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English.SE, Hi, first time being here. I have had this confusion about the pronunciation of "a priori" and "a posteriori" for a long time, normally I just read the last vowel as /i/, however today my office mate asked me about this for he saw the pronunciation on Merriam-Webster online dictionary shows that the last vowel reads as /ai/, this reminded me that the philosophy professors whose lectures I took before didn't agree on this pronunciation either. Since I learned that Immanuel Kant borrowed these words from Latin, I wonder what is the correct way to pronounce these words in Latin or at least in a Latin'ish way. | 1 |
I have a question on electron and non-polar optical phonon scattering in GaAs. Is it allowed to consider intravalley electron non-polar optical phonon scattering in L-valley of GaAs? I found in the literature, people only consider intervalley (L to L) electron non-polar optical phonon scattering in GaAS. I wonder if anyone can help me why this is the case? Why do not people consider intravalley non-polar optical phonon scattering in L-valleys of GaAs? | 1 |
Black is the absence of light because it absorbs light, but when we create black paint or black objects, light is always reflected, either in all directions in matte or smoothly in shiny black objects, making it never a true black. Would it be possible to use polarization to create an object that does not reflect any light, creating a truly black substance, without any shadows or reflection of light? | 1 |
I see all the files in titlesec here at ctan: http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/titlesec/ I also see a titlesec folder in my texmf-texlive tree. Apparently what happened is that during a fresh installation of texmaker, the installation process cleared out the titlesec.sty and related files. Why it would do such a thing, I do not know. It seems obvious to me that I should just put all the files on the ctan site into the titlesec folder. Do I have to download all those ctan files individually or is there another way? | 1 |
I have seen the following line in mail replies from customer care executives - Thanks for your patience They write this when they are not yet ready with a desired solution. They write in the mail that it will be ready after some more time. Writing "Thanks for your patience" in such a mail seems like we are assuming the other person is patient, whereas he actually may not be, and instead, what is probably desired is to ask the person to be patient. What would be a polite way of asking the same, knowing that the person desires the solution ASAP. | 1 |
As far as I know, a measurable function is Lebesgue integrable if and only it is absolutely integrable. It is simply because the definition of the integrability requires each of the positive part and the negative part has a finite integral. However, some theorems explicitly state that a function need to be "absolutetly integrable". For example, Fubini-Tonelli theorem says that if one of the iterative integrals or the double integral is absolutely integrable they have the same value. What's the point / importance of the absolute value here? Can I just replace the condition of absolute integrability with just integrability? | 1 |
It's easy enough to show that the theory of algebraically closed fields of characteristic p is decidable (since its complete). But does it follow from this that the theory of algebraically closed fields of any characteristic is? I suspect that the answer is "yes", but I'm not quite sure why. The reason for my suspicion is that we can simply that the greatest lower bound of each of these theories and arrive at the right set. But I'm not sure if decidable sets are closed under countable intersections. | 1 |
I've used this site to my benefit in the past, and now I have my own question. I have looked through some of the answers (although I admit not every one as I am short on time) and cannot find what I am looking for. Could someone help me regarding punctuation of my sentence? I find an airplane's symbolic freedom appealing: whether it is soaring through the sky; industriously filling and disgorging passengers; or exultantly defying gravity on take-off, it remains independent and far-reaching in all of its manoeuvres. Is this correct British English or do I need to change the colon to a comma? Also how is that last tacked on bit? | 1 |
I was recently studying Pair Production and Annihilation. The author mentions that a nearby nucleus is required when the photon materialises into a particle and an anti-particle. The explanation given is that the momentum and the energy must be conserved. However, there is no calculation given that shows the violation of energy. The reason is just blankly stated. Is there more to this concept. Please explain? As far as I know that from the knowledge of Particle Physics, virtual photons can violate the conservation laws if the time scales are very small due to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. Then why can't we apply the same idea here? PS: I've read the other answers but none of them include the contribution of Nucleus' energy/momentum to conserve momentum or energy. | 1 |
I have a document with quite a number of figures, some of which have a longer figure caption (in particular some take multiple lines). The image shows such a case: I would like the second and consecutive lines to be aligned with the 'F' from 'Figure', i.e. get rid of the white space below the figure label. The gecko expample from the wikibook (https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Floats,_Figures_and_Captions) shows this. But they seem to do nothing special to achieve this. Maybe a different software version? How can this be done? Thanks Soraltan | 1 |
We know that space cannot spread a sound wave as there is no "air" or a medium that would support the spread of a sound wave. However if we put ourselves in the vicinity of an exploding star, would it be possible to hear something? The question arises from the idea that within the explosion of a star (first few seconds or less) you may hear a noise due to the explosion of the star... | 1 |
For me the relevant number of subgroups of a finite group is the number of non-isomorphic subgroups. Mathematicians seems to have an other opinion. There is a related classification called automorphic subgroups, when there is an automorphism on the main group that maps a subgroup on a subgroup, which seems to be a stronger condition. A weaker condition than automorphic subgroups is conjugate subgroups. What is the relation between conjugate subgroups and isomorphic subgroups? Why isn't isomorphic subgroups more interesting in mathematics? | 1 |
Given the fact that the force stopping me falling through the ground is the electromagnetic repulsion between the electrons in my feet and the ground, would it be possible to increase this repulsive force? Also is friction generated due to this repulsion of angular faces at a very small scale ? if so could a material be made so smooth it had zero friction because the electromagnetic force simply kept the two apart instead of causing friction? Sorry if its a stupid question but im very interested to find out and why not if i am wrong. | 1 |
I would like to understand the difference between reflection of light and re emission. Indeed in both case an observer far from the object will se an electromagnetic field coming to him. When we take a perfect conductor an a E.M wave going to it, we know that the wave is "reflected" but can we also see it in the way that the material absorbed the light and re emitted it ? Is the difference based on the fact that in re emission the energy is stored for a finite amount of time in the material and the re emitted as a ray whereas in reflection the energy of the incident beam is never stored by the material ? Thank you for your answers. | 1 |
Experience and hardship come to mind but they seem too general and they don't communicate the end result. They can be used depending on the context of course but there might be a word for a type of experience that conveys this proverb better. (if not a single word, a two-word phrase). Example sentence: I've suffered through a lot of adversity in my life, experiences that didn't kill me, but made me stronger, turned me into a fighter. These ordeals were (my) _______. | 1 |
This is a newbie question, but I don't quite understand the forces at work when an object is rotating. So I've read that i can use my right hand to determine the direction of the force at the axis which depends on the direction and the magnitude of a spinning wheel. (Fingers pointing in the direction of rotation, thumb is pointing in the direction of the resulting force.) Does that mean that in a car, the wheels on one side constantly want to fall off, while on the other side they want to move to the enter of the axis? | 1 |
Suppose that in the future a highly resistant spacecraft went to the Sun and collected three samples of the Sun: one from its surface, one from its core, and one midway. The three samples were put into three high-tech jars which could preserve the samples perfectly (so the temperature, pressure, etc, of the three samples are not altered). The three jars were then brought back to Earth, and exposed into a museum. What would we see? Would the three samples look almost identical to each other? Would they look like some kind of fire/flames? Or would they just look like some kind of boring gas? Please provide pictures if you can. | 1 |
The word visualization is often used to describe an image or interactive piece of media that represents a data set. I am trying to think if there is an equivalent for something that is not only visual, but also tangible. That is, an object that represents data and that people can touch and see. If there is no word for this, can you think of a neologism for it e.g."tangiblelization"? EDIT: By tangible I mean an object that can you can youch with your hands. | 1 |
Any action of a finite group on a (non-empty) tree has a global fixed point (in the sense that there is a vertex fixed by all group elements or an edge fixed by all group elements). There is a hint which says we can consider the diameter of the corresponding orbit is minimal. However I don't find the definition of diameter in the book. Can someone clarify the diameter? Or give the details of proof? Thank you. | 1 |
Why does special relativity exist? Via studying the outcome(s) of such relativity, one can end up with all the equations involved in special relativity. Thus one runs into things such as contraction, dilation, transformations, velocity addition, etc. But these are the outcomes. My question is what is the cause of special relativity, and is the knowledge of this cause currently being shared in the world of physics? Or, to put it another way, is it currently accepted despite there being no cause that is known of, thus an acceptance of an effect without a cause? If you give this question a negative vote, please present your reasoning and or evidence to support such a vote. | 1 |
This question has been asked before under other guises. I am not a scientific profesional however i have some schooling in pyhsics and mathematics and have a keen interest in these subjects. It seems plausible to me and was a thought i had my self many years ago whilst at college, that the universe could possibly be expanding from within itself. Ie matter and space were expanding at the same rate as each other. I observe there is no relative distance increase between the objects i see on a day today basis and as such this type of expansion wouldn't change our perception of this relatively speaking. Everything we observe would remain the same and we would be unaware of the expansion.. | 1 |
I need a word to describe going out and doing something, which is thought through but not necessarily fully planned. Like all of a sudden thinking "I want to go to a club" while sitting on your couch, then going out and just doing it. A contextual example will be: You're doing nothing and want to do something. You're presented with a list of possible chooses that may interest you. You pick one, and just do it. | 1 |
My brother asked me this question: You can be disruptive, but can you be ruptive? For example, one can be disrespectful and it is also possible to be respectful... I thought ruptive would have to mean the opposite of disruptive (because...pattern?). I have looked up the definition of ruptive and it seems that both ruptive and disruptive have the same meaning. Why is this so and why is there a distinction if they both mean the same thing? Upon further investigation eruptive and irruptive are also in the same boat. Again why? Is this a common pattern? Examples? | 1 |
I have been seeing phrases "The board of directors resolved on the budget." but have never heard, and in dictionaries have not found, a combination of "resolve" with preposition "on" to refer to the topic that a body must make a decision on. The OED says to resolve in this sense generally takes an object clause, such as "The Committee resolved that it accepts the chairman's proposal." or "The shareholders resolved to go forward with the takeover bid." But when the actual tenor of the decision is not stated, only the topic on which a resolution must be passed, is it correct to use "resolve on"? | 1 |
How can an image pass through a window if the atoms in the glass randomly emit photons in any direction? I've read that glass is transparent because the atoms don't readily adsorb visible light, so it passes right through. But then how can a glass lens refract anything if it's not even interacting? Yet magnifying glasses burn ants! I've also read that refraction has to do with the difference of velocity of the wave in different mediums, but I thought that had to do with adsorption also. Maybe it's because a small number of photons get adsorbed and that holds the whole wave back some how? Or is this just another one of those places where classical intuition breaks and you have to go mathy/qm? | 1 |
Does Gravity / curved space cause rotation? Meaning, if a spaceship is heading not directly toward Earth, but slightly off to one side, and when finally being close to the Earth it falls into earth orbit, does the spaceship continue to point in the same directions as it was when approaching the earth, or does it now rotate at a frequency that is equal to its orbital frequency? I would expect the spaceship to be pointing in the opposite direction after completing one half of an earth orbit. | 1 |
Well, I guess the 'odds' in 'overcome the odds' means kind of 'diffculties'. But I cannot find such kind of explaining in dictionary (oxford dict online) nor in "Practical Everyday English (by Steven Collins)". The closest explaining, seem to me, is 'The chances, probalility of winning, being successful'. But then it doesn't explain well for the following sentence (from "BBC Life Story") Animals have just one goal at the end of this journey, to leave offspring, and everyone begins its life with an irrepressible instinct to survive and overcome the odds. What does 'odds' mean here? | 1 |
I have following propositions: p:Grizzly bears have been seen in the area. q:Hiking is safe on the trail. r:Berries are ripe along the trail. I need to convert following compound statement to logical expressions by using logical connectives. If berries are ripe along the trail,hiking is safe if and only if grizzly bears have not been seen in the area What I think is true is: ~p <-> (r^q) Note:I have considered comma in above statement as and. But answer given at the end of book is: r -> ( q <-> ~p ) | 1 |
I used to think that things called "parabolic" must have something to do with parabolas or their defining quadratic equations. In fact, terms like parabolic coordinate, parabolic partial differential equation and so on, are indeed related to parabolas and their equations. But, why are parabolic groups in algebraic group theory (correspondingly, parabolic subalgebras in Lie algebra theory) named "parabolic"? Do they have anything to do with parabolas or parabolic equations? Thank you very much. | 1 |
My guess is that when you throw a ball, which is held by your hand, using you arm, the radius of the circular path being constant, the outermost part of the ball has a bigger radius than the innermost part, therefore greater linear acceleration for the outermost part of the ball. And so when you release it, the outermost part is always ahead in the direction of rotation than the innermost part. | 1 |
I am currently studying mathematical course at my college, and I cannot seem to grasp the concept of inequalities. What troubles me is that, like it's said, "triangle inequality matters because many other theorems are dependent of it". But I have no idea why triangle inequality matters, why bernoullie's inequality or why sin function inequalities matter? I would be grateful if anyone explained all of this. Practical examples would be much appreciated. | 1 |
In my current project we are writing a program to convert a newer protocol to an older one. These conversion programs are being referred to as adapters, but the team cannot agree which spelling to use: adapter or adaptor. I personally plump for adapter, as adaptor sounds like its a person (like actor, realtor, etc.) rather than a device. Is there a case for using one rather than the other? | 1 |
Is there a name for a pair of words or phrase that can have a double meaning? I was thinking homophones, but I thought that homophones are only applied to single words (ie their, there, and they're). The example: The term "werewolf hunter" can have two meanings A hunter who is also a Werewolf A hunter who hunts werewolves The term "English teacher" can have two meanings A teacher who is English in race A teacher who teaches English Is there a specific term for this kind of phrase? | 1 |
I am making a video game, and when player tries to walk into wall he should slide along it. However I am confused how to resolve the vectors for it. Here is image illustrating problem: I know the v vector, as well as angles A and B (although angle A is wrongly illustrated here, it should be counter clockwise). How do I find b vector? | 1 |
It might be a silly question, but one of my friends just got asked this question at an oral exam, and he could not answer it, and didn't receive the answer either (Or at least he forgot). And I've been thinking a while, and I'm not sure what would really happen. If I take, lets say a wedding ring, made from a conducting material, placed it on a table, and turned on an external electric field, what would happen ? The inside of the ring is field free, right ? So does anything even happen, and if so, is it only on the surface of the ring ? | 1 |
If decoherence time of quantum decoherence is zero, or if off-diagonal elements of density matrix of quantum system (without environment considered) vanished immediately after interaction with environment, then one can say that "classical" probability transition occurred, and this is why we get appearance of wavefunction collapse and measurement. However, decoherence time is almost always not zero, and off-diagonal elements of density matrix of system, as far as I know, do not vanish to zero even though they remain very close to zero. If this observation is correct, then I wonder how quantum decoherence explains how/when measurement occurs - with emphasis on "when". | 1 |
Since the Lagrangian of our quantum field theories is covariant under Lorentz transformations I'm asking myself if there is any link to some symmetries (like that we get from gauge transformations which also let the Lagrangian unchanged)? So is it possible to apply Noether's theorem to this invariance or doesn't this makes any sense? So what is the mathematically difference between this two transformations and their behavior? | 1 |
Possible Duplicate: Biblatex: remove commas between last and first names in bibliography Is there an easy work-around with the last-first biblatex macro so that the comma after the last name in the bibliography entry can be removed? The goal is to print Kruse, JS as Kruse JS To see some more background to this question, you may refer to my post: biblatex conditional for printing an extradate. | 1 |
I'm working on package that (among other things) writes an external file during compilation. I'd like to provide an option to the package to not write the external file. I know I can set up a boolean and test for it everywhere in the package the writes take place. But it would be nice to just set the openout command at the beginning to write to /dev/null or its equivalent. Is that possible? I need to keep this package supported on Windows, Mac, and Unix. | 1 |
The last couple of days i have been thinking about temperature and heat and i thought : What happens to temperature if i continually supply a particle with energy? Then i thought at sometime i would run out of energy (the energy of the whole universe) so that would be the limit of temperature. But temperature is proportional to the jiggling of the particle but the particle cannot move as fast as light so i used an equation from thermodynamics from Kinetic theory of gases which suggests that: So i figured the limit of Temperature would be : Can you follow this possibly crazy train of thought? Please explain to me: Does temperature have a limit? If so what is it? | 1 |
I am trying to find the correct opposite of a delegate in the context of a person being a representative of someone else that have allowed or chosen them to be their delegate. What would you call that "someone else?" The only word I could find is a delegator (which isn't a real word in English) or assigner, but they are technical words rather than descriptive. Any other word I could use? Think of it in a sentence like this: Here is a list of all the delegates in the company. But that is the list of their _ _ _ _ _ (what can go here?). I am trying to avoid fillers such as: bosses, agents, managers, etc. | 1 |
How can I visualize Lorentz transformations? I know it's four dimensional, but without a visual picture in my mind I can't understand any of this. For example how do: Time reflection Space reflection Proper Lorentz transformations Improper Lorentz transformations Homogeneous Lorentz transformations Orthochronous Lorentz transformations Antichronous Lorentz transformations look like? I don't have any idea about how they look like. Maybe this can be explained with Minkowski diagrams or in some other form. | 1 |
Question: If air was significantly compressed, and then the force compressing it suddenly disappeared (no container), what would happen? Side Question: I'm imagining significantly compressed, but what kind of pressure would be necessary for that? Thoughts: It has been a while since I took chemistry and physics, but what I think is that it would rapidly expand and exert similar pressure to whatever the container was exerting on it in all directions? So similar to what an explosion from heating gas or what not would do? | 1 |
In my dialect of American English, the word "tush" or "tushy" is a dimminuitive of "rear end" (e.g., something you'd say about a baby, not as harsh as "butt" and a word you aren't ashamed to say to your mother). The word derives from Yiddish, and I am from a Jewish family in the New York area, so I'm generally understood when I say it. How broadly is this word understood? What do folks who don't use it say in its stead? | 1 |
What is the best strategy to survive a free fall naked out of a jetliner at cruising altitude (ignoring temperature)? For instance, my strategy would be to streamline my fall so that my terminal velocity was very high. Then at some critical distance above the ground I would pitch upward and attempt to use my forward velocity to achieve lift. Presumably this would slow my fall to some survivable speed. (This is roughly what the space shuttle does after all.) Would it work? And idea if it would be survivable? | 1 |
My question is this: suppose we create two different standing waves in a string . So, is the energy of the standing wave dependent on the frequency of the wave ?(assume that the amplitude is unchanged) My guess is this: the energy of the standing wave is equal to the sum of the energy of the individual waves. Since the energy of individual waves remain the same( as the amplitude is constant) , the energy of the standing wave remains constant too. Am I right? | 1 |
What do you call the practice of using (overly) complex words specific to a subject? I am thinking of scientific or academic fields where the common terminology used in the field is very unapproachable to someone not in the field. The situation I am imagining is when one professor gives a lecture using field specific language and the topic seems very difficult to approach to the lay person. On the other hand, another professor may give a lecture conveying the same information using terminology and phrasing easily understood by outsiders. Is there a word to describe this difference in style practice? | 1 |
"I would like to talk today about what I think is one of the greatest adventures." In this sentence, is "what I think" is used like this "I would like to talk today about what, I think, is one of the greatest adventures." or like this? "I would like to talk today about what I think is (the thing I think is) one of the greatest adventures." Any explanations please? Which is correct? | 1 |
I was going through the book HANDBOOK OF PRODUCT GRAPHS by Richard Hammack, Wilfried Imrich, and Sandi Klavzar. In the preface section, application of direct product of graphs is mentioned. I am interested in gaining more information about the real life applications of other graph products. Can anyone suggest me a link or good book as a reference? This will be very helpful to me. Thanks a lot for giving time. | 1 |
I am interested on drawing (I suspect that using pgf/tikz is one of the easiest ways to accomplish this) a picture like the following one It is supposed to be a grid of the plane (I only care about the points with natural coordinates), where there are some "red bags" which contain some of these points , and there is a region that is coloured on yellow (one of the red bags corresponds exactly to the points in the yellow region). Any idea about how to use pgf/tikz to draw something like this? | 1 |
The following sentence is from a mathematical lecture note here: It takes a little bit of getting used to the idea of a function that cannot actually be evaluated at any specific point, but with some practice you will find that it will not cause any significant conceptual difficulty. Is there anything wrong with this sentence? I guess it is supposed to be "It takes a little bit of time for getting used to the idea...". Any idea for understanding the sentence? | 1 |
I would like to know about the larger picture, current state and future prospects of the sequence of papers that were written by Sheldon Katz and Cumrun Vafa on F-theory. (Freddy Cachazo was also a co-author in many of these papers) I guess the same is also known as "geometric engineering". (Kindly explain if that is not the same) There have been recent works on F-theory by Cumrum Vafa, Jonathan Heckman and others. I would like to know of how this recent work fits in with the earlier work by Katz and Vafa and where do people see this pursuit to be going and what does the community think of its future prospects. Are these Katz-Vafa works a prospective field for beginning grad students? | 1 |
Lots of people have wondered why English seems to be one of very few languages with such irregular spelling, far from its pronunciation. The answers include the Norman invasion, and the Great Vowel Shift. Ok, cool. But why did all those other languages not have the same thing happen to them? German, Spanish, Italian, all Slavic languages, etc. They don't have a silent 'e', they don't have the day/date poke/soak treat/tree vowel dualities, etc. They still ascribe vowels the same sounds they ascribed them many centuries ago. Is it because England had more trade contact and colonies? Or because they're on an isolated island? Or why? | 1 |
I'm trying to figure out the angle between the direction to an objective point relative to a player looking a certain direction. This will be used in making a direction indicator for a game. Here's a diagram made in Geogebra that shows the scenario Updated diagram to avoid confusion I have X,Y coordinates of the player and objective and I have the rotation of the player to work with. | 1 |
Say, you buy some new office furniture. You get the furniture parts delivered including the service to put the different parts - for example the desk top and the desk legs - together to complete furniture ready for usage. Is the person who carries out this service called "Assembler", "Installer" or "Fitter" and is his service called "Assembly", "Installation" or "Fitting"? Are the words interchangeable? Do they have different connotations? Are there other contexts where they are not interchangeable? | 1 |
I am searching for math competitions for college students. Of course I am familiar with Putnam, but I am looking for a lower ranking competition. Either US-national or regional (South/Texas). I tried this list but my first three links were stale. So I thought I ask a live audience. If you have organized such competitions for your students I would like to hear your reviews and rankings. Also, if you have used high school-level competitions for university students I would like to hear your views about that as well. | 1 |
I've been pondering over a questions from a while. Please forgive me if I am being too naive. We all know that because of Pauli's exclusion principle no two electrons can populate one state. This prevents the electrons from being collapsed into nucleus, as explained here from the anti-symmetric nature of their wave functions, also as explained in a comment by ACuriousMind. Is there any simple man perspective (classical analogue/picture) why there should be any such principle in the first place? | 1 |
One of my relatives had a probability question that they asked me that was a little puzzling... What do you think? Can anyone explain how to do a problem like this? A container has six yellow marbles and nine black marbles. Ruth and Dave each start taking a marble. They choose these marbles at random and Ruth was the first to draw a marble. If they do not replace any of the marbles, until one of them get's a yellow marble. What is the probability that Dave will be the one to draw the yellow marble. If anyone could explain how to do a problem like this, that would be great. Thanks! | 1 |
Just like the previous question, Even I have been studying Hawking's A Brief History Of Time and even I was thinking of Einstein's General Relativity. But I was unable to accept his view of GRAVITY. I have been working on a theory which needs that Gravity effects Light. And so my question is that, Is there any kind of mass for Light? as it was being effected by Gravity? Excuse me if any mistakes were done. Plzz answer me. | 1 |
I am in a serious doubt about it. Consider a battery of emf E and we connect it to an inductor. Initially the switch is open, now we close the switch. My question is: What mechanism happens just after closing the switch? When we close the switch, the electric field produced in the conductor by the battery causes the electron to flow in the inductor. As the electrons flow inside the inductor, the flux changes and an emf is induced, my question is that how is this induced emf Ldi/dt is equal to the external emf e, not simply by saying Kirchoff voltage law but by the mechanism happening that it should be E only? | 1 |
How do molecules absorb and retain heat, and how is that heat able to still affect nearby molecules? On Venus there is a green-house effect where the large, dense Carbon-Dioxide atmosphere absorbs heat from the sun and traps it- but how does that occur? What is the interaction between light and a molecule which causes heat to transfer and be trapped? Thanks for your time! Sincerely, Sigismund | 1 |
In AmEng vernacular, is the word tab specific to restaurant and bar checks, or can it also be used for hotel bills? E.g. Guest: We'll be checking out early tomorrow morning, so if it isn't too much trouble, I'd like to close out my account right now. May I get the tab, please? Front Desk: Certainly, Mr. Smith. Just one moment, please. I'll print it out for you. tab: A creditor's statement: bill, check M-W chiefly US and Canadian A bill, esp. one for a meal or drinks Collins English Dictionary informal, chiefly North American A restaurant bill: the waiter brought three drinks and a new tab ODO | 1 |
I would appreciate any suggestions for book or notes on ANT at a level that I would characterize as advanced beginner. I.e., something assuming familiarity with topics in Dummit & Foote, that is a little less than Samuel or Marcus. I would especially like accessible discussions of topics such as fractional ideals, ramification, and ideal classes. Any suggestions would be appreciated. (I have seen several enthusiastic endorsements of Stewart and Tall.) Thanks. | 1 |
There are words to modify justifications or reasons given. One means "the real motive", and the other means "a plausible explanation, but not the true motivator". I searched quite a bit, but was unable to find anything. I think one of the words is like "obstinate", but not that, and now that it's in my head, it's all I can bring to mind... Does anyone know the words I am trying to think of? | 1 |
I wrote this sentence: Living a busy life, full of stress, sweat and sacrifice, can make us think that we are actually doing something worthy with our lives. Which is actually saying is that being busy can give us the illusion of doing something worthy with our lives. Is it clear enough or ambiguous (is it possible for the reader to misunderstand this sentence as "being busy really makes our lives worthy"?)? | 1 |
This question is a follow-up of Macro: Replace all occurrences of a word, but I would like the same for different colours, that is to have different pre-defined sets of text strings which will be coloured in a predefined way, where the colour depends on the set they are in. Requirement: Each string should be able to include spaces and/or punctuation marks (e.g. a string could be foo's foo doesn't foo). Edit: I was asked to provide a MWE, and while I was making one, suddenly I achieved an answer which I failed in creating before. Trial-and-error-and-trial-and-success. | 1 |
This answer of mine has been strongly criticized on the ground that it is no more than a philosophical blabbering. Well, it may well be. But people seem to be of the opinion that HUP alone does not ensure randomness and you need Bell's theorem and other features for the randomness in QM. However, I still believe it is the HUP which is all one needs to appreciate the probabilistic feature of QM. Bell's theorem or other such results reinforces this probabilistic view only. I am very much curious to know the right answer. | 1 |
They most often come as advice on how to solve problems that seem the reverse of what would be expected: In order to think of a solution you must stop thinking about the problem. In order to be a good leader you must know when not to give orders. I'm sure there must be a name in rhetoric at least, they often have the quality of being immediately pleasing or slightly amusing in the same way a joke or a pun does. Sort of like a stronger form of antithesis that goes beyond putting opposites together and suggests the opposite is actually the solution. | 1 |
I am wondering if someone could provide me with additional information with regard to the so called Yale sparse matrix format, other that what can be already found here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse_matrix In particular, which specific programms make use of it? Which (research or practical) goals does it achieve as compared with other options? Can it be considered a standard way to make a sparse matrix out of a dense one? Thnaks in advance. | 1 |
Consider the situation when a cell of an unknown emf is being measured using a potentiometer. We slide the jockey so as to obtain the null point. Now, is there any current in the potentiometer wire at the null point? Since we know that there is no current in the arm containing the unknown cell, its terminals have acquired equal potentials,how is it possible that there is any current in the potentiometer wire when that is in parallel to that cell. Potential difference across AB= Potential difference across CD? | 1 |
Oxford defines "close" thus: Adj (With reference to a competitive situation) won or likely to be won by only a small amount or distance: "the race will be a close contest" "she finished a close second" My question: Based on the same sense of the word, can I describe the 'difference' or the 'differential' between two numbers or amounts of something as 'close'. For example: The differential between what you owe and the credit you have is close. The difference between their numbers of followers on Twitter is close. Does this sound nearly native? If not, what would be? I know we usually say "small difference" but I wonder if 'close' would be more effective, especially in the second sentence. | 1 |
I was wondering if Quantum Fluctuations are completely unpredictable, but do our observations tell us if these fluctuations happen evenly through space or are there regions where more quantum fluctuations occur than others? If they are completely unpredictable and are forming at specific places, could this be reasoned why they are being created in these areas MORE than in other areas of our universe? If possible can you present any observations or any evidence, for your answer? | 1 |
I would like to learn exterior algebra, wedge product and geometric product along with their applications in physics. Is there a good source you can recommend? Should I study differential geometry in order to grasp them? I started studying tensor analysis but even the concept of contravariance and covariance is not explained well enough in most of the textbooks. I would be grateful if you point at a source that guides one well and assumes no prior knowledge of the topics except calculus and linear algebra. | 1 |
The dot is placed in a position that is relative to the other dots and the timing as to when the item was posted I'm okay with the first half of this sentence (the part before and). I'm wondering if the second half is a legitimate ellipsis here. If so, how does it interact with the first half? In other words, what could be the full form of the entire sentence? | 1 |
I'm writing a document in which I need to state that my work is unsupervised instead of supervised. I have thought in these two sentences, but don't know whether they are correct, or whether is there a better one to explain this situation. "from an unsupervised decision making point of view" "with an unsupervised decision making approach" also, what's the correct way, "decision making" or "decision-making"? | 1 |
Should I use a comma before the word who? This sentence is confusing me: I made this blog because I want to help all of the other people who have problems that are similar to mine. If I did use a comma in that sentence, then what would be the benefits & disadvantages? In what cases should a comma be put before the word who? | 1 |
In granulometry, say I have a tube with an heterogeneous mix of particles of different sizes (sand and stones, by instance). The tube is vertical in the usual gravity field and is placed in the air. If I randomly shake the tube, the smallest particles will eventually be at the bottom, and the largest ones at the top. So the particles are now sorted by size. Why? A friend of mine considers a volume of the bottom part of the tube has a greater density (or mass) than of the top's. And denser things go downward. I consider however, by shaking the particles, small ones can fall through the space left between larger ones. What is the correct explanation? | 1 |
What is the word that means a 'what if' phrase? In a college course, I vaguely remember, the instructor wrote a word on the board that loosely meant or perhaps described any sentence that was a what-if statement. If I remember correctly it was essentially a word for classes of phrases, like say an appositive phrase. It was a more technical word, not something common like hypothetical, and for the life of me I can't recall it. Any help would be much appreciated. | 1 |
If a set is closed and open, it may be bounded (e.g., the empty set), or it may be unbounded (e.g., the set of real numbers). But what about a closed set that is not open? Such as: a singleton a set of finite points a closed interval the union of a finite collection of closed intervals the nonempty intersection of an arbitrary (possibly infinite) collection of closed intervals These are all examples of closed, non-open sets, and they are all bounded. Prove that if a set is closed and non-open, then it is bounded; or disprove by providing an example of a closed, non-open set that is unbounded. | 1 |
I plan on asking my professor what he meant by "average continuous function," but as it is possible that this is a concept as vague as the statement, I was hoping to get some interesting answers/interpretations from stack exchange first. How do you think of the average of some infinite group of things? Or does this just mean that the real line is so dense/big that it is somehow likely that a function would bounce around everywhere except on some countable number of points? I'm sorry this is vague, I will be sure to post his response if I get a good one. I would also appreciate any resources or reading; googling around hasn't been fruitful. | 1 |
In a global company, I often need to address someone in another country without knowing his/her gender in emails with a third person or with a group of people. It's awkward and inefficient to spell his/her name every time in reference of this person, especially if it's a long name. The only solution seems to find out the person's gender after all. If I have to do so, using emails only, Should I ask someone who knows him/her or should I ask the person directly? Personally I feel awful to approach the person with this kind of questions. How should the question be worded to be appropriate? Examples? Please indicate the culture background of the answer if you don't mind. | 1 |
I"m attempting to efficiently describe a threshold of when someone has moved from being a consumer to a contributor. My context is a church setting. I'm responsible for drafting a description of the different barriers or thresholds a person encounters or crosses in the process of integrating into a local congregation. Here is what I have developed so far: The first threshold is called resonance. This is the process of tentative agreement with the beliefs of the church, initial trust of the church leadership and sensing that this is a place where one can develop rewarding relationships. The next threshold is participating in a class or small group and volunteering. I had hoped to find a word with some weight or vibe like "resonance." Perhaps induct? | 1 |
There are three generations of electrons, neutrinos, and quarks. The second and third generations of electrons and quarks are unstable and decay into lighter particles. Why are there exactly three generations? Is it possible that there are more generations of increasingly massive and unstable particles that we aren't able to discover yet (for instance, at higher energy levels that we are capable of), or is there some known reason why it has to be exactly (and can't be more than) three? edit: in addition to the link above, I also found this question helpful: What Do We Get From Having Higher Generations of Particles? | 1 |
There is a quantity known as scattering cross section which is given as a function of frequency. It means the ratio of the scattered power by the particle to the ratio of the incident power on the particle. Is radar cross section the same thing as scattering cross section? Some electromagnetic solvers (like CST studio) give radar cross section and absorption cross section only, so I guess it should be the same as scattering cross section. | 1 |
When using quantifiers, it is probably important to pick up certain habits that veterans agree upon as early as possible. Since it was pointed out to me by a highly esteemed member that it's sometimes better style to avoid quantifiers, I was wondering what the convention is with respect to when to use them and when to avoid them. Since they are logically equivalent to the words spelled out in plain English but do it in less space, I was under the impression it would never really hurt to use them, but that is probably a naive view to take, so I'm looking for some advice there. | 1 |
Several trade products, especially food, have been named after their places of origin throughout the centuries. To mention just a few, champagne, after Champagne, France. calico, after Calicut, India cashmere, after Kashmir, India/Pakistan port, after Oporto, Portugal muslin, after Mosul, Iraq alsatian (a German shephard) after Alsace, France china (tableware), after China canary, Canary Islands spa, after Spa, Belgium Is there, in linguistics, a phrase or term for naming something after its place of origin? Edit - Re Tim's answer, although most of them are trade products, the term I'm looking for also includes animals, behaviors, recipes, etc. | 1 |
I have a probability book (for actuarial exam preparation) and the author states as an assumption that "if the probability space is rectangular" in order to show two random variables are independent: I could not understand why we need this assumption, so I looked at my math stats book, and it appears the author here does not mention the rectangular region assumption: What is to be made of this? | 1 |
What is the job title or name for people who creates content for a social media website to drive traffic. For example, a new social media site wants viewers so they have a small group of people who are content experts write posts and answer other posts. They may or may not be paid. Options I've got so far: Volunteers, moderators, early adopters, betas... For the record, I don't like these options... | 1 |
I'm a little confused on what to answer to this: Determine whether the function floor(x) is big omega of x. The above function holds for integers but not for real numbers. According to the definition of big omega x could be either real or integer so I'm unsure what is the right answer although I've seen that the solution is that it does hold according to some online solutions. Could somebody explain the correct answer for this? Could I say on my answer that it holds for integers and not for reals? I'm taking a basic course on discrete math so I'm relatively new to this concept, thanks for your help. | 1 |
This is a follow up question to the link below: Remote bibliography I have the same problem, I can't use a bib file from Google drive. I'm sure I'm running Biber and biblatex, because if I use a local location it works just fine. Yet Biber wouldn't find the remote bib file... What I'm not so sure of is whether I'm getting the URL correctly. What I did was make the for public and the downloaded it after which I could get a URL. That was the URL I used. Is that the correct way to obtain the correct URL? | 1 |
The Wikipedia article on deep inelastic scattering suggests that the experiment shows baryons have three point of deflections (corresponding to three quarks) and mesons have two points of deflection. How are the electrons fired in this experiment being detected, and how exactly do the two or three points of deflection appear in the data? Are they fired at a target consisting entirely of baryons, or are collisions with non-baryons somehow filtered from the data? | 1 |
In Carroll's we read ...The Unruh effect teaches us the most important lesson of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) in curved spacetime, the idea that "vacuum" and "particles" are observer-dependent notions rather than fundamental concepts. I wonder are we talking about the same observer or two different observers using two different frames? Put it another way, can the same observer who observed nothing using a frame detect a thermal spectrum if switched to another frame that is uniformly accelerating with respect to his previous frame? Does it apply both ways? I mean if an observer detects particles, does this observant-dependent notion of particle content of a given state, implies that he can switch to another frame in the blink of an eye, and detect nothing? | 1 |
Blue is perceived darker than yellow by the human eye, because of biological principles within the eye. I can understand that therefore, when making a picture black&white in software like Adobe Photoshop, the software takes this perceptual information into account. However, in very old analog photographs, blue also appears darker than yellow. What is the reason for this? Is this just a lucky coincidence of the chemistry of the photographic film? Or is blue in some way really darker than yellow? | 1 |
Here is a sentence, slightly modified to be generic, for an award. My supervisor insists that the sentence is incorrectly written, although I cannot spot the error. ...the person was located and after XXX, BOB was immediately deployed to the frigid river to render assistance. Bob expertly directed the recovery of the severely hypothermic survivor and provided critical medical care enroute to XXX Hospital, saving her life. Sure, there are other ways to write it, but space is an issue and I feel this is the most effective way of writing the sentence. I was given the advice that it might be a dangling participle, but I am not sure it is. Thoughts? | 1 |
Is photon interaction , electrostatic interaction outside the nucleus and gravitational interaction is all due to electromagnetic waves ? and CAN be identified as with the de Broglie waves ? I thought of a theory in which is assuming that photon interaction , electrostatic interaction outside the nucleus and gravitational interaction is all due to electromagnetic waves and can be identified as with the de Broglie waves in order to explain how the force of gravitation act between particles . So can this assumption stand a chance of being theoretically and experimentally correct . Please add your comments regarding this in your answer and please explain why or why not . | 1 |
Adobe Typekit fonts install themselves in application fontlists (Word, InDesign etc.) but do not install in the Mac Fontbook. They are rented so this is their way of enforcing licence terms. Since they are effectively hidden in the directory structure, I cannot find a way of using them in Latex documents with the fontspec package. Has anyone managed to work around this and use them with fontspec?? | 1 |
I'm just going to use the standard article class to create my slides manually. The question is, what pagesize is appropriate, and why? Should I take into account my projector's resolution and/or the laptop's resolution? How should I set a custom pagesize, in case I need a substandard one? Actually: I used a projector at school once and gave a presentation of slides created with Beamer. It worked fine (although I'm not sure I could have improved the resolution to better fit the projector/laptop). How can I bring the default Beamer pagesize over to the article class? That might work too. | 1 |
Mica is a good conductor of heat but an electrical insulator. According to free electron theory (which applies only to metals) free electrons carry heat and electricity. Therefore, thermal conductivity is directly proportional electrical conductivity. What about dielectric materials? In the case of mica, it conducts heat but not electricity, so what are the carriers responsible for this behavior. If the are electrons as they are in metals then why they don't carry electricity too? | 1 |
Having a tad bit trying to prove this question, Show that the set of reflections is a complete conjugacy class in the euclidean group E. Also, do the same for the set of half-turns and inversions. For the first set (reflections), I have that the set of reflections is a complete conjugacy class in E because the conjugates of a reflection are reflections with a translated, rotated and reflected mirror plane. Hence, the conjugate closure of a singleton containing a reflection is the whole E group. (This I got from some definitions). I don't know quite how to prove the question. Any help would be great or any suggestions. Thanks in advance. | 1 |
I'm trying to find the fixed point for the system (see document attached) but it seems so hard and I don't know what Im doing wrong. Can somebody help me with this. I need to find the to look for the value where the bifurcation occur (for that process i need to evaluate the jacobian matrix for the system on the fixed points and the looks for the delta, which is really easy) but this is the only part where I'm stuck. Please see document attached | 1 |
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