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null | brainstorming | List high quality binge worthy tv shows | Breaking Bad, Sons of Anarchy, Homeland, The Sopranos, Mind Hunter, Shameless | null | null | null | 12300 |
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null | open_qa | What are the words of House Wendwater? | "For All Seasons" | null | null | null | 12301 |
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null | closed_qa | Are leafcutters solitary or social insects? | Solitary bees, such as leafcutters, do not form colonies. Unlike social insects (ants, yellow jackets, honeybees), leafcutters work alone building isolated nests. Similar to honeybees, female bees perform nearly all essential tasks of brood rearing. These native insects perform essential tasks, pollinating wild plants. The alfalfa leaf cutter bee (Megachile rotundata), native to Europe, has been semi-domesticated for crop pollination. In North America, the species was deliberately imported to assist in the pollination of food crops, but has now become feral and widespread. | solitary | null | null | null | 12302 |
null | classification | Tell me whether these clothes are formal or informal: suit, tuxedo, bathing suit, gym shorts, slacks, tank top | Suit: Formal
Tuxedo: Formal
Bathing Suit: Informal
Gym Shorts: Informal
Slacks: Formal
Tank Top: Informal | null | null | null | 12303 |
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null | summarization | Was Valery Ivanov a spy | Valery Nikolayevich Ivanov (Russian: Валерий Николаевич Иванов) (born 1948) was a Soviet diplomat.
As First Secretary of the Soviet Embassy to Australia, he was expelled on 22 April 1983 under suspicion of being a spy after allegedly trying to recruit Australian Labor Party member David Combe, see Combe-Ivanov affair. | Valery Nikolayevich Ivanov was born in 1948 and was a Soviet diplomat.
As First Secretary of the Soviet Embassy to Australia, he was expelled on 22 April 1983 under suspicion of being a spy after allegedly trying to recruit Australian Labor Party member David Combe. | null | null | null | 12304 |
null | open_qa | Why are visualisations useful for communicating information? | There are several reasons that visualisations are useful for communicating information. One reason is that the messages we are trying to convey can often be based on large amounts of data. In this case, visualisations can provide a useful way of summarising the data to present significant patterns in an easily consumable manner. Another reason worth highlighting is that the choice of the right visualisations can direct the viewer to a conclusion, for example a heat-map might concentrate the viewers attention to a particular set of data points. | null | null | null | 12305 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me some good stock investing tips. | Based on some quotes from Legendary investors like Barren Buffet, Charlie Munger, Peter Lynch, etc, one must keep the following things in mind. Please bear in mind that this is for informational purpose and user should do their own research before investing in stock market.
1. Bear in mind that investing is always associated with risk. So please put your money accordance to your investing style.
2. Invest in companies that ideally should be in your circle of competence and the ones that understand. Don't gamble with your money.
3. Always do your own research and not buy or sell a stock based on influencers, your relatives, friends, etc. Investment is an active decision, and like any other decision, you are responsible for your own judgements.
4. Warren Buffet famously said something along these lines, "Rule number 1 of investing is Never Lose Money. And second rule is to never forget rule number 1". So message is clear.
5. Think about long term and don't let the short term fluctuations cloud your stock investment judgement. | null | null | null | 12306 |
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null | summarization | Based on this paragraph, what are the main applications of DNA Sequencing? | DNA sequencing may be used to determine the sequence of individual genes, larger genetic regions (i.e. clusters of genes or operons), full chromosomes, or entire genomes of any organism. DNA sequencing is also the most efficient way to indirectly sequence RNA or proteins (via their open reading frames). In fact, DNA sequencing has become a key technology in many areas of biology and other sciences such as medicine, forensics, and anthropology. | DNA sequencing, can be used in many areas of healthcare and life sciences. For example, it can be used to identify the entire genome of an organism, or be used in areas such as medicine, forensics and anthropology. | null | null | null | 12307 |
null | creative_writing | Can you explain the lyrics “His whole back's to these ropes, it don't matter, he's dope” in the song lose yourself by Eminem? | “Back’s to these ropes” is another way of saying that Rabbit, the main character of the song, is in a difficult situation; his back is against the wall. Eminem is comparing the rap battle that Rabbit takes part in at the end of 8 Mile to the sport of boxing, where the ring is surrounded by ropes. | null | null | null | 12308 |
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null | closed_qa | Given this background text about the Byzantine Empire, which empire can the Byzantines trace their origins? | The Byzantine Empire,[note 1] also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople. It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire remained the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. The terms "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" were coined after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire and to themselves as Romans[note 2]—a term which Greeks continued to use for themselves into Ottoman times. Although the Roman state continued and its traditions were maintained, modern historians prefer to differentiate the Byzantine Empire from Ancient Rome as it was centered on Constantinople instead of Rome, oriented towards Greek rather than Latin culture, and was characterized by Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
During the high period of the Roman Empire known as the Pax Romana, the western parts of the empire went through Latinization, while the eastern parts of the empire maintained to a large degree their Hellenistic culture. Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the period of transition during which the Roman Empire's Greek East and Latin West diverged. Constantine I (r. 324–337) reorganized the empire, made Constantinople the capital, and legalized Christianity. Under Theodosius I (r. 379–395), Christianity became the state religion, and other religious practices were proscribed. In the reign of Heraclius (r. 610–641), the empire's military and administration were restructured, and Greek was gradually adopted for official use in place of Latin.
The borders of the empire fluctuated through several cycles of decline and recovery. During the reign of Justinian I (r. 527–565), the empire reached its greatest extent after the fall of the west, re-conquering much of the historically Roman western Mediterranean coast, including Africa, Italy and Rome, which it held for two more centuries. The Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 exhausted the empire's resources, and during the early Muslim conquests of the 7th century, it lost its richest provinces, Egypt and Syria, to the Rashidun Caliphate. It then lost Africa to the Umayyads in 698, before the empire was rescued by the Isaurian dynasty.
During the Macedonian dynasty (9th–11th centuries), the empire expanded again and experienced the two-century-long Macedonian Renaissance, which came to an end with the defeat by Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. Civil wars and the ensuing Seljuk invasion led to the loss of most of Asia Minor. The empire recovered during the Komnenian restoration, and by the 12th century, Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city in Europe.
The empire was delivered a mortal blow during the Fourth Crusade when Constantinople was sacked in 1204 and the territories that the empire formerly governed were divided into competing Byzantine Greek and Latin realms. Despite the eventual recovery of Constantinople in 1261, the Byzantine Empire remained only one of several small rival states in the area for the final two centuries of its existence. Its remaining territories were progressively annexed by the Ottomans in the Byzantine–Ottoman wars over the 14th and 15th centuries.
The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 marked the end of the Byzantine Empire. Refugees fleeing the city after its capture would settle in Italy and other parts of Europe, helping to ignite the Renaissance. The Empire of Trebizond was conquered eight years later when its eponymous capital surrendered to Ottoman forces after it was besieged in 1461. The last Byzantine rump state, the Principality of Theodoro, was conquered by the Ottomans in 1475. Arguments can be made that the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottomans is one of several factors contributing to the end of the Middle Ages and the start of the early modern period.[not verified in body] | The Byzantine Empire traces it's origins to the Roman Empire | null | null | null | 12309 |
null | information_extraction | Who was involved with the epic poker league? | The Epic Poker League was a series of poker tournaments which took place in 2011, organised by Federated Sports + Gaming. Former World Series of Poker commissioner Jeffrey Pollack served as Executive Chairman, professional poker player Annie Duke was Commissioner, and Matt Savage was Tournament Director. The three events held took place at the Palms Casino Resort in Las Vegas, Nevada. Season One received television coverage on CBS and Velocity Network.
The League was exclusionary in that it was only open to poker players who met certain qualification criteria for multimillion-dollar lifetime earnings, multiple wins and/or cashes at high level tournaments, and who were supposed to maintain adherence to a specifically defined Code of Conduct.
On 29 February 2012, Federated Sports + Gaming announced that it had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The Epic Poker League brand was among the assets acquired by Pinnacle Entertainment, Inc., at a bankruptcy auction in June 2012. | The following people were involved with the Epic Poker League:
- Former World Series of Poker commissioner Jeffrey Pollack (Executive Chairman)
- Professional poker player Annie Duke (Commissioner)
- Matt Savage (Tournament Director) | null | null | null | 12310 |
null | classification | True or false, fish live on land? | False. Fish live in the water. | null | null | null | 12311 |
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null | open_qa | What is APR? | The term annual percentage rate of charge (APR), corresponding sometimes to a nominal APR and sometimes to an effective APR (EAPR), is the interest rate for a whole year (annualized), rather than just a monthly fee/rate, as applied on a loan, mortgage loan, credit card, etc. It is a finance charge expressed as an annual rate.
Those terms have formal, legal definitions in some countries or legal jurisdictions, but in the United States:
(1) The nominal APR is the simple-interest rate (for a year).
(2) The effective APR is the fee+compound interest rate (calculated across a year). | null | null | null | 12312 |
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null | open_qa | What are the options to get from South Shields to North Shields by public transport and which is the quickest option | There are 3 options to get from South Shields to North Shields. 1) Take the Shields Ferry from South Shields to North Fields, 2) take the Metro Yellow Line from South Shields to Jarrow and at Jarrow transfer to the number 10 bus to North Shields, 3) take the Metro Yellow Line from South Shields towards St James via Whitley Bay, getting off at the North Shields stop. The quickest option is the Shields Ferry, which takes approximately 35 minutes | null | null | null | 12313 |
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null | closed_qa | Based on this reference text about bull sharks, why can bull sharks live in both salt and fresh water? | The bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas), also known as the Zambezi shark (informally zambi) in Africa and Lake Nicaragua shark in Nicaragua, is a species of requiem shark commonly found worldwide in warm, shallow waters along coasts and in rivers. It is known for its aggressive nature, and presence mainly in warm, shallow brackish and freshwater systems including estuaries and (usually) lower reaches of rivers.
Bull sharks are euryhaline and can thrive in both salt and fresh water. They are known to travel far up rivers, and have been known to travel up the Mississippi River as far as Alton, Illinois, about 1,100 kilometres (700 mi) from the ocean, but few freshwater interactions with humans have been recorded. Larger-sized bull sharks are probably responsible for the majority of nearshore shark attacks, including many incidents of shark bites attributed to other species.
Unlike the river sharks of the genus Glyphis, bull sharks are not true freshwater sharks, despite their ability to survive in freshwater habitats. | Bull sharks can live in both salt and fresh water because they are euryhaline. | null | null | null | 12314 |
null | summarization | Who painted the Two Monkeys | Two Monkeys or Two Chained Monkeys is a 1562 painting by Dutch and Flemish Renaissance artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder. The work is now in the Gemäldegalerie (Painting Gallery) of the Berlin State Museums. | The two Monkeys is a painting by Dutch and Flemish Renaissance artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder. | null | null | null | 12315 |
null | general_qa | What do people usually do at a birthday party? | It is traditional for people to celebrate their birthdays with a party by inviting friends and family. You usually see a birthday cake with candles. People like to sing the "happy birthday" song together. Often there can be games come along designed by the host. For example, some people may prepare trivia questions related to their personal hobbies for attendees to answer. Balloons, flowers, banners are common decorations at a birthday party. | null | null | null | 12316 |
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null | information_extraction | From the passage provided, extract the two main changes from the 2022 and 2023 J1 Japanese football league. | There were two teams relegated last season to the 2023 J2 League. Shimizu S-Pulse and Júbilo Iwata, both from Shizuoka Prefecture, were relegated due to them finishing 17th and 18th respectively the previous season. Thus, this is the first Japanese top-flight season to not feature any team from the region.
Kyoto Sanga finished on 16th place, but won the promotion/relegation playoffs against Roasso Kumamoto and thus retained their top league status. Had Roasso won, it would have been their first ever promotion to the top-flight.
Two teams were promoted from the 2022 J2 League: Albirex Niigata, who won the title and returned to J1 after a five-year absence, and Yokohama FC, who finished second, returning to the J1 after just a season playing on the J2 League. | After the 2022 J1 season Shimizu S-Pulse and Jubilo Iwata were relegated to the J2 league, finishing 17th and 18th respectively. They will be replaced in the 2023 J1 season with Albirex Niigata and Yokohoma FC after finishing their J2 2022 campaign 1st and 2nd. | null | null | null | 12317 |
null | general_qa | Generate word problem on ratios suitable for grade 10 | An aquarium has a total of 120 animals, out of which 40 are amphibians and the rest are fish. What is the ratio of amphibians to the total number of animals in the aquarium? | null | null | null | 12318 |
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null | open_qa | How many seasons of Greatest American Hero were there? | There were three seasons of The Greatest American Hero. | null | null | null | 12319 |
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null | open_qa | What is room temperature? | Room temperature is a range of air temperatures that most people prefer for indoor settings. This range is generally accepted to be around 20–22 °C or 68–72 °F. While it is subjective to opinion, keeping temperatures outside of these ranges can lead to discomfort and even aggression. | null | null | null | 12320 |
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null | information_extraction | From the passage identify the founders of Confinity. Display the results in comma separated format. | PayPal was originally established by Max Levchin, Peter Thiel, and Luke Nosek in December 1998 as Confinity, a company that developed security software for hand-held devices. Having had no success with that business model, however, it switched its focus to a digital wallet. The first version of the PayPal electronic payments system was launched in 1999.
In March 2000, Confinity merged with x.com, an online financial services company founded in March 1999 by Elon Musk, Harris Fricker, Christopher Payne, and Ed Ho. Musk was optimistic about the future success of the money transfer business Confinity was developing. Musk and Bill Harris, then-president and CEO of X.com, disagreed about the potential future success of the money transfer business and Harris left the company in May 2000. In October of that year, Musk decided that X.com would terminate its other internet banking operations and focus on payments. That same month, Elon Musk was replaced by Peter Thiel as CEO of X.com, which was renamed PayPal in June 2001 and went public in 2002. PayPal's IPO listed under the ticker PYPL at $13 per share and generated over $61 million. | Max Levchin, Peter Thiel, Luke Nosek | null | null | null | 12321 |
null | information_extraction | list the different types of biryani | In the Indian subcontinent
Hyderabadi vegetable biryani served in Tampa, U.S.
Biryani of Lahore
There are many types of biryani, whose names are often based on their region of origin. For example, Sindhi biryani developed in the Sindh region of what is now Pakistan, and Hyderabadi biryani developed in the city of Hyderabad in South India.
Some have taken the name of the shop that sells it, for example: Haji Biriyani, Haji Nanna Biriyani in Old Dhaka, Fakhruddin Biriyani in Dhaka, Students biryani in Karachi, Lucky biryani in Bandra, Mumbai and Baghdadi biryani in Colaba, Mumbai. Biryanis are often specific to the Muslim communities where they originate; they are usually the defining dishes of those communities.
Ambur/Vaniyambadi biryani
Ambur/Vaniyambadi biryani is a variety cooked in the neighboring towns of Ambur and Vaniyambadi in the Tirupattur district of the northeastern part of Tamil Nadu, which has a high Muslim population. It was introduced by the Nawabs of Arcot who once ruled the area. It is typically made with jeera samba rice.
The Ambur/Vaniyambadi biryani is accompanied by dhalcha, a sour brinjal curry, and pachadi or raitha (sliced onions mixed with plain yogurt, tomato, chilies, and salt). It has a distinctive aroma and is considered light on the stomach. The usage of spice is moderate and curd is used as a gravy base. It also has a higher ratio of meat to rice. Ambur-style biriyani is popular as street food all across South India.
Beef/Kalyani biryani
Beef biryani
Beef biryani, as the name implies, uses beef as the meat. In Hyderabad, it is famous as Kalyani biryani, in which buffalo or cow meat is used. This meal was started after the Kalyani Nawabs of Bidar came to Hyderabad sometime in the 18th century. The Kalyani biryani is made with small cubes of beef, regular spices, onions, and many tomatoes. It has a distinct tomato, jeera and dhania flavour. In Kerala, beef biryani is well known. The Bhatkali biryani is a special variant where the main ingredient is onion. Its variations include beef, goat, chicken, titar, egg, fish, crab, prawn, and vegetable biryani.
Bhatkali/Navayathi biryani
This is an integral part of the Navayath cuisine and a specialty of Bhatkal, a coastal town in Karnataka. Its origins are traced to the Persian traders who left behind not only biryani but a variation of kababs and Indian breads. In Bhatkali biryani, the meat is cooked in an onion and green chili-based masala and layered with fragrant rice. It has a unique spicy and heady flavour, and the rice is overwhelmingly white with mild streaks of orange.
Though similar to those in Thalassery, this biryani differs with lingering after-notes of mashed onions laced with garlic. A few chilies and spices littered with curry leaves lends a unique flavour to Bhatkal biryani. No oil is used.
Bohri biryani
Bohri biryani, prepared by the Bohris is flavoured with lots of tomatoes. It is popular in Karachi.
Chettinad biryani
Chettinad biryani is famous in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is made of jeeraka samba rice, and smells of spices and ghee. It is best taken with nenju elumbu kuzhambu, a spicy and tangy goat meat gravy[citation needed]. The podi kozhi is usually topped with fried onions and curry leaves.
Degh Biryani
Degh Biryani especially served in Parbhani District and surroundings
Degh Ki biryani/Akhni Biryani of Parbhani
Degh ki biryani is a typical biryani made from small cubes of beef or mutton. This biryani is famous in Parbhani and generally served at weddings.
The meat is flavoured with ginger, garlic, red chili, cumin, garam masala, fried onion and curd. This biryani is also known as kachay gosht ki biryani or dum biryani, where the meat is marinated and cooked along with short grain and fine rice. It is left on a slow fire or dum for a fragrant and aromatic flavour.
Delhi biryani
The Delhi version of biryani developed a unique local flavour as the Mughal kings shifted their political capital to the North Indian city of Delhi. Until the 1950s, most people cooked biryani in their home and rarely ate at eateries outside of their homes. Hence, restaurants primarily catered to travellers and merchants. Any region that saw more of these two classes of people nurtured more restaurants, and thus their own versions of biryani. This is the reason why most shops that sold biryani in Delhi, tended to be near mosques such as Jama Masjid (for travellers) or traditional shopping districts (such as Chandni Chowk).
Each part of Delhi has its own style of biryani, often based on its original purpose, thus giving rise to Nizamuddin biryani, Shahjahanabad biryani, etc. Nizamuddin biryani usually had little expensive meat and spices as it was primarily meant to be made in bulk for offering at the Nizamuddin Dargah shrine and thereafter to be distributed to devotees. A non-dum biryani, using many green chillies, popularized by the Babu Shahi Bawarchi shops located outside the National Sports Club in Delhi is informally called Babu Shahi biryani. Another version of Delhi biryani uses achaar (pickles) and is called achaari biryani.
Dhakaiya biryani
Dhakaiya biriyani
The city of Dhaka in Bangladesh is known for selling Chevon Biryani, a dish made with highly seasoned rice and goat meat. The recipe includes: highly seasoned rice, goat meat, mustard oil, garlic, onion, black pepper, saffron, clove, cardamom, cinnamon, salt, lemon, doi, peanuts, cream, raisins and a small amount of cheese (either from cows or buffalo). Haji biryani is a favourite among Bangladeshis living abroad. A recipe was handed down by the founder of one Dhaka restaurant to the next generation. Haji Mohammad Shahed claimed, "I have never changed anything, not even the amount of salt".
Dhakaiya Kacchi Biryani is accompanied by borhani, a salted mint drink made of yogurt, coriander, mint and salt.
Dindigul biryani
The Dindigul town of Tamil Nadu is noted for its biryani, which uses a little curd and lemon juice for a tangy taste.
Donne biryani
Military hotels of Bangalore in Karnataka are known for selling Biryani served in dried plantain pouches called Donne available in .It is made typically made from jeera samba rice, yogurt with lot of common mint and coriander leaves,
Hyderabadi biryani
Main article: Hyderabadi biryani
Hyderabadi Chicken Biryani
Hyderabadi biryani is India’s most famous biryani; some say biryani is synonymous with Hyderabad. The crown dish of Hyderabadi Cuisine, Hyderabadi biryani developed under the rule of Asaf Jah I, who was first appointed as the governor of Deccan by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. It is made with basmati rice, spices and goat meat. Popular variations use chicken instead of goat meat. There are various forms of Hyderabadi biryani, such as kachay gosht ki biryani or dum biryani, where goat meat is marinated and cooked along with the rice. It is left on a slow fire or dum for a fragrant and aromatic flavour.
Memoni/Kutchi biryani
Memoni biryani is an extremely spicy variety developed by the Memons of Gujarat-Sindh region in India and Pakistan. It is made with mutton, dahi, fried onions, and potatoes, and fewer tomatoes compared to Sindhi biryani.
Kalyani biryani
Kalyani biryani is a typical biryani from the former state of Hyderabad Deccan. Also known as the "poor man's" Hyderabadi biryani, Kalyani biryani is always made from small cubes of buffalo meat.
The meat is flavoured with ginger, garlic, turmeric, red chili, cumin, coriander powder, and much onion and tomato. It is first cooked as a thick curry and then cooked along with rice. Then given dum (the Indian method of steaming in a covered pot).
Kalyani biryani is supposed to have originated in Bidar during the reign of the Kalyani Nawabs, who migrated to Hyderabad after one of the Nawabs, Ghazanfur Jang married into the Asaf Jahi family uniting their realms. Kalyani biryani was served by the Kalyani Nawabs to all of their subjects who came from Bidar to Hyderabad and stayed or visited their devdi or noble mansion.
Kolkata biryani
Kolkata biryani
Calcutta or Kolkata biryani evolved from the Lucknow style, when Awadh's last Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was exiled in 1856 to the Kolkata suburb of Metiabruz. Shah brought his personal chef with him. The Kolkata biriyani is characterized by the unique presence of potato in it, along with meat and egg ('dim' in Bengali). It is said that the Nawab, having is lost his kingdom, could not afford meat, so his chefs tried to compensate by adding potatoes. But serious historians have rejected this as a myth. When Wajid Ali Shah arrived in Kolkata, the potato was an exotic vegetable in India and the former Nawab of Awadh, being a connoisseur of great food encouraged their chefs to try new ingredients in the dish. The Kolkata biryani is much lighter on spices but high on flavours.
Rawther biryani
This type of biryani is popular in the Palakkad and Coimbatore regions. This was most commonly prepared by Rawther families in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. This type of biryani is cooked in a different style. Goat meat is most commonly used and it is entirely different from Malabar biryani.[citation needed]
Sindhi biryani
Sindhi biryani
The exotic and aromatic Sindhi biryani is known in Pakistan for its spicy taste, fragrant rice, and delicate meat. Sindhi biryani is a beloved staple in food menus of Pakistani and Sindhi cuisine. Sindhi biryani is prepared with meat and a mixture of basmati rice, vegetables, and various spices.
Sri Lankan biryani
Sri Lankan chicken biryani
Biryani was brought into Sri Lanka by the South Indian Muslims who were trading in the Northern part of Sri Lanka and in Colombo in the early 1900s.[citation needed] In Sri Lanka, it is Buryani, a colloquial word which generated from Buhari Biryani. In many cases, Sri Lankan biryani is much spicier than most Indian varieties. Side dishes may include acchar, Malay pickle, cashew curry and mint sambol.[citation needed]
Thalassery biryani
Main article: Thalassery cuisine
Thalassery biryani
Thalassery biryani is the variation of biryani found in the Indian state of Kerala. It is one of the many dishes of the Malabar Muslim community, and very popular.
The ingredients are chicken, spices and the specialty is the choice of rice called khyma. Khyma rice is generally mixed with ghee. Although a large number of spices such as mace, cashew nuts, sultana raisins, fennel-cumin seeds, tomato, onion, ginger, garlic, shallot, cloves and cinnamon are used, there is only a small amount of chili (or chili powder) used in its preparation.
A pakki biryani, the Thalassery biryani uses a small-grained thin (not round) fragrant variety of rice known as khyma or jeerakasala. The dum method of preparation (sealing the lid with dough or cloth and placing red-hot charcoal above the lid) is applied here to avoid scorched rice. | 1. Ambur/Vaniyambadi biryani
2. Beef/Kalyani Biryani
3. Bhatkali/Navayathi biryani
4. Bohri Biryani
5. Chettinad Biryani
6. Degh Ki biryani
7. Delhi biryani
8. Dhakaiya biryani
9. Dindigul biryani
10. Donne biryani
11. Hyderabadi biryani
12. Memoni/Kutchi biryani
13. Kolkata biryani
14. Rawther biryani
15. Sindhi biryani
16. Sri Lankan biryani
17. Thalassery biryani | null | null | null | 12322 |
null | open_qa | When did the England national team last win the football World Cup | In 1966 the England football team won the FIFA World Cup, defeating West Germany 4-2 | null | null | null | 12323 |
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null | open_qa | Name some female characters from "The X-Files." | Dana Scully, Marita Covarrubias, Melissa Scully, Margaret Scully, Leyla Harrison, Teena Mulder, Samantha Mulder, Diana Fowley, Monica Reyes, Cassandra Spender | null | null | null | 12324 |
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null | classification | Which of the following animals is a mammal: Human, Dog, Elephants, Cat, Bats, Goat, Bears, Sheep, Wolf, Lion, Squirrel, Koala, Cheetah, Deer, Orca, Gorillas, Camel, Hamsters, Hedgehog, Blue whale, Chimpanzee | All of them are mammals! They have very distinct characteristics and live in different environments. However, it's characteristic of mammals that they have three middle ear bones, milk-producing mammary glands, neocortex brain regions, and fur or hair. | null | null | null | 12325 |
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null | summarization | Can you please tell some details about Malhar Rao Holkar from the given text? | Malhar Rao Holkar (1694–1766), a Maratha chief serving Peshwa Baji Rao, established the dynasty's rule over Indore. In the 1720s, he led Maratha armies in Malwa region, and in 1733 was granted 9 parghanas in the vicinity of Indore by the Peshwa. The township of Indore had already existed as an independent principality established by Nandlal Mandloi of Kampel, Nandlal Mandloi was won by the Maratha force and allowed them to camp across the Khan River. In 1734, Malhar Rao established a camp later called Malharganj. In 1747, he started the construction of his royal palace, the Rajwada. By the time of his death, he ruled much of Malwa, and was acknowledged as one of the five virtually independent rulers of the Maratha Confederacy.
He was succeeded by Ahilyabai Holkar (r. 1767–1795), his daughter-in-law. She was born in the Chaundi village in Maharashtra. She moved the capital to Maheshwar, south of Indore on the Narmada River. Rani Ahilyabai was a prolific builder and patron of Hindu temples in Maheshwar and Indore. She also built temples at sacred sites outside her kingdom, from Dwarka in Gujarat east to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple at Varanasi on the Ganges. | 1. Malhar Rao Holkar (1694–1766), a Maratha , established the Dynasty 's rule over Indore.
2.In the 1720s he led Maratha armies in Malwa region and in1733 was granted 9 parghanas in the vicinity of Indore by the peshwa.
3. The township of Indore had already existed as an independent principality established by Nandlal Mandloi of kampel
4. Nandlal Mandloi was won by Maratha force and allowed them to camp across the Khan river.
5.In 1734, Malhar Rao established a camp later called Malhar ganj.
6. In 1747,he started the construction of his royal palace,the Rajwada. | null | null | null | 12326 |
null | general_qa | Why do humans need sunshine? | It makes people feel warm. It also provides vitamin D to make people more energetic. Without enough sunshine, people can become depressed. | null | null | null | 12327 |
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null | open_qa | What are the advantages and disadvantages of learning Java over Python? | Java and Python are two of the most popular programming languages. Of the two, Java is the faster language, but Python is simpler and easier to learn. Each is well-established, platform-independent, and part of a large, supportive community. But that is where the similarities end. When you’re considering Python versus Java, each language has different uses for different purposes, and each has pros and cons to consider.
Advantages of Java
Speed and efficiency are two of the big draws of using Java. It's also one of the coding languages considered to be easy to learn. Because many of the processes of this high-level language run automatically, you won't have to do an intense study of how everything works as much as you would with a low-level language. You should be able to master it relatively quickly depending on how much time you can devote to learning and practicing. Other advantages of using Java include the following:
(1) It's simple: The syntax is straightforward, making it easy to write. It's not as complex as languages like C++, and it uses automatic memory allocation.
(2) It’s platform independent: You can use Java on multiple types of computers, including Windows, iOS, Unix, and Linux systems, as long as it has the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) platform.
(3) It’s object oriented: Because you create classes containing data and functions and objects that belong to those classes, it offers a more intuitive approach for big project development. It also provides flexibility and easier troubleshooting, and the ability to reuse the code.
(4) It has a large global community: This is helpful when you're learning Java or should you run into any problems.
(5) It supports multithreading: When you use Java, you can run more than one thread at a time. When running multiple threads, they share a common memory area to increase efficiency and performance.
(6) It’s secure: Java avoids using explicit pointers, runs inside a virtual machine called a sandbox, uses byte-code verifier to check for illegal code, and provides library-level safety along with Java security package and run-time security checks.
Disadvantages of Java
Before deciding whether Java is the right programming language for you to start with, it’s essential to consider its weaknesses. One of the main downsides to using Java is that it uses a large amount of memory—considerably more than Python.
Additionally, Java manages its memory through garbage collection, which happens once the application you’re working on no longer references the object. Java’s garbage collector clears it from memory, but during the process, other threads have to stop while the garbage collector works. The step impacts the overall performance of the application. Other disadvantages include:
(1) It doesn’t offer control over garbage collection: As a programmer, you won’t have the ability to control garbage collection using functions like free() or delete().
(2) It has a lot of words: Although Java is simple, it does tend to have a lot of words in it, which will often leave you with complex, lengthy sentences and explanations.
(3) It doesn't have a native look when you use it for desktops: Java has multiple graphical user interface (GUI) builders, but they aren't the best if you're creating complex UI on a desktop. Java is weaker when you're using it for desktop versus mobile when it comes to user experience and user interface. While there are many GUI builders to choose from, you'll need to do a lot of research to find the right one for your project.
Python: The simple path
Although Java is faster, Python is more versatile, easier to read, and has a simpler syntax. According to Stack Overflow, this general use, interpreted language is the fourth most popular coding language. It's also one of the most in-demand programming languages that hiring managers look for when hiring candidates, according to HackerRank, second only to JavaScript.
Python's popularity has experienced explosive growth in the past few years, with more than 11.3 million coders choosing to use it, mainly for IoT, data science, and machine learning applications, according to ZDNet. Further, Python has had a 25 percent growth rate, adding 2.3 million developers to its community between Q3 2020 and Q3 2021, according to SlashData's “State of the Developer Nation.”.
Advantages of Python
Python’s versatility is difficult to match, and it's so flexible that it encourages experimentation. This keeps programmers from being pigeonholed into only building one type of application. You can learn just one language and use it to make new and different things.
Computer Weekly calls Python the most versatile programming language, noting that “Although there might be a better solution for any given problem, Python will always get the job done well”. Other advantages of Python include:
(1) It’s platform-independent: Like Java, you can use Python on various platforms, including macOS, Windows, and Linux. You’ll just need an interpreter designed for that platform.
(2) It allows for fast development: Because Python is dynamically typed, it's fast and friendly for development. Additionally, it uses asynchronous code to tackle situations and challenges faster because each unit of code runs separately.
(3) It offers extensive libraries: Its large library supports common tasks and commands. It also contains code that can be used for many different purposes, ranging from generating documentation to unit testing to CGI.
(4) It offers a more flexible approach to programming: Python supports a variety of programming styles and has multiple paradigms. Not only is this optimal for programmers who enjoy flexibility, but it also makes it ideal for start-ups that might need to shift approaches abruptly.
(5) It's free and open-source: You can download Python without any cost, and because it's so easy to learn and boasts one of the largest and most active communities—you should be able to start writing code in mere minutes.
(6) It may boost productivity: NetGuru says that Python is more productive than Java because of how concise it is and because it's dynamically typed. Additionally, it has control capabilities and integration features that can make applications more productive.
Disadvantages of Python
While Python is arguably one of the easiest and fastest languages to learn, it’s also decidedly slower to execute because it’s a dynamically typed, interpreted language, executed line-by-line. Python does extra work while executing the code, making it less suitable for use in projects that depend on speed. However, if speed isn’t a sensitive issue, Python’s slower nature won’t likely be a problem.
Other potential disadvantages include:
(1) It only executes one thread at a time: Python has a Global Interpreter Lock that only lets one thread execute at a time, so if you're working on a multi-threaded CPU-bound program, it'll likely be even slower. Using multiprocessing programs instead of multithreaded programs can be an effective workaround.
(2) It isn't mobile native: Python can be effectively and easily used for mobile purposes, but you'll need to put a bit more effort into finding libraries that give you the necessary framework. Some examples include Kivy, which lets you use the same API to create mobile apps and software that you can run on Raspberry PI, Linux, and Windows.
(3) It uses a large amount of memory: If you're working on a project where many objects are active in RAM, this could present an issue for you. Switching to NumPy could be an effective workaround to reduce the amount of memory Python uses for each object. | null | null | null | 12328 |
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null | creative_writing | Create a LinkedIn post for sharing the news of an achievement in company. | "Hello everyone,
I am excited to share some great news! Our company has been chosen as a finalist for the esteemed XYZ award. I am so proud of our team's hard work and dedication that has led to this recognition. This wouldn't have been possible without the efforts of each and every one of us. Thank you for your continuous support and contributions towards our success. Let's keep up the momentum! #XYZaward #teamwork #hardworkpaysoff" | null | null | null | 12329 |
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null | information_extraction | Change this sentence to paste tense | Elstow is a special service area within the Rural Municipality of Blucher No. 343 in Saskatchewan, Canada. | Elstow was a special service area within the Rural Municipality of Blucher No. 343 in Saskatchewan, Canada. | null | null | null | 12330 |
null | summarization | Who is Kenny Ortega? | Kenneth John Ortega (born April 18, 1950) is an American filmmaker, touring manager, and choreographer. | He is an American filmmaker, touring manager, and choreographer known for films like Newsies, Hocus Pocus, High School Musical, Michael Jackson's This Is It, or Descendants. | null | null | null | 12331 |
null | general_qa | What is Davis, CA known for? | Being the bike capitol of the U.S. as well as one of the top agriculture cities. UC Davis has bike paths everywhere across its campus - more so than streets for cars! Additionally, there is a consistent smell of manure throughout the campus due to the high number of cows. It's a very nice city to bike around as well as grow a garden in! | null | null | null | 12332 |
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null | open_qa | What is the name of the New England professional football team? | New England Patriots | null | null | null | 12333 |
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null | open_qa | Who invented cement that could be set underwater? | The Romans were the first to make cement that could set in water | null | null | null | 12334 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me a bulleted list of who received the last best player awards at the World Cup. | The Best Player award at the World Cup, also known as the Golden Ball for best player, was first awarded in 1982. Here are the last seven recipients of the Golden Ball award:
- Brazil Ronaldo (1998 France),
- Oliver Kahn (2002 South Korea/Japan),
- Zinedine Zidane (2006 Germany),
- Diego Forlán (2010 South Africa),
- Lionel Messi (2014 Brazil),
- Luka Modrić (2018 Russia),
- Lionel Messi (2022 Qatar). | null | null | null | 12335 |
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null | open_qa | Who wrote The Godfather? | The Godfather was written by Mario Puzo, originally published in 1969. | null | null | null | 12336 |
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null | general_qa | How does scoring in tennis work? | The typical tennis match in comprised of three sets. The first person to win two sets wins the match. Two win a set, you have to win six games. Should players reach six games, a tie breaker is played to determine who will win that set. To win a game, you have the be the first player to win four points, by two. | null | null | null | 12337 |
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null | creative_writing | Describe a scary moment in a storm. | I live in Oklahoma, so we see our fair share of storms. Storm sirens are so common that I don't take cover every time they go off. Instead, it's normal for me to watch the radar when a storm system is moving through to see where the tornados are and how close they are to me.
Once, the radar showed a tornado southwest of our house - moving towards us. When it was within a couple miles of us, my wife took the dogs and blankets and went to our safe place - an internal bathroom. I stood back from the windows and watched the tv. From my position, I could see out the back windows which faced west - southwest. The weather showed that the tornado was right on top of us. I watched out the window as a fragment of a four by four, about a foot and a half long, flipped up from the ground and tumbled across the lawn.
It was that moment that I decided I had watched enough and stepped into the bathroom to join my wife and the dogs. The storm blew over us. The tornado wasn't on the ground as it passed by, but it was definitely and intense several minutes as we waited.
I have seen my fair share of storms and had a number of close calls with tornados. This definitely falls in one of my top 5. | null | null | null | 12338 |
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null | open_qa | What is John Ellis water and the bond angle of water? | Traditional tap and purified water has a hydrogen bond angle of 104 - 104.5 degrees. John Ellis water takes standard tap or purified water and changes the hydrogen bond angle of it from 104 degrees to 113 - 114 degrees. Changing the bond angle is done using multi-pass distillation by rapidly heating and cooling the water inside the boiling chamber.
Water consumed with a bond angle above 108° degrees eliminates the effect of potential pathogens in our food supply (e.g. bacterium, viruses, or other microorganisms that can cause disease) from affecting our bodies because more oxygen from the water mixes with the superior blood flow to all the extremities of our body. The larger bond angle enables our bodies to use more of the oxygen present in the water. | null | null | null | 12339 |
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null | creative_writing | Write an example message asking your friend Tony to go to a baseball game with you | Hi Tony! Baseball season just started and I am looking for people to go to a game with. Would you be interested? There are a bunch of games coming up in town that would be good options. We could go on a weekend, but the tickets will be more expensive. Alternatively, if we can make it to a game during the week, we might be able to either save some money, or get better seats for the same price as worse tickets on a weekend game. Let me know if you are interested at all. Thanks! | null | null | null | 12340 |
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null | classification | I have a vegan friend coming over for dinner, which of the items in my kitchen can I use to make vegan food: chicken, kale, lettuce, honey, eggplant, tomato, rice, cheese, yoghurt, ice-cream and chocolate. | To prepare a vegan meal you will be able to use any items that do not contain animal products. From the list provided, you can use: lettuce, eggplant, tomato and rice. | null | null | null | 12341 |
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null | open_qa | Give me a title of one of the "Harry Potter" novels. | Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets | null | null | null | 12342 |
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null | classification | Which is a bird or fish: Black tern, Blackfin tuna | Black tern is a bird, Blackfin tuna is a fish | null | null | null | 12343 |
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null | classification | Which of the following are not colors of the rainbow spectrum? Purple, Blue, Aqua, Orange, Black, Violet, Pink | The colors of the rainbow spectrum are typically referenced using the acronym ROYGBIV: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo & Violet. From the prior list, the colors that are not part of the rainbow spectrum are Purple, Aqua, Black and Pink. | null | null | null | 12344 |
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null | open_qa | What is the name of the National Anthem of the Netherlands? | The name of the National Anthem of the Netherlands is "Wilhelmus". | null | null | null | 12345 |
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null | open_qa | What are legos? | Legos are small plastic toy blocks that stack together, and can be used to build a variety of structures. | null | null | null | 12346 |
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null | open_qa | Who turned oil drums into steel drums for music? | Traditionally, West Indians | null | null | null | 12347 |
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null | brainstorming | What are some Asian fusion lunches that are a one-bowl style meal? Please list the ingredients for each idea and include at least one vegetarian option. | Some ideas for Asian fusion bowl lunches are as follows:
- Tokyo bowl - Chicken, rice, scallions, furikake, mushrooms, radishes, cucumber salad and smoked teriyaki sauce
- California bowl - Crispy tofu, rice, avocado, bean sprouts, mushrooms, pickled red onions, furikake, kale, Japanese mayo
- Penang bowl - Chicken, rice, cilantro, sambal, scallions, cucumber salad and peanut curry sauce
- Seoul bowl - Beef, rice, kimchi, scallions, bonito flakes, sesame seeds, bean sprouts, cucumber salad and gochujang
- Shanghai bowl - Shrimp, rice, scallions, sesame seeds, Chinese broccoli with mushrooms and five spice sauce
- Bangkok bowl - Shrimp, rice, mangoes, shallots, garlic, peanuts, scallions, cilantro, shrimp sambal, lime fish sauce, Thai chilies | null | null | null | 12348 |
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null | creative_writing | Does platonic love hurt? | Friendship breakups truly are not talked about enough. I feel like there's plenty of advice for how to deal with exes, but nearly none for how to recover from a very important friendship in your life ending. It hurts like hell and if you were really attached to the person, it hurts just as much--if not even more. Platonic love is no less profound than romantic love. | null | null | null | 12349 |
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null | information_extraction | List the Big Four accounting firms. | None of the "firms" within the Big Four is actually a single firm; rather, they are professional services networks. Each is a network of firms, owned and managed independently, which have entered into agreements with the other member firms in the network to share a common name, brand, intellectual property, and quality standards. Each network has established a global entity to co-ordinate the activities of the network.
Until 2020, KPMG was the only Big Four firm not registered as a UK private company, but rather the co-ordinating entity was a Swiss association (verein). However, KPMG International changed its legal structure from a verein to a co-operative under Swiss law in 2003, then to a UK limited company in 2020. For Deloitte, PricewaterhouseCoopers and Ernst & Young, the co-ordinating entity is a UK limited company. Those entities do not themselves perform external professional services, nor do they own or control the member firms. Nevertheless, these networks colloquially are referred to as "firms" for the sake of simplicity and to reduce confusion with lay-people. These accounting and professional services networks are similar in nature to how law firm networks in the legal profession work.
In many cases, each member firm practices in a single country, and is structured to comply with the regulatory environment in that country.
Ernst & Young also includes separate legal entities which manage three of its four geographic areas: the Americas, Asia-Pacific, and EMEIA (Europe, the Middle East, India and Africa) groups, the fourth area being Japan, which has no larger co-ordination branch. These entities coordinate services performed by local firms within their respective areas, but do not perform services or hold ownership in the local entities. There are rare exceptions to this convention; in 2007, KPMG announced a merger of four internationally distinct member firms (in the United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland and Liechtenstein) to form a single firm, KPMG Europe LLP. | The Big Four refers to the the four largest professional services networks in the world. It consists of Deloitte, Ernst & Young (EY), KPMG, and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). The four are often grouped because they are comparable in size relative to the rest of the market, both in terms of revenue and workforce; they are considered equal in their ability to provide a wide scope of professional services to their clients; and, among those looking to start a career in professional services, particularly accounting, they are considered equally attractive networks to work in, because of the frequency with which these firms engage with Fortune 500 companies. | null | null | null | 12350 |
null | open_qa | On what day did the invasion of Normandy, France occur in World War II? | June 6, 1944 | null | null | null | 12351 |
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null | creative_writing | Test | Mike | null | null | null | 12352 |
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null | open_qa | Name three beaches in Pinellas County, Florida | Three beaches in Pinellas County, Florida are Clearwater Beach, Indian Rocks Beach, and St. Pete Beach. | null | null | null | 12353 |
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null | classification | Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Jeep, Karry | Karry is Chinese, Jeep is American | null | null | null | 12354 |
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null | classification | Which is a species of fish? Prickleback or Prickle | Prickleback | null | null | null | 12355 |
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null | open_qa | What was Lieutenant Columbo's catch phrase on his TV show? | Columbo frequently said "just one more thing" in episodes of the show. | null | null | null | 12356 |
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null | classification | What countries are these names most likely to be found among native-born citizens? John Smith, Elise Monet, Helmut Schneider, Jing Li, Raj Patel | England or United States, France, Germany, China, India | null | null | null | 12357 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me an idea for a random sandwich that I should make for lunch. | I would suggest making a sandwich on a ciabatta roll, which is the perfect choice for your bread. Then, consider layering fig jam, arugula, proscuitto and brie in your preferred order. Finally, drizzle a bit of olive oil and balsamic glaze on top, and top with salt and pepper. For added texture, warm your sandwich up in a hot pan. | null | null | null | 12358 |
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null | general_qa | Identify all of the breeds of dogs in this list:
Banana
Poodle
Pekingese
Hunan
Apple
Peach
Lettuce
Arubian Cucunu
German Shepherd
Jack Russell Terrier
Wolfhound
Pariah Dog
Tamales
Coquito
Mezcal
Gingko
Papaya
Sequoia
Redwood
Maple
Dogwood
Afghan Hound
Airedale Terrier
Camphor Tree
Eucalyptus
Chihuaha
Basenji
Bichon Frise
Blue Spruce
Magnolia
Cacao
Black Locust
Tequila | The following are dog breeds that are found in the list:
Poodle
Pekingese
Arubian Cucunu
German Shepherd
Jack Russell Terrier
Wolfhound
Afghan Hound
Airedale Terrier
Chihuahua
Basenji
Bichon Frise | null | null | null | 12359 |
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null | closed_qa | Given a reference text about Stanley Franklin Browne, how many aerial victories during World War II did he have and what did he do when he returned from the war. | Stanley Franklin Browne, DFC & Bar (29 October 1919 – 13 January 2011) was a New Zealand flying ace of the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) during the Second World War. He was officially credited with at least five aerial victories.
Born in Wellington, Browne was a university student when he joined the RNZAF in March 1941. Once his flight training in New Zealand was completed, he proceeded to the United Kingdom to serve with the Royal Air Force. He was posted to No. 485 Squadron in early 1942 but was shot down later in the year over Germany-occupied France. With the help of the French Resistance he avoided the Germans and made his way to the south of France. He was caught when crossing the border into Vichy France and was interned for several weeks. He escaped captivity and eventually back to the United Kingdom. He was transferred to the Middle East where he ferried aircraft before being posted to No. 93 Squadron. He flew Supermarine Spitfires in the Tunisian campaign and in the Allied invasion of Sicily, shooting down a number of German aircraft before being rested in December 1943. After a spell on instructing duties he returned to operational flying with No. 485 Squadron during the final stages of the war in Europe. He briefly commanded the squadron before it was disbanded in August 1945.
Returning to civilian life after the war, he returned to his university studies, becoming a chemist. He briefly served in the New Zealand Territorial Air Force and later became a farmer and then a teacher. He died in 2011, aged 91, at Tauranga. | Stanley Franklin Browne was credited with five aerial victories during World War II. After the war, he returned to university and became a chemist. | null | null | null | 12360 |
null | open_qa | how important is workflow integration in obtaining value from AI? | While data and AI are the key to delivering a modern online customer experience, grand insights and precise predictions mean nothing if the business cannot act upon them. As we see more and more organizations, especially those engaged in online commerce, fold data-driven capabilities into their operational workflows, moving from insight to action often entails the deployment of real-time capabilities, capable of sensing and responding to opportunities in the moment. | null | null | null | 12361 |
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null | classification | Tell me which of the following cartoon characters are in Bluey: Chilli, Tom, Jerry, Bandit, Bluey, Peppa, Mickey, Scooby, Bingo, Chester. | Chilli, Bandit, Bluey and Bingo are characters that appear in Bluey. Tom, Jerry, Peppa, Mickey, Scooby and Chester appear in different shows other than Bluey. | null | null | null | 12362 |
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null | closed_qa | Randy Couture was one of how many fighters over the age of 40 to have won a UFC championship? | Couture has competed in a record 16 title fights. He is tied for the record for the most wins in UFC Heavyweight Championship bouts (6) with former UFC Heavyweight champion Stipe Miocic. He had the most title reigns in the UFC, with six. His last fight with Lyoto Machida marked his 24th fight in the UFC. He is the fourth member of the UFC Hall of Fame. He is one of only 2 over the age of 40 to have won a UFC championship fight, having done so four times. He is one of the few MMA champions to regain a title he had lost, and the only to have done it three times (twice at heavyweight, once at light heavyweight). | Randy Couture was one of two fighters over the age of 40 that won a UFC championship fight. | null | null | null | 12363 |
null | brainstorming | What are 5 ways to eat apples? | 1. Raw - you can eat apples just as they are (but usually after washing)
2. Sliced to share
3. Peeled and sliced to be baked (apple crisp anyone?)
4. Mashed into apple sauce
5. Candied with a sweet glaze | null | null | null | 12364 |
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null | summarization | Give me a summary of the Naked Brothers Band. | The Naked Brothers Band is an American musical comedy television series created by Polly Draper, which aired on Nickelodeon from February 3, 2007, to June 13, 2009. It depicts the daily lives of Draper's sons, who lead a faux world-renowned children's rock band in New York City. As a mockumentary, the storyline is an embellished satire of their real lives, and the fictional presence of a camera is often acknowledged. The show stars Nat Wolff and Alex Wolff, the lead singer-songwriter and drummer, respectively. Nat's fictional female interest (Allie DiMeco) and real-life friends Thomas Batuello, David Levi, and Cooper Pillot, as well as Qaasim Middleton—who has no prior acquaintance with the family—are featured as the other band members, with Draper's jazz musician husband Michael Wolff as his sons' widowed accordion-playing dad and her niece Jesse Draper portraying the group's babysitter. | The Naked Brother Bands is a TV show about the lives of Draper's sons. The storyline is a satirical version of their real lives and was aired on Nickelodeon from 2007 to 2009. | null | null | null | 12365 |
null | general_qa | How do you shift a manual transmission in vehicle? | First depress the clutch, then put the car into the desired gear, then slowly release the clutch while applying the throttle. | null | null | null | 12366 |
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null | information_extraction | When was the Landscape Arch named and by whom? | Landscape Arch is a natural arch in Arches National Park, Utah, United States. It is among the longest natural rock arches in the world. The arch is among many in the Devils Garden area in the north of the park. Landscape Arch was named by Frank Beckwith who explored the area in the winter of 1933–1934 as the leader of an Arches National Monument scientific expedition. The arch can be reached by a 0.8 mi (1.3 km) graded gravel trail. | Landscape Arch was named in 1933 by Frank Bekwith who explored it in the winter of 1933-1934 as the leader of an Arches National Monument scientific expedition. | null | null | null | 12367 |
null | summarization | What is the Kentucky Derby Trophy | The Kentucky Derby Trophy is a set of four trophies that are awarded to the winning connections of America's most famous race: the grade one $3,000,000 Kentucky Derby. The owner receives a gold trophy while the trainer, the jockey and the breeder win a silver half size replica of the main gold trophy. The trophy itself has been run for since the 50th running of the Kentucky Derby in 1924. Churchill Downs Race Course of Louisville, Kentucky has annually presented a gold trophy to the winning owner of the famed "Run for the Roses." | The Kentucky Derby Trophy is a set of four trophies that are awarded to the winning connections of the grade one $3,000,000 Kentucky Derby. | null | null | null | 12368 |
null | open_qa | What are the continents from largest to smallest? | The continents by size, from largest to smallest are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. | null | null | null | 12369 |
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null | information_extraction | What is Stiftung Lesen ? | Stiftung Lesen (Reading Foundation) is a non-profit organization based in Mainz, Germany under the patronage of Joachim Gauck. Stiftung Lesen acts as a stakeholder for reading promotion on a national and international level. It contributes to reading promotion and reading education through programmes, scientific research, and political recommendations. To create a basis for the development of reading skills, and to enhance the overall level of literacy, Stiftung Lesen established adequate and accessible programmes for every member of society – regardless of financial, cultural or social background. In 2006 Stiftung Lesen established its own Institute for Research on Reading and Media in order to align its projects with the latest scientific findings. The institute is tasked with conducting scientific research on the use of media, reading and reading socialisation, the supervision and evaluation of the foundation’s projects and the organisation of conferences on topics concerning literacy and media research (including reading in the digital age), publishing some of its reports for the German government. | Stiftung Lesen or Reading Foundation is a non-profit organization based in Germany that acts as a stakeholder for reading promotion on a national and international level | null | null | null | 12370 |
null | classification | Is Dosa a South Indian Food? | A dose, also called dosai, dosey, dwashi, dosa or dosha is a thin pancake in South Indian cuisine made from a fermented batter of ground black lentils and rice.
Dosas originated in South India, but its precise geographical origins are unknown. According to historian P. Thankappan Nair, dosa originated in the town of Udupi in present-day Karnataka. However, according to food historian K. T. Achaya, references in the Sangam literature suggest that dosa was already in use in the ancient Tamil country around the 1st century CE. Achaya states that the earliest written mention of dosa appears in literature of present-day Tamil Nadu, in the 8th century, while the earliest mention of dosa in the Kannada literature appears a century later.
In popular tradition, the origin of the dosa is linked to Udupi, probably because of the dish's association with Udupi restaurants. The Tamil dosai is softer and thicker. The thinner and crispier version of dosa was first made in present-day Karnataka. A recipe for dosa can be found in Manasollasa, a 12th-century Sanskrit encyclopedia compiled by Someshvara III, who ruled from present-day Karnataka.
After the Independence of India, South Indian cuisine became gradually popular in the North. In Delhi, the Madras Hotel in Connaught Place became one of the first restaurants to serve South Indian cuisine. It arrived in Mumbai with the Udupi restaurants in the 1930s. | null | null | null | 12371 |
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null | open_qa | What are the words of House Hastwyck? | "None So Dutiful" | null | null | null | 12372 |
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null | classification | Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Tyrannosaurus Rex, Amazon River Dolphin | Tyrannosaurus Rex is extinct, Amazon River Dolphin is alive. | null | null | null | 12373 |
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null | information_extraction | Extract a list of album names from this paragraph on the history of the rock band Nirvana, as a comma separated list | Nirvana was an American rock band formed in Aberdeen, Washington, in 1987. Founded by lead singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic, the band went through a succession of drummers, most notably Chad Channing, and then recruited Dave Grohl in 1990. Nirvana's success popularized alternative rock, and they were often referenced as the figurehead band of Generation X. Their music maintains a popular following and continues to influence modern rock culture.
In the late 1980s, Nirvana established itself as part of the Seattle grunge scene, releasing its first album, Bleach, for the independent record label Sub Pop in 1989. They developed a sound that relied on dynamic contrasts, often between quiet verses and loud, heavy choruses. After signing to major label DGC Records in 1991, Nirvana found unexpected mainstream success with "Smells Like Teen Spirit", the first single from their landmark second album Nevermind (1991). A cultural phenomenon of the 1990s, Nevermind was certified Diamond by the RIAA and is credited for ending the dominance of hair metal.
Characterized by their punk aesthetic, Nirvana's fusion of pop melodies with noise, combined with their themes of abjection and social alienation, brought them global popularity. Following extensive tours and the 1992 compilation album Incesticide and EP Hormoaning, the band released their highly anticipated third studio album, In Utero (1993). The album topped both the US and UK album charts, and was acclaimed by critics. Nirvana disbanded following Cobain's suicide in April 1994. Further releases have been overseen by Novoselic, Grohl, and Cobain's widow, Courtney Love. The live album MTV Unplugged in New York (1994) won Best Alternative Music Performance at the 1996 Grammy Awards.
Nirvana is one of the best-selling bands of all time, having sold more than 75 million records worldwide. During their three years as a mainstream act, Nirvana received an American Music Award, Brit Award and Grammy Award, as well as seven MTV Video Music Awards and two NME Awards. They achieved five number-one hits on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart and four number-one albums on the Billboard 200. In 2004, Rolling Stone named Nirvana among the 100 greatest artists of all time. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in their first year of eligibility in 2014. | - Bleach
- Nevermind
- Incesticide
- In Utero
- MTV Unplugged in New York | null | null | null | 12374 |
null | creative_writing | What's the best way to learn something? | Learning is a constant process. One way to efficiently start learning something would be to understand the fundamentals first and dive deeper into the subtopics as you get more familiar with the core concepts. Read as much as possible and create an outline on the topic. Leverage the five Ws technique of problem solving - Who, What, When, Where and Why.
There are numerous ways to get familiarized with concepts. One way to do it would be to jot down your notes, try to make connections and try to simplify the ideas if possible. Assume that you are trying to explain this to a five year old, how would you build the topic, make it interesting either by visualizations, metaphors etc.?
Another beneficial technique that can be of good help here, would be to put the concept into application in some form or the other. This can be done by either practicing the concepts in real life if feasible, or by observing its presence and relevance.
Finally, try and teach the concepts to others. This is an extremely effective way to gain fluency and expertise on a subject. | null | null | null | 12375 |
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null | classification | Which items should we not eat for a weight loss diet? Banana, Ice-cream, milk tea, chocolate, dates, bakery biscuits, cold drinks. | You should not eat excess of anything, but out of the following list, ice-cream, milk tea, chocolate, bakery biscuits, cold drinks would be better avoided as they are refined products and contain sugar. Try to have natural sugar with fibre so, banana and dates are good to have on a diet. | null | null | null | 12376 |
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null | brainstorming | A client with whom you have been training for 10 weeks retakes a submaximal exercise test and finds that his heart rate is lower at each stage (workload) of the test. He is bothered by this because he thought his heart would be stronger and beat more times per minute. Brainstorm an easy-to-understand explanation to help him understand what is going on. How would you respond? | I would explain that, counterintuitively, the stronger your heart is, the less you can expect it to beat (lower heart rate). To explain it simply, his heart is more efficient; being able to pump the necessary amount of oxygen into his body without contracting as many times as before, i.e. the muscles of his heart are stronger. He can relax because his lower heart rate means he has better cardiovascular health now! | null | null | null | 12377 |
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null | information_extraction | What was the race consisted of? | The race was held over the "international distance" and consisted of 1,500 metres (0.93 mi) swimming, 40 kilometres (25 mi), road bicycling, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) road running.
The winner Reinaldo Colucci of Brazil qualifies to compete in the triathlon competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain. | The race was held over the "international distance" and consisted of 1,500 metres (0.93 mi) swimming, 40 kilometres (25 mi), road bicycling, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) road running. | null | null | null | 12378 |
null | creative_writing | What are some benefits of public transportation? | Public transportation is better for the environment. Buses and trains emit less carbon dioxide per person than private transportation. Public transportation is more affordable than private transportation. By spreading out the cost of transportation ownership and maintenance among the large number of public transportation riders, public transportation is cheaper than private transportation. | null | null | null | 12379 |
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null | closed_qa | Given these paragraphs about Natural hydrogen, what are some of its sources? | Natural hydrogen (known as white hydrogen), is naturally occurring molecular hydrogen on or in Earth (as opposed to hydrogen produced in the laboratory or in industry). The name white hydrogen distinguishes it from green hydrogen, which is produced from renewable energy sources, and from grey, brown or black hydrogen, which is obtained from fossil sources or from the electrolysis of water. Natural hydrogen may be renewable, non-polluting and allows for lower cost operation compared to industrial hydrogen. Natural hydrogen has been identified in many source rocks in areas beyond the sedimentary basins where oil companies typically operate.
Origin of natural hydrogen
There are several sources of natural hydrogen:
- degassing of deep hydrogen from the Earth's crust and mantle;
- reaction of water with ultrabasic rocks (serpentinisation);
- contact of water with reducing agents in the Earth's mantle;
- interaction of water with freshly exposed rock surfaces (weathering);
- decomposition of hydroxyl ions in the structure of minerals;
- Natural radiolysis of water;
- decomposition of organic matter;
- biological activity
- Extraction
- Natural hydrogen is extracted from wells, mixed with other gases such as nitrogen or helium.
Several sources have been identified in France. Geologists Alain Prinzhofer and Eric Derville have demonstrated the existence of large reservoirs in a dozen countries, including Mali and the United States. However, their potential remains difficult to assess.
Numerous emanations on the ocean floor have been identified but are difficult to exploit. The discovery of a significant emergence in Russia in 2008 suggests the possibility of extracting native hydrogen in geological environments.
Geology
Natural hydrogen is generated continuously from a variety of natural sources. There are many known hydrogen emergences on mid-ocean ridges. Another of the known reactions, serpentinisation, occurs under the sea floor (in the oceanic crust).
Diagenetic origin (iron oxidation) in the sedimentary basins of cratons, notably in Russia. Other sources are being explored, such as mantle hydrogen, or hydrogen from radiolysis (natural electrolysis) or from bacterial activity. In France, the Alps and Pyrenees are suitable for exploitation. New Caledonia has hyperalkaline sources that show dihydrogen emissions. A large accumulation of natural hydrogen was discovered in Bourakebougou (Mali).
Characteristics
Dihydrogen is very soluble in fresh water, especially at depth (solubility increases with pressure).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_hydrogen | degassing of deep hydrogen from the Earth's crust and mantle; reaction of water with ultrabasic rocks (serpentinisation); contact of water with reducing agents in the Earth's mantle; interaction of water with freshly exposed rock surfaces (weathering); decomposition of hydroxyl ions in the structure of minerals; Natural radiolysis of water; decomposition of organic matter; biological activity; Extraction; Natural hydrogen is extracted from wells, mixed with other gases such as nitrogen or helium. | null | null | null | 12380 |
null | information_extraction | Who was Kevin Durant traded for when he was traded to the Suns? | On February 9, 2023, the Nets traded Durant, along with T. J. Warren, to the Phoenix Suns in exchange for Mikal Bridges, Cameron Johnson, Jae Crowder, four unprotected first-round picks, and a 2028 first-round pick swap. Although Durant wanted to continue wearing No. 7 as he did in Brooklyn, the number was retired by the Suns in honor of Kevin Johnson. As a result, Durant announced that he would return to wearing the No. 35 jersey, which he had worn throughout his college and professional career prior to joining the Nets. | Kevin Durant was traded to the Phoenix suns for T.J. Warren, Mikal Bridges, Cameron Johnson, Jae Crowder, and four first round picks. The trade was considered fair given that the Suns, who are trying to win a championship now, received a top 10 player and the Nets received several promising young players who will help the Nets re-build their team after losing Durant and Kyrie Irving to trades. | null | null | null | 12381 |
null | closed_qa | Given this paragraph about the Japan Rail Pass, tell me whether it is available for purchase to Japanese citizens. | The Japan Rail Pass, also called the JR Pass, is a rail pass for overseas visitors sold by the Japan Railways Group, and is valid for travel on all major forms of transportation provided by the JR Group in Japan, with a few exceptions. The Rail Pass is designed to stimulate travel and tourism throughout the country. It is only cost effective for long-distance travel, particularly by bullet train. While the savings from extensive travel can be considerable, those who travel too little may in fact lose money on a rail pass. The Japan Rail Pass is of limited use within larger cities, as private operators generally do not accept the Rail Pass. In Tokyo, for instance, it covers the Yamanote Line which goes to several popular tourist areas, as well as in Osaka on the Osaka Loop Line, plus in Kyoto on the Nara Line and Sagano Line. | No, the JR Pass is only intended for purchase by overseas visitors to Japan. | null | null | null | 12382 |
null | open_qa | Who was the King of Swing | Benny Goodman | null | null | null | 12383 |
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null | classification | classify the following people as males vs females:
john oliver
stephen colbert
vir das
oprah winfrey
michelle obama
donald trump
queen of england
halle berry
joseph stalin | males:
john oliver
stephen colbert
vir das
donald trump
joseph stalin
females:
oprah winfrey
michelle obama
queen of england
halle berry | null | null | null | 12384 |
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null | creative_writing | Write an friendly, convincing e-mail to my landlord asking whether I can get a dog. | I am writing to you today to request permission to get a dog into the unit. As current, responsible tenants, we'd like to make every effort to assure you we will not be bothered.
We would like to set up a time to discuss the conditions you have to qualify us as pet owners. At that time, we are happy to discuss any financial requirements you may have in order for us to keep a dog.
We promise to provide appropriate levels of exercise, attention and care for our dog. We will continue to keep a clean apartment, take into consideration our dog's interaction with neighbors and ensure our pet is properly cared for whenever we're unable to take care of it ourselves. | null | null | null | 12385 |
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null | summarization | Please summarize the history of the development of Roche Percee based on this article | In 1872 the Boundary Commission travelled through this area while surveying the border between Canada and the United States. During the 1874 March West trek of the North-West Mounted Police, the force established its first camp (called Short Creek Camp) at this location. The community began being served by the Soo Line in 1893, permitting the coal mines in the region to become operational. Roche Percée incorporated as a village on January 12, 1909. | Roche Percee was originally explored in 1872 by the Boundary Commission before a small camp was built in the area in 1874 by the North-West Mounted Police. The area then grew further after the establishment of the Soo Line train, with coal mining helping to grow the area. Eventually, Roche Percee was finally incorporated in the beginning of 1909. | null | null | null | 12386 |
null | closed_qa | When was West Ham started and when did they get the name West Ham United? | West Ham United Football Club is an English professional football club that plays its home matches in Stratford, East London. The club competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The club plays at the London Stadium, having moved from their former home, the Boleyn Ground, in 2016. The club was founded in 1895 as Thames Ironworks and reformed in 1900 as West Ham United. They moved to the Boleyn Ground in 1904, which remained their home ground for more than a century. The team initially competed in the Southern League and Western League before joining the Football League in 1919. They were promoted to the top flight in 1923, when they were also losing finalists in the first FA Cup Final held at Wembley. In 1940, the club won the inaugural Football League War Cup. | West Ham started in 1895 as Thames Ironworks and became West Ham United in 1900. | null | null | null | 12387 |
null | summarization | List some import aspects about location Ljubija in given text | In the 19th century, Ljubija developed into one of the most important locations for the area's economy due to its iron ore deposits. After World War II Ljubija became one of the largest iron mines in the world which employed more than 5,000 people at any one time. Until 1963 it was governed as a separate municipality, before it was merged with Prijedor. | 1. Because of its iron ore resources, Ljubija became one of the most significant destinations for the region's economy in the 19th century.
2. Ljubija grew to be one of the world's largest iron mines after World War II, employing more than 5,000 people at any given moment.
3. Prior to being amalgamated with Prijedor, it was governed as an independent municipality until 1963. | null | null | null | 12388 |
null | brainstorming | Why it's important to keep positive | Being positive will not let you think any negative stuffs. They will always keep you on track to accomplish your task | null | null | null | 12389 |
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null | summarization | Give me a short summary of the Industrial Revolution | The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and the rise of the mechanized factory system. Output greatly increased, and a result was an unprecedented rise in population and in the rate of population growth. The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods, and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological and architectural innovations were of British origin. By the mid-18th century, Britain was the world's leading commercial nation, controlling a global trading empire with colonies in North America and the Caribbean. Britain had major military and political hegemony on the Indian subcontinent; particularly with the proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal, through the activities of the East India Company. The development of trade and the rise of business were among the major causes of the Industrial Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in history. Comparable only to humanity's adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement, the Industrial Revolution influenced in some way almost every aspect of daily life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. Some economists have said the most important effect of the Industrial Revolution was that the standard of living for the general population in the Western world began to increase consistently for the first time in history, although others have said that it did not begin to meaningfully improve until the late 19th and 20th centuries. GDP per capita was broadly stable before the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of the modern capitalist economy, while the Industrial Revolution began an era of per-capita economic growth in capitalist economies. Economic historians are in agreement that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history since the domestication of animals and plants.
The precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is still debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.Eric Hobsbawm held that the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the 1830s or 1840s, while T. S. Ashton held that it occurred roughly between 1760 and 1830.Rapid industrialisation first began in Britain, starting with mechanized textiles spinning in the 1780s, with high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurring after 1800. Mechanized textile production spread from Great Britain to continental Europe and the United States in the early 19th century, with important centres of textiles, iron and coal emerging in Belgium and the United States and later textiles in France.
An economic recession occurred from the late 1830s to the early 1840s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanized spinning and weaving, slowed and their markets matured. Innovations developed late in the period, such as the increasing adoption of locomotives, steamboats and steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s and 1850s, were not powerful enough to drive high rates of growth. Rapid economic growth began to occur after 1870, springing from a new group of innovations in what has been called the Second Industrial Revolution. These innovations included new steel making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, the large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and the use of increasingly advanced machinery in steam-powered factories | The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, continental Europe and the United States. It moved production from human intensive to mechanization. It covered the period from about 1760 to 1820-1840. It was a huge advancement that is matched only with humanity's adoption of agriculture and domestication of animals. | null | null | null | 12390 |
null | open_qa | What is the volume of a square pyramid? | 1/3 * base^2 * height | null | null | null | 12391 |
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null | creative_writing | Is Tesla's strategy sustainable in the face of increasing competition from incumbents and entrants in the fully electric vehicle market? How should they respond to the growing competitive threat? | Tesla has multiple advantages to sustaining the electric vehicle industry. Tesla perfected the direct-to-consumer sales model. This has eliminated the dealer network and unnecessary 3rd party interventions to its operating model. Also, Tesla's battery architecture is based on commodity battery packs, which are patented and proven cost-effective. Tesla's significant advantage over its competitors is its charging networks, which are increasing in size. Tesla has the 10x improvement to its product from traditional automobiles, like over-the-wire updates, autopilot, summon feature, etc., which helps Tesla to stand apart. | null | null | null | 12392 |
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null | open_qa | Can you tell me about Rugby Union? | Rugby Union is a 15 player a side game played around the world. The sport was created during the 1800s in England when, during a game of soccer, a player picked up the ball and starting running with it in his hands. Rugby is most popular in commonwealth nations however has been gaining popularity in other countries such as USA and Japan. The game is played in two 40 minute halves with the winner of the game ending up with the most points. Points can be earned by grounding the ball over the try line in the other teams territory or by kicking the ball through the posts on either end of the field. The game is notorious for its aggression and tackling which can result in injuries as the players don't wear helmets or body armour like in other sports. | null | null | null | 12393 |
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null | summarization | How many people attended the Summer Breeze Open Air? | Summer Breeze Open Air is an annual German heavy metal music festival. It was first held in 1997. The festival had been held in Abtsgmünd until 2006 when it was moved to its new location of Dinkelsbühl, Bavaria. The festival draws around 40,000 attendees annually. | The German heavy metal music festival Summer Breeze Open Air drew 40,000 attendees annually. | null | null | null | 12394 |
null | information_extraction | Was She Couldn't Say No movie re-released? | She Couldn't Say No is a 1954 American rural comedy film starring Robert Mitchum, Jean Simmons and Arthur Hunnicutt. The last film in the long directing career of Lloyd Bacon, it was later re-released as Beautiful but Dangerous | Yes, She Couldn't Say No is a 1954 rural comedy film which was later re-released as Beautiful but Dangerous. | null | null | null | 12395 |
null | open_qa | In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Kenning of Kayce? | Herrock Kenning, also known as Herrock the Whoreson | null | null | null | 12396 |
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null | general_qa | Is Boston a good city to visit in the summer? | Yes, Boston is a great city to visit in the summer. The weather tends to be warm, and there are many historical attractions in the city including the Freedom Trail and Faneuil Hall, as well as museums like the Museum of Science, Museum of Fine Arts, and Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. You can walk around Boston Common and the Public Garden, or along the waterfront in the Seaport District and the North End. You can kayak in the Charles River, and take in a baseball game at Fenway Park. There are many fine dining restaurants, and something for everyone to enjoy. | null | null | null | 12397 |
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null | information_extraction | Why is MPPT necessary? | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) or sometimes just power point tracking (PPT), is a technique used with variable power sources to maximize energy extraction as conditions vary. The technique is most commonly used with photovoltaic (PV) solar systems, but can also be used with wind turbines, optical power transmission and thermophotovoltaics.
PV solar systems have varying relationships to inverter systems, external grids, battery banks, and other electrical loads. The central problem addressed by MPPT is that the efficiency of power transfer from the solar cell depends on the amount of available sunlight, shading, solar panel temperature and the load's electrical characteristics. As these conditions vary, the load characteristic (impedance) that gives the highest power transfer changes. The system is optimized when the load characteristic changes to keep power transfer at highest efficiency. This optimal load characteristic is called the maximum power point (MPP). MPPT is the process of adjusting the load characteristic as the conditions change. Circuits can be designed to present optimal loads to the photovoltaic cells and then convert the voltage, current, or frequency to suit other devices or systems.
Solar cells' non-linear relationship between temperature and total resistance can be analyzed based on the Current-voltage (I-V) curve and the power-voltage (P-V) curves. MPPT samples cell output and applies the proper resistance (load) to obtain maximum power. MPPT devices are typically integrated into an electric power converter system that provides voltage or current conversion, filtering, and regulation for driving various loads, including power grids, batteries, or motors. Solar inverters convert DC power to AC power and may incorporate MPPT.
The power at the MPP (Pmpp) is the product of the MPP voltage (Vmpp) and MPP current (Impp).
In general, the P-V curve of a partially shaded solar array can have multiple peaks, and some algorithms can get stuck in a local maximum rather than the global maximum of the curve. | The efficiency of transferring the power from the photovoltaic (PV) solar systems depends on many factors which change frequently. MPPT system purpose is to continuously adjust the parameters under which the system work to achieve the most efficient transfer of power from the solar system to the load. | null | null | null | 12398 |
null | open_qa | How many people live in the Netherlands | The Netherlands has a population of 17.4 million people. | null | null | null | 12399 |
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