_id
stringlengths 77
96
| datasets_id
int32 0
1.38M
| wiki_id
stringlengths 2
9
| start_paragraph
int32 2
1.17k
| start_character
int32 0
70.3k
| end_paragraph
int32 4
1.18k
| end_character
int32 1
70.3k
| article_title
stringlengths 1
250
| section_title
stringlengths 0
1.12k
| passage_text
stringlengths 1
14k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
{"datasets_id": 645, "wiki_id": "Q795289", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 237} | 645 | Q795289 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 237 | B41 nuclear bomb | Development & Composition | B41 nuclear bomb Development The development of the B-41 began in 1955 with a USAF requirement for a Class B (high-yield, over 10,000 lb or 4,500 kg) weapon. It was based on the "Fagotti (bassoon)" test device first fired in the Redwing Zuni test of 27 May 1956. An ICBM warhead version of the weapon was cancelled in 1957 while still in the design stage. Composition The B-41 was the only three-stage thermonuclear weapon fielded by the U.S. It had a deuterium-tritium boosted primary, probably with lithium-6-enriched deuteride fuel for the fusion reaction in the secondary stage. This was followed by a |
{"datasets_id": 645, "wiki_id": "Q795289", "sp": 10, "sc": 237, "ep": 10, "ec": 852} | 645 | Q795289 | 10 | 237 | 10 | 852 | B41 nuclear bomb | Composition | yet-larger third fusion stage, the tertiary stage, compressed by the secondary stage. Finally, there was a fission jacket.
Two versions were deployed, Y1, a "dirty" version with a tertiary stage encased with U-238 (natural uranium), and Y2, a "clean" version with a lead-encased tertiary. It was the highest-yield nuclear weapon ever deployed by the United States, with a maximum yield of 25 megatons (Mt), and weighing in at 4,850 kg (10,690 lb). It remains the highest yield-to-weight ratio of any weapon created. The US claimed in 1963 that it could produce a 35 Mt fusion bomb, and put it on a Titan II |
{"datasets_id": 645, "wiki_id": "Q795289", "sp": 10, "sc": 852, "ep": 10, "ec": 1549} | 645 | Q795289 | 10 | 852 | 10 | 1,549 | B41 nuclear bomb | Composition | (3,700 kg [8,200 lb] payload), almost doubling the yield-to-weight ratio of the B-41.
The B-41 was of the usual long cylindrical shape. The nuclear fusion warhead was of the Teller-Ulam type and used a 40–100 kiloton implosion type nuclear fission primary (reportedly based on the Smokey TX-41 shot of Operation Plumbbob)
fueled by HEU to trigger the lithium-6 deuteride fusion fuel. The Y1 version, the third ("tertiary") stage was enclosed in a uranium tamper.
The B-41 was an example of a fission-fusion-fusion-fission type thermonuclear weapon, or tertiary stage bomb. The additional tertiary fusion stage, compressed by a previous fusion stage, could be used to make |
{"datasets_id": 645, "wiki_id": "Q795289", "sp": 10, "sc": 1549, "ep": 18, "ec": 236} | 645 | Q795289 | 10 | 1,549 | 18 | 236 | B41 nuclear bomb | Composition & Physical characteristics & Service life | a bomb with yields as large as desired. Physical characteristics The weapon was 12 ft 4 in (3.76 m) long, with a body diameter of 4 ft 4 in (1.32 m). It weighed 10,670 lb (4,840 kg). It was carried only by the B-52 Stratofortress and B-47 Stratojet. It could be deployed in free-fall or aerial (parachute) configuration, and could be set for airburst, groundburst, or laydown delivery. Service life The B-41 (designated Mk-41 until 1968) entered service in 1961. About 500 of these weapons were manufactured between September 1960 and June 1962. The B-41 was progressively phased out of service beginning in 1963, superseded by the B53 |
{"datasets_id": 645, "wiki_id": "Q795289", "sp": 18, "sc": 236, "ep": 22, "ec": 506} | 645 | Q795289 | 18 | 236 | 22 | 506 | B41 nuclear bomb | Service life & Efficiency | nuclear bomb. The last B-41s were retired in July 1976. Efficiency During its operational lifetime, the B-41 was the most efficient known thermonuclear weapon in terms of yield to actual weight, with a 5.2 Megaton/tonne ratio (based on a 25 Mt yield). Its blast yield was 25 to 50% that of the AN602 Tsar Bomba, which delivered a blast of 50 or 100 megatons of TNT, depending on its own configuration as a "clean" (lead encased) or dirty (uranium encased) bomb. However even at the Tsar Bomba's theoretical maximum yield of 100 megatons, it would still only achieve a yield |
{"datasets_id": 645, "wiki_id": "Q795289", "sp": 22, "sc": 506, "ep": 22, "ec": 861} | 645 | Q795289 | 22 | 506 | 22 | 861 | B41 nuclear bomb | Efficiency | to weight ratio of ~ 3.7 Megaton/tonne, thus the B-41 is the most efficient, highest yield to weight ratio, weapon ever created. However, since neither full yield versions of the B-41 nor "Tsar Bomba" were ever demonstrably tested, the B-41's high efficiency is merely theoretical; the most efficient tested and proven nuclear physics package is the W56. |
{"datasets_id": 646, "wiki_id": "Q4834438", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 560} | 646 | Q4834438 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 560 | B4U (network) | Company history | B4U (network) Company history In 1999, the newly formed network launched B4U Movies and B4U Music in the UK on the Sky Digital platform as a subscription package along with Sony Entertainment Television. In 2001, the network went on to launch the channels in the United States and Canada and the Middle East by the end of the year.
By 2000, B4U had established itself as a leading brand in Bollywood entertainment for the Indian Diaspora. The launch was surrounded in controversy, with rival network Zee TV claiming that B4U had stolen its database of subscribers in the UK. The B4U |
{"datasets_id": 646, "wiki_id": "Q4834438", "sp": 6, "sc": 560, "ep": 6, "ec": 1201} | 646 | Q4834438 | 6 | 560 | 6 | 1,201 | B4U (network) | Company history | management claimed that they had got hold of the database from ex-employees and has been using it to send mailers promoting its service. As well as expanding into Europe, Africa and Asia, the network debuted in India to popular acclaim. B4U brand awareness increased after the company signed a deal with FTV to broadcast Indian fashion shows throughout the world. The network also became involved in local level promotions like showing Indian fashion shows in theatres, promoting new faces and organising fashion shows and contests throughout India and the world. The Network gained further international attention and acclaim after winning |
{"datasets_id": 646, "wiki_id": "Q4834438", "sp": 6, "sc": 1201, "ep": 10, "ec": 221} | 646 | Q4834438 | 6 | 1,201 | 10 | 221 | B4U (network) | Company history & B4U Today | 9 Promax Awards in 2001. By this time the B4U company was a main rival to Zee TV and Sony in the Indian broadcasting market. The network then ventured into movie production in 2002, co-producing all films produced by iDream. In addition the B4U network started to produce much more local content for the various local versions of its channels. B4U Today The network has a strong presence in Indian culture and is one of the 'Big Three' Indian television networks to operate worldwide. The B4U brand is now well known over the world, with the network staging many high-profile |
{"datasets_id": 646, "wiki_id": "Q4834438", "sp": 10, "sc": 221, "ep": 14, "ec": 518} | 646 | Q4834438 | 10 | 221 | 14 | 518 | B4U (network) | B4U Today & B4U Films | events such as the Times of India new talent searches, and the Mayor of London's annual Diwali Festival in Trafalgar Square. B4U Films B4U Films (alternatively named, B4U Productions Plc. )is a wholly owned subsidiary of B4U TV Ltd. (B4U), Mumbai based media and entertainment production company. It was started in 1997, and handles the motion picture production and distribution of B4U.
B4U Films produces films in Bollywood as well as in Punjab, where it partners with other leading film studios.They distributes Lollywood movies as well.
It first produced, Bhai, which starred Suniel Shetty, Kader Khan and Kunal Khemu. Bhai failed at |
{"datasets_id": 646, "wiki_id": "Q4834438", "sp": 14, "sc": 518, "ep": 14, "ec": 828} | 646 | Q4834438 | 14 | 518 | 14 | 828 | B4U (network) | B4U Films | the box office, but later helped with the home-production of Bollywood 1957 classic movie, Mother India. In 2015 they started distributed Pakistani Films by distributing Karachi Se Lahore worldwide.The latest film, they had distributed was Mahira Khan starred Pakistani romantic comedy film 7 Din Mohabbat In. |
{"datasets_id": 647, "wiki_id": "Q4834649", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 642} | 647 | Q4834649 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 642 | BASA-press | History | BASA-press History BASA press was founded by a group of five journalists (including Vasile Botnaru) in Chişinău on 5 November 1992. The newsagency was the first independent news agency in the Republic of Moldova. Infotag was the second one, operating officially since 1 December 1993. BASA-press covered the entire range of political, social, economic, business and other events.
On 31 December 2009, BASA-press, Moldova's oldest independent news agency closed down. Agency's ex-director Sergiu Ipati told the agency had been closed down because of the ongoing crisis. In 2009, the Moldovan information market lost another news agency - Flux, which was |
{"datasets_id": 647, "wiki_id": "Q4834649", "sp": 6, "sc": 642, "ep": 6, "ec": 707} | 647 | Q4834649 | 6 | 642 | 6 | 707 | BASA-press | History | controlled by the Christian-Democratic People's Party (Moldova). |
{"datasets_id": 648, "wiki_id": "Q48796923", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 614} | 648 | Q48796923 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 614 | BAZAAR Stars’ Charity Night | BAZAAR Stars’ Charity Night BAZAAR Stars’ Charity Night (Chinese: 芭莎明星慈善夜) is an annual fundraising gala hosted by Harper’s Bazaar China in China for Chinese celebrities who support charities. The event was founded at 2003 due to the outbreak of SARS upon Na Ying's suggestion and the fundraising event was continued every year ever since. Since 2014, the charity night has been a collaboration between Harper's Bazaar China and Zhejiang Television where the latter will broadcast the charity night on national television. In recent years, the event is divided into the auction segment and the donation segment with intervals of performances. |
|
{"datasets_id": 648, "wiki_id": "Q48796923", "sp": 6, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 613} | 648 | Q48796923 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 613 | BAZAAR Stars’ Charity Night | Suggestion | Suggestion During the outbreak of SARS, the crew of Harper's Bazaar China felt a strong social responsibility to contribute for the betterment of the society. Singer Na Ying suggested auctioning clothes and items owned by fellow celebrities and donate the money to the poor. First few years of operation for this fund raising event was not a media highlight as not many sponsors and brands gave their support. The induction of more celebrities made the fundraising event a national event and a commercial success. The event is attended by the Chinese entertainment industry with guest ranging from singers, actors, actresses |
{"datasets_id": 648, "wiki_id": "Q48796923", "sp": 8, "sc": 613, "ep": 8, "ec": 638} | 648 | Q48796923 | 8 | 613 | 8 | 638 | BAZAAR Stars’ Charity Night | Suggestion | to entertainment moguls. |
{"datasets_id": 649, "wiki_id": "Q556818", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 636} | 649 | Q556818 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 636 | BKM algorithm | BKM algorithm The BKM algorithm is a shift-and-add algorithm for computing elementary functions, first published in 1994 by Jean-Claude Bajard, Sylvanus Kla, and Jean-Michel Muller. BKM is based on computing complex logarithms (L-mode) and exponentials (E-mode) using a method similar to the algorithm Henry Briggs used to compute logarithms. By using a precomputed table of logarithms of negative powers of two, the BKM algorithm computes elementary functions using only integer add, shift, and compare operations.
BKM is similar to CORDIC, but uses a table of logarithms rather than a table of arctangents. On each iteration, a choice of |
|
{"datasets_id": 649, "wiki_id": "Q556818", "sp": 4, "sc": 636, "ep": 4, "ec": 1260} | 649 | Q556818 | 4 | 636 | 4 | 1,260 | BKM algorithm | coefficient is made from a set of nine complex numbers, 1, 0, −1, i, −i, 1+i, 1−i, −1+i, −1−i, rather than only −1 or +1 as used by CORDIC. BKM provides a simpler method of computing some elementary functions, and unlike CORDIC, BKM needs no result scaling factor. The convergence rate of BKM is approximately one bit per iteration, like CORDIC, but BKM requires more precomputed table elements for the same precision because the table stores logarithms of complex operands.
As with other algorithms in the shift-and-add class, BKM is particularly well-suited to hardware implementation. The relative performance |
|
{"datasets_id": 649, "wiki_id": "Q556818", "sp": 4, "sc": 1260, "ep": 4, "ec": 1488} | 649 | Q556818 | 4 | 1,260 | 4 | 1,488 | BKM algorithm | of software BKM implementation in comparison to other methods such as polynomial or rational approximations will depend on the availability of fast multi-bit shifts (i.e. a barrel shifter) or hardware floating point arithmetic. |
|
{"datasets_id": 650, "wiki_id": "Q62389259", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 316} | 650 | Q62389259 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 316 | BKN | History | BKN BKN, or Bohbot Kids Network (also BKN Kids), were syndicated blocks of animated TV series owned by Bohbot Communications and its subsidiaries or successors. BKN also is used to referred to Bohbot Communications and its subsidiaries or successors.
BKN Kids and BKN Kids II did not initially share programming as to grant the networks Syndex protection. History On September 13, 1992, Bohbot Entertainment launched Amazin' Adventures, a syndicated action-oriented block that aired for two hours on Sundays. Byrne Enterprises sold barter for the block. During the 1996–1997 season, Amazin' Adventures also aired for an hour on weekdays.
Amazin' Adventures was re-launched |
{"datasets_id": 650, "wiki_id": "Q62389259", "sp": 8, "sc": 316, "ep": 8, "ec": 936} | 650 | Q62389259 | 8 | 316 | 8 | 936 | BKN | History | as the BKN Kids Network in September 1997. By 1997, the network had signed up 104 stations reaching 75% of the US, with 65 stations airing BKN in pattern and 35 stations signing on for three years. Stations that aired the BKN block included BHC Communications stations, WCIU-TV, WPGH-TV, and The WB 100+ Station Group. During BKN's first season, its programs were split into three blocks: the "Extreme Block" (Extreme Dinosaurs and Extreme Ghostbusters) and the "Comedy Block" (The Mask: Animated Series and Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog) on weekdays, and "Amazin’ Adventures" (Captain Simian & the Space Monkeys) on |
{"datasets_id": 650, "wiki_id": "Q62389259", "sp": 8, "sc": 936, "ep": 12, "ec": 305} | 650 | Q62389259 | 8 | 936 | 12 | 305 | BKN | History & History | weekends.
On August 29, 1999, BKN was re-positioned as an action-oriented block; it was referred to internally as "Bulldog TV" because the block's bumpers featured an animated bulldog. Bulldog TV stopped airing on most stations in 2000, but The WB 100+ Station Group continued to air reruns of BKN shows during the 2000–2001 season. History With multiple offers in top 50 markets for BKN, Bohbot Entertainment planned to launch a second syndication network, BKN Kids II, in September 1998 to meet the demand. Station groups affiliating with BKN 2 at launch included Sinclair Broadcast Group, Tribune Broadcasting, Clear Channel Communications and |
{"datasets_id": 650, "wiki_id": "Q62389259", "sp": 12, "sc": 305, "ep": 16, "ec": 360} | 650 | Q62389259 | 12 | 305 | 16 | 360 | BKN | History & History | ACME Communications. Bohbot planned to use several of its library series, Mighty Max, Highlander: The Animated Series, The Mask: The Animated Series, and Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog to fill out the schedule. The block's launch was postponed to August 29, 1999. BKN Kids II ceased to exist in 2000. History Bohbot Communications Inc. was founded on November 19, 1985 as a media planning and buying service. BC added additional services over the following 10 years: animated children’s programming syndicator, program syndication sales distribution, licensing and merchandising. After previous attempts at local promotions and request from promotional agencies at 1995 |
{"datasets_id": 650, "wiki_id": "Q62389259", "sp": 16, "sc": 360, "ep": 16, "ec": 1080} | 650 | Q62389259 | 16 | 360 | 16 | 1,080 | BKN | History | NATPE, Bohbot entered the national promotions field in 1996.
Bohbot Entertainment distributed 65 episodes of Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog in syndication starting in 1993. BE picked up Double Dragon for syndication in 1993.
Bohbot Communications Inc. in January 1994 split its operations into two units, Bohbot Media Worldwide (BM) and Bohbot Entertainment Worldwide (BE). Bohbot Media would take over BC's media planning and buying services, while Bohbot Entertainment took over BC's TV distribution, licensing and merchandising, promotions and public relations operations. In 1994, Bohbot Media agreed to distribute A.J.'s Time Travelers for Time Travelers, Inc. to Fox Children's Network for which |
{"datasets_id": 650, "wiki_id": "Q62389259", "sp": 16, "sc": 1080, "ep": 16, "ec": 1772} | 650 | Q62389259 | 16 | 1,080 | 16 | 1,772 | BKN | History | the various Bohbot entities were sued in 1995 along with the producers.
In March 1997, BE and DIC Entertainment agreed to a three-year output deal for Bohbot Kids Network consisting of five series. BE launched BKN Kids Network in September of that year By October, Bohbot Enterprises Worldwide, Inc., Bohbot Entertainment, Bohbot Media and the International Division were renamed BKN, Inc. (BKN), Bohbot Entertainment & Media Inc. (BEM), Quantum Media International, Inc. (QMI) and BKN International respectively.
In April 1998, United Television and Columbia TriStar Television took a minority stake in BEM.
With multiple offers in top 50 markets for the Bohbot Kids |
{"datasets_id": 650, "wiki_id": "Q62389259", "sp": 16, "sc": 1772, "ep": 16, "ec": 2406} | 650 | Q62389259 | 16 | 1,772 | 16 | 2,406 | BKN | History | Network, Bohbot Entertainment scheduled the launch of a second syndication network, BKN Kids II, for September 1998 to meet the demand. BE also looked for shows from other syndicators to include in BKN Kids II. With financial setbacks that had happened in the past, a consortium of banks gave Bohbot $100 million in new financing in September 1998. Two new blocks were announced at the same time as well as the new chairman/CEO of Bohbot Kids Network, Rick Ungar. BKN also indicated that long-term network affiliation agreements were under close to being finalized with Chris-Craft/United Television, Tribune Broadcasting, Paramount |
{"datasets_id": 650, "wiki_id": "Q62389259", "sp": 16, "sc": 2406, "ep": 16, "ec": 3060} | 650 | Q62389259 | 16 | 2,406 | 16 | 3,060 | BKN | History | Stations Group, Sinclair Broadcast Group and the WB network's WeB fill-in cable network. BKN also purchased Epoch Ink Animation which was renamed to BKN Studios.
BKNI went public and independent of BKN in 1999 on the Frankfurt Neuer Market stock exchange with BKN retaining 34% ownership.
In January 2000, Bohbot Entertainment & Media Inc. was sued by Sinclair Broadcast Group over a supposed failure of Bohbot to purchase enough advertising on the broadcasting group's TV stations as agreed to in their BKN Network carriage agreement. In July, the A.J.'s Time Travelers case ended in which the various Bohbot entities and Time Travelers |
{"datasets_id": 650, "wiki_id": "Q62389259", "sp": 16, "sc": 3060, "ep": 20, "ec": 390} | 650 | Q62389259 | 16 | 3,060 | 20 | 390 | BKN | History & History | entities had to pay damages with BKN paying $10 million, BEM $10 million and QMI, $5 million.
BKN International in January 2001 acquired BKN, Inc.'s operating assets with BKN, Inc. would continue as a holding company with its BKNI holdings. History BKN International was originally the Cologne, Germany based international arm of BKN, Inc. BKNI went public and independent of BKN in 1999 on the Frankfurt Neuer Market stock exchange with BKN retaining 34% ownership. The Jumanji, Starship Troopers and Extreme Ghostbusters series were being produced by BKNI for Sony Pictures by 2001. BKN International in January 2001 acquired BKN, Inc.'s |
{"datasets_id": 650, "wiki_id": "Q62389259", "sp": 20, "sc": 390, "ep": 20, "ec": 1014} | 650 | Q62389259 | 20 | 390 | 20 | 1,014 | BKN | History | operating assets: BKN animation library (5th largest at the time in the US), L.A. studio and its trademark for $28.1 million. BKN, Inc. would continue as a holding company with it BKNI holdings. Following the BKN acquisition, Sony Pictures Family Entertainment Group (SPFEG) purchased a 3.8% stake in BKNI from BKN, Inc. as the company expanded into US and Asia. Under the deal, SPFE president Sander Schwartz became a member of the company's supervisory board while Allen Bohbot moved from the advisory board chairmanship to the management board's chairmanship.
By October 2005, BKN New Media Inc. agreed to a $10 |
{"datasets_id": 650, "wiki_id": "Q62389259", "sp": 20, "sc": 1014, "ep": 20, "ec": 1442} | 650 | Q62389259 | 20 | 1,014 | 20 | 1,442 | BKN | History | million outsourcing partnership with UTV Toons of India.
In January 2009, BKNI was involved in talks to buy Entertainment Rights. The company was delisted from the London stock exchange while remaining on the Deutsche Bourse. In mid-year, BKN International filed for insolvency and began its sale of its assets in December 2009.
Bohbot left the company by July 2010 to start up a new company, 41 Entertainment. |
{"datasets_id": 651, "wiki_id": "Q4835926", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 566} | 651 | Q4835926 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 566 | BM/85 mine | BM/85 mine The BM/85 is an Italian blast resistant bounding anti-personnel mine that was produced by Tecnovar italiana SpA. The mine is cylindrical with a three pronged tilt/pressure fuze on the top with a central post for attaching a tripwire. A plastic safety clip prevents the fuze from tilting when in transit. Once the pressure clip is removed the mine is armed. Once the fuze is pulled sideways by a trip wire or by downward pressure, the mine is triggered. A small charge launches the mine to a height of about 0.45 meters where it explodes scattering 1,000 fragments to |
|
{"datasets_id": 651, "wiki_id": "Q4835926", "sp": 4, "sc": 566, "ep": 4, "ec": 880} | 651 | Q4835926 | 4 | 566 | 4 | 880 | BM/85 mine | a lethal radius of about 25 meters.
The mine is similar to the Valmara 69, both share a similar fuze mechanism which is resistant to blast overpressure making them difficult to clear rapidly.
The mine was in service with the Italian army but all operational stocks of the mine have been destroyed. |
|
{"datasets_id": 652, "wiki_id": "Q2267069", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 677} | 652 | Q2267069 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 677 | BMD-2 | Development | BMD-2 Development When the Soviet–Afghan War broke out, the Soviet forces operated BMP-1 IFVs and BMD-1 airborne IFVs. They were both armed with 73 mm 2A28 "Grom" low pressure smoothbore short-recoil semi-automatic gun, 9S428 ATGM launcher capable of firing 9M14 "Malyutka" (NATO: AT-3A Sagger A), 9M14M "Malyutka-M" (NATO: AT-3B Sagger B) and 9M14P "Malyutka-P" (NATO: AT-3C Sagger C) ATGMs and 7.62 mm PKT coaxial tank machine gun. Although their armament made for strong anti-tank firepower, it didn't provide sufficient firepower against enemy unarmored vehicles, infantry, firing points and light fortified positions, especially during mountain battles because of low elevation angle of the |
{"datasets_id": 652, "wiki_id": "Q2267069", "sp": 6, "sc": 677, "ep": 6, "ec": 1361} | 652 | Q2267069 | 6 | 677 | 6 | 1,361 | BMD-2 | Development | main gun.
In 1981 the units fighting in Afghanistan started receiving new BMP-2 IFVs. Its 30 mm 2A42 multi-purpose autocannon with two-belt loading system and very high elevation angle solved some of the serious drawbacks of the 73 mm 2A28 "Grom" gun. Also the 9S428 ATGM launcher was replaced by pintle-mounted 9P135M-1 ATGM launcher with semi-automatic control capable of firing SACLOS guided 9M113 "Konkurs" (AT-5 Spandrel), 9M113M "Konkurs-M" (AT-5B Spandrel B), 9M111 "Fagot" (AT-4 Spigot) and 9M111-2 "Fagot" (AT-4B Spigot B) ATGMs which proved to be much more effective and reliable than the MCLOS guided 9M14 "Malyutka" (AT-3 Sagger), 9M14M "Malyutka-M" (AT-3B Sagger |
{"datasets_id": 652, "wiki_id": "Q2267069", "sp": 6, "sc": 1361, "ep": 6, "ec": 1936} | 652 | Q2267069 | 6 | 1,361 | 6 | 1,936 | BMD-2 | Development | B) and 9M14P "Malyutka-P" (AT-3C Sagger C) ATGMs. Because of that the high command of Soviet airborne forces decided to arm their units with similar vehicles.
In the beginning it became obvious that the hull of BMD-1 was too small for the BMP-2 turret. Therefore, it was decided to design two vehicles. The first one was supposed to satisfy the immediate need of a new airborne IFV by modifying the BMD-1/BMP-1 turret, arming it with the same armament as the one on the BMP-2 and then fitting it onto the BMD-1 hull. The second vehicle was supposed to be much bigger |
{"datasets_id": 652, "wiki_id": "Q2267069", "sp": 6, "sc": 1936, "ep": 14, "ec": 188} | 652 | Q2267069 | 6 | 1,936 | 14 | 188 | BMD-2 | Development & Overview & Crew | to allow fitting of the BMP-2 turret and later became the BMD-3.
The modernized variant of BMD-1 was developed in 1983 and incorporated the new B-30 turret armed with 30 mm 2A42 multi-purpose autocannon, 7.62 mm PKT coaxial tank machine gun and pintle-mounted 9P135M-1 ATGM launcher. After it passed the trials it entered production in 1985. Overview BMD-2 has a slightly modernized BMD-1 hull and a new turret. Crew The BMD-2's crew is the same as the one in BMD-1 with slight changes like the fact that the commander no longer operates the left bow-mounted 7.62 mm PKT tank machine gun which was removed |
{"datasets_id": 652, "wiki_id": "Q2267069", "sp": 14, "sc": 188, "ep": 14, "ec": 726} | 652 | Q2267069 | 14 | 188 | 14 | 726 | BMD-2 | Crew | because the trials proved that he is too consumed by his primary duties to accurately fire it. He also received the R-123M radio set for communication.
The new turret seats the gunner on the left hand side of the main gun. On top of the turret there's one single piece circular hatch opening to the front. Located in front of the said hatch is the gunner's sight which is the same one as the one used in BMP-2. Another gunner's sight is located on the left hand side of the main gun and moves in vertical planes along with it. It |
{"datasets_id": 652, "wiki_id": "Q2267069", "sp": 14, "sc": 726, "ep": 22, "ec": 264} | 652 | Q2267069 | 14 | 726 | 22 | 264 | BMD-2 | Crew & Turret & Armament | is a high angle of fire sight used when the gunner is aiming at air targets. The vehicle also has additional periscopes that provide it with vision on the sides. A white searchlight is mounted in front of the turret. Turret The B-30 turret is a modified version of the BMP-1/BMD-1 turret. Armament The vehicle is armed with stabilized 30 mm 2A42 multi-purpose autocannon and 7.62 mm PKT coaxial tank machine gun (mounted on the right hand side of the main gun). The vehicle carries 300 rounds for the main gun (180 AP and 120 HE) and 2,940 rounds for the machine |
{"datasets_id": 652, "wiki_id": "Q2267069", "sp": 22, "sc": 264, "ep": 30, "ec": 18} | 652 | Q2267069 | 22 | 264 | 30 | 18 | BMD-2 | Armament & Maneuverability & Air-drop techniques | gun. The main gun can be elevated or depressed between 75° and -5° and can be used to fire at air targets. The turret is also armed with pintle-mounted 9P135M-1 ATGM launcher, on the right hand side of the roof of the turret, with semi-automatic control capable of firing SACLOS guided 9M113 "Konkurs" (AT-5 Spandrel), 9M113M "Konkurs-M" (AT-5B Spandrel B), 9M111 "Fagot" (AT-4 Spigot) and 9M111-2 "Fagot" (AT-4B Spigot B) ATGMs. Maneuverability The BMD-2 has the same engine and same suspension as the BMD-1 but it has a maximum road operational range of 450 km. Air-drop techniques The vehicle can be |
{"datasets_id": 652, "wiki_id": "Q2267069", "sp": 30, "sc": 18, "ep": 30, "ec": 617} | 652 | Q2267069 | 30 | 18 | 30 | 617 | BMD-2 | Air-drop techniques | transported by An-12, An-22, Il-76, An-124 airplanes and Mi-6 and Mi-26 helicopters.
A rocket parachute, the PRSM-915, was developed to ensure the vehicle's safe landing. To use the parachute, the BMD is first packed onto a special pallet before takeoff. To drop the BMD, a drogue chute is released that initially drags the BMD out of the Il-76 transport plane. Once clear of the plane a single large main chute opens. The deployment of the main chute triggers the deployment of four long rods which hang beneath the pallet. As soon as the rods touch the ground a retrorocket fires, slowing |
{"datasets_id": 652, "wiki_id": "Q2267069", "sp": 30, "sc": 617, "ep": 34, "ec": 247} | 652 | Q2267069 | 30 | 617 | 34 | 247 | BMD-2 | Air-drop techniques & Armour protection | the BMD to a descending speed between 6 m/s and 7 m/s and giving it a relatively soft landing. It allowed a BMD to be relatively safely parachuted with both the driver and the gunner. This system entered service in 1975 for the BMD-1, and was always used for the BMD-2 afterwards. Armour protection The aluminium armour thickness is 7 mm on the turret, 15 mm on the front of the hull and 10 mm on the rest of the hull. Hull's front armour has two sections: upper and lower. The upper section is angled at 78° while the lower one is angled at 50°. |
{"datasets_id": 652, "wiki_id": "Q2267069", "sp": 34, "sc": 247, "ep": 40, "ec": 10} | 652 | Q2267069 | 34 | 247 | 40 | 10 | BMD-2 | Armour protection & Troop compartment & Equipment | It's resistant to small arms fire and shrapnel. Troop compartment The design was made in order to save necessary weight, and sacrifices crew comfort. Like the BMD-1, the BMD-2 has an extremely cramped interior space. It is much smaller than the ones inside the BMP-1 and BMP-2 IFVs. It can carry five infantrymen, including vehicle's commander, bow machine gunner and three soldiers seated behind the turret.
It is equipped with periscope vision blocks on the sides and rear of the vehicle. Also there are only three firing ports, two on each side of the hull and one in the rear. Equipment |
{"datasets_id": 652, "wiki_id": "Q2267069", "sp": 42, "sc": 0, "ep": 50, "ec": 7} | 652 | Q2267069 | 42 | 0 | 50 | 7 | BMD-2 | Equipment & Service history & War in Donbass | The BMD-2 has the same equipment except for the R-123 radio set which was replaced by the R-123M radio set. Service history BMD-2 entered service with Soviet airborne forces in 1985. They took part in Soviet–Afghan War. Later they were used by Russian airborne units of SFOR including the Russian airborne brigade stationed in Tojsici which supported the Operation Joint Guard. It is also used by Russian airborne units stationed in Abkhazia. BMD-2s were also employed by Russian 234th Airborne Assault Regiment in the Russo-Georgian War in 2008, one of their number being lost in action. War in Donbass BMD-2s |
{"datasets_id": 652, "wiki_id": "Q2267069", "sp": 50, "sc": 6, "ep": 50, "ec": 360} | 652 | Q2267069 | 50 | 6 | 50 | 360 | BMD-2 | War in Donbass | were used by units of the Ukrainian Airmobile Forces, and by separatists of Novorossiya. Ukrainian Airborne BMD-2s were some of the first armored vehicles destroyed in the conflict. At least one BMD-2 was reported to have been used by separatists while they were besieged in the city of Sloviansk, and others separatists BMD-2s were recorded in action. |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 615} | 653 | Q4034735 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 615 | BRM Type 15 | Background | BRM Type 15 Background After the end of the Second World War motor racing slowly returned, based on whatever machinery could be found, largely consisting of the pre-war Voiturette cars conforming to a formula of supercharged 1.5-litre engines. One of the more successful voiturette constructors of the late 1930s had been English Racing Automobiles, founded by Raymond Mays and others. Mays was a very patriotic British driver with an enviable reputation, but despite considerable success in lesser races he had been given little opportunity to race in Grands Prix, since there were very few significant British attempts to build suitable |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 6, "sc": 615, "ep": 6, "ec": 1202} | 653 | Q4034735 | 6 | 615 | 6 | 1,202 | BRM Type 15 | Background | cars to challenge the dominant Italian and later German cars. In early 1939, ERA's wealthy backer Humphrey Cook withdrew his funding, and Mays along with talented and imaginative ERA engineer Peter Berthon founded Automobile Developments Ltd, a project to build a fully-fledged British Grand Prix car along the lines of Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union. Throughout the war, the idea gestated in the two men's minds, with Berthon latching on to the idea of a supercharged 135° V16 engine as had been proposed to power the British Union Grand Prix car. With the end of the war in sight, Mays |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 6, "sc": 1202, "ep": 10, "ec": 528} | 653 | Q4034735 | 6 | 1,202 | 10 | 528 | BRM Type 15 | Background & Design | began to look for backers within British industry for his project. Design Designers Peter Berthon and Eric Richter were expecting 500 bhp and at least 12,000rpm from their new British Racing Motors V16 engine, which was a 1.5-litre 135° V16 designed to meet the 1947 "Formula A" regulations that would go on to become Formula One in 1950. A V8 configuration had also been considered but it has been suggested that the V16 was chosen in part to bolster the car's image when approaching potential sponsors.
After Germany fell, Mays had access to several of the Mercedes and Auto Union designs, as |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 10, "sc": 528, "ep": 10, "ec": 1184} | 653 | Q4034735 | 10 | 528 | 10 | 1,184 | BRM Type 15 | Design | well as other relevant German wartime technology. This showed in the design of the chassis, with Auto Union derived trailing arm suspension at the front and Mercedes inspired de Dion radius arms at the rear. This arrangement did little for the car's road-holding, although few cars of the period handled particularly well. However the car used Lockheed oleo-pneumatic struts in place of the conventional coil spring and damper units, it being thought at the time that this aviation-derived system would become a common road car arrangement.
Another significant departure from previous designs was the use of twin centrifugal rather than Roots-type |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 10, "sc": 1184, "ep": 10, "ec": 1803} | 653 | Q4034735 | 10 | 1,184 | 10 | 1,803 | BRM Type 15 | Design | superchargers, developed by Rolls-Royce based on the units used on later versions of the Merlin aero engine. This was to prove one of the car's main shortcomings, as while it allowed for tremendous power at high revs the engine produced significantly less power lower down the rev range meaning drivers were constantly struggling to keep the revs within a very small power band.
The chassis itself was not particularly advanced, essentially a ladder chassis with pairs of tubes running down either flank of the car each linked with welded sheet metal, with cross members running across the car between the two. |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 10, "sc": 1803, "ep": 14, "ec": 28} | 653 | Q4034735 | 10 | 1,803 | 14 | 28 | BRM Type 15 | Design & Racing at last | Much attention was paid to keeping the centre of gravity low, and the Type 15 has a significantly lower profile compared with other Formula One cars of the time. Steering was by recirculating ball and nut, and continued to be so despite calls from Stirling Moss in particular to switch to a rack and pinion system to increase responsiveness. Initially the car had drum brakes developed by Girling with three shoes per corner, but in late 1951 the team began to fit disc brakes, a first for a Formula One car. Racing at last With all the delays the team |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 14, "sc": 28, "ep": 14, "ec": 582} | 653 | Q4034735 | 14 | 28 | 14 | 582 | BRM Type 15 | Racing at last | found themselves well behind as the new World Championship began at the British Grand Prix in May. Not being in a position to enter the race itself, Mays gave the car a demonstration run in front of the very large Silverstone crowd and donations from the public flooded in. A second car was completed later in 1950 and the team set the International Trophy as the car's first full race meeting, in part due to pressure from the team's backers and also the Daily Express who in addition to sponsoring the event had prepared a brochure about the car which |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 14, "sc": 582, "ep": 14, "ec": 1140} | 653 | Q4034735 | 14 | 582 | 14 | 1,140 | BRM Type 15 | Racing at last | was to be distributed amongst the spectators.
The much anticipated début by the new machines could not have gone much worse. Of the two cars, only Raymond Sommer's car was fit to start at the back of the qualifying race after the car had been flown down overnight, and at the start the car lurched forward only a few inches before being stranded by a drive shaft failure, putting it out of both that race and the final. Loud boos rang out from the crowd and as the car was wheeled away some even mockingly threw pennies at the car.
The car's |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 14, "sc": 1140, "ep": 14, "ec": 1689} | 653 | Q4034735 | 14 | 1,140 | 14 | 1,689 | BRM Type 15 | Racing at last | second race meeting at Goodwood a month later was considerably more encouraging despite very wet conditions, with Reg Parnell winning not only the minor Woodcote Cup but also the full Formula One Goodwood Trophy later that same day. "All we need now is a little longer time to develop it and then we hope to show the continent what we really can do" said Parnell after the race, but in truth the cold conditions had masked overheating problems that would later come back to haunt the team. The final outing for 1950 came with a two car entry at the |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 14, "sc": 1689, "ep": 18, "ec": 378} | 653 | Q4034735 | 14 | 1,689 | 18 | 378 | BRM Type 15 | Racing at last & 1951 | Spanish Grand Prix, but after qualifying fourth and fifth Parnell was out early when his supercharger's drive shaft snapped before Peter Walker retired at two-thirds distance because of an oil leak in his gearbox. 1951 For 1951 two new cars were built with improvements to the brakes, steering and fuel tanks, and were entered into the team's first full Championship Grand Prix at Silverstone. Problems with the cars prevented them setting qualifying times, but both cars were ready to start from the back. The exhausts of the cars had been designed to run within the bodywork, but with this being |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 18, "sc": 378, "ep": 18, "ec": 950} | 653 | Q4034735 | 18 | 378 | 18 | 950 | BRM Type 15 | 1951 | the first race the cars had run to a full Grand Prix length the drivers found themselves dealing with almost unbearable heat within the cockpit, to the point that they had to have burns dressings applied during pitstops to act as insulation and protect the arms from the hot exhaust piping. With the thought of all the effort that had gone into the project Parnell and Walker steeled themselves to struggle on to the finish and came home in fifth and seventh, albeit several laps down on the winning Ferrari of José Froilán González.
The car's next race was deep |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 18, "sc": 950, "ep": 18, "ec": 1543} | 653 | Q4034735 | 18 | 950 | 18 | 1,543 | BRM Type 15 | 1951 | within "enemy territory", at Monza for the Italian Grand Prix. BRM turned up with two cars and a very impressive transporter, with Parnell now partnered with BRM mechanic and test driver Ken Richardson. In practice the pair were unable to run their cars to the full but set the eighth and tenth fastest times, but then Richardson's entry was cancelled on the grounds that he had insufficient racing experience. Mays turned down the organisers' requests that he step in, but 50-year-old Hans Stuck agreed to drive and did a few practice laps. However an inspection of the gearboxes showed they |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 18, "sc": 1543, "ep": 22, "ec": 112} | 653 | Q4034735 | 18 | 1,543 | 22 | 112 | BRM Type 15 | 1951 & Change of regulations 1952 | were not too far from seizure, and both cars were withdrawn before the race on safety grounds.
There were to be no further races in 1951, a car entered for Parnell in the Goodwood Trophy failing to arrive. Parnell still managed to finish second in a Ferrari entered by Tony Vandervell, who by now had grown tired of the BRM project and left to conquer Formula One in his own way, becoming a bitter rival to the BRMs. Change of regulations 1952 At the start of 1952 Alfa Romeo announced the withdrawal of their Alfettas from the World Championship, and with |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 22, "sc": 112, "ep": 22, "ec": 668} | 653 | Q4034735 | 22 | 112 | 22 | 668 | BRM Type 15 | Change of regulations 1952 | 1951 Champion Juan Manuel Fangio now a free agent Mays saw an opportunity to sign him up for BRM. Mays invited Fangio to test the car at Folkingham, and in an all-out effort to curry favour with the busy driver he decided that having a working car on hand for testing at a time convenient for Fangio was more important than entering April's Gran Premio del Valentino in Turin, and with financial problems also weighing on Mays' mind BRM withdrew their three entries from the race.
It turned out to be an error for BRM. With not only no Alfa Romeos |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 22, "sc": 668, "ep": 22, "ec": 1248} | 653 | Q4034735 | 22 | 668 | 22 | 1,248 | BRM Type 15 | Change of regulations 1952 | but now no BRMs to challenge them either, Ferraris romped home in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th, with Peter Whitehead's Thinwall Special Ferrari in 4th. Faced with the prospect of a season dominated by just a single serious Formula One team, the FIA bowed to pressure from race organisers and decreed that the World Championship Grands Prix would be run to Formula Two regulations, for which the Type 15 was not admissible. As it turned out Ferrari won every championship Grand Prix that year anyway, but with no car eligible for the World Championship BRM had to content themselves with |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 22, "sc": 1248, "ep": 26, "ec": 504} | 653 | Q4034735 | 22 | 1,248 | 26 | 504 | BRM Type 15 | Change of regulations 1952 & Non-championship career | various non-championship Formula one, Formula Libre and minor British races. Non-championship career Fangio and fellow Argentine José Froilán González both started on the front row in the BRMs at the Albi GP but after running one and two both suffered overheating problems that put them out. For the Ulster Trophy Stirling Moss partnered Fangio, but clutch issues did for Moss at the start and Fangio had to retire with a blocked oil filter.
The next day Fangio's season was terminated by a serious crash in Italy, so Ken Wharton lined up at the Formula Libre race that supported the British Grand |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 26, "sc": 504, "ep": 26, "ec": 1076} | 653 | Q4034735 | 26 | 504 | 26 | 1,076 | BRM Type 15 | Non-championship career | Prix with González, who set fastest time in practise but slid off and damaged a radiator while running second in the race. He took over Wharton's car but had to retire from third when his gearbox failed with only three laps left. Neither car managed to finish the International Trophy either, but Reg Parnell did manage to win an FL race in Scotland. BRM entered three cars in each of the races at Goodwood, with first and third closely followed by a one-two-three in two races, another second place following in the car's last race of the year at Charterhall.
By |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 26, "sc": 1076, "ep": 26, "ec": 1627} | 653 | Q4034735 | 26 | 1,076 | 26 | 1,627 | BRM Type 15 | Non-championship career | now though many of BRM's backers had already had enough and decided to sell the team to Alfred Owen. Stirling Moss later spoke of the Type 15 and did not have warm feelings of the experience of racing it; he called the car "without doubt the worst car I ever raced - it was a disgrace."
With the new team in place for 1953, the Type 15 finally started to produce some consistent results. At the Easter Goodwood races Wharton was second in the first race ahead of Parnell in fourth, with Wharton winning the second race. He also finished third |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 26, "sc": 1627, "ep": 30, "ec": 81} | 653 | Q4034735 | 26 | 1,627 | 30 | 81 | BRM Type 15 | Non-championship career & BRM P30 | at Charterhall. At Albi the Type 15 struggled with tyres throwing their treads but managed first, second and fifth in the heat, with González second in the final as the other two cars dropped out. At Silverstone for the Grand Prix meeting Fangio came second with Wharton third. Wharton then won three races in succession at Snetterton and Charterhall, and after three podium places in two races for the team at Goodwood Wharton won the last race of the year at Castle Combe. BRM P30 For 1954 an updated version of the Type 15 was produced which weighed over 200 lb |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 30, "sc": 81, "ep": 30, "ec": 623} | 653 | Q4034735 | 30 | 81 | 30 | 623 | BRM Type 15 | BRM P30 | (91 kg) less than the original car and featured a shorter wheelbase and a much smaller fuel tank, since the car was no longer taking part in long races. Wharton raced the old car in two races in New Zealand but could do no better than two third places because of car problems. The two new P30s, as the Mk.2 cars came to be known, appeared in thirteen races at ten different meetings in the year, driven by Wharton and Ron Flockhart. Between them they won five of the first six races, but various spins and problems prevented them from adding |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 30, "sc": 623, "ep": 34, "ec": 306} | 653 | Q4034735 | 30 | 623 | 34 | 306 | BRM Type 15 | BRM P30 & Survivors | to their tally. By now though the team was working to get back into Formula One and 1955 was the car's last year of racing. From six races Peter Collins took two wins and Flockhart picked up two second places. Survivors A total of four Type 15s were produced, one of which was written off by a collision during the Glover Trophy and salvaged for spares, while another car that crashed at Albi was used as the basis for one of the two P30s produced. One Type 15 is on display at the National Motor Museum in Beaulieu, the other |
{"datasets_id": 653, "wiki_id": "Q4034735", "sp": 34, "sc": 306, "ep": 34, "ec": 713} | 653 | Q4034735 | 34 | 306 | 34 | 713 | BRM Type 15 | Survivors | is on display as part of the Donington Grand Prix Exhibition in its original light green paint scheme alongside a P30 and a cutaway V16 engine. The fourth surviving car, another P30, is in the ownership of Bernie Ecclestone, having previously been owned by Pink Floyd drummer Nick Mason. The cars can sometimes be seen in action at the various historic racing events such as the Goodwood Festival of Speed. |
{"datasets_id": 654, "wiki_id": "Q4837564", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 600} | 654 | Q4837564 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 600 | Babayo Garba Gamawa | Political career | Babayo Garba Gamawa Political career Babayo Garba Gamawa served as both the Deputy Governor and Speaker of the Bauchi State House of Assembly. He became Deputy Governor of Bauchi when Alhaji Mohammed Garba Gadi was impeached from his position. When this impeachment was appealed and the original ruling was deemed unconstitutional, Gadi arrived at the offices to reclaim his seat. Gamawa refused to give up his seat and his supporters rioted in the street, saying "Gamawa is the authentic deputy governor." Gadi's supporters, however, proclaimed that "the owner has arrived, the pretender should roll up his mat." Gamawa would eventually |
{"datasets_id": 654, "wiki_id": "Q4837564", "sp": 6, "sc": 600, "ep": 6, "ec": 850} | 654 | Q4837564 | 6 | 600 | 6 | 850 | Babayo Garba Gamawa | Political career | concede and Gadi would reclaim his seat as Deputy Governor.
In 2011, he was elected as the Bauchi North Senator for the 7th National Assembly. He was the Vice-President of the Aviation Committee and a member of the Land Transport Committee. |
{"datasets_id": 655, "wiki_id": "Q21647254", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 576} | 655 | Q21647254 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 576 | Babu Bangaram | Plot | Babu Bangaram Plot ACP Krishna (Venkatesh) is a kindhearted man who has a lot of empathy even towards criminals. Sailaja (Nayanthara) is the daughter of an accused person named Sastry (Jayaprakash) for a murder, wanted by the police and hiding somewhere. Sailaja runs her family with a catering business and is struggling for her four sisters and grandmother (Sowcar Janaki) on one side. On another side, she is facing an existential threat from Mallesh Yadav (Sampath Raj), a big goon who is a henchman of MLA Puchappa (Posani Krishna Murali), and who both are after Sastry. One more thing that |
{"datasets_id": 655, "wiki_id": "Q21647254", "sp": 6, "sc": 576, "ep": 6, "ec": 1155} | 655 | Q21647254 | 6 | 576 | 6 | 1,155 | Babu Bangaram | Plot | suffers her is Battayi Babji (Prudhviraj), her maternal uncle's son who tortures her every day to marry him.
Once, Krishna meets Sailaja when she is in a sorrow mood. The sympathy inside him works out, and he falls in love with her at first sight. Afterward, he comes to know about her problems, and the fact that Sailaja hates the police. Because of this, he hides his identity, targets Babji, traps him with some comic tricks, introduces himself to Sailaja as a common man with Babji's help, and starts helping her and her family. In this process, they develop a bond, |
{"datasets_id": 655, "wiki_id": "Q21647254", "sp": 6, "sc": 1155, "ep": 6, "ec": 1760} | 655 | Q21647254 | 6 | 1,155 | 6 | 1,760 | Babu Bangaram | Plot | and Sailaja also starts loving him. However, Krishna's real agenda is completely different. He has been appointed by the commissioner (Murali Sharma) to catch Sailaja father Sastry. That is why he had made this entire plan.
Meanwhile, Sailaja's grandmother collapses from a heart attack and wants to see her son Sastry, Krishna forces Sailaja to call her father. By giving an assurance, he makes her do so. However, his actual motive is to catch him. Sastry visits the hospital. When Krishna tries to arrest him, he listens to the good impression that Sailaja and her family are having on him, so |
{"datasets_id": 655, "wiki_id": "Q21647254", "sp": 6, "sc": 1760, "ep": 6, "ec": 2355} | 655 | Q21647254 | 6 | 1,760 | 6 | 2,355 | Babu Bangaram | Plot | he is not able to arrest him. Suddenly a CI (Brahmaji), who is an assistant to Krishna, enters the scene, surrounds Sastry, and reveals the entire truth regarding Krishna. Sastry escapes from there but is suddenly attacked by goons of Puchappa and Mallesh. He is seriously injured and goes into a coma. Krishna protects him and joins in the hospital, but when Sailaja comes to know Krishna's real motive, she starts hating him and asks him to never show his face. Things get upset between the couple, and they break up with each other.
Soon after, Krishna starts a serious investigation |
{"datasets_id": 655, "wiki_id": "Q21647254", "sp": 6, "sc": 2355, "ep": 6, "ec": 2953} | 655 | Q21647254 | 6 | 2,355 | 6 | 2,953 | Babu Bangaram | Plot | to explore the hidden truth in which he comes to know that Sastry is an income tax officer. In a raid at Puchappa's house, he and his superior officer get a pendrive, which contains life secrets of Puchappa and Mallesh. The superior officer tries make a deal with Mallesh. Knowing this, Sastry keeps the pendrive under wrap. Because of this, Puchappa and Mallesh kill the superior officer, put the blame on Sastry, and they are after the pendrive and his family.
The rest of the story is all about how Krishna protects Sailaja's family, proves her father's innocence, catches the culprits, |
{"datasets_id": 655, "wiki_id": "Q21647254", "sp": 6, "sc": 2953, "ep": 18, "ec": 203} | 655 | Q21647254 | 6 | 2,953 | 18 | 203 | Babu Bangaram | Plot & Release & Reception & Box office | and gets back his love. Release 12 August 2016 was announced as the worldwide release date. In 2017, it was dubbed into Hindi as Revolver Raja. Reception The film has opened to some decent reviews all over. Noted website, 123telugu has rated the film 3.25 stars and quoted that "Venkatesh is the heart of the film which is a complete time pass family entertainer". Box office Babu Bangaram collected approximately $177,045 from 97 screens at the U.S. box office in the premiere shows on Thursday. This is the highest collection for a movie featuring Venkatesh and "Babu Bangaram" |
{"datasets_id": 655, "wiki_id": "Q21647254", "sp": 18, "sc": 203, "ep": 18, "ec": 484} | 655 | Q21647254 | 18 | 203 | 18 | 484 | Babu Bangaram | Box office | has become the biggest opener for him. The movie has shattered the record of "Race Gurram", which collected $102,782 at the U.S. premieres. Its collection is on par with that of Allu Arjun's "Sarainodu", which collected $190,679 from 95 locations at paid preview shows in the U.S. |
{"datasets_id": 656, "wiki_id": "Q24572313", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 18, "ec": 104} | 656 | Q24572313 | 2 | 0 | 18 | 104 | Baburao Chinchansur | Early life & Political party & Ministry & Controversy | Baburao Chinchansur Early life Chinchansur was born to Basavannappa Chinchansur and hails from Gulbarga in Karnataka. He did his Master of Arts from Mysore University. Political party He is from the Bharatiya Janata Party. Ministry He was the Minister for Textiles Ports & Inland Transport K. Siddaramaiah led Indian National Congress Karnataka Government. Controversy A woman had alleged that the minister borrowed Rs 11.88 crore from her in 2011, but has not returned it. |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 576} | 657 | Q11106 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 576 | Bacon | Bacon Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork. Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which have less fat than the belly. It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich). Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant. The word is derived from the Old High German bacho, meaning "buttock", "ham" or "side of bacon", and is cognate with the Old French bacon.
Meat from |
|
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 4, "sc": 576, "ep": 8, "ec": 178} | 657 | Q11106 | 4 | 576 | 8 | 178 | Bacon | Curing and smoking | other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as, for example, "turkey bacon". Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations as both religions prohibit the consumption of pork. Vegetarian bacons such as "soy bacon" also exist and attract vegetarians and vegans. Curing and smoking Bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine, known as wet curing, or using plain crystal salt, known as dry curing. Bacon brine has added curing |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 8, "sc": 178, "ep": 8, "ec": 745} | 657 | Q11106 | 8 | 178 | 8 | 745 | Bacon | Curing and smoking | ingredients, most notably sodium nitrite (or less often, potassium nitrate), which speed the curing and stabilize color. Fresh bacon may then be dried for weeks or months in cold air, or it may be smoked or boiled. Fresh and dried bacon are typically cooked before eating, often by pan frying. Boiled bacon is ready to eat, as is some smoked bacon, but they may be cooked further before eating. Differing flavours can be achieved by using various types of wood, or less common fuels such as corn cobs or peat. This process can take up to eighteen hours, depending on |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 8, "sc": 745, "ep": 8, "ec": 1346} | 657 | Q11106 | 8 | 745 | 8 | 1,346 | Bacon | Curing and smoking | the intensity of the flavour desired. The Virginia Housewife (1824), thought to be one of the earliest American cookbooks, gives no indication that bacon is ever not smoked, though it gives no advice on flavouring, noting only that care should be taken lest the fire get too hot. In early American history, the curing and smoking of bacon (like the making of sausage) seems to have been one of the few food-preparation processes not divided by gender.
Bacon is distinguished from other salt-cured pork by differences in the cuts of meat used and in the brine or dry packing. Historically, the |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 8, "sc": 1346, "ep": 8, "ec": 1922} | 657 | Q11106 | 8 | 1,346 | 8 | 1,922 | Bacon | Curing and smoking | terms "ham" and "bacon" referred to different cuts of meat that were brined or packed identically, often together in the same barrel. Today, ham is defined as coming from the hind portion of the pig and brine specifically for curing ham includes a greater amount of sugar, while bacon is less sweet, though ingredients such as brown sugar or maple syrup are used for flavor. Bacon is similar to salt pork, which in modern times is often prepared from similar cuts, but salt pork is never smoked, and has a much higher salt content.
For safety, bacon may be treated to |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 8, "sc": 1922, "ep": 16, "ec": 209} | 657 | Q11106 | 8 | 1,922 | 16 | 209 | Bacon | Curing and smoking & Around the world & Australia and New Zealand | prevent trichinosis, caused by Trichinella, a parasitic roundworm which can be destroyed by heating, freezing, drying, or smoking. Sodium polyphosphates, such as sodium triphosphate, may also be added to make the product easier to slice and to reduce spattering when the bacon is pan-fried. Around the world Bacon is often served with eggs and sausages as part of a full breakfast. Australia and New Zealand The most common form sold is middle bacon, which includes some of the streaky, fatty section of side bacon along with a portion of the loin of back bacon. In response to increasing consumer diet-consciousness, |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 16, "sc": 209, "ep": 20, "ec": 385} | 657 | Q11106 | 16 | 209 | 20 | 385 | Bacon | Australia and New Zealand & Canada | some supermarkets also offer the loin section only. This is sold as short cut bacon and is usually priced slightly higher than middle bacon. Both varieties are usually available with the rind removed. Canada In Canada, the term bacon on its own typically refers to side bacon. Canadian-style back bacon is a lean cut from the eye of the pork loin with little surrounding fat. Peameal bacon is an unsmoked back bacon, wet-cured and coated in fine-ground cornmeal (historically, it was rolled in ground, dried peas); it is popular in southern Ontario. Bacon is often eaten in breakfasts, such as |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 20, "sc": 385, "ep": 24, "ec": 542} | 657 | Q11106 | 20 | 385 | 24 | 542 | Bacon | Canada & Germany | with cooked eggs or pancakes. Maple syrup is often used as a flavouring while curing bacon in Canada. Germany Some of the meanings of bacon overlap with the German-language term Speck. Germans use the term bacon explicitly for Frühstücksspeck ('breakfast Speck') which are cured or smoked pork slices. Traditional German cold cuts favor ham over bacon, however "Wammerl" (grilled pork belly) remains popular in Bavaria.
Small bacon cubes (called "Grieben" or "Grammerln" in Austria and southern Germany) have been a rather important ingredient of various southern German dishes. They are used for adding flavor to soups and salads and for speck |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 24, "sc": 542, "ep": 28, "ec": 350} | 657 | Q11106 | 24 | 542 | 28 | 350 | Bacon | Germany & Japan | dumplings and various noodle and potato dishes. Instead of preparing them at home from larger slices, they have been sold ready made as convenience foods recently as "Baconwürfel" ("bacon cubes") in German retail stores. Japan In Japan, bacon (ベーコン) is pronounced "bēkon". It is cured and smoked belly meat as in the US, and is sold in either regular or half-length sizes. Bacon in Japan is different from that in the US in that the meat is not sold raw, but is processed, precooked and has a ham-like consistency when cooked. Uncured, sliced pork belly, known as bara (バラ), is |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 28, "sc": 350, "ep": 32, "ec": 409} | 657 | Q11106 | 28 | 350 | 32 | 409 | Bacon | Japan & United Kingdom and Ireland | very popular in Japan and is used in a variety of dishes (e.g. yakitori and yakiniku). United Kingdom and Ireland Back bacon is the most common form in the UK and Ireland, and is the usual meaning of the plain term "bacon". A thin slice of bacon is known as a rasher; about 70% of bacon is sold as rashers. Heavily trimmed back cuts which consist of just the eye of meat, known as a medallion, are also available. All types may be unsmoked or smoked. The side cut normal in America is known as "streaky bacon", and there is |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 32, "sc": 409, "ep": 32, "ec": 977} | 657 | Q11106 | 32 | 409 | 32 | 977 | Bacon | United Kingdom and Ireland | also a long cut, curving round on itself, known as "middle bacon", which is back bacon at one end, and streaky at the other, as well as less common cuts. Bacon is also sold and served as joints, usually boiled, broiled or roast, or in thicker slices called chops or steaks. These are usually eaten as part of other meals.
Bacon may be cured in several ways, and may be smoked or unsmoked; unsmoked bacon is known as "green bacon". Fried or grilled bacon rashers are included in the "traditional" full breakfast. Hot bacon sandwiches are a popular cafe dish in |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 32, "sc": 977, "ep": 40, "ec": 57} | 657 | Q11106 | 32 | 977 | 40 | 57 | Bacon | United Kingdom and Ireland & United States & Bacon mania | the UK and Ireland, and is anecdotally recommended as a hangover cure. United States The term bacon on its own generally refers to side bacon, which is the most popular type of bacon sold in the US. Back bacon is known as "Canadian bacon" or "Canadian-style bacon", and is usually sold pre-cooked and thick-sliced. American bacons include varieties smoked with hickory, mesquite or applewood and flavourings such as chili pepper, maple, brown sugar, honey, or molasses. A side of unsliced bacon is known as "slab bacon". Bacon mania The United States and Canada have seen an increase in the |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 40, "sc": 57, "ep": 40, "ec": 704} | 657 | Q11106 | 40 | 57 | 40 | 704 | Bacon | Bacon mania | popularity of bacon and bacon-related recipes, dubbed "bacon mania". The sale of bacon in the US has increased significantly since 2011. Sales climbed 9.5% in 2013, making it an all-time high of nearly $4 billion in US. In a survey conducted by Smithfield, 65% of Americans would support bacon as their "national food". Dishes such as bacon explosion, chicken fried bacon, and chocolate-covered bacon have been popularised over the internet, as has using candied bacon. Recipes spread quickly through both countries' national media, culinary blogs, and YouTube. Restaurants have organised and are organising bacon and beer tasting nights, The New |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 40, "sc": 704, "ep": 40, "ec": 1316} | 657 | Q11106 | 40 | 704 | 40 | 1,316 | Bacon | Bacon mania | York Times reported on bacon infused with Irish whiskey used for Saint Patrick's Day cocktails, and celebrity chef Bobby Flay has endorsed a "Bacon of the Month" club online, in print, and on national television.
Commentators explain this surging interest in bacon by reference to what they deem American cultural characteristics. Sarah Hepola, in a 2008 article in Salon.com, suggests a number of reasons, one of them being that eating bacon in the modern, health-conscious world is an act of rebellion: "Loving bacon is like shoving a middle finger in the face of all that is healthy and holy while an |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 40, "sc": 1316, "ep": 40, "ec": 1999} | 657 | Q11106 | 40 | 1,316 | 40 | 1,999 | Bacon | Bacon mania | unfiltered cigarette smoulders between your lips." She also suggests bacon is sexy (with a reference to Sarah Katherine Lewis' book Sex and Bacon), kitsch, and funny. Hepola concludes by saying that "Bacon is American".
Alison Cook, writing in the Houston Chronicle, argues the case of bacon's American citizenship by referring to historical and geographical uses of bacon. Early American literature echoes the sentiment—in Ebenezer Cooke's 1708 poem The Sot-Weed Factor, a satire of life in early colonial America, the narrator already complains that practically all the food in America was bacon-infused.
On 1 February 2017, The Ohio Pork Council released a report |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 40, "sc": 1999, "ep": 44, "ec": 480} | 657 | Q11106 | 40 | 1,999 | 44 | 480 | Bacon | Bacon mania & Bacon dishes | that demand for pork belly (bacon) product is outpacing supply. As of December 2016 national frozen pork belly inventory totaled 17.8 million lb (8.1 million kg), the lowest level in 50 years. Bacon dishes Bacon dishes include bacon and eggs, bacon, lettuce, and tomato (BLT) sandwiches, Cobb salad, and various bacon-wrapped foods, such as scallops, shrimp, and asparagus. Recently invented bacon dishes include chicken fried bacon, chocolate covered bacon, and the bacon explosion. Tatws Pum Munud is a traditional Welsh stew, made with sliced potatoes, vegetables and smoked bacon. Bacon jam and bacon marmalade are also commercially available.
In the US and Europe, bacon is |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 44, "sc": 480, "ep": 48, "ec": 31} | 657 | Q11106 | 44 | 480 | 48 | 31 | Bacon | Bacon dishes & Bacon fat | commonly used as a condiment or topping on other foods, often in the form of bacon bits. Streaky bacon is more commonly used as a topping in the US on such items as pizza, salads, sandwiches, hamburgers, baked potatoes, hot dogs, and soups. In the US, sliced smoked back bacon is used less frequently than the streaky variety, but can sometimes be found on pizza, salads, and omelettes.
Bacon is also used in adaptations of dishes; for example, bacon wrapped meatloaf, and can be mixed in with green beans or served sautéed over spinach. Bacon fat Bacon fat liquefies and becomes |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 48, "sc": 31, "ep": 48, "ec": 634} | 657 | Q11106 | 48 | 31 | 48 | 634 | Bacon | Bacon fat | drippings when it is heated. Once cool, it firms into a form of lard. Bacon fat is flavourful and is used for various cooking purposes. Traditionally, bacon grease is saved in British and southern US cuisine, and used as a base for cooking and as an all-purpose flavouring, for everything from gravy to cornbread to salad dressing.
In Germany, Griebenschmalz is a popular spread made from bacon lard.
Bacon is often used for a cooking technique called barding consisting of laying or wrapping strips of bacon or other fats over a roast to provide additional fat to a lean piece of meat. |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 48, "sc": 634, "ep": 52, "ec": 8} | 657 | Q11106 | 48 | 634 | 52 | 8 | Bacon | Bacon fat & Nutrients | It is often used for roast game birds, and is a traditional method of preparing beef filet mignon, which is wrapped in strips of bacon before cooking. The bacon itself may afterwards be discarded or served to eat, like cracklings. It may also be cut into lardons.
One teaspoon (4 g or 0.14 oz) of bacon grease has 38 calories (40 kJ/g). It is composed almost completely of fat, with very little additional nutritional value. Bacon fat is roughly 40% saturated. Despite the disputed health risks of excessive bacon grease consumption, it remains popular in the cuisine of the American South. Nutrients One 10-g |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 52, "sc": 8, "ep": 56, "ec": 250} | 657 | Q11106 | 52 | 8 | 56 | 250 | Bacon | Nutrients & Health concerns | slice of cooked side bacon contains 4.5 g of fat, 3.0 g of protein, and 205 mg of sodium. The fat, protein, and sodium content varies depending on the cut and cooking method.
68% of the food energy of bacon comes from fat, almost half of which is saturated. A serving of three slices of bacon contains 30 milligrams of cholesterol (0.1%). Health concerns Studies have consistently found the consumption of processed meat to be linked to increased mortality, and to an increased risk of developing a number of serious health conditions including cancer, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Although |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 56, "sc": 250, "ep": 64, "ec": 200} | 657 | Q11106 | 56 | 250 | 64 | 200 | Bacon | Health concerns & Alternatives & Turkey bacon | as of 2017 these links have not been definitely established as causal, they are likely to be.
According to the World Health Organization, regular consumption of processed meats such as bacon increases the likelihood of developing colorectal cancers by 18%. Alternatives Several alternatives to and substitutes for bacon have been developed for those who cannot or prefer not to eat standard pork bacon. Turkey bacon Turkey bacon is an alternative to bacon. People may choose turkey bacon over real bacon due to health benefits, religious laws, or other reasons. It is lower in fat and food energy than bacon, but may |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 64, "sc": 200, "ep": 68, "ec": 118} | 657 | Q11106 | 64 | 200 | 68 | 118 | Bacon | Turkey bacon & Macon | be used in a similar manner (such as in a BLT sandwich).
The meat for turkey bacon comes from the whole turkey and can be cured or uncured, smoked, chopped, and reformed into strips that resemble bacon. Turkey bacon is cooked by pan-frying. Cured turkey bacon made from dark meat can be 90% fat free. The low fat content of turkey bacon means it does not shrink while being cooked and has a tendency to stick to the pan. Macon Macon is another alternative to bacon, produced by curing cuts of mutton in a manner similar to the production of pork |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 68, "sc": 118, "ep": 72, "ec": 280} | 657 | Q11106 | 68 | 118 | 72 | 280 | Bacon | Macon & Vegetarian bacon | bacon. Historically produced in Scotland, it was introduced across Britain during World War II as a consequence of rationing. It is today available as an alternative to bacon, produced for the Muslim market and sold at halal butchers; it is largely similar in appearance to pork bacon except for the darker colour. Vegetarian bacon Vegetarian bacon, also referred to as facon, veggie bacon, or vacon, is a product marketed as a bacon alternative. It has no cholesterol, is low in fat, and contains large amounts of protein and fibre. Two slices contain about 310 kilojoules (74 kcal). Vegetarian bacon is usually |
{"datasets_id": 657, "wiki_id": "Q11106", "sp": 72, "sc": 280, "ep": 76, "ec": 549} | 657 | Q11106 | 72 | 280 | 76 | 549 | Bacon | Vegetarian bacon & Reception | made from marinated strips of textured soy protein or tempeh. Reception Bacon Today states that bacon has a very valuable amount of protein that is "valuable to maintaining our energy levels and a fully functioning, healthy body". Everything Tastes Better with Bacon, a book by Sara Perry, is a cookbook that compliments bacon's many uses in cooking.
On the other hand, as with most meat products, producers of bacon have received heavy criticism for how their pigs are treated. Many petitions and protests have been made trying to raise awareness and change how producers treat their pigs. Many of these protests |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.