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https://www.wikihow.com/Go-to-Sleep-Fast-for-Kids	How to Go to Sleep Fast for Kids	Doing calm and relaxing activities can help you to fall asleep faster. Try counting down from 100 to relax your mind. You can also try taking deep breaths by breathing deep into your belly and slowly exhaling. Having a consistent bedtime routine is another way to make it easier to get to sleep. Start your routine 30 to 60 minutes before bedtime. Take a warm bath, put on cozy pajamas, and brush your teeth. It's also important to practice good habits that might improve your sleep. Only use your bed for sleeping, rather than for playing games, doing homework, or watching TV, as this can make it harder to fall asleep at night. Try to go to bed at the same time every night so that your body learns when it is time to go to sleep.	Count down from 100. It is important to relax your mind in order to fall asleep, so counting down from 100 may help. As you lay in bed, close your eyes and start counting backward from 100 in your head (100, 99, 98, 97, etc.). This exercise should relax your mind and help you to fall asleep. If you count all the way down to one and you are still awake, try a larger number, like 500 or even 1,000. Write in a journal. Writing in a journal is also a good way to relax your mind and start winding down for bedtime. Write about your day, your fears or worries, or anything else that you want to write about. Getting your thoughts down on paper may help you to let go of them and make it easier for you to fall asleep. Try getting yourself a special journal to write in before you go to bed each night. You can also use your journal to make a list of things that are bothering you or to write down questions that you would like to ask someone. Practice deep breathing. Deep breathing exercises may also help you to relax and fall asleep. To practice deep breathing, lie flat on your back and make yourself comfortable. For example, you can put a pillow or two under your knees and neck. Place your hands on your stomach (just below your rib cage) with your palms facing down. Keep your fingers close together. Then, take a long, slow deep breath into your belly. As you do this, your stomach should expand and you should feel your hands rise. After a few seconds, slowly exhale the breath and feel your stomach drop as you do so. Repeat this exercise for 10 to 15 breaths. Try progressive muscle relaxation. Progressive muscle relaxation is a relaxation exercise that helps to release tension in your body, from head to toe. If you are having trouble sleeping because you feel tense and nervous, then this may help you. To do a progressive muscle relaxation exercise, start by tensing the muscles in your toes and keeping them tense for about five seconds. Then, release them and allow your toes to relax for about 30 seconds. Next, move to your calves and repeat the same tensing and releasing pattern. Keep tensing and releasing muscles until you reach the top of your head. Drink a cup of herbal tea. Ask one of your parents to brew you a cup of some soothing herbal tea. Many herb teas can help you to relax and may make it easier to fall asleep. Some good teas to try include: Chamomile Peppermint Rooibos Fruit teas Plan to start your bedtime routine about 30 to 60 minutes before bedtime. It can take a while to calm down for the night and get your body ready for bed. By starting a bedtime routine about 30 to 60 minutes before bedtime, your body will have a chance to wind down and relax. Take a warm bath. Taking a bath before bed can help to relax and soothe your muscles and clear your mind. Try taking a warm bath as the first part of your bedtime routine. Use your favorite bubble bath to get clean and soak in the tub for about 15 to 20 minutes. Then dry off with a clean, fluffy towel. Put on pajamas. Cozy pajamas can help you to feel comfortable and sleep better. Choose some pajamas that work with the season. For example, if it is winter and you are a little cold at night, then put on some flannel pajamas. If it is summer and you tend to get hot during the night, then put on something light, like a t-shirt and shorts. You can also do other things to make yourself comfortable. For example, if your feet feel cold, then put on some socks. If your room feels hot, then turn on a fan. Take care of other personal needs. After you have your pajamas on, you will need to take care of any other personal needs to make sure that you have a good night's sleep. Brush your teeth, wash your face, have a drink of water, and go to the bathroom before you get into bed. Play some soothing music. Music can help you to relax, so it is a great addition to a nightly bedtime routine. Choose something soothing, such as classical or jazz. Or you can listen to a few slow songs by one of your favorite musicians. Just make sure that whatever you choose is nice and relaxing. Dim the lights. Turning down the lights will help your body to release melatonin, which is a necessary sleep hormone that our bodies make. Keeping the lights on bright may interfere with your body's ability to release melatonin. You do not need to turn off all of the lights, but make sure that any lights that are left on are dim. For example, a small table lamp or a night light could offer some dim light to help you fall asleep. Climb into bed. After you have seen to all of your needs and made your bedroom nice and cozy, you can climb into your bed and start to relax. You do not need to go to sleep right away, but getting into bed may help your body and mind start winding down for sleep. Talk quietly or read a story. Sometimes you will feel ready to sleep right away, but other times you may need a little more time to get sleepy. If you don't feel sleepy yet, then talking quietly with a parent can help you to wind down. You can also try reading a bedtime story on your own or with a parent to help yourself feel sleepy. Use your bed for sleep only. Doing things other than sleeping in your bed can make it harder to fall asleep at night. Make sure that the only thing that you do in your bed is sleep. Do not watch TV, play video games, or do homework in your bed. Stop eating at least two hours before going to bed. Eating too close to bedtime can make it hard for you to fall asleep because your body is still digesting food. Try to schedule your last snack of the day at least two hours before bedtime. For example, if your bedtime is 9:00 pm, then have your evening snack at about 7:00 pm. Don't eat too much either. Just have a light snack. For example, try having a piece of toast or a small bowl of cereal with milk. Don't drink anything that has caffeine in it after 5:00 pm either or it may interfere with your ability to fall asleep. Stick to relaxing activities later in the day. Doing things that require lots of energy or that get you excited may make it harder to fall asleep at night. Participate in active play activities earlier in the day and do more low key things later in the day. For example, ride a bike, play a video game, or play soccer in the early afternoon, and then read and listen to music in the evening. Go to bed at the same time every night. Having a set bedtime can make it easier to fall asleep at night because your body will learn when it is time to sleep each night. Make sure that you stick to the same bedtime, even on the weekends. For example, if your weeknight bedtime is 9:00 pm, then keep that bedtime on the weekend as well. It is also a good idea to wake up at the same time every day. Get some comfortable bedding. A good mattress, soft sheets, and a comfortable pillow can all make sleeping easier for you. If your mattress is not comfortable, ask your parents about getting a new mattress or a mattress topper. If your sheets feel rough or uncomfortable, ask your parents about getting something more comfortable. Block outside lights and sounds from your room. If you live in a noisy area, you may want to start wearing earplugs or turn on a fan to provide some white noise. White noise helps to raise the noise level so that random noises will be less likely to wake you up. Ask your parents about getting some light and noise blocking curtains to make your room a quiet, dark space. Check the temperature. People tend to sleep better with a cool room temperature of around 65°F (18.3°C). Ask your parents if it is okay to change the thermostat so that it is closer to that temperature. You can also put a fan in your room to cool it down. Put up some pictures. Making sure that your bedroom is an inviting, friendly place can make it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep. Try putting up a few pictures of your friends and family near your bed. Choose photos that make you smile and feel happy. Grab your favorite sleep companion. Sleeping with a security item, such as a doll, blanket, or stuffed animal, can make you feel safe and fall asleep faster. Make sure that you grab your favorite toy or blanket before you get into bed.	Count down from 100. Write in a journal. Practice deep breathing. Try progressive muscle relaxation. Drink a cup of herbal tea. Plan to start your bedtime routine about 30 to 60 minutes before bedtime. Take a warm bath. Put on pajamas. Take care of other personal needs. Play some soothing music. Dim the lights. Climb into bed. Talk quietly or read a story. Use your bed for sleep only. Stop eating at least two hours before going to bed. Stick to relaxing activities later in the day. Go to bed at the same time every night. Get some comfortable bedding. Block outside lights and sounds from your room. Check the temperature. Put up some pictures. Grab your favorite sleep companion.
https://www.wikihow.com/Deal-with-Sleep-Apnea	How to Deal with Sleep Apnea	If you've noticed signs of sleep apnea, including excessive daytime tiredness, loud snoring, or waking up and feeling short of breath, contact your doctor to confirm your diagnosis. In the meantime, try treating your sleep apnea with lifestyle changes, like sleeping on your side instead of your back, and using saline nasal sprays or a neti pot to keep your nasal passages open. You'll also want to avoid alcohol and smoking, which can limit your breathing, and maintain a healthy weight.	Recognize the cause of obstructive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea is far more common than central apnea, and is most often caused by direct interference with the passage of air when your throat muscles relax, resulting in interrupted breathing. The muscles in your throat support structures in your mouth and throat that normally remain open to let air pass through, even when you are sleeping. The structures supported by the muscles in your throat include the soft palate, the uvula, the tonsils, and the tongue. When the throat muscles relax too much as you fall asleep, your air passages are blocked. This causes a 10 to 20 second lapse of time when the level of oxygen in your blood is inadequate for the amount your brain needs. Your brain wakes you up briefly in order to restore the passage of air. In many cases, the person does not remember waking up. This can occur as often as 5 to 30 times every hour, or even more, and continues throughout the night. Recognize the symptoms. Some symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea may overlap with those of central apnea. In most people, the cause of the problem clearly indicates one of the two possible types. Common symptoms that occur with obstructive sleep apnea include the following: Excessive daytime sleepiness that may cause you to fall asleep at work, while watching television, and have trouble staying awake to drive. Loud snoring, often loud enough to disturb the sleep of others, and is the loudest when you are positioned on your back. Observed episodes of periods of time when breathing stops. Waking up suddenly with a feeling of shortness of breath, often accompanied by a snorting, choking, or gasping sound. Waking up with a headache and/or chest pain. Difficulty concentrating during the day. Moodiness or noticeable changes in mood. Problems with insomnia, such as being able to stay asleep at night. Having high blood pressure. Identify the causes of central sleep apnea. While the symptoms are similar, the underlying possible causes of central sleep apnea are different. Central sleep apnea occurs when the brain sends faulty signals to the muscles responsible for regulating your breathing. Central sleep apnea is much less common than obstructive sleep apnea and is usually related to another medical condition. The most common causes for central sleep apnea are medical problems associated with serious cardiovascular problems such as heart failure, disorders that involve abnormal functioning of your brainstem, or a history of a stroke. Some medications used repeatedly or in large doses can cause this type of sleep apnea. Opiates are the most common medications tied to causing central sleep apnea, as they send messages to the brain that disrupt and slow normal breathing patterns. Opiates that have been associated with central sleep apnea include morphine, oxycodone, and codeine. Note the symptoms of central sleep apnea. While the symptoms are similar and overlap with those of obstructive apnea, there are some differences. Symptoms associated with central sleep apnea include the following: Shortness of breath that wakes you from sleep. Shortness of breath that is relieved by changing your position to sitting upright. Observed periods of abnormal breathing, including periods when you stop breathing, while you are sleeping. Difficulty staying asleep often considered to be insomnia. Excessive daytime sleepiness that may cause you to fall asleep at work, watching television, or even driving. Daytime evidence of poor sleep including difficulty concentrating, morning headaches, and mood changes. Snoring. Although snoring is also a symptom of obstructive apnea, it can also be unrelated to apnea. Implement lifestyle changes. Treatment options often begin with adjusting factors that may be within your control. Seek medical attention to confirm your diagnosis and get support for the important lifestyle adjustments you can alter to help treat your apnea. Avoid alcohol use, especially daily or excessive use. Alcohol significantly slows your rate of breathing. This causes the amount of oxygen that is available in your blood to be lower than normal. When you experience symptoms associated with sleep apnea, you want as much oxygen as possible to reach your brain. Do not consume alcohol within four hours of your bedtime. Stop smoking. People that smoke will have more trouble with their air flow and airway passages. Talk to your doctor if you need help to stop smoking. Products are available both over-the-counter and by prescription that can help you successfully quit smoking. Lose weight. If you are overweight or obese, this may be the primary cause of your sleep apnea. Take steps to manage your weight in order to control your symptoms. Talk to your doctor if you need help with weight loss. Prescription products may help, plus your doctor can connect you with a nutritionist and possibly an exercise therapist to help you as you work towards your weight loss goal. Review your medications with your doctor. Be sure you doctor is aware of the problems you having with your sleep apnea. With your doctor's help, your routine medications can be adjusted to prevent them from aggravating your condition or causing problems. Sleep on your side. Try to avoid sleeping on your back to prevent snoring. Use extra bed pillows to provide support against your back and help prevent you from rolling onto your back during your sleep. Special pillows are available to help you rest comfortably while providing support to help you sleep on your side. Keep your nasal passages open. When you are congested or your nasal passages are blocked, this causes you to breathe through your mouth at night possibly triggering or worsening the apnea. Talk to your doctor about the safest and most effective way to keep your nasal passages open at night. Over-the-counter products, including some that do not contain any medication such as breathing strips, are available. Other products like saline nasal sprays or neti pots may work well for you to help your nasal passages stay clear at night. See your dentist. Custom-fitted mouth devices are available specifically for sleep apnea. The devices are made to fit in your mouth to keep your lower jaw and tongue in a position that keeps your airway passages open so you can breathe at night. This type of device may or may not correct the type of problem you have that is causing your apnea, so talk to your doctor first to determine if this may be helpful. Take steps to correct the underlying problem. With the help of your doctor, you may be able to pinpoint the exact cause of your apnea. For example, if you know that your tonsils are enlarged and are causing your apnea, then talk to your doctor about possible procedures to correct the problem. In people that are suffering from central sleep apnea caused by cardiovascular issues, working closely with the cardiologist to address and correct those problems can help to reduce the symptoms of their apnea. The same is true for people with diabetes. Taking good care of your diabetes, including steps to control weight management, can help to manage the sleep apnea symptoms. Clarify your diagnosis. To proceed with apnea treatment using CPAP equipment, which stands for continuous positive airway pressure, your diagnosis will likely need to be confirmed. The method used to diagnose sleep apnea is a polysomnography test, most commonly referred to as a sleep study. This is inconvenient but necessary to confirm the diagnosis, determine the severity of your apnea, and is usually required to support the diagnosis by your insurance company so they will assist in paying for the equipment. Proceed with CPAP treatment. Once you have completed your sleep study, your doctor will explain the differences in the available equipment. A CPAP unit provides a steady stream of air with enough pressure to prevent the tissues in your mouth and throat area from closing or collapsing as you sleep. Most units deliver a constant flow of air at the desired pressure level, which is adjustable and indicated on the machine. A newer method of delivering air pressure is called autotitrating positive airway pressure, or APAP. This type of unit adjusts automatically to the different breathing patterns of the person throughout the night. Many people describe the APAP equipment as being easier to get accustomed to and easier to tolerate. Some units available are called bilevel positive airway pressure, or BPAP. This type of unit is designed to deliver one level of pressure when the person is inhaling and another pressure level when exhaling. The most common CPAP unit weights about 3 pounds, has a tube that connects to the mask, and is compact enough to sit on your bedside table. The units have adjustable levels of pressure so you can begin with a small amount of pressure as you get used to the equipment, then gradually increase the pressure to the level your doctor recommended. Select the mask that suits your needs. Masks are available in different styles and sizes. Some masks fit just over the nose and others are designed to fit over the mouth and nose. Try on several to determine the size and style that is most comfortable to you. Adjust the fit. Be sure the doctor or technician shows you how to adjust the fit of your mask. A mask that fits poorly can cause skin irritation, sores, and may not function as it is intended. Get accustomed to CPAP. It may be helpful to wear the mask for a few hours during the day without being attached to the actual unit. Start with wearing the mask for fewer hours each night if you have trouble adjusting to it. Work towards keeping the mask in place with the unit on for the duration of your sleep time. Start with lower levels of pressure and gradually increase to reach the amount of pressure your doctor recommended. Wear the mask every night. Your sleep apnea is not being treated if you do not wear the mask with the appropriate amount of pressure. It is important that you wear your mask every night. Additionally, it is very important that you give yourself a 1 to 3 month time frame to become used to wearing the mask every night. If you wake up and find you have removed your mask or headgear, put it back on and continue to sleep. This is an imperative part of creating the habit of sleeping properly with your CPAP. Consider that more than 80% of sleep apnea sufferers discontinue using their CPAP within the first year due to not forcing themselves to create the habit of wearing the CPAP mask. Unfortunately, they may not realize the dire health consequences they could be facing, such as a heart attack, by not making this important life change. Wear the mask for at least 6 to 7 hours each night for the best results. Most masks are designed with convenient travel cases so you can take it with you on business or pleasure trips away from home. Keep your unit clean. Clean and maintain your equipment, including your mask, every day. Many units are equipped with computer chips that communicate the results of your sleep to your doctor. Follow your doctor's instructions regarding the recorded information from your unit. Some units require that the chip be taken to your doctor's office or downloaded via a computer. Address any problems. The most common complaints of CPAP users include simple side effects that can be managed. Nasal congestion and dry mouth are common side effects. Many units are now equipped with built in humidifiers that help with these problems. Wear the chin strap that comes with your unit to prevent dry mouth. The chin strap functions to keep your mouth closed at night so you are breathing only through your nose. Consider surgery. Depending on your response to CPAP treatment, your success with recommended lifestyle changes, and the underlying cause of your apnea, surgery may be an option to consider. Surgery is done to correct any problems related to anatomy and specific to the individual. Examples of surgical procedures sometimes used to treat sleep apnea include structural correction for nasal passage problems, excessive amounts of tissue in the soft palate area, or enlarged tonsils or adenoids that are blocking the passage of air when you sleep. If surgery is determined to be an option, the procedure done will be designed specifically to correct problems associated with that individual. There is no general surgical procedure performed that is universally used to correct sleep apnea. Become familiar with risk factors related to obstructive apnea. While anyone can have obstructive sleep apnea, some conditions and characteristics make the condition more likely to develop. The more common risk factors include the following: Being overweight. As many as 50% of the people with obstructive sleep apnea are overweight. Fatty tissue deposits around the upper airway passages are thought to contribute to the problem. Having a larger waist size. While this factor is unclear as to the direct relationship to obstructive sleep apnea other than being overweight, it is considered a risk factor. Having a neck circumference greater than 17 inches in men, and 16 inches in women is associated with developing obstructive sleep apnea. Being hypertensive, or having high blood pressure. Having a narrowed airway in your throat. This may be due to genetics or you may have enlarged tonsils or adenoids that are blocking the passage of air. Being diabetic. People with diabetes are more likely to have obstructive sleep apnea. Being a man. Men are twice as likely as women to develop obstructive sleep apnea. Being black and under the age of 35. In this age group, obstructive sleep apnea occurs more often in black people. Being between the ages of 18 and 60. While this disorder can occur in anyone at any age, it is more common in people that are between the ages of 18 to 60. Having a family history of obstructive sleep apnea places you at greater risk of developing the disorder. Being a smoker. Smoking puts you at higher risk of developing the disorder. Drinking alcohol. Alcohol use tends to cause the symptoms to worsen. Being a woman past menopause. Women who are past menopause have a higher risk of developing sleep apnea. Recognize risk factors of central sleep apnea. There are factors that increase your odds of developing central sleep apnea. While anyone can develop central sleep apnea, some factors clearly increase the risk. Some of the more common risk factors include the following: Males are more likely to develop this form of sleep apnea. Adults over the age of 65 develop central sleep apnea more frequently, possibly due to other medical conditions or natural changes in sleep patterns. Cardiac problems including atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure are often linked to central sleep apnea. Brain tumors, a history of stroke, and conditions that involve the brainstem are associated with an increased risk of developing central sleep apnea. Sleeping at high altitudes may contribute to central sleep apnea. This tends to resolve once you relocate to lower altitudes. Realize the complications of both types of sleep apnea. Both obstructive and central sleep apnea can lead to complications, with the possibility that some complications may develop even if you are treated. It is not uncommon for some people to suffer from both forms of sleep apnea, or have one type develop after the first has been identified. The sudden changes in oxygen flow to the brain and other vital organs place a strain on the cardiovascular system. Consequently people may develop problems with high blood pressure which increases the risk of heart disease. Severe symptoms can lead to more serious consequences including coronary artery disease, heart attack, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and stroke. In people that already have a heart condition, repeated episodes of low blood oxygen can cause a sudden cardiac event and possibly death. Daytime fatigue can be overwhelming and can cause problems with functioning. Due to the frequent awakenings, your body is unable to establish the level of sleep needed, called restorative sleep, in order to be alert and well-rested during the day. People with obstructive or central sleep apnea are more likely to have problems with daytime concentration, memory problems, and mood changes. Some research has found a greater incidence of glaucoma in people that have obstructive sleep apnea. Another, but very important matter, is the disrupted sleep of your bed partner. Be sure your doctor or surgeon is aware of your condition in case you need a surgical procedure. The use of anesthesia can sometimes worsen symptoms for a short time following the procedure. Let your doctor know of your problems. Depending on your situation, some medications may need to be avoided that can cause further problems due to your sleep apnea.	Recognize the cause of obstructive sleep apnea. Recognize the symptoms. Identify the causes of central sleep apnea. Note the symptoms of central sleep apnea. Implement lifestyle changes. Avoid alcohol use, especially daily or excessive use. Stop smoking. Lose weight. Review your medications with your doctor. Sleep on your side. Keep your nasal passages open. See your dentist. Take steps to correct the underlying problem. Clarify your diagnosis. Proceed with CPAP treatment. Select the mask that suits your needs. Adjust the fit. Get accustomed to CPAP. Wear the mask every night. Keep your unit clean. Address any problems. Consider surgery. Become familiar with risk factors related to obstructive apnea. Recognize risk factors of central sleep apnea. Realize the complications of both types of sleep apnea.
https://www.wikihow.com/Hold-a-Dachshund-Properly	How to Hold a Dachshund Properly	To hold a dachshund properly, slip 1 hand under its upper body to support its chest. Spread your fingers to support as much of the dog's upper body as possible. Then, place your other hand under the dog's rump to support the lower body. Slowly lift the dog while keeping its body level and its back fully supported. You can also transition to a cradle hold by shifting the dog's weight to rest on your forearm that's supporting the dog's rear. Then, tuck the dog against your body for added support.	Place one hand under the chest. Picking up a dachshund is different than the way you'd pick up other breeds, but it's not especially hard once you learn the right method. Start by slipping a hand under the dog's upper body to support his chest and ribcage. Don't lift up yet. Spread your fingers out so that you support as much of the dog's upper body as possible. The wider the area you can spread his weight over, the gentler it will be on his spine. Place your other hand under the dog's rump. Gently slip your free hand under the dog's rump — either directly behind it or just in front of the dog's rear legs to support its lower body. Get ready to lift up. Here, again, it is best to spread your hand to give the widest base of support possible. Slowly lift the dachshund, keeping his body level. Now, simply lift the dog up. As you go, try to keep the dog's lower body from hanging or drooping beneath his lower body. A little bending is fine, but you'll want to keep the dog's back as flat as possible to keep from putting stress on it. Continue to support the dog's back as you hold it. As you move around or play with your dachshund, make sure his lower back is well-supported at all times. Dachshunds aren't like other dogs — letting their lower bodies dangle is uncomfortable to them and can contribute to painful back problems (like slipped and ruptured discs) over time. Luckily, with a little practice, this should become second nature after a while. Eventually, it will feel "wrong" to pick the dachshund up in the incorrect way. Transition to a "cradle" hold if you wish. As long as the dachshund's back is well-supported and his body is fairly straight, it doesn't really matter how you choose to hold him. If you'd like the convenience of being able to hold your dachshund with one arm, try shifting to this alternate hold once you've picked him up correctly by following the steps above: Gently shift the dog's weight so that it comes to rest on the forearm of the arm that you were using to support his rump. Use your full forearm to support his weight. Tuck the dog against your body for added support and comfort. This should feel a little like how you would cradle a baby or hold a football. Use your free arm when needed to help the dog balance and keep him from squirming or wriggling free. To set the dachshund down, slowly lower him to the floor. If you've had experience with other dog breeds, you may be used to "dropping" or gently heaving them back to the ground when you're done holding them. With dachshunds, instead, you'll want to lower the dog all the way to the ground before letting go. As always, keep his back well-supported as you lower him down. Ideally, you'll want his feet to be touching the ground before you let go. As you'll read below, even a drop of a few inches can put stress on the dachshund's back and joints. Don't pick up a dachshund by his upper body. Many are accustomed to picking up dogs as if they were human babies by putting one hand under each of the dog's "armpits." However, this is unsafe for dachshunds. This puts an unnatural stress on the dog's back — the spine simply isn't built to support his long body without any other support. In general, you will want to avoid any sort of hold that supports only half of the dog's body length. This is true even if the dog is already standing on one set of legs — like, for instance, if he is propping himself up on his hind legs while looking over the top of a sofa. In this case, you'll want to lean down so that you can support his rump before picking him up. Never drop the dachshund back onto the ground. As noted above, dogs should be set down gently , not dropped. A dachshund's legs are very short compared to other dog breeds'. This means that they can't bend very far to absorb the shock of hitting the ground, which puts most of the impact stress on the leg joints and back. Getting rid of the dog's "fall" eliminates this danger. Don't trust your dog's body language here. Dachshunds don't know that their skeleton can't support falls, so they may be perfectly willing to jump out of your hands. Even if this doesn't cause them immediate pain, it can lead to painful problems if continued in the long-term. Never make a dachshund bend or twist when you pick him up. Dachshunds' long, slender spines are especially vulnerable to injury, which is why it's so important to keep their bodies straight when you pick them up. You will definitely want to avoid any activities that put a twist or bend in the dog's back, as this increases the stress on it and can contribute to conditions like slipped discs. For example, one way you might accidentally do this is by scooping the dachshund up suddenly when he doesn't expect it. If you startle your dog, he may wriggle or twist out of one of your hands, putting an unnatural bend in his spine as he hangs. Make sure your dog is calm and aware of you before you attempt to pick him up. Don't ignore any signs of distress from the dog. Dachshunds, like all dogs, are generally pretty smart about letting you know when they are in pain. If your dog looks or sounds uncomfortable when you pick him up, he probably is , so set him back down and re-evaluate the way you're holding him before you try again. Some signs of pain in dogs are obvious, like yelping, whimpering, etc. However, others a little more subtle. The following are nonverbal signs that a dog may be uncomfortable: Trembling (without another explanation, like coldness) Trying to get away Unnatural amounts of affection or aggression Holding the mouth closed (rather than having a natural, "happy" look) Show family and friends how to hold dachshunds properly before letting them play. Nothing's more frustrating than when you take the time to learn how to hold your dachshund properly, only for well-meaning relatives to come over and treat him like an ordinary dog. To avoid problems, be sure to educate any visitors about the proper ways to hold your dog before they play with him. This is especially true for children, who can sometimes be too rough with dogs by accident. It's a wise idea to supervise children when they first interact with your dachshund until you're confident that they know how to play safely.	Place one hand under the chest. Place your other hand under the dog's rump. Slowly lift the dachshund, keeping his body level. Continue to support the dog's back as you hold it. Transition to a "cradle" hold if you wish. To set the dachshund down, slowly lower him to the floor. Don't pick up a dachshund by his upper body. Never drop the dachshund back onto the ground. Never make a dachshund bend or twist when you pick him up. Don't ignore any signs of distress from the dog. Show family and friends how to hold dachshunds properly before letting them play.
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Luggage-Easier-to-Spot	How to Make Luggage Easier to Spot	To make luggage easier to spot, try using a brightly-colored belt strap. Just wrap the strap around your bag so you can easily see it at baggage claim. You could try using stickers instead. Get hold of some bright colored or sparkly stickers and stick them on in an eye-catching design. For example, use lettered stickers to write your name or simply make a colorful pattern. Alternatively, attach a name tag with a unique design or bright colors to your bag so it stands out from other tags. You could also try using personalized patches or stickers that reflect your interests, such as your favorite sports team or musician.	Use a bright belt strap. You can pick up a belt strap at any department store. Opt for one in a very bright color that will be easy to see from a distance. Secure it around your luggage after packing so your bag will be easy to spot at baggage claim. Embellish your luggage with stickers. Pick up some stickers at a craft shop and use them to decorate your bag. Go for colorful stickers or sparkly stickers to make your bag especially striking. This can be a great project if you have kids. They'll enjoy the process of decorating their luggage and it will also make traveling easier. You can buy letter stickers and use them to write your name on your bag, which can help identify it if it gets lost on your journey. Decorate your luggage with bias tape. Bias tape is a narrow strip of fabric used for decorating. You can buy colorful strips of bias tape online or at a local craft store. Wrap bias tape around your luggage or glue bias tape in interesting patterns, like criss-cross patterns, along the tops or sides of your luggage to make it more noticeable. Tie or stitch on fabric or ribbon. Stop by a local craft store and pick up some decorative ribbon or fabric. This can be stitched on to your luggage or you can tie ribbons around the zippers and handles. This can make luggage easy to spot in baggage claim. If you see any sparkly fabric or ribbon, this can be a great choice as it's particularly noticeable. Tie a neon bracelet to the handle. Many jewelry stores, especially those for younger people, carry bright neon bracelets. These can be secured to the handle of your bag, making it easy to spot in a crowded airport. Opt for a bracelet that can be tightly wrapped around your luggage, as this will prevent it from breaking or falling off. Try a cloth, knit, or rubber bracelet, for example, over a plastic one. Old friendship bracelets can work great here. If you have several bracelets wound around a luggage's handles, especially brightly colored one, this can really help your luggage stand out. Opt for bright and noticeable personal tags. You can buy personal tags online or at some department stores. Look for personal tags that are a little more unique and noticeable. A brightly colored tag, or one with a unique design, can really make your luggage stand out at baggage claim. In general, go for bigger luggage tags as well. These will be much easier to see. You can also try a novelty tag. A novelty tag can be a tag personalized with your name or initials. You can also look for a funny tag, such as a tag shaped like a smiley face or emoji. Anything that's a little unusual or quirky can help your luggage stand out. Personalize your luggage with unique patches. You can buy patches at many craft stores online and then stitch them onto your luggage. A variety of unique patches, including a patch with your initials, makes your luggage easy to notice. You can use patches that reflect your personal taste and style. For example, if you're a horseback rider, have horse-related patches on your luggage. Look for lanyards or zip ties. Lanyards and zip ties are often sold in department stores. You can use one to attach a laminated piece of paper with your personal information on it. This way, not only will the zip tie or lanyard make your luggage more noticeable, it can be helpful if your luggage gets lost. Include a copy of your itinerary in your luggage. If your luggage gets lost, having a copy of your itinerary somewhere inside can help. Airport workers can figure out where your luggage was supposed to end up in the event it went to the wrong destination. Photograph your bags and their contents. Make sure to take photographic evidence of everything in your bag. You may need to recall the contents of your bag to airport workers to help them locate it in the event it gets lost. Make sure your bag has ID tags inside and out. Keep ID outside your bag in clear view, but make sure to keep ID tags inside as well. In the event an external ID tag falls, having a backup inside can help your bag find its way back to you if it gets lost.	Use a bright belt strap. Embellish your luggage with stickers. Decorate your luggage with bias tape. Tie or stitch on fabric or ribbon. Tie a neon bracelet to the handle. Opt for bright and noticeable personal tags. Personalize your luggage with unique patches. Look for lanyards or zip ties. Include a copy of your itinerary in your luggage. Photograph your bags and their contents. Make sure your bag has ID tags inside and out.
https://www.wikihow.com/3-Way-Call-a-Person	How to 3 Way Call a Person	If you want to set up a 3-way call on an iPhone, start by calling the first person as normal. Explain to them that you're setting up a conference call, then press the "add call" button in the bottom left. Next, find the name of the friend you want to add and call them. Once you've explained to them that you're setting up a conference call, press the "merge calls" icon to connect everyone on one call. To speak to one friend privately during the conference call, press the > button and select the green "private" option next to the person's name.	Tap the green “Phone” icon. Call a friend. You may do this one of three ways: Press “Contacts”. Tap on the friend's name. Tap the phone button to the right of their number to make the call. Tap “Favorites”, tap on the friend's name to make the call. Tap “Keypad” and enter the phone number manually. Talk to your friend. Let them know you are in the process of setting up a conference call. Press “add call”. This icon is a large “+”. It is located in the bottom left corner of two rows of icons. Place the second call. You will have access to your contacts, favorites, and the keypad.) When the second call goes through, the first call is automatically placed on hold. Talk to your friend. Let them know you are in the process of setting up a conference call. Press “merge calls”. This will combine the two individual phone calls into a conference call. The “merge calls” option is located in the bottom left corner of two rows of icons. It temporarily replaced the “add call” option. Repeat this process up to three times. You may have a conference call with up to five people. The number of people allowed on one conference call varies by carrier. Add an incoming call. You may merge an existing call or conference call with an incoming call. To do this: Tap “Hold Call + Answer”. This will mute your current conversation and put it on hold. Select “merge call” to add the incoming call to the conference call. Speak to a friend privately. During a conference call, you may need to speak to just one friend. To do this: Tap > near the top of the screen. Tap the green Private to the right of the individual's name. This will place all other calls on hold. Press “merge calls” to rejoin the conference call. End one phone call. Tap > near the top of the screen. Tap the red phone icon to the left of the individual's name. Tap End. This will end the connection with that person while maintaining the rest of the calls. Press End Call to end the conference call. Tap the phone icon. Call your first friend. You may access their number through “Contacts” or “Favorites”. Alternatively, you may use the keypad to enter their phone number. Talk to your first friend. Let your friend know you are setting up a conference call. Select “Add call”. This will provided you with access to your contacts, favorites, and the keypad. This icon may appear one of two ways: a person with a “+” OR a large “+” with the words “Add call”. Place the second call. Select another friend from your list of contacts or favorites. Alternatively, you may enter the number on the keypad. Once the second call goes through, your first call is placed on hold. Talk to your second friend. Let them know you are setting up a conference call. Tap “Merge” or “Merge Calls”. Your first and second calls will combine into one conference call. Use the same process to add up to three people to your conference call. Tap the “Manage” to mute or disconnect callers. This feature is not available on all Android models. Tap “End Call” to disconnect the conference call. Other callers may leave the conference call at any time. Since they did not originate the conference call, their exit will not disconnect the entire conversation. Call your first friend. Talk to your friend. Let them know you are setting up a three-way call. Press and hold your phone’s flash button for one second. Pressing this button places the first caller on hold. This button is also called hook-switch, link, or recall. Your phone may not have a clearly labeled flash button. If you can't located this button, try one of the following options: Tap your cell phone or cordless phone's “Call” button. Quickly press your landline's receiver-disconnect button. Wait to hear three brief tones followed by a dial tone. Dial your second friend’s number. If your “Call” button doubled up as your flash button, press “Call” again. Talk to your friend. Let them know they are joining a three-way call. If they do not pick up, tap your phone's flash button twice. This will disconnect the second call and return you to the first conversation. If you get their voicemail, press * three times. This will disconnect the second call and return you to the first conversation. Press your phone’s flash button to merge the calls. Hang up to end the conference call. At anytime, one of the two people you called may hang up. You will remain on the phone with the other individual. To disconnect from your second friend, press your phone's flash button. You will remain on the phone with the first friend you called.	Tap the green “Phone” icon. Call a friend. Talk to your friend. Press “add call”. Place the second call. Talk to your friend. Press “merge calls”. Repeat this process up to three times. Add an incoming call. Speak to a friend privately. End one phone call. Press End Call to end the conference call. Tap the phone icon. Call your first friend. Talk to your first friend. Select “Add call”. Place the second call. Talk to your second friend. Tap “Merge” or “Merge Calls”. Use the same process to add up to three people to your conference call. Tap the “Manage” to mute or disconnect callers. Tap “End Call” to disconnect the conference call. Call your first friend. Talk to your friend. Press and hold your phone’s flash button for one second. Wait to hear three brief tones followed by a dial tone. Dial your second friend’s number. Talk to your friend. Press your phone’s flash button to merge the calls. Hang up to end the conference call.
https://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Manual	How to Write a Manual	To write a manual, break the process you're trying to outline down into easy, digestible chunks so that readers can follow along step-by-step. Also, make sure your manual follows a logical sequence so that readers can do everything in order without having to skip around between sections. To help organize your manual, include a table of contents at the beginning so readers know exactly where to find the information they're looking for.	This is key. It may seem self-evident, but knowledge is the key to writing a successful manual. For example, if you're writing a camera manual, knowing that an f-stop and the shutter speed are not just 2 separate functions—they are—but knowing how they interact with each other will make it much easier for you to describe each function as it relates to the whole. Talk to experts. If your role is simply the writer rather than the subject matter expert, involve knowledgeable people throughout the process and make sure they review your work. Their knowledge and advice is invaluable. Try a hands-on approach. If possible, doing the thing you are writing about will, at the very least, give you a feel for what the user will want to learn. Read up on the subject. Learn to talk the talk, and become conversant in the product you are writing about. Manuals of similar products will show you how other writers have tackled the subject. Look for similarities among the writers, which indicates both common functionality and common approaches to describing something. Look for differences that stand out. Those are likely to be functions that are unique to a given product. Your product may or may not include those functions, or may have alternate ways of solving the problem that you can describe, enhancing the value of your product. While your job may be writing a how-to, showing the customers the value of their purchase is a great way to encourage them to continue reading. Devour trade magazines. Find out how the people who use the products work with them day-to-day. They may wish there was a function that solved their particular problem, and if your product is the solution, that needs to be highlighted. Break it down. Whether a simple step-by-step instruction sheet, or a manual for a 35mm digital camera, breaking it down into digestible chunks has several benefits: It lets you focus on individual parts of the whole. Your goal is to familiarize the user with how to learn the process. How to perform the function can be left for a tutorial at the end, if desired, or left for the user to discover on their own. Follow a logical sequence. It would do no good, for example, to describe how the flash on a camera works until you've shown how to attach the lens, load the film, turn on the camera, and adjust the focus. This is especially useful if you do not know the subject matter well. Use this as your template for your table of contents. Review your steps. Once you've defined the logical sections, review them to make sure everything is covered. Gather your supplies. Have the items that you're describing on hand and ready to use as described in the manual. If you're making a paper box, have paper, scissors, tape, glue, and a ruler handy. If you're writing about a camera, make sure your camera is disassembled. If possible, the product you're writing about should be back in the box at this point. Write the introduction. This will set the tone of the entire manual, and will give the user an idea about what sort of manual they are about to digest. Will it be light and amusing, or straightforward and no-nonsense? It depends on your readership. There's much more room for verbal play teaching children to make a paper box than there is teaching a doctor how to proceed with open-heart surgery. Establish the tone early and keep that tone throughout the manual. Perform each step as you write. Not only does this give your writing the air of honesty and authenticity, you also ensure nothing will get left out. If, for some reason, it isn't feasible to do the steps, think them through thoroughly and consult somebody who is an expert. Number the steps. This makes it easier for people to follow along, and to refer back to should they lose their place. If you're writing on paper, be sure to leave space for additions between each step. Remember to renumber your steps if you add more in. Include tips and warnings. As you're writing, you may realize that if the user performs a step carelessly, it could cause a problem. Conversely, if there is some bit of knowledge that will make the user's task easier or more interesting, add it in. Test it out. Using only your written instructions, do the thing you are writing about. Should you find places where your instructions are lacking, add in the necessary information. Repeat this step until you have all the steps and can do what you are teaching without having to add notes. Consider having a friend or two use the manual. Watch them closely when they learn how to use the product. See where they zip through it. See where they get lost, confused, or fail at the task. Listen to what they have to say, then adjust your manual accordingly. Proofread your manual. You don't want to send your final proofreader (be that your agency or your spouse) a manual full of glaring errors. Start at the top level. Once you have all the necessary steps detailed, go through your manual to find the obvious category heads. Title them, and note their locations. Write a Table of Contents, if applicable. Look at the way wikiHow is laid out as an example. The main page offers many section heads. When you access a section, it lists many subcategories, and the subcategories list articles. The more detailed your manual is, the more categories and subcategories you will need. ( How to Whistle needs none, How to Carve a Whistle needs a few, and How to Play the Flute needs many!) Proofread again. Yes, you did it thoroughly once already. Doing it a second time will undoubtedly catch a few more minor errors or places where your manual just isn't clear. For a more comprehensive manual, you can also take this opportunity to note all the small topics, and use that information to create an index. Select a title.	This is key. Talk to experts. Try a hands-on approach. Read up on the subject. Break it down. Follow a logical sequence. Use this as your template for your table of contents. Review your steps. Gather your supplies. Write the introduction. Perform each step as you write. Number the steps. Include tips and warnings. Test it out. Proofread your manual. Start at the top level. Write a Table of Contents, if applicable. Proofread again. Select a title.
https://www.wikihow.com/Take-Care-of-an-Oriental-Cat	How to Take Care of an Oriental Cat	To take care of an Oriental cat, feed it a low calorie diet since the breed is prone to obesity. Additionally, play with your Oriental as much as you can, since they're an energetic breed. You should also want to comb them a few times a week to decrease shedding, knots, and tangles, and trim their nails every 2 weeks. Since Orientals are a slim, short-haired breed that dislike the cold, try to keep your home at 68 degrees or warmer.	Comb your cat. While most Orientals are shorthair, they still shed all the time. Thus, you'll have to comb them frequently. By combing them, you'll remove loose hair, dirt, and ensure your cat has a healthy coat. Use a soft bristle brush. You can also use a stainless-steel comb. Comb your cat a few times a week. This is important, as you'll want to prevent your cat from having tangles and knots. Trim their nails. Like other cats, you should trim your Oriental's nails relatively often. This is especially true since most Orientals are indoor cats and do not have the opportunity to scratch and wear their claws down outside. Trim their nails every 10 days to 2 weeks. Be careful not to cut your cat's quick – the fleshy top part of their nails. Brush their teeth. Most vets today highly recommend that you brush your cat's teeth regularly. Without regular brushing, cats could suffer from periodontal disease – something that Oriental cats are highly susceptible to. Try to brush your cat's teeth daily, if possible. Use a toothpaste formulated for cats. This is important, as human toothpaste often has ingredients that are dangerous to cats. While you can use a toothbrush intended for small children, you can also buy one specifically designed for cats. Consult your vet about regular teeth cleanings done in your vet's office. Avoid overfeeding your Oriental. Because of their build and metabolism, Orientals are very susceptible to rapid weight gain. Thus, you need to be careful not to give them too much food at one time. Watch to see if your cat is becoming overweight. One of the best indications of this is the development of a potbelly. Be careful about your Oriental's weight, as their body type is not amenable to supporting extra weight. Overweight Orientals could develop a wide variety of muscular-skeletal problems as well as diabetes. Consult your vet about proper portions for your Oriental. Provide your cat with a food formulated for its environment. Because many oriental cats are indoor cats, you should provide your Oriental with a diet suited to an indoor lifestyle. This is important, as just feeding your Oriental any cat food could have a negative effect on their health. Indoor cat food usually has a lower caloric content. Some indoor cat foods are formulated to be easy on your cat's GI tract, aiding in digestion, and decreasing the odor that emanates from their litter box. Popular foods for Oriental cats include: Royal Canin Feline Health Nutrition, Hill's Ideal Balance Canned Cat Food, and Royal Canin Feline Health Nutrition Kitten Instinctive. Don't give your cat human food. While many foods that people eat are safe for Oriental cats to eat, specific foods or methods of preparation (like frying) may cause issues for your furry friend. Thus, don't give your Oriental cat human food unless you are sure it is safe. Some common food that your Oriental cat should not eat include: The seeds of fruits Grapes Fried foods Many types of nuts Tomatoes The sweetener xylitol Chocolate Stay regular with your veterinarian. Orientals share many of the health conditions that afflict Siamese cats. Thus, you should learn about the many conditions that your cat could develop and make sure to keep regular vet appointments. Common conditions your vet may be able to catch in the early stages include: Asthma or bronchial disease Congenital heart problems like aortic stenosis Gastrointestinal problems Lymphoma Progressive retinal atrophy Neurological disorders like hyperesthesia. Spay or neuter your cat as soon as possible. Take the cat to the vet to have the procedure done. Spaying and neutering prevents unwanted pregnancies. It can also reduce your cat's urge to roam or to mark its territory in your home. It is best to have your cat spayed or neutered by 4 months of age, but you can get the procedure done at any point over 8 weeks of age. Vaccinate your cat. Vaccinations will prevent your cat from catching major feline diseases like feline leukemia. Cats usually get their first vaccine at 6 weeks of age. After that, they need vaccines every 3 to 4 weeks. The last booster should happen no sooner than 16 weeks of age. If your cat has never had vaccinations, you can take it to the vet to start. If you bought your cat as a kitten from a breeder, you can call the breeder to see what vaccines they gave the cat. You can also call the rescue or shelter you adopted your cat from to see if they have vaccinated your cat already. Prevent parasites by using monthly medication. A monthly flea treatment, such as Advantage or Frontline Plus, can prevent your cat from picking up fleas. You might also comb your cat's hair with a flea comb once a month. If your cat is a kitten or a stray, your vet can deworm them for you. Provide your cat with stimulation. As relatively active and energetic cats, you need to provide your Oriental cat with stimulation. This is important, as cats that aren't stimulated could become antisocial or destructive. Interact with your Oriental cat as much as you can. Try to reserve play time before work, after work, and at night. Even five minutes of interaction before you leave for work will be beneficial to your cat. Consider adopting a second cat, if you don't already have one. Purchase toys like a scratching post, stuffed mice, or a fishing pole teaser toy. Be careful of the cold. Since Oriental cats are slim and very often have short hair, you'll need to be extra sensitive about the temperature in your home and your cat's exposure to cold. This is important, as shorthaired cats have a severe sensitivity to the cold. Try to maintain a temperature of 68 degrees Fahrenheit (20 degrees Celsius) or warmer in your home. Avoid letting your Oriental cat roam outside during the late fall or winter months. Consider providing your cat with a sweater during the cold winter months. Keep your cat indoors. Oriental cats are bred primarily to be indoor cats. As a result, you should keep them inside to protect them from a variety of dangers. Some dangers include: Predators, like birds of prey such as hawks and eagles. Cars. Theft. Get your cat microchipped. Microchipping is an increasingly popular way that pet owners can attach contact and medical information onto their pet. This way, if your cat gets lost, a veterinarian or animal shelter worker will be able to contact you. Talk to your veterinarian about implanting your cat with a microchip. Microchips typically cost between $10 and $50 dollars to implant. You'll also have to pay either a lifetime or annual fee so you can update your contact information with the microchip company.	Comb your cat. Trim their nails. Brush their teeth. Avoid overfeeding your Oriental. Provide your cat with a food formulated for its environment. Don't give your cat human food. Stay regular with your veterinarian. Spay or neuter your cat as soon as possible. Vaccinate your cat. Prevent parasites by using monthly medication. Provide your cat with stimulation. Be careful of the cold. Keep your cat indoors. Get your cat microchipped.
https://www.wikihow.com/Congratulate-Someone	How to Congratulate Someone	To congratulate someone in person, offer your congrats on their accomplishment right off the bat and be sure to smile to show your sincerity. You can begin this statement by telling them how you heard about their good news, like through a Facebook post or from a mutual friend. Next, express how happy you are with a phrase like “I'm really happy for you!” For a heartfelt and genuine gesture, ask questions to learn more about their success, like the due date of their baby if they're expecting a child.	Bring up the accomplishment. Don't skirt around the issue when there's something to celebrate! Mention the reason that congratulations are in order right off the bat. If you want, you can tell the person how you heard the news. This will set the right tone and make it easier to say the right words and share in the person's excitement. Here are a few ways to bring it up: Craig, I heard the big news that you're engaged! How wonderful! Celine, your father told me that you scored more points than anyone else on the team this season. Lola, I just saw your Facebook post. I am so excited to hear that you're having a baby! Marcus, we just heard the great news that you were promoted to senior manager. Say "congratulations" with a smile. After stating the achievement, express your congratulations with a winning smile. The expression on your face is pretty important, because if you say congratulations with a serious look on your face, the person will probably think you aren't actually all that happy for him or her. If you're congratulating a close friend or relative, you can give the person a hug, too. If you're worried your facial expression won't come off the way you want it to, you might try practicing in the mirror at home before you see the person. Your tone of voice matters, too. When you say "congratulations," sound excited - not flat. Mention your feelings on the subject. If it's appropriate, you can follow up the word "congratulations" with an expression of how you feel. For example, you could say that you've enjoyed watching the person work toward his or her goal, or simply say "I'm really happy for you." Be as expressive as you want, keeping in mind that your tone of voice will really make a difference. Another way you could follow your initial expression of congratulations is by asking some questions about the accomplishment. If your friend is having a baby, for instance, you could ask about the due date, or ask if there's any way you can help out in the coming months. If you're expressing congratulations in a professional setting, especially to your boss or manager, it's fine to be a bit more private after you've expressed congratulations. Stick with the usual customs of your workplace; if people are generally friendly and effusive, say as much as you want. If you work in a traditional corporate environment, you may not want to go overboard. Try to make it heartfelt. No matter why you're congratulating someone, try to make your words and actions as genuine as possible. Of course, there are moments when it's necessary to congratulate someone when you're not feeling particularly happy for them, and in those cases you just have to fake it as well as you can. But try to remember that you'll have your turn in the spotlight at some point, and there's nothing wrong with celebrating someone else and trying your best to emanate positive vibes instead of nursing jealous thoughts. If you feel forced to congratulate someone when you really aren't happy for them, it might be best to send a note instead of congratulating him or her in person. You might not be able to control your facial expressions face to face. The person could be left feeling deflated, or wondering whether you're jealous. Send an email or card. In addition to saying "congrats" in person, you might want to send a congratulatory note. You could send a simple email or Facebook note, or write a message on a card you pick out from the stationery store. The note you write should include the basics - a mention of the accomplishment, the word "congratulations," and a few happy sentiments. This note is perfect for a relative: Dear Suzette, we learned that you and George are expecting a new baby this year. Congratulations! We are thrilled that a new member will soon be joining the Comer clan! We can't wait to see you at the Halloween party to hear how things are going. Much love, Betty and Pete If you're writing a note to a colleague, make it a bit more formal: Joan, I heard the great news that you were promoted to Chief of Staff. Allow me to express my heartfelt congratulations on this accomplishment. I know the company will change in very positive ways under your leadership. All best, Ryan To congratulate someone on getting married, it's okay to gush a little: Tim and Mary, from the moment I saw the two of you together it was clear you were meant for each other. You're an amazing couple, and everyone who knows you can feel the love you two exude. Congratulations on starting your journey together! I wish you many years of happiness! Love, Brenda Send a gift. If the occasion is special enough to merit a gift, something thoughtful and not too expensive is usually the right way to go. Choose a gift that lets the person know you want to celebrate with them and send it with a note of congratulations. You can't go wrong with flowers, whether you want to mark a professional achievement or a personal landmark. Food items are also usually welcome. Pick a universal favorite, like chocolates or fresh fruit. A bottle of wine or good bourbon might be a good choice. For a high school or college graduate, a small amount of cash will probably be appreciated. Spread the word. You can help spread the person's joy by telling other people the good news, so they can congratulate the person as well. Write a congratulatory post on Facebook, or get everyone in the office to sign a card. Before you decide to spread the word, just make sure the news is yours to share! Some people might prefer to keep good news private until they're ready to reveal it to more people. Celebrate with a party. If your best friend got into the college of her dreams, or your colleague is moving on to greener pastures, having a party to congratulate the person is a great way to show how much you care. It doesn't have to be a giant bash - you could hold an after-work gathering at a restaurant, or invite people over for pizza to celebrate. The person you're congratulating will never forget your kind gesture! Congratulate someone on a professional achievement. In the workplace, there will be many occasions for congratulating your colleagues on their new promotion or job. Remember to keep your company culture in mind when you choose how to congratulate someone at work. Don't be overly effusive in a formal office atmosphere - keep it professional. Here are some great ways to congratulate someone at work: Say "congratulations" in person, with a genuine smile. Write a brief and professional congratulatory note. If you're close to the person, you could take him or her out for drinks or bring a treat to the office for everyone to share. Share your excitement that someone is getting married. When you're congratulating someone who just got engaged or married, show some excitement for them! Give them a call or write a note on Facebook to tell them you wish them many years of happiness. If you're close, an additional gesture is probably in order: Send a card with a personal note congratulating the couple. Consider sending a small gift, like flowers or a bottle of wine. If the person is a colleague, have everyone in the office sign a card for the happy coworker. Consider throwing a shower if you're close to the person. Offer congrats to someone having a baby. A baby on the way is another sentimental occasion that should be marked with a genuine smile and hug. If your friend, relative or colleague announced a pregnancy, say congratulations in person and consider doing the following: Send a card. It's customary to do so, and you'll find many options in the stationary store. Send a gift. If you feel like it, you could send a little baby gift in anticipation of the birth. Throw a shower. If you're close to the person, you might be the right one to organize a baby shower. Congratulate someone for getting through a tough time. If you notice that someone has overcome some personal hurdles, you might want to show your encouragement and love by congratulating them. For example, maybe your friend just finished a round of chemo and found out that her cancer is in remission, or your aunt just finished getting her degree after many years of hard work. Figure out the gesture that best matches the situation. Sending a thoughtfully-written note is always a nice idea - especially when the person isn't expecting to get it. Taking the person out to dinner or out for drinks is a good way to celebrate a personal achievement.	Bring up the accomplishment. Say "congratulations" with a smile. Mention your feelings on the subject. Try to make it heartfelt. Send an email or card. Send a gift. Spread the word. Celebrate with a party. Congratulate someone on a professional achievement. Share your excitement that someone is getting married. Offer congrats to someone having a baby. Congratulate someone for getting through a tough time.
https://www.wikihow.com/Take-Care-of-an-Apple-Snail	How to Take Care of an Apple Snail	To take care of an apple snail, keep it in a 10-gallon tank that's filled with 2 inches of aquarium gravel or pebbles. Then, fill the tank with clean water, and bury a few aquatic plants in the gravel, like java moss or water wisteria. Next, hook up a filter to help keep the water clean, and set up a heater so you can keep the temperature between 75 and 85 degrees Fahrenheit. Finally, let the tank cycle for 2 weeks before introducing your apple snail to it.	Purchase a 10 US gal (38 L) tank with a lid. Even though they are slow-moving creatures, apple snails will still need plenty of room to move around. Purchase a tank that is able to hold at least 10 gallons (38 L) of water and place it in a corner of your chosen room. A 10 US gal (38 L) tank will be able to house around 3 to 4 apple snails. Each additional apple snail will need around 2.5 gallons (9.5 L) of space, as will any other fish or creatures you want to add to your aquarium. Keep your tank away from direct sunlight or strong breezes, as this may change the temperature of the water in your tank and make it uncomfortable for your snails. Also, set the tank up somewhere out of the way where it can be observed without being knocked around. Ensure there is at least 1 electrical socket nearby, as you'll likely need it to power a heater and your tank filter. A tank holding 10 gallons (38 L) of water will be very heavy. Make sure it is sitting on something that can easily hold that weight. Cover the bottom of the tank with around 2 inches (5.1 cm) of gravel. Buy a bag of aquarium gravel or pebbles from your local pet store. Rinse them in a bucket or through a colander to clean away any dust, before carefully scooping them into the tank. Add enough gravel to form a layer on the bottom of the tank around 2 inches (5.1 cm) deep. Make sure your gravel or pebbles are smooth so your snails don't get hurt from sitting on them. Avoid painted rocks and pebbles, as these may contain chemicals that will be harmful to your snails and will often begin to flake after a few months. Use a small scoop or a bowl to lower the gravel or pebbles into the tank. If you pour the gravel in, it might scratch or damage the glass of your aquarium. Fill the tank with water. Place a small bowl or plate on the bottom of your aquarium. Use a large jug or a garden hose to begin carefully filling your tank with clean, fresh water. Pour the water onto the bowl or plate so it can slowly pour off the sides. This way the water being poured in won't disturb the gravel. Make sure your aquarium is properly placed before you fill it with water, as it will become very heavy and difficult to move once it's full. Decorate the aquarium with aquatic plants. Aquatic plants will help oxygenate the water of your tank, and decorations will give your snails something to look at and interact with. Plant a few aquatic plants, such as java moss or water wisteria, in the gravel at the bottom of your tank. Look online or at your local pet store to find some decorations for your tank as well. Try and keep around 1/3 of your tank free from decorations and plants. This will give your snails plenty of room to move around freely, while still letting them interact with your decorations. Your snails may try to eat the plants you add to your aquarium. This may be a sign that you aren't feeding them enough, but might simply be because your plants can be eaten. Try feeding your snails more food or more frequently to stop them from snacking on your plants. Otherwise, you may need to replace the plants more frequently, or with a variety that your snails leave alone. Add a filter to your tank. There are many different types of filters that you can add to your tank, but all of them will help balance the bacteria in the aquarium and keep your snails healthy. Purchase a tank filter online or from your local pet store and set it up in your tank according to the manufacturer's instructions. There are many different types of filters for tanks of all shapes and sizes. Research the different filters or ask at your local pet store for help in choosing the perfect filter for your home set-up. Leave your tank to cycle for 2 weeks. Doing a fishless cycle in your tank will let it safely build up the bacteria in the tank. Turn your filter on and let it run for at least 2 weeks, adding a small pinch of fish food each day to help balance the ammonia levels. Don't purchase any snails until you have left your tank to cycle for at least 2 weeks. Leaving your tank to cycle will allow the water in the tank to balance and make it safer for your snails when you add them. Check the pH levels of your water. Apple snails will thrive happily in slightly alkaline water with a pH level of around 7 to 8. Purchase a liquid pH test kit online or from your local pet store. Follow the manufacturer's instructions to test the pH level of the water to make sure it's in the safe range for your snails. If the pH level of your tank is less than 7, you can increase it by adding something basic such as baking soda. If the pH level of the aquarium is above 8, you can lower it by adding some driftwood. If you're worried about the pH level of your water, purchase a pH regulator online or from your local pet store and install it in your tank. Test the water for ammonia and nitrite. The bacteria built up in your tank's filter should help keep the levels of ammonia and nitrites very close to 0. Purchase an ammonia/nitrate test kit and follow the manufacturers' instructions to check the levels of ammonia and nitrate in the water of your tank. If the ammonia and nitrate levels in your tank are too high and need to be lowered , replace 25% of the water in your tank and leave the filter to run for another day. Test it again to check the ammonia/nitrate levels and repeat until they are low enough for your snails to live comfortably. Add a heater and thermometer to the tank to regulate the temperature. Your apple snails will be most comfortable in water that is between 75 to 85 °F (24 to 29 °C). To make sure the water doesn't get too cold, purchase an aquarium heater and thermometer. Install them in the tank and follow the manufacturer's instructions to turn them on and begin regulating the temperature. Let the heater sit in the aquarium water for at least 30 minutes before plugging it in and turning it on. Otherwise, the sudden shift in temperature could cause the heater to shatter. Make sure you install the heater with a drip loop. This is a loop in the cord that dips down before it reaches the wall socket. This will allow any water that runs down the cord to drip off onto the ground rather than going directly into the electrical socket and causing it to short-circuit. Place your snails on the bottom of the aquarium. Once your aquarium is set up and the pH level, ammonia/nitrate level, and the temperature are all in the comfortable range for your snails, you can pick them up and lower them into the tank. Place the snails on gravel bottom and leave them for 8 hours or overnight to adjust to their new home. Your snails will be too busy getting used to their new tank that they won't be ready to eat for at least 8 hours. Wait to feed your snails until at least 8 hours after you put them in the tank to avoid food sinking to the bottom and rotting. Feed your snails with blanched vegetables each day. Snails will eat almost anything, but they particularly love slightly blanched vegetables. Finely dice a mix of shelled peas, carrot, cucumber, broccoli, cauliflower, zucchini, or iceberg lettuce and cook them very quickly in boiling water. Wait for them to cool before sprinkling a small handful into the water. Feed your snails a small amount and make sure they consume all of it within 12 hours. Increase the amount of food you give them each day until they stop being able to eat all of it. Reduce the amount of food slightly and keep to that amount each day. If you notice food left at the bottom of the tank 12 hours after you feed your snails, scoop it out to prevent it from decomposing. If you notice this happening, reduce the amount you feed your snails in the next feeding. Add calcium to the water each week. Apple snails need additional calcium to be added to the water to help their tanks stay strong and healthy. Purchase some crushed sea shells, cuttlebone or shell grit online or from your local pet store. Add a small handful to your tank once a week to give your snails plenty of calcium. Keep an eye on your snails' shells. Any irregular growth or spots can be a sign that your snails aren't getting enough calcium. Watch the snails’ shells for signs of illness. As they are quite small creatures, it can be very difficult to tell if your snails are staying healthy. Normally, a snail's shell will be the main sign that something is wrong. Keep an eye on your snails' shells for any changes in color or irregular patterns that may indicate that they're ill. If you think your snail is ill, check the water quality to make sure it is still in the healthy ranges for apple snails. Check for white spots on your snail's skin, which could be a sign that they have a parasite. Consult a vet or look online for more advice on diagnosing and treating parasites on your snail. Remove any snails that pass away. Even if you take great care of your snails, they will eventually pass away. If you notice that your snail has stopped moving for a few days, doesn't stick to the tank, and begins to smell, lift it out of the tank and dispose of it safely. You could bury your snail somewhere in your garden if you want to give it a nice burial. Otherwise, place it in a small container and put it in your trash can. Wear gloves when handling a snail that has begun to decompose, and wash your hands once you have finished with it. Avoid adding fish large enough to eat your snails. There are plenty of fish, such as guppies and platys, that will make for great tank mates for your snails. However, a bigger fish may see apple snails as tasty treats if they can fit one in its mouth. Don't put any fish in the same tank as your apple snails that will be able to eat them. Loaches and catfish are both very predatory fish that will love eating your snails. Never put them in the same tank as an apple snail.	Purchase a 10 US gal (38 L) tank with a lid. Cover the bottom of the tank with around 2 inches (5.1 cm) of gravel. Fill the tank with water. Decorate the aquarium with aquatic plants. Add a filter to your tank. Leave your tank to cycle for 2 weeks. Check the pH levels of your water. Test the water for ammonia and nitrite. Add a heater and thermometer to the tank to regulate the temperature. Place your snails on the bottom of the aquarium. Feed your snails with blanched vegetables each day. Add calcium to the water each week. Watch the snails’ shells for signs of illness. Remove any snails that pass away. Avoid adding fish large enough to eat your snails.
https://www.wikihow.com/Process-Payroll	How to Process Payroll	To process payroll, make sure you gather all of the necessary information for each pay period, including the rate of pay and the number of hours worked by each employee. Next, multiply your employee's hourly rate by the number of hours they worked to get their gross pay. Alternatively, if your employees are salaried, divide their annual salary by the number of payments you make each calendar year. Finally, deduct the appropriate amount for federal income tax before issuing the payment.	Instruct all employees to complete a W-4 form so that you can properly calculate federal tax withholdings on wages. This form is used to document the worker's filing status. You also use the W-4 form to calculate the number of allowances the employee wants. Both the filing status and the allowances impact the amount of federal tax withheld from wages. The worker's filing status can be married, single or head of household. There are several other variable that can impact filing status. The taxpayer's filing status impacts the dollar amount of wages withheld. A W-4 form includes a personal allowance worksheet. The employee calculates their allowances, based on the number of dependents they have. If the worker is married, the employee also receives an allowance if their spouse is not working. The more allowances claimed by an employee, the less federal tax is withheld from gross pay. Gather all of the payroll information for each pay period. As an employer, you may process payroll weekly, bi-monthly or once a month. Regardless of how often you pay, you need to gather the necessary records to compute gross wages. You need to maintain updated payroll records for each employee. While some companies keep spreadsheet records, you can operate more efficiently by using payroll software. Your records should indicate each employee's current salary. For hourly workers, you need to document the hourly rate of pay, including overtime pay. Payroll software can calculate which employee hours should be counted as overtime. Hourly workers should post their time using a formal timecard. You need a specific process in place to track the exact number of hours worked each day. Employers should be required to immediately post their time each day, so that your records are always current. Calculate gross wages for each worker. When you reach the end of a pay period, compute the gross wages owed for all of your employees. The calculations will vary, depending on whether the worker is salaried or is paid on an hourly basis. Use software to compute the gross wages owed to salaries workers each pay period. Say, for example, that an employee's annual salary is $52,000 a year. You process payroll 26 times a year (every 2 weeks). Each payroll period, the worker earns ($52,000 divided by 26), or $2,000 in gross wages. Assume that a worker earns a $25 per hour rate of pay for regular hours, and a $37.50 rate for overtime hours (overtime rate in the US is 1.5x the normal rate). Overtime is most often paid for all hours worked over 40 hours in a calendar week. For the most recent pay period, the employee worked 45 hours in week one and 40 hours in week two. You need to calculate both regular hours and overtime hours. The regular hour pay is (80 hours multiplied by $25 = $2,000). Overtime pay earned totals (5 hours X $37.50 = $187.50). The gross wages for this employee add up to $2,187.50. Determine the proper withholding amount for federal income tax. The primary method that most taxpayers use to pay their tax liability is through paycheck withholdings. Your employer submits the wages withheld to the IRS on your behalf. To find out more about many payroll tax issues, use this link: Calculate Payroll Taxes. Assume that you owe $10,000 in federal taxes on your $50,000 annual gross wages. Say that your employer has withheld $9,000 of that $10,000 liability. On a bi-monthly payment schedule this would appear as $375 withheld by your employer per pay period (a total of $9000 / year) with an actual federal tax liability of $416.67 per pay period (a total of $10,000 / year). All wage earners receive a W-2 form from their employer. This form documents your gross wages and your withholdings, including federal and state tax withholdings. When you file your tax return, you include a copy of your W-2. That W-2 will state that $9,000 in tax was withheld from pay. The worker files the tax return and pays the remaining $1,000 in federal taxes due. As an employer, you can use IRS Publication 15 (Circular E) to compute withholdings. Choose either the Percentage Method or the Wage Bracket Method and use the appropriate chart in the publication. Deduct other required amounts from gross pay. Employers are also required to deduct amounts for social security, Medicare, and federal unemployment taxes. Keep in mind that the employer must calculate each tax withholding for each individual worker. The business reports the information and submits payment to each taxing authority. Social Security provides an income to retired people and those who are disabled. The tax rate is 6.2% for 2015. Once an employee has reached a gross cumulative pay of $118,500, no additional Social Security tax is withheld. Medicare provides medical coverage for the elderly and people who are disabled. The 2015 tax rate is currently 1.45%. All wages are subject to this tax. Employers pay into both a state unemployment tax and a federal unemployment tax system. Both systems provide income to people who are out of work. You should pay the required state tax first. The federal tax calculation allows you to receive a credit for taxes you're paid into your state system Compute other deductions and submit payments to taxing authorities. Processing payroll can be difficult, because you have to report and submit withholdings to several different entities. Because of this complexity, you should strongly consider investing in payroll software. Many businesses hire a payroll company to handle payroll issues. You may find that hiring an outside expert can help you save and time money. A payroll company can make the withholding calculations and submit the net payment amounts to each worker's bank account. You supply the employee data and the company bank account you use to process payments. You may need to deduct additional employee items such as retirement plan contributions, health insurance premiums and charitable contributions. Keep in mind that some payments are deducted before taxes are calculated. Other amounts are deducted after taxes have been computed. All deductions should appear on the employee's pay stub individually, and are typically listed with values for both the current pay period's deduction and the cumulative "year to date" deductions for a given line item. Pre-tax versus post-tax deductions are usually noted as such and often appear in separate sections.	Instruct all employees to complete a W-4 form so that you can properly calculate federal tax withholdings on wages. Gather all of the payroll information for each pay period. Calculate gross wages for each worker. Determine the proper withholding amount for federal income tax. Deduct other required amounts from gross pay. Compute other deductions and submit payments to taxing authorities.
https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Rid-of-Toe-Cramps	How to Get Rid of Toe Cramps	To get rid of toe cramps, try massaging the muscles in your feet and toes, focusing especially on the arches of your feet. You can also stretch your toes by sitting on the floor with your legs in front of you and flexing your toes back and forth several times. Alternatively, prepare a foot bath with warm water and a cup of Epsom salts. Then, soak your feet in it for 15 minutes to increase blood flow to your toes and relax your muscles.	Massage your feet and toes. You can massage the muscles of your feet and toes to help relieve toe cramps. As you massage your feet and toes, pay special attention to the arches of your feet and the muscles between your toes that run along the top of your foot. It's best to massage your foot in the opposite direction of the cramp. If you feel a knot in one of the muscles in your feet or toes, use your thumb to apply pressure to the knot for three to five seconds and then release. Repeat the massage two to three times or until the cramp goes away. You can use a massage roller or tennis ball to roll over with your foot. You can use a frozen water bottle, providing ice relief at the same time. Stretch and wiggle your toes. Performing a simple toe stretch followed by some toe wiggling may also help to get rid of your toe cramps. Stretching and wiggling your toes can help to relax the muscles that are causing your toes to cramp. To do a toe stretch, sit on the floor or on your bed with your legs out in front of you. Then, flex your toes forward and hold for a few seconds. Then, pull them back and hold for a few more seconds. Next, spread your toes out as far as they will stretch. Try to spread out your toes enough so that they are not touching each other. Then, repeat the process of bending your toes forward and back. Spread your toes again and then start to wiggle your toes. Keep wiggling your toes until the cramp goes away. Sometimes stretching the calf muscles can also ease off the tightness in the foot and toes. Simply stand facing a wall, positioning one foot in front of the other — the affected foot should be the back foot. Lean forward in a lunge, feeling a stretch in the calf of the back leg. Hold this position for 30 seconds. Repeat four to five times. Hold a toe and foot stretch until the cramp is gone. If you find it hard or ineffective to stretch and wiggle your toes, then you may need a more powerful stretch. You can use your hands to help you stretch your toes and get rid of toe cramps. To stretch your toes with your hands, sit down with the cramping foot crossed over your other knee. Then, grab your toes and pull them back slightly so that you feel a stretch. Hold this stretch for three to five seconds and then release. Repeat this stretch until the cramp is gone. Soak your toes in a warm bath. You may also find it helpful to soak your toes in a warm bath or foot tub. The heat will relax the muscles in your feet and toes and help to increase blood flow. You can also add Epsom salts to the foot bath for some added relaxation. To use warm water to get rid of toe cramps, pour yourself a warm bath or fill a foot tub with warm water. If using a bath, then add about one to two cups of Epsom salts to the bath. If using a foot tub, then add a couple of tablespoons of Epsom salts to the tub. Immerse your feet in the bath or soak them in the foot tub for about 15–20 minutes to relax the cramps away. Go for a walk. Staying active can help to prevent foot and toe cramps and it may also help to relieve them. If you get a cramp in your toes, try going for a quick walk to relieve the cramp. Try to incorporate a few short walks into your daily routine to help prevent and treat toe cramps throughout the day. Stay hydrated. Toe cramps may be caused by dehydration, so make sure that you drink plenty of water. Try to drink at least six to eight 8-ounce glasses of water every day to stay hydrated. If you are active, then you may need to drink more. Take a multivitamin. You may also get toe cramps because of a mineral deficiency. One way to ensure that you are getting enough minerals is to take a daily vitamin that includes 100% of your daily value of vitamins and minerals. Make sure that the multivitamin you choose contains sodium, magnesium, calcium, and potassium. A deficiency of any of these four minerals may cause leg cramps. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for how to take the supplement and talk to your doctor if you have any questions about choosing the right supplement for you. Eat a well-balanced diet as well to help prevent toe cramps. Include plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein in your diet. Wear comfortable footwear. Uncomfortable shoes may also lead to foot cramps for some people. Try to choose low-heeled shoes with wide toe-boxes. Avoid narrow toed shoes that make it hard or impossible for you to move your toes. You should be able to wiggle your toes in your shoes. Stretch your toes and feet often. Stretching your toes and feet more often may also help to prevent toe cramps. Make sure that you stretch your feet, toes, calves, and legs before you do any exercise and before you go to bed. Try toe stretchers. You can also wear toe stretchers at night if you are prone to toe cramps while you sleep. Toe stretchers keep your toes separated from each other and help to stretch the small muscles around your toes as well. You can find toe stretchers in the beauty section of drug stores. They are meant to be used to keep toes apart during a pedicure, but they may also help prevent toe cramps. Perform strengthening exercises. Strengthening exercises can fortify the foot and tendons and muscles that act directly on the toes. One exercise is doing calf raises. Stand with your hands steady against the wall or a chair. Raise your heels up, hold for five seconds and then come back to neutral. Repeat eight to 10 times. You can also work on towel curls. Place a flat towel on the ground. Put your foot over the towel, and attempt to roll it up using your toes. Once you do, use your toes and foot to roll the towel back out. Do this exercise about three times a week. Keep your toes and feet warm. If your feet and toes get cold, then this may lead to cramping as well. Wear socks or slippers around the house and wear warm socks with appropriate footwear when you go outside. Try using a heating pad to warm your feet if warm socks are not enough. See your doctor if foot cramps are chronic or do not improve. Foot and toe cramps may be a symptom of an underlying medical condition, so you should see a doctor as soon as possible if your foot cramps continue for more than two weeks or if stretching and other remedies do not help. Some of the conditions associated with foot cramps include: Thyroid disorders Nerve damage Parkinson's disease Multiple sclerosis Vitamin D deficiency Diabetes Peripheral Neuropathy Take a pregnancy test. Foot, leg, and toe cramps are more common if you are pregnant, so you may want to take a pregnancy test if you have noticed an increase in these symptoms. If you are pregnant, then you should talk to your doctor about how you can manage your toe cramps. Ask about your medications. Some medications can cause foot and toe cramps as a side effect, so you may want to ask your doctor to see if your medication are to blame. Your doctor may be able to switch your medication or try a different dosage to minimize this side effect. Some of the common medications that have been known to cause cramps are diuretics and cholesterol-lowering medications such as statins.	Massage your feet and toes. Stretch and wiggle your toes. Hold a toe and foot stretch until the cramp is gone. Soak your toes in a warm bath. Go for a walk. Stay hydrated. Take a multivitamin. Wear comfortable footwear. Stretch your toes and feet often. Try toe stretchers. Perform strengthening exercises. Keep your toes and feet warm. See your doctor if foot cramps are chronic or do not improve. Take a pregnancy test. Ask about your medications.
https://www.wikihow.com/Cut-Wire	How to Cut Wire	With the right tools and cutting technique, you can cut any wire. Use diagonal cutting pliers to cut any kind of wire. If you have a choice of tools, use lineman's pliers to cut or splice electrical wire, and long-nose pliers for small-gauged wire. If you're cutting live wire, make sure the electricity's off so you don't electrocute yourself. Whichever wire you're cutting, make a straight cut, directly across the wire with your cutters. Squeeze the handles gently so the end of the wire doesn't fly into the air and hit you. If the wire doesn't cut through in one go, just open the pliers and try again.	Use Lineman’s pliers to splice or cut electrical wires. Lineman's pliers have their cutting device on the side, and they are used for many different construction and electrical jobs. If you need to grip, strip , or cut any sort of electrical wire, this is the safest choice. Lineman's pliers are also known as “side cutting” pliers. Select long-nose pliers if you are cutting a small-gauged wire. Long-nose pliers have a slim, pointed end, and the ends of the pliers may be either straight or bent. These are often used to reach small wires or get into awkward places. Use these if you are cutting 8- to 24- gauge wire. Since they have a narrow tip, long-nose pliers also work great to bend loops into wires and attach multiple wires together. If you are cutting wire for a jewelry project or trimming guitar strings, this may be a good option. Go with diagonal cutting pliers for a standard, all-purpose option. If you don't have many tools but need a basic wire-cutter, this is the tool for you. Diagonal cutting pliers have a sharp, rounded tip, making them great for stripping and cutting wire. You can use these for nearly any type of wire. Diagonal cutting pliers are also widely used for removing pins and nails as well. If you want to cut a wire hanger, for example, this is a good option. Try end-cutting pliers if you want to make a close cut. End-cutting pliers have a short, stunted tip, which works great for trimming wire without taking much off the end. These work great for projects where you don't have much wire left over or if you need to splice 2 wires close together. You can also use end-cutting pliers to cut nails and rivets. Avoid using scissors to cut wire. It is best to use a wire cutter or plier hand tool rather than using scissors or a blade. Even a sharp pair of scissors may not cut through wire without damaging the internal metal. It is also easy to slip and cut yourself when cutting wire with a pair of scissors, since the blade may not grip the wire as well as a set of pliers. Wear safety glasses to protect against flyaway pieces. While you are snipping and stripping wire, pieces of the coating or the wire can fly up and pierce your eye. To prevent this, always put on safety glasses or goggles to cover your eyes. If you'd like, you can also wear protective gloves to prevent poking your fingers with the wires. While this is not required, it can be helpful if cutting lots of wire at the same time. Put your wire on a flat work surface so you can stand comfortably. Place the object you are working with on a table or countertop. You want to stand comfortably without having to bend forward or backward when you make your cuts. This way, you have less chance of injuring yourself. If you are leaning forward or backward and happen to lose your balance, you have a greater chance of hurting yourself with your tool or hitting your head. Shut down the power source if you have one before snipping any wires. If you are cutting electrical wires, audio wires, or computer wires, be sure to power down your device before you get started. If your device is still on, you could get shocked as you make your snips, or your wires can get damaged. For instance, if you are cutting the wires in your computer, make sure the computer is powered off before you begin. Unravel the wire from the spool if cutting new wire. If you are cutting a fresh piece of jewelry wire, barbed wire, or electrical wire, for example, find the end of the wire and pull it off of the spool to your desired length. This way, you can have a smaller piece of wire to size and shape as needed. Ensure your tools are clean, sharp, and in good condition. If the blade of your tool is dull or if there is a lot of rust, the tool may not cut the wire correctly. Also, wipe down your tool with a clean cloth before you get started. If your pliers or wire cutters are dirty before you use them, this can cause you to slip up as you make the cut. If your tools are not in proper working condition, do not use them. Additionally, apply a drop of oil to your tool every 1-3 weeks to keep them in good condition. The oil makes the hinge work better over time. Grip the handles of your tool properly and securely. Hold the pliers in your dominant hand so your thumb sits on top of one end of the handle and your other fingers fit around the other end. This helps you control the tool when making your snips. If you hold the tool incorrectly, you can slip when you make your cut, injuring yourself or damaging the wire. Bring the tool to your wire where you want to make your cut. Open the handle of your tool all of the way, and place your wire at the inner snipping section of your pliers or cutters. Place the wire in your tool so the spot you want to snip is exactly centered with the tip of your tool. The inner snipping section is slightly different depending on your tool. For instance, diagonal cutting pliers will have a diagonally-shaped blade. Make your cut at a right angle so you don’t damage the wire. For a clean, even cut, position your tool at a right angle after you bring the tool to the wire. This way, the blade of your plier or wire cutter can easily make a clean cut. If you do not cut the wire at a right angle, you may damage the wire and it may not work any longer. Apply force gently onto the handles to snip the wire. When you cut wire, it's best to slowly and gradually make your cut. Squeeze both sides of the handle together gradually so you do not use too much force. As you do this, avoid rocking your tool from side to side or bending the wire. If you cut the wire too forcefully, the tail of the wire may fly up into the air. If the wire does not cut entirely with 1 snip, open the handle of your tool and make another cut at a right angle.	Use Lineman’s pliers to splice or cut electrical wires. Select long-nose pliers if you are cutting a small-gauged wire. Go with diagonal cutting pliers for a standard, all-purpose option. Try end-cutting pliers if you want to make a close cut. Avoid using scissors to cut wire. Wear safety glasses to protect against flyaway pieces. Put your wire on a flat work surface so you can stand comfortably. Shut down the power source if you have one before snipping any wires. Unravel the wire from the spool if cutting new wire. Ensure your tools are clean, sharp, and in good condition. Grip the handles of your tool properly and securely. Bring the tool to your wire where you want to make your cut. Make your cut at a right angle so you don’t damage the wire. Apply force gently onto the handles to snip the wire.
https://www.wikihow.com/Germinate-Cannabis-Seeds	How to Germinate Cannabis Seeds	To germinate cannabis seeds, start in late March or early April by soaking your seeds in distilled water for 24 hours. Then, moisten 2 sheets of paper towels with the water and lay them on a plate. Next, use tweezers to remove the seeds from the water and place them on the paper towels. After that, cover the seeds with 2 moist paper towels and a second plate, and put the whole thing in a warm, dark place. Check your seeds and re-moisten the paper towels as necessary until the seeds germinate.	Know the law. Recreational and medicinal marijuana use is legal in 4 states (Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington) and Washington D.C. whereas marijuana can only be possessed and used for medically prescribed purposes in 19 states. It is important you familiarize yourself with state laws and regulations before attempting home cultivation. In a search engine, type the "state name" plus "marijuana laws". Comply with state regulations and restrictions. Cannabis cannot be grown at home, and can only be obtained with a prescription from a licensed physician from licensed dispensaries in Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, and Washington D.C. In Nevada and Arizona, you can only cultivate at home if you live 25 miles or more from a dispensary or receive a hardship waiver. Most states do not allow marijuana use for any reason by individuals under 21 years of age. How many plants you can grow (ranges from 0 to 24) or how much marijuana you can possess at a time (ranges from 1 oz to 24 oz; 10 to 60 day supply) varies by state. You can be fined or arrested if you do not comply. Most states require you to sign-up and pay a registration fee that can range from $15 to $200. Comply with federal laws. Federal laws supersede state laws. The Department of Justice continues marijuana enforcement under the Controlled Substances Act. It is illegal to grow or possess marijuana on public or federal lands, or distribute it to a minor. Comply with international laws. Countries outside the U.S. have their own laws and regulations when it comes to growing and possessing cannabis. Research laws in your country to avoid fines or even imprisonment. Countries where it is legal to grow cannabis include: Colombia (20 plants), Czech Republic (5 plants), Spain, and Switzerland (4 plants). In all these countries, cannabis can only be grown for personal use (medical or recreational) and cannot be sold or transported out of the country. Select the seeds you want to germinate. Cannabis contains over 70 cannabinoids that produce a psychoactive effect in humans, the strongest being delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinal (THC). THC is produced as a sticky resin on the surface of plants. Levels of THC vary based on: part of the plant (buds contain the most followed by the leaves, stems, and seeds), growing conditions, and subspecies. There are three subspecies of cannabis differentiated on the basis of cannabinoid content: sativa, indica, and ruderalis. Untreated or organically grown seeds will produce 50% male (staminate) and 50% female (pistillate) plants. Sativa and indica are the most common types of cannabis grown for recreational or medicinal use. Most plants grown today are sativa-indica hybrids. Indica hybrids are known for their pain-relieving and calming properties, and are good for growing indoors as they only grow 2-3 feet tall and have a diameter of 12-18 inches. Consider different growing methods. Growing cannabis indoors is notoriously energy inefficient and can increase you electricity bills more than 10%. Your seeds will have to be germinated indoors. However, if you plan on replanting outside, you should start your seeds by late-March to early-April at the latest. The growing season for cannabis in the northern hemisphere runs from early May to October. You want to give plants a headstart and gradually acclimate them to outdoor climates by growing indoors under fluorescent grow lights for 2 to 3 weeks after germination. Expect germination to take from 2 days up to 2 weeks. The benefit of growing plants indoors is that you can control temperature, light, and humidity, and they can be grown year-round. Additionally, most states require cannabis to be grown inside in a secure location. Obtain necessary materials. This method uses basic items found around your house, though you may have to purchase distilled water and pH test strips. Feminized cannabis seeds. 1 to 2 gallons of distilled (non-chlorinated) water. 2 clean dinner plates. 1 roll of paper towels. A warm, dark place to store seeds. Tweezers (do not handle seeds with your hands). pH test kit. Good potting soil. Seed tray with 1x1 inch cells or plastic cups. Compact fluorescent Lights. Grow light timer. Soak seeds in distilled water for 24 hours. To distill water at home, fill the container you will use to soak the seeds with tap water and let it sit in the open for 24 hrs to evaporate chlorine. You can also purchase distilled water from a grocery store or plant nursery. Test the pH of the water with pH test strips. It should measure between 5.8 and 6.5. You want pH of water and soil to be as close to ideal as possible to ensure proper germination. The seeds will float at first, but eventually sink. You can give the seeds a little tap with the tweezers to help them sink. If they still float after 24 hours, they might not be viable (able to germinate). Lay two sheets of paper towels over a dinner plate. Use distilled water at room temperature to moisten the paper towels. Drain-off excess water. Place cannabis seeds in center of moist paper towel. Use tweezers to remove seeds from water and place on moistened paper towel. Cover these with two additional moist paper towel sheets. Then, place a second dinner plate over the paper towels and seeds. This will help keep the seeds warm. Keep the seeds covered and store in a warm, dark place. Ideally the temperature should be between 70-90 degrees Fahrenheit for the seeds to germinate. Check seeds and paper towels regularly. Re-moisten the paper towels as needed, making sure to drain any excess water. Plant your germinated seed. After about 5-6 days (though it may take longer depending on the variety) you should observe a small white taproot extending from one end of the seed. Fill a small plastic cup or seed tray with good potting soil and water until saturated. Use your finger to create a 1/4 in (0.75 cm) hole and drop your seeds in with the taproot facing down. Cover with loose soil - do not pat or tamp down soil over the seed. Use a spray bottle to ensure the soil remains moist, but not inundated. A sprout should appear within 4-6 days, and seedlings should have leaves after 10-14 days. Set tray or plastic cups with seedlings under a fluorescent (T5, T8, or T12) grow lamp positioned no closer than 2-4 inches above the surface of the soil. Set grow light to a 24 hour light cycle. Germinated seeds and seedlings require 24 hours. This can be reduced to 16 hours of light once the seedling produces leaves. Obtain necessary materials. Rockwool cubes are better at retaining water than paper towels, you can maintain a constant pH, and they are easier to transplant after sprouting. Feminized cannabis seeds. Set of 1 inch Rockwool cubes. Small pointed object such as a toothpick or clean nail. Metal or plastic tweezers. Waterproof tray to hold water and cubes. Tweezers (do not handle seeds with your hands). pH test kit. pH balancing chemicals (lime juice, pH Up/Down, Phosphoric Acid) 2-liter bottle with plastic lid. A warm, dark place to store seeds. Good potting soil. Seed tray with 1x1 inch cells or plastic cups. Compact fluorescent Lights. Grow light timer. Stabilize and hydrate Rockwool cubes. Rockwool has an alkaline pH of 7.8, which is too high for cannabis seeds that prefer a more acidic environment (pH 5.5 to 6.5). Fill a bowl with tap water or distilled water. Use test strips to measure pH of water. You may have to acidify (decrease the pH value) of the water by adding lime juice or pH down. Add this to water in very small increments (a few drops at a time) and remeasure pH with test strips. Repeat until you reach ideal levels. If the pH of the water goes below 5, you will have to discard it and start over, or increase it with pH Up. Soak Rockwool cubes in water for 1 hour. Remove Rockwool cubes from water. Do not squeeze or drain water - Rockwool is designed to maintain ideal air to water ratio for several days. Do not discard water. Pour into a 2-liter plastic bottle or spray bottle and reuse for watering. Prepare Rockwool cubes for seeds. Place soaked cubes in a waterproof tray. Some cubes come with preformed holes, but if not use a pointy object (clean nails work fine) to create a 1/4 inch (0.75 cm) hole in one side. Make sure the hole is wide enough for the seed to fit. Place 1 cannabis seed in each hole, use a toothpick or tweezers to gently push it down to the bottom. Cover the hole with a small piece of Rockwool to create a dark, moist environment. Cover tray with clear plastic dome or saran wrap. This will help maintain a humid environment by trapping moisture and retaining heat. Place covered tray with cubes 2 to 3 inches under a 40 Watt fluorescent tube. Leave the lights on 24 hours. It should take between 24 hours and 10 days for a sprout to appear. Place a thermometer neck to the tray, underneath the dome or saran wrap. Monitor the temperature, ensuring it does not go below 70 or above 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Cannabis seeds do not require light until their sprouts penetrate the top of the cube. However, it is good to have a light source set-up and ready for when they do sprout - especially since you cannot monitor the seeds 24/7. Check Rockwool cubes 2-3 times a day. Re-moisten them with the pH-balanced water (stored in a 2-liter plastic bottle) if needed. Spray or trickle water onto the cubes until you observe it soaking through and coming out at the bottom. The cubes should be damp, not drenched. Transplant sprouted seeds. After 2-3 weeks, the roots should begin poking out of the Rockwool cube. You want to transplant your seedling before the roots begin to tangle. Cut 1 1/4 inch wide by 1 inch deep holes into a slab of Rockwool. Remove the 1 inch Rockwool cubes, being careful not to touch or damage the roots (you might want to use tongs for this part), and place in holes you already cut out in the big Rockwool slab. If the cube does not fit (too small), gently remove it and widen or deepen the cut. Do not try to force the cube into a hole that is too small. The cube should not sink down into the hole or be lower than the surrounding surface. It is better if the cube sticks out a bit rather than sinking in. This prevents water from pooling that can cause stem rot. Germinate cannabis directly in soil rather than hydroponically. Germinating and growing seeds in soil is beneficial in that it reduces the risk of damaging the plant after it has sprouted or transplanting as a seedling. You can purchase a propagation kit or create your own. You will need: Feminized cannabis seeds. Small peat cups. Waterproof tray to hold peat cups. 40 watt fluorescent grow light. Thermometer. pH test strips. pH balanced water (pH 5.5 to 6.5) in a spray bottle. Saran wrap. Select appropriate potting soil or create your own soil mix. Purchase a soil mix that is entirely organic, such as Sunshine Mix or Pro mix, as many commercial blends contain too much nitrogen or phosphorous. If you purchase a soil mix, check the bag to make sure the pH is between 5.5 to 7. Cannabis does not like alkaline (high pH) soil. Choose a soil mix that drains well. Mixes that drain well often contain a one-to-ten ratio of sand, sponge rock, or pearlite. You can also purchase pearlite separately and mix it in, or add porous materials such as rice hulls or pumice. You can also purchase a mycorrhizae mixture to add to store-bought soil. This is a fungus that is beneficial to plant root growth. If you create your own soil mix rather than buying commercial potting mix, it needs to be sterilized to kill fungus and parasites. Preheat your oven to 180 degrees Fahrenheit. Fill a non-plastic oven safe container with unsterilized soil, making sure it is no more than 4 inches deep. Cover it with aluminum foil and bake for 30 minutes. Remove from oven and set aside to cool. Do not remove aluminum foil until ready to use. Fill peat cups with soil mix and plant cannabis seed. Once you prepare your soil mix, and sterilize it if necessary, use it to fill peat cups. Use your finger to make a small 1/4 inch (0.75 cm) deep hole in the center of the cup. Drop a single cannabis seed in the hole and loosely cover with soil. Place peat cups in waterproof tray. Using a spray bottle filled with pH-balanced water (between 5.5 to 6.5), moisten but do not drench the soil. Stop watering if you notice water seeping out of the cups into the tray. Use saran wrap to create a dome over the tray. You can place a cup in the center of the tray or use toothpicks to support the plastic dome. Once the seeds have been planted, place the covered tray with cups under a 40 watt fluorescent light positioned 3 inches above the tray. Leave on 24 hours until plants begin to sprout. Check soil 2 to 3 times a day to make sure it is moist. If needed, spray with pH-balanced water. Monitor the environment. Cannabis germination and growth can be affected by environmental factors such as moisture, temperature, insects, bacteria and fungi, and ultraviolet radiation. Set a thermometer next to the peat cups under the saran wrap dome. The ideal temperature for germination of cannabis seeds in soil is 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Once they sprout and produce leaves, you can decrease the temperature to 70 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. If you notice insects, remove them manually with your hands as soon as possible to prevent an infestation.	Know the law. Comply with state regulations and restrictions. Comply with federal laws. Comply with international laws. Select the seeds you want to germinate. Consider different growing methods. Obtain necessary materials. Soak seeds in distilled water for 24 hours. Lay two sheets of paper towels over a dinner plate. Place cannabis seeds in center of moist paper towel. Plant your germinated seed. Obtain necessary materials. Stabilize and hydrate Rockwool cubes. Prepare Rockwool cubes for seeds. Cover tray with clear plastic dome or saran wrap. Transplant sprouted seeds. Germinate cannabis directly in soil rather than hydroponically. Select appropriate potting soil or create your own soil mix. Fill peat cups with soil mix and plant cannabis seed. Monitor the environment.
https://www.wikihow.com/Avoid-Injuries-While-Falling-Off-a-Horse	How to Avoid Injuries While Falling Off a Horse	To avoid injuries while falling off of a horse, be sure to drop the reins when you start to fall and push your body out away from your horse. Next, relax your muscles as much as possible and pull in your limbs so that you're in a tucked position. Then, try to land with your feet first, but if that's not possible, stay tucked and roll onto the back of your shoulder. Remember to roll away from the horse and keep rolling until you're right side up.	Decide to fall off when you need to. As a rider, your goal is to stay on the horse. However, at some point when you've run into trouble on your horse, you have to decide that you're falling and commit to it. If you feel like your horse is going down, you need to get off it. That means dropping the reins and preparing to tuck and roll so that you can fall safely. As you decide you're going to fall, kick your feet out of the stirrups to start getting away from the horse. If you hold onto the reins as you fall, you may hurt your shoulder or be dragged along the ground. Push out away from the direction your horse is falling. If your horse is falling to one side or the other, move your body the opposite way. Use the place between the horse's shoulder blades to push off with your knuckles. Move upwards, and bring your knee and heel up on the side where the horse is going down. Pull your heel up to your rear if possible so that it doesn't go under the horse. When the horse gets to the ground, use your tuck and roll technique to move away from the horse. Go as far and as fast as possible away from the horse. Land on your feet if possible. Even though you're going to tuck and roll, your goal is to land as much on your feet as possible, then go forward into the roll. It's not always possible to go feet first but take the opportunity when you can. Relax your muscles. Try to relax your body as you fall. Tensing up your muscles will severely limit your body's ability to absorb impact. It may take many falls to learn this habit, but you'll likely have less painful falls when you do. Tuck your body as much as you can. As you fall, pull in your limbs to protect them from the fall. If you put your arms out to break your fall, you may end up with fractures in your wrists and arms. At this point, hopefully your muscle memory will take over and help you keep rolling. Take the brunt of the weight in the roll. As you tuck, try to roll onto the back of your shoulder, then your back. Keep rolling until you're back to your front again. You may need to roll again to get away from the horse. If you don't land feet first, try to take the brunt of the fall on your thigh or the back of your shoulder. Do your best to avoid landing on your neck or straight on your back. Work on flat ground first. You can work in the riding arena if you want, or if you prefer, you can work on a soft gym mat to break the fall. The key is to perfect your falling technique while on the ground, not on a horse. By practicing a fall, you're getting it in your muscle memory. That way, when you start falling off a horse, you're more likely to fall safely. Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart. Wear a helmet and safety vest while practicing. Stand up tall, and then cross your arms across your chest. This is the starting position for your falling practice. Your arms need to be tight across your chest so that you don't use an elbow to take the force of the fall, which could result in a broken elbow. Never put your arms straight out in front of you to catch your fall. You may want to wear a protective vest to protect your torso while falling. You can find them at tack stores and online. Go down on one knee and roll on your shoulder. When your knee hits the ground, start to tuck into yourself. Roll onto the back of the same shoulder as the knee that hit the ground so it takes the brunt of the fall. Bring your head and shoulders up as you roll, and you should hit the correct point on your shoulder. As you roll, try to do so at an angle from where you began. That way, you end up moving away from your horse. Use the rotation to get on your back. You're mostly rolling to the side with a little forward motion. As you come down, tuck your knees up to your chest by contracting your stomach muscles. This position will help you keep rolling. Tuck your chin into your chest as you move into the roll. Keep rolling until you hit your knees and feet again. Use the force you've created to roll back onto your front. You should end up on your knees, and you can use the momentum to get back on your feet. Practice this move over and over until you get the hang of it. Think of it sort of like a forward roll, except you move more at an angle. Work on the same movement off of a low vehicle like a golf cart. Have the driver go at a slow pace. Watch the ground and make the jump, bending your knees as you land. Tuck and roll like you practiced from a standstill until you are on your feet again. Practice this move until you're comfortable with it. Exercise most days of the week to get in good shape. While it takes time to get in good shape, the more fit you are, the better you'll be able to react in case of a fall. Plus, it reduces your injury risk and helps you heal faster if you do get injured. Work on strengthening exercises, such as ones that work on your core and building muscles. You could try things like pushups , sit-ups, and crunches , just to name a few. Aim for 30 minutes of aerobic exercise most days of the week, such as walking, swimming , or running. Wear a riding helmet every time you're on a horse. A riding helmet can make the difference between a slight headache and a severe concussion. Make sure the helmet fits correctly before you mount, meaning it's not too loose or too tight. Ideally, have it checked professionally when you buy it and return it periodically to have it re-padded. Choose a riding helmet certified by a safety organization. Look for helmets that state they meet ASTM/SEI standards. Don't use a bike riding helmet instead of a riding helmet. Bike helmets don't offer the same protection as riding helmets. Choose safe riding clothes. Opt for zippered riding boots fit well and are sturdy with a low heel. Any clothing you wear should be comfortable and allow you to move easily. However, don't wear anything that is too loose, as it can tangle with the reins and other parts of the saddle. Other types of shoes and tie up riding boots can get trapped in the stirrups, which can drag you along in the case of a fall. Plus, sturdy boots help protect your foot if the horse stamps on it. for the horse. Check that the tack is comfortable The horse could be uncomfortable or in pain if the saddle does not fit properly or if it is too far back or forward. If the horse is uncomfortable, it may misbehave by bolting, rearing, or bucking in order to escape the painful tack. Making painful tack more comfortable is an often overlooked way of resolving many behavioral issues. For instance, make sure the saddle isn't too far forward, causing it to hit the horse's shoulder blades as it walks. That makes the saddle uncomfortable for the horse. Check the bottom of the saddle before putting it on your horse to make sure it doesn't have any broken or rough spots that could be hurting your horse. Add a thick, wool saddle pad underneath the saddle to make it the most comfortable for your horse. Ride using a "soft" bit rather than a harsh bit. In other words, don't make the bit too tight. When the bit fits correctly, you should see a single wrinkle in the corner of the horse's mouth right above the bit. Look for a relaxed head and mouth to tell if the horse is happy. If it's not, it will toss its head and move its mouth around on the bit a lot. Harsher bits make the horse more sensitive, but that can actually make the horse harder to control, as the horse will over-respond to your commands. Plus, a painful bit can even cause a horse to bolt. Use safety stirrups and non-slip stirrup pads. Safety stirrups come in various designs, but all are meant to prevent your foot from becoming trapped in case of a fall. Some even break away from the saddle to help prevent your legs from being trapped. Even with safety stirrups, make sure you keep your heels down. It's better to be safe than sorry. Check for signs of pain. If your horse is acting up or displaying unusual behavior, take some time to examine it. Rub your hand all over your horse's body. If he shows signs of pain anywhere, have your vet check it. If your horse continues the unexplained behavior, ask for help from an experienced rider. Ask for a gentle, older horse if you're inexperienced. Don't try to ride the spirited horse if you haven't had much experience. In addition, work under the direction of a guide or instructor if you haven't ridden before, as you need to learn the ins and outs of riding. Stay with the herd when riding in a group. Horses like to be near other horses, and shy or timid horses can get upset if you lead them away from the group. Stick with the group, and your horse will be happier. Moving away from the group can cause your horse to buck or become upset. However, try not to ride too close together, as that can cause a horse to kick. Often, this happens when you get behind when you're riding with a group and your horse suddenly wants to catch up. It may panic a bit and rush headlong into the group, causing mayhem and possibly kicking. Maintain your balance. This skill is essential in all horse riding, and it will help keep you safe when the horse spooks or attempts a difficult maneuver. Push your shoulders back so you're sitting up straight and make sure your shoulders are perpendicular to your toes. Maintain even weight on each foot in your stirrups, except when intentionally putting weight on them. Always return to this position, even if you need to move around to make a jump or another maneuver. Never bounce around in the saddle intentionally. Not only could this cause you to lose your balance, this may make the horse rear, buck, or increase speed suddenly. Use the reins appropriately. Never jerk on your reins with more force than necessary. A sudden pull may surprise the horse and cause dangerous behavior. Instead, always use steady and gentle pressure when pulling on the reins. Keep your feet in a safe position. When in the saddle, push your heels down and keep your stirrups on the ball of your foot. In this position, you can easily slip your feet out of the stirrups. Slip your feet out quickly if the horse starts bucking or acting dangerously to avoid catching your feet and being dragged behind the horse. Go slowly on rough terrain. Slow down in areas without a trail. Unknown hazards could cause your horse to fall, bringing you down with it. If you're not sure about the area, rein in your horse to slow down. Keep in mind that horses like to race, so be wary of letting your horse go too fast. If your horse is abreast of other horses, it may try to go faster and faster, particularly if it knows its headed towards home. Slow it down to keep things from getting out of control. Keep control of the horse. If the horse isn't listening to you, you will have a harder time controlling him when he spooks. If you suspect the horse isn't paying attention, try "sponging" the reins by squeezing them in alternate hands. The bit will wiggle slightly, and alert the horse to pay attention. Stop if necessary. If your horse gets nervous when another horse passes by, when a plastic bag drifts by, or for any other reason, stop the horse. Let another rider know what's going on and attempt to calm the horse before moving. Pull the horse's head to the side to prevent it from rearing. If you react quickly, you can prevent the horse from rearing. As soon as it starts to spook, pull the head to one side with a rein and push the hindquarters out to the other side by throwing your weight the other way. Now the horse's weight will be on its forequarters, disengaging its ability to push off its hindquarters and rear. Never pull down and back. This can cause you or the horse to flip over. Try to stay on a bolting horse. If you lose control of the horse, do your best to stay with the horse's motion and to gradually slow and calm your mount. Most horses will eventually slow down and stop, even if they've been running wild. Hold on mostly with your thighs, using your own balance to stay with the horse's motion. Holding on with your calves can cue the horse to increase its speed. If there's no way you can stay on the horse, start planning to jump and roll.	Decide to fall off when you need to. Push out away from the direction your horse is falling. Land on your feet if possible. Relax your muscles. Tuck your body as much as you can. Take the brunt of the weight in the roll. Work on flat ground first. Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart. Go down on one knee and roll on your shoulder. Use the rotation to get on your back. Keep rolling until you hit your knees and feet again. Work on the same movement off of a low vehicle like a golf cart. Exercise most days of the week to get in good shape. Wear a riding helmet every time you're on a horse. Choose safe riding clothes. for the horse. Ride using a "soft" bit rather than a harsh bit. Use safety stirrups and non-slip stirrup pads. Check for signs of pain. Ask for a gentle, older horse if you're inexperienced. Stay with the herd when riding in a group. Maintain your balance. Use the reins appropriately. Keep your feet in a safe position. Go slowly on rough terrain. Keep control of the horse. Pull the horse's head to the side to prevent it from rearing. Try to stay on a bolting horse.
https://www.wikihow.com/Smoke-in-Your-House-without-People-Knowing	How to Smoke in Your House without People Knowing	To smoke in your house without people knowing, open a window and blow the smoke outside so it doesn't linger in the room. If you have a fan or ventilator, turn it on to circulate fresh air. You can also place a damp towel against the bottom crack of your door to stop the smell spilling out. When you're finished smoking, spray an air freshener or light some incense to mask the smell. Then, dispose of your cigarette or joint end by wrapping it in toilet paper and flushing it down the toilet, in case anyone searches for evidence.	Open a window or fireplace duct. Before you start smoking, it's very important you give the smoke an exit to escape. Without an open window or duct, the smoke will linger in the room and your health will be at risk. Depending on the room you're going to smoke in, there should almost always be some window to open. A fireplace duct is an even better choice, as fireplaces are specifically designed to let smoke escape. It's not recommended that you try to smoke if the room you're planning on doesn't have some kind of access to the outside. Place a wet towel against the bottom crack of your door. Next, you'll want to make sure the smoke doesn't get a chance to escape to other parts of the house or building you're smoking in. The best way to do this is by placing a towel (preferably wet) along the bottom of the door. This way, the towel will block off the most obvious place for the smoke to get out. Making the towel wet does add extra protection against smoke, but it might not be a great idea if you're worried about being caught after the fact. Someone else might notice the wet patch on your doorstep and start asking questions. Turn on a fan or ventilator. The most important way to prepare before smoking indoors is making sure your room has excellent air circulation. Turning on a fan will disperse the smoke shortly after it forms. The particulars will vary depending on the type of room you're smoking in, but a tabletop fan will work well enough, provided you have it pointed at an open window or duct. Some bathrooms come equipped with special ventilators that clean the air by sucking up excess moisture and particles. If your bathroom has this or something similar to it, turning it on and aiming the smoke towards it could be a quick way to eliminate the smell and visible smoke both at once. Fill your room with another smell beforehand. Although you'll ultimately want to eliminate the smoke smell for good, another great way of dealing with it when other people are in the house is through masking the scent with another, more powerful one. There are a lot of potential options in this regard; the trick lies in figuring out which one best suits your situation. The most common method of masking scent is through using an air freshener. These 'room perfumes' will spread a mild, unintrusive smell designed to mute other odors in the air. Air fresheners are very affordable and easy to find. If you don't already own one, go to your nearest store and purchase one. Once you have it, make sure to spray all around the room, making sure to give attention to the ceiling, corners, and other places the smoke might linger. If you're in a bathroom, one effective trick is to put a bit of shampoo in the sink and mix it with some hot water. The shampoo's aromatic qualities will quickly fill the room, making the subsequent smoke that much harder to detect. Incense is another good choice, and one of the most effective when it comes to masking unwanted smoke. However, keep in mind that incense might raise eyebrows in certain environments, and some people might find the smell just as intrusive as that of a cigarette. Try smoking after someone else smoked indoors. If anyone living with you smokes, and you don't want them to find out that you smoke: try smoking after them, because the smell from you won't be as noticeable. Aim out a window. The most common method of smoking indoors is by finding a window and aiming your smoke outside. Not only will the smoke now have somewhere to go, you'll also have fewer issues with a lingering smell. The most common method of smoking indoors is to stand next to a window, leaning into it, and exhaling the smoke outdoors. The way you go about it will depend on the shape, position, and size of the window; anything is fine so long as the smoke is getting outside as fast as possible. If you have a portable fan, try putting the fan next to the window, aiming outwards. When it comes time to exhale, exhale into the fan from behind it. The fan's blades will subsequently hurl the smoke outside. If you're by a window and are looking to not get caught, you should keep an eye on your surroundings outside. If someone's outside, it might look suspicious that you're leaning out your window. Exercise alertness and caution. Minimize the risk of picking up the smoke's smell. Keep your hair out of the way. If your hair is long, it's a good idea to tie it back; that way, your hair won't pick up as much of the odor. While you're at it, you might want to take off any extra layers of clothing you might have. Anything you're wearing is going to pick up some of the smell, so it's a good idea to minimize what you're wearing before you smoke. Smoke. At last, you can enjoy your smoke! Beware, however, for anyone that might come in or see you while you're smoking. Any amount of time you have the smoke in your hands increases the risk of being caught, so try to keep the experience short and sweet. Make sure to have somewhere you can quickly discard your cigarette in case someone enters the room. If you're fast and fluid enough, you might be able to get rid of it without them knowing you were smoking to begin with. Be wary of others while you're smoking. This includes keeping both ears alert for sounds in other rooms, or footsteps that sound like they're heading to your room. If it's really important you're not caught, staying alert and on-edge may give you a few seconds extra notice, and those seconds could mean the difference between getting caught and getting away with it. Spray an air freshener once you're done. Even if you sprayed some air freshener before diving into your smoke, it doesn't hurt to give your room another round with it. That way, the freshener will be the most recent smell in the room, and others will have a harder time picking up the unwanted scent. Douse your cigarette under cold water. As you'll want to continue minimizing the amount of smoke your cigarette produces, the best way to put it out is through water. Hold the cigarette in your hand and gently douse it underneath a faucet. Make sure to keep the cigarette in your hand; if much of the ash falls down the drain, it could lead to clogging. Clean your makeshift ashtray. The definition of an 'ashtray' will depend on where you were discarding the ash while smoking. Often, a small plate or cup will work as well as a real ashtray. Scrub with water and a bit of soap until the ash is gone. If you were smoking out a window, it's likely you were dropping the ash out the window. This is a good idea in most cases, so long as you make sure not to let the ash hit the side of the building. If you do, the black trail from your window leading will be a telling sign you've been smoking, and the evidence is very difficult to clean up discreetly. Dispose of the cigarette. The best way to get rid of a cigarette discreetly is to flush it down the toilet. Before you flush it, make sure you've covered the cigarette in some toilet paper; that way, there's less chance of parts of the cigarette floating back up. If you're really cautious and are worried you'll be caught whilst disposing, you might prefer to seal the cigarette remains in a Ziploc bag. That way, the next time you go out, you can throw it out in a public trashcan. Wash your hands. Even when the cigarette is gone, you'll still have some things to do to make sure you won't get found out. Washing your hands thoroughly is a good start. Make sure to use a lot of soap. Washing with hot water alone won't be enough to rub off the smell. Brush your teeth. Just like your hands, your teeth will keep a lingering odour after you've smoked. You should make sure to brush your teeth for at least two minutes, with special attention given to the tongue and gums. If your breath is still bad, eating a spearmint candy or gum will fix any lingering smell issues. Have a shower. Showering is the most important part of post-smoke hygiene as smoke will linger on any surface it touches. Use a lot of shampoo and wash your body thoroughly. Pay special attention to your hair, as hair picks up smoke relatively easily. If you usually focus purely on the hair when you shower, make a note of cleaning arms, legs, and other parts that weren't covered by clothing at the time. With the right amount of soap and shampoo, a three minute shower should be all you need to kiss the bad smell goodbye. Get into a new set of clothes. Once you're out of the shower, you'll lastly want to get into new clothes. Even if you were diligent in getting the smoke outside, some of the odour will still find its way onto your clothing. Having a fresh pair of pants and shirt should suffice. It's recommended you tend to your own laundry yourself if you don't already. Someone else who is cleaning your clothes might still pick up the smell, even days after the fact. Stay cool and calm. While smoking indoors isn't stressful by itself, there can be a lot of emotional strain in trying to hide something from someone, particularly if you're close with them. If you're prone to any sort of anxiety or nervousness, you might find the secrecy triggers a bad reaction, especially the next time you're interacting with other people in the house. If you've finished your smoke and feel anxiety or guilt, remind yourself that you're through the worst of it. If you've followed all of the proper steps, other people should have no reason to believe you smoked in the first place!	Open a window or fireplace duct. Place a wet towel against the bottom crack of your door. Turn on a fan or ventilator. Fill your room with another smell beforehand. Try smoking after someone else smoked indoors. Aim out a window. Minimize the risk of picking up the smoke's smell. Smoke. Be wary of others while you're smoking. Spray an air freshener once you're done. Douse your cigarette under cold water. Clean your makeshift ashtray. Dispose of the cigarette. Wash your hands. Brush your teeth. Have a shower. Get into a new set of clothes. Stay cool and calm.
https://www.wikihow.com/Avoid-Paying-Alimony-to-a-Cheating-Spouse	How to Avoid Paying Alimony to a Cheating Spouse	While it can be difficult to find out your spouse was cheating, this may help you avoid paying them alimony. Look up your state law to see if adultery can disqualify someone from receiving alimony. If you're able to, hire an attorney, since negotiating alimony can be complicated. Keep in mind that to prove your spouse was cheating you'll probably need evidence. This could be emails or texts where your spouse admits cheating or a statement from the person who slept with your partner. If you're not able to prove infidelity, there are still other ways you can avoid paying alimony. For example, if your spouse is young, you were married for a short time, or they already make a fair amount of money, a judge may rule you don't have to pay.	Read your state law. In many states, alimony is discretionary. This means the judge can decide whether to award alimony or not, depending on a variety of circumstances. In about half of the states, the judge will consider “marital fault,” including adultery. You need to find out if your state considers adultery. You should research your state law. Search online for “your state,” “alimony,” and “adultery.” Consult with an attorney. If you can't find out whether your state considers adultery when deciding alimony, you should consult with an attorney. Only a qualified attorney can give you accurate legal advice about your state law. You can get a referral to a divorce attorney by contacting your local or state bar association. Call up the attorney and schedule a consultation. Ask how much they charge for a half-hour meeting. You should also consider hiring the lawyer to represent you. Although you can meet for just a half-hour meeting, you might be better off hiring him or her to handle the divorce for you. Ask how much it would cost. Discuss the role adultery played in your divorce. Although some states consider adultery when determining alimony, it depends on the circumstances. You should discuss your situation with your lawyer. For example, in Georgia, the adultery must have been the cause of the divorce. It isn't enough that your spouse cheated five years ago but you reconciled. Instead, the infidelity must have ended the marriage. Find financial reasons to oppose alimony. Your state might not allow a judge to consider adultery. However, you can still try to deny your cheating spouse alimony. Generally, judges consider the following financial factors: Income disparity. If your income is much higher than your spouse's, then a judge is more likely to award alimony. However, if your incomes are similar, you have a strong argument against alimony. Each spouse's future earning potential. Your spouse may not be working now. However, he or she could have a college degree and higher earning power if they got a job. A judge will consider how much your ex “could” make, not how much they do make. Your standard of living during the marriage. If your spouse became accustomed to a high standard of living, then the judge might award alimony. However, if you had a normal middle-class life, then you could argue that alimony isn't appropriate, especially when your spouse can maintain that lifestyle on their own. Whether your spouse stayed home to raise the children. If your spouse didn't forfeit their career for your family, then you can argue alimony isn't necessary. The contribution your spouse made to your career. A spouse who works to put another through school or helps start a business has a stronger claim to alimony. You should point out if your spouse didn't make any kind of contribution to your career. Identify other reasons to oppose alimony. In addition to finances, a judge will consider other factors when deciding whether to award alimony. You should try to cite as many as possible to argue against your spouse getting alimony: The length of the marriage. If your marriage was short, then you can argue that alimony isn't appropriate. Your spouse's age. Your spouse is more likely to get alimony the older they are. If your spouse is relatively young, you can argue alimony isn't necessary. Your spouse's emotional or physical condition. If your spouse is disabled, then he or she will have a strong argument for alimony. However, if your spouse is healthy, then you can argue alimony isn't necessary. Domestic violence. In California, for example, the judge can lower or eliminate alimony if one spouse has been convicted of domestic violence. Come up with other strategies. You might not be able to prevent alimony, even if your spouse cheated. Nevertheless, you should discuss other potential strategies with your attorney for making sure your spouse gets as few assets as possible. For example, your spouse might have used marital property to support a lover. In this situation, the judge can deduct the money spent on the lover from the amount of marital property your spouse will get in the divorce. Consider suing your spouse for a sexually-transmitted disease. If your spouse pick up an STD during an affair, then you might be able to sue him or her for personal injury if the STD was transmitted to you. You should talk about this option with your lawyer. Get an admission from your spouse. You need proof that your spouse has been unfaithful. Although you can tell the judge your suspicions, nothing is more powerful than evidence. In particular, you should try to get your spouse to admit to being unfaithful. If your spouse admits to cheating, you should write down the day and time of the admission. Because your spouse might try to walk back the admission, you should look for other evidence. Keep communications. Your ex might slip up and admit to adultery in an email or letter. You should hold onto these communications. You can introduce them into court as evidence. Talk to the alleged partner. You can also get evidence of adultery by talking to the person your spouse slept with. He or she might confirm that they slept with your spouse during your marriage. A partner is probably more likely to admit this if their relationship with your spouse has ended. Obtain other evidence. You don't have to videotape your spouse “in the act” with someone else. However, you need to prove that he or she had the motive and the opportunity to cheat on you. You can prove motive and opportunity by gathering the following: Photos of your spouse and their lover together. It would be ideal if they were acting in an intimate manner in the photographs. Phone records that show constant communication between them. Look for late-night calls or calls on the weekend. Witnesses who saw your spouse and their lover together. Credit card or bank records that show large purchases, hotel visits, etc. Find proof that your ex is living with another person. If your spouse has moved in with his or her lover, then you might be able to eliminate alimony altogether. Some states will prevent a person from getting alimony when they move in with a romantic partner. You can ask family or friends where your spouse is staying. You may need these people to testify on your behalf. Hire a private detective. You might need to hire someone to spy on your spouse. You should think about hiring a private investigator. This person can follow your spouse around and find out who they are spending their time with. Private detectives generally charge $40-100 per hour. They also charge for additional costs, such as mileage. You can find detectives in the phone book. Call one up and discuss the reasons for hiring them. Discuss the scope of the investigation and what kinds of evidence you want them to gather. Complete the divorce paperwork. You should probably be the person to file for divorce. You should pick up the forms required to file for divorce from the court clerk at the family law court in the county where you live. Often, these forms are posted online. Divorce can be “fault” or “no fault.” Almost all states have “no fault” divorce, which means neither party is to blame. However, about two-thirds still allow you to allege “fault,” such as adultery. If you have the option of alleging fault when you file for divorce, then make sure to select adultery. Some “no fault” states, such as Florida, still consider adultery when determining alimony. For this reason, even in a “no fault” state you should try to mention adultery in the divorce petition. Your spouse might have beat you to the courthouse and have filed for divorce first. He or she should ask for alimony in the petition. In this situation, you will be able to “answer” the divorce petition and explain why your spouse isn't entitled to alimony. Mention the infidelity and all other reasons. Send your spouse a copy of the paperwork. You have to file your papers with the court clerk. Make several copies. You also have to give your spouse a copy of everything you file in your case. This is called “making service.” You can generally make service of divorce papers by paying the sheriff or constable to serve them. You cannot serve them yourself. Depending on your court, you can also hire a private process server, which you can find in the phone book. They make service for a small fee. You might also ask someone 18 or older who isn't a party to the case to serve the papers for you. Prepare for the hearing. In a contested divorce, you will need to have a trial or hearing. You will probably have many preliminary “status hearings” and conferences as you prepare for your hearing/trial. At these, you will appear before the judge and hammer out issues that will allow you to prepare for trial. You may also have a chance for “discovery.” Discovery is the fact-finding portion of a divorce. In discovery, you can send subpoenas to people requesting documents, such as financial records. You can also have your spouse answer questions under oath. If you weren't able to get solid proof of adultery before filing for divorce, then you can use discovery to gather additional, helpful information. Get your witnesses lined up. You should identify your witnesses and ask them to attend the hearing. Tell them the date, time, and location. You may also send them a subpoena, which is a legal request to show up. You can generally get a blank subpoena form from the court clerk. Present your evidence. You can have witnesses testify and introduce documents to convince the judge that your spouse committed adultery. In many states, you don't actually have to prove that adultery happened. Instead, you need to prove that your spouse had the “disposition” and “opportunity” to cheat. To prove disposition, you can introduce evidence that your spouse showed affection publicly with their alleged lover. You can introduce photographs of them kissing, hugging, holding hands, etc. Or you can have witnesses testify that they observed this conduct. To prove “opportunity,” you should introduce evidence that your spouse was seen entering their lover's apartment late at night and not leaving until the morning. Alternately, you could show that they went away together and stayed in the same hotel. Cross-examine your spouse’s witnesses. Your spouse gets to try to prove that any conduct was innocent and not actually adultery. Depending on your state, your spouse may also argue that they are entitled to alimony even if adultery occurred. You should be able to cross-examine any witnesses your spouse has testify. See Question Witnesses when Representing Yourself for more information. Wait for the ruling. Currently, only two states allow jury trials in divorce proceedings, so your case will likely be decided by a judge. The judge should make a decision after hearing all of the evidence. If your case is complicated, then the judge may take the case under advisement and issue a ruling at a later time.	Read your state law. Consult with an attorney. Discuss the role adultery played in your divorce. Find financial reasons to oppose alimony. Identify other reasons to oppose alimony. Come up with other strategies. Consider suing your spouse for a sexually-transmitted disease. Get an admission from your spouse. Talk to the alleged partner. Obtain other evidence. Find proof that your ex is living with another person. Hire a private detective. Complete the divorce paperwork. Send your spouse a copy of the paperwork. Prepare for the hearing. Get your witnesses lined up. Present your evidence. Cross-examine your spouse’s witnesses. Wait for the ruling.
https://www.wikihow.com/Catch-a-Football	How to Catch a Football	To catch a football, make sure to keep your eyes on a specific spot on the ball, like the tip of the ball, the entire time it's in the air. Then, use your fingers to catch the ball instead of your palms. Additionally, try to catch with “soft hands,” which means that your fingers and wrists are flexible and slightly relaxed. When you're catching a pass, keep your arms slightly bent and extended away from you so they have room to respond to the impact when you catch the ball.	Keep your eyes on the football. You want to be watching the football the entire time it's in the air. Pick a spot on the football - the white strip or the tip of the ball - and lock your eyes on that spot until the ball is in your hands. Use your fingers to catch the football, not your palms. Your fingers should be the first thing to come into contact with the ball. Make sure they're slightly bent and ready to grab onto the ball when it comes your way. If you're hearing a loud thud noise every time you catch the ball, you might be catching with your palms and not your fingers. Catch the football with soft hands. Soft hands are when your fingers and wrists are flexible and slightly relaxed. You want your hands to give a little bit when they come into contact with the ball. Catching with stiff, hard hands makes it more likely that the ball will bounce off you when you try to catch it. Keep your arms extended away from your body. Whether you're catching a regular pass (above the waist) or a low pass (below the waist), you want your arms to be slightly bent and extended outward. Extending your arms will give them room to respond to the impact when you catch the ball. Raise your hands so they're in line with where the football is heading. You want to track which direction the football is heading in so you can get your hands in the right spot to catch it. For example, if you're running for the football and it's on your left, raise your arms up and extend them out to the left. Reach high for the football if it's a high pass. Stretch both of your arms up above your head so you're ready to catch the ball when it passes over you. You can also jump into the air with your arms stretched upward to help you reach the ball. Make a diamond shape with your hands. Spread your fingers apart on both hands so they're completely stretched out. With your palms facing outward, touch the tips of your two pointer fingers together and the tips of your thumbs together. This will create a diamond shape between your two hands. Catch the tip of the football in the diamond shape when it reaches your hands. The tip of the football should go through the diamond and then stop once the center of the ball comes into contact with your hands. Squeeze your fingers around the outside of the football. The tips of your fingers should be firmly gripped on the football so it's secure in your hands. Use both hands to tuck the ball between your biceps and your chest. Hold the ball against your biceps and chest using the hand on that side of the body. Let go of the football with your other hand. Now run with the football before someone tackles you. Lower your hands so they're ready to receive the low pass. Line them up with the trajectory of the football. For example, if you see the football flying through the air at around the same level as your hips, move your hands down toward your hips so they're prepared to catch the ball. Turn your hands so your fingers are pointing down at the ground. The palms of your hands should be facing out toward the ball. Keep your fingers stretched apart. Cross your pinky fingers so they form an “x” shape. Make sure your pinky fingers are firmly pressed together so the football doesn't slide through your hands when you catch it. Practice positioning your hands like this when you're not playing football so it comes naturally when you're on the field. Catch the tip of the football in the open space above your crossed pinky fingers. The tip of the football should go through the gap and then stop once the rest of the ball meets your hands. Squeeze your other fingers around the football to secure your catch. Bring the tips of your thumbs up and around the outside of the football and clamp them down on the ball. Wrap the rest of your fingers around the bottom of the ball. Lift the ball up and tuck it between your chest and biceps. Hold the ball in place using the hand on that side of your body. Let go of the ball with your other hand and start running to the end zone.	Keep your eyes on the football. Use your fingers to catch the football, not your palms. Catch the football with soft hands. Keep your arms extended away from your body. Raise your hands so they're in line with where the football is heading. Reach high for the football if it's a high pass. Make a diamond shape with your hands. Catch the tip of the football in the diamond shape when it reaches your hands. Squeeze your fingers around the outside of the football. Use both hands to tuck the ball between your biceps and your chest. Lower your hands so they're ready to receive the low pass. Turn your hands so your fingers are pointing down at the ground. Cross your pinky fingers so they form an “x” shape. Catch the tip of the football in the open space above your crossed pinky fingers. Squeeze your other fingers around the football to secure your catch. Lift the ball up and tuck it between your chest and biceps.
https://www.wikihow.com/Set-Up-an-Escrow-Account	How to Set Up an Escrow Account	An escrow account is a bank account controlled by a third party for real estate or another financial investment. If you're using an agent to buy or sell a home, they should set up the account for you. However, if you're setting up the account yourself, you'll need to find an escrow agent. Ask your bank if they have escrow agents, or search online for escrow companies in your area. Organize a meeting with an agent and give them any relevant financial details to get your account set up. Alternatively, set up a savings account as a personal escrow, which you can use to pay non-monthly bills and expenses from.	Identify your need for an escrow account. An escrow account holds money, much like a bank account, except the money is held with an escrow company. The escrow company will only release the money once certain conditions are met. Escrow accounts are most commonly used in real estate transactions. When the conditions for the sale are satisfied, the escrow agent will release the money to the seller. In this way, the escrow agent guarantees the transaction, making sure each side fulfills its obligations. Read your purchase agreement. You create an escrow account with an escrow agent. The real estate agent typically names the escrow company you should use in the purchase agreement. Find your purchase agreement and read it to find the name of the escrow company you should use. If you are using an agent to buy or sell a home, then the agent should handle setting up the escrow account. Find an escrow agent yourself. You might be selling your home in a “private sale,” which means you are not using a real estate agent. In this situation, you will need to find an escrow agent. You can find an escrow agent in the following ways: Ask your bank if they provide an escrow service. Search online for escrow agents. You can type “escrow company” and “your city” into your favorite search engine. You can call the phone number provided. Contact a title insurance agency. Sometimes they will create an escrow account. Gather necessary information. You will need to provide the escrow company with certain information so that they can open the account. The information might vary slightly from company to company, but you generally will need to provide the following: seller's name and address buyer's name and address purchase price, address, and a description of the property termite report information, such as who will do the inspection financing information rent, if any any personal property involved in the sale amount of deposit to be held in the escrow account Visit the escrow company. Set up a meeting so that you can complete necessary paperwork. Either the purchaser or the seller can open an escrow account, although sellers typically do. You need to take the deposit with you. You will also need to discuss the conditions of the sale. Remember that the escrow agent is charged with making sure that both buyer and seller fulfill their obligations. You should talk with the escrow agent about what those obligations will be. You should bring a copy of your purchase agreement, since that will contain most of the obligations. Receive your escrow number. This is the identification number you will need whenever you call the escrow agent to ask questions or get updates. Be sure to store it someplace where it is always handy, such as a note in your purse or saved on your cell phone. Identify repairs that need to be made. In some states, you can withhold rent from a landlord who does not make necessary repairs. The repairs can't be for minor things, like small cracks in the walls or missing linoleum or tile. Instead, the danger should be a substantial and serious threat to your health and safety. For example, if no heat is being provided during winter, then you have a serious threat. Notify your landlord of the hazard. Typically, state law requires that you give the landlord sufficient time to make repairs before withholding rent. Accordingly, you should send written notice to your landlord that repairs are needed. Be specific about the problem in the apartment. Also explicitly request that the landlord repair the problem as soon as possible. Be sure to type up a letter and mail it, preferably certified mail, return receipt requested. Hold onto the receipt as it serves as proof that your landlord received the notice. Wait a certain amount of time. Your landlord generally gets a “reasonable” amount of time to make repairs. If the violation is more serious, then the landlord should correct the problem promptly. Typically, if the landlord hasn't acted within 30 days, then you don't have to wait any longer. Instead, you should stop into your courthouse and ask about creating a “rent escrow.” Get a form from the court clerk. With a rent escrow, you would not pay your rent to the landlord. Instead, you pay it into the escrow, where it accumulates until the landlord actually makes necessary repairs. If you can create a rent escrow in your county, then the clerk should give you the form to complete. The form might be called an “Application and Affidavit for Tenant Rent Escrow,” “Petition in Action of Rent Escrow,” or some other title. Complete the petition form. Be sure to enter the information neatly, using black ink or a typewriter. In some counties, you can download the form and type in the information directly. Although each form will differ, you generally will be asked the following: your name and address your landlord's name and address the amount of your rent the conditions on the property that are hazardous the date you notified your landlord of the hazard that you request the creation of a rent escrow your signature Serve notice of the action on the landlord. You have to give the landlord notice that you are trying to create a rent escrow. Accordingly, you will need to serve notice on your landlord. Generally, you can serve notice by having someone deliver a copy of your petition and also a “summons,” which is a legal document you can get from the court clerk. Ask the clerk about acceptable methods of service. Attend a hearing. Before the judge will create the escrow account, you will need to attend a hearing. You will have to explain why you want to withhold rent and create the escrow. Be sure to bring any evidence that you have: a witness who can testify as to the hazardous condition photographs or video of the hazard a copy of your notice to your landlord Pay rent into the escrow account. If the judge creates the escrow account, then you will need to regularly pay your rent into it. Be sure to make your payments, since the judge might close the escrow if you forget to. The judge may order that some or all of the money in the escrow be given to the landlord to help pay for the repairs. If the landlord still refuses to make repairs, then all of the money in the escrow could be returned to you. Identify your need. A personal escrow is a nice idea for someone who has difficulty controlling their spending. It isn't technically an escrow—no third party oversees the account—but you can benefit from segregating your money into a separate account. Personal escrows are used often for the following purposes: Non-monthly expenses. For example, you might be billed quarterly for car insurance and annually for a gym membership. A personal escrow can help you save sufficient funds for these expenses. Unforeseen expenses. These are small expenses which catch you by surprise—gifts that you need to purchase for the host of a party, unexpected veterinary expenses or car repairs, etc. Calculate how much you will need. You should go through your bills for the past year and check how much you had to spend on non-monthly expenses. Also pay attention to unexpected expenses, such as the bottle of wine you had to buy someone when you were invited to their dinner party. Non-monthly expenses could include: car insurance premiums car registration car repair and maintenance life insurance premiums conference fees veterinary expenses gifts holiday shopping school or tuition expenses Set up a savings account. You should set up a separate savings account (or high yield checking account) which you can use for a specific purpose, such as paying non-monthly bills. You could also set up multiple individual accounts for each non-monthly expense, though this could be difficult for you to handle. To properly fund your account, total all non-monthly expenses, then divide by 12. This is the amount you will need to contribute to your account each month. You should set up automatic deposit, so that this amount is deducted from your monthly paycheck. If you are paid biweekly, then divide your total amount by 26. Pay your non-monthly expenses from the escrow account. Whenever an unexpected or non-monthly expense arises, remember to take the money out of your escrow account. In this way, you can preserve the balance in your regular savings and/or checking account.	Identify your need for an escrow account. Read your purchase agreement. Find an escrow agent yourself. Gather necessary information. Visit the escrow company. Receive your escrow number. Identify repairs that need to be made. Notify your landlord of the hazard. Wait a certain amount of time. Get a form from the court clerk. Complete the petition form. Serve notice of the action on the landlord. Attend a hearing. Pay rent into the escrow account. Identify your need. Calculate how much you will need. Set up a savings account. Pay your non-monthly expenses from the escrow account.
https://www.wikihow.com/Apply-Eyelid-Primer	How to Apply Eyelid Primer	Eyelid primer is easy to apply and will help keep your eye makeup in place all day. Choose a clear primer or one that matches your skin tone so it will blend in easily. Keep in mind that gel primers will last the longest, but you can also use liquid or cream primers. To apply eyelid primer, first, dab a small amount onto your hand. Dip your finger or a small brush into the primer and dab it on your eyelid. Gently blend it outward from your inner eyelid to the outer corner of your lid. Then, let it dry for about 20 seconds before putting on your eyeshadow.	Choose the right shade of primer. For general, everyday use, you want to look for a primer that matches your complexion or is just a tiny bit lighter. This will look the most natural if you forego eyeshadow and just do a liner and it won't alter the shade of your eyeshadow by adding pigmentation. Keep in mind that using a tinted primer can affect the look of your eyeshadow. You'll get the truest color if you stick to a transparent primer or one with very little color. If you're doing a smokey eye or a dark eyeshadow, look for a darker primer to add depth to your look. If you are using multiple colors and really want them to pop, try a white primer. Consider color correcting primer if you have dark circles or want to brighten your eyes. Primers with a yellow or peach cast will neutralize the purples, browns, and "bruise" shades of under eye circles. A primer with a little bit of green can neutralize pink or reddish skin. Choose the finish of your primer. Matte primers are great for everyday use, because they tend to last longer and give you a more neutral base for your eye makeup. Even if your skin is not oily, eyelids tend to get a little greasy throughout the day, and the matte finish will help absorb the grease and keep your makeup in place. Since primer is a base to even out your skin tone, it should really be matte or transparent, rather than shimmery. A satin or shimmery finish works when you are wearing no shadow over your primer or plan to use a sparkly eyeshadow. Keep in mind these don't have quite the staying power as a matte primer, and that you shouldn't use a matte eyeshadow over a shimmery primer or it will look off. If you have very dry skin, try a gel-based primer or one that illuminates skin. Matte primers work with both matte and shimmery eyeshadows--they allow you to add all the shine using the makeup, not the primer. Matte primers are especially effective in hot and humid weather, because it will keep the grease and shine under control. Choose the texture of your eye primer. Primers come in gel, cream, liquid, or stick form. The texture of your primer will influence how it feels on your lids and how long it will last. Gel primers usually last the longest and can be worn with all types of eyeshadow. They're great in hot weather and minimizing creasing. Cream primers have a mousse texture and are the easiest to find. They work with most eyeshadows and can feel a little heavier on your lids. Liquid primers are very lightweight, but are prone to showing creases if applied too lightly. Make sure you thoroughly blend liquid primers into the creases of your eyelids when applying. Stick primers can be applied directly to your eyelid, instead of using your finger or a brush. They are very convenient for this reason, however it can be difficult to gauge how much primer you are applying. Make your own primer out of aloe vera and glycerin if you run out. Mix together 1 teaspoon (4.9 mL) of white kaolin clay, 1 teaspoon (4.9 mL) of aloe vera gel, and 1 teaspoon (4.9 mL) of vegetable glycerin. Combine your ingredients until they're smooth, then dab the mixture onto your eyelids with a cotton swab. Try not to get any in your eyes, or it might sting a little. Aloe vera and vegetable glycerin both absorb oil, so it makes them perfect for an eyelid primer to absorb shine. Cleanse your face and apply moisturizer. It is essential to always start with a clean face, removing any oil or dirt that may be on your skin. Moisturizer will keep the makeup from drying out your skin. Wait at least 20 seconds after applying moisturizer, or until your skin feels dry and not dewy. Dab a small amount of primer on the back of your hand. The amount should only be about the size of a grain of rice. While you want the primer to cover your eyelid completely, too much primer can completely backfire. It can cause your makeup to pill, clump, appear chalky, or look shiny. Too little, and your eye makeup won't stay. This amount of primer should be enough for both eyes. It's always better to start with less product and build layers if you need to instead of starting with too much and trying to wipe it off. Remember: less is more when it comes to primer. Dab the primer onto your eyelid with your finger or a small brush. You want to gently dab, pat, smooth, and blend (but not rub) the primer into your skin. Use gentle pressure, as your eyelid skin is very thin. You can start near the inner corner of your eye and spread out and up toward the brow bone and outer corner of your lid, or you can start at the center of your lid and blend outwards and upwards. A (clean) finger is a perfect tool for applying primer, and most of the time it's all you will need. You can easily control how much product you are applying, and the warmth from your fingertips can help you spread the primer. A small makeup brush can really get into the little corners and edges by your tear duct and lash line and usually helps you get an even application. Always be gentle and never pull on the skin around your eye, as this can lead to sagging and wrinkles later in life. Really work the primer into the creases of your eyelid. The primer's job is to fill the fine lines in your skin so that your makeup doesn't settle into the creases. If you are applying makeup to your bottom lid, use a thin brush or your finger to gently dab it along your lower lash line. Allow the primer to dry before completing your eye makeup. It should take about 20 seconds for the primer to absorb and dry. You can then apply your eye makeup as you normally would. Your eyelid should feel like a flat canvas and your shadow should go on smoothly. If it appears cakey or clumpy, you used too much primer and should use a little less next application. Try using the primer on your eyebrows to keep brow powder in place, too.	Choose the right shade of primer. Choose the finish of your primer. Choose the texture of your eye primer. Make your own primer out of aloe vera and glycerin if you run out. Cleanse your face and apply moisturizer. Dab a small amount of primer on the back of your hand. Dab the primer onto your eyelid with your finger or a small brush. Allow the primer to dry before completing your eye makeup.
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Bed-Skirt	How to Make a Bed Skirt	To make a bed skirt, start by measuring the width and depth of your bed, as well the height from the floor to the top of your box spring. Then, wash, dry, and iron your fabric, and cut 3 pieces for the skirt and 1 piece for the main panel. Next, press the bottom edges of the skirt panels up ½ inch with the wrong side in to create the hem. Additionally, press the 2 depth edges and 1 width edge of the main panel ½ inch, wrong side in. Use a sewing machine to sew the hems, then sew the panels together by attaching the skirt panels to the main panel.	Measure your bed. Take measurements for the width and length of your box spring as well as the height from the floor to the top of your box spring. To sew bed skirts, you need 2 length-by-height panels and 1 width-by-height panel for the skirt as well as 1 width-by-length panel to cover the top of your box spring. Add 1 inch (25 mm) to the width and length measurements and 2 inches (5 cm) to the height measurement for the seam allowance. You now have the measurements that you will use for your panels. Decide on the fullness for your bed skirt. If you want to make a flat paneled bed skirt, then you may use the measurements you have. For a ruffled bed skirt, you need to account for fullness; determine how full you want the skirt to be, either 2 to 3 times fuller than a smooth/flat bedskirt. A fullness of 2 is mildly full, while a fullness of 3 is extremely full. Multiply all the width and length measurements for the skirt panels by the amount of fullness you want. Use the resulting dimensions when cutting your fabric panels. Prepare your fabric. Wash and dry the fabric first to account for any shrinkage, then iron the fabric so that it is flat and wrinkle-free. Measure and mark your panels using a ruler, straight edge and fabric marker. Cut your panels. You should have a total of 4 panel pieces (3 for the skirt and 1 for the main panel) to cut. Sew the hems. Press the bottom edge of the 3 skirt panel pieces up 1/2 inch (12 mm), with the wrong side in, in order to create the hem. Additionally, press the 2 length edges and only 1 width edge of the main panel under, wrong side in, 1/2 inch (1.25 cm). Use a straight stitch along the pressed edge to give a clean, finished look to your hem. This will also help prevent the bed skirt from fraying over time. Prepare gathered panels. If you are making a bed skirt with smooth/flat sides, then you don't need to do anything before sewing them to the main fabric piece. If you are choosing to make a ruffled bed skirt, then you will need to gather your panels before you sew them to the main panel. To make gathered panels: Set your sewing machine to a zig-zag stitch, on the longest available stitch length. You will be stitching 1/2 inch (12 mm) in from the top edge (opposite of the hemmed edge) of the skirt paneling. Line up cotton crochet thread in the center of the presser foot so that, when you sew, the zig-zag stitch encloses the crochet thread. Make sure you do not sew the crochet thread into place, as you will need to pull it through the chamber made by the zig-zag stitching in order to create the gathering. Sew along the entire length of the panel. Pull the crochet thread from either end of the panel in order to gather the fabric until the panel is the appropriate width or length measurement. Adjust the gathers until they appear to be evenly spaced. Sew a straight stitch along the gathered edge to secure the gathers in place. Sew the panels together. Beginning at the hem edge, pin 1 vertical end of each lengthwise skirt panel to each vertical end of the widthwise skirt panel, right sides facing together. Allowing for a 1/2 inch (12 mm) seam allowance, sew the panels together along the 2 connecting vertical edges. When you are finished, you will have 1 continuous bed skirt panel that spans the circumference of the bed (not including the head end). Attach the skirt panels to the main panel. Lay the main panel in place. It should cover the entire face of the box spring and extend over the unfinished top edge of the bed skirt paneling. Pin the main panel to the bed skirt panel around the entire perimeter. Sew along the edge of the main panel on all 3 sides that are edged by the skirt panel, using a regular straight stitch. Be sure to use the 1/2-inch seam allowance. Finish your bed skirt. With the panels all sewn into place, put the bed skirt over the box spring to check its fit. If everything lies smoothly in place, then you are finished! Otherwise, remove the bed skirt and adjust any mistakes accordingly. Use a fitted bed sheet as a bed skirt. If you're not up for sewing and want a fast and easy bed skirt, you can use a fitted bed sheet instead. Simply put the fitted sheet over the box spring instead of the mattress, and tuck the elastic band along the bottom under the box spring. Voila! You've now successfully covered the box spring with a sheet that already matches your bedding and decor. Using a fitted bed sheet will not cover any space under the box spring, meaning that under-the-bed storage will be exposed. Pin a long strip of fabric in place of a bed skirt. If you want the ruffled look and storage cover of a real bed skirt without the sewing, you can simply pin some fabric in place. Measure the distance around the perimeter of your bed and the height from the floor to the top of the box spring, and cut a long strip of fabric that meets these dimensions. Pin this in place using straight pins along the edge of the box spring. Put the pins on the top of the box spring, so that when the mattress is replaced, you can't see that your skirt is actually just pinned in place. Try using a dropcloth. The final easy no-sew alternative to a traditional bed skirt, is using a piece of fabric large enough to cover the entirety of the box spring and then drape to the floor. The best option for this, without spending loads of money? A regular dropcloth. A linen dropcloth will cover the entire space of a queen size bed or smaller, and have enough excess fabric to reach the floor. Just spread the dropcloth out over your box spring, and use pins to hold it in place around the perimeter. You're done!	Measure your bed. Decide on the fullness for your bed skirt. Prepare your fabric. Cut your panels. Sew the hems. Prepare gathered panels. Sew the panels together. Attach the skirt panels to the main panel. Finish your bed skirt. Use a fitted bed sheet as a bed skirt. Pin a long strip of fabric in place of a bed skirt. Try using a dropcloth.
https://www.wikihow.fitness/Increase-Ankle-Mobility	How to Increase Ankle Mobility	Increasing your ankle mobility through simple exercises will improve your range of motion and your performance in sports. From a seated position, raise one foot and rotate it in a circle 10 to 15 times. Do 2 or 3 sets for each foot. You can also sit back on your flexed ankles. Just kneel on the ground with your toes extended behind you, then sit back on your feet and hold the position for 15 to 20 seconds. Another exercise you can do is stretching your toes against a wall. Stand facing the wall, raise the toes of one foot, and lean them against the wall so your foot's at a 45-degree angle. Hold the position for 15 seconds and do 2 or 3 sets for each foot.	Check dorsiflexion mobility. Check your ankle dorsiflexion mobility with a lunge test. Place a piece of tape on the floor four inches from the wall. Line your dominant foot up with the tape, and relax the other foot behind you. Then, lean forward on your dominant foot and try to touch your knee to the wall. The knee should go straight forward. It should not track inwards or outwards while you flex. For the test to be successful, your dominant foot should remain completely on the ground, including the heel. If you can't touch the wall from this point, move forward incrementally until you can. This will give you a starting point by which to measure your progress. Point your toes. Another simple test of ankle mobility is to start lying flat on your back with your feet perpendicular to the ground. From there, slowly point your toes as far out from your body as you can manage and hold for a few seconds at your maximum endpoint. The optimal range of motion for this test is a 30 degree difference, though anywhere between 20 and 30 degrees is acceptable. If you can create a visually straight or near-straight line between your foot and your shin, you pass the test. Move your ankle to the side. Start lying down with your legs fully extended and your feet perpendicular to the ground. One at a time, push your foot out to the side as far as it will go, and hold at your maximum endpoint for a few seconds. Do not rotate your feet from your hips. Focus on isolating the ankle and creating all motion from there. The further to the side you can get, the better your overall ankle mobility. Move your foot in circles. From a seated position and focusing on one foot at a time, rotate your ankle clockwise 10 to 15 times. Once completed on each foot, rotate each foot counterclockwise 10 to 15 times. Aim to do two to three sets of 10 to 15 reps each. For best results, flex your ankles by pointing or curling your toes. Sit back on flexed ankles. Kneel with your legs going directly behind you, and extend your pointed toes so that the tops of your feet are touching your mat or floor. Gently start to sit back on top of your feet, using your bodyweight to create a deep stretch in your ankles. Rest in your maximum down position for 15 to 20 seconds before slowly bringing yourself back up and relieving the pressure on your ankle. Only lower yourself as far as your ankles can take. If you feel unmanageable pain or excess stress on your ankles or feet, bring yourself up immediately and untuck your ankles. Stretch your toes up. Stand facing a wall and raise up the toes of your right foot, leaning them against the wall to form a triangle with it, your foot, and the floor. Gently press your body forward and shift just enough weight onto the raised foot that you feel a stretch. Keep leaning until you feel a deep stretch, and hold for fifteen or so seconds. Repeat on the left foot for every set done on the right foot. Try two or three sets of the stretch for each foot. Practice ankle raises. Place your ankles and feet together and slowly raise yourself upward onto the ball of your feet as high as you can go. Once you have reached your maximum height, lower your feet back down in a controlled motion. If you have weak ankles or low ankle mobility, start small with a set of 10 or 15 raises. As your strength improves, add three to five raises at a time, slowly building up to more challenging sets. Ankle raises help strengthen not only the ankles, but the calf muscles as well. Do flutter kicks. Lie on your back and lift your legs as high into the air as you can get them. Use your elbows and shoulders to support you as necessary. Once you are in the most vertical position you can achieve, straighten your legs, point, your toes, and make a series of small, fast, alternating kicks back and forth for a minute at a time. If you've never performed this exercise before, you may need to start with your legs parallel to the ground rather than perpendicular. Support yourself with your elbows and forearms and make the same kicking motion as the vertical kicks. Use an exercise band. Strap one end of your exercise band around something sturdy, such as a table leg, and slip the other end around your ankle. Walk forward until you feel some resistance on the band. Then, with the band around your ankle, lunge forward until your knee is directly over your foot. Repeat two or three sets of this exercise with five to ten reps per foot in each set. Do not over-tension the band or it could snap and potentially cause injury. You should feel light resistance, but the band should not actively be pulling your ankle back in your neutral stance.	Check dorsiflexion mobility. Point your toes. Move your ankle to the side. Move your foot in circles. Sit back on flexed ankles. Stretch your toes up. Practice ankle raises. Do flutter kicks. Use an exercise band.
https://www.wikihow.com/Customize-a-Littlest-Pet-Shop-Toy	How to Customize a Littlest Pet Shop Toy	To customize your Littlest Pet Shop toy, first remove its existing paint with a small amount of acetone. Do this under adult supervision, since acetone is flammable and can be dangerous. Then, start painting your LPS toy with an acrylic paint, going in thin layers so they dry faster. Let your paint dry, then go over your toy one last time to fix any mistakes, outline the lips and eyes, or add detailing. Seal the paint job with clear sealant, then you're done!	Set up your painting station. Lay down 2-3 layers of newspaper on a flat surface, like a table, and set out your painting supplies. You want to keep your crafting area protected, since acrylic paints can stain. Remove any existing paint with acetone. Pure acetone is the best way to remove your LPS toy's current paint and give you a blank canvas to start customizing. Wet a cotton ball or one corner of a washcloth with it and rub it against your LPS toy, pressing down firmly. Continue wetting your washcloth and removing the paint until your LPS toy is down to its plain base coat. You can also paint the LPS in white acrylic paint if you don't have acetone but this will take a bit longer. Always wash the pet before continuing, as the acetone can also ruin the paint. Wear a mask to prevent breathing in any dangerous fumes. Don't try to take the paint off with nail polish remover. It will smear the paint instead of taking it off. Squirt out some acrylic paint in your desired color. Acrylic paint won't smear and is easy to find in most craft stores! Pour out a small, coin-sized amount onto a paper plate or napkin. You'll only be applying in thin layers, so you don't want to pour out too much. You can use a matte color for a solid look, or try metallic for a bit of shine. Don't use sharpie markers or nail polish to paint your LPS toy. Sharpies can smear and stain, while nail polish will flake off after a few weeks. Start painting at the bottom of the toy with a thin paintbrush. Dip a small, thin paintbrush into your paint, getting just a little on the bristles. Hold your LPS toy by the top and start painting on the feet and legs, going from front to back. Use smooth brush strokes and paint in thin coats so it doesn't clump and takes less time to dry. Starting at the feet will help them dry first, so you can set down the toy to paint the head. Continue to your toy’s head, then let it dry and paint a second coat. Continue painting in a smooth, thin layer until you get to the top. Let the paint dry for as long as the instructions specify, then paint on a second layer to neaten up and make the color bolder. If you're painting with different colors, feel free to switch while you're painting your first and second layers! Just try to use a different paintbrush for each color, or wash the brush thoroughly with water before using it for a new color. If your paint still isn't as neat or bright as you want it, add a third layer. Paint small details and designs last. Once you've completed the base layers of your paint, go back and add any last decorations. You might want to outline the eyes, eyelashes, lips, nose, paws, or tail in black or another color. This is also the time to add fun decorations like polka dots, tiger stripes, or anything else you want to try! Don't worry if you smeared into any unwanted areas. Simply wait for it to dry, then paint over it with the correct color. Acrylic paint is thick enough that the bottom color won't show through. Use a spray sealant to make your LPS toy’s custom look last. Once you're happy with your LPS toy's new paint job, let it dry fully for as long as the instructions say. Then, lay it flat on your newspaper base and spray it with a clear sealant product. Let it dry as specified in the instructions, then turn your LPS toy over and spray the back as well. For a flat finish, choose a matte spray. If you want a shinier look, go with a glossy spray. Do not use a nail polish clear coat for a sealant or it will smear the paint rather than sealing it. Paint over nail art stencils for cute, easy designs. Nail art stencils are tiny, making them the perfect tools to add cute details to your LPS toy! Choose a stencil from a nail art kit and stick it onto your toy, then use a small paintbrush to paint over the design in a thin layer. Let it dry, then carefully peel off the stencil. Use acrylic paint, which will last the longest and look the best on your toy. You can find nail art kits in the beauty aisle of most big stores, or online. Stick on small stickers to give your LPS toy a little extra detail. If you have a blank spot on your LPS toy and don't want to do any more painting, stickers are a great option! Choose a tiny one in any design you want, then carefully stick it on. Make sure you know exactly where you want to put it, since you probably won't be able to peel it back off once it's on. You can use regular crafting stickers or nail stickers, which are even smaller. Sprinkle or paint on a little glitter for a pretty shine. Try sprinkling on just a bit of glitter while your paint is still drying for a playful, random look. You can also place little sparkles on one by one in small areas, like around your LPS toy's eyes or paws. For even more accuracy, try using a glitter paint or glue. Add little bows on your LPS toy’s ears with colorful ribbons. You can tie a small bow with a pretty ribbon, then use super glue to attach it to your LPS toy's ears or head. You can also tie on the bow directly, but it might look a little messier and shift around over time. Give your LPS toy little props for a fun, unique addition. What else can you do to customize your LPS toy? The sky is the limit! Look around your house and see what kind of small accessories you can give your toy. You can attach them right to your LPS toy with superglue or lean them up against it on your shelf. Make custom accessories like tails with epoxy clay. Tools like epoxy clay are a great way to get creative with colorful, permanent accessories. You can make cool additions like hats, earrings, or even tails! Choose a clay color and mold away, attaching it to your LPS toy when you're done and letting it sit for 24 hours to dry. To create a unique mermaid tail for your LPS toy, first ask your parents to help cutting off the back legs with a sharp knife. Mold your epoxy clay in a swooping tail, about 1 in (2.5 cm) long. Let it dry for 24 hours, then mold a little mermaid fin for the end. Let it dry afterwards. If you want wings for your LPS toy do the same thing!!	Set up your painting station. Remove any existing paint with acetone. Squirt out some acrylic paint in your desired color. Start painting at the bottom of the toy with a thin paintbrush. Continue to your toy’s head, then let it dry and paint a second coat. Paint small details and designs last. Use a spray sealant to make your LPS toy’s custom look last. Paint over nail art stencils for cute, easy designs. Stick on small stickers to give your LPS toy a little extra detail. Sprinkle or paint on a little glitter for a pretty shine. Add little bows on your LPS toy’s ears with colorful ribbons. Give your LPS toy little props for a fun, unique addition. Make custom accessories like tails with epoxy clay.
https://www.wikihow.com/Thicken-Caramel-Sauce	How to Thicken Caramel Sauce	If your caramel sauce is too thin, there are a few easy ways to thicken it. Keep in mind that when your caramel sauce cools, it will naturally thicken anyway. However, if it's really thin when hot, let it simmer for about 10 minutes in the pan while stirring it constantly. This will evaporate some of the water and make the sauce thicker. Alternatively, you can mix in water with cornstarch or flour to thicken the sauce. If you're using cornstarch, add 1 tablespoon each of water and cornstarch for every cup of caramel sauce. For flour, mix ¼ cup of water and 2 tablespoons of flour per cup of sauce. This works equally well for reheating store-bought or cold caramel sauce you made earlier.	Simmer the sauce on your stove. If you've just finished making a caramel sauce and think that the sauce is too thin, let the caramel sauce simmer and cook down on your stovetop. Try cooking for about 10 minutes for a thick sauce. As the liquid in the caramel sauce evaporates, you'll be left with a thicker sauce. Keep a close watch on your sauce as it thickens. Stir the caramel constantly. Otherwise you'll be left with a batch of too-think caramel. Let hot caramel sauce cool. If you've just finished making your initial batch of caramel sauce and find that it's too thin, let the caramel cool. As the sauce cools, it will thicken. If you're unsure if your freshly-cooked sauce is the right consistency, let it cool first. It's easier to reheat and thicken caramel sauce than to add liquid to make the sauce thinner. Re-heat and simmer refrigerated sauce. If you've bought thin caramel sauce from the store—or been given it as a gift—you can thicken it on the stovetop too. The same concept applies as with a thin home-made caramel sauce. Pour the sauce back into a saucepan, and heat it on medium heat (around 4) on your stovetop range until the sauce begins to simmer and thicken. If you're concerned about burning the bottom layer of your cold caramel sauce, start the burner on low heat (2 or 3) until the sauce has started to warm up. Reduce the amount of milk. If you know that you want a thick caramel sauce, cut down on the amount of milk that the recipe suggests. Leave out about 1/3 or 1/2 of the recommended milk. This will result in a caramel sauce that's thicker and that you won't have to spend extra time simmering. For example, if a recipe calls for 1.5 cups (360 mL) of milk, try only using 1 cup (250 mL). Add more sugar to the sauce. Most caramel sauces are made by caramelizing sugar and adding milk and a little salt. If you increase the amount of sugar in the recipe you'll end up with a thicker caramel. Try increasing the sugar by about 1/3. The amount of milk suggested by the recipe, then, will leave you with a thick caramel sauce. Be aware that this will also increase the sweet, caramel flavor of the sauce. If you want a caramel sauce with a milder flavor, avoid adding the extra sugar. Substitute cream for the milk. If you want a thick caramel sauce but would rather avoid altering the amounts of ingredients given in a recipe, you can simply use heavy whipping cream instead of milk. The whipping cream will taste the same as milk in the final product, but will produce a thicker sauce. Switching out milk for cream will result in a rich, heavy caramel sauce. Thicken the sauce with cornstarch. For each cup (240 mL) of caramel sauce that you need to thicken, run 1 tbsp (14.7 mL) of cold water into a measuring cup, and slowly stir in 1 tbsp of cornstarch. Pour the cornstarch mixture into your pot caramel sauce, and stir constantly. Keep the sauce on low heat until it begins to thicken. Then remove the sauce from the stove and let it cool. Add flour to the sauce. If you want to thicken your caramel sauce with flour, start by filling a measuring cup with ¼ cup (60 mL) of cold water for each cup (240 mL) of caramel sauce that you want to thicken. Mix 2 tbsp (30 mL) into the cold water. Then add the flour mixture into the thin caramel sauce. Stir the sauce regularly until it takes on a thicker consistency. Add tapioca to the caramel sauce. If you want a thickener that will not alter the glossy color of the caramel, try tapioca flour (not pearls). Simply add small amount to your sauce to thicken it. Start with about 1 tsp (5 mL) and whisk it into the sauce until fully dissolved. If the sauce still isn't thick enough, add another tsp of tapioca flour. Keep in mind that adding ingredients to your caramel sauce other than sugar and milk (and a little salt) may slightly alter the taste of the sauce.	Simmer the sauce on your stove. Let hot caramel sauce cool. Re-heat and simmer refrigerated sauce. Reduce the amount of milk. Add more sugar to the sauce. Substitute cream for the milk. Thicken the sauce with cornstarch. Add flour to the sauce. Add tapioca to the caramel sauce.
https://www.wikihow.com/Overcome-Jealousy-of-Your-Best-Friend	How to Overcome Jealousy of Your Best Friend	If you're jealous of your best friend, make a note of all your strengths to remind yourself that you're worthy and unique. In general, try not to compare yourself to other people, since people are different in so many ways, and you're not defined by one thing. You should also take a moment to think about the cause of your jealousy. For instance, are you jealous of your best friend's looks, confidence, or intelligence? Don't be afraid to tell your best friend, since talking through your feelings usually helps. For example, say something like, “I wanted to tell you, I'm super jealous of your hair. I love your style more than mine.”	Consider your insecurities. Often, when you figure out what your insecurities or challenges are, you will be able to build them into strengths, which will prohibit feelings of jealousy. While it isn't an easy task to examine yourself for your flaws, it must be done. Remind yourself that you are more than just your insecurities. Try to keep a positive mindset while identifying areas in which you are insecure. Remind yourself of things you do feel confident in or like about yourself. Remember that you can change any insecurity into a strength with time and effort. For example, perhaps you are lonely and want to make more friends, but you are not outgoing. Practice being outgoing and friendly toward strangers and eventually you will have turned your shyness into friendliness and you'll have made new friends. Build your self-esteem. Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself as a person. There are many ways to work on your self-esteem including, but not limited to: Recognizing your strengths. Are you good at school? Do you excel at sports? Are you a fair listener or a trusted secret keeper for your friends? Actively engaging in activities you are good at can remind you of your strengths and build self-esteem. Keeping a list of every compliment you received over the course of a week. Read over these compliments when you are feeling insecure. Working on your challenges. Perhaps you are terrible at bowling and your best friend is a good bowler. You can improve your bowling through practice. Find happiness in yourself. It's easier to become jealous of people around you if you aren't happy with yourself. Feelings of inadequacy increase the likelihood that you will experience jealousy. You can find happiness in yourself by doing following: Focusing on internal strengths. When you focus on external factors, such as popularity or earning potential, those things could shift and your self-esteem could crumble. When you focus on internal factors, your self-esteem is built on a much more stable foundation and you will be happier with yourself. Practicing daily intentions. Remind yourself that you are capable of giving and receiving love, attention, and respect, and that you are deserving of these things. Post them somewhere visible, such as on your mirror or computer monitor. Consider saying them out loud each day. Visual prompts can be very helpful for affirmations. Reclaim your power over your emotions. Do not let your emotions hold control over you as this will create a reactive state of emoting. Instead, you want to acknowledge that every emotion you feel is a choice. You have chosen to allow yourself to feel what you are feeling and you are in control of your emotions. When you begin to feel jealous or angry, remind yourself that you are being reactive and choose to stop feeling that way. Ask yourself what you are feeling and if you want to feel this way. If you do not want to feel this way, take some deep breaths and focus on the emotion you want to feel instead. Make the choice to feel the way that you want to feel. For example, if you want to feel happiness, focus on being happy, identify what makes you happy, and maintain a positive mental attitude. Ask yourself what is causing you to feel jealous. It's important to identify the root of your jealousy. While you may initially believe that you are jealous of something superficial, once you begin to look at your feelings of jealousy more deeply, you will realize that there is likely one specific root of your jealousy, which you can then change. Ask yourself: Are you jealous of your best friend because you think she is prettier than you? What makes her prettier than you? Is it her haircut, her clothing, or her makeup? Is it the way she carries herself or her self-confidence? If you are jealous of your best friend's haircut, you can go to the salon to have your hair done in a similar style. If you are jealous of her clothing or makeup, you can go shopping for new clothing or makeup for yourself. If you are jealous of the way she carries herself, you can work on your posture, poise, and self-confidence, and pretty soon you will be carrying yourself in a new way. Once you have figured out what specifically you are jealous of, you can begin to work on yourself to overcome that jealousy. Disconnect your emotions from the situation that triggered them and then analyze them. Ask yourself if what you're jealous of will matter a year from now. Often you are jealous of something fleeting and trivial. Once you've analyzed your feelings free from the situation, you may come to realize that you are feeling jealous for irrational or unreasonable reasons. If this is the case, remind yourself that you are being irrational and check your jealousy. For example, a rational person who is in control of their emotions would not feel jealous of their best friend when a third party compliments their best friend's shoes. If you find yourself being jealous of your best friend in this moment, remind yourself that your friend did not ask for the compliment; that your best friend's shoes are awesome; and that you've got some great shoes on too, even if they have not yet been noticed. There's no need to be jealous for such a trivial reason. Stop comparing yourself to others. When you live your life constantly comparing yourself to others, you will create insecurities and recognize disparities that will breed jealousy. Instead, try to compare yourself only to yourself. Try this: Possibly take a break from social media until your self-esteem is better. Social media gives you the impression that everyone else's life is perfect and full of abundance. Remember what you were doing and what you had a year ago and compare yourself to that person. This will highlight your personal successes and gains, which will help build your self-esteem and diminish your tendencies to feel jealousy. Make a list of the things that you were doing, the goals you had, and the successes in your life a year ago. Next, make a list of the things you're currently doing, the goals you currently have, and the successes in your life now. You might also note the goals you achieved in specific terms. Own your jealousy. Once you've recognized the root of your jealousy and you've come up with a solution, talk to your best friend. For example, you might tell your best friend that you are jealous of her because she has the haircut that you want and ask her if she would be okay with you getting the same haircut. You might even ask her if she could recommend her salon to you. Turn this into a bonding moment that could strengthen your friendship. Acknowledge that your feelings are your own and that you are in control of them. Instead of saying, “Your hair makes me so jealous!” try, “I feel jealous of your hair. You've got a great cut.” In this way, you're using “I” statements, rather than “you” statements to talk about your jealousy. Also own where your jealousy could be coming from, such as a history of being bullied, an abusive relationship, etc. Practice open communication. Sometimes just talking to your best friend can solve the issue. Be honest about the way that you feel and be sure that you don't project your feelings onto them. Use “I statements: “I feel this way about…” Make sure that your communication is two way, meaning that you listen closely to your best friend's response to your declarations of jealousy. Try to work to overcome your jealousy by talking about it. Encourage your friend to share her feelings with you, too. Return to the reason you are friends. If you are still unable to abate your jealousy even after working on yourself, identifying the root of your jealousy, and talking to your friend about it, then it is time to remind yourself of the importance of your friendship. Often, that will be enough to ease your feelings of jealousy. What makes you best friends in the first place? Think about your favorite memories together. Understand that your jealousy could destroy your friendship if you don't put it in check. Ask yourself which is more important to you: your friendship or your jealousy. Make sure that you are not feeling jealous because your friend is hypercritical or hard on you and makes you feel inferior to them. If this is the case, then this may not be a good friendship.	Consider your insecurities. Build your self-esteem. Find happiness in yourself. Reclaim your power over your emotions. Ask yourself what is causing you to feel jealous. Disconnect your emotions from the situation that triggered them and then analyze them. Stop comparing yourself to others. Own your jealousy. Practice open communication. Return to the reason you are friends.
https://www.wikihow.com/Spot-Valuable-Paintings	How to Spot Valuable Paintings	While hunting for valuable paintings, keep an eye out for authentic pieces that have the artist's original signature on them. Before buying an oil painting, check to make sure that the surface has texture. When examining a watercolor piece, hold the painting at an angle and look for rough spots around the brush strokes. Reproduction prints are incredibly common, so use a magnifying glass to inspect potential purchases for printer dots.	Seek out paintings created by renowned artists. For many people, the goal of art hunting is to find a lost masterpiece from a beloved artist. Though you most likely won't find anything by Monet or Vermeer, you may come across a hidden gem made by a lesser-known or regionally popular painter. Some artists whose work ended up at thrift stores include Ben Nicholson, Ilya Bolotowsky, Giovanni Battista Torriglia, Alexander Calder, and even Pablo Picasso. So you'll know what paintings to keep an eye out for, learn about different artists through local galleries, art museums, and online databases like the Web Gallery of Art. Search for paintings on your phone to see if anything comes up. If you stumble upon a piece you think may be valuable, try searching for it on Google or a similar search engine. If the painting shows up in your search results, you may have found a valuable item. If you don't know the name of a painting, search for it using descriptors. For example, you can find Thomas Gainsborough's The Blue Boy with the terms “painting,” “kid,” and “blue.” If you can take a high-quality photo of the piece, try running it through Google's Reverse Image Search at https://reverse.photos. This will make the searching process far easier. Purchase limited edition and signed prints. Though most art prints have little to no financial value, there are a couple of notable exceptions. Look out for prints that were part of a limited edition run, meaning the artist only produced a few copies, and prints with a handwritten signature from the artist on the front or back. Most limited edition prints have numbers on them indicating which copy you have and how many copies exist. Avoid buying small and subtle paintings if you plan on selling them. Unless you stumble upon an original piece by a popular artist, stay away from paintings that are extremely small in size or subtle to the point of being abstract. Though these paintings may be excellent, they don't have the same mass appeal that a large, traditional painting does, making them harder to sell. This is especially important if you plan to sell your paintings online since small and abstract art is hard to convey over digitized photographs. Pick up paintings with high-quality frames. Even if you decide that a painting is not valuable, make sure to examine the frame before moving on. Picture frames are works of art in their own right, so a vintage or well-crafted frame may be worth a lot regardless of the painting inside. Look for frames with: Hand-carved designs Intricate or unique patterns Gilded molding Slight wear and similar signs of age Look for the artist’s original signature. Often, the easiest way to tell if a painting is authentic or not is to look for the artist's signature on the front or back side. In particular, look for a signature that was hand-written or added to the piece using paint. If a painting doesn't have a signature, or if the signature seems flat and artificial, there's a good chance the piece is a reproduction print or fake. If you know the artist's name, look them up online and see if their signature matches the version on the painting. Signatures are easy to fake, so don't use this as your only proof of authenticity. Use a magnifying glass to check for printer dots. Before purchasing a painting, hold a magnifying glass up to it and look for small, perfectly-round dots arranged in a grid. If you see any, the piece is a reproduction print created using a laser printer. Though this method will help you identify common prints, be aware that it may not work for higher-quality giclee reproductions. Unlike laser prints, paintings made using a pointillist technique will have dots of varying sizes and shapes. Inspect oil paintings to see if they have textured surfaces. When determining the authenticity of an oil painting, check to see if the surface has bumps or paint waves on it. If your piece has a significant amount of texture, there's a good chance it is authentic. If the surface is completely flat, you're looking at a reproduction. If a painting only has 1 or 2 spots of texture, it may be a forgery disguising itself as the real deal. Examine watercolor art pieces to see if they have rough surfaces. To determine whether or not a watercolor painting is authentic, hold the piece at an angle and look at the paint strokes closely. If the paper appears rough around major strokes, you may have an original work of art. If the paper is uniformly smooth, it's most likely a reproduction. Look to see if canvas paintings have rough edges. A lot of the time, artists who work on canvas will make jagged or uneven brush strokes along the edges of their paintings. However, they often don't bother retouching these spots since viewers rarely look at them. As such, if a canvas painting has perfectly even edges, there's a good chance it's a factory reproduction. Check the back of the frame for signs of age. Often, the back of a frame will tell you more about a painting than the artwork itself. Look for frames that are dark in color and have clear signs of age such as peeling lacquer and patches of worn out wood. The older a frame is, the more likely the piece inside is authentic. If the back of a frame is mostly dark but has a few bright streaks in it, there's a good chance the painting is authentic but had to be relined at some point. Many old frames have a X or H shape in the back, something far less common in contemporary frames. Look at the artwork’s mounting method to see how old it is. If nails hold the painting in place, or if you see empty nail holes around the frame, there's a good chance the artwork is an original piece from before the 1940s. If staples hold the painting in place, there's a greater chance it is a reproduction, especially if it is an old piece and has no signs of a prior mounting method.	Seek out paintings created by renowned artists. Search for paintings on your phone to see if anything comes up. Purchase limited edition and signed prints. Avoid buying small and subtle paintings if you plan on selling them. Pick up paintings with high-quality frames. Look for the artist’s original signature. Use a magnifying glass to check for printer dots. Inspect oil paintings to see if they have textured surfaces. Examine watercolor art pieces to see if they have rough surfaces. Look to see if canvas paintings have rough edges. Check the back of the frame for signs of age. Look at the artwork’s mounting method to see how old it is.
https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Purple-Hair	How to Get Purple Hair	To get purple hair, you might want to bleach your hair first if it's dark so the color shows up better. If you don't want to bleach your hair, you can still dye it purple, but you'll probably want to dye it plum or burgundy first to create a good base. Either way, when you're ready to dye your hair purple, wash it with shampoo and lightly dry it so it's still damp. Once you're finished washing it, divide your hair into sections using clips, and apply some semipermanent purple dye to one section at a time. When you're finished, cover your hair with plastic wrap, and leave the dye in for 45 minutes. Wash your hair with a mild shampoo when the times up, then pour white vinegar over it to help the color last longer.	Bleach your hair to get the most vibrant purple results. If you have dark hair and you want your purple dye to be very bright, you'll need to lighten your hair as much as possible first by bleaching it. Since bleaching is a harsh chemical process, it's best to have it done at a salon by an experienced colorist, but you can do it yourself if you're comfortable experimenting with your hair. Most rainbow-colored dyes, including purple shades, are semi-permanent or temporary, which means they will not lighten your hair when you apply them. Because of this, they may not show up as well on dark hair. Bleaching may not be safe for your hair if it's been previously colored or chemically treated. Also, if your hair is very thick or dark, it may take several bleaching sessions before you get the color you desire. If any of these are true for your hair, consult a stylist before attempting to bleach at home. Apply coconut oil to your hair the night before you bleach it for extra protection. Soaking your hair in coconut oil the night before can help prevent damage due to bleaching, especially if your hair is thick or coarse. Rub a small amount of coconut oil into your palms, then distribute it evenly through your hair. Only use a little, since you don't want the oil to prevent the bleach from soaking into your hair the following day. The amount of coconut oil you need will depend on your hair thickness and length. Start with a pea-size amount, then use more if needed. Protect your workstation and skin from the bleach. To prevent the dye from staining your skin or the surfaces in your home, lay down towels on the floor around you and drape a towel over your shoulders. Rub a little petroleum jelly around your hairline and the tops of your ears, then put on the gloves that came in the bleaching kit. It may be helpful to have an extra pair of gloves nearby in case yours tear. Mix the ingredients according to the package directions. Typically, bleaching kits will come with a packet of bleach powder and a developer. Read the instructions thoroughly, then mix the products together, either in the provided container or in a glass or plastic bowl. Do not mix bleach in a metal bowl, as it could create a chemical reaction. Use a brush to apply the dye to your hair. If you want your whole head to be purple, you'll need to bleach all of your hair. Part each section of hair and brush on the bleach as close to your roots as you can without applying it directly to your scalp. Then, brush the bleach mixture all the way down your hair before moving to a new section. If you only want a few purple streaks, you only need to bleach those areas. Leave the bleach on for the recommended amount of time, then rinse. Since bleaching is a harsh chemical process, it's important not to leave the dye on for longer than instructed. Set a timer, and when the timer goes off, rinse your hair with cool water. If your hair isn't the color you wanted, you'll need to wait a few weeks before you bleach it again. In the meantime, deep condition your hair frequently to keep it as healthy as possible. If you're happy with the color, you can proceed to the purple dye. Since most purple dyes are non-toxic, you can apply them immediately after you bleach your hair. Condition your hair if you won't be dyeing it purple right away. Some bleaching kits come with a nourishing conditioner. If you're using the purple dye as soon as you finish bleaching, you may choose to wait and use this conditioner after that process. If you're not planning to dye your hair purple immediately, apply the conditioner according to the packaging instructions, then rinse it out after 3-5 minutes, or as directed. Many temporary and semi-permanent dyes should be applied to clean hair, so a thick conditioner might interfere with your hair's ability to absorb the purple hue. Use plum or burgundy dye first if you have dark hair and don’t want to bleach it. If you have dark hair and you want to dye it purple without using bleach, start by creating a base with permanent dye in a plum or burgundy shade. You can visit a stylist for this, or you can use a box dye at home. If you use a box dye, you can either apply it all over your hair or just to the areas you want to dye purple, such as highlights, the ends for an ombre effect, or the bottom layer of your hair for a peekaboo effect. Leave it on according to the package instructions, then rinse it out. This will create a purplish base that will help your color show up better. The final result will depend on your hair's color and texture, but if you use a highly-pigmented purple dye over this base, you should get a deep, rich purple hue. Keep in mind that using a box dye may be cheaper, but a color correction with a professional stylist will be expensive if you don't like your results. Protect your work area before you apply the purple dye. Rainbow hues are notorious for getting everywhere when you use them, so before you dye your hair purple, you should probably remove anything from the area that you don't want to get dye on, and lay trash bags on the floor. That way, if you spill or splatter the dye, it can't soak through and stain your floors. Also, wear gloves and old clothes that are okay to get stained, and drape a towel or hairdresser's cape around your shoulders so the dye doesn't get on your skin. You might also want to keep a damp towel nearby to clean up any spills. Wash your hair with shampoo, then lightly towel-dry it. While most permanent dyes work best on unwashed hair, semi-permanent and temporary dyes are best applied on freshly-washed, damp hair. The color will fade with each wash, so starting with clean hair will help to reduce the amount you need to wash your hair after dyeing it. Just use your regular shampoo, then blot your hair with a dry towel to get rid of excess moisture. There's no need to condition your hair. Conditioner seals your hair's cuticle, so you don't need to apply it until after rinsing out the dye. If your hair tangles easily, you can use a small amount of a lightweight conditioner. Just be sure to rinse it thoroughly. Spread a layer of petroleum jelly around your hairline to protect your skin. Some of the dye is likely to get on your skin when you're coloring your hair, and while semi-permanent and temporary dye are typically non-toxic, it can still leave stubborn purple stains. To keep the dye off of your face, create a barrier by spreading petroleum jelly all the way across your forehead, on the tops of your ears, and behind your ears around to the back of your neck. You can also use coconut oil or even a thick moisturizer. Use a comb and clips to divide your hair into sections. Comb your hair to detangle it, then use your comb to part your hair into sections, and clip each one up. The exact number of sections you'll use will depend on the length and thickness of your hair, but the idea is that you want it to be easy to fully saturate each section with dye. If your hair is short and thin, you might only need to divide it into 2 sections in the front and 2 in the back. However, if you have very long, thick hair, you might need to clip your hair into 8 or more sections. It's important to comb your hair before you dye it, since tangles could make the dye go on unevenly. Apply the purple dye all-over if you want to dye your whole head. You can use your hands if you like, but make sure to put on a pair of gloves first! For a more precise application, use a paintbrush or a foam craft brush to apply the dye to your hair. Starting with one of the front sections and working your way back, saturate the section with dye from the roots to the tips. Clip that section back up, then move to the next one. Continue until you've dyed all of your hair. With most semi-permanent and temporary hair dyes, there's no mixing required. Unless the instructions state otherwise, all you have to do is open the container and apply the color to your hair. If the dye came in a bottle, you may need to squeeze it into a bowl if you want to use a brush. Keep in mind the bowl may get stained. Some people prefer to dye from back to front, since the back of your hair takes longer to accept color. Brush the dye on in sections for a highlight-like effect. If you only want to dye certain sections of your hair, clip all of the rest of your hair out of the way, then apply your purple dye with a brush. The brush allows for precision, although keep in mind that when you shampoo, some of the purple dye will probably transfer to the rest of your hair. To minimize this, rinse your hair quickly focusing on the highlighted sections first. For instance, you might dye just the underside of your hair, or just your bangs. Dye just the ends of your hair for an ombre effect. If you only want to dye the ends of your hair, you can either brush the dye on, or you can dip your hair into the bowl or container of dye. Try to create a straight line where the dye ends. If some of your hair has the last 2 in (5.1 cm) dyed but the rest only has purple on 1 in (2.5 cm), it will look messy. This is a fun way to try out a bold color without committing to an all-over look. Cover your hair with plastic wrap and leave the dye on for 45 minutes. Once you've applied the dye, wrap your hair in plastic wrap or cover your head with a shower cap and let the dye soak into your hair for however long the directions say—typically about 30-45 minutes. However, if you're using a non-toxic dye, it won't hurt your hair to leave the color on longer if you want, and it can help produce a more vivid purple hue, especially if you have coarse or thick hair. If you don't have plastic wrap or a shower cap, you don't have to use them. However, this will help lock in the heat from your scalp, which can help the dye penetrate deeper into your hair, helping it last longer. A plastic grocery bag will also work as a cover for your hair. Rinse the dye with cold water and vinegar. Once the time is up, unwrap the plastic from your hair and rinse your hair under very cool water until it runs clear. This can take a while, so be patient. Once the water is clear (or mostly clear), wash your hair with a mild shampoo and rinse it again. Pour white vinegar over your hair, then rinse it well and condition your hair as usual When you're finished, towel-dry your hair with an old towel, as a little of the dye might still transfer. Do not use clarifying shampoo to wash your purple hair, as it will strip the color. Sulfate-free shampoo is best for color-treated hair. If you don't want to use vinegar, you don't have to, but it may help your new hair color last longer. Try to shampoo your hair as little as possible. Since most rainbow-colored dyes just color the outside of your hair's cuticle, they're going to fade a little every time you wash your hair. Try to wash your hair only every other day at the most to keep the purple hair from fading prematurely. If your hair gets oily between washes, use dry shampoo to help keep it looking clean. Use a sulfate-free shampoo and cold water when you do wash your hair. Sulfates are harsh detergents that can strip the color from your hair. If you want to preserve your purple dye as long as possible, look for a sulfate-free shampoo wherever you normally buy your hair supplies. Hot water can also fade your color, so use the coolest water you can stand when you wash your hair. Many drugstores and supermarkets now carry affordable sulfate-free shampoos. Deep condition your hair every time you wash it. To preserve your color and keep your hair looking healthy, use a thick conditioner on your hair every time you wash it, especially if you bleached your hair. If all you have is your regular hair conditioner, apply it to your hair generously and leave it on for at least 3-5 minutes before you rinse it out. Don't forget to rinse your conditioner with cool or cold water! Boost the purple with a color refresher shampoo. If you want to keep your color looking vibrant, purchase a shampoo that's made to intensify purple color. You can also mix a little of your original purple dye with your shampoo or conditioner to get a boost of color every time you wash your hair. Reapply semi-permanent dye every 6 weeks or as needed. Semi-permanent dye typically lasts for about 6 weeks, although you will likely notice your color fading after about 3-4 weeks. You can enjoy the range of purple shades as your color fades, or you can re-color your hair to keep it looking bold and bright. Luckily, since these products are typically not damaging to your hair, you can use them as often as you like! Many semi-permanent dyes contain rich conditioners, so they can actually make your hair healthier when you use them, as opposed to permanent dyes, which contain harsh chemicals. Minimize your use of hot tools. Just like the heat from the sun, hot tools, like a flat iron or a hair dryer, will cause your color to fade more quickly as well. Let your hair air-dry whenever possible, and avoid styling your hair with heat if you can. If you do use your hot tools, set them to the lowest heat possible first, and use a heat-protectant spray. Avoid chlorinated pools or wear a swim cap. Chlorine is harsh on everyone's hair, color treated or not. Aside from the damage, though, chlorine will make your hair color fade quickly, so it's best to avoid getting your hair wet with chlorinated water whenever possible. If you do want to get into a chlorinated pool, try not to put your hair under the water, or wear a swim cap if you're planning on going underwater. Wear a hat if you'll be in the sun. Sunlight and heat can cause your purple hair to fade quickly. If you know you'll be spending the day outdoors, protect your hair with a hat. Wide-brimmed hats are especially effective, as they'll cast a shadow that can protect more of your hair from the sun.	Bleach your hair to get the most vibrant purple results. Apply coconut oil to your hair the night before you bleach it for extra protection. Protect your workstation and skin from the bleach. Mix the ingredients according to the package directions. Use a brush to apply the dye to your hair. Leave the bleach on for the recommended amount of time, then rinse. Condition your hair if you won't be dyeing it purple right away. Use plum or burgundy dye first if you have dark hair and don’t want to bleach it. Protect your work area before you apply the purple dye. Wash your hair with shampoo, then lightly towel-dry it. Spread a layer of petroleum jelly around your hairline to protect your skin. Use a comb and clips to divide your hair into sections. Apply the purple dye all-over if you want to dye your whole head. Brush the dye on in sections for a highlight-like effect. Dye just the ends of your hair for an ombre effect. Cover your hair with plastic wrap and leave the dye on for 45 minutes. Rinse the dye with cold water and vinegar. Try to shampoo your hair as little as possible. Use a sulfate-free shampoo and cold water when you do wash your hair. Deep condition your hair every time you wash it. Boost the purple with a color refresher shampoo. Reapply semi-permanent dye every 6 weeks or as needed. Minimize your use of hot tools. Avoid chlorinated pools or wear a swim cap. Wear a hat if you'll be in the sun.
https://www.wikihow.com/Connect-HDMI-Cables	How to Connect HDMI Cables	To connect HDMI cables, start by locating the HDMI port on your device, which looks like a thin, wide slot with a slightly tapered base. Next, attach one end of the HDMI cable to your computer and plug the other end into the HDMI slot on the back or side of your TV. Then, find the number next to the HDMI slot on your TV and use your remote to switch the TV's settings to the HDMI input number.	Locate the HDMI ports. An HDMI port resembles a thin, wide slot with a slightly tapered base. Not all computers have HDMI ports, but most newer ones do. HDMI ports are typically located on the sides of laptops and on backs of desktop computers. If your desktop computer does not have an HDMI port, you may need to install a new video card. If your computer doesn't have an HDMI port, but has another output such as DVI or DisplayPort, you can purchase an adapter that will allow you to connect an HDMI cable. If you are converting DVI to HDMI, you will need to use a separate cable for audio, as DVI does not transfer audio signal. There are also USB-to-HDMI adapters for computers with no video ports. Attach one end of the HDMI cable to your computer. Typically, the wider end of the HDMI cable will be facing up. Plug the other end of the HDMI cable into your TV. It will fit into the HDMI slot on the back of your TV, though sometimes the HDMI slot faces parallel to the TV screen rather than away from it. If the TV is on, your computer will usually automatically detect it and switch its display output to the TV. Switch to the HDMI input using your TV remote. If your TV only has one HDMI input, simply switch to that input's number; otherwise, you will need to find the HDMI input that your computer is connected to. The HDMI slot on your TV will typically have a number beside it; that number the the input number for HDMI. In most cases, you'll press Input on the remote to bring up the Input menu, then use the remote's arrows to navigate to the HDMI input number (e.g., "Input 3" or "HDMI 2"). View your computer's display settings. Common display settings include using only the TV's screen as the video output, as well as using both the TV screen and the computer screen ("mirroring"). Choose the mode that works best for your in your computer's Display menu. Windows - Open Start , click Settings , click System , and click Display. Mac - Click the Apple menu , click System Preferences , and then click Displays. Locate the HDMI ports on all of the devices. An HDMI port resembles a thin, wide slot with a slightly tapered base. If you have a receiver with enough HDMI input ports, and your TV has at least one HDMI input, you should be able to connect all of your devices to get the best possible quality from your home theater. Most new receivers will have multiple HDMI inputs that allow you to connect all of your HDMI-capable devices, as well as an HDMI output for connecting to your TV. You can buy an HDMI splitter for a one-port receiver. Check what version of HDMI your TV supports. Check that your TV supports HDMI 1.4 ARC (Audio Return Channel). This allows the TV to send audio back to the receiver, which routes your TV sound through your home theater speakers. Most TVs made after 2009 support HDMI 1.4 and newer. If your TV does not support HDMI 1.4, you will need to use a separate audio cable to connect the TV to the receiver (e.g., digital optical). If you are watching TV through a cable box via your receiver, you don't need to worry about ARC since the sound is coming from the cable box into the receiver. Connect your devices to your receiver inputs via HDMI. These could include DVD/Blu-ray players, game consoles, and more. If you have limited HDMI inputs, use HDMI cables for the most recent devices first, as they will benefit the most. For example, if your receiver only has two HDMI inputs and you have a Roku, a PlayStation 4, and a DVD changer, plug the Roku and the PS4 in with HDMI, and use a component connection for the DVD player. The Roku and PS4 will benefit much more from the HDMI connections. HDMI plugs only go in one way, so don't force any connections. Connect the receiver to the TV. Plug one end of an HDMI cable into the receiver's HDMI slot, then plug the other end into the TV. This allows the image from all the devices connected to your receiver appear on your TV. Use the receiver to switch between inputs. Since your devices are now routed through the receiver, the TV can be set to the HDMI input that you plugged in from the receiver, allowing you to switch between inputs using your receiver remote. Since everything has been connected via HDMI, all the sound from your devices should go through your receiver's speaker setup. Most devices should configure automatically when they detect the HDMI connection, though you may need to tweak some settings for certain devices. Connect your devices directly to your TV. If you aren't setting up a home theater system, you can still plug your HDMI devices directly into your TV and then control the inputs using your TV remote. Most modern TVs have at least two HDMI inputs. If you have more HDMI-capable devices than you do input ports on your TV, you can purchase an HDMI switch that will expand the number of available HDMI ports. Enable HDMI-CEC if you like. HDMI-CEC allows you to use your TV remote to control your other HDMI devices. To enable HDMI-CEC, you'll have to access each device's settings menu. HDMI-CEC is called different things by different companies, including Anynet+ (Samsung), Aquo Link (Sharp), Regza Link (Toshiba), SimpLink (LG), and more. Refer to your TV's manual for more information. Locate the HDMI port on the back of your console. An HDMI port resembles a thin, wide slot with a slightly tapered base. In addition to most Xbox 360s, all PlayStation 3s, PlayStation 4s, Wii Us, and Xbox Ones support HDMI by default. The Wii does not support HDMI, and the original model of Xbox 360 does not either. If you don't see an HDMI port on the back of your console, it doesn't support HDMI. Consoles like the PlayStation 2 and original Xbox don't support HDMI. Plug one end of the HDMI cable into your console. The HDMI slot will typically be in the back of the console, on either the left side or the right side. Attach the other end of the cable to your TV. It will fit into the HDMI slot on the back of your TV, though sometimes the HDMI slot faces parallel to the TV screen rather than away from it. Make a note of the HDMI slot's input number while you're doing this. Switch to the HDMI input using your TV remote. If your TV only has one HDMI input, simply switch to that input's number; otherwise, you will need to find the HDMI input that your console is connected to. The HDMI slot on your TV will typically have a number beside it; that number the the input number for HDMI. In most cases, you'll press Input on the remote to bring up the Input menu, then use the remote's arrows to navigate to the HDMI input number (e.g., "Input 3" or "HDMI 2"). If you can't find the input, turn on your console and switch through inputs until you see the console's screen. Change your console's default connection if necessary. Most consoles will automatically detect the HDMI cable and attempt to configure the best settings, but you may need to go into the Video settings on your console and select "HDMI" as the input if you have multiple different cables. If HDMI is the only input available, your console will select it by default. You may be taken through a short setup process when you start the console up with HDMI for the first time.	Locate the HDMI ports. Attach one end of the HDMI cable to your computer. Plug the other end of the HDMI cable into your TV. Switch to the HDMI input using your TV remote. View your computer's display settings. Locate the HDMI ports on all of the devices. Check what version of HDMI your TV supports. Connect your devices to your receiver inputs via HDMI. Connect the receiver to the TV. Use the receiver to switch between inputs. Connect your devices directly to your TV. Enable HDMI-CEC if you like. Locate the HDMI port on the back of your console. Plug one end of the HDMI cable into your console. Attach the other end of the cable to your TV. Switch to the HDMI input using your TV remote. Change your console's default connection if necessary.
https://www.wikihow.com/Thicken-Curry	How to Thicken Curry	If you need to thicken curry, try stirring in a spoonful at a time of unflavored Greek yogurt until you get the thickness you desire. This will add a creamy texture, and is also a good way to cool off your curry if it's a little spicier than you would like. If you're making a tomato-based curry, add in tomato paste or puree to the curry to thicken it. Also, if your curry has potatoes in it, take out a few of the potatoes and mash them up, then add them back into the curry. This will thicken the dish without changing the flavor.	Mix in unflavored yogurt. A thick yogurt, like Greek yogurt, works best. Simply add a small amount of yogurt, like a spoonful, at a time. Stir your yogurt into the curry and keep adding a little more at a time until it reaches your desired thickness. This is great for Indian-style curries as a cream substitute. It can also come in handy if your curry is a little spicier than you would like, as it can cool your curry down. Try tomato paste or puree. This works best for curries that are already tomato-based, as it won't affect the flavor too much. Tomato puree is usually thicker than paste and has a slightly stronger flavor. Mix in a small amount of tomato puree or paste into the curry. Add a little at a time until the curry gets as thick as you want. If you don't have puree or paste, you can try diced tomatoes. For best results, add tomatoes or tomato puree during the cooking process rather than after. Mash the potatoes already in your curry. If you're cooking with potatoes, try mashing them after the curry is cooked. This is a simple way to thicken the curry without potentially damaging or diluting the flavor. Sometimes, a few mashed potatoes can make for a thicker curry. Try cornstarch. If you have some cornstarch on hand in your kitchen, mix a tablespoon (15 mL) of cornstarch with a tablespoon (15 mL) of water. Mix this into your curry while it's boiling to get it to thicken. If necessary, you can add a bit more water and cornstarch if your curry doesn't thicken with one tablespoon (15 mL) of each. Use flour and cooking fat. Two tablespoons of flour (30 mL) mixed with two tablespoons (30 mL) of a cooking fat like butter can thicken curry. Remove a cup of curry (240 mL) and mix it with your flour and cooking fat mixture. Return the curry to the main pot and mix it in to thicken your curry. You can add in a bit more flour if your curry doesn't thicken the first time. Add arrowroot. Arrowroot thickens curry just like cornstarch. Add a tablespoon (15 mL) of arrowroot to your curry and then mix it in. If your curry doesn't thicken, add a little bit more at a time until you get the right consistency. Reduce the heat. If your curry doesn't adequately thicken during the normal cooking time, switch the heat to a simmer. Let the curry simmer over the heat while you keep an eye on it. Keep the curry uncovered while it simmers. Let the curry simmer until it reduces. As the curry simmers, you can expect it to reduce. Stir the curry as it reduces to test the thickness. Let the curry reduce until it's as thick as you want. Time varies greatly depending on the type of curry, so keep an eye on your curry as it thickens. It may reduce in a few minutes or it may need 10 to 20 minutes to thicken. Add water if your curry gets too thick. Sometimes, curry can reduce too much when simmering. This may result in a curry that's too thick. Simply add a little bit of water at a time in this case until your curry gets to the right consistency.	Mix in unflavored yogurt. Try tomato paste or puree. Mash the potatoes already in your curry. Try cornstarch. Use flour and cooking fat. Add arrowroot. Reduce the heat. Let the curry simmer until it reduces. Add water if your curry gets too thick.
https://www.wikihow.com/Diagnose-Keratitis-in-Cats	How to Diagnose Keratitis in Cats	To diagnose keratitis in cats, watch for eye-related symptoms, like redness, swelling, discharge, discoloration, squinting, and brown stains. Respiratory distress, such as sneezing and nasal discharge, may also be present. If you notice these symptoms, take your kitty to a vet as soon as possible for an evaluation, since leaving keratitis untreated can lead to severe eye damage and blindness. Because keratitis can be caused by a variety of health issues, your vet will run tests to identify the cause of the symptoms. The treatment will depend on the underlying condition, but common treatments are eye drops, topical ointments, supplements, antivirals, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory medications.	Take your cat to the vet. If you suspect that your cat has keratitis, take him to the vet immediately. Leaving keratitis untreated can lead to severe eye damage which may result in blindness. Common symptoms of keratitis include swollen or irritated eyes, discharge from the eye, and discoloration of the eye. Though eye irritation might be due to multiple conditions, or caused by a variety of triggers, any eye problems in your cat should be seen by a vet. Get a physical examination. When you take your cat to the vet, the vet will perform a thorough physical exam. This usually includes checking the cat's temperature to rule out fever, listening to the chest, and looking at the tongue. Then the vet will check for complications in the eye, such as a corneal ulcer or glaucoma. Your vet will check to see if the cat has a more generalized respiratory infection, such as with herpes virus. To check for an ulcer, the vet puts drops of a special dye into the eye. The orange dye stains ulcers bright green. This is important to check since the treatment for keratitis can involve steroid drops, and steroids can make corneal ulcers worse. If the vet suspects glaucoma, then she will use a tonometer to check the pressure within the eye. This condition can mimic keratitis, but the treatment is different for glaucoma than keratitis. Run additional tests. To rule any other reasons for keratitis, the vet may select other tests to run. This may include wiping a sterile swab over the surface of the eye and then sending the culture to check if there is a bacterial colony present which needs treatment. The vet may also run blood tests, checking the pet's general health and factors which may suppress the immune system, such as FeLV and FIV. These can prevent the natural defense mechanisms of the eye from reducing inflammation. Watch for swollen eyes. One symptom of keratitis is red, swollen eyes. Swollen eyes may be accompanied by a discharge from the eye. The discharge from the eye may be clear and watery, making the fur beneath look wet. It may also take on a yellow-green color if it is infected. Swollen eyes may be a symptom of a generalized infection from the herpes virus. Check to see if the cat is favoring his eye. Cats with keratitis may display symptoms of eye discomfort. This means the cat may favor the eye. Your cat may rub the eye with his paw or rub his eye on the ground. The eye may be closed, or your cat may start squinting. Additionally, he may be sensitive to light, so he may spend time in dark places or have trouble keeping his eyes open in bright lights. Monitor for eye discoloration. If your cat has keratitis, there may be some discoloration in the eye. The surface in the center of the eye should be clear so you can see the black pupil. If keratitis is present, you may see abnormalities there. The surface of the eye may have inflamed patches with blood vessels threading over the surface. Sometimes, due to extra cells in the eye area, the eye may take on a whitish appearance that looks like white-pink lace. Look for brown stains in the eyes. With severe keratitis that becomes well-established due to lack of treatment, sometimes the area slowly becomes pigmented and brown staining covers the surface. This change may be permanent and the pigment prevents light entering the eye and interferes with the cat's sight. In severe cases, the cat may become blind in that eye as a result. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment is desirable. Tests may be done to rule out other possible causes of the eye symptoms to make a more definitive diagnosis, especially in the case of herpes. Look for respiratory distress. Cats who have keratitis may display signs pointing to problems with their upper respiratory system. This might include sneezing, nasal discharge, or even discharge from the ears. If the keratitis occurs because of the herpes virus, respiratory symptoms may show earlier than or at the same time as eye symptoms. Treat the condition. The treatment depends on the underlying reason for the keratitis and the symptoms. Common treatments for keratitis are eye drops or a topical ointment since eye infections are common. Your vet may also recommend giving your cat some kind of supplement to help boost her immune system, such as L-Lysine. This is supposed to help decrease the chance of a recurring corneal ulcer. If your cat has the herpes virus, the eye may not respond to the same treatments. Anti-virals may be given, along with an antibiotic for any present infection. If the swelling in the eye is bad, the vet may give the cat anti-inflammatory drugs. Understand that keratitis may be a result of a contagious disease. A cat with the feline herpes virus can infect another cat, which may lead to keratitis. If you know your cat or another cat has keratitis due to an infectious disease, separate them until the cat has been treated and healed. An infectious disease like feline herpes can be contracted through contact with bodily fluids such as saliva, nasal or ear discharge, and sneeze droplets. The virus can also be contracted from litter trays, food and water bowls, and bedding. Vaccinate your cat against FHV. Since a common reason cats get keratitis is due to the feline herpes virus, you should vaccinate your cat. While vaccinations won't eliminate the chances of your cat getting FHV, it will significantly reduce the risk. You can get your cat vaccinated against FHV at around eight weeks. It initially takes two or three injections, then a booster at one year, then boosters every one to three years. Learn the causes of keratitis. Keratitis is an umbrella term to describe the appearance of an affected eye. There is no one cause of keratitis. Anything that produces prolonged irritation on the surface of the eye can trigger the inflammation associated with keratitis. Common triggers include a herpes virus infection, a blow to the eye like a scratch sustained during a catfight, or rubbing on the surface of the eye, such as from eyelashes from inturned eyelids.	Take your cat to the vet. Get a physical examination. Run additional tests. Watch for swollen eyes. Check to see if the cat is favoring his eye. Monitor for eye discoloration. Look for brown stains in the eyes. Look for respiratory distress. Treat the condition. Understand that keratitis may be a result of a contagious disease. Vaccinate your cat against FHV. Learn the causes of keratitis.
https://www.wikihow.life/Maintain-Ideal-Body-Weight	How to Maintain Ideal Body Weight	To maintain your ideal body weight, monitor your progress by weighing yourself at least once a week so you can note any changes and take action like decreasing your portion sizes or doing more exercise. If you're usually on the go, make small changes to your routine like taking the stairs instead of the elevator, parking your car further away, or going for a walk during your lunch. Even when you're busy, try to avoid skipping meals since this will slow down your metabolism and cause you to burn fewer calories. Instead, keep healthy snacks on hand like nuts, fruit, or trail mix that you can eat throughout the day.	Determine your ideal weight. There are many formulas that can be used to calculate your ideal weight. One of the simplest is the HAMWI formula, which is used for adults over 5 feet tall. For men, the formula is 106 + 6 lbs for every inch over 5 feet. For women, it's 100 + 5 lbs for every inch over 5 feet. Add 10% if person has large frame, subtract 10% if person has small frame. If you're unsure, assume a medium frame, and make no adjustment. So, a man with a medium frame who is 6'2" would have an ideal weight of 190 lbs (106 + 84 lbs = 190 lbs). You can also calculate your Body Mass Index (BMI) which can help you decide if you should lose weight or maintain your current weight. To calculate your BMI, you'll want to divide your weight in kilograms by the square of your height in meters. To calculate using pounds and inches, divide your weight in pounds by the square of your height in inches and multiply by a conversion factor of 703. There are several reliable online BMI calculators, including through the Mayo Clinic: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obesity/in-depth/bmi-calculator/itt-20084938. Once you know your BMI, you can compare it to what is a normal BMI for your age, height and gender. Keep in mind that these calculations are very broad and do not take into account that muscle weighs more than fat. For instance, many professional athletes would be considered obese based on their BMI because they have more muscle, which increases their weight on the scale. Instead of getting hung up on a number, ask yourself: "What weight is healthy for me and also allows me to be mentally and physically at my best?" Figuring out what it realistic and healthy for you is more important than trying to hit some magical number. Determine how many calories you need to lose weight. To make sure you are eating the right amount of calories, you will want to determine your Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). Your BMR determines the amount of calories your body needs to function while at rest, and knowing your numbers can help you ensure that you are not eating too many (or too few) calories. To calculate your BMR, you'll need to calculate the relationship between your weight, height, and age. For men, use the following equation: 10 x weight (kg) + 6.25 x height (cm) – 5 x age (years) + 5. For women, use: 10 x weight (kg) + 6.25 x height (cm) – 5 x age (years) – 161. You may want to use an online calculator, such as the one at the Mayo Clinic: http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/weight-loss/itt-20084941 Track your calories. Once you have determined a healthy weight and how many calories you need to eat to lose weight, you'll want to ensure you are not eating too many or too few calories. If you're eating more calories you're burning, you can either add workouts to your day, or cut back on the number of calories you eat. If you're burning more calories than you're eating, then you need to exercise less or eat more. Count your calories. Make a note of what and how much you eat, and then look up the caloric value for those foods. Add them up to see your total daily caloric intake. You can use a pen and paper or an app like MyFitnessPal or the SuperTracker from choosemyplate.gov. Ensure that the calories you are eating come from nutritionally dense foods, including fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole-grain carbohydrates. Choose a variety of foods from each food group to ensure you are getting enough nutrients. These foods will give you increased energy, added vitamins and minerals, and you can eat more of them, while staying within your daily caloric requirements. Shift the way you view food and exercise. Your weight is linked to your emotions about food and exercise. View food as energy and as a path to achieve good health, have more energy, and improve your overall quality of life. Exercise can help boost your mood, combat disease, and improve your energy levels. Using food as a coping mechanism can make you feel worse and derail healthy weight management. Find other ways to meet your emotional needs, such as getting a massage, spending quality time with others, buying a new outfit, or a fun activity. Make healthy changes. If you are above or below your ideal weight, make a realistic plan to achieve the outcome you want. Focus on taking small steps, such as eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day. Track your achievements, exercise, and calories. Keeping a record can help you see patterns over time and allows you to make necessary adjustments. Develop an exercise regimen. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity per day, though you may need more depending on your goals for reaching your ideal body weight. Find exercises that you enjoy. Activities like swimming, gardening, walking, bike riding or dancing all count. These can be a fun and pleasant way to burn calories and stay fit, and you'll be more likely to stick with your routine. Hydrate your body. Drinking enough liquids (especially water) is critical to maintaining overall health, but also may help you reach your ideal weight. Drinking water may increase how many calories your body burns for at least an hour. Staying well-hydrated helps your muscles and heart work more efficiently. Be vigilant. People who are successful at maintaining their weight monitor their progress and step on the scale regularly. If you note that your weight has gone up or down, you can take steps to remedy it, such as increasing or decreasing portion sizes or modifying your exercise routine. Keep a health journal. Writing down your food and activity ensures that you are tracking how you are meeting your goals. Get enough rest. On average, the less people sleep, the more they weigh. Sleeping enough hours per night is an easy way to maintain your ideal weight, while also being a key part of an overall healthy lifestyle. Most adults need seven to nine hours of quality sleep on a regular schedule each night. When you are tired, you may be more likely to reward yourself with food. Stay active. Getting regular physical activity will help you maintain your ideal weight, while also lowering your risk for diabetes, heart conditions, strokes, and certain cancers. Staying sedentary harms your metabolism and makes you more likely to gain excess weight, even if you are not eating more. Simple changes can help you get more activity in your day such as taking the stairs, sitting less, parking your car further away, or taking a daily walk. Follow a consistent diet. Eating the same types of food each day is better than eating more on weekends, holidays, or other special occasions. Don't skip meals. This can slow down your metabolism and you'll burn fewer calories at rest. Keep healthy snacks on hand. You'll stay satisfied without adding too many calories. Eat mindfully. Savoring each bite of your meal will help you feel satisfied and fuller longer. Put your fork down between bites, chew slowly, and sit at a table to eat. These changes can help you become aware of physical hunger and satiety cues. Practice shopping smart at the grocery store. Plan ahead, bring a list, and avoid shopping while hungry. This will help you choose healthy foods and avoid bringing home non-nutritious foods such as cookies or soda. Cook healthy recipes at home. Restaurant food is often salty, fatty, and highly caloric. Preparing food in your own kitchen can help you develop healthy habits at meals and consume the right number of calories for your body. Don’t give up. There will inevitably be setbacks or interruptions to your routine, so be prepared. Weight maintenance is a long-term commitment. Make a plan if you know that your health routine for weight maintenance will be challenged or interrupted. Feeling like you are in control can help you overcome discouragement and keep you motivated. Keep a positive body image in mind. Part of maintaining your body's ideal weight is knowing what is realistic and attainable. View yourself as a whole person and appreciate all that your body can do, instead of focusing on physical faults. A negative body image can impede your weight goals and lead to other serious health consequences, such as developing eating disorders or mental health issues. Remember that health is more important than appearance. Drastic approaches to achieving an unrealistic weight are harmful to your emotional and physical health. Find a partner. Asking a friend or family member to partner with you on your health goals can help you stay accountable. Social support is a key strategy in reaching and maintaining the weight that is best for your body. Choose a partner who shares the same goals for weight maintenance that you do, and have regular meetings. Online communities can be a great source of social support for maintaining weight loss. Seek out groups in which you can share healthy eating and exercise tips. Take responsibility. Take an active role in managing your overall health. Maintaining your ideal weight requires making good decisions and taking charge of your diet and fitness level. Stay accountable through keeping the big picture in mind, and setting permanent objectives for your weight and health.. Get medical support. Keeping weight off after losing it is a tough task. Enlist your physician and other health professionals in helping you manage your weight. Get regular check-ups and discuss your weight with your doctor. They can advise you on healthy habits, and ensure that you don't have any health problems that may make it more difficult for you to lose or maintain weight.	Determine your ideal weight. Determine how many calories you need to lose weight. Track your calories. Shift the way you view food and exercise. Make healthy changes. Develop an exercise regimen. Hydrate your body. Be vigilant. Get enough rest. Stay active. Follow a consistent diet. Eat mindfully. Don’t give up. Keep a positive body image in mind. Find a partner. Take responsibility. Get medical support.
https://www.wikihow.com/Manage-Angina-Pain-with-Home-Remedies	How to Manage Angina Pain with Home Remedies	To manage angina pain with home remedies, drink 2 liters of water a day to help flush excess sodium from your body, which can lower your blood pressure and relieve angina pain. Another way to lower your blood pressure is to get enough sleep at night. You'll also want to eat a healthy diet to improve your heart health, so include grapes, oranges, apples, and berries into your diet. If you want to try some herbal remedies, squeeze half a lemon into a cup of warm water and drink it on an empty stomach to manage high cholesterol. Since turmeric powder keeps plaque from forming on your arteries, mix some into a cup of warm milk for a heart-healthy drink.	Keep a journal. Write in a journal to track patterns or changes in your daily routine. This can help your doctor determine if your pain is a result of an underlying heart problem, especially if you experience chest pain frequently. Angina can be a sign of coronary heart disease (CHD), even if initial tests don't point to the disease. However, not all chest pain or discomfort is a sign of CHD. Panic attacks and other lung or heart conditions can also cause chest pain. Your doctor may ask about your symptoms, risk factors for heart disease, and your family history regarding CHD and other heart conditions. Take note of the following things in your journal: What the pain feels like, symptoms you experience when you have chest pain, such as high blood pressure, and any symptoms you experience afterwards, such as nausea or dizziness. How often you experience chest pain, where you feel pain or discomfort, the severity of the pain and how long the pain lasts. Dietary changes or foods you ate two to three days prior to experiencing chest pain or indigestion. Also note any beverages such as coffee, tea, and soda, and how frequently you drink them per day or per week. New exercise regimes or recreational activities that cause physical exertion. Any stressful environments, work or relationships that may be causing symptoms of chest pain. Any other conditions you may have or any illnesses you may have had, such as a fever or cold, prior to experiencing chest pain. Any drugs, medications, supplements, herbs or home remedies you are currently using or may have used in the past two weeks. If your chest pain is interfering with your daily activities. Visit your doctor for diagnosis. Any kind of chest pain should be checked by your doctor, since it may be a symptom of an underlying condition. Your doctor may suggest lifestyle changes, medicines or medical procedures depending on the type and severity of your angina pain. Different types of angina have different symptoms and require different treatments. , If you have angina, you may diagnosed with one of the following: Stable angina: Stable angina is the most common type which follows a regular pattern, such as when it occurs and what factors may trigger it. It usually occurs after stress or physical activity and may last one to 15 minutes. Stable angina isn't a heart attack, but suggests that a heart attack is more likely to occur in the future. If you have stable angina, you can learn its pattern and predict when the pain will occur. The pain usually goes away a few minutes after you rest or take your angina medicine (usually nitroglycerin, taken sublingually or under the tongue). Variant angina: Variant angina is rare. A spasm in a coronary artery causes this type of angina. Variant angina usually occurs while you're at rest, and the pain can be severe. It usually happens between midnight and early morning. Smoking is a major risk factor for this type of angina. Medicine can relieve this type of angina. Unstable angina: Unstable angina doesn't follow a pattern and it may occur more often and be more severe than stable angina. It often occurs while the person is at rest. This type is very dangerous as it suggests that a heart attack may happen soon and requires emergency treatment. Unstable angina also can occur with or without physical exertion — it often happens without physical activity. Rest or medicine may not relieve the pain. Microvascular angina: Microvascular angina can be more severe and last longer than other types of angina. It is often noticed during routine activities and times of psychological stress. Symptoms include shortness of breath, sleep problems, fatigue and lack of energy. Medicine may not relieve this type of angina. Consider an electrocardiogram. Your doctor may suggest getting an electrocardiogram (ECG) to determine if you may have heart disease. If you experience angina pain or palpitations, an electrocardiogram is usually the first test to determine if you have heart disease. An ECG is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart to measure any damage to the heart, heart rate, size and position of heart chambers. It also measures the effects of drugs or devices you may be using to manage chest pain. In addition, an ECG can be used to monitor stress levels. The procedure for ECG is painless, done by attaching patches called electrodes to your arms, legs or chest to monitor heart activity. Ask your doctor about an ECG if you experience angina pain and have had heart problems in the past or have a strong history of heart disease in your family. Make sure your healthcare provider knows about all the medications you are taking, as some can interfere with test results. Exercising or drinking cold water immediately before an ECG may cause false results. Get a blood test. Blood tests check the levels of certain fats, cholesterol, sugar, and proteins in your blood. Abnormal levels may show that you have risk factors for coronary heart disease. Your doctor may recommend a blood test to check the level of a protein called C-reactive protein (CRP) in your blood. High levels of CRP in the blood may increase the risk for coronary heart disease and heart attack. Your doctor also may recommend a blood test to check for low levels of hemoglobin in your blood. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein in red blood cells. It helps the blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts of your body. If your hemoglobin level is low, you may have a condition called anemia. Drink lots of water. Water helps flush out excess sodium that causes high blood pressure and hypertension. These symptoms often lead to angina pain and coronary heart disease. Aim to drink at least eight ounces of water every two hours. 2 liters of water is the daily recommendation for the average adult. If you take caffeinated beverages, take 1 liter of water for every cup (1 fluid oz.) of caffeine. If you are taking blood-thinning medications or diuretics (water pills) for angina pain, ask your doctor about how much water you should consume. Not getting enough water can also lead to dehydration. Dehydration can cause headaches, irritability, dizziness, irregular heartbeat and shortness of breath. Non-caffeinated, glucose-free sports drinks with electrolytes can help alleviate dehydration as well. Get enough sleep. Not getting enough sleep has been linked to increased risk of high blood pressure, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and chronic stress, all of which can cause angina pain and increase the risk for heart disease. Studies show that sleep deprivation can weaken the immune system, increase the production of stress hormones, put you at higher risk for chronic disease and lower life expectancy. , If you suffer from sleep apnea or insomnia, talk to your doctor for possible treatments. Other ways you can make sure you get enough sleep include: Avoid caffeine, nicotine, alcohol and sugary drinks four to six hours before sleeping. These can act as a stimulant to keep you awake. A quiet, dark, and cool environment can help promote sleep. Use heavy curtains or an eye mask to block light. Light is a powerful cue that tells the brain that it's time to wake up. Keep the temperature comfortably cool (between 65 and 75°F or 18.3 to 23.9°C), and keep the room well ventilated. Make sure your bedroom is equipped with a comfortable mattress and pillows. Change your sheets and pillow covers often. If you have trouble breathing, try to prop your head up on a pillow to improve air flow. Struggling to fall asleep just leads to frustration. If you're not asleep after 20 minutes, get out of bed, go to another room and do something relaxing until you are tired enough to sleep. Avoid activities such as work or exercise three to four hours prior to sleeping. Physically and psychologically stressful activities can cause the body to secrete the stress hormone cortisol, which is associated with increasing alertness. Try listening to relaxing music or doing some light reading a few hours before sleeping. Having a regular sleep schedule helps to ensure better quality and consistent sleep. Try to set a routine by going to bed early and waking up early to set your body's internal clock. If you have congestive heart failure in addition to angina you may need to elevate the bed with pillows when you sleep so that your head is above your heart. Avoid sitting for long periods. Sitting idly greatly increases the risk for angina pain and other heart diseases. Do not sit in front of the TV, behind a work desk or driver's seat for more than two hours if you have been diagnosed with angina. Think about ways you can walk while you work, such as standing while talking on the phone. Take five minute breaks between work to stretch your arms and legs. The muscle activity needed for standing and other movement seems to trigger important processes related to the breakdown of fats and sugars within the body. When you sit, these processes stall and your health risks increase. When you're standing or actively moving, you kick the processes back into action. Avoid stress. While a small amount of stress is healthy, it can cause blood pressure, anxiety, irregular heartbeat and alter immune function, triggering angina pain and in severe cases cause heart attacks. As people age, achieving a relaxation response after a stressful event becomes more difficult. To avoid stress, practice meditation exercises like yoga and tai chi, make time for recreation and be sure to get enough rest. Other simpler ways to reduce stress are: Slow, deep breathing in a quiet environment. Breath in through your nose and out through your mouth. Try and feel the diaphragm muscle when you breath in order to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. Focus on positive outcomes. Restructure priorities and eliminate unnecessary tasks. Reduce use of electronic devices. These may cause eye-strain and trigger headaches. Use humor. Research has found humor to be an effective way to deal with acute stress. Listen to relaxing music. Get moderate exercise. Studies show that regular exercise is beneficial for individuals with stable angina as it helps regulate high blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes and obesity. Aerobic exercise, in particular, increases blood and oxygen flow to the heart while at rest and when you're doing everyday things like climbing stairs or carrying groceries. It also helps reduce the body's production of stress hormones and has a positive impact on psychological health. , Talk with your healthcare practitioner or a registered clinical exercise physiologist (RCEP) before starting an exercise program. Ask for specific program recommendations to improve cardiovascular fitness, increase muscle strength and endurance, and improve range of motion. An extended warm-up and cool-down may reduce the risk of angina or other cardiovascular complications following exercise. Warming up and cooling down are important parts of every exercise routine. They help the body make the transition from rest to activity and back again, and can help prevent soreness or injury, especially in older people. Choose low-impact activities such as walking, cycling or water exercises, which involve large muscles groups and can be done continuously. If your fitness level is low, start with shorter sessions (10 to 15 minutes) and gradually build up to 30 minutes five or more days per week. Perform light-resistance circuit training and whole-body range-of-motion exercises two to three days per week. Closely monitor your intensity level and stay within your recommended target heart-rate zone. Take frequent breaks during activity if needed. Stop exercising immediately if you experience angina. Contact your physician if you experience chest pain, labored breathing or extreme fatigue. Don't eat for two hours prior to exercise. Drink plenty of fluids before, during and after a workout. If nitroglycerin has been prescribed, always carry it with you, especially during exercise. Monitor your blood pressure. Irregular heartbeat, high or low blood pressure and increased stress can trigger angina pain, and in severe cases cause heart attack. Your doctor may ask you to keep track of your blood pressure at home. To do this, you will need to get a home blood pressure monitor. The monitor you choose should be of good quality and fit well. , Digital monitors are the best choice for most people. Practice using the monitor with your doctor or nurse to make sure you are taking your blood pressure correctly. A digital blood pressure monitor will not be as accurate if your body is moving when you are using it. Also, an irregular heart rate will make the reading less accurate. Your arm should be supported, with your upper arm at heart level and feet on the floor with your back supported and legs uncrossed. It's best to measure your blood pressure after you rest for at least five minutes. Blood pressure should not be checked right after experiencing stress, exercise, tobacco exposure, or consuming foods or beverages, such as coffee, that can raise blood pressure. If your blood pressure monitor shows a reading of more than 120/80 mmHg, you may have moderate hypertension. If it shows a reading higher than 140/90 mmHg, you may have high blood pressure and should tell your doctor. All adults should have their blood pressure checked every one to two years if their blood pressure was less than 120/80 mmHg at their most recent reading. Apply a warm towel compress. Soak a small towel in lukewarm water (104–113°F or 40–45ºC), then wring the water out. Lie down and apply the warmed towel to your chest or mid-back for 20 to 25 minutes. This helps improve circulation in the arteries and reduce spasms to relieve acute anginal pain within five to 10 minutes. If the pain is extremely severe, causes dizziness or shortness of breath, you should seek medical care immediately. , Take warm showers. Taking lukewarm showers (104–113°F or 40–45ºC) for five to 10 minutes can help improve circulation and reduce muscle pain, thus decreasing the chance of angina pain. You can do this up to two or three times per week. Taking frequent showers or showers longer than 15 minutes is not recommended as it can cause dry skin. Quit smoking. Smoking, secondhand smoke, exposure to carbon monoxide and taking in any form of nicotine can aggravate symptoms of angina pain. It can also cause hypertension and an irregular heartbeat, and it can constrict blood vessels. This increases the risk of having a heart attack and frequent angina pain. Try to avoid exposure to smoke and hazardous fumes in your environment. If you currently smoke, ask your doctor about ways to quit smoking. , Limit alcohol intake. A moderate amount of alcohol, whether it is wine, beer or spirits, can help lower the risk of heart disease and heart-related conditions such as angina. However, alcohol should be taken in moderation. If you have a condition related to angina, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat) or diabetes, you should reduce alcohol intake to one drink a day for women, and two per day for men. , Avoid alcoholic drinks if you are: someone recovering from alcohol addiction, pregnant or breastfeeding women, someone with a family history of alcoholism, someone with liver disease, or someone taking one or more medications that interact with alcohol. Avoid inflammatory foods. Foods that cause inflammation can increase your risk for heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. They can also cause indigestion, bloating, stress and depression, all of which can trigger angina pain. These foods are also high in saturated fats, which can cause blood clotting, constricted blood vessels and plaque formation in the heart's arteries, increasing the risk of heart attack in people with angina. Try to avoid these foods as much as possible: Refined carbohydrates such as white bread, pastries and donuts Fried foods Sugar-sweetened beverages such as soda or energy drinks Red meat such as veal, ham or steak and processed meats such as hot dogs Margarine, shortening and lard Eat certain fruits to improve heart health. Certain fruits can be effective in stopping angina pain. Because they are rich in antioxidants, they aid in purifying and thinning the blood, eliminating toxins and improving blood circulation. They are also a rich source of essential minerals, vitamins and nutrients. They may help to improve your immunity and the elasticity of your blood vessels. Fruits that promote heart health, and thereby reduce angina pain, include: Grapes Pineapples Strawberries, blueberries and cherries Oranges Pomegranates Apples Eat vegetables that may help to reduce angina pain. Vegetables that are rich sources of minerals, vitamins and nutrients may aid in managing cholesterol, reducing inflammation and regulating blood flow to reduce risk of angina pain and other heart diseases. Some vegetables to include in your diet include: Leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, collard greens, lettuce and cabbage Broccoli Green beans Sprouts Carrots Tomatoes Increase your intake of foods with essential fatty acids. Eggs, fish and lean poultry meats contain essential omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. These acids help lower bad cholesterol that can cause obesity and plaque formation in the arteries. They also help reduce stress and improve blood circulation and immune function. These factors will help reduce the risk of heart disease, heart attack and angina pain. , , Foods that are high in omega-3 fatty acids are are: Eggs Flaxseed Fatty fish such as salmon, tuna, mackerel and shrimp Poultry meats such as quail, turkey and chicken Nuts such as walnuts, almonds, and Brazil nuts Use heart-healthy cooking oil. Some vegetable oils such as flaxseed, canola, olive, and soybean are rich in omega-3 and omega-6 essential fatty acids, which help reduce cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease. Replacing your regular vegetable cooking oil with a healthier alternative can help decrease the risk of angina pain. , , You can also use these oils for salad dressings. Add honey to your diet. The phenolic constituents in honey such as quercetin, acacetin and galangin may help to treat cardiovascular conditions. Flavonoids in honey may also decrease your risk of other heart conditions. Because of this, honey may improve blood circulation, oxygen supply in the blood, and may enhance the functioning of your organs. It can also reduce the accumulation of fat in your arteries, thereby reducing the possibility of angina pain. Eat a teaspoon of wild honey in the morning every day. You can also add ½ teaspoon of honey to decaffeinated tea or glass of water and drink the mixture, up to three times per day. Make sure the honey does not contain added sugars, as these sugars can increase the risk of diabetes when used for a long period. Get more Vitamin C. Vitamin C is an important natural antioxidant that helps promote immune function, manage blood sugar, and stimulate cell growth and repair. Vitamin C also lowers the risk of various chronic diseases including angina pain and coronary heart disease. Although vitamin C deficiency is rare, it can greatly affect the immune system. Vitamin C can be taken as a dietary supplement with a recommended dose of 500 mg split into two or three times daily. You can also add vitamin C-rich foods to your daily diet. Good natural sources of vitamin C are: Sweet red or green peppers Citrus fruit such as oranges, pomelo , grapefruit, limes or non-concentrated citrus juices Spinach, broccoli and Brussel sprouts Strawberries and raspberries Tomatoes Mango, papaya and cantaloupe Since smoking depletes vitamin C, smokers may need an additional 35 mg per day. Increase your intake of niacin. Niacin is a form of vitamin B3 used to improve blood flow and lower bad cholesterol levels. High cholesterol causes plaque to build up in your arteries. Lowering your cholesterol reduces the risk for angina and heart disease. Niacin may also help regulate blood sugar levels for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The recommended dosage for niacin are 14 to 18 mg per day, whether taken as a supplement or through a food source. Do not take a higher dosage unless recommended by your doctor. People with coronary artery disease, severe or unstable angina should not take niacin without their doctor's supervision. Large doses can raise the risk of heart rhythm problems. The best food sources of vitamin B3 are found in beets, brewer's yeast, beef liver, beef kidney, fish, salmon, swordfish, tuna, sunflower seeds, and peanuts. Bread and cereals are usually fortified with niacin. In addition, foods that contain tryptophan, an amino acid the body converts into niacin, include poultry, red meat, eggs, and dairy products. Niacin is available as a tablet or capsule in both regular and timed-release forms. The timed-release tablets and capsules may have fewer side effects than regular niacin. However, the timed-release versions are more likely to cause liver damage. Doctors recommend periodic liver function tests when using high doses (above 100 mg per day) of niacin. Get enough magnesium. Magnesium is a necessary nutrient for many body functions, contributes to energy production. It regulates anxiety, stress, chronic fatigue, and helps maintain healthy blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels to reduce the risk of angina and other heart diseases. Magnesium deficiency can also weaken the immune system and cause a number of health problems. Natural food sources of magnesium are salmon, mackerel, halibut, tuna, dark chocolate, dark leafy greens, nuts, seeds, brown rice, lentils, soybeans, black beans, chickpeas, avocado, and bananas. Calcium can inhibit the absorption of magnesium supplements, so it is better to use more readily absorbed forms such as magnesium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide. 100 mg of magnesium supplements is recommended to be taken two to three times daily. Adults should get at least 280–350 mg of magnesium daily. Symptoms of magnesium deficiency may include agitation and anxiety, restless leg syndrome (RLS), sleep disorders, irritability, nausea and vomiting, abnormal heart rhythms, low blood pressure, confusion, muscle spasm and weakness, hyperventilation, insomnia, and even seizures. Excessive intake of magnesium can have adverse effects and reduce calcium absorption, so it is important not to overdose. Ask your doctor what dosage will be right for your individual needs. Take resveratrol. Resveratrol is an active compound found in grapes, grape seed and berries. It is shown to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health by reducing high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes and plaque formation in arteries, thereby managing and preventing angina pain. Resveratrol is available as a liquid extract, capsules or tablets at most pharmacies and nutrition stores. The recommended dosage for resveratrol is 30 to 45 mg after meals, up to three times per day. Drink lemon water. Some studies show that lemon juice contains antioxidants that can help with weight loss, manage high cholesterol levels and flush out excess sodium in the bloodstream. This will help reduce plaque build-up in the arteries and avert angina pain. Squeeze half a lemon into a cup of warm water and drink this mixture on an empty stomach in the morning. You may also add lemon juice as flavoring to your regular foods. Increase your intake of garlic. Garlic is used for many conditions related to the heart and circulatory system, such as hypertension, irregular heartbeat, high cholesterol, coronary heart disease, heart attack, and to reduce plaque build-up in the arteries, thereby managing angina. This is because garlic contains a component called allicin, which aids in relaxing hard blood vessels. Garlic can also help reduce headaches, stress and promote healthy liver function. Eat one clove of raw garlic in the morning. If you do not like eating raw garlic, you can add minced or chopped garlic as a flavoring to your meals. Garlic supplements are also available at most pharmacies and nutrition stores. The recommended dosage for aged garlic extract is 600 to 1200 mg daily, divided into two to three doses. Garlic capsules or tablets should contain 0.5–1.5% of alliin or allicin to be beneficial, at a dosage of two 200 mg tablets, three times a day. People using prescription or blood-thinning medications, or those with ulcers and thyroid problems, should ask their doctor before using garlic or garlic supplements. Eat ginger. Gingerol, a natural compound in ginger root, may help to lower blood cholesterol levels thereby potentially helping to prevent angina pain from occurring. It is also an antioxidant that protects the blood vessels from damage by cholesterol, helps manage stress and lower blood pressure. , Do not take more than 4 gram of ginger per day without asking your doctor. Ginger should not be used with blood-thinning, hypertension or diabetic medications. Ginger can be added to your diet in many ways. You can boil 2–4 grams of ginger in a 1 cup of water to make unsweetened ginger tea. You can also take a ginger supplement, which are available at most pharmacies or add chopped ginger to your food. Take ginseng supplements. Studies show that ginseng contains antioxidants that can help fight off free radicals, and improve heart health by regulating blood pressure, high cholesterol, blood sugar levels, reduce stress and improve physical strength and endurance, thus reducing the risk for angina and heart disease. Ginseng comes in different forms, such as liquid extracts, powders and capsules, and is often used in combination with other herbs or nutrients. Ask your doctor before using ginseng, especially if you are using prescription medications to manage angina. Your doctor will help determine the right dosage for you. Try turmeric powder. Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, inhibits plaque formation in your arteries and reduces bad cholesterol levels, both of which can lead to angina pain. Turmeric may also aid in managing obesity that can lead to other heart conditions, as well as reducing arthritis pain. Turmeric and curcumin supplements are considered safe when taken at the recommended doses. The recommended dosage for adults is 400–600 mg, up to three times per day. Taking large amounts of turmeric for long periods of time may cause stomach upset and, in extreme cases, ulcers. People who have gallstones or obstruction of the bile passages should talk to their doctor before taking turmeric. Add 1 teaspoon of turmeric powder to a cup of warm milk to create a heart-healthy drink that can be taken one to three times per day. You can also add a pinch of turmeric powder to your cooking for flavor. Ask your doctor before using turmeric if you are taking blood-thinning or diabetes medications. Watch for severe symptoms. See your doctor right away if you have new, unexplained chest pain or pressure. You should call 911 if your chest pain does not go away five minutes after taking medication, increases in severity or if a person with angina loses consciousness. , Other situations in which you should call your doctor are: You experience new or recurrent angina symptoms more often. You experience angina pain while sitting or resting. You have trouble taking your heart medication You feel tired, faint or lightheaded more often. You experience an irregular heartbeat, low (below 60 beats per minute) or high (above 120 beats per minute) blood pressure. You experience any other unusual symptoms that may be related to angina. Ask your doctor about angioplasty. Angioplasty is a non-surgical, minimally invasive procedure used to open blocked or narrowed arteries, improving blood flow to the heart. Angioplasty can be performed by a licensed cardiologist to help treat moderate to severe angina pain caused by plaque build-up in the arteries. , During an angioplasty, a small balloon is expanded inside the coronary artery to help compress the blockage and expand the artery wall. A wire mesh tube called a stent is sometimes implanted to keep the artery wall expanded. The procedure can last for two to three hours. Ask your doctor if an angioplasty may help your condition. Consider EECP therapy. Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) therapy is a non-invasive procedure helpful for some people who have persistent angina. Large cuffs, similar to blood pressure cuffs, are put on your legs. The cuffs are inflated and deflated in sync with your heartbeat. EECP therapy improves the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle and helps relieve angina. You typically receive 35 one-hour treatments over a period of seven weeks. EECP therapy can be performed by a licensed therapist or physician. Ask your doctor about medication. Talk with your doctor if you have any questions or concerns about taking your angina medicines. You should know what medicines you're taking, the purpose of each, how and when to take them, possible side effects and if they are safe to take with other medicines, herbs or foods. If you have side effects from your medication, let your doctor know. You should never stop taking your medication without your doctor's approval. Your doctor may prescribe medicine to treat CHD, high blood pressure, diabetes, or high cholesterol levels. These may include: Anti-platelet drugs, also called blood-thinners, such as aspirin. Take the baby strength (81 mg) aspirin or cut the regular strength (325mg) aspirin in half. Take one pill once a day with food. Studies have shown that taking aspirin decreases your risk of a cardiovascular disease. ACE inhibitors to treat hypertension and high blood pressure Beta-blockers to treat hypertension, irregular heartbeat, angina pain and to prevent a heart attack. Calcium channel blockers for angina pain and hypertension Diuretics (water pills) to flush out excess sodium Statins to lower cholesterol Nitroglycerin pills or nitrates to stop an angina attack Make an emergency action plan. Angina increases your risk for a heart attack. It's important that you and your family know how and when to seek medical attention. Talk with your doctor about making an emergency action plan. Discuss your emergency plan with your family members. Take action quickly if your chest pain becomes severe, lasts longer than a few minutes, or isn't relieved by rest or medicine. The plan should include making sure you and your family members know: The signs and symptoms of a heart attack How to use medications when needed, such as nitroglycerin How to access emergency medical services in your community The location of the nearest hospital that offers 24-hour emergency heart care. Call 911 if you experience unstable angina, a heart attack, or loss of consciousness. You should also call 911 if the pain lasts longer than usual or if the pain returns a few minutes after taking medication. Take nitroglycerin for immediate relief. Nitroglycerin is used to prevent chronic or stable angina. This medicine works by relaxing the blood vessels and increasing the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. This medicine is also used to relieve an angina attack that is already occurring. When used regularly on a long-term basis, or just before exercise or a stressful event, this helps prevent angina attacks from occurring. Your doctor may prescribe nitroglycerin as a tablet, capsule or spray to help relieve angina pain. This medicine should be used exactly as directed by your doctor. Do not take more than the prescribed dose, do not take it more frequently, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take double doses. When you begin to feel an attack of angina starting such as chest pains, tightness or squeezing in the chest, sit down. Use a nitroglycerin tablet or spray as directed by your doctor. You may become dizzy, lightheaded, or faint soon after using a tablet or spray, so it is safer to sit rather than stand while the medicine is working. If you become dizzy or faint while sitting, take several deep breaths and bend forward with your head between your knees. Remain calm and you should feel better in a few minutes. Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets usually give relief in one to five minutes. Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets should not be chewed, crushed, or swallowed. They work much faster when absorbed through the lining of the mouth. Place the tablet under the tongue or between the cheek and gum, and let it dissolve. Do not eat, drink, smoke, or use chewing tobacco while a tablet is dissolving. If the pain is not relieved, you may use a second tablet five minutes after you take the first tablet. If the pain continues for another five minutes, a third tablet may be used. Ask your doctor or nurse how to properly use a nitroglycerin oral spray if prescribed. You may administer one or two sprays of nitroglycerin oral spray at the onset of chest pain. If the pain continues after five minutes, a third spray may be used. You must wait five minutes after the first one or two sprays before using a third spray. If you still have chest pain after a total of three tablets or three sprays, contact your doctor or go to a hospital emergency room right away. Do not drive yourself and call 911 if necessary. Tell your doctor if you have any other respiratory or heart conditions. Also alert your doctor if you are using any other medications, supplements, herbal or home remedies, or if you experience an allergic reaction to nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin should not be used for severe or unstable angina, during a heart attack, to treat low blood pressure or for people with anemia. Call 911 if you or someone with angina experiences a heart attack. Consult your doctor and see if nitroglycerin interacts with any of you current medication.	Keep a journal. Visit your doctor for diagnosis. Consider an electrocardiogram. Get a blood test. Drink lots of water. Get enough sleep. Avoid sitting for long periods. Avoid stress. Get moderate exercise. Monitor your blood pressure. Apply a warm towel compress. Take warm showers. Quit smoking. Limit alcohol intake. Avoid inflammatory foods. Eat certain fruits to improve heart health. Eat vegetables that may help to reduce angina pain. Increase your intake of foods with essential fatty acids. Use heart-healthy cooking oil. Add honey to your diet. Get more Vitamin C. Increase your intake of niacin. Get enough magnesium. Take resveratrol. Drink lemon water. Increase your intake of garlic. Eat ginger. Take ginseng supplements. Try turmeric powder. Watch for severe symptoms. Ask your doctor about angioplasty. Consider EECP therapy. Ask your doctor about medication. Make an emergency action plan. Take nitroglycerin for immediate relief.
https://www.wikihow.com/Paint-a-T-Shirt	How to Paint a T Shirt	To paint a t-shirt, start by placing a piece of cardboard inside of the shirt so the paint doesn't bleed onto the back. Then, using fabric paint and paint brushes, paint your design onto the shirt. If you're worried about free-handing your design, trace it onto the shirt first with a stencil and permanent marker. When you're finished painting, let the paint dry completely before removing the cardboard.	Get a plain t-shirt and wash to remove any shrinking. Even if the label on your shirt says "pre-shrunk," it would still be a good idea to wash it. This will remove any potential starch or stiffener that might prevent the paint from sticking properly. Set up your work area. Spread some newspaper on a table, and get anything that might get ruined out of the way. It might also be a good idea to have some paper towels (for blotting) and a cup of water (for rinsing the paintbrush) handy as well. Place a piece of cardboard inside the T-shirt. The cardboard should be about the same size as the shirt. You want it to slip inside the shirt easily without stretching it. This will prevent the paint from bleeding onto the back of the shirt. You can also use a folded up newspaper for this. Even an old magazine or catalogue will do in a pinch. Paint your design using fabric paint. If you are nervous about free-handing the design, you can always trace your design first using a stencil and a permanent marker, and then fill it in. Consider using a few paintbrushes in different shapes and sizes; a flat brush will give you some nice, crisp edges while a pointy brush is great for detail. If you want your design to have multiple colors, such as a smiles face, do the background color first. Let the paint dry, then do the details. Try to get paint brushes meant for painting fabric. They usually have stiffer bristles made from taklon. Avoid natural brushes, such as camel hair, as they will be too soft to hold the thick paint and create nice designs. Let the paint dry. If you'd like, you can speed up the drying process by blowing the paint with a hair dryer. Do not remove the cardboard inside the shirt until the paint is completely dry. Once the paint dries, you can flip it around and paint the back as well. Keep the cardboard inside the shirt and let the paint dry. Remove the cardboard. If the paint is sticking to the cardboard, don't panic. Simply wiggle your finger between the shirt and the cardboard to pry it apart. Discard the cardboard when you are done, or save it for another project. Finished. Wash your shirt. This will remove any potential shrinking and starch. It will make the paint stick to the shirt better. Set up your work area. Cover up your table with lots of newspaper. You might also want to have some paper towels, cups filled with water, and paper plates (or palettes) handy. Place a sheet of cardboard inside your t-shirt. This will keep the paint front transferring to the back of the shirt. If you don't have any cardboard, you can also use a folded up newspaper or an old magazine. Be sure to smooth out any wrinkles. Position your stencil, and make sure that it is secure. You can use a fabric painting stencil, a regular stencil, or you can make your own out of thin plastic, freezer paper, or cardstock. You can even use painter's tape to create geometric designs! Make sure that the stencil is laying flat against the shirt, or the paint will bleed under the edges. If you are using a stencil meant for painting fabric, it will likely have a sticky back. All you have to do is smooth it down. If you are using a regular stencil, or if you made your own, coat the back of the stencil with repositionable adhesive spray, then press the stencil down. If you are using freezer paper, iron the paper shiny-side-down onto the t-shirt. Peel it away after you paint the shirt. Squirt the paint out onto a paper plate. If you'd like to work with multiple colors, it might be a good idea to use a larger plate, or a several smaller plates—one for each color. Dab your foam brush into the paint. You can also apply the paint using a mini paint roller (preferably rubber). Lastly, you can also use a paintbrush. This will be great for delicate stencils. Tap the paint onto the stencil. Keep dabbing and tapping until you get the coverage you want. If you are using a paint roller, simply roll it on. Try to work inwards, going from the stencil's edges towards the middle. This will prevent the paint from accidentally leaking under the stencil. Remove the stencil before the paint dries. Fabric paint will form a thick layer as it dries, and if you remove it too late, you will run the risk of the paint tearing. Let the paint dry completely, then set the paint using a clothing iron, if desired. This will give you a longer lasting design. Place a piece of cotton fabric over the design, then press an iron over it. Remove the cardboard from inside the shirt. Now your shirt is ready to wear and show off! Wash your t-shirt to remove any shrinking. Even if your shirt says "pre-shrunk" on it, it would still be a good idea to wash it. T-shirts are also coated with a starchy material to help them lay more smoothly in the store. This starchy material can prevent paint from sticking. Tuck a folded up newspaper or cardboard inside the shirt. This will keep the spray paint from bleeding onto the back of the shirt. The newspaper or cardboard should be big enough to fit inside the shirt without stretching it. Be sure to smooth out any wrinkles of ripples. Position your stencil, and secure, if necessary. You can use a stencil meant for fabric painting, or a regular stencil. You can also make your own out of thin plastic, freezer paper, or cardstock. You can even use painter's tape to create chevron stripes! Make sure that the stencil is laying flat against the fabric. If it isn't, the paint will seep under the edges and create a blurred design. If you are using a fabric painting stencil, it will probably have a sticky back. Simply press it onto the shirt and smooth it down. If you are using a regular stencil, or if you made your own, spray the back of the stencil with repositionable adhesive spray, then press it down onto the shirt. If you are using freezer paper, simply place the stencil shiny-side-down onto the shirt, then run a clothing iron over it. Move to a well-ventilated area and get set up. Ideally, you should work outside, but if you can't, a large room with lots of open windows might do. Cover your work area with lots of newspaper, and put on some old clothes or an apron. Lastly, consider putting on a pair of plastic gloves; spray painting can get messy. If you are working indoors and start to feel lightheaded, take a break and go outside for some fresh air. Spray the shirt. Shake the can for 30 to 60 seconds first, then hold it 6 to 8 inches (15.24 to 20.32 centimeters) away from the stencil. Spray the paint on using a long, sweeping motion. Don't worry if the paint is not thick enough. You can always do another layer or two. Consider spraying the design using clear sealer first. This will give you better control over the paint and prevent it from soaking into the fabric. Be sure to let the sealer dry before applying the paint. Let the paint dry for 15 minutes before doing a second coat. You can speed up the drying process with a hairdryer. Once the paint is dry, spray on a second coat; you should see the paint going on thicker now. If you'd like, you can do a partial layer instead using a different color for a tie-dye effect. Let the paint dry for another 10 to 15 minutes before removing the stencil and newspaper/cardboard. Be very careful when removing the stencil, as some of the paint might still be wet, especially towards the edges. Unlike with fabric paint, you can let spray paint dry before removing the stencil. This is because spray paint doesn't form a thick layer that might tear—like fabric paint does. Let the shirt finish drying for a few more minutes. Once the shirt is dry, you can pull the cardboard out and wear your shirt.	Get a plain t-shirt and wash to remove any shrinking. Set up your work area. Place a piece of cardboard inside the T-shirt. Paint your design using fabric paint. Let the paint dry. Remove the cardboard. Finished. Wash your shirt. Set up your work area. Place a sheet of cardboard inside your t-shirt. Position your stencil, and make sure that it is secure. Squirt the paint out onto a paper plate. Dab your foam brush into the paint. Tap the paint onto the stencil. Remove the stencil before the paint dries. Let the paint dry completely, then set the paint using a clothing iron, if desired. Remove the cardboard from inside the shirt. Wash your t-shirt to remove any shrinking. Tuck a folded up newspaper or cardboard inside the shirt. Position your stencil, and secure, if necessary. Move to a well-ventilated area and get set up. Spray the shirt. Let the paint dry for 15 minutes before doing a second coat. Let the paint dry for another 10 to 15 minutes before removing the stencil and newspaper/cardboard. Let the shirt finish drying for a few more minutes.
https://www.wikihow.com/Build-a-Still	How to Build a Still	To build a small solar still, place a large bowl in a sunny spot outside. Next put a small bowl inside the larger bowl. Fill the large bowl with water, but do not completely submerge the small bowl. Use plastic wrap to tightly cover the bowls, and place a weight at the center of the covering to angle the plastic down. The sun will evaporate the water in the large bowl, causing water vapor to rise and condense on the plastic. Since the plastic is angled down, the condensation will roll into your cup and make clean water.	Get your materials. You will need a variety of materials, most of which you can get at your local hardware store. Bending copper tubing is involved, so if you really want to make your life easier, you can get a tool which helps you bend tubes (found in the plumbing department of your local hardware store). The materials you'll really need are: You'll need a kettle or a pressure cooker (preferably copper, or stainless steel, absolutely never aluminum or lead) A cork or rubber stopper which will fit the opening of your kettle or pressure cooker ~8mm copper tubing (amount will depend on set up, 10-20 ft is a good amount) A very large thermos/small watercooler or a plastic bucket (if you're cheap) Tube couplings (maybe) A thermometer A good drill Some silicon or Sugru Make the stopper. Drill two holes in your rubber or cork, one for the copper tube and one for the thermometer. These holes should be very slightly smaller than the tube and thermometer, to create a tight fit. Make sure the stopper you use is generally cut to tightly fit the opening of your kettle or pressure cooker. Prepare the copper coil. You will need a copper coil to condense the vapor coming from the pot. Take your 8mm copper tubing and shape it into a coil towards one end. You will need a long straight section and a short (at least 6") straight section on each side of the coil. To bend the coil, you can simply bend it around an object or you can use tools designed for bending tube. The coil should be small enough to fit in the thermos or watercooler, with about 1" of space on either side. These copper coils tend to kink very easily. To avoid this, you can block the tube at one end and fill the tube with salt or sugar (never use sand). Use a funnel and make sure to shake the tube as you fill it to make sure that it fills evenly. Make your condenser. The watercooler will be your condenser. Drill a hole on the side at the bottom, where the short section of copper tube will come out and deposit your distilled product. Then, drill a hole at the top on the lid. This is where the long section of tube will come out. Place the coil in the condenser. Put the copper tubing in the condenser, threading the short end through the hole at the bottom. Once enough of the short end is coming out of the condenser, seal the edges of the hole with silicon or other material, like Sugru or caulk. Then, thread the long straight section of the tube through the hole at the top. If you want it to be easier to get the lid on and off, cut the tube a few inches after it comes out the hole on the top. Have a separate section which spans the distance and goes into the kettle. Connect the two with couplings, which can be undone as necessary. Make sure you unplug the tube if you did so to fill it with salt. You will also want to empty the tube and rinse out the salt before doing this step, although, it can also be done afterwards, with a greater amount of difficulty. Connect the tube to the pot. Connect the long portion of the tube to the kettle or pressure cooker, by inserting the other end of the tube into the kettle. It should be inserted only enough to reach inside the kettle, not be submerged in the liquid. Insert the thermometer. Insert the thermometer into the appropriate hole. Make sure it is place deep enough that the end will be submerged but that it will not touch the bottom or the sides of the pot. Use the still correctly. Fill the condenser with ice, water, and rock salt. Make sure you use this still on an electric stove, as open flames can cause problems. Do not heat the pot once everything has boiled away, and generally be careful as pressure can build up if you have done something incorrectly. If distilling alcohol, don't drink anything which comes out when the temperature reads below 173 F or you will be treated to the best in beverages that make you blind. Gather your materials. You will need a container for the distilled water, a plastic sheet and a shovel. You may also want some plastic tubing. Dig a hole. Dig a hole about as large as the plastic sheet and deep enough so that when you weigh the center of the sheet down, there will be several inches between the bottom of the sheet and the bottom of the hole. This is the sort of still that would be good if you actually have to distill your drinking water. If you get stranded on a desert island, this is your best option. Insert your container. Set your drinking container in the center of the hole and partially bury it to keep it from falling over. Insert one end of the plastic tubing into the container and lay the other end well outside the hole. The goal is to keep the tubing clean and secure so it doesn't fall back into the hole. Add plant material. Line the hole with cactus, leaves or other living plant parts if they are available. Placing plants in the hole isn't necessary, but will help your still produce more water. Cover your hole. Cover the hole with a plastic sheet use rocks to weigh down the corners. Add a weight. Carefully place a rock in the center of the plastic sheet so it slopes downward at an angle of about 45 degrees; the lowest point should be directly over the container in the hole, but not touching it. Seal the edges. Cover all edges of the plastic sheet with dirt or sand to keep water vapor from escaping. Take care not to cover the plastic tubing. Wait for moisture to collect. Wait two or three hours for moisture to collect on the plastic sheet and run down the sides into the container. Drink! Drink the water through the plastic tubing. You can disassemble the still and drink directly from the container, but you will have to build the still again when you're through; in the meantime, any water vapor on the sheet will evaporate. Get a fairly deep, large bowl. This bowl can be plastic, aluminum, or steel, but it should not be made of lead. Put this bowl on a sunny surface outside. Put a cup or small bowel in the larger bowl. The cup or bowl should be shorter than the edges of the large bowl. Fill the large bowl with water. Fill the large bowl with water but do not go over the edge of the small bowel or cup. Cover the bowl with plastic wrap. Cover the bowl very tightly with plastic wrap. Use tape or rubber bands to ensure a tight seal. Place a weight at the center of the plastic. This should be right over your cup or bowl and should angle the plastic down. Make sure the plastic does not touch the cup, though. A good weight to use would be a rock. Wait for your water. The sun will evaporate the water in the large bowl, causing the water vapor to rise and condense on the plastic. Since the plastic is weighted and angled, the condensation will roll down into your cup. Mmmm! Clean water!	Get your materials. Make the stopper. Prepare the copper coil. Make your condenser. Place the coil in the condenser. Connect the tube to the pot. Insert the thermometer. Use the still correctly. Gather your materials. Dig a hole. Insert your container. Add plant material. Cover your hole. Add a weight. Seal the edges. Wait for moisture to collect. Drink! Get a fairly deep, large bowl. Put a cup or small bowel in the larger bowl. Fill the large bowl with water. Cover the bowl with plastic wrap. Place a weight at the center of the plastic. Wait for your water.
https://www.wikihow.com/Grow-Flowers-from-Seed	How to Grow Flowers from Seed	To grow flowers from seed, fill a planter with a mixture of peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite and sprinkle the seeds on top. Water the seeds, cover the planter in plastic, and put it in a warm location indoors. Once the seeds sprout, thin out the seedlings and plant them outdoors after all danger of frost has passed. You can also sow your seeds directly into the soil outdoors, but germinating them inside gives your flowers a stronger start!	Get a container that has drainage holes in it. If you want to grow multiple flowers, you can purchase an indoor planter that has spaces for more than one flower. It's important that the container has drainage holes because overly saturated soil will inhibit the seed's growth. If you don't want to buy a planter, you can punch holes in the bottom of an egg carton and use that instead. Put a rag or cloth under the container to prevent leaks. Fill each section with a mixture of peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite. Combine the three different types of soils together in equal parts to create a well-drained soil high in organic material. Pour your flower container ¾ of the way up with this mixture. Bury or sprinkle the seeds on top of the soil, depending on their species. Harder seeds should be covered with an organic material like vermiculite or sphagnum moss, while softer seeds should lay on the top of the soil. Read the seed packet that came with your seeds to determine if you should bury them under the soil or leave them on top of it. Water the seeds. Lightly sprinkle water on top of the soil, but don't add too much or you could wash away smaller seeds. You can do this by sprinkling the water with your hand, or slowly pouring the water into the container from a small saucer. Either way, the soil should be moist but the seeds should still be intact. Cover the container with plastic wrap. Plastic wrap or a sealed lid will trap moisture and help the seeds germinate. Poke a couple of holes in the top of the plastic wrap so that the plant can breathe. You can also wrap the planter in a plastic bag for a similar effect. Move the planters to a warm area of the house. Germinating seeds do best in temperatures of 65–75 °F (18–24 °C). Move the planter to a warm area that gets plenty of sunlight. Alternatively, you can place the planter on an artificial heat source, like the top of a refrigerator or near the oven. Move the planter before you use the oven or heat could damage the seeds. Harden off the seedlings if transplanting them outside. If you plan on transplanting your seedlings outdoors, harden them off by leaving them outside under a shaded area for 7-10 days. This will acclimate them to the change in temperature. Some flowers have an intolerance for the cold and should be kept indoors. The seed package should give you a range of temperatures that the flower will thrive in. If a flower is cold-resistant, it should be labeled as hardy. Tender flowers are less resistant to cold and should always be in an area that's over 40 °F (4 °C). Transplant the seedlings outside, if desired. Position a small spade 2–3 inches (5.1–7.6 cm) away from the seedling. Gently dig around the seedling, making sure not to sever any of its roots. Then, pull the seedling out of the planter, with the soil around its roots, and place it in a well-drained soil in your garden. Monitor the seedlings to make sure that they don't die after the transplant. Till the soil before planting the seeds. Use a rake, tiller, or pitchfork to dig 6–8 inches (15–20 cm) under the soil. Turn the soil over until you've loosened all the soil in your flower bed. You may also want to incorporate compost in the soil to promote flower growth. Sprinkle or bury the seeds, per the instructions. The information on the seed packet will explain if the seeds have any special germination needs. Soft-shelled seeds should be pressed lightly into the soil, while hard-shelled seeds should be completely covered with soil. Read the instructions to see which method you should use. Mark the planting area so you know where you planted the seeds. This is useful when planting a wide variety of seeds or plants. The visual reminder will also let you know whether the flowers are growing or if your seeds failed to germinate. Not all seeds will become flowers. Labeling will also prevent you from mistaking your seedlings for weeds. Mist the seedbed to keep the soil moist. Lightly mist your flowerbed with water so that the soil is moist. The soil should always be moist while the seeds are germinating. To see whether the soil is actually moist, press your finger down into your flowerbed. If the soil feels dry under the surface, you know you need to water your seeds. Wait for your flower(s) to germinate. The flowers should germinate within 3 weeks to a month. If you don't notice that they are starting to grow, you may have to lay down more seeds. Water your flowers. If it rains, you shouldn't have to water your flowers. However, it's important the soil under the flowers stays moist. If you have a period of time with no rain, water them so that the top 6–8 inches (15–20 cm) remains moist. Prune dying flowers and leaves. Pruning the flowers after they have bloomed will encourage new growth. Use a set of hand pruners and clip away old or damaged flower petals or leaves. Use fertilizer if desired. An organic fertilizer and promote the health of your flowers and will brighten their color. Look for a fertilizer designed for your specific type of flower, and sprinkle it on the surrounding soil. Read the instructions before you use the fertilizer so that you don't over fertilize them, which could kill them. A balanced 5-10-10 fertilizer can be used on the widest variety of flowers.	Get a container that has drainage holes in it. Fill each section with a mixture of peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite. Bury or sprinkle the seeds on top of the soil, depending on their species. Water the seeds. Cover the container with plastic wrap. Move the planters to a warm area of the house. Harden off the seedlings if transplanting them outside. Transplant the seedlings outside, if desired. Till the soil before planting the seeds. Sprinkle or bury the seeds, per the instructions. Mark the planting area so you know where you planted the seeds. Mist the seedbed to keep the soil moist. Wait for your flower(s) to germinate. Water your flowers. Prune dying flowers and leaves. Use fertilizer if desired.
https://www.wikihow.com/Be-Patient-with-Your-Puppy	How to Be Patient with Your Puppy	To be patient with your puppy, try to remember that it will take daily dedication over an extended period of time to train it. That way, you can manage your expectations better and show patience when your dog misbehaves. When you start training your dog, aim to be consistent, such as always having it sleep in the crate if you're crate training it, since consistency helps your dog learn. During training sessions, speak to your puppy in a calm voice, since dogs are sensitive to tone and can be intimidated by aggression, which may cause them not to respond to your commands. If you feel yourself getting angry during a training session, take a few deep breaths and count to 10, or put your puppy in its crate and go for a walk to calm down.	Take a break. If you feel yourself getting upset, put your puppy in its crate or a basket and take some time for yourself. The energy of a young puppy can be overwhelming, as can the messes that it makes. If you feel overwhelmed and that you are going to lose your temper, remove yourself from the situation and chill out. Go for a walk outside or practice some meditation. Find an activity to help you calm down. Do some deep breathing. If you need to take a break from your puppy, take a few deep breaths to help you calm down. Breathe in and fill your lungs with air, and then slowly release it. Do this a few more times, focusing on each breath, and try not to think about your puppy. After a few moments of deep breathing, you should feel calmer. You can also do this in the moment to help you from immediately blowing up on your dog. If you feel the tension rising, take some deep breaths. Count to ten. As you are practicing your deep breathing, you might also consider counting to ten. This will help distract your mind from being irritated with your puppy. Focus on the each number and breath deeply. This will help keep you from yelling at your young dog. If you practice meditation, you might also consider repeating a mantra. Your mantra can be a special word like “peace” or “calm.” It can also be a sound like “ohm” or “hmm.” Have clear and realistic expectations. When you bring your new puppy home, it is important to have accurate expectations about what it will be like to have a dog. At first, your puppy will make messes, break things and go where it should not. It will not immediately become a well-behaved and trained dog. You have to accept that your puppy will misbehave until you train it. If you understand this from the outset, you will be better able to take your puppy's accidents in stride and keep from getting irritated. Think of your puppy like a baby that is growing and learning. It may not be there now but, if you train it properly, your puppy will become better behaved and make fewer messes over time. Purchase everything you need ahead of time. One simple step to keep from getting frustrated during your puppy's first few months is to make sure you have everything you need ahead of time. Have your dog's food, bedding, toys, leash, and all training materials available. This will make things less of a headache while you are training your puppy. Your frustration is going to increase if you need something and it is not around. Consult with your veterinarian about what you are going to need. They should be able to give you a list of the essentials. Puppy-proof your home. People tend to get the most frustrated with a puppy when they chew on things, have accidents and get into things that they should not. However, this is normal puppy behavior. You need to make sure that your home is puppy-proof before it comes home. Put up gates to areas your puppy should not go, pick up any chewable things that you do not want to be destroyed, and put away any delicate or fragile things that can be knocked over or stained. While you house train your puppy, consider keeping them in a room where it will be easy to clean up their messes. A room with tile, like a kitchen or bathroom, would be ideal. Gather a tile or carpet cleaning solution and a few old towels, as well as any other cleaning items you think you'll need. Have them collected together in one place for a quick clean-up when necessary. Plan ways to play with and entertain your energetic puppy. Your new puppy will have lots of energy, but might be too young to go on walks. Instead, buy a couple soft toys and play chase or fetch indoors. Put the puppy in a sturdy cardboard box with a chew toy for it to gnaw on. You can also buy a puzzle feeder to slow down the puppy's eating and keep it mentally stimulated during meals, too. Keeping the puppy engaged in these ways often leads to less destructive behavior. Learn about your puppy’s breed. Different breeds of dogs have different behavioral traits and temperaments. Be sure to understand what kind of tendencies your puppy will exhibit. That way you know what to expect and can prepare accordingly. Frustrations will arise when your puppy's bad behavior surprises you. Working with your dog's natural tendencies, instead of against them, will make your life much easier. If your puppy is a more high-energy breed, expect it to be more rambunctious and destructive. You will likely want to exercise it frequently to help curb its energetic nature. If you are unsure about your dog's temperament, consult your veterinarian. Remember that it takes time. Once you begin training your puppy, you need to understand that you are not going to train the dog overnight. It will take a lot of time and effort to get your puppy to where you want it to be. Caring for and training your puppy will take daily dedication. This is an important lesson to remember when you are house training your dog. Be consistent. While you are training your dog, you need to be consistent. For example, if you are trying to crate train your dog, they should only sleep in the crate. Do not allow them to sleep in your bed or anywhere else. The only way your dog will learn the correct behavior is through repetition and consistency. Being consistent will make training much easier and less stressful for you and the puppy. Use the correct tone. Because dogs are so sensitive to our tones, it is important that you try to stay upbeat and not get frustrated. An angry tone can erode your puppy's confidence and make it timid and scared, which can cause training to be a chore. Although it can be difficult at times, practice mindfulness and try to keep an even tone with your puppy. This step is important to remember when you are disciplining your puppy. Reward good behavior. Whenever your dog does something good, be sure to recognize it. You should congratulate them in a positive tone or give them a treat. This will help reinforce good behaviors over the bad ones. This will make the training experience much easier and less frustrating for your and the puppy. Be sure to give positive reinforcement after any training sessions with your dog. Even if a session does not go as planned, always end it with a treat and some positive words. Don't forget to reward more subtle forms of good behavior, like when the puppy is sitting quietly while it's awake. Praising your puppy while it's calm will help it understand what good behavior is. Seek outside help. If you find that training your puppy is too difficult or time consuming, you may want to consider taking your dog to a trainer or obedience classes. A trainer or other dog obedience specialist will be able to help you rein in your dog's bad behavior. They will also give you tips on how to manage your dog at home. You can find local dog trainers through the Certified Council for Professional Dog Trainers.	Take a break. Do some deep breathing. Count to ten. Have clear and realistic expectations. Purchase everything you need ahead of time. Puppy-proof your home. Plan ways to play with and entertain your energetic puppy. Learn about your puppy’s breed. Remember that it takes time. Be consistent. Use the correct tone. Reward good behavior. Seek outside help.
https://www.wikihow.com/Take-Care-of-Your-Pet	How to Take Care of Your Pet	After making sure your pet has access to water and nutritious food, the next best way to care for it is to give it daily attention. Give your pet occasional treats after it's displayed good behavior. Take your pet for a walk or let it out of its cage at least once a day. Buy toys and play with your pet so it gets enough exercise.	Determine if you can adequately care for a pet. While pets are loving additions to your home, they are not always easy to manage. All pets require time, money, and love in addition to the specific needs of each animal and breed. You need to be sure you want a pet not just that day but in the long-term. Most pets require attention and maintenance during the day, so make sure you'll be home enough to take care of your pet. If you have kids, consider what pets will be kid-friendly. Hamsters and fish, for example, make great early pets. If you plan on moving or making large lifestyle changes you shouldn't consider a pet until you are more stable. Choose a pet that fits your lifestyle. Even different types of dogs have different needs, so make sure you pick a pet that suits your means. Before buying a pet do thorough research on the behaviors and needs of various pets you like. Don't go into this decision dead-set on one species or breed -- being open-minded can lead to happy surprises and the right pet for your family. Keep in mind some general concerns with different pets: Dogs - though dogs vary widely by breed, all dogs need lots of attention, time to exercise, and plenty of room to roam. Cats - Intelligent and individual, cats will be fine with less supervision, though they still need your love and time to keep from acting out. Hamsters, Gerbils, Ferrets, and Rodents - Economical and short-living, rodents make good first pets. They often, however, have strong odors. Fish - Fish need careful monitoring and care to thrive, and won't cuddle anytime soon. Think of having a fish like having a garden. Lizards - Happy on their own and generally easy to care for, lizards do not offer much affection and can be difficult to diagnose when sick. Birds - Birds can be incredibly messy and are often loud. They are also expensive and occasionally temperamental, especially bigger birds like parrots. Rabbits - Rabbits are friendly first-time pets that make a great contribution to the household. However, they can easily make a lot of noise and mess. Choose your breed carefully, especially if you have children. It's a mistake to just decide “I want a dog” (or any other animal) and to buy the animal without considering the needs and requirements of the breed. Some breeds are natural shepherds, which makes them great for 1 person, but some breeds (Border Collie, for example) have the sheep-herding instinct in their blood. This means that when a child roams too far from the rest of the "herd," the collie will try to get it back. How does it do it with the sheep? It bites them. This may result in grave injuries to children. Please do your research on how breeds behave. It is important that a pet lives in an environment where it will be comfortable, safe and provided with what it needs. Some animals are very adaptable, such as cats, which can live happily in environments ranging from farm land to city centers, while others have more specific needs. For example, horses must have a lot of pastureland and somewhere safe to shelter. For animals that will roam the house, not being confined to tanks or cages, they will need places to sleep that are out of the way of general household traffic, where they can lie without being disturbed, such as the corner of a room. If they are a cat that will often be shut indoors, then it is also important that they have a litter tray that is regularly cleaned out. Be realistic about your budget, and your ability to shoulder responsibilities. Some pets are more expensive than other pets, and you need to be honest with yourself about whether you can afford the pet - and whether you have the time and maturity to handle it. Costs associated with pets include set-up supplies. Depending on the kind of pet, you might need a crate, an aquarium , and leashes. Don't forget the ongoing costs of caring for a pet. You need to factor in the cost of regular food purchases, but also whether you can afford to take your pet to the veterinarian for preventative care (like shots), not just emergency care. That's essential to keep the pet healthy, and it can be quite costly. Prepare your house for your incoming pet. Curious, food-driven, and unable to listen to your warnings, pets can get into trouble if you don't create boundaries or safe spaces. Birds may dart out of open windows, lizards can scamper around the house, and dogs or cats may run into the street. Take note of openings your pet could accidentally escape through and make sure you can keep food out of their reach. Remove any harmful objects like knives or poisonous food. If you want your animal to have outside time, consider putting in a fence. Put aside one room that you can designate as the pet's "bedroom." Aim to adopt your pet during a relatively quiet time in your life so that everyone can avoid undue stress while getting used to each other. Buy necessary pet supplies in advance. Talk to the pet store attendants or adoption agencies about things you'll need -- housing, toys, grooming supplies, etc. -- and shop before you bring your new pet home. Teach your family members how to use everything so that everyone is on the same page. If you have young children you can help them prepare for pet care by "feeding" a doll or regularly watering plants. Budget enough money for adequate care. Pets are not ultra expensive, but that doesn't mean you won't need to spend money. Below are some annual cost estimates provided by the ASPCA: Dogs -- $600-$900, depending on size Cats -- $600 Rabbit -- $700 Rodents --$300-$650, depending on size Fish -- $40 Small Birds -- $400 Large Birds (Parrots, Macaws)-- $700-$1,200 Set aside a few hundred dollars in case of emergency veterinary costs. Schedule regular visits to the vet. Be sure to bring your pet to the vet soon after adopting it as well. Just like humans, pets need regular check-ups to spot problems before they become serious conditions. Use your first visit to discuss how often you should schedule check-ups and your pet's dietary and medical needs. Be sure to schedule shots and vaccinations as soon as you can. Make sure that your pet has all of the proper vaccines and other preventative medication suggested by your veterinarian, such as heart worm pills for some dogs. Ask your vet what symptoms to look for if your pet gets sick. Spay or neuter dogs and cats to prevent pet over-population. Record your vet's number as well as the number of a veterinary hospital in case of emergencies. Knowing your pet's normal behavior is very important; if they are sick or injured, they will often act unusually, such as sleeping more, going off their food, etc. If they begin to act oddly, check them for any injuries and keep an eye on their food and water intake; if they stop eating or drinking, or they have obvious wounds that are concerning you, then take them to the vet. Make sure your new "family member" has food that suits their nutritional needs. The cheapest food you find may not always be the healthiest. Feeding animals table scraps - no matter how cute they are when they beg - is not a good idea since people food often has minerals and items in it that can be harmful to our animal friends. Only feed your pet appropriate foods and give them responsible portions. Research or ask your vet about good food sources and portion sizes. Natural foods, though more expensive, are healthier than dry or processed foods. Watch your pet's diet carefully. Many foods that are edible for humans can be inappropriate for animals, making them ill when they consume them, so it is important to research what foods your pet can not eat as well as those they can eat. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/60\/Take-Care-of-a-Pet-Step-5.jpg\/v4-460px-Take-Care-of-a-Pet-Step-5.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/6\/60\/Take-Care-of-a-Pet-Step-5.jpg\/aid799208-v4-728px-Take-Care-of-a-Pet-Step-5.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":"728","bigHeight":"546","licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"} Overfeeding is as harmful as underfeeding, so it is important that your pet gets the amount of food it needs and not too much extra. For some animals, dietary requirements may change with the season; for example, if you have horses or other grazing animals, they will often require more hay during the seasons when there is less grass. Look at pet food labels to make sure you are purchasing food for your pet that is properly nutritious. Research which food could harm your pet. It is vital that all pets have a constant water supply. Check water bowls at least once a day to ensure that they have enough water and that the water is clean and not contaminated. Clean your pet and all of its enclosures. This will keep both you and your pet healthy and happy. Create a regular cleaning schedule, at least once every 2-3 weeks, and stick to it, cleaning your animal and it's living spaces to prevent disease and odor. Consider whether your pet needs to be groomed. Many animals will largely take care of themselves, only really needing to be groomed or bathed when they manage to get very messy. Others, such as long-haired dogs or cats, may need regular grooming. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/07\/Take-Care-of-a-Pet-Step-6.jpg\/v4-460px-Take-Care-of-a-Pet-Step-6.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/0\/07\/Take-Care-of-a-Pet-Step-6.jpg\/aid799208-v4-728px-Take-Care-of-a-Pet-Step-6.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":"728","bigHeight":"546","licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"} For larger pets like cats and dogs, there are animal cleaning centers with large tubs and hoses. Keep up with regular grooming, such as brushing fur or scrubbing scales, every few days. For dogs and cats, make sure you keep their nails short so they don't break painfully. It is a good idea to desensitize your pet to being groomed or bathed from an early age. When brushing fur, ensure any brush used on the face is soft, and if brushing long, tangled fur, take the time to work out knots gently rather than tugging. You can buy brushes for pets at pet stores. When bathing your pet, make sure that the water is lukewarm and that the products you use do not cause an allergic reaction - buying specialist shampoos is not always necessary, but heavily perfumed products may cause a rash for many animals. Consider taking your pet to a professional groomer if you aren't sure you are competent to do it. You don't want to accidentally injure the pet. Exercise your pet if it’s the kind of pet that needs it, such as a dog. Figure out the exercise needs (if any) of the pet before you buy it, and consider whether your lifestyle gives you enough time to meet them. Some pets don't require you to do much beyond providing them with a safe place to move about, such as buying a run for a rabbit, and making sure the tank is large enough for fish. But other pets must be exercised. Dogs require a more hands-on approach to exercise because they need to be walked regularly. Making sure your pet gets enough exercise can help prevent aggression and destructive behaviors. Do in-depth research about care for your pet. While these steps are general guidelines for pet ownership, each animal is different and you need to adapt accordingly. Ask friends who have similar pets, check out books from the library, and search internet discussion boards about your breed or species. You can never know too much. Be flexible once you bring your pet home. Pets have personalities and will have different wants and needs. Give your pet your affection. Though this is certainly true of dogs and cats, even fish and lizards require dedication and love to really thrive. Animals are social beings much like humans, and you need to set aside time to play with your pets so they get exercise and mental stimulation. Give your pet room to roam -- the bigger the animal, the more room they'll need. Buy toys and play-sets for you and your pet to use together. Give your pet the occasional treat after good behavior to motivate it and cement good habits. your pet if it’s the kind of pet that needs it. Train A major part of caring for a pet is training. Training is essential for the safety of the animal and the people who interact with it. If you have an apartment cat, the litter box is very important from the start. You have to teach your cat to use the litter box and to think of it as its only place to do the necessary business. The litter box needs frequent cleaning (once or twice a day, depending on the cat). Feeding is approximately 2 or 3 times a day, again, depending on the cat. Water should be supplied continuously. Dogs need to be trained so they understand proper behavior, such as where to go to the bathroom and not to jump on people when they enter the house. It's important that the owner establishes control, but never in an abusive or harmful way to the animal. Make time for your pet. Some animals require more attention than others, so the amount of time they need is often relative. Just be sure than you are capable of fulfilling whatever that need may be. Try to take a little time out of each day to spend with your pet, even if it's just sitting down with them. More often than not, your pet would be more than happy to relax with you. Dogs should be walked, and hamsters need time to run around in their balls. Play should be fun for both your pet and you, but make sure it is safe and monitored at all times. Research whether your pet breed needs to socialize with other animals. Play with it - dogs are very social animals so they need to spend time with their owners. With toys or simply chasing him around is enough for exercising. Dogs have a natural craving for chewing things, so buy a chewing toy to keep him entertained. Love your pet. Love is what your relationship with your pet has to be about. Show him or her your affection by petting and playing. Your pet will be a member of your family, so treat it like one. A good cuddle will do the both of you good. Pets respond to the tone of people's voices as well as touch. Horses need attention. Like wild horses, if you don't love them properly, they pretty much turn into mustang. Give them a treat once in a while, take a walk with them, or ride them for fun. Train a pet with positive reinforcement, never cruelty or abuse.Keep your pet and its environment clean. If you have a small animal, clean their cage weekly. You're not showing your pet love if you let it sit in filth. If you have a dog, vacuum fur regularly from the house and wash their dog bed from time to time. Neglecting to clean your pet could result in infection, so keep on top of its cleanliness!	Determine if you can adequately care for a pet. Choose a pet that fits your lifestyle. Choose your breed carefully, especially if you have children. Be realistic about your budget, and your ability to shoulder responsibilities. Prepare your house for your incoming pet. Buy necessary pet supplies in advance. Budget enough money for adequate care. Schedule regular visits to the vet. Make sure your new "family member" has food that suits their nutritional needs. Clean your pet and all of its enclosures. Exercise your pet if it’s the kind of pet that needs it, such as a dog. Do in-depth research about care for your pet. Give your pet your affection. your pet if it’s the kind of pet that needs it. Make time for your pet. Love your pet.
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Velcro-Stick-Again	How to Make Velcro Stick Again	Velcro can lose its stickiness when it gets worn out, in which case it usually needs to be replaced. However, if your velcro isn't sticking because it's clogged and dirty, you can clean it to help it stick again. Start by using your fingers to pick out any large pieces caught in the Velcro. Then, use a pair of tweezers to pick out any lint or debris that you can't get with your fingers. To get the smallest particles out of the material, take a fine-toothed comb and slide it along the rows in the Velcro. Once you've removed all the debris that you can, take a dry toothbrush and brush the Velcro in 1 direction parallel to the rows of hooks to get any remaining pieces.	Pull out loose lint and other matter caught in the Velcro with your fingers. Pinch any large pieces of matter that are caught in the Velcro between your fingernails and pull them out. Think of how you would clean out hair from a hairbrush, and do the same for the lint, hair, and other things that are caught in the Velcro. Velcro tabs consist of two parts called a hook and loop fastener system. The rougher side is called the hook, and the softer side is called the loop. The hook is generally the part that collects the debris because this is the part of the Velcro that grabs and sticks. It is possible that over time your Velcro will stop being sticky because the hooks get damaged. In this case, cleaning will only do so much and you may have to replace the Velcro if you cannot restore its grabbing power. Pick out lint and debris that you can’t reach with your fingers with tweezers. Hold the Velcro steady with a hand. Use a pair of tweezers with your other hand to pluck out pieces of matter that are caught further down in the hooks of the Velcro. Be careful not to grab and pull on the hooks with the tweezers. You might damage them and cause your Velcro to be less sticky. Use a pin or needle if you don’t have tweezers to pull out matter. Slide the pointy end between the rows of hooks and underneath debris, then gently lift up to pull out the matter. Work in the same direction as the rows of hooks are facing on the Velcro. You can use any small, thin, and needle-like object for this method. Just make sure that it is sturdy enough to pull out debris that might be really stuck in the Velcro without bending. Scrape debris out of the Velcro with a fine-toothed comb instead of a needle. Hold the Velcro flat and securely in place. Slide a plastic, metal, or wooden comb along the rows of hooks to scrape out stubborn lint and other debris that you can't pluck or lift out. Make sure the teeth of the comb are not so fine and delicate that they could break as you scrape out debris. Brush the Velcro with a dry toothbrush after you pull out as much as you can. Use an old toothbrush that you don't need for your teeth anymore. Brush the Velcro in 1 direction parallel to the rows of hooks to get out any remaining pieces of lint and other matter. A stiff-bristled toothbrush works best, or you can use another kind of stiff brush like a dish brush or a pet brush. Be careful not to scrub too hard or you might damage the hooks on the Velcro. This is why it's important to work parallel to the hooks so that they keep their form as you brush out debris. Keep Velcro tabs closed as much as possible so they don’t collect debris. Close the hook and loop fasteners on Velcro whenever you are not using it. This will protect the hooks from picking up stray matter like lint, hair, and other debris. Velcro is designed to be sticky and will easily grab onto things like blankets or clothes from which it will pick up lint. Close Velcro tabs on garments before washing them. When you wash Velcro it will pick up lint, hair, and anything else floating around in the washing machine. Keep the hook and loop fasteners closed when you wash Velcro to keep this from happening. Wash garments that contain Velcro separately from other items when possible. Let Velcro air dry instead of putting it in the dryer. Washers and dryers are full of lint that Velcro attracts. Leave garments that contain Velcro to air dry so the Velcro doesn't pick up lint from other clothing and fabric items. If air drying isn't possible, then keep the Velcro tabs closed and dry the garments in the dryer separately from other items.	Pull out loose lint and other matter caught in the Velcro with your fingers. Pick out lint and debris that you can’t reach with your fingers with tweezers. Use a pin or needle if you don’t have tweezers to pull out matter. Scrape debris out of the Velcro with a fine-toothed comb instead of a needle. Brush the Velcro with a dry toothbrush after you pull out as much as you can. Keep Velcro tabs closed as much as possible so they don’t collect debris. Close Velcro tabs on garments before washing them. Let Velcro air dry instead of putting it in the dryer.
https://www.wikihow.com/Organize-Your-Backpack-for-Middle-School	How to Organize Your Backpack for Middle School	To organize your backpack for middle school, start by putting your binders, notebooks, and textbooks in it so the heaviest stuff is on the bottom. Then, place your pencil case on top of everything else so it's easy to access throughout the day. Next, organize the rest of your miscellaneous items, like chapstick, gum, and snacks, in the front and side pockets of your backpack. Finally, put your wallet and any money you have in an inside pocket to keep it safe.	Empty out your entire backpack. Before you start organizing, you should check what items you already have and what condition they are in. It's likely you still have pens, markers, highlighters, and folders from your previous school year. You may even have extra loose leaf paper that you can reuse for the coming year. You should also take this time to clean your backpack. You can either vacuum it out or simply turn it upside down over a trash can and shake it. Make sure you also check the condition of your backpack. If you have any rips or tears, or if your backpack is small, you may want to buy a new one. Sort your items into different piles and go through them. For example, sort textbooks, binders, notebooks, writing utensils, miscellaneous items, and trash into different piles. Then go through the piles and throw out what you don't need. You can get rid of any used notebook paper, stubs of pencils, empty pens, broken pencils, broken hairbands, or any other useless items you find. This is also a good time to start a list of the items you have and of those that you still need. This will make shopping easier later, as you won't have to try and remember what to buy. Organize what’s left. If you have binders or folders, try organizing them with tabs and dividers. You can sort them by subject, chapter, or function. For example, label each folder with the new year's classes, like Science, Social Studies, or English. You can also put all your pens, pencils, and highlighters into a pen case or bag. This way, you aren't buying new items you don't need. Get a list of what school materials you need. Before every school year, your school should provide you with a list of the items you need for your grade. If you don't receive one of these before the school year begins, you can usually find them at supply stores like Office Max or Staples. The most common items for middle school include pens, #2 pencils, notebooks, wide-rule loose leaf paper, a 3 ring binder, and scissors and tape. Other materials you may need include a USB flash drive, a TI calculator, index cards, a weekly planner, and a stapler. Plan out what to take in your bag. You don't want to overload your backpack, so try to take only the essentials when you can. For example, having one binder separated into multiple subjects will help save you space compared to multiple folders. You should also try to take two pencils and two to three pens, as well as a highlighter, and your weekly planner. This way, the rest of your space can be dedicated to textbooks and notebooks. You'll have a better idea of exactly what you'll need day-to-day after the first week of class. If you have money for lunch, try to keep it zipped up in an inside pocket. If you don't have one in your bag, try to keep it in a change purse or wallet instead. This will help keep your money safe and together, so you aren't searching all over for it during lunch time. If you have a block schedule with different classes on different days, try separating your materials into marked piles. For example, you can mark everything for one day with a specific color like red, while the other day is blue. Then you can switch them out of your backpack when necessary. Use every part of your backpack. Now is the moment of truth; you want to make sure you can fit everything in your backpack and still be able to carry it. Chances are you'll have a locker you can store some things in, but you still need to be able to take everything to and from school each day. Put your binder, notebooks, textbooks, and pencil case in the main part of the bag - in that order. You should then put any extra materials into the front pockets. For example, your calculator, tape, stapler, even markers, and highlighters if they won't fit in your pencil case can go in your front pockets. The front pockets of your backpack are also a great place to keep items like chapstick, tissues, mints, or anything else you want to carry with you. Watch the weight of your bag. It's important for both your comfort and health to make sure that your backpack doesn't get too heavy as the school year progresses. For example, if you're continuously adding assignments, projects, snacks, and additional school supplies, your bag is going to gain some weight. If you notice that it's difficult to lift your bag or that the straps cut into your shoulders, it's probably time to clean out and reorganize. Your backpack shouldn't weigh more than 10-20% of your weight. For example, if you weigh 120 lbs, your backpack shouldn't weigh more than 12 lbs. Keep everything in your backpack current. You don't want anything in your bag except what is absolutely necessary; your school books, writing utensils, and current assignments. This will not only help with the weight of your bag but also keep you organized. For example, you probably don't need to keep returned assignments, projects, or instructions for homework you've already completed. Though papers don't weigh a lot on their own, they can really add up when you're saving a bunch of them. Instead, keep a binder or file folder at home for all returned papers. You can even organize it by subject. This way, if your teacher requests an older assignment, you'll know exactly where it is and how to find it. Clean out your backpack regularly. You don't have to do this every day, but you should try to clean out your bag every two weeks or every month. It's difficult to keep everything in place and organized when you are moving from class to class all day. You might start throwing your pens and pencils directly into your bag and shoving your papers into your books instead of your folders. To avoid this, try taking an hour or two at the end of the week, or every other week, and clean out your bag. You should take everything out and go through it. Throw or file away unnecessary papers, trash, old food, and broken pens or pencils. Make sure assignments or papers are in the appropriate folders and organize them by date if you can. You can also wash or vacuum out your bookbag at this time, too.	Empty out your entire backpack. Sort your items into different piles and go through them. Organize what’s left. Get a list of what school materials you need. Plan out what to take in your bag. Use every part of your backpack. Watch the weight of your bag. Keep everything in your backpack current. Clean out your backpack regularly.
https://www.wikihow.com/Roast-Coffee-Beans	How to Roast Coffee Beans	If you want to roast coffee beans in a pan, pay special attention to the color and smell of the beans. They will start out smelling grassy, but will get a coffee smell as they cook. Once they smell right, start watching the darkness of the beans. Typically, darker beans have more body and a little more sweetness. Take them off the heat when they are roasted to your preference.	Keep smell in mind. When you first begin heating your green coffee beans, they will turn a yellowish color and start to emit a grassy smell. When they actually begin to roast, they will start to smoke and smell like true coffee. Know that the length of your roast is based on the color of the beans. While you will start out with 'green' beans, when they begin to roast, your beans will go through a whole array of color. A good rule of thumb is to keep in mind that the darker the bean, the fuller the body of the bean. Light brown: This color is generally avoided as it can result in a sour taste. The body is weak, the aroma medium and the sweetness low. Light-medium brown: This roast is common in the eastern United States. It has a full body, a full aroma, and a mild sweetness. Full medium brown: This is a common roast in the Western United States. It has a full body, strong aroma, and mild sweetness. Medium-dark brown: This roast is also known as a Light French or Viennese roast. It has a very full body, a strong aroma, and a strong sweetness. Dark brown: This is known as espresso or French. It has a full body, a medium aroma, and a full sweetness. Very dark (nearly black): This is also known as Spanish and Dark French. It has a weak body, a mild aroma, and a low sweetness. Listen for the crackling sound. As the beans begin to roast, the water inside them will begin to evaporate, causing a crackling sound to occur. There are generally two stages of crackling called first and second cracking. These two sounds occur as the temperature rises while the roasting occurs. Preheat your oven to 450 °F (232 °C). While your oven is preheating, ready your pan. For this method you will need a baking sheet that has many small holes or slots and a lip that will keep all of the beans in the pan. These pans can be found at any kitchen supply store. If you don't want to buy a new pan but happen to have an old baking sheet with a lip lying around, you can actually make your own roasting sheet. Take your pan and use a ⅛ inch drill bit to carefully drill holes into the sheet. The holes should be ½ inch away from each other and small enough that none of the beans will fall through them. Lay the beans out on the pan. Pour the beans onto the sheet so that they lie in one layer over the entire pan. The beans should be close together but should not be overlapping. Once the oven is preheated, place the baking sheet with the beans onto the middle rack of the oven. Roast the beans for 15 to 20 minutes. Listening for a cracking or popping noise. This is the water contained in the beans evaporating. The popping noise signifies that the beans are roasting and darkening. Stir them around every few minutes to help them develop an even roast. Remove the beans from the oven. When they are roasted to your satisfaction, remove them immediately from the heat. To help them cool down, pour the beans into a metal colander and stir them around. This will help cool the beans as well as remove the chaff. Place the empty popper onto the stove top. Bring it to a medium heat so that the temperature of the popper is about 450 °F (232 °C). If possible, use a deep fryer or candy thermometer to check the temperature of the popper. If you don't have a popcorn popper and don't want to buy one, you can use a large skillet or pan. Make sure that it is very clean or else your beans might pick up the flavor of whatever was cooked before them. Add the coffee beans. You should only roast 8 ounces of coffee beans at a time. Close the lid of the popper and begin turning the crank handle. You will need to continue stirring constantly so that your beans are roasted evenly. If you are using a pan or skillet you will need to stir constantly as well--there is much more of a chance for the beans to burn in a skillet or pan. Listen for the crackling noise. After about four minutes (though it can take up to seven minutes) you should begin to hear a crackling sound--this means that the beans are beginning to roast. At the same time, the beans will start producing coffee-smelling smoke that can be really potent. Turn on your oven hood fan and open a window to let the smoke out. Note the time when the beans start to crackle. Check the beans’ color frequently. After the crackling starts, wait one minute and then begin to check the color of the beans. When the beans have reached the color you want, pour them out into a metal colander and continue to stir them until the beans cool. Consider the pros and cons. Mechanized roasters are a more expensive, yet extremely efficient, roasting option. These appliances work in the same way that the popcorn popper does--hot air is blown across the beans. However, these roasters result in a very even roast. Consider a hot air roaster. These types of roasters are also called fluid bed roasters. This type of roaster has a glass container that allows you to monitor the color of the beans as they roast, allowing you to roast them to your desired color. Roasters of this variety include the FreshRoast8, Hearthware I-Roast 2, and the Nesco Professional. Follow your appliance's instructions to roast your beans to perfection. Finished.	Keep smell in mind. Know that the length of your roast is based on the color of the beans. Listen for the crackling sound. Preheat your oven to 450 °F (232 °C). Lay the beans out on the pan. Roast the beans for 15 to 20 minutes. Remove the beans from the oven. Place the empty popper onto the stove top. Add the coffee beans. Listen for the crackling noise. Check the beans’ color frequently. Consider the pros and cons. Consider a hot air roaster. Finished.
https://www.wikihow.com/Tell-if-You-Have-Bad-Breath	How to Tell if You Have Bad Breath	To tell if you have bad breath, lick your wrist, wait 10 seconds for your saliva to dry, and then smell it. If it smells bad, you probably have bad breath. You can also try covering your mouth and nose with both hands, breathing out, and then smelling your breath in your hands. If you do have bad breath, make sure you're brushing your teeth thoroughly twice a day, and try flossing and gargling with an antibacterial mouthwash.	Lick the inside of your wrist. Wait 5-10 seconds for the saliva to dry. Try to do this discreetly–when you're alone–and not in a public place, or you may get strange looks from those around you. Avoid trying this test just after you've brushed your teeth, used mouthwash, or eaten something minty, as a freshly-cleaned mouth may give you inaccurate results. Smell the inside of your wrist where the saliva has dried. This is, more or less, what your breath smells like. If it smells unsavory, then you may need to improve your dental hygiene and overall health. If it doesn't smell like anything, then your breath probably isn't too bad--but you might need to try another self-test to be sure. Bear in mind that this method primarily pulls saliva from the tip (anterior portion) of your tongue, which is fairly self-cleansing. Thus, smelling your licked wrist will only tell you how the best-smelling part of your tongue smells--and most bad breath tends to originate from the back of the mouth where it meets the throat. You can wash the saliva off of your wrist, but don't worry if you don't have access to water or sanitizer since the smell will dissipate quickly as the skin dries. If your breath problems are relatively minor, you may not be able to smell much. If you're still worried, consider trying another self-testing method to give yourself a "second opinion". Try swabbing the back of your tongue. Use a finger or a piece of cotton gauze to reach deep into your mouth–but not so far back as to trigger your gag reflex–and wipe the surface of your tongue at the back of your mouth. Any bad-breath bacteria lurking back there will come off onto the swabbing tool. Sniff the swab (your finger or the cotton) for an accurate sense of how the back of your mouth smells. This method may reveal bad breath more precisely than merely licking your arm. Chronic halitosis is caused by bacteria that breed on your tongue and between your teeth – and most of these bacteria congregate near the back of your mouth. The tip of your tongue is fairly self-cleaning, and you may clean the front of your mouth more regularly than the back of your mouth. Try swishing with antibacterial mouthwash–in the front and the back of your mouth–to keep bacteria from hiding out on the back of your tongue. Gargle with mouthwash, if you can, to keep bad-breath bacteria from congregating in your throat opening. When you brush your teeth, make sure to brush your furthest back teeth, and be sure to brush your tongue and gums. Cover your mouth and nose with both of your hands. Form a cup so that the air you breathe out through your mouth has nowhere to go but into your nose. Breathe out, slowly, from your mouth, and quickly inhale the hot breath through your nose. If your breath is especially rank, you may be able to tell – but the air can quickly escape through the cracks between your fingers, and it's difficult to get a precise diagnosis using this method. It is, however, one of the most discreet ways to check for bad breath in public. Breathe into a clean plastic cup or container. Take a deep breath, and then hold the cup so that it covers both your nose and your mouth, with minimal ventilation, so you can get a close to accurate answer. Breathe out through your mouth, slowly, filling the cup with hot breath. Inhale quickly and deeply through your nose--you should be able to smell your breath. This step may be slightly more accurate than merely cupping your hands around your nose and mouth, but its accuracy is heavily dependent upon how tightly the cup seals in your breath. You can try this out with any container that traps your breath in a circuit between your nose and your mouth: a small paper or plastic bag, a tight-fitting surgical mask, or any manner of air-retentive face-mask. Be sure to rinse out the cup before breathing into it again. Wash it with soap and water before storing it or using it for anything else. Get an accurate reading. Avoid trying these methods directly after you've brushed your teeth, swished with mouthwash, or eaten something minty. These things may make your breath smell better, but the way your breath smells immediately after brushing your teeth is not necessarily the way that it smells most of the time. Try smelling your breath at various times--right after brushing your teeth, but also in the middle of the day, when you're most likely to encounter people--to better understand the difference. Bear in mind that your breath may smell bad after eating a spiced meal Consider asking a trusted friend or family member whether your breath smells bad. You can try to smell your own breath, but you can only ever approximate what someone else smells. The best way to know for sure is to swallow your pride and ask, "Be honest. Does my breath smell bad?" Choose a person that you trust--someone that won't go around telling people, and someone that will be honest with you about your breath. Ask a close friend who you know won't judge you. Avoid asking a crush or a romantic partner, as serious bad breath might be a turn-off. Avoid asking strangers, unless you're feeling particularly bold. It may seem embarrassing, at first, but you may find it a huge relief to get a trusted opinion on the matter. It's better to hear it from a close friend than from, say, someone you'd like to kiss. Be considerate. Don't just breathe into someone's face and say, "How does my breath smell?" Bring up the topic delicately, and always ask before demonstrating. If you spend a lot of time in close contact with the person, they may have already noticed that your breath smells bad; they may have just been too polite to bring it up. Say, "I'm worried that my breath might smell bad, but I can't really tell. This is embarrassing, but have you noticed anything?" Say, "This might sound strange, but does my breath smell bad? I'm taking Jenny out to a movie tonight, and I'd rather deal with it now than wait for her to notice." Determine whether you have morning breath or chronic halitosis. Check your breath in the morning, in the afternoon, and in the evening, before and after you've brushed your teeth, and figure out how persistent the problem is. If you know why your breath smells bad, you can take steps to fix it. Morning breath is normal. You can fix it by brushing, flossing, and rinsing with mouthwash right after you wake up. Halitosis is a more serious bacterial infestation, but it is still common and still treatable. To fight halitosis, you'll need to keep your mouth clean and manage the bacteria that make your breath smell bad. The most common causes of bad breath are dental cavities, gum disease, poor oral hygiene, gastrointestinal conditions, and coated tongue (a white or yellow coating on the tongue, usually due to inflammation). If you can't tell from inspecting your mouth, your dentist should be able to tell you what's causing your bad breath. If someone tells you that your breath doesn't smell so great, don't be embarrassed. Think of it as constructive criticism. Keep good dental hygiene. Brush your teeth more thoroughly, gargle with antibacterial mouthwash, and floss between your teeth to keep plaque and bacteria from hiding out there. Drink plenty of water, and swish cool water around in your mouth to freshen morning breath. It's very important to brush your teeth before going to bed. You might try an additional round of brushing with baking soda to reduce the acidity in the mouth and make it difficult for the bacteria that cause bad breath to grow. Use a tongue scraper (available at many drugstores) to remove any residue that may be building up between the taste buds and folds in the tongue. If you don't have a tongue scraper, you can use your toothbrush to brush your tongue. Replace your toothbrush every two to three months. The bristles will become less effective over time, and your brush may accumulate bacteria. Replace your toothbrush after you've been sick so you don't give the bacteria a place to hide out. Eat foods that promote good breath and avoid those that don't. Foods like apples, ginger, fennel seeds, berries, greens, melons, cinnamon, and green tea support good breath. Try to incorporate some of these into your diet. At the same time, try to avoid or limit foods that cause bad breath. Some notorious ones are onions, garlic, coffee, beer, sugar, and cheese. Processed foods that are full of sugar like cookies, candies, and pastries can also contribute to bad breath. Talk to your doctor about your gastrointestinal health. Poor gastrointestinal health could be the culprit behind your bad breath. You may have a condition like peptic ulcer disease, H. pylori infection, or reflux. Your doctor can help treat any existing conditions and give you strategies for maintaining a healthier gut. Keep your nasal passages healthy. Allergies, sinus infections, and post-nasal drip can all cause bad breath, so you should do your best to prevent and treat these conditions. Keep your nasal passages clean and clear, and manage allergies before they escalate. A neti pot can be helpful in rinsing mucus buildup from your nose. Drinking hot water with lemon, using nasal saline drops, and taking vitamin C can help alleviate a stuffy nose. When taking vitamin C, follow the dosage recommendations on the package. Adults should not exceed 2000 mg of vitamin C per day. Eat a healthy diet. In addition to eating good breath-promoting foods, eating an overall healthy diet can nip bad breath in the bud. Cut back on processed foods, red meats, and cheeses. Focus on eating fiber-rich foods like oatmeal, flax seeds, and kale. You should also incorporate probiotic-friendly foods into your diet, like unsweetened kefir, kimchi, and plain yogurt. Alternatively, you can take a probiotic supplement. Neutralize bad breath. Chew gum, eat breath mints or use Listerine strips before sensitive social situations. Ultimately, you may want to treat the roots of your problem and banish your bad breath for good, but it never hurts to make your breath smell better in the meantime. Keep gum with you so that you can use it in emergencies. Chew a handful of cloves, fennel seeds, or aniseeds. Their antiseptic qualities help fight halitosis-causing bacteria. Chew a piece of lemon or orange rind for a mouth- freshening burst of flavor. (Wash the rind thoroughly first.) The citric acid will stimulate the salivary glands—and fight bad breath. Chew a fresh sprig of parsley, basil, mint, or cilantro. The chlorophyll in these green plants neutralizes odors. Avoid using tobacco products. If you ever needed another reason to quit, here's an easy one: smoking contributes to bad breath. Tobacco tends to dry out your mouth, and it can leave an unpleasant smell that lingers even after brushing your teeth. Speak with your dentist or your doctor about the problem. Visit your dentist regularly to help maintain good oral hygiene. If you have chronic bad breath, your dentist can rule out any dental problems like cavities, gum disease, and coated tongue. If your dentist believes that the problem is caused from a systemic (internal) source such as an infection, he or she may refer you to your family physician or a specialist.	Lick the inside of your wrist. Smell the inside of your wrist where the saliva has dried. Try swabbing the back of your tongue. Cover your mouth and nose with both of your hands. Breathe into a clean plastic cup or container. Get an accurate reading. Consider asking a trusted friend or family member whether your breath smells bad. Be considerate. Determine whether you have morning breath or chronic halitosis. Keep good dental hygiene. Eat foods that promote good breath and avoid those that don't. Talk to your doctor about your gastrointestinal health. Keep your nasal passages healthy. Eat a healthy diet. Neutralize bad breath. Avoid using tobacco products. Speak with your dentist or your doctor about the problem.