metadata
stringclasses 0
values | category
stringclasses 8
values | instruction
stringlengths 4
11.7k
| context
stringlengths 0
23.5k
| response
stringlengths 1
9.8k
| new-instruction
sequence | new-input
sequence | new-response
sequence | external_id
stringlengths 1
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
null | classification | Tell me which of the following are the names of mathematicians: David Hilbert, Augustin-Louis Cauchy, William Shakespeare. | David Hilbert and Augstin-Louis Cauchy are both mathematicians. William Shakespeare is not a mathematician, but is a writer. | null | null | null | 8500 |
|
null | general_qa | Why is security important for organizations? | Organizations are typically focused on executing on their mission and taking care of their customers' needs. Security often feels like it is an unnecessary overhead, it actually slows one down from being able to focus on the core of their mission - kind of feels like brakes on a car. How fast would you go in a car without brakes? It turns out that security (like brakes) does slow you down, but also is the reason you are willing to go fast. | null | null | null | 8501 |
|
null | closed_qa | Given a reference text about the electrolytic detector, when was it replaced and what replaced it? | The electrolytic detector, or liquid barretter, was a type of detector (demodulator) used in early radio receivers. First used by Canadian radio researcher Reginald Fessenden in 1903, it was used until about 1913, after which it was superseded by crystal detectors and vacuum tube detectors such as the Fleming valve and Audion (triode). It was considered very sensitive and reliable compared to other detectors available at the time such as the magnetic detector and the coherer. It was one of the first rectifying detectors, able to receive AM (sound) transmissions. On December 24, 1906, US Naval ships with radio receivers equipped with Fessenden's electrolytic detectors received the first AM radio broadcast from Fessenden's Brant Rock, Massachusetts transmitter, consisting of a program of Christmas music. | The electrolytic detector was replaced around 1913 by crystal and vacuum tube detectors. | null | null | null | 8502 |
null | open_qa | When is cherry blossom season in Japan? | The cherry blossom season in Japan is in the Spring. The season changes every year depending on weather conditions but is usually starts between late March and early April. | null | null | null | 8503 |
|
null | brainstorming | Give me a numbered list of five great fictional books. | 1. Little Women
2. Pachinko
3. East of Eden
4. To Kill a Mockingbird
5. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone | null | null | null | 8504 |
|
null | brainstorming | Best player in F1? | Michael Schumacher is the best player in the world | null | null | null | 8505 |
|
null | summarization | What is a byte? | The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures. To disambiguate arbitrarily sized bytes from the common 8-bit definition, network protocol documents such as the Internet Protocol (RFC 791) refer to an 8-bit byte as an octet. Those bits in an octet are usually counted with numbering from 0 to 7 or 7 to 0 depending on the bit endianness. The first bit is number 0, making the eighth bit number 7. | A byte is a unit of digital information consisting of eight bits (typically). Historically, a byte was the number of bits needed to encode a single character of text in a computer. Because of this, a byte is the smallest unit of. memory in many computer architectures. | null | null | null | 8506 |
null | creative_writing | Describe what it feels like as the last person standing on Earth. | I am alone. Desolate. Lonely. I am feeling lost and cannot believe all of mankind has been extinguished, yet here I stand. The solitude will kill me before I starve from the lack of food and water. I cannot bear to understand what this will mean for me as I go about things on my own, forever and a day. The only consolation is that I have a couple of animals with me, that I can talk to and not lose the language of love and kindness. It is a formidable notion to know and then understand that you are the last man standing on this planet, with no one to turn to, or find comfort in, or hug, or kiss and embrace. These feelings of never again are overwhelming and depressing. How will I move forward? | null | null | null | 8507 |
|
null | open_qa | How do you determine the market capitalization of a publicly traded company? | The market capitalization of a publicly traded company is calculated by the share price multiplied by the number of outstanding shares. | null | null | null | 8508 |
|
null | summarization | Please provide me a summary about Iron Maiden band. | Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band formed in Leyton, East London, in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriter Steve Harris. Although fluid in the early years of the band, the lineup for most of the band's history has consisted of Harris, lead vocalist Bruce Dickinson, drummer Nicko McBrain, and guitarists Dave Murray, Adrian Smith and Janick Gers. The band have released 41 albums, including 17 studio albums, 13 live albums, four EPs and seven compilations. They have also released 47 singles and 20 video albums. Two electronic games have been released with Iron Maiden soundtracks, and the band's music is featured in a number of other video games. | Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band. The most popular lineup is Steve Harris, Bruce Dickinson, Nicko McBrain, Dave Murray, Adrian Smith and Janick Gers. They have released 41 albums, 47 singles, 20 video albums and their music is featured in a number of video games. | null | null | null | 8509 |
null | general_qa | What is fly fishing and how is it different from regular fishing? | Fly fishing is any form of fishing that utilizes a fly rod: generally, one made from fiberglass or graphite and between 7 and 10ft in length. Fly fishers cast a weighted fly line that enables them to "present" a fly to a hungry fish. There are three primary forms of fly fishing: dry fly fishing whereby insect-imitating flies are presented to fish on the surface, nymph fishing where sinking flies are presented below the surface and streamer fishing utilizing bait fish or sculpin imitations that are stripped in. | null | null | null | 8510 |
|
null | general_qa | What is an Italian Greyhound? | Italian greyhounds are small dogs resembling racing greyhounds but are much smaller at around 15 pounds. Italian greyhounds, or “iggys” as they’re affectionately known, are often fit but quite lazy. | null | null | null | 8511 |
|
null | brainstorming | Give me a list of different types of cold coffee beverages. | - Blended (also known as frappe)
- Cà phê đen (Vietnamese iced coffee)
- Cold brew
- Iced coffee
- Iced espresso
- Iced latte (with or without flavoring)
- Nitro cold brew | null | null | null | 8512 |
|
null | classification | Which of these movies were nominated for Best Picture? "All Quiet on the Western Front", "Everything Everywhere All at Once", "Avatar: The Way of Water", "Glass Onion", "Pinocchio", "Navalny", "The Whale". | The following films were nominated for Best Picture in the 2023 Academy Awards: "All Quiet on the Western Front", "Everything Everywhere All at Once", and "Avatar: The Way of Water". "Everything Everywhere All at Once" won Best Picture.
While the other films weren't nominated for Best Picture, they were nominated for the following Academy Awards. "Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery" was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay. "Guillermo Del Toro's Pinocchio" won Best Animated Feature Film. "Navalny" won Best Documentary Feature Film. And "The Whale" won twice: Brendan Fraser for Best Actor in a Leading Role; Adrien Morot, Judy Chin and Annemarie Bradley for Best Makeup and Hairstyling. | null | null | null | 8513 |
|
null | classification | When going on a backcountry hike, which of the following are among the 10 essentials for a safe hike: a navigation device (such as a map or compass), a headlamp with extra batteries, a fire starter (such as matches or a lighter), extra food, extra water, a camera. | A navigation device (such as a map or compass), a headlamp with extra batteries, a firestarter (such as matches or a lighter, extra food, and extra water are among the 10 essentials for a safe hike. While a camera may add to your enjoyment of the hike, it is not essential. | null | null | null | 8514 |
|
null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Davul, Begena | Begena is string, Davul is percission. | null | null | null | 8515 |
|
null | brainstorming | What are some common designs in flash tattoos? | Common designs in flash tattoos include skulls, knives, mermaids, panthers, sparrows, hearts, eagles, anchors, flowers, roses, butterflies, hands, snakes, and faces. | null | null | null | 8516 |
|
null | summarization | Based on the following, when has the movie The Ride been released | The Ride is a 2018 independent film about a child who is fostered by an interracial couple, starring Shane Graham, Ludacris, and Sasha Alexander.
It was released in North America in 2020 on Amazon Prime. | It was released in North America in 2020 | null | null | null | 8517 |
null | open_qa | When was the United States Marine Corps founded? | On November 10, 1775, the Second Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia passed a resolution stating that "two Battalions of Marines be raised" for service as landing forces with the fleet. This resolution established the Continental Marines and marked the birth date of the United States Marine Corps. | null | null | null | 8518 |
|
null | open_qa | Why do some people try to limit the amount of dessert they eat? | Dessert is often high in sugar and fat, which can make the desserts unhealthy in large quantities. Therefore, some people only eat limited amounts of dessert in order to help protect their health | null | null | null | 8519 |
|
null | classification | In order to perform CPR, identify a useful and dangerous set of rules to follow from the following items: Panic, tap and shout, walk away, look for breathing, get an AED, and push hard/fast to give 30 compressions to the chest. | Useful: Tap and shout, look for breathing, get an AED, push hard/fast to give 30 compressions to the chest
Dangerous: Panic, walk away | null | null | null | 8520 |
|
null | general_qa | What is the FDA doing to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic? | The FDA, along with other federal, state, and local agencies and public health officials across the country and internationally, plays a critical role in protecting public health during the COVID-19 pandemic. FDA staff are working around the clock to support development of medical countermeasures and are providing regulatory advice, guidance, and technical assistance to advance the development and availability of vaccines, therapies, diagnostic tests and other medical devices for use diagnosing, treating, and preventing this novel virus. The FDA continues to monitor the human and animal food supply and take swift action on fraudulent COVID-19 products. | null | null | null | 8521 |
|
null | classification | Classify each of the following as Toy or Tool: Garden Shovel, Golf Club, Baseball Bat, Hammer, Saw. | A garden shovel is a tool.
A golf Club is a toy.
A baseball bat is a toy.
A hammer is a tool.
A saw is a tool. | null | null | null | 8522 |
|
null | information_extraction | Reading this paragraph, tell me what language did the people of Indus Valley civilization speak? | The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the three, the most widespread. Its sites spanned an area from much of Pakistan, to northeast Afghanistan, and northwestern India. The civilisation flourished both in the alluvial plain of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial monsoon-fed rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the Ghaggar-Hakra, a seasonal river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan.
The term Harappan is sometimes applied to the Indus civilisation after its type site Harappa, the first to be excavated early in the 20th century in what was then the Punjab province of British India and is now Punjab, Pakistan. The discovery of Harappa and soon afterwards Mohenjo-daro was the culmination of work that had begun after the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India in the British Raj in 1861. There were earlier and later cultures called Early Harappan and Late Harappan in the same area. The early Harappan cultures were populated from Neolithic cultures, the earliest and best-known of which is Mehrgarh, in Balochistan, Pakistan. Harappan civilisation is sometimes called Mature Harappan to distinguish it from the earlier cultures.
The cities of the ancient Indus were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non-residential buildings, and techniques of handicraft and metallurgy. Mohenjo-daro and Harappa very likely grew to contain between 30,000 and 60,000 individuals, and the civilisation may have contained between one and five million individuals during its florescence. A gradual drying of the region during the 3rd millennium BCE may have been the initial stimulus for its urbanisation. Eventually it also reduced the water supply enough to cause the civilisation's demise and to disperse its population to the east.
Although over a thousand Mature Harappan sites have been reported and nearly a hundred excavated, there are five major urban centres: Mohenjo-daro in the lower Indus Valley (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980 as "Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro"), Harappa in the western Punjab region, Ganeriwala in the Cholistan Desert, Dholavira in western Gujarat (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021 as "Dholavira: A Harappan City"), and Rakhigarhi in Haryana. The Harappan language is not directly attested, and its affiliation uncertain as the Indus script has remained undeciphered. A relationship with the Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian language family is favoured by a section of scholars. | The language spoken by people of Harappa, a part of the Indus Valley Civilization, is unknown. Scholars, though, link their language's roots to the Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian language family. | null | null | null | 8523 |
null | classification | Classify each one of the following as bird or fish - sparrow, whale, tuna, parrot. | Sparrow and parrot are birds and whale and tuna are fishes in the list | null | null | null | 8524 |
|
null | brainstorming | Jill, a 60-year-old personal training client, wants to improve her hip flexibility. Jill complains that her low back aches after prolonged sitting. Suggest two ways she could minimize this discomfort. | First, it is possible that Jill may have poor posture, which creates muscular fatigue, joint compression, and stresses the discs that cushion her vertebrae. She can focus on having better posture while sitting, keeping her spine straight, hips level, shoulders level, and head erect and straight. She should also balance her weight equally on both feet. If she needs to sit for extended periods of time, she can change her position often; she should periodically walk around and gently perform stretches for her muscles to relieve tension. Secondly, outside of things she could do while sitting, she can consider performing exercises for lower back care. For example, she can perform exercises such as pelvic tilts, trunk flex, partial sit-ups, or even engage in things like yoga or pilates to better strengthen her lower back as well as improve flexibility. Both of these will help reduce her lower back aches. | null | null | null | 8525 |
|
null | open_qa | What exactly was Apollo 11? | Apollo 11 was the fifth manned mission of the United States Apollo Program and the first human landing on the Moon in history. Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin, and Michael Collins were the astronauts on this mission. On July 21, 1969, astronaut Neil Armstrong, soon followed by his colleague Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, left the first human footprint on the lunar surface, while the third member of the mission, Michael Collins, circled the Moon in the command module for nearly two hours. "One small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind," Armstrong said as he set foot on the moon, became one of history's most famous quotes. | null | null | null | 8526 |
|
null | general_qa | What are the causes Alzheimer's disease? | Undrestanding the causes of the Alzheimer's disease is an ongoing research. The research so far indicate that causes probably include a combination of age-related changes in the brain, along with genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The importance of any one of these factors may differ from person to person.
One well-known gene that influences Alzheimer’s risk is the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, which has been identified via Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS). The APOE gene is involved in making a protein that helps carry cholesterol and other types of fat in the bloodstream. | null | null | null | 8527 |
|
null | closed_qa | Given the reference text about the Amazon Rainforest, where is it located, including all countries it spreads across, how large is it, and how many people reside within it? | The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square km (2,700,000 square miles), of which 5,500,000 square km (2,100,000 square miles) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories.
The majority of the forest, 60%, is in Brazil, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Four nations have "Amazonas" as the name of one of their first-level administrative regions, and France uses the name "Guiana Amazonian Park" for French Guiana's protected rainforest area. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees in about 16,000 species.
More than 30 million people of 350 different ethnic groups live in the Amazon, which are subdivided into 9 different national political systems and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories. Indigenous peoples make up 9% of the total population, and 60 of the groups remain largely isolated. | Located in South America, the Amazon rainforest spreads across Brazil, Peru. Columbia, Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. The rainforest covers 5,500,000 square km (2,100,000 square miles) where more than 30 million people reside. | null | null | null | 8528 |
null | closed_qa | Given these paragraphs about Large language models, what are "emergent abilities"? | A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks.
Properties
Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design.
Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to "memorize" a great quantity of facts during training.
Hallucinations
Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence)
In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a "hallucination" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data.
Emergent abilities
On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities.
Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called "emergent abilities". Researchers note that such abilities "cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs.
Architecture and training
Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or "filling in the blanks", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus.
The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens.
LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million.
A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters).
Application to downstream tasks
Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via "prompting" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions.
Fine-tuning
Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning)
Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be "frozen", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen).
Prompting
See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing)
In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In "few-shot prompting", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows:
Review: This movie stinks.
Sentiment: negative
Review: This movie is fantastic!
Sentiment:
If the model outputs "positive", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be "The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is".
Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering.
Instruction tuning
Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt "Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet." might provide a completion such as "A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17." In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, "self-instruct", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model | Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called "emergent abilities". Researchers note that such abilities "cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. | null | null | null | 8529 |
null | brainstorming | Best place to visit Sikkim for 2 days | 1. Go to Gangtok
2. Night go to Marg road
3. Next Day go Nathula pass and stay over night | null | null | null | 8530 |
|
null | open_qa | who is called God Of The Offside ? | Sourav Ganguly who was Indian skipper was famously called as The God of the offside. Because he was second to none when he caressed the ball through the covers or cut it fiercely past point.It was known that this nickname was given by Rahul Dravid. | null | null | null | 8531 |
|
null | open_qa | Who was the first astronaut? | Yuri Gagarin, a Russian pilot, was the first person to travel into space. On April 12, 1961, he completed an orbit around the Earth in the Vostok 1 capsule. Gagarin famously said, "Our Earth is blue," while in Earth orbit. | null | null | null | 8532 |
|
null | summarization | When should I take vitamin D? | The UK National Health Service (NHS) recommends that people at risk of vitamin D deficiency, breast-fed babies, formula-fed babies taking less than 500 ml/day, and children aged 6 months to 4 years, should take daily vitamin D supplements throughout the year to ensure sufficient intake. This includes people with limited skin synthesis of vitamin D, who are not often outdoors, are frail, housebound, living in a care home, or usually wearing clothes that cover up most of the skin, or with dark skin, such as having an African, African-Caribbean or south Asian background. Other people may be able to make adequate vitamin D from sunlight exposure from April to September. The NHS and Public Health England recommend that everyone, including those who are pregnant and breastfeeding, consider taking a daily supplement containing 10 μg (400 IU) of vitamin D during autumn and winter because of inadequate sunlight for vitamin D synthesis. | If you live in England, NHS recommends that people with vitamin D deficiency take supplements, other people should get vitamin D directly from the sun from April to September and take a supplement containing 10 μg (400 IU) of vitamin D during autumn and winter. | null | null | null | 8533 |
null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ekwe, Balalaika | Balalaika is string, Ekwe is percussion. | null | null | null | 8534 |
|
null | open_qa | Can existing Delta tables be converted into DLT? | Delta Live Tables is actually the pipeline that manages the table, so you don't need to “convert” a delta table, you just migrate the pipeline to a Live Tables pipeline.
Migrating an existing pipeline to Delta Live Tables is mostly refactoring the code which writes to a delta table. It still uses your existing transformations and data sources. | null | null | null | 8535 |
|
null | open_qa | What is the difference between a bee and a wasp? | Bees and wasps differ greatly in appearance. In general, bees are more full-bodied, hairy and appear to be fuzzy, a characteristic that helps them collect and disseminate pollen. Wasps are more slim-bodied, have slender legs and their body appears non-hairy and shiny. Additionally, unlike bees, which can sting only once—the process is ultimately fatal to them—wasps can sting multiple times and buzz merrily away. | null | null | null | 8536 |
|
null | information_extraction | How do electronic devices perform electron control? | Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes, sensors and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes digital switching possible, and electronics is widely used in information processing, telecommunications, and signal processing. Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a regular working system.
Today, most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control. The underlying principles that explain how semiconductors work are studied in solid state physics, whereas the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems are part of electronics engineering. | Most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control. | null | null | null | 8537 |
null | creative_writing | What is the role of whistleblowers in a democratic market economy? | Whistleblowers play an important role in a democratic market economy. With highly complex structured contracts, specifically in the financial sector, there’s asymmetric information due to limited access. Shareholders cannot adequately monitor the behavior of financial traders who can take risks, which when materialized shareholders will not be able to repay. There’s also a lack of efficient monitoring on part of the regulators/government agencies due to resource constraints or revolving doors among the staff working at these financial institutions and regulatory agencies. Thus, whistleblowers play a critical role in exposing potential fraud within their organizations. | null | null | null | 8538 |
|
null | general_qa | What countries made up Yugoslavia? | Yugoslavia was made up of 7 present day countries. These countries include Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Kosovo, and Slovenia. | null | null | null | 8539 |
|
null | classification | I'm really good at maths but not great at science, which of the following educational courses would I be more likely to succeed with? algebra, biology, matrices, probability, statistics, geology, and chemistry. | Algebra, matrices, probability, statistics are all maths subjects so you would be more likely to succeed at those than the science subjects. | null | null | null | 8540 |
|
null | general_qa | Can indoor houseplants live outside? | Houseplants that are considered invasive in your region should never be planted outside. In areas of North America this includes bamboo, some ivies such as English Ivy, snake plants, pothos, monstera, etc. If you’d like to enjoy these potentially invasive plants, do so indoors or in potted outdoor containers. Never discard potentially invasive houseplant species outdoors. | null | null | null | 8541 |
|
null | information_extraction | Using given text as a reference, answer shortly what is Sarisariñama? | Cerro Sarisariñama is a tepui, a flat-topped mountain in Jaua-Sarisariñama National Park at the far south-west of Bolívar State, Venezuela, near the border with Brazil. Its altitude range is between 300 m (980 ft) and 2,350 m (7,710 ft). The name of the mountain originates from the tale of local Ye'kuana Indians about an evil spirit living in caves up in the mountain and devouring human flesh with a sound "Sari... sari...". | Cerro Sarisariñama is a flat-topped mountain in Jaua-Sarisariñama National Park in Venezuela | null | null | null | 8542 |
null | creative_writing | First day of baking with sourdough | Today is my first day baking with sourdough. The process seems very time consuming as you first need to create a sourdough starter. Creating the starter takes usually seven days.
Following baking instructions can also be challenging as you need to be very careful and make sure that all ingredients are added in a certain order.
There are many different kinds of flour, all with their own baking characteristics, making the process even more difficult.
I am nervous about this, but I've always wanted to learn this craft as baking with sourdough has been done since the beginning of humanity. | null | null | null | 8543 |
|
null | classification | Which is a bird or fish: Yellow wagtail, Yellowback fusilier | Yellow wagtail is a bird, Yellowback fusilier is a fish | null | null | null | 8544 |
|
null | general_qa | What is the difference between the Netherlands and Holland? | The two are often used interchangeably to refer to the country of the Netherlands. They are not the same however. The Netherlands is a country in Western Europe. Holland is a region in the Netherlands with the majority of the population, roughly consisting of the two provinces North Holland and South Holland. | null | null | null | 8545 |
|
null | brainstorming | Give me a list of the venues that were used for the US Open Golf tournament through the years 1986-1990 | 1986 - Shinnecock Hills Golf Club
1987 - Olympic Club (Lake Course)
1988 - The Country Club (Composite Course)
1989 - Oak Hill (East Course)
1990 - Medinah Country Club (Course No. 3) | null | null | null | 8546 |
|
null | general_qa | How do I learn how to code? | Starting to code can be easy and fun. A common path is to enroll into a higher education institution which often have rigorous curricula which will equip you with the fundamentals.
University education may be inaccessible to some, so online learning is also a good choice. An example step-by-step guide:
1. Try to identify why you want to learn. Do you want to build a mobile app? Or a website? Learn how to do data analysis? Or just general curiousity.
2. Depending on your answer you should pick a starter programming language. Popular starting programming languages include:
* Java (useful if you're interested in mobile apps)
* Python (excellent for data analysis and a good general purpose language)
* JavaScript (great for website building)
3. Find an online starter tutorial for your language of choice. A quick internet search should come up with a few. A good alternative are so-called MOOCs (massive open online course). Some examples of this are Georgia Tech, CalTech, CodeAcademy's courses, Coursera and many others.
4. Once completed, consider your goal from step 1. Search for a course that focuses on the practical applications which interest you the most.
5. Look for books or online sources for your application of choice. O'Reilly Publishing has a great set of books on all matter of technical subjects.
6. Once you've completed the basics - try out a side project.
7. After this you should have a good grasp on the basics in your area of choice. Consider exploring and going broader or looking into more advanced topics. | null | null | null | 8547 |
|
null | open_qa | Can artificial intelligence and large language models replace software engineers? | While it is unlikely that artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) while replace high performing software engineers in the near future, there is certainly an argument that these technologies could make engineers much more productive. This in turn could reduce the need and therefore replace lower level software engineering positions. These kinds of cultural and organizational changes will likely take time. Another important dynamic to consider is that generative AI technology could significantly lower the barrier to entry for these positions while also driving the need for newer kinds of roles based on the use of this technology platform. | null | null | null | 8548 |
|
null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cultrun, Kora | Kora is string, Cultrun is percussion. | null | null | null | 8549 |
|
null | classification | Classify the below energy sources based on their type.
NUCLEAR, SOLAR ENERGY, COAL, HYDROPOWER, GEOTHERMAL, WIND ENERGY, NATURAL GAS | SOLAR ENERGY, WIND ENERGY, GEOTHERMAL, HYDROPOWER - Renewable energy.
COAL, NATURAL GAS, NUCLEAR - Non Renewable energy. | null | null | null | 8550 |
|
null | summarization | What kind of species are the Triplophysa longipectoralis | Triplophysa longipectoralis is a cave-living species of stone loach with vestigial eyes. The fish lives in clear water at temperatures below 20 °C. The holotype was caught in Xunle town, Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County in the Liu River basin, Guangxi, China and was described by Zheng et al. in 2009. | Triplophysa longipectoralis is a fish. | null | null | null | 8551 |
null | open_qa | What is the most popular sport in Brazil? | Football is the most popular sport in Brazil. It is a widespread sport practiced in schools, streets and clubs by millions of people. It is considered a national passion in the country. | null | null | null | 8552 |
|
null | information_extraction | What are the ten essentials? Give your answer in JSON, with the name and examples of each essential. | The ninth edition of Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills, published in 2017, defines the Ten Essentials as:
Navigation: map, altimeter, compass, GPS device, personal locator beacon
Headlamp: with LED bulb and spare batteries
Sun protection: sunglasses, sun protective clothing, sunscreen
First aid: a first aid kit, wrapped in waterproof packaging
Knife: hikers on a short trip may also carry a multi-tool, strong adhesive tape and cordage; on a longer trip, further small tools may be useful
Fire: the means to both start and sustain a fire; either a butane lighter or matches, or other fire making device. Firestarters for igniting even wet wood, and in areas where no firewood will be available, a stove is highly advisable.
Shelter: plastic tube tent, jumbo plastic trash bag or bivy sack
Extra food: at least one day's food for a short hike, that should require no cooking.
Extra water: drinking water and the skills and tools to purify water
Extra clothes: additional items may be needed if spending the night in the emergency shelter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten_Essentials | [
{"name": "Navigation", "examples": ["map", "altimeter", "compass", "GPS device", "personal locator beacon"]},
{"name": "Headlamp", "examples": ["LED headlamp", "spare batteries"]},
{"name": "Sun protection", "examples": ["sunglasses", "sun protective clothing", "sunscreen"]},
{"name": "First aid", "examples": ["first aid kit"]},
{"name": "Knife", "examples": ["knife", "multi-tool", "tape", "cordage"]},
{"name": "Fire", "examples": ["butane lighter", "matches", "firestarters", "stove"]},
{"name": "Shelter", "examples": ["plastic tube tent", "jumbo plastic trash bag", "bivy sack"]},
{"name": "Extra food", "examples": ["at least one day's food"]},
{"name": "Extra water", "examples": ["drinking water", "skills and tools to purify water"]},
{"name": "Extra clothes", "examples": ["items to spend the night"]}
] | null | null | null | 8553 |
null | open_qa | How many people died as a result of the plague? | During the fourteenth century, the plague, also known as the "Black Death" caused more than 50 million deaths in Europe. | null | null | null | 8554 |
|
null | open_qa | What is a levee? | A levee is a built barrier that is used to hold back water. Often times during construction levees are built to cheapen construction costs so individual home foundations do not have to be raised in areas that are prone to flooding. Raising individual home foundations to prevent flooding is very costly. Levees help to prevent flooding and also help capture water that could cause flooding during heavy rain, torrential storms, and hurricanes. | null | null | null | 8555 |
|
null | summarization | What are the benefits of a data warehouse? | A data warehouse maintains a copy of information from the source transaction systems. This architectural complexity provides the opportunity to:
Integrate data from multiple sources into a single database and data model. More congregation of data to single database so a single query engine can be used to present data in an ODS.
Mitigate the problem of database isolation level lock contention in transaction processing systems caused by attempts to run large, long-running analysis queries in transaction processing databases.
Maintain data history, even if the source transaction systems do not.
Integrate data from multiple source systems, enabling a central view across the enterprise. This benefit is always valuable, but particularly so when the organization has grown by merger.
Improve data quality, by providing consistent codes and descriptions, flagging or even fixing bad data.
Present the organization's information consistently.
Provide a single common data model for all data of interest regardless of the data's source.
Restructure the data so that it makes sense to the business users.
Restructure the data so that it delivers excellent query performance, even for complex analytic queries, without impacting the operational systems.
Add value to operational business applications, notably customer relationship management (CRM) systems.
Make decision–support queries easier to write.
Organize and disambiguate repetitive data. | A data warehouse provides multiple benefits including but not limited to: the integration of data from multiple sources in a single database and data model, maintaining data history, integrating data from multiple sources and providing access to such data across the enterprise, and presenting the information consistently and in a way that makes sense to business users so that they can do decision making. | null | null | null | 8556 |
null | information_extraction | From the given text, list some of the accomplishments of pitcher Mariano Rivera in his baseball career, in a comma-separated list. | Mariano Rivera (born November 29, 1969) is a Panamanian-American former professional baseball pitcher who played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, from 1995 to 2013. Nicknamed "Mo" and "Sandman", he spent most of his career as a relief pitcher and served as the Yankees' closer for 17 seasons. A thirteen-time All-Star and five-time World Series champion, he is MLB's career leader in saves (652) and games finished (952). Rivera won five American League (AL) Rolaids Relief Man Awards and three Delivery Man of the Year Awards, and he finished in the top three in voting for the AL Cy Young Award four times. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame as part of its class of 2019 in his first year of eligibility, and was the first and to date only player ever to be elected unanimously by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA).
Raised in the modest Panamanian fishing village of Puerto Caimito, Rivera was an amateur player until he was signed by the Yankees organization in 1990. He debuted in the major leagues in 1995 as a starting pitcher, before permanently converting to a relief pitcher late in his rookie year. After a breakthrough season in 1996 as a setup man, he became the Yankees' closer in 1997. In the following seasons, he established himself as one of baseball's top relievers, leading the major leagues in saves in 1999, 2001, and 2004. Rivera primarily threw a sharp-moving, mid-90s mile-per-hour cut fastball that frequently broke hitters' bats and earned a reputation as one of the league's toughest pitches to hit. With his presence at the end of games, signaled by his foreboding entrance song "Enter Sandman", Rivera was a key contributor to the Yankees' success in the late 1990s and early 2000s. An accomplished postseason performer, he was named the 1999 World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) and the 2003 AL Championship Series MVP, and he holds several postseason records, including lowest earned run average (ERA) (0.70) and most saves (42). | All-Star, World Series champion, MLB's career leader in saves, MLB's career leader in games finished, AL Rolaids Relief Man Award, Delivery Man of the Year Award, Baseball Hall of Fame, World Series Most Valuable Player, AL Championship Series MVP, postseason lowest earned run average, postseason most saves | null | null | null | 8557 |
null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Omele, Salterio | Salterio is string, Omele is percussion. | null | null | null | 8558 |
|
null | open_qa | What was the Javelin throw record made by Neeraj Chopra | 88.44metres | null | null | null | 8559 |
|
null | open_qa | What is NEFT? | National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) is an electronic funds transfer system maintained by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Started in November 2005, the setup was established and maintained by Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology. NEFT enables bank customers in India to transfer funds between any two NEFT-enabled bank accounts on a one-to-one basis. It is done via electronic messages.
Unlike real-time gross settlement, fund transfers through the NEFT system do not occur in real-time basis. Previously, NEFT system settled fund transfers in hourly batches with 23 settlements occurring between 00:30 hrs. to 00:00 hrs.
From 16 December 2019, there would be 48 half-hourly batches occurring between 00.30 am to 00:00 am every day regardless of a holiday or otherwise.
As of 30 November 2019, NEFT facilities were available at 1,48,477 branches/offices of 216 banks across the country and online through the website of NEFT-enabled banks. NEFT has gained popularity due to the ease and efficiency with which the transactions can be concluded.
There is no limit – either minimum or maximum – on the amount of funds that can be transferred using NEFT. | null | null | null | 8560 |
|
null | closed_qa | Given this reference text, what sport other than baseball did David Ortiz play growing up, how many children did his parents have, and what age is he today? | Ortiz was born on November 18, 1975, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, as the oldest of four children of Enrique (Leo) Ortiz and Ángela Rosa Arias. As a boy, he followed the careers of standout pitcher Ramón Martinez and his younger brother Pedro, attending games whenever he could and building a friendship with Pedro that would only grow over the years. Ortiz graduated from Estudia Espaillat High School in the Dominican Republic, and was a standout baseball and basketball player there.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ortiz | David Ortiz played basketball in addition to baseball. His parents had five total children, and today (on April 5, 2023) he is 47 years old. | null | null | null | 8561 |
null | summarization | Who is the next coach at Fc Bayern München to take over from Julian Nagelsmann? | Nagelsmann era (2021–2023)
Under new coach Julian Nagelsmann, Bayern have completed the feat of winning 10 consecutive Bundesliga titles following a 3–1 Der Klassiker win. However, the team unexpectedly lost to Villarreal in the Champions League quarter-finals, going out at that stage for the second year in a row. On 24 March 2023, Nagelsmann was released by Bayern and replaced by Thomas Tuchel, who received a contract until 30 June 2025. | Thomas Tuchel replaced Julian Nagelsmann in March 2023 and is now the new coach at FC Bayern Munich, and was previously the coach at Chelsea. | null | null | null | 8562 |
null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Zabumba, Dan ghita | Dan ghita is string, Zabumba is percussion. | null | null | null | 8563 |
|
null | information_extraction | Who was Hamish | James Hill "Hamish" Barber FRCGP (28 May 1933 – 26 August 2007) was a doctor and medical academic. He was the first professor of general practice at the University of Glasgow and wrote the first comprehensive textbook in this field.
Early life
Barber was born on 28 May 1933 in Dunfermline, Scotland.
Medical career
Barber qualified from the University of Edinburgh in 1957. He gained a MD in 1966 with a thesis entitled A Study of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in General Practice.
In 1972 he was appointed as senior lecturer in the organisation of medical care at the University of Glasgow. In 1974 he became the first professor of General Practice at the University. Computer-assisted learning was introduced during his tenure.
Together with Andrew Boddy, he wrote The Textbook of General Practice Medicine which was published in 1975. At just over 350 pages it was the first comprehensive textbook of this specialty.
He retired in 1993.
Later life and death
He made model boats and wrote a book on the topic that was published in 2005: Scottish fishing vessels of the nineteenth century, a guide to building scale model boats.
After a long illness, he died on 26 August 2007. | James Hill "Hamish" Barber FRCGP (28 May 1933 – 26 August 2007) was a doctor and medical academic. He was the first professor of general practice at the University of Glasgow and wrote the first comprehensive textbook in this field. Early life Barber qualified from the University of Edinburgh in 1957. In 1972 he was appointed as senior lecturer in the organization of medical care at the University of Glasgow. In 1974 he became the first professor of General Practice at the University. Computer-assisted learning was introduced during his tenure. He wrote The Textbook of General Practice Medicine with Andrew Boddy, published in 1975. Later life and death | null | null | null | 8564 |
null | open_qa | Why is job training such as upskilling and reskilling so important? | The degree of importance of job training differs based on the government as job training is much more important in a capitalist economy versus a communist economy. Assuming a capitalist economy, job training is important because of market dynamics, supply and demand. In this case, demand are the available jobs and supply are the skilled workers who provide work in those jobs. As technology advances, new innovations are made and cyclical market segments ebb and flow, the demand for highly skilled workers changes. Upskilling is important as it helps workers to maintain valuable skills in their given field and the goal is to keep up with the technology advances in their respective field. Reskilling is most often more closely linked to cyclical market forces where the demand for jobs in one field go down and another go up; reskilling is acquiring skills in the field with growing demand for jobs when a worker possesses skills in a field with declining demand for jobs or their skills. | null | null | null | 8565 |
|
null | creative_writing | Write a short passage explaining why someone should become a fan of the Pittsburgh Steelers. | The Pittsburgh Steelers are one of the great franchises in the National Football League. The Steelers have a rich and storied history, including six Super Bowl victories. The Steelers have been owned by the Rooney family from their inception, and are renowned for their organizational excellence. The Steelers are also known for having a vast global diaspora of fans, all of whom proudly wave and display their "Terrible Towels" to cheer on them on. Additionally, their current roster is filled with exciting young talent, including Kenny Pickett, George Pickens, and Najee Harris. The Steelers are also leaders in propagating diversity within their organization, especially within their leadership. Lastly, Mike Tomlin, the head coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers, is a proven winner, and has never had a losing season while coaching the Steelers. The Steelers are a fun team to watch, a fun team to cheer for, and a team that has great pride in their values on and off the field. | null | null | null | 8566 |
|
null | classification | Classify each of the following as fluffy or hard: lamb, sheep, poodle, cement, stuffed animal, golf ball | Lamb: Fluffy
Sheep: Fluffy
Poodle: Fluffy
Cement: Hard
Stuffed Animal: Fluffy
Golf Ball: Hard | null | null | null | 8567 |
|
null | summarization | Summarize the text and tell me what species are the Rimula rhips | Rimula rhips is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets. | They are a species of sea snail. | null | null | null | 8568 |
null | summarization | Where is Hawaii? | Hawaii (/həˈwaɪi/ (listen) hə-WY-ee; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi or ) is a state in the Western United States, about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from the U.S. mainland in the Pacific Ocean. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state in the tropics. | Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean, about two thousand miles from the west coast of North America | null | null | null | 8569 |
null | brainstorming | What makes a Korean corn dog different from an American corn dog? | Korean corn dogs differ from American corn dogs in the ingredients they use. Some of the ingredients used in different types of Korean corn dogs that are not in an American corn dog are cheese sticks, panko, fried potato chunks, crushed ramen noodles, and rice puffs. | null | null | null | 8570 |
|
null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Scabellum, Nyckelharpa | Nyckelharpa is string, Scabellum is percussion. | null | null | null | 8571 |
|
null | summarization | Where was William José born? | Born in Porto Calvo, Alagoas, Willian José started his career at local CRB's youth setup, before joining Grêmio Barueri in 2008, aged 17. On 1 August 2009 he made his first team – and Série A – debut, coming on as a late substitute in a 2–1 loss at Botafogo.
Willian José scored his first goal as a professional on 17 January of the following year, netting his side's only in a 1–1 draw at Sertãozinho for the Campeonato Paulista championship. He scored six further times during the campaign, which ended in relegation. | William José was born in Porto Calvo, in the State of Alagoas in Brazil. He started his career at the local Gremio Barueri soccer team. | null | null | null | 8572 |
null | brainstorming | What are some things to remember when buying a new pair of headphones? | There are many criteria when one can keep in mind when purchasing headphones.
1. Purpose: the purpose of usage should be clear in mind, i.e., whether it's for hearing good quality music or for work like taking video calls.
2. Price Performance: Money is always an important consideration when it comes to any sort of purchase.
3. Active Noise cancellation (ANC): Although noise cancellation is coming with most headsets nowadays, the quality of ANC might vary from one piece to another. So it's always good to read some reviews around it.
4. Mobile application and features: It is almost a norm now that every major headset company has developed the corresponding mobile application with some add-on features. But some companies offer much for fine-grained controls than others.
5. Carry case: If you are a frequent traveller, then a compact and robust headset carry case might be good to have in certain situations. | null | null | null | 8573 |
|
null | brainstorming | How many months have 28 days? | All of them! But February is the only month to end on the 28th day (except for leap years every four years, when it ends on the 29th day). | null | null | null | 8574 |
|
null | summarization | What is the Tritonia auriculata | Tritonia auriculata is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae. | Tritonia auriculata is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae | null | null | null | 8575 |
null | closed_qa | What album by Trans-X was released in 1983 and how many songs were on it? | Living on Video (also known as Message on the Radio) is the first studio album by the Canadian synth-pop group Trans-X. Recorded and released in 1983 by Mantra Records, Message on the Radio was a seven-track album. Produced by Daniel Bernier, the record featured all instruments played by Pascal Languirand with Anne Brosseau on supporting vocals. The album was reissued in 1993 and contains a total of 14 tracks. | Trans-X released the album Living on Video in 1983. It included 7 tracks. | null | null | null | 8576 |
null | general_qa | What are some good things to do while spending a day in the Tamalpais Valley area of Mill Valley, CA? | Tamalpais Valley is a small neighborhood located in Marin County, California. A number of enjoyable activities can be had there during a short visit. Surrounded by lush hills, you will find a number of well maintained hiking trails. You can also enjoy delicious food at Cafe del Soul or Good Earth. If you need a quick pick-me-up, head over to Equator Coffees for a latte or espresso. Finally, you can cap your night off socializing with friends at The Junction over a pint of beer served from one of their 30 rotating taps. | null | null | null | 8577 |
|
null | summarization | Please summarize the MECE principle, give an example and explain how it can be used in business | The MECE principle, (mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive) is a grouping principle for separating a set of items into subsets that are mutually exclusive (ME) and collectively exhaustive (CE). It was developed in the late 1960s by Barbara Minto at McKinsey & Company and underlies her Minto Pyramid Principle, and while she takes credit for MECE, according to her interview with McKinsey, she says the idea for MECE goes back as far as to Aristotle.
The MECE principle has been used in the business mapping process wherein the optimum arrangement of information is exhaustive and does not double count at any level of the hierarchy. Examples of MECE arrangements include categorizing people by year of birth (assuming all years are known), apartments by their building number, letters by postmark, and dice rolls. A non-MECE example would be categorization by nationality, because nationalities are neither mutually exclusive (some people have dual nationality) nor collectively exhaustive (some people have none). | MECE stands for Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive and serves as an organizing framework used by management consulting firms, such as McKinsey and BCG as a way to organize reports and complicated data. Due to its effectiveness, it has made it's way into the larger business community. An example MECE arrangement would be departments within an organization, year hired for employees, the choice to eat in or eat out. MECE can be used to simplify complex ideas. | null | null | null | 8578 |
null | brainstorming | Give me five different names I could use for my female cat | Lulu, Fluffy, Lady, Princess, Belle | null | null | null | 8579 |
|
null | brainstorming | What herbs can I easily grow in my garden? | Basil, Parsley, Rosemary and Sage are all easy to grow. | null | null | null | 8580 |
|
null | closed_qa | What is Oxygen Not Included? | Oxygen Not Included is a survival simulation video game developed and published by Klei Entertainment. After being released on Steam's early access since February 2017, the game was officially released on July 30, 2019.
Oxygen Not Included is a simulation survival game. At the start of a new game, three colonists (referred to as duplicants) find themselves in an asteroid with isolated pockets of breathable atmosphere, with no memory of how they got there. The player is tasked with managing and taking care of these duplicants as they try to survive and create a sustainable makeshift space colony. The player must monitor the duplicants' hunger, waste, and oxygen levels to keep them alive. Each game's world is procedurally generated. The world is then subdivided into various regions or "biomes" that contain different and often biome specific materials and critters. While initial areas have a breathable atmosphere, subsequent areas are in a vacuum or lack oxygen, requiring proper preparation by the duplicants before they explore these areas. The world also contains several hazards such as diseases and extreme temperatures. The game simulates the diffusion of gases and equalization of atmospheres when a new natural chamber is opened, which can cause oxygen levels to drop in existing chambers, as well as the draining of liquids by gravity.
To help establish the colony, the player directs the duplicants to perform certain tasks, such as mining for resources, growing food, crafting equipment, researching new technologies, and maintaining their own health through nourishment, rest, and hygiene. The player does not control the duplicants directly, and instead provides prioritized instructions, from which the duplicants will then follow to the best of their abilities. For example, the player can order a conduit of wire to be built; which will have the duplicants collect the materials to make the wire, clear away any materials around the conduit's path, and then construct the wire. If the duplicants cannot access a source of copper for the wire, the task will remain uncompleted as the duplicants go to complete other tasks they can do. Duplicants have stats that determine how effective they are at certain tasks, and will prioritize tasks that they are best at. These duplicants' skills can be improved over time and practice. | Oxygen Not Included is a space-colony simulation survival game produced and published by Klei Entertainment, the same studio that developed Don’t Starve. At the start of a new game, three colonists (referred to as duplicants) find themselves in an asteroid with isolated pockets of breathable atmosphere, with no memory of how they got there. The player is tasked with managing and taking care of these duplicants as they try to survive and create a sustainable makeshift space colony. The player must monitor the duplicants' hunger, waste, and oxygen levels to keep them alive. To help establish the colony, the player directs the duplicants to perform certain tasks, such as mining for resources, growing food, crafting equipment, researching new technologies, and maintaining their own health through nourishment, rest, and hygiene. | null | null | null | 8581 |
null | information_extraction | What are some famous shows that played at the Central Theatre in NYC? | Central Theatre was a Broadway theatre in New York City built in 1918. It was located at 1567 Broadway, at the southwest corner with 47th Street, and seated approximately 1,100 patrons. The architect was Herbert J. Krapp. The theatre was built by the Shubert family on a site previously occupied by the Mathushek & Son piano factory.
The first production at the theatre was the play Forever After, by Owen Davis, which opened in 1918. This moved to Playhouse Theatre for a long run. A musical, Somebody's Sweetheart (music by Antonio Bafunno; book and lyrics by Alonzo Price), was a success at the theatre in 1919–20. Oscar Hammerstein II made his debut as librettist in January 1920 with Always You, which was followed by a successful revue by Arthur Wimperis, As You Were. In July 1920, Poor Little Ritz Girl opened, with some songs by Rodgers and Hart and others by Sigmund Romberg and Alex Gerber. Afgar was another successful musical in 1920–21. The Gingham Girl was a hit musical in 1923 with music by Albert Von Tilzer.
The theatre introduced movies in 1921 and alternated the new medium with live theatre and American burlesque until 1957, although legitimate theatre was absent from 1934 to 1951. It changed its name to the Columbia Theatre in 1934, Gotham Theatre in 1944 and the Holiday Theatre in 1951. A successful revue, Bagels and Yox played in 1951. A revival of Abie's Irish Rose played in 1954. Legitimate theatre ended at the house in 1956. Under the names Odeon, then the Forum, and finally Movieland, the theatre played movies until 1988, when the Shuberts sold it. The building was converted into other uses. The auditorium became a disco, Club USA. The theatre was demolished in 1998. A W Hotel opened on the site in 2005. | Somebody's Sweetheart, Always You, AS You Were, Poor Little Ritz Girl, The Gingham Girl , Afgar | null | null | null | 8582 |
null | general_qa | What is a water hammer? | Water hammer is the often counterintuitive result of stopping water that is in motion in a fluid system; the collective momentum of the water acts as a "hammer" and can create a high-pressure shockwave that damages, or destroys piping, valves, or equipment.
For example, it may be easy to close a water valve. Yet moments later it might explode from the sudden pressure of all the "upstream" water being forced to stop. | null | null | null | 8583 |
|
null | open_qa | What is the YIMBY movement? | YIMBY stands for Yes In My Back Yard. The YIMBY movement is a grassroots response to the phenomenon of NIMBYism, which stands for Not In My Back Yard, and is the name for concentrated local opposition to societally-beneficial resources. For example, NIMBY neighbors might oppose the construction of a new hospital in their neighborhood on the grounds that it will increase local traffic. The whole city will benefit from the new hospital, but the immediate neighbors will oppose it on these grounds regardless of where in the city it is constructed.
The YIMBY movement in the United States is primarily concerned with housing. YIMBY organizations have been formed across the country to support measures that will increase the supply of housing, such as repealing bans on the construction of apartment buildings. | null | null | null | 8584 |
|
null | open_qa | What is the best way to lose weight? | The best way to lose weight is to be in a calorie deficit. This means that you are consuming less calories than you expend. An easy way to confirm this deficit is to track your calorie intake with a calorie tracking application like MyFitnessPal. This helps you better understand the macronutrient composition (protein, carbohydrates, fat) of your food, and which foods are more calorically dense than others. One gram of protein has 4 calories per gram, one gram of carbohydrate has 4 calories per gram, and one gram of fat has 9 calories per gram. Each food that you consume is either one or a combination of these three macronutrients. It is possible to expend calories to create a larger deficit through exercise. There are many types of exercise, but most types can be categorized as either cardiovascular training or weight training. Both types of exercise are important, as cardiovascular exercises, such as walking, running, and biking, train your heart and burn calories during exercise. Weight-based training involves challenging your muscles with loads in order to make them stronger to handle larger loads and more volume. Weight-based training does not burn as many calories during exercise, however this type of training taxes your muscles so that they need to repair and thus burns more calories throughout the day after your training session. Weight-based training is important for strong muscles, bones, and tendons. The best way to lose weight involves a combination of a calorie-controlled diet, cardiovascular exercise, and weight-based training exercise sustained over a duration of time until you meet your weight goal. Once you meet your goal, it is then important to sustain these good habits and not revert back to the habits and behaviors you were previously engaged in that contributed to your weight gain. | null | null | null | 8585 |
|
null | brainstorming | Write a short story about Batman, Superman and Spiderman where the bad guy wins | Batman, Superman and Spiderman were out in the city when they noticed something strange. A sinister-looking man was walking down the street with a giant bag of money. He was laughing and bragging about how he was going to be the richest man in the world. All of the heroes were furious and decided to take action. They followed the man, but he was too fast. He had a huge advantage and was able to escape. Batman, Superman and Spiderman were left feeling helpless and frustrated. They knew they had to do something to stop this man and save the city. But what could they do? | null | null | null | 8586 |
|
null | brainstorming | What are the different ways to work with Subject Matter Experts to build a presentation? | Clarify the goal of the presentation.
Determine a clear call to action for the audience.
Answer the question, "why will this call to action benefit the audience?"
Focus on message before building slides.
Focus on the flow of the presentation when reviewing and editing.
Pay attention to transitions.
Help the subject matter expert build slides.
Develop a point of view on the content and make suggestions based on that point of view
and your knowledge of what the audience needs.
Develop a script.
Practice the presentation. Edit the script after practicing when you see improvements. | null | null | null | 8587 |
|
null | classification | When protecting your company from a security breach, categorize each of the following as "Enhancing Security" or "Diminishing Security": Multi-factor Authentication, VPN, Unlocked Computers, Shared Passwords, Anti-Malware Solution | Multi-factor Authentication: Enhancing Security
VPN: Enhancing Security
Unlocked Computers: Diminishing Security
Shared Passwords: Diminishing Security
Anti-Malware Solution: Enhancing Security | null | null | null | 8588 |
|
null | closed_qa | Given this paragraph about Computer Worm history, tell me the name of the earliest computer worm that caused damages to many computers on the Internet and the date when it was unleashed by his creator. | A computer worm is a standalone malware computer program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. It often uses a computer network to spread itself, relying on security failures on the target computer to access it. It will use this machine as a host to scan and infect other computers. When these new worm-invaded computers are controlled, the worm will continue to scan and infect other computers using these computers as hosts, and this behaviour will continue. Computer worms use recursive methods to copy themselves without host programs and distribute themselves based on exploiting the advantages of exponential growth, thus controlling and infecting more and more computers in a short time. Worms almost always cause at least some harm to the network, even if only by consuming bandwidth, whereas viruses almost always corrupt or modify files on a targeted computer.
Many worms are designed only to spread, and do not attempt to change the systems they pass through. However, as the Morris worm and Mydoom showed, even these "payload-free" worms can cause major disruption by increasing network traffic and other unintended effects.
History
The actual term "worm" was first used in John Brunner's 1975 novel, The Shockwave Rider. In the novel, Nichlas Haflinger designs and sets off a data-gathering worm in an act of revenge against the powerful men who run a national electronic information web that induces mass conformity. "You have the biggest-ever worm loose in the net, and it automatically sabotages any attempt to monitor it. There's never been a worm with that tough a head or that long a tail!"
The second ever computer worm was devised to be an anti-virus software. Named Reaper, it was created by Ray Tomlinson to replicate itself across the ARPANET and delete the experimental Creeper program (the first computer worm, 1971).
On November 2, 1988, Robert Tappan Morris, a Cornell University computer science graduate student, unleashed what became known as the Morris worm, disrupting many computers then on the Internet, guessed at the time to be one tenth of all those connected. During the Morris appeal process, the U.S. Court of Appeals estimated the cost of removing the worm from each installation at between $200 and $53,000; this work prompted the formation of the CERT Coordination Center and Phage mailing list. Morris himself became the first person tried and convicted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. | The first computer worm publicly known to cause real disruptions and malfunctioning to computers connected to the Internet is known to be the Morris worm, created in 1988 by Robert Morris, a computer science student at Cornell University. | null | null | null | 8589 |
null | general_qa | What are 6 natural resources of Africa? | Gold, Oil, Natural Gas,Copper, Silver,Diamonds | null | null | null | 8590 |
|
null | classification | Tell me which muscle the following exercises help build: bench press, dips, dumbbell curls, deadlift, and squat. | Bench press and dips exercises build muscles around chest and triceps areas. Dumbbell curls target biceps. Deadlifts target both back and core muscles as well as your glutes and hamstrings. Finally, squats target quads, hamstrings, glutes and core muscles. | null | null | null | 8591 |
|
null | brainstorming | Best singer in the World in Hindi | Asha Bhosle and Kishore Kumar | null | null | null | 8592 |
|
null | general_qa | What is the answer to life, the universe and everything? | Douglas Adams would have us believe that the answer to life, the universe and everything is forty-two. However he clearly hadn't anticipated the challenges of training large language models where an answer of such succinct elegance would have caused the LLM to stop dead in its tracks pretty quickly. On the other hand, assuming that the model was already trained and that even though Adam's supercomputer took seven and a half million years to come up with the answer forty-two, perhaps he was more prescient than even he realised at the time. It's quite a conundrum. Maybe his model was simply too large? Or maybe it was just the right size and it was the compute that was the issue? If Deep Thought had followed a distributed compute model perhaps involving all the planets of the universe, rather than simply relying on the Earth, which always seemed like a single node build, then perhaps his answer would have been richer in its philosophical content. Then again, perhaps a distributed model would simply have arrived at the answer forty-two a lot faster before the first micro-organisms showed up on earth and we wouldn't be here trying to answer this question now. | null | null | null | 8593 |
|
null | brainstorming | Give me a list of pros and cons of buying a bigger house | Buying a bigger house is a major life decision involving many factors. Pros include
- room for more people, especially helpful if you’re growing a family or you like to host
- room for gear such as exercise equipment or a spa
- bigger homes may include more land which can provide solitude and a larger area for various outdoor activities
Cons include
- bigger homes may be more expensive to purchase
- bigger homes may be more challenging to maintain and clean | null | null | null | 8594 |
|
null | summarization | What can you tell me about about the Landscape Arch in Arches National Park in Utah? | The arch is among many in the Devils Garden area in the north of the park. Landscape Arch was named by Frank Beckwith who explored the area in the winter of 1933–1934 as the leader of an Arches National Monument scientific expedition. The arch can be reached by a 0.8 mi (1.3 km) graded gravel trail.
The Natural Arch and Bridge Society (NABS) considers Landscape Arch the fifth longest natural arch in the world, after four arches in China. In 2004, the span of Landscape Arch was measured at 290.1 ft (88.4 m), ±0.8 ft (0.24 m), with a height of 77.5 ft (23.6 m). NABS measured the span of the slightly shorter Kolob Arch in Zion National Park at 287 ft (87 m) in 2006.
The most recent recorded rockfall events occurred in the 1990s when one large slab fell in 1991 and then two additional large rockfalls occurred in 1995. Since the rockfalls, the trail beneath the arch has been closed. | The Landscape Arch is a natural arch considered the fifth longest natural arch in the world. It is located in the Arches National Park in Utah, USA. You can get to the arch by walking along a low-graded train in the park. The arch has recently lost some of its slabs due to rockfalls. | null | null | null | 8595 |
null | brainstorming | Tell me some common options for losing weight | Eat less, reduce carb intake, increase protein intake, do steady-state cardio, do HIIT, lift weights, take supplements. | null | null | null | 8596 |
|
null | general_qa | Could you please describe the winter of Seattle? | The winters in Seattle can be very cold and unpredictable. Some days are rainy, some are snowy, and some are just plain cold. The winters used to be difficult to tolerate. My family had to escape to Hawaii or other places to get some sunshine in the mid of the winter. However, since I started to ski with my son, the winter became fun. I started to looking forward the coming of the winter. | null | null | null | 8597 |
|
null | open_qa | Who invented the airplane? | The airplane was invented by Santos Dumont, a Brazilian inventor. He flew for the first time in France, in the year of 1906. | null | null | null | 8598 |
|
null | brainstorming | Provide a few ways that I can find new restaurants near me | So you're looking to find some new restaurants? Here are some suggestions you could try:
- Walk around your local area and look at the menus
- Use google maps to search for restaurants near you
- Ask local friends and neighbours for a recommendation
- Look for reviews in local magazines, both physical and online | null | null | null | 8599 |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.