Split (3)

train · 35.8k rows

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.

url stringlengths 27 124	title stringlengths 10 107	summary stringlengths 15 6.15k	article stringlengths 0 117k	step_headers stringlengths 0 5.75k
https://www.wikihow.com/Install-a-Wood-Stove	How to Install a Wood Stove	Before you install a wood stove, check the clearance rating on the model you've chosen so you know how far away from walls and furniture it has to be for safety reasons. Then, choose a suitable place in your house based on the clearance information. Once you've found a spot, lay a non-combustible floor covering on the area, such as ceramic or concrete. Next, install heat shields made out of sheet metal on any walls close to your stove to reduce the fire risk. Finally, move your stove into place and fit a chimney if required.	Decide on a location for your stove. You don't want to have to make the decision of where to put your stove as you are wheeling the 500-lb iron behemoth around on a dolly. Designate a site in your house for your stove well in advance of when you plan to buy it. Since stoves are space heaters, generally, you'll want the stove on the first floor of your house where you spend most of your time so that it can warm you effectively throughout the day. To further maximize the efficiency of your wood stove, try to pick a spot in a room with especially good insulation so that the heat from the stove is not lost through the walls or windows. Keep in mind that every wood stove requires a chimney. Take this into account when choosing a spot for your stove. If you plan for your chimney to extend straight up through the roof, for instance, you may not want to pick a spot for your stove that's directly under one of your second floor's main support beams. Observe your stove's clearance rating when picking a suitable spot. Wood stoves can get very, very hot during use. Radiating heat from the stove can pose a hazard to nearby walls and furniture, so wood stoves generally have a specified clearance - a minimum safe distance between the stove and nearby floors and walls. Your stove clearance can depend on where you live, whether your residence's floors and walls are combustible, and the type and size of wood stove you have. If in doubt about your stove's clearance rating, contact your stove's manufacturer. This applies only if your stove is UL or CSA listed - please check the label. If not you may still be able to install it. Check if your locality allows non-listed solid-fuel appliances (this is what wood stoves are officially called). If yes then check next with your insurance company. If all is good you can install your unlisted stove according to NFPA211. This will specify all clearances. Choose a certified wood stove. As you shop for wood stoves, be sure to check that any stove you're considering buying is properly certified as meeting criteria for safety and environmental friendliness. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) certifies wood stoves as meeting certain emissions standards. The EPA regularly publishes exhaustive lists of certified wood stoves, but certified stoves should also be labeled with both a temporary paper label and a permanent metal label. Pick a stove that's the right size for your needs. Generally, the larger a wood stove is, the hotter it can become when it's full of burning wood. Thus, small rooms can become uncomfortably warm from the heat provided by an especially large wood stove. Most wood stove manufacturers list their stoves' maximum heat output per hour in British Thermal Units (BTU) - most popular stoves fall between 25,000 to 80,000 BTU. The average medium-sized house requires only about 5,000 to 25,000 BTU - in other words, the maximum output of a small stove or less - even during winter. However, your home's heating needs may differ based on your climate and the size of your house, so, if you have any questions, contact your manufacturer. Burning your wood stove at its maximum capacity for long periods of time can damage the stove, so you may want to opt for a stove that's slightly larger than what you'll typically need so that you can use it at sub-maximum capacity most of the time. Before starting, notify your local officials. Like many building projects, installing a wood stove may require permission from your local government to ensure that you comply with safety regulations. However, rules will vary from town to town, so, before you buy a stove or start modifying your house, get in touch with the building or planning department of your city or town's government to get a sense of what is and isn't legal. If you need to get a building permit to install your stove, the officials in this department should be able to help you get one. You may also want to call your local fire marshal, as, in some jurisdictions, installing a wood stove requires an inspection to approve the validity of the installation. Finally, you may also want to contact the issuer of your homeowner's insurance, as installing a wood stove may change your liability. Lay a non-combustible floor pad in the spot where your stove will be.This pad, made of brick, ceramic tile, concrete or another noncombustible substance, should be flush with your home's existing flooring. Floor pads are essential for safe wood stove operation, as they ensure that any stray sparks or embers that fall from the stove will only come into contact with the pad, not the floor, reducing the risk of fire. Floor pads are especially crucial in the case of houses with wood or carpet floors directly adjacent to the stove. Certain laws dictate the use of floor pads - in the United States and Canada, the floor pad must stretch at least 18 inches (45 cm) in front of the stove door and 8 inches (20 cm) from the other sides. Add a heat shield to protect combustible walls. Installing heat shielding on the walls around the site of your stove can further reduce the risk of damage or fire. Heat shields are often made of sheet metal, which is relatively simple to lay over existing walls. Check your local building codes to find out whether any special permission is needed to mount the shield as well as any other related clearance requirements. Note that the installation of a heat shield can reduce the clearance requirements of your stove. Carefully move the stove into position. If you haven't hired professional movers to help you get your stove into position, you'll need to move it yourself. Wood stoves are made from metal and can be incredibly heavy, so be sure to take any and all measures necessary to protect yourself as you move the stove. A sturdy dolly or hand truck that's rated above the weight of your stove is a great way to get the stove to its position without hurting yourself. Minor adjustments to the stove's positioning at the site of installation may need to be done by hand, in which case you should enlist the help of a friend or family member so that you don't have to bear the full weight of the stove yourself. You may also want to try rolling the stove into position on lengths of sturdy PVC pipe. Install a chimney and connect it to your stove, if necessary. A well-functioning chimney is absolutely crucial for getting the most out of your wood stove. Your chimney should carry smoke and sediment safely outside your house - a poorly-installed chimney may not effectively remove the smoke, leaving your living room a gloomy, smokey mess. Chimneys can be an existing part of the house's construction or can be installed along with the stove, but in either case, the chimney must be well insulated and made of a non-combustible material. New chimneys installed for wood stoves are often made of a special kind of insulated stainless steel piping. You may need to use a length of stovepipe to connect your wood stove to the chimney. This is fine, but remember that stovepipe is relatively thin and poorly-insulated, so by no means can stovepipe be used as a substitute for an actual insulated chimney. Generally, the taller and straighter a chimney is, the better. The greater distance that smoke must travel horizontally (through curved sections of stovepipe, for instance), the less effective the chimney will be at removing smoke from the stove. Consider hiring certified professionals to install and inspect your stove. Installed properly, wood stoves can be a tremendous boon for your house, but installed improperly, they can be a hassle and even a serious danger. If you encounter any problems while installing your wood stove or you are unsure of how to proceed safely, enlist the help of a professional. Similarly, if, after installation, you have even the slightest doubts about the safety of your stove, schedule an inspection with an expert. The safety of your home and family is well worth the minor expense of hiring outside help. The National Fireplace Institute (NFI) is an agency that certifies fireplace and furnace experts. If you have any doubts about who to contact to install and/or inspect your new wood fireplace, search for an NFI-certified expert in your area on the NFI website.	Decide on a location for your stove. Observe your stove's clearance rating when picking a suitable spot. Choose a certified wood stove. Pick a stove that's the right size for your needs. Before starting, notify your local officials. Lay a non-combustible floor pad in the spot where your stove will be.This pad, made of brick, ceramic tile, concrete or another noncombustible substance, should be flush with your home's existing flooring. Add a heat shield to protect combustible walls. Carefully move the stove into position. Install a chimney and connect it to your stove, if necessary. Consider hiring certified professionals to install and inspect your stove.
https://www.wikihow.com/Heal-Mouth-Inflammation	How to Heal Mouth Inflammation	To heal mouth inflammation, swish salt water around in your mouth for 1 minute before spitting it out, which can help reduce pain and speed up healing. You can also try sucking on an ice cube or eating something cold to numb your mouth and help with any inflammation. Alternatively, you can apply aloe vera to the parts of your mouth that are inflamed since aloe vera has anti-inflammatory properties. Or, you can dilute 10 drops of tea tree oil in 1/3 cup of water and swish it around in your mouth for 30 seconds before spitting it out, which can kill bacteria and help the healing process.	Learn about mouth ulcers. A common cause of inflammation in the mouth is mouth ulcers. Mouth ulcers, also called mouth stomatitis, vary in size and shape and are caused from a variety of different factors. They can be caused from herpes (cold sores), canker sores, yeast infections, tobacco use, medications, fungal infections, injury, and some systemic illnesses. See your doctor or dentist for mouth sores that are painful and last for more than 10 day. Steer clear of certain food and beverages. Ulcer inflammation is painful and can last five to fourteen days. Avoiding certain types of beverages and food can help to heal the inflammation, reduce your pain, and reduce the amount of time you suffer. In order to lessen irritation, avoid hot beverages and foods as well as foods that salty, spicy, or have citrus elements. These can increase the irritation to the mouth tissue. This includes hot coffee and tea, spicy red peppers, foods with cayenne pepper or chili powder, overly salted soups and broths, and fruits such as oranges and grapefruits. Treat tobacco related ulcers. Ulcers from tobacco use are called aphthous ulcers, which is also known as a canker sore. These irritations can be healed by reducing or eliminating the use of all tobacco products. If you continue to use tobacco products, the sores may take longer to heal and continue to reappear. Take care of yeast infections. Yeast infections of the mouth can cause thrush to the tongue, which is when the fungus candida, the fungus behind vaginal yeast infections, occurs in the mouth. Thrush can cause an inflammatory response and pain in your mouth. Thrush can also cause mouth ulcers. Healing inflammation from a yeast infection will require medication from your physician. These medications can be used in otherwise healthy adults and children for 10 to 14 days and come in lozenges, liquid, or pill form. However, children and adults with a weakened immune system require different help. Deal with ulcers caused by medications. Some medications, such as anti-cancer drugs, can cause mouth ulcers. These drugs kill the fast growing cells but do not specifically target cancer cells, which means they can also kill the cells in your mouth, which grow and replicate quickly. These sores are painful and can last for more than two weeks. Sores from these medications may require topical painkillers applied directly to the mouth sores. These medication can also numb your mouth, so use caution when eating or brushing your teeth after you apply them. Take care of general mouth ulcers. If you are not sure what causes your mouth ulcers, there are some general guidelines you can follow to ease your pain and discomfort. Other than the techniques used to treat and prevent certain kinds of ulcers, you can also: Use coating agents to help protect the sores and minimize the pain you'll experience while eating and drinking Avoid sharp or crunchy foods, such as chips, crackers and pretzels Limit or eliminate alcohol, which can irritate an already sore mouth. This applies to drinking alcohol as well as mouthwashes and mouth sprays. Eat smaller meals more frequently and cut foods into smaller pieces, in order to reduce irritation to your mouth Talk with your healthcare team about using special foam swabs that reduce the physical irritation if brushing is too difficult. Take pain relievers. Over the counter pain relievers can help to reduce inflammation and pain from mouth ulcers. Try taking a pain reliever such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. These pain relievers will not necessarily heal your ulcers, but they can help to relieve pain caused by the ulcers while the ulcer heals. You can also use topical products like Anbesol, which is applied locally for pain relief. Use these products for children and adults as directed. Treat ulcers with over the counter medications. There are multiple kinds of medicine that can help mouth ulcers. Topical corticosteroid preparations, such as triamcinolone paste or Orabase, can help treat sores on your lips or gums. Blistex and Campho-Phenique provide relief against the pain of canker sores and cold sores. These work best if you apply them at the first sign of a mouth ulcer. Take prescription medication. If you have serious issues with your mouth ulcers, you can get medication from your doctor to help. Your doctor may prescribe medication such as Zovirax or Denavir, which can reduce the healing time of the ulcer by half a day. They also decrease the pain associated with the inflammatory response. If you have a severe cold sore, your doctor may prescribe oral antiviral medications, which can be used to help heal the herpes simplex virus stomatitis that causes them. These include medications like acyclovir, valacyclovir and famciclovir. Learn about gingivitis. Gingivitis and periodontal disease are irritations and infections of the gum tissue, which cause an inflammatory response and pain. Gingivitis occurs when plaque is not cleaned from your teeth. This causes harmful bacteria, which causes the gums to become red, swollen, and bleed easily. Periodontal disease can cause the gums to pull away from the teeth and form spaces or pockets that become further infected. Bacterial toxins and your body's natural responses can break down the connective tissue between the gums and bone, which cause inflammation and pain. Control the infection. The treatment of the inflammation caused by gingivitis or periodontal disease depends upon the severity of the inflammation. The main goal is to control the infection, which triggers the inflammation. Any treatment will require that you keep up good daily care at home, including: Flossing daily Brushing twice daily Reducing alcohol intake and the use of mouth washes Reducing the amount of sugar you eat Treat the infection. In order to help the infection, your dentist will remove any plaque through a deep cleaning, which helps to reduce the inflammation. After the procedure, you may experience less bleeding and swelling, but you will still have to continue good oral hygiene at home. If the infection is advanced, your dentist may prescribe antibiotics to help reduce the infection, which will also reduce the inflammation. If medications and cleaning are not sufficient your physician may recommend surgical procedures to clean the teeth closer to the root and help regenerate bone and connective tissue. Learn about cavities. Dental cavities are caused by infections that cause permanent damage to the hard surface of the teeth. Frequent snacking, drinking sugary drinks, not brushing your teeth, and the natural bacteria in your mouth increase your risk of cavities. Cavities and tooth decay are one of the world's most common health problems and they affect people of all ages. Treat the cavities. The inflammation and discomfort caused by cavities cannot be healed until you fill the cavity. To treat cavities, your dentist will likely give you fillings. Fillings are made from tooth-colored composite resins, porcelain, or silver amalgam. Silver amalgam fillings contain mercury, but they are considered safe by the FDA. However, if you have an allergy to any of the components of amalgam fillings (silver, tin, copper, or mercury), then you may develop oral lesions as a result. Tell your dentist about any allergies you have. If your tooth decay is advanced, you may need a crown. These are custom fitted fake caps that cover the tops of the teeth. A root canal may also be needed to repair or save a damaged or infected tooth, instead of removing it. If the tooth is too damaged, pulling the tooth may be necessary. If you have to have it pulled, you may need a bridge or replacement tooth to keep your other teeth from shifting. Care for teeth with braces. Braces are used by orthodontists to straighten or correct teeth alignment. Braces have so many parts and often aggravate the mouth, and the brackets and braces can trigger the development of a canker sore in your mouth. To treat, rinse your mouth with warm salt water several times a day to reduce the inflammation and speed healing. Also try: Eating soft foods to reduce the irritation to the tissue Avoiding spicy foods, alcohol, mouthwashes, and sharp foods, like potato chips and crackers Making a paste of baking soda and water and placing the paste over the canker sore. Use water. Extra hydration in your system can help with mouth inflammation, especially from canker sores. This will help relieve discomfort from the inflammation and fight off infection. You can also use water with salt to reduce the pain and speed healing in your mouth. To use the salt water treatment, pour a generous amount of salt into a cup of warm water and stir to combine. Put some of the water in your mouth and swish it around, focusing on the area where the sore is. Spit the water out after a minute or so, and repeat with the rest of the water. Apply aloe vera. Aloe has natural healing and anti-inflammatory properties. It contains saponin, a chemical which acts as an antibacterial agent. It is also known to soothe and relieve pain in inflamed areas. To use: Get an aloe leaf and cut it open. Apply the gel that leaks out directly onto the area that is most inflamed. Do this three times a day for the best effect. You can also get aloe vera gel that is specifically meant for your mouth. Again, apply the gel directly to the inflamed area. Do this three times a day for the best effect. Avoid swallowing the gel if possible. Suck on an ice cube. Cold water and ice can help to ease your pain and reduce the inflammation in your mouth. It is the same concept behind icing a sore knee, because the cold temperature decreases the amount of blood cells flooding to the injured area, which decreases the swelling and pain. Ways to apply cold to your inflamed mouth include: Sucking on an ice cube, popsicle, or sorbet Drinking and gargling small sips of cold water Putting ice cubes in a plastic bag and holding it on the inflamed area Use tea tree. Tea tree oil has a natural antiseptic effect that helps kill bacteria. It can also help to control the infection and help in the healing process. This is especially useful with inflammation caused by gingivitis and periodontal disease. One of the most common ways to use tea tree oil for inflammation is as a mouthwash. Make a mouthwash by adding 10 drops of oil in 1/3 cup of water. Swish this mouthwash around your mouth for 30 seconds and spit it out. Do not swallow the mouthwash. Rinse your mouth with fresh water afterward. Prevent future cold sores. Cold sores need arginine to develop. Arginine is an amino acid found in foods such as walnuts, chocolate, sesame seeds, and soy. To prevent additional cold cores, avoid these foods. Instead, eat foods with the amino acid lysine, which counteracts the influence of arginine with cold sores. Foods high in lysine include red meat, pork, poultry, cheeses, eggs, and brewer's yeast. Pay attention to your lysine to arginine ratio to help prevent the appearance of more cold sores in the future. You can also take an oral supplement of lysine daily. Dosing will depend upon several factors, so discuss your intentions with your physician. Inhibit yeast infections. You can help prevent yeast infections by brushing your teeth twice a day, flossing once a day, reducing or eliminating the use of mouth wash, and not sharing any eating utensils that may pass the infection from one person to another. If you have diabetes or wear dentures, take special care of your oral hygiene as these are possible triggers for a yeast infection. Limit the amount of sugar or foods that contain yeast that you eat. Yeast requires sugar to multiply and grow. Foods with yeast include bread, beer, and wine, which can encourage the growth of yeast. Seek medical attention. There are situations when your mouth sore is more than a canker sore or cold sore. If they are persistent, the sores may be cancer, which is an uncontrollable growth of the cells that invade other areas and cause damage to the surrounding tissue. Oral cancer can occur on the tongue, lips, floor of the mouth, cheek, and the hard and soft palate of the mouth. This is life-threatening if undiagnosed and untreated. Look for a lump or thickening of tissue in the mouth, a sore that doesn't heal, a white or reddish patch in the mouth, tongue pain, loose teeth, difficulty chewing, jaw pain, a sore throat, and feelings of foreign objects stuck in your throat. Treatments to heal inflammation from this type of trigger requires the immediate intervention from a physician. Treatment protocols may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation treatments.	Learn about mouth ulcers. Steer clear of certain food and beverages. Treat tobacco related ulcers. Take care of yeast infections. Deal with ulcers caused by medications. Take care of general mouth ulcers. Take pain relievers. Treat ulcers with over the counter medications. Take prescription medication. Learn about gingivitis. Control the infection. Treat the infection. Learn about cavities. Treat the cavities. Care for teeth with braces. Use water. Apply aloe vera. Suck on an ice cube. Use tea tree. Prevent future cold sores. Inhibit yeast infections. Seek medical attention.
https://www.wikihow.com/Select-a-Cavalier-King-Charles-Spaniel	How to Select a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel	To select a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, start by identifying what color you want and be sure to examine the quality of its coat in person. You should also look closely at its eyes, nose, and ears to confirm that they're clean and free of discharge. Next, pay attention to how it interacts with you and go with a friendly, sociable dog. It's also important to note how active the dog appears, since lethargic spaniels may be ill or unhealthy.	Pick a Cavalier with the right coloring. Cavalier King Charles Spaniels have luxurious coats and come in four different color combinations known as Blenheim (chestnut red and white), Black and Tan, Tricolor (chestnut red, white and black) and Ruby (solid chestnut red). Most breeders value Cavaliers with long, slightly wavy fur. They prefer dogs to have clearly definable colors. They don't like dogs with a lot of "ticking". This means that if a Cavalier has a predominantly black back, they shouldn't have "ticks" or little spots of other colors mixed in. Choose a Cavalier with a quality coat. Purebred Cavalier show dogs are normally celebrated for their straight fur. If the dog you're thinking of adopting has a slight wave in its fur, this is completely acceptable. Cavaliers require a modicum of grooming. You should brush them regularly — a couple of times a week. A Cavalier Spaniels rarely have their coats trimmed and they generally only require bathing once every couple of weeks. Cavaliers shed a lot. When you go to pick out a Cavalier for yourself, pay close attention to their coat. If you see a lot of loose hair on the dog or in its area, ask the seller how frequently they brush the dog or clean the area. Most of the time, shedding is the result of the dog's environment or its diet — both of which can be changed by you. Choose a healthy looking dog. Purebred Cavaliers generally have a lot of health issues resulting from generations of inbreeding to keep their line pure. The most obvious signs of a healthy Cavalier will be its coat, its eyes, and its ears. These tend to be the biggest problem areas on Cavaliers and therefore should be the first aspects to consider when purchasing a new Cavalier. Make sure its eyes, nose, and ears are clean and free of discharge. Its coat should be clean and free of parasites such as fleas. A puppy with prominent ribs and a potbelly is likely to have worms. Worms can be treated, but could indicate that his care or that of the mother, was less than ideal. Have a veterinarian examine the Cavalier. Regardless of what the seller says, have your vet check out your new friend. Make sure they focus on issues specific to Cavaliers (like those mentioned above) and environmental concerns like mites, fleas, ticks, and heart worms. Health-wise, always have puppies checked out prior to purchase. A heart murmur in a puppy is likely to be bad news in the long run, with a high risk of progression into premature heart failure. If you get an adult dog, then it is wise to have a veterinarian check the dog prior to purchase also. The veterinarian can check for common ailments that affect Cavaliers and other issues. Determine if it's friendly. Cavaliers should be welcoming to people. They are primarily lapdogs that provide entertainment and comfort. Cavaliers can be great for families with young children. Because of their small stature, there is less chance that your children will be hurt accidentally - as is often the case with large lumbering Labradors. Cavaliers can still bite and scratch, but in general they are easy breeds to handle. Some dogs are conditioned to fear people. Perhaps, they had a traumatic experience early on in life, which has taught them to fear and even strike out at humans. While this behavior can be corrected, it might be a challenge that you're not keen to take on. When you first visit the dog, present your hand and let it take in your scent. Act friendly and don't invade its space too quickly. Attempt to pet and play with the dog. See how the dog responds. If the dog welcomes your attention, then you probably have found a sociable animal. Focus on how the dog interacts with other animals. Many families have more than one dog or more than one animal. If this is your situation, then see how your prospective dog plays with its litter mates or other dogs in its area. Does it show aggressive behavior? Does it sulk by itself in the corner of the pen? Or does it join in the fun and lead the pack? You can learn a lot quickly about an animal temperament by seeing it interact with other animals. If you plan on entering your Cavalier into shows, it will need to be good around other dogs as well. The last thing you want in this situation is to have a beautiful dog, whose behavior distracts judges from its appearance. Choose an active Cavalier. Cavaliers are energetic spaniels who love to play and explore the out-of-doors. Individuals considering this breed should be prepared to provide regular exercise to keep their Cavalier healthy. For athletic owners, Cavaliers can gradually be trained to accompany you on long walks or hikes. Inactive, even lethargic Cavaliers are unusual. Normally, a downtrodden Cavalier is a sign of a poor upbringing and could signal later behavioral problems. Do not interpret fatigue for ill-temperament. Young puppies often sleep a lot and so do older dogs. This should not be interpreted negatively; instead, see if you can gently coax the dog awake. Try to play with it. See if you can encourage it to interact with the other dogs. This will give you a better sense of its personality. Consider the pros of selecting a Purebred Cavalier. In general, Purebred Cavaliers have predictable traits. If you purchase a Purebred Cavalier, you can expect them to be energetic, lovable house pets with fairly manageable coats. Genetically speaking, Cavaliers have a happy-go-lucky predisposition. If you purchase a Purebred, you can expect such a temperament. Assess the drawbacks of getting a mixed breed. Non-Purebred Cavaliers may adopt some of the biological traits of whatever other breed they are mixed with. If they are mixed with a hound, they may have a stronger instinct to hunt and bark. Similarly, if they are bred with low-energy dogs like shih tzu, they may lose that energetic luster that made you fall in love with them in the first place. Consider common Cavalier health issues. People covet pure-bred Cavaliers. This means that they have been bred from a limited gene pool. In order to be designated a pure-bred, many places inbreed their dogs, and others unwittingly breed from a gene pool that is too small. This has very real and extremely unfortunate consequences. Pure-bred Cavaliers run a high risk of suffering from heart disease, disc disease, and/or a severe neurological issues. Heart disease: In the UK, 59% of Cavaliers over the age of 4 years old have a heart murmur. At nearly two-thirds of the UK's population of Cavaliers, this is an extraordinary statistic. Chiari malformation and Syringomyelia: Basically, this condition means the dog's skull is too small for its brain. This causes dreadful nerve pain. The veterinary textbook "Breed Predispositions to Disease in the Dogs and Cats" lists this condition as "very common" with signs developing between 5 months to 3 years of age. Epilepsy: Dogs may develop seizures at any time, but between 6 months to 6 years is the most common time Disc disease: This is another "common" condition, especially as Cavaliers age. Most of the time, you won't know that your Cavalier is prone to slip discs, until you see it walking stiffly or reluctantly lowering its head to its food or water bowl. Find a place to purchase or adopt a Cavalier. There are several websites that you can use in order to find both pure breeds and mixed Cavaliers. You can also look in your local newspapers for advertisements. Depending on your location, you'll have more or less options. Think about buying from a breeder. Find one that can give you the history of the puppy's parents and grandparents, including written health test results. You want to avoid choosing a dog that is the product of inbreeding, so ask to see pedigree papers and quiz breeders about the dog's heritage. If you are buying from a private seller, ask for the same pedigree materials. Consider rescues. Rescues are great places to find non-Purebred Cavaliers. Before falling in love with a particular rescue dog, make sure you have a full grasp of the dog's medical needs. Many rescues have ended up at rescue centers because they have medical needs their original owners couldn't handle. Avoid puppy mills. If you are not sure if you are visiting a puppy mill or not, ask to see the mother. A reputable breeder will be happy to introduce you to the mother and other litter mates. They'll also give you a full rundown of the parents' history. A puppy mill however, will make any excuse they can (and it may sound plausible) to prevent you seeing the mother.	Pick a Cavalier with the right coloring. Choose a Cavalier with a quality coat. Choose a healthy looking dog. Have a veterinarian examine the Cavalier. Determine if it's friendly. Focus on how the dog interacts with other animals. Choose an active Cavalier. Consider the pros of selecting a Purebred Cavalier. Assess the drawbacks of getting a mixed breed. Consider common Cavalier health issues. Find a place to purchase or adopt a Cavalier. Think about buying from a breeder. Consider rescues. Avoid puppy mills.
https://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Complaint-Letter-to-a-Company	How to Write a Complaint Letter to a Company	The easiest way write a complaint letter to a company, is to quickly get to your problem. Include your desired resolution in the body of the letter, and state a time limit for the solution. Close the letter respectfully by writing “Yours sincerely, [Your Name]” or “Respectfully, [Your Name]”. Send your letter to the customer service department.	Address your letter to the customer service department. When writing a letter of complaint, your best chance of success will come from directing the letter to the customer service department of the company. The customer service department is accustomed to dealing with complaints and your letter is likely to be processed efficiently and effectively. Try to find out the name of the customer service manager or director and address your letter to them personally. Begin your letter with Dear Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms followed by their surname. If you cannot find the name of the customer service manager, simply write Dear Sir or Madam. You should be able to find the address of the customer service department on the company's website, on any of the company's promotional or advertising materials or product packaging or labels. Quickly get to the point of your letter. The very first line of your letter should clearly address why you are writing the letter and what your exact complaint is. Give as many pertinent facts as possible, including the date, time and location where you made the purchase or received the service, along with any relevant serial or model numbers. The recipient of the letter should be able to identify the point of the letter in under five seconds, so avoid any long, rambling intros. You may provide further detail or explanation of the situation in the paragraph following your opening sentence, but the first line should draw attention to your complaint as succinctly as possible. For example, your opening sentence might read: "I am writing to complain about a faulty hair dryer that I purchased from your company on the 15th of July at your location on First Street, Exampletown." State specifically what outcome or remedy will satisfy you. If you want a replacement, a refund, a repair, or some other form of compensation, state this clearly in your second paragraph. This will help to avoid receiving a form letter or other stock response, and give the recipient something to work with on their end. Try to be as constructive as possible in your comments, suggesting a way that you can move forward and continue your relationship with the company. If you demand a refund or some other form of compensation, while simultaneously informing them that you plan on taking your business elsewhere, they will have little incentive to try to resolve the problem If you would like the company to correct a broader problem, state that in your letter as well, but recognize that such a thing may take time. Do not threaten legal action in your first communication. It may be the solution you ultimately require, but send your complaint letter first and await a response. Attach copies of supporting documents. These may include receipts, guarantees, warranties, copies of checks you sent and, if appropriate, photos or videos. All documentation should be included with your letter. Make sure that you send copies of any documentation you wish to include, not the originals. That way, there's no chance of this key information being lost or mislaid, should you need to provide evidence to someone else. Also make sure to state in the body of the letter the exact materials you are including. For example: "Please find attached a copy of my original receipt, along with a copy of the hair dryer's guarantee and information regarding the serial number." Give them a time limit to resolve the matter. It is helpful to provide an exact time period within which you would like the issue to be resolved. This will give you peace of mind and will help bring the issue to a speedy conclusion. Providing a time limit will also help to prevent the possibility of your letter becoming lost or forgotten about, which may lead to further awkwardness and resentment between you and the company. Just make sure that the time period you provide is reasonable. A week or two is usually sufficient, though this will vary depending on what your requests are. Finish the letter respectfully. Thank the recipient for their assistance, and let them know how and when they can reach you to resolve the matter. This will make their job a lot easier, resulting in a more efficient outcome for you. Sign off the letter with Yours sincerely , if you know the name of the person you are writing to, or Yours faithfully if you referred to them as "Sir" or "Madam". Avoid informal closings such as "Best," or "Yours truly." Be polite. You may be angry, and may have every right to be, but being rude will only put the recipient on the defensive. Write in a respectful tone and avoid making threatening, angry or sarcastic comments at all costs. Remember that the person reading your letter was not directly responsible for whatever happened, and they will be much more responsive and willing to please a gracious, polite customer than an angry, accusatory one. Remember, the company to which you are writing probably isn't out to get you, intentionally. Most companies have an interest in their customer's satisfaction. You will have much better success treating the recipient as somebody who wants to help you, rather than assuming they're filled with malicious intent. Don't write when you're furious. Wait to write your letter until you have calmed down. Or if you wish, write the letter while you are fully steamed, and then let it sit for a day or two before you send it. In all likelihood, you will want to rephrase things in a less-incendiary way. Be concise. Customer service representatives may receive as many as hundreds of letters a day, so it's vital that you get to the point quickly, so they know exactly what they're dealing with as soon as they begin reading. If your letter is too long or detailed, the reader will be inclined to skim its contents and end up with an unclear idea of the exact problem or your desired resolution. Avoid superfluous detail or going off on long rants or tangents. Try to keep your letter on a single page, or under about 200 words. Be authoritative. Being authoritative in your letter creates the right tone and lets the company know that your complaint is to be taken seriously. This is especially true of more serious complaints, which may have considerable financial implications. Being authoritative encompasses a range of things, such as the quality of the language used, your knowledge of your rights and the company's responsibilities, as well as the professional presentation of the letter. All of these things give you credibility, which should positively effect the response to your letter. Format your letter in a clean, correct way. As mentioned above, formatting your letter in a professional way can favorably influence how your complaint is received. Include your name, address and the date in the top right-hand corner, followed by the name or title of the person you are writing to, along with the company's address, on the left-hand side, just above the body of the letter. Always type up your letter on a computer, this makes it easier to read and is much cleaner looking. If you must hand write your letter, make sure your writing is clear and legible, with no crossed out words or ink smudges. To write your signature, leave a blank space under the Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely where you can write in your signature by hand. Underneath this space you should also type your name so it is easily read. Keep the letter tidy and well-spaced, with paragraphs of approximately equal-size. Check spelling and grammar. Incorrect spelling and grammar can negatively influence how your complaint is received. Make sure to do a spell check on your computer before printing the letter, or have someone else read it over before you send it. Wait until the time limit you provided is up. Be patient and do not pursue any further action until the time limit you provided in your initial letter is up. If this date passes and you still haven't heard anything, you may follow up with a phone call or email to check if the letter was received. It is always best to give the company the benefit of the doubt. If you still do not receive any information regarding your letter or if you do but the situation was not handled to your satisfaction, you can proceed by addressing your complaint to someone higher on the chain of command. Proceed along the chain of command. If you are unsuccessful in your dealings with the customer service director, try to find out who the next person in the chain of command is and reach out to them instead. Each time you move up the ladder, whether it's from Customer Rep to Supervisor to Director to Vice President to CEO, attach the correspondence you have had at the previous level. This will update your new company representative and very possibly get the matter resolved in a non-litigious way. It is better to start with the customer service department before working your way up instead of going to straight to the top. This is because the customer service department are more used to dealing with these types of complaints and any letters addressed to the CEO will probably be referred back to this department anyway. If this is the case, the employees of the customer service department might automatically regard you unfavorably, as you tried to go over their heads. Be aware that if you are writing a letter to a CEO or Managing Director, it will need to be extra clear, concise and well-written, as they will have no prior knowledge of the incident. If you wish to pursue legal action, see an attorney. He or she will know how to proceed. Keep in mind that legal action should be your last resort and leading with it in your letter sets a negative tone and will derail any requests for compensation you may ask for at the same time. It also may come back to bite you if your bluff is called.	Address your letter to the customer service department. Quickly get to the point of your letter. State specifically what outcome or remedy will satisfy you. Attach copies of supporting documents. Give them a time limit to resolve the matter. Finish the letter respectfully. Be polite. Be concise. Be authoritative. Format your letter in a clean, correct way. Check spelling and grammar. Wait until the time limit you provided is up. Proceed along the chain of command. If you wish to pursue legal action, see an attorney.
https://www.wikihow.com/Get-a-Home-Equity-Loan	How to Get a Home Equity Loan	Consider getting a home equity loan if you're a homeowner and you need money to cover a major expense, such as college tuition or medical bills. Before you get the loan, look at your finances and determine whether you'll be able to pay it off. It's also important to factor in additional fees and expenses associated with the loan, such as home appraisal or document preparation fees. When you're ready to take out a loan, talk to different lenders and compare the interest rates, fees, and monthly payment plans that are available to you.	Determine what you will use the money for. A home equity loan can be used for home repairs and renovations, medical bills, college tuition, credit card debt, or any other unexpected expenses. Your lender will give you a lump sum of money with a fixed interest rate and definite repayment period. Because a home equity loan is a lump sum of money, it is best used for a specific expense (e.g. adding a room to your house, remodeling a bathroom, etc.). If you need money over time or just want some financial security, a home equity line of credit (HELOC) may be a better choice. You can withdraw money as you need it and are only required to pay back what you actually use. A home equity loan has a fixed interest rate, and a HELOC has variable interest rates. Your payments could change drastically with a HELOC. HELOC is similar to a revolving line of credit through a credit card or bank. Your monthly payments will depend on what you have borrowed and the current interest rate. Review your financial situation. Before you borrow against your home, make sure you are in a financial position to repay the loan. Write down all of your living expenses (e.g. food, mortgage, car payments, etc.), income, debt, and financial goals. Home equity loans are only beneficial if you can afford to pay them back. If you are unable to pay the loan back, you may end up in more debt than before you had the loan. If you are using your loan to fund home improvement, make sure the added value to the home is worth taking out the loan. The lender will generally be looking at your cash flow when determining a loan amount and an interest rate. Lenders generally do not want to go through the expense and trouble of foreclosing on a defaulted loan. They know that if borrowers have no equity in a property (the total loans equal or exceed the property's market value), they are more likely to default and walk away. Factor in the additional costs. Be prepared to pay fees and closing costs when you take out your loan. The potential fees are to cover the home appraisal (if required by the lender), application, title search, document preparation, and an attorney or title agent. These fees apply to both home equity loans and HELOCs. There may be additional fees with a HELOC such as annual membership fees or transaction fees for each time you take out money. Talk to your lender about the possibility of waiving a portion of or all of the closing costs. Keep in mind that a home equity loan is still a mortgage. The interest rate is likely to be higher than your first mortgage, but the closing costs will be lower than your original mortgage. Determine how much equity you have in your home. You can calculate your home equity by subtracting the amount your house is worth from the amount you still owe on the mortgage. For example, if your your home is currently valued at $200,000 and you owe $100,000, your equity would be $100,000. Knowing your equity will prepare you to discuss your loan terms with potential lenders. Remember that market value fluctuates, so your equity is not a constant. Consider that most lenders expect a maximum loan amount equal to 80% of the market value. For example, if the market value is $200,000, lenders typically will loan up to $160,000 maximum. Decide how much you need to borrow. Lenders use a formula to decide how much your loan will be. They typically take 75%-80% of your home's value minus the amount you still owe. Some lenders may offer to lend you more than the standard range and may even go up to 100% or 125% of your home's value. However, it may not be not advisable to take out a loan this large. If you try to sell your home and the value of the home has not appreciated yet, you may end up having to pay on the loan once you have sold your house. Loans larger than the value of your house also come with higher fees. Interest paid on the portion of your loan that is more than the value of your home is not tax deductible either. The deduction of interest paid on home equity loans may be limited based upon the maximum loans secured by the property, the date such loans were initiated, and the amount of interest paid. Talk to multiple lenders about home equity loans. It is important to shop around and get the best deal that you can. Your home equity loan does not have to be through the same lender as your current home loan. Banks and credit unions are a good place to start. Credit unions usually have better rates than banks and other types of lenders. Compare interest rates, fees, monthly payments, penalties for missed payments,and the length of the loan terms. Ask about waiving or discounts on additional fees and closing costs. Shopping around is important, but also consider your mortgage lender. They may be willing to give you a good rate because you are a current customer. Feel free to let each lender know that you are shopping around for the best deal. Avoid predatory lenders. Use good judgment when you choosing a lender. Stay away from lenders who encourage you to take out more than you can afford (e.g. 90% or 100% of your home value), pressure you into making an immediate decision, refuse to give you copies of signed documents, ask you to sign paperwork before it has been filled out, or encourage you to lie on your application. These mistakes are costly and can result in you losing your home to foreclosure or not being able to afford your monthly payments. Apply for the loan. Once you have chosen a lender, it is time to apply for your loan. Preview your paperwork before you sign. Ask for a "Good Faith Estimate." They are required to send you this estimate within 3 days of you applying for the loan. Also, ask them for blank copies of the forms before you sign them. Take the time to read over them. Ask questions if there is anything that you do not understand. You can apply for your loan online and in person. Do what you are most comfortable with. However, applying for the loan in person will give you an opportunity to talk with someone if you have questions. If your lender has promised you anything, ask them to put it in writing. Fill out all of the necessary application forms. Many lenders will accept online applications, but some financial institutions will require you to be present why you apply for your loan. Close on your loan. Read the loan documents carefully before you sign them. Make sure you understand the terms of repayment and the interest rate. All of the terms and conditions (e.g. interest rate, length of the loan, etc.) of the loan should match the original agreement. If there any changes to what you discussed with your lender, ask questions. By law, you can review the final loan statement one day prior to closing. Get a copy of all signed documents before you leave the lender. Never feel pressure to sign your documents. If anything is not right, do not sign them.	Determine what you will use the money for. Review your financial situation. Factor in the additional costs. Determine how much equity you have in your home. Decide how much you need to borrow. Talk to multiple lenders about home equity loans. Avoid predatory lenders. Apply for the loan. Close on your loan.
https://www.wikihow.com/Negotiate-a-Union-Contract	How to Negotiate a Union Contract	Negotiating a union contract is important for ensuring you and other employees get the wages, training, and benefits you deserve. If you've been chosen as a representative for your union, you'll want to meet with members ahead of time to make sure you understand everyone's priorities and needs. When you meet with your employer, typically each side will have a chance to present their opening statement. This should include an overview of what your top priorities are for the union. For instance, maybe you want to preserve the seniority system and introduce more raises. After your employer presents their statement, you'll have some time to compare options for the company and negotiate. If your employer claims they don't have enough money for something, you're allowed to ask for documentation to back it up. Keep in mind that if you're not able to come to a compromise, you can turn the situation over to the National Labor Relations Board for review.	Choose your representatives. Both the employer and the union must have designated representatives to negotiate on behalf of the entire group. Representatives should be trustworthy and authoritative, with assertive personalities and knowledge of labor law and regulatory standards. Your representatives also should have a basic understanding of the employment terms and benefits available for similar groups of employees in your industry. Union employees typically vote to determine who will represent them in collective bargaining negotiations. Have a preliminary meeting with your team. Before you meet with the other side, your representatives should have an understanding of their negotiating authority. If you are a union representative, your priorities and authority typically will be set by your union members. Whether through voting or through an open meeting, employees set the boundaries of the representative's negotiating authority. Review the existing collective bargaining agreement, if you have one, and determine which parts of it are working already and where there is room for improvement. You also should go over previous negotiations by looking at notes or minutes from those meetings. Analysis can help you determine which argument or negotiation styles are most effective, as well as understanding the strategies used by the other side. If there are people on your negotiating team who weren't present in the previous rounds, a review of those negotiations also provides them with a better understanding of the process and the people they will be working with. If you're a union representative, you also want to generate analysis of your industry and the employees you are representing. This data will help you prioritize negotiation issues to best represent the employees and ensure their needs are met. Meet with the other side. During the first meeting, you will meet the people with whom you'll be negotiating and set procedures and deadlines for the collective bargaining process. Federal law requires negotiations be held at reasonable times, and there must be adequate time for proposals to be reviewed by each side. If the union requires additional information, such as documentation of the company's financial situation, the employer must provide adequate information and time for the union to evaluate it. Determine what issues are on the table. You won't necessarily bargain over every term of the employment contract in each session, and only issues central to the employment relationship are mandatory. Central issues typically include wages, hours, layoff procedures, production quotas, and key benefits such as health insurance. If the union requests it, the employer must provide advance notice of any changes it proposes to make to terms such as wages, hours, and layoff procedures. Whether an issue is mandatory to the bargaining process may depend on the reason for the employer's proposed change. For example, if the employer wants to close a plant because there are too few customers in the area for the plant to remain profitable, this has nothing to do with the union and typically wouldn't be considered up for negotiation. If there is already a collective bargaining agreement in place, there may be other issues on the table that arose as a result of the implementation of that agreement and need to be adjusted. Present your opening statement. Typically the first collective bargaining session begins with an opening statement from each side. If you have the option – no matter which side of the table you're on – try to be the one to make your opening statement first. This gives you the opportunity to control the negotiations to some extent since your proposals open the session. During your presentation, focus on the top priorities first. For example, if you are a union negotiator and the employees' primary concern is to preserve the seniority system currently in place, you should consider leading with that point. Listen to the opening statement from the other side. Make an outline of the key points and note the areas where there is likely to be broad disagreement. Pay close attention and write down any proposals for which you need more information before you can evaluate it. For example, if you are a union negotiator and the employer's negotiator mentions something about the company's financial status, you may need documentation of the facts he or she presented. Avoid picking apart the other side's proposals. Allow them the opportunity to present their statement, asking for clarification or supporting documentation if you need it, but don't reject it outright or make any expressions that would indicate your approval or disapproval. Compare options and proposed alternatives. Depending on the issue at hand, each side likely has several scenarios it would find acceptable. Since union representatives are at an inherent disadvantage regarding some aspects of the employment contract, they have the right to request documentation from the employer to support the employer's proposals. For example, if the employer claims a wage increase isn't possible because the company can't afford it, the employer's representatives would have to provide profit and balance sheets as evidence to back up this argument. Watch the behavior and body language of the other side's representatives. This can give you clues as to which proposals are going to be harder sells. Bargain with an eye toward compromise. Evaluate how the proposals can be implemented in a way that is most mutually beneficial. Federal law requires the union and the employer to meet at reasonable times and bargain in good faith, which means the parties must fairly assess each others' proposals and attempt to work towards a compromise. Keep in mind that you aren't legally required to make unappealing concessions, or to agree to something that would be disastrous to implement. If you cannot reach an agreement, you can declare an impasse and turn the situation over to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) for review. Don't begin negotiations with your bottom line – make sure each offer you make leaves you room to continue to negotiate if it is refused by the other side. Search for common ground and weed out issues upon which there is basic agreement first. That way you have more time (and energy) to devote to issues that might be more contentious. Additionally, starting the negotiations with quick agreements sets the stage for more agreements. You may be able to find a mutually beneficial compromise on controversial proposals more easily if a pattern of agreement is established. Create a draft agreement. The draft agreement reflects the outcome of the first collective bargaining session and is not legally binding. Previous agreements may serve as guides to the format and structure of the agreement. Typically the two sides have an attorney – or group of attorneys – who work together to draft the agreement so it complies with all applicable laws. Circulate the draft agreement for comments. Typically you'll have time after the draft agreement is created to evaluate how its provisions would be implemented and the effect it would have in practice. Typically the draft agreement will be presented to union members, who will have the opportunity either to accept or reject it. Return to the bargaining table. You may want to tweak the draft agreement after evaluation to reflect changes in position or circumstances. For example, if the union members rejected the draft agreement, you must continue to negotiate until you reach an agreement on which the employees will agree. Focus on the facts that resulted in the draft agreement not being approved. Avoid making demands or ultimatums that could cut off the discussion entirely. Draft the final agreement. Once you and the other side have come to an agreement on all issues, it must be put in writing before it becomes legally binding. Your final agreement should encompass all the compromises that have been reached. Once ratified, it will be the final document that governs the employment relationship, including how disputes are resolved. Just as the draft agreement was circulated among employees, the final agreement must be ratified by a majority of the union members before it becomes official. Execute the final agreement. Representatives of both sides must sign the collective bargaining agreement before it can be put into effect. The final agreement will be in effect for a set period of time, typically three years. At that point, collective bargaining will resume to address any changing circumstances since the agreement was entered.	Choose your representatives. Have a preliminary meeting with your team. Meet with the other side. Determine what issues are on the table. Present your opening statement. Listen to the opening statement from the other side. Compare options and proposed alternatives. Bargain with an eye toward compromise. Create a draft agreement. Circulate the draft agreement for comments. Return to the bargaining table. Draft the final agreement. Execute the final agreement.
https://www.wikihow.com/Calculate-Wind-Load	How to Calculate Wind Load	To calculate wind load using the generic formula, use F = A × P × Cd, where F is the force or wind load, A is the projected area of the object, P is the wind pressure, and Cd is the drag coefficient. First find A, the area of the 2-dimensional face the wind is hitting, using A = length × height for a flat wall. Then calculate wind pressure using P = 0.00256 × V^2, where V is wind speed in miles per hour. Next, go online to find the drag coefficient for the shape of the object you're measuring. Finally, plug everything into the formula for F to get wind load.	Define the generic formula. The generic formula for wind load is F = A x P x Cd where F is the force or wind load, A is the projected area of the object, P is the wind pressure, and Cd is the drag coefficient. This equation is useful for estimating the wind load on a specific object, but does not meet building code requirements for planning new construction. Find the projected area A. This is the area of the two-dimensional face that the wind is hitting. For a full analysis, you will repeat the calculation for each face of the building. For example, if a building has a west face with an area of 20m , use that value for A to calculate the wind load on the west face. The formula to calculate area depends on the shape of the face. For a flat wall, use the formula Area = length x height. Approximate the area of a column face with Area = diameter x height. For SI calculations, measure A in square meters (m ). For imperial calculations, measure A in square feet (ft ). Calculate wind pressure. The simple formula for wind pressure P in imperial units (pounds per square foot) is P = 0.00256 V 2 {\displaystyle P=0.00256V^{2}} , where V is the speed of the wind in miles per hour (mph). To find the pressure in SI units (Newtons per square meter), instead use P = 0.613 V 2 {\displaystyle P=0.613V^{2}} , and measure V in meters per second. This formula is based on the American Society of Civil Engineers code. The 0.00256 coefficient is the result of a calculation based on typical values for air density and gravitational acceleration. Engineers use a more accurate formula to take into account factor such as the surrounding terrain and type of construction. You can look up one formula in ASCE code 7-05, or use the UBC formula below. If you're not sure what the wind speed is, look up the peak wind speed in your area using the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) standard. For example, most of the U.S. is in Zone A with 86.6 mph wind, but coastal areas might lie in Zone B (100 mph) or Zone C (111.8 mph). Determine the drag coefficient for the object in question. Drag is the force that air exerts on the building, affected by the building's shape, the roughness of its surface, and several other factors. Engineers typically measure drag directly using experiments, but for a rough estimate you can look up a typical drag coefficient for the shape you are measuring. For example: The standard drag coefficient for a long cylinder tube is 1.2 and for a short cylinder is 0.8. These apply to antenna tubes found on many buildings. The standard coefficient for a flat plate such as the face of a building is 2.0 for a long flat plate or 1.4 for a shorter flat plate. The drag coefficient has no units. Calculate the wind load. Using the values determined above, you can now calculate wind load with the equation F = A x P x Cd. For example, let’s say you want to determine the wind load on an antenna that is 3 feet long with a diameter of 0.5 inches in a gust of 70mph winds. Start by estimating the projected area. In this case, A = d w = ( 3 f t ) ( 0.5 i n ) ( 1 f t / 12 i n ) = 0.125 f t 2 {\displaystyle A=dw=(3ft)(0.5in)(1ft/12in)=0.125ft^{2}} Calculate the wind pressure: P = 0.00256 V 2 = 0.00256 ( 70 2 ) = 12.5 p s f {\displaystyle P=0.00256V^{2}=0.00256(70^{2})=12.5psf}. For a short cylinder the coefficient of drag is 0.8. Plugging into the equation: F = A P C d = ( 0.125 f t 2 ) ( 12.5 p s f ) ( 0.8 ) = 1.25 l b s. {\displaystyle F=APCd=(0.125ft^{2})(12.5psf)(0.8)=1.25lbs.} 1.25 lbs is the amount of wind load on the antenna. Define the formula developed by the Electronic Industries Alliance. The formula for wind load is F = A x P x Cd x Kz x Gh , where A is the projected area, P is wind pressure, Cd is the drag coefficient, Kz is the exposure coefficient, and Gh is the gust response factor. This formula takes a few more parameters into account for wind load. This formula is generally used to calculate wind load on antennas. Understand the variables of the equation. In order to use an equation properly, you must first understand what each variable stands for and what its associated units are. A , P , and Cd are the same variables used in the generic equation. Kz is the exposure coefficient and it is calculated by taking into account the height from the ground to the midpoint of the object. The units of Kz are feet. Gh is the gust response factor and it is calculated by taking into account the entire height of the object. The units of Gh are 1/feet or ft. Determine projected area. The projected area of your object is dependent upon its shape and size. If the wind is hitting a flat wall, the projected area is easier to calculate than if the object is rounded. Projected area will be an approximation of the area that the wind comes in contact with. There is no one formula for calculating projected area, but you can estimate it with some basic calculations. Units for area are ft. For a flat wall, use the formula Area = length x width, measuring the length and width of the wall where the wind is hitting it. For a tube or column, you can also approximate the area using length and width. In this case, the width will be the diameter of the tube or column. Calculate wind pressure. Wind pressure is given by the equation P = 0.00256 x V , where V is the speed of the wind in miles per hour (mph). The unit for wind pressure is pounds per square foot (psf). For example, if the wind speed is 70 mph, the wind pressure is 0.00256 x 70 = 12.5 psf. An alternative to calculating wind pressure at a particular wind speed is to use the standard for various wind zones. For example, according to the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) most of the U.S. is in Zone A with 86.6 mph wind, but coastal areas might lie in Zone B (100 mph) or Zone C (111.8 mph). Determine the drag coefficient for the object in question. Drag is the net force in the direction of flow due to pressure on the surface of an object. The drag coefficient represents the drag of an object through a fluid and is dependent upon the shape, size, and roughness of an object. The standard drag coefficient for a long cylinder tube is 1.2 and for a short cylinder is.8 These apply to antenna tubes found on many buildings. The standard coefficient for a flat plate such as the face of a building is 2.0 for a long flat plate or 1.4 for a shorter flat plate. The difference between drag coefficients for flat and cylinder items is approximately 0.6. The drag coefficient has no units. Calculate the exposure coefficient, Kz. Kz is calculated using the formula [z/33] , where z is the height from the ground to the midpoint of the object. For example, if you have an antenna that is 3 ft long and 48 ft off the ground, z would be equal to 46.5 ft. Kz = [z/33] = [46.5/33] = 1.1 ft. Calculate the gust response factor, Gh. Gust response factor is calculated with the equation Gh =.65+.60/[(h/33) ] where h is the height of the object. For example, if you have an antenna that is 3 ft long and 48 ft off the ground, Gh =.65+.60/[(h/33) ] =.65+.60/(51/33) = 1.22 ft Calculate the wind load. Using the values determined above, you can now calculate wind load with the equation F = A x P x Cd x Kz x Gh. Plug in all of your variables and do the math. For example, let's say you want to determine the wind load on an antenna that is 3 feet long with a diameter of 0.5 inches in a gust of 70mph winds. It is placed on top of a 48 ft high building. Start by calculating the projected area. In this case, A = l x w = 3 ft x (0.5in x (1 ft/12 in)) = 0.125 ft. Calculate the wind pressure: P = 0.00256 x V = 0.00256 x 70 = 12.5 psf. For a short cylinder the coefficient of drag is 0.8. Calculate the exposure coefficient: Kz = [z/33] = [46.5/33] = 1.1 ft. Calculate the gust response factor: Gh =.65+.60/[(h/33) ] =.65+.60/(51/33) = 1.22 ft Plugging into the equation: F = A x P x Cd x Kz x Gh = 0.125 x 12.5 x 0.8 x 1.1 x 1.22 = 1.68 lbs. 1.68 lbs is the amount of wind load on the antenna. Define the UBC ’97 formula. This formula was developed in 1997 as part of the Uniform Building Code (UBC) for calculation of wind load. The formula is F = A x P , were A is the projected area and P is the wind pressure; however, this formula has an alternate calculation for wind pressure. Wind pressure (PSF) is calculated as P= Ce x Cq x Qs x Iw , where Ce is the combined height, exposure and gust response factor, Cq is a pressure coefficient (it is equivalent to the drag coefficient in the previous two equations), Qs is wind stagnation pressure, and Iw is importance factor. All of these values can be calculated or obtained from the appropriate tables. Determine projected area. The projected area of your object is dependent upon its shape and size. If the wind is hitting a flat wall, the projected area is easier to calculate than if the object is rounded. Projected area will be an approximation of the area that the wind comes in contact with. There is no one formula for calculating projected area, but you can estimate it with some basic calculations. Units for area are ft. For a flat wall, use the formula Area = length x width, measuring the length and width of the wall where the wind is hitting it. For a tube or column, you can also approximate the area using length and width. In this case, the width will be the diameter of the tube or column. Determine Ce, the combined height, exposure, and gust response factor. This value is chosen based on table 16-G of UBC and takes into account three terrain exposures with various heights and Ce values for each. “Exposure B is terrain with buildings, trees or other surface irregularities covering at least 20 percent of the surrounding area and extending 1.6 kilometers or more from the site.” “Exposure C has terrain that is flat and generally open, extending 0.8 km or more from the site.” “Exposure D is the most severe, with basic wind speeds of 129 km/hr or greater and terrain that is flat and unobstructed facing large bodies of water.” Determine the pressure coefficient for the object in question. The pressure coefficient, Cq , is the same as the drag coefficient ( Cd ). Drag is the net force in the direction of flow due to pressure on the surface of an object. The drag coefficient represents the drag of an object through a fluid and is dependent upon the shape, size, and roughness of an object. The standard drag coefficient for a long cylinder tube is 1.2 and for a short cylinder is.8 These apply to antenna tubes found on many buildings. The standard coefficient for a flat plate such as the face of a building is 2.0 for a long flat plate or 1.4 for a shorter flat plate. The difference between drag coefficients for flat and cylinder items is approximately 0.6. The drag coefficient has no units. Determine the wind stagnation pressure. Qs is the wind stagnation pressure and is equivalent to the wind pressure calculation from the previous equations: Qs = 0.00256 x V , where V is the speed of the wind in miles per hour (mph). For example, if the wind speed is 70 mph, the wind stagnation pressure is 0.00256 x 70 = 12.5 psf. An alternative to this calculation is to use the standards set for various wind zones. For example, according to the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) most of the U.S. is in Zone A with 86.6 mph wind, but coastal areas might lie in Zone B (100 mph) or Zone C (111.8 mph). Determine importance factor. Iw is the importance factor and can be determined using table 16-K of the UBC. It is a multiplier used in calculating loads that takes into account the use of the building. If a building contains hazardous materials, its importance factor will be higher than that of a traditional building. Calculations for buildings with standard use have an importance factor of one. Calculate the wind load. Using the values determined above, you can now calculate wind load with the equation F = A x P = A x Ce x Cq x Qs x Iw. Plug in all of your variables and do the math. For example, let's say you want to determine the wind load on an antenna that is 3 feet long with a diameter of 0.5 inches in a gust of 70mph winds. It is placed on top of a 48 ft high standard building in an area with an exposure B terrain. Start by calculating the projected area. In this case, A = l x w = 3 ft x (0.5in x (1 ft/12 in)) = 0.125 ft. Determine Ce. Based on table 16-G, using the height of 48 ft and exposure B terrain, Ce is 0.84. For a short cylinder the coefficient of drag or Cq is 0.8. Calculate Qs : Qs = 0.00256 x V = 0.00256 x 70 = 12.5 psf. Determine importance factor. This is a standard building therefore, Iw is 1. Plugging into the equation: F = A x P = A x Ce x Cq x Qs x Iw = 0.125 x 0.84 x 0.8 x 12.5 x 1= 1.05 lbs. 1.05 lbs is the amount of wind load on the antenna.	Define the generic formula. Find the projected area A. Calculate wind pressure. Determine the drag coefficient for the object in question. Calculate the wind load. For example, let’s say you want to determine the wind load on an antenna that is 3 feet long with a diameter of 0.5 inches in a gust of 70mph winds. Define the formula developed by the Electronic Industries Alliance. Understand the variables of the equation. Determine projected area. Calculate wind pressure. Determine the drag coefficient for the object in question. Calculate the exposure coefficient, Kz. Calculate the gust response factor, Gh. Calculate the wind load. Define the UBC ’97 formula. Determine projected area. Determine Ce, the combined height, exposure, and gust response factor. Determine the pressure coefficient for the object in question. Determine the wind stagnation pressure. Determine importance factor. Calculate the wind load.
https://www.wikihow.com/Prevent-Large-Blood-Clots-During-Menstruation	How to Prevent Large Blood Clots During Menstruation	While it's normal to have some clots in your menstrual blood during your heavier days, you can prevent large blood cloths by addressing your heavy bleeding. Talk to your doctor about ways to control your bleeding. Your doctor may recommend that you take NSAIDS, like ibuprofen or naproxen, which can help with pain as well as decrease the amount of blood you lose during your period. Another option is to start taking an oral contraceptive, which can make your periods more regular and decrease the amount of bleeding overall. If you don't want to take an oral contraceptive, you can also talk to your doctor about tranexamic acid, which you only take while you're actually bleeding, not the rest of the month.	Look for blood clots. One of the main signs of heavy bleeding (also called menorrhagia) is having blood clots in your flow. For this diagnosis, blood clots the size of a quarter or larger are considered to be connected to heavy bleeding. Check your pad, tampon, and the toilet for blood clots. Blood clots will look like regular menstrual blood, except they will be more solid, almost jelly-like. Smaller blood clots are normal, and you don't need to worry about them. Notice how often you change your pad or tampon. If you're changing your pad or tampon more often than every 2 hours, you have what's known as heavy bleeding. Heavy bleeding can prevent you from doing things you love, if you're constantly worried about overflow. For instance, if you're changing your pad or tampon every hour (for several hours in a row) and its soaked each time, that's considered heavy bleeding. Pay attention to the length of your period. Generally, periods last 3 to 5 days, though 2 to 7 days is also fairly normal. If your period is lasting longer than 10 days at a time (that is, if you're bleeding for that long), that is a sign that you're having heavy bleeding. Look for cramps. Cramping can also be a sign of heavy bleeding. As noted, large blood clots are a symptom of heavy bleeding. These blood clots can be difficult to pass, causing heavier cramping. Therefore, if you notice heavy cramping, that could also be a sign of heavy bleeding. Watch for the symptoms of anemia. Anemia is when you don't have enough iron in your blood. It often occurs in people who lose large amounts of blood. Usually, the main symptoms are tiredness and lethargy, as well as feeling weak. "Anemia" can actually refer to any type of vitamin deficiency, but generally, low iron is the most common when it comes to menstruation problems. Make a list of symptoms. When you're going into a doctor, it's always best to be prepared. Make a physical list of the symptoms you've been experiencing. Try to be as specific as possible. Don't be embarrassed; your doctor has heard it all. For instance, you might write down, "heavier flow (on heavy days, bleeding through a pad every hour for 3 or 4 hours in a row), more cramping, blood clots the size of quarters, feeling weak and tired, blood flow lasting 12 to 14 days." It can help to count the number of pads or tampons you use while you're bleeding. It's also important to note any major changes in your life, such as big events that have caused you stress and sudden weight gain or loss. Ask around in your family to see if anyone else has similar problems, as menstrual problems can be genetic. Ask about a blood test for anemia. If you think you may be suffering from a anemia, ask your doctor about having a blood test. A blood test can determine the level of iron in your blood. If you have low iron, your doctor will likely recommend increased iron in both your diet and the supplements you take. Expect a physical examination. Usually, to help diagnose the problem, your doctor will want to conduct a physical examination, including taking a pap smear. A pap smear is when your doctor takes a small scraping of cells from your cervix to test for any problems. Your doctor may also take tissue from your uterus to biopsy. You may also need an ultrasound or a hysteroscopy. With a hysteroscopy, a tiny camera is threaded into your uterus through your vagina, allowing the doctor to look for problems. Ask about taking NSAIDs. NSAIDs are a class of pain medications that include ibuprofen and naproxen. They can help with the pain associated with heavy bleeding. However, they can also decrease the amount of blood you lose during your period, which may help with clots. However, when taking an NSAID, watch for an increase in bleeding, as it can be a side effect for some women. Consider getting on oral contraceptives. Doctors often prescribe oral contraceptives in cases where women are having periods with heavy bleeding. Oral contraceptives can make your periods more regular, but they can also decrease the amount you bleed overall, which in turn can decrease blood clots. Oral contraceptives can help because heavy bleeding and blood clotting is sometimes caused by hormonal imbalances. Oral contraceptives help balance out the hormones in your body. Other types of hormone pills can also be effective, such as a progesterone-only pill, as well as some intrauterine devices that release hormones. Talk about tranexamic acid. This medication can help reduce the blood flow while you are on your period. You only take it when you're bleeding, not the rest of the month like contraceptives. With less bleeding, you'll get fewer blood clots. Discuss surgery if other options don't work. If medications don't help your problem, surgery may be an option. In a dilation and curettage, commonly known as a D&C, your doctor takes away the top layer in your uterus, part of the lining, which can help with bleeding and clots. In an endometrial ablation or resection, more of the uterine lining is removed. Another option is an operative hysteroscopy, where your doctor will view the inside of your uterus with a small camera, then take out any small fibroids and polyps, as well as work on any other problems, which can also decrease bleeding. Finally, you can have a hysterectomy, where your uterus is removed completely.	Look for blood clots. Notice how often you change your pad or tampon. Pay attention to the length of your period. Look for cramps. Watch for the symptoms of anemia. Make a list of symptoms. Ask about a blood test for anemia. Expect a physical examination. Ask about taking NSAIDs. Consider getting on oral contraceptives. Talk about tranexamic acid. Discuss surgery if other options don't work.
https://www.wikihow.com/Catch-Grouper	How to Catch Grouper	If you want to catch grouper, try bottom fishing. Take your boat 30-85 miles offshore, then anchor your boat 150 feet up current from where you want to fish. Toss a block or bag of chum to the ocean floor and attach live bait to your hook. Drop the line straight down, then crank the reel so the bait is suspended off the ocean floor. When you feel a tug on your line, crank your reel hard, then raise your rod. Continue doing this until you can reel in the grouper.	Drop your anchor slightly up-current. Bottom fishing requires you to go offshore with a boat. The deeper the water, the larger the grouper typically is. Locate an area where there are rocks, ledges, or other natural or man-made structures. To determine the current, drop a buoy and wait five minutes for your boat to drift. Then motor back to the buoy and drop anchor 150 feet up-current. To get the best grouper, you should go 30 miles (48.2 kilometers) to 85 miles (136.794 kilometers) offshore. Grouper will naturally swim on the current and into your bait. Toss chum to the ocean floor. Dropping chum to the bottom of the ocean will attract grouper to the area. You can purchase a grouper specific chum block at a fishing shop or you can create your own. To create your own chum, grind up fish bait and put it in a fine mesh bag. You can use Jack Mackerel, sardines, and some menhaden oil as the base for your chum. Talk to the fishing shop owner about the most effective chum for grouper. Attach live bait to your hook. Using live bait is a great way to get the attention of grouper swimming near the reef. You can attach your hook to your baitfish in a number of locations, including its nostrils, dorsal, or throat. Putting the hook through your baitfish's throat is the best method for bottom fishing. Drop your line to the bottom of the ocean. A weight or sinker is required to drag your bait to the ocean floor where grouper usually congregate. The movement of your live bait should attract grouper to the area. If you feel a slight tug on your line, it could be a bite or it could be your baitfish trying to make an escape. If you feel your baitfish trying to escape to the rocks or another structure, reel down and raise your rod so that you can keep your fish out of the rocks. Check on your bait regularly to make sure that it hasn't fallen off the hook. Crank the reel so that your bait is suspended off the ocean floor. You do not want your weight to bounce off of the ocean floor. To avoid this, crank your reel a couple turns, and lift your rod to straighten out the leader. Then, slowly lower your pole so that the bait sits on the bottom. Keep the line tight and reel in when the grouper bites. Waiting is an important part of fishing. Not all areas are going to be grouper heavy, and there's a chance other bottom dwelling fish are going to take your bait. When you feel a tug on your line, crank your reel hard, then raise your rod. Continue doing it in this pattern until you can reel in the grouper. The grouper tends to try to escape to its natural habitat and can tangle your fishing line. Lay your rod on the rail of the boat to help give you stability and power while reeling in the fish. If the fish has pulled your line to the reef or rocks, you can wait until it comes out of the reef and try to reel it in again. If you feel like the grouper has tangled the line on the reef or rocks, you should cut your line. To learn more about reeling in a larger grouper, read Reel-in-a-Large-Fish Find a grouper prone part of the ocean. Take your boat to areas that would be suitable for grouper, like near coral reefs or underwater cliffs. When you begin to troll, make sure you are doing so off the rocks or your line might get snagged. Aim for the sandy areas around the rocks or areas where you think grouper are swimming. Large amounts of grouper live in the Bahamas, Gulf of Mexico, South Carolina, and Florida. Circle back to areas where you felt bites, as these are likely fish prone areas. If an area is unsuccessful, change locations. Drive your boat at 3-7 knots. Keep a steady speed as you troll the area. Going faster than 12 knots may cause your lure or bait to get dislodged from your line. When using live baits, make sure that you are trolling at lower speeds. Drop your bait into the ocean and count to ten. Leave slack on the line when you are dropping your bait. As you begin to move your boat, the line will straighten out. Counting to ten will let the bait reach the bottom of the water. Your bait should be bumping on the bottom periodically, but not getting hung up on anything. You can use artificial or live bait while you troll. Check your line often if you are using bait to make sure that it hasn't become dislodged. Lock your reel and wait. Lock your reel and wait for a bite on your line. When you feel a bite, make sure to reel as hard as you can and raise your rod. You'll see the tip of your rod bend significantly when you've hooked a fish. Your rod should naturally bend by rubbing against the bottom of the ocean. The momentum of your boat will help you pull grouper out of rocks or reefs if it tries to escape. Get a durable and heavy duty rod. Get a conventional rod, so that the line is on top and not below your rod. This will give you more cranking power and allow you to put more pressure on it. Your rod should be six to seven feet, and capable of carrying a 50-100 pound test line. Get a spinning reel capable of holding a 50-100 pound test line. Grouper can get very large and weight a lot. Your reel will need a lot of cranking power so you can pull up the fish if it's a big. Depending on the waters you are fishing, getting a reel that can hold a 50-100 pound test line will ensure that your grouper won't break the line if you are bottom fishing or trolling. Getting a reel with a low-gear ratio will make it easier on you as you crank the wheel. Use the right fishing line. Braided lines have a high breaking strength and minimal stretch. Less stress will allow you to feel bites easier. Monofilament lines are not suitable when fishing for deep water grouper because they stretch a lot. If the depth of water is under 15 feet, you can use a monofilament line when fishing for grouper. Using a monofilament or fluorocarbon line for your leader is standard practice because of their transparency and stretch. Use the right baits and lures. Live bait is one of the best things you can use to lure grouper to your hook. You can fish for smaller native fish in the area, or you can go to the store to get live bait or purchase artificial lures. Grouper have large mouths and will go for larger baits, so keep this in mind when fishing for them. Grunts, pinfish, sardines, blue runner, squirrelfish, and white mullet are the best baitfish for grouper. Set up the proper rig. Your rig will change depending on the size of fish you are trying to hook as well as your personal preference. Typically, you will have a sinker connected to a swivel, which will then connect to the leader which connects to your hook. Circle hooks are preferable when fishing for grouper. Make sure that your swivel is capable of handling a heavy load. 100lb ball bearing swivels are the best option when fishing for larger grouper. To learn more about setting up a rig for fishing, read Rig-a-Fishing-Line Your leader should be at least four to six feet long.	Drop your anchor slightly up-current. Toss chum to the ocean floor. Attach live bait to your hook. Drop your line to the bottom of the ocean. Crank the reel so that your bait is suspended off the ocean floor. Keep the line tight and reel in when the grouper bites. Find a grouper prone part of the ocean. Drive your boat at 3-7 knots. Drop your bait into the ocean and count to ten. Lock your reel and wait. Get a durable and heavy duty rod. Get a spinning reel capable of holding a 50-100 pound test line. Use the right fishing line. Use the right baits and lures. Set up the proper rig.
https://www.wikihow.com/Thicken-Beef-Stew	How to Thicken Beef Stew	To thicken beef stew, first mix 1 tablespoon (5 g) of cornflour or cornstarch with 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of water until it forms a paste. Then, stir the paste into the stew and cook the stew for 2 minutes over high heat. You can also sprinkle a big pinch of breadcrumbs into the stew to thicken it. Check the consistency after a few minutes and add more breadcrumbs as needed. Alternatively, scoop out some of the solid ingredients in the stew and puree them in a blender or food processor. Then, add the puree back to the stew to thicken it. One other option is to gently boil the stew uncovered over medium-high heat until some of the excess liquid evaporates.	Brown (cover) the beef with flour before putting it in the stew. When browning the beef, first coat the meat in flour before adding to the braising liquid. This will not only help caramelize the meat for better flavor, but will also help thicken the stew later as the starch from the flour mixes with the liquid. Once you have browned the meat, deglaze the pot by adding red wine, beer or stock for extra flavor. Mix flour with water to create the flour roux. This is one of the most common methods used to thicken beef stew. The primary protein in flour is gluten. When flour is mixed with water, the protein chains link end-to-end, which forms a web that thickens the sauce. To create the roux , reduce the heat on the stew and remove a quantity of the stewing liquid. Heat a quantity of fat (butter works best, generally about 2 tablespoons for a decent-sized stew) in a hot pan on medium heat, and add an equal quantity by weight of white flour, whisking the flour around to prevent it burning. Some recipes call for 6 tablespoons of flour and 4 tablespoons of butter or meat drippings to create the roux. You will end up with a whiteish-yellow paste which will melt at the edges and bubble. Keep stirring the paste around and let it darken slightly. The darker your roux, the more flavor it will add (flour gets nutty flavors as it cooks!) but the less thickening power it will have, so you want a pale roux. Add the roux to the stew. Once the paste has been thinned to the thickness of a very thick gravy, it can be stirred into your stew. It is important to cook the stew for another 5-10 minutes. This will ensure that the flour does not add a "raw" taste, but it should not be cooked much longer than that as the thickening power of the roux will be destroyed by prolonged cooking. Remember, the roux will reduce the intensity of the spices a bit so be sure to taste the stew to check the seasoning balance before you serve it. You could use milk instead of water to create the flour roux, although milk sticks and burns quite easily. Oatmeal or rice flour can be used instead of white flour. Take equal parts butter and flour. Knead them together. The butter should be slightly soft before combining it with the flour. For about 3 quarts of stew, use 2-3 tablespoons of butter and an equal amount of flour. Immediately before serving, bring the liquid to a strong simmer. Whisk a small dob of the beurre manié into the stew. Return the liquid to a simmer, while whisking it constantly. Add a dash of double cream or creme fraiche to make the stew smooth. Season as desired. You can also use potato, rice starch or tapioca. Mix about 2 teaspoons of any of these ingredients with a little water or milk, and then add these into the boiling stew, slowly while stirring. Potato starch gives a different kind of elasticity, more of the dessert kind. If none of the above options is available to you, try to add thickness by being creative. For example, you could try adding instant mashed potato powder, instant sauce mix, or even crushed crackers, although they are not ideal. Use cornstarch to create the roux instead of flour. Take some of the stew broth and pour it into a medium mixing bowl. Let the broth cool if hot. Hot broth will cook the cornstarch before you have had time to mix it, and it will be a lumpy mess. Add a small amount (1 teaspoon to 1 tablespoon) of cornstarch to the broth. Mix it in until there are no lumps. A mixer works great here. When mixing is finished, pour back into the stew, and mix thoroughly. This is called a slurry. You could also use wine to create this. Turn up the heat, and keep stirring. This will help to prevent the mixture from clumping together. Cornstarch is similar to flour in its use as a thickening agent. Guar gum is another thickening agent that is used in industrial food processing to thicken sauces and such. If you can get your hands on it, use very little because it has 8 times the thickening effect that cornstarch has. Try a packet of beef gravy mix. Combine the contents of the packet with a little water until smooth. Stir it in a bowl. A typical packet will thicken two cups of liquid to a gravy consistency and add a little more beefy flavor. Most packet gravies are cornstarch based, and mimic the effects of a slurry (cornstarch mixed with a little water until smooth). Choose a gluten free option. Arrowroot is a good gluten free option. If the stew is already prepared and is too thin, gradually stir in your arrowroot thickener, starting with about 1/2 teaspoon of thickener, and adding more to taste as the stew thickens. Remember, you must stir slowly and constantly at medium heat to thicken, so do not get impatient and add too much thickener at once. Arrowroot has more of a neutral flavor than cornstarch. It can also be used at varying temperatures without losing its ability to thicken foods. It tolerates acidic ingredients better than cornstarch and it can be cooked for a longer length of time. Choose a lot of meaty vegetables. Use more "meaty" vegetables that provide tasty filling, such as potatoes, carrots, celery, and cabbage. When they simmer or boil together with the stew, they will partially dissolve and give the surrounding sauce a richer texture. Root vegetables work well, especially potatoes. Cooking the potatoes with the stew naturally thickens it. Turn vegetables into a paste. A simple method to thicken beef stew is to cook several whole vegetables in the stew pot, such as potatoes, carrots, onions and celery. After they have cooked and contributed to the overall stew flavor, they can be removed and blended into a paste with stock or some of the cooking liquid. Pull out some of the carrots and potatoes that you cooked with the stew, mash them with a potato masher or a fork, and stir the mashed vegetables back into the beef stew for a thicker consistency. You could also use an immersion blender directly in the stew to blend some of the vegetables in the broth to make a thicker stew. Stir this paste back into the stew to thicken it. This is a great way to improve the fiber content of a stew as well. Finished.	Brown (cover) the beef with flour before putting it in the stew. Mix flour with water to create the flour roux. Add the roux to the stew. Take equal parts butter and flour. Immediately before serving, bring the liquid to a strong simmer. Whisk a small dob of the beurre manié into the stew. Add a dash of double cream or creme fraiche to make the stew smooth. Use cornstarch to create the roux instead of flour. Try a packet of beef gravy mix. Choose a gluten free option. Choose a lot of meaty vegetables. Turn vegetables into a paste. Finished.
https://www.wikihow.com/Mix-Paint-to-Make-the-Colour-Pink	How to Mix Paint to Make the Colour Pink	To mix oil or acrylic paint to make the color pink, place red and white paint on your palette. If you want a natural pink, start with an earthy red, choose a bluish red for very bright pinks, or pick a cadmium red for a pink with hints of orange. Gradually add the red paint to the white, stirring with a stick, spoon, or palette knife, until you get the shade of pink you want. If you need to tone down your pink, add a little green, blue, or black paint to the mixture.	Choose a red. Most standard reds can be used to make a pink. Each red will produce a different shade of pink, so you can experiment until you find one that you especially like. Common reds have general characteristics, so select one accordingly. Cadmium reds (light, medium, and deep) will produce a slightly orangey pink. Pinks made from Scarlet Lake will be very bright. Alizarin Crimson produces brilliant pinks that tend to have hints of blue and purple. Rose Madder is a transparent hue that can be used to make thinner pinks. Naphthol Red will also produce transparent pinks that are very bright. Quinacridone is a good hue for mixing with blues or gray to make tones of pink. When mixed with white alone, it will produce a very bright pink. Earth reds (including Indian Red and Venetian Red) can also be used to make pinks that will seem natural. Select a white. To make pinks from acrylics, oils, and other generally opaque paints, you will mix your selected red with a white. However, not all whites are the same. For the best results when mixing colors to make pink, choose an opaque white (such as Titanium White). Transparent whites (like Zinc White) may only lighten the red without creating a true pink. Add red to the white. Place some white and red paint on your palette. Start by adding just a bit of red to the white, and mix well. Keep adding a bit of red at a time until you reach the pink you want to use for your work. Don't try to create pink by adding white to red, since this will take more time and use up lots of paint. Add a complementary color to tone down your pink. Shades of colors are technically created by adding black to a hue. However, many painters find that using a complementary color instead of black creates better-looking colors. You can try adding a direct complementary (a green), but using a neighboring color like blue can also create nice results. Whichever color you choose to tone down your pink, start by adding just a little at a time to the pink, and mixing well until you get the hue you like. Select a base color. There are a number of readily available watercolor hues that can be used to create beautiful pinks. You may like to use these colors more or less as-is, just thinned with just a bit of water. Choose a base color such as: Permanent Rose Quinacridone Rose Ruby Red Dilute your base color to lighten it. Watercolors work by allowing the white of the paper to reflect light through the transparent layers of paint applied to them. To create a lighter pink, all you need to do is dilute your base color with enough water so that the layer becomes very transparent. Experiment by diluting your paint with various amounts of water on your tray before applying it to your paper. This will give you a feel for the kinds of pink you can make. You can also thoroughly wet your paper first and then apply a small amount of your red to create a pink wash. Use an alternate color to shade the pink. The tube colors will work great for areas of pink local color when diluted. To add shading, however, use a wash of a color like cobalt blue over a layer of pink. Using an alternate color to create shading, rather than black, will result in richer, more vibrant colors. Use a warm color to brighten the pink. Applying an underwash of a warm color before applying a layer of pink will make the hue appear warmer and brighter. A yellow underwash can be especially effective. Mix the pink with red to deepen the color. If your base color isn't as rich as you would like it to be, select a deeper red. Mix it with some of your pink/rose red on your palette or tray, then thin to your desired saturation.	Choose a red. Select a white. Add red to the white. Add a complementary color to tone down your pink. Select a base color. Dilute your base color to lighten it. Use an alternate color to shade the pink. Use a warm color to brighten the pink. Mix the pink with red to deepen the color.
https://www.wikihow.com/Sell-Your-Music-on-iTunes	How to Sell Your Music on iTunes	To sell your music on iTunes, start by finding an aggregator, such as Tunecore or Catapult, to convert your songs and communicate with Apple on your behalf. Alternatively, you can put music on iTunes yourself as long as you have at least 20 albums and have already purchased UPCs for each song. Then, upload your music and artwork to your aggregator, or directly to iTunes, and expect to wait up to 4 weeks for the songs to go live. Finally, create a strong social media presence and use your accounts to direct people to your songs on iTunes.	Know that it is difficult to get music on iTunes without an aggregator. Apple has made it hard to publish your music to iTunes without hiring an outside company called an aggregator. Aggregators convert your songs, communicate with Apple, and handle the legal hurdles of publishing music. If you don't have an aggregator you can still put music on iTunes if you meet several conditions: You must have at least 20 albums. You must buy a Universal Product Code (UPC) and International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) for each song. You must have a Mac running OS X 10.5.8 or later. Review a list of Apple-approved aggregators. There are hundreds of music distribution companies online that promise to put your music on iTunes for you, but luckily Apple has published a list of its preferred aggregators. Look into several aggregators before picking the first one you see on Google. Popular aggregators include Tunecore, CDBaby, and Catapult. There are many other popular aggregators that work with iTunes but are not on Apple's list, including ADED.US Music Distribution, RecordUnion, Distrokid, Ditto, and ReverbNation. Consider the upfront cost of your aggregator. Click on the button labeled “Pricing” on the homepage of most aggregation sites. Music distribution companies charge a flat fee, take a cut of your royalties, or a combination of both. General upfront costs include: '''Single Songs:''' $10-$15 per song. '''Albums:''' $20-$60 per album (first year) Some companies charge annual fees to keep you album on iTunes, usually $40-$50 each year. Know if your aggregator takes a percentage of sales. Apple takes 30% of the revenue from every song sold on iTunes already, meaning you are making roughly $0.70/song before an aggregator takes their share. Usually, companies with low up-front fees take a larger cut (10-15%) while other companies charge an annual fee to keep your music online. Some examples include: '''CDBaby and Catapult:''' Take 9% off of every song sold, but they have no annual fees. '''Tunecore and ReverbNation:''' Take nothing for each song, but they charge $50/year. Companies that take a percentage of royalties usually make you more money if you sell less than 1000 albums. Understand how aggregators pay you. An aggregator is simply a music distribution service that publishes your music on Spotify, iTunes, SoundCloud, and other music services. As such, the aggregator is paid for each of your songs sold on iTunes, and the aggregator then sends you a check. Some aggregators pay monthly, others bi-monthly, and some weekly. Research your aggregators “royalties report” timeline to find when they will pay you. Compare the extra features from company to company. For example, few aggregators will charge extra to put your music on Spotify and other music services. Yet some companies, like CDBaby and Catapult, charge $20 per album to buy a UPC, which is essential to sell on iTunes. Other features to look for include: '''Outside Royalties:''' Tunecore, for example, will handle TV and film rights for you for a flat fee of $75, while CDBaby will collect royalties from other sites like SoundExchange for free. '''iTunes Preorder:''' Some companies (CDBaby, LouderFM) offer this for free, while others do not offer pre-orders (Distrokid) or have extra costs (Tunecore). '''Reporting:''' Almost every aggregator will send you statistics based on how your album or song is selling. Some will send you trend reports each day (Distrokid, Tunecore), while others sent reports weekly or monthly (CDBaby, ReverbNation). Sign up an aggregator that fits your band. There are a lot of choices , but the biggest decision to make is whether you want to pay annual fees or a percentage of your royalties. After you've made that decision you can choose between the features each site offers by checking the “FAQ” and “Services” pages on their website. New musicians should avoid annual fees. Unless you can sell thousands of copies, you will make more money paying a cut of royalties to a company like CDBaby or MondoTunes. This allows you to keep your music on iTunes forever, not until you the day you can't afford an annual fee anymore. Established musicians should contact small, niche aggregators. Companies like InGroove and The Orchard only a few bands based on their quality and following. However, this means that they spend more time marketing your band and working with you to maximize sales. Musicians with a large online backing should keep their royalties. Sites that charge annual fees but let you keep royalties are more profitable if you can sell over 1,000 copies a year. These sites are made for mid-range to large bands who can tap into an online community to drive sales. Upload your music and album artwork to your aggregator. Once you've chosen the perfect site to handle your music, upload the music and artwork and let them take care of the rest. Most sites get your music onto iTunes within 1-4 weeks, and some boast that they only need 2-3 days. Send the aggregator the best quality sound and picture files you have – they will convert them to the preferred iTunes format. Some sites, like Tunecore, offer offer custom album artwork if you don't have it. Wait 2-3 weeks to release your music. The albums featured on iTunes are not paid advertisements -- they're chosen by the iTunes staff as "new and noteworthy" releases. Getting your picture and album on the front page of iTunes is one of the best ways to drive sales, so set your release date 2-3 weeks after you distribute your music to give the iTunes staff time to hear your songs. Use pre-orders to gain momentum online. Most aggregators allow you to sell pre-orders, which increases your sales when the album drops. Pre-orders allow you to market your music in advance, giving people sound-bites to get excited about. When the album finally comes out, everyone who pre-ordered the album will be talking about you at the same time, creating social media buzz to drive future albums sales. Have an active social media presence. Today, a strong online campaign is the best way for anyone at home to sell their music. This needs to be prepared months in advanced. Start a Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and BandCamp page to make yourself accessible to your fans and meet new ones. More important than having an account, however, is using it. The most successful bands post at least once a day, if not more: Twitter: Try for 3-5 tweets per day. Facebook: Post at least twice a day. Pinterest: Post or re-pin another band 4-5 times a day. Blog: Try to write a post 3-4 times a week. Connect these accounts for the most success. For example, put your Twitter handle at the bottom of every blog post. Promote your music. The only way you can sell you music is if you promote it. Talk about it on blogs, ask friends to write you a review, and play some small concerts in your town to get people talking about you. Try to record 2-3 songs to put online so that people can hear you before they buy. Ask local coffee shops and bars about playing your music during the week. Send you music to college radio stations. They will often play your music and are more approachable then commercial stations. Attach your iTunes link to everything. You need to use your social media presence, music buzz, and concerts to drive traffic back to your album, otherwise you won't get any sales. Make this easy on your listeners by placing a link to your album on your website, blog, Facebook, Twitter, etc. Whenever you are out, be sure to mention the album at your concerts or when you meet interested listeners. Create a QR code to send smartphone users directly to your music without clicking on any links.	Know that it is difficult to get music on iTunes without an aggregator. Review a list of Apple-approved aggregators. Consider the upfront cost of your aggregator. Know if your aggregator takes a percentage of sales. Understand how aggregators pay you. Compare the extra features from company to company. Sign up an aggregator that fits your band. Upload your music and album artwork to your aggregator. Wait 2-3 weeks to release your music. Use pre-orders to gain momentum online. Have an active social media presence. Promote your music. Attach your iTunes link to everything.
https://www.wikihow.com/Celebrate-the-Persian-New-Year-(Nowruz)	How to Celebrate the Persian New Year (Nowruz)	If you want to celebrate Persian New Year, start by cleaning your house before the celebration, and get a new outfit to wear on the spring equinox. On the day of the festival, decorate eggs by painting or dying them, jump over a fire, and bang pots and pans. Then, prepare your hafsteen table by arranging 7 items that begin with "S" in Persian on the tablecloth, and sit around the table to exchange gifts with friends and family.	Mark your calendar for the spring equinox. This holiday begins on the vernal equinox, which happens in the spring and falls on slightly different days each year. The festival lasts for 2 weeks after this date. The new year begins exactly when the sun crosses the equator. You can look up the exact time online. The vernal equinox is the first day of spring, and Nowruz falls on this day for a reason. It marks the end of winter and the rebirth of the earth into spring. Start your spring cleaning ahead of the festival. Cleaning is a traditional part of this holiday. This ritual is called khaneh tekani, meaning "shaking down the house." The idea is you clean up your house and community, and spruce it up, in an effort to keep evil away. After cleaning, you can start the new year with fresh, pure energy. Buy a new set of clothes. While it's not absolutely necessary to buy new clothes, particularly if you don't have the money, it's a customary practice. Typically, you wear the clothes on the first day of the festival to welcome in the new year. It doesn't matter what you wear, as long as everything is new, including your underwear and socks! This ritual is a symbol that you're starting fresh. Have food on hand for your guests. The Persian New Year is a time for visiting friends and family. Have pastries, candies, fruit, tea, and cookies on hand, as well as tea and sherbet. Nuts and dried fruit are also appropriate. You can buy many of these items if you're not much of a cook! Have an egg-decorating party. Just like Easter, egg-decorating is a typical fun activity to do around this holiday. If you do it before the festival starts, you can use the eggs to decorate your festival table, the haftseen table. You can dye eggs like you do for Easter. You can also have kids or adults color or paint on the eggs. Stickers, sequins, and stick-on gems are also fun. Build a fire on the Tuesday before the equinox. Make a small outdoor fire for the fire-jumping ritual, called Chaharshanbe Suri. Pick an area free from debris and grass, if possible, or water the area very well. Concrete is good for this ritual. You can simply light some charcoal in a small throwaway foil pan, if you'd like. Jump over your fire! Because fire represents God's wisdom, jumping over fire is a way to start off the new year with good luck, ridding yourself of bad luck in the fire. Be careful, though, because catching yourself on fire is no fun at all (and certainly not good luck)! Keep a fire extinguisher and a hose nearby just in case, and check your local regulations about fire before lighting yours. You're supposed to absorb some wisdom from the heat of the fire. Visit a Nowruz festival to jump over fire. You'll also find fires lit at most Nowruz festivals, so you can forgo lighting your own if you wish. You can even just watch others jump over the fires if you prefer. You may hear the traditional song, "Zardi-ye man az (ane) to, sorkhi-ye to az (ane) man," which translates, "My yellowness to you, your redness to me." You're giving your sickness and bad luck (yellowness) to the fire, and asking for strength and health (redness) in return. Eat pastries and nuts during this festival to give thanks and exchange evilness from the past year for the warmth and strength of the fire. Give your children a pot and spoon to bang. Another tradition is to let kids go through the neighborhood, banging as they go. They also traditionally ask for candy or sweets at neighbors' houses, similar to the traditions of Halloween. Referred to as ghashogh-zani, this ritual represents beating the last unlucky day out of the last year. Ask someone to untie a handkerchief knot for you. Another custom is to tie a knot in a piece of clothing, a handkerchief, or even a shoelace. Then, you get someone to undo it for you, helping you to undo your bad luck from last year. You can also break an earthen jar to break your misfortune. Begin with 7 items that begin with "S" (in Persian). This lucky number helps bring luck to the household, and the 7 items represent the rebirth of the earth in spring. Drape the table with a decorative cloth, and arrange the items on the table. Typically, the 7 items are: Sabzeh (سبزه) – wheat, barley, mung bean or lentil sprouts growing in a dish, symbolizing rebirth. Samanu (سمنو) – sweet pudding made from wheat germ, symbolizing affluence. Senjed (سنجد) – dried oleaster or the wild olive fruit, symbolizing love. Seer (سیر) – garlic, symbolizing medicine and health. Seeb (سیب) – an apple, symbolizing beauty. Sombal (سماق) – hyacinth blossoms, for spring. Serkeh (سرکه) – vinegar, symbolizing old-age and patience. You can also choose other symbols beginning with "S," such as sekeh (coins) for prosperity or sumac spice, representing the sunrise. Add other items to round out your table. If you wish, you can include other items of significance, such as a Quran, another holy book, or a book of poetry. For fertility and life, try adding painted hard-boiled eggs or a goldfish swimming in a bowl. You can also include mirrors or candles to symbolize the future. Many families also put out fruits and candies. Wait for the new year around haftseen table to exchange gifts. Usually, families ring in the new year around this table. Gather around it ahead of time, and wait for the appropriate time to pass. Then you can exchange gifts with your family and friends! Alternatively, you can sit near the this table rather than around it. Often, the gifts are just given to kids, and sometimes, the gifts are just money. There's even a Iranian version of Santa Claus for this holiday! Visit your older family members on the first day of the festival. It's customary to go to see your family, starting with the eldest members first. Often, the older family members come and visit the younger ones later in the day. If someone died in the last year, it's customary to visit that house first. Wish each other happy new year by saying “Norooz Pirooz." Don't forget to put on your new set of clothes! Prepare and eat your traditional New Year meal. Typically, you'll eat foods like herb pilaf with white fish (sabzi polo bâ mâhi) and/or a frittata known as kuku sabzi, made with herbs like fenugreek, tarragon, dill, coriander, and parsley. You can make the herb pilaf with a fish like tilapia or bass. Repeat visits to your family. This holiday is all about family and friends, so you'll continue to visit them throughout the 2-week festival. Don't forget to keep snacks on hand for the frequent visitors you may have! If you don't expect to have any visitors, invite people over. Go to local festivals. Many areas have Nowruz festivals, even in places outside of Iran. You can likely find one in your area that has food, music, and activities to celebrate nature. Count your blessings. Nowruz is a fresh start, and Iranians believe that if you smile during Nowruz then you'll smile for the whole year. Take time to count the blessings, friends, and joys you've received in the past year. In other words, if you're grumpy during the holiday, Iranians believe you'll have bad luck in the following year! Finish the festival with a picnic for Sizdah Bedar. This day is the final day of the festival, and it's customary to spend it outside. It's another way of guaranteeing good luck in the coming year. Traditionally, you'll eat âsh soup, which is made with lentils and legumes, greens, and noodles. It's topped with crispy onions, fried mint, and an Iranian type of sour cream. Toss out the sprouts from your haftseen table. These sprouts have taken on the negative energy from your household, so now you have to get them out! The best way to do it is to toss them in flowing water, such as a creek or river. Bring it with you on your picnic to find a place to throw it, making a wish as you toss the bad energy. If you're a single gal, one tradition is to tie a knot in a sprout before throwing all of them out, in hopes of bringing you romance in the coming year.	Mark your calendar for the spring equinox. Start your spring cleaning ahead of the festival. Buy a new set of clothes. Have food on hand for your guests. Have an egg-decorating party. Build a fire on the Tuesday before the equinox. Jump over your fire! Visit a Nowruz festival to jump over fire. Give your children a pot and spoon to bang. Ask someone to untie a handkerchief knot for you. Begin with 7 items that begin with "S" (in Persian). Add other items to round out your table. Wait for the new year around haftseen table to exchange gifts. Visit your older family members on the first day of the festival. Prepare and eat your traditional New Year meal. Repeat visits to your family. Go to local festivals. Count your blessings. Finish the festival with a picnic for Sizdah Bedar. Toss out the sprouts from your haftseen table.
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Tie-Dyed-Cake	How to Make a Tie Dyed Cake	To make a tie-dyed cake, start by mixing a box cake mix with a 12-ounce bottle of clear soda. Then, divide the batter into 6 bowls and use food coloring to make each bowl of batter a different color. Next, pour a little bit of each batter into a cake pan, layering the different colors as you go, until you've poured in all of the batter. Finally, bake the cake for 15-20 minutes at 350 degrees Fahrenheit.	Pour the cake mix into a mixing bowl. Add the clear soda and whisk until the cake mix has completely dissolved in the soda. (You will see a bit of foam in the beginning, but don't worry, this will go away as you continue to whisk). Do not follow the box instructions for cake if you are using a boxed cake mix. Just use the powdered cake mix. Divide the batter into six bowls. Make sure you give Bowl 1 the most batter and gradually decrease your batter amount in each consecutive bowl. Bowl 6 should contain the least amount of cake mix. Choose your desired colors. Squeeze about a dime (10 pence) sized (0.705 inch or 17.91 mm) amount of one color in Bowl 1. Continue doing this with the other colors for the rest of the bowls. Mix the colors into the cake mix. Pour half of Bowl 1 into the middle of the baking pan. Don't worry about spreading it out. Pour half of Bowl 2 directly on the top middle of the first layer. Continue doing this with bowls 3 to 6. After you pour in your last bowl, you should see that the cake mix starts to take the shape of the baking pan. Repeat this layering for the second baking pan, but reverse the order of the colors. This will add visual texture to the cut cake. Bake at 350ºF/180ºC for about 15 to 20 minutes. Stick a toothpick into the middle of the cakes to make sure it is done baking. If the toothpick comes out clean, then it's finished! Remove from the oven and leave to cool. Serve. If wished, frost the cake. Otherwise, it's fine on its own, as the many colors will make it interesting enough.	Pour the cake mix into a mixing bowl. Do not follow the box instructions for cake if you are using a boxed cake mix. Divide the batter into six bowls. Choose your desired colors. Pour half of Bowl 1 into the middle of the baking pan. Pour half of Bowl 2 directly on the top middle of the first layer. Repeat this layering for the second baking pan, but reverse the order of the colors. Bake at 350ºF/180ºC for about 15 to 20 minutes. Stick a toothpick into the middle of the cakes to make sure it is done baking. Remove from the oven and leave to cool. Serve.
https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Rid-of-Nervousness	How to Get Rid of Nervousness	To get rid of nervousness right away, start by taking several deep breaths to help slow down your heart rate and reduce blood pressure. Try to breathe evenly and avoid holding your breath, which is a common response to nervousness. Next, take a few moments to visualize something soothing that makes you feel safe, like your favorite pet, a calm sea, or a happy memory. It also helps to limit your caffeine intake, since its stimulant properties can increase feelings of anxiety.	Take some deep breaths. If you have a big moment coming up, it's highly likely that you will be feeling nervous and anxious as it draws closer. You may not able to completely get rid of this feeling, but you can take steps to control your nervousness. Deep breathing slows your heart rate and reduces your blood pressure. Sit up straight and breathe deeply in through your nose. Place your hand on your abdomen so you can feel your lungs filling with air. After holding it for a few seconds, exhale slowly through your mouth. Repeat this until you feel your heart slow and you become more relaxed. Try to clear your mind and just concentrate on your breathing. To maintain a regular rhythm when breathing count from one to five as you breathe in and then again from one to five as you breathe out. Practice and prepare. If you have something like a presentation or a job interview that makes you nervous, practising can help make the event seem more familiar. Have a trusted friend sit through your presentation or ask you common interview questions. Practice also helps if you're planning to confront someone about something awkward. Tired of your roommate leaving dirty dishes in the sink? Rehearse your grievances privately and then address your roommate with confidence. Rehearsing for more unstructured events like parties can be difficult. Still, the process of rehearsing a few jokes and stories could help calm your nerves. Rationalise your fears. If you are nervous about a job interview or a presentation, think "what's the worst that could happen?" You could have an interview that goes horribly wrong, but really it's not the end of the world. It's completely normal to nervous about a significant event in your life, but remember there are plenty more opportunities to come, even if it doesn't feel like it at the time. If you are able to adopt a slightly more rounded appreciation of these events you may find new confidence and be able to present yourself more successfully. Take a moment to visualize. If you feel the nervousness gathering, take a few moments to try and visualize something calming and soothing. Close your eyes and picture something that makes you feel safe. It could be anything from a calm sea, to your cat, or a happy childhood memory. Listen to music. Listening to some slow, mellow music or even some nature sounds can help you to relax and lower your heart rate down and make you generally calmer. Listening to more uptempo music, and singing your heart out along with it, can be cathartic too. Practice regular deep breathing. The same deep breathing exercises that you can use to calm yourself down in a stressful moment can be incorporated into your daily routine. Doing regular deep breathing will give you a time set aside to relax. Sit up straight and fill your lungs with air by breathing in through both your nose and your mouth. Count up to five as you breathe in. If you can't get to five at first, don't force it. Breathe out slowly, letting the air leave your lungs in a slow and controlled manner. Count to five again as you breathe out. Repeat this and you will begin to feel calmer and more relaxed. Practice this relaxed breathing for three to five minutes, two or three times a day. Or whenever you feel stressed and nervous. Give yourself a massage. You can use a tennis ball to massage your shoulders. Begin by wrapping your shoulders and neck in a warm towel for 10 minutes. While wearing the warm wrap, close your eyes and relax your shoulder, neck and back and chest muscles. The heat will ease your muscles and loosen them. You can increase the relaxation by giving your back a massage. After removing the warm towel, stand with you back to a wall. Place a tennis ball or foam roller between your back and the wall. Push the ball against the wall with your back, holding it with the part of your back you're trying to massage. Apply gentle pressure for 15 seconds by leaning into the ball. Release the pressure and move the ball to another spot. Try progressive muscle relaxation. The goal here is to systematically tense and then relax your different muscle groups. Doing this will ease the tension in your muscles and help you to feel more relaxed all over your body, while allowing you to focus in on each muscle group in turn.You will gain more awareness of physical sensations and recognise when you are involuntarily tensing your muscles. Begin with your toes. Tense your muscles there for 5 seconds, then relax for 30 seconds. Next you would tense and relax your calf muscles. Continue tensing and relaxing all your muscle groups one-by-one up as you travel up your body. You can also begin at the top (your head) and work your way down to the bottom. Use autogenic relaxation. Autogenic relaxation combines visualization and body awareness to help you relax. It brings together a few different relaxation techniques into a single method. Begin by closing your eyes and picturing a relaxing scene. Breathe slowly and deeply. As you concentrate on your breathing gradually relax different parts of your body, one at a time. Start with your legs, then move on to your arms, your shoulders, and so on. You should feel your heart rate slowing as you relax. Instead of focusing on an image, you can try repeating relaxing words or phrases. The word autogenic refers to something that comes from within you. Meditate. Regular meditation may actually help your brain deal more effectively with stress. Even just a few minutes of meditation each day can help to ease your anxiety. It's a good thing to incorporate into your daily routine in you suffer from nervousness or anxiety regularly. To meditate, simply place both feet on the floor and sit up straight. Close your eyes, recite your chosen mantra and let all the other thoughts drift away. As you repeat the mantra concentrate on your breathing with deep slow rhythmic breaths. Try putting one hand on your stomach as you breathe in and out and aligning your breathing with your mantra recitation. Your mantra can be anything you like. Just keep it positive. Try “I am at peace”. Don't expect perfection. Often people experience nervousness and anxiety because they are put under, or put themselves under, pressure to perform perfectly at everything they do. Not every day will be perfect. You will have setbacks and disappointments. Learning to deal with them will help you to become stronger and more independent. It's important to remember that life is often complicated and difficult, and sometimes you have to be able to roll with the punches. Confront your anxiety. Try to figure out the cause of your nervousness. Are you worried about your job? Your love life? Money? Socializing at a work party? Once you've located the source of your nervousness, work on shifting your perspective. Rather than thinking “My job is unfulfilling,” think “My job is a way for me to do other more fulfilling things in my life.” If your anxiety is associated with a particular place, go to that place and confront the anxiety head on. If you panic when you get into a lift one day, go back into one the following day. Challenge recurring irrational thoughts with rational ones. Write down when something makes you feel nervous and why. Then go back through them, and begin to challenge them rationally. Talking to someone can help, as can keeping a journal. Rather than dwelling on nervous thoughts, exorcise them by writing them down in a journal. Let your journal “remember” your nervous thoughts for you can free your mind up to do other things. Keeping a journal is also a good way of tracking the things that make you nervous. Looking back on something that stressed you out in the past but is over now can offer some much-needed perspective. Embarrass yourself. Perhaps your nervousness stems from a fear of embarrassment. If that's the case, then try purposefully embarrassing yourself in mild ways so you can get used to the feeling. Try handing out lemons to strangers for no reason. The more you expose yourself to uncomfortable situations the more you will chase the fear and anxiety away. Become someone else. Devise an alter ego, complete with a fake name and back story. Use this alter ego in unfamiliar situations or in situations of little consequence. This allows you to get used to things like small talk and casual flirting. Of course, do not, under any circumstances, use your alter ego in situations—like job interviews or dates—where your duplicity could have serious repercussions! Think of it as a fun way to get used to being in situations that you would normally find stressful and don't take it seriously. Get regular exercise. Regular exercise can greatly reduce nervousness. It helps relax certain neurotransmitters and tires out your muscles, which decreases anxiety levels. It has the added benefit of being good for you, improving your sleep and your self-esteem. Just taking a short walk can help to relieve anxiety. Getting outside in the fresh air can also have a refreshing and rejuvenating effect. Get plenty of sleep. Too many people get too little sleep, which can result in increased stress levels and other serious health conditions. When you're tired, it becomes more difficult to distinguish between justified and unjustified nervousness. The average adult should get between 7 and 9 hours of sleep per night. Adopt a regular sleep schedule and stick to it. To ensure a good night's sleep, try a relaxation exercise before bed. Deep breathing, stretching and progressive muscle relaxation can all help. Eat a healthy balanced diet. A good healthy diet will help provide you with all the minerals and nutrients you need to stay healthy and active. A poor diet can lead to fluctuating blood sugar levels, which can produce bodily sensations similar to anxiety. A good diet and regular exercise will lower this risk. Have plenty of complex carbohydrates, such as bread, potatoes and pasta. But cut down on simple carbohydrates, such as biscuits, chocolate bars, crisps, fizzy drinks, and beer. Limit your caffeine intake. Coffee has its benefits, but the caffeine in coffee (not to mention other drinks like soda and energy drinks) is a stimulant that can increase anxiety. Gradually try to cut down on your caffeine intake. Consider keeping a caffeine diary for a few days to document how much you consume and work on lowering this amount over a few weeks. If you are having trouble sleeping, it can be helpful to cut out caffeine altogether in the late afternoon and evening. Consider trying decaffeinated teas and coffees and incorporating these into your daily tea and coffee intake. Evaluate your nervousness. The tips above can help you to relax and deal with day-to-day fears and anxieties, but if your nervousness is chronic and severe you may need to seek help from a doctor. If you find it exceptionally difficult to deal with your nervousness, make an appointment with your doctor to talk about it. There are a number of possible diagnoses, including Generalised Anxiety Disorder and depression. A feature of Generalised Anxiety Disorder can be experiencing intense nervousness when there is no obvious trigger. If your nervousness is having a real impact on your daily life, go to see a doctor. If you've had thoughts of self-harming, or suicide, contact your doctor, or a friend or relative that you can trust straight-away. Be honest with your doctor. It's important to be up-front and honest if you go to see your doctor to talk about your nervousness. It can be difficult to talk about your feelings, but you should do your best to give as clear a picture as possible and not leave anything out. She is there to help and needs as much information as possible to make a diagnosis and recommend the best course of action for you to take. Think through what you want to say before you go. If you have been keeping track of your moods and the things that cause you to become overly nervous or anxious, share this information with the doctor. Don't be scared by the diagnosis. If your doctor tells you that you are suffering from Generalised Anxiety Disorder or Clinical Depression, don't think that you are being cast out from everybody else. It is estimated that one in every 25 people in the UK are affected by Generalised Anxiety Disorder. Talk about what these diagnoses mean with your doctor. Talk through the treatment options. There are a number of different ways to try to overcome your nervousness, including psychological treatments and medication. Your doctor will also most likely recommend you exercise regularly, eat healthily, stop smoking, and cut down on alcohol and caffeine. Your treatment may start with a period of self-help overseen by your doctor. You may do this alone, or in a group. Some psychological treatments you may be prescribed, including cognitive behavioural therapy, which is aimed at altering how you react to situations. Understand the medications that could be prescribed. If the initial treatments are unsuccessful, your doctor may prescribe a drug to treat your anxiety. Be sure to discuss all the possible medications fully with your doctor, including potential side-effects and the initial duration of the treatment. There are a variety of drugs which can be prescribed depending on your symptoms. The main ones are: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This is a type of anti-depressant which increases the serotonin in your brain. SSRIs are usually the first type of drug you will be offered. Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). If the SSRIs have not helped your anxiety, your doctor may prescribe you an SNRI. This is an anti-depressant drug which increases the amount of serotonin and noradrenaline in your brain. Pregabalin. You may be prescribed pregabalin if SSRIs and SNRIs are unsuitable for you. This drug is an anticonvulsant usually prescribed for those with conditions such as epilepsy, which has been shown to be beneficial for those suffering anxiety. Benzodiazepines. These types of drugs are sedatives which are very effective at countering anxiety, but which can only be taken for short periods. Your doctor may prescribe a benzodiazepine during a severe period of anxiety as a short-term treatment. As with any medication, follow the given instructions closely and stay in regular contact with your doctor.	Take some deep breaths. Practice and prepare. Rationalise your fears. Take a moment to visualize. Listen to music. Practice regular deep breathing. Give yourself a massage. Try progressive muscle relaxation. Use autogenic relaxation. Meditate. Don't expect perfection. Confront your anxiety. Challenge recurring irrational thoughts with rational ones. Embarrass yourself. Become someone else. Get regular exercise. Get plenty of sleep. Eat a healthy balanced diet. Limit your caffeine intake. Evaluate your nervousness. Be honest with your doctor. Don't be scared by the diagnosis. Talk through the treatment options. Understand the medications that could be prescribed.
https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Into-Stanford	How to Get Into Stanford	To get into Stanford, start by taking high school classes that coincide with your intended area of study. AP classes are even more impressive, as long as you can still get good grades in them. Aside from school, focus on one or two extracurriculars or volunteer opportunities that you're passionate about. Additionally, consider taking a prep course for standardized tests, because perfect scores will give you a better chance of being admitted.	Start ASAP. The fact of the matter is that kids are growing up faster and faster nowadays and parents are becoming more and more demanding. Taking an AP class in high school isn't nearly as impressive when your neighbor is taking it as a 12-year-old. The sooner you start being an amazing student, the better! In other words, start in junior high if you can. You know the phrase "You can't teach an old dog new tricks?" Take it to heart. Picking up a sport, a language, a hobby, or a skill is infinitely harder the older you get. Do yourself a favor now and get involved in whatever you can. By the time you need to apply, you'll be the cream of the crop. Get on the right academic track in high school. Meet with your high school counselor regularly from day one to review your academic progress. Inform them you're looking to go to Stanford so they can get you on the right track as soon as possible. They'll be able to suggest classes and tell you what you need to do to get started. Keep your career goals in mind when it comes to choosing classes. For example, becoming a doctor would require Algebra 1, 2, Geometry, Calculus, Trigonometry, and any other math classes you have offered in your school along with Physics, Chemistry, and any other science classes you have. For art/design careers, physics, geometry, art, and computer design are wonderful. Be aware that Stanford recommends 4 years of English with an emphasis on writing and literature; 4 years of Mathematics with emphasis on algebra, trigonometry and geometry; 3 years of History/Social Studies, preferably with an essay component; and 3 years of laboratory science, such as biology, chemistry and physics. Three-to-four years of a foreign language is also recommended. Get outrageously stellar grades. The better your grades, the better your chances, even though Stanford has no "minimum GPA" requirement. And if your grades are in AP and advanced classes, even better. 56% of all applicants have a GPA of 4.0 or better. That being said, you can get into this school on less than perfect GPA. If you have a 3.5 but you invented a school curriculum that 10 states have adopted, you'll still get in. You just may end up going to MIT instead! Enroll yourself in AP classes. You should begin as early as possible taking gifted classes and any honors classes that your school offers. Yes, you will have to take EOC tests for those classes, but the more the merrier! If your school only offers a few, take them. This is important because Stanford weighs certain classes against others. The more AP classes you have -- and if you get good grades in them -- the more impressive your application will be. Harder classes are given more consideration. Think quality versus quantity when it comes to extracurricular activities. The university is looking for enthusiasm and commitment in what you're doing. That might be better shown as in-depth experience in a couple of activities rather than minimal participation in many clubs and sports. Find what you enjoy and do it. Do it throughout your high school career. No extracurricular activity has more merit than another at this college. As long as you can prove you're sticking with it and advancing, it's impressive. Participate in clubs that your school has, like Student Council, Spirit, Debate, or NHS. Run for class president and be one of the officers. Participate in a school play. Start an environment group. Be as well-rounded as possible. Volunteer. If there's something during your time in high school you should make time for, it's volunteering. Not only do you have to be smart, athletic, and well-spoken, you have to be kind and community-oriented, too. A good GPA isn't that hard to come by -- but a person with good character, solid morals, and a good GPA takes the cake. Look into volunteering at your local hospital, animal shelter, homeless shelter, nursing home, daycare, or with larger groups like Habitat for Humanity. If you're interested in an organization doesn't have an established volunteer program, ask! Very few people turn down those willing to work for free. Rock the ACT plus Writing or SAT test. One of these standardized tests is REQUIRED by Stanford in order to be considered. However, there's no minimal test score needed in order to be admitted. Although, getting a near perfect score will rocket your chances into getting into Stanford. In the last year, 25% of the admitted class received an 800 on their SAT for both math and critical thinking. Two SAT subject tests are recommended, but are not required. You will need to include official results if you choose to submit these tests. Take reading and math, as this is pretty much the bare minimum of the two tests. Take writing if possible. Go on websites like number2.com in middle school so you will get a perfect score in high school! If your results are less than you were hoping for, don't let it keep you from applying. There are a dozen other things being considered in addition to your test scores. Do something extraordinary. If it's not easily explicable, even better. Consider student A: She's captain of the volleyball team, the lead in the school play, has a 4.0 GPA, volunteers at a domestic abuse shelter for women, is a black belt in karate, and speaks fluent Japanese and Tagalog. Impressive stuff. Student B just went on a UN trip to Switzerland and coordinated delegates. Wait, what? Both students A and B did things that were very impressive and required hard work -- no one's going to argue otherwise. However, student A did things that most people could see themselves or someone they know doing. As for student B -- how they heck did they get involved with the UN at 17?! They must have something special about them. Even though student B got lucky, attended a conference and just schmoozed the right people, no one knows that. They just know that student B did something incredible. Something they can't explain. And that's impressive. Stanford loves impressive. Know the deadlines. The Restrictive Early Action deadline is November 1st. The regular decision deadline is January 1st. If you are including an arts supplement, the deadlines are October 15th and December 1st, respectively. Most students abide by the regular decision guidelines. "Restrictive Early Action" should only be used if you are confident Stanford is your first choice. Conduct a thorough search of other colleges before you assume this is the action you should take. Visit admission.stanford.edu/arts for information on submitting the arts supplement. If you are serious about the arts and intend on pursuing them in some form (no commitment to pursuing them at Stanford is necessary), consider this section of the application and its respective deadlines. Go to Stanford's application website. For the most up-to-date information, that's where you'll want to be. Click on the "never registered" link under "Apply" in the middle of the screen. And you're off! You must apply online unless you have special circumstances that prevent you from doing so. Stanford University only accepts online applications unless you are given special permission to send in paper applications. Fill out the "First Year Common Application" and "The Stanford Supplement" forms and submit both of them. The process will be very linear and straightforward online -- you can find them at commonapp.org. Your high school transcripts are also required. Your school has the choice of sending them electronically or by mail. There are three forms that must be completed: the Secondary School Report, the Mid-Year School Report and the Final Report. These forms can be completed or downloaded at the Common Application Web Site. You must also send in a $90 non-refundable application fee with these forms. If you'd like to have the fee waived, talk to your counselor and fill out the necessary form online or fax it to (650) 723-6050. Obtain 2 teacher evaluations. These evaluations must come from teachers who taught you in grades 11 or 12, unless you took advanced level courses in grade 10. Be sure to ask well in advance -- some teachers will take their sweet, sweet time when it comes to recommendation letters and evaluations. Your teachers should submit them online, as per Stanford's preferences. These evaluations must come from 2 different core subjects. Examples of accepted subjects include Math, English, Science, Foreign Languages or History/Social Sciences. You may take the option of including a third letter not from a teacher, if you feel it would round out the impression you give of yourself. However, this is optional and a third letter will neither increase or decrease your chances. Dominate the essay. Be yourself when writing your essays for Stanford. The college is looking for your "genuine" voice and not what you think they want, also known as "packaging." The committee has seen it all, can easily call BS, and won't be impressed by anything other than innovation, genuineness, and honesty. It is possible to write an essay on your love of ice cream and get in. Don't think you have to write your standard "Look at how awesome I am" essay -- at least directly. If you show you have drive, commitment, and are willing to step out of the box, you stand a decent chance of getting in. Don't resort to using gimmicks. Rest assured that the acceptance committee doesn't fall for much. They've seen tie-dyed boxers, dozens and dozens of baked goods, and even planes flying overhead trying to get students in. Know that they don't work. Only "you" seals the deal, not the gimmicks you employ. Be realistic. Each year, Stanford accepts fewer and fewer students -- well, really, more and more are applying (around 20,000). Last year, they accepted around 7% of all applicants. Even if you're Mr or Ms. Diamond Child Extraordinaire, you may not get in. And that's fine! It's not reflective of worth. Plenty of other schools will get you on the path to success, too. You should always, always have safety schools up your sleeve. If Stanford doesn't work out, you need a backup plan. If they accept you it doesn't mean you have to go! Know that Stanford is need-blind. This means that whether you're the son of Bill Gates or the daughter of an unemployed illegal immigrant, you'll be given consideration. What's more, Stanford has great financial aid -- if you don't think you can afford it, apply anyway. Yep, Stanford is a very, very expensive school to attend. You're looking at over $13,000 a quarter. But again, don't write it off. Stanford knows it's expensive -- it wants to help you out. It doesn't care whether you're the best of the best -- if you need aid, you will receive it. Apply for the CSS PROFILE (College Scholarship Service) and FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid) online. It'll take about 20 minutes and should be done by January. Meet the deadlines. For transfer students, the deadlines are a bit different. The application with the Arts supplement deadline and the standard application is March 15th; however, the SAT must be taken by January and the ACT by February. This goes for transferring students, whether you're international or not. Traditional students abide by an earlier timeline -- they apply by January. They'll also get notified by April, whereas you'll get notified by May. Check that you meet Stanford's eligibility requirements for a transfer admission. Consult the Stanford Bulletin and the registrar's web page for the most updated information on what transfer credits are accepted. If you have any questions, your adviser can help you out. Only classes in which you obtained a C- or higher will be counted toward your degree. What's more, only coursework from accredited universities that is similar to what Stanford offers will be accepted for credit. In order to obtain a degree from Stanford, you need to complete at least two years of coursework at the university. Complete the Common Application's Transfer Application and the Stanford Supplement. Both of these must be completed and submitted online at the Common Application Web Site. Also complete the Transfer Application Personal Essay as well as the Stanford Supplement Short Essays. Essay tips can be found in the "Mastering the Application Process" of this article. The process for you is very similar to process traditional students undertake. Instead of just high school transcripts, you'll be offering up your college ones, too. The same fees apply. Obtain two instructor evaluations. These evaluations must be from an academic teacher at your college, unless you have only taken large lecture courses. In those cases, a teaching assistant can fill out the form. Just as with the traditional students, you may submit an optional third letter from someone other than a teacher who knows you well and can round out your character. It will neither increase or decrease your chances. Have your instructors submit them online, if at all possible. Stanford is trying its hardest to go paperless and highly prefers online submission. For international students, submit the International Supplement form. This is an addition to the forms outlined in the traditional student section. Other than that, the process and expectations are no different. Translation of official transcripts and teacher evaluations into English is required. Original copies of your instructions should also be translated. These translations should be by teachers or school administrators who know English well. You can also take the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) if you are not a native English speaker. The test is not required, but is recommended. Reply to Stanford by June 1st. If you get notified that you were accepted, well, for starters, congratulations! Secondly, let them know by June 1st of your decision. The sooner you do, the sooner you can get started on living arrangements and financial aid. If you don't get in, don't stress. Getting in as a transfer student is even more difficult statistically than getting in as a traditional student -- in recent years, somewhere between 1 and 4% of transfer applicants get accepted. That's because only 20 to 50 spots are open annually. If you don't get in, you're in good company.	Start ASAP. Get on the right academic track in high school. Get outrageously stellar grades. Enroll yourself in AP classes. Think quality versus quantity when it comes to extracurricular activities. Volunteer. Rock the ACT plus Writing or SAT test. Do something extraordinary. Know the deadlines. Go to Stanford's application website. Fill out the "First Year Common Application" and "The Stanford Supplement" forms and submit both of them. Obtain 2 teacher evaluations. Dominate the essay. Don't resort to using gimmicks. Be realistic. Know that Stanford is need-blind. Meet the deadlines. Check that you meet Stanford's eligibility requirements for a transfer admission. Complete the Common Application's Transfer Application and the Stanford Supplement. Obtain two instructor evaluations. For international students, submit the International Supplement form. Reply to Stanford by June 1st.
https://www.wikihow.com/Teach-Adults-to-Read	How to Teach Adults to Read	To teach adults to read, introduce sounds individually by holding up a card with a letter on it, such as "F," and saying the sound several times Then, show the student words that begin with the “F” sound, such as “fine,” “fun,” and “fast.” Additionally, point to different objects and hold up the “F” card if it starts with that sound. Once the student masters a sound, work on how they blend together to form words. For example, say each sound in the word "fun," then show how they come together to form a word.	Assess what the reader knows. Start by figuring what letter sounds, or phonemes, the person already knows. That way, you can help fill in where they need help without rehashing what they do know. Most curriculums have an assessment you can do with students. However, if you need to make your own, make it based on the 6 phoneme tasks. Ask questions about phoneme isolation. Phoneme isolation is the ability to identify sounds in words. For instance, you might ask, "What is the first sound in 'finish'?" or "What is the last sound in 'past'?" Figure out what the student knows about phoneme categorization. Phoneme categorization is the ability to pick out the sounds that don't belong. For instance, you might ask, "Which word has a different vowel sound: bat, bag, or babe?" Discuss phoneme identity. In this task, the student must find the same sound in different words. For example, you might ask, "What is the common sound in 'paper,' 'pitch,' and 'pipe'?" Ask about phoneme blending. Phoneme blending requires students to join separate sounds together. You could say, "what word do these sounds spell? /s/ /k/ /u/ /p/ (scoop)?" Assess the student's phoneme segmentation. Here, you see whether students can pull the sounds out of a word. It's the opposite of blending. You could ask, "How many phonemes are there in 'scoop'?" (/s/ /k/ /u/ /p/) Discuss phoneme deletion. In this task, you ask students to delete a sound from a word and see what is leftover. You might ask, "How would you say 'scoop' without the /s/ sound?" Introduce sounds individually. Go through all the phonemes, using listening activities. For instance, you could use the phoneme /f/ which is the "F" sound in the English language. Start by saying the sound several times while holding up a card with /f/ on it. Then, using flash cards, show the students words that begin with /f/ as you say them slowly, such as "fine," "fall," "fast," and "furry." You can also use words that make that sound with different letters, such as "phone." Differentiate between each individual sound and others. Walk around the room and point to different objects. If it has the /f/ sound, for instance, hold up the card and say the word. If it doesn't have the sound, don't hold up the card. Reinforce each sound with a short quiz. Have the person number a paper 1 through 10 if they are able. Say a word out loud for each number. On the words that have an /f/ sound, for instance, the student should mark an "f" by it. Work on phoneme blending. Give examples of how sounds blend together to form words, such as /k/ /a/ /sh coming together to form cash. Say each sound, then slowly enunciate the word, so the students see how the word comes together. Once you've given examples, give the students sounds, and have them try to sound out the word for you. Play around with other phoneme tasks. Work through other phoneme tasks, such as phoneme deletion and phoneme segmentation. Provide examples of each task, and then ask the students to give you answers. For instance, show students how removing the /s/ /p/ from "splash" forms "lash." You could also show students how "hat" can be broken into /h/ /a/ /t/. Help with non-decodable words. Non-decodable words are ones that don't follow the rules of phonetics, such as "who." English has borrowed words from many languages, which is why many words don't follow "the rules." As the adults are trying to sound out words, help them figure out the ones that can't be decoded by saying it for them. Mostly, these words just need to be memorized. Work on spelling. Say a word out loud, one that is phonetically regular and follows the rules you've gone over already. Have the students put down a poker chip for each sound in the word, then go back and put a different-colored chip over each spot where a vowel sound is. Then, have the students write down the corresponding letter for each sound. Use a children's book. Using children's books with adults is a bit controversial, as some feel like it can be demoralizing or condescending for adults. However, children's books can take adults back to when they were first trying to read, which can be helpful. Plus, children's books often include rhyming and alliteration, which helps any beginning reader learn the phonetics of reading. Try reading these aloud to your students. If you feel like it might be condescending, try breaking the ice with a little joke, like "Well, we all know Humpty-Dumpty had a great fall, but now we get to read about it! Extra, extra!" Have the student(s) read a passage. Begin with a passage the students can read at least some of. Have each student read the passage out loud. As they do, provide feedback on words and anything else they need help with. Start with very basic passages. Look for passages for beginning learners. Read the passage aloud. Have your students listen to you read the passage aloud, while following along with the text. This helps the students hear how it's supposed to sound. Encourage the students to re-read the passage. Re-reading passages is the main way to learn fluency. Have each student re-read the passage aloud several times, while you provide feedback. Introduce new words to the students each lesson. Spend 10 to 15 minutes each lesson working on vocabulary. Bring out 6 to 10 new words, and give them a definition. Talk about the meaning of each word, and use it in a sentence. Ask different students to use the word in a sentence. Ask students to look up words as they're reading. One easy way to build vocabulary is to be exposed to new words in texts. As students are reading at home, they'll come across words they don't know. Tell the student to try to figure out what it means first by looking at the sentence. Then, ask the student to look it up to learn the meaning. Try vocabulary games. Vocabulary games can help students build up their word knowledge without as much pressure. You can even use common games like Pictionary, Scategories, and charades to help students work on their vocabulary. You can also try a game like chalkboard anagram. Write a word on the board, and then have students come up and write a word for each letter. Ask them to pick a word related to the anagram. For instance, if you write "COMPUTER," students could write " C rash," " O rder," " M ouse," " P ictures," " U ser," " T echnology," " E mail," and " R eboot." Ask students to paraphrase. As you read together or as they read at home, have the students put what they read in their own words. You can help them along by asking them questions, which can give them hints about what they should be focusing on. For instance, you could ask students to paraphrase this passage: "The cat longed to go outside. The cat waited for its chance. It stood by the door and watched for it to open. The humans finally opened it, and the cat ran out when they weren't looking. The cat visited the neighbors, chased a mouse, and found a warm sun spot to nap. When it got dark, the cat decided to go home because he wanted his dinner." The student might say, "The cat wanted to go outside, so he did. He had an adventure and then came home when he was hungry." Encourage students to draw what they hear. Another way to help students comprehend what they're hearing is to draw a picture as you read. Creating a visual image can assist students in synthesizing information, as it requires them to listen, hear, and reproduce the text in some form. If students have trouble with this task, start by helping them study pictures that are already with the text. You can also talk about what you see when you read the text. Create summaries by highlighting main ideas. Have students read a passage. As they do, ask them to highlight or underline what they see as the main ideas or thoughts of the passage. When they're done have them pull it together in a summary.	Assess what the reader knows. Ask questions about phoneme isolation. Figure out what the student knows about phoneme categorization. Discuss phoneme identity. Ask about phoneme blending. Assess the student's phoneme segmentation. Discuss phoneme deletion. Introduce sounds individually. Differentiate between each individual sound and others. Reinforce each sound with a short quiz. Work on phoneme blending. Play around with other phoneme tasks. Help with non-decodable words. Work on spelling. Use a children's book. Have the student(s) read a passage. Read the passage aloud. Encourage the students to re-read the passage. Introduce new words to the students each lesson. Ask students to look up words as they're reading. Try vocabulary games. Ask students to paraphrase. Encourage students to draw what they hear. Create summaries by highlighting main ideas.
https://www.wikihow.com/Draw-Homer-Simpson	How to Draw Homer Simpson	To draw Homer Simpson, start by making 2 circles for the eyes and putting a dot in the middle of each eye for the pupils. Underneath the eyes, draw a sausage shape for the nose. Next, draw 2 bows pointing in opposite directions for the mouth. Then, add his hair in 4 half circles above his eyes, and one of his ears by drawing a small half circle. Finally, complete Homer's top half by drawing a collar under his neck, 2 shirt sleeves, and a tummy below the collar.	Draw one circle. This will be the eye. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/b\/b2\/Simpsons-Step1_970.png","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/b\/b2\/Simpsons-Step1_970.png\/356px-Simpsons-Step1_970.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":450,"bigWidth":"356","bigHeight":"348","licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>Image by: Uploader<br>\nLicense: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a>\n<\/p><\/div>"} Draw a small circle, about half the size of the other one. Draw a horizontally straight line from the end of the nose to the eye. Draw another circle, the same size as the eye. It must be exactly in line with it, horizontally. It must 'wrap' around the nose. Erase the parts that overlap the nose and the first eye, as the first eye should be more in the foreground. Draw a curved line that stretches from the bottom point of the nose, to about in line with the far side of the first eye. Draw another curved line from the same point as the previous one, but pointing down, in a south-east direction. Its length must be about the height of one of the eyes. Draw another curved line from the finishing point of the last one, pointing slightly down. Its length will be the same as the vertical height of the nose. Draw a small curved line, slightly smaller than the last one, that goes from the finishing point of the last one, pointing south-west. From the ending point of the line in Step 9, draw yet another curved line that points south-east, that is slightly longer than the vertical height of one of the eyes. Draw a curved line from the point of the last one, to the point of the one in Step 12. Add any expression of your choice to the mouth. Draw a circle that is about the size of the curved part of Homer's skull (see picture above). Chop off half to make it a semi-circle, but at an angle. Move the semicircle to a suitable point. Make a small lump above the second eye (see picture). Draw a straight line from the top of the lump, to the bottom of the semicircle. Draw a curved line from the other point of the skull semicircle that stretches all the way down past the mouth. Create a circle about half the size of the eye, and cut a small part off. This will be the ear. Draw the line that appears on homers ear(see picture). Add the two curved hairs at the top, and the other ones just above the ear. Add pupils to the eyes at any desired point. Fill the face and Homer's beard with appropriate colours. If the head is too big, you can rub out and make it smaller Draw 2 circles as eyes. Place two dots for the pupils in both circles. Draw the nose shaped as a sausage under the eyes. Draw a bow that is pointing to the left for the first part for the mouth. Draw another bow that is pointed to the right and is connected to the other bow. Draw Homer's head above his eyes. Draw his hair making 4 half circles. Draw Homer's neck and ear, for the ear you can simply draw a half of a small circle. Draw the collar right under his neck. Draw under the collar Homer's tummy. Draw the 2 sleeves from his shirt. Draw under his sleeve his arm with the hand. Draw the start of his pants and legs. Draw his leg and shoe under his visible arm. Draw his other leg and shoe next to the other one.	Draw one circle. Draw a small circle, about half the size of the other one. Draw a horizontally straight line from the end of the nose to the eye. Draw another circle, the same size as the eye. Erase the parts that overlap the nose and the first eye, as the first eye should be more in the foreground. Draw a curved line that stretches from the bottom point of the nose, to about in line with the far side of the first eye. Draw another curved line from the same point as the previous one, but pointing down, in a south-east direction. Draw another curved line from the finishing point of the last one, pointing slightly down. Draw a small curved line, slightly smaller than the last one, that goes from the finishing point of the last one, pointing south-west. From the ending point of the line in Step 9, draw yet another curved line that points south-east, that is slightly longer than the vertical height of one of the eyes. Draw a curved line from the point of the last one, to the point of the one in Step 12. Add any expression of your choice to the mouth. Draw a circle that is about the size of the curved part of Homer's skull (see picture above). Move the semicircle to a suitable point. Make a small lump above the second eye (see picture). Draw a straight line from the top of the lump, to the bottom of the semicircle. Draw a curved line from the other point of the skull semicircle that stretches all the way down past the mouth. Create a circle about half the size of the eye, and cut a small part off. Draw the line that appears on homers ear(see picture). Add the two curved hairs at the top, and the other ones just above the ear. Add pupils to the eyes at any desired point. Fill the face and Homer's beard with appropriate colours. Draw 2 circles as eyes. Draw the nose shaped as a sausage under the eyes. Draw a bow that is pointing to the left for the first part for the mouth. Draw another bow that is pointed to the right and is connected to the other bow. Draw Homer's head above his eyes. Draw his hair making 4 half circles. Draw Homer's neck and ear, for the ear you can simply draw a half of a small circle. Draw the collar right under his neck. Draw under the collar Homer's tummy. Draw the 2 sleeves from his shirt. Draw under his sleeve his arm with the hand. Draw the start of his pants and legs. Draw his leg and shoe under his visible arm. Draw his other leg and shoe next to the other one.
https://www.wikihow.com/Replace-Laminate-Flooring	How to Replace Laminate Flooring	To replace laminate flooring, start by removing the moulding around the edges of the room and pulling up the existing laminate. Next, use an electric sander to smooth imperfections in the subfloor and remove any traces of adhesive or paint. Then, lay new laminate planks end-to-end against the far wall, set spacers between the planks and the wall, and trim the last plank to fit. Continue to lay out rows, staggering seams as you go and snapping the planks together.	Find the area of the room before buying laminate. Stretch out your tape measure along the wall on the longest side of the room. Do the same for the shorter side wall. Record both measurements on a notepad, then multiply the numbers together to get the total area. This will give you an idea of how much laminate flooring you'll need. Make sure you buy enough materials to cover the entire room. For example, a living room that's 22 feet (6.7 m) by 28 feet (8.5 m) will have an internal area of 616 feet (188 m). To install flooring in odd or irregularly-shaped rooms, it may be necessary to measure and trim the planks provisionally as you go. Allow the new flooring materials to acclimate to their surroundings. Before you actually begin installing the laminate flooring, you'll want to give it a chance to get used to the unique temperature and humidity levels inside your home. Bring the packaged planks inside and find an out-of-the-way place to leave them. They'll need to sit for at least 48-72 hours before they're ready to be handled. Store the flooring in your living room or foyer rather than the garage until you get your project underway. Removing the planks from their packaging as soon as they're delivered will expose them to more direct airflow, which can help them acclimate faster. Remove the moulding around the edges of the room. Go around the room and strip the baseboards, foot moulding, and any other low-lying trim components using a pry bar. Slide the curved end of the pry bar behind the rear face of the moulding, then pull it gently until it comes away from the wall. Once you've loosened it enough to grab, wrench it free by hand 1 section at a time. Handle the pry bar carefully to avoid damaging the wall. Use the claw end of a hammer to coax out any stubborn finishing nails you happen to come across. Pull up the existing laminate. Starting in a corner of the room, loosen the old flooring with a pry bar. Pull the interlocking planks apart sharply to separate them. You may need to use the backside of a hammer to remove any pieces that have been nailed down, such as threshold strips. Keep a couple oversized garbage bags nearby while. That way, you'll have a place to put the stripped laminate as you work so you can dispose of it easily when you're finished. Make sure the subfloor is level. Use an electric sander to smooth out imperfections in the wood and remove any traces of paint, adhesive, or oil. Concrete subfloors may need to be patched or brought to level with a leveling compound. Use a level to check the level of the subfloor before and after prepping it. It's critical to start with a perfectly level surface in order to get the laminate planks to lay correctly. Clean the subfloor. When you're finished leveling, vacuum the entire subfloor to suction up dust and debris left over from the removal process. Especially dirty floors may need to be wiped down with a cloth dampened with warm water and a small amount of cleaning solution. Sweep up larger pieces of debris and dispose of them separately. Be sure to check for potential obstructions, like splintered wood chips and loose nails. Avoid oversaturating wooden subfloors. If you get them too wet, you'll have to wait for them to dry completely before you can begin installing the laminate. Install a protective moisture barrier if needed. Unroll the moisture barrier sheet across the length of the room—you'll most likely need to use multiple rolls to cover the whole subfloor. Run a utility knife along the edges of the barrier at the joint where the floor meets the walls to make sure it lays flat. Most new laminate flooring features a built-in foam underlayment to block out harmful moisture. If the planks you've purchased don't have this layer, you'll need to put down a separate barrier. If you live in an area with high humidity, a moisture barrier can help protect your new laminate flooring and subfloor from rotting, warping, or mildewing. A moisture barrier is a must when installing laminate over concrete subfloors, since they can't absorb and disperse moisture. Lay out the first row of planks against the far wall. Set the laminate planks end-to-end. Start the row a few feet away from the wall for now to give yourself more room to work comfortably, then slide them flush once you get them all lined up. Orient the planks so that they're parallel with the room's longest wall. Set spacers between the planks and the wall. Most manufacturers recommend leaving about ⁄ 8 inch (0.95 cm) between the flooring and either end of the room to allow the laminate to expand a little. Some foam or plastic spacers will help with this. Center the spacers along the wall where the row will come to an end, then slide the planks until they rest right up against them. You'll be able to find spacers in the same aisle as the flooring materials at your local home improvement center. Thin pieces of ⁄ 8 inch (0.95 cm)- ⁄ 4 inch (0.64 cm) plywood can also be employed as makeshift spacers. Trim the last plank in the first row to fit. When there's not enough room for a full-sized plank at the end of the first row, measure the gap between the last plank you laid down and the wall and mark the plank you're holding to the corresponding length. Cut the plank along this line using a power saw. Once it's been modified, it should fit perfectly. While a table saw, circular saw, or miter saw will make the cleanest cuts and help reduce splintering, a standard handsaw will also get the job done. Be sure to subtract ⁄ 8 inch (0.95 cm) from the floor measurement you take to account for expansion. Stagger the seams in the second row of planks. With the first row of flooring in place, you can begin laying out the second row. This time, adjust the positioning of the planks so that the seams created where the ends meet offset those in the first row by 6–12 inches (15–30 cm). You can return to the original configuration for the following row, or situate the seams randomly for a more asymmetrical appearance. Staggering the seams in the flooring ensures that it's equally sturdy at every point. It also makes for a more attractive overall appearance. Snap the planks together. Feed the tongue (the side with the protruding edge) of each plank in the second row into the groove in the reverse side of those in the first row. Press the planks together firmly until they interlock. They'll essentially fit together like puzzle pieces. If you're having trouble fitting one plank into another, try angling it in from a few inches above the floor. The tongue-edge and groove-edge of all the planks should be facing the same direction. Continue assembling the planks until you’ve covered the entire subfloor. Proceed 1 row after the other, remembering to alternate the placement of the seams between rows. Check your work as you go. There should be no gaps between the planks. It may be necessary to rip the final row of planks (cut them lengthwise) to get them to properly fit the remaining space. Apply pressure to the flooring. After every 2-3 rows, set a piece of heavy furniture or a stack of boxes or similar objects on top of the new laminate. The added weight will flatten out the planks and help them settle into place. It will also prevent them from shifting or coming dislodged while you finish up the rest of the floor. Allow the weighted objects to remain in place until you begin installing the next few rows. You also have the option pushing a weighted roller over the entire floor when you've finished installing it. Place transition strips at doorways and other openings. Measure each doorway, threshold, closet, or nook in the room where the laminate will meet another type of flooring. Trim the included transition strips to the appropriate length, then tap them down until they're seated snugly. Don't subtract the ⁄ 8 inch (0.95 cm) expansion gap allowance for the transition strips. They need to be left slightly longer in order to sit flush. Install quarter-round moulding around the edges of the room. Pick out a set of wood moulding that matches the look of your new flooring. Alternatively, you can reattach the same baseboards and trim you were using before. Fasten the moulding with finishing nails, then stand back and admire your handiwork! Measure and cut new moulding to the room specifications you took previously. Don't forget to remove the spacers from around the edges of the room before putting the moulding back on.	Find the area of the room before buying laminate. Allow the new flooring materials to acclimate to their surroundings. Remove the moulding around the edges of the room. Pull up the existing laminate. Make sure the subfloor is level. Clean the subfloor. Install a protective moisture barrier if needed. Lay out the first row of planks against the far wall. Set spacers between the planks and the wall. Trim the last plank in the first row to fit. Stagger the seams in the second row of planks. Snap the planks together. Continue assembling the planks until you’ve covered the entire subfloor. Apply pressure to the flooring. Place transition strips at doorways and other openings. Install quarter-round moulding around the edges of the room.
https://www.wikihow.com/Whiten-Skin-With-Fruits	How to Whiten Skin With Fruits	There are a couple of fruits you can use to make your skin look lighter. Citrus fruits like oranges and lemons can be diluted with water and applied directly to your skin. You could also combine them with honey to make a mask that you can leave on your skin for 10-15 minutes to whiten and moisturize it. Or, mix papaya seed extract, Asian pears, pomegranate, figs, or pineapple with honey to make a mask as well. Be sure not to go outside while you have the mask on so the UV radiation doesn't bleach or damage your skin. Rinse off the mask with cool water to leave your skin rejuvenated and lighter.	Drink citrus juice. Drinking a citrus juice like orange juice may help to inhibit UV induced pigmentation. Use citrus to make a mask. Citrus fruits contain vitamin C, which promotes collagen production (necessary for the creation of new skin cells), is a powerful antioxidant and has been shown to inhibit skin darkening due to UV exposure. Lemons tend to work best, but any citrus fruit will work, including oranges, limes, and grapefruit. You can obtain similar results from papaya. Squeeze the juice from the fruit and dilute with water. You can apply the diluted juice directly to your face, or combine with honey to make a mask. Honey both thickens the juice to make a mask possible and has its own health benefits: it is an antimicrobial, moisturizes the skin and prevents wrinkles. Consider using the entire fruit. The peel and fleshy parts of citrus fruit contain compounds that help to whiten the skin. For even better results, consider adding them in one of two ways: Dry the peel, grind it up, and add it to your mask. Consider mixing with yoghurt to produce a soothing mask. Chop the entire fruit into pieces and process it, skin and all, in a fruit processor. Use the resulting paste as the base for your mask. Use the seeds and skin if using papaya. While the flesh of the fruit is beneficial, the peels and seeds are the most potent part of papaya. Consider processing the papaya fruit along with the skin to produce a mask. For even better results, mix with lemon juice. You can purchase papaya seed extract and use it with honey to make a mask, or combine it with the processed fruit. Make your own papaya seed extract by crushing papaya seeds and placing them in water for two weeks. Shake daily. Filter and use the water in your mask. Do not go outside while wearing the mask. The juice in citrus fruits can react with UV light to cause photodermatitis, a painful condition resulting in a rash, blisters or scaly skin. Leave the mask on for 15 to 20 minutes. Wash it off with lukewarm water. Use Asian pears in your mask. Blend the peel and fruit together along with honey as a binding agent to produce a mask. Pears contain arbutin – a naturally occurring form of hydroquinone, which has been proven to be an effective tyrosinase inhibitor. Tyrosinase is an enzyme that helps to produce melanin, the pigment that darkens skin, so inhibiting will produce a skin-whitening effect. Be sure to include the peel, which contains much higher concentrations of arbutin than the fruit. Asian pears (pyrus pyrifoli) contain much more arbutin than American or European varieties. The best varieties to use are Yaquang, Hongpi, Quingpi, or Guifei. Be aware that arbutin has been reported to cause skin irritation for some people. If you develop skin irritation, stop using pear-based masks. Make a mask with pomegranate fruit. Blend half a pomegranate, 2 teaspoons of almond oil, and ½ a tablespoon of honey to make a pomegranate mask. Pomegranate fruit contains punicalagins – compounds that have been shown to directly inhibit melanin production. Use pineapple to make a mask. Blend four slice of pineapple in a food processor along with a half a tablespoon of honey. Pineapple fruit contains compounds that act as tyrosinase inhibitors, thereby whitening skin. Make a facial mask using figs. Compounds in fig fruit have been shown to decrease melanin and moisturize skin. Mash the fruit and apply in a mask. Make Indian gooseberry oil and apply it with moisturizer or as a mask. Gooseberry fruit extract contains powerful antioxidants that help to repair damaged skin, as well as phenols that inhibit tyrosinase activity to lighten skin. You can purchase gooseberry oil or make your own. To make your own, grate the gooseberries and squeeze out the juice from the gratings. Add coconut oil to the juice in a 1 part juice to 2 part coconut oil ratio. Simmer for 10 to 15 minutes. Skim off and store the resulting oil. Add the oil to honey and yoghurt to create a mask, or add it to another fruit mask. Alternately, you can dilute the oil with moisturizer and apply that once a day. Be very cautious using homemade extracts, as you will not be sure of the exact strength, and too much can cause an allergic reaction. Use bearberry fruits or extract. Bearberry bushes are a common ground cover that you can grow yourself on exposed, acidic soil. The fruits, and even more so the leaves, contain arbutin, which has been shown to whiten skin. You can mash up the fruit and apply it in a mask with honey, purchase bearberry extract or make your own. To make your own extract, chop up some bearberry leaves and fruit. Place them in a large jar and cover with vodka or diluted ethanol (about 40% abv). Seal the jar and place it in a dark place at room temperature. Shake the bottle once a day for two weeks. At the end of that time, place a cheesecloth over the bottle and pour the extract into another container. Dilute the extract with moisturizer and apply it to your face twice daily. Be very cautious using homemade extracts, as you will not be sure of the exact strength, and too much can cause an allergic reaction. Consume grape seed extract. Grape seeds contain proanthocyanidin, a powerful antioxidant that has been shown to inhibit tyrosinase production and whiten skin. Proanthocyanidin also has a range of other health benefits, including reducing the risk of diabetes and heart disease. You can purchase grape seed extract in pill form or make your own from red grapes. You can also get proanthocyanidin by drinking red wine or eating red grapes with seeds.	Drink citrus juice. Use citrus to make a mask. Squeeze the juice from the fruit and dilute with water. Consider using the entire fruit. Use the seeds and skin if using papaya. Do not go outside while wearing the mask. Leave the mask on for 15 to 20 minutes. Use Asian pears in your mask. Make a mask with pomegranate fruit. Use pineapple to make a mask. Make a facial mask using figs. Make Indian gooseberry oil and apply it with moisturizer or as a mask. Use bearberry fruits or extract. Consume grape seed extract.
https://www.wikihow.com/Become-an-Aerospace-Engineer	How to Become an Aerospace Engineer	If you want to become an aerospace engineer, try to take challenging math and science classes in high school to lay a good foundation for later coursework. You can also spend time developing your analytical skills by playing chess or other strategy games or doing crossword puzzles. When you're a high school senior, apply to colleges and universities where you can get a Bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering. Then consider earning a Master's or Doctoral degree to give yourself the best chance of getting a good job in the field.	Develop sound math and science skills in high school. Aerospace engineering requires advanced science and math skills. Take classes in chemistry, physics, algebra, calculus, and trigonometry in high school to get a head-start on developing the skills you'll need. Put your best effort into these classes so you can earn high marks. A high GPA will help you get into a good aerospace engineering program in college. Participate in related extracurricular activities, such as joining an astronomy or computer programming club or participating in a science or engineering competition. Strengthen your analytical skills. It's important to have critical thinking and analytical skills for a career in aerospace engineering. You'll need to solve complex problems using either concrete or intuitive methods. Playing mental games like crossword puzzles, chess, and other strategy games will help you develop these skills. Get a Bachelor’s degree in aerospace engineering. Apply to several colleges and universities with aerospace engineering programs to give yourself options when acceptance letters arrive. Make sure each university you apply to is ABET-accredited (ABET is the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology), as most employers will not recognize degrees from universities that are not. Take classes in writing and business. An aerospace engineer will also need strong writing skills in order to document their work and write papers that clearly describe their designs. You'll also need knowledge of business practices and commercial law, so you should take both writing and business classes in college. Earn a graduate degree. If you're truly dedicated to becoming an aerospace engineer, you should earn a Master's or Doctorate degree in the field. Though this will add between two and four years to your studies, it is worth it to begin your career with the best education possible. You'll need to take the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) before applying to grad school. While in grad school, it's important that you complete and do well in all the required coursework. Earning a graduate degree requires you to research and complete an original thesis. Complete a summer co-op or internship. Some universities and colleges offer cooperative programs or internships for students. These programs pair you with experienced members in the aerospace engineering industry to allow you to gain practical experience and exposure to the professional environment while completing your degree. Completing a co-op or internship will also provide you the opportunity to network and acquire professional references. Apply for an apprenticeship. Doing an apprenticeship will provide you with valuable experience as an aerospace engineer. Not only will you learn the basic requirements of the job, but you'll also be able to pick up tips and tricks from someone who knows all the ins and outs of aerospace engineering. Several of the NASA field centers offer apprenticeship programs, lasting from 10 weeks to five years. For NASA apprenticeships, you must be in the process of obtaining, or already have, a degree in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics. You'll need a GPA of 3.0 or higher and you must be a U.S. citizen or a legal permanent resident. You can apply online on the NASA website. Work as an aerospace engineer technician. You may find that it's easier to become a technician in the field of aerospace engineering. Consider taking a position as a technician to gain valuable experience and make connections in the industry. You may even be able to work as a technician part time while you're finishing your studies, as less education is required for this position. Join professional societies and organizations. There are several societies and organizations you can join, such as the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SAE International, and the Sigma Gamma Tau: National Aerospace Engineering Honor Society. You'll be able to attend industry events, receive trade publications, and even visit a career center specifically targeted toward engineers. The AIAA only charges a $25 membership fee for students, while the SAE membership ranges from $95-$285, depending on the benefits. The Sigma Gamma Tau: National Aerospace Engineering Honor Society doesn't charge a membership fee, although you must have completed three semesters of work toward a Bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering. Find a mentor in the industry. A great way to gain experience and make connections is to find a mentor in the industry of aerospace engineering. If you have a good relationship with one of your professors or supervisors of your internship, co-op, or apprenticeship, talk to them about becoming your mentor. The AIAA as well as the Architecture, Construction, and Engineering (ACE) Mentor Program of America can also help pair you up with a mentor in the industry. Send an email to or speak with the person you'd like to become your mentor. Say something like, “I really admire your dedication to and knowledge of aerospace engineering. I'm looking for a mentor in the industry to help me learn the ropes and make connections. Would you be interested in, and have the time to, be my mentor?” Apply with manufacturing companies. While working for a manufacturing company, you will provide technical expertise as well as troubleshoot projects during all stages of a project, from development from implementation. The ASRC Aerospace Corporation, Boeing Co., SpaceX, and the United Space Alliance are a few examples of manufacturing companies you could contact. Apply with engineering services firms. There are many engineering service firms that require aerospace engineers to use statistical tools to perform modeling and prediction as well as develop standards and guidelines. Contact companies like Ball Aerospace, Lockheed Martin, and Woodward, Inc. to find jobs in your area. Apply with federal agencies. Federal agencies, including the military as well as NASA, need qualified aerospace engineers to develop and test propulsion units for spacecraft, aircraft, and missiles. To find and apply for jobs from these agencies, visit the NASA careers website (nasajobs.nasa.gov) as well as government websites (such as usajobs.gov). Get licensed. If you get a Professional Engineer's (PE) license, you'll be qualified for higher levels of leadership in the aerospace engineering field. To get your PE license, you'll need an ABET-accredited degree as well as four years of work experience. You'll also need to pass both the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam and the Professional Engineering (PE) exam.	Develop sound math and science skills in high school. Strengthen your analytical skills. Get a Bachelor’s degree in aerospace engineering. Take classes in writing and business. Earn a graduate degree. Complete a summer co-op or internship. Apply for an apprenticeship. Work as an aerospace engineer technician. Join professional societies and organizations. Find a mentor in the industry. Apply with manufacturing companies. Apply with engineering services firms. Apply with federal agencies. Get licensed.
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Butter-Slime-Without-Clay	How to Make Butter Slime Without Clay	To make butter slime even if you don't have clay, start by mixing equal parts cornstarch and shampoo in a bowl. Next, add a few drops of yellow food coloring to make it look like butter. Once the food coloring is mixed in, add a few drops of baby oil and stir it until it's smooth. Finally, knead the mixture with your hands for a few minutes, or until it becomes soft and less sticky.	Mix together equal amounts of cornstarch and shampoo. Place 3/4 cups (95 g) of cornstarch and 3/4 cups (180 mL) of shampoo into a bowl, then stir everything together with a rubber spatula. The mixture will be dry and crumbly at first, but as you continue to mix it, it will start to form a thick paste. If you can't find cornstarch, look for cornflour instead. For best results, use an opaque shampoo rather than a clear one. Add 2 to 3 drops of yellow food coloring, if desired. You don't have to do this, but it will really help your slime come together. Keep stirring the slime until the food coloring gets mixed in completely and no streaks remain. If you don't care about your slime looking like butter, use a different color, such as blue or purple. Stir some baby oil into the slime to make it soft. Add a splash of baby oil into the slime, then stir it in with your rubber spatula. If you used too much baby oil and the slime starts to get sticky, sprinkle some cornstarch onto it, and stir again. If you can't find baby oil, you could try some hand lotion instead. Knead the slime for a few minutes, adding more cornstarch as needed. Pick the slime up with your hands. Stretch it out, then smoosh it back together again. Do this for a few minutes until the slime turns soft and less sticky. If you need to, knead some more cornstarch into the slime to make it less sticky. Store the slime in an airtight container when you are not playing with it. Keep in mind that this slime will not last forever. Enjoy it while it is still soft—typically 2 to 3 days—then discard it when it turns hard. Combine equal amounts of cornstarch and shampoo. Pour 1 cup (125 g) of cornstarch and 1 cup (240 mL) of shampoo into a bowl. Stir the 2 together with a rubber spatula until they combine and form a dough. If you can't find cornstarch, used cornflour instead; it's the same thing. Use an opaque shampoo rather than a clear one for best results. This slime recipe is similar to the more traditional, simple slime recipe, except that it feels more firm. Stir in 4 ounces (120 mL) of glue and 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of lotion. Empty a 4-ounch (120-mL) bottle of white school glue into the bowl. Add 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of hand lotion, then stir everything together. Use only white school glue. Do not use clear school glue. The ingredients are not the same and the slime won't turn out right. Choose an unscented lotion, or use a scent that works with the shampoo. Add 2 to 3 drops of food coloring, and stir once more. Yellow is the most popular choice for butter slime, but you can use any color you want. You can even leave the food coloring out if you want white butter slime. Avoid using too much food coloring, or the dye will come off on your hands when you play with the slime. Add liquid detergent a little bit at a time until the slime clumps together. Pour some liquid laundry detergent into the bowl, and give it a stir. Keep stirring until the slime clumps together and leaves the sides of the bowl. If the slime isn't coming together, add another splash of liquid laundry detergent and stir again. You can also try using a liquid laundry starch instead. If you added too much detergent and the slime turned too sticky, knead some cornstarch into it. Take the slime out and knead it for a few minutes. Pull the slime out of the bowl. Pull it apart then squish it back together again. Keep doing this for a few minutes, or until the slime turns soft and is no longer sticky. If the slime is still too sticky, sprinkle more cornstarch on top of it, and knead it again. Knead some glitter into the slime, if desired. If you don't care about your slime looking like butter, you can add some glitter into the slime. Add a sprinkle of glitter on top of the slime, then knead the slime until the glitter is mixed in. Extra-fine scrapbooking glitter will look the nicest, but you can use the regular chunky kind too. If you don't want to use glitter, try shaped, metallic confetti or plastic rhinestone gems. Keep the slime in an airtight container when you are not using it. Enjoy the slime while it is still soft and squishy. After 2 to 3 days, it will start to dry out and harden. Once that happens, you should throw the slime away. Pour some white school glue into a bowl. How much you use does not really matter. You can use an entire 4-ounce (120-mL) bottle, or you can use half. Do not use clear school glue, however. This slime recipe is still buttery, but it also has a slight jiggle to it. Add twice as much shaving cream into the bowl. Again, the amount does not have to be precise. Eyeball how much glue you have in the bowl, then squirt out about twice as much shaving cream. Make sure that you are using shaving cream and not shaving gel. For best results, use men's shaving cream. Women's shaving cream is often tinted, which may change the color of your slime. Mix the 2 ingredients together with a rubber spatula. Scrape the bottom and sides of the bowl often to ensure that everything gets mixed together. If you are using tinted women's shaving cream, make sure that the color is consistent, with no swirls of white. Stir in 2 to 3 drops of food coloring, if desired. Yellow food coloring will make your slime look like butter, but you can use any color you want, including green and blue. Once you have added the food coloring, stir your slime again until the color is even. Add a splash of contact lens solution and stir the slime again. This is where the magic happens! Add about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of contact lens solution into the bowl, then stir everything together with a rubber spatula. This will bring the ingredients together and form a slime. For best results, use a contact solution that contains "boric acid." This will help bind the ingredients together. Put the slime in an airtight container when you are done playing with it. Nothing lasts forever, and this slime is no exception. After 1 to 2 days, it will start to turn hard and crumbly. At that point, you should throw it away.	Mix together equal amounts of cornstarch and shampoo. Add 2 to 3 drops of yellow food coloring, if desired. Stir some baby oil into the slime to make it soft. Knead the slime for a few minutes, adding more cornstarch as needed. Store the slime in an airtight container when you are not playing with it. Combine equal amounts of cornstarch and shampoo. Stir in 4 ounces (120 mL) of glue and 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of lotion. Add 2 to 3 drops of food coloring, and stir once more. Add liquid detergent a little bit at a time until the slime clumps together. Take the slime out and knead it for a few minutes. Knead some glitter into the slime, if desired. Keep the slime in an airtight container when you are not using it. Pour some white school glue into a bowl. Add twice as much shaving cream into the bowl. Mix the 2 ingredients together with a rubber spatula. Stir in 2 to 3 drops of food coloring, if desired. Add a splash of contact lens solution and stir the slime again. Put the slime in an airtight container when you are done playing with it.
https://www.wikihow.pet/Care-for-a-Tonkinese-Cat	How to Care for a Tonkinese Cat	To care for your Tonkinese cat, give it quality cat food that has meat as one of its top two ingredients because it needs the amino acids only found in meat protein to stay healthy. You should feed it small meals frequently throughout the day so it stays full and feels satisfied. Since Tonkinese cats like being active, make sure to play with it using lots of interactive toys like feather wand toys. They also love exploring and climbing, so consider getting your cat a cat tower or setting up a ramp next to a window.	Get your cat vaccinated. Check with the breeder to see if your Tonkinese has gotten her first distemper vaccine at six weeks of age. Ask for proof that she's gotten this important vaccine, along with a dewormer at her first veterinarian examination. Don't bring your cat home until she's gotten them. Make sure to schedule the following tests and vaccines for your cat: Feline leukemia test: Talk with your vet to determine if you should vaccinate your Tonkinese against feline leukemia. Your cat should be tested for the disease before exposing her to other cats in your home. You can also have her tested when she gets her first distemper booster. Distemper boosters: Your cat needs these at 9 weeks and 12 weeks of age. She'll need them annually after these early boosters. Rabies vaccination: Your Tonkinese should get this at 12 weeks of age and then you'll need to follow your city or county requirements and vaccine manufacturer's recommendation. Usually, an every other year vaccination is advised. Dewormer: Give a dewormer every 3 to 4 weeks, starting when your Tonkinese is 8 or 9 weeks old. Do this a minimum of two times. Consider spaying or neutering your cat. Decide if you'd like to breed your cat. If not, get your Tonkinese spayed (if she's female) or neutered (if he's male) to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Make sure to have the surgery done before your Tonkinese is six months old. This will reduce the likelihood that your Tonkinese will breed before having the surgery. Spaying or neutering your cat can also cut down on undesirable behaviors such as spraying urine or annoying heat induced behaviors, can reduce her cancer risk, and can reduce the likelihood that she'll roam. Take your Tonkinese for regular veterinary exams. While it may seem like your Tonkinese is constantly at the vet's if she's a kitten, you need to continue providing regular veterinary care as she grows. Your cat should see the vet once a year for an exam and vaccination boosters. Do this until she becomes a senior cat around 10 years of age. Once your Tonkinese is around 10 years old she should see the veterinarian twice a year. This will help catch any age-related diseases. Get your cat used to teeth brushing. Use a cat toothbrush and toothpaste to brush your cat's teeth every day. Get your cat used to teeth brushing by initially placing a small amount of toothpaste on your fingertip to let your cat taste it. Do this again the next day, but also rub your finger along her gums. The following day, put toothpaste on the brush and gently rub it along his gums. Over the next few days, slowly work the bristles along her teeth in small circles, working up to the entire mouth. Avoid using human toothpaste because the fluoride it contains is toxic to cats. Brushing your cat's teeth daily will reduce plaque and bacteria buildup. Once your cat is comfortable with the process, it should only take a minute. Get your cat's teeth professionally examined. While your veterinarian check your cat's teeth at her annual exam, you should also take her if you notice any loose or missing teeth; if she has growths or sores in her mouth; or if her gums are red or inflamed. Daily brushing is important, but it won't remove the deeper buildup of plaque and bacterial buildup under the gums. Take your Tonkinese to the veterinarian once a year for a professional teeth cleaning. Know when to take your cat to the veterinarian. If your cat is acting ill, contact your veterinarian for advice. Cats are good at hiding illnesses, so if you see her acting ill, she may have been sick for a while. Symptoms of illness include: Change in diet (not eating or drinking) Vomiting excessively Diarrhea Problems urinating (either excessive or unable) Weakness or lethargy Purchase a quality cat food. Read the labels on cat foods and look for one that lists meat as one of the top two ingredients. Tonkinese cats need meat to get certain amino acids found only in meat protein. If they do not get these essential amino acids, they can become ill. They can suffer from serious eye and heart problems if these amino acids are lacking in the diet. Manufactured cat food contains the essential nutrients your cat needs, but you still need to look for a quality product that doesn't contain more fillers than meat. Serve your cat small, frequent meals. Proper feeding is an important way to keep your Tonkinese healthy. Talk with your veterinarian or look on the food package to determine how much food to give according to your cat's age, weight, and activity level. Split this amount into two or three servings a day. Cats prefer to eat frequent, small meals throughout the day. Spreading out the food during the day will keep your Tonkinese feeling full and satisfied. You may want to purchase a timed feeder that dispenses food throughout the day. Check your cat's skin when you groom. Use a rubber brush or regular soft bristled cat brush to briskly brush over your Tonkinese. Since Tonkinese have a shorter coat, they don't need much grooming. Take grooming as a chance to check your cat for fleas, cysts, lumps or bumps on the skin. If fleas you find fleas, treat your cat immediately to control the problems. Pay attention to any lumps or bumps, especially their size, shape and color. If they doesn't resolve or grow within a week, contact your veterinarian. Trim your cat's nails. Trim your Tonkinese's claws when they get long and sharp. Place your cat on your lap and use the forearm on your dominant arm to gently restrain her upper body. Once she's restrained, use your other hand to pick up a paw and gently press on it. This will expose her claws and you can use your dominant hand to trim the the white tips off. Just be sure to avoid trimming the pink part of the nail. This area contains the blood and nerve supply. Cutting this part would cause your Tonkinese pain. You can use scissor-type clippers, a guillotine-type of clipper, or human nail clippers. Choose a litter box setup. Place your cat's litter box in quiet part of the house that is out of the way. Tonkinese cats are generally easy to litter box train, as long as they have a clean litter box with fresh litter. Choose clay, clumping, silica-based, or plant based litter (like pine or wheat). Once you find a litter that your cat likes, keep using that kind or your cat may decide to relieve herself somewhere else. Studies show that cats prefer fine-grained, unscented litter. Clean your cat's litter box daily by scooping out the soiled litter and replacing it with fresh litter. Give your Tonkinese a scratching post. A scratching post gives your playful cat a chance to scratch, climb, and explore. Teach your cat to use the scratching post instead of scratching other things. When you notice your Tonkinese scratching something like the furniture, pick her up and place her near the scratching post. She'll soon associate scratching with the post. You can also spray cat deterrent spray on items you don't want damaged by his scratching. Scratching is a normal, healthy activity for cats to help them remove the dead outer part of the claws. It also lets your cat mark her territory. Play with your Tonkinese. Since Tonkinese cats are active, you'll need to offer plenty of toys to keep her stimulated. Be sure to include interactive toys so that you can play with her. Consider using laser pointers and feather wand toys in your play sessions. Tonkinese love to play fetch. Toss her wadded up pieces of paper or small soft balls. Don't forget that your Tonkinese cat also enjoys cuddling you. Let her spend time sitting in your lap or just relaxing with you. Set up high places. Tonkinese cats love to explore and climb. Give your cat the opportunity to climb and scramble. You may purchase a cat tower or set up a ramp so she can climb up and look out windows. Your Tonkinese may become troublesome if she gets bored. Prevent this by creating an interesting environment for her to discover.	Get your cat vaccinated. Consider spaying or neutering your cat. Take your Tonkinese for regular veterinary exams. Get your cat used to teeth brushing. Get your cat's teeth professionally examined. Know when to take your cat to the veterinarian. Purchase a quality cat food. Serve your cat small, frequent meals. Check your cat's skin when you groom. Trim your cat's nails. Choose a litter box setup. Give your Tonkinese a scratching post. Play with your Tonkinese. Set up high places.
https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Glue-Off-Glass	How to Get Glue Off Glass	If there's stubborn glue on your glass, you have a few easy options for getting it off. Try pouring rubbing alcohol or nail polish remover on a cloth and scrubbing the glue off with it. Another option is to carefully scrape the glue off with a razor blade, knife, or screwdriver. Just scrape away from your body so you don't cut yourself if the blade slips. One other option is to heat the glue up with a blow dryer. Then, use a cloth to rub off the softened adhesive. If all else fails, use a commercial-strength cleaner like Windex or Goo-Gone.	Clean the glass surface with soap and water. Spray the glass with a household cleaner and wipe thoroughly with a dry towel to remove what you can without cleaning agents. Make sure to let the glass completely dry before attempting to remove the glue. Rub the glue using a towel moistened with a household alcohol. Rubbing alcohol or nail polish remover is, most often, the best choice for removing sticky substances from glass. Pour a small amount of the liquid onto a paper or cloth towel. In a circular motion, rub the dried glue with the paper towel to soften the substance. Once softened, use the same towel to wipe the glue and any extra residue away. Coat the residue with a strong cleaner to break down tougher glues. If the glue on the glass is a stronger type, you may have to use a cleaner specifically made to break down sticky or oily substances. The cleaning section at a nearby market or automotive shop should have these items in stock. These could be window or glass cleaners like Windex, or automotive cleaners like Goo-Gone or Goo Off. Wet a towel with the solvent, place it on the glue, and leave the towel there for a few moments to let the cleaner begin to break down the adhesive. Take the towel off and wipe away any remaining glue with a clean towel. Commercial-strength cleaners contain chemicals in order to break down residues. In order to use them safely, make sure to use the products in a well-ventilated area with the proper protective gear to cover skin and eyes. Soften the glue using heat or other agents. If previous methods do not work at first, try further softening the glue with other means before trying to wipe it away again. This can be done most effectively by heating the glue up by pouring hot water onto it or blowing it with a hair dryer, or by soaking the glue with other chemical softeners like vinegar, cooking oil, or lighter fluid. If this works to soften the residue, then wipe it away using a clean towel. Scrape the glue away with a scraper after softening with a solvent. Chip away at the glue using a sturdy, sharp metal scraper. Make sure to scrape away from your face and body so that if the scraper slips, you do not cut yourself. Do not use a very thin or fragile blade. Scraping with a blade like this requires you to apply much more force than you would use with a thicker, sturdier blade, and this could cause you to scratch or break the glass. Chip away at stubborn leftover glue bits with a smaller scraping tool. This can be a small razor blade, the head of a screwdriver, or a knife. Scrape the glue off using smooth, pushing motions. Remember to scrape away from your face and body. Wipe away any remaining residue or solvent with a towel. If there is still some leftover glue, gently rubbing the surface with dampened steel wool or a moist towel can get rid of the remaining bits. Otherwise, wipe off the glass with a dry, clean towel.	Clean the glass surface with soap and water. Rub the glue using a towel moistened with a household alcohol. Coat the residue with a strong cleaner to break down tougher glues. Soften the glue using heat or other agents. Scrape the glue away with a scraper after softening with a solvent. Chip away at stubborn leftover glue bits with a smaller scraping tool. Wipe away any remaining residue or solvent with a towel.
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Halwa-Puri	How to Make Halwa Puri	Halwa puri is a traditional breakfast dish from South Asia, which you can make at home. Start with the small flatbreads called puri by making a dough from flour, salt, yogurt, ghee, and a dash of water. Store the dough in a warm place for 2 to 3 hours, then roll it into small pancakes and deep fry them until they're golden. To make the Halwa, mix semolina, oil, cardamom, cloves, a little sugar, and water. Stir the mixture well, cover the pot, and cook it until the water evaporates. In another pan, make chanay by mixing ginger-garlic paste, cumin seeds, water, onion, tomatoes, chickpeas, tamarind, and sugar, and simmer it for about 6 minutes. Serve the halwa, chanay, and puri in separate dishes.	Heat oil for 2-3 minutes in a wok, then add cardamom and cloves. Add semolina and stir until fragrant. In another pan, stir sugar with water and add food color. Bring to a boil and add this syrup to the semolina. Under low heat, stir well, cover the wok, and cook until the water evaporates. Add kewra essence, then sprinkle sultanas and almonds in. Done! Heat oil for 2-3 minutes in a pot, then sauté ginger-garlic paste. Add cumin seeds and remaining dry spices in the pot. Sprinkle water in and stir well for a few minutes. Add onion and tomatoes and stir until tomatoes are tender. Add chickpeas, stir once, then add 2 cups of water, tamarind, and sugar. Simmer on low heat for 5-7 minutes. Mix salt and black pepper, then remove pot from the stove. Serve! Sift flour, then salt, yogurt, and 4 tablespoons ghee. Knead into a soft dough using some water. Wrap the dough in a damp muslin cloth and store in a warm place for 2-3 hours. Make 10-12 portions of the dough and roll it out. Heat ghee in a frying pan and fry puris until they're golden. Finished!	Heat oil for 2-3 minutes in a wok, then add cardamom and cloves. Add semolina and stir until fragrant. In another pan, stir sugar with water and add food color. Bring to a boil and add this syrup to the semolina. Under low heat, stir well, cover the wok, and cook until the water evaporates. Add kewra essence, then sprinkle sultanas and almonds in. Heat oil for 2-3 minutes in a pot, then sauté ginger-garlic paste. Add cumin seeds and remaining dry spices in the pot. Sprinkle water in and stir well for a few minutes. Add onion and tomatoes and stir until tomatoes are tender. Add chickpeas, stir once, then add 2 cups of water, tamarind, and sugar. Simmer on low heat for 5-7 minutes. Mix salt and black pepper, then remove pot from the stove. Serve! Sift flour, then salt, yogurt, and 4 tablespoons ghee. Knead into a soft dough using some water. Wrap the dough in a damp muslin cloth and store in a warm place for 2-3 hours. Make 10-12 portions of the dough and roll it out. Heat ghee in a frying pan and fry puris until they're golden. Finished!
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Applesauce	How to Make Applesauce	To make applesauce, start by peeling, chopping, and coring 3 pounds of apples. Then, peel 2 strips of lemon zest with a vegetable peeler and put everything into a large pot with some cinnamon, lemon juice, white sugar, salt, and water. Next, bring the mixture to a boil before reducing the heat to a simmer for 15-20 minutes. Finally, once it's done simmering, remove the lemon peels from the pot and mash everything together with a potato masher. For a smoother applesauce, puree the mixture in a blender.	Peel the apples with a vegetable peeler. Work your way down from the top of the apple towards the bottom, going around the circular shape. Remove a thin layer of peel. Alternatively, use a paring knife to remove the apple peel. Slice the apples into quarters. Hold each apple upright and steady on a chopping board. Use a paring knife to cut the each apple into halves. Then lay each apple half flat on the board, and slice each piece into half again to create quarters. Core the apples using a paring knife. Rest each apple quarter flat on a wooden chopping board. Slice the corner away to remove the tough core and seeds. Peel 2 strips of lemon zest using a vegetable peeler. Start at the top of the lemon lengthwise, and draw the peeler down towards the bottom. Only peel away at the zest, not at the flesh. Place all of the ingredients into a pot. Put the apple quarters and lemon strips that you just prepared into a large pot. Then add 3 tbsp (44 ml) of lemon juice, ½ tsp (1.15 g) of cinnamon, ½ cup (99 g) of white sugar, and ½ tsp (2.5 g) of salt into the pot, alongside 1 cup (250 ml) of water. Make sure that all of the ingredients can fit into the pot easily, with enough room to boil. Squeeze the lemon that you just peeled to get the lemon juice. Bring the ingredients to a boil. Adjust the stovetop to a high heat. Wait until the liquid begins to bubble. Stir the ingredients occasionally with a wooden spoon as you bring it to a boil. Simmer the ingredients for 15-20 minutes. Reduce the heat of the stovetop, and cover the pot with the lid. Let the ingredients simmer until the apples are tender and fully cooked through. Take the pot off the stovetop once the apples are ready. Continue to stir the ingredients occasionally as they simmer. To check if the apples are cooked, remove a piece from the pot and check that it is soft enough to easily slice. Remove the lemon peels from the pot. Mix the ingredients around to find the lemon peels. Use either a wooden spoon or tongs to take these away from the rest of the ingredients. Mash the ingredients with a potato masher to make chunky applesauce. Beat the ingredients using a potato masher. Continue mashing until there are small chunks of apple left. You don't need to wait for the mixture to cool first before you mash it. Puree the ingredients to make a smooth applesauce. Use either a standing blender or a stick blender. Continue pureeing until there are no chunks of apple left. If you are using a stick blender, you can puree the ingredients directly in the pot. To use a standing blender, puree the ingredients in small batches. Don't fill the blender bowl above the halfway mark, and remove the feeder cap. Cover the feeder cap hole with a kitchen towel as you blend. This is because the ingredients will be hot, so this doesn't let the pressure build up. Alternatively, wait for the mixture to cool first, and then you don't need to blend in batches. Store the applesauce in an airtight container for up to 2 weeks. Let the applesauce cool before placing it into a container. Keep the container in the refrigerator. If you want to freeze the applesauce, place it into a jar with at least 1 in (2.5 cm) high of space above it, as it will expand. The applesauce will keep for up to 1 year in the freezer. You can also freeze the applesauce in ice cube trays to create serving size portions.	Peel the apples with a vegetable peeler. Slice the apples into quarters. Core the apples using a paring knife. Peel 2 strips of lemon zest using a vegetable peeler. Place all of the ingredients into a pot. Bring the ingredients to a boil. Simmer the ingredients for 15-20 minutes. Remove the lemon peels from the pot. Mash the ingredients with a potato masher to make chunky applesauce. Puree the ingredients to make a smooth applesauce. Store the applesauce in an airtight container for up to 2 weeks.
https://www.wikihow.com/Know-if-Your-Dog-Needs-a-Diet-Change	How to Know if Your Dog Needs a Diet Change	To know if your dog needs a diet change, notice if it has been low energy or less enthusiastic about walks and play time, which may mean it's not well. You should also watch out for vomiting, nausea, or diarrhea, since these can mean your dog is having an allergic reaction to its food. Besides behavioral changes, you should watch for physical changes in your dog, like its coat becoming dull and flaky, which may mean it's not getting the right nutrients in its diet. Alternatively, if your dog is gaining weight, it may be a sign it needs a healthier dog food or smaller portion sizes. If you're worried your dog may have any of these issues, take it to the vet so they can diagnose it and provide treatment. =	Notice if your dog appears lethargic or tired. Maybe you notice your dog appears more tired or worn out than usual. They may not be as excited about going for walks or seem less enthusiastic about playing with you than they usually are. You may also notice your dog spends a lot of time sleeping or lying down. These may all be behavioral signs that your dog may be due for a change in diet. If your dog appears very low energy, they may have a medical issue that needs to be addressed. Lethargy is a symptom of many diseases and conditions, including parvovirus, ticks, and hypothyroidism. Take your dog to the vet for an exam immediately if they are not able to perk up. Look for any signs of illness, such as vomiting or nausea. You should also check your dog for any signs of illness, such as vomiting, nausea, or irritability. These may be signs that your dog is having an allergic reaction to their diet or that they may be suffering from other medical issues. If your dog is vomiting, take them to the vet immediately. They will be able to tell you if your dog's diet is causing the problem or if there is another underlying medical issue, such as a viral infection. It can be hard to tell if a dog is nauseous or not. If you notice that the dog is drooling excessively or if they start chewing and licking obsessively, they may be feeling queasy. Pay attention to your dog’s bathroom habits. Notice if your dog is urinating too often or not enough. You should also watch your dog for any difficulties defecating or if they have instances of diarrhea. These could all be signs that your dog is not responding well to their food or is experiencing another medical issue, such as a urinary tract infection or a kidney problem. If your dog does go to the bathroom, you may notice that their feces smell foul or very strong. This could be a sign that your dog has a disease such as pancreatic insufficiency or intestinal parasites like giardia. Take your dog to the vet immediately. Watch for changes in your dog's eating habits. You should also take notice if your dog's interest in or consumption of food have changed. Maybe they do not eat as much of their food as they usually do or you notice your dog is leaving a lot of food left over in their bowl. Perhaps you observe your dog eating less and less of their food over time. You may also notice that your dog seems disinterested in their food when you take it out and put it in their food bowl. Both weight loss and gain can be a sign that you need to change your dog's diet. Your dog may not enjoy the taste of their food, leading them to eat less of it, or they may be gaining too much weight from a high-caloric dog food. Notice if your dog’s demeanor changes as they get older. Dogs seven years and older are often more prone to digestive issues as well as other health issues. If you notice your older dog moves much slower than they used to and appears less energetic, you should take them in for a checkup with your vet. Your senior dog may need a change in diet to ensure they can digest their food properly and get the nutrients they need. Many vets will recommend putting senior dogs on a particular diet to ensure they stay healthy. Your vet may also recommend that you give your senior dog anti-aging nutrients to keep them active and healthy. Some common supplements given to older dogs include essential fatty acids like Omega-3 and Omega-6, glucosamine with chondroitin sulfate, and probiotics. Check your dog’s coat for any dullness or flakiness. Look over your dog's coat and notice if it looks duller than usual. The color of their coat may not be as vibrant or not as bright. You may also notice if your dog's skin is flaking under their coat and if their coat appears less healthy than usual. These are possible signs that your dog's food is not providing the nutrients they need to maintain a shiny, healthy coat. You may try brushing your dog's coat to get a sense of whether it looks duller than usual. You may also feel your dog's coat to see if it feels brittle or dry. Notice if your dog’s abdominal area is swollen or enlarged. You may notice that your dog is developing a rounded middle or an enlarged abdominal area. Look at your dog from behind and see if you notice they are developing a rounder belly. This could be a sign that your dog is overweight due to their diet. If your dog's abdominal area appears swollen or enlarged, this could also be a symptom of a medical issue such as a torsion, Cushing's disease, or cancer. You should bring your dog to the vet right away, especially if your dog appears to be in pain. Look for any signs of rash or skin irritation. You should check if your dog has any irritated patches of skin on their coat or any signs of a rash. These could be symptoms of an allergy or an allergic reaction to the food they are eating as part of their diet. Many dogs will develop allergies to certain ingredients in their food over time. Switching their diet or adding a different food source to their diet can help to reduce their allergic reaction. Keep track of your dog's weight. You should observe your dog's weight and pay attention to any signs that they are losing weight too fast or becoming too skinny. If you notice your dog appears much skinnier than usual, it may be a sign that your dog is due for a diet change. You can determine your dog's ideal weight by considering their breed, their age, and their gender. Often, your dog is at their ideal weight if their rib bones are visible and easy to feel on their body. You can look up your dog's ideal weight by searching their weight range based on their breed. Your vet can also help you determine if your dog is at a healthy weight. Score their body condition. Body condition scoring is a scale from one to nine that provides a rough idea of your dog's physical health. A score of four or five is ideal. Under four, your dog may be malnourished. Over five and your dog may be overweight. To judge the dog's body condition, both examine and feel your dog's ribs, vertebra, pelvic bones, and waist. Under ideal (Score 1-3): the dog's ribs, vertebra, and bones are visible. You may be able to feel their hips protruding. The dog appears starved, and there may be few or no signs of muscle. Ideal (Score 4-5): you can feel the dog's ribs, but you may not be able to see them clearly. The ribs may even be covered by a thin layer of fat. The dog has an apparent waist. Over ideal (Score 6 and over): the dog's waist is not visible. There is a layer of fat covering the ribs, and in extreme cases, you may not be able to feel the ribs. You can feel fat covering the dog's spine, thorax, and the base of the tail. Bring your dog to the vet. If you suspect your dog may be in need of a change to their diet, make an appointment with your vet. Bringing your dog into the vet will ensure you determine exactly what is causing your dog's changes in behavior or physical appearance. Depending on your dog's condition, your vet will do a physical exam and may run tests on your dog to determine the cause of the issue. During the appointment, your vet may ask you about your dog's medical history. They may also ask you about your dog's changes in behavior and demeanor. You may need to answer questions such as, “When did you notice your dog acting lethargic or ill?” or “How long has your dog's coat been dull and flaky?” Discuss adjusting your dog’s diet. Once your vet examines your dog, they may recommend a change in your dog's diet. Speak to your vet about what your dog's new diet needs to contain to ensure they remain healthy. Your vet may recommend a specific type of food, such as high quality dry dog food, or specific nutrients in your dog's new diet. Work with your vet to develop a new diet plan for your dog based on their needs. Your vet should be able to help you select food to add to your dog's diet and suggest foods you can try removing from their diet to see if it addresses your dog's health conditions and nutritional requirements. Put your dog on a new diet plan. Switch your dog over to their new diet plan gradually, as doing it too quickly can lead to digestive issues for your pup. Start with 25% of the new food and 75% of the old food for the first two to three days. Then, move to 50% of the new food and 50% of the old food. Finally, move to 75% new food and 25% old food. Moving over to your dog's new diet gradually will ensure they do not get upset stomach and can digest their new food properly. Your vet may also recommend adjusting the amount of food you feed your dog and how often you feed your dog on a daily basis. You should follow your vet's instructions to ensure your dog remains healthy. You should monitor your dog's physical appearance and general demeanor while they are on their new diet plan. If you notice your dog is not improving, you may need to speak to your vet again about further adjustments to their diet so they remain healthy.	Notice if your dog appears lethargic or tired. Look for any signs of illness, such as vomiting or nausea. Pay attention to your dog’s bathroom habits. Watch for changes in your dog's eating habits. Notice if your dog’s demeanor changes as they get older. Check your dog’s coat for any dullness or flakiness. Notice if your dog’s abdominal area is swollen or enlarged. Look for any signs of rash or skin irritation. Keep track of your dog's weight. Score their body condition. Bring your dog to the vet. Discuss adjusting your dog’s diet. Put your dog on a new diet plan.
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Money-As-a-Wholesaler	How to Make Money As a Wholesaler	To make money as a wholesaler, develop unique campaigns for each product line you sell so you can target a narrow, specific audience. For example, run an ad for a specific product line in a relevant business trade association's newsletter so you can reach potential customers. During this growth phase, it's also important to evaluate your relationship with your suppliers to determine if they are charging too much or failing to quickly fulfill orders. If their inefficiency or high prices are impacting your bottom line, either renegotiate your contract or look for better deals from other suppliers.	Decide what you want to sell. The name of the game for a wholesale dealer is buying large quantities of goods for a relatively low per unit cost, and then selling them on in smaller quantities at a mark-up price. For this to be successful you need to buy things that will retain their value and enable you to sell them on for a profit. Do some thorough market research to see which types of goods are suitable for your business. If you have specialist knowledge in a particular area, then use this to your advantage. If you have experience of working in a particular industry this could be a significant advantage. A large part of what makes a good wholesaler is good salesmanship. If you believe in the products you are selling you are more likely to be a convincing seller. Consider what type of wholesale business you will run. There are a number of different types of wholesale business, so before you get too far down the road you need to be clear about the nature of the business you want to run. The most common type is just known as "General Wholesaler." A company that sells large quantities of goods from one or more suppliers, and sells them on in smaller amounts at higher per unit costs will typically be in this category. Other types of wholesale business include: Speciality wholesalers may have numerous suppliers and buyers, but will specialise in a particular industry or product line. Specific product wholesalers only buy and sell one particular product, for example, shoes. Discount wholesalers supply discounted goods, often because they are refurbished, discontinued or returned. Drop ship wholesalers are businesses which buy and sell goods like any other wholesaler, but without actually handling the goods. Instead, they have it dispatched straight from the supplier to the buyer. Online wholesalers are those businesses which are just based online and don't have a physical store. This can be a cheaper way to run the business, but limits the amount of stock you can handle. Evaluate your finances. Once you have conducted market research and are developing a clearer picture of the type of wholesaler business you would like to develop, you need to appraise your financial situation. The kind of access to capital you have will have a large influence on the sort of business you can establish and maintain. You should be aware that a wholesale business can take two to five years before it begins to turn a substantial profit. If you have limited funds at the start, consider beginning with a small online business and build up your knowledge and experience at the same time as building up some cash reserves. Once you have more available liquidity you can begin to expand your operations. Do not to try to expand beyond your finances. Going into debt to start a business adds additional risk to the business and should be avoided. Draw up a business plan. An essential element in every successful business is a thorough and well-considered business plan. You need to have one of these in place to firm up your strategic plan. You will also need to define the core values of your business and how you intend to operate. The plan should include an analysis of the existing marketplace as well as a full projection of how you want to develop your business. You need to include information on the products you want to buy and sell as well as your strategy for doing so. Include a summary of the finances and how and when you intend to turn a profit. You can look at some examples of wholesaler business plans online to get you started. . Develop your online presence When you have planned out and researched your business and market it's time to develop your trading presence. Purchase a domain name and build a website that is attractive to both your prospective buyers and prospective suppliers. You can get a domain quite quickly and cheaply. Don't forget to develop a presence on social media as well and link up all your different online elements. Take care of the legal and regulatory requirements. Before you start actually trading you need be sure you have all the necessary legal permits and licenses. This means you have to secure a business license. This involves setting up your business as a legal entity as well as getting a Federal Tax Identification number (also known as an Employee Identification Number, or EIN). You can apply for an EIN online. To register your business, visit the US Small Business Administration site. You may need to obtain further licenses and comply to other regulations that are specific to your state. You can look up all the details for your locality online. Understand different suppliers. If you want to start selling, you need to secure deals with reliable suppliers. This is an absolutely crucial aspect to your business, and how you you approach it will depend on the type of wholesale business you are developing. Be sure you understand the different types of suppliers. The four main groups of suppliers are comprised of manufacturers, independent craftspeople, import sources, and distributors. Distributors are often other wholesalers who buy from a variety of sources and sell on for a profit. Take time to fully research suppliers and understand how they operate, who they already supply to, and in what sort of quantities. Evaluate suppliers. Once you have a clear picture of what suppliers are out there, you need to try to match suppliers to your business. You need to think about more than just the price you are being offered by the supplier. The cost of doing business with a company is more than just the price; you should figure in reliability and speed of order fulfillment, as well as the quality of the goods themselves. These can be hard to determine at first, so look for testimonies from other firms and a record of good business practice. Other factors to consider include the location of the company. If they are a manufacturer based abroad you are adding an extra layer of potential costs with shipping as well as the extra time goods may take to arrive. Extra costs may be negated by lower purchase prices, but be sure to take all of these factors into careful consideration. Obtain physical premises if necessary. Depending on what type of wholesalers you are operating, you may need to have a physical site that processes orders and stores inventory. If you are starting small, you can probably run a wholesale business from your basement or garage. One way to lower your overheads is to run the business from home and thus cut out costs for rent and rates. Improve your marketing. Once you are a going concern, you should consider what steps you can take to boost your profits and make more money from your wholesale business. The first thing to think about is how you can increase your sales by improving your marketing. This isn't just a case of increasing your visible presence and promoting your business through social media , although you should be doing these things. You should think of ways to improve your offer to customers and communicate more clearly. Consider focusing on one product at a time and developing specific promotional campaigns for specific product lines. If you are selling to other businesses, ensure you are involved in good business-to-business (or B2B) networks and portals. There are numerous forums and registries to which you can sign up and increase your presence in business circles. Adjust your pricing strategy. Changing your pricing strategy can have a significant impact on your margins. You can encourage larger orders from customers by introducing tiered pricing. This is particularly relevant if you are selling to retailers or other businesses rather than to individual customers. Take time to carefully figure out a good pricing approach for your business. A tiered pricing strategy could look like this: If the buyer purchases 100 units of Product A, the cost is $10 per unit. If the buyer purchases 50 units of Product A, the cost is $12 per unit. If the buyer purchases 10 units of Product A, the cost is $15 per unit. Consider drop shipping to streamline your business. One way to increase your profits is to decrease your costs of doing business. An increasingly popular way to run a wholesale business is by drop shipping. If you do this you can very low costs as at no point are you actually handling the goods. You take the sale and pass it on to the supplier who then ships the products. This can be a way into a market that requires relatively little initial funding. Although your costs will be lower, so will the margin on each unit. Do plenty of research and contact suppliers about the prices in order to determine the returns you can generate. Change your suppliers. If you feel like you could get a better deal from different suppliers, or you are finding juggling multiple suppliers too difficult, you can consider limiting the number of suppliers you do business with. Having closer more developed relationships with a smaller number of suppliers can improve efficiency, lower costs and save time. Consider a supplier's reliability, overall cost (not just unit price), and their willingness to develop a strong partnership with you. Also think about whether this supplier is developing their product line and business practices. If they seem slow or out of date, they may be failing to adapt and develop within their industry. Making new deals with suppliers. As well as looking for new deals with new suppliers, you should always investigate the potential to improve the terms of your deal with your existing suppliers. This doesn't necessarily mean renegotiating any contracts, but rather inquiring about available discounts, special offers, and lower rates for larger orders. Businesses that sell to other business are often much more flexible about pricing than a retail business would be. If you have a long relationship with a supplier you may be able to get a considerable discount on the costs of your order. If you order over a certain amount a discount could kick in and save you money. Speak with a contact at the supplier to be sure you know about all the possibilities to lower your purchase costs.	Decide what you want to sell. Consider what type of wholesale business you will run. Evaluate your finances. Draw up a business plan. . Take care of the legal and regulatory requirements. Understand different suppliers. Evaluate suppliers. Obtain physical premises if necessary. Improve your marketing. Adjust your pricing strategy. Consider drop shipping to streamline your business. Change your suppliers. Making new deals with suppliers.
https://www.wikihow.com/Play-With-Your-Parakeet	How to Play With Your Parakeet	To play with your parakeet, start with easy games like wrapping up treats in paper and letting your bird pull the paper apart. You can also take your parakeet out of its cage and roll a small ball toward it to play catch. To encourage the bird to continue playing the game, give it a treat and a supportive remark like “Good job!” every time it catches the ball with its beak or foot. Some parakeets love peek-a-boo games, so you can try that with your bird and see how it reacts. Bright plastic toys, bells, wood blocks, and small mirrors, which you can get at any pet store, are other great options for keeping your pet entertained!	Disguise treats. Because parakeets are foragers and enjoy taking things apart with their beaks, your parakeet will appreciate taking things apart and finding a treat. An easy game to play with your parakeet is to wrap up a treat in paper and allow your bird to pull it apart. You can fold the paper or simply ball it up, either way your bird will enjoy finding the treat in the middle. Paper foraging games are particularly useful for training a young bird to play. Once your bird is older you may want to consider soft-wood foraging toys. Fetch the ball. Find something that is small enough to fit in your parakeet's claw and hand it to them. If it throws the object on the ground, pick it up and hand it to the bird again. Although you might find this a little repetitive, your bird is having a good time and is being better socialized. If your bird is not interested in playing fetch, do not worry. Try again another time or play a different game. In order to encourage the bird to continue playing the game, give it a treat and an encouraging remark like “Good job!” every time that it throws the object. Play catch. Take your parakeet out of its cage and set it on the ground. Then, roll a small ball towards it. Your parakeet may follow the ball and attempt to grab it with its beak. However, the bird will not return the ball to you, so you may have to go retrieve it from them. Use a whiffle ball or something with notches big enough for your bird to grab with its beak. In order to encourage the bird to continue playing the game, give it a treat and a supportive remark like “Good job!” every time that it gets the ball. Play peek-a-boo. Place your parrot on your bed or floor and cover your head with a sheet or towel. Peek your head out of the sheet and call your bird's name. Then cover it and say your bird's name again. Your parakeet will begin following the sound of your voice and be excited every time you reappear. If your bird is comfortable with this, you can also put your bird under the sheet and play peek-a-boo that way. Just be careful not to let your parakeet stay under the sheets for too long and make sure they have enough air. Practice flying. Perch your bird on your finger and gently hold both of its feet. Carefully lift it above your head. As you raise it, the bird will begin flapping its wings. Let it flap its wings for a few moments and then bring it back down. Repeat this process as long as you want or until the bird gets tired of it. Before you play this game, make sure that any ceiling fans are off and that the space above you is open. Parakeets and other members of the parrot family naturally flap their wings when perched to exercise their wings. This game mimics this natural exercise. Get your parakeet to go up a ladder. A simple trick that you can train your parakeet to perform is climbing a ladder. Because they are natural climbers, your parakeet will instinctively want to climb a ladder. However, you can train it to associate this activity with a verbal cue and a treat so that the bird will climb on command. Place the bird at the end of a ladder, say the cue, and reward it with a treat when it does what you command. Examples of a verbal cue might be “up the ladder” or “climb the ladder.” You can buy a ladder for your parakeet at most pet stores. Have your bird go down a slide. Place a slide at the other end of your parakeet's ladder. Initially, give it praise and a treat once it reaches the top of the ladder and touches the slide. Then, place a treat at the bottom of the slide. Eventually, your bird will slide down and get the snack. It is easier if you break tricks down and teach them in steps. Train your bird how to climb the ladder before instructing it on how to go down a slide. You may have to make your own slide out of PVC pipe since commercially available parakeet slides are hard to come by. Teach it to go through a hoop. Create a small hoop for your parakeet out of cardboard or other light material. Lead your parakeet through the hoop with a treat and assign a cue every time it goes through. Eventually, you may want to insert increasingly longer pieces of tubing for the hoop. A paper towel or toilet paper tube should be about the right size for a parakeet. Hold short training sessions. When you begin teaching your parakeet tricks, you will want to limit the length of you training sessions. Pushing your bird too hard will cause it to lose interest and may make it ill. Stop training your bird if it looks tired or loses interest. The time spent training your bird could last anywhere from a few minutes to a half hour. Try having training sessions a couple of times a day. Give them cues. Parakeets are particularly adept at responding to verbal cues from humans, but they can also recognize physical gestures. When training your parakeet, pick a cue and stick with it. Consistency and repetition are essential. Once the bird has associated the cue with the activity, they will respond on command. A physical cue can be a snap of the fingers of a wave of the hand. A verbal cue can be a short phrase like “up the ladder” or “down the slide.” It can also as simple as a word like “up” or “down.” Reward your bird. Whenever your bird does what you want it to do, give it a treat. This positive reinforcement will ensure that it associates your cue, and the action is has performed, with the treat it receives at the end. You can also reward the bird at the end of a session with a treat in its bowl that it does not regularly eat. Consider a hulled sunflower seed or a piece of millet spray as a quick treat. Speak in a positive tone. Parakeets are perceptive birds and will respond to your attitude. If you stay positive and enthusiastic, the bird will focus and stay on task. If you become frustrated and agitated, the bird will likely be distracted and lose interest in the training. To avoid this, stay positive and make the activities fun. Maintaining a positive tone is essential to keeping training fun and light. Evaluate how your bird likes to play. Before you buy your parakeet toys, test out the ways in which it likes to play. Make paper foraging toys or weave pieces of paper through its cage. Give it small objects from around the house like bottle caps or little balls and see how it reacts to them. This will help you determine what kinds of toys to invest in. You may also find that your bird enjoys the simple toys just as much as ones you bought at a pet store. Make sure that you give your bird safe things to play with. Avoid anything treated with harsh chemicals or solvents. Find safe toys. Make sure that the toys you are giving your bird are appropriate for their size. Parakeets can get stuck and die in toys intended for larger birds. You should also avoid any toys with sharp edges that could poke your bird or lose strings that could strangle them. If you are in doubt about the safety of a toy, talk to a clerk at your pet store or email the toy retailer. Pick brightly colored toys. Because parakeets can see the full spectrum of colors, they are particularly attracted to colorful objects. When considering toys, you should buy things that have vibrant coloring. Bright primary colors, like yellow, red, and blue, are great choices. Although you can give your bird toys that are drably colored, they may not play with them as much. Be sure to choose toys that are colored with non-toxic materials. Choose noisy toys. Parakeets are social birds by nature and make a lot of noises. Because of this, they also enjoy toys that make a lot of sound. Toys with bells attached to them are particularly popular with parakeets. You can also hang a few small bells in your birds cage. Avoid buying the Christmas style “jingle bell” with openings. Your parakeet may get stuck in the holes. Instead, buy an open-bottomed bell. Buy foraging toys. Parakeets are particularly fond of toys that mimic foraging activities. Because parakeets have smaller beaks, you will want to invest in foraging toys that are made of soft-woods or cardboard. Wooden toys are a particularly good choice because they are also safe for your bird to chew on. Avoid plastic toys if you can. These can contain harmful toxins. Place a mirror in their cage. If you own a single parakeet, you might want to consider installing a mirror in its cage. Parakeets are social and like having other birds like them around. If you install a mirror, your bird will chirp at and interact with the mirror as if it is another parakeet. You may have to clean the mirror occasionally. Be warned though, sometimes if a bird is lonely, it will never leave the mirror. This means that they may stop eating and drinking, and could be fatal.	Disguise treats. Fetch the ball. Play catch. Play peek-a-boo. Practice flying. Get your parakeet to go up a ladder. Have your bird go down a slide. Teach it to go through a hoop. Hold short training sessions. Give them cues. Reward your bird. Speak in a positive tone. Evaluate how your bird likes to play. Find safe toys. Pick brightly colored toys. Choose noisy toys. Buy foraging toys. Place a mirror in their cage.
https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Child-Support	How to Get Child Support	To get child support, start by asking the Department of Revenue or the Department of Human Services in your state to file for you. Then, hire a family law attorney, who can help you navigate the complicated court system. Next, try to come to an agreement with the other parent, and submit your proposed child support payments to the court. If you can't come to an agreement, you can try mediation, or you can go to court so a judge can decide on a reasonable agreement.	Understand child support. Child support is designed to allow a child to enjoy a standard of living that is approximate to what he or she would have enjoyed had the parents lived together. Child support may be ordered when the parents are separated, have never lived together, or are in divorce, dissolution of marriage, annulment, or in the midst of paternity and legal separation cases. Typically, it is paid to the parent with whom the children spend the majority of their time. Child support is not alimony. The purpose of alimony is to rehabilitate or support a former spouse. Though the other parent may financially benefit from child support payments, the purpose of the payments is to benefit the children who no longer live with you. Child support payments are set by a court or are agreed to by the parents themselves, who then have their agreement approved by a court. Once set, child support payments can only be amended by court order. Consider asking the state to file for you. In most states, the Department of Revenue or the Department of Human Services will file for child support on your behalf. Often, there is an Office of Child Support Services in that department, or the state may have contracted with a private agency to handle child support issues. In most situations, applying for public assistance to help support the child will automatically trigger the state to file for child support on your behalf and help establish paternity, if necessary. Some agencies will charge a small fee for your use of their child support services. In Texas, for example, the Child Support Division will charge $25 if you end up collecting at least $500 in support payments in a year. Meet with an attorney. Family law is complicated and an experienced family law attorney can help you make the best case for child support. Judges also have latitude in how they calculate support payments, and an experienced family law attorney may know the likelihood of a judge to deviate from the state formula. To find a qualified family law attorney, contact your state's bar association, which should run a referral service. If costs are a concern, realize that many attorneys now offer "unbundled" legal services. Under this arrangement, an attorney will perform discrete tasks (such as filing a document or coaching you in preparation for your hearing). Estimate your child support payments. In most states, child support is determined by a formula. The formula considers the number of children the non-custodial parent will need to pay support for. In Texas, for example, a parent will pay 20% of their income for one child and an additional 5% of income for each additional child, up to 40% of income for five or more children. Many states also allow judges to depart from the formula, depending on the circumstances. Courts will look at a variety of circumstances, including: each parent's income, whether either parent is responsible for children from other relationships, who is paying childcare and health care, as well as whether either parent lives with a new parent who contributes to household expenses. You can also use a child support calculator to get a rough estimate of how much child support you may be entitled to. Click on your state to get a state-specific calculation. Establish paternity. If you are seeking child support from a man you believe is the father, then you will need to legally establish that he is the father. There are many ways to establish paternity. Paternity may be presumed, voluntarily assumed, or declared by a court. If you need to establish paternity, contact your state's Attorney General's Office. These offices will help bring a suit, if necessary, and often will pay for the cost of a DNA test. Generally, a man is presumed to be the father when he is married to the child's mother when the child was either conceived or born. A presumption of paternity will also attach if the man marries the mother and then agrees to have his name on the birth certificate or agrees to support the child. A man will also be presumed the father when he welcomes the child into his home and holds the child out as his own. A man can also establish paternity by signing an acknowledgment form. However, if there is also a “presumed” father, then the presumed father must sign a Denial of Paternity form. Paternity can also be determined by a court. You will initiate a suit to establish parentage. Then you must serve the petition on the man you believe is the father. The man may ask for a DNA test if he denies parentage. Come to an agreement with the other parent. Parents have the right to meet and try to work out child support payments between themselves. If you can come to an agreement, you would then need to submit your proposed child support payment schedule to the court for approval. If one of the parents has been the victim of domestic violence, this may not be an option. However, other parents can save themselves time and money by trying to reach an agreement. Your state's formula can help act as a guide when deciding the amount of child support. Although you can deviate from the formula, the judge will undoubtedly compare your proposed child support plan to the state's formula in order to get a sense of how fair the proposal is. Consider mediation. Mediation is a process where a third party “neutral” discusses the case with you and the other parent. You discuss disagreements that you are having around child support and work toward a resolution that is agreeable to all parties. Mediation may be court-ordered. Even if court-ordered, you may still be required to split the cost of mediation. The average cost of a mediator can be $100-200 an hour. If you are indigent, you should request a fee waiver or reduction in fees. The mediator cannot force any side to accept a solution. Therefore, you don't gain anything by stretching facts to get the mediator to agree with you. Draft an agreement. If you and the other parent can come to an agreement on child support, then you should work on drafting an agreement. Be sure to include the amount the non-custodial parent will pay, how the payment will be made, any non-monetary support (such as health insurance), and who will pay for special expenses such as school tuition and extra-curricular activities. Before signing, you may want to have an attorney look at the agreement. Ask if the attorney can spot anything you may have missed. Locate the appropriate court. You will file for child support in the county where the child lives. If the parent has moved to a different state, then you should try to have your state Child Support Agency seek child support on your behalf. When a parent lives in a different state, you will need to work with the court system in that state in order to enforce a child support order. This can be complicated and time-consuming. Your state's agency has more resources and experience in handling cross-border child support enforcement. Get the right forms. You will start an action for child support by filing a petition or motion. Your state should have pre-printed "fill in the blank" forms. The form will go by a different name depending on the state and court. In Massachusetts, it is called a “Complaint for Support.” In Texas, the form is called “Petition in Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship.” Ask the court clerk for the appropriate form. You may also need to fill out other forms. In particular, you will need a worksheet on which you list assets, income, expenses, etc. This worksheet goes by different names. In Massachusetts, it is called the “Child Support Guidelines Worksheet.” In New York it is called a “Financial Disclosure Affidavit.” If you are requesting child support as part of a divorce, then you should have the form in your divorce packet already. If you and the other parent have come to an agreement, then you will file a “Joint Stipulation.” Ask the clerk if there is a particular form for joint stipulations. Complete the forms. The typical motion/petition form will ask for personal identification information (your name, address, phone number) as well as information about the children (names, date of birth, and address). You will also need to name the other parent and list their address. The financial affidavit/worksheet will require information on assets and finances. For example, you may be asked for gross weekly income, health insurance and child care costs, and information on other support obligations. Sign the forms. Once you have completed the forms, you will need to sign them. Check the bottom of the form to see if it must be notarized. If so, then wait to sign in front of the notary. Notaries may be found at banks as well as at the courthouse. Be sure to bring sufficient personal identification when you go to see the notary. Bring either a valid driver's license or a passport. File the forms. After you have assembled all of your forms, make several copies for yourself and one copy for the other parent. Take the forms to the court clerk and request to file. The clerk will need to print off the citation or summons, which calls the other parent into court. Attach it to your petition and other forms. You will have to pay a filing fee. Fees can vary depending on the court. In Massachusetts, for example, there is no fee for filing though you have to pay $5 for the summons. In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it costs $35.50. You should call ahead and ask the court clerk for information on how much the fee is as well as acceptable methods of payment. If you cannot afford the fee, ask for a fee waiver form and fill it out. Get a hearing date. You may be able to pick up a hearing date when you file. (Alternately, the court may mail you a hearing date at a later time). If you receive the hearing date when you file, ask the clerk if you need to send notice to the other parent. If you do, you may have to fill out a Notice of Hearing form. You should do this when you file, so that the notice can be served on the other parent at the same time as the summons and a copy of the petition. Serve notice on the other parent. You will need to send the other parent a copy of your petition as well as the summons. You are responsible for arranging service. Generally, service may be done by the mail or by personal service. Ask the court clerk what methods are acceptable in that court. Typically you can serve notice through the sheriff or a process server for a fee. You should ask the clerk how to arrange service by the sheriff. You will probably need to attach an Affidavit of Service form, which will be signed by whoever serves the documents and returned to you. Once returned, you then file it with the court. To find a process server, you can check online or in the Yellow Pages. Often, a court will allow someone over the age of 18 to serve the papers, provided the person is not a party to the suit. Courts generally do not allow you to serve papers yourself. If the other parent cannot be found, you will need to serve notice by publication. This is a complicated process. You should seek the help of your state's Child Support Enforcement office if you cannot locate the other parent. Wait for the answer. In most states, the other parent has between 21 or 30 days from the date the motion was served in order to file a written answer. You should receive a copy of the answer, but if you do not then call the clerk and ask if it was received. If no answer was received, then you can consider asking for a Default Judgment. However, a default judgment may not get you child support if the other parent lives in another state (unless you are working through your state agency). Participate in discovery. In discovery, parties request documents in the custody or control of the other party. Look at the other parent's answer, which should include a financial worksheet listing assets and income. If you think the other parent is hiding income or assets, then you should seek to uncover them in discovery. You can request: Personal income tax returns for the past five years. Business income tax returns for any business which the parent had an ownership interest in for the past five years. A list of all bank accounts, including all bank accounts closed in the past five years. A detailed list of investments. Copies of bank statements. Copies of insurance policies. Any other financial document, including information on trusts, credit cards, real estate, and other property. Prepare for the hearing. After you file, you will either be given a hearing date at that time or a date will be mailed to you. You should prepare for the hearing by reviewing your petition and the other parent's answer. A hearing is more informal than a trial. Some states even hold hearings by telephone. You should ask the clerk when filing your motion how hearings are held. Be sure to bring to the hearing a document that established paternity, e.g., a signed birth certificate, a signed acknowledgment of paternity, or a court order. Also look at the factors your state considers relevant in setting child support. Although judges use a formula as a starting point, they can adjust the amount up or down if the situation warrants it. Attend the hearing. At the hearing, the judge will attempt to find out how much child support to award. You should be prepared to answer any question related to what you filled out on your financial worksheet. Arrive early. You should give yourself plenty of time to find parking and get to the courtroom a half hour before you are scheduled to start. Dress appropriately. Remember that the courtroom is a professional place. Accordingly, you should dress in a respectable fashion. As a rule of thumb, dress as you would if going to church. Men should wear slacks and a dress shirt or a nice, solid-colored polo. You should have facial hair trimmed and neat. Women should dress business casual: a blouse with a mid-thigh skirt or slacks. Dresses are fine if not too revealing. No loud jewelry. Do not wear T-shirts, jeans with holes in them, halter tops, or shorts. Speak respectfully. When addressing the judge, say “Your Honor.” Stand when speaking to him or her. Do not chew gum while in court, no matter how nervous you may be. Also do not bring in food or drinks, and turn cell phones off. Answer questions. The judge will probably ask you questions about the paperwork you filed. If paternity has not yet been established, you will be asked why you think the defendant is the father. Be prepared to answer questions without taking too long to riffle through your papers. Remember that the other parent will probably be at the hearing. No matter how angry you are, you should comport yourself in a professional manner. Draft the order. After the hearing, the prevailing party usually prepares the orders. The order should contain in written form what the judge ordered. There should be a blank order form for you to fill out. Give it to the other parent to review, and then hand it in to the clerk. Once the judge signs the order, a copy should be mailed to you for your records. File a notice of appeal. If you believe the judge decided wrong, then you may be able to appeal. You should ask the court clerk for a Notice of Appeal form and fill it out. You must have legitimate grounds for an appeal. For example, you may believe that the judge did not understand the facts properly or did not apply the law to the facts in the right way. You cannot appeal simply because you are unhappy with the ruling. Receive payments. Child support payments may be made periodically (weekly, biweekly, or monthly) or in a lump sum. The court may also require the non-custodial parent to purchase an annuity or set aside property. Periodic payments, if ordered, will be made to the state's Child Support State Disbursement Unit, who then forwards payments to the custodial parent. The judge will set the start date for payments. The judge may also order retroactive child support payments for the period of time between the parents separating and the date a formal child support order is entered. Document the missed payments. You should keep detailed documentation of all payments received and payments missed. If the non-custodial parent pays into a state Disbursement Unit, then you can contact them for a printout of payments. Contact your state Attorney General. Even if you didn't use the state Child Support Division when seeking your initial child support order, you can use them to enforce an existing order. They can also help you track down a parent if he or she has gone missing. If you have not already been receiving support services from the state, then you will probably have to complete an application. Here is an example. The application will ask for your personal information (name, address, Social Security Number, home phone), employer information, and personal information on your children. You will also be asked detailed information on the other parent, include name, address, date of birth, Social Security Number, and physical characteristics (race, eye color, hair color, etc.) File a petition form. If you intend to bring the enforcement action yourself, then you will need to fill out a motion to enforce. Your state should have "fill in the blank" forms for this motion. When you file, be sure to attach a copy of the original child support order as well as a schedule of payments made and payments missed. You will have to serve notice, just as you did when establishing an initial child support order. The other parent will also have an opportunity to answer the petition. Attend the hearing. At the hearing, be prepared to talk about the amount the other parent owes (the “arrearages”). Judges have several options for collecting arrearages. For example, a court can freeze bank accounts, offset state and federal income tax returns, place a lien on the non-custodial parent's property, and seize and sell property. A judge can also revoke state-issued licenses or jail the non-custodial parent for contempt. Think whether or not this is in your best interest. If the non-paying parent loses a license or is jailed, it will be harder for you to collect child support payments.	Understand child support. Consider asking the state to file for you. Meet with an attorney. Estimate your child support payments. Establish paternity. Come to an agreement with the other parent. Consider mediation. Draft an agreement. Locate the appropriate court. Get the right forms. Complete the forms. Sign the forms. File the forms. Get a hearing date. Serve notice on the other parent. Wait for the answer. Participate in discovery. Prepare for the hearing. Attend the hearing. Dress appropriately. Speak respectfully. Answer questions. Draft the order. File a notice of appeal. Receive payments. Document the missed payments. Contact your state Attorney General. File a petition form. Attend the hearing.
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Gibson-Martini	How to Make a Gibson Martini	To make a Gibson martini, start by adding 1 cup of ice to a martini glass so it gets cold while you're preparing the rest of the cocktail. Then, add another cup of ice to a cocktail shaker or mixing glass along with 2 1/2 ounces of gin and 1/2 ounce of dry vermouth. Next, stir the ingredients in the shaker or mixing glass for 10 seconds before straining the martini into the chilled glass. Finally, garnish your cocktail with a pickled pearl onion.	Chill a cocktail glass by putting ice in it. To quickly chill a glass, pour about 1 cup (217 g) of ice into it and leave it there while you prepare the drink. Gibson martinis are traditionally served in chilled glasses. Although you can try having it in a room temperature glass, many people believe the drink loses flavor if it isn't kept at near-freezing temperatures. Another way to chill a glass is to leave it in the freezer for up to 4 hours. Even a quick 15-minute freeze helps a lot if you don't have much time to wait. Add 1 cup (217 g) of ice to a cocktail shaker. You can use crushed ice or ice cubes to chill the drink. The shaker will be up to ¾ full with the ice. This will make the martini as cold as the glass. If you don't have a shaker, use a cocktail mixing glass. Add the gin and vermouth to the shaker. Combine about 2.5 fluid ounces (74 mL) of gin with 0.5 fluid ounces (15 mL) of dry vermouth. As you get used to the taste of a Gibson martini, you can alter the ratio to fit your preferences. Try adding up to 0.75 fluid ounces (22 mL) of vermouth to balance out the sweetness and juniper flavoring most brands of gin feature. You can also substitute vodka for gin. Vodka is flavorless, so you may taste more bitterness from the vermouth. If you're not a fan of gin, give vodka a try. Stir the ingredients in the shaker with a bar spoon for 10 seconds. Swirl the mixture carefully and gradually to avoid agitating the ingredients. Do not shake it! Shaking or vigorous stirring will break the ice and dilute the martini's flavor. Strain the martini into the chilled glass. Straining involves separating the solid ice from the liquids. Pour the martini out of the cocktail shaker carefully to avoid letting the ice splash into it. Some shakers have built-in strainers that make this part easier, but you can also buy a separate strainer to use. If you mixed the liquor in a cocktail mixing glass, place a Hawthorn strainer or Julep strainer in it. The strainer will catch the ice as you pour the martini into the glass. Garnish the cocktail with pickled pearl onions. Drop 1 to 3 onions directly into the martini. You can also spear them on a cocktail pick and set them in the liquor. Cocktail onions are a part of the traditional Gibson martini recipe and add a unique sweetness that distinguishes it from regular martinis. Purchase store-bought cocktail onions if you don't have time to make your own. They are available online and at many restaurant supply stores. You can substitute manzanilla olives for cocktail onions or go without them, but your drink will taste like a regular martini instead of a Gibson martini. You may also use a slice of onion if you're in a hurry, but it will taste much stronger and less sweet than cocktail onions. Sweet onions are the best option if you go this route. Serve the martini while it is chilled. Avoid waiting too long to finish the drink. Once the Gibson martini starts to warm up, it will lose its flavor. If you properly chilled the glass and liquor, this won't be an issue. The martini will warm up and lose flavor faster if you shook it rather than mixed it with a spoon. Submerge pearl onions in a bowl of boiling water for 1 minute. Heat a pot of water over high heat on the stove. Boil enough water to submerge the onions completely. Meanwhile, place 1 lb (0.45 kg) of raw pearl onions in a large mixing bowl and add the water after it reaches the boiling point. Since you are only blanching the onions, drain the water right away to prevent overcooking. Drain the water by carefully pouring it into the sink. You can pour it into a colander, which will catch the onions. Rinse the onions off under cold running water and trim them. Move the bowl of onions into the sink immediately. Make sure the water is as cold as you can get it. The cold water stops the onions from cooking. You can now easily slice off the top and bottom ends of each onion with a paring knife, then peel off the rough outer layer of skin by hand. You can try cutting and peeling the onions without blanching them. However, pearl onions are very small and the skin tends to stick to the bulb, making this a little frustrating. Another option is to not peel the bulbs. Cut off the top and bottom, then drop the onions directly into the pickling brine. The skin might come off in the drink, but otherwise it usually doesn't affect the taste too much. Combine all of the pickling ingredients in a saucepan. Make a simple pickling liquid out of 0.5 cups (120 mL) each of sherry vinegar, apple cider vinegar, and water. Flavor it with 0.5 teaspoons (1 g) of mustard seeds, 12 whole peppercorns, 1 sprig of rosemary, and 1 dried chili pepper. Finish with 0.5 cups (136.5 g) of kosher salt and 0.25 cups (52 g) of sugar. Add different ingredients to customize the flavor of the cocktail onions. For example, try adding the zest from a large lemon and a small lime, ¼ a teaspoon (1.42 g) of juniper berries, or 2 sprigs of thyme. Dissolve the sugar and salt over low heat for about 5 minutes. Move the saucepan to your stove and let it heat. Stir the pan's contents with a whisk until the sugar and salt disperse. You can also boil the liquid ingredients first, then simmer the onions in the pickling liquid after the sugar and salt disperses. Boil the onions in the liquid for 1 minute. Pour the pearl onions into the pan and crank up the stove's heat to a high setting. Wait for the mixture to boil before starting the timer. Stir dry vermouth into the pan after it has cooled to room temperature. Move the pan off of the heat after it has had a chance to boil. When it cools, pour up to 1 cup (240 mL) of dry vermouth. Stir the pan's contents thoroughly to mix in the vermouth. For slightly less bitter onions, add only about ⁄ 2 cup (120 mL) of dry vermouth. Use a kitchen thermometer to track the mixture's temperature more accurately. Transfer the pickled onion mixture to sealed glass jars. Mason jars are great if you have them available. Fill the jar, then make sure it is adequately covered. Try using plastic wrap or foil if you don't have jar lids. Chill the onions for 5 hours in the refrigerator before using them. Alternatively, you can leave the containers out at room temperature for up to 2 days if you have the time. This will give them plenty of time to soak in the pickling brine. Once you open the containers, they need to be stored in the refrigerator. The longer you store them, the more flavors they will absorb from the liquid. The onions will last up to 1 month in the refrigerator. Keep the containers sealed.	Chill a cocktail glass by putting ice in it. Add 1 cup (217 g) of ice to a cocktail shaker. Add the gin and vermouth to the shaker. Stir the ingredients in the shaker with a bar spoon for 10 seconds. Strain the martini into the chilled glass. Garnish the cocktail with pickled pearl onions. Serve the martini while it is chilled. Submerge pearl onions in a bowl of boiling water for 1 minute. Rinse the onions off under cold running water and trim them. Combine all of the pickling ingredients in a saucepan. Dissolve the sugar and salt over low heat for about 5 minutes. Boil the onions in the liquid for 1 minute. Stir dry vermouth into the pan after it has cooled to room temperature. Transfer the pickled onion mixture to sealed glass jars. Chill the onions for 5 hours in the refrigerator before using them.
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Halloween-Decorations	How to Make Halloween Decorations	To make Halloween decorations, try decorating a pumpkin by painting or drawing designs on it with a sharpie. You can also make paper cut outs of pumpkins, spiders, or bats using construction paper or card stock, then hang them up around your house. Additionally, drape white or off-white bedsheets over your furniture to make your house look like an old, haunted mansion. If you'd like to decorate with ghosts, you can use squares of fabric, cut out two eyes and a mouth, and hang them up with string.	Make a Jack O'Lantern. No Halloween would be complete without the iconic Jack O'Lantern in its various forms. The classic Jack O'Lantern is made by carving a pumpkin and placing a candle inside it, but here are some other ideas: Carve a disco ball pumpkin. This is a carved pumpkin with a twist and it throws light out from all over its many holes. It's a load of fun to make and people won't be able to resist making comments about it. You can make Jack O'Lanterns out of various fruits and veggies, including oranges , pomegranates, and peppers. Decorate a pumpkin. If you don't want to go through the mess and stress of carving a pumpkin, there are many ways to decorate a pumpkin without carving it : Paint or spray paint a pumpkin a single color. You might leave it one color (silver and gold are popular), or draw designs on the pumpkin with a sharpie after it's been painted. Use a stencil to help you draw or paint a face or other design on your pumpkin. Use stickers or other surface embellishments to decorate a pumpkin. If you want to use something more natural, consider covering a pumpkin in lovely autumn leaves. Dress your pumpkin up like a person. Use your pumpkin as the head of a mummy or zombie in your yard , put a wig on it, or add other embellishments that make it look more human (or monstrous, as the case may be). Peel your pumpkin. Draw a design on your pumpkin and then use a knife to only cut deep enough to pierce the skin. You want to expose the pumpkin's flesh without cutting the flesh. Draw an outline with your knife and then dig the knife beneath the pumpkin's skin as you pull the skin back. Grow a pumpkin patch. This one is a long-term project and will only work if you have access to a yard, but it's sure rewarding. Choose a large spot that will give the pumpkins ample space to grow and that will be easily seen by trick-or-treaters. Make sure the spot will get lots of sun, and that the soil can get ample drainage, especially after heavy rain. You'll need to find out when to plant pumpkins in your region. Pumpkin seeds generally need to be planted in late spring or early summer if you want to harvest them in the fall. There are different types of pumpkins to choose from: pie pumpkins for eating, decorative pumpkins for carving, and mini pumpkins. Make a fake pumpkin patch. If you aren't into growing pumpkins, just buy a bunch of pumpkins and arrange them in a way that mimics a pumpkin patch. Don't forget to add vines and greenery to make it look more authentic. You can even make a neat yard design with pumpkins, for example, having them line your path. In this case you could connect them with vines so that they look kind of like a pumpkin fence. . Make pumpkin tabletop decorations There are quite a few ways that the pumpkin can grace your Halloween party or dinner table: Make a still life arrangement using miniature pumpkins of various shapes and sizes. Pile them up beautifully, with a few fall leaves here and there. Decorate a pumpkin with netting and ribbon, and then place it in the middle of your table as a centerpiece. Make paper pumpkin cut-outs. Use construction paper or different types of card stock to make pumpkin-shaped cut-outs for decorating your home. You can make big cut-outs to fix to your walls, or smaller ones for bunting, banners, and mobiles. To make pumpkin bunting or garland, glue a row of paper cut-outs to yarn or a long strip of paper, and hang them up around your home. If you're worried about the cut-outs falling off the yarn, poke holes in the top of them and run the yarn through instead of glueing them. . Make pumpkin favors These cardboard decorations can be placed along benches, on shelves or they can be strung along like bunting for a ceiling decoration: Cut out a 3-inch circle from a piece of orange cardboard (one for each favor/guest). This will form the base of your pumpkin. Cut out a 9-inch circle from orange crepe paper or tissue paper. This will form your pumpkin. You need one for each base that you cut. Place the cardboard circle into the center of the crepe paper circle. If you want to, you can fasten it in the center so that it doesn't move around while you finish making the favor. Gather the edges of the crepe paper/tissue and pull them up so that it looks like a bag. Stuff the “bag” tightly with cotton balls, shaping it as you go so that the bag is in the shape of a pumpkin. Tie a knot at the top of it. Twist the paper at the top so that it looks like a stem. Add some glue to the “stem” so that it won't unravel, then cover the stem with green paper. Use a black felt pen or stickers to add a face to your pumpkin, and you're done! Make a pumpkin collage. A pumpkin collage can be an interesting piece of artwork for decorating a wall. Start with a cardboard cut-out of a pumpkin, and then fill it in with items of your choosing. You might fill the collage with autumn leaves, photos of previous Halloweens, or images from your favorite scary movies. Make a pumpkin wreath. A simple wreath can be made using a wire wreath form and miniature pumpkins as follows: Place the miniature pumpkins in a circle to see how many you'll use to make a wreath. You may need around 14 to 20 pumpkins, depending on their size. Drill a horizontal hole through each miniature pumpkin. Keep the holes as close to the bottom of the pumpkins as you can, as this will keep them hidden from view when the wreath is hanging. String 20-gauge wire through the first pumpkin's holes. Place this pumpkin against the wire wreath form and twist the wire inside the pumpkin holes around the wire wreath form to keep in place. Repeat for each pumpkin until all are attached to the wreath form. Tuck dry moss into the gaps between the pumpkins. Keep this in place with more wiring. Tie a large bow at the top of the wreath, leaving long tie lengths hanging below the wreath. Cut the ends diagonally to prevent fraying. Hang a wire hook at the top of the wreath and hang the wreath in position on your front door. Make mini-pumpkin candle holders. Pick out some mini-pumpkins at your local grocer or pumpkin patch. Cut off the tops and scoop out enough flesh to make room for a votive candle or tea light. Push the candle or tea light into the emptied mini-pumpkin and you're done. Place the candle holder wherever you'd normally use a candle, using common sense to keep it away from flammable items. . Make pumpkin-shaped candles Purchase wax, wicks, and pumpkin moulds from your local craft shop. Place the wick in the mould, melt the wax down, and pour it into the mould too. Once the wax cools, remove it from the mould and you've got a pumpkin candle. You can add colors and/or scents to the wax to the candles as well. Make a witch hat decoration. You can do this using paper, felt, or if you're comfortable sewing, you can use fabric. You'll need a quarter-circle for the top and a circle with a hole in the middle for the brim. If you're short on time, you can buy plain black ready-made witch hats from the dollar store or anywhere else that sells Halloween costumes, and then decorate those. Once you have your hat, decorate it with artificial gems, glitter, stickers, felt pieces, ribbon, sequins, or whatever else tickles your fancy. You can even make a witch-hat collage by pasting various items onto a paper witch hat or a piece of cardboard that has been cut into the shape of a witch's hat. You can use the decorated hat as a centerpiece on your table or on other surfaces around your house. You can also hang the hat from the ceiling — just make sure it's low enough that people can see your decorations, but out of the way so that no one will accidentally bonk into it and knock it down. Get creative with your witch hats. Use decorated witch hats or paper cut-outs of witch hats in varying sizes around your house. You can use small witch hats for bunting or garland, for instance, alternating the hats with cut-outs of black cats, brooms, and candy corn. You could even make a witch hat in a candy corn theme by sewing or pasting together fabric that has orange at the base, yellow in the middle, and white at the tip. Make paper witch decorations. There are lots of ways to turn the silhouette of a witch into decorations, including witch garlands, streamers, collages, cards, signs, and cut-outs. Witch silhouettes are especially effective decorations when placed against a window or white surface. With the witch come some other traditional symbols that can be added into your artwork, including the black cat, the moon, and the broomstick. Make witch legs. Stuff a pair of stripy stockings with whatever you've got handy — batting or polyester filling will work nicely. If you'll be putting the legs outside, avoid filling them with paper products or anything else that is easily damaged by water. Draw and cut out witchy-looking boots on a fabric of your choosing (black is recommended). Draw each boot on 2 pieces of fabric (or 1 piece folded in half), and make it extra large as it will shrink when sewn and stuffed. Cut, sew, and stuff the boots, and attach them to the ends of the stockings. Put some wire in the legs to make them bendy, then stick them in a prop cauldron to make it look like the witch fell in her own brew. You can also have the legs coming out from under a flower pot or anywhere else for that matter. If you're a film buff you could make it look like your house fell on a witch (like in The Wizard of Oz) by stuffing a pair of black and white striped stockings and putting sparkly red shoes on them, then fastening them to the ground near the foundation of your house. Make dangling witch legs. Follow the instructions for making witches legs — stuffing tights and sewing witchy boots on to the ends of them. Once that's done, make the witch a skirt: Cut 20-inch-long strips of black tulle or another crunchy fabric that will mimic a fluffy crinoline. Cut the handle off a cheap umbrella (be careful that you don't hurt yourself doing this), then tuck and tie the legs and crinoline up into the spokes of the umbrella. The crinoline should hide all of the metal in the umbrella so that it just looks like a large skirt with a witch's legs sticking out. Fasten it to your ceiling (you can cut a hole int the top of the umbrella and pull the stockings through to use as a hanging device) and Voila! Make lollipop witch brooms. You'll need lollipops (big round or oval ones work best), a brown felt pen, tissue paper (the fancy stuff you wrap presents with, not kleenex), scissors, twine, and name tags (optional). Use the brown felt pen to color in the lollipop sticks brown. You can also use black or dark brown if you think this would look better. Cut a bunch of squares in your tissue paper, all of the same size. Four inches by four inches is recommended. Gently put the lollipop stick through the middle of the tissue square and then pull the tissue down until it rests on top of the lollipop. Pull the tissue around the lollipop candy, and then scrunch the rest of the tissue up before tying it with twine to hold it in place. You may need to trim the edges of the tissue so that the broom can stand upright. These can double as place settings at the dinner table as well as party favors. If you want to use them as place settings, tie a name tag around the section of the broom that's tied with twine. Make fabric ghosts. White fabric scraps of all sorts can be easily transformed into ghosts. You don't even need to sew them: you can just cut out squares of fabric and drape or tie them into your desired shapes. One popular method is to scrunch up newspaper into your desired ghosty shape, drape a piece of felt or fabric overtop of it, tie the fabric with twine to form the ghost's “head”, and then draw a ghosty face on it. Use white fabric scraps to make ghost cut-outs to turn into pictures or bunting. You can also sew little white scraps of fabric into finger puppets, or stick them on to empty toilet rolls to make ghosts. Make paper cut-out ghosts. Use card stock, construction paper, or simple white printer paper and transform it into ghosts of all sorts, including ghost pictures or cut-outs, ghost collages, and ghost bunting or garlands. You can also cut out a large ghost shape from cardboard and use it as the base for a collage. Make use of your bedsheets. Drape white or off-white bedsheets over objects around your house to give the impression of ghosts. You can also make your room look like a room in an old haunted mansion by covering nearly all of your furniture in sheets and then putting spiderwebs in the corners. You might even add a skull and/or a crystal ball to a table, and play some creepy Halloween sounds in the room. Make a ghost out of cheesecloth and fabric stiffener. This is just one of the many ways in which you can transform household objects into ghost decorations. Start by creating a frame for your ghost's shape. Stack two cups vertically end to end (with the rims facing out), and place a small balloon on top. Lay down some newspaper or a plastic bag beneath this to catch any liquid that follows from the cloth as it dries. Cut 8 inches of cheesecloth. If the ends are ragged, all the better, as this will make your ghost look more creepy and old. Off-white and beige cheesecloths are good choices. Soak the cheesecloth in fabric stiffener. Use a bowl for this. Make sure the cheesecloth is well coated before you take it out. Remove the cheesecloth from the bowl of fabric stiffener and immediately place it over the balloon-cup frame. It should take roughly 10 minutes to dry. Once the cloth is dry, pop the balloon by poking a pin through the cheesecloth. This will leave you with a hardened ghost shape. Now you can decorate your ghost in any way you want. When you're happy with it, pull some fishing line, thread, or twine through the top of the ghost and hang it up. Make a ghost out of a styrofoam head, a wire hanger, and some fabric. You can give the ghost broader shoulders by adding additional wire and extra fabric to the hanger. Bend the hook of the hanger so that it's straight, then gently push the styrofoam head down onto it. Now it'll look like a head sitting on top of shoulders. Drape white fabric over the head and hanger, and then adjust the fabric until you're happy with how it looks, cutting it to make it look more ragged, or bulking it up in places to make it look more like a person's figure. If you want you can add long wire arms to the hanger and then put stuff white latex gloves at the ends of the “arms” to make it look more like a person. Once you're happy with how it looks, hang it up by tying fishing line around its neck and fastening it to your ceiling or anywhere else you like. You can find styrofoam heads at most Halloween supply shops, but also some beauty supply and craft shops. Make spider-shaped paper cut-outs. Draw spider shapes on construction paper or card stock and cut them out, then fix them to your walls or to string to make bunting or garland. You can also use the spider shape as the basis for a collage. Paper spiders can be stuck all over the wall, among fake webs, and in bushes. Be careful about putting the paper spiders outside, as they might get wrecked if it rains. Use cardboard for larger spiders that can be hung from ceilings or greater heights to dangle in people's faces. You might cut up garbage bags and glue them onto these so that they're shiny black spiders. Make a spider from repurposed items. As an example, you could make a spider from an egg carton and pipe cleaners: Cut out an egg carton piece to form the spider's body. Paint in the color you want the spider to be — black, neon, purple with red spots, etc. You might even use a glow-in-the-dark or black-light paint. Pierce four holes down one side and another four down the other side of the egg carton piece, then slip pipe cleaners into the holes each side to form eight legs. Reshape the legs so that the spider can stand properly and perhaps have two legs splayed in front. Glue on a bunch of pre-made googly eyes or paint them on to make the spider's face. You can also add fangs. If you want the spider to be larger, you can use two egg carton pieces for the body, and then glue on a ping pong ball or something similar to form the spider's head. Make a spider web. If you want a web or two for all the spiders you're making, you have many options: A string web is made by weaving a web using string and a wire frame, and then gluing the cutting out the round part of the web. You then hang the web from the ceiling using another piece of string. (Paper or light plastic spiders go well on this web.) A pipe cleaner web is made from twisting together 4 pipe cleaners and then working outward until you've reached the desired web size. (Pipe cleaner spiders go well with this web.) A doily web is ideally made of crocheted doilies that have been sprayed black. Use string to attach the doilies to a transparent or loosely woven sheet, keeping space between them so that they look like different webs. A cheesecloth web will look like an old abandoned cobweb. You cut it into the shapes you want, and then gently pull on it so that the strings come apart and look more web-like. Then you hang it from your ceiling/on your walls/in your windows. Make a Halloween wreath. Add Halloween-themed items to a plain wreath to dress it up. You can purchase a pre-made wreath base, or you can make a wreath from scratch with Evergreen tree branches , twigs , or burlap. To make the wreath look extra Halloweeny, spray paint it black, orange, purple, silver, grey — or any other color you'd like. Use a hot glue gun (or have your parents help you) to glue black tulle, orange feathers, fake eyeballs, fake spiders, or other Halloween-y items into the wreath. Make glowing ping pong ball decorations. For this you only need felt pens, ping pong balls, electric tea lights, and something sharp to poke holes into the ping pong balls with (scissors or a screwdriver will work). Just draw on the ping pong balls and then pop them on top of an electric tea light and turn it on to see them glow and flicker. Creepy eyeballs and faces are good choices for this craft! Another option is to attach pipecleaners to the sides of a ping pong ball and make it look like a spider — a glowing spider, that is! Make paper bats. Bats, like spiders, are another popular creature featured in Halloween decorations. Use construction paper or card stock to make bat-shaped cut-outs that you can hang around your house. You might even use a large bat-shaped cut-out as the base of a Halloween-themed collage.	Make a Jack O'Lantern. Decorate a pumpkin. Grow a pumpkin patch. Make a fake pumpkin patch. . Make paper pumpkin cut-outs. . Make a pumpkin collage. Make a pumpkin wreath. Make mini-pumpkin candle holders. . Make a witch hat decoration. Get creative with your witch hats. Make paper witch decorations. Make witch legs. Make dangling witch legs. Make lollipop witch brooms. Make fabric ghosts. Make paper cut-out ghosts. Make use of your bedsheets. Make a ghost out of cheesecloth and fabric stiffener. Make a ghost out of a styrofoam head, a wire hanger, and some fabric. Make spider-shaped paper cut-outs. Make a spider from repurposed items. Make a spider web. Make a Halloween wreath. Make glowing ping pong ball decorations. Make paper bats.
https://www.wikihow.com/Take-Orthostatic-Blood-Pressure	How to Take Orthostatic Blood Pressure	Orthostatic blood pressure is the difference in blood pressure after someone stands up. This is important for people whose blood pressure drops when they get up or sit down, often accompanied by lightheadedness and dizziness. To take someone's orthostatic blood pressure, you'll need to take readings with them lying down and standing, then work out the difference. First, have them lie down for 5 minutes. Then, measure their systolic and diastolic blood pressures and their radial pulse. Hold a stethoscope to their brachial artery, which is inside their upper arm, to help you time the diastolic reading. After you've recorded their readings, have them stand. Then, take all 3 readings again and record these. Wait another 2 minutes, and then take a second set of standing readings. To work out if your patient has orthostatic hypotension, subtract the first standing values from the lying down ones and subtract the second standing values from the lying down ones. If the systolic pressure decreases by 20 mm Hg between the 2 adjusted readings, or if the diastolic pressure decreases by 10 mm Hg, they likely have orthostatic hypotension.	Ask the person to lie down for five minutes. He should be completely flat on a table, bed or couch. Wrap the sphygmomanometer, or blood pressure gauge, armband firmly around the person's upper right arm and secure it with the Velcro strip. Place your stethoscope over the brachial artery. With the blood pressure cuff wrapped around the person's arm, have her palm facing upwards and place the stethoscope on the inside of the elbow. The stethoscope has a large surface area, so placing it on the inside surface of the elbow should ensure that it covers the brachial artery, which travels through that area. You will be listening to sounds in the brachial artery as your way to measure blood pressure. Inflate the armband with the pump. Generally you should inflate it to around 200 as your starting number, and gradually deflate it from there. As the cuff deflates, look for the systolic blood pressure reading. Systolic blood pressure is the force of the blood pumping through the arteries, and it is usually between 110 and 140. You will recognize the reading for the systolic blood pressure at the moment you begin to hear the "thump" sounds in your stethoscope. This is the sound of blood flowing through the brachial artery. Keep note of this number in your head as you continue listening while the cuff deflates. Record the diastolic reading after the sound clears. This number should be lower, usually between 60 and 90. It is the pressure on the arteries between heartbeats. Write the systolic blood pressure number, a slash, and then the diastolic blood pressure number. Both are measured in millimeters of mercury, or mm Hg. For example, you might write “120/70 mm Hg.” Finish by taking the radial pulse reading. This is the pulse you find by placing your index and middle finger over the inside right wrist. When you feel the patient's pulse, watch your clock or watch for exactly 60 seconds and count the beats. Most people have a pulse between 60 and 100 beats per minute (BPM). If the patient's pulse is above this, he may not be able to stand and continue the test. Write down the pulse (or heart rate), and then prepare yourself for the next portions of the test where you will ask the person to stand. Ask the person to stand. Ensure that she has support to lean on if she is unstable on her feet. Ask them to hold on to something with her left arm so that you can take blood pressure and pulse on the right arm. Wait until the patient is stable, but you must take the tests as soon as possible (within the first minute) after standing. Inform the person that if she is feeling lightheaded or faint at any point she should let you know, so that you can sit her down. Although she needs to be standing in order for the test to be successfully performed, you do not want to do this at the expense of them passing out. Pump up the arm band again. Take a systolic and diastolic blood pressure reading, and record both of these values. Also repeat the pulse test and write down your results. Wait two minutes. The patient should continue to stand. Two minutes after the first standing measurement (and after three minutes total of standing), a second standing blood pressure value should be obtained. Inflate the cuff again and record the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. In normal physiology, the person's systolic and diastolic readings should be higher in the second standing reading than they were in the first, as the body has had more time to compensate for the change in posture. Take one last measurement of the patient’s pulse (measure at the wrist). Write down your findings. Ask the person to sit back down as you calculate blood pressure changes and look over the results. Evaluate the results. Subtract the standing (1 minute) values from the laying down readings. Also subtract the standing (3 minute) values from the laying down values, for a comparison and to see how quickly the body adapts. Judge whether the person is likely to be suffering from orthostatic hypotension. If the systolic pressure decreases by 20 mm Hg or if the diastolic pressure decreases by 10 mm Hg, they likely have this condition. Note that the condition is diagnosed based on the 1 minute standing blood pressure, not the 3 minute one (the 3 minute one simply provides a comparison to see how quickly the body adapts when given more time to stand). Also consider whether the patient's pulse increases by a normal rate. It is usual for the pulse to increase by 10 to 15 beats per minute. However, if the beats increase by 20 beats per minute or more, she should see a doctor for further evaluation. Consider the person's symptoms. Regardless of the difference between the blood pressure values lying down and standing, if the person feels lightheaded and/or dizzy consistently upon standing he needs to be seen by a doctor for a professional evaluation of what may be causing these symptoms. The diagnosis of "orthostatic hypotension" can be based on these symptoms alone, regardless of the difference in numerical blood pressure values, so it is important to ask the person about any symptoms he may be experiencing when he suddenly stands. Understand why it is important to measure orthostatic blood pressure. Having "orthostatic hypotension" (low blood pressure immediately upon standing) is very common, particularly among the elderly. It leads to symptoms such as light-headedness and/or dizziness upon standing, and it poses the risk of someone passing out when she stands up due to insufficient blood flow. It is important to be aware of "orthostatic hypotension" in order to correct or improve it as best as possible. In the elderly, common causes of orthostatic hypotension include medications the person is taking, dehydration, insufficient salt consumption (although too much salt can lead to overly elevated blood pressure), or simply a delayed response of the blood pressure after standing, which, to some degree, correlates with the natural aging process. Orthostatic hypotension is far less common in young people. However, it can sometimes occur as the result of other diseases (Parkinson's disease, paraneoplastic syndromes, etc.), extreme dehydration, or large amounts of blood loss secondary to trauma.	Ask the person to lie down for five minutes. Place your stethoscope over the brachial artery. Inflate the armband with the pump. Record the diastolic reading after the sound clears. Finish by taking the radial pulse reading. Ask the person to stand. Pump up the arm band again. Wait two minutes. Take one last measurement of the patient’s pulse (measure at the wrist). Evaluate the results. Consider the person's symptoms. Understand why it is important to measure orthostatic blood pressure.
https://www.wikihow.com/Put-Tissue-Paper-in-a-Gift-Bag	How to Put Tissue Paper in a Gift Bag	To put tissue paper in a gift bag, start by opening each sheet of paper fully and using a few sheets to line the inside of the the bag, so that the tops are sticking out a bit. Next, put your gift into the bag so it's surrounded by tissue. Then, loosely bunch 2 more sheets of tissue and tuck it into the top of the bag so it covers the gift. Finally, add a bow on the bag or tie the handles together with a piece of ribbon.	Collect your materials. You will need tissue paper, the gift, ribbons or embellishments, a gift bag, and a card. You will need several colors of tissue paper that complement the color of the gift bag. Colored tissue paper makes a gift more festive! Make sure your gift bag is appropriate for the occasion. If you are going to curl ribbon to add as a decoration, you will need scissors to curl ribbon or pre-curled ribbon. Open each sheet of tissue paper completely. This will give the paper more volume and presence as you are adding it to the bag. When you give the paper volume by opening it completely, it will make the gift bag look full. Do this carefully. Tissue paper is thin and prone to wrinkling and tearing. It is best to do this on a flat surface such as a table or the floor. Line the bottom and sides of the gift bag. Arrange the sheets of tissue paper so they extend out the top. Alternate colors of tissue paper to give your gift some flare. You can place the different colored tissue paper in one sheet at a time, each sheet perpendicular to the last to give the look of alternating colors coming out of the top of the bag. After you've placed all the lining sheets into the bag, you can arrange the parts of paper coming out of the top of the bag to make sure they look right. Place the gift(s) in the bag. Make sure you can't see them through the sides of the bag if your bag is transparent. Be careful as you do this to prevent wrinkling or tearing the tissue paper you just put into the bag. Make sure your gift bag is the appropriate size for the gift. Bunch one or two sheets of tissue loosely to cover the gift. No part of the gift should be visible. Place these in the bag neatly so you don't give the appearance of rushed wrapping. Inspect the wrapped package. The tissue paper should not look wrinkled, torn, or placed in the bag haphazardly. No part of the gift should be visible or distort the shape of the gift bag. Add your card and embellishments. You can place a card inside the bag or attach it with tape onto the outside of the bag. Ribbons and bows can be added to the handle of the bag to add a creative twist. You can also add a gift tag with your name and the recipient's on it for easy identification. This can come in quite handy at showers and holiday events with many gifts. Gather your materials. You will need tissue paper, your gift, a gift bag, any embellishments, your card and gift tag. You will need several sheets of white paper to wrap around the gift first, then colored tissue to line the gift bag. You will need several colors of tissue paper that complement the color of the gift bag. Colored tissue paper makes a gift more festive! Make sure your gift bag is appropriate for the occasion. If you are going to curl ribbon to add as a decoration, you will need scissors to curl ribbon. Alternatively, you can use pre-curled ribbon or a pre-made bow. Wrap the present loosely in white tissue paper. This will keep it from being seen once it is placed in bag. You do not need to tape the packet of tissue paper closed. If the gift is fragile, you should use multiple layers of white tissue paper or even newspaper to cushion the gift. Place 3 or 4 sheets of tissue paper on a flat surface. Overlap each of the them several inches, alternating colors. Use more or less paper depending on the size of the gift and gift bag. If the gift is small, use half sheets of paper. Place the wrapped gift in the center of the laid out sheets of tissue paper. This will allow your tissue paper to look evenly distributed as it sits in the gift bag. Make sure the gift is centered on the tissue paper a layers. If the gift is a long shape, place it on a diagonal. Gather up the tissue paper loosely over the gift. Take the opposite corners of the tissue paper and bring them over the gift. Lightly scrunch the paper right above the gift. Leave the rest of the paper as wrinkle free as possible. Do this step gently to avoid tearing the paper. Lift the gift from the bottom and place it in the gift bag. Be careful not to tear the paper and do not lift the gift by the paper edges. Gently arrange the tissue paper about the top of the bag to your liking. Don't overwork the paper. It will start to look wrinkled and used. Add more tissue paper, if needed. This can add more pop and color to your gift if you feel something is lacking. Lay out a sheet of tissue paper and smooth it. Place your thumb and forefinger in the center of the tissue paper and lift it. Give a flick of your wrist and use your other hand to straighten out the tissue paper. Place it in the bag on top of the gift. Use alternating colors to add variety. Add your card and gift tag. You can place the card in the bag with the gift and tissue paper. Alternatively you can place the card on the outside of the bag by taping it in place. Place your gift tab on the front of the bag or on the handle. Add any embellishments to the gift. You can add ribbons, pre-made bows and curling ribbon to add a little flare to your gift. These items can really personalize a gift and make it very festive. Don't over-do the embellishments on the gift as it will take away from the effects on your gift bag and tissue paper.	Collect your materials. Open each sheet of tissue paper completely. Line the bottom and sides of the gift bag. Place the gift(s) in the bag. Bunch one or two sheets of tissue loosely to cover the gift. Add your card and embellishments. Gather your materials. Wrap the present loosely in white tissue paper. Place 3 or 4 sheets of tissue paper on a flat surface. Place the wrapped gift in the center of the laid out sheets of tissue paper. Gather up the tissue paper loosely over the gift. Lift the gift from the bottom and place it in the gift bag. Add more tissue paper, if needed. Add your card and gift tag. Add any embellishments to the gift.
https://www.wikihow.pet/Treat-Hearing-Loss-in-Senior-Cats	How to Treat Hearing Loss in Senior Cats	To treat hearing loss in your senior cat, take your cat to the vet as soon as you notice symptoms, like wax build-up or discharge in the ears, or anxiety when you enter the room. At the appointment, ask your vet to remove excess wax or prescribe an ointment for an infection. You should also ask your vet if the hearing loss is related to any medication your cat is taking. Once you return home, turn on lights before entering a room to avoid startling your cat, and put a small bell on its collar so you can easily locate it.	Bring your cat to the vet twice a year and at the first sign of problems. Having a vet examine your senior cat at least twice a year is essential to maintaining its overall health. In addition, you should bring it to the vet as soon as you notice signs of hearing loss or ear infection. If your cat has a chronic medical condition, its vet might recommend more frequent visits. Change your cat's medication if it is causing hearing loss. Medications, such as some antibiotics and diuretics, can cause hearing loss in cats. If your cat is on any medications, ask the vet it they are related to its hearing loss. Ask, “Is it possible that one of my cat's medications caused its hearing loss? Can you recommend an alternative medication with less significant side effects?” Treat any hearing problems not related to aging. Hearing loss can be related to a variety of causes not directly related to age, like wax, infection, or mites. The vet might simply have to remove excess wax buildup in the outer ear and canal. To treat an infection or ear mite infestation, they will most likely prescribe an ointment or oral medication. Test for and treat hyperthyroidism. An overactive thyroid gland, or hyperthyroidism, is common in middle-aged and senior cats and can cause ear, eye, kidney, and heart problems. The vet will check your cat's neck for enlarged glands and administer a blood test. Treatment often includes a prescription medication to regulate hormone levels in the short term and, depending on your cat's heart and kidney function, surgery or radioactive-iodine therapy. Signs of hyperthyroidism include weight loss despite increased appetite, increased thirst and urination, vomiting, diarrhea, and hyperactivity. Ask about hereditary deafness if your cat has blue eyes. Up to 85% of white cats with blue eyes are born deaf or hearing impaired in at least one ear. If your cat is white and has at least one blue eye, ask the vet if they suspect that its hearing loss is an inherited disorder. There is no treatment available for hereditary hearing loss, but you can take steps to make your cat more comfortable. Gently touch your cat if you need to wake it, clap or stomp to make vibrations, and turn lights on before entering a room to avoid startling your cat. Discuss the pros and cons of hearing aids. Ask the vet if they think your cat might tolerate having hearing aids. While dogs usually do well with hearing aids, most cats don't like having a foreign object in their ear. Most cats fitted for hearing aids end up scratching them out and losing the device, so vets generally recommend against them. Keep your cat indoors. If you have an indoor/outdoor senior cat with hearing loss, you should stop letting it go outside. All cats, especially those that are deaf or hearing impaired, are safer indoors. A deaf or hearing impaired cat is less likely to evade threats like automobiles or aggressive animals. Use light and vibrations to avoid startling your deaf cat. Turn lights on before entering a room. A deaf cat can still feel vibrations, so stomp and clap to announce your presence and avoid startling it. If possible, keep carpeting and rugs to a minimum so your cat can sense more vibrations through the hard floor. Place a small bell on its collar so you can easily locate it. A deaf or hearing impaired cat won't be able to respond to you when you call for it. To prevent it from getting lost or stuck in a hiding spot, you can attach a small bell to its collar. That way, you can easily locate your cat without having to search the entire house. Put an ID tag that says "I am deaf" on your cat's collar. Then, if your cat ever gets out, anyone who finds it will know it's deaf. You can also include your phone number and/or address on the tag so people know how to contact you if they find your cat. Check inside your cat's ears regularly. Regardless of your cat's age, you should look inside its ears weekly with a flashlight. Check for wax buildup, redness, discharges, and smell for foul odors that indicate infection. Look for tiny, pinhead-sized mites moving within the ear. If you see any of these signs or if your cat constantly scratches at its ears, bring it to the vet as soon as possible. Look for behavioral changes that indicate hearing loss. Notice if your cat seems unusually aggressive or fearful when you enter a room. This could indicate that it's losing its hearing, didn't hear you enter, and was startled. Other behavioral changes include unusually excessive vocalization, failure to respond to being called, and ignoring a food can being opened or other sounds that would otherwise get its attention. Tear or crackle a piece of paper or tin foil. If you suspect your cat is experiencing hearing loss, you can issue tests at home to be sure. While it's sleeping or not looking, tear paper or tin foil and see if it responds. You can also jingle your keys or a small change jar. These noises will test its ability to hear high frequency sounds. Tap a box to make a low drumming noise. When it's not looking or while it's sleeping, get a cardboard box or other hollow object. Tap it and see if your cat responds to the noise. Drumming sounds will test its ability to hear low frequency pitches. Bring your cat to the vet for a more accurate diagnosis, and let them know the results of your high and low frequency pitch tests.	Bring your cat to the vet twice a year and at the first sign of problems. Change your cat's medication if it is causing hearing loss. Treat any hearing problems not related to aging. Test for and treat hyperthyroidism. Ask about hereditary deafness if your cat has blue eyes. Discuss the pros and cons of hearing aids. Keep your cat indoors. Use light and vibrations to avoid startling your deaf cat. Place a small bell on its collar so you can easily locate it. Put an ID tag that says "I am deaf" on your cat's collar. Check inside your cat's ears regularly. Look for behavioral changes that indicate hearing loss. Tear or crackle a piece of paper or tin foil. Tap a box to make a low drumming noise.
https://www.wikihow.com/Create-a-Fake-Facebook-Profile	How to Create a Fake Facebook Profile	To create a fake Facebook profile using your computer, start by setting up a new email account to link to the profile. Next, sign up for Facebook using your new email, a fake name, and a fake birthday. To seem less suspicious, pick a name that was popular during the birth year you chose. Also, add some believable likes and interests to your profile, but try not to overdo it by getting too specific, or you could get caught in a lie. Furthermore, avoid showing your actual face or revealing details that could connect the fake account to you. Instead, consider making your profile picture a photo of someone's pet, for example. Just make sure it's an original photo and not an image from Google, so you don't get caught stealing content.	Set up a new email account. You shouldn't use an existing personal email address for your fake profile; instead, create a brand-new email address that you use only for your fake account. Refrain from using your fake email for any services that tie back to you (e.g., login information for a bank account or a subscription service). Use a different email service than the one that you use for your normal Facebook account. For example, if you use Gmail on your current account, create a Yahoo or Outlook address for the fake account. Determine an identity. You don't need to enter very much personal information on Facebook, but you should have a few things in mind: Likes and interests — Draft a list of things in which your alias is interested. Hobbies, daily activities, and favorite entertainment should be on your mind. Date of birth — Pick a DOB that correlates with your projected age. Depending on the likes and interests you choose to put on your profile, this will vary. Name — Pick a name that's common enough that it doesn't draw attention, but not so common that it raises suspicion. Avoid common aliases (e.g., "John Smith"). Consider picking a name what was popular during your "birth year" here. Understand the "less is more" rule. Adding believable details that no one can verify—such as photos, interests, and an appropriate current location—is fine, but don't overdo it. Adding details that people can verify as inaccurate will detract from your profile's credibility and ultimately give it away as fake. For example, don't list a specific school or workplace on your account, as determining whether or not someone actually attended a school or frequents a workplace is fairly easy. The more vague your profile's details are, the more believable those details will be. Limit the number of similarities between you and your fake profile. Your fake profile's current location, age, name, interests, job, and so on should vary noticeably from your actual profile. Additionally, the manner in which you interact with people should be different. For example, if you use proper grammar and punctuation on your real account, try using poor grammar or capitalization on your fake profile. Things like your age and your interests are impossible for anyone else to verify, so feel free to make these up without fear of anyone catching on. You'll also want to refrain from adding more than one or two people you know on your fake profile, and never add two people who you wouldn't know if you hadn't been in a specific place (e.g., a college) or event. Use real photos. Pulling photos off of Google is a guaranteed way to get caught stealing content, so you'll have to take and upload original photos to your profile. Make sure that there aren't any identifying aspects of that photos that will give away your actual location. For example, you might upload a picture of a generic-looking meadow instead of a shot of a street in your city. Avoid showing your actual face. Naturally, you don't want anyone to be able to match your actual face to the fake account. For this reason, you'll want to avoid posting photos of yourself. This goes for photos of your friends and family as well. Plenty of people use pictures of their pets (or, in your case, someone else's pets), so refusing to show your actual face isn't suspicious. Add friends. It doesn't matter how convincing your fake profile is if no one is around to interact with it, so add some friends! Try to add people from the area in which your profile says you live, as well as people from groups or interests that you've listed on your profile. Keep in mind that harassing people with your fake account, apart from being wrong, may result in your account being suspended. Like pages. Clicking the Like button next to pages your profile might feasibly enjoy will add those pages to your profiles "Likes". This is an easy way to add more depth to your profile. Show, don't tell. People rarely talk about things like their personalities and other mundane topics; explicitly stating facts about yourself in hopes of filling in the blanks about your profile will only serve as a red flag for people in your Friends list. You can instead demonstrate things about your personality by adding information to your profile's "About" section, liking pages, updating your interests, and so on. Limit your Messenger communication with others. This is another case in which the "less is more" rule applies: the more you have to talk about yourself or your activities, the easier it will be for another user to discover that your account is fake. Unless you absolutely have to discuss something with another Facebook user in private, consider avoiding Messenger entirely. If you do use Messenger, remember to stick to grammar and other communication methods you've established in your posts (e.g., use casual, informal grammar in Messenger if that's how you post). Stay active. Most people who use Facebook are fairly active on their account throughout the day, so make sure that you're adding friends, liking content, uploading once in awhile, and occasionally updating your work or contact details. You can use your browser's incognito mode to log into your fake profile without having to log out of your real profile. If you want to take a break from your fake Facebook account, consider posting a status such as "Going on vacation for a bit". You can even upload photos from your "vacation" the next time you log on. Posting life events every once in a while will lend credibility to your updates. For example, you might post a one-year anniversary for your job. Open Facebook. Go to https://www.facebook.com/. This will open your News Feed page if you're logged in. If you aren't logged into Facebook, skip ahead to the "Enter a first and last name" step. Click . It's a small triangle in the far-right side of the dark-blue bar that's at the top of the Facebook page. Clicking it prompts a drop-down menu. Click Log Out. You'll find this at the bottom of the drop-down menu. You should now be logged out of your profile. Enter a first and last name. Type the first name for your fake account into the "First name" text field, then type in the fake last name in the "Last name" field. Add your fake email address. Type it into the "Mobile number or email" field, then re-enter it in the "Re-enter email" field below. Enter a password. Type the password that you want to use into the "New password" text field. Set your birthday. Click the month drop-down box and select your alias' birthday's month, then repeat this step for the day and year drop-down boxes. Select a gender. Check the "Male" or "Female" box near the bottom of the "Sign Up" section. Facebook currently doesn't have any other gender options here. Click Sign Up. It's a green button at the bottom of the "Sign Up" section. Doing so creates your Facebook profile. Verify your email address. Open the fake email address that you used to create the profile, click the "XXXXX is your Facebook confirmation code" email from Facebook, and click the Confirm Your Account button in the email. This will verify your account, at which point you're free to begin building your fake profile. If prompted, enter the five-digit code that's listed in the subject line of the email from Facebook before you begin creating your account. Open Facebook. Tap the Facebook app icon, which resembles a white "F" in a blue box. This will open your News Feed if you're logged in. If you aren't logged into Facebook, skip ahead to the "Tap Sign Up for Facebook' " step. Tap ☰. It's either in the bottom-right corner of the screen (iPhone) or the top-right corner of the screen. Scroll down and tap Log Out. This is at the bottom of the menu. Tap Sign Up for Facebook. It's a link at the bottom of the screen. Doing so begins the account creation process. Tap Get Started. It's a blue button in the middle of the pop-up window. Enter your fake email address. Tap the "Enter your email address" text field, then type in the email address that you want to use. Tap Continue. It's below the email address text field. Add your fake first and last name. Tap the "First name" field, type in the profile's fake first name, and then tap the "Last name" field and type in the last name. Tap Continue. Create a password. Tap the "Password" text field, then type in a password that you want to use. Tap Continue. Set your birthday. Select a month, day, and year for your profile's fake date of birth. Tap Continue. Select a gender. Tap either Female or Male ; your Facebook profile will be created after doing so. While there isn't an Other or Prefer not to say option, you can hide your selected gender from your profile later if necessary. If you're prompted for a verification code, open the email address that you used to create your Facebook account, look for the code in the subject line of the email from Facebook, and enter the code on the Facebook prompt.	Set up a new email account. Determine an identity. Understand the "less is more" rule. Limit the number of similarities between you and your fake profile. Use real photos. Avoid showing your actual face. Add friends. Like pages. Show, don't tell. Limit your Messenger communication with others. Stay active. Open Facebook. Click . Click Log Out. Enter a first and last name. Add your fake email address. Enter a password. Set your birthday. Select a gender. Click Sign Up. Verify your email address. Open Facebook. Tap ☰. Scroll down and tap Log Out. Tap Sign Up for Facebook. Tap Get Started. Enter your fake email address. Tap Continue. Add your fake first and last name. Tap Continue. Create a password. Tap Continue. Set your birthday. Tap Continue. Select a gender.
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Substitute-Baking-Powder	How to Make Substitute Baking Powder	To substitute baking powder in a recipe, start by adding 1 teaspoon of baking soda to the dry ingredients for every 3 teaspoons of baking powder the recipe calls. Then, add 1/4 teaspoon of lemon juice to the wet ingredients for every 1 teaspoon of baking soda you used. Finally, combine the dry and wet ingredients according to your recipe and voila! The lemon juice and baking powder will react with each other and create a baking powder substitute.	Mix 1 tbsp (14 g) of baking soda with 2 tbsp (10 g) of cream of tartar. Use a small whisk to thoroughly sift the powders together. The cream of tartar causes a reaction with the baking soda and forms baking powder. Cream of tartar can be found in the baking aisle of your local grocery store. Store the mix in an airtight container if you’re not using it right away. Use a resealable plastic container and store it in your pantry. Make sure no moisture gets inside the container since your baking powder could clump. Baking powder can be stored indefinitely. You can check if your baking soda is fresh by pouring hot water on it and seeing if it bubbles. Add 1 tsp (3 g) of corn starch to prevent clumps. If you don't plan to use your baking powder right away, it will start to clump up and be hard to use. Stir in 1 tsp (3 g) of corn starch with a whisk to prevent clumping. Add 1 tsp (4.6 g) of baking soda to the dry ingredients of your batter. Whisk the baking soda thoroughly with the rest of the dry ingredients in a mixing bowl. Pour 1⁄4 tsp (1.2 mL) of lemon juice into the wet ingredients. Keep the wet ingredients, like eggs or milk, in another mixing bowl separate from the dry ingredients. Lemon juice can affect the flavor of your baked goods if you use too much. If you don't want added citrus flavor, do not use lemon juice. Mix the dry and wet ingredients according to the recipe. Stir all the ingredients together in a mixing bowl. This combines the lemon juice and baking powder, causing the reaction that creates baking powder. This creates a single-acting baking powder. Store-bought baking powder is usually double-acting, meaning it leavens your batter when it's first mixed and when it cooks. Cook the batter once you mix in the baking powder. Add 1 tsp (4.6 g) of baking soda to your dry ingredients. Keep the dry and wet ingredients in separate mixing bowls. Use a whisk to mix the baking soda entirely into the other dry ingredients. Use either ½ cup (122.5 g) of Greek yogurt or 1⁄2 c (120 mL) of buttermilk. Both types of dairy are fermented and can trigger the reaction needed to make baking powder. Make sure to use plain, unflavored dairy so it doesn't affect the flavor of your baked goods and mix it with the rest of your wet ingredients. Check the dairy section of your local grocer for Greek yogurt or buttermilk. Reduce the other liquids used in your recipe to account for the dairy. Buttermilk and yogurt will make your batter runnier if you don't change the amounts of the other ingredients. Adjust the amounts of your other wet ingredients until you remove ⁄ 2 c (120 mL). If there are other dairy products in your recipe, reduce their amounts first. Then adjust the levels of any extracts or flavorings you would normally add to the recipe. This may affect the flavor and bake of your recipe. Combine the wet and dry ingredients according to the recipe. Mix all the ingredients together in 1 of the mixing bowls. This starts the reaction between the dairy and baking soda to make baking powder. Use the batter right away to get the baking powder's full effect.	Mix 1 tbsp (14 g) of baking soda with 2 tbsp (10 g) of cream of tartar. Store the mix in an airtight container if you’re not using it right away. Add 1 tsp (3 g) of corn starch to prevent clumps. Add 1 tsp (4.6 g) of baking soda to the dry ingredients of your batter. Pour 1⁄4 tsp (1.2 mL) of lemon juice into the wet ingredients. Mix the dry and wet ingredients according to the recipe. Add 1 tsp (4.6 g) of baking soda to your dry ingredients. Use either ½ cup (122.5 g) of Greek yogurt or 1⁄2 c (120 mL) of buttermilk. Reduce the other liquids used in your recipe to account for the dairy. Combine the wet and dry ingredients according to the recipe.
https://www.wikihow.com/Calculate-Opportunity-Cost	How to Calculate Opportunity Cost	To calculate opportunity cost, identify your different options and their potential returns. Do this by calculating how much interest they will earn or how much money they will save. Then, subtract the potential gain of the chosen option from the potential gain of the most lucrative option. For example, if option A could earn you $100, and option B could earn you $80, then option B has an opportunity cost of $20 because $100 minus $80 is $20.	Identify your different options. When faced with a choice between two options, calculate the potential returns of both options. Since you can only choose one option, you forfeit the potential returns from the other option. That loss is your opportunity cost. For example, suppose your company has $100,000 in extra funds, and you have to decide between investing in securities or purchasing new capital equipment. If you decide to invest in the securities, you may see a return on that investment. But, you forfeit any profit you might have earned from purchasing new equipment. On the other hand, if you decide to purchase new equipment, you may see a return on that investment in the form of increased sales. But, you forfeit any profit you might have earned from investing in the securities. Calculate the potential returns on each option. Research each option and estimate the financial return on each. In the above example, suppose the expected return on the investment in the stock market is 12 percent. Your potential return is $12,000. The new equipment, on the other hand, might result in a 10 percent increase in your profit margin. Your potential return for that investment would be $10,000. Choose the best option. Sometimes the best option is not the most lucrative, especially in the short term. Decide which option is best for you based on long term goals, not just on the potential return. The company in the above example may choose to invest the funds in new equipment instead of the stock market. Although the stock market investment has the higher potential return in the short term, the new equipment will allow them to increase efficiency and lower opportunity costs. This will have a long term impact on their profit margin. Calculate the opportunity cost. The opportunity cost is the difference between the most lucrative option and the chosen option. In the above example, the most lucrative option is investing in the securities, which has a potential return of $12,000. The option the company chose, however, was to invest in new equipment, for a return of $10,000. The opportunity cost = most lucrative option – chosen option. $ 12 , 000 − $ 10 , 000 = $ 2 , 000 {\displaystyle \$12,000-\$10,000=\$2,000} The opportunity cost of choosing to purchase new equipment is $2,000. Establish the capital structure of your business. Capital structure is how a company funds its operations and growth. It is a mix of the company's debt and equity. Debt can be in the form of bonds issued or loans from financial institutions. Equity can be in the form of stock or retained earnings. Companies must evaluate opportunity cost when choosing between debt and equity. If a company chooses to borrow money to fund an expansion, then the money used to repay the principal and interest on the loan is not available to be invested into stocks. The company must evaluate the opportunity cost to see if the expansion made possible with the debt will generate enough revenue in the long term to justify passing on the stock investments. Evaluate non-financial resources. Opportunity cost is often calculated to evaluate financial decisions. However, companies can use opportunity cost to govern their use of other resources, such as man hours, time or mechanical output. Opportunity cost can be defined with any resource that is limited in the company. Companies must make decisions about how to allocate these resources to different projects. The time spent on one project is taken away from something else. Suppose, for example, a furniture company with 450 available man hours per week uses 10 man hours per chair to produce 45 chairs per week. They decide to produce 10 sofas per week that take 15 man hours per sofa. This will use 150 man hours and produce 10 sofas. They will have 300 hours left to produce chairs, which will yield 30 chairs. The opportunity cost of the 10 sofas, therefore, is 15 chairs ( 45 − 30 = 15 ) {\displaystyle (45-30=15)}. Determine what your time is worth if you are an entrepreneur. If you are an entrepreneur, you will spend all of your time at your new business. However, this is time that you could have spent working at a different job. This is your opportunity cost. If you have high earning potential in a different line of work, you must decide whether or not it is worthwhile for you to open your new business. For example, suppose you are a chef earning $23 per hour and you decide to leave your job to open your own restaurant. Before you ever earn a penny from the new business, you will spend time buying food, hiring staff, renting the building and opening the restaurant. You will eventually earn revenues, but the opportunity cost will be how much you would have earned working at your old job during all of that time. Decide whether or not to hire a housekeeper. Identify which household chores are using up your time. Decide whether the time spent on these chores takes away from time spent doing something else that you consider more valuable. Chores such as laundry and cleaning may interfere with work if you work from home a lot. Also, time spent on housework may hinder your ability to partake in other more enjoyable activities, such as being with your children or pursuing a hobby. Calculate the financial opportunity cost. Suppose you work from home and earn $25 per hour. If you hired a housekeeper, you would have pay $20 per hour. The opportunity cost of doing the housework yourself is $5 per hour ( $ 25 − $ 20 = $ 5 ) {\displaystyle (\$25-\$20=\$5)}. Calculate the opportunity cost in time. Suppose you spend 5 hours each Saturday on laundry, food shopping and cleaning. If a housekeeper came once per week to clean and help with laundry, you would only have to spend 3 hours on Saturday finishing the laundry and food shopping. The opportunity cost of doing the housework yourself is 2 hours. Determine the true cost of going to college. Suppose you are going to pay $4,000 per year to attend an in-state college. The government will subsidy an additional $8,000 for your tuition. But, you must also factor in the opportunity cost of not working while you're in college. Suppose you could earn $20,000 per year at a job instead of going to college. This means that the true cost of a year of college is the tuition plus the opportunity cost of not working. The total tuition is the amount you pay ($4,000) plus the government subsidy ($8,000), which equals a total of $12,000. The opportunity cost of not working is $20,000. Therefore, the total cost of a year of college is $ 12 , 000 + $ 20 , 000 = $ 32 , 000 {\displaystyle \$12,000+\$20,000=\$32,000}. Other opportunity costs associated with going to college include the value of four years' real-world work experience, the value of time spent on studying instead of other activities, or the value of what you could have purchased with the money you spent on tuition or the interest that money could have earned if you had invested it. However, consider the other side of the coin. Median weekly earnings is $400 higher for a person with a college degree than for a person with only a high school diploma. If you decide not to go to college, the opportunity cost is the value of your future increased earnings. Recognize opportunity costs in daily choices. Whenever you make a choice, you are foregoing something else. The opportunity cost is the value of the option you do not choose. That value can refer to something personal, financial or environmental. If you choose to buy a new car instead of a used car, the opportunity cost is the money you could have saved on the used car and how you could have used that money differently. Suppose you decide to spend your tax return on a family vacation instead of saving or investing the money. The opportunity cost is the value of the savings account interest or the potential return on an investment. Remember that the value does not necessarily just refer to money or tangible assets. Consider how a choice will impact your intangible assets, such as happiness, health, and your free time.	Identify your different options. Calculate the potential returns on each option. Choose the best option. Calculate the opportunity cost. Establish the capital structure of your business. Evaluate non-financial resources. Determine what your time is worth if you are an entrepreneur. Decide whether or not to hire a housekeeper. Determine the true cost of going to college. Recognize opportunity costs in daily choices.
https://www.wikihow.com/Cope-With-Feelings-of-Love-for-the-Wrong-Person-at-the-Wrong-Time	How to Cope With Feelings of Love for the Wrong Person at the Wrong Time	Loving the wrong person at the wrong time can be painful, but by focusing on your own life, you can start to move on. If you find yourself feeling down or worthless, try reminding yourself of your best qualities. Remember that no one else determines your value and you don't need anyone else to be happy. Distract yourself with the hobbies and interests you love. Exercise can also be a great way to take your mind off it and help you feel good about yourself. If you can't stop thinking about the person, try talking to a friend or family member you trust about it. Or, write your feelings down in a journal to help get them out of your head.	Notice how you feel when you’re around him. No matter how sure you are that he's the right one for you, if you have a nagging sense that something's wrong, it might be. Not every love story is perfect, but the first step of a healthy relationship is honest evaluation. If your relationship can't stand up to deliberate scrutiny, you are hiding yourself from facing the truth about it. Talking to a friend may be helpful during this process. Many times, a friend will be able to help you see things about your relationship that you've avoided. Pay attention to what your friends and family think. If you notice that your family avoids talking about your beau, and your friends keep their distance, this is a sign that you're in love with the wrong person. These are people who care about you, and about your well being. Talk to them about their concerns. Try to listen without defending yourself or the person you're in love with. It's in your best interest to hear what they have to say, so keep quiet and listen while they talk to you. Your friends and family will have noticed if the person you love hasn't been treating you with respect. Try to visualize the future with the person. If you're having trouble seeing what a realistic future would look like together, you probably already know that it's time to move on. If you can't realistically see your lives together in 5 or 10 years, it might be because you're in love with the wrong person. Some people can be very fun to be with in the moment, but that doesn't mean that you're obligated to stay with the person forever. Sometimes it's just the wrong time for a long-term commitment. Another sign might be that you continually find yourself daydreaming about what your life might be like without the other person in it. In this case, it might be time to make that dream come true. Recognize the signs of rejection. Sometimes the person you love doesn't love you back, and it's up to you to accept this. It will be easier to accept when you realize that his lack of love has more to do with him and his life than it does with you. Maybe he's become involved with drinking or drugs, or has problems with depression, or is upset or otherwise self-absorbed. Maybe he's realized that he's not in love with you, and there's a chance he's even told you this. If he's consistently breaking his promises to you, not communicating his needs, and leaving you alone to wonder what you did wrong, these are all signs of rejection. Try to realize that if this is the case, there's really nothing you can do about it. Start to accept the situation. If you allow yourself to focus on revenge, you'll be dragging around the pain of this situation for years to come. Instead, accept that pain is an inevitable consequence of your current situation. As you move forward, you'll be able to learn from your experience, and grow as a person. Work towards feeling compassion toward the person who's disappointed you. Though you may not understand the other person's decisions, you can try to accept them. Remind yourself of your own value. If it helps, use daily affirmations, or post reminders in areas you're likely to see them. Just because you've been in love with the wrong person, or have been frustrated because it's the wrong time to develop a relationship, doesn't mean that you don't have value. Remember, your life is made up of a series of experiences and encounters, not just this one. You are exactly the right person at the right time, for someone else. You may find that you're able to use this experience in rejection as a lesson in finding the right person for you. Quit feeling sorry for yourself. When you're in love with the wrong person, it's easy to feel sorry for yourself. It's a sad situation, and feelings of self-pity can provide a temporary solace. The first step is to decide that you're going to implement a zero tolerance policy towards self-pity in your life. If you notice feelings of self-pity creeping in, remind yourself of something that you feel good about. You'll probably slip into self-pity as you try to quit, because of ingrained patterns of thinking. Don't get angry at yourself; just notice when this happens, and turn your attention to something more positive. When you start to realize that self-pity isn't a solution to your problem, you're ready to try new things. Keep a gratitude journal. Forcing yourself to pay attention to the good things in your life which you might otherwise take for granted will help you counter your feelings of sadness. The best practices in keeping a gratitude journal include writing in detail about particular people you're grateful for, and recording events which were surprising or unexpected. Write without worrying about the quality of your writing in a gratitude journal. You can write in complete sentences, or you can just jot down a couple of words, ideas, or images. When you're feeling overwhelmed by negative feelings, writing a list of things that you're grateful for can help turn your attention to more positive things. You can read through your gratitude journal to give yourself a boost any time. After all, no matter how hard your life might feel at the moment, there are always things to be happy about. Consider talking to a professional. A therapist, counselor, rabbi, minister or another professional will have had experience in helping people cope with unhappy experiences of love. It can be helpful to talk to someone who doesn't have a personal investment in the situation, who can talk to you without being concerned about taking sides. Self-pity can be due to a long history of bad relationships, starting from childhood. You may need to work through these issues to start improving your relationships. You should not attempt to do this on your own. Seek help from a mental health professional who can guide you through this process. You may want to check with the therapist to see if examining your past relationships is something that he or she can help you to do. Some therapists prefer to focus on the present rather than digging up problems from your past. Keep in mind that this process can be quite painful and it will take time to complete. You can trust a professional not to share your personal information with others. Seeing a professional can be expensive, but often insurance coverage can help defray the costs. There are also clinics which offer counseling services for free or lower-cost for low income people. Learn to love yourself. When you've been involved in an unhappy love situation, you might conclude that no one wants you. However, this is a result of rejection and/or being in a bad relationship. Instead, take this opportunity to remind yourself of your positive qualities. Practicing self-love will aid the healing process of a broken heart, as it affirms your self-worth and self-esteem. If you find yourself engaging in negative self-talk, check yourself. Are these words that you would say to a loved one? If not, consider what you might say to someone whom you loved. Talk to someone you trust. There are lots of good reasons to share your feelings with another person. Talking about your frustration will help you see your relationship in a new way, which may offer solutions you hadn't thought about before. Talking with a trusted friend is a great way to release pent-up feelings, and will help you feel better. You'll likely find out that your friend has had similar experiences, which will help if you're feeling alone. Start to build your self-esteem. Low self-esteem is an unrealistically negative evaluation of yourself. People with low self-esteem are more likely to find themselves in unhappy love situations. As you develop your ability to care about yourself, you'll be less likely to feel sorry for yourself. Perhaps this is a good time to try new activities, join self-help groups, or volunteer to help someone less fortunate than yourself. Paying attention to your own feelings can help you develop self-esteem. When you don't respect your own feelings, you're left to believe whatever other people tell you you should feel. Get active. Moving your body is an excellent way to stop feeling sorry for yourself. When you force yourself to exercise and get your heart pumping, you'll start to feel better about yourself. The endorphins that come from exercise will kick in, elevating your mood. Remember the old expression, “Move a muscle, change a thought.” Exercise helps everything about your life: you'll sleep better, you'll become healthier and more fit, and you'll feel less stressed. Practice kindness to yourself. When you notice your internal dialogue (or self-talk) repeating negativity, find a way to see things in a new light. For example, if you find yourself telling yourself, “You're so stupid!” remind yourself that, “That's okay, it was just a little mistake.” If it was a big mistake, remind yourself that you'll learn from the experience. You can say, “It's human to make mistakes. I love myself anyway, and I don't have to be perfect.” Being understanding towards yourself when you make a mistake will help you heal as you cope with unreturned feelings of love. When you're in love with the wrong person, it's especially important to practice kindness to yourself. Live intentionally. This means prioritizing what you want, feel and think. People who fall in love with the wrong person often have spent more time relying on what other people want for them, rather than on what they want for themselves. If you're trying to cope with an unhappy experience of love, restore your balance by paying attention to yourself. Consider what really makes you feel happy. When do you feel most “like yourself”? Do more of these things. When you find yourself doing things that make you feel awkward, silly, or unimportant, it's okay to try to minimize these things in your life. Accept responsibility for your choices. Even though it might not feel very good, making the decision to take responsibility for the decisions you've made will help you learn and grow. After all, to be responsible for your choices is the opposite of being a victim; a victim is a powerless role. To be in charge of your own life is powerful. By taking responsibility, you'll be in a better position to learn from your choices. Even when someone else has acted badly, it's likely that you had a part to play. Talking with a therapist, a counselor, or a trusted friend can help you sort through your choices in a new way. Look for patterns in your love life. If you feel insecure in relationships or don't like to get too close to people, chances are you've been in multiple unhappy love situations. A good friend or a therapist can be a great resource in identifying patterns that cause you to seek out bad relationships. Try reading up on attachment issues to see if you're able to identify your own experiences. Seeing your behavior as a series of patterns, rather than moral failures, can help provide a nonjudgmental lens. Examine your feelings about being single. There is a lot of myth-based stigma around being single. Fears about being single can skew your priorities, allowing you to get in (and stay in!) unsatisfying relationships. People who are in bad relationships are just as lonely as people who are afraid of being single. If you're afraid of being single, you're more likely to miss warning signs that would keep you from being in a bad relationship. Protect yourself. Make sure you're practicing discernment when you choose who to let into your life. If you notice friends who appear to take pleasure in your discomfort or misfortune, you might want to consider keeping them out of your life. Cultivate friendships that help you feel nourished and protected. Your friends should be happy when things are going well for you. When you're surrounded by people who love and respect you, you're more likely to be able to love and respect yourself. Forgive yourself for past mistakes. If you've made a mistake by loving someone who's not available to love you back, you're only human. Being less hard on yourself may take some practice, but ultimately learning to forgive yourself will lead you to a more resilient life. Mistakes are only mistakes, and opportunities abound to learn from them. Consider mistakes lessons that you needed to learn. Without pain, there's little chance of growing and learning new things. Mistakes, even painful ones, are just a part of learning.	Notice how you feel when you’re around him. Pay attention to what your friends and family think. Try to visualize the future with the person. Recognize the signs of rejection. Start to accept the situation. Remind yourself of your own value. Quit feeling sorry for yourself. Keep a gratitude journal. Consider talking to a professional. Learn to love yourself. Talk to someone you trust. Start to build your self-esteem. Get active. Practice kindness to yourself. Live intentionally. Accept responsibility for your choices. Look for patterns in your love life. Examine your feelings about being single. Protect yourself. Forgive yourself for past mistakes.
https://www.wikihow.com/Diagnose-Feline-Panleukopenia-(Distemper)	How to Diagnose Feline Panleukopenia (Distemper)	To diagnose feline panleukoenia, watch for symptoms like bloody diarrhea, severe dehydration, frequent vomiting, lack of appetite, and extreme lethargy. You can also check your cat's mouth for pale-colored gums, which is another indicator. If your kitty is exhibiting these symptoms and hasn't been vaccinated against feline distemper, it's best to take it to a veterinarian immediately for diagnostic and lab testing to confirm the diagnosis.	Be on the look out for severe, bloody diarrhea. There are number of signs and symptoms which are exhibited by a cat infected with feline panleukopenia. The most obvious is usually bloody diarrhea that the cat cannot control. Diarrhea is often associated with extreme dehydration. Make sure that your cat is drinking enough water and tell your veterinarian whether it is actually drinking enough water. Your cat may even just sit at its water bowl for hours but not drink, so watch the cat carefully. Pay attention to vomiting. The virus attacks the intestinal tract, so many signs are associated with the digestive system. Your cat may not be able to keep any food down due to digestive discomfort. Even a healthy cat is likely to vomit occasionally. Vomiting due to panleukopenia is different, however, as the cat will not stop vomiting or will vomit repeatedly over a short period of time. Look at your cats gums. If you suspect your cat is sick, inspect its gums. Cats with feline panleukopenia usually have pale mucous membranes and gums. Pay attention to extreme lethargy. There are several behavioral signs of feline distemper. Problems with a cat's digestive system and overall health will impact its behavior. In the case of feline distemper, the cat will probably be exhausted. It may not move around or stick to its normal routine. This tiredness can mean that the cat won't even groom itself. Look for a lack of grooming when assessing whether you think your cat has panleukopenia. Notice a lack of appetite. A cat with feline panleukopenia will have extreme stomach and intestinal discomfort. This will probably mean that the cat is uninterested in food. If you have a cat that is always excited to eat, then this will be very noticeable. On the other hand, if you have a normally finicky eater, you may not be able to spot this symptom easily. The cat may also sit hunched over in order to alleviate digestive discomfort. Be very diligent when looking for the symptoms in kittens. This disease is particularly hard on them. Be aware that a kitten is less likely to survive the disease, so it needs urgent veterinary attention if you suspect that it is infected. Many times a kitten with feline distemper will be found suddenly dead with no real signs of the disease prior to death. Additionally, if a mother cat is infected during her pregnancy (and survives), the kittens can develop abnormally. The cerebellum of affected kittens does not form properly leading to stillbirths, weak kittens, or kittens with an abnormal gait and body tremors. Take your cat to its veterinarian. If an unvaccinated cat or kitten contracts the feline panleukopenia, there are a number of diagnostic signs and tests that can be done to determine that the disease is causing the illness. Laboratory tests, particularly a complete blood count, will help the veterinarian diagnose the disease. On the blood count test there will be a decrease in white blood cells (the cells that fight infection), low numbers of red blood cells (due to intestinal bleeding), and decreased platelets (the blood cells that cause blood to clot.) An in-clinic test can be done on the feces of suspected cats with panleukopenia by using the canine parvovirus test as panleukopenia falls into the spectrum of parvovirus. The tests will also show that the cat is dehydrated and suffering from shock. Discuss the need for additional testing with your veterinarian. There are a few other diagnostic tests that can be performed to more definitively diagnose feline panleukopenia. These are not commonly run, as with or without them the treatment your cat receives is usually the same. They are: Antibody detection tests, which detects antibodies formed by the body in response to the disease. This requires serum from the blood that is sent off to a diagnostic laboratory. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test can also be performed in a diagnostic laboratory on feces or tissues from deceased cats. Post-mortem examination (after death) of a cat suspected of having panleukopenia along with microscopic examination of tissue can also help to diagnose the disease. Follow your veterinarian's suggestions for treatment. Treatment is supportive, as there is no specific medication to kill the virus. IV fluids, anti-diarrhea medications, and nutrition are usually given to the cat to make it more comfortable and to allow its immune system to more effectively fight off the infection. Many patients do not survive the illness despite attempts at treatment. Get your cat vaccinated. There is a very effective vaccine which prevents a cat from contracting the illness. It is given to kittens as young as six weeks of age, followed by vaccination at 9 and then 12 weeks of age. The vaccine is a part of the yearly cat vaccination schedule. A vaccine is given followed by a second one in 3-4 weeks. Annual vaccination done once a year will assure the cat is fully protected against this deadly disease. Keep young kittens away from other cats. Unvaccinated kittens need to be kept away from other cats until they are vaccinated. Vaccination usually occurs from 6 to 9 weeks of age, so your kitten should be kept isolated until that point. This isolation includes you, or another person, not bringing in the disease to the kitten on your body or clothes. You should keep from petting or interacting with other cats until your kitten is fully vaccinated. Kittens can get some immunity from their mothers before they are vaccinated. However, just how effective these immunities are is uncertain. Clean areas your cat frequents. For example, keep stray cats, which may carry the disease, out of your yard by using cat deterrent sprays or water sprinklers. This is because the virus can live outside for months, or years, in cat feces. Make sure any new cats or kittens brought into your house are vaccinated. Do not allow your cat outside without vaccinations. The disease can be spread by fighting (bites) or even sharing common water sources with unvaccinated, infected cats.	Be on the look out for severe, bloody diarrhea. Pay attention to vomiting. Look at your cats gums. Pay attention to extreme lethargy. Notice a lack of appetite. Be very diligent when looking for the symptoms in kittens. Take your cat to its veterinarian. Discuss the need for additional testing with your veterinarian. Follow your veterinarian's suggestions for treatment. Get your cat vaccinated. Keep young kittens away from other cats. Clean areas your cat frequents.