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Part One
look for the Ibong Adarna. After three months of wandering through the forests and thickets, he came to a gold tree, known as Piedras Platas, at the foot of the tree which he fell down tired and thirsty. What he does not know is that the gold tree is where the Ibong Adarna was accustomed to pass the night. By nightfall, Pedro fell asleep and then the bird flew into the air and sang the first of its seven songs; its melody was so softly sweet that anyone was lulled into a profound sleep. After emitting its seventh song for
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Part One
the night, the bird excreted dropping on the sleeping prince who became stone. King Fernando then asked his second son Don Diego also to send out in search of the bird. Don Diego underwent the same hardships (but ventured for five months, two more than Don Pedro) and came to exactly the same fate as his older brother. After three whole years without hearing any news, at last Don Juan, the youngest and most favored son was (unwillingly by King Fernando) sent forth, in search of the bird. Don Juan however, had fortune to meet on his way an old hermit
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who was impressed by the virtues and good manners of the young prince and knowing the mission on which he embarked, put him on guard against the treacheries of the bird. The hermit tells of the gold tree where the famed bird stays every night after singing seven songs, warning of the spells in its seven songs which lulls the hearer to sleep and the excretion which petrifies anyone. He provides Don Juan with a knife and lemons, both of which Juan must use to cut seven wounds on his hands and distill into them the juice of the fruits to
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Part One
create the pain that will prevent him from being lulled by the seven songs. The hermit then gives Juan a golden rope which the prince must use to bind the bird's legs while it is asleep and take it inside a cage. Before Juan leaves, the hermit provides him with a bucket which he must use to scoop water from a well near the tree and pour over his two petrified brothers to restore them. Don Juan did as was bidden and soon found himself in possession of the desired bird and on his way back to his home country
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with his two brothers, Don Pedro and Don Diego. Don Juan ventured for four months. On the way, however, being envious that Don Juan had obtained what they were not able to do, the two older brothers conspired between themselves to do away with him. Don Pedro suggested that they should kill him but Don Diego, who was less brutal, convinced Pedro that it was sufficient to beat him, which they did. After beating Don Juan to whom they owed their lives, they left him unconscious in the middle of the road as the two brothers continued on their way to
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Part One
the palace. Once there in the palace, they convinced the king that they never knew what happened to Don Juan, but the bird was disheveled and did not sing for it awaits Don Juan, the true captor of this bird. Don Juan woke eventually, but could not move due to the pain caused by the beating. He prayed fervently for the health of the king and the forgiveness of God to his brothers. The same hermit who gave him advice before catching the bird arrives and heals him magically. Upon return to the palace, everyone was happy except his
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two brothers, worried that Don Juan might tell on them to the king. The bird then started to sing. Its enchanted song revealed to the king that Don Pedro and Don Diego beat up Don Juan and that he was the true captor of the bird. The two were sentenced to being cut off from the royalty and banished, but they were reprieved due to Don Juan being forgiving and asking to give them another chance. They were given one, however, any consequent fault would mean death. They enjoyed the bird, they did not treat it as a pet, but rather
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Ibong Adarna
Part One & Part Two
like a person. So they made the three princes watch over the bird for 3 hours each every day. Don Pedro wanted revenge, so he conspired again and forced Don Diego to go on board with it yet again. They planned to trick Don Juan into thinking that under his watch, the bird escaped. They successfully did it and Don Juan set out to find the bird before the king wakes up. The king finds the bird missing and so is Don Juan, so he asked the two to find the bird and their brother. Part Two They find Don
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Juan at Mt. Armenia, where they decide that they just live there, on the beautiful mountain. They lived happily there and forgot the trouble from the past. They find a well and decide to explore the inside, arguing about who goes first. They settle for the idea that Pedro, the eldest, was the first to descend by means of a cord lowered by the two brothers who remained above; but he had scarcely gone a third of the way when he felt afraid and gave the sign for his two brothers to pull him out of the well. Presently, Diego
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was let down but he too could not go farther down than half of the way. When it was Juan's turn to go he allowed himself to be let down to the lowest depths of the cistern. There the prince discovered two enchanted palaces, the first being occupied by Princess Juana who informed him she was being held prisoner by a giant, and the second by Princess Leonora, also the prisoner of a large seven-headed serpent. After killing the giant and the serpent, the prince tugged on the cord and soon came up to the surface of the earth with
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the two captive princesses, whom his two brothers soon wanted to take away from him. Diego desired Princess Juana for himself and Pedro wanted Princess Leonora. Before the parting, however, Leonora discovered that she left her ring in the innermost recesses of the well. Juan voluntarily offered to take it for her but when he was halfway down, the two brothers let go of the rope he was descending causing him to fall to the bottom of the well. Not long after this, wedding bells were rung in the palace. Diego married Princess Juana but Princess Leonora before casting her
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lot with Prince Pedro requested her marriage to him delayed for a term of seven years because she might still have a chance to unite herself with Don Juan. Don Juan, thanks to Leonora's enchanted ring found in the well, could avail himself of the help of a wolf which cured him of his wounds, fix his dislocations, and bring him to the medicinal waters of the Jordan, and took him out of the well Already torn between all hope of ever finding the Abakla, Don Juan resolved to return to the Kingdom. But to his confusion, he was unable
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to find his way. No one could tell him precisely which was the way that would lead him to the kingdom of his father. While sleeping under a tree, the Adarna awakens him and convinces him to turn his back on Leonora because Maria Blanca, the daughter of King Salermo in Reino de los Cristales was better. He came to a hermit that consulted all of the animals from the surrounding areas, but none of them could tell the prince the direction towards Reyno de los Cristales. But the king of all these animals, a swiftly soaring eagle (real name
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Part Two
Olicornio), having compassion for his troubles, offered to take the prince to wherever he desired. After an epic flight, the prince and the eagle came to a distant crystal lake on whose shores they landed to rest from their long and tiresome flight. Then the eagle related to his companion the secrets of the crystal lake. This was the bathing place where, in certain hours of the day, the three daughters of the most powerful and most feared king of the surrounding regions used to dive into the water and swim; and for this reason it was not proper
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for the prince to commit any indiscretion if he desired to remain and see the spectacle of the bath. Don Juan remained and when the hour of the bathing arrived he saw plunging into the pure crystal water the figures of the three most beautiful princesses whom his sinful eyes had ever seen. He then secretly hid and kept one of the princesses dresses. When the princess noticed the theft, her two sisters had already gone. The prince hurriedly ran to her and on his knee begged her pardon and placed at her feet her stolen dress and
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at the same time poured forth the most ardent and tender professions of love. Pleased by his gentleness and gallant phrases, the princess also fell in love with him; but she advised him that it would be better for him to go away before her father would come to know of his intrusion. If he did not do so he would be converted into another piece of stone for the walls of the enchanted palace in which they live, in the same way, that all the other suitors who aspired for their hands had been transformed. On being informed of
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Part Two
the adventure of the bold prince, the king sent for him. Don Juan, who would risk everything for the privilege of seeing his beloved, presented himself to the king in spite of the princess' warning. The king, greatly impressed with the youth's tact and self-possession, chose to give him a series of tests both gigantic and impossible for ordinary mortals. After completing these trials the king was satisfied and offered Don Juan his daughter. However, the princess, fearing that her father might resort to a new trick to foil their happiness, ordered the prince to direct himself to the royal
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stables in order to take the best horse and have him ready for them to flee on that same night. Unfortunately, the prince in his hurry took the wrong horse and the king came immediately went in pursuit of the fugitives. The king, riding the best horse, pursued them tenaciously but through the use of cunning magic, the princess helped them to outrace the king. When at last they found themselves safe and free, it did not take them long before they could reach the portals of the Berbanian Kingdom. But the prince, alleging that he should have such preparations
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Part Two
duly made for entry into the royal palace as are appropriate for her category and dignity, left Doña Maria on the way promising to return for her once he had informed the committee that was to receive her. Once in the midst of the happiness of palace life, Don Juan soon forgot his professions of love to Doña Maria. He became dazzled by the beauty of Princess Leonora who had been waiting for him during all the days of his absence and he sought her hand in marriage while Doña Maria was impatiently waiting for his return. When she
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came to know of the infidelity of Don Juan, the pilgrim princess made use of the talisman which she always carried with her and adorned with the most beautiful royal garments and carried in a large coach drawn by eight sorrel-colored horses with four palfreys, she presented herself at the door of the palace practically inviting herself to the royal wedding of Prince Juan and Princess Leonora. Out of respect for so beautiful a guest from foreign lands and on the occasion of the wedding itself, there were celebrated tournaments, in one Doña Maria succeeded in inserting as one of the
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Part Two
number dance of a negrito and a negrito created from nothing through her marvelous talisman. In the dance the negrito carried a whip in her hand and with it she pitilessly lashed her negrito partner, calling him Don Juan . while she proceeded to remind of all the vicissitudes of fortune undergone by him at the side on Doña Maria, the part which was played by the whipping negrito: the scene of the bath, the different tests to which he had been subjected by her father, the flight of both that was full of accidents, and his cruel abandonment of her
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on the way. Every crack of the whip which fell on the shoulders of the negrito seemed at the time to the true Don Juan as if it was lashing. After all this, Don Juan finally remembered Doña Maria. He then gave Princess Leonora and the kingdom of Berbania to Prince Pedro while he and Doña Maria returned to Reyno de los Cristales. When they came back, they found the kingdom in a mourning state, following the deaths of Doña Maria’s father and sisters. The kingdom rejoiced when they came back and crowned them the king and queen of the
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Ibong Adarna
Part Two & Film and Media
kingdom. Film and Media The story of Ibong Adarna is known all over the Philippines and has been told in different dialects and media. (The now defunct) LVN Studios produced the first two commercial "Ibong Adarna" films. The first one, made in 1941, starred Mila del Sol, Fred Cortes, and Ester Magalona. It had a magical sequence which showed the singing of the bird. That used a painstakingly hand-painted process called "Varicolor." That pre-war version was directed by Vicente Salumbides and "Technical direction by Manuel Conde." Fifteen years later, in 1956, LVN produced a second version, this
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Film and Media
time under the full direction of an older Manuel Conde, and starred Nida Blanca, Nestor de Villa and Carlos Salazar. The 1956 film was the first Filipino commercial film shot and shown in its entirety in Eastman Color. Roda Film Productions produced 2 movies: "Ibong Adarna" (1972) and its sequel "Ang Hiwaga ng Ibong Adarna" (1973) starring Philippine Comedy King Dolphy as the lead Prince Adolfo and comedians Panchito Alba as Prince Alfonso, Babalu as Prince Albano and Rosanna Ortiz as the Ibong Adarna. Tagalog Pictures, Inc. produced the movie "Si Prinsipe Abante At Ang Lihim ng Ibong Adarna" in 1990 starring
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Film and Media & Art and Literature
comedian Rene Requestas as the lead Prince Abante, Paquito Diaz as Prinsipe Atras, Joaquin Fajardo as Prinsipe Urong-Sulong and Monica Herrera as Princess Luningning/the Ibong Adarna. In 1996 Star Cinema produced the movie "Ang TV Movie: The Adarna Adventure". Jolina Magdangal played the Ibong Adarna. In 2013, GMA Network produced Adarna, a contemporary television series adaptation starring Kylie Padilla in the title role. Art and Literature During the mid-1970s, the Nutrition Center of the Philippines (NCP) found itself in need of a series of storybooks to supplement their mental feeding program. They approached Virgilio S. Almario, a well-known poet and
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Art and Literature
literary critic of that time, to spearhead the production of this series. He then recruited authors, editors, illustrators, and researchers for the series, which he would call Aklat Adarna. The Adarna bird is a fictional creature which had the ability to cure any sickness with its song so the name was chosen to evoke the healing power of education and knowledge against the struggle of the Filipino against poverty-causing ignorance. When NCP concluded the storybook program, Almario carried on with the project through the Children's Communication Center. Soon enough, with its increasing number of publications, CCC needed a distributor
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Art and Literature
and publisher and a decision was made to found Adarna Book Services, later renamed to Adarna House, Inc. Local publisher Vibal Foundation brings the Philippines' first interactive e-book, Ibong Adarna, which aims to relive classic Filipino stories through full-color illustrations, animations and high-quality sound. The e-book was launched at Apple iBookstore. Project Gutenberg also has a version of the epic in its library.
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Ibrahim Najjar
Early life and education
Ibrahim Najjar Ibrahim Najjar is a lawyer, a professor of law, a Lebanese politician and a former Justice minister (2008 - 2011). Early life and education Najjar was born the 2 September 1941 in Tripoli, North Lebanon, and is an adherent of the Greek Orthodox Church. After high school at St. Joseph's College Antoura and the French Lycée in Beirut, he studied at the Université Saint-Joseph in Beirut and in France. Ibrahim Najjar is the author of a thesis (1966) on the "potestative rights" in the French law, and of two major law books on Family laws (Successions, wills and gifts)
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Ibrahim Najjar
Early life and education & Career and views
in Lebanon, together with a law Dictionary (French Arabic and Arabic French). In 2016 Ibrahim Najjar has published three law books on French private law and Lebanese law studies.In 2018, Najjar has published "A letter to Ibrahim" and another book on his experience as minister of justice ("At The Justice Ministry", 2019). In October 2019 a new edition of the Najjar's "Family Patrimonial Rights" are published in two volumes: "The Gifts. The Theory. The donations. The Wills", and "The Matrimonial Right - The Successions" with an important updates. Career and views Najjar is close to the March 14 movement and
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Ibrahim Najjar
Career and views
the Lebanese Forces. He was formerly a Kataeb party senior official; he founded and presided the its students bureau in early 1960s. He was the head of the Kataeb’s Koura district bureau from 1973 to 1978. Since 1966, Najjar is also a law professor at Saint Joseph University. His numerous writings in the famous Dalloz Encyclopedia, the Dalloz Bulletin and the French Revue Trimestrielle de droit civil are well known. Najjar is the owner and editor of The Lebanese Review of Arab And International Arbitration since 1996; he also publishes the Saint Joseph Faculty of Law Journal, Proche Orient Etudes Juridiques,
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Ibrahim Najjar
Career and views
since 1975. The National medal for Human rights was attributed to Najjar in 2010 after his draft law to abolish death penalty in Lebanon. Najjar was also elected to get the Medal of honor of the St Joseph University. In June 2013, he was made Officer of the Legion of Honor by the French President of Republic; in July 2015 he was granted the decoration of Commandor of the Spanish order of Isabelle the Catholic Since 2011 Najjar , since October 2, 2017, vice president of the International Commission against the Death Penalty. Since June 29, 2016, Najjar is emeritus professor
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Ibrahim Najjar
Career and views
at the Faculty of Law of the Saint Joseph University, Lebanon. In June 2017 he was appointed as President of the Disciplinary Board of the Special Tribunal For Lebanon for a period of two years. This appointment is renewed for a period of two years starting June 21, 2019. In 2018 a foundation ("Ibrahim Najjar For Culture and Freedom) was founded in order to promote the restoration of the rule of law and an education focused on the freedom and fundamental human rights. As teacher of law, he was tutor for the previous minister of interior and municipalities, Ziad Baroud. Najjar was appointed
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Ibrahim Najjar
Career and views
minister of justice in July 2008 to the cabinet headed by then prime minister Fouad Siniora. In November 2009, he was again named as justice minister in the cabinet led by then prime minister Saad Hariri. His action at justice ministry during three years is considered as one of the most fruitful period for the judiciary and the promotion of draft laws in many fields (arbitrary detention, human rights, successions and wills, Lebanese citizenship for the generations of Lebanese ascent, the transformation of the justice ministry into a ministry for freedom and human rights). Two major judiciary permutations were conducted by
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Ibrahim Najjar
Career and views
him in 2009 and 2010 after having been frozen during several years, and the judges legal fees were almost doubled in 2011 in order to upgrade their status. Najjar's tenure ended in June 2011, and was succeeded by Shakib Qortbawi as justice minister.
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Icaria (genus)
Enemy species
Icaria (genus) Enemy species An enemy of Icaria is the Vespa deusta, which will invade and rob Icaria nests.
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Iceland at the 2012 European Athletics Championships
Iceland at the 2012 European Athletics Championships Iceland competed at the 2012 European Athletics Championships held in Helsinki, Finland, from 27 June to 1 July 2012.
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Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
Background
Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 Background Prior to the 2015 Contest, Iceland had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest twenty-seven times since its first entry in 1986. Iceland's best placing in the contest to this point was second, which it achieved on two occasions: in 1999 with the song "All Out of Luck" performed by Selma and in 2009 with the song "Is It True?" performed by Yohanna. Since the introduction of a semi-final to the format of the Eurovision Song Contest in 2004, Iceland has, to this point, only failed to qualify to the final three times.
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Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
Background & Before Eurovision
The nation has thus far managed to qualify to the final every year since 2008. In 2014, the band Pollapönk, performing the song "No Prejudice", placed the nation fifteenth in the final. The Icelandic national broadcaster, Ríkisútvarpið (RÚV), broadcasts the event within Iceland and organises the selection process for the nation's entry. Since 2006, Iceland has used a national final to select their entry for the Eurovision Song Contest, a method that continued for their 2015 participation. Before Eurovision RÚV confirmed their intentions to participate at the 2016 Eurovision Song Contest on 21 May 2014. On 26 September 2014, the
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Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
Before Eurovision & Söngvakeppnin 2015 & Format
broadcaster revealed details regarding their selection procedure and announced the organization of Söngvakeppnin 2015. Söngvakeppnin 2015 Söngvakeppnin 2015 was the national final format developed by RÚV in order to select Iceland's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2015. Format Twelve songs in total competed in Söngvakeppnin 2015 where the winner was determined after two semi-finals and a final. Six songs competed in each semi-final on 31 January 2015 and 7 February 2015. The top three songs from each semi-final, as determined by public televoting, and one jury wildcard selected from the remaining entries qualified to the final which took place
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Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
Format & At Eurovision
on 14 February 2015. The winning entry in the final was determined over two rounds of voting: the first to select the top two via 50/50 public televoting and jury voting and the second to determine the winner with 100% televoting. Both the semi-finals and the final were held at the Háskólabíó venue in Reykjavík, hosted by Ragnhildur Steinunn Jónsdóttir, Guðrún Dís Emilsdóttir and Salka Sól Eyfeld. At Eurovision According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big 5" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one
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Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
At Eurovision
of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final progress to the final. In the 2015 contest, Australia also competed directly in the final as an invited guest nation. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) split up the competing countries into five different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests, with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot. On 26 January 2015, a special allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals, as well as which half of the show they would perform
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Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
At Eurovision
in. Iceland was placed into the second semi-final, to be held on 21 May 2015, and was scheduled to perform in the second half of the show. Once all the competing songs for the 2015 contest had been released, the running order for the semi-finals was decided by the shows' producers rather than through another draw, so that similar songs were not placed next to each other. Iceland was set to perform in position 12, following the entry from Azerbaijan and before the entry from Sweden. All three shows were broadcast in Iceland on RÚV and Rás 2 with commentary by Felix
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Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
At Eurovision & Semi-final
Bergsson. The Icelandic spokesperson, who announced the Icelandic votes during the final, was Sigríður Halldórsdóttir. Semi-final María Ólafs took part in technical rehearsals on 14 and 16 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 20 and 21 May. This included the jury final where professional juries of each country, responsible for 50 percent of each country's vote, watched and voted on the competing entries. The stage show featured María Ólafs in a champagne-rose tutu dress with golden particles on its upper part designed by Sunna Dögg Ásgeirsdóttir. To the side of María were five backing vocalists dressed in dark blue and black
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Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
Semi-final
outfits. Selma Björnsdóttir, who represented Iceland in the contest in 1999 and 2005, choreographed María Ólafs' movement routine on stage. The background LED screens displayed scenic images of the Northern lights and shooting stars. Jonatan Gardarsson, the head of the Icelandic delegation, commented in regards to the performance: "The stage performance is based on what Maria is singing about followed by Nordic lights in the background. As you have already seen she has golden feet and the floor will turn gold at some point. It will look like a sun rising after those dark moments." On stage, María Ólafs
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60
Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
Semi-final & Voting
was joined by five backing vocalists: Friðrik Dór, Ásgeir Orri Ásgeirsson, Alma Rut Kristinsdóttir, Íris Hólm Jónsdóttir and previous 2010 Icelandic Eurovision entrant Hera Björk Þórhallsdóttir. At the end of the show, Iceland failed to qualify to the final and was not announced among the top ten nations. This was the fourth time Iceland had failed to qualify to the final since 2004; the last time Iceland did not qualify was in 2007. It was later revealed that Iceland placed fifteenth in the semi-final, receiving a total of 14 points. Voting Voting during the three shows consisted of 50 percent public
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Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
Voting
televoting and 50 percent from a jury deliberation. The jury consisted of five music industry professionals who were citizens of the country they represent, with their names published before the contest to ensure transparency. This jury was asked to judge each contestant based on: vocal capacity; the stage performance; the song's composition and originality; and the overall impression by the act. In addition, no member of a national jury could be related in any way to any of the competing acts in such a way that they cannot vote impartially and independently. The individual rankings of each jury member were
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Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
Voting
released shortly after the grand final. Following the release of the full split voting by the EBU after the conclusion of the competition, it was revealed that Iceland had placed fourteenth with the public televote and fifteenth with the jury vote in the second semi-final. In the public vote, Iceland scored 21 points, while with the jury vote, Iceland scored 15 points. Below is a breakdown of points awarded to Iceland and awarded by Iceland in the second semi-final and grand final of the contest, and the breakdown of the jury voting and televoting conducted during the two shows:
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Ida'an language
Varieties
Ida'an language Varieties Lobel (2016) lists Sungai Seguliud and Begak as Idaanic languages (language varieties closely related to Ida'an proper). The Begak dialect is threatened with extinction, as younger speakers are switching to Malay.
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2,511
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2
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10
559
Idaho Department of Commerce
Organization & Tourism Development Division
Idaho Department of Commerce Organization The Department consists of five divisions: marketing; tourism development; international business; commercial innovation; and economic development. Tourism Development Division The Tourism Division builds the economy by promoting Idaho as a visitor destination on a national and international level. The division uses strategic marketing and public relations to create awareness of Idaho's attractions and foster sustainable growth. The division also supports local non-profit and regional tourism development organizations through a competitive marketing grant program. Workshops, training, blogs, co-op marketing opportunities and assistance with marketing and public relations efforts are available to all tourism suppliers in Idaho.
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141
Idaho Department of Commerce
Tourism Development Division & Industries
The $1.3 billion tourism industry plays a vital part in Idaho's economy by providing over 41,600 direct jobs which generate almost $500 million in local, state, and federal tax revenues. The Tourism Division hosts the Idaho Conference on Recreation and Tourism in early May each year. The conference brings together tourism industry members from the private and public sectors with experts in the areas of marketing/promotion, social networking, public relations, technology and public land management for an educational exchange. Industries Idaho's diverse economy holds opportunities for a wide variety of businesses. Their unique assets have helped traditional industries prosper
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Idaho Department of Commerce
Industries & Renewable energy & Recreational technology
and attract new industries looking to take advantage of Idaho's business climate. Renewable energy Idaho is a perfect testing ground for renewable energy technologies, and already alternative energy manufacturing companies are moving in to tap Idaho's business climate. Idaho is home to many companies and university research institutions focused on additional research areas such as fuel cells, low-power batteries, electric car technologies, kinetic energy capture, biomass, and new alternative fuels. Recreational technology Abundant recreational opportunities make Idaho a potential market for any business in the Recreational Technology industry. From the emerald green hillsides, timbered mountains and pristine lakes of
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2,511
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26
233
Idaho Department of Commerce
Recreational technology & Tourism
the panhandle, to the jagged peaks of central Idaho, all the way down to the Snake River Basin with its wide open vistas and irrigated farm lands, the Gem State can provide companies with the right environment to help their businesses thrive. In addition, Idaho's diverse landscape is a prime research ground for companies to test their products in the environments where they would be used. Tourism Idaho acts as a primarily leisure-travel state, most visitors to Idaho visit friends and family, along with experiencing the outdoors, touring and attending a special event. Building Idaho's economy by increasing visitor expenditures
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26
937
Idaho Department of Commerce
Tourism
throughout the state is the goal of Idaho Department of Commerce's Tourism Development Division. The division's activities are funded by a two percent lodging tax, paid by travelers and collected by the state's hotel, motel and private campground owners. Tax collections have grown to over $9 million annually. Forty-five percent of the funds are used for statewide programs targeted to international and domestic consumers, tour operators, travel agents, travel journalists, and film industry marketing. Another forty-five percent is distributed to non-profit local and regional tourism development organizations through the Idaho Regional Travel and Convention Grant Program. The remaining ten percent
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2,511
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26
1,163
Idaho Department of Commerce
Tourism
is used for administration of the division. According to the US Travel Association, Idaho's $1.3 billion tourism industry employs over 41,600 Idahoans and generated over $411 million in local, state, and federal tax revenues.
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Idaho Legislative District 20
Idaho Legislative District 20 Idaho Legislative District 20 is one of 35 districts of the Idaho Legislature. It is currently represented by Chuck Winder, Republican of Boise, Joe Palmer, Republican of Meridian, and James Holtzclaw, Republican of Meridian.
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2,513
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Idaho Northern and Pacific Railroad
Idaho Northern and Pacific Railroad The Idaho Northern and Pacific Railroad (reporting mark: INPR) is a small railroad in southwestern Idaho and eastern Oregon in the United States. It operates on about 210 miles of former Union Pacific branch lines, and is a subsidiary of the Rio Grande Pacific Corp., based in Fort Worth, Texas. Idaho Northern and Pacific's offices are in Emmett, Idaho. As of 2006, the INPR operated three separate sections of track, one running from La Grande to Elgin, Oregon, connecting at Elgin with another former UP rail line now owned by Wallowa County – which continues
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2,513
Q5987396
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1,169
Idaho Northern and Pacific Railroad
to Joseph, Oregon – and the other running from Payette through Emmett and then into the canyon of the North Fork of the Payette River northward to Cascade. This section, considered the most scenic stretch of the INPR, previously continued to the former logging community of McCall, now a lakeside resort town, but that stretch has been abandoned. Both the Oregon portion and the Payette River line originally were built as logging lines serving lumber mills, but in the last two decades of the 20th century many of the mills were shuttered due to a decline in logging and lumber processing
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2,513
Q5987396
4
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4
1,813
Idaho Northern and Pacific Railroad
in much of the Pacific Northwest. As of 2012, the Idaho Northern and Pacific still served Boise Cascade mills in Elgin, Island City and La Grande, Oregon. INPR formerly operated an ex-UP spur connecting Boise with the Union Pacific main line at Nampa. However, the Boise Valley Railroad took over operation in 2009, possibly as a result of the post-housing boom recession. From 1998 until 2015, the INPR operated the Thunder Mountain Line, a tourist railroad between Horseshoe Bend and Cascade. The Thunder Mountain Line offered scenic tours, dinner trains and "river and rail" trips along the Payette River that allowed people
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Q5987396
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4
1,886
Idaho Northern and Pacific Railroad
to ride a train north and return southward by river raft on the Payette.
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Ideal machine
Ideal machine The term ideal machine refers to a hypothetical mechanical system in which energy and power are not lost or dissipated through friction, deformation, wear, or other inefficiencies. Ideal machines have the theoretical maximum performance, and therefore are used as a baseline for evaluating the performance of real machine systems. A simple machine, such as a lever, pulley, or gear train, is "ideal" if the power input is equal to the power output of the device, which means there are no losses. In this case, the mechanical efficiency is 100%. Mechanical efficiency is the performance of
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8
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Ideal machine
Criteria
the machine compared to its theoretical maximum as performed by an ideal machine. The mechanical efficiency of a simple machine is calculated by dividing the actual power output by the ideal power output. This is usually expressed as a percentage. Power loss in a real system can occur in many ways, such as through friction, deformation, wear, heat losses, incomplete chemical conversion, magnetic and electrical losses. Criteria A machine consists of a power source and a mechanism for the controlled use of this power. The power source often relies on chemical conversion to generate heat which
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Ideal machine
Criteria
is then used to generate power. Each stage of the process of power generation has a maximum performance limit which is identified as ideal. Once the power is generated the mechanism components of the machine direct it toward useful forces and movement. The ideal mechanism does not absorb any power, which means the power input is equal to the power output. An example is the automobile engine (internal combustion engine) which burns fuel (an exothermic chemical reaction) inside a cylinder and uses the expanding gases to drive a piston. The movement of the piston rotates the crank shaft.
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Ideal machine
Criteria
The remaining mechanical components such as the transmission, drive shaft, differential, axles and wheels form the power transmission mechanism that directs the power from the engine into friction forces on the road to move the automobile. The ideal machine has the maximum energy conversion performance combined with a lossless power transmission mechanism that yields maximum performance.
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Idlib Martyrs' Brigade
History
Idlib Martyrs' Brigade History The group was based in Idlib Governorate and was primarily concerned with trying to expel government forces from the governorate, with the Idlib Martyrs' Brigade claiming that they, and not the better equipped Free Syrian Army, are doing the majority of the fighting in Idlib province. The brigade only appears to be active in Idlib province. One of the group's primary problems was the fact that it was incredibly difficult for it to secure weapons and ammunition. This in turn severely hampered its recruitment and its ability to carry out attacks on Syrian government forces. The group
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Idlib Martyrs' Brigade
History
has claimed that up to 7,100 people were ready to join the group but were prevented from doing so due to lack of weaponry and equipment. This shortage resulted in the group placing greater emphasis on roadside bombings using cheaper, homemade bombs, to fight the government. The group also refused to abide by the Kofi Annan brokered ceasefire with Haitham Qudeimati, the group's spokesman, stating that any lull in the fighting on their part would only be due to a lack of weaponry. On 5 November 2012, the head of the Idlib Martyrs' Brigade, Basil Eissa, along with at least 20 other
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Idlib Martyrs' Brigade
History
rebels were killed in an airstrike by the Syrian Air Force. On 9 December 2013, the Idlib Martyrs' Brigade alongside 13 other rebel groups formed the Syrian Revolutionaries Front. In September 2014 conflict erupted between the SRF and the al-Nusra Front in the Idlib Governorate. A number of fighters from the Idlib Martyrs' Brigade were killed in the fighting.
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If—
Publication & Text
If— Publication "If—" first appeared in the "Brother Square Toes" chapter of the book Rewards and Fairies, a collection of Kipling's poetry and short-story fiction, published in 1910. In his posthumously published autobiography, Something of Myself (1937), Kipling said that, in writing the poem, he was inspired by the character of Leander Starr Jameson, leader of the failed Jameson Raid against the Transvaal Republic to overthrow the Boer Government of Paul Kruger. The failure of that mercenary coup d’état aggravated the political tensions between Great Britain and the Boers, which led to the Second Boer War (1899–1902). Text If you
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If—
Text
can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you, If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, But make allowance for their doubting too; If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, Or being lied about, don't deal in lies, Or being hated, don't give way to hating, And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise: If you can dream - and not make dreams your master; If you can think - and not make thoughts your aim; If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster And treat those two impostors just the same; If you can bear
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If—
Text
to hear the truth you've spoken Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools, Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken, And stoop and build 'em up with worn-out tools: If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss, And lose, and start again at your beginnings And never breathe a word about your loss[es]; If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew To serve your [or our] turn long after they are gone, And so hold on [to it] when there is nothing in you Except the Will which says to them: 'Hold
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If—
Text & Reception
on!' If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, ' Or walk with Kings - nor lose the common touch, if neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you, If all men count [on you,] with you, but none too much; If you can fill the unforgiving minute With sixty seconds' worth of distance run, Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it, And - which is more - you'll be a Man, my son! Reception As an evocation of Victorian-era stoicism—the "stiff upper lip" self-discipline, which popular culture rendered into a British national virtue and character trait, "If—" remains a cultural touchstone. The British
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If—
Reception
cultural-artefact status of the poem is evidenced by the parodies of the poem, and by its popularity among Britons. T. S. Eliot included the poem in his 1941 collection A Choice of Kipling's Verse. In India, a framed copy of the poem was affixed to the wall before the study desk in the cabins of the officer cadets at the National Defence Academy at Pune, and Indian Naval Academy at Ezhimala. In Britain, the third and fourth lines of the second stanza of the poem: "If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster / and treat those two impostors just the same" are
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If—
Reception & In popular culture
written on the wall of the players' entrance to the Centre Court at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, where the Wimbledon Championships are held. (These same lines appear at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, New York, where the US Open was played.) The first verse is set, in granite setts, into the pavement of the promenade in Westward Ho! in Devon. The Indian writer Khushwant Singh considered the poem "the essence of the message of The Gita in English." In popular culture In 1914 the New Zealand School Journal published the poem without asking
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If—
In popular culture
permission following the outbreak of World War I. The Education Department wrote to the publishers and offered to pay a "reasonable fee". Kipling, who routinely turned down requests to publish "If—", asked for £50 to settle the matter. The Solicitor-General said that the Crown was not bound by the New Zealand Copyright Act of 1913, and could reprint the whole of Kipling's works if it chose. There is a classical translation in French by André Maurois, who was an interpreter with the British Army during the First World War. It was published in Les silences du colonel Bramble (1921), chap. XIV
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If—
In popular culture
(Collection Poche, pp. 93s.). In Portuguese, the most widely-circulated translation is by Félix Bermudes. On 21 September 1938 the Czech journal Přítomnost published the poem in the place of editorial (as a reaction on the situation before the Munich dictate). The cab driver character Alex (Judd Hirsch) begins the poem and it is finished by the unlikely character Jim (Christopher Lloyd) in season 2 episode 22 of the television show Taxi. In Apocalypse Now, when the photojournalist played by Dennis Hopper meets Capt Willard, played by Martin Sheen, he spouts a few lines of the first stanza during his drug-fueled, frenzied greeting while trying
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If—
In popular culture
to relay how much he admires Colonel Kurtz. In The Simpsons, Grandpa Simpson quotes an abbreviated portion in "Old Money" as justification to betting all the winnings of a recent inheritance at roulette. Reebok produced a shoe commercial in 1993 featuring Basketball Hall of Famers Wilt Chamberlain, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Bill Russell, Willis Reed, Bill Walton, and John Wooden reciting "If—" to then-NBA rookie Shaquille O'Neal. The book by David Weber “March Upcountry” references this poem. (2001) The fictional character Bridget Jones is powerfully struck by "If—": "Poem is good. Very good, almost like self-help book". Brand New adapted part of the second stanza of the
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If—
In popular culture
poem for the lyrics of their 2006 song "Sowing Season". The poem was adapted and performed as a song by Joni Mitchell on her 2007 album Shine. The first lines of the poem are used as a password in the 2015 film Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation. In 2016, the Boston Red Sox used the poem in a short video tribute to retiring player David Ortiz, narrated by Kevin Spacey. Tennis player Serena Williams recited a version of the poem for International Women’s Day 2017, substituting 'woman' for 'man'. In July 2018 students of Manchester University defaced a mural with the poem written on it,
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If—
In popular culture
and replaced it with Still I Rise by Maya Angelou, saying that Kipling "dehumanised people of colour".
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Iffat Miraj Awan
Early life and education & Political career
Iffat Miraj Awan Early life and education Awan was born on 15 October 1971 in Jaranwala. She graduated from University of the Punjab in 1995 and has the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Political career She was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) from Constituency PP-53 (Faisalabad-III) in 2013 Pakistani general election. He received 44,754 votes and defeated Malik Zafar Iqbal Khokhar, a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI).
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Ihwagi
Neighbourhoods & Maumau
Ihwagi Neighbourhoods It covers such areas as the trading center, Gitige,Kiambaa, Gathima,Kamugoiri,kiawaiguru, Kihururu , Kirima among others. Its neighboring areas are: Miiri, Gatura, Kiamwangi, Ihwagi, Kiragati, Itundu, Thenge-ini, Kariki, Kangocho,Kiaritha-ini, Kiaruhiu, Giakaibei, Ndumanu, Giti-maini, Gikumbo, Gathehu, Gaikuyu, Kanjurri, Karura,Ragati, Kiamucheru Maumau The area has a long history being the center of Mau Mau activities during the freedom struggles: Some of the Mau Mau freedom fighters and operatives from this area include: Njogu Guandaru, Rukanga Kanyoro, Ngatia Kanake, Thimbui Guandaru,Munyua Mathenge,Kanja Mathenge, Githinji Muhato, Munyaga Meru, Mumbi Thoithi,Betha Gichanga,Wanjiru Kanake, Gathigia Muchiri, Njoka Kanake, Wangu Ngatia,Kihara Mathenge,Gachie Kiragu, Mwarari Kimaru among many
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Ihwagi
Maumau & Shopping center
others°. A trench, locally known as Mukaro wa Gumba, believed to have been dug by Gumba and Athi people can be found in the area at James Muchunu’s farm. Shopping center The shopping center has a number of businesses including: several food stores, general shops, hardware stores, agrovets, Mobile Money transfer agencies, barber shops popularly known as Kinyozi, chemists, kerosene and petrol pump stations, L.P. gas refill points, pubs including the famous Hague Bar and Restaurant,CCF among others, there are several Medical clinics and a county managed dispensary located at Ihwagi ACK Church. There is an open air market
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Ihwagi
Shopping center & Other activities
which mostly operates in the evenings. Other activities There are several churches such as: Ihwagi Catholic Church, Ihwagi PCEA, PEFA, Full Gospel Church, Independent Church,Antioch Baptist among others. It is home to Ihwagi primary school which is currently undergoing a facelift courtesy of Okoa Ihwagi Primary school, a group of former students and friends of the school. Ihwagi Secondary is hosted by Ihwagi Primary. Other schools in the area include: Highway academy and Waithanji’s. The area is agriculturally rich, famous for horticulture (cabbage, French beans, tomatoes among others) cash crop farming – tea and coffee, dairy farming , small
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Ihwagi
Other activities & Features & Beauty and culture
scale fish farming, poultry keeping and bee keeping. Superior water, a popular mineral water brand is sourced from Kihururu springs, located one and half kilometers from the trading center. Features Ragati River, a tributary of Tana River passes near the area; it is the main source of water for Ihwagi and surrounding areas. Kamugoiri stream located eastern side of Ihwagi trading center also provides the people of Ihwagi with water. The road infrastructure in the area is average with the main road being the bitumen level Karatina- Kagochi , others include Ihwagi –Karura, Ihwagi -Gatondo and paths serving the neighborhoods. Beauty
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Ihwagi
Beauty and culture & News
and culture The area is evergreen, with coffee and tea farms, though shrinking, spread all over especially at Kirima, Kihururu, Kamugoiri and Gathima; cabbage, tomatoes, French beans, maize, beans and some other crops in the farms allover also add to the beauty. There area has lots of trees too, both exotic and indigenous. There are several Mugumo trees (rare features in the country) in the area, one of them is found at Gitige farm. News https://www.nation.co.ke/counties/nyeri/Hague-Pub-Nyeri-Ihwagi/1954190-2480244-o7cwss/index.html https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/1144014629/police-declares-war-on-mungiki-and-vigilantes https://www.sde.co.ke/thenairobian/article/2000158661/carjacking-couple-arrested-in-nyeri http://www.mediamaxnetwork.co.ke/393224/aciari-thukuru-wa-muthingi-wa-ihwagi-kaunti-ini-ya-nyeri-kurungana-makienda-murutani-munene-ahamurithio/ https://www.karu.ac.ke/index.php/news-events/archived-news/86-girls-mentorship-in-mathira-east-sub-county
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Ikuno-ku, Osaka
Living
Ikuno-ku, Osaka Ikuno-ku (生野区) is one of 24 wards of Osaka, Japan. The Tsuruhashi (鶴橋) area of Ikuno-ku is well known for the large number of Koreans, particularly Korean-Japanese citizens (Zainichi Korean) living there, as well as for its large number of yakiniku (Korean-style barbecue) restaurants. Many families from Korea have lived in the Tsuruhashi district for three generations or more. Ikuno-ku is located in the southeastern part of Osaka City, and is adjacent to Higashiosaka City in the east, Higashinari-ku of Osaka City in the north, Tennoji-ku in the west, and Abeno-ku, Higashisumiyoshi-ku and Hirano-ku in the south. Living
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Ikuno-ku, Osaka
Living
Ikuno-ku is a typical town of small businesses from the pre-World War II period. Although the dense concentration of houses, factories and shops along narrow streets is a fire hazard, traditionally close human relationships contribute to an active local community. The narrow streets require substantial redevelopment. The completion of the Expressway Namba-Katae Line is eagerly awaited, as there are few east-west avenues. Inside Ikuno-ku run JR Loop Line, Kintetsu Nara and Osaka Lines, as well as Subway Sennichimae Line, but none of them go through central Ikuno. The extension of Subway No.8 Line is strongly desired to provide the district
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Ikuno-ku, Osaka
Living
citizens with railway transportation for everyday life. Many projects are currently underway to develop the district into a comfortable residential area well balanced with its commercial and industrial functions. In southern Ikuno new apartment houses are being built for original residents, as well as many town squares. Construction of urban roads and parks is also planned. Residents of the Tsuruhashi area organized the New Town Development Committee, which was followed by the establishment of the New Tsuruhashi Redevelopment Association, both serving as a stimulus for residents-oriented town development.
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Il... Belpaese
Plot
Il... Belpaese Plot Guido Berardinelli is an unfortunate tanker man, returned to Italy after eight years of work on an oil platform in Persian gulf. Guido doesn't knows nothing of the social movement in Italy of the '70s, especially in Milan, and so when arrives, he discovers that his "beautiful country" (BelpaesE) is a total disaster! However, Guido tries to live within the law, opening a watch store, but he is constantly being targeted by the Mafia...
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Il regalo più grande
Background & Music video
Il regalo più grande Background As the fifth track on Alla Mia Età, "Il Regalo Più Grande" was composed by Ferro in 2004 with the title "Il Più Grande Regalo". According to Ferro's 2010 autobiography Trent'anni e Una Chiacchierata con Papà, the songwriter revealed that the song was originally supposed to be present in the track list of his third studio album, Nessuno è solo (2006). Music video The music video for "Il Regalo Più Grande" was filmed in New York City on December 2008, and was directed by Gaetano Morbioli. A preview of the music video was broadcast on
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Il regalo più grande
Music video
January 22, 2009 through Italy's Fox Life TV channel. The music video for "Il Regalo Più Grande" focuses on the concept of presenting gifts to loved ones, not necessarily the type of gifts that can be bought in a store, but rather, the universe of feelings and gestures of love towards loved ones are what are referred to in the video as being "the greatest gifts". The video won the award for 'Music Video of the Year, Male Artist Category' at the 2009 Premio Videoclip Italiano awards ceremony. Among the performers in the music video is young actor Michael Rainey
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Il regalo più grande
Music video
Jr., who, thanks to his participation in the video, was noted by Italian actor and director Silvio Muccino, who personally chose him to be one of the protagonists of his film Un Altro Mondo (2010). A music video to promote "El Regalo Más Grande" in Latin America was also put together with footage from "Il Regalo Più Grande", but featured added scenes of Anahí and Dulce María of RBD performing the song. To promote "El Regalo Más Grande" in Spain, another version of the video was made including added scenes of Amaia Montero filmed in Madrid, and was released in May
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Il regalo più grande
Music video
2009.
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Ila Majumder
Early life and career
Ila Majumder Early life and career Majumder had been taught on music by her future husband Barin Mazumder since 1954. She completed her master's in Philosophy in 1961. She had served as a teacher in the Willes Little Flower School during 1981–2003. She also served as a part-time teacher in the National Music College for 15 years. Majumder was the mother of musician Bappa Mazumder, music composer Partha Sharothi Mojumdar and mime artist Partha Pratim Majumder.
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Ilanga gotoi
Original description & Distribution
Ilanga gotoi Original description The length of the shell varies between 7 mm and 19 mm. (of Microgaza gotoi Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006) Poppe G.T., Tagaro S.P. & Dekker H. (2006) The Seguenziidae, Chilodontidae, Trochidae, Calliostomatidae and Solariellidae of the Philippine Islands. Visaya Supplement 2: 1-228. page(s): 130. Distribution This marine species occurs off the Philippines.
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Ilanga illustris
Distribution
Ilanga illustris Distribution This marine species occurs in the Red Sea at depths between 212 m and 700 m.
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Ilie Antonescu
Ilie Antonescu Ilie Antonescu (born 1894, died 1974) was a Major General of the Romanian Armed Forces during World War II. He became a Commanding Officer 6th Calarasi Cavalry Regiment in 1941, and moved to the 55th Exploration Group and then to the 6th Calarasi Cavalry Regiment that year. In 1942, he served as the Romanian Liaison Officer to Army Group South, the Chief 4th Section forward echelons General Headquarter, and the Chief of Staff 5th Corps Area. He was Deputy General Officer Commanding 5th Cavalry Division in 1943, and in 1944 became General Officer Commanding 5th Training Cavalry Division, then
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Ilie Antonescu
General Officer Commanding 5th Cavalry Division, and finally Assistant Inspector-General of Cavalry. He became a General Officer Commanding 9th Cavalry Division in 1944, and spent 1945 - 1948 in reserve. Antonescu retired in 1948.
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Illabot Creek
Illabot Creek Illabot Creek is a designated National Wild and Scenic River in Northern Washington which provides a spawning and rearing habitat for summer and fall chinook, coho, chum and pink salmon; as well as steelhead and bull trout. The creek is in the Skagit River watershed. Puget Sound Chinook, steelhead and bull trout are listed under the Endangered Species Act. Illabot Creek also supports the highest density of chum and pink salmon in the Skagit River watershed. The creek area also provides habitat for wintering bald eagles that are attracted to the salmon, part of one of the largest
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Illabot Creek
concentration of wintering bald eagles in the continental United States. The creek is generally managed by the U.S. Forest Service, Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest with a protected length of 14.3 miles (23.0 km) and as a reported area of 2.15 square miles (5.6 km²). A 2018 project invested $4.4 million in restoration of fish habitat along the creek. The National Wild and Scenic Rivers protection was authorized by Congress in December 2014. Illabot Creek begins at the 7,500 feet elevation in the Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest and enters the Skagit River in Rockport, Washington. 262 acres (106 ha) of property around the creek
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Illabot Creek
was acquired in 2017 by The Nature Conservancy and placed in the Skagit Land Trust.
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Illinois–Missouri League
Illinois–Missouri League The Illinois–Missouri League was an American minor league baseball league. It began operations in 1908, and continued through 1914.