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null | brainstorming | What are some of the most popular card games? | - Poker
- Bridge
- Blackjack
- Rummy
- Crazy Eights
- Spades
- Hearts
- War
- Solitaire | null | null | null | 12400 |
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null | closed_qa | What is Puha, New Zealand | Puha or Puhatikotiko is a locality between the Waipaoa River and the Waikohu River in the Gisborne District of New Zealand's North Island. It is located close to the confluence of the two rivers on State Highway 2 close to Te Karaka, inland from the city of Gisborne.
A notable resident was Te Kani Te Ua. | Puha or Puhatikotiko is a locality in the Gisborne District of New Zealand's North Island.
| null | null | null | 12401 |
null | closed_qa | Where is Independence mall? | Independence Mall (formerly Westfield Shoppingtown Independence or Westfield Independence) is the only enclosed shopping mall in Wilmington, North Carolina. It opened in 1979 with anchor stores Belk-Beery (now Belk), JCPenney, and Sears. A later expansion added a new wing and Dillard's store to the center after Westfield Group purchased the mall. The mall is located on Oleander Drive (U.S. 76) and Independence Blvd east of downtown Wilmington. The mall has a food court and no longer features a carousel. | Independence mall is located in Wilmington, North Carolina. | null | null | null | 12402 |
null | brainstorming | What is the list of ingredients for the Lebanese tabbouleh recipe? | - Parsley: finely chopped
- Tomatoes: cut in small cubes
- Bulgur wheat: soaked in room temperature water
- White and Green Onions: finely chopped
- Mint: finely chopped
- Lemon: squeezed
- Olive oil
- Salt
- Pepper | null | null | null | 12403 |
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null | information_extraction | Extract out the various endorsements Twice has done and separate them with a comma | Endorsements:
Even before the official debut of Twice, the nine members had signed contracts as exclusive models for school uniform brand Skoolooks, alongside J. Y. Park. By December 2015, Twice had signed ten CF contracts, totaling earnings of KRW1.8 billion. By February 2017, they had one of the fastest growths in the advertising industry as the group's rate charged for endorsement hit 200 million won for 6 months and 300 million won for a year.
Twice is one of the celebrity endorsers of Lotte Duty Free. They also collaborated with shoe company Spris and created their own shoe brand called "Twice by Spris". In early 2017, Twice was selected by beverage maker Donga Otsuka to promote the company's flagship sports drink Pocari Sweat on its 30th anniversary. They became the first idol group to model for the brand. Pocari Sweat recorded 100 billion won sales for the first half of the year, a 10% increase over 2016's sales.
As of 2017, Twice has represented about 30 different brands including cosmetics, clothing, online and mobile games, food and beverages, credit cards, and more. Twice's first TV commercial in Japan for Ymobile was aired nationwide starting February 2, 2018, incorporating a pop arrangement of "Y.M.C.A." and Twice's signature "TT pose". In 2019, Twice was selected as South Korean ambassador of Estée Lauder. The group also became "Global Benchsetters" for Philippine clothing brand Bench. In March 2021, Kyungnam Pharmaceuticals announced that it had selected Twice as the representatives for its flagship vitamin brand Lemona. Later that year, Nintendo Korea featured Twice playing the Nintendo Switch game Mitopia in a video. In August 2021, the group was chosen to perform for Shopee Philippines's 9.9 Super Shopping Day TV special that was held on September 9. On October 16, 2021, Scarlett Whitening, an Indonesian beauty brand known for its skin whitening products, introduced Twice as their brand ambassadors. The endorsement was, however, criticized by fans, calling JYP Entertainment to withdraw the deal as it would be "unethical" for Twice to endorse a brand with skin whitening products, "knowing that they have fans with darker skin complexions". | Skoolooks,Lotte Duty Free,Spris,Pocari Sweat,Ymobile,Estée Lauder,Bench,Lemona,Nintendo Korea for Mitopia,Scarlett Whitening | null | null | null | 12404 |
null | summarization | When was the Boeing 747 first entered into service? | The Boeing 747 first entered service with Pan Am on January 22, 1970 | It entered service on January 22, 1970. | null | null | null | 12405 |
null | brainstorming | Give me a list of sports talk shows to watch while I make dinner. | There are several channels that have sports talk shows on around dinner time. On Fox Sports 1, there is First Things First and Undisputed with Skip and Shannon. On ESPN, there is First Take, Pardon the Interruption, and Around the Horn. | null | null | null | 12406 |
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null | information_extraction | What are the most common causes of avalanches, in descending order of likelihood (where most likely is first)? | Most avalanches occur spontaneously during storms under increased load due to snowfall and/or erosion. The second largest cause of natural avalanches is metamorphic changes in the snowpack such as melting due to solar radiation. Other natural causes include rain, earthquakes, rockfall and icefall. Artificial triggers of avalanches include skiers, snowmobiles, and controlled explosive work. Contrary to popular belief, avalanches are not triggered by loud sound; the pressure from sound is orders of magnitude too small to trigger an avalanche.
Avalanche initiation can start at a point with only a small amount of snow moving initially; this is typical of wet snow avalanches or avalanches in dry unconsolidated snow. However, if the snow has sintered into a stiff slab overlying a weak layer then fractures can propagate very rapidly, so that a large volume of snow, that may be thousands of cubic metres, can start moving almost simultaneously.
A snowpack will fail when the load exceeds the strength. The load is straightforward; it is the weight of the snow. However, the strength of the snowpack is much more difficult to determine and is extremely heterogeneous. It varies in detail with properties of the snow grains, size, density, morphology, temperature, water content; and the properties of the bonds between the grains. These properties may all metamorphose in time according to the local humidity, water vapour flux, temperature and heat flux. The top of the snowpack is also extensively influenced by incoming radiation and the local air flow. One of the aims of avalanche research is to develop and validate computer models that can describe the evolution of the seasonal snowpack over time. A complicating factor is the complex interaction of terrain and weather, which causes significant spatial and temporal variability of the depths, crystal forms, and layering of the seasonal snowpack. | The most likely causes of avalanches, in order of likelihood, are:
- Increased snow loads during storms
- Erosion in the snowpack caused by storms
- Metamorphic changes in the snowpack such as melting due to weather or rain
- Earthquakes that trigger shifting in the snowpack
- Falling objects, such as rockfall and snowfall, can trigger avalanches
- Human triggers, such as skiers, snowmobiles, and controlled explosives. | null | null | null | 12407 |
null | information_extraction | Which amendment to the US constitution protects the rights of its citizens to own shotguns? | No. Subject Ratification
Proposed Completed Time span
1st Protects freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and the right to petition the government. September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791 2 years, 81 days
2nd Protects the right to keep and bear arms September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791 2 years, 81 days
3rd Restricts the quartering of soldiers in private homes September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791 2 years, 81 days
4th Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets out requirements for search warrants based on probable cause September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791 2 years, 81 days
5th Sets out rules for indictment by grand jury and eminent domain, protects the right to due process, and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791 2 years, 81 days
6th Protects the right to a speedy public trial by jury, to notification of criminal accusations, to confront the accuser, to obtain witnesses and to retain counsel September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791 2 years, 81 days
7th Provides for the right to a jury trial in civil lawsuits September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791 2 years, 81 days
8th Prohibits excessive fines and excessive bail, as well as cruel and unusual punishment September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791 2 years, 81 days
9th States that rights not enumerated in the Constitution are retained by the people September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791 2 years, 81 days
10th States that the federal government possesses only those powers delegated, or enumerated, to it through the Constitution, and that all other powers are reserved to the States, or to the people. September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791 2 years, 81 days
11th Makes states immune from suits from out-of-state citizens and foreigners not living within the state borders; lays the foundation for state sovereign immunity March 4, 1794 February 7, 1795 340 days
12th Revises presidential election procedures by having the president and vice president elected together as opposed to the vice president being the runner up in the presidential election December 9, 1803 June 15, 1804 189 days
13th Abolishes slavery, and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime January 31, 1865 December 6, 1865 309 days
14th Defines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, and the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post–Civil War issues June 13, 1866 July 9, 1868 2 years, 26 days
15th Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race, color or previous condition of servitude February 26, 1869 February 3, 1870 342 days
16th Permits Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the various states or basing it on the United States Census July 12, 1909 February 3, 1913 3 years, 206 days
17th Establishes the direct election of United States senators by popular vote May 13, 1912 April 8, 1913 330 days
18th Prohibited the manufacturing or sale of alcohol within the United States
(Repealed December 5, 1933, via the 21st Amendment) December 18, 1917 January 16, 1919 1 year, 29 days
19th Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on sex June 4, 1919 August 18, 1920 1 year, 75 days
20th Changes the dates on which the terms of the president and vice president, and of members of Congress, begin and end, to January 20 and January 3 respectively. States that if the president-elect dies before taking office, the vice president–elect is to be inaugurated as President. March 2, 1932 January 23, 1933 327 days
21st Repeals the 18th Amendment and makes it a federal offense to transport or import intoxicating liquors into U.S. states and territories where such is prohibited by law February 20, 1933 December 5, 1933 288 days
22nd Limits the number of times a person can be elected president. March 21, 1947 February 27, 1951 3 years, 343 days
23rd Grants the District of Columbia electors in the Electoral College June 16, 1960 March 29, 1961 286 days
24th Prohibits the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of a poll tax or any other tax September 14, 1962 January 23, 1964 1 year, 131 days
25th Addresses succession to the presidency and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the vice president and responding to presidential disabilities July 6, 1965 February 10, 1967 1 year, 219 days
26th Prohibits the denial of the right of US citizens, 18 years of age or older, to vote on account of age March 23, 1971 July 1, 1971 100 days
27th Delays laws affecting Congressional salary from taking effect until after the next election of representatives September 25, 1789 May 7, 1992 202 years, 223 days | The Second Amendment (Amendment II) to the US Constitution protects the right to keep and bear arms. | null | null | null | 12408 |
null | summarization | Summarize the parliamentary 2023 elections results in Andorra | On the evening of 2 April, the Andorran government announced the results: the ruling coalition of Democrats for Andorra (DA) and Committed Citizens (CC) won the elections with 16 seats, gaining 3 more seats and the absolute majority of Consell General's seats. It was followed by the new Concord party, which won 5 seats. The third place was won by the progressive coalition formed by the Social Democratic Party (PS) and Social Democracy and Progress (SDP), which lost 4 seats, remaining with 3. In last positions, the new parties Andorra Forward, which won 3 seats, and Action for Andorra (Accío), which won one. At a press conference, Xavier Espot, accompanied by the Minister of Finance and acting government spokesman Cesar Marquina, proclaimed these results. Liberals of Andorra was left without parliamentary representation, losing the 4 seats it had.
The turnout was 66.95%, 1.3% less than that recorded in the 2019 elections, despite being higher than in previous years. Early voting rose to 30%, the highest figure ever recorded. | Xavier Espot, Cesar Marquina, and the Minister of Finance confirmed April 2nd, 2023 that the Democrats of Andorra and Committed Citizens parties won with an absolute majority (16 seats total, adding 3 new seats). The turn out was very similar to 2019, with just 1.3% less voting (66.95% in total). This may have been due to a record turn out in early voting, which was higher than ever recorded at 30%. | null | null | null | 12409 |
null | general_qa | How do you replace a hole in the drywall? | First you start by locating the nearest wooden studs and cut a square, larger than the hole and exposing up to one inch of each wooden stud. Each wooden stud is typically sixteen inches apart - center to center. And each wooden stud is typically two inches in width. Second step is to carefully measure the open space after you've cut the square. Take your time and measure as close to the existing drywall as possible. Take 4 measurements of 2 in length and 2 in width to ensure accuracy. Cut that square from your replacement drywall. Shave sides with sandpaper for tight fit. Once your replacement square fits, insert drywall screws into the sides of the drywall that will also go through the previously exposed wooden studs. Once the new square is secure, you can layer ontop the drywall paste to let dry. Sand the drywall paste over the seams of the square, and repeat as necessary until you have a uniform, smooth surface. Apply paint over the entire workspace and let dry. | null | null | null | 12410 |
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null | brainstorming | List great neighborhoods to raise a family in East County San Diego | 1. Mount Helix, La Mesa
2. Eucalyptus Hills, Lakeside
3. Fletcher Hills, El Cajon
4. Granite Hills, El Cajon
5. Vista Grande, Rancho San Diego
6. Sky Ranch, Santee
7. Palo Verde, Alpine | null | null | null | 12411 |
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null | closed_qa | When did Peloton IPO? | On September 26, 2019, Peloton became a public company via an initial public offering, raising $1.16 billion and valuing the company at $8.1 billion. After reaching a market valuation of $50 billion in January 2021, the company's valuation was back to around $8 billion by April 2022. | Peloton became a public company via an initial public offering on September 26, 2019. | null | null | null | 12412 |
null | general_qa | What is the air speed velocity of an unladen swallow? | The European swallow, weighing on average 20 grams, flaps its wings 12 times every second, this results in an estimated air speed of 9 meters per second, which is roughly 20.1 miles per hour. | null | null | null | 12413 |
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null | brainstorming | Will, a 45-yr-old former collegiate swimmer turned lifelong triathlete, requests assistance with run training. His only significant medical history is a series of overuse injuries to his shoulders and Achilles tendon. In recent weeks, he notes his workouts are unusually difficult and reports feeling constriction in his chest with exertion – something he attributes to deficiencies in core strength. Upon further questioning, he explains that the chest constriction is improved with rest and that he often feels dizzy during recovery. What do you think is the underlying problem that could be causing Will’s symptoms during/after exercise? | Will probably has some form of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As he was a collegiate athlete and now triathlete, he has undergone many years of intense exercise training, which could induce pathological cardiac remodeling, ultimately leading to myocardial fibrosis. This form of CVD can be common among trained athletes, particularly endurance athletes such as Will (swimming, triathlon). | null | null | null | 12414 |
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null | classification | Tell me whether these words are English or Spanish: dog, cat, perro, gato, house, casa | Dog: English
Cat: English
Perro: Spanish
Gato: Spanish
House: English
Casa: Spanish | null | null | null | 12415 |
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null | open_qa | What is Intel Xeon good for? | Intel's Xeon line of processors is intended for business workstations and servers. For servers and workstations running data-intensive applications, particularly those that are mission-critical, Xeon CPUs are the best option. | null | null | null | 12416 |
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null | closed_qa | What are the causes of Autism? | Many causes of autism have been proposed, but understanding of the theory of causation of autism, or otherwise known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is incomplete. Attempts have been made to incorporate the known genetic and environmental causes into a comprehensive causative framework.ASD is a complex developmental condition marked by persistent challenges to social interaction, speech and nonverbal communication, and restricted/repetitive behaviors and its phenotypes vary significantly.
Research indicates that genetic factors predominate. The heritability of autism, however, is complex, and it is typically unclear which genes are involved.In rare cases, autism is associated with agents that cause birth defects.Many other causes have been proposed.
Numerous epidemiological studies have shown no scientific evidence supporting the controversial but popular theory that autism is caused by vaccines. | There is no clear cause for Autism which has been scientifically proven. However, some research indicates that genetic factors are one of the predominant causes. In rare cases, autism is associated with agents that cause congenital disabilities, and many other causes have been proposed.
Numerous epidemiological studies have shown no scientific evidence supporting the controversial but popular theory that vaccines cause autism. | null | null | null | 12417 |
null | classification | Tell me whether these animals are poisonous or not poisonous: rattlesnake, scorpion, box jellyfish, king cobra, Indian python, koala, porcupine | Rattlesnakes are poisonous reptiles.
Scorpions are poisonous arachnids.
Box jellyfish are poisonous.
King cobras are poisonous reptiles.
Indian pythons are non poisonous reptiles.
Koalas are non poisonous mammals.
Porcupines are non poisonous mammals. | null | null | null | 12418 |
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null | general_qa | How Fast Does An Average Person Run? | Males run at an average speed of 8 mph, and women run at an average speed of 6.5 mph.
People running for their lives, not for recreational purposes, can run at an average speed of 12 mph. Athletes and gym enthusiasts tend to be faster than the average person and may run at a speed as high as 14 to 17 mph. The numbers change when referring to endurance and long-distance trails. Sprinters running a short distance average 10 mph. However, it’s hard to maintain that momentum for a long distance. When using data on the average running speed for five kilometers, males have an average running speed of 5.9 mph, and women have an average running speed of 5 mph. | null | null | null | 12419 |
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null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Taal, Akonting | Akonting is string, Taal is percussion. | null | null | null | 12420 |
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null | classification | Which of the following are renewable energies and which are fossil fuels: natural gas, wind energy, hydropower, oil shales, solar power, coal, and petroleum. | Hydropower, solar power, wind energy are considered to be renewable energies. Coal, petroleum, natural gas, and oil shales are defined as fossil fuels. | null | null | null | 12421 |
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null | brainstorming | Provide 5 factors to consider when deciding where to live | Here are 5 factors to consider when deciding where to live:
1. Opportunities for employment
2. Cost of living
3. Weather
4. Proximity to family and friends
5. Things to do in the area | null | null | null | 12422 |
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null | open_qa | Why is the sky blue? | Earth's atmosphere scatters short-wavelength light more efficiently than that of longer wavelengths. Because its wavelengths are shorter, blue light is more strongly scattered than the longer-wavelength lights, red or green. Hence, the result is that when looking at the sky away from the direct incident sunlight, the human eye perceives the sky to be blue. | null | null | null | 12423 |
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null | general_qa | What does yoga do to your body? | Yoga is a sophisticated system of self empowerment that is capable of harnessing and activating inner energies in such a way that our body and mind function in optimal capacity. It is a means to create inner situations exactly the way you want them, turning you into architect of your own joy. A person who practice yoga regularly lives in an expansive state. | null | null | null | 12424 |
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null | classification | Tell me which of these stores sells furnitures: Safeway, dollar tree, HEB, IKEA, home depot, walmart | IKEA and Walmart sells all kinds of furnitures, and home depot only sells outdoor furnitures | null | null | null | 12425 |
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null | brainstorming | Who is the NBA's all team leading scorer? | LeBron James as of 2023, before he broke the record it was Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. Both of them accomplished this feat as part of the Los Angeles Lakers. | null | null | null | 12426 |
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null | creative_writing | Write an essay about whether corona policy measures are beneficial towards society or not | After nearly two years of the COVID-19 pandemic and yet another lockdown, many people around the Netherlands are growing restless and fed up with the restrictions. According to the Rijksoverheid, a record-breaking 74,000 cases were confirmed in the Netherlands on January 28th, with just ten corona-related ICU admissions or deaths (“Infections- Confirmed Cases”, 2022). This raises the debate: should the government continue enforcing these measures or not? In order to formulate an answer, one must first understand the virus and how it spreads, and then consider the debate from political, ethical, social and economic perspectives.
The first reported case of SARS-CoV-2, which causes the COVID-19 disease, was on December 31, 2019 ("Coronavirus disease", 2022), and it set off a chain reaction of political instability worldwide. What first started as an epidemic within China had reached almost every country in the world within months. In the last 20 years, many countries have been affected by viruses related to Covid-19 such as SARS. Because of previous experience, they took appropriate measures immediately. For example, China has had no more than 110,000 cases since the start of the pandemic, even though it has almost a population of 1.5 billion (Worldometer, 2022). However, a less politically stable country, such as Turkey, was less prepared and suffered from 12 million cases, even though it has a population of 85 million. The virus spreads very quickly because of its airborne transmission mechanism. If one is near an infected person, the carrier’s exhalation may carry the virus and can be inhaled by healthy individuals. Putting on a mask and keeping distance help prevent infected individuals from spreading virus particles into the vicinity of healthy people. However, in countries where measures were not enforced, there was a large increase in excessive deaths. The new omicron variant is proving to spread at least 20 times faster than the original strain because of its 30 mutations (Grossman and Stahel, 2022). Fortunately, it is also far less deadly because it does not attack lung tissue in its earlier stages (Zimmer and Ghorayshi, 2021).
One can also analyze coronavirus restrictions from an ethical perspective: should we lower corona measures even though doing so may put more lives at risk? As of January 28th 2021, the coronavirus has a death rate of 0.51%. This is relatively high compared to other respiratory viruses such as influenza, which has a mortality rate of 0.01%. COVID-19 disproportionally affects vulnerable groups, such as those with underlying health conditions such as diabetes, obesity, or autoimmune diseases. This is especially true in the elderly, because of the increased amount of health conditions as well as an immune system deteriorated by age. The coronavirus infects the upper respiratory tract, including the lungs. It breaks into cells and orders them to create copies of the virus. The cell then bursts open and sends new copies of the virus toward other cells. Eventually, if there is not an effective immune response, the patient will perish due to lung damage, especially with the strains of COVID-19 prior to the Omicron variant. During a lockdown, there is minimal human contact, which slows down the spread of the virus. However, preventing social contact has its own devastating effects. For example, during the lockdown there were over 2.5 million children at risk of falling behind on learning (“Jongeren” 2021') ("Education and COVID-19", 2022). Furthermore, according to OSF Healthcare, “Average weekly visits to the emergency department for suspected suicide attempts among young girls were up more than 50% from the same period a year ago” (OSF Health Care, 2021). Thus, even though more lives are put at stake, by taking extra measures for those in the risk group, one can safely reopen society and prevent suicides and learning disbilities in the youth. Moreover, vaccines can prevent major damage to tissues from happening in the first place.
From a societal perspective, coronavirus has proven to be a “splinter issue”, pushing some people into vaccine denial. Many citizens are refraining from getting vaccines without truly understanding the consequences. There are two types of vaccines: mRNA and viral vector. The mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was the first mRNA vaccine to be used in the general public. mRNA vaccines have RNA inside lipids which help the RNA enter the cell. Ribosomes read the RNA and instruct the cells to make the same spike proteins as SARS-CoV-2. The body then recognizes that the Corona spike proteins are invaders and creates antibodies to destroy them. In comparison, viral vector vaccines insert a harmless copy of the virus with the same spike protein DNA, causing the immune system to attack it and remember it. For both types of vaccines, memory B cells will continue to create antibodies in case the person gets exposed to the real virus in the future. According to Dr. Stahel, “Omicron has mutated so much that it has less affinity in terms of the antibodies from the vaccine recognizing it, so, therefore, the answer is the booster shot, because you will overwhelm the virus with the quantity of the immune response even if there is not a perfect match” (Grossman and Stahel, 2022). Thus, the original vaccine doses and, more recently, the booster shot play an important role in preventing infections, but more importantly in reducing the chance of severe illness and death. However, new studies have shown that effective immunity can wear off within six months, making it necessary to get annual doses, similar to influenza (Doucleff). 13.6% of the population over 18 refuses to get vaccinated, primarily because of distrust in the government (“Vaccinations COVID-19 vaccinations”, 2022). This limits the effects of herd immunity, a concept in which if enough people are vaccinated the virus will no longer be able to spread due to all the targets being immune.
Finally, one must consider the economic implications of a lockdown. The lockdown caused colossal unemployment, particularly for those who worked in the travel industry. For example, according to the world economic forum, 114 million people lost their jobs during 2020 (Richter, 2021). Furthermore, the lockdowns across the world also caused an estimated 3.2 trillion euro loss in labor income. Even with the devastating economic effects, one must consider the fact that lives are put at stake when appropriate corona measures are not taken. According to NPR, there would have been approximately 488 times the number of cases in China if insufficient measures were taken, hence saving millions of lives (Beaubien, 2020).
In conclusion, by considering COVID-19 from a political, ethical, social and economic lens, I conclude that even though the virus is highly contagious and fatal towards certain groups, lockdowns are only temporary solutions. A lockdown is only beneficial to our society once excessive mortality starts rising. Hence, by taking measures early on, countries can limit the spread of the virus. For example, it took six months before mask-wearing was seen as a viable measure. As seen in the first lockdown, tens of thousands of people lost their jobs and over 2.5 million children had to do remote learning in the Netherlands ("Jongeren", 2021). Thus, by taking measures on time and being prepared, one need not go into lockdown. However, if the deaths start to become excessive, it is worth enforcing a proportional amount of corona measures. | null | null | null | 12427 |
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null | open_qa | Who was India's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister | Sardar Vallabhai Patel | null | null | null | 12428 |
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null | general_qa | Why is working out good for you? | Working out provides many benefits. Studies have shown that working out is good for you long term health. It helps build muscle strength, which is shown to decrease in volume as you age. It also has benefits for your cardiovascular system. Working out also provides mental benefits, such as reduced anxiety and stress. | null | null | null | 12429 |
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null | information_extraction | Is KQKZ a commercial radio station? | KQKZ (92.1 FM "Q92.1") is a commercial radio station that is licensed to serve the community of Bakersfield, California. It is owned by Lotus Communications. Its studios are located in southwest Bakersfield, while its transmitter is located northeast of the city. It is a classic hits station branded Q92.1 (pronounced Q ninety-two-one). | Yes, it is a commercial radio station. | null | null | null | 12430 |
null | information_extraction | List the states which are part of the western ghat | The Western Ghats extend from the Satpura Range in the north, stretching from Gujarat to Tamil Nadu. It traverses south through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Kerala. Major gaps in the range are the Goa Gap, between the Maharashtra and Karnataka sections, and the Palghat Gap on the Tamil Nadu and Kerala border between the Nilgiri Mountains and the Anaimalai Hills. The mountains intercept the rain-bearing westerly monsoon winds, and are consequently an area of high rainfall, particularly on their western side. The dense forests also contribute to the precipitation of the area by acting as a substrate for condensation of moist rising orographic winds from the sea, and releasing much of the moisture back into the air via transpiration, allowing it to later condense and fall again as rain.[citation needed]
The northern portion of the narrow coastal plain between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea is known as the Konkan, the central portion is called Kanara and the southern portion is called Malabar. The foothill region east of the Ghats in Maharashtra is known as Desh, while the eastern foothills of the central Karnataka state is known as Malenadu. The range is known as Sahyadri in Maharashtra and Karnataka. The Western Ghats meet the Eastern Ghats at the Nilgiri mountains in northwestern Tamil Nadu. The Nilgiris connect the Biligiriranga Hills in southeastern Karnataka with the Shevaroys and Tirumala hills. South of the Palghat Gap are the Anamala Hills, located in western Tamil Nadu and Kerala with smaller ranges further south, including the Cardamom Hills, then Aryankavu pass, and Aralvaimozhi pass near Kanyakumari. The range is known as Sahyan or Sahian in Kerala. In the southern part of the range is Anamudi (2,695 metres (8,842 ft)), the highest peak in the Western Ghats. Ooty is called the Queen of the Western Ghats. | Western ghats stretches from Gujurat to Tamil Nadu states of India. It traverses south through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Kerala. The northern portion of western ghats is called Konkan, the central is called Kanara and the southern portion is called Malabar. | null | null | null | 12431 |
null | brainstorming | What are the best National Parks in the United States | Yosemite, Glacier, Zion, Yellowstone, Great Smoky Mountains, Rocky Mountain, Grand Teton, Acadia, Olympic, Bryce Canyon, Grand Canyon, Denali, Kenai Fjords, Arches... | null | null | null | 12432 |
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null | open_qa | Are there polar bears in Antarctica? | No, there are no polar bears in Antarctica. Polar bears are found in the northern hemisphere. | null | null | null | 12433 |
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null | general_qa | How do you add two or more numbers | You can add numbers by treating each number as a count of items and then counting all of the items to get a total result which is the sum of the numbers.
The process of adding numbers is known as addition and is one of four basic maths operations. This area of maths is known as arithmetic.
Counting the quantity of items is the same as repeatedly adding 1.
For example, adding the numbers two and three (or 2 + 3) is the same as adding one (1) two times and then adding one (1) three times. | null | null | null | 12434 |
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null | summarization | Who was Loku Nilame Adikaram Ratwatte | Loku Nilame Adikaram Ratwatte ( - 1827) (known as Ratwatte Nilame) was a courtier of the Kingdom of Kandy. He was the 2nd Adigar (Adigaram) from 1825 to 1827 during the British rule. He was one of the signatories of the Kandyan Convention which made the Kandyan Kingdom part of the British Empire. | Loku Nilame Adikaram Ratwatte was a courtier of the Kingdom of Kandy and 2nd Adigar from 1825 to 1827 during the British rule. | null | null | null | 12435 |
null | general_qa | What is the trias politica? | The trias politica is the typical separation of powers in a government - the legislative power, the executive power and the judiciary power. These powers should be independent of each other, with each performing a different function, keeping each other in check. The legislative power drafts laws and regulations that govern the society. The executive power ensures these laws and regulations are upheld in society, while the judiciary power checks the performance of the executive power in upholding those laws and regulations. | null | null | null | 12436 |
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null | summarization | What is the half-life of Iodine-125? | Iodine-125 (125I) is a radioisotope of iodine which has uses in biological assays, nuclear medicine imaging and in radiation therapy as brachytherapy to treat a number of conditions, including prostate cancer, uveal melanomas, and brain tumors. It is the second longest-lived radioisotope of iodine, after iodine-129.
Its half-life is 59.49 days and it decays by electron capture to an excited state of tellurium-125. This state is not the metastable 125mTe, but rather a lower energy state that decays immediately by gamma decay with a maximum energy of 35 keV. Some of the excess energy of the excited 125Te may be internally converted ejected electrons (also at 35 keV), or to x-rays (from electron bremsstrahlung), and also a total of 21 Auger electrons, which are produced at the low energies of 50 to 500 electron volts. Eventually, stable ground state 125Te is produced as the final decay product.
In medical applications, the internal conversion and Auger electrons cause little damage outside the cell which contains the isotope atom. The X-rays and gamma rays are of low enough energy to deliver a higher radiation dose selectively to nearby tissues, in "permanent" brachytherapy where the isotope capsules are left in place (125I competes with palladium-103 in such uses)
Because of its relatively long half-life and emission of low-energy photons which can be detected by gamma-counter crystal detectors, 125I is a preferred isotope for tagging antibodies in radioimmunoassay and other gamma-counting procedures involving proteins outside the body. The same properties of the isotope make it useful for brachytherapy, and for certain nuclear medicine scanning procedures, in which it is attached to proteins (albumin or fibrinogen), and where a half-life longer than that provided by 123I is required for diagnostic or lab tests lasting several days.
Iodine-125 can be used in scanning/imaging the thyroid, but iodine-123 is preferred for this purpose, due to better radiation penetration and shorter half-life (13 hours). 125I is useful for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) testing in the diagnosis or monitoring of patients with kidney disease. Iodine-125 is used therapeutically in brachytherapy treatments of tumors. For radiotherapy ablation of tissues that absorb iodine (such as the thyroid), or that absorb an iodine-containing radiopharmaceutical, the beta-emitter iodine-131 is the preferred isotope. | The half-life of Iodine-125 is 59.49 days. | null | null | null | 12437 |
null | summarization | what was the manhattan project during world war 2? | In June 1942, the US Army established the Manhattan Project to handle its part in the atom bomb project and began the process of transferring responsibility from the Office of Scientific Research and Development to the military. In September, Groves was appointed director of what became known as the Manhattan Project. He selected Oppenheimer to head the project's secret weapons laboratory. This choice surprised many, because Oppenheimer had left-wing political views and no record as a leader of large projects. Groves was concerned by the fact that Oppenheimer did not have a Nobel Prize and might not have had the prestige to direct fellow scientists.But he was impressed by Oppenheimer's singular grasp of the practical aspects of designing and constructing an atomic bomb and by the breadth of his knowledge. As a military engineer, Groves knew that this would be vital in an interdisciplinary project that would involve not just physics, but chemistry, metallurgy, ordnance and engineering. Groves also detected in Oppenheimer something that many others did not, an "overweening ambition" that Groves reckoned would supply the drive necessary to push the project to a successful conclusion. Isidor Rabi considered the appointment "a real stroke of genius on the part of General Groves, who was not generally considered to be a genius". | The Manhattan Project was a research and development started by the US military during the second world war to produce the first nuclear weapons. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. Leslie Groves was initially not convinced that Oppenheimer could lead other scientists, but he was impressed that Oppenheimer had such a full grasp of the subject to lead this into an actual materialized atomic bomb. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, Oppenheimer also had an extreme drive to see the project to completion. | null | null | null | 12438 |
null | general_qa | What is the oldest written complaint? | The complaint tablet to Ea-nasir was a clay tablet written in Akkadian cuneiform is considered the oldest written complaint. This tablet was written in ancient Ur in the year 1750 BCE. This tablet can be currently seen in the British Museum and has become famous in modern times by being the subject of an Internet Meme. The subject of the complaint is substandard copper ingots being sold by Ea-nasir to Nanni. Nanni sent is servant with money to complete the sale, however on arrival the copper was considered substandard and was not accepted. The complaint also states that Nanni's servant was treated rudely. | null | null | null | 12439 |
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null | open_qa | Name some famous experimental electronic music artists from the 2000s | Fennesz, Autechre, Oval, Alva Noto, Ryoji Ikeda | null | null | null | 12440 |
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null | closed_qa | What's the origin of Dog Day Afternoon? | Dog Day Afternoon is a 1975 American biographical crime drama film directed by Sidney Lumet and produced by Martin Bregman and Martin Elfand. The film stars Al Pacino, John Cazale, James Broderick, and Charles Durning. The screenplay is written by Frank Pierson and is based on the Life magazine article "The Boys in the Bank" by P. F. Kluge and Thomas Moore. The feature chronicled the 1972 robbery and hostage situation led by John Wojtowicz and Salvatore Naturile at a Chase Manhattan branch in Brooklyn. | This is a real incident that happened in NY in the mid-70s. It's about this man (played by Al Pacino) who's married to a woman. But then he also fell in love with a man. His partner said he's trapped in the wrong body. So, Al Pacino decided to rob a bank to get money for his partner's sex change. | null | null | null | 12441 |
null | brainstorming | Give me a list of the best high fantasy books or series that I should read | The Farseer trilogy, The Lord of the Rings, Mistborn series, A Song of Ice and Fire series, The Name of the Wind, Stardust, The Witcher. | null | null | null | 12442 |
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null | information_extraction | From the passage provided, extract the name of the coach of Gujarat Giants | Gujarat Giants (formerly known as Gujarat Fortunegiants) is a men's kabaddi team based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat that plays in the Pro Kabaddi League. The team is currently led by Chandran Ranjith and coached by Ram mehar Singh. The team is owned by Adani Wilmar Ltd. The Giants play their home matches at The Arena by TransStadia. They reached the final in both of their attempts in 2017 and 2018, finishing runner's up on both occasions to the Patna Pirates and Bengaluru Bulls respectively. | Gujarat Giants is coached by Ram mehar Singh | null | null | null | 12443 |
null | brainstorming | What year was the Ice Bowl played in? | Often called "The Ice Bowl", the 1967 NFL Championship was a game between the Dallas Cowboys and the Green Bay Packers. The game was played in frigid conditions, at a temperature of −15 °F (−26 °C) before wind chill. | null | null | null | 12444 |
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null | closed_qa | Based on this paragraph on Japanese bullet trains, how many cars do the longest trains have? | Trains are up to sixteen cars long. With each car measuring 25 m (82 ft) in length, the longest trains are 400 m (1⁄4 mile) end to end. Stations are similarly long to accommodate these trains. Some of Japan's high-speed maglev trains are considered Shinkansen, while other slower maglev trains (such as the Linimo maglev train line serving local community near the city of Nagoya in Aichi, Japan) are intended as alternatives to conventional urban rapid transit systems.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansen | Based on this paragraph, the longest Japanese bullets trains have 16 cars, which is determined by dividing the length of the longes trains (400m) by the length of each car (25m). | null | null | null | 12445 |
null | summarization | Which trophy was Frost able to keep and why? | Frost became interested in sport at a young age and was an all-round athlete. He won medals for running and swimming and was a prominent member of the Winchester Harriers sports club. He particularly excelled as a cyclist, entering competitive events at an early age and holding several amateur cycling records. In 1898, Frost won, within the space of a fortnight, Britain's two leading cycle racing trophies, the Bath Road 100 and the Cawardine Challenge Cup, as well as the national championship. By the time he retired he had won every important amateur cycling trophy in the nation.
He is particularly remembered for winning the Carwardine Challenge Cup, a 100-mile race held annually at the Herne Hill race track. This huge cup was donated by the vice-president of the Anerley Bicycle Club in 1895 and was made from 650 ounces of silver, with ornamentation of solid gold. The tradition at the time was that if someone won a trophy three times they could keep it. Frost, riding for the Bath Road club in Hayes, first won it in 1896, repeated the victory in 1898 and was victorious for the third time in 1900. The cup is occasionally exhibited in Winchester. | Frost was a prominent cyclist. In the late 1800s and early 1900s when he was active he was able to win the Carwardine Cup trophy and keep it. The tradition at the time was that if one could win a trophy 3 times, one could keep the trophy. Frost won this trophy in 1896, 1898 and 1900. | null | null | null | 12446 |
null | general_qa | What is the sum of angles in a triangle? | We usually look at this in a two-dimensional cartesian space , also referred to as 'euclidian geometry'. In that case the sum of angles in a triangle is always 180 degrees.
There are other geometries where this is not necessarily the case. For example in a three dimensional space that is formed as a ball you can have have triangle on the surface of teh ball where the sum of angles is 270 degrees. | null | null | null | 12447 |
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null | open_qa | Are Rainbow Trout and Steelhead the same? | Steelhead and Rainbow trout are the same species, but have different lifestyles. Steelhead spend part of their lives in the sea before going up river to breed, while rainbow trout spend their lives in freshwater. | null | null | null | 12448 |
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null | classification | Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Koi, Common Carp | Common Carp is wild, Koi is domesticated. | null | null | null | 12449 |
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null | general_qa | In Paul Simon's famous song, how many different ways are there to leave your lover? | Paul Simon tells us there are fifty ways to leave your lover. | null | null | null | 12450 |
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null | classification | Classify the below companies based on their country of origin -
LG Corporation, Samsung, Apple Inc., Tesla, Inc. | LG Corporation, Samsung - South Korea
Apple Inc., Tesla, Inc. - USA | null | null | null | 12451 |
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null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Spinet, Caval | Caval is woodwind, Spinet is string. | null | null | null | 12452 |
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null | open_qa | What are the books in Harry Potter series in order? | Harry Potter is a book series written by British author J.K. Rowling. The series was published from 1997 to 2007 with 7 books
Book 1: Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (1997)
Book 2: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (1998)
Book 3: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (1999)
Book 4: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2000)
Book 5: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2003)
Book 6: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2005)
Book 7: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (2007) | null | null | null | 12453 |
|
null | general_qa | Does my data need to fit in memory to use Spark? | No. Spark's operators spill data to disk if it does not fit in memory, allowing it to run well on any sized data. Likewise, cached datasets that do not fit in memory are either spilled to disk or recomputed on the fly when needed, as determined by the RDD's storage level. | null | null | null | 12454 |
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null | classification | Tell me whether these are nouns or verbs: Run, Dance, Slide, Jump, Think, Book, Noah Webster, Cat, Omaha, Softness, Justice. | Run is a verb.
Dance is a verb.
Slide is a verb.
Jump is a verb.
Think is a verb.
Book is a noun.
Noah Webster is a noun.
Cat is a noun.
Omaha is a noun.
Softness is a noun.
Justice is a noun. | null | null | null | 12455 |
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null | classification | Which of these are Hindu Gods and Goddesses: Ganesh, Krishna, Prachin, Kalash, Ram, Durga | Ganesh, Krishna, Ram are Hindu Gods and Durga is Hindu Goddess. | null | null | null | 12456 |
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null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Berimbau, Soku | Soku is string, Berimbau is percussion. | null | null | null | 12457 |
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null | general_qa | What happens when someone throws a phone onto a mattress? | The phone hits the mattress and causes a momentary indent on the mattress. Depending on which part of the phone hits the mattress and the angle as well as speed of the throw, the phone may jump to another spot on the mattress, or it may stay where it first made contact. Regardless, it will likely bounce a few times and then eventually stop moving. | null | null | null | 12458 |
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null | creative_writing | What is a career grand slam in professional golf? | A career grand slam is achieved when a professional golfer is able to win all of golf's major championships. These four tournaments are the Masters Tournament, the PGA Championship, the U.S. Open, and The Open Championship. No golfer in the modern era has ever completed a grand slam in the same calendar year. | null | null | null | 12459 |
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null | open_qa | Where in France do claret wines come from | Bordeaux | null | null | null | 12460 |
|
null | closed_qa | Given these paragraphs about the Tesla bot, what is its expected height and weight? | Optimus, also known as Tesla Bot, is a conceptual general-purpose robotic humanoid under development by Tesla, Inc. It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021. CEO Elon Musk claimed during the event that Tesla would likely build a prototype by 2022. Musk is on record having said that he thinks Optimus "has the potential to be more significant than the vehicle business over time."
Tesla Bot is planned to measure 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) tall and weigh 125 lb (57 kg). According to the presentation made during the first AI Day event, a Tesla Bot will be "controlled by the same AI system Tesla is developing for the advanced driver-assistance system used in its cars" and have a carrying capacity of 45 lb (20 kg). Proposed tasks for the product are ones that are "dangerous, repetitive and boring", such as providing manufacturing assistance.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot) | Tesla Bot is planned to measure 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) tall and weigh 125 lb (57 kg). | null | null | null | 12461 |
null | open_qa | What is Agent Fox Mulder's badge number? | JTT047101111 | null | null | null | 12462 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me a list of the best adventure books | Here's a list of popular adventure books:
- Into the wild, Jon Krakauer
- Into thin air, Jon Krakauer
- Arctic Dreams, Barry Lopez
- Horizon, Barry Lopez
- On Trails, Robert Moor
- Moby Dick, Herman Melville
- Treasure Island - RL Stevenson
- White Fang - Jack London
- Life of Pi - Yann Martel
- The Hobbit - J.R.R Tolkien
- Jurassic Park - Michael Crichton | null | null | null | 12463 |
|
null | brainstorming | Tell me a number of ways that one could entertain a small group of 6 year old children. | There are a quite a few ways in which to entertain a group of young children depending on their interests. Most children enjoy games, so you could find some age-appropriate board games and help them to understand the rules and play through the game. Alternatively, if you have space, you could have them play hide-and-go-seek indoors or outside, or alternatively games like 'suck in the mud' are fun for outdoor activity. For something quieter, you could find some rolls of butchers paper and drawing tools or paints and provide a theme for children to paint a mural together. | null | null | null | 12464 |
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null | classification | Which continent does the following countries belong to: USA, Sweden, China, Taiwan, Japan, Germany, Great Britain, Canada, Peru, Chile | USA belongs to the continent North America, Sweden belongs to the continent Europe, China belongs to the. continent Asia, Taiwan belongs to the continent Asia, Japan is in Asia, Germany is in Europe, Great Britain is in Europe, Canada resides in the continent North America, Peru resides in the continent South America Chile is in South America. | null | null | null | 12465 |
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null | creative_writing | Tell me about life growing up in Singapore from a local's point of view. This local must have been born in Singapore at least after 1985 and is someone who enjoys his/her time growing up in Singapore. | Life in Singapore as a 34 year old is comfortable. I grew up in a multicultural society where all races and religions respect one another. I've also grown up with a myriad of food types where going out and trying different types of food is considered a local past time activity.
As a local living in Singapore, I love traveling to nearby countries like Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand and more, all of which are less than a 4 hour flight away. I enjoy the social and financial stability of growing up in Singapore. | null | null | null | 12466 |
|
null | closed_qa | Do you know anything about the writer Joshua Braff | Joshua Braff (born October 11, 1967) is an American writer. Braff's first novel, The Unthinkable Thoughts of Jacob Green, described as a Jewish coming of age tale, was published in 2004 by Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill.
The Unthinkable Thoughts of Jacob Green was an ALA Notable Book, named to Booklist's Top 10 1st Novels List, and chosen for the Barnes & Noble Discover Great New Writers program. His second novel Peep Show was published by Algonquin in 2010.
In a four-star review of Peep Show, People said, “Braff skillfully illuminates the failures and charms of a broken family. That teen longing for adults to act their age haunts long after the final page.” | null | null | null | 12467 |
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null | general_qa | Why am I so sad all the time? | I'm not sure. I don't know the full extent of your circumstances. What I do know is that you can seek guidance and support from friends and family, and if you don't feel like you have someone close to rely on or turn to, there are many resources available for those experiencing depression, feeling isolation, or generally struggling with mental health. I encourage you to see what resources are available to you and seek professional help — sometimes talking to someone (beyond a generative AI model like me) can help. | null | null | null | 12468 |
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null | open_qa | What planning should you do to visit Walt Disney World? | You should start planning your Walt Disney World vacation at least six months in advance. First figure out your travel arrangements. If you are able to drive, you will have your own vehicle available to travel to the parks. If you fly, you will either need a rental car or will need to use other forms of transportation, such as uber or lyft. Within the Walt Disney World parks and resorts there is Disney provided transportation, but it is often crowded during peak hours such as park opening and closing. Next you will need to decide where to stay. The Walt Disney World resorts are the most convenient, but also the most expensive option. There are Walt Disney World resorts cater to different economic levels from more affordable up to more luxurious. Staying on the grounds will also often allow to enter parks earlier or stay later than the general public. Staying off the grounds is usually less expensive. There are many hotels and resorts in the Orlando area to choose from. Other options are to use a rental service such as VRBO or AirBnB to rent a property such as a house or condo for your stay. Next you need to decide on how many days in the parks you'll spend and whether you will stay in one park for an entire day or want to have the option to "park hop". Tickets are discounted for a larger number of days in the park. The "park hopper" option is a premium on top of the base ticket price. Often there are discount ticket websites but be careful about scams. The safest is to buy from Disney or a licensed travel advisor. Typically the price from a travel advisor is they same as buying from Disney. Next make a budget for how much you'll spend on food in the parks. Food is fairly pricy, but there are options from counter service all the way up to sit down restaurants and fine dining. Realize that eating in a sit down restaurant will take time away from other activities in the parks. Reservations can be made on the Disney website but are often difficult to get for some restaurants. Taking food into the park is also an option as there are lockers available at the parks to store things. Some items such as knives are not allowed, so plan ahead if food needs to be sliced. Next look at the rides and attractions that your family wants to ride and make a plan for which are the most important. A guidebook such as the Unauthorized Guide to Disney World is very helpful to provide plans for your day(s) in the parks. These guidebooks will give you help on when the lines for attractions will be shorter. Don't just try to show up in a park without some sort of plan as to which attractions to visit and when. Visiting without a plan will result in frustration, long waits, and disappointment. Also realize that you will not be able to visit all of the park attractions in one visit. As the time of your visit approaches watch the weather reports. Late afternoon thunderstorms are typical in Orlando in the summertime. Most attractions at Disney World are indoors and will continue operating during rain. Rain ponchos can be purchased in the park, but they are more expensive in park than if you bring your own. It can also be very hot during the summer, so plan on having water, sunscreen and wearing appropriate clothing for the weather. Be aware of how your party's attitude is during your visit. Visiting Disney World requires a lot of walking and also requires stamina. If people are getting tired, take a break, either in the park or back at your hotel. Don't make your visit a "death march". Also base the length of your stay in the park on the age of people in your party. Young children or elderly may require longer and more frequent breaks. One option is to go to the park in the morning, go back to your hotel in the afternoon for a dip in the pool, and return to the park later afternoon or evening. Pay attention to the park hours to know how early you can arrive and how late you can stay. Most parks have some sort of parade and fireworks show at closing. Most are very worthwhile to see. And remember above all that you should have fun. Don't be so focused on your plan of visiting attractions that you don't take advantage of spur of the moment opportunities such as interacting with characters or getting a quick photo with the family. Hopefully this will not be your only vacation at Disney World, and you want to have fond memories of your visit so that you will want to return again as soon as possible. | null | null | null | 12469 |
|
null | information_extraction | Extract a list of calendars mentioned and display the names in valid, well-formatted JSON | The course of the sun and the moon are the most salient regularly recurring natural events useful for timekeeping, and in pre-modern societies around the world lunation and the year were most commonly used as time units. Nevertheless, the Roman calendar contained remnants of a very ancient pre-Etruscan 10-month solar year.
The first recorded physical calendars, dependent on the development of writing in the Ancient Near East, are the Bronze Age Egyptian and Sumerian calendars.
During the Vedic period India developed a sophisticated timekeeping methodology and calendars for Vedic rituals. According to Yukio Ohashi, the Vedanga calendar in ancient India was based on astronomical studies during the Vedic Period and was not derived from other cultures.
A large number of calendar systems in the Ancient Near East were based on the Babylonian calendar dating from the Iron Age, among them the calendar system of the Persian Empire, which in turn gave rise to the Zoroastrian calendar and the Hebrew calendar.[citation needed] | [
"Roman calendar",
"Bronze Age Egyptian calendar",
"Sumerian calendar",
"Vedanga calendar",
"Babylonian calendar",
"Zoroastrian calendar",
"Hebrew calendar"
] | null | null | null | 12470 |
null | information_extraction | What is a geoboard made of? | A geoboard is a mathematical manipulative used to explore basic concepts in plane geometry such as perimeter, area and the characteristics of triangles and other polygons. It consists of a physical board with a certain number of nails half driven in, around which are wrapped geo bands that are made of rubber. Normal rubber bands can also be used. Geoboards were invented and popularized in the 1950s by Egyptian mathematician Caleb Gattegno (1911-1988). | A geoboard is made of a physical board, some nails, and geo bands that could be rubber bands. | null | null | null | 12471 |
null | open_qa | What is the main difference between ORC and Parquet? | Both file formats are columnar with similar support for encoding and compression. Their key difference is in how nested data is represented. In Parquet, the nested data is fully shredded into columns with additional metadata to reconstruct the nesting structure. In ORC, nested structures are not decomposed into columns. Rather the nested data value is stored as a regular column value. | null | null | null | 12472 |
|
null | open_qa | What are a few dishes you can cook with potatoes? | There are a lot of great dishes you can cook with potatoes. A few common dishes include mashed potatoes, baked potatoes, and french fries. | null | null | null | 12473 |
|
null | closed_qa | Given this paragraph about Indiana Jones, tell me who starred in the franchise films with Harrison Ford | Indiana Jones is an American media franchise based on the adventures of Dr. Henry Walton "Indiana" Jones, Jr., a fictional professor of archaeology, that began in 1981 with the film Raiders of the Lost Ark. In 1984, a prequel, The Temple of Doom, was released, and in 1989, a sequel, The Last Crusade. A fourth film followed in 2008, titled The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. A fifth and final film, titled The Dial of Destiny, is in production and is scheduled to be released in 2023. The series was created by George Lucas and stars Harrison Ford as Indiana Jones. The first four films were directed by Steven Spielberg, who worked closely with Lucas during their production.
In 1992, the franchise expanded to a television series with The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, portraying the character in his childhood and youth, and including adventures with his parents.
Marvel Comics began publishing The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones in 1983, and Dark Horse Comics gained the comic book rights to the character in 1991. Novelizations of the films have been published, as well as many novels with original adventures, including a series of German novels by Wolfgang Hohlbein, twelve novels set before the films published by Bantam Books, and a series set during the character's childhood inspired by the television show.
Numerous Indiana Jones video games have been released since 1982.
Background
During 1973, George Lucas wrote The Adventures of Indiana Smith. Like Star Wars, it was an opportunity to create a modern version of the movie serials of the 1930s and 1940s. Lucas discussed the concept with Philip Kaufman, who worked with him for several weeks and decided upon the Ark of the Covenant as the MacGuffin. The project was stalled when Clint Eastwood hired Kaufman to write The Outlaw Josey Wales. In May 1977, Lucas was in Maui, trying to escape the worldwide success of Star Wars. His friend and colleague Steven Spielberg was also there, on vacation from work on Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Spielberg told Lucas he was interested in making a James Bond film, but Lucas told him of an idea "better than James Bond", outlining the plot of Raiders of the Lost Ark. Spielberg loved it, calling it "a James Bond film without the hardware", and had the character's surname changed to Jones. Spielberg and Lucas made a deal with Paramount Pictures for five Indiana Jones films.
Spielberg and Lucas aimed to make Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom much darker, because of their personal moods following their respective breakups and divorces. Lucas made the film a prequel as he did not want the Nazis to be the villains again. He had ideas regarding the Monkey King and a haunted castle, but eventually created the Sankara Stones, that would be used in the film. He hired Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz to write the script as he knew of their interest in Indian culture. The major scenes that were dropped from Raiders of the Lost Ark were included in this film: an escape using a giant rolling gong as a shield, a fall out of a plane in a raft, and a mine cart chase. For the third film, Spielberg revisited the Monkey King and haunted castle concepts, before Lucas suggested the Holy Grail. Spielberg had previously rejected this as too ethereal, but then devised a father-son story and decided that "The Grail that everybody seeks could be a metaphor for a son seeking reconciliation with a father and a father seeking reconciliation with a son."
Following the 1989 release of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Lucas let the series end as he felt he could not think of a good plot device to drive the next installment and chose instead to produce The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, which explored the character in his early years. Ford played Indiana in one episode, narrating his adventures in 1920 Chicago. When Lucas shot Ford's role in December 1992, he realized that the scene opened up the possibility of a film with an older Indiana set in the 1950s. The film could reflect a science fiction 1950s B-movie, with aliens as the plot device. Ford disliked the new angle, telling Lucas: "No way am I being in a Steven Spielberg movie like that." Spielberg himself, who depicted aliens in Close Encounters of the Third Kind and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, resisted it. Lucas devised a story, which Jeb Stuart turned into a script from October 1993 to May 1994. Lucas wanted Indiana to get married, which would allow Henry Jones Sr. to return, expressing concern over whether his son is happy with what he has accomplished. After learning that Joseph Stalin was interested in psychic warfare, Lucas decided to have Russians as the villains and the aliens to have psychic powers. Following Stuart's next draft, Lucas hired Last Crusade writer Jeffrey Boam to write the next three versions, the last of which was completed in March 1996. Three months later, Independence Day was released, and Spielberg told Lucas he would not make another alien invasion film (or at least not until War of the Worlds in 2005). Lucas decided to focus on the Star Wars prequels instead.
In 2000, Spielberg's son asked when the next Indiana Jones film would be released, which made him interested in reviving the project. The same year, Ford, Lucas, Spielberg, Frank Marshall, and Kathleen Kennedy met during the American Film Institute's tribute to Ford, and decided they wanted to enjoy the experience of making an Indiana Jones film again. Spielberg also found returning to the series a respite from his many dark films during this period. Spielberg and Lucas discussed the central idea of a B-movie involving aliens, and Lucas suggested using crystal skulls to ground the idea. Lucas found these artifacts as fascinating as the Ark, and had intended to feature them for a Young Indiana Jones episode before the show's cancellation. M. Night Shyamalan was hired to write for an intended 2002 shoot, but he was overwhelmed by the task, and claimed it was difficult to get Ford, Spielberg, and Lucas to focus. Stephen Gaghan and Tom Stoppard were also approached.
Frank Darabont, who wrote various Young Indiana Jones episodes, was hired to write in May 2002. His script, titled Indiana Jones and the City of Gods, was set in the 1950s, with ex-Nazis pursuing Jones. Spielberg conceived the idea because of real-life figures such as Juan Perón in Argentina, who allegedly protected Nazi war criminals. Darabont claimed Spielberg loved the script, but Lucas had issues with it, and decided to take over writing himself. Lucas and Spielberg acknowledged that the 1950s setting could not ignore the Cold War, and the Russians were more plausible villains. Spielberg decided he could not satirize the Nazis after directing Schindler's List, while Ford felt "We plum wore the Nazis out." Darabont's main contribution was reintroducing Marion Ravenwood as Indiana's love interest, but he gave them a 13-year-old daughter, which Spielberg decided was too similar to The Lost World: Jurassic Park.
Jeff Nathanson met with Spielberg and Lucas in August 2004, and turned in the next drafts in October and November 2005, titled The Atomic Ants. David Koepp continued on from there, giving his script the subtitle Destroyer of Worlds, based on the J. Robert Oppenheimer quote. It was changed to Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, as Spielberg found this a more inviting title which actually named the plot device. Koepp wanted to depict the character of Mutt as a nerd, but Lucas refused, explaining he had to resemble Marlon Brando in The Wild One; "he needs to be what Indiana Jones's father thought of – the curse returns in the form of his own son – he's everything a father can't stand". Koepp collaborated with Lawrence Kasdan on the film's "love dialogue".
The Walt Disney Company has owned the Indiana Jones intellectual property since its acquisition of Lucasfilm, the series' production company, in 2012, when Lucas sold it for $4 billion. Walt Disney Studios owns the distribution and marketing rights to future Indiana Jones films since 2013, with Paramount retaining the distribution rights to the first four films and receiving "financial participation" from any additional films. Disney will distribute the fifth film Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny, which will be directed by James Mangold and produced by Spielberg.
Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
Main article: Raiders of the Lost Ark
The first film is set in 1936. Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford) is hired by government agents to locate the Ark of the Covenant, the gold plated chest containing the stone tablets Moses used to inscribe the Ten Commandments before the Nazi Germans steal it for themselves. The Nazis have teams searching for religious artefacts, including the Ark, which is rumored to make an army that carries the Ark before it invincible. The Nazis are being helped by Indiana's arch-rival and French archaeologist René Belloq (Paul Freeman). With the help of his former lover and tough bar owner Marion Ravenwood (Karen Allen) and his excavator friend Sallah (John Rhys-Davies), Indiana manages to recover the Ark in Egypt. The Nazis steal the Ark and capture Indiana and Marion. Belloq and the Nazis perform a ceremony to open the Ark, but when they do so, all they find inside is sand. Suddenly, spirits come out of the Ark and the Nazis are all killed by the Ark's wrath. Indiana and Marion, who survived by closing their eyes, manage to get the Ark to the United States, where it is stored in a secret government warehouse.
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
Main article: Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom
The second film is a prequel set in 1935, a year before Raiders of the Lost Ark. Indiana escapes Chinese gangsters led by Lao Che with the help of singer/actress Willie Scott (Kate Capshaw) and his twelve-year-old sidekick Short Round (Ke Huy Quan). The trio crash-land in India, where they come across a Punjabi village whose children have been kidnapped. The Thuggee cult led by Mola Ram (Amrish Puri) has also taken the holy Sankara Stones, which they will use to take over the world. Indiana manages to overcome Mola Ram's evil power, rescues the children and returns the stones to their rightful place, overcoming his own mercenary nature. The film has been noted as an outlier in the franchise, as it does not feature Indy's university or any antagonistic political entity, and is less focused on archaeology, being presented as a dark movie with gross-out elements, human sacrifice and torture.
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
Main article: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
The third film is set in 1938. Indiana and his friend Marcus Brody (Denholm Elliott) are assigned by American businessman Walter Donovan (Julian Glover) to find the Holy Grail. They are teamed up with Dr. Elsa Schneider (Alison Doody), following on from where Indiana's estranged father Henry (Sean Connery) left off before he disappeared. It transpires that Donovan and Elsa are in league with the Nazis, who captured Henry Jones in order to get Indiana to help them find the Grail. However, Indiana recovers his father's diary filled with his research, and manages to rescue him before finding the location of the Grail. Both Donovan and Elsa fall to the temptation of the Grail, while Indiana and Henry realize that their relationship with each other is more important than finding the relic.
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
Main article: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
The fourth film is set in 1957, nineteen years after The Last Crusade. Indiana is having a quiet life teaching before being thrust into a new adventure. He races against agents of the Soviet Union, led by Irina Spalko (Cate Blanchett) for a crystal skull. His journey takes him across Nevada, Connecticut, Peru, and the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. Indiana is faced with betrayal by one of his best friends, Mac (Ray Winstone), is introduced to a greaser named Mutt Williams (Shia LaBeouf), who turns out to be his son (his real name revealed to be Henry Jones III), and is reunited with, and eventually marries, Marion Ravenwood, who was the lead female character introduced in the first movie.
Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (2023)
Main article: Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny
A fifth film, set in 1969, is scheduled for release on June 30, 2023. The film is being directed by James Mangold, who wrote the script with Jez and John-Henry Butterworth. Spielberg was initially set to direct the film, before passing it to Mangold. Spielberg instead serves as a producer, along with Kennedy and Marshall. Ford reprises the title role, and new cast members include Phoebe Waller-Bridge, Mads Mikkelsen, Thomas Kretschmann, Boyd Holbrook, Shaunette Renée Wilson, Toby Jones and Antonio Banderas. Development of the film began in 2008, but the project stalled for years. Filming eventually began in the United Kingdom in June 2021 and wrapped in February 2022. | The American media franchise, Indiana Jones, includes five film releases. The first film release, Raiders of the Last Ark included co-stars Paul Freeman, as Rene Bellow, Karen Allen, as Marion Ravenwood, and John Rhys-Davies, as Sallah. The second film release, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom included co-stars Kate Capshaw, as Willie Scott, Ke Huy Quan as Short Round, and Amris Puri, as Mola Ram. The third film release, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade included co-stars Denholm Elliott as Marcus Brody, Julian Glover as Walter Donovan, Alison Doody as Dr. Elsa Schneider, and Sean Connery as Henry Jones. The fourth film release, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull included co-stars Cate Blanchett as Irina Spalko, Ray Winstone as Mac and Shia LaBeouf as Mutt Williams. The fifth and final film release, Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny, is scheduled to be released in June 30, 2023 and currently includes co-stars include Phoebe Waller-Bridge, Mads Mikkelsen, Thomas Kretschmann, Boyd Holbrook, Shaunette Renée Wilson, Toby Jones and Antonio Banderas. | null | null | null | 12474 |
null | brainstorming | Give me a list of hobbies | Pickleball, soccer, writing, reading, cooking, running, biking | null | null | null | 12475 |
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null | open_qa | How do you treat a dog diarrhea | You can treat a dog diarrhea by letting the dog skip one meal and give ground turkey and rice plus one packet of probiotics to the dog. You can add some veggie if you see improvement. | null | null | null | 12476 |
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null | classification | Which of the following items would I need on a surf trip? Surfboard, leash, tent, knife, wetsuit, batteries, granola bars, bag of grapes, lead weights, a dump truck, the complete collection of Beach Boys albums on vinyl. | The useful items are a surfboard, leash, wetsuit and granola bars | null | null | null | 12477 |
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null | general_qa | How large is the Earth? | The Earth's radius is 6378 kilometers, and its mass is 5.972 x 10^24 kilograms. Its surface area is about 510 million square kilometers. | null | null | null | 12478 |
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null | general_qa | What is a music chord? | A chord in music is any harmony of two or more unique notes. In western music, we tend to focus on chords comprised of three unique notes characterized as a triad. The three notes are the root note plus the third and fifth intervals above the root in a diatonic scale of the key of the desired chord. For instance, if we are creating a C Major Chord, we will use the root (C), the third interval (E), and the fifth interval (G) in the C Major scale. | null | null | null | 12479 |
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null | general_qa | What is the difference between a mechanical watch and a quartz watch? | Mechanical watches are not powered by batteries within the individual watch compartments. They are powered by gears and springs that manually need winding, maintenance, and support. This technology was developed in a time period where quartz watch technology did not exist, and as a result, needed a more simplified way of maintaining time. Since mechanical watches do not rely on a battery, they are often -/+ 2 seconds every day and need regular resetting. | null | null | null | 12480 |
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null | classification | Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: BAIC, GMC | BAIC is Chinese, GMC is American | null | null | null | 12481 |
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null | open_qa | What are four universities in the state of Texas? | Four universities in the state of Texas are University of Texas, Southern Methodist University, Texas A&M, and Texas Tech. | null | null | null | 12482 |
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null | classification | Tell me whether these auto manufacturers are located in Germany or Japan: Volkswagen, Toyota, BMW, Honda, Adam Opel, Mazda, Daimler, Subaru, Continental, Hino | Germany - Volkwagen, BMW, Adam Opel, Daimler, Continental | Japan - Toyota, Honda, Mazda, Subaru, Hino | null | null | null | 12483 |
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null | classification | Tell me which of the following have been known to attack humans: mouse, goldfish, bears, mugs, cactus, moss, nudibranches, corals, hippos, wolves. | bears, hippos, wolves | null | null | null | 12484 |
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null | general_qa | How to detect that a number is odd or even? | You can detect that by checking if the number is divisible by 2 without a reminder, for example 4/2 = 2, so 4 is an even number, however 5/2 is 2 with 1 as a reminder, so 5 is an odd number | null | null | null | 12485 |
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null | brainstorming | Name different types of paper you would see in a notebook | Blank
Dotted
Ruled
Squared | null | null | null | 12486 |
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null | general_qa | Why is the Saguaro cactus important to Arizona? | The Saguaro cactus (Saguaro Cacti) is a very rare type of cacti that only grows in the Sonoran Desert, which southern Arizona is part of. The Saguaro, can easily live a few hundred years as it takes about 50-75 years just to grow one arm. Due to new construction in Arizona, a Saguaro interfering with the location of a building must be transplanted and cannot be destroyed. The destruction of a Saguaro cactus is a class-4 felony. | null | null | null | 12487 |
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null | information_extraction | From the passage list down the location of Visa data centers. List the results in semi colon separated format. | Visa Inc. (/ˈviːzə, ˈviːsə/; stylized as VISA) is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in San Francisco, California. It facilitates electronic funds transfers throughout the world, most commonly through Visa-branded credit cards, debit cards and prepaid cards. Visa is one of the world's most valuable companies.
Visa does not issue cards, extend credit or set rates and fees for consumers; rather, Visa provides financial institutions with Visa-branded payment products that they then use to offer credit, debit, prepaid and cash access programs to their customers. In 2015, the Nilson Report, a publication that tracks the credit card industry, found that Visa's global network (known as VisaNet) processed 100 billion transactions during 2014 with a total volume of US$6.8 trillion.
Visa was founded in 1958 by Bank of America (BofA) as the BankAmericard credit card program. In response to competitor Master Charge (now Mastercard), BofA began to license the BankAmericard program to other financial institutions in 1966. By 1970, BofA gave up direct control of the BankAmericard program, forming a cooperative with the other various BankAmericard issuer banks to take over its management. It was then renamed Visa in 1976.
Nearly all Visa transactions worldwide are processed through the company's directly operated VisaNet at one of four secure data centers, located in Ashburn, Virginia; Highlands Ranch, Colorado; London, England; and Singapore. These facilities are heavily secured against natural disasters, crime, and terrorism; can operate independently of each other and from external utilities if necessary; and can handle up to 30,000 simultaneous transactions and up to 100 billion computations every second.
Visa is the world's second-largest card payment organization (debit and credit cards combined), after being surpassed by China UnionPay in 2015, based on annual value of card payments transacted and number of issued cards. However, because UnionPay's size is based primarily on the size of its domestic market in China, Visa is still considered the dominant bankcard company in the rest of the world, where it commands a 50% market share of total card payments. | Ashburn, Virginia; Highlands Ranch, Colorado; London, England; Singapore | null | null | null | 12488 |
null | closed_qa | Why are drill jigs less commonly used today than they were in the past? | A drill jig is a type of jig that expedites repetitive hole center location on multiple interchangeable parts by acting as a template to guide the twist drill or other boring device into the precise location of each intended hole center. In metalworking practice, typically a hardened drill bushing lines each hole on the jig plate to keep the tool from damaging the jig.
Drill jigs started falling into disuse with the invention of the jig borer.
Since the widespread penetration of the manufacturing industry by CNC machine tools, in which servo controls are capable of moving the tool to the correct location automatically, the need for drill jigs (and for the jobs of the drill press operators who used them) is much less than it used to be. | Because of CNC machine tooling, which automate much of the drilling process | null | null | null | 12489 |
null | open_qa | Can birds sleep in the air? | The sooty tern only lands to breed and rear its young. It eats, sleeps, and drinks while flying and can stay airborne for ten years! An albatross also sleeps while it flies! It can doze while cruising at 25mph. | null | null | null | 12490 |
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null | closed_qa | What do giant Pandas eats? | The giant panda is a bear species endemic to China. It is a Carnivora, the giant panda is a folivore, with bamboo shoots and leaves making up more than 99% of its diet. | the giant panda is a folivore, with bamboo shoots and leaves making up more than 99% of its diet. | null | null | null | 12491 |
null | information_extraction | Based on the following passage, extract recorded instructions for housekeepers from around 100 BC. | Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness.
The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples.
The date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue.
Figs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form.
Grape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs.
From the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency.
Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: "She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year."
Figs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals.
Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices. | Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: "She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year." | null | null | null | 12492 |
null | closed_qa | Given the reference text about the genus Banksia, tell me how many species of Banksia there are and what size they can grow to. | Banksia is a genus of around 170 species in the plant family Proteaceae. These Australian wildflowers and popular garden plants are easily recognised by their characteristic flower spikes, and fruiting "cones" and heads. Banksias range in size from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall. They are found in a wide variety of landscapes: sclerophyll forest, (occasionally) rainforest, shrubland, and some more arid landscapes, though not in Australia's deserts. | There are around 170 species of Banksia. Banksias range in size from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall. | null | null | null | 12493 |
null | classification | Classify each of the following as either a stringed instrument or a percussion instrument: violin, guitar, drums, congas, bongos, bass guitar. | The violin, guitar and bass guitar are stringed instruments. Drums, congas, and bongos are percussion instruments. | null | null | null | 12494 |
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null | closed_qa | Given these paragraphs about Natural hydrogen, can you name some of the countries where sources have been identified? | Natural hydrogen (known as white hydrogen), is naturally occurring molecular hydrogen on or in Earth (as opposed to hydrogen produced in the laboratory or in industry). The name white hydrogen distinguishes it from green hydrogen, which is produced from renewable energy sources, and from grey, brown or black hydrogen, which is obtained from fossil sources or from the electrolysis of water. Natural hydrogen may be renewable, non-polluting and allows for lower cost operation compared to industrial hydrogen. Natural hydrogen has been identified in many source rocks in areas beyond the sedimentary basins where oil companies typically operate.
Origin of natural hydrogen
There are several sources of natural hydrogen:
- degassing of deep hydrogen from the Earth's crust and mantle;
- reaction of water with ultrabasic rocks (serpentinisation);
- contact of water with reducing agents in the Earth's mantle;
- interaction of water with freshly exposed rock surfaces (weathering);
- decomposition of hydroxyl ions in the structure of minerals;
- Natural radiolysis of water;
- decomposition of organic matter;
- biological activity
- Extraction
- Natural hydrogen is extracted from wells, mixed with other gases such as nitrogen or helium.
Several sources have been identified in France. Geologists Alain Prinzhofer and Eric Derville have demonstrated the existence of large reservoirs in a dozen countries, including Mali and the United States. However, their potential remains difficult to assess.
Numerous emanations on the ocean floor have been identified but are difficult to exploit. The discovery of a significant emergence in Russia in 2008 suggests the possibility of extracting native hydrogen in geological environments.
Geology
Natural hydrogen is generated continuously from a variety of natural sources. There are many known hydrogen emergences on mid-ocean ridges. Another of the known reactions, serpentinisation, occurs under the sea floor (in the oceanic crust).
Diagenetic origin (iron oxidation) in the sedimentary basins of cratons, notably in Russia. Other sources are being explored, such as mantle hydrogen, or hydrogen from radiolysis (natural electrolysis) or from bacterial activity. In France, the Alps and Pyrenees are suitable for exploitation. New Caledonia has hyperalkaline sources that show dihydrogen emissions. A large accumulation of natural hydrogen was discovered in Bourakebougou (Mali).
Characteristics
Dihydrogen is very soluble in fresh water, especially at depth (solubility increases with pressure).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_hydrogen | Several sources have been identified in France. Geologists Alain Prinzhofer and Eric Derville have demonstrated the existence of large reservoirs in a dozen countries, including Mali and the United States. However, their potential remains difficult to assess. | null | null | null | 12495 |
null | classification | Which of the following countries are monarchies? United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, United States, Russia, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Spain | The monarchies in that list are the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Spain | null | null | null | 12496 |
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null | brainstorming | As a Manager, how can I use Clifford's Strengthsfinder? | Strengthsfinder is a tool that has been used by 30 million people worldwide. It's an assessment that measures one's strengths across 34 potential strengths. There is no strength better than the other. It's more a matter how much you actually leverage the strength that you have.
As a manager, here is how you can use it:
- Use it in 1:1s with your team members: For career development, or provide stretch assignments to focus on 1-2 strengths
- Develop a team aggregate: Where are we strong as a team? What strengths are missing? Who is strong in a particular area and can be the expert?
- Use it for team building: During a team meeting have team members present their top 5 strengths. People will get to know each other under a different light.
- Integrate new team members
- Develop new managers: How can they use their strengths? How can the strengths hold them back? | null | null | null | 12497 |
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null | brainstorming | I'm looking to learn a new programming language. Can you recommend one? | Which programming language to learn depends on what type of programming you want to do. Python is an easy to learn, general purpose language that is quite popular. If you are aspiring to do front end development work, JavaScript would be a good choice. If you are an experienced developer looking for a high performance language, Rust might be an appropriate choice as it's gaining popularity. | null | null | null | 12498 |
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null | information_extraction | What are the names of the social insects that are mentioned? | Solitary bees, such as leafcutters, do not form colonies. Unlike social insects (ants, yellow jackets, honeybees), leafcutters work alone building isolated nests. Similar to honeybees, female bees perform nearly all essential tasks of brood rearing. These native insects perform essential tasks, pollinating wild plants. The alfalfa leaf cutter bee (Megachile rotundata), native to Europe, has been semi-domesticated for crop pollination. In North America, the species was deliberately imported to assist in the pollination of food crops, but has now become feral and widespread. | ants, yellow jackets, honeybees | null | null | null | 12499 |
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