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{"datasets_id": 2461, "wiki_id": "Q28737277", "sp": 94, "sc": 290, "ep": 94, "ec": 936} | 2,461 | Q28737277 | 94 | 290 | 94 | 936 | Hugo W. Koehler | For further reading | upon Capelotti's earlier research and doctoral dissertation on the subject. It represents the culmination of years of research by Capelotti, and also Koehler's extant writings and the correspondence that Maggie Wood Potter had compiled before her death. Both Potter and Capelotti took on their respective projects at the behest of Koehler's stepson, Senator Claiborne Pell. Capelotti's anthology of Koehler's writings focuses largely on his time in Russia in the years immediately after the First World War. Pell remained determined during and after his long political career, to explore the rumors and shadowy experiences of his step father. |
{"datasets_id": 2461, "wiki_id": "Q28737277", "sp": 94, "sc": 936, "ep": 94, "ec": 1607} | 2,461 | Q28737277 | 94 | 936 | 94 | 1,607 | Hugo W. Koehler | For further reading | Pell's efforts included communicating with the Archdiocese of Vienna in an effort to confirm the existence of an Austrian trust, that Pell believed had been terminated upon Koehler's marriage to his divorced mother; enlisting National Security Agency advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski to investigate Koehler's possible connection to the Habsburgs and retaining an Austrian researcher.
In the foreword to Capelotti's book, Rear Admiral Kemp Tolley, naval historian and author of numerous articles and three books on the subject of the U.S. Navy's activities in the Pacific, China, and the Soviet Union, and who assisted Capelotti in the review of his manuscript, wrote |
{"datasets_id": 2461, "wiki_id": "Q28737277", "sp": 94, "sc": 1607, "ep": 94, "ec": 2219} | 2,461 | Q28737277 | 94 | 1,607 | 94 | 2,219 | Hugo W. Koehler | For further reading | about Koehler, "From time to time- not often- there appears on the world's screen an individual of extremely sharp insight, broad powers of observation and analysis, and an unusually lively curiosity. Such an individual was Hugo William Koehler- bold, adventurous, urbane, generous, and with a savoir faire that gained him ready entrance to the highest circles of international society. Something of a prophet, he foresaw the rise of Hitler's Germany, the ensurance at Versailles of a new world war, and bolshevism's inevitable collapse. In that cataclysmic time of world war and civil war, I know of no other |
{"datasets_id": 2461, "wiki_id": "Q28737277", "sp": 94, "sc": 2219, "ep": 94, "ec": 2572} | 2,461 | Q28737277 | 94 | 2,219 | 94 | 2,572 | Hugo W. Koehler | For further reading | American who so intimately associated with Russians of all levels, White and Red. Koehler slept, ate, and galloped over the steppes like a cossack with them, week in and week out, at ease with their personal quirks and characteristics. What those Russians are like and what they might do was revealed with stunning clarity by Commander Hugo Koehler." |
{"datasets_id": 2462, "wiki_id": "Q957744", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 360} | 2,462 | Q957744 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 360 | Hui Liangyu | Biography | Hui Liangyu Biography Hui was born in Yushu, Jilin Province. He is a member of the Hui ethnic minority. Starting in 1969, he worked in a number of Communist Party and government positions, rising to full membership in the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee in November 2002. He was the CPC party chief in Jiangsu from 2000 to 2002. He served as a Vice Premier from 2003 to 2013. |
{"datasets_id": 2463, "wiki_id": "Q15585526", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 293} | 2,463 | Q15585526 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 293 | Hulsea mexicana | Description | Hulsea mexicana Description Hulsea mexicana is an annuals or biennial herb sometimes reaching 100 cm (39 in) in height. Most of the leaves are on the stem rather than clustered around the base. One plant will generally produce 3–5 flower heads, each with 20–35 ray flowers surrounding a large number of tiny disc flowers. |
{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 688} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 688 | Humanist photography | Humanist photography Humanist Photography, also known as the School of Humanist Photography, manifests the Enlightenment philosophical system in social documentary practice based on a perception of social change. It emerged in the mid-twentieth-century and is associated most strongly with Europe, particularly France, where the upheavals of the two world wars originated, though it was a worldwide movement. It can be distinguished from photojournalism, with which it forms a sub-class of reportage, as it is concerned more broadly with everyday human experience, to witness mannerisms and customs, than with newsworthy events, though practitioners are conscious of conveying particular conditions and social |
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{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 4, "sc": 688, "ep": 4, "ec": 1408} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 4 | 688 | 4 | 1,408 | Humanist photography | trends, often, but not exclusively, concentrating on the underclasses or those disadvantaged by conflict, economic hardship or prejudice. Humanist photography "affirms the idea of a universal underlying human nature". Jean Claude Gautrand describes humanist photography as:
a lyrical trend, warm, fervent, and responsive to the sufferings of humanity [which] began to assert itself during the 1950s in Europe, particularly in France ... photographers dreamed of a world of mutual succour and compassion, encapsulated ideally in a solicitous vision.
Photographing on the street or in the bistro primarily in black‐and‐white in available light with the popular small cameras of the day, these image-makers |
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{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 4, "sc": 1408, "ep": 8, "ec": 352} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 4 | 1,408 | 8 | 352 | Humanist photography | Philosophical foundation | discovered what the writer Pierre Mac Orlan (1882-1970) called the 'fantastique social de la rue' (social fantasticality of the street) and their style of image making rendered romantic and poetic the way of life of ordinary European people, particularly in Paris. Philosophical foundation The preoccupation with everyday life emerged after World War I. As a reaction to the atrocities of the trenches, Paris became a haven for intellectual, cultural and artistic life, attracting artists from the whole of Europe and the United States. With the release of the first Leica and Contax range-finder cameras, photographers took to the street and |
{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 8, "sc": 352, "ep": 8, "ec": 998} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 8 | 352 | 8 | 998 | Humanist photography | Philosophical foundation | documented life by day and night. Such photographers as André Kertész, Brassaï, Henri Cartier-Bresson emerged during the period between the two world wars thanks to the Illustrated Press (Vu and Regards). Having been brought to notice by the Surrealists and Berenice Abbott, the life work of Eugène Atget in the empty streets of Paris also became a reference.
At the end of World War II, in 1946, French intellectuals Jean-Paul Sartre and André Malraux embraced humanism; Sartre argued that existentialism was a humanism entailing freedom of choice and a responsibility for defining oneself, while at the Sorbonne in an address sponsored |
{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 8, "sc": 998, "ep": 12, "ec": 12} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 8 | 998 | 12 | 12 | Humanist photography | Philosophical foundation & Emergence | by UNESCO, Malraux depicted human culture as 'humanisme tragique', a battle against biological decay and historical disaster.
Emerging from brutal global conflict, survivors desired material and cultural reconstruction and the appeal of humanism was a return to the values of dignity, equality and tolerance symbolised in an international proclamation and adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the General Assembly of the United Nations in Paris on 10 December 1948. That the photographic image could become a universal language in accord with these principles was a notion circulated at a UNESCO conference in 1958 Emergence As France in |
{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 12, "sc": 12, "ep": 12, "ec": 697} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 697 | Humanist photography | Emergence | particular, but also Belgium and the Netherlands, emerged from the dark period of the Occupation (1940–4), the liberation of Paris in August 1944 released photographers to respond to reconstruction and the Fourth Republic’s (1947–59) drive to redefine a French identity after war, defeat, occupation, and collaboration, and to modernise the country. For photographers the experience had been one in which the Nazi authorities censored all visual expression and the Vichy carefully controlled those who remained; and who eked out a living with portraiture and commercial, officially endorsed editorial photography, though individuals joined the Resistance from 1941, including Robert |
{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 12, "sc": 697, "ep": 12, "ec": 1386} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 12 | 697 | 12 | 1,386 | Humanist photography | Emergence | Capa, Cartier-Bresson, and Jean Dieuzaide, with several forging passes and documents (amongst whom were Robert Doisneau, Hans Bellmer, and Adolfo Kaminsky).
Paris was a crossroad of modernist culture and so cosmopolitan influences abound in humanist photography, recruiting emigrés who impressed their stamp on French photography, the earliest being Hungarian Andre Kertesz who arrived on the scene in the mid-1920s; followed by his compatriots Ergy Landau, Brassai (Gyula Halasz), and Robert Capa (Endre Friedmann), and by the Pole "Chim" Seymour (Dawid Szymin), among others, in the 1930s. The late 1940s and 50s saw a further influx of foreign photographers sympathetic to this |
{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 12, "sc": 1386, "ep": 16, "ec": 213} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 12 | 1,386 | 16 | 213 | Humanist photography | Emergence & Picture magazines, reportage and the photoessay | movement, including Ed van der Elsken from the Netherlands who recorded the interactions at the bistrot Chez Moineau, the dirt-cheap refuge of bohemian youths and of Guy Debord, Michele Bernstein, Gil J. Wolman, Ivan Chtcheglov and the other members of the Letterist International and the emerging Situationists whose theory of the dérive accords with the working method of the humanist street photographer. Picture magazines, reportage and the photoessay Humanist photography emerged and spread after the rise of the mass circulation picture magazines in the 1920s and as photographers formed fraternities such as Le Groupe des XV (which exhibited annually 1946-1957), |
{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 16, "sc": 213, "ep": 16, "ec": 890} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 16 | 213 | 16 | 890 | Humanist photography | Picture magazines, reportage and the photoessay | or joined agencies which promoted their work and fed the demand of the newspaper and magazine audiences, publishers and editors before the advent of television broadcasting which rapidly displaced these audiences at the close of the 1960s. These publications include the Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung, Vu, Point de Vue, Regards, Paris Match, Picture Post, Life, Look, Le Monde illustré, Plaisir de France and Réalités which competed to give ever larger space to photo-stories; extended articles and editorials that were profusely illustrated, or that consisted solely of photographs with captions, often by a single photographer, who would be credited alongside the journalist, |
{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 16, "sc": 890, "ep": 24, "ec": 218} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 16 | 890 | 24 | 218 | Humanist photography | Picture magazines, reportage and the photoessay & Photobooks and literary connections & Humanist photography outside France | or who provided written copy as well as images. Photobooks and literary connections Iconic books appeared including Doisneau's Banlieue de Paris (1949), Izis's Paris des rêves (1950), Willy Ronis' Belleville‐Ménilmontant (1954) (see left), and Cartier‐Bresson's Images à la sauvette (1952); better known by its English title, which defines the photographic orientation of all these photographers, The Decisive Moment). Humanist photography outside France The British, exposed to much the same threats and conflict as the rest of Europe during the first half of the century, in their popular magazine Picture Post (1938–1957) did much to promote the humanist imagery of Bert |
{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 24, "sc": 218, "ep": 24, "ec": 841} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 24 | 218 | 24 | 841 | Humanist photography | Humanist photography outside France | Hardy, Kurt Hutton, Felix H. Man (aka Hans Baumann), Francis Reiss, Thurston Hopkins, John Chillingworth, Grace Robertson, and Leonard McCombe, who eventually joined Life Magazine's staff. Its founder Stefan Lorant explained his motivation;
“Father was a humanist. When I lost him in the war, it changed me. He was in his forties, and I changed. I championed the cause of the common man, for people who were not as well off as myself”
The movement is in marked contrast to the contemporaneous ‘art’ photography of the USA, and it was a country less directly exposed to the trauma that inspired the humanist |
{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 24, "sc": 841, "ep": 24, "ec": 1475} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 24 | 841 | 24 | 1,475 | Humanist photography | Humanist photography outside France | philosophy. Nevertheless, there too ran a current of humanism in photography, first begun in the early 20th century by Jacob Riis, then Lewis Hine, followed by the FSA and the New York Photo League [see the Harlem Project led by Aaron Siskind] photographers exhibited at Limelight gallery.
Books were published such as those by Dorothea Lange and Paul Taylor (An American Exodus, 1939), Walker Evans and James Agee (Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, 1941), Margaret Bourke-White and Erskine Caldwell (You Have Seen Their Faces, 1937), Arthur Rothstein and William Saroyan (Look At Us,..., 1967). The seminal work by Robert Frank, |
{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 24, "sc": 1475, "ep": 24, "ec": 2086} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 24 | 1,475 | 24 | 2,086 | Humanist photography | Humanist photography outside France | The Americans published in France in 1958 (Robert Delpire) and the USA the following year (Grove Press), the result of his two Guggenheim grants, can also be considered an extension of the humanist photography current in the USA which had a demonstrable impact on American photography.
In spite of the Red Scare and McCarthyism in the 1950s (which banned the Photo League) a humanist ethos and vision was promoted by The Family of Man exhibition world tour, and is strongly apparent in W. Eugene Smith's 1950s development of the photo essay, street photography by Helen Levitt, Vivian Meier et al., and |
{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 24, "sc": 2086, "ep": 28, "ec": 452} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 24 | 2,086 | 28 | 452 | Humanist photography | Humanist photography outside France & Characteristics | later the work by Bruce Davidson (incl. his East 100th Street), Eugene Richards, and Mary-Ellen Mark from the 50s into the 90s. The W. Eugene Smith Award continues to award humanitarian and humanist photography. Characteristics Typically humanist photographers harness the photograph's combination of description and emotional affect to both inform and move the viewer, who may identify with the subject; their images are appreciated as continuing the pre-war tradition of photo reportage as social or documentary records of human experience. It is praised for expressing humanist values such as empathy, solidarity, sometimes humor, and mutual respect of cameraperson and subject |
{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 28, "sc": 452, "ep": 28, "ec": 1136} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 28 | 452 | 28 | 1,136 | Humanist photography | Characteristics | in recognition of the photographer, usually an editorial freelancer, as auteur on a par with other artists.
Developments in technology supported these characteristics. The Ermanox with its fast f/1.8 and f/2 lenses (6 cm x 4.5 cm format, 1924) and the 35mm Leica, 1925) camera, miniaturized and portable, had become available by the end of the 1920s, followed by the medium-format Rolleiflex (1929), and the 35mm Contax (1936). They revolutionized the practice of documentary photography and reportage by enabling the photographer to shoot quickly and unobtrusively in all conditions, to seize the "decisive moment" which Cartier-Bresson defined as "the whole essence, in the |
{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 28, "sc": 1136, "ep": 32, "ec": 395} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 28 | 1,136 | 32 | 395 | Humanist photography | Characteristics & Decline | confines of one single photograph, of some situation that was in the process of unrolling itself before my eyes" and thus support Cornell Capa's notion of "concerned photography", described as "work committed to contributing to or understanding humanity's well-being". Decline The humanist current continued into the late 1960s and early 70s, also in the United States when America came to dominate the medium, with photography in academic artistic and art history programs becoming institutionalised in such programs as the Visual Studies Workshop, after which attention turned to photography as a fine art and documentary image-making was interrogated and transformed in |
{"datasets_id": 2464, "wiki_id": "Q3381582", "sp": 32, "sc": 395, "ep": 32, "ec": 410} | 2,464 | Q3381582 | 32 | 395 | 32 | 410 | Humanist photography | Decline | Postmodernism. |
{"datasets_id": 2465, "wiki_id": "Q16244059", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 566} | 2,465 | Q16244059 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 566 | Humans (Canadian band) | History | Humans (Canadian band) History Vancouver's Robbie Slade and Peter Ricq met in 2008, and started making music together in the summer of 2009. They released a demo album in 2009. In 2010, the duo released their first EP called Avec Mes Mecs, and produced a video for its title track. Promotion through BIRP (an indie music blog & monthly playlist) along with fan-made videos ushered in the release of the official video in 2011.
Following up Avec Mes Mecs, the duo released their sophomore EP called Traps in 2012. The release received high praise from publications such as DJ Mag, Exclaim!, |
{"datasets_id": 2465, "wiki_id": "Q16244059", "sp": 6, "sc": 566, "ep": 10, "ec": 372} | 2,465 | Q16244059 | 6 | 566 | 10 | 372 | Humans (Canadian band) | History & Techniques, technology, live performances | and Resident Advisor. A video for the song "Horizon" was premiered on Spinner. Techniques, technology, live performances Humans have garnered a reputation for being a live act that is "full of unbelievable energy and ready to engage with the crowd." Their visual presentation uses live audio input from their shows, allowing for improvisation in both their visual and audio performances.
On tour, Humans have opened for Broken Social Scene, The Crystal Method, Junior Boys, and Clipse. |
{"datasets_id": 2466, "wiki_id": "Q1182215", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 389} | 2,466 | Q1182215 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 389 | Hummels Wharf, Pennsylvania | Geography & Demographics | Hummels Wharf, Pennsylvania Geography Hummels Wharf is located at 40°50′5″N 76°50′12″W (40.834638, -76.836753).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.78 km²), all of it land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 641 people, 314 households, and 184 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,254.1 people per square mile (883.9/km²). There were 336 housing units at an average density of 1,181.5/sq mi (463.3/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.04% White, 0.47% African American, 1.25% Asian, 0.94% from other races, and 0.31% from two or more |
{"datasets_id": 2466, "wiki_id": "Q1182215", "sp": 10, "sc": 389, "ep": 10, "ec": 976} | 2,466 | Q1182215 | 10 | 389 | 10 | 976 | Hummels Wharf, Pennsylvania | Demographics | races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.94% of the population.
There were 314 households out of which 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.1% were non-families. 36.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.04 and the average family size was 2.63.
In the CDP, the population was spread out with 19.2% under the age of 18, 4.7% from |
{"datasets_id": 2466, "wiki_id": "Q1182215", "sp": 10, "sc": 976, "ep": 10, "ec": 1503} | 2,466 | Q1182215 | 10 | 976 | 10 | 1,503 | Hummels Wharf, Pennsylvania | Demographics | 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $24,600, and the median income for a family was $25,781. Males had a median income of $38,942 versus $25,109 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,218. About 14.1% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the |
{"datasets_id": 2466, "wiki_id": "Q1182215", "sp": 10, "sc": 1503, "ep": 18, "ec": 204} | 2,466 | Q1182215 | 10 | 1,503 | 18 | 204 | Hummels Wharf, Pennsylvania | Demographics & Government & Schools | poverty line, including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 17.3% of those age 65 or over. Government Hummels Wharf is located in the 108th House District and the 27th Senate District of the Pennsylvania General Assembly. With regards to the U.S. House of Representatives, residents are in Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district. In the United States each state is represented in the United States Senate by two at large senators. Schools Selinsgrove Area School District is the local public school. There are approximately 2700 students clustered on a campus located in Selinsgrove borough. The Pennsylvania Department of Education projects a |
{"datasets_id": 2466, "wiki_id": "Q1182215", "sp": 18, "sc": 204, "ep": 18, "ec": 889} | 2,466 | Q1182215 | 18 | 204 | 18 | 889 | Hummels Wharf, Pennsylvania | Schools | declining enrollment for the foreseeable future.
According to Pittsburgh Business Times, which ranks Pennsylvania school districts based on test scores, in 2007 Selinsgrove Area School District was ranked 235th out of 499 public school districts in the state. The Daily Item reported that in 2006 Selinsgrove reached adequate yearly progress standards for the first time since the progress analysis began during the 2002-03 school year.
SASD employs about 350 people in 2007. Two hundred of the employees are teachers. The median teacher salary in 2007 is $58,000 plus benefits. Seventy percent of spending is allocated to employee costs. The district reports spending |
{"datasets_id": 2466, "wiki_id": "Q1182215", "sp": 18, "sc": 889, "ep": 18, "ec": 1586} | 2,466 | Q1182215 | 18 | 889 | 18 | 1,586 | Hummels Wharf, Pennsylvania | Schools | $9800 per pupil in 2007. According to Jeffrey Hummel, district business manager, costs for building projects coupled with salaries, transportation costs and increased charges for energy, will mean continued property tax increases.
The Selinsgrove Area Middle School serves students in grades 6-8 using a team teaching approach. The students' PSSA scores for reading and math have exceeded state and regional averages for several years.
Selinsgrove Area Intermediate School has students grades 3-5. The school's lagging reading and math test scores have raised concerns. The scores have been below state and regional averages for several years. In 2005, the 3rd grade ranked 1215th |
{"datasets_id": 2466, "wiki_id": "Q1182215", "sp": 18, "sc": 1586, "ep": 18, "ec": 2329} | 2,466 | Q1182215 | 18 | 1,586 | 18 | 2,329 | Hummels Wharf, Pennsylvania | Schools | out of 1779 Pennsylvania third grades.
Primary grades are at Selinsgrove Area Elementary School. Kindergarten is located at Jackson Penn School. All Day Kindergarten begins in the 2007-2008 school year. District officials are using this as an opportunity to further consolidate the district by renovating and enlarging Selinsgrove Elementary School and closing Jackson-Penn Elementary School. Enrollment in the district is declining and is projected to continue to decline for the next decade. SASD Demographic report PreK-12 school statistics Enrollment Projections
In 2005, Standard & Poors reported the district's student teacher ratio was 15.9 to 1.
Public School busing is provided.
Selinsgrove Area High |
{"datasets_id": 2466, "wiki_id": "Q1182215", "sp": 18, "sc": 2329, "ep": 22, "ec": 436} | 2,466 | Q1182215 | 18 | 2,329 | 22 | 436 | Hummels Wharf, Pennsylvania | Schools & Parks and recreation | School has about 960 students in grades 9-12. In 2005, Selinsgrove Area High School was ranked 306th out of 601 Pennsylvania high schools on the annual state basic testing. Parks and recreation Local government is participating in a regional effort to increase and improve outdoor recreation in Eastern Snyder County. A regional plan has been developed by Shamokin Dam borough, Selingrove borough, Monroe Township, and Penn Township officials. Their hope is to garner state tax dollars through grant and matching fund applications. Officials assert that a poll of 10% of residents showed that they were willing to pay higher taxes |
{"datasets_id": 2466, "wiki_id": "Q1182215", "sp": 22, "sc": 436, "ep": 22, "ec": 1087} | 2,466 | Q1182215 | 22 | 436 | 22 | 1,087 | Hummels Wharf, Pennsylvania | Parks and recreation | to add more recreation facilities to the area.
The East Snyder Park is a multi-use facility which is under development using state grants and local donations. It is located along the upper end of University Ave. near Rt. 522, at the location of the existing Penn Township ball fields. The master plan of the park calls for nine professional grade horseshoe pits, baseball, softball, football and soccer fields, a preschool playground with age appropriate apparatus (Kaboom grant) a playground for older children, and a small wetland conservation education area. The facilities are governed by the East Snyder Regional Recreation Association, |
{"datasets_id": 2466, "wiki_id": "Q1182215", "sp": 22, "sc": 1087, "ep": 22, "ec": 1732} | 2,466 | Q1182215 | 22 | 1,087 | 22 | 1,732 | Hummels Wharf, Pennsylvania | Parks and recreation | a 501 (c) organization with a board made up of interested parties, local youth recreation organization representatives and area government officials.
One concept brought out in the Park, Recreation and Open Space Plan is for the region to market riverfront recreation opportunities. This is being actively promoted by the Susquehanna Greenway Partnership.
Susquehanna River Shady Nook PP&L electric company donated 4.7 acres of land to the township for a public boat access in Hummels Wharf. From U.S. routes 11 and 15 in Selinsgrove, turn right at Sheetz, then at the curve drive straight ahead. At the stop sign, turn left to |
{"datasets_id": 2466, "wiki_id": "Q1182215", "sp": 22, "sc": 1732, "ep": 22, "ec": 2051} | 2,466 | Q1182215 | 22 | 1,732 | 22 | 2,051 | Hummels Wharf, Pennsylvania | Parks and recreation | access the area. The hours of operation are 24 hours, 7 days a week. Activities include unlimited-horsepower boating, shallow-draft, lightweight fishing boats, canoes and inflatables. Shore fishing is permitted with a Pennsylvania fishing license. Parking is available in a large lot and a surfaced ramp is maintained. |
{"datasets_id": 2467, "wiki_id": "Q48803594", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 228} | 2,467 | Q48803594 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 228 | Hundred of Carawa | Hundred of Carawa The Hundred of Carawa is a hundred within County of Dufferin, South Australia. The hundred lies north east of Ceduna, South Australia and was proclaimed in 1893.
The traditional owners of the land are the Wirangu tribes. |
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{"datasets_id": 2468, "wiki_id": "Q1973352", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 114} | 2,468 | Q1973352 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 114 | Hungary Fed Cup team | History | Hungary Fed Cup team History Hungary competed in its first Fed Cup in 1963. Their best result was reaching the quarterfinals in 1963 and 1985. |
{"datasets_id": 2469, "wiki_id": "Q5946804", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 96} | 2,469 | Q5946804 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 96 | Hurnamaira | Geography | Hurnamaira Geography Hurnamaira is approximately 67 kilometers (or 42 miles) from the capital of Pakistan, Islamabad. |
{"datasets_id": 2470, "wiki_id": "Q1346687", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 682} | 2,470 | Q1346687 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 682 | Hurricane Electric | IPv6 | Hurricane Electric IPv6 Hurricane Electric operates the largest Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) transit networks globally, as measured by the count of peering interconnections to other networks. The majority of these adjacencies are native IPv6 BGP sessions.
Hurricane Electric offers an IPv6 tunnel broker service, providing free connectivity to the IPv6 Internet via 6-in-4 IPv6 transition mechanisms. The company provides an online IPv6 certification program to further education and compliance in IPv6 technology. As of May 7, 2018, the company reports 97,067 provisioned tunnels spanning 197 countries via the IPv6 tunnel broker. 15,382 individuals in |
{"datasets_id": 2470, "wiki_id": "Q1346687", "sp": 6, "sc": 682, "ep": 10, "ec": 391} | 2,470 | Q1346687 | 6 | 682 | 10 | 391 | Hurricane Electric | IPv6 & Peering | 155 countries have reached the highest level of the IPv6 certification. Peering Within its global network, Hurricane Electric is connected to more than 220 major exchange points and exchanges IP traffic directly with more than 8,700 different networks.
The European Internet Exchange Association (Euro-IX) ranks Hurricane Electric first in the world for the number of connections to Internet exchange points, with presence at more than 120 of Euro-IX member IXPs. |
{"datasets_id": 2471, "wiki_id": "Q5949633", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 241} | 2,471 | Q5949633 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 241 | Hussam Abdo | The incident | Hussam Abdo Hussam Muhammad Bilal Abdo (Arabic: حسام محمد بلال عبده; born 24 February 1990) is a Palestinian from the Masahiya area of Nablus, who, as a teenager, made international headlines on 24 March 2004, when he entered the Hawara Checkpoint in the West Bank, with eight kilos (18 lbs) of explosives strapped to his body as part of a suicide attack attempt. The incident Abdo, then reportedly aged 16, approached the checkpoint running towards the soldiers, wearing 8 Kilograms (18 lbs) of explosives on a vest with the activation switch in his hands. When the Israeli soldiers noticed something suspicious about |
{"datasets_id": 2471, "wiki_id": "Q5949633", "sp": 8, "sc": 241, "ep": 8, "ec": 778} | 2,471 | Q5949633 | 8 | 241 | 8 | 778 | Hussam Abdo | The incident | the boy, they directed their weapons at him and he became startled and raised his arms without detonating the belt. He was then ordered to raise his shirt and the explosives belt was discovered. After all the people were ordered to safety, a specialized Bomb disposal robot was sent to him with a pair of scissors, so that he could cut off the explosives, all the while telling soldiers that he did not want to die. He was then searched for more bombs but none were found and the bomb taken from Abdo's vest was later exploded at a safe |
{"datasets_id": 2471, "wiki_id": "Q5949633", "sp": 8, "sc": 778, "ep": 8, "ec": 1385} | 2,471 | Q5949633 | 8 | 778 | 8 | 1,385 | Hussam Abdo | The incident | area. The commanding officer at the checkpoint noted that it is possible that the boy tried to activate the explosive belt but that "it did not work".
Media reported that Abdo said he was offered 100 NIS and promised sex with the promised virgins and Israeli security forces added that in the inquiry it was found that Abdo was unpopular among his fellow students and that his friends would mock him. Fatah's military wing of Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades from the Balata refugee camp in Nablus took responsibility for the sending of the boy.
When asked on Israeli television to give the reason |
{"datasets_id": 2471, "wiki_id": "Q5949633", "sp": 8, "sc": 1385, "ep": 8, "ec": 1934} | 2,471 | Q5949633 | 8 | 1,385 | 8 | 1,934 | Hussam Abdo | The incident | for his attempted attack, Abdo said "because of the people". When this was repeated back to him in the form of a question, he responded, "they don't love me". He was then asked by a reporter if he also thought about paradise, and nodded his head. The Jerusalem Post quoted Hussam as saying his handlers told him that blowing himself up is the only chance he'd have at sex with 72 virgins in the Garden of Eden.
The Age reported that Hussam said, in an interview, that after years of bullying by classmates, he wanted to reach the paradise |
{"datasets_id": 2471, "wiki_id": "Q5949633", "sp": 8, "sc": 1934, "ep": 12, "ec": 490} | 2,471 | Q5949633 | 8 | 1,934 | 12 | 490 | Hussam Abdo | The incident & Interviews | he had learned about in Islamic teachings. Interviews In July 2004, the BBC was allowed an interview with Abdo in an Israeli jail in which he detailed the trail of mission. He said he was recruited by his friend Nasser, a 16-year-old classmate who approached him asking Abdo if he would find him a "martyr bomber", to which Abdo replied he'll do it. Abdo was then taken to Wael, a 21-year-old member of the Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades who took him to a third militant who put the bomb belt on the boy and both took pictures of him. Abdo described |
{"datasets_id": 2471, "wiki_id": "Q5949633", "sp": 12, "sc": 490, "ep": 12, "ec": 1052} | 2,471 | Q5949633 | 12 | 490 | 12 | 1,052 | Hussam Abdo | Interviews | his feelings towards the people who sent him as 'normal' and noted that one of them is also in prison and that they are friends. When asked about the reasons for the attack, Abdo stated it was because his friend was killed and also because he desired to be relieved of school.
In the documentary The Making of a Martyr, Abdo was interviewed a year and a half after his attempted suicide bombing. He expressed no remorse and in fact seemed closer to the terrorists with whom he was incarcerated. He regretted not being in an explosion and remembered his |
{"datasets_id": 2471, "wiki_id": "Q5949633", "sp": 12, "sc": 1052, "ep": 16, "ec": 423} | 2,471 | Q5949633 | 12 | 1,052 | 16 | 423 | Hussam Abdo | Interviews & Family report | failed attempt with joy, saying "When they drove me to the checkpoint, I was giggling and jumping." Family report Abdo's mother, Tamam, said "He's a small child who can't even look after himself. He's only 16 . . . He never had a happy childhood. He still hasn't seen anything in life. If he was over 18, that would have been possible, and I might even encourage him to do it. But it's impossible for a child his age to do it." Israeli media described Abdo as a "mentally challenged" boy while his brother, Hosni, said that Abdo "has the |
{"datasets_id": 2471, "wiki_id": "Q5949633", "sp": 16, "sc": 423, "ep": 20, "ec": 368} | 2,471 | Q5949633 | 16 | 423 | 20 | 368 | Hussam Abdo | Family report & Media coverage | intelligence of a 12 year old." His family criticized the Israeli Defense Forces for "parading" the boy in front of international reporters. Abdo's uncle Khalil said that if he found out who sent his nephew out as a suicide bomber, he'd gladly kill the dispatcher himself. Media coverage Abdo's story, and that of the child suicide bombing phenomenon in the Palestinian Territories, was captured in the award-winning documentary, The Making of A Martyr, by Brooke Goldstein and Alistair Leyland.
Husam was interviewed by Pierre Rehov for making of his documentary Suicide Killers where Rehov studies the psychopathology behind Muslim terrorism, and |
{"datasets_id": 2471, "wiki_id": "Q5949633", "sp": 20, "sc": 368, "ep": 20, "ec": 843} | 2,471 | Q5949633 | 20 | 368 | 20 | 843 | Hussam Abdo | Media coverage | why some Muslim parents are willing to offer their children as martyrs.
According to Shafiq Masalha, a clinical psychologist who teaches at Tel Aviv University's education program, 15% of Palestinian children dream of becoming suicide bombers. According to Eyad Sarraj, Palestinian psychiatrist and director of the Gaza Community Mental Health Program, a survey his group made found that 36% of Palestinians over 12 aspired to die "a martyr's death" fighting Israel. |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 608} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 608 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Background to war | Hutt Valley Campaign Background to war Tensions rose in the mid-1840s as settlers and Māori were left to deal with the consequences of haphazard and often dubious land purchases by the New Zealand Company. The boundaries of purchased land and Māori reserves were often only vaguely indicated, creating confusion and conflict. The company's purchasing agents seldom questioned the right of vendors to sell the land, whose possession even Māori disputed among themselves and Māori who lived in the Hutt Valley under customary rights were forcefully evicted by the government with little or no compensation for their homes and extensive cultivations. |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 8, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 580} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 8 | 0 | 10 | 580 | Hutt Valley Campaign | New Zealand Company land dealings | New Zealand Company land dealings The Heretaunga (Hutt Valley) area had been lightly and sporadically populated until the 1830s by a number of small tribes (or hapu), which were driven out during successive waves of migration from northern invaders, ultimately leaving the area in the control of Te Rauparaha of Ngati Toa, who in turn had granted rights of occupation to Ngāti Rangatahi.
Ngāti Mutunga had established ahi ka, or a long historical association with the area and was therefore in a position to sell land, but had departed by September 1839, when the New Zealand Company vessel Tory arrived at |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 10, "sc": 580, "ep": 10, "ec": 1216} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 10 | 580 | 10 | 1,216 | Hutt Valley Campaign | New Zealand Company land dealings | Port Nicholson to purchase land for its settlements.
Unaware of these complexities, and disregarding advice that Te Rauparaha had conquered all the land around Cook Strait and was widely accepted by those who lived on the land as the final owner, the New Zealand Company distributed payment to six chiefs for vast, but poorly defined expanses of land in the Port Nicholson (Wellington) area. Among the recipients was Ngāti Tama chief Te Kaeaea (also known as Taringa Kuri, or "Dog's Ear"), then living at Kaiwharawhara in subservience to Te Rauparaha. Ngāti Rangatahi, although it had been in the Heretaunga district seasonally |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 10, "sc": 1216, "ep": 10, "ec": 1853} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 10 | 1,216 | 10 | 1,853 | Hutt Valley Campaign | New Zealand Company land dealings | since the early 1830s, was offered nothing, although its territory was included in the purchase. Te Rauparaha, who also saw himself as the owner by right of conquest, objected strongly to the purchases.
New Zealand Company settlers began arriving at Port Nicholson from January 1840 in numbers that shocked Māori, who soon found Pakeha trampling over their homes, gardens and cemeteries, and in places sticking survey pegs in the ground. Taringa Kuri and his Ngati Tama people moved to the Hutt Valley because of incursions on their cultivation land at Kaiwharawhara by settlers and their cattle, while in Porirua Te Rauparaha's |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 10, "sc": 1853, "ep": 14, "ec": 489} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 10 | 1,853 | 14 | 489 | Hutt Valley Campaign | New Zealand Company land dealings & Spain commission | nephew and fellow Ngāti Toa chief Te Rangihaeata menaced surveyors and settlers who attempted to take possession of land there. Spain commission In January 1841 Secretary of State for War and the Colonies Lord John Russell appointed lawyer William Spain as Land Claims Commissioner to investigate and determine the validity of the New Zealand Company purchases. Spain arrived in Auckland in December and began his hearings into the Port Nicholson dealings in May 1842.
The New Zealand Company frustrated Spain's efforts to make a full investigation of its entitlement to land and in June 1843 it pushed ahead with surveying of |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 14, "sc": 489, "ep": 14, "ec": 1113} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 14 | 489 | 14 | 1,113 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Spain commission | the disputed Wairau Plains in the South Island, despite requests by Te Rauparaha and Te Rangihaeata to halt pending Spain's decision on the legality of the purchase.
An abortive bid by settlers and company representatives to arrest the two chiefs for impeding them resulted in the bloody Wairau Affray.
In a preliminary report in 1843 Spain stated that many of the Māori taking part in the original Port Nicholson transaction in 1839 would not have understood that by signing the deed they were selling their land, including pā and cultivations. He noted that "the greater portion of the land claimed by the |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 14, "sc": 1113, "ep": 14, "ec": 1728} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 14 | 1,113 | 14 | 1,728 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Spain commission | Company in the Port Nicholson district, and also in the district between Port Nicholson and Wanganui, including the latter place, has not been alienated by the natives to the New Zealand Company; and that the other portions of the same districts have been only partially alienated by the natives to that body".
Despite the company's inability to prove it had made a valid purchase of land—and the Treaty of Waitangi's guarantee that Māori would have undisturbed possession of their lands so long as they wished to retain them—Spain in early 1843 ceased public hearings and began serving as an arbitrator or |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 14, "sc": 1728, "ep": 14, "ec": 2345} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 14 | 1,728 | 14 | 2,345 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Spain commission | umpire in negotiations between the New Zealand Company and Protector of Aborigines George Clarke Junior on how Māori should be "compensated" for the alienation of their land.
Without consulting Māori, the two sides agreed on 29 January 1844 that the New Zealand Company would make a further £1500 payment as compensation "to natives who may be entitled to receive it" for about 67,000 acres, including surveyed sections in the Hutt Valley.
Spain convened a special sitting of the Court of Land Claims at Te Aro pā on 23 February where he informed its occupants of the agreement and asked them to sign |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 14, "sc": 2345, "ep": 14, "ec": 2944} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 14 | 2,345 | 14 | 2,944 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Spain commission | deeds of release in exchange for payment. The deeds indicated acceptance of "an absolute surrender of all our title to all our claims in all our lands which are written in the Document" except pā, cultivations, sacred places and reserves. Te Aro Māori demanded further payment, but relented four days later when Ngāti Mutunga chief Pōmare—visiting the area from his new home in the Chatham Islands—advised them to accept the offer. Te Aro gave a third of their £300 payment to Pōmare, who then returned to the Chatham Islands. Another £530 was distributed to Māori of Kumutoto, Pipitea and Tiakiwai |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 14, "sc": 2944, "ep": 14, "ec": 3548} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 14 | 2,944 | 14 | 3,548 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Spain commission | pā the same day.
Spain, who in early February had gained in-principle agreement from Te Rauparaha about compensating Ngāti Toa for land at Port Nicholson, met the chief again on 8 and 9 March 1844 at Porirua, this time also with Te Rangihaeata. When he attempted to secure their signatures to a deed of release for their interest in land at Port Nicholson, Te Rauparaha claimed he had previously been unaware it would include payment for Heretaunga, which he now refused to relinquish. Te Rauparaha said he considered "Port Nicholson" to mean all the land seaward of the Rotokakahi Stream, about |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 14, "sc": 3548, "ep": 14, "ec": 4187} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 14 | 3,548 | 14 | 4,187 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Spain commission | 2 km up the Heretaunga (Hutt) River. Spain raised his cash offer, offering Te Rauparaha another £100 to compensate for lost crops if he ensured Taringa Kuri left the valley immediately.
Taringa Kuri then began cutting a line through bush at Rotokakahi, warning government officials it was the northern boundary of "Port Nicholson" land for which the New Zealand Company had secured its deeds of settlement. On 12 November, Clarke wrote a document acknowledging the receipt by Te Rauparaha and Te Rangihaeata of the £400 for the "surrender" of Heretaunga. The Waitangi Tribunal noted that the document did not define the boundaries |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 14, "sc": 4187, "ep": 14, "ec": 4789} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 14 | 4,187 | 14 | 4,789 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Spain commission | of the land that had been surrendered and gave Ngāti Toa no guarantee of reserves. It said the document was not signed by Te Rangihaeata, who received no share of the money until March 1845. The tribunal said there was no indication Ngāti Tama received any of the £100 compensation for their crops, nor was Ngāti Rangatahi offered or given compensation for being ousted from their land.
From November 1844 the government intensified its efforts to oust Ngāti Tama and Ngāti Rangatahi from the Hutt Valley, for the first time gaining support from Te Rauparaha, who agreed they should leave. But |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 14, "sc": 4789, "ep": 18, "ec": 253} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 14 | 4,789 | 18 | 253 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Spain commission & Tensions escalate | the Hutt Valley Māori reacted with a display of defiance to both Te Rauparaha and the government, expanding their bush clearings and cultivations and protesting that they had never been compensated for their loss of land. Government officials now began to suggest that force might be required to remove them to make way for European settlers. Tensions escalate Fearing a new outbreak of violence and conscious of the parallels between Hutt Valley land tensions and those that had resulted in bloodshed at Wairau two years earlier—in both cases Te Rauparaha and Te Rangihaeata were the chief Māori protagonists in a |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 18, "sc": 253, "ep": 18, "ec": 883} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 18 | 253 | 18 | 883 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Tensions escalate | struggle over dubious land sales to settlers—a militia force was formed in Wellington in 1845, with about 220 men mustering daily for military drill series of stockades. A series of redoubts and stockades were built in the Wellington area, including "Fort Richmond" beside the Hutt River, with further small outposts at Boulcott's Farm and Taita. All were manned by militia until the steady arrival of almost 800 British troops from Auckland and the Bay of Islands.
Governor George Grey arrived in New Zealand in November 1845 and began to adopt a more aggressive approach than his predecessor, Robert Fitzroy, to resolve |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 18, "sc": 883, "ep": 18, "ec": 1489} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 18 | 883 | 18 | 1,489 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Tensions escalate | the land issues. In mid-February 1846 he visited the Hutt Valley and secured a commitment from Taringa Kuri that Ngāti Tama would quit the area within a week, abandoning the 120 hectares of potatoes they had been growing. Grey refused to compensate them for crops and houses, claiming their occupation had been illegal. When settlers began moving on to the vacated land and met resistance from some remaining Māori, Grey sent a 340-strong military force into the valley on 24 February. He then sent a message to Ngāti Rangatahi chief Kaparatehau, demanding that he abandon the village of Maraenuku, beside |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 18, "sc": 1489, "ep": 18, "ec": 2123} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 18 | 1,489 | 18 | 2,123 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Tensions escalate | the Hutt River, and threatened an immediate attack if they had not left by noon the next day, 25 February. Kaparatehau agreed. Houses in the village were ransacked by Europeans the night they left and on 27 February British troops marched into the village and burned what remained, desecrating the village chapel and burial place in the process. Aggrieved Ngāti Rangatahi retaliated on 1 and 3 March by raiding nearby settlers’ farms, destroying furniture, smashing windows, killing pigs and threatening the settlers with death if they raised an alarm.
Ignoring Crown law advice that his expulsion of Ngāti Rangatahi had been |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 18, "sc": 2123, "ep": 18, "ec": 2736} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 18 | 2,123 | 18 | 2,736 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Tensions escalate | illegal because FitzRoy's deeds of settlements had excluded native cultivations and homes—and that Māori had been justified in resorting to arms to resist eviction—Grey declared martial law on 3 March in the Wellington District, south of Paekakariki. The same morning a party of Māori fired several volleys at troops near Boulcott's Farm, 3 km north of Fort Richmond but was repulsed when troops returned fire. Grey ordered HMS Driver to take reinforcements to Petone. In late March two Māori were arrested and put on trial for taking part in the plundering of settlers' homes at the beginning of the month; days |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 18, "sc": 2736, "ep": 18, "ec": 3367} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 18 | 2,736 | 18 | 3,367 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Tensions escalate | later, on 2 April, farmer Andrew Gillespie and his son were fatally attacked by tomahawk on vacated land on which Gillespie's family had newly settled. Te Rauparaha sent word to Grey that the killers were Whanganui Māori unconnected with Ngāti Toa and could be found at Porirua. The suspects fled into bushland when a police party was sent from Wellington to capture them.
Troops discovered a newly built stockaded and entrenched stronghold at the head of the Pauatahanui inlet in Porirua Harbour occupied by Te Rangihaeata and Grey responded by dispatching 250 troops to establish a garrison at present-day Plimmerton and |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 18, "sc": 3367, "ep": 22, "ec": 544} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 18 | 3,367 | 22 | 544 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Tensions escalate & Boulcott's Farm | starting work on a military road from Wellington to Porirua. Boulcott's Farm Ignoring warnings from Te Rauparaha and Te Āti Awa chief Te Puni that an armed strike was imminent, Port Nicholson police magistrate Major M. Richmond disbanded the militia in Wellington and reduced the strength of his Hutt Valley forces. But at daybreak on 16 May 1846 a force of 200 Ngāti Toa and Ngāti-Hāua-te-Rangi warriors, led by Upper Whanganui chief Topine Te Mamaku, launched an attack on the imperial outpost at Boulcott's Farm.
Two volleys were fired at the four-man English picket, or advance position. Te Mamaku's fighters |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 22, "sc": 544, "ep": 22, "ec": 1129} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 22 | 544 | 22 | 1,129 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Boulcott's Farm | rushed the tents with tomahawks, killing the survivors, then turned their attention on the remaining 45 men in the Boulcott's garrison. Lieutenant Page and two men, armed with sword and pistol, fought their way from the house in which they were besieged to a barn, where half the force were quartered. Page ordered his men to advance in the open with fixed bayonets and were reinforced by a party of seven Hutt Militia, who arrived during the battle and helped to drive off Te Mamaku's forces about 90 minutes after the attack began.
Six soldiers were killed in the battle and |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 22, "sc": 1129, "ep": 22, "ec": 1742} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 22 | 1,129 | 22 | 1,742 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Boulcott's Farm | one soldier and a settler, who were severely wounded, also died some days later. Māori losses were thought to be two dead and 10 or more wounded.
The scare prompted military authorities to arm 250 kūpapa, or "friendly", Te Āti Awa Māori who served under chief Te Puni to protect settlers, while Te Aro settlers formed a volunteer force that began nightly patrols of the settlement, guarding against an expected hostile Māori attack.
A second settler, Richard Rush, was killed in a tomahawk attack on 15 June and the following day a 74-strong composite force of Regular troops, Hutt Militia and Te |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 22, "sc": 1742, "ep": 26, "ec": 61} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 22 | 1,742 | 26 | 61 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Boulcott's Farm & Capture of Te Rauparaha | Āti Awa Māori marched north from Boulcott's Farm and became involved in a skirmish with hostile Māori near Taita, resulting in several of the imperial forces being wounded.
A memorial stone at the corner of High Street and Military Road in Lower Hutt lists the names of eight soldiers from the British 58th and 99th Regiments who were killed in action or died of wounds following the attack at Boulcott's Farm. There is a stone in the cemetery at St James's Church, Lower Hutt. Capture of Te Rauparaha Warned that a large war party of Upper Whanganui Māori led by |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 26, "sc": 61, "ep": 26, "ec": 665} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 26 | 61 | 26 | 665 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Capture of Te Rauparaha | warrior chiefs Ngapara and Maketu was on the march down the west coast to reinforce Te Rangihaeata and Te Mamaku, Grey on 18 June extended martial law northwards to Whanganui. The reinforcements were reported to have been summoned by Te Rauparaha in a letter that had been sighted by a Whanganui settler.
Grey gained the agreement of Te Āti Awa chief Wiremu Kīngi, based near Waikanae, that he would block and attack the Upper Whanganui taua's advance if it passed along the coast through his territory. The Governor then launched a dawn raid on Te Rauparaha's village of Taupo, near present-day |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 26, "sc": 665, "ep": 28, "ec": 7} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 26 | 665 | 28 | 7 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Capture of Te Rauparaha & Battle Hill | Plimmerton, on 23 July, arresting the chief on the basis that he had committed treason by supplying arms, ammunition and provisions to Te Rangihaeata, who was in rebellion against the government. Several other chiefs were seized and homes in surrounding villages searched for weapons and ammunution. When news of the arrests reached Te Rangihaeata, a rescue attempt by 50 warriors was mounted but easily driven off. Grey's prisoners were transferred to HMS Calliope, which sailed to Auckland, and they were detained without charge as prisoners of war for ten months. Te Rauparaha remained under detention in Auckland until 1848. Battle |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 28, "sc": 6, "ep": 30, "ec": 580} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 28 | 6 | 30 | 580 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Battle Hill | Hill On 31 July 1846 a 213-strong combined force of Hutt militia, armed police and 150 Te Āti Awa set off overland to launch a surprise rear attack on Te Rangihaeta's stronghold at Pauatahanui. But the occupants of the pā were alerted as the forces approached early the next day and were able to flee. The Pauatahanui pā was commandeered as an imperial military post to help guard construction work on the main road northwards.
Two days later, on 3 August, Major Edward Last began to lead the government force north through the heavily forested Horokiri ranges in pursuit of Te |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 30, "sc": 580, "ep": 30, "ec": 1190} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 30 | 580 | 30 | 1,190 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Battle Hill | Rangihaeata and Te Mamaku. The force comprised Regulars, seaman from the Calliope, militia, armed police and several hundred Māori allies from Te Āti Awa and Ngāti Toa, supported by a detachment of Pioneers armed with axes and other cutting tools to cut through the bush.
Te Rangihaeata's stronghold was discovered on 6 August at the crest of a steep ridge, surrounded by strong fortifications and three of the British force were killed in an exchange of fire that lasted several hours until nightfall. The force withdrew from the hill and a detachment of seamen were sent back to Pauatahanui to bring |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 30, "sc": 1190, "ep": 30, "ec": 1782} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 30 | 1,190 | 30 | 1,782 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Battle Hill | up two mortars. The weapons were carried in on 7 August and about 80 shells were fired throughout 8 August from a range of about 1200 metres. Some of the force also skirmished with Te Rangihaeata's warriors in the bush near the pā.
By 10 August, Last had concluded a decisive victory was unattainable and the majority of the force was withdrawn, leaving a Māori attack force to maintain fire. Three days later they discovered Te Rangihaeata and his entire force had evacuated under cover of darkness and rain. Delayed by storms, the kūpapa Māori, including a Ngãti Toa detachment led |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 30, "sc": 1782, "ep": 34, "ec": 87} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 30 | 1,782 | 34 | 87 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Battle Hill & Waitangi Tribunal | by Rawiri Puaha, began a pursuit on 17 August through heavy bush across steep ridges, deep valleys and rocky streams, with both sides suffering casualties in sporadic exchanges of gunfire. Te Rangihaeata finally entrenched himself with about 100 men at a pā named Poroutawhao in swampland between Horowhenua and the Manawatu, while Te Mamaku returned with his force to his Whanganui River base.
The site of the 6–10 August battle has been preserved as a recreational area named Battle Hill Farm Forest Park. Waitangi Tribunal The Waitangi Tribunal issued a report in 2003 on 13 claims relating to the area covered |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 34, "sc": 87, "ep": 34, "ec": 678} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 34 | 87 | 34 | 678 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Waitangi Tribunal | by the New Zealand Company's 1839 Port Nicholson deed of purchase, as extended in 1844 to the southwest coast. It identified Māori groups with ahi ka rights in the Port Nicholson block in 1840, which included Ngāti Toa in the Heretaunga and concluded that the Crown had failed to adequately compensate Ngāti Toa, Ngāti Rangatahi and Ngāti Tama for their loss of lands and cultivations.
The tribunal found that the 1839 Port Nicholson deed of purchase was invalid and conferred no rights to either the New Zealand Company or those to whom it on-sold its land. It found that the Crown |
{"datasets_id": 2472, "wiki_id": "Q3655546", "sp": 34, "sc": 678, "ep": 34, "ec": 922} | 2,472 | Q3655546 | 34 | 678 | 34 | 922 | Hutt Valley Campaign | Waitangi Tribunal | had failed to protect the treaty rights of Māori to sell their land at a fair price and it was critical of the decision to switch from proceeding with Spain's inquiry to implementing a form of arbitration without the informed consent of Māori. |
{"datasets_id": 2473, "wiki_id": "Q3544898", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 578} | 2,473 | Q3544898 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 578 | Hybrid Child | Premise | Hybrid Child Premise The Hybrid Child is an amazing android that can grow if it is lavished with enough love and care from its owner. Neither fully machine nor fully human, the various Hybrid Child models develop strong emotional bonds with their owners. This volume contains several short stories of love, sacrifice, and drama: Young Kotaro learns the importance of responsibility when his Hybrid Child's lifespan runs out. The tragic swordsman Seya learns to love again with the help of his Hybrid child, Yuzu. The final tale tells the story of Kuroda, the creator of the Hybrid Child designs, and |
{"datasets_id": 2473, "wiki_id": "Q3544898", "sp": 6, "sc": 578, "ep": 6, "ec": 621} | 2,473 | Q3544898 | 6 | 578 | 6 | 621 | Hybrid Child | Premise | how his lost love inspired their creation. |
{"datasets_id": 2474, "wiki_id": "Q5953633", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 272} | 2,474 | Q5953633 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 272 | Hyde Park (1934 film) | Hyde Park (1934 film) Hyde Park is a 1934 British comedy film directed by Randall Faye and starring George Carney, Barry Clifton and Eve Lister. It follows a socialist who refuses to give permission for his daughter to marry an aristocrat, but changes his mind when he himself comes into money. |
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{"datasets_id": 2475, "wiki_id": "Q5954816", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 653} | 2,475 | Q5954816 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 653 | Hydroelectric power in Colombia | Hydroelectric power in Colombia With seventy percent of Colombia's power generation, hydroelectric power is a very important national energy source. The total large hydropower potential for Colombia is estimated at 93GW, with an additional 25GW of small hydropower (<20MW). However, the potential for large hydropower faces difficulties, as the best sites have already been developed, also due to the escalating environmental and social costs associated with large dams, and the likely impacts of climate change and climate variability on the hydrological regime of the country (drastic increases in surface temperature in the Andes, changes in precipitation patterns, and increases in |
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{"datasets_id": 2475, "wiki_id": "Q5954816", "sp": 4, "sc": 653, "ep": 4, "ec": 767} | 2,475 | Q5954816 | 4 | 653 | 4 | 767 | Hydroelectric power in Colombia | the intensity and frequency of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signals driving prolonged periods of drought). |
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{"datasets_id": 2476, "wiki_id": "Q28311088", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 615} | 2,476 | Q28311088 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 615 | Hygrophyte | Hygrophyte A Hygrophyte (Greek hygros = wet + phyton = plant) is a plant living above ground that is adapted to the conditions of abundant moisture pads of surrounding air. These plants inhabit mainly wet and dark forests and islands darkened swamp and very humid and floody meadows. Within the group of all types of terrestrial plants, they are at least resistant to drought.
According to the environmental attributes are a group of plants between categories hydrophytes (aquatic plants) and mesophytes (plants in moderate environmental conditions)
Plants living in the or moist habitats typically lack |
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{"datasets_id": 2476, "wiki_id": "Q28311088", "sp": 4, "sc": 615, "ep": 4, "ec": 637} | 2,476 | Q28311088 | 4 | 615 | 4 | 637 | Hygrophyte | xeromorphic features. |
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{"datasets_id": 2477, "wiki_id": "Q3442778", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 581} | 2,477 | Q3442778 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 581 | Hylestad Stave Church | Hylestad Stave Church The Hylestad Stave Church was a stave church located in Hylestad (now Valle municipality), Setesdal district, Norway. The church was estimated to have been built in the late 12th to the early 13th century and was demolished in the 17th century. Some of the intricate wood carvings from the church doorway were saved and incorporated into other buildings. They are now on display at the Museum of Cultural History in Oslo.
The carvings show several scenes from the legend of Sigurd Fåvnesbane. A section of one of these carvings in which Sigurd kills Regin was the basis for |
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{"datasets_id": 2477, "wiki_id": "Q3442778", "sp": 4, "sc": 581, "ep": 8, "ec": 547} | 2,477 | Q3442778 | 4 | 581 | 8 | 547 | Hylestad Stave Church | Engravings | a Norwegian postal stamp. Engravings There are seven scenes from the Sigurd legend carved on the two door panels, with three scenes on the first panel and four scenes on the second panel. The description below notes the scenes and the corresponding section from the legend, with the order of the fifth and sixth scenes reversed to follow the normal sequence of the legend.
Based on the clothes and equipment, the panels have been dated to the second half of the 12th century. The figures and medallions on Hylestad I and the vine on Hylestad II show close parallels to English |
{"datasets_id": 2477, "wiki_id": "Q3442778", "sp": 8, "sc": 547, "ep": 12, "ec": 497} | 2,477 | Q3442778 | 8 | 547 | 12 | 497 | Hylestad Stave Church | Engravings & Sigurd and Regin forge the sword Gram | and French manuscript illuminations from around 1170. Sigurd and Regin forge the sword Gram The first scene shows Sigurd (who wears a helmet) and Regin (who has a beard) at the forge and the second scene shows Sigurd holding the mended sword.
Sigurd, described as one of the best swordsmen, was urged by Regin to seek Fafnir the dragon's treasure. Regin then forged a sword with Sigurd at his side, providing assistance by keeping the fire going and providing water to cool the blade when needed. When the sword was completed they named it Gram. Sigurd tested the sword by striking |
{"datasets_id": 2477, "wiki_id": "Q3442778", "sp": 12, "sc": 497, "ep": 16, "ec": 182} | 2,477 | Q3442778 | 12 | 497 | 16 | 182 | Hylestad Stave Church | Sigurd and Regin forge the sword Gram & Sigurd slays Fafnir the dragon | it upon Regin's shield, which had a picture of Fafnir engraved on it. The blade broke, which prompted Regin to forge another sword out of the broken pieces of the first Gram. When it was completed Sigurd tested the blade once again on the shield with Fafnir's image, and this time it cut through the shield and also cut off the horn of the anvil. Sigurd slays Fafnir the dragon The third scene shows Sirgurd slaying the dragon with a sword.
After forging the sword, Sigurd and Regin travel to Gnita-Heath in order to find Fafnir the dragon and take his |
{"datasets_id": 2477, "wiki_id": "Q3442778", "sp": 16, "sc": 182, "ep": 20, "ec": 342} | 2,477 | Q3442778 | 16 | 182 | 20 | 342 | Hylestad Stave Church | Sigurd slays Fafnir the dragon & Sigurd roasts the heart of the dragon | treasure. There they dig "a pit in the path used by Fafnir," and then he crawled into it. When Fafnir came to the water pit Sigurd emerged and "thrust his sword" into Fafnir, killing him. Sigurd roasts the heart of the dragon The fourth scene, which is on the second door panel, shows Sigurd roasting the heart of the dragon and sucking his thumb while Ragin appears to sleep.
After slaying Fafnir, Regin asks Sigurd to take the dragon's heart and roast it for him. "Regin then lay down, drank Fafnir's blood and went to sleep." Sigurd himself then touched the |
{"datasets_id": 2477, "wiki_id": "Q3442778", "sp": 20, "sc": 342, "ep": 24, "ec": 254} | 2,477 | Q3442778 | 20 | 342 | 24 | 254 | Hylestad Stave Church | Sigurd roasts the heart of the dragon & Sigurd kills Regin | heart to see if it was cooked, but the boiling blood ran down his hand, scalding him. When he drank the dragon's blood, he was able to hear "the speech of birds." From the birds, which are depicted in the fifth scene, he heard of Regin's plot to kill Sigurd, in "vengeance for his brother." Sigurd kills Regin In the sixth scene, Sigurd slays Regin with his sword.
Sigurd, both warned by the birds of Regin's plot to betray him and encouraged by their assertions that great wealth, knowledge, and power would be his if he killed Regin preemptively and took |
{"datasets_id": 2477, "wiki_id": "Q3442778", "sp": 24, "sc": 254, "ep": 28, "ec": 337} | 2,477 | Q3442778 | 24 | 254 | 28 | 337 | Hylestad Stave Church | Sigurd kills Regin & Grani carries the treasure | possession of Fafnir's treasure, kills Regin. Sigurd, convinced by their counsel, states "It will not be my ill fate that Regin shall be my death. Rather, both brothers should go the same way." Sigurd decapitates Regin using the sword Gram. Grani carries the treasure In the fifth scene, Sigurd's horse Grani stands carrying a chest containing Fafnir's expansive treasure and two birds are depicted below Grani perched in the branches of a tree. The birds likely belong to the group whose speech Sigurd understood. This scene combines elements of the legend that took place before and after the slaying of |
{"datasets_id": 2477, "wiki_id": "Q3442778", "sp": 28, "sc": 337, "ep": 32, "ec": 86} | 2,477 | Q3442778 | 28 | 337 | 32 | 86 | Hylestad Stave Church | Grani carries the treasure & Gunnar in the serpent pit | Regin.
After killing Regin, Sigurd mounts Grani, and rides to Fafnir's lair, where he finds "an enormous store of gold" from which he takes "many precious things" including the helm of terror and the sword Hrotti specifically. Sigurd loads large chests with the treasure onto Grani, despite expecting that it would be too large a load even for a pair of horses. Grani carries the treasure without difficulty, even refusing to move until Sigurd rides on his back, running "as if unencumbered." Gunnar in the serpent pit The last panel shows Sigurd's brother-in-law, Gunnnar, in a snake pit playing the harp |
{"datasets_id": 2477, "wiki_id": "Q3442778", "sp": 32, "sc": 86, "ep": 32, "ec": 648} | 2,477 | Q3442778 | 32 | 86 | 32 | 648 | Hylestad Stave Church | Gunnar in the serpent pit | with his feet in an attempt to pacify the snakes.
Fafnir's treasure is cursed. In his dying breaths, Fafnir warns Sigurd that his gold "will be the death of all that possess it." Sigurd, is unfazed by this and mentions the mortality of all men. After Sigurd's death at the hands of his three brothers-in-law, Gunnar, Hogni, and Guttorm, Fafnir's treasure is hidden by Gunnar, sunk to the bottom of the Rhine. Gudrun remarries, to Atli (Atilla the Hun), who is fascinated by the treasure and seeks to own it. Gunnar refuses to tell Atli its location, |
{"datasets_id": 2477, "wiki_id": "Q3442778", "sp": 32, "sc": 648, "ep": 32, "ec": 1040} | 2,477 | Q3442778 | 32 | 648 | 32 | 1,040 | Hylestad Stave Church | Gunnar in the serpent pit | insisting, "Rather shall the Rhine rule over the gold than the Huns wear it on their arms." Atli orders Gunnar to be placed into a serpent pit, with his hands bound behind his back. Gudrun sends her brother a harp, and Gunnar is able to play "so exceedingly well" with his toes that he lulls the snakes to sleep, "except for one large and hideous adder" who kills Gunnar in a single strike. |
{"datasets_id": 2478, "wiki_id": "Q16996458", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 308} | 2,478 | Q16996458 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 308 | I'm Movin' On (CeCe Peniston album) | Chart performance | I'm Movin' On (CeCe Peniston album) Chart performance Two weeks after its official shipping to music stores, the album entered the US Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums Chart at number forty-eight (its peak) on September 28, 1996. In total, the set spent four weeks in the component chart, with no appearance in the Billboard 200, or in the overseas albums charts. |
{"datasets_id": 2479, "wiki_id": "Q18796788", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 522} | 2,479 | Q18796788 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 522 | I-4: Loafing and Camouflage | Plot | I-4: Loafing and Camouflage Plot Five young men try to be exempted from army using their high social interfaces. But a scandal related with many exemptions from army breaks out and the five men are compelled to enlist. Finally they enlist in category I-4 that means they serve as unarmed. Next they go to serve as auxiliary unit in a commando troops. There, the soldiers are forced to face the cruel behaviour of commandos. But, in this camp the Greek colonel play an army role play game with the Turkish colonel of the Turkish camp, in the other coast of |
{"datasets_id": 2479, "wiki_id": "Q18796788", "sp": 6, "sc": 522, "ep": 6, "ec": 722} | 2,479 | Q18796788 | 6 | 522 | 6 | 722 | I-4: Loafing and Camouflage | Plot | Aegean. This game gives to the I-4 soldiers the opportunity to avenge the commandos. Finally the conflict between commandos and I-4 upset the camp, but the I-4 soldiers manage to avoid the penalties. |
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