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This question is related to Compiling documents online. I store my LaTeX documents in a git repository on GitHub. Is there a web service which offers a post-commit hook for GitHub which automatically fetches my document and compiles it? For example, ReadTheDocs provides compilation for documentation of Python projects stored in GitHub repositories; the documentation is fetched and compiled after each commit to the repository. | 1 |
I cannot think of any single word that means a person's life changed for the worse. While there are many phrases, i.e. fallen heroes for good guy turned bad, or take a turn for the worse, turning to the dark side,I cannot think of a single word that describes this phenomenon. An example would be in my subjective opinion, how Lindsey Lohan a child star took drugs as she grew older or Harvey becoming Two-face in Batman. The sentence structure should be: He/She __________. And they would get the idea that their life turned bad or took a change for the worse. | 1 |
I've started studied eigenvalues and eigenvectors. If there is a transformation T: V->V I can find out a matrix of T with fixed basis and characteristic polynomial of T. With this characteristic polynomial of T, I can find out eigenvalues and eigenvectors Does this mean that this transformation T: V->V has eigenvalues and eigenvectors? And, If there is a transformation T: S->V, S is a subspace of V. then Matrix of T is not square, and therefore I can not find out characteristic polynomial. Does this imply that there exists no eigenvalues and eigenvectors under Transformation from subspace into Space ? | 1 |
While working on a menial task in front of a clock today I was distracting myself by proving that all three hands only align twice a day. That lead me to wonder how one would deal with more complex problems involving modulo arithmetic. I know several rules for reducing equations involving all sorts of operators from simple addition up through very complex triple integrals and the like. But, I never learned any rules for manipulating the modulo operator. What are valid operations that can be used to reduce equataions involving multiple modulo operators? | 1 |
Having taken none of the prerequisite rigorous treatments of mathematics during my undergrad years, I feel at a disadvantage to the people in my major what do have that analysis/abstract math background, I always find myself struggling to understand those more rigorous papers that use concepts from real/complex analysis, topology, set theory and the slew of abstract math concepts that you don't typically see in engineering at an undergrad level. What sources are especially good for starting to understand more rigorous math and why are they good? I specifically deal with controls, stability of dynamical systems and probability, so any books that are especially good for those fields are even better. | 1 |
I remember at more than one university math department there being a set of glass cabinets with a number of physical models of surfaces. They were all algebraic varieties on the reals (of limited degree). I am looking for a reference (online or physical book) for a systematic listing that would show images of these surfaces. I looked at the Mathematica site but it seemed to only have polynomial functions. Is there an online or library reference for these? | 1 |
I think of mathematical objects as individual things that exist by their own (either abstractly or concretely) and can be represented mathematically. When thinking of subsets, I'm in doubt if they are really mathematical objects because they must be related to something (a set) to exist and be called subsets. If they are not related to anything, they are just sets, mathematical objects for sure. So, are subsets really mathematical objects? | 1 |
I am learning about the degree of algebraic sets. I know the definition from Wikipedia, but it is not too clear to me what it is. Could someone possibly explain to me exactly what property the degree of an algebraic set does capture, or how I should think about it? PS: This was part of another question of mine, Basic question regarding degrees of algebraic sets, but I thought that maybe it would be better to ask this separately. | 1 |
You are walking around a circle with an equal number of zeroes and ones on its boundary. Show with induction that there will always be a point you can choose so that if you walk from that point in a clockwise direction, you will always have seen at least as many zeroes as you have ones. So, suppose the P(k) case holds. In the next case, where an extra one and an extra zero is added, I can see that the old path will suffice so long as you will encounter the extra zero before the extra one. But what about in the other situation, if you encounter the extra one before the extra zero? | 1 |
The four words"weakness", "shortcoming", "demerit" and "defect" are four words shared with the similar meanings. In the dictionary, "weakness" and "shortcoming" have more to do with one's characer, while "demerit" and "defect" are used in a general sense. However, in this sentence, "The ___in David's character has hindered him from advancing in his character." Why the correct answer was said to be "defect" rather than the other three? | 1 |
Does the word nationalism specifically imply a feeling of kindred superiority in a secular sense? For instance, if country X opposes themselves to country Y based on religious practice or reasons, would we still refer to country X's behavior as nationalism? In this scenario let us assume country X has no issue with a third country where the same religion is practiced as in country Y. What if country X's claim to their homeland is based on a religious belief, would any behaviors which would have been classified as nationalism now be called something else? | 1 |
My question is about the interact mode in Asymptote. On a OS X terminal, I type asy -v <name-of-file>.asy and go to the interact mode. A window containing the relevant picture shows up. After playing around, I have worked out an appropriate camera position and I would like to use the camera position that the picture is currently set in. Is this possible? In other words, how do I recover some data about the camera position? /p/s/ Although this question is a priori TeX related, the end application I have in mind is inclusion into a document I am writing using LaTeX. :-) | 1 |
I was searching for information about the original novel "House of Cards" and from following site, in the middile of the page, there's sentence which compliment Kevin Spicey as shown below(http://www.michaeldobbs.com/house-of-cards/): He's not only one of the most talented actors of our age but kind, too. I don't think the "Kind" here means Spacey's a nice guy, I guess it might imply that he's a good actor of "man kind" (our kind)? I couldn't find any sentence with similar structure as an example to support my guess, so please anyone can explan to me the real meaning of the word "kind" here, better with some example, thanks. | 1 |
Commonly seen in physics(and statistics) are the concepts of moments of order zero(mass), one(center of mass), and two(moment of inertia). In statistics a third moment (referred to as skewness) also exists and is used. Actually, mathematically the moment can (of order n) be simplified to an operation in the form of: Once I look at this equation it begs the question: what if n is a ratio. What could be some physical applications of this fractional-order moment? | 1 |
I will not in any case kick the ball. I will in any case not kick the ball. I in any case will not kick the ball. I will not kick in any case the ball. I think only the fourth one is wrong, and all of the others seem fine to me. Please tell me if there are any wrong ones (and why), because after looking at them for so long, I just lost my sense of English. Also, please tell me if some of them have to be used with commas like below: I, in any case, will not kick the ball. | 1 |
I have a set A with three elements. I'd like to express another set B in terms of a limited number of elements (two in this example) from set A. In this case I realize that there would be a number of possible B sets, but I'm interested in expressing that B could be any of those sets. Alternatively, set C which is one of the possible B sets. Is this possible, or should I be looking for some other notation than set theory? | 1 |
I understand the electrons in circuit travel down the path of least resistance, however are electrons attracted by the emission of virtual photons emitted by a source with relatively low electron concentration or positively charged? Thus, relating this to a battery in a circuit, does an anode (in electron-flow notation) emit an electrostatic potential force that attracts electrons, aside from the path of least resistance? I am a bit new to physics, so if my question seems silly or wrong, please explain why. | 1 |
All these classical ideas are pointless and obsolete today, because in quantum mechanics, the particles are completely different objects, defined by quantum motion of fields, not by the location of classical points (at least not in a causal field picture). The notion of a point particle was replaced by the more subtle notion of a quantum point particle, which has a probability amplitude to be at various places. This quantum point particle can reproduce the quantum field if it is allowed to go backward and forward in time. Ron Maimon That was quoted by Ron Maimon. From this - Can I gather that in reality, particles travel backward and forward in time or, is this just a mathematical expression or model? | 1 |
While searching for the meaning I got this: Workaround - a method for overcoming a problem or limitation in a program or system. Which means almost the same as "solution". So, can we use "workaround to this" instead of "solution to this" in a sentence? For example, This issue is getting more complicated. I want a workaround to this. Math is not real fun unless you have the workaround to these equations. Is it okay to use this combination in a sentence? Does it hold a different meaning? And what are the other precautions? | 1 |
Assume that I am advertising that a payment will be asked only if we actually execute a given job right, and I say: "if we don't do it right, we have been working for free" "if we won't do it right, we have been working for free" "if we don't do it right, we would have been working for free" Can you tell me what is the most effective and correct way to express (advertise) the idea (especially the correct choice of verbs), and are the above sentences wrong ? | 1 |
It is postulated by many cosmologists that at the Big Bang time the universe was in an unusual low entropy state. Does this claim specifically mean that the entropy of the initial universe was zero? Is zero-entropy state unique for given physical laws? Is it possible that entropy was growing always so that only difference in entropy has physical meaning rather than absolute value? Was there ever negative entropy state? | 1 |
It is certainly possible to create a mapping between hierarchies and some of the fractals: http://davis.wpi.edu/~matt/courses/fractals/trees.html According to wikipedia it is possible to deviate from the original fractal formula: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_subdivision_rule , so my (not so) educated guess would be that it is possible to write subdivision rules to display any kind of hierarchical data. By some of the non-hierarchical graphs we are lucky, since we can use clustering to make them more or less hierarchical and we can probably use the same rule inside the clusters: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale-free_network#Hierarchical_network_model So my question is: Is it possible in theory to use fractals or subdivision rules to display random network data (which I guess cannot be clustered efficiently)? | 1 |
I saw a lot of usage of machinery, mechanism, to be used with similar meaning as techniques, ways, methods,.... For example, my math teacher said the machinery in the proof of some theorem is not heavy. Mechanism is also used to describe how something works. I have actually been confused if they can mostly be exchangeable. Also are there similar terms that can be used in this kind of scenario? PS: I have asked similar questions before here, but the post got closed. cerberus encouraged me to ask again. | 1 |
How far apart do scientists estimate was/were the dying star(s) that supplied the elements that comprise our sun, planet, and us? With stars so far apart and expansion of space (as I understand it) carrying things further away still, it would seem to be a low probability occurrence for sufficient quantities of elements blown out from across many light years to accumulate to birth a star system. And another related question, it would seem that when a star went supernova and blew heavier elements in all directions, that would result in mass densities for future star nurseries far away from the dead parent that were much lower than what the parent had, so won't favorable conditions for star births monotonically decrease? | 1 |
Possible Duplicate: Capitalising a sentence whose first word is explicitly lowercase Should I change the structure of a sentence/add filler words to make sure that the sentence always starts with a capital letter? In programming language documentation, it is common for keywords to appear in titles. Assuming that the keyword is strictly lowercase in the language, how should that keyword be capitalized if it is used as the first word in a title? For example: int int is used to specify an integer type. -- or -- Int int is used to specify an integer type. | 1 |
I want to describe a recurring situation that happens in the modern day when people craft an email that is "perfect" in that person's mind, and they end up re-reading the sent message over and over. Maybe they are re-reading the email because they are satisfied that all the details are covered, or to appreciate the email's conciseness and focus, or even appreciate the tone and word choice. Relish is the closest I've found, but since I'm describing a person who enjoys the written word, I would hope there is a way to phrase it in a way that is more poetic to the situation. E.g. the word or phrase itself should have special meaning, intellectual or otherwise, to writers. | 1 |
What is "the thing that, in its simplest form, has a receiver and a button, and we use to open the door when somebody rings the door bell" called in English? When I'm speaking English I almost always ask somebody to answer the door or I answer the door myself but today I was thinking, what is that "thing" exactly called, is it a "Door Answerer" or an Intercom? In my native language, it is called 'AiPhone' or 'EF-EF'. | 1 |
Would it be proper to use a valediction ("complimentary close") in a newspaper or magazine message wholly devoted to congratulating the media's readers with the New Year or some other holiday? An example message from the staff of a made-up media: Dear readers! From the bottom of our hearts we... Yours sincerely, Russian Industrial News' editorial staff. Or are valedictions more fit for personal communication? P.S. In Russia, such congratulatory newspaper messages are ended with a no-frills bottom-positioned line like "Editorial staff of [name of media]." I became curious whether this would work in an English-language media, or should one add something to embellish the ending. | 1 |
As you know, graphs can be factorized in their component subgraphs, factors such as eventually semilattices, and so on. I would like to know about the precise nature of the relation that might hold (if any) between such graph decomposition(s) and the (unique) factorization of an integer number in its prime constituents. Is there any known theorem regulating such an alleged relation? Thanks in advance (examples are welcome). | 1 |
Is there a word that means accessible to all? Possibly starting with "omni"? Specifically, to describe information: information that could be accessed by anyone is [omni...] "Public" would be a reasonable description, but perhaps there are similar words. The problem is that "public" information is not necessarily accessible. Scientific journals are public, but are not necessarily free to access. Books are public, but not everyone can access a library, etc. I suppose it doesn't have to be a specific word. I wanted a convenient term for describing the kind of information that does not currently exist: information that in an ideal world everyone could get to (Edited in response to the many valid comments) | 1 |
Is there any reference (book/review article etc.) where the physics of heavy ion collisions is overviewed? To be absolutely clear about things, I am looking for a introductory review which covers the physics aspects of the progression through the following stages stable nuclei fireball quark-gluon plasma formation (cooling) hadronization hadron interactions and decay final observable particles (leptons, photons etc.) with special emphasis on parameters like time for these stages, relevant temperatures, particle densities etc. Apparently all the literature I have scanned through talks about bits and parts, a comprehensive big picture is unclear to me largely. | 1 |
I came across this phrase in school and I became quite confused with whether it should be seen as a personification or not. It may be a collocation but does that mean it can't be a personification? 'Gathering' to me usually entails the getting together of people/ animals (animate) so if it is placed next to something that is inanimate (Storm clouds), do we automatically classify it as a personification? | 1 |
NASA published a computer generated black hole image. In the image you can clearly see the event horizon and the light of background stars graduating from "smeared" to normal. However, between the event horizon and the smeared stars there is an area which looks rather normal. Why is this? If the smear is due to gravitational force, it should start right from the event horizon across the image, and not after some seemingly random distance. | 1 |
A very basic question of mine: Whenever I read a proof I am able to remember it only for a couple of months. But I really want to remember it for at least one year or so if not more. Is it the natural way or is it that once you read a proof of a theorem you are able to recollect it even after a few years I am feeling quite frustrated in this regard because for an interview in Mathematics the interview committee asks all the basic proofs involved in solving any given problem What should I do? I know that there are many Mathematicians here who are able to share some thoughts on this topic | 1 |
I'm willing to teach some software for high school students next summer, I have chosen Mathematica. What other scientific software could I teach to high school students? (Matlab and Maple don't offer much if they know Mathematica). Does Microsoft Excel offer anything that will help with the teaching of mathematics? What about middle school students? what should they learn? is Logo suitable for them or for high school students? | 1 |
Each of the following sets spans a subspace of the complex vector space of all functions from C to C. (Here the scalar field is C, not R.) In each case find a basis for the subspace and prove it is a basis; state the dimension. exp iz; cos z;sin z exp iz; cosh z;sinh z i posted a similar question before, but this is in the Complex field and not real. someone please explain how to prove this? | 1 |
I was browsing through KHAN Academy videos when I met the one which Explained why SSA is not a Congruency postutate. But I had this Diagram in my Mind(Different from the video) Click Here to see diagram Sorry that I cannot embed the image, as I have insufficient reputation Here AC = PR, BC = QR, ANGLE A = ANGLE P Now I feel that this information is enough to prove the Triangles congruent but my Book has no mention of it. Please Explain | 1 |
When a person sees the word LaTeX the first time, they are likely to think of a rubber material whose name is simply typed with a weird choice of uppercase letters. This strange name leads to much confusion (even ridiculing) and is thus not the best choice from a branding perspective. Is there a good historical reason why, of all letter combinations you could put in front of TeX, Lamport had to choose La? Because of his own name? In other words, why is it called LaTeX? | 1 |
Suppose one constructs a dialogue in which a second participant is clearly there just to provide ballast while the first participant (the author) promotes a point of view. You could refer to the second as a stooge, a prop etc. But I'm looking for an adjective, and "the stoogy guy" doesn't sound all that learned. (-: A better noun than 'stooge' might lead to a good adjective, but all I really need is the adjective. | 1 |
I just stumbled over the verb "to wake", which according to various sources has two valid forms for the past tense: "woke" and "waked". Some further research stated, that there seem to be two (Old / Middle) English verbs - one strong, one weak - today's "wake" stems from, hence the two forms for past tense: waken, meaning to cease to sleep and wakien, meaning to stay awake, keep watch Now, as there are two origins, I'm wondering: Are there (subtle?) differences in meaning when using "woke" or "waked" today? | 1 |
I have a follow up question to this question: Should you use a comma/period after "Thanks"/"Regards" in email signatures? My question is: when should you add a comma when starting a letter/email with Hello John, It was fun to see ... I am pretty sure that a comma goes after the name, but lately I have seen several people (academics) write Hello, John, It was fun to see ... with a comma after the Hello. I am wondering when a comma there is appropriate. I see this question Where should the comma be placed in the salutation of a letter? but I am wondering about the situation where you have a comma after the name also. | 1 |
Wiktionary reads: concinnity: The harmonious reinforcement of the various parts of a work of art. Call it corporate social responsibility at work if you wish, but we simply think that under Howard Shultz's inspired and inspiring leadership Starbucks is just a damned well-managed company that has achieved the concinnity that distinguishes companies operating under the nontraditional FoE business model. (Google Book's source) Since I don't have OED access, can anybody say from where this metaphorical usage of the noun 'concinnity' comes? And what is, precisely, its meaning in non-literary contexts? P.S. Considering the relevance of this word in an economics context, I tagged this question by 'economics' tag. | 1 |
Looking at this page about Bibtex I see that the article entry should be used when the work has been published in a journal or in a magazine. Suppose that I have a small manual/guide, which probably has not been published, but which totally looks like an article (in the classic Latex meaning), then I can't use the article entry in Bibtex because the journal is a mandatory field. What kind of entry should one use in these cases? | 1 |
Suppose a metal ring is suspended inside a vertical inductor (with an elastic string ) when the circuit is open. When the circuit is closed, does the metal ring tend to jump up or fall down? Why? I tried to check the magnetic polarities. Initially similar polarities seem to be induced on the near sides of the ring and the end of the inductor, like S-S and N-N, so there will be repulsion at both ends. In such a case what should the motion of the metal ring be? | 1 |
In a text about properties of aerogel I read some interesting facts - clothes with aerogel proved to be impractical, being far too warm to wear. If you isolated a house with aerogel and lit a candle in one of the rooms, after a few days the house would become too hot to live in, just accumulating the candle heat. What properties (thermal mechanics?) of aerogel allow it to be this good a thermal isolator? Would a sealed box made of aerogel work just as well maintaining the temperature of enclosed (solid) items in void - with no air inside the box? | 1 |
I am writing a text which I will review later again and want to comment out only a part of a line (in between), something like this: Once upon a time, there was %in some galaxy far away% a nice and cute rabbit... When I review it again, I could decide if it is better to include that part or not. Is it possible to do such a thing? | 1 |
I've just learned a word forbear which means to abstain from something or refrain from something. It was fine until that point, but the moment I learned the meaning of forbearance, I was confused because it had tolerance as its synonym. When forbearance is used to mean tolerance, is it implied that enforcement is what is abstained from? Then, why did it happen? Why did it become to also mean tolerance, not just abstaining from something? | 1 |
Is it possible to extract any particular ion ( either positive or negative ) from ionized gas ( or plasma ) without spending any kind of energy for doing so. I want to design a system for my weekend project where I can separate out positive and negative ions from an ionized gas container, thus leaving behind only one kind of a charge in the container. | 1 |
Across the world summer is a season of the year and we all talk about 'the summer' - do you have plans for the summer ? etc. But In America it is often taken to refer to the period of college vacation when students take temporary employment etc. e.g. She did charity work over the summer. This would not imply necessarily the climatic summer season, so much as the college vacation. It is my belief that we do not use summer in this way in Britain, unless we say something like What are you doing over the summer break? Can anyone supply further insight into this different nuance which is placed on what is simply a season of the year? | 1 |
Let K be the class of all finite groups. Show that it is not a variety (closed under H, S, and P) and therefore not an equational class. It sounds pretty reasonable that K is closed under H and S. I guess you can create some direct product leading to an infinite group then, but why is it so? Shouldn't every direct product of finite groups again be finite? Of course, I have an uncountable amount of finite groups, but still I have to end at some point for my product.. and it should therefore again be finite. | 1 |
If you have a sealed container partially-filled with water and then flip it upside down, the water will fall to the base under gravity. Would it be possible to increase the internal gas pressure sufficiently to stop this from happening? As in, could you have a gas pressure exert enough force onto the water to keep it from moving? Obviously would need a very strong container etc. | 1 |
First part: The question is both about the continuity of the water vortex(whirlpool) to vortex in air in time and in space. About continuity in time,does the vortex of the water slowly produce a vortex in the air because the vortex at the surface of the water(circle) causes frictional forces on the air molecules and thus makes them move in a circle(on the boundary of water-air) and because air is a continuous medium it also creates a vortex? Second part: When does a vortex stop?And why(detailed explanation if possible-my knowledge in fluid mechanics go as far as the navier-stokes equations)? | 1 |
It's just a matter of angle-chasing to show the following: Extend the sides of a convex quadrilateral. Draw the in-circles of the triangles (open or not) defined by an original side and the extended adjacent sides. Their centres are concyclic. Having produced the first cyclic quadrilateral we can iterate the construction. Playing with Geometer's Sketchpad suggests that, if we begin with any even-sided cyclic polygon and perform the same construction, the in-circle centres will always define a cyclic polygon. Am I right? Can anyone prove/disprove the conjecture? By dissecting the polygons into quadrilaterals sharing a vertex we can show that alternate angle sums are equal, a condition sufficient in the case of the quadrilateral itself but I suspect not in the general case. | 1 |
The usual question and answer seem to be of the form What do you want to be when you grow up? I want to be a singer when I grow up. Should it not be What do you want to be when you have grown up? I want to be a singer when I have grown up. Here we have interpreted grow up as the process at whose end one becomes a singer. Should the first pair be considered correct simply because of its accepted usage, or is there an alternative explanation for this? | 1 |
I'm looking for a professional-context appropriate synonym for the word "a lot", but with the additional expression of "each contributes only a little" For example, To fill up that vat you'd need a crapload of tennis balls. Here "crapload" implies that each individual tennis ball is actually worthless on it's own. Where the vat is big, "crapload" serves to color the sentence. Unfortunately "crapload" is unprofessional. "A lot" is just colorless. Suggestions? | 1 |
I'm looking for a phrase like "transcendental language", but meaning eloquent rather than other-worldly. In particular, I want to refer to a [literary] sketch as "_ language". This sketch is A Gotham Reverie by Fanny Fern, in which a prostitute is referred to [revealed as a prostitute] in very abstract terms, such as "her name was Magdalen" (I'm paraphrasing), "her own unrelenting, unforgiving sex", etc. | 1 |
Yet another a part of Circular Staircase, by Mary Rinehart: "Not out in the hall!" she gasped; "Oh, Miss Rachel, not out in the hall!" trying to hold me back. But I am a large woman and Liddy is small. We got to the door, somehow, and Liddy held a brass andiron, which it was all she could do to lift, let alone brain anybody with. I listened, and, hearing nothing, opened the door a little and peered into the hall. Are any words omitted in the sentence that includes let alone brain anybody with? Something looks missing from this sentence. | 1 |
It is well known, that a human being can not imagine new colors which are not obtainable by just combining the already known ones (red, green and blue). Actually I can draw parallels to physics and may ask you: Imagine a new physical quantity, which you must not obtain from simply combining any of the already known ones and without using anything you have ever experienced in your live. But how would you find a new physical dimension, which you have never experienced in any way? Wouldn't this be like to imagine a new color? Are we thus somehow bound to never know everything, not because we have too little time or possibilities, but because it literally lies beyond our imagination? insert dramatic music | 1 |
Please have a look at this sentence: "Multiple citations of my work during the short time since their publication indicate its quality." Here work is referring to many publications. I have a tough time reviewing a statement particularly because of this sentence. Is this sentence grammatically correct? I mean are "their" and "its" used correctly here? Should it be "... indicate their quality"? But that's not right because of work?! How about "works"?! The mix of "their" and "its" is very confusing. | 1 |
I'm reading a book on description logic and I found white and black squares at the end of some paragraphs. I would think they stand for Q.E.D., but since there are two types used in one book, I believe the black square states for something else. What could it be? Is there some convention for it? (I checked and there is no list with explanation of symbols used in the book). | 1 |
For rental agencies and companies, the cars owned would be a fleet. Several cars escorting a VIP would be a motorcade. However, what if I want to say: I dislike being the lone driver in an empty stretch of highway, so I may end up speeding to get from the [group of cars] behind me to the [group of cars] in front. Is there a good collective noun that would apply to this situation? Or would it be a matter of choosing a general term, like group, cluster, block etc. | 1 |
Working with Kirchhoff's rules, I am attempting to device an algorithmic approach to finding the unknowns of the problems, I am of a Computer Science background and I am finding it difficult to identify proper closed loops within the circuit and I am curious if there is a generalized pice of sudo code applicable to these problems, or perhaps a matlab or sympy script available? | 1 |
Although I feel the answer to the following question is negative, I can't get any precise results neither find anything to read. The question is: Would a complete oracle from some level of arithmetical hierarchy anyhow boost the complexity classes, in terms of complexity? For example, would a P machine with halting problem oracle be able to solve anything from EXPTIME? Or LOGSPACE machine with the same oracle to solve something from PSPACE? Thank you. | 1 |
This is something that has always bugged me. I am never sure where to place the question mark, or whether to place it at all when the end of the sentence does not finish with a question, or a number of questions from the begining For example: The question nagging me is to what extent can we encapsulate all what we observe in nature into a set of simple computational rules, within which we can leverage our existing knowledge. Should the final full-stop (period) be replaced by a question mark? Or perhaps even the comma? | 1 |
I'm interested in the size of atoms (extent of the outermost electron cloud), in particular its cross-sectional area and how it scales by increasing Z. (I trust that this won't be affected much by the number of neutrons?) I recognize that for a given atom/ion one can simply look up the data, but I'm interested in a more 'first-principles' kind of view. The distances of electrons in given orbitals is not constant across different atoms, since as the nucleus gains protons the orbitals tend to get crushed somewhat closer I believe. (In fact my final goal will be to determine scattering for charged particles, which is based on much more than the geometry, but I became interested in this particular subproblem apart from that ultimate question.) | 1 |
Usually when I read about AdS/CFT complementarity as a particular case of the Holographic principle, it suggests that physics evolution on a boundary has a map to physics evolution on the bulk. But what of sort of boundaries does this apply? I've usually seen it applied where the event horizon is the boundary and the outside space is the bulk. But does it hold for imaginary boundaries as well, like the typical Gaussian surfaces one consider to study Maxwell equations as well? If not, what special properties needs to satisfy the boundary so that the holographic principle holds? | 1 |
Possible Duplicate: Set table position to top My document (book) has text and floats. There is not enough text, so that all floats can be placed before the text finishes. Then pdfLaTeX puts the remaining float right in the middle of an otherwise empty page. This does not look good. Is there a way to position these floats at the top of the page instead in the middle? Placement specifiers are already given [t]. Also combinations of [h,t,!,H] don't help. | 1 |
Possible Duplicate: What do you call words that look like a negation but are not? I found these poor orphaned words that only exist through the life-giving quality of their affix: feckless, ruthless, unruly, inept, dishevelled, dismayed, disgruntled I'm sure there are more. They have the familiar appearance of antonyms... Antonyms to something that doesn't exist. It's as if they've lost their positive attitude. Do these words have a common name? How did they get this way? They all have standard english affixes with known meaning, so it seems like they should be able to stand on their own. Were the original words lost? Is there a list of these recognized words somewhere? | 1 |
When my hair gets long I start doing a little flick of my head occasionally to get my hair out of my eyes. This grows into a habit though, and for the first few days after cutting my hair I end up doing to same action. Interestingly enough when I have short hair I feel physical pain. How come the same action hurts when I have short hair, but feels completely natural when my hair is long? | 1 |
Possible Duplicate: Maxwell's Demon Constant (information-energy equivalence) I was reading: Demonic device converts information to energy : Experiment inspired by a paradox tempts a bead uphill. Its good to see conservation of energy is violated. :) I want to know more about it. What other resources are available (that doesn't involve too much math). Especially, I want to see that beed experiment. Are there any demonstrations available on net? EDIT: I did learn more about maxwell's daemon from this: | 1 |
Does corona discharge charged insulator? I draw a diagram to make it simpler to understand. Electrons form negative side is accelerated due to electric field and accumulate on insulator surface. Gas on the positive side was ionize giving off electrons and flow to positive terminal. Am I understanding this correctly, When I place plastic sheet between HV terminals and when I remove plastic sheet I got an electric shock, so I think corona discharge might charge plastic sheet. | 1 |
Possible Duplicate: How to preserve hyperlinks in included pdf? After I merge PDF documents with pdflatex and pdfpages as described here, the URL-s are either broken (PDF files from OpenOffice), or their colorbox is missing (hyperref), or if they span over two lines only the information from the first line is kept (the original PDF was correct). Can this be fixed? Or is it a known issue? | 1 |
I'm using memoir class to write a novel. As it is widely known, writer comments inside novel characters' dialogues are usually enclosed between long dashes which in turn are written as a triple dash in LaTeX. However I'm experiencing trouble when those long dashes (which always follow or precede a word with no space between) are near a linebreak: breaking word is not hyphenated most of the time and thus the line exceed the break margin. How can this be fixed? | 1 |
I'm writing a scene in which I wish to describe a typical street beggar - his way of dressing in particular. Check for example such a dude as the one below I could use descriptions such as: snobbish, dirty, bizarre, rugged, barbaric, etc but feel those are not adequate to building a picture of a beggar in the minds of my readers. I want words that would describe a sort of beggar that typically, you'd wish to avoid - one very pitiful, but also repugnant? What words or phrases would you use for such a description? | 1 |
I just played a game from the start to the end of main story, there are many other challenges in the game left untouched, so I think I can't say 'game completed', can I? I know the following possible candidates 'completed' 'ended' 'walked through' 'cleared'(well, in Japan they use this word) But I'm not satisfied with these ones, what is(are) the right word(s) to describe that I have seen the outro of a game? Thanks in advance. | 1 |
While it is fairly established that both fast movement and the presence of gravity make time pass slower as compared to a system at rest / free of gravity, does that mean that there is no way for time to pass faster than in vacuum, or does general relativity also have "faster" metrics? To be more precise, is there any frame into which one could go for a while, and on returning to vacuum less time would have passed there? | 1 |
Some of the distant galaxies appear to be receding from us faster than the speed of light due to stretch of the space between us and those galaxies. By an analogy with the ant on a rope paradox, the light emitted from those galaxies can actually reach us. Is it true that, at one point of time, those galaxies suddenly disappear from our view, and then after sufficiently large times (which may be more than the lifetime of the universe), they come into view again? And by the same reasoning, would more previously hidden galaxies will become visible at some time? | 1 |
Hello I am new to operational research and would like help classify the following transport problem. I have a model which simulates a taxi like service, it a has a range of inputs that can be changed (no. vehicles, starting times, vehicle capacity etc) and then the model spits out a set of outputs (time spent idol, time spent travelling with passengers, time passengers spend waiting) which I apply some kind of associated cost to both the inputs and the outputs. What kind of techniques would you apply to this problem so that I can minimise the total cost? I imagine some algorithm would iteratively run the model and adjust the inputs and measure the outputs to form the data. However this is just my uneducated guess. | 1 |
I read the "Catcher in the rye" and I found it difficult book for not native reader (Compared to for example Steve Jobs biography. There is a lot of guessing what the author means by particular sentence. Context : "Her mother belonged to the same club we did," I said. "I used to caddy once in a while, just to make some dough. I caddy'd for her mother a couple of times. She went around in about a hundred and seventy, for nine holes." I wonder what the main character refer to by : She went around in about a hundred and seventy, for nine holes. Are the numbers refer to numbers in golf? What does : "Go around" means here ? | 1 |
As I understood, we choose to mark the current with arrows going from the plus pole to the minus pole (even though we know that in reality it is the contrary). As I'm looking at electric circuits, I notice that arrows for generators are going from the minus pole to the plus pole, and that for resistors it is the contrary (for the voltage) How do someone determine the direction of voltage arrows in a circuit? Is there a physical reason to choose a direction or the other? If, for example, I choose to use the red notation to mark my circuit, what's the reason behind this? Giving one notation for the generator, how am I supposed to mark my resistor? | 1 |
When I use the calculator to get the result of this integral I get a decimal number. However, in my calculus book, as shown on the picture, the answer was represented using some trig symbols! Is there is a way to show the same result, but not in decimal only? I want to use symbols like pi or sin to represent my answer. Just like my book. could it be done using the calculator? | 1 |
There are many different types of fields such as electron field, magnetic field, higgs field, electric field, quarks field etc, my question is do these fields interact directly with each other? Particle can form when the field becomes excited and different particles may interact with each other directly. Electric field and magnetic field are interacting with one another to become photon right? Or photon is the excitation of electromagnetic field which is a standalone field from others? | 1 |
Certain disciplines, generally called pseudosciences, falsely claim that they make actionable truthful statements about observable objective reality. Examples are astrology, homeopathy, psychiatry. How would you call a sincere practitioner (not a researcher/populariser) of such a discipline? Not "charlatan" - the perpetrator is as deluded as the victim. Not "pseudo-scientist" - just like a practicing surgeon would not be called a "scientist": this term seems to imply "original contribution" to the discipline as opposed to simply "plying the trade". | 1 |
Is there strong supporting evidence of discrete electron shells or orbitals surrounding atomic nuclei? I realize the math works out and we have energy frequencies emitted, perhaps even atomic diameter measurements. But these still seem indirect and allow for other possible explanations. Is there direct experimental evidence for these? The orbitals concept is always shown almost as fact, not theory, so wondering what experiments must support such strong conclusions and don't mention any other alternatives? | 1 |
I'm a pretty bad fellow myself,' the stranger remarked, 'but Macfarlane is the boy - Toddy Macfarlane I call him. Toddy, order your friend another glass.' Or it might be, 'Toddy, you jump up and shut the door.' 'Toddy hates me,' he said again. 'Oh yes, Toddy, you do!' The extract is taken from the Body Snatcher by Robert L. Stevenson. Toddy seems to be just a name, but this word may insinuate another meaning in the above situations. And Macfarlane is the boy, which means he is 'worse' than the speaker? | 1 |
I was looking for a characterization of the dimension of an nvs using Heine Borel theorem. suppose i have a Compact operator between an Hilbert space and itself, i want to proof that the autospace generated by the eigenvectors associated to one eigenvalues (i'll call it A_L) is finite dimensional. I know from the previous theorems and lemmas that A_L is closed, now my question is: if i show that the orthonormal base of A_L is bounded, precompact therefore compact, is it finite dimension? | 1 |
I want to compare the time that it takes to slide a particle in a frictionless hypocycloid curve, so time would be given by the arclength divided by the velocity So I need first compute the arclength of the hypocycloid curve, but in general the arclength is given by And by conservation of energy, velocity is given by Substituting in the integral results Solving the indefinite integral results in So now I would just substitute the function y corresponding to the hypocycloid curve Is my reasoning right? Then finally to compare times I would just make a graph of the time functions corresponding to the brachistochrone and the hypocycloid | 1 |
I know how to prove that the Riemann integral of a function does not change if one point of the function is changed. However, extending that result to a finite set by use of induction is something I have struggled to prove. I just need a hint as to how I should start off the proof. Looking forward to an exchange of ideas. An answer I found for a single point is given below. | 1 |
Here is a literally-quoted passage from Martyrs in Paradise: Woman of Mass Destruction by Terry Reese Downing: "How nice of you. And thank you," she again was appreciative. "My pleasure. Go back to rest and sleep. Let me know if you needed something and don't hesitate to wake me up," he told her. Is the use of past tense common in these kind of contexts? Does the use of past here get the point across in a less direct way? | 1 |
I would like to express, in one word, the tendency to concentrate excessively rather than disperse. This is applied in a sentence where I describe a set of data, which has too much focus on one aspect and miss out on other aspects. For this I use the word "constringences". The results collected and presented earlier are limited by ambiguities, paradoxes and constringences. However, it seems some dictionaries do not know constringence, while others do. So is it a word or isn't it? | 1 |
I read the following sentence in a newspaper about a restaurateur's reasons for abolishing tipping: "Many of the owners other reasons sound like the typical complaints of British tourists, who are perpetually confused by whom to pay and how much." "By" preceding the use of "whom" does not sound right to me. For me the word "by" introduces the performer of an action, whereas I always thought "whom" refers to an object. This must be good English as it was in reputable newspaper, so can anyone explain how this makes sense? | 1 |
I'm trying to find a way to describe improving the Signal to Noise ratio of a communication/message succinctly. Using the entire phrase over and over gets clunky. Phrases that are close, but don't have as much of a technical connotation as I would like: "Tuning" as in tuning a radio "Demunge," but it implies the message is scrambled, and I think it's programmer jargon anyway | 1 |
Common phrases are draw drapes or shades, draw a bath (pull water?), draw a conclusion (out of someone) and other uses of pull. Why does draw mean pull? It becomes confusing when something that had a visualizable meaning - pulling drapes across a window - has been extended to something that does not make sense - turning Venetian blinds from the open position to closed position. How did this happen? | 1 |
Is there an english word fitting the longer description 'the visible part of something as seen right now' or 'the thing as it can be understood as of this time'? The word 'Impression' seems to cover this somewhat, but it has the added baggage of being someones opinion, rather than describing the factual state something has, as well as having a different meaning of being a physical depression of an object on another object. Is there an alternative? | 1 |
I want to produce two versions of a book, one with footnotes and the other with endnotes. I'm using the endnote package to convert the footnotes to endnotes to produce the second version. But I need to alter the text on the heading and get the headers on each page to look the same for the endnotes as the other chapters in the book. For example, currently the heading says "Notes", say I wish to change this to "Myheading which is underlined" and then have "something else" appear in the headers of the pages on which the endnotes themselves appear. Is there a simple way to do this? Thanks | 1 |
From a Bibtex file I want to create a References section where each reference has its own abstract. For the abstract, I'm using abstract.bst mentioned in another question. I am using Lyx. When I generate the bookmarks, it only references the start of the References section. This is no good because I want to able to skim the abstracts and also have the document in a printable/shareable form. How do I generate the bookmarks with a bibtex file such that it creates a bookmark for each reference? Also, I don't consider this question Lyx-specific. | 1 |
Find one possible pair of values for x and y. If x,y and x-y are two-digit numbers. x is a square number, y is a cube number and x-y is a prime number. Is it as easy as I am thinking it is? Or I am trying to complicate things by looking for the equations here. The simplest way I can see is to write down all these two-digit numbers and then choose on possible option. But, is it?? | 1 |
Edited version. If an electrical charge like a lightning bolt seeks ground (think of a lightning's rod's purpose), and if all matter is seeking ground (gravitational pull), and if all energy and all matter are various forms of vibration (electromagnetic spectrum), what is the likelihood that all forms of energy are directly or at least indirectly also seeking ground? I'm just looking for an energy's basic common behaviors with other energy (and matter) Specifically I'm thinking of mechanical (vibrational) energy once it attaches itself to an object. Thanks, | 1 |
Every algorithm I've found so far begins by computing st numberings, which in turn requires a biconnected graph in order to work with an arbitrary vertex pair (s, t). In the following graph, edges [A, B], [F, G] and [H, I] violate the i < j < k property of an st numbering: https://i.stack.imgur.com/XQmju.png It can obviously be planar, but how is the embedding computed? | 1 |
Is this double/triple negative grammatically sound? Ordered operations require that space on disk is allocated sequentially, so spatial ordering corresponds to chronology of operations, but actual disk writes need not to be neither atomic nor ordered. Explanation: Words neither and nor emphasize on the fact that both conditions are (independently) allowed to remain unsatisfied, that both are optional. To be more formal, "need not be atomic and need not be ordered". But then again, it becomes a concoction of two negations joined by a conjunction. | 1 |
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