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{"datasets_id": 449, "wiki_id": "Q8676", "sp": 174, "sc": 458, "ep": 174, "ec": 1096} | 449 | Q8676 | 174 | 458 | 174 | 1,096 | American Civil War | Battlefield preservation | William B. Hazen's brigade to mark the spot where they buried their dead in the Battle of Stones River. In the 1890s, the United States government established five Civil War battlefield parks under the jurisdiction of the War Department, beginning with the creation of the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park in Tennessee and the Antietam National Battlefield in Maryland in 1890. The Shiloh National Military Park was established in 1894, followed by the Gettysburg National Military Park in 1895 and Vicksburg National Military Park in 1899. In 1933, these five parks and other national monuments were transferred to the |
{"datasets_id": 449, "wiki_id": "Q8676", "sp": 174, "sc": 1096, "ep": 174, "ec": 1771} | 449 | Q8676 | 174 | 1,096 | 174 | 1,771 | American Civil War | Battlefield preservation | jurisdiction of the National Park Service.
The modern Civil War battlefield preservation movement began in 1987 with the founding of the Association for the Preservation of Civil War Sites (APCWS), a grassroots organization created by Civil War historians and others to preserve battlefield land by acquiring it. In 1991, the original Civil War Trust was created in the mold of the Statue of Liberty/Ellis Island Foundation, but failed to attract corporate donors and soon helped manage the disbursement of U.S. Mint Civil War commemorative coin revenues designated for battlefield preservation. Although the two non-profit organizations joined forces on a number of |
{"datasets_id": 449, "wiki_id": "Q8676", "sp": 174, "sc": 1771, "ep": 174, "ec": 2428} | 449 | Q8676 | 174 | 1,771 | 174 | 2,428 | American Civil War | Battlefield preservation | battlefield acquisitions, ongoing conflicts prompted the boards of both organizations to facilitate a merger, which happened in 1999 with the creation of the Civil War Preservation Trust. In 2011, the organization was renamed, again becoming the Civil War Trust. After expanding its mission in 2014 to include battlefields of the Revolutionary War and War of 1812, the non-profit became the American Battlefield Trust in May 2018, operating with two divisions, the Civil War Trust and the Revolutionary War Trust. From 1987 through May 2018, the Trust and its predecessor organizations, along with their partners, preserved 49,893 acres of battlefield land |
{"datasets_id": 449, "wiki_id": "Q8676", "sp": 174, "sc": 2428, "ep": 178, "ec": 224} | 449 | Q8676 | 174 | 2,428 | 178 | 224 | American Civil War | Battlefield preservation & Civil War commemoration | through acquisition of property or conservation easements at more than 130 battlefields in 24 states.
The five major Civil War battlefield parks operated by the National Park Service (Gettysburg, Antietam, Shiloh, Chickamauga/Chattanooga and Vicksburg) had a combined 3.1 million visitors in 2018, down 70% from 10.2 million in 1970. Attendance at Gettysburg in 2018 was 950,000, a decline of 86% since 1970. Civil War commemoration The American Civil War has been commemorated in many capacities ranging from the reenactment of battles, to statues and memorial halls erected, to films being produced, to stamps and coins with Civil War themes being issued, |
{"datasets_id": 449, "wiki_id": "Q8676", "sp": 178, "sc": 224, "ep": 182, "ec": 128} | 449 | Q8676 | 178 | 224 | 182 | 128 | American Civil War | Civil War commemoration & Technological significance | all of which helped to shape public memory. This varied advent occurred in greater proportions on the 100th and 150th anniversary.
Hollywood's take on the war has been especially influential in shaping public memory, as seen in such film classics as Birth of a Nation (1915), Gone with the Wind (1939), and more recently Lincoln (2012). Ken Burns produced a notable PBS series on television titled The Civil War (1990). It was digitally remastered and re-released in 2015. Technological significance Numerous technological innovations during the Civil War had a great impact on 19th-century science. The Civil War was one of the |
{"datasets_id": 449, "wiki_id": "Q8676", "sp": 182, "sc": 128, "ep": 182, "ec": 756} | 449 | Q8676 | 182 | 128 | 182 | 756 | American Civil War | Technological significance | earliest examples of an "industrial war", in which technological might is used to achieve military supremacy in a war. New inventions, such as the train and telegraph, delivered soldiers, supplies and messages at a time when horses were considered to be the fastest way to travel. It was also in this war when countries first used aerial warfare, in the form of reconnaissance balloons, to a significant effect. It saw the first action involving steam-powered ironclad warships in naval warfare history. Repeating firearms such as the Henry rifle, Spencer rifle, Colt revolving rifle, Triplett & Scott carbine and others, first |
{"datasets_id": 449, "wiki_id": "Q8676", "sp": 182, "sc": 756, "ep": 182, "ec": 1015} | 449 | Q8676 | 182 | 756 | 182 | 1,015 | American Civil War | Technological significance | appeared during the Civil War; they were a revolutionary invention that would soon replace muzzle-loading and single-shot firearms in warfare, as well as the first appearances of rapid-firing weapons and machine guns such as the Agar gun and the Gatling gun. |
{"datasets_id": 450, "wiki_id": "Q4743415", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 598} | 450 | Q4743415 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 598 | American Classic Voyages | History | American Classic Voyages History American Classic acquired the Delta Queen Steamboat Company, operators of the famous river boat Delta Queen, along with their acquired subsidiary American Hawaii Cruises, who operated the cruise liners Independence and her sister Constitution, in 1993. In the mid 1990s American Classic was in good shape, with the paddle boats of the Delta Queen Steamboat Company often running at maximum passenger capacity, while the American Hawaii Cruises fleet ran at fairly large passenger capacity but had small MARAD repair loans unpaid. In 1996 Constitution, at 45 years of age, was in need of extensive |
{"datasets_id": 450, "wiki_id": "Q4743415", "sp": 6, "sc": 598, "ep": 6, "ec": 1220} | 450 | Q4743415 | 6 | 598 | 6 | 1,220 | American Classic Voyages | History | repairs. These repairs were not carried out, and the Constitution sank while under tow to a scrapyard on November 17, 1997, in over 10,000 feet of water. The wreck was unrecoverable, although insurance would cover her loss.
American Classic Voyages then purchased the Holland America Line cruise ship Nieuw Amsterdam and renamed her the Patriot to operate her in Hawaii beginning on December 9, 2000 under the brand name United States Lines, a revival of the original company which had ended operations in 1986. American Classic Voyages then bought the small coastal cruise ships Cape May Light and Cape Cod Light |
{"datasets_id": 450, "wiki_id": "Q4743415", "sp": 6, "sc": 1220, "ep": 10, "ec": 506} | 450 | Q4743415 | 6 | 1,220 | 10 | 506 | American Classic Voyages | History & Project America | in hopes of starting a new subsidiary company for these vessels called American Coastal Voyages. Project America The Patriot was reregistered in the United States by special act of Congress as a "stop gap" until a pair of new 72,000 ton cruise ships could be completed in an American shipyard. The decision to relaunch United States Lines was taken, due to the historic connotations of the brand name and the strong association of the American Hawaii brand with its aging ocean liners, being deemed unsuitable for the fresh, modern image American Classic Voyages hoped to create for their Hawaiian operations.
A |
{"datasets_id": 450, "wiki_id": "Q4743415", "sp": 10, "sc": 506, "ep": 14, "ec": 241} | 450 | Q4743415 | 10 | 506 | 14 | 241 | American Classic Voyages | Project America & Bankruptcy | contract was signed with the Litton-Ingalls yard in Mississippi for construction of the two new ships for United States Lines under the code name Project America. The US government contributed considerable support in the form of loan guarantees, tax credits and a construction mortgage from the Maritime Administration. American Classic Voyages planned to have put six vessels into service by 2004. Bankruptcy After the September 11 terrorist attacks caused a slump in the cruise industry, the company started losing large amounts of money. A month after the terrorist attacks, in October 2001, American Classic Voyages filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy |
{"datasets_id": 450, "wiki_id": "Q4743415", "sp": 14, "sc": 241, "ep": 18, "ec": 575} | 450 | Q4743415 | 14 | 241 | 18 | 575 | American Classic Voyages | Bankruptcy & Aftermath | protection, reporting assets of just over $37 million and liabilities of nearly $453 million. Aftermath The company released a statement on their website:
We believe this process will allow us to rebuild our business in the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks and continue our proud tradition as America’s cruise line.
United States Lines, Delta Queen Coastal Voyages, and American Hawaii Cruises immediately ceased operations. amcv.com was taken down by September 21, 2002.
The MS Patriot was laid up and eventually sold back to her original owner, Holland America Line, before being chartered to Louis Cruise Lines and being chartered again |
{"datasets_id": 450, "wiki_id": "Q4743415", "sp": 18, "sc": 575, "ep": 18, "ec": 1230} | 450 | Q4743415 | 18 | 575 | 18 | 1,230 | American Classic Voyages | Aftermath | to Thomson Holidays. The unfinished Project America hulls were later purchased for US$24 million and completed for Norwegian Cruise Line, the resulting ship being the Pride of America. Additional parts from the other mainly unfinished Project America hull were later refitted onto the Pride of Hawaii. Pride of America continues to sail Hawaiian cruises for NCL America, while Pride of Hawaii was eventually transferred to Norwegian Cruise Line as Norwegian Jade. After years of lay-up in California, the American Hawaii Cruises liner Independence was wrecked while under tow bound for the scrapyard, the remains are being broken up on site.
Cape |
{"datasets_id": 450, "wiki_id": "Q4743415", "sp": 18, "sc": 1230, "ep": 18, "ec": 1894} | 450 | Q4743415 | 18 | 1,230 | 18 | 1,894 | American Classic Voyages | Aftermath | May Light, performed cruises from April 2001 to October 2001 for Delta Queen Coastal Voyages prior to the bankruptcy, and her unfinished sister ship, Cape Cod Light, were repossessed by the shipyard and eventually sold to International Shipping Partners and renamed Sea Discoverer and Sea Voyager, but remained largely unused for years aside from a charter to the US government to house aid workers after the 2010 Haiti earthquake.
The original Delta Queen Steamboat Company division survived the bankruptcy of American Classic Voyages, being purchased by Delaware North Companies in 2002, along with three of its four riverboats (Delta Queen, Mississippi |
{"datasets_id": 450, "wiki_id": "Q4743415", "sp": 18, "sc": 1894, "ep": 18, "ec": 1922} | 450 | Q4743415 | 18 | 1,894 | 18 | 1,922 | American Classic Voyages | Aftermath | Queen, and American Queen.) |
{"datasets_id": 451, "wiki_id": "Q60749242", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 633} | 451 | Q60749242 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 633 | American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born | History | American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born History By 1922, groups to defend foreign born communists began to emerge locally, but a National Council for Protection of Foreign Born did not form until May 1926.
In 1933, Roger Nash Baldwin of the American Civil Liberties Union formed the American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born. The committee sought to defend rights of foreign born, especially radicals and Communist Party members, who went otherwise legally undefended. It pursued three avenues: litigation, legislation, and public education.
The US federal government determined that the committee worked closely with the International Labor Defense, legal |
{"datasets_id": 451, "wiki_id": "Q60749242", "sp": 6, "sc": 633, "ep": 6, "ec": 1347} | 451 | Q60749242 | 6 | 633 | 6 | 1,347 | American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born | History | arm of the Communist Party USA, in turn an arm of the Soviet-formed Communist International and thus supported Party (Soviet) policies.
In the 1930s, the committee campaigned for asylum rights for refugees of European fascism who faced deportation. After the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, the committee protected fighters against Francisco Franco who could not (re-)enter the United States legally, e.g., American members of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
During World War II, the committee joined the Popular Front in promoting national unity against fascism. It helped Japanese-Americans after internment. It successfully defended CPUSA leader William Schneiderman against cancelation of |
{"datasets_id": 451, "wiki_id": "Q60749242", "sp": 6, "sc": 1347, "ep": 6, "ec": 2038} | 451 | Q60749242 | 6 | 1,347 | 6 | 2,038 | American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born | History | his naturalization due to communist memberships. It defended Australian-born labor leader Harry Bridges.
During the early Cold War, the US federal government increased its efforts to deport foreign born trade unionists and Communists; it also attacked the committee itself. In June 1948, Attorney General Tom C. Clark added the committee to a Justice Department list of "subversive" organizations. The McCarran Internal Security Act of 1950 and the McCarran-Walter Immigration Act of 1952 targeted foreign born Communist Party members. In 1950, Attorney General Herbert Brownell Jr. asked the Subversive Activities Control Board to make the committee register as a Communist front. |
{"datasets_id": 451, "wiki_id": "Q60749242", "sp": 6, "sc": 2038, "ep": 6, "ec": 2672} | 451 | Q60749242 | 6 | 2,038 | 6 | 2,672 | American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born | History | In 1951, executive secretary, Abner Green went to imprisoned for six months for refusing to submit names of contributors. In January 1952, Carol Weiss King, general counsel, died.
From 1955 to 1957, the committee faced a charge of violating charitable laws. In 1957, a New York State Supreme Court ex parte injunction stopped the committee from all activities. The committee reformed as a charitable organization. Although also in 1957, the United States Supreme Court reversed deportation of Charles Rowoldt based on membership in the Communist Party, the committee gave up direct legal defense of foreign born to focus on |
{"datasets_id": 451, "wiki_id": "Q60749242", "sp": 6, "sc": 2672, "ep": 6, "ec": 3375} | 451 | Q60749242 | 6 | 2,672 | 6 | 3,375 | American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born | History | public opinion and legislation, e.g., revision or repeal of the McCarran-Walter Act.
In the 1960s, the committee focused on discrimination against Mexican immigrants and West Indian workers. It campaigned to establish a statute of limitation, to eliminate supervisory parole, and to defend the free speech and association of foreign born. Specific bills targeted included the Rodino Bill and the Field-Knorr Bill, "both of which proposed the establishment of sanctions against employers of 'illegal' aliens." The committee also defended political asylum for Haitians.
On April 26, 1965, the United States Supreme Court in American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born, Petitioner, |
{"datasets_id": 451, "wiki_id": "Q60749242", "sp": 6, "sc": 3375, "ep": 10, "ec": 257} | 451 | Q60749242 | 6 | 3,375 | 10 | 257 | American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born | History & People | v. Subversive Activities Control Board affirmed an order of the Subversive Activities Control Board requiring that the committee, represented by Joseph Forer, must register as a 'Communist-front' organization.
In 1977, the committee helped win right to public education for children of illegally immigrated parents.
In 1982, the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee absorbed the committee. People The committee had a small staff. Dwight C. Morgan served as executive secretary from 1933 to 1939. Abner Green succeeded him and served from 1941 to 1959. Carol Weiss King served as general counsel from 1942 to 1952; she also co-founded the International |
{"datasets_id": 451, "wiki_id": "Q60749242", "sp": 10, "sc": 257, "ep": 14, "ec": 545} | 451 | Q60749242 | 10 | 257 | 14 | 545 | American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born | People & Members | Juridical Association (IJA). Ira Gollobin served as associate counsel from 1936-1966 and then general counsel from 1967 to 1982. Members Members or individuals affiliated with the American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born included: Albert Einstein, Bela Lugosi, Rex Stout, Emily Balch, Donald Ogden Stewart, Joris Ivens, Edward G. Robinson, Jacob Ben Ami, Zlatko Balokovic, Bay Lev, Maurice Hindus, Emil Lengyel, Max Lerner, Ella Winter, Maxim Kopf, Pachita Crespi, Yasuo Kuniyoshi, Li Yu Ying, Bela Schick, Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Charles Collins, Hugo Ernst, Leo Krzycki, Michael Obermeier, Michael Quill, Ira DeA Reid, Vito Marcantonio, Canada Lee, William Rose Benet, Dr. |
{"datasets_id": 451, "wiki_id": "Q60749242", "sp": 14, "sc": 545, "ep": 14, "ec": 1237} | 451 | Q60749242 | 14 | 545 | 14 | 1,237 | American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born | Members | Aaron Bodansky, Irene Bordoni, Louis B. Boudin, Henrietta Buckmaster, Morris Carnovsky, Aaron Copland, Kyle Crichton, Joseph Curran, Henry Pratt Fairchild, Abram Flaxer, Langston Hughes, George Jessel, Emil Ludwig, Frederic March (and Florence Eldridge), Dudley Nichols, Olga Petrova, Arthur Upham Pope, Louis S. Posner, Adam Clayton Powell Jr., Elmer Rice, Paul Robeson, Doris Rosenthal, Lisa Sergio, Frank Tuttle, Orson Welles, Max Yergan, Blanche Yurka, William Zorach, James A. Baker, Hugh De Lacey, Leo Eloesser, Guy Endore, Edward L. Parsons, Reid Robinson, Maxwell S. Stewart, Theodore Dreiser, Mary McLeod Bethune, Franz Boas, Van Wyck Brooks, Thomas F. Ford, Frank P. Graham, Sidney |
{"datasets_id": 451, "wiki_id": "Q60749242", "sp": 14, "sc": 1237, "ep": 14, "ec": 1912} | 451 | Q60749242 | 14 | 1,237 | 14 | 1,912 | American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born | Members | Hillman, Rockwell Kent, Robert Morss Lovett, Sidney Lovett, Henry N. MacCracken, Francis J. McConnell, Culbert L. Olson, Max Radin, Walter Rautenstrauch, Rose Schneiderman, Guy Emery Shipler, Harry F. Ward, Mary E. Wooley, Pearl M. Hart, Carey Me Williams, Thomas Addis, Sophonisba Breckinridge, Henry Cohen, Stephen Fritchman, Aline Davis Hays, Carol King, Edgar A. Lowther, Lewis Merrill, Stanley Nowak, Max C. Putney, Adolph J. Sabath, George Seldes, Peter Shipka, Herman Shumlin, Curt Swinburne, Donald Henderson, Manuel Buaken, Frederick N. Myers, Frederick V. Field, Lewis Alan Berne, Joseph Cadden, Martha Dodd, Muriel Draper, Abram Flaxer, Alexander Meiklejohn, |
{"datasets_id": 451, "wiki_id": "Q60749242", "sp": 14, "sc": 1912, "ep": 14, "ec": 2108} | 451 | Q60749242 | 14 | 1,912 | 14 | 2,108 | American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born | Members | Genevieve Taggard, John B. Thompson, Oswald Garrison Villard, J. Raymond Walsh, Art Young, Louis Adamic, and James Waterman Wise.
Joseph Freeman (writer) a member, as wel Mady Christians. |
{"datasets_id": 452, "wiki_id": "Q4743601", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 568} | 452 | Q4743601 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 568 | American Dental Volunteers for Israel | History | American Dental Volunteers for Israel History Founded in 1972, by Dr. Robert S. Breakstone, ADVI was the first organization to establish a framework in which American dental professionals could volunteer their services in Israel. Its mission was to provide free high-level professional dental care for Israelis primarily on Kibbutzim. ADVI was set up after Dr. Breakstone first volunteered on Kibbutz Sha'ar HaAmakim in 1970. Upon returning to the USA he established ADVI, and was able to secure the cooperation of the emissary of the Kibbutz Aliyah Desk in New York City in placing hundreds of dentists who were |
{"datasets_id": 452, "wiki_id": "Q4743601", "sp": 6, "sc": 568, "ep": 6, "ec": 1198} | 452 | Q4743601 | 6 | 568 | 6 | 1,198 | American Dental Volunteers for Israel | History | prepared to offer their services for a minimum of two weeks each year in return for modest accommodations on a Kibbutz.
Eight years later in 1980, a parallel organization, Dental Volunteers for Israel (DVI)
was created to provide free dental services to poor children in Israeli urban settings. With Holocaust Survivor Trudi Birger at the helm, DVI founders established the free Jerusalem clinic, the sole remaining clinic in Israel where foreign dentists may legally volunteer.
ADVI slowly phased out in the late 1990s, in good part because of a feeling from the Ministry of Health that Israel was by |
{"datasets_id": 452, "wiki_id": "Q4743601", "sp": 6, "sc": 1198, "ep": 10, "ec": 144} | 452 | Q4743601 | 6 | 1,198 | 10 | 144 | American Dental Volunteers for Israel | History & Membership | then producing enough dentists to fill the country's needs. ADVI donated a large share of its remaining funds to DVI and a plaque was hung in the Trudi Birger Clinic to honor ADVI leaders: Dr Robert Breakstone (Founder and President from 1973-1983), Paul Jarmon (President from 1984-1993), and Robert E. Lewis (President from 1993-1997). Membership At its height ADVI was sending between 200 and 300 dentists a year to Israel, with an estimated 1500 dental volunteers throughout its existence. |
{"datasets_id": 453, "wiki_id": "Q55393585", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 552} | 453 | Q55393585 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 552 | American Epic: The Best of The Carter Family | Background | American Epic: The Best of The Carter Family Background During the pre-production of the American Epic films, film director Bernard MacMahon and producers and co-writers Duke Erikson and Allison McGourty created a series of compilation album releases exploring the music of some of the performers featured in the documentaries. MacMahon stated that “the Carter Family’s story is central to the whole notion of country music, and it has been told in many ways, but we were particularly interested in them because so much of early country music was recorded by male artists, and to us the Carter Family is very |
{"datasets_id": 453, "wiki_id": "Q55393585", "sp": 6, "sc": 552, "ep": 10, "ec": 138} | 453 | Q55393585 | 6 | 552 | 10 | 138 | American Epic: The Best of The Carter Family | Background & Compilation | much a female group.” MacMahon opened the film with the Carter Family’s story showing how they were one of the most important country acts discovered at the legendary Bristol Sessions in 1927. The Bristol recording sessions are widely regarded as “the Big Bang of country music.” A significant motivation for releasing the album was the sonic breakthrough that the American Epic film sound department had made in transferring and restoring the old shellac 78rpm discs for the film’s soundtrack. Compilation The album collects performances from the Carter Family's recording sessions for Victor Records and Bluebird Records between 1927 and 1933. |
{"datasets_id": 453, "wiki_id": "Q55393585", "sp": 10, "sc": 138, "ep": 10, "ec": 742} | 453 | Q55393585 | 10 | 138 | 10 | 742 | American Epic: The Best of The Carter Family | Compilation | It includes three of their first commercial recordings for Ralph Peer at the Bristol Sessions, “The Wandering Boy”, “The Poor Orphan Child” and “Bury Me Under the Weeping Willow”. It features songs about historical events like “Engine One-Forty-Three” about the train wreck of Chesapeake and Ohio Railway's Fast Flying Virginian near Hinton, West Virginia on 23 October 1890 and “John Hardy Was a Desperate Little Man” about the hanging of a railroad worker, John Hardy, on January 19, 1894 after he shot Thomas Drews over a dispute in a craps game in Keystone, West Virginia in 1893. The album includes |
{"datasets_id": 453, "wiki_id": "Q55393585", "sp": 10, "sc": 742, "ep": 10, "ec": 1366} | 453 | Q55393585 | 10 | 742 | 10 | 1,366 | American Epic: The Best of The Carter Family | Compilation | songs that would be covered by many subsequent acts and have become country music standards like “Wildwood Flower” and “Keep on The Sunny Side”. The compilation also contains religious songs in the band’s early repertoire like “When the World’s on Fire” along with blues numbers like “Worried Man Blues” as well as Appalachian ballads like “Lonesome Valley”, “The Foggy Mountain Top” and “Sweet Fern”. All the songs are credited as being written by A.P. Carter who searched for material on frequent song hunting trips throughout the Appalachians where he uncovered and adapted old folk songs, although Sara Carter stated in |
{"datasets_id": 453, "wiki_id": "Q55393585", "sp": 10, "sc": 1366, "ep": 14, "ec": 521} | 453 | Q55393585 | 10 | 1,366 | 14 | 521 | American Epic: The Best of The Carter Family | Compilation & Restoration | a 1978 interview that she and Maybelle Carter were also responsible for finding many of their early songs in their recorded repertoire. Restoration New sound restoration techniques developed for the American Epic film series were utilized to restore the fifteen recordings on the album. The 78rpm record transfers were made by sound engineer Nicholas Bergh using reverse engineering techniques garnered from working with the restored first electrical sound recording system from the 1920s in The American Epic Sessions. This was followed by meticulous sound restoration on these 1920s recordings, by sound engineers Peter Henderson and Joel Tefteller, to reveal greater |
{"datasets_id": 453, "wiki_id": "Q55393585", "sp": 14, "sc": 521, "ep": 18, "ec": 63} | 453 | Q55393585 | 14 | 521 | 18 | 63 | American Epic: The Best of The Carter Family | Restoration & Release | fidelity, presence, and clarity than had been heard before. Some of the recordings were repressed from the original metal parts, which the audio team located whilst researching the films. Henderson explained, "in some cases we were lucky enough to get some metal parts – that’s the originals where they were cut to wax and the metal was put into the grooves and the discs were printed from those back in the '20s. Some of those still exist – Sony had some of them in their vaults." Release The album was released on June 16, 2017, one month after the US |
{"datasets_id": 453, "wiki_id": "Q55393585", "sp": 18, "sc": 63, "ep": 22, "ec": 356} | 453 | Q55393585 | 18 | 63 | 22 | 356 | American Epic: The Best of The Carter Family | Release & Critical reception | broadcast of American Epic: The Big Bang, the first film in the American Epic series, which included the Carter Family’s story. The album was issued as a download by Sony Legacy and a vinyl LP by Third Man Records. Critical reception The album was described by The Village Voice as featuring “re-mastering I can only call profound. Performances you might think you knew sound as if you’ve never heard them before — never apprehended them.” Simon Cosyns in The Sun commented that the recordings were “in their best ever quality, in an operation likened to fine art restoration.” Ian Anderson |
{"datasets_id": 453, "wiki_id": "Q55393585", "sp": 22, "sc": 356, "ep": 22, "ec": 950} | 453 | Q55393585 | 22 | 356 | 22 | 950 | American Epic: The Best of The Carter Family | Critical reception | reviewing the work in fRoots added, “you haven’t really heard these tracks at all. Not like this. Forget bad dubs of worn-out 78s pressed on poor vinyl. The ‘reverse engineering’ transfers by Nicholas Bergh and subsequent restorations are so startlingly better, practically everything you will ever have experienced from this era can be discounted and CD is the best way to hear them. The clarity of group recordings where every instrument is well defined, and their instruments and voices suddenly sound real, will have you on the edge of your seat. And there’s none of that fog of 78 surface |
{"datasets_id": 453, "wiki_id": "Q55393585", "sp": 22, "sc": 950, "ep": 22, "ec": 1061} | 453 | Q55393585 | 22 | 950 | 22 | 1,061 | American Epic: The Best of The Carter Family | Critical reception | noise which many people find too much of a distraction: suddenly, legendary artists are in the room with you.” |
{"datasets_id": 454, "wiki_id": "Q4743877", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 659} | 454 | Q4743877 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 659 | American Gamelan Institute | American Gamelan Institute The American Gamelan Institute (AGI) is an organization devoted to promoting and documenting all forms of gamelan, the performing arts of Indonesia, and their international counterparts.
The Institute was founded in Berkeley, California in 1981; the office moved to New Hampshire in 1990. AGI publishes scores, recordings, monographs, translations and other material. AGI has an online library with a wide variety of monographs, collections of notation, and a font for the cipher notation commonly used for gamelan, called KepatihanPro. These materials may be freely downloaded for educational use. AGI maintains an extensive archive of notation and |
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{"datasets_id": 454, "wiki_id": "Q4743877", "sp": 4, "sc": 659, "ep": 4, "ec": 1317} | 454 | Q4743877 | 4 | 659 | 4 | 1,317 | American Gamelan Institute | scores for both new and traditional gamelan music, scholarly writings on gamelan, as well as audio and video recordings. Its founder and director is the composer and gamelan musician Jody Diamond. The organization's scope includes gamelan music as practiced in Indonesia as well as around the world. The journal Balungan was started in 1984 to encourage a dialog between artists and scholars involved in gamelan. Current and back issues of Balungan are on line, and many libraries have subscriptions. The sixteenth issue was printed in December 2010.
The Institute also has a podcast, called Gongcast and hosts directories
of gamelan groups |
|
{"datasets_id": 454, "wiki_id": "Q4743877", "sp": 4, "sc": 1317, "ep": 4, "ec": 1698} | 454 | Q4743877 | 4 | 1,317 | 4 | 1,698 | American Gamelan Institute | around the world. The directories for North America (Canada and the U.S.), are maintained by Barbara Benary.
In the early 1990s, AGI produced three gamelan festivals called "Planet Gamelan."
The American Gamelan Institute is the publisher of all gamelan works by the American composer Lou Harrison, who built gamelan instruments with his partner William Colvig. |
|
{"datasets_id": 455, "wiki_id": "Q14554266", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 533} | 455 | Q14554266 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 533 | American Idol (season 13) | Changes | American Idol (season 13) Changes There were a number of other major changes in the season, from the judges to the format of the show itself including the opening intro, which used the "Gyroscope 2.0". On May 9, 2013, Randy Jackson announced that he would no longer serve as a judge. On May 30, 2013, Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj also announced they would not return to the judging panel. On August 1, 2013, it was confirmed that Keith Urban would return as a judge for another season. Executive producers Nigel Lythgoe and Ken Warwick were succeeded by Per Blankens, |
{"datasets_id": 455, "wiki_id": "Q14554266", "sp": 6, "sc": 533, "ep": 6, "ec": 1121} | 455 | Q14554266 | 6 | 533 | 6 | 1,121 | American Idol (season 13) | Changes | previously of Idol, the Swedish version of the Idols format. On June 25, 2013, it was confirmed that producers Jesse Ignjatovic and Evan Prager would join Blankens as executive producers of the show. Bill DeRonde replaced Warwick as a director of the audition episodes, and Louis J. Horvitz also replaced Gregg Gelfand as a director of the show, who had been directing since the sixth season. Fox television executive Mike Darnell who helped launch American Idol in 2002 left as programming head of Fox, and Fox Sports executive David Hill was hired to oversee the series. Rickey Minor |
{"datasets_id": 455, "wiki_id": "Q14554266", "sp": 6, "sc": 1121, "ep": 6, "ec": 1681} | 455 | Q14554266 | 6 | 1,121 | 6 | 1,681 | American Idol (season 13) | Changes | returned to the show as musical director after having left at the end of the ninth season to go to The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.
In August 2013, Jennifer Lopez's boyfriend Casper Smart stated Lopez would be returning as an American Idol judge. On August 22, 2013, it was reported that Jimmy Iovine would not return as the in-house mentor for this season, but he is to be replaced by former judge Randy Jackson. On August 30, 2013, The Hollywood Reporter wrote that Harry Connick, Jr. signed a deal to join the panel as the third judge and that Simon |
{"datasets_id": 455, "wiki_id": "Q14554266", "sp": 6, "sc": 1681, "ep": 6, "ec": 2294} | 455 | Q14554266 | 6 | 1,681 | 6 | 2,294 | American Idol (season 13) | Changes | Fuller held a party the night before with all three judges on hand to toast the forthcoming announcement. On September 3, 2013, Lopez and Connick Jr. were officially announced as judges for this season along with the confirmation of Jackson being the new mentor. Lopez is the first American Idol judge to return after leaving at the end of the eleventh season. It was also later reported that Idol alumni Adam Lambert and Chris Daughtry would be assisting Jackson in mentoring the contestants.
In a rules change from past seasons, semifinalists from the twelfth season (but not previous seasons) who were |
{"datasets_id": 455, "wiki_id": "Q14554266", "sp": 6, "sc": 2294, "ep": 6, "ec": 2872} | 455 | Q14554266 | 6 | 2,294 | 6 | 2,872 | American Idol (season 13) | Changes | not in the top 10, nor on the tour and the age limit past above 28, were eligible to return, provided they met all other requirements. This season the viewers may also vote for their favorite contestants via Google Search, bringing the total number of ways the viewers can vote to five (the other four methods were by phone, texting, supervote online on americanidol.com and with American Idol App on mobile devices), with the number of votes limited to 50 for each method of voting. This season AT&T ended their sponsorship and it is therefore possible to text-vote with other |
{"datasets_id": 455, "wiki_id": "Q14554266", "sp": 6, "sc": 2872, "ep": 10, "ec": 203} | 455 | Q14554266 | 6 | 2,872 | 10 | 203 | American Idol (season 13) | Changes & Hollywood week | service providers. Idol teamed up with Facebook to present "on-air visualizations" showing real-time East Coast voting developments, including live "demographic voting trends and relative contestant rankings". Voting may also start as soon as the performance shows start this season, and real time vote rankings were shown while the show is still in progress, and each contestant were assigned the same telephone number all through the competition. Hollywood week A special "Hollywood or Home" round was introduced this season whereby contestants were eliminated soon after they have landed in LAX airport before they even reached Hollywood. 52 contestants the judges |
{"datasets_id": 455, "wiki_id": "Q14554266", "sp": 10, "sc": 203, "ep": 10, "ec": 757} | 455 | Q14554266 | 10 | 203 | 10 | 757 | American Idol (season 13) | Hollywood week | were uncertain of performed solo in an airplane hangar, and 32 were sent back to the airport. The 160 contestants left then proceeded on to Hollywood and performed solo in the Dolby Theatre in groups of ten. After this round, 104 contestants remained where they performed in groups of three or four. 77 contestants went through to a further solo round.
The Hollywood rounds ended with a Top 30 being announced on February 12 and 13, 2014. However, a new twist was added and the judges chose only 15 girls and 14 boys, with the "15th boy" to be |
{"datasets_id": 455, "wiki_id": "Q14554266", "sp": 10, "sc": 757, "ep": 14, "ec": 336} | 455 | Q14554266 | 10 | 757 | 14 | 336 | American Idol (season 13) | Hollywood week & Semi-finals | chosen by the voting public. The options were Ben Briley or Neco Starr. The result of the vote and the name of the public's choice to complete the Top 30 was announced on February 18. Ben Briley made the Top 30. Semi-finals The semi-finals round started on February 18. The three-day event on February 18, 19 and 20 was marketed as "Rush Week." Below are the two semi-final groups (females and males) with contestants listed in their performance order. The top five males and the top five females, along with the three wild card choices by the judges, advanced |
{"datasets_id": 455, "wiki_id": "Q14554266", "sp": 14, "sc": 336, "ep": 18, "ec": 274} | 455 | Q14554266 | 14 | 336 | 18 | 274 | American Idol (season 13) | Semi-finals & Finals | to the finals.
In a controversial twist, the judges eliminated five of each gender before they even had a chance to perform in front of the live studio audience. The females started the semifinal round, and the males continued on following night's episode, and the contestants performed songs of their choice (there was no particular theme). Finals In this season, there are 13 weeks of the finals and 13 finalists, with one finalist eliminated per week based on the American public's votes. Kelly Clarkson's "Breakaway" is used as the send-off song played when a contestant is eliminated, using the eliminated contestant's |
{"datasets_id": 455, "wiki_id": "Q14554266", "sp": 18, "sc": 274, "ep": 22, "ec": 381} | 455 | Q14554266 | 18 | 274 | 22 | 381 | American Idol (season 13) | Finals & Caleb Johnson comment | version of the song (except Caleb Johnson, Jena Irene, Sam Woolf, and Majesty Rose). Former judge Randy Jackson replaced Jimmy Iovine as the weekly mentor to the contestants. Caleb Johnson comment During his interview with AfterBuzz TV following the Top 5 elimination show, Caleb Johnson made offensive remarks about his fans who tweet him song suggestions. "[Twitter] gives access to a bunch of retards to talk to me," Caleb said. "I don't really enjoy having to see somebody telling me what song I have to sing. I think at this point of the competition, I can pick and choose |
{"datasets_id": 455, "wiki_id": "Q14554266", "sp": 22, "sc": 381, "ep": 22, "ec": 944} | 455 | Q14554266 | 22 | 381 | 22 | 944 | American Idol (season 13) | Caleb Johnson comment | my own songs and represent me. I don't need 10,000 people saying, 'You should sing this, you should sing that. Listen to me!' Fortunately, guys, I'm going to listen to myself, whether you like it or not."
His comment has been described as "arrogant", with some fans turning against him. After his fans expressed outrage on Twitter, Caleb issued an apology on his Facebook page. "For the record that juvenile comment I made in the interview was not directed towards my fans but to the wackos that send hundreds of hate messages a day to me! You guys are |
{"datasets_id": 455, "wiki_id": "Q14554266", "sp": 22, "sc": 944, "ep": 26, "ec": 291} | 455 | Q14554266 | 22 | 944 | 26 | 291 | American Idol (season 13) | Caleb Johnson comment & Critical response | amazing and I cannot thank you enough for your support. Sorry if it offended anybody it was the wrong choice of words. Also I greatly appreciate it when you guys give me song suggestions but it gets really overwhelming at the volume it comes in so please understand ! Rock on !:)" Critical response Harry Connick Jr. was lauded for his performance as a judge. USA Today, Rolling Stone, and MTV all claimed that he "stole the spotlight" during the season premiere with his humor and knowledgeable feedback. Kristin Dos Santos of E! Online suggested that Connick Jr. could save the struggling |
{"datasets_id": 455, "wiki_id": "Q14554266", "sp": 26, "sc": 291, "ep": 26, "ec": 864} | 455 | Q14554266 | 26 | 291 | 26 | 864 | American Idol (season 13) | Critical response | show. She called him better than Simon Cowell, writing that while he is "brutally honest", he also shows heart. Robert Rorke of the New York Post wrote that Connick Jr. was unlikely to "save" American Idol, but also wrote that he made the show watchable again by bringing class and keeping the focus on the contestants.
The "Rush Week" twist was not well received by critics. As described by Lyndsey Parker of Yahoo TV, "The other five just sat backstage for a couple hours (while their loved ones sat in the audience), waited in vain for their names to be called, |
{"datasets_id": 455, "wiki_id": "Q14554266", "sp": 26, "sc": 864, "ep": 26, "ec": 1214} | 455 | Q14554266 | 26 | 864 | 26 | 1,214 | American Idol (season 13) | Critical response | and eventually went home."
Furthermore, Amy Reiter of the L.A. Times stated, "Like the women, once 10 of the guys were given the chance to compete for our votes, the five remaining...were collectively shuffled before us, looking stunned and solemn, and then sent home, this time with a few tepidly encouraging parting words from the judges." |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 287} | 456 | Q4744418 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 287 | American Medical Missionary College | Philosophy and Objectives | American Medical Missionary College American Medical Missionary College was a Seventh-day Adventist College in Battle Creek, Michigan. It grew out of classes offered at the Battle Creek Sanitarium. It existed from 1895 until 1910. It also ran classes in Chicago, Illinois. In the latter year it was merged with Illinois State University. Philosophy and Objectives Education of Medical Missionaries
"The American Medical Missionary College, with a full and thorough course of study in medicine and a corps of efficient instructors, and being incorporated under the laws of Illinois, prepared to issue diplomas to those who should satisfactorily |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 8, "sc": 287, "ep": 8, "ec": 889} | 456 | Q4744418 | 8 | 287 | 8 | 889 | American Medical Missionary College | Philosophy and Objectives | complete the course, was the first medical missionary college established, and, as far as we know, is the only one at present in existence which has exclusively for its purpose the education of medical missionaries, unless Dr. Valentine's medical school in North India may be an exception..."
Free tuition "By action of the Sanitarium board, it was agreed that if the physicians employed in the Sanitarium would undertake to fill the position of professors, without salaries, the board would undertake to meet the incidental running expenses, so as to make the school a free school for all |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 8, "sc": 889, "ep": 8, "ec": 1553} | 456 | Q4744418 | 8 | 889 | 8 | 1,553 | American Medical Missionary College | Philosophy and Objectives | who were ready to devote their lives to the relief of suffering humanity, and to the propagation of the principles of the greater gospel, which offers salvation for the body as well as for the soul."
Non-sectarian
Kellogg intended for the American Medical Missionary College to be non-sectarian in its teaching and clinical work. This meant that the distinctive Seventh-day Adventist doctrinal views would not be promoted at the institution. Others, in Adventist leadership, strongly disagreed with Dr. Kellogg on this (citation to be added.) In 1897, Dr. Kellogg described the AMMC's philosophy:
"No students are received except those |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 8, "sc": 1553, "ep": 12, "ec": 282} | 456 | Q4744418 | 8 | 1,553 | 12 | 282 | American Medical Missionary College | Philosophy and Objectives & The Movement to Train Medical Missionaries Before 1885 | who have dedicated their lives to medical missionary work, and are under the supervision of some properly constituted missionary board. The institution, although Christian, is not sectarian, but is intensely evangelical. Sectarian doctrines are not included in its curriculum, and the benefits of its work are not confined within denominational lines." The Movement to Train Medical Missionaries Before 1885 Common Features of Medical Missionary Societies: They focused on sending out properly trained Christian medical doctors to serve as missionaries. They provided accommodation and financing for students as they worked on their medical education. They held a high standard of Christian |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 12, "sc": 282, "ep": 12, "ec": 944} | 456 | Q4744418 | 12 | 282 | 12 | 944 | American Medical Missionary College | The Movement to Train Medical Missionaries Before 1885 | commitment for their students.
The Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society In 1841, a group of doctors formed the Edinburgh Association for Sending Medical Aid to Foreign Countries to 'circulate information on medical mission; help other institutions engaged in the same work and assist as many Missionary stations as their funds would permit.' The name of the association was changed in 1843 to The Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society – a name which lasted until 2002 when it was split into two separate Charities - EMMS International and The Nazareth Trust."
On August 12, 1875, The Christian, a weekly periodical, in a section entitled 'Medical |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 12, "sc": 944, "ep": 12, "ec": 1601} | 456 | Q4744418 | 12 | 944 | 12 | 1,601 | American Medical Missionary College | The Movement to Train Medical Missionaries Before 1885 | Missions' reported a growing interest in medical mission work. At a recent Mildmay Conference they reported on a speech by Dr. Saunders, of the London Medical Mission. In his opening remarks Saunders spoke of the ready access a medical missionary has to classes from which the clergyman and other evangelistic labourers are ordinarily excluded. Saunders said that people from Birmingham, Liverpool, Paris, Madrid, and Eastern Africa all have requested the help of medical missionaries. The Christian also reported on a talk given by Mr. Meacham, Superintendent of the Medical Mission in Manchester, England. Meacham said that medical missionaries were able |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 12, "sc": 1601, "ep": 12, "ec": 2198} | 456 | Q4744418 | 12 | 1,601 | 12 | 2,198 | American Medical Missionary College | The Movement to Train Medical Missionaries Before 1885 | to go down into the deeper depths of sin and misery than other people could. Their medical knowledge gave them insight into the spiritual state of their patients. This allowed them to win confidence and awaken conviction, and then to lead them to become Christians.
Another speaker at the same conference, Rev. J. Lowe, Superintendent of the Medical Mission Training Institute, Edinburgh, told of his work in Travancore. When in India himself, he would see as many as 200 at a time on the verandah of his bungalow. He said that in the waiting room of the Mission Medical Dispensary, caste |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 12, "sc": 2198, "ep": 12, "ec": 2873} | 456 | Q4744418 | 12 | 2,198 | 12 | 2,873 | American Medical Missionary College | The Movement to Train Medical Missionaries Before 1885 | broke down. The Brahman, Sudra, and Pariah, the worshipper of Brahma, Siva, and Vishnu, the Protestant and the Roman Catholic, all stand together, side by side, listening to the medical missionaries tell the stories of Jesus.
In Edinburgh fifty young men had been trained for medical mission work. They had been sent out by various missionary societies. It was proposed that a Livingstone Medical Mission Memorial should be erected in Edinburgh, in the form of a training institute.
The New York Medical Missionary Society
"THE WORK OF THE NEW YORK MEDICAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY.
"We have received a courteous letter from Dr. George D. Dowkontt, |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 12, "sc": 2873, "ep": 12, "ec": 3480} | 456 | Q4744418 | 12 | 2,873 | 12 | 3,480 | American Medical Missionary College | The Movement to Train Medical Missionaries Before 1885 | of this city, Medical Superintendent of the New York Medical Missionary "Home and Institute," regarding the subject of "specially trained medical missionaries," to which we referred in our issue of March 6. Dr. Dowkontt pleads the cause of the specially educated medical missionary. The great need of medical and surgical aid in heathen lands, and the great missionary value of such aid, are referred to, while the scarcity of men both willing and fitted to go is insisted upon. It was for these reasons that the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society was founded in 1841, and the New York Medical Missionary |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 12, "sc": 3480, "ep": 12, "ec": 4075} | 456 | Q4744418 | 12 | 3,480 | 12 | 4,075 | American Medical Missionary College | The Movement to Train Medical Missionaries Before 1885 | Society in 1881. The peculiar need for the existence of the latter society, we are told, lies in the fact that medical missionaries must be particularly well educated medically, and American medical colleges are not good enough, and do not furnish sufficient training. Our correspondent adds:
" 'Allow me to say, in conclusion, that there is great force in the suggestion you made, that we could well spare two thousand out of the four thousand physicians annually graduated in America; and this is forcibly shown in the fact that while in 1880 there was one doctor to 585 people in the |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 12, "sc": 4075, "ep": 12, "ec": 4656} | 456 | Q4744418 | 12 | 4,075 | 12 | 4,656 | American Medical Missionary College | The Movement to Train Medical Missionaries Before 1885 | United States, there was only one medical missionary to nearly ten millions of the heathen.
" 'You observe that these could well be spared to go
forth and disseminate the gospel. Would to God they were able and willing so to do, then we need not exist; but they must first possess this gospel in their own hearts and lives to be able to disseminate it, and they must further be actuated by the spirit of self-denial which characterized the Great Physician for body and soul, the Lord Jesus Christ, before they will be willing to do so.
" 'Thank God for the |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 12, "sc": 4656, "ep": 12, "ec": 5262} | 456 | Q4744418 | 12 | 4,656 | 12 | 5,262 | American Medical Missionary College | The Movement to Train Medical Missionaries Before 1885 | noble men of our profession who have gone forth to heathen lands, as Scudder to India, Parker to China, Livingstone to Africa, and Post to Syria, but oh! for more such men who are willing rather to live to give, than to get.
" 'At the same time, I would not overlook the good work done by Christian physicians at home, work seldom recognized at its full worth, such as our late President, Dr. Alfred C. Post, and others."
Dr. Gordon D. Dowkontt
Dr. Gordon D. Dowkontt established the New York Medical Missionary Society and then the International Medical Missionary Society. These |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 12, "sc": 5262, "ep": 16, "ec": 170} | 456 | Q4744418 | 12 | 5,262 | 16 | 170 | American Medical Missionary College | The Movement to Train Medical Missionaries Before 1885 & 1885 - 1895 | societies provided housing and financial sponsorships for medical students attending medical school. The purpose was to send out medical doctors as trained missionaries to serve anywhere in the world. Dr. Kellogg's similar efforts with students from the Sanitarium suggest that he was aware of Dr. Dowkontt's enterprise. Later, Dr. Dowkontt managed Kellogg's American Medical Missionary College. The Dowkontt's promotion of non-denomiantional mission work seems to have influenced Dr. Kellogg to do the same. (citation to be added) 1885 - 1895 1890, The Sanitarium Medical Missionary School
In November 1891, Good Health reported:
"THE Sanitarium Medical Missionary School for the training of young |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 16, "sc": 170, "ep": 16, "ec": 798} | 456 | Q4744418 | 16 | 170 | 16 | 798 | American Medical Missionary College | 1885 - 1895 | men and women to act as missionary canvassers, teachers of cooking-schools, physical culture, lecturers on hygiene, and
in similar lines of work, opened November 2, with nearly fifty students, a much larger number than has appeared at the opening on any previous occasion. The eminently practical character of the instruction given in the school, and the success with which the efforts of those who have taken the course of instruction in the two previous sessions have been attended, have developed an increasing interest in the work of this educational institution. It is very satisfactory to know that those who are |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 16, "sc": 798, "ep": 16, "ec": 1415} | 456 | Q4744418 | 16 | 798 | 16 | 1,415 | American Medical Missionary College | 1885 - 1895 | taking the course the present year, are all, without exception, prepared to devote their whole energies to the work as soon as they have acquired a proper preparation for it."
In 1891, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg arranged for qualified students connected to the Battle Creek Sanitarium to take medical training at the University of Michigan Medical School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He provided these sponsored students with a residence home under the care of D. H. and Loretta Kress.
"THE editor (J. H. Kellogg) recently visited the Sanitarium Medical Class at Ann Arbor. He found there a happy family of |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 16, "sc": 1415, "ep": 16, "ec": 2073} | 456 | Q4744418 | 16 | 1,415 | 16 | 2,073 | American Medical Missionary College | 1885 - 1895 | medical students, numbering nearly twenty, all enjojing good health, evidently prospering in their studies, and enjoying greatly the opportunities for preparing themselves for future usefulness. The friends of sanitary reform have great expectations respecting the young men and women who constitute this class, and when their course of study is completed, they will be warmly welcomed to the ranks of workers in the cause of sanitary and hygienic reform, which is very sadly in need of recruits. "
The Agra Medical Missionary Training Institute under the leadership of Dr. Colin S. Valentine provided similar accommodations for native students in |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 16, "sc": 2073, "ep": 20, "ec": 32} | 456 | Q4744418 | 16 | 2,073 | 20 | 32 | American Medical Missionary College | 1885 - 1895 & 1895 - 1902 | Agra, India. In 1886, Dr. P.T. Wilson wrote: "For more than three years I have had charge of the Agra Medical Missionary Training Institution, which simply gives a Christian home to native Christian young men who come to Agra to pursue a course in the Government Agra Medical School. At present we have ten students who avail themselves of this home. During the past year the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society has taken over this Institution and Rev. Dr. Colin S. Valentine is expected to return from furlough and assume charge in the autumn." 1895 - 1902 The Illinois legislature granted |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 20, "sc": 32, "ep": 24, "ec": 407} | 456 | Q4744418 | 20 | 32 | 24 | 407 | American Medical Missionary College | 1895 - 1902 & 1903 - 1910 | a charter to The American Medical Missionary College in 1895. The American Medical Missionary College taught students both in Battle Creek and in Chicago. The Chicago education took place in conjunction with the Chicago Medical Mission. 1903 - 1910 Dr. Kellogg and the Seventh-day Adventist Church experienced serious difficulties with each other. Kellogg was no longer a member of the church after 1907. After Battle Creek College moved to Berrien Springs in 1901/1902, many Seventh-day Adventists stopped sending their young people to Battle Creek for an education. The lack of Seventh-day Adventist support affected both the attendance and the financial |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 24, "sc": 407, "ep": 24, "ec": 1055} | 456 | Q4744418 | 24 | 407 | 24 | 1,055 | American Medical Missionary College | 1903 - 1910 | support for the College. The AMMC declined in enrollment and developed significant debts.
Yet, in 1908, the following news item appeared in the November issue of the Missionary Review of the World. The Review and Herald presented it as a news quote:
" 'The Battle Creek Sanitarium, with which this college [the American Medical Missionary College] under Dr. George D. Dowkontt (See New York Medical Missionary Society quote above.) is connected, has severed its connection with the Seventh-day Adventists, and Dr. Kellogg is no longer a member of that body. Last year four students were graduated, but already this year the college |
{"datasets_id": 456, "wiki_id": "Q4744418", "sp": 24, "sc": 1055, "ep": 24, "ec": 1184} | 456 | Q4744418 | 24 | 1,055 | 24 | 1,184 | American Medical Missionary College | 1903 - 1910 | has begun with forty students, including Presbyterians, Methodists, Baptists, Congregationalists, Episcopalians, and others. ' " |
{"datasets_id": 457, "wiki_id": "Q19859744", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 478} | 457 | Q19859744 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 478 | American Music Award for Favorite Country Single | American Music Award for Favorite Country Single The American Music Award for Favorite Country Single is a major music industry award that was created in 1974. However, the award was discontinued after 1995.
Years reflect the year in which the American Music Awards were presented, for works released in the previous year.
The all-time winner of awards in this category was Kenny Rogers. Rogers won a total of 5 AMA Favorite Country Single trophies, two of which were shared as part of a duet with Dolly Parton. |
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{"datasets_id": 458, "wiki_id": "Q4744843", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 340} | 458 | Q4744843 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 340 | American River Parkway | American River Parkway Foundation | American River Parkway The American River Parkway is a 32-mile (51 km) parkway that runs along the American River throughout Sacramento County, California and consists of many smaller parks and boat launching points. It can be accessed by various exits off U.S. Route 50 in Sacramento County. American River Parkway Foundation The American River Parkway Foundation is a non profit that "supports the preservation and enjoyment of the American River Parkway by fostering environmental education, stewardship and volunteer opportunities." Its headquarters is located at the William B. Pond Recreation Area in Carmichael. Construction on the new headquarters which is a |
{"datasets_id": 458, "wiki_id": "Q4744843", "sp": 8, "sc": 340, "ep": 16, "ec": 13} | 458 | Q4744843 | 8 | 340 | 16 | 13 | American River Parkway | American River Parkway Foundation & Discovery Park & Ancil Hoffman Park | single story 1800 square feet building that serves as a central location for all foundation related activities finished in 2004. Discovery Park Discovery Park is a 302-acre (1.22 km²) park located just outside Downtown Sacramento, at the confluence of the American River and the Sacramento River, accessible by taking the Garden Highway exit off Interstate 5. Discovery Park is the trailhead for the 32-mile (51 km) long Jedediah Smith Memorial Trail which continues all the way to Folsom through the historic Leidesdorff Ranch. Other activities include softball fields, an archery range, a picnic area and boat ramps. Ancil Hoffman Park Ancil Hoffman |
{"datasets_id": 458, "wiki_id": "Q4744843", "sp": 16, "sc": 13, "ep": 20, "ec": 61} | 458 | Q4744843 | 16 | 13 | 20 | 61 | American River Parkway | Ancil Hoffman Park & River Bend Park | Park is a major 396-acre (1.60 km²) park located in Carmichael, California, accessible by taking the Watt Avenue exit off Highway 50. Named after a Sacramento County Supervisor and manager to the famous boxer Max Baer, the park has many ancient oaks and is bordered on two sides by the American River. Major attractions include reconstructed Maidu Native American homes, the Ancil Hoffman Golf Course and the Effie Yeaw Nature Center. Many varieties of animals can be seen in Ancil Hoffman Park including wild turkey, deer, and hawks. River Bend Park River Bend Park is a 444-acre (1.80 km²) county regional park |
{"datasets_id": 458, "wiki_id": "Q4744843", "sp": 20, "sc": 61, "ep": 24, "ec": 15} | 458 | Q4744843 | 20 | 61 | 24 | 15 | American River Parkway | River Bend Park & William B. Pond Recreation Area | located near where the river bends in Rancho Cordova. It is accessible by taking the Bradshaw Road exit off of Highway 50. It was formerly known as Goethe Park but due to controversy surrounding C.M. Goethe, the park was renamed in 2008. It is one of Sacramento County's oldest regional parks and was one of the three original areas along the parkway that the county acquired between 1961 and 1964. Located on the Jedediah Smith Memorial Trail, it is just across the Harold Richey Bicycle Bridge from William B. Pond Recreation Area. William B. Pond Recreation Area William B. Pond |
{"datasets_id": 458, "wiki_id": "Q4744843", "sp": 24, "sc": 15, "ep": 28, "ec": 72} | 458 | Q4744843 | 24 | 15 | 28 | 72 | American River Parkway | William B. Pond Recreation Area & Watt Avenue Access Park | Recreation Area is a county regional park located at the end of Arden Way in Carmichael. It is located along the Jedediah Smith Memorial Trail and is just across the Harold Richey Bicycle Bridge from River Bend Park. The area is home to a man-made fishing pond stocked with trout and catfish and is also home to bass, bluegill and tule perch. According to the county, there are many habitats to explore, from riverside forests and fields to warm ponds and swift, chilly rapids. Watt Avenue Access Park Watt Avenue Access Park (River Walk Access) is located where Watt Avenue |
{"datasets_id": 458, "wiki_id": "Q4744843", "sp": 28, "sc": 72, "ep": 28, "ec": 668} | 458 | Q4744843 | 28 | 72 | 28 | 668 | American River Parkway | Watt Avenue Access Park | and La Riviera Drive intersect. It is accessible by taking the Watt Avenue exit off of Highway 50, continuing on to La Riviera Drive.
This area is home to the mysterious "Rock Artist" who leaves piles of rocks in decorative formations that can sometimes be seen from the street above.
It is a popular spot for boating, swimming, wading, and fishing. Swimmers and waders are cautioned to take care in while swimming in this area, and this park access is equipped with a life jacket "loaner" station. There are many life vests displayed, of various sizes, that can be taken for use |
{"datasets_id": 458, "wiki_id": "Q4744843", "sp": 28, "sc": 668, "ep": 28, "ec": 802} | 458 | Q4744843 | 28 | 668 | 28 | 802 | American River Parkway | Watt Avenue Access Park | and replaced when the park visitor is finished with it. Other amenities include a large parking area, restroom, and a water fountain. |
{"datasets_id": 459, "wiki_id": "Q4744945", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 295} | 459 | Q4744945 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 295 | American School of Recife | Organization & Curriculum | American School of Recife Organization The School is governed by a 7-member Board of Directors elected for a 2-year term by the General Assembly composed of the parents of children enrolled in the school. The School is not incorporated in the United States. It is officially registered in the State of Pernambuco as a Civil Society with tax-exempt status under Brazilian law. Curriculum The curriculum is mainly that of U.S. general academic, preparatory schools. Instruction is in English. All students above pre-kindergarten are required to study Portuguese. English-as-a-second-language and Portuguese-as-a-second-language are offered to students who are not proficient in either |
{"datasets_id": 459, "wiki_id": "Q4744945", "sp": 10, "sc": 295, "ep": 18, "ec": 23} | 459 | Q4744945 | 10 | 295 | 18 | 23 | American School of Recife | Curriculum & Faculty & Enrollment | language. Physical education is required for all students. Electives include subjects such as Model United Nations, French, Spanish, genetics, computer courses, art, drama, music, photography, journalism and AP courses. The School is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and is recognized by the State of Pernambuco Department of Education. Most of the graduates go on to colleges and universities in the United States, Europe, or Brazil. Faculty In the 2003-2004 school year, there are 25 full-time and 8 part-time faculty members, including 14 U.S. citizens, 14 Brazilians, and 5 third-country nationals. Enrollment At the beginning of the |
{"datasets_id": 459, "wiki_id": "Q4744945", "sp": 18, "sc": 23, "ep": 22, "ec": 412} | 459 | Q4744945 | 18 | 23 | 22 | 412 | American School of Recife | Enrollment & Facilities | 2003-2004 school year, enrollment was 269 (PK-K: 20; grades 1-5: 107; grades 6-8: 73; and grades 9-12: 69). Of the total, 20 were U.S. citizens, 190 were host-country nationals, and 59 were third-country nationals. Facilities The school occupies an 8.5 acre (34,000 m²) site in a residential area of Recife. The elementary and high schools are in separate buildings. Facilities include 32 classrooms, a science laboratory, a music room, a small theater, a technology lab, a library, a cafeteria, a lunch area, a covered court, a faculty resource center, a maintenance building, the principal’s office, the guidance counselor’s office, the |
{"datasets_id": 459, "wiki_id": "Q4744945", "sp": 22, "sc": 412, "ep": 28, "ec": 7} | 459 | Q4744945 | 22 | 412 | 28 | 7 | American School of Recife | Facilities & Finances & Sports | infirmary, administrative offices, a soccer field, exercise room, and playgrounds. Finances In the 2003-2004 school year, almost all income derives from tuition. Annual tuition rates are as follows, in U.S. dollars: Early Childhood: $2,667; PK-5: $5,736; and grades 6-12: $6,168. A one-time contribution of $2,000 to the Capital Improvement Fund is paid upon entry. There is an initial registration fee of $120 and a $60 re-registration fee at the end of each school year for each student continuing in the school. Materials and book fee for the Early Childhood Program is $374, and $528 for PK-12th grade paid annually. Sports |
{"datasets_id": 459, "wiki_id": "Q4744945", "sp": 30, "sc": 0, "ep": 30, "ec": 603} | 459 | Q4744945 | 30 | 0 | 30 | 603 | American School of Recife | Sports | The EAR is home of the Recife Eagles. The Eagles have a long history of victories in a tournament called the Friendship Tournament. There are two Friendship Tournaments a year, one being called the "mini" Friendship Tournament and the other one called the "big" Friendship Tournament. The "mini" tournament only involves the EAR, the Pan-American School of Bahia (PASB), and sometimes a guest school. The "big" tournament involves the PASB, the Escola Americana de Belo Horizonte (EABH), and the International School of Curitiba. Only international or bilingual schools from Brazil engage in this event. |
{"datasets_id": 460, "wiki_id": "Q15046618", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 244} | 460 | Q15046618 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 244 | American Vagabond | Content & Reception | American Vagabond Content Starring James Temple and Tyler Johnson, the documentary is a story of how Temple and Johnson's move to San Francisco because Temple's parents have kicked him out of home for being gay. Very soon the city, which they had envisioned as their promised one, reveals its harsh reality as they end up homeless. Reception The film won the Q Hugo Jury Special Prize at the Chicago International Film Festival, where it also had its North American Premier. It also won the best Documentary Film Jury Award at the Rochester ImageOut Festival. The film was nominated for |
{"datasets_id": 460, "wiki_id": "Q15046618", "sp": 10, "sc": 244, "ep": 10, "ec": 921} | 460 | Q15046618 | 10 | 244 | 10 | 921 | American Vagabond | Reception | the Best Nordic Documentary Film Award at the Nordisk Panorama Festival 2013 and was selected into the Masters section of the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam, IDFA 2013.
The film was screened at the 2013 Visions du Réel festival, the DOKLeipzig International Documentary Film Festival 2013, Montreal International Documentary Festival, RIDM 2013, and many other festivals.
Farihah Zaman praised the film as a standout at the Montreal International Documentary Film Festival in her review in Filmmaker Magazine: "In Vagabond, her main subject becomes a collaborator in telling the story of his life, having crafted it over time in a series of |
{"datasets_id": 460, "wiki_id": "Q15046618", "sp": 10, "sc": 921, "ep": 10, "ec": 1550} | 460 | Q15046618 | 10 | 921 | 10 | 1,550 | American Vagabond | Reception | emails with Helke. Helke also shifts perspective from one of the runaways to his mother at a crucial point, an act of compassion that breaks down the notion of easy blame or villainy as the boys are failed by one system after another. At this Canadian festival, a Finnish filmmaker shattered the illusion of the American dream."
"American Vagabond emanates from an America where parents can't reconcile ingrained religious beliefs with their homosexual, flesh-and-blood children. James' folks eventually do, but it's not the happy ending any of them (or the viewer) could have anticipated. To her credit, Helke doesn't |
{"datasets_id": 460, "wiki_id": "Q15046618", "sp": 10, "sc": 1550, "ep": 10, "ec": 2156} | 460 | Q15046618 | 10 | 1,550 | 10 | 2,156 | American Vagabond | Reception | pander to a European TV audience's appetite for reality TV-style ugliness or sordidness", Michael Fox writes in the Bay Area KQED Arts Section.
In the Finnish media Jouni Vikman, writing for Episodi.fi, gave the film four starts out five, praising Helke's ability to keep the film's focus on the subject. Leena Virtanen of Nyt, a weekly entertainment supplement to Helsingin Sanomat, similarly rated the film worth four out five stars, praising the use of difficult methods to appeal to the viewer. She also praised the cohesion of the story amid the split between the first part focusing on the |
{"datasets_id": 460, "wiki_id": "Q15046618", "sp": 10, "sc": 2156, "ep": 10, "ec": 2345} | 460 | Q15046618 | 10 | 2,156 | 10 | 2,345 | American Vagabond | Reception | couple and their soul sisters and brothers and the second, focusing on Temple's and Johnson's parents.
It was pitched prior to completion at the 2010 Sheffield Doc/Fest MeetMarket. |
{"datasets_id": 461, "wiki_id": "Q16238655", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 561} | 461 | Q16238655 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 561 | Amersham A Cappella | History | Amersham A Cappella History The chorus was formed in January 1982 by Ian Stone – a member of the local men's barbershop group, initially as the "wives and girlfriends" of that chorus. The group was called Chiltern Harmony, and under Ian Stone's direction, became members of LABBS (The Ladies' Association of British Barbershop Singers) later that year. Over the next few years the chorus grew in number and won a number of accolades as chorus directorship was passed from Ian Stone to Wendy Searle to Gay McBride, and is currently directed by Helen Lappert.
In 2007, to match the |
{"datasets_id": 461, "wiki_id": "Q16238655", "sp": 6, "sc": 561, "ep": 10, "ec": 443} | 461 | Q16238655 | 6 | 561 | 10 | 443 | Amersham A Cappella | History & Accolades and Appearances | young, dynamic vibe of the chorus, the group changed its name to Amersham A Cappella, the name by which the chorus is known today. Accolades and Appearances The accolades won by the chorus are numerous: three gold medals at LABBS (1995, 2010 and 2016), three silver medals and a bronze, and a number of independently adjudicated choral competitions, to include the 2010 Good Housekeeping Choir of The Year.
The chorus performed their version of Swing Low, Sweet Chariot on the pitch in May 2012 at Twickenham Stadium For the England Rugby team vs. Barbarians 2012 Mid Year Test, and again for |
{"datasets_id": 461, "wiki_id": "Q16238655", "sp": 10, "sc": 443, "ep": 10, "ec": 610} | 461 | Q16238655 | 10 | 443 | 10 | 610 | Amersham A Cappella | Accolades and Appearances | the same match in 2013.
In November 2012, Amersham A Cappella supported the Innocent Drinks Big Knit campaign by writing and recording a viral for their site. |
{"datasets_id": 462, "wiki_id": "Q4746356", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 284} | 462 | Q4746356 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 284 | Amina – Chechen Republic Online | Features & Chechen Forum | Amina – Chechen Republic Online Features The site, which allows users to write in Chechen, Russian, and English, is free to users and generates revenue from advertising including banner ads. Features of the website include Chechen Forum, Articles related to Chechnya, Chechen Photo Gallery, Chechen Chat, and Chechen Mail. Chechen Forum As of May 17, 2007, the Chechen Forum hosted more than 3,500 members and more than 300,000 posts. Although all forum visitors may browse among the various threads, only visitors who have created a free subscription account may be able to make forum posts, receive email notifications |
{"datasets_id": 462, "wiki_id": "Q4746356", "sp": 10, "sc": 284, "ep": 14, "ec": 354} | 462 | Q4746356 | 10 | 284 | 14 | 354 | Amina – Chechen Republic Online | Chechen Forum & Articles related to Chechnya | of replies to posts, and send and receive private messages. In late April 2007, Albert Digaev added English language registration to the Chechen Forum, to allow English speakers access and an English language thread to allow English speakers to communicate with Chechens. Articles related to Chechnya The articles section includes various essays on the Chechen conflict, resources on the Chechen language, and appeals to end the war in Chechnya. Some of the articles' authors include famed Russian journalist Andrei Babitsky, Chechen Ambassador to the United States Lyoma Usmanov, and U.S. Under Secretary for Political Affairs R. Nicholas Burns. The list |
{"datasets_id": 462, "wiki_id": "Q4746356", "sp": 14, "sc": 354, "ep": 22, "ec": 91} | 462 | Q4746356 | 14 | 354 | 22 | 91 | Amina – Chechen Republic Online | Articles related to Chechnya & Chechen Photo Gallery & Chechen Chat | of articles has not been updated since February 2005. Chechen Photo Gallery The Chechen Photo Gallery enables users with a free subscription account to upload photos of themselves and their friends, as well as rate or comment on others' photos. Although individuals are primarily Chechens, Russians and Caucasians are well represented in the gallery as well. Sections of the gallery include Individuals, Girls, Boys, Chechen Television, Our Neighbors, People of the Arts, Children, Historical Photos, My Chechnya, and New Photos. Chechen Chat Chechen Chat is a free IRC service powered by the ASP.NET web application framework. Users |
{"datasets_id": 462, "wiki_id": "Q4746356", "sp": 22, "sc": 91, "ep": 26, "ec": 422} | 462 | Q4746356 | 22 | 91 | 26 | 422 | Amina – Chechen Republic Online | Chechen Chat & Chechen Mail | can private message directly with other Amina.com users. This feature was recently reinstated in 2007 after going offline for several months. Chechen Mail Chechen Mail is a Gmail-powered service which enables users to gain access to a private email account with an amina.com domain name. When Google Apps enabled Gmail users to check their email accounts using the BlackBerry wireless handheld device, Chechen Mail users by extension gained access to this new feature. Currently, email signup requires permission from the Amina – Chechen Republic Online domain administrator. |
{"datasets_id": 463, "wiki_id": "Q867503", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 45} | 463 | Q867503 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 45 | Amory, Mississippi | History & Geography & Economy | Amory, Mississippi History Amory began as a planned railroad town. The Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham Railroad needed a midpoint between Memphis, Tennessee and Birmingham, Alabama for their locomotives, and they laid out the new town of Amory in 1887. People from nearby Cotton Gin Port on the Tombigbee River abandoned their town and moved to Amory. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.0 square miles (21 km²), of which 7.5 square miles (19 km²) is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km²) (6.37%) is water. Economy Gilmore Memorial Hospital is well regarded as |
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