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null | information_extraction | Extract the names of Jesse LaFollette's grandchildren from the provided passage | Jesse LaFollette (1781 NJ-1843 Ind) was the grandfather of Robert Marion La Follette, Sr., William La Follette, and Harvey Marion LaFollette. His family lived next to the Knob Creek Farm, Kentucky owned by Thomas Lincoln during Abraham Lincoln's boyhood years. LaFollette is shown in one of the limestone panels at the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial in Lincoln City, Indiana. | Robert Marion La Follette, Sr., William La Follette, and Harvey Marion LaFollette | null | null | null | 2100 |
null | closed_qa | Given this paragraph about hockey what are different surfaces that hockey is played on? | Hockey is a term used to denote a family of various types of both summer and winter team sports which originated on either an outdoor field, sheet of ice, or dry floor such as in a gymnasium. While these sports vary in specific rules, numbers of players, apparel and, notably, playing surface, they share broad characteristics of two opposing teams using a stick to propel a ball or disk into a goal. | Hockey can refer to Ice Hockey, Field Hockey, or Ball Hockey. Each are played on a different surface like a sheet of ice, a gymnasium floor, or an outdoor field. | null | null | null | 2101 |
null | summarization | Where can you find the Citron-bellied attila? | The citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae.
It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. | The The citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) can be found in the following countries: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. | null | null | null | 2102 |
null | open_qa | What does HEMA stand for? | HEMA stands for Historical European Martial Arts. It is a type of martial art that combines the techniques of historical European martial arts with modern techniques. | null | null | null | 2103 |
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null | general_qa | Why are some reasons to vacation in New Zealand? | People love to vacation in New Zealand for many reasons. Some of the most popular are because of its beautiful and varied landscapes, the opportunities to see unique wildlife, and the ability to participate in extreme activities such as paragliding, jet boating, bungee jumping, sky diving, canyoning, and mountaineering. | null | null | null | 2104 |
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null | open_qa | What is a mutual fund? | A mutual fund is a type of investment that includes a well diversified pool of stocks across a broad range of industry verticals. Many investors invest in mutual funds and usually stay in them for the long term. It is a good idea to diversify a stock portfolio like a 401k with mutual funds that have annual percentage return on the average of about 10% - 12%. This is great way to get a good return on your money without having to actively manage your brokerage account. | null | null | null | 2105 |
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null | general_qa | Why is the United States Military Academy called West Point? | The United States Military Academy is called West Point because it is on the western point of an S-turn on the Hudson River. During the American Revolution, the Revolutionary Army stretched an iron chain across the Hudson at this point because British ships would have to slow down to navigate the S-turn, making them susceptible to cannon fire. The British never tested the chain, and their Naval forces remained separated in Canada and New York. Due to its success on the western point of the river, the United States Military Academy has been commonly referred to as "West Point," since the military academy became the first training institution for U.S. Army officers in 1802. | null | null | null | 2106 |
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null | open_qa | Name three movies with Denzel Washington. | Three movies with Denzel Washington are Remember the Titans, Flight, and The Book of Eli. | null | null | null | 2107 |
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null | open_qa | Which bird flies the farthest? | The Arctic tern flies a round trip of 21,750 miles a year, breeding in the Arctic in the northern summer and feeding in the Antarctic during the southern summer. The bar-tailed godwit migrates farther in a single trip than any other bird. Each year it travels non-stop from Alaska to New Zealand in nine days and loses over half its body weight. | null | null | null | 2108 |
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null | open_qa | Why was the model T only produced in black? | Henry Ford produced the model T only in black because the black paint available at the time was the fastest to dry. | null | null | null | 2109 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me a list of the most famous tech companies in the world | Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Twitter, Facebook, Apple, Oracle, Alibaba | null | null | null | 2110 |
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null | creative_writing | Write a story about a man who finds a magic lamp that has a genie inside. The genie should grant him wishes and the story should conclude with a tragic ending. | One day while Bill was walking to work he noticed something shinny in the bushes. He walked over to see what it was, and was surprised to discover it was an old lamp. He took the lamp home and cleaned it. While he was cleaning the lamp, a genie popped out and said he'd grant Bill three wishes. The first thing he wished for was all the money in the world. The genie granted this wish but Bill's disappointment there was nothing to buy with all of this money. When Bill asked the genie what happened and why there was nothing to purchase, the genie explained that people need money to create the products. Since Bill had all the money in the world, nobody had the capital needed create the things he wanted. | null | null | null | 2111 |
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null | summarization | Why were the original Old English Bible translations created? | The Old English Bible translations are the partial translations of the Bible prepared in medieval England into the Old English language. The translations are from Latin texts, not the original languages.
Many of these translations were in fact Bible glosses, prepared to assist clerics whose grasp of Latin was imperfect and circulated in connection with the Vulgate Latin Bible that was standard in Western Christianity at the time. Old English was one of very few early medieval vernacular languages the Bible was translated into, and featured a number of incomplete Bible translations, some of which were meant to be circulated, like the Paris Psalter or Ælfric's Hexateuch. | The Old English Bible translations were created to assist clerics who didn't now much Latin. | null | null | null | 2112 |
null | open_qa | What is an index fund? | An index fund is a basket of individual stocks that is designed to match the performance of specific group of stocks. Index funds allow investors to avoid investing in an individual stock and distribute the investment risk across a broader set of companies. | null | null | null | 2113 |
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null | general_qa | How Is Linux Licensed? | Linus has placed the Linux kernel under the GNU General Public License, which basically means that you may freely copy, change, and distribute it, but you may not impose any restrictions on further distribution, and you must make the source code available.
This is not the same as Public Domain. See the Copyright FAQ, ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/law/copyright, for details.
Full details are in the file COPYING in the Linux kernel sources (probably in /usr/src/linux on your system). There is a FAQ for the GPL at: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl-faq.html.
The licenses of the utilities and programs which come with the installations vary. Much of the code is from the GNU Project at the Free Software Foundation, and is also under the GPL. Some other major programs often included in Linux distributions are under a BSD license and other similar licenses. | null | null | null | 2114 |
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null | brainstorming | How to be rich? | While many people aspire to become rich, the reality is that it's an elusive dream for most of all, as less than 1% of the population ever achieve true wealth. It's important to acknowledge that not everyone can become rich, and that financial success is not the only measure of a fulfilling life. However, having a job that can sustain your daily life and your family is a good starting point. From there, you can think about ways to promote yourself and increase your income. It's also important to remember that richness is not just about money; emotional wealth, such as living a happy and fulfilling life and having no regrets, is also a form of richness. | null | null | null | 2115 |
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null | open_qa | Who is the current manager of Arsenal Football Club? | The current manager of Arsenal Football Club is Mikel Arteta | null | null | null | 2116 |
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null | closed_qa | Given this paragraph about Jack Kerouac, tell me where he was raised, what was his most famous book, when was that book published, and which movement was he a part of? | Of French-Canadian ancestry, Kerouac was raised in a French-speaking home in Lowell, Massachusetts. He "learned English at age six and spoke with a marked accent into his late teens." During World War II, he served in the United States Merchant Marine; he completed his first novel at the time, which was published more than 40 years after his death. His first published book was The Town and the City (1950), and he achieved widespread fame and notoriety with his second, On the Road, in 1957. It made him a beat icon, and he went on to publish 12 more novels and numerous poetry volumes.
Kerouac is recognized for his style of spontaneous prose. Thematically, his work covers topics such as his Catholic spirituality, jazz, travel, promiscuity, life in New York City, Buddhism, drugs, and poverty. He became an underground celebrity and, with other Beats, a progenitor of the hippie movement, although he remained antagonistic toward some of its politically radical elements. He has a lasting legacy, greatly influencing many of the cultural icons of the 1960s, including Bob Dylan, the Beatles, Jerry Garcia and the Doors.
In 1969, at the age of 47, Kerouac died from an abdominal hemorrhage caused by a lifetime of heavy drinking. Since then, his literary prestige has grown, and several previously unseen works have been published. | Jack Kerouac raised in Lowell, Massachusetts. He most famous book, On the Road, was published in 1957. He was a member of the Beats. | null | null | null | 2117 |
null | general_qa | Why do Jewish holidays begin at sunset the night before? | In many modern cultures and calendars, days begin in the morning and end at night. But what if the opposite were true? In the opening lines of the Creation story in the book of Genesis, the foundational story for all Abrahamic cultures, we learn that all the world was darkness and void. (Darkness came first.) And then God said "Let there be light." (Light came second.) "And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day."
This last sentence is critical. The first day consists of evening followed by morning. The Jewish calendar abides by this tradition. Its days are not morning to morning. Its days are night to night (as marked by sundown).
As an example, the Jewish sabbath (Shabbat) is on the 7th day of the week. Shabbat = Shevat in Hebrew, which literally translates to the number seven. The seventh day of the week is is Saturday. However, Shabbat doesn't span Saturday morning to Sunday morning. It spans Friday night to Saturday night. Many observant Jews will welcome the Shabbat with a family meal, candles, and prayer on Friday nights. | null | null | null | 2118 |
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null | summarization | Based on the given text, List some aspects of the pearl. | A pearl is a hard, glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk or another animal, such as fossil conulariids. Just like the shell of a mollusk, a pearl is composed of calcium carbonate (mainly aragonite or a mixture of aragonite and calcite) in minute crystalline form, which has deposited in concentric layers. The ideal pearl is perfectly round and smooth, but many other shapes, known as baroque pearls, can occur. The finest quality of natural pearls have been highly valued as gemstones and objects of beauty for many centuries. Because of this, pearl has become a metaphor for something rare, fine, admirable and valuable. | 1. Pearl is a sparkling and hard object which is produced inside mollusk shell or other shells.
2. Just like the shells pearls are also composed of calcium carbonate.
3. The Ideal pearl is perfectly round and smooth, but it can come in different shapes like baroque pearls.
4. The best quality natural pearls are valued as gemstones.
5. Since pearls are fine, rare and valuable it has become a metaphor. | null | null | null | 2119 |
null | information_extraction | What is a personality test? | The origins of personality assessment date back to the 18th and 19th centuries, when personality was assessed through phrenology, the measurement of bumps on the human skull, and physiognomy, which assessed personality based on a person's outer appearances. Sir Francis Galton took another approach to assessing personality late in the 19th century. Based on the lexical hypothesis, Galton estimated the number of adjectives that described personality in the English dictionary. Galton's list was eventually refined by Louis Leon Thurstone to 60 words that were commonly used for describing personality at the time. Through factor analyzing responses from 1300 participants, Thurstone was able to reduce this severely restricted pool of 60 adjectives into seven common factors. This procedure of factor analyzing common adjectives was later utilized by Raymond Cattell (7th most highly cited psychologist of the 20th Century—based on the peer-reviewed journal literature), who subsequently utilized a data set of over 4000 affect terms from the English dictionary that eventually resulted in construction of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) which also measured up to eight second-stratum personality factors. Of the many introspective (i.e., subjective) self-report instruments constructed to measure the putative Big Five personality dimensions, perhaps the most popular has been the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) However, the psychometric properties of the NEO-PI-R (including its factor analytic/construct validity) has been severely criticized. | Personality test is a test of measuring human personality constructs. Its origin can be dated back to 18th century. There are many different types of personality assessment measures. These tests are designed to draw knowledge about an individual's interest, interactive style and many other things. | null | null | null | 2120 |
null | open_qa | Name some titles from the Goosebumps series. | Welcome to Dead House, Monster Blood, Say Cheese and Die!, The Cuckoo Clock of Doom, Revenge of the Lawn Gnomes, The Horror at Camp Jellyjam | null | null | null | 2121 |
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null | general_qa | What is the best kind of bread? | Sourdough is the best type of bread because it is the most multi-faceted bread. You can have it as grilled cheese, with eggs and avocado for breakfast, even as a bowl for artichoke dip. You can also use old sourdough as croutons, or use the leftover discard to make waffles or crackers. With sourdough dough you can make focaccia, sandwich bread, and pizza! Sourdough also doesn't require much ingredients, you only need flour, salt, and water. | null | null | null | 2122 |
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null | summarization | What were the main results of applying statistical analysis to the English language? | Information theory's fundamental contribution to natural language processing and computational linguistics was further established in 1951, in his article "Prediction and Entropy of Printed English", showing upper and lower bounds of entropy on the statistics of English – giving a statistical foundation to language analysis. In addition, he proved that treating whitespace as the 27th letter of the alphabet actually lowers uncertainty in written language, providing a clear quantifiable link between cultural practice and probabilistic cognition. | The main results of applying statistical analysis to the English language were establishing upper and lower bounds of entropy for it and that treating whitespace as a 27th letter of the alphabet lowers uncertainty. | null | null | null | 2123 |
null | summarization | Based on the provided paragraph give a bullet list of the names of the countries (regions) which took part in WWI and their reasons? | World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. The first decade of the 20th century saw increasing diplomatic tension between the European great powers. This reached breaking point on 28 June 1914, when a Bosnian Serb named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. Austria-Hungary held Serbia responsible, and declared war on 28 July. Russia came to Serbia's defense, and by 4 August, defensive alliances had drawn in Germany, France, and Britain. German strategy in 1914 was to first defeat France, then attack Russia. However, this failed, and by the end of 1914, the Western Front consisted of a continuous line of trenches stretching from the English Channel to Switzerland. The Eastern Front was more fluid, but neither side could gain a decisive advantage, despite a series of costly offensives. Attempts by both sides to bypass the stalemate caused fighting to expand into the Middle East, the Alps, the Balkans, and overseas colonies, bringing Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and others into the war. | The countries and regions that took part in World War I (WWI) and their reasons are as follows:
- Austria-Hungary: because their heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated by a Bosnian Serb named Gavrilo Princip.
- Serbia: because Austria-Hungary declared war against them.
- Russia: because they wanted to defend Serbia.
- Germany, France, and Britain: because they were allies with the countries already engaging in the war.
- Middle East, the Alps, the Balkans, and overseas colonies, bringing Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and others: because the Eastern Front of the war was more fluid, but neither side could gain a decisive advantage. Both sides had attempts to overcome the stalemate leading to the war expanding into these regions and countries. | null | null | null | 2124 |
null | summarization | Create a bulleted list of Hawking's accomplishments based on this passage. | Hawking achieved commercial success with several works of popular science in which he discussed his theories and cosmology in general. His book A Brief History of Time appeared on the Sunday Times bestseller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks. Hawking was a Fellow of the Royal Society, a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2002, Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. He died in 2018 at the age of 76, after living with motor neurone disease for more than 50 years.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking | -His book was a bestseller for 237 weeks, which was a record
-He was a fellow of the Royal Society
-He was a Pontifical Academy of Sciences lifetime member
-He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom
-He was 25 on the 100 Greatest Britons list put out by the BBC | null | null | null | 2125 |
null | information_extraction | What is the Family of the orchid Bulbophyllum concatenatum? | Bulbophyllum concatenatum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Dendrobieae
Genus: Bulbophyllum
Species: B. concatenatum | Orchidaceae | null | null | null | 2126 |
null | open_qa | Who is the first African-American to perform at the Metropolitan Opera? | Marian Anderson was the first African-American to perform at the Metropolitan Opera. | null | null | null | 2127 |
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null | summarization | What is Type 2 Diabetes? | Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. | Type 2 diabetes is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. | null | null | null | 2128 |
null | general_qa | How do I see how large a dataset is in Spark? | You can find the number of records in a DataFrame or RDD using the `count()` method. If you want to see how large it is in terms of bytes, you can find this information on the Spark UI. | null | null | null | 2129 |
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null | closed_qa | How many people live in the city of Oakland in 2022 based on the text? | Oakland population in 2022 is estimated to be 439,483 | 439,483 in 2022 according to the text | null | null | null | 2130 |
null | general_qa | Let’s solve the following math problem. Each rabbit has 4 feets and each duck has 2 feets. If there are in total 25 heads and 88 feets, how many rabbits and how many ducks are there? | We can use equations to solve this problem. Let the number of ducks be X and the number of rabbits be Y. We have
X+Y = 25 (1)
2X + 4Y = 88 (2).
From the first equation, we know that X = 25-Y and we can substitute this into the second equation (2), and we get
2(25-Y) + 4Y = 88
Which can be simplified to 50 + 2Y = 88 and we have Y = 19.
We substitute the value into (1), we will then get X = 6.
There are 6 ducks and 19 rabbits! | null | null | null | 2131 |
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null | open_qa | Name some famous songs by the Beatles | Some songs by the Beatles are Penny Lane, Yellow Submarine, While My Guitar Gently Weeps, Let It Be and Here Comes the Sun | null | null | null | 2132 |
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null | general_qa | What kind of boat should I purchase? | There are a large variety of options in recreation boats. You can purchase a sailboat or a power boat, and the latter can have inboard or outboard engines while a sailboat can be single or multi-masted. You also need to decide the length you can safely operate based on your experience, the average depth of the water where you intent to use the boat, and whether you will keep it on a lift, in the water, or on a trailer. Finally, you need to decide on your budget for both the initial purchase as well as ongoing maintenance, which can typically cost 10-20% of the purchase price based on complexity and age. | null | null | null | 2133 |
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null | open_qa | What was Seward's Folly? | Seward's Folly was the name given by opponents to the 1867 purchase of Alaska from Russia by the United States. Secretary of State William Seward negotiated the treaty in secrecy, and critics mocked both him and President Andrew Johnson for the purchase of a "polar bear garden." However, it turned out to be a profitable investment when gold was discovered in Alaska in 1896. | null | null | null | 2134 |
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null | general_qa | What are the main components of AWS Kinesis? | Kinesis is a distributed system that is composed of several components. The main components of Kinesis are:
1. Streams: A stream is a group of records that are ingested and processed in real-time by Kinesis. A stream consists of one or more shards, and each shard is an ordered sequence of data records.
2. Shards: A shard is a sequence of records in a stream. It is equivalent to a data partition. Each shard has a specific sequence of records and provides a specific read and write capacity.
3. Producers: Producers are responsible for sending data to a Kinesis stream. Producers can be any application that can send data to an HTTP/HTTPS endpoint.
4. Consumers: Consumers are responsible for reading and processing data from a Kinesis stream. Consumers can be any application that can read data from an HTTP/HTTPS endpoint. | null | null | null | 2135 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me a list of video game systems from the past few decades | 1) Atari
2) Nintendo
3) Sega
4) Sega Genesis
5) Super Nintendo
6) Sony Playstation
7) Sony Playstation 2
8) N64
9) Neo-Geo
10) Sega Saturn
11) Sega Gamecube
12) Nintendo Switch
13) Nintendo Wii
14) Playstation 3
15) Playstation 4
16) Playstation 5
17) MSFT XBox
18) MSFT Xbox One | null | null | null | 2136 |
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null | classification | Are these things heavy or light? Empty soup bowl, empty shipping container, couch, pillow, apple, pencil, mattress | Empty soup bowl: light, empty shipping container: heavy, couch: heavy, pillow: light, apple: light, pencil: light, mattress: heavy | null | null | null | 2137 |
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null | classification | Classify each of the following words as either a noun or a verb | Brian, running, chair, eating, listen, dog | null | null | null | 2138 |
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null | brainstorming | What is the best place in Thailand | Pattaya - its known for beach and Restaurants . Also, it's very well known for night clubs.
Phuket - Island beaches and Mountains in the ocean . It's so outstanding | null | null | null | 2139 |
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null | brainstorming | Provide a list of some Japanese art forms I've not heard of. | Here is a number of Japanese art forms that you may not have heard of; Ikebana is the art of flower arranging. Kabuki is a form of traditional Japanese theatre. Origami is the art of folding paper into various shapes, such as animals. Anime is a Japanese form of comic book art. Haiku is a form of Japanese poetry. | null | null | null | 2140 |
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null | open_qa | What is combinatorial optimisation? | Combinatorial optimisation is a field of applied mathematics, combining techniques from combinatorics, linear programming, and the theory of algorithms, to solve discrete optimisation problems. It is usually used as an alias of discrete optimisation. A combinatorial optimisation problem can generally be drawn as a triple (S, f, C), where S is a given search space, f is the objective function, which should be either maximised or minimised, and C is the set of constraints that have to be fulfilled to obtain feasible solutions. The goal is to find a globally optimal solution, meaning a solution s' that belongs to S, with either the highest or lowest objective value in the case of maximisation or minimisation, each under the restriction of constraints. | null | null | null | 2141 |
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null | open_qa | What is a Keystone? | A keystone is the top block of an arch. It is an essential part of an arch because it keeps other stones from falling. A keystone is shaped like a trapezoid, the widest part at the top, so it doesn't slide out of the arch. Humans have built remarkable buildings with heavy ceilings on arches supported by a keystone. Many architects and artisans have been known to sculpt family emblems, symbols and designs on keystones. | null | null | null | 2142 |
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null | creative_writing | How best should I travel from London to Edinburgh, UK ? | There are 3 main options for traveling between London and Edinburgh, UK. By car you will take the A1 north from London almost 7-8 hours depending on traffic. By train there is now an express train getting you from London Kings Cross to Edinburgh in under 4 hours. By plane you can fly from London City, London Gatwick or London Heathrow. The flight itself is only about 30-45mins, but with checkin and travel to either Heathrow or Gatwick the total travel time would also be close to 3-4 hours. | null | null | null | 2143 |
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null | general_qa | How can teachers address health disparities in society? | The teacher works with children in the positive schools center and promotes positive, supportive and mindful learning communities where students and school staff can connect, develop and grow. Connect with each other in a safe and positive environment in a mindful manner. Positively Develop as students and staff (academically, professionally, socially, and emotionally). Grow as student scholars and educational leaders. Adults and students create a culture of respect and support. | null | null | null | 2144 |
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null | open_qa | What are the best woods for smoking? | Oak is the quintessential go-to for smoking meat. It is a great place to start if you are a newbie to smoking. It will lend a medium to a strong flavor that is seldom overpowering.
- Best Meat to Smoke: Lamb, beef, brisket, and sausages
Hickory is the most versatile choice as it can be used to smoke wood in many ways. Be careful, though, because too much hickory flavor will cause your meat to have a more bitter flavor. It has a sweet, savory, and hearty, a bit bacony.
- Best Meat to Smoke: Larger cuts of ribs and pork shoulders, as well as almost all red meat and poultry.
Maple is one of the most subtle smoking wood, it will impart a more subtle smoke flavor. Use maple for a sweet, light, mild smokiness.
- Best Meat to Smoke: Poultry, pork, game foul
Mesquite is a hardy wood packing intense flavor. It is recommended for grilling, or to be used in smaller quantities. It is famous for its strong, intense, and unique.
- Best Meat to Smoke: Red Meat and for adding additional flavor when grilling
Pecan will lend a rich, sweet, nutty flavor. In fact, the wood is so sweet that you may want to use a combination of it with another harder wood to balance out the flavor.
- Best Meat to Smoke: Briskets, roasts, and ribs
Applewood is mild and sweet, lending a mellow flavor. Apple smoke flavors take a while to permeate the meat, so anticipate several hours of smoking.
- Best Meat to Smoke: Chicken, wild foul, pork
Alder has a very light and sweet flavor profile. It lends a delicate and sweet characteristic.
- Best Meat to Smoke: Fish, like salmon and other Pacific Northwestern types.
Cherry is mild and fruity, and when mixed with other hardwood like hickory, the two flavors compliment each other for an amazing result.
- Best Meat to Smoke: Chicken, turkey, ham | null | null | null | 2145 |
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null | summarization | Without quoting directly from the text, give me a summary of how rainbows are formed. | A rainbow is an optical phenomenon that can occur under certain meteorological conditions. It is caused by reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in an effect similar to a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. It takes the form of a multicoloured circular arc. Rainbows caused by sunlight always appear in the section of sky directly opposite the Sun.
Rainbows can be full circles. However, the observer normally sees only an arc formed by illuminated droplets above the ground, and centered on a line from the Sun to the observer's eye.
In a primary rainbow, the arc shows red on the outer part and violet on the inner side. This rainbow is caused by light being refracted when entering a droplet of water, then reflected inside on the back of the droplet and refracted again when leaving it.
In a double rainbow, a second arc is seen outside the primary arc, and has the order of its colours reversed, with red on the inner side of the arc. This is caused by the light being reflected twice on the inside of the droplet before leaving it. | Rainbows are formed when light shines through water droplets, creating an optical phenomenon. The light is bent and reflected, creating a multicolored arc. Rainbows created by sunlight can be found in the sky, opposite the sun. Rainbows are usually observed as an arc, but can appear as full circles. A double rainbow appears when the light shining through each water droplet is reflected twice, creating a second arc, with the colours appearing in reverse order. The colors of the rainbow include; red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. The colors appear in order of their wavelength, from longest to shortest. | null | null | null | 2146 |
null | creative_writing | Who is Taehoon Oh? | Taehoon Oh is a computer graphic specialist, game designer and developer. He is a co-founder and COO at Studio Roqovan, formerly known as Reload Studios. He was a lead artist and was one of the pioneer developers of the Call of Duty game franchise. He is also one of the co-founders of the non-gaming virtual reality subdivision of Studio Roqovan called Rascali, launched in September 2015 | null | null | null | 2147 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me a bulleted list of cricketers by highest number of international centuries scored | Sachin Tendulkar - 100
Virat Kohli - 75
Ricky Ponting - 71
Kumar Sangakkara - 63
Jacques Kallis - 62
Hashim Amla - 55
Mahela Jayawardene - 54
Brian Lara - 53
Rahul Dravid - 48
AB de Villiers - 47 | null | null | null | 2148 |
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null | classification | Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Indian Elephant, Irish Elk | Irish Elk is extinct, Indian Elephant is alive. | null | null | null | 2149 |
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null | open_qa | Provide a bullet point list of all primary matter phase transitions, with the name of the process following by the matter states involved Use the format: {process name}: {initial state} -> {final state} | - melting: solid -> liquid
- sublimation: solid -> gas
- freezing: liquid -> solid
- vaporization: liquid -> gas
- ionization: gas -> plasma
- condensation: gas -> liquid
- deposition: gas -> solid
- deionization: plasma -> gas | null | null | null | 2150 |
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null | closed_qa | Based on this passage about UCLA, tell me the difference between North Campus and South Campus and which residential areas border the campus. | The new UCLA campus in 1929 had four buildings: Royce Hall and Haines Hall on the north, and Powell Library and Kinsey Hall (now called Renee And David Kaplan Hall) on the south. The Janss Steps were the original 87-step entrance to the university that lead to the quad of these four buildings. Today, the campus includes 163 buildings across 419 acres (1.7 km2) in the western part of Los Angeles, north of the Westwood shopping district and just south of Sunset Boulevard. In terms of acreage, it is the second-smallest of the ten UC campuses. The campus is approximately 1 mile east of I-405 (the San Diego Freeway).
The campus is in the residential area of Westwood and bordered by Bel-Air to the north, Beverly Hills to the east, and Brentwood to the west. The campus is informally divided into North Campus and South Campus, which are both on the eastern half of the university's land. North Campus is the original campus core; its buildings are more traditional in appearance and clad in imported Italian brick. North Campus is home to the arts, humanities, social sciences, law, history, and business programs and is centered around ficus and sycamore-lined Dickson Court, also known as the "Sunken Garden". South Campus is home to the physical sciences, life sciences, engineering, mathematical sciences, health-related fields, and the UCLA Medical Center. The campus includes sculpture gardens, fountains, museums, and a mix of architectural styles.
Ackerman Union, the John Wooden Center, the Arthur Ashe Health and Wellness Center, the Student Activities Center, Kerckhoff Hall, the J.D. Morgan Center, the James West Alumni Center, and Pauley Pavilion stand at the center of the campus, bordering Wilson Plaza. The campus is bisected by Bruin Walk, a heavily traveled pathway from the residential hill to the main campus. At the intersection of Bruin Walk and Westwood Plaza is Bruin Plaza, featuring an outdoor performing arts stage and a bronze statue of the Bruin bear.
During the 2028 Summer Olympics, wrestling and judo will be held at Pauley Pavilion. The campus will also be the location of the Olympic Village for the Olympic and Paralympic Games.
In September 2022 UCLA purchased the Palos Verdes (PV) campus of Marymount California University, which had closed its doors that August, after fifty years of classes; the PV campus joins two other locations, in downtown LA, and in Culver City as satellites of the Westwood campus. A faculty and administration task force will review possible applications of the PV campus for UCLA. The Channel Islands will again be visible from a UCLA campus. | At UCLA, North Campus hosts the arts, humanities, social sciences, law, history, and business programs, while South Campus is home to the physical sciences, life sciences, engineering, mathematical sciences, health-related fields, and the UCLA Medical Center. The UCLA Campus is bordered by Bel Air, Brentwood, and Beverly Hills. | null | null | null | 2151 |
null | creative_writing | Should superheroes be allowed to break the law? | In Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essay “The Conservative,” he claims that the law doesn’t affect heroes because they will do what is right no matter what. While the term hero is subjective, as not all people who break the laws are heroes, Emerson is correct to argue that to be truly just and great sometimes requires breaking the law.
A common example of greatness is superheroes; their extraordinary physical abilities put to use to save the world from evil. However, their greatness sometimes conflicts with the law. For example, in Spiderman, Peter Parker choses to keep his identity a secret, to protect himself not only from paparatzi like J. Jonah Jameson (JK Simmons), but also from police. Though Spiderman is a hero at heart, he commits murder, puts people in harms way, and destroys buildings and public spaces. However, because he is a hero, he is able to “outshine” the law in order to continue to help and save the people of New York.
Another example of sacraficial heroism is playing defensive soccer, only is this case the laws are the rules and breaking them is just a foul. A good defender knows that when their defense is outnumbered by the opposing attackers, their defense is out of position, or their goalie is out of position, you have to commit a foul. Though the foul gives the other team an opportunity to set up a potential scoring play, the sacrifice must be made in order for the defense to recollect and reorganize, allowing them to be better prepared for the attack. Though this form of heroism isn’t as grand as Spiderman, breaking the “laws” of the game is still very important and generally considered to be the smarter play.
Though Emerson’s point is generally true, there are some faults, the most important one being that not everyone who breaks the law is considered to be a hero to everyone. Though this struggle can also be seen is Spiderman, a much better example is our former president, Donald Trump. Former President Trump has escaped paying taxes, began violent riots, and has even been impeached for using his position to attempt to take down a political rival (President Biden). In many Americans eyes, Donald Trump is not a hero but a villan who gained power by uniting his followers with rage, creating a cult of angry conservatives who follow his every order. However, to those who do support him, Trump is a hero who saved the USA from “crazy liberals” like Bernie Sanders and Hilary Clinton. There are hundreds of thousands of people who break the law who aren’t heroes, like Donald Trump.
On the contrary, in some cases, sometimes being a hero requires breaking the law in order to achieve equality. On of the greatest examples of law-breaking heroes is Gandhi, the Indian nationalist whose goal was achieving India’s independence from the British. Gandhi, though he is considered to be one of the most respected role models for peace, was imprisoned 11 times for breaking British laws in India. He used his imprisonments to unite Indians to rise against the British government with non-violent protesting. Gandhi encouraged people to break the law in order to expose the horrible violence that the British inflicted on India. Gandhi was and is a hero to many and yet he broke the law hundreds of times.
Being a true hero takes guts, compassion, and sacrifice, all of which support Emerson’s idea that true heroes don’t need to follow the law. Laws are created as a social contract, an idea which came from enlightenment philosophe Jean-Jaques Rousseau, who believed that the social contract bound our society together and kept people in check based on the morals and values of the community. The purpose of laws is to create equality for large amounts of people, an equality that stops people from doing whatever they want that could potentially disrupt society.
However, humans are imperfect and because of that humans can create imperfect laws. One rule that Gandhi fought against was that Indians couldn’t make their own salt from the ocean, they had to purchase it from the British, who had plainly taken the salt from India, sent it back to England to be processed, and then shipped it back to India to make a profit. Gandhi argued why must Indians buy british salt when we can make our own Indian salt right here? This law was clearly ridiculous: why should Indians have to buy British salt?
It is because of imperfect laws that heroes, like Gandhi, should break the law and make their own salt. Sometimes breaking the law allows Spiderman to save the city from the Green Goblin, or allows the defense to organize and defeat their oposing attackers, or allows Gandhi to free India from the violent control of the British Empire. Yes not all who break the law are good, but heroes who break the law outshine the law in order to create more good and improve the world we live in. | null | null | null | 2152 |
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null | closed_qa | Based on the provided information, when will we achieve AGI? | An artificial general intelligence (AGI) is a hypothetical intelligent agent which can understand or learn any intellectual task that human beings or other animals can. AGI has also been defined alternatively as autonomous systems that surpass human capabilities at the majority of economically valuable work. Developing AGI is a primary goal of some artificial intelligence research and for several AI companies such as OpenAI, DeepMind, and Anthropic, as well as a common topic in science fiction and futures studies.
The timeline for AGI development remains a subject of ongoing debate among researchers and experts, with some arguing it may be possible in the coming decades, while others maintain it might take much longer or may never be achieved at all. Additionally, there is debate regarding whether modern deep learning systems, such as GPT-4, are an early yet incomplete form of AGI or if new approaches will be required. | The timeline for AGI development remains a subject of ongoing debate among researchers and experts, with some arguing it may be possible in the coming decades, while others maintain it might take much longer or may never be achieved at all. | null | null | null | 2153 |
null | classification | Which of the following are movies with the actor Deepika Padukone? | Pathan, Citadel, Om Shanti Om, Love Aaj Kal, Milli, Bala | null | null | null | 2154 |
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null | brainstorming | What's the first 3 things you do when you wake up in the morning ? | Acknowledge that I am about to wake up
Refuse to wake up
Accept that time cannot be stopped and wake up | null | null | null | 2155 |
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null | information_extraction | From the paragraph about Space Needle, tell me where is located, when it was built, how tall the monument is and one more tourist fact about it. | The Space Needle is an observation tower in Seattle, Washington, United States. Considered to be an icon of the city, it has been designated a Seattle landmark. Located in the Lower Queen Anne neighborhood, it was built in the Seattle Center for the 1962 World's Fair, which drew over 2.3 million visitors.
The Space Needle was once the tallest structure west of the Mississippi River, standing at 605 ft (184 m). The tower is 138 ft (42 m) wide, weighs 9,550 short tons (8,660 metric tons), and is built to withstand winds of up to 200 mph (320 km/h) and earthquakes of up to 9.0 magnitude, as strong as the 1700 Cascadia earthquake.
The Space Needle features an observation deck 520 ft (160 m) above ground, providing views of the downtown Seattle skyline, the Olympic and Cascade Mountains, Mount Rainier, Mount Baker, Elliott Bay, and various islands in Puget Sound. Visitors can reach the top of the Space Needle by elevators, which take 41 seconds. On April 19, 1999, the city's Landmarks Preservation Board designated the tower a historic landmark. | The Space Needle was built in 1962 and it is located in Lower Queen Anne area in the city of Seattle. The tower has a height of 605 feet and it takes 41 seconds for visitors to reach the top of it with an elevator. | null | null | null | 2156 |
null | summarization | What are some practical applications of Burnside's lemma in combinatorics based on this passage? | Burnside's lemma, sometimes also called Burnside's counting theorem, the Cauchy–Frobenius lemma, the orbit-counting theorem, or the lemma that is not Burnside's, is a result in group theory that is often useful in taking account of symmetry when counting mathematical objects. Its various eponyms are based on William Burnside, George Pólya, Augustin Louis Cauchy, and Ferdinand Georg Frobenius. The result is not due to Burnside himself, who merely quotes it in his book 'On the Theory of Groups of Finite Order', attributing it instead to Frobenius (1887). Burnside's Lemma counts "orbits", which is the same thing as counting distinct objects taking account of a symmetry. Other ways of saying it are counting distinct objects up to an equivalence relation R, or counting objects that are in canonical form.
In the following, let G be a finite group that acts on a set X. For each g in G, let Xg denote the set of elements in X that are fixed by g (also said to be left invariant by g), that is, Xg = { x ∈ X | g.x = x }. Burnside's lemma asserts the following formula for the number of orbits, denoted |X/G|:
|
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=
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.
{\displaystyle |X/G|={\frac {1}{|G|}}\sum _{g\in G}|X^{g}|.}
Thus the number of orbits (a natural number or +∞) is equal to the average number of points fixed by an element of G (which is also a natural number or infinity). If G is infinite, the division by |G| may not be well-defined; in this case the following statement in cardinal arithmetic holds:
|
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/
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=
∑
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.
{\displaystyle |G||X/G|=\sum _{g\in G}|X^{g}|.}
Examples of applications to enumeration
Necklaces
There are 8 possible bit vectors of length 3, but only four distinct 2-colored necklaces of length 3: 000, 001, 011, and 111, because 100 and 010 are equivalent to 001 by rotation; similarly 110 and 101 are equivalent to 011. The formula is based on the number of rotations, which in this case is 3 (including the null rotation), and the number of bit vectors left unchanged by each rotation. All 8 bit vectors are unchanged by the null rotation, and two (000 and 111) are unchanged by each of the other two rotations, giving:
4
=
1
3
(
8
+
2
+
2
)
{\displaystyle 4={\frac {1}{3}}(8+2+2)}.
For length 4, there are 16 possible bit vectors; 4 rotations; the null rotation leaves all 16 bit vectors unchanged; the 1-rotation and 3-rotation each leave two bit vectors unchanged (0000 and 1111); the 2-rotation leaves 4 bit vectors unchanged (0000, 0101, 1010, and 1111); giving:
6
=
1
4
(
16
+
2
+
4
+
2
)
{\displaystyle 6={\frac {1}{4}}(16+2+4+2)}. These are: 0000, 0001, 0011, 0101, 0111, and 1111.
Colorings of a cube
The number of rotationally distinct colourings of the faces of a cube using three colours can be determined from this formula as follows.
Let X be the set of 36 possible face colour combinations that can be applied to a cube in one particular orientation, and let the rotation group G of the cube act on X in the natural manner. Then two elements of X belong to the same orbit precisely when one is simply a rotation of the other. The number of rotationally distinct colourings is thus the same as the number of orbits and can be found by counting the sizes of the fixed sets for the 24 elements of G.
Cube with coloured faces
one identity element which leaves all 36 elements of X unchanged
six 90-degree face rotations, each of which leaves 33 of the elements of X unchanged
three 180-degree face rotations, each of which leaves 34 of the elements of X unchanged
eight 120-degree vertex rotations, each of which leaves 32 of the elements of X unchanged
six 180-degree edge rotations, each of which leaves 33 of the elements of X unchanged
A detailed examination of these automorphisms may be found here.
The average fix size is thus
1
24
(
3
6
+
6
⋅
3
3
+
3
⋅
3
4
+
8
⋅
3
2
+
6
⋅
3
3
)
=
57.
{\frac {1}{24}}\left(3^{6}+6\cdot 3^{3}+3\cdot 3^{4}+8\cdot 3^{2}+6\cdot 3^{3}\right)=57.
Hence there are 57 rotationally distinct colourings of the faces of a cube in three colours. In general, the number of rotationally distinct colorings of the faces of a cube in n colors is given by
1
24
(
�
6
+
3
�
4
+
12
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3
+
8
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2
)
.
{\frac {1}{24}}\left(n^{6}+3n^{4}+12n^{3}+8n^{2}\right).
8 Queens Puzzle
In the eight queens puzzle there are 92 solutions, of which 12 fundamental solutions are distinct up to rotation and reflection of the board. There are 8 combinations of rotations and reflections, including the null action. The null action leaves all 92 solutions unchanged. Four of the 92 solutions are symmetrical, unchanged by 180° rotation. That gives:
12
=
1
8
(
92
+
4
)
{\displaystyle 12={\frac {1}{8}}(92+4)}. | * Necklace counting problem: counting rotationally distinct necklaces of various lengths where each bead can be one of the two colors. The article counts necklaces of lengths 3 and 4, and the answer is 4 and 6, respectively.
* Colorings of a cube problem: count rotationally distinct colorings of faces of a cube. The article considers a case when 3 colors are used and the answer is 57.
* 8 queens puzzle: a classical version of the problem is counting different ways to place 8 chess queens onto an 8x8 board so that no queen attacks another (the answer is 92). With Burnside's lemma application the article counts the number of different placements of queens up to rotation and reflection, arriving at 12 as the answer. | null | null | null | 2157 |
null | creative_writing | What are the unethical behaviors in the corporate world? Illustrate with an example. | Boeing 737 Max
Boeing is an American multinational company that manufactures aircraft, military equipment, rockets, missiles, and telecommunication equipment. The Boeing 737 series aircraft is the most popular commercial jet in the world. In March 2019 and December 2020, the Boeing 737 Max commercial jets belonging to Ethiopian and LION Air crashed, grounding the 737 Max jets. These incidents triggered the crisis at Boeing.
The Boeing 737 Max crisis is a classic example of chained unethical behaviors exhibited by an organization and how one unethical behavior quickly led to another in an attempt to cover up the previous one.
Motivated blindness
Motivated blindness was the initial cause for the people involved in the 737 Max jet design. It started with Boeing’s chief technical test pilot, David Forkner, who repeatedly spotted erratic behavior on the jets MCAS (Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System). Despite egregious MCAS, David later urged FAA (Federal Aviation Authority) to remove the MCAS mentioned from the 737 Max instruction manual. Boeing management failed to overlook David ForKner’s and other faults and chose to remain ignorant.
Indirect blindness
Similarly, a lot is afoul with FAA. Months before the crash of 2 jets, Boeing had known about the issues and delayed the flight data submission to FAA. Despite the warnings from FAA, Boeing got away with it quickly. The indirect blindness of the FAA added insult to injury to the crisis.
Slippery slope
Boeing was on a slippery slope, and the downward spiral continued with David Forkner requesting FAA to remove the mentions of MCAS from the jet’s instruction manual. Another test pilot, Gustavsson, claimed that David Forkner kept him out of the loop.
Overvaluing outcomes
On the whole, Boeing was unaware of the looming crisis and, at every stage, was overvaluing the outcomes of getting the jet out of the production lines and getting it FAA-approved.
Recommendations
The managers at Boeing must implement processes that root out conflicts of interest. For example, when David Forkner captured the erratic behavior of MCAS, the stringent process to capture test data and the data must be published to a governance board to resolve any conflict of interest.
Similarly, for FAA-related transactions and interactions, the governance board must oversee whether the transactions might invite unethical behavior and take ownership of the implications.
Boeing’s governance board must continuously monitor for trivial ethical infractions and address them immediately. It has to examine both “good” and “bad” decisions for their ethical implications. | null | null | null | 2158 |
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null | classification | Identify the bird from the list: Canada Dry, Canada goose, Goosebumps | Canada goose | null | null | null | 2159 |
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null | open_qa | what are the benefit of meditation? | Meditation practice will train mind to focus on specific objects, like: breath or body sensation, which will relief brain from high dense thoughts or strong emotions. It can help brain calm down and be present in current situation. It will avoid the mind to get lost in past regrets or get too anxious in the future desire. This is not only help brain to get great rest, but also an efficient exercise for brain to rebuild the neuron cells and extend their connections.
Reports showed, even 15 mins daily meditation can greatly help people with mitigating nervous, pressure, sadness and almost all negative emotions.
Long time mediation can lead mind in the "deep calm down" state, which can help people understanding things in the deep root and see things as they really are. These will be the foundation to trigger wisdom and enlightenment.
Just like human boy need work out, human brain also need exercise, which is meditation. Meditation now becomes more and more popular and lots of people already get benefit from it and keep it as a daily exercise. | null | null | null | 2160 |
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null | open_qa | What city is Microsoft Based in? | Redmond, Wa | null | null | null | 2161 |
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null | closed_qa | How many national high school records does Shana Woods currently hold based on the paragraph? | Shana Woods (born July 7, 1988 in Bellflower, California) is an American track and field athlete. She holds the current national high school record in the multiple event heptathlon, which she set while attending Long Beach Polytechnic High School in Long Beach, California. She has exhibited proficiency in a variety of events. While still a sophomore at Long Beach Poly, she joined her teammates, including senior Shalonda Solomon in setting national high school records in the 4 × 400 metres relay, 4 × 200 metres relay and indoor 4 × 400 metres relay. All those records still stand. The indoor record also counts as the current U.S. Junior record. | Shana Woods holds 4 national high school records currently | null | null | null | 2162 |
null | summarization | What are the two major bacterial pathogens of Anaplasma bacteria? | Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease affecting ruminants, dogs, and horses, and is caused by Anaplasma bacteria. Anaplasmosis is an infectious but not contagious disease. Anaplasmosis can be transmitted through mechanical and biological vector processes. Anaplasmosis can also be referred to as "yellow bag" or "yellow fever" because the infected animal can develop a jaundiced look. Other signs of infection include weight loss, diarrhea, paleness of the skin, aggressive behavior, and high fever.
Many different tick species can carry the bacteria that cause anaplasmosis. The two major bacterial pathogens are Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. These microorganisms are Gram-negative, and infect red blood cells. Once the host is infected with anaplasmosis, the immune system will try to fight off and kill the infected red blood cells, but will also kill healthy red blood cells. The Anaplasma sparouinense species is responsible for a rare zoonosis, the Sparouine anaplasmosis, detected only in French Guiana, South America. This disease was described from a clandestine gold miner working deep in rainforest. Infection of his red blood cells led to a severe deterioration of his health and required his hospitalization. Molecular typing showed that Anaplasma sparouinense is distinct to all known species and more genetically related to recently described Anaplasma species causing infections in rainforest wild fauna of Brazil.
While there are no current live or inactivated vaccines effective for all strains of A. marginale approved by the USDA for anaplasmosis, there are other means of prevention. Tick and fly control for herds of ruminants can be effective but also labor intensive. Chemical methods can also be used, including sanitizing surgical equipment after each use. Tetracycline drugs are the most common treatment for anaplasmosis, and can provide the animal with immunity for a period of time. The disease is more common in the South and West parts of the United States, but is no longer considered a major problem since the use of tetracycline drugs. | The two major bacterial pathogens are Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. These microorganisms are Gram-negative, and infect red blood cells. | null | null | null | 2163 |
null | open_qa | are GSIs important to being a global company | yes | null | null | null | 2164 |
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null | information_extraction | Extract the locations where Nachum lived from the text below and list them in alphabetical order and separated by a semicolon. | Nachum Gutman was born in Teleneşti, Bessarabia Governorate, then a part of the Russian Empire (now in the Republic of Moldova). He was the fourth child of Simha Alter and Rivka Gutman. His father was a Hebrew writer and educator who wrote under the pen name S. Ben Zion. In 1903, the family moved to Odessa, and two years later, to Ottoman Palestine. In 1908, Gutman attended the Herzliya Gymnasium in what would later become Tel Aviv. In 1912, he studied at the Bezalel School in Jerusalem. In 1920–26, he studied art in Vienna, Berlin and Paris.
Gutman was married to Dora, with whom he had a son. After Gutman's death in 1980, Dora asked two Tel Aviv gallery owners, Meir Stern of Stern Gallery and Miriam Tawin of Shulamit Gallery, to appraise the value all of the works left in his estate. | Berlin;Jerusalem;Odessa;Palestine;Paris;Tel Aviv;Vienna | null | null | null | 2165 |
null | general_qa | Who are the best college football programs of all time? | Ranked by total wins as of the completion of the 2022 season
1. Michigan
T2. Ohio State
T2. Alabama
4. Notre Dame
5. Texas
6. Oklahoma
7. Yale
8. Penn State
9. Nebraska
10. Harvard | null | null | null | 2166 |
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null | information_extraction | Which is the capital of Union Territory of Ladakh ? | The Leh–Manali Highway is a 428 km (266 mi) long highway in northernmost India connecting Leh, the capital of the Union Territory of Ladakh, to Manali in the state of Himachal Pradesh. | Leh is the capital of the Union Territory of Ladakh. | null | null | null | 2167 |
null | brainstorming | Give me a list of Tour de France general Classification winners who have won more than 4 times. | Jacques Anquetil, Eddie Merckx, Bernard Hinault, Miguel Indurain and Lance Armstrong. Lance Armstrong has won seven times but had those victories rescinded after admitting to using performance enhancing drugs. | null | null | null | 2168 |
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null | closed_qa | Given a reference text about a singer, tell me when they debuted, what their first release was, and what their most popular song is. | Lee Ji-eun (Korean: 이지은; born May 16, 1993), also known by her stage name IU (Korean: 아이유), is a South Korean singer-songwriter, record producer, and actress. She signed with LOEN Entertainment (now Kakao Entertainment) in 2007 as a trainee and debuted as a singer at the age of fifteen with her first extended play (EP) Lost and Found (2008). Although her follow-up albums, Growing Up and IU...IM, brought mainstream success, it was only after the release of "Good Day" (Korean: 좋은 날), the lead single from her 2010 album Real, that she achieved national stardom. "Good Day" went on to spend five consecutive weeks at the top of South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart, and in 2019, it was ranked number one on Billboard's "100 Greatest K-Pop Songs of the 2010s" list.
Lost and Found is the debut extended play (EP) by South Korean singer-songwriter IU. It was released by LOEN Entertainment on September 23, 2008. IU collaborated with lyricist and producer Choi Gap-won, who had previously produced songs including "Amnesia" by Gummy, "Incurable Disease" by Wheesung, and "Toc Toc Toc" by Lee Hyori. Lee Jong-hoon of Soul-Shop and the singer Mario additionally worked on the title song, "Lost Child". | The singer Lee Ji-eun, or better known as IU, debuted on September 23, 2008 with her first extended play "Lost and Found". Her most popular song is "Good Day" from her 2010 album "Real" which was ranked number one on Billboard's "100 Greatest K-Pop Songs of the 2010s" list. | null | null | null | 2169 |
null | general_qa | What are Arabic numerals? | Arabic numerals refers to the ten digits commonly used today to represent numbers. The digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. They were adopted by European mathematicians around the 10th century C.E. from numerals used by Arabic speakers in North Africa. The numerals are used in a positional or place-value notation which makes complex calculations by humans easier. | null | null | null | 2170 |
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null | information_extraction | From the passage provided, extract the date of birth of Gandhi | Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 into a Gujarati Hindu Modh Bania family in Porbandar (also known as Sudamapuri), a coastal town on the Kathiawar Peninsula and then part of the small princely state of Porbandar in the Kathiawar Agency of the British Raj. His father, Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi (1822–1885), served as the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar state. His family originated from the then village of Kutiana in what was then Junagadh State. | Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 | null | null | null | 2171 |
null | open_qa | What is the only established city of the Dothraki people? | Vaes Dothrak is the only permanent settlement of the Dothraki people. It is located northeast of the Dothraki Sea. | null | null | null | 2172 |
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null | classification | Classify each of the following as either a Sega or Nintendo game: Super Mario Bros, Sonic the Hedgehog, Altered Beast, Road Rash, Legend of Zelda, Ecco the Dolphin, ToeJam & Earl, Metroid, Chrono Trigger, Donkey Kong Country | Nintendo: Super Mario Bros, Legend of Zelda, Metroid, Chrono Trigger, Donkey Kong Country
Sega: Sonic the Hedgehog, Altered Beast, Road Rash, Ecco the Dolphin, ToeJam & Earl | null | null | null | 2173 |
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null | brainstorming | What stroller should I buy for my newborn baby? | The stroller that's the best fit for you depends on what characteristics you value. Example characteristics can be: affordability, ease of pushing and steering, ease of folding, ability to grow with your family, aesthetics, weight, and availability of high-end features like a bassinet attachment or large storage basket.
If you care about affordability, ease of folding, and ease of pushing and steering, the Baby Jogger City Mini GT2 stroller is a great option. If you care about the ability of the stroller to growth with your family, ease of pushing and steering, and high-end features, the Uppababy Vista V2 stroller is another popular option. If you have twins, the Bugaboo Donkey 5 stroller could be a great fit with its side-by-side double configuration. | null | null | null | 2174 |
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null | information_extraction | Based on the following paragraph, list the weather conditions associated with summer around the world. | Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in Eastern Asia because of the monsoon) it is associated with rainy weather. The wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the savanna climate regime. Where the wet season is associated with a seasonal shift in the prevailing winds, it is known as a monsoon.
In the northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct tropical cyclone season occurs from 1 June to 30 November. The statistical peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is 10 September. The Northeast Pacific Ocean has a broader period of activity, but in a similar timeframe to the Atlantic. The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September. In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March.
Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening. | 1. Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather.
2. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather.
3. In Eastern Asia because of the monsoon, it is associated with rainy weather. | null | null | null | 2175 |
null | creative_writing | Provide a 10-step flow for a heterosexual couple's non-religious wedding ceremony. | 1) Bride walks down the aisle
2) Officiant welcomes everyone
3) Officiant thanks the bride and groom's parents and all attendees for being there
4) Officiant recognizes family members who have passed away or could not attend
5) Officiant shares a quick history and their experience with the bride and groom
6) Family member or friend shares a non-religious reading, such as a poem or excerpt from a novel
7) Bride and groom exchange vows
8) Bride and groom exchange rings
9) Officiant introduces the bride and groom as husband and wife ("you may kiss the bride!")
10) Bride and groom exit, walking back down the aisle, followed by bridal party | null | null | null | 2176 |
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null | classification | Tell me whether these are shoes or clothing brands: Nike, Tommy Hilfiger, Adidas, Levi's, Reebok, Puma, Wrangler. | Nike is a shoe brand.
Tommy Hilfiger is a clothing brand.
Adidas is a shoe brand,
Levi's is a clothing brand.
Reebok is a shoe brand.
Puma is a shoe brand.
Wrangler is a clothing brand. | null | null | null | 2177 |
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null | open_qa | The Death of Socrates was painted by whom? | Jacques Louis David | null | null | null | 2178 |
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null | closed_qa | Why did Georges think that Helene redirected her affections towards Walter Rogers? | Papa Chibou (Paul Muni), the elderly caretaker of Musée Pratouchy, a Parisian wax museum, feels a strong kinship with the figures, particularly with that of Napoleon. He spots at the waxworks a romantic young couple, Georges (Russell Gleason), a lawyer, and Helene (Marguerite Churchill), the daughter of a stern judge (Lester Lonergan) who disapproves of his daughter's choice and forbids her to see Georges. Papa Chibou suggests to them that they can still stay in touch, without disobeying her father's directive not to speak with each other, by placing secret personal messages in the pockets of Napoleon's uniform. However, a missing letter and confusion in communication causes Georges to arrive at the mistaken conclusion that Helene has redirected her affections towards a foolish young man (Walter Rogers), who is unworthy of her and excessively preoccupied with his stylish personal appearance and elegant clothing. | A missing letter and confusion in communication caused Georges to arrive at the mistaken conclusion that Helene has redirected her affections towards Walter Rogers (a foolish young man), who is unworthy of her and excessively preoccupied with his stylish personal appearance and elegant clothing. | null | null | null | 2179 |
null | general_qa | What are fast recipes to make for dinner? | Fast recipes for dinner include:
1. Tacos - corn tortillas, ground beef, diced tomatoes, onions and shredded cheese
2. Stir fry - cook rice or noodle with vegetables in a wok and use some teriyaki sauce
3. Breakfast for dinner - eggs are quick to cook and make nutritious dinner meals as well | null | null | null | 2180 |
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null | creative_writing | Write a short blog post about why you have chosen to delete your instagram account and why you think that instagram has an negative impact on society. | Hi friends, long time no talk! Today, I want to tell you all about why I decided to delete my instagram account. This is a decision I had been thinking about for a long time, and ultimately I decided it just made sense to get rid of the account. However, I didn't want to do this without sharing with you all why I made this decision, because I think it is important to explain. I've had an instagram account for years, but often felt as though I would get sucked into a scroll spiral (we've all been there, let's be real) where I would just sit on my phone for hours. I had already put in place screen time limits, but I felt like I wasn't really getting a lot out of the app. However, what ultimately made me decide to go full send and delete my account was reading about how social media causes low self esteem, and how it could be causing many of the mental health issues we are seeing with young people right now. After reading about this, I decided enough was enough, and I finally deleted my account. I would encourage you all to do the same - don't worry, I'm not giving up this blog, so you'll still be able to check in on what I'm up to. Let me know in the comments what you guys think, and talk next week! | null | null | null | 2181 |
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null | open_qa | What is the capital of Maine? | Augusta is the capital of Maine | null | null | null | 2182 |
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null | closed_qa | Given a reference text about the 2008 Pittsburgh Pirates season, what was their record for the season? | The 2008 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 127th season of the franchise; the 122nd in the National League. This was their eighth season at PNC Park. It was the first under new president Frank Coonelly, general manager Neal Huntington, and manager John Russell. Unable to improve on their 68–94, last place finish during the 2007 season, the Pirates had not had a winning record or made it to the playoffs since 1992, and finished 67–95 for their 16th straight losing season. The season was the final of play-by-play announcer Lanny Frattare, whose 33-year tenure as Pirates' broadcaster was the longest in franchise history. | The 2008 Pittsburgh Pirates finished the season with a record of 67-95. | null | null | null | 2183 |
null | information_extraction | Name a battlefield surgeon | Princess Vera Ignatievna Gedroits was a Russian doctor of medicine and author. She was the first woman military surgeon in Russia, the first woman professor of surgery, and the first woman to serve as a physician to the Imperial Court of Russia. Following her involvement in a student movement, Gedroits was unable to complete her studies in Russia, and despite being openly lesbian, entered into a marriage of convenience, which allowed her to obtain a passport in another name and leave the country. In Switzerland, she enrolled in the medical courses of César Roux and graduated in 1898, working as Roux’s assistant, but returned to Russia because of illnesses in her family. As a young physician, Gedroits was concerned at the low standards of hygiene, nutrition and sanitation, and made recommendations to improve conditions. In the Russo-Japanese War, she performed abdominal surgeries against established policy, leading to a change in the way battlefield medicine was performed. Much decorated for her war service, she served as physician to the royal court until the outbreak of World War I, training the Tsarina Alexandra and her daughters as nurses. At the beginning of the Revolution, Gedroits returned to the battle front. Wounded, she was evacuated to Kiev, where she resumed her work as a physician and academic. In 1921, she was hired to teach pediatric surgery at the Kiev Medical Institute and within two years was appointed a professor of medicine. Soviet purges at that time removed her from office in 1930 and denied her a pension. Gedroits turned her attention to writing autobiographical novels until her death from uterine cancer in 1932. | Vera Gedroits was a ground-breaking physician and surgeon who improved surgical practices on the battlefield and became the first woman to serve as a physician to the Imperial Court of Russia. | null | null | null | 2184 |
null | general_qa | What's the best baseball team? | Denoting one baseball team as "best" is a very difficult. Many factors may be involved when determining the best baseball team. For instance, are we looking at current season performance? History of championships in the past? Number of fans? Best statistics? Most notable? Please help me by being more specific about what "best" means to you. | null | null | null | 2185 |
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null | summarization | please give me a short description about SVB collapse | On Friday, March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) failed after a bank run, marking the second-largest bank failure in United States history and the largest since the 2007–2008 financial crisis. It was one of three March 2023 United States bank failures. | It's due to risk mismanagement of SVB Bank, where the bank bet on long dated treasury bond. When the bank runs happen, SVB don't have a choice but to sell those long dated bond at a steep discount and incur huge lossses. | null | null | null | 2186 |
null | brainstorming | Different uses for glass | There are many but here are just a few.
-Bulbs
-Vases
-Windows
-Drinking glass
-Screens
-Plates
-Candles holder
-Water Bottles
-table top
-French Door Glass
-Slippers (if you are a cinderella fan)
-Ash tray
-coasters
-Cooking pots | null | null | null | 2187 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me some suggestions for good South East Asian restaurants near downtown Seattle | Here are some highly rated South East Asian restaurants near downtown Seattle
1. Bangrak market serves classic Thai street food in a unique setting. The restaurant is in Belltown neighbood, a few minutes walk from Pike Place Market. Crying tiger, kao soi, fried whole fish, and mango sticky rice are among their popular dishes
2. Kedai Makan is a busy Malaysian restaurant in Capitol Hill featuring a cozy atmosphere and fabulous Malaysian dishes. The most popular dishes in the restaurant are roti jala (soft net bread with chicken curry), spicy ribs and chili pan mee noodle.
3. Di Fiora is an Asian fusion restaurant with a cozy, relaxing and romantic vibe through flowery decoration. They are famous for their Thai curry, fried rice, pasta, as well as various tasty cocktails. | null | null | null | 2188 |
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null | information_extraction | According to the passage, mention some of Taylor’s hit songs after signing for Republic records. | Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Her genre-spanning discography, songwriting abilities and artistic reinventions have received critical praise and wide media coverage. Born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville at age 14 to become a country artist. She signed a songwriting deal with Sony/ATV Music Publishing in 2004 and a recording contract with Big Machine Records in 2005. Her 2006 self-titled debut album made her the first female country artist to write a U.S. platinum-certified album.
Swift's next albums, Fearless (2008) and Speak Now (2010), explored country pop. The former's "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me" were the first country songs to top the U.S. pop and all-genre airplay charts, respectively. She experimented with rock and electronic styles on Red (2012), which featured her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one song, "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", and eschewed her country image in her synth-pop album, 1989 (2014), supported by chart-topping songs "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", and "Bad Blood". Media scrutiny inspired the urban-flavored Reputation (2017) and its number-one single "Look What You Made Me Do".
Exiting Big Machine, Swift signed with Republic Records in 2018 and released her seventh studio album, Lover (2019), followed by the autobiographical documentary Miss Americana (2020). She ventured into indie folk and alternative rock in her 2020 albums Folklore and Evermore, whose singles "Cardigan" and "Willow" topped the Hot 100. Swift began re-recording her first six albums after a dispute over their masters, re-releasing two in 2021—Fearless (Taylor's Version) and Red (Taylor's Version). The latter's "All Too Well (10 Minute Version)" became the longest song to top the Hot 100. Her 2022 album Midnights and single "Anti-Hero" broke all-time streaming records. Swift has directed music videos and films, such as All Too Well: The Short Film (2021), and played supporting roles in others.
Having sold over 200 million records globally, Swift is one of the best-selling musicians in history. She is the most streamed woman on Spotify and the only act to have five albums open with over one million copies sold in the US. Among her accolades are 12 Grammy Awards, including three Album of the Year wins; an Emmy Award; 40 American Music Awards; 29 Billboard Music Awards; three IFPI Global Recording Artist of the Year awards; and 92 Guinness World Records. Swift has been featured in rankings such as Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time, Billboard's Greatest of All Time Artists, the Time 100 and Forbes Celebrity 100. Honored with titles such as Artist of the Decade and Woman of the Decade, Swift is an advocate for artists' rights and women's empowerment. Her music is credited with influencing a generation of singers and songwriters. | Some of Taylor Swift’s greatest hits after signing with Republic records include:
1."Cardigan"
2."Willow"
3."All Too Well (10 Minute Version)"
4."Anti-Hero" | null | null | null | 2189 |
null | open_qa | What is Active Directory? | Active Directory is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. It is included in most Windows Server operating systems as a set of processes and services. Initially, Active Directory was used only for centralized domain management. However, Active Directory eventually became an umbrella title for a broad range of directory-based identity-related services. | null | null | null | 2190 |
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null | general_qa | Who invented the computer? | Charles Babbage is widely credited with having conceived the idea for the first computer, and indeed he has been referred to as the "father of computing." His designs led to the creation of the world's first digital device - "the Difference Engine". Babbage's ideas were picked up by Ada Lovelace, who described an algorithm to compute Bernoulli numbers using one of his proposed devices. In documenting this algorithm, Lovelace has been recognised as the world's first computer programmer, and in the notes that accompanied it she is also credited with making the first distinction between hardware and software.
Alan Turing is often recognised as being the father of modern computer science, and for developing the first modern computers. During the Second World War, Turing's devices broke the Enigma Code, which was used by the Germans to encode all of their military communications. In so doing, Turing is credited with saving millions of lives. After the war, Turing published a detailed design for an "Automatic Computing Engine" (ACE), which very much a precursor of the modern computer, even storing its programs in memory.
In 1950, Turing published a paper describing what become known as the "Turing Test" - a method to compare human and machine outputs. This paper is widely seen as being a seminal moment in the development of Artificial Intelligence. | null | null | null | 2191 |
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null | open_qa | What is the Phillips curve? | In economics, the Phillips curve is the short-run tradeoff between the unemployment rate and inflation. The relationship implies a negative correlation such that an increase in the unemployment rate is associated with a decrease in wage rate. Conversely, during times in which the unemployment rate is quite low (strong demand for labor) the growth of wages is typically observed to be quite high, or increasing. While this phenomenon has been observed in the short-run there are some periods in which the relationship does not hold. | null | null | null | 2192 |
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null | information_extraction | Extract the essential tools for a mini survival kit from the following Wikipedia article. | Mini survival kits or "Altoids" tin survival kits are small kits that contain a few basic survival tools. These kits often include a small compass, waterproof matches, minimum fishing tackle, large plastic bag, small candle, jigsaw blade, craft knife or scalpel blade, and/or a safety pin/s. Pre-packaged survival kits may also include instructions in survival techniques such as fire-starting or first aid methods. In addition, paracord can be wrapped around the tin. The paracord can be used for setting up an emergency shelter or snaring small animals. They are designed to fit within a container roughly the size of a mint tin. | Small compass, waterproof matches, minimum fishing tackle, large plastic bag, small candle, jigsaw blade, craft knife, and safety pins. | null | null | null | 2193 |
null | brainstorming | Think up a short list of the best US Presidents | Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, FDR, Ronald Reagan, Dwight Eisenhower, Harry Truman, Thomas Jefferson | null | null | null | 2194 |
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null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Dholak, Sitar | Sitar is string, Dholak is percussion. | null | null | null | 2195 |
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null | general_qa | Why do people like to ski? | Skiing is a great way to get out into the open air in the winter months. It also provides a great way to stay active, challenge yourself, be with family members, and enjoy the great outdoors. | null | null | null | 2196 |
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null | open_qa | Where was the first capital of Alaska? | Alaska's first capital was in Sitka, following the transfer of the Alaska territory from Russia to the United States in 1867, and remained the capital until 1906 when it transferred to Juneau. | null | null | null | 2197 |
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null | summarization | Based on the following paragraph, list the Himalayan peaks that were surveyed and identified during the 19th century. | In 1802, the British began the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India to fix the locations, heights, and names of the world's highest mountains. Starting in southern India, the survey teams moved northward using giant theodolites, each weighing 500 kg (1,100 lb) and requiring 12 men to carry, to measure heights as accurately as possible. They reached the Himalayan foothills by the 1830s, but Nepal was unwilling to allow the British to enter the country due to suspicions of their intentions. Several requests by the surveyors to enter Nepal were denied.
The British were forced to continue their observations from Terai, a region south of Nepal which is parallel to the Himalayas. Conditions in Terai were difficult because of torrential rains and malaria. Three survey officers died from malaria while two others had to retire because of failing health.
Nonetheless, in 1847, the British continued the survey and began detailed observations of the Himalayan peaks from observation stations up to 240 km (150 mi) distant. Weather restricted work to the last three months of the year. In November 1847, Andrew Waugh, the British Surveyor General of India, made several observations from the Sawajpore station at the east end of the Himalayas. Kangchenjunga was then considered the highest peak in the world, and with interest, he noted a peak beyond it, about 230 km (140 mi) away. John Armstrong, one of Waugh's subordinates, also saw the peak from a site farther west and called it peak "b". Waugh would later write that the observations indicated that peak "b" was higher than Kangchenjunga, but given the great distance of the observations, closer observations were required for verification. The following year, Waugh sent a survey official back to Terai to make closer observations of peak "b", but clouds thwarted his attempts.
In 1849, Waugh dispatched James Nicolson to the area, who made two observations from Jirol, 190 km (120 mi) away. Nicolson then took the largest theodolite and headed east, obtaining over 30 observations from five different locations, with the closest being 174 km (108 mi) from the peak.
Nicolson retreated to Patna on the Ganges to perform the necessary calculations based on his observations. His raw data gave an average height of 9,200 m (30,200 ft) for peak "b", but this did not consider light refraction, which distorts heights. However, the number clearly indicated that peak "b" was higher than Kangchenjunga. Nicolson contracted malaria and was forced to return home without finishing his calculations. Michael Hennessy, one of Waugh's assistants, had begun designating peaks based on Roman numerals, with Kangchenjunga named Peak IX. Peak "b" now became known as Peak XV.
In 1852, stationed at the survey headquarters in Dehradun, Radhanath Sikdar, an Indian mathematician and surveyor from Bengal was the first to identify Everest as the world's highest peak, using trigonometric calculations based on Nicolson's measurements. An official announcement that Peak XV was the highest was delayed for several years as the calculations were repeatedly verified. Waugh began work on Nicolson's data in 1854, and along with his staff spent almost two years working on the numbers, having to deal with the problems of light refraction, barometric pressure, and temperature over the vast distances of the observations. Finally, in March 1856 he announced his findings in a letter to his deputy in Calcutta. Kangchenjunga was declared to be 8,582 m (28,156 ft), while Peak XV was given the height of 8,840 m (29,002 ft). Waugh concluded that Peak XV was "most probably the highest in the world". Peak XV (measured in feet) was calculated to be exactly 29,000 ft (8,839.2 m) high, but was publicly declared to be 29,002 ft (8,839.8 m) in order to avoid the impression that an exact height of 29,000 feet (8,839.2 m) was nothing more than a rounded estimate. Waugh is sometimes playfully credited with being "the first person to put two feet on top of Mount Everest". | The peaks Kangchenjunga and Mount Everest in the Himalayan range were identified by surveys carried out in the 19th century. | null | null | null | 2198 |
null | open_qa | What is the difference between football and soccer? | Whilst some believe that football and soccer are different sports they are in fact exactly the same game and simply differ in naming conventions. In England fans are passionate about the fact it should only be called by its historic original name. In North America however, where 'American Football' is a bigger sport and soccer is developing at pace, soccer is the go to name. | null | null | null | 2199 |
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