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null | closed_qa | What is Pinot Grigio? | Pinot Gris, Pinot Grigio (US: /ˈpiːnoʊ ˈɡriːdʒioʊ, -dʒoʊ/, UK: /ˈɡrɪdʒioʊ/) or Grauburgunder is a white wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Thought to be a mutant clone of the Pinot Noir variety, it normally has a grayish-blue fruit, accounting for its name, but the grapes can have a brownish pink to black and even white appearance. The word pinot could have been given to it because the grapes grow in small pinecone-shaped clusters. The wines produced from this grape also vary in color from a deep golden yellow to copper and even a light shade of pink, and it is one of the more popular grapes for skin-contact wine.
Pinot Gris is grown around the globe, with the "spicy" full-bodied Alsatian and lighter-bodied, more acidic Italian styles being most widely recognized. The Alsatian style, often duplicated in New World wine regions such as Marlborough, Tasmania, South Australia, Washington, Oregon, and South Africa tend to have moderate to low acidity, higher alcohol levels and an almost "oily" texture that contributes to the full-bodied nature of the wine. The flavors can range from ripe tropical fruit notes of melon and mango to some botrytis-influenced flavors. In Italy, Pinot grigio grapes are often harvested early to retain the refreshing acidity and minimize some of the overt-fruitiness of the variety, creating a more neutral flavor profile. This style is often imitated in other Old World wine regions, such as Germany, where the grape is known as Ruländer, or more commonly, Grauburgunder. | Pinot Gris, Pinot Grigio (US: /ˈpiːnoʊ ˈɡriːdʒioʊ, -dʒoʊ/, UK: /ˈɡrɪdʒioʊ/) or Grauburgunder is a white wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Pinot Gris is grown around the globe, with the "spicy" full-bodied Alsatian and lighter-bodied, more acidic Italian styles being most widely recognized. | null | null | null | 2000 |
null | closed_qa | Given this text, tell me the inventor of the Rueben sandwich and where it was invented. | One origin story holds that Reuben Kulakofsky (his first name sometimes spelled Reubin; his last name sometimes shortened to Kay), a Lithuanian-born Jewish grocer residing in Omaha, Nebraska, asked for a sandwich made of corned beef and sauerkraut at his weekly poker game held in the Blackstone Hotel from around 1920 through 1935. The participants, who nicknamed themselves "the committee", included the hotel's owner, Charles Schimmel. Schimmel's son, who worked in the kitchen, made the first Reuben for him, adding Swiss cheese and thousand island dressing to his order, putting the whole thing on rye bread. The sandwich first gained local fame when Schimmel put it on the Blackstone's lunch menu, and its fame spread when a former employee of the hotel won the national sandwich idea contest with the recipe. In Omaha, Nebraska, March 14 was proclaimed Reuben Sandwich Day.
Another account holds that the Reuben's creator was Arnold Reuben, the German-Jewish owner of Reuben's Delicatessen (1908–2001) in New York City. According to an interview with Craig Claiborne, Arnold Reuben created the "Reuben Special" around 1914. Bernard Sobel in his 1953 book, Broadway Heartbeat: Memoirs of a Press Agent states that the sandwich was an extemporaneous creation for Marjorie Rambeau, inaugurated when the Broadway actress visited the Reuben's Delicatessen one night when the cupboards were particularly bare.
Still other versions give credit to Alfred Scheuing, a chef at Reuben's Delicatessen, and say he created the sandwich for Reuben's son, Arnold Jr., in the 1930s. | There is no single agreed inventor of the Reuben sandwich. The text gives these possible answers:
* Reuben Kulakofsky invented the sandwich in Omaha, Nebraska
* Arnold Reuben invented the sandwich at Reuben's Delicatessen in New York City
* Alfred Scheuing invented the sandwich at Reuben's Delicatessen in New York City | null | null | null | 2001 |
null | brainstorming | Give me a list of some nice Vegetarian Indian dishes | 1. Bhindi Masala: For those who likes Okra or Ladyfinger or would simply would like to experiment with this vegetable, it is a great dish which is not only tasty but healthy as well.
2. Chana Masala: In Hindi, the name for Chickpeas is Chana. It is not only easy to make but also full of proteins.
3. Sabji Jalfrezi: This Indian dish is a mix of all amazing vegetables like carrot, potatoes, beans, peas, etc blended nicely in various herbs and spices.
4. Baingan ka Bharta: Baingan is eggplant. So you might get some idea already about this dish. It is prepared by grilling lightly an eggplant, ideally over a gas or even traditional coal like barbecue and then mincing and cooking it with various spices. | null | null | null | 2002 |
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null | information_extraction | From the passage provided, extract Tagore's nickname | The name Tagore is the anglicised transliteration of Thakur. The original surname of the Tagores was Kushari. They were Pirali Brahmin ('Pirali’ historically carried a stigmatized and pejorative connotation) originally belonged to a village named Kush in the district named Burdwan in West Bengal. The biographer of Rabindranath Tagore, Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya wrote in the first volume of his book Rabindrajibani O Rabindra Sahitya Prabeshak that
The Kusharis were the descendants of Deen Kushari, the son of Bhatta Narayana; Deen was granted a village named Kush (in Burdwan zilla) by Maharaja Kshitisura, he became its chief and came to be known as Kushari.
Life and events
Early life: 1861–1878
Main article: Early life of Rabindranath Tagore
Young Tagore in London, 1879
The last two days a storm has been raging, similar to the description in my song—Jhauro jhauro borishe baridhara [... amidst it] a hapless, homeless man drenched from top to toe standing on the roof of his steamer [...] the last two days I have been singing this song over and over [...] as a result the pelting sound of the intense rain, the wail of the wind, the sound of the heaving Gorai River, [...] have assumed a fresh life and found a new language and I have felt like a major actor in this new musical drama unfolding before me.
— Letter to Indira Devi.
The youngest of 13 surviving children, Tagore (nicknamed "Rabi") was born on 7 May 1861 in the Jorasanko mansion in Calcutta, the son of Debendranath Tagore (1817–1905) and Sarada Devi (1830–1875).
Black-and-white photograph of a finely dressed man and woman: the man, smiling, stands with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward with a shawl draped over his shoulders and in Bengali formal wear. In front of him, the woman, seated, is in elaborate dress and shawl; she leans against a carved table supporting a vase and flowing leaves.
Tagore and his wife Mrinalini Devi, 1883
Tagore was raised mostly by servants; his mother had died in his early childhood and his father travelled widely. The Tagore family was at the forefront of the Bengal renaissance. They hosted the publication of literary magazines; theatre and recitals of Bengali and Western classical music featured there regularly. Tagore's father invited several professional Dhrupad musicians to stay in the house and teach Indian classical music to the children. Tagore's oldest brother Dwijendranath was a philosopher and poet. Another brother, Satyendranath, was the first Indian appointed to the elite and formerly all-European Indian Civil Service. Yet another brother, Jyotirindranath, was a musician, composer, and playwright. His sister Swarnakumari became a novelist. Jyotirindranath's wife Kadambari Devi, slightly older than Tagore, was a dear friend and powerful influence. Her abrupt suicide in 1884, soon after he married, left him profoundly distraught for years. | Rabi | null | null | null | 2003 |
null | brainstorming | Write a list of items that are “must buys” at Costco | 1. Toilet Paper
2. Paper Towels
3 TV’s
4. Jewelry
5. Water Bottles
6. Any Meat Product
7. Avocados
8. Alcohol
9. Giant Shampoo & Conditioner
10. Clothes | null | null | null | 2004 |
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null | open_qa | Which TV Show is about a zip code in Beverly Hills? | 90210 | null | null | null | 2005 |
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null | general_qa | What makes a healthy diet? | A healthy diet is one composed of an appropriate amount of calories balanced across macronutrients with clean sources of fruits, vegetables, grains, and other foods. An adult should generally target around 2000 calories per day, however this number should be greater depending on age, size, and activity level. Processed foods are generally less healthy and are associated with risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. | null | null | null | 2006 |
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null | information_extraction | List the number of warehouses Costco has. Segregate based on location in a descending order. Use the format ‘ Number of warehouse : Location’. | Costco Wholesale Corporation (doing business as Costco Wholesale and also known simply as Costco) is an American multinational corporation which operates a chain of membership-only big-box retail stores (warehouse club). As of 2022, Costco is the fifth largest retailer in the world and is the world's largest retailer of choice and prime beef, organic foods, rotisserie chicken, and wine as of 2016. Costco is ranked #11 on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.
Costco's worldwide headquarters are in Issaquah, Washington, an eastern suburb of Seattle, although its Kirkland Signature house label bears the name of its former location in Kirkland. The company opened its first warehouse (the chain's term for its retail outlets) in Seattle in 1983. Through mergers, however, Costco's corporate history dates back to 1976, when its former competitor Price Club was founded in San Diego, California. As of February 2023, Costco has 848 warehouses worldwide: 584 in the United States, 107 in Canada, 40 in Mexico, 31 in Japan, 29 in the United Kingdom, 18 in South Korea, 14 in Taiwan, 14 in Australia, four in Spain, two each in France and China, and one each in Iceland, New Zealand and Sweden. | 584 : United States
107 : Canada,
40 : Mexico,
31 : Japan,
29 : the United Kingdom
18 : South Korea,
14 : Taiwan,
14 : Australia,
4 : Spain,
2 : France
2 : China
1 : Iceland
1 : New Zealand
1 : Sweden | null | null | null | 2007 |
null | open_qa | What is the name of Frankenstein's monster? | Contrary to what many people think, the monster is not named Frankenstein. Dr. Frankenstein is the name of the scientist who created the monster in Mary Shelley's 1818 novel, "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus." The monster does not have a name and is simply referred to as "the Creature." | null | null | null | 2008 |
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null | closed_qa | What was Dick Lammi's most famous work? | Dick Lammi (January 15, 1909 – November 29, 1969) was an American jazz tubist and bassist associated with Dixieland jazz. Lammi played violin and banjo early in his career, and played as a banjoist in various groups in the Pacific Northwest in the late 1920s. He settled in Portland, Oregon in the early 1930s, and played bass in a group there; after a move to San Francisco in 1936, he began playing tuba alongside bass. His best-known work was as a member of Lu Watters's band, the Yerba Buena Jazz Band. Lammi played in the ensemble from 1941 to 1950, including on virtually all of their recordings. | Dick Lammi was most famous for his work as a member of Lu Watters's band, the Yerba Buena Jazz Band. | null | null | null | 2009 |
null | classification | Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Wallis and Futuna or Morocco.
Casablanca, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Mata-Utu, Fès, Leava | Wallis and Futuna - Mata-Utu, Leava
Morocco - Casablanca, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Fès | null | null | null | 2010 |
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null | closed_qa | What kind of publisher is the American Fantasy Press | American Fantasy Press is a science fiction/fantasy/horror specialty press owned and operated by Robert T. Garcia and Nancy Garcia. Located in Woodstock, Illinois, the press has published: The first U.S. hardcover edition of Dennis Etchison's Darkside (A 10th anniversary edition); the chapbook edition of The Man on the Ceiling by Steve Rasnic and Melanie Tem, the chapbook of A Walking Tour of the Shambles by Neil Gaiman and Gene Wolfe, the first U.S. hardcover edition of Michael Moorcock's The Dreamthief's Daughter (a signed, limited edition), the chapbook The Broecker Sampler, featuring the artwork of Randy Broecker, a broadsheet of Jo Fletcher's poem Midnight Monster illustrated by Gahan Wilson, and the first hardcover edition of the Mary Frances Zambreno's short story collection Invisible Pleasures. It published the fantasy short story collection by Mike Resnick, Stalking the Zombie which features his hard-boiled detective John J. Mallory in an alternate Manhattan. In 2015, the press published The Collectors' Book of Virgil Finlay, by Robert Weinberg, Douglas Ellis and AF publisher Robert Garcia. | American Fantasy Press is a science fiction/fantasy/horror specialty press. | null | null | null | 2011 |
null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Atabaque, Ajaeng | Ajaeng is string, Atabague is percussion. | null | null | null | 2012 |
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null | summarization | Please give a simple list of reasons that extraterrestrial intelligence may not exist or is very rare | Those who think that intelligent extraterrestrial life is (nearly) impossible argue that the conditions needed for the evolution of life—or at least the evolution of biological complexity—are rare or even unique to Earth. Under this assumption, called the rare Earth hypothesis, a rejection of the mediocrity principle, complex multicellular life is regarded as exceedingly unusual.
The rare Earth hypothesis argues that the evolution of biological complexity requires a host of fortuitous circumstances, such as a galactic habitable zone, a star and planet(s) having the requisite conditions, such as enough of a continuous habitable zone, the advantage of a giant guardian like Jupiter and a large moon, conditions needed to ensure the planet has a magnetosphere and plate tectonics, the chemistry of the lithosphere, atmosphere, and oceans, the role of "evolutionary pumps" such as massive glaciation and rare bolide impacts. And perhaps most importantly, advanced life needs whatever it was that led to the transition of (some) prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells, sexual reproduction and the Cambrian explosion.
In his book Wonderful Life (1989), Stephen Jay Gould suggested that if the "tape of life" were rewound to the time of the Cambrian explosion, and one or two tweaks made, human beings most probably never would have evolved. Other thinkers such as Fontana, Buss, and Kauffman have written about the self-organizing properties of life. | Conditions that evolved intelligent life on planet Earth may be exceedingly rare in the Universe. These reasons for that are speculated to be:
1. The solar system is in a safe location within its galaxy.
2. The location of the earth relative to the sun and other planets in the solar system gives it protection from extreme environmental conditions that would prevent life from occurring.
3. The steps that led to advanced life forms (prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells, sexual reproduction and the Cambrian explosion) may be very unlikely to occur. | null | null | null | 2013 |
null | information_extraction | Name some Nobel Prize winners | Gerty Theresa Cori was a Czech-American biochemist who in 1947 was the third woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, and the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for her role in the "discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen". Together with her husband Carl and Argentine physiologist Bernardo Houssay, Gerty Cori received the Nobel Prize in 1947 for the discovery of the mechanism by which glycogen—a starch made from glucose—is broken down in muscle tissue into lactic acid and then resynthesized in the body and stored as a source of energy (known as the Cori cycle). They also identified the important catalyzing compound, the Cori ester. The Coris were the third ever married couple to win the Nobel Prize. In 2004, both Gerty and Carl Cori were designated a National Historic Chemical Landmark in recognition of their work in clarifying carbohydrate metabolism. | In 1947, biochemist Gerty Cori and her husband, Carl, received the Nobel Prize (along with their colleague physiologist Bernardo Houssay) for their work on the course of glycogen in the human body, now known as the Cori cycle. | null | null | null | 2014 |
null | information_extraction | What is the difference between check and checkmate? | When a king is under immediate attack, it is said to be in check. A move in response to a check is legal only if it results in a position where the king is no longer in check. This can involve capturing the checking piece; interposing a piece between the checking piece and the king (which is possible only if the attacking piece is a queen, rook, or bishop and there is a square between it and the king); or moving the king to a square where it is not under attack. Castling is not a permissible response to a check.
The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent; this occurs when the opponent's king is in check, and there is no legal way to get it out of check. It is never legal for a player to make a move that puts or leaves the player's own king in check. In casual games, it is common to announce "check" when putting the opponent's king in check, but this is not required by the rules of chess and is usually not done in tournaments. | When a king is about to be captured in the next opponents move, then the king is in check. If the king cannot get out of check, then the king is checkmated and loses the game | null | null | null | 2015 |
null | open_qa | What is solar minimum and how it is related to sun cycle? | Sun has a cycle that lasts on an average of 11 years | null | null | null | 2016 |
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null | open_qa | Name three poems by William Wordsworth. | Tintern Abbey, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, and the Solitary Reaper | null | null | null | 2017 |
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null | brainstorming | Who are the best starting MLB pitchers of all time? | There are many ways to argue who the best pitchers of all time are. Some of the criteria to consider are Cy Young Awards, ERA titles, strike out titles and records, post season success, and longevity. With these criteria heavily considered some of the best MLB pitchers of all time could be as follows.
5. Roger Clemens (The Rocket) pitched for 24 seasons and compiled accolades such as a record holding 7 Cy Young Awards, an MVP title, 5 strike out titles, 7 ERA titles, and won 2 World Series titles.
4. Pedro Martinez had the 4th highest win percentage in history, won the world series, won 3 Cy Young Awards, an MVP Award, and is one of only 4 pitchers to ever have more than 3,000 strike outs while walking fewer than 1,000.
3. Randy Johnson (The Big Unit) played for 22 MLB seasons and is the all time record holder for Wins, ranks 2nd all time for strike outs, won 5 Cy Young Awards, won The World Series.
2. Cy Young is one of the most legendary pitchers of all time and the annual award for the best pitcher in each MLB league is named after him. Some of his many accomplishments are that he is the all time leader for wins, innings pitched, and complete games.
1. Walter Johnson (The Big Train) was one of the "First Five" inaugurated into the MLB hall of fame. He is the all time leader in shut outs and was the all time leader for strikeouts for more than 55 years. He won The World Series and also is the all time leader for leading the league in strike outs 12 times. | null | null | null | 2018 |
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null | general_qa | What are some useful ways to repurpose a cardboard box? | That depends on the person and what they find useful. I might find a box useful for clearing my desk of all the mess I accumulate throughout the week. Meanwhile, my kids would much prefer to turn the box into a play house, a spaceship, or maybe a jail to imprison each other in. A cat might repurpose it as a hiding place or as a new scratching toy. | null | null | null | 2019 |
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null | closed_qa | Given the passage below, tell me how many Grammy Awards, Emmy Awards, and Billboard Music Awards Taylor Swift has won and how many simultaneous entries she had on the Billboard Global 200 when she had the most simultaneous entries for an artist. | Swift has won 12 Grammy Awards (including three for Album of the Year—tying for the most by an artist), an Emmy Award, 40 American Music Awards (the most won by an artist),29 Billboard Music Awards (the most won by a woman), 92 Guinness World Records, 14 MTV Video Music Awards (including three Video of the Year wins—the most by an act), 12 Country Music Association Awards (including the Pinnacle Award), eight Academy of Country Music Awards, and two Brit Awards. As a songwriter, she has been honored by the Nashville Songwriters Association, the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and the National Music Publishers' Association and was the youngest person on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time in 2015. At the 64th BMI Awards in 2016, Swift was the first woman to be honored with an award named after its recipient. In 2023, Swift became the first act to be named the global best-selling artist of the year by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) thrice.
From available data, Swift has amassed over 50 million album sales, 150 million single sales, and 114 million units globally, including 78 billion streams. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) ranked her as the Global Recording Artist of the Year for a record three times (2014, 2019 and 2022). Swift has the most number-one albums in the United Kingdom and Ireland for a female artist this millennium and earned the highest income for an artist on Chinese digital music platforms—RMB 159,000,000. Swift is the most streamed female act on Spotify, and the only artist to have received more than 200 million streams in one day (228 million streams on October 21, 2022).The most entries and the most simultaneous entries for an artist on the Billboard Global 200, with 94 and 31 songs, respectively, are among her feats. Her Reputation Stadium Tour (2018) is the highest-grossing North American tour ever, and she was the world's highest-grossing female touring act of the 2010s. Beginning with Fearless, all of her studio albums opened with over a million global units. | Taylor Swift won 12 Grammy Awards, one Emmy Awards, 29 Billboard Music Awards, and had 31 songs on the Billboard Global 200 simultaneously, breaking the record for the most simultaneous entries for an artist on the Billboard Global 200. | null | null | null | 2020 |
null | information_extraction | Give me list of main cast of Friends TV show | Friends is an American television sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons. With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Kauffman, and Crane. | Jennifer Aniston,
Courteney Cox,
Lisa Kudrow,
Matt LeBlanc,
Matthew Perry,
David Schwimmer | null | null | null | 2021 |
null | general_qa | How did you prepare for your business case competition? | To start off, we started getting background information on the topic before proceeding to construct our argument. Next, we finished a rough draft and checked the California FBLA website to make sure we were following the formatting requirements. By February break, we were completely finished with our prejudged report. After figuring out we were prejudged, we created a separate document for our speech. This was because our speech had additional requirements compared to the report; the speech also had to include our personal recommendation on the topic. | null | null | null | 2022 |
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null | open_qa | Which American president appears on a one-dollar bill? | George Washington | null | null | null | 2023 |
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null | open_qa | Is it safe to invest in stocks? | There are no guarantees of profits when you buy stock, which makes stock a risky investments. If a company doesn't do well or falls out of favor with investors, its stock can fall in price, and investors could lose money. With the other hand, Stocks offer investors the greatest potential for growth over the long haul. Investors willing to stick with stocks over long periods of time, say 15 years, generally have been rewarded with strong, positive returns. | null | null | null | 2024 |
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null | information_extraction | From the passage provided, extract the names of Jawaharlal Nehru's parents. Separate them with a comma. | Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14 November 1889 in Allahabad in British India. His father, Motilal Nehru (1861–1931), a self-made wealthy barrister who belonged to the Kashmiri Pandit community, served twice as president of the Indian National Congress, in 1919 and 1928. His mother, Swarup Rani Thussu (1868–1938), who came from a well-known Kashmiri Brahmin family settled in Lahore, was Motilal's second wife, his first having died in childbirth. Jawaharlal was the eldest of three children. His elder sister, Vijaya Lakshmi, later became the first female president of the United Nations General Assembly. His youngest sister, Krishna Hutheesing, became a noted writer and authored several books on her brother. | Motilal Nehru, Swarup Rani Thussu | null | null | null | 2025 |
null | general_qa | What is the best seasoning to use on steak? | The best seasoning combination for any steak is the classic Garlic, Pepper, and Salt combination. Salt will draw the water out of the meat, the water will dissolve the salt, and the moisture will then get reabsorbed back, breaking down protein, and ultimately tenderizing the meat. Garlic and Pepper pair very well with Salt and meat, crafting the best possible seasoning experience. | null | null | null | 2026 |
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null | creative_writing | What watch should I buy? | Purchasing a wristwatch is based on your individual desires, preferences and budget. You can purchase ultra high end watches like Patek Phillipe, Rolex and Richard Mille. There are popular tool watches such as Omega Seamaster and the Rolex Submariner which are both great starter watches for collectors. Watch prices vary based on price, materials and the movement. Quartz movement has become a popular alternative to Automatic or Manual watches however watch enthusiasts prefer to have a self-winding watch. | null | null | null | 2027 |
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null | general_qa | Where do bears live? | Different species of bears can be found in different parts of the world. For example, black bears can be found in North America and Asia, whereas polar bears can be found in the Arctic. Grizzly bears, are also known as brown bears, they can be found across Europe, Asia, and North America. | null | null | null | 2028 |
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null | classification | Which of the following can fly: bird, cow, cat, dog, car, helicopter, drone, bike, pot, butterfly, feather? | The objects that can fly are: bird, helicopter, drone, butterfly.
The objects that cannot fly are: cow, cat, dog, car, bike, pot, feather.
However, someone may claim that a feather can fly as well because it's light enough and a mild wind blow could make it fly. | null | null | null | 2029 |
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null | brainstorming | Make a bullet list of some different ways that a kid can make some money | - Lemonade Stand
- Mowing lawns
- Garage Sale
- Babysitting | null | null | null | 2030 |
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null | closed_qa | Who won a gold medal alongside Waters in the coxed four? | A member of the Hamilton Rowing Club, Waters began rowing as a 17-year-old. In 1929 he was a member of the Hamilton four that won the national championship. In March of the following year, he participated in a trial race for selection of the New Zealand team to compete at the 1930 British Empire Games in Hamilton, Ontario, but was not initially chosen for the 12-man squad. However, he was included in the final squad selected in late June, and competed in both the men's eight and coxed four at the 1930 Empire Games. He won a gold medal in the coxed four, alongside Mick Brough, Jack Macdonald, Bert Sandos, and Arthur Eastwood (cox), and a silver medal in the eights, finishing three-quarters of a boat length behind the victorious English crew. | Mick Brough, Jack Macdonald, Bert Sandos, and Arthur Eastwood won a gold medal alongside Waters in the coxed four. | null | null | null | 2031 |
null | closed_qa | What is Hinton's citizenship? | Geoffrey Everest Hinton CC FRS FRSC (born 6 December 1947) is a British-Canadian cognitive psychologist and computer scientist, most noted for his work on artificial neural networks. Since 2013, he has divided his time working for Google (Google Brain) and the University of Toronto. In 2017, he co-founded and became the Chief Scientific Advisor of the Vector Institute in Toronto.
With David Rumelhart and Ronald J. Williams, Hinton was co-author of a highly cited paper published in 1986 that popularised the backpropagation algorithm for training multi-layer neural networks, although they were not the first to propose the approach. Hinton is viewed as a leading figure in the deep learning community. The dramatic image-recognition milestone of the AlexNet designed in collaboration with his students Alex Krizhevsky and Ilya Sutskever for the ImageNet challenge 2012 was a breakthrough in the field of computer vision.
Hinton received the 2018 Turing Award, together with Yoshua Bengio and Yann LeCun, for their work on deep learning. They are sometimes referred to as the "Godfathers of AI" and "Godfathers of Deep Learning", and have continued to give public talks together. | British and Canadian. | null | null | null | 2032 |
null | classification | Tell me whether these instruments are stringed or percussion: Cello, Cymbals, Triangle, Harp | The cello and harp are stringed instruments while the cymbals and triangle are percussion instruments. | null | null | null | 2033 |
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null | closed_qa | Given this reference text about Delta Lambda Phi, during which years was the DLP fraternity not the fastest growing fraternity in the US? | Delta Lambda Phi (ΔΛΦ) is an international social fraternity for gay, bisexual, transgender and progressive men. It offers a social environment and structure similar to other Greek-model college fraternities. The fraternity was founded on October 15, 1986, by Vernon L. Strickland III in Washington, D.C.: becoming the first national social fraternity for gay, bisexual, and straight progressive men. The full, corporate name of the fraternity is Delta Lambda Phi Social Fraternity, but it is commonly referred to as "DLP" by its members. As of 2007, DLP was one of the fastest-growing fraternities in the United States. | Between 1986 and 2007, DLP was available, but not the fastest growing fraternity. | null | null | null | 2034 |
null | general_qa | From the passage provided, extract the total product revenue and % YoY growth using format: {$x} product revenue with {x%} YoY growth
Product revenue of $555.3 million in the fourth quarter, representing 54% year-over-year growth
Remaining performance obligations of $3.7 billion, representing 38% year-over-year growth
7,828 total customers
Net revenue retention rate of 158%
330 customers with trailing 12-month product revenue greater than $1 million
Authorized a $2.0 billion stock repurchase program | $555.3m product revenue with 54% YoY growth | null | null | null | 2035 |
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null | summarization | how can we prevent the best river floods? | Prominent levee systems have been built along the Mississippi River and Sacramento River in the United States, and the Po, Rhine, Meuse River, Rhône, Loire, Vistula, the delta formed by the Rhine, Maas/Meuse and Scheldt in the Netherlands and the Danube in Europe. During the Chinese Warring States period, the Dujiangyan irrigation system was built by the Qin as a water conservation and flood control project. The system's infrastructure is located on the Minjiang (Chinese: 岷江; pinyin: Mínjiāng), which is the longest tributary of the Chang Jiang, in Sichuan, China.
The Mississippi levee system represents one of the largest such systems found anywhere in the world. It comprises over 5,600 km (3,500 mi) of levees extending some 1,000 km (620 mi) along the Mississippi, stretching from Cape Girardeau, Missouri, to the Mississippi delta. They were begun by French settlers in Louisiana in the 18th century to protect the city of New Orleans. The first Louisiana levees were about 90 cm (3 ft) high and covered a distance of about 80 km (50 mi) along the riverside. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, in conjunction with the Mississippi River Commission, extended the levee system beginning in 1882 to cover the riverbanks from Cairo, Illinois to the mouth of the Mississippi delta in Louisiana. By the mid-1980s, they had reached their present extent and averaged 7.3 m (24 ft) in height; some Mississippi levees are as high as 15 m (50 ft). The Mississippi levees also include some of the longest continuous individual levees in the world. One such levee extends southwards from Pine Bluff, Arkansas, for a distance of some 610 km (380 mi). The scope and scale of the Mississippi levees has often been compared to the Great Wall of China.
The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) recommends and supports cellular confinement technology (geocells) as a best management practice. Particular attention is given to the matter of surface erosion, overtopping prevention and protection of levee crest and downstream slope. Reinforcement with geocells provides tensile force to the soil to better resist instability.
Artificial levees can lead to an elevation of the natural river bed over time; whether this happens or not and how fast, depends on different factors, one of them being the amount and type of the bed load of a river. Alluvial rivers with intense accumulations of sediment tend to this behavior. Examples of rivers where artificial levees led to an elevation of the river bed, even up to a point where the river bed is higher than the adjacent ground surface behind the levees, are found for the Yellow River in China and the Mississippi in the United States. | Prominent levee systems have been built as a water conservation and flood control project.
The Mississippi River and Sacramento River in the United States, and the Po, Rhine, Meuse River, Rhône, Loire, Vistula, the delta formed by the Rhine, Maas/Meuse and Scheldt in the Netherlands and the Danube in Europe. The Mississippi levee system represents one of the largest such systems found anywhere in the world | null | null | null | 2036 |
null | open_qa | What is a baby cat called? | A baby cat is called a kitten | null | null | null | 2037 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me ideas how I could become more productive. | Here are a few things you can try to become more productive:
1. Limit multitasking: While it may feel more productive, you can easily get distracted and spend more time on those tasks overall. Instead, try to complete one task to a higher standard in less time.
2. Set small goals: Large tasks can feel overwhelming which can in turn lead to procrastination. Try to break them down into smaller, manageable chunks and complete them one by one.
3. Take a break: It is scientifically proven that brain productivity increases after having a short break. Consider scheduling frequent short breaks of 10-15 minutes. Make sure you step away from your work environment. This will help your mind to have a rest and come up with new ideas after the break.
4. Complete the hardest task first: The most complex or hardest task can be intimidating to start with and we tend to avoid them therefore. Try to start with one of these tasks. It can energize and motivate you throughout the day, helping you accomplish a lot of smaller tasks.
5. Delegate: If you are part of a team, consider collaborating with team members more closely. Delegation is not about offloading work. Instead, it is about better task allocation ensuring each team member works on a task that is best suited to their skills and availability. | null | null | null | 2038 |
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null | general_qa | Eggs are expensive these days. Should I rear my own chickens instead? | Chickens typically take around 18 weeks to start laying eggs. Of course, this depends on the age and the breed of the chickens as well. You wouldn’t expect a newborn to start producing eggs. A hen does not lay eggs in cold seasons. So, if you can wait for your chickens to lay eggs and don’t mind spending on raising chickens, buying a flock of chickens at $30 to start might not be a bad idea. | null | null | null | 2039 |
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null | creative_writing | What are some of the things to know about New York City? | New York is the most populous city in USA. It is located in the southern tip of New York State. It is home of the Yankee Stadium which is the most famous baseball stadium in the world. It is a major transportation hub with global connectivity with three major airport, two major train stations, and a huge subway network. It is situated in the worlds largest natural harbor extending into the Atlantic Ocean. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. | null | null | null | 2040 |
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null | closed_qa | What is the meaning of life? | The meaning of life, or the answer to the question: "What is the meaning of life?", pertains to the significance of living or existence in general. Many other related questions include: "Why are we here?", "What is life all about?", or "What is the purpose of existence?" There have been many proposed answers to these questions from many different cultural and ideological backgrounds. The search for life's meaning has produced much philosophical, scientific, theological, and metaphysical speculation throughout history. Different people and cultures believe different things for the answer to this question.
The meaning of life can be derived from philosophical and religious contemplation of, and scientific inquiries about existence, social ties, consciousness, and happiness. Many other issues are also involved, such as symbolic meaning, ontology, value, purpose, ethics, good and evil, free will, the existence of one or multiple gods, conceptions of God, the soul, and the afterlife. Scientific contributions focus primarily on describing related empirical facts about the universe, exploring the context and parameters concerning the "how" of life. Science also studies and can provide recommendations for the pursuit of well-being and a related conception of morality. An alternative, humanistic approach poses the question, "What is the meaning of my life?" | pertains to the significance of living or existence in general | null | null | null | 2041 |
null | creative_writing | Create a beginner-intermediate push-pull-legs workout routine that I can do 6 times a week. | Day 1 (push):
5x5 Bench Press
3x8 Incline Bench Press
3x8 Overhead Press
3x8-12 Triceps Pushdown
3x8-12 Triceps Extension superset with 3x8-12 Lateral Raise
Day 2 (pull):
1x5 Deadlift
3x8 Lat Pulldown
3x8 Seated Row
3x12-15 Face Pull
4x8-12 Incline Curl
4x8-12 Hammer Curl
Day 3 (legs):
2x5 Squat
3x8 Romanian Deadlift
3x8 Leg Press
3x8-12 Seated Leg Curl
3x8-12 Standing Calf Raise
Day 4: (push)
5x5 Overhead Press
3x8 Incline Bench Press
3x8 Bench Press
3x8-12 Triceps Pushdown
3x8-12 Triceps Extension superset with 3x8-12 Lateral Raise
Day 5 (pull):
5x5 Bent Over Row
3x8 Lat Pulldown
3x8 Seated Row
3x12-15 Face Pull
4x8-12 Incline Curl
4x8-12 Hammer Curl
Day 6 (legs):
2x5 Squat
3x8 Romanian Deadlift
3x8 Leg Press
3x8-12 Seated Leg Curl
3x8-12 Standing Calf Raise | null | null | null | 2042 |
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null | information_extraction | Who is George R.R. Martin? | George Raymond Richard Martin (born George Raymond Martin; September 20, 1948), also known as GRRM, is an American novelist, screenwriter, television producer and short story writer. He is the author of the series of epic fantasy novels A Song of Ice and Fire, which were adapted into the Emmy Award-winning HBO series Game of Thrones (2011–2019) and its prequel series House of the Dragon (2022–present). He also helped create the Wild Cards anthology series, and contributed worldbuilding for the 2022 video game Elden Ring. | George Raymond Richard Martin (born George Raymond Martin; September 20, 1948), also known as GRRM, is an American novelist, screenwriter, television producer and short story writer. He is the author of the series of epic fantasy novels A Song of Ice and Fire, which were adapted into the Emmy Award-winning HBO series Game of Thrones (2011–2019) and its prequel series House of the Dragon (2022–present). He also helped create the Wild Cards anthology series, and contributed worldbuilding for the 2022 video game Elden Ring.
In 2005, Lev Grossman of Time called Martin "the American Tolkien", and in 2011, he was included on the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. He is a longtime citizen of Santa Fe, New Mexico, where he helped fund Meow Wolf and owns the Jean Cocteau Cinema. The city commemorates March 29 as George R. R. Martin Day. | null | null | null | 2043 |
null | classification | Is this hockey, baseball, or both? | Puck, Ball, Ice, Dirt, Skates, Cleats, Gloves, Glove, Bat, Stick, Pads, Helmet | null | null | null | 2044 |
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null | closed_qa | Why did George HW Bush lose the presidency? | Bush lost the 1992 presidential election to Democrat Bill Clinton following an economic recession, his turnaround on his tax promise, and the decreased emphasis of foreign policy in a post–Cold War political climate. | George HW Bush lost the presidency due to an economic recession and his turnaround on a tax promise | null | null | null | 2045 |
null | brainstorming | Give me a list of the last five "best rap song" Grammy winners (just tell me the song name and the performing artist). | 1. The Heart Part 5 by Kendrick Lamar, 2023
2. Jail by Kanye West featuring Jay-Z, 2022
3. Savage by Megan Thee Stallion featuring Beyoncé, 2021
4. A lot, 21 Savage featuring J. Cole, 2020
5. God's plan, Drake, 2019 | null | null | null | 2046 |
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null | general_qa | Identify and briefly discuss four “commandments” for effective presidential relations with the Congress. Do you think a president needs a good relationship with Congress to be an effective president? | There are ten commandments for effective presidential relationals. I will discuss four of these commandments. The first that I will discuss is that the president should respect Congress as an equal institution. President Obama said, “If Congress doesn’t act, I will.” He went on to use executive orders to enable the policy that he was trying to enact. The problem with this method is that Trump was then able to revoke those acts, undoing all the work that Obama accomplished. The second is bi-partisan support for Presidential programs. If both sides take ownership of an issue, it tends to make it easier to enact policy. Third, the President needs to be able to compromise. If he can’t compromise, he won’t be able to effectively negotiate a bill with Congress. Fourth is the President needs a sound program. If the program has no chance of success, then Congress won’t want to back it.
If we define a President as being effective when he creates lasting policy, then he obviously needs to have a good relationship with Congress. If he’s not able to work with Congress to pass legislation, then his only other option would be to use executive orders to enact policy, which will typically not live past his Presidency. | null | null | null | 2047 |
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null | general_qa | What functions have political parties served in American politics? Assess the strength of each aspect of the U.S. political parties—the party in government, the party as organizations, and party in the electorate. | The function of political parties is to present candidates for political office, have those candidates run in the parties name, and to win power when those candidates are elected. Parties help candidates to solve the “social choice problem”, “collective action problem” and are a mechanism for elites to organize and communicate with voters.
Parties in government are strong. Elected officials currently vote with the party on 90% of the issues. The parties control the agenda, committee assignments, campaign contributions and fundraising, and encourage or discourage primary election challenges. Parties are also strong with the electorate. Only 13% of the population doesn’t associate with either Democrats or Republicans to some degree, and those who do associate with a party will generally vote for that party's candidates. Party organizations are also strong as they raise large sums of money (about $600-$700 million in the last presidential election for each party) and enlist volunteers for campaigns. There is also a trend where party organizations are contacting and mobilizing voters at an increasing rate. | null | null | null | 2048 |
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null | information_extraction | Extract from the text, who is LBJ? | Lyndon Baines Johnson (/ˈlɪndən ˈbeɪnz/; August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He previously served as the 37th vice president from 1961 to 1963 under President John F. Kennedy, and was sworn in shortly after Kennedy's assassination. A Democrat from Texas, Johnson also served as a U.S. representative, U.S. Senator and the Senate's majority leader. He holds the distinction of being one of the few presidents who served in all elected offices at the federal level. | LBJ are the initials of Lyndon Baines Johnson, who was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969 | null | null | null | 2049 |
null | open_qa | FATF was established in which year? | FATF was established in the year 1989 | null | null | null | 2050 |
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null | open_qa | What are the classical states of matter? | 1. Solid: Matter in a solid state is comprised of particles that are held very closely together. Solids hold a definite shape.
2. Liquid: Matter is in a mostly non-compressible fluid state. Liquid matter conforms to the shape of its container.
3. Gas: Matter in a gaseous state is composed of compressible fluids. It may also take the shape of its container, but it will also expand to fill the container. | null | null | null | 2051 |
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null | general_qa | What's the difference between a knot, a hitch and a bend? | A knot stands by itself and will not come undone, an example is the figure 8 knot. A hitch, such as the clove hitch, requires something else such as a rope, a tree, or a carabiner to stay intact. A bend joins two ropes together. | null | null | null | 2052 |
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null | closed_qa | Based on the reference paragraph, when was the 149th Boat Race? | The 149th Boat Race took place on 6 April 2003. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford (in dark blue) and Cambridge (in light greenish blue) along a 4.2-mile (6.8 km) tidal stretch of the River Thames in south-west London. The lead changed twice during the race, which Oxford won by one foot (30 cm), the smallest margin of victory in the history of the event. The close race has been described as "epic", while Olympic gold medallist Steve Redgrave suggested that the race was the "greatest we will see in our lifetimes". | April 6, 2003 | null | null | null | 2053 |
null | creative_writing | Imagine you are planning a menu for Thanksgiving Dinner. Build out a meal with two main dishes, four side dishes and two desserts. I have an aunt with Celiac disease who is vegetarian, so make sure there are options for vegetarians and people with celiac disease in each course, and explain what my aunt can eat in each part of the meal | Main dishes: Turkey and Grilled Tofu
Side Dishes: Mashed Potatoes, Bread Rolls, Green Beans, Cranberry Sauce
Dessert: Pumpkin Pie, Vanilla Ice Cream
Your aunt can eat Grilled Tofu for the main, mashed potatoes, green beans and cranberry sauce for her side dishes and vanilla ice cream for dessert. All of these items are both vegetarian and gluten free, which is necessary for people with celiac disease. | null | null | null | 2054 |
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null | open_qa | What is reserve requirement? | Reserve requirements are central bank regulations that set the minimum amount that a commercial bank must hold in liquid assets. This minimum amount, commonly referred to as the commercial bank's reserve, is generally determined by the central bank on the basis of a specified proportion of deposit liabilities of the bank. This rate is commonly referred to as the reserve ratio. Though the definitions vary, the commercial bank's reserves normally consist of cash held by the bank and stored physically in the bank vault (vault cash), plus the amount of the bank's balance in that bank's account with the central bank. A bank is at liberty to hold in reserve sums above this minimum requirement, commonly referred to as excess reserves.
The reserve ratio is sometimes used by a country’s monetary authority as a tool in monetary policy, to influence the country's money supply by limiting or expanding the amount of lending by the banks. Monetary authorities increase the reserve requirement only after careful consideration because an abrupt change may cause liquidity problems for banks with low excess reserves; they generally prefer to use open market operations (buying and selling government-issued bonds) to implement their monetary policy. In the United States and many other countries (except Brazil, China, India, Russia), reserve requirements are generally not altered frequently in implementing a country's monetary policy because of the short-term disruptive effect on financial markets. | null | null | null | 2055 |
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null | information_extraction | How much of the earth is covered in land? | Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only place known in the universe where life has originated and found habitability. While Earth may not contain the largest volumes of water in the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water, extending over 70.8% of the Earth with its ocean, making Earth an ocean world. Earth's polar regions currently retain most of all other water with large sheets of ice covering ocean and land, dwarfing Earth's groundwater, lakes, rivers and atmospheric water. Land, consisting of continents and islands, extends over 29.2% of the Earth and is widely covered by vegetation. Below Earth's surface material lies Earth's crust consisting of several slowly moving tectonic plates, which interact to produce mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Earth's liquid outer core generates a magnetic field that shapes the magnetosphere of Earth, largely deflecting destructive solar winds and cosmic radiation. | 29.2% of the earth's surface is covered in land. | null | null | null | 2056 |
null | closed_qa | Based on the reference text about coffee, tell me where coffee plants are primarily grown and the most common bean types. | Coffee is a beverage prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks.
Seeds of the Coffea plant's fruits are separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans. The beans are roasted and then ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often used to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor.
Though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the Red Sea. The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day Yemen from the mid-15th century in Sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. The Yemenis procured the coffee beans from the Ethiopian Highlands via coastal Somali intermediaries and began cultivation. By the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the Middle East and North Africa, later spreading to Europe. In the 20th century, coffee became a global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world.
The two most commonly grown coffee bean types are C. arabica and C. robusta. Coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and Africa. As of 2018, Brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world's total. Green, unroasted coffee is traded as an agricultural commodity. Despite sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars worldwide, farmers producing coffee beans disproportionately live in poverty. Critics of the coffee industry have also pointed to its negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use | Coffee plants are cultivated mainly in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and Africa. The most common types of coffee beans are arabica and robusta. | null | null | null | 2057 |
null | closed_qa | Given this reference text, what are column stores used for? | A column-oriented DBMS or columnar DBMS is a database management system (DBMS) that stores data tables by column rather than by row. Benefits include more efficient access to data when only querying a subset of columns (by eliminating the need to read columns that are not relevant), and more options for data compression. However, they are typically less efficient for inserting new data.
Practical use of a column store versus a row store differs little in the relational DBMS world. Both columnar and row databases can use traditional database query languages like SQL to load data and perform queries. Both row and columnar databases can become the backbone in a system to serve data for common extract, transform, load (ETL) and tools. | A column store database stores data as any other database management system. The data itself is stored sequentially to improve the performance of scans on a subset of individual columns. | null | null | null | 2058 |
null | brainstorming | Can Solar panels help you maintain power during a storm ? | It would really depend on how much cloud coverage you are getting but your panels should be able to generate some power. | null | null | null | 2059 |
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null | general_qa | What factors should I consider before becoming a dog owner? | Here are some questions you may ask yourself before becoming a dog owner:
1. Whether you have time to spend with the new family member daily. Dogs are social animals who need accompany just like human beings. You will need to spend time on walking, training and playing with your dogs every day.
2. Whether you have the financial ability to raise a dog. It's quite expensive to raise dogs. You will need to spend money on dog food, toys, pet necessities, vet bills, grooming, etc.
3. Whether you are prepared if you are a person who loves to travel. It will become harder to travel after having dogs.
4. Whether you are allergic to dogs.
5. Whether your current living condition is suitable for raising dogs. You also need to research what dog breeds are suitable for you, and dogs from different breeds have very different personalities. Is your home big enough for dogs of the breed you want to have? Are you living in a neighborhood that allows you to walk dogs easily and offers convenient access to facilities like dog parks? Do you have kids?
6. Whether you are prepared for dog training. Dogs need proper training to have good manners, which takes time, patience and persistence. | null | null | null | 2060 |
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null | information_extraction | Who was the winner of Top Chef Season 4? | Stephanie Izard is an American chef and television personality best known as the first female chef to win Bravo's Top Chef, taking the title during its fourth season. She is the co-owner and executive chef of three award-winning Chicago restaurants, Girl and the Goat, Little Goat, and Duck Duck Goat, and opened her first restaurant, Scylla (now closed) as chef-owner at the age of 27. Izard received a James Beard Foundation Award for "Best Chef: Great Lakes" in 2013 for her work at Girl and the Goat. She has made a number of appearances on Top Chef since her win, both as a guest judge on subsequent seasons and as a participant in Top Chef Duels. In 2017, Izard competed in the Food Network series Iron Chef Gauntlet, where she overall defeated chefs Bobby Flay, Michael Symon, and Masaharu Morimoto to obtain the title of Iron Chef. | Stephanie Izard won the fourth season of Top Chef | null | null | null | 2061 |
null | information_extraction | What is the difference between an electric field and gravitational field? | The concept of the electric field was introduced by Michael Faraday. An electric field is created by a charged body in the space that surrounds it, and results in a force exerted on any other charges placed within the field. The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the gravitational field acts between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an inverse square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference. Gravity always acts in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric field can result in either attraction or repulsion. Since large bodies such as planets generally carry no net charge, the electric field at a distance is usually zero. Thus gravity is the dominant force at distance in the universe, despite being much weaker.
An electric field generally varies in space and its strength at any one point is defined as the force (per unit charge) that would be felt by a stationary, negligible charge if placed at that point. The conceptual charge, termed a 'test charge', must be vanishingly small to prevent its own electric field disturbing the main field and must also be stationary to prevent the effect of magnetic fields. As the electric field is defined in terms of force, and force is a vector, having both magnitude and direction, so it follows that an electric field is a vector field.
The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called electrostatics. The field may be visualised by a set of imaginary lines whose direction at any point is the same as that of the field. This concept was introduced by Faraday, whose term 'lines of force' still sometimes sees use. The field lines are the paths that a point positive charge would seek to make as it was forced to move within the field; they are however an imaginary concept with no physical existence, and the field permeates all the intervening space between the lines. Field lines emanating from stationary charges have several key properties: first, that they originate at positive charges and terminate at negative charges; second, that they must enter any good conductor at right angles, and third, that they may never cross nor close in on themselves. | The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the gravitational field acts between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an inverse square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference. Gravity always acts in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric field can result in either attraction or repulsion. | null | null | null | 2062 |
null | general_qa | What are good plants to have in your home if you have cats? | Many house plants are not cat safe. Some which are: rattlesnake plants, spider plants and African violets to name a few. Make sure you always check before buying an indoor plant if it is cat safe or keep non-cat safe plants in location you cat cannot get to. | null | null | null | 2063 |
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null | classification | Which of the following cars are made by GM? Grand Cherokee, Blazer, F150, Bronco, Corvette | Blazer and Corvette | null | null | null | 2064 |
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null | summarization | Based on the given text, please tell me which region and country a Troll Cross originated in, and what its intent is. | In Sweden, as well as Norway, a trollkors or troll cross is a bent piece of iron worn as an amulet to ward off malevolent magic, allegedly stemming from medieval Sweden. According to those claiming its authenticity it represented the Norse symbol of protection; thus if a Norseman wore this symbol, they believed that chances of falling into danger would decrease. However, although commonly thought of as a part of Swedish folklore, it was first created—as an item of jewelry—by the smith Kari Erlands from western Dalarna, sometime in the late 1990s. It was claimed to have been a copy of a protective rune found at her grandparents' farm, but this has not been verified. While it does bear some resemblance to the othala rune in Elder Futhark and Anglo-Saxon runic writing systems, it is more likely that Erlands mistook a Bumerke for a protective symbol. | The Troll Cross originated in the western Dalarna region of Sweden. It is worn as an amulet or piece of jewelry to ward off malevolent magic. | null | null | null | 2065 |
null | closed_qa | Given this paragraph about the Republic of Finland becoming a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) what year did it start a formal relations with NATO? | Finland has had formal relations with NATO since 1994, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and has been a member of the European Union (EU), which largely overlaps with NATO in membership, since 1995. | Finland has started the formal relationship with NATO in 1994 when it joined the Partnership for Peace program. However it wasn't a NATO member up until April 4 2023 when it became an official member of NATO. | null | null | null | 2066 |
null | information_extraction | Change the following to past tense | Yoo Ji-No is a South Korean football player who plays for Suwon FC. | Yoo Ji-No was a South Korean football player who played for Suwon FC. | null | null | null | 2067 |
null | open_qa | What are some of the highest-rated episodes of The X-Files, based on viewer's ratings? | According to IMDB, users on the site have ranked the following as the top ten episodes from The X-Files: Bad Blood, Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose, Anasazi, Dreamland, Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man, Paper Clip, Redux II, The Erlenmeyer Flask, Jose Chung's From Outer Space, and Small Potatoes. | null | null | null | 2068 |
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null | information_extraction | What is the color of tennis balls? | Tennis balls were originally made of cloth strips stitched together with thread and stuffed with feathers. Modern tennis balls are made of hollow vulcanized rubber with a felt coating. Traditionally white, the predominant colour was gradually changed to optic yellow in the latter part of the 20th century to allow for improved visibility. Tennis balls must conform to certain criteria for size, weight, deformation, and bounce to be approved for regulation play. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) defines the official diameter as 65.41–68.58 mm (2.575–2.700 in). Balls must weigh between 56.0 and 59.4 g (1.98 and 2.10 oz). | Modern tennis balls are yellow. | null | null | null | 2069 |
null | summarization | Provide me some details about United States attorneys with the given text as a reference. | United States attorneys are officials of the U.S. Department of Justice who serve as the chief federal law enforcement officers in each of the 94 U.S. federal judicial districts. Each U.S. attorney serves as the United States' chief federal criminal prosecutor in their judicial district and represents the U.S. federal government in civil litigation in federal and state court within their geographic jurisdiction. U.S. attorneys must be nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, after which they serve four-year terms. | 1. In each of the 94 federal court districts in the United States, United States attorneys are representatives of the U.S. Department of Justice who act as the top federal law enforcement officials.
2. Each U.S. attorney represents the U.S. federal government in civil action in federal and state court within their geographic jurisdiction and acts as the country's top federal criminal prosecutor in their judicial district.
3. U.S. attorneys serve four-year terms after being appointed by the President and being confirmed by the Senate. | null | null | null | 2070 |
null | classification | Classify the following based on what kind of animals they are.
rodentia, chiroptera, lizards, primates, crocodiles, soricomorpha, turtles, snakes | Reptiles- lizards, crocodiles, turtles, snakes
Mammals- rodentia, chiroptera, soricomorpha, primates | null | null | null | 2071 |
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null | open_qa | What was the first functional submarine called? | The Turtle was made of wood and used in the American Revolution. | null | null | null | 2072 |
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null | brainstorming | What are three popular mezzo-soprano arias? | Three of the most commonly sung mezzo-soprano arias are:
"Habanera" from the opera Carmen by Bizet
"Voi che sapete" from the opera Le Nozze di Figaro by Mozart
"Che faro" from the opera Orfeo ed Euridice by Gluck | null | null | null | 2073 |
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null | open_qa | Which medical tool was developed by Sanctorius in 1612 | Thermometer | null | null | null | 2074 |
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null | classification | Classify each of the following as either a flying or aquatic animal: salmon, eagle, dolphin, whale, octopus, bat, goose | Among the given list, salmon, dolphin, whale, octopus are aquatic animals whereas eagle, bat and goose are flying animals. | null | null | null | 2075 |
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null | open_qa | In climbing, what is a hand jam? | Hand jamming is a technique used in crack climbing used to support the climbers upper body. The climber places their hand in a crack, then flexes their thumb towards the palm to expand their hand, creating friction between the sides of the crack and the base of the thumb and back of the hand. There are many variations on the technique depending on the size of the climber, the size of the crack, and the circumstances of the route. | null | null | null | 2076 |
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null | information_extraction | What is Venezuela? | Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. | null | null | null | 2077 |
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null | open_qa | Where is the first Summer Olympics held? | Athens, Greece 1896 | null | null | null | 2078 |
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null | general_qa | What are good tips to drive in the snow? | Driving in the snow can be a fun experience but it can be equally dangerous. Always prepare a medical kit and a bag of supplies such as potable water bottles, imperishable items, and a radio in case of emergencies. Make sure your vehicle has four wheel traction, and if necessary, install snow chains on the tires. If you find yourself in a snowstorm, drive extra carefully, and drive slow and safe until you obtain better visibility. | null | null | null | 2079 |
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null | closed_qa | What is Pinot Noir? | Pinot noir (French: [pino nwaʁ]) is a red-wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. The name may also refer to wines created predominantly from pinot noir grapes. The name is derived from the French words for pine and black. The word pine alludes to the grape variety having tightly clustered, pinecone–shaped bunches of fruit.
Pinot noir is grown around the world, mostly in cooler climates, and the variety is chiefly associated with the Burgundy region of France. Pinot noir is now used to make red wines around the world, as well as champagne, sparkling white wines such as the Italian Franciacorta, and English sparkling wines. Regions that have gained a reputation for red pinot noir wines include the Willamette Valley of Oregon; the Carneros, Central Coast, Sonoma Coast, and Russian River AVAs of California; the Elgin and Walker Bay wine regions of South Africa; the Mornington Peninsula, Adelaide Hills, Great Southern, Tasmania, and Yarra Valley in Australia; and the Central Otago, Martinborough, and Marlborough wine regions of New Zealand. Pinot noir is the most planted varietal (38%) used in sparkling wine production in Champagne and other wine regions. | Pinot noir (French: [pino nwaʁ]) is a red-wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Pinot noir is grown around the world, mostly in cooler climates, and the variety is chiefly associated with the Burgundy region of France. Pinot noir is now used to make red wines around the world, as well as champagne, sparkling white wines such as the Italian Franciacorta, and English sparkling wines. | null | null | null | 2080 |
null | open_qa | Who was the US president when WWII ended? | Harry S. Truman was the US president at the end of World War II | null | null | null | 2081 |
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null | general_qa | Who was Henry Ford? | Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist and business magnate. He was the founder of Ford Motor Company, and chief developer of the assembly line technique of mass production. Ford created the first automobile that middle-class Americans could afford, and his conversion of the automobile from an expensive luxury into an accessible conveyance profoundly impacted the landscape of the 20th century.
Ford was born on a farm in Michigan's Springwells Township to a Belgian family, leaving home at age 16 to work in Detroit. It was a few years before this time that Ford first experienced automobiles, and throughout the later half of the 1880s, Ford began repairing and later constructing engines, and through the 1890s worked with a division of Edison Electric. He officially founded Ford Motor Company in 1903, after prior failures in business but success in constructing automobiles.
Ford's 1908 introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized both transportation and American industry. As the Ford Motor Company sole owner, he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. He is credited with "Fordism", the mass production of inexpensive goods coupled with high wages for workers. Ford was also among the pioneers of the five-day work week. Ford had a global vision, with consumerism as the key to peace. His intense commitment to systematically lowering costs resulted in many technical and business innovations, including a franchise system that put dealerships throughout North America and major cities on six continents.
Ford was widely known for his pacifism during the first years of World War I. In the 1920s Ford promoted antisemitic content through his newspaper The Dearborn Independent, and the book, The International Jew. After his son Edsel died in 1943, Ford resumed control of the company but was too frail to make decisions and quickly came under the control of subordinates. He turned over the company to his grandson Henry Ford II in 1945. He died in 1947 after leaving most of his wealth to the Ford Foundation, and control of the company to his family. | null | null | null | 2082 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me a list of actresses who won an Oscar in the last 5 years and tell me for which movie they won it. | 1. Michelle Yeoh 2022, Everything Everywhere All At Once
2. Jessica Chastain, 2021, The Eyes of Tammy Faye
3. Frances McDormand, 2020, Nomadland
4. Renée Zellweger, 2019, Judy
5. Olivia Colman, 2018, The Favourite | null | null | null | 2083 |
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null | information_extraction | If Rosslyn Mountain Boys had produced two more albums, how many albums would they have produced? | Rosslyn Mountain Boys was a band that backed up a number of nationally known singers, and released two albums of their own. | Rosslyn Mountain Boys produced two albums on their own, so if they produced two more albums then they would have produced four albums. | null | null | null | 2084 |
null | open_qa | What is the show Parks and Rec about? | Parks and Rec is an American sitcom about the Parks and Recreation department of a small town in Indiana called Pawnee. | null | null | null | 2085 |
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null | information_extraction | Extract from the paragraph the winner of the 2022 World Snooker Championship. | The 2022 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2022 Betfred World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 16 April to 2 May 2022 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England, the 46th consecutive year the World Snooker Championship was held at the venue. The 16th and final ranking event of the 2021–22 snooker season, the tournament was organised by the World Snooker Tour and sponsored by sports betting company Betfred. It was broadcast in the United Kingdom by the BBC, in Europe (including the UK) by Eurosport, and elsewhere in the world by Matchroom Sport and other broadcasters. The total prize fund was £2,395,000, of which the winner received £500,000.
Qualifying rounds for the tournament took place from 4 to 13 April 2022 at the English Institute of Sport, featuring 128 professional and invited amateur players. The main stage of the tournament featured 32 players: the top 16 players from the snooker world rankings and another 16 players from the qualifying rounds. Ashley Hugill, Jackson Page, and Hossein Vafaei were debutants at the Crucible, Vafaei being the first Iranian player to reach the main stage. Mark Selby was the defending champion, having won the 2021 final 18–15 against Shaun Murphy. He lost 10–13 to Yan Bingtao in a second-round match that produced the longest frame ever played at the Crucible, lasting 85 minutes.
Ronnie O'Sullivan equalled Steve Davis's record of 30 Crucible appearances. He reached a record 20th quarter-final and a record 13th semi-final before defeating Judd Trump 18–13 in the final to equal Stephen Hendry's record of seven world titles. It was O'Sullivan's 39th ranking title and 21st Triple Crown title. Aged 46 years and 148 days, he became the oldest world champion in the sport's history, surpassing Ray Reardon, who was aged 45 years and 203 days when he won his last world title in 1978. O'Sullivan also broke Hendry's record of 70 wins at the Crucible, setting a new record of 74.
Neil Robertson made a maximum break in his second-round match against Jack Lisowski, the fifth of his career and the 12th time a 147 had been achieved at the Crucible. Graeme Dott also made a maximum break in his third-round qualifying match against Pang Junxu, the second of his career and the fifth time that a maximum had been made in the World Championship qualifiers. The main stage produced a record 109 century breaks, surpassing the 108 centuries made the preceding year. Mark Williams made 16 centuries during the event, equalling the record set by Hendry in 2002. | Ronnie O'Sullivan | null | null | null | 2086 |
null | general_qa | What makes Alabama Football coach Nick Saban so good at his job? | Nick Saban is process oriented. This is exemplified by his team's focus on processes rather than results. The philosophy is centered around the idea that building a "championship process" is the key to success. Focusing on improving your processes (e.g. tackling, blocking, footwork, catching, reading the defense) as opposed to being results-oriented will carry you further. Chasing results can cause someone to re-invent the wheel when they don't achieve immediate success, whereas being process-oriented allows you to hone in and improve upon the skill set needed to consistently reach your goals. | null | null | null | 2087 |
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null | open_qa | What is it inflation? | In economics, inflation is an increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation corresponds to a reduction in the purchasing power of money. | null | null | null | 2088 |
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null | information_extraction | When did Harriet live in the Andaman Islands? | The Tytlers were introduced to photography by Felix Beato and Dr John Murray of Agra. In May 1857 the couple were resident in the military cantonments outside Delhi, where Robert Tytler's regiment, the 38th Bengal Native Infantry was one of the first to mutiny during the great rebellion of that year. Because she was heavily pregnant, Harriet was allowed to stay on and was the only British woman present at the Siege of Delhi. She later gave birth in a donkey cart while escaping to safer areas. They named this third child Stanley Delhi-Force Tytler. From 1862 to 1864 she lived in the Andaman Islands where her husband was posted as a Superintendent of the Ross Island Penal Colony, a Penal Settlement (which was established mainly to house prisoners from the 1857 uprising). The region around a 1100 foot high hill in the South Andamans, which was named after her as Mt. Harriet(now known as mount manipur), was cleared of forest by Tytler. The area is now protected as the Mount Harriet National Park. Tytler's tenure in the Andamans was short and they moved to Shimla. In Shimla, Harriet founded an Asiatic Christian Orphanage. She died in Shimla on 24 November 1907. | Between 1862 and 1864. | null | null | null | 2089 |
null | general_qa | What is Delta Lake? | Delta Lake is an open source storage layer that brings reliability to data lakes. Delta Lake provides ACID transactions, scalable metadata handling, and unifies streaming and batch data processing. Delta Lake runs on top of your existing data lake and is fully compatible with Apache Spark APIs. | null | null | null | 2090 |
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null | general_qa | Why do people use computer mice? | People use computer mice because most graphical user interfaces are designed to be navigated with a cursor that is moved with a mouse. Mice also typically have buttons that can be used to click on interface elements | null | null | null | 2091 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me a list of the best bikes for riding on roads. | The best bikes for riding on the road are Cervelo, BMC, Pinarello, Specialized and Felt. | null | null | null | 2092 |
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null | closed_qa | What dispatchable source of power on electric grids are faster than battery storage power stations? | A battery storage power station is a type of energy storage power station that uses a group of batteries to store electrical energy. Battery storage is the fastest responding dispatchable source of power on electric grids, and it is used to stabilise those grids, as battery storage can transition from standby to full power in under a second to deal with grid contingencies.
At full rated power, battery storage power stations are generally designed to output for up to a few hours. Battery storage can be used for short-term peak power and ancillary services, such as providing operating reserve and frequency control to minimize the chance of power outages. They are often installed at, or close to, other active or disused power stations and may share the same grid connection to reduce costs. Since battery storage plants require no deliveries of fuel, are compact compared to generating stations and have no chimneys or large cooling systems, they can be rapidly installed and placed if necessary within urban areas, close to customer load. | None. Battery storage is the fastest responding dispatchable source of power on electric grids. | null | null | null | 2093 |
null | general_qa | How do banks make money? | Traditionally, banks accept deposits and loan that money to borrowers providing a time arbitrage on the velocity of money which regulates in profit. In more recent years, banks have diversified their profit centers by investing those deposits in fixed income securities. There has even been a proliferation of into multiple types of banks. Some of these banks include investment banks which transact in the capital markets pairing investors with capital seeking counterparties. The most innovative banks are starting to see how data can become a profit center as well as allow them to provide a better customer experience. | null | null | null | 2094 |
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null | closed_qa | Which animal is associated with Chengdu? | "Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a population of 20,937,757 inhabitants during the 2020 Chinese census, it is the fourth most populous city in China, and it is the only city apart from the four direct-administered municipalities with a population of over 20 million. It is traditionally the hub in Southwest China.
Chengdu is located in central Sichuan. The surrounding Chengdu Plain is known as the ""Country of Heaven"" (Chinese: 天府之国; pinyin: Tiānfǔ zhi Guó) and the ""Land of Abundance"". Its prehistoric settlers included the Sanxingdui culture. The site of Dujiangyan, an ancient irrigation system, is designated as a World Heritage Site. The Jin River flows through the city. Chengdu's culture largely reflects that of its province, Sichuan; in 2011, it was recognized by UNESCO as a city of gastronomy. It is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding." | Chengdu is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. | null | null | null | 2095 |
null | information_extraction | What was the Golden State Warriors win-loss record in the 1964-65 season ? | The Warriors won the inaugural Basketball Association of America (BAA) championship in 1947, and won again in 1956, led by Hall of Fame trio Paul Arizin, Tom Gola, and Neil Johnston. After the trade of star Wilt Chamberlain in January 1965, the team finished the 1964–65 season with the NBA's worst record (17–63). Their rebuilding period was brief due in large part to the Warriors' drafting of Rick Barry four months after the trade. In 1975, star players Barry and Jamaal Wilkes powered the Warriors to their third championship, widely considered one of the biggest upsets in NBA history. | The Golden State Warriors record in the 1964-65 season was 17 wins and 63 losses. | null | null | null | 2096 |
null | general_qa | Which country has the most inhabitants? | # Country (or dependency) Population (2020)
1 China 1,439,323,776
2 India 1,380,004,385
3 United States 331,002,651
4 Indonesia 273,523,615 | null | null | null | 2097 |
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null | classification | Which of the following two-dimensional shapes are made using only curved lines? And which use only straight lines? oval, rectangle, square, pentagon, circle and rhombus. | The oval and circle are made using only curved lines.
The square, pentagon, rectangle and rhombus are made using only straight lines. | null | null | null | 2098 |
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null | classification | Identify the bird from the list: Pendulum, Bewick's swan, Iceberg | Bewick's swan | null | null | null | 2099 |
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