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null | closed_qa | Of which generation is Jiang the core leader of China | Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang was paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping.
Born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Jiang joined the CCP while he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he received training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s, later returning to Shanghai in 1962 to serve in various institutes, later being sent between 1970-1972 to Romania as part of an expert team to establish machinery manufacturing plants in the country. After 1979, he was appointed as the vice chair of two commissions by vice premier Gu Mu to oversee the newly-established special economic zones (SEZs). He became the vice minister of the newly-established Ministry of Electronics Industry and a member of the CCP Central Committee in 1982.
Jiang was appointed as the mayor of Shanghai in 1985, later being promoted to its Communist Party secretary, as well as a member of the CCP Politburo, in 1987. Jiang came to power unexpectedly as a compromise candidate following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as CCP general secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. As the involvement of the "Eight Elders" in Chinese politics steadily declined, Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become the "paramount leader" in the country during the 1990s. Urged by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, Jiang officially introduced the term "socialist market economy" in his speech during the 14th CCP National Congress held later that year, which accelerated "opening up and reform".
Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of market reforms. The returning of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom in 1997 and of Macau from Portugal in 1999, and entry into the World Trade Organisation in 2001, were landmark moments of his era. China also witnessed improved relations with the outside world, while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the state. Jiang faced criticism over human rights abuses, including the crackdown on the Falun Gong movement. His contributions to party doctrine, known as the "Three Represents", were written into the CCP constitution in 2002. Jiang gradually vacated his official leadership titles from 2002 to 2005, being succeeded in these roles by Hu Jintao, although he and his political faction continued to influence affairs until much later. On 30 November 2022, Jiang died from leukemia and multiple organ failure in Shanghai. | He is the third generation of Chinese leadership | null | null | null | 3100 |
null | classification | Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Donkey, Leopard ca | Leopard cat is wild, Donkey is domesticated | null | null | null | 3101 |
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null | closed_qa | Given this paragraph about the dimensions of a volleyball court, what is the area of one half of a volleyball court with an explanation of the math behind the calculation. | A volleyball court is 9 m × 18 m (29.5 ft × 59.1 ft), divided into equal square halves by a net with a width of one meter (39.4 in). The top of the net is 2.43 m (7 ft 11+11⁄16 in) above the centre of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 m (7 ft 4+3⁄16 in) for women's competition, varied for veterans and junior competitions. | The area of one half of a volleyball court is 81 square meters. The total area of the court is 162 square meters (9 m x 18 m). It is divided into two equal square halves of 81 square meters each (9 m x 9 m). | null | null | null | 3102 |
null | information_extraction | Which album Freya Clausen release? | Freya Christine Clausen also known as Freya (born 17 November 1978) is a Danish singer/songwriter and television personality, based in Copenhagen. She worked as an MTV VJ, then moved to VH1 in 2010. She has released two solo albums, Tea with the Queen and Chasing My Tale.
Since 2010 she has hosted the pan-Scandinavian TV channel Star!'s broadcasts from Stockholm Fashion Week by Berns.
Freya released a new single called "Into The Fire" on 29 September 2014. | Freya Clausen released 2 albums: Tea with the Queen and Chasing My Tale. | null | null | null | 3103 |
null | classification | Tell me which continent the following cities are in:
- Seattle
- Helsinki
- Lagos
- Osaka
- Istanbul | Seattle is located in North America
Helsinki is in Europe
Lagos is in Africa
Osaka is in Asia
Istanbul is partially located in both Europe and Asia | null | null | null | 3104 |
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null | general_qa | Why do we feel lighter in weight in a swimming pool? | We feel lighter in a swimming pool because the water exerts an upward force or buoyant force on our body. This is because the weight of our body in water is equal to the apparent weight. | null | null | null | 3105 |
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null | open_qa | How many more keys does a standard piano have over a harpsichord? | 28 keys | null | null | null | 3106 |
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null | closed_qa | Given this paragraph about planting and harvesting for peanut butter, when are peanuts typically harvested? | Due to weather conditions, peanuts are usually planted in spring. The peanut comes from a yellow flower that bends over and penetrates the soil after blooming and wilting, and the peanut starts to grow in the soil. Peanuts are harvested from late August to October, while the weather is clear. This weather allows for dry soil so that when picked, the soil does not stick to the stems and pods. The peanuts are then removed from vines and transported to a peanut shelling machine for mechanical drying. After cropping, the peanuts are delivered to warehouses for cleaning, where they are stored unshelled in silos. | Peanuts are typically harvested from late August to October | null | null | null | 3107 |
null | brainstorming | how to fight a speeding ticket? | Three common ways to resolve a speeding tickets are 1. taking a defensive driving course: it takes about 20 hours to complete the course content but you can speed it up by playing the videos at 2x speed with a chrome plug-in. Some people just let the video play like background noise and do whatever is on the side. 2. hire an attorney to take care of it, the cost depends on your ticket details and varies based on attorneys. But it is the most care-free way as the attorney deals with the court on your behalf. There is no guarantee it always succeeds though. 3. go to the court yourself and fight it. This takes a lot of gut because you will need to face the judge and prosecuting attorney or the traffic policy on the court the defend yourself. | null | null | null | 3108 |
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null | open_qa | Who was Yogi Bear named after? | He was named after baseball legend Yogi Berra | null | null | null | 3109 |
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null | classification | Classify the following as either a solid, liquid, or gas: carbon dioxide, water, oil, granite, aluminum, gold, oxygen | Carbon Dioxide: Gas
Water: Liquid
Oil: Liquid
Granite: Solid
Aluminum: Solid
Gold: Solid
Oxygen: Gas | null | null | null | 3110 |
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null | creative_writing | How was Netflix able to overcome Blockbuster’s industry dominance in home video rentals? | Blockbuster, at its peak, was raking in $6 billion in revenues when Netflix entered the market as a disruptor with mail-in-DVD service. When Netflix arrived, Blockbuster was already a mature offering with no innovation. It had 6000 stores nationwide, and the customer service could have been better, especially with late fees. Blockbuster collected customers' $800 million in late fees in 2006 alone.
Netflix’s mail-in-DVD service offered a lower performance for the customers as they had to pick titles on their portal pre- and wait for 2 to 3 days before they arrived in their mailbox. However, disgruntled customers from Blockbuster’s late fees switched to Netflix, which was the initial trigger. At first, Netflix's beachhead audience was the dissatisfied customers from Blockbuster.
Netflix is led by Reed Hastings, a visionary who made a bet on video streaming on the internet. With scarce resources spent on technology, Reed Hastings incorporated a “Freedom and responsibility” culture within Netflix. This propelled Netflix into the new era of winning in the subscription video streaming business model. Blockbuster meanwhile had expensive operations with 6000 stores and 25000 staff, while Netflix operated with two data centers and a few warehouses with less than 500 staff. Blockbuster eventually launched its online business. However, the 2008 financial crisis and the mounting debt they incurred for their investments in their online business was too much for the company, and they eventually filed for bankruptcy. | null | null | null | 3111 |
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null | open_qa | How did Caesar come to power in Rome? | Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman born around 100 B.C. He was born in a patrician family (senatorial class) called the Julii that claimed lineage from the Goddess Venus and the legendary Prince Aeneas of Troy. His birth in this family had already put him ahead of most others on the road to power.
Caesar was smart, hard working and charming and made many friends and connections that would help him later in life. He married a relative of Gaius Marius, the dictator of Rome at the time and furthered his political connections. Though he suffered a setback when Sulla defeated Marius, Caesar was quickly able to use that to his advantage to escape a posting that required him to remain in Rome. It was important for any aspiring Consul (leader of Rome) to be seen as an effective military general who had conquered lands for Rome.
Caesar's next significant position was that of Aedile where one of his primary duties were to organize games. Caesar borrowed heavily and organized lavish games so that the people of Rome would know him. Unlike other patricians, Caesar had grown up in the Subura where, at the time, the plebeians lived and knew the importance and power that could be garnered from the love of the people.
Through multiple appointments, Caesar displayed his military genius and was eventually elected Consul. He formed an alliance with two other leading figures of the time: Pompey (a decorated general) and Crassus (richest man in Rome) known now as the "First Triumvirate".
After his consulship, Caesar become Governor of Gaul and eventually won a lot of territory for Rome. However, his political opponents in Rome readied a case for prosecuting him and stripping of power. Unwilling to be subject to that, Caesar gathered one of his legions and marched on Rome. His political opponents performed a tactical retreat from Rome leaving him in nominal control. He consolidated his power by winning multiple wars in Greece, Spain and Egypt eventually solidifying his hold on Rome and getting himself elected Dictator | null | null | null | 3112 |
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null | brainstorming | What are 5 different edible uses for Tomatoes? | - Marinara Sauce
- Salsa
- Hamburger Topping
- Bruschetta
- BLT | null | null | null | 3113 |
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null | open_qa | Why is CH the Country Code for Switzerland? | It is because the Latin name of the country is Helvetia, and it can still be seen on various stamps. The full form of CH is Confoederatio Helvetica which means Swiss Confederation. | null | null | null | 3114 |
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null | information_extraction | What does W stand for in the name W. Rex Black? | Wilford Rex Black (January 31, 1920 – December 12, 2012) was an American politician.
Wilford Rex Black represented the 2nd Utah Senate District from 1973 to 1997. W. Rex Black, as he was often referred to, was a member of the Democratic party and represented the party as the Minority leader in the Utah Senate for many years. | Wilford | null | null | null | 3115 |
null | summarization | What is the plot of Kuroko's Basketball? | The Teiko Middle School basketball team dominated basketball teams within Japan, winning the middle school Nationals for three consecutive years. The star players of the team became known as the "Generation of Miracles". After graduating from middle school, the five star players went to different high schools with top basketball teams. However, there was a rumor that there was another player in the "Generation of Miracles": a phantom sixth man. This mysterious player is now a freshman at Seirin High, a new school with a powerful, if little-known, team. Now, Tetsuya Kuroko – the sixth member of the "Generation of Miracles", and Taiga Kagami – a naturally talented player who spent most of his youth in the US, aim to bring Seirin to the top of Japan by taking on Kuroko's former teammates one by one. The series chronicles Seirin's rise to become Japan's number one high school team. The Generation of Miracles include Ryota Kise, Shintaro Midorima, Daiki Aomine, Atsushi Murasakibara, and Seijuro Akashi. | Kuroko's Basketball is an anime about basketball. The story starts with Teiko Middle School where 6 talented players are known as the Generation of Miracles and they went undefeated for 3 years. However, all of the players split off for high school. The protagonist, Tetsuya, is the mysterious sixth man who comes to Seirin high school and meets Taiga Kagami, who is a naturally talented American player. The show focuses on this duo beating the rest of the Generation of Miracles to become the top Japanese high school basketball team. | null | null | null | 3116 |
null | general_qa | Why the Kings will beat the Warriors in the Playoffs | The Kings and Warriors both have high octane offenses and are both weak on defense. Both teams have superior shooting but where Kings lack in playoff experience, they gain in youth. Warriors star players are all over the age of 31 and are on their last legs. Where Kings will thrive is in the paint, the warriors have no one to stop Sabonis. He will dominated Draymond Green in the paint and force double teams which will lead to another Sabonis skill, passing. | null | null | null | 3117 |
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null | open_qa | Why is Pickleball sport so popular | Pickleball is so popular because anyone can get started fairly easily, as the equipment is not expensive, and there are lot of freely available public courts to play. It is also an easy sport to quickly pick up and able to play at a decent level recreationally and competitively. | null | null | null | 3118 |
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null | classification | Which is a species of fish? Tenpounder or Ninepounder | Tenpounder | null | null | null | 3119 |
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null | closed_qa | How long did Air Finland operate? | Oy Air Finland was an airline with its head office and base at Helsinki Airport in Vantaa, Finland, which was operating chartered and scheduled flights to holiday destinations, as well as aircraft lease services. The company was founded in 2002 and filed for bankruptcy in 2012.
History
Boeing 757-200 in the old livery at Kangerlussuaq Airport (2010).
Boeing 757-200 in the latest livery at Málaga Airport (2012).
An ex-Air Finland Boeing 757-200 in basic Jet2 Holidays livery at Leeds Bradford International Airport (2011)
The airline was established in January 2002 and started flight operations on 3 April 2003. It was owned by three individuals from the aviation, finance and travel marketing industries: Harri Naivo (Chairman and Chief Financial Officer), Mika Helenius (Chief Executive Officer), and Lauri Komi. At March 2007, the company had 210 employees. On 26 June 2012, Air Finland announced that it would immediately cancel all flights and filed for bankruptcy. | They operated as a business for 10 years, between 2002 and 2012. | null | null | null | 3120 |
null | brainstorming | I need some ideas for a first date. | 1) Grab coffee and chat at a coffee shop.
2) Grab coffee and walk around.
3) Go out together for a meal.
4) Go to the local Farmer's Market.
5) Go bowling.
6) Take a cooking class.
7) Picnic together at a park.
8) Go to a local event.
9) Play a board game.
10) Play a sport together, like paddleboarding, tennis, pickleball, or throwing a Frisbee. | null | null | null | 3121 |
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null | classification | Is the following statement true or false: cat's have wings? | It is false. Cat's do not have wings. | null | null | null | 3122 |
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null | open_qa | What was the purpose of Major League Baseball's rule changes this year? | Major League Baseball has been facing a decline in interest for years. The reasons commonly given for this decline are the length of games and lack of action attributed to the shift.
In an effort to speed up the games and make them more interesting, baseball implemented a number of changes.
- They made the bases bigger to encourage more base stealing.
- They banned the "shift". The "shift" became prevalent over the last decade and is seen as one of the main contributors to a reduction in scoring. They hope to increase offense with the ban on the shift.
- A pitch clock. Pitchers have to deliver a pitch within 15 seconds if no runner is on base; if a runner is on base, the pitcher must deliver the pitch within 20 seconds. Batters also must be in the batter's box and ready to hit with at least 8 seconds remaining on the clock. If a pitcher fails to deliver the pitch within the allotted time, the batter is awarded an automatic ball. If the batter is not ready to hit within 8 seconds, the batter receives an automatic strike. | null | null | null | 3123 |
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null | creative_writing | Should the US government pay reparations? | Due to potential issues regarding responsibility, distribution, and cost, the U.S. Government should not award monetary reparations to the descendants of slaves. Wether or not the current government is ultimately responsible for the treatment of slaves, providing reparations, or monetary repayment for the government’s transgressions towards slaves, for the descendants of slaves may not be the most practical of beneficial solution. Instead, the government should focus on funding schooling, medicare, and communities of disadvantaged people of color.
A major flaw in the distribution of monetary reparations is determining which individuals or communities are descendants of slaves. Because slavery ended over 150 years ago, “most institutions don’t have good enough records to trace the actual descendants of slaves” (Jones). The potential inaccuracy in identifying descendants could lead to overspending on reparations, potential accusations of fraud, and countless other complaints.
Responsibility also plays a large role in determining if or how to distribute monetary reparations. While plantation owners are notoriously considered slave owners, “the Catholic Church was among the largest institutional slaveholders in the Americas” (Jones). Other large corporations which took advantage of the American slave system include both insurance and railroad companies: “Insurance companies sold policies on the lives of enslaved people (for their owners’ profit, of course) or underwrote slaving voyages. Railroads used slave labor and profited from transporting cotton or rice produced by enslaved plantation workers” (Jones). Given that both religious and industrial groups also had a rather large influence on the American slave system, the responsibility of the government to repay the descendants of slaves seems unreasonable.
To be able to pay the descendants of slaves, the government would also have to spend an excessive amount of money. Payment for slave labor requires adding up 24 hours, 365 days, for 246 years, plus inflation, the overall amount estimated to be upwards of $10 trillion. Even in smaller amounts “seeding each account with $25,000 would cost the government $100 billion a year, equal to ‘about 2% of federal expenditures now’” (Huddleston). Is that amount worth it? During his testimony, Beckett argued that money reparations are meaningless. Throwing money at a problem won’t solve it: it won’t end racism and it will cause the economy to plummet deeper in debt, creating more issues than it solves (Beckett). Not only would these reparations be a waste of taxpayer money, but it is understood that “the majority of Americans were not slave owners and even in the South, only one in five owned slaves,” more convincingly, “many Americans today have no connection to slavery at all since they immigrated here after 1865” (Source G).
Arguments could be made for the imbalance of reparations, as minorities such as Native American tribes have been given land and monetary reparations by the U.S. government. While these minorities have received reparations, these reparations directly to the victims. A table of previous reparations payments made to minorities/racially targeted groups that span from 1952-1990. The most recent and largest payment was in 1990, from the US government to Japanese American citizens, of $1.2 billion (about $20,000 each) in response to the Japanese encampments during World War II (Source D). While these payments were made to these minority groups, all these reparations were ordered while the original victims of the injustices were still alive, not over 150 years after the fact.
The complete dismissal of reparations, however, should not be administered. Focusing our attention on better ways to repay the descendants of slaves would be generally beneficial to the country, as Nathalie argued that descendants have no wealth. Given that a major source of wealth is inheritance, the lack of black property ownership means a less distinctive inheritance among black families for future generations (Nathalie). While reparations can be spent in the communities of descendants and underfunded black families, this affects people who may not be descendants, not specific to victims: “Recipients of reparations should be ‘the direct victims of the injustice or their immediate families’” (Source G). Despite this, former President Barack Obama stated that “the best reparations we can provide are good schools in the inner city and jobs for people who are unemployed,” and that those reparations could potentially “take the form of government programs to help struggling people of all races” (Source E). During her testimony, Michelle agreed, claiming that using reparations as a way of creating better schools and jobs for people who are struggling is a more beneficial way to use these monetary reparations (Michelle). Overall, the U.S. government, rather than distributing payments to individuals or communities, should focus on funding underprivileged or discriminated communities of traditionally black descendants, as this approach would create more opportunities and equality for discriminated black communities. | null | null | null | 3124 |
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null | open_qa | Which animal has the longest known hibernation period | The periodical cicada emerges from hibernation once every 17 years. Trillions emerge from the ground in a synchronized fashion during this time. | null | null | null | 3125 |
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null | summarization | According to the text below, what is a block? | Block (data storage)
In computing (specifically data transmission and data storage), a block, sometimes called a physical record, is a sequence of bytes or bits, usually containing some whole number of records, having a maximum length; a block size. Data thus structured are said to be blocked. The process of putting data into blocks is called blocking, while deblocking is the process of extracting data from blocks. Blocked data is normally stored in a data buffer, and read or written a whole block at a time. Blocking reduces the overhead and speeds up the handling of the data stream. For some devices, such as magnetic tape and CKD disk devices, blocking reduces the amount of external storage required for the data. Blocking is almost universally employed when storing data to 9-track magnetic tape, NAND flash memory, and rotating media such as floppy disks, hard disks, and optical discs.
Most file systems are based on a block device, which is a level of abstraction for the hardware responsible for storing and retrieving specified blocks of data, though the block size in file systems may be a multiple of the physical block size. This leads to space inefficiency due to internal fragmentation, since file lengths are often not integer multiples of block size, and thus the last block of a file may remain partially empty. This will create slack space. Some newer file systems, such as Btrfs and FreeBSD UFS2, attempt to solve this through techniques called block suballocation and tail merging. Other file systems such as ZFS support variable block sizes.
Block storage is normally abstracted by a file system or database management system (DBMS) for use by applications and end users. The physical or logical volumes accessed via block I/O may be devices internal to a server, directly attached via SCSI or Fibre Channel, or distant devices accessed via a storage area network (SAN) using a protocol such as iSCSI, or AoE. DBMSes often use their own block I/O for improved performance and recoverability as compared to layering the DBMS on top of a file system. | In computing -- and specifically in data transmission and data storage -- a block is a sequence of bytes or bits containing a number of records and having a maximum length. Putting data into blocks is called blocking, and reduces overhead and speeds up handling of a data stream. Block storage is typically abstracted by a file system or database management system for use by applications and end users. | null | null | null | 3126 |
null | summarization | When was Anfield football stadium built? | Anfield is a football stadium in Anfield, Liverpool, Merseyside, England, which has a seating capacity of 53,394, making it the seventh largest football stadium in England. It has been the home of Liverpool F.C. since their formation in 1892. It was originally the home of Everton from 1884 to 1891, before they moved to Goodison Park after a dispute with the club president.
The stadium has four stands: the Spion Kop, the Main Stand, the Sir Kenny Dalglish Stand and the Anfield Road End. The record attendance of 61,905 was set at a match between Liverpool and Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1952. The ground converted to an all-seater stadium in 1994 as a result of the Taylor Report, which reduced its capacity.
Two gates at the stadium are named after former Liverpool managers: Bill Shankly and Bob Paisley. Both managers have been honoured with statues outside the stadium: Shankly's unveiled in 1997 by the Kop Stand and Paisley's in 2020 by the Main Stand. The ground is 2 miles (3 km) from Liverpool Lime Street railway station. It was proposed in 2002 to replace the stadium with a new one in the adjacent Stanley Park, but after the acquisition of Liverpool F.C. by Fenway Sports Group in 2010 it was made clear this would not happen.
Construction for an extension to the main stand began on 8 December 2014. This extension, one of the largest all-seater single stands in European football, opened to the public on 9 September 2016, increasing the stadium capacity to 53,394. The Anfield Road Stand is currently being redeveloped to bring the stadium capacity to around 61,000. It is due to be completed in time for the 2023–24 season. | Anfield was built in 1884 and first occupied by and has been redeveloped many times over the years. The most recent redevelopment was in 2022 on The Anfield Road Stand which brought the total capacity of the stadium to around 61,000. | null | null | null | 3127 |
null | summarization | Please give me a summary of the current rule set for roller derby. | Roller derby is played in two periods of 30 minutes.: 4 Two teams of up to 15 players each field up to five members for episodes called "jams". Jams last two minutes unless called off prematurely.: 5 Each team designates a scoring player (the "jammer"); the other four members are "blockers". One blocker can be designated as a "pivot"—a blocker who is allowed to become a jammer in the course of play.: 7 The next jam may involve different players of the 15 roster players, and different selections for jammer and pivot.: 7
During each jam, players skate counterclockwise on a circuit track. Points are scored only by a team's jammer. After breaking through the pack and skating one lap to begin another "trip" through the pack, the jammer scores one point for passing any opposing blocker.: 33 [note 1] The rules describe an "earned" pass; notably, the jammer must be in-bounds and upright. The jammer's first earned pass scores a point for passing that blocker and a point for each opponent blocker not on the track (for instance, serving a penalty, or when the opposition did not field five players for the jam). If the jammer passes the entire pack, it is a four-point scoring trip, commonly called a "grand slam".[note 1]
Each team's blockers use body contact, changing positions, and other tactics to help their jammer score while hindering the opposing team's jammer. | A roller derby bout consists of two 30 minute halves.
Players will be on the track for a series of two minute intervals.Each team will have 5 players on the track at one time.
Four players from each are designated blockers, and will play both offense and defense at the same time.
Each team will field one jammer who is the main point scoring skater.
Jammers earn points for passing blockers from the opposing team. | null | null | null | 3128 |
null | summarization | What is New England | New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick to the northeast and Quebec to the north. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and southeast, and Long Island Sound is to the southwest. Boston is New England's largest city, as well as the capital of Massachusetts. Greater Boston is the largest metropolitan area, with nearly a third of New England's population; this area includes Worcester, Massachusetts (the second-largest city in New England), Manchester, New Hampshire (the largest city in New Hampshire), and Providence, Rhode Island (the capital of and largest city in Rhode Island). | New England is a region in the Northeastern part of United States comprising of six states namely, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont. Boston is the largest city in New England. | null | null | null | 3129 |
null | open_qa | What is the tallest structure in the Western Hemisphere? | The CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada is the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. It was completed in 1976, and was the tallest structure in the world from 1975 until 2007, when it was surpassed by the Burj Khalifa. | null | null | null | 3130 |
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null | summarization | Given the following text tell me about the Walton Football Club | Walton Casuals Football Club was a semi-professional football club based in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. Founded in 1948, the club was affiliated to the Surrey County Football Association, and had been a part of the football pyramid since 1992.
The club joined the Surrey Intermediate League upon formation, and remained there until the league disbanded in 1965. A move to the Surrey Senior League lasted just two years before becoming founding members of the Suburban League. Walton Casuals won their first major honour in 1983 as champions of the Suburban League Southern Section. In 1992, the club turned semi-professional and entered the football pyramid by joining the Surrey Premier League. The Stags earned promotion to the Combined Counties Football League in 1995, and the Isthmian League 10 years later. After two years of groundsharing, the club moved into the Elmbridge Sports Hub – a £20 million sports complex development – for the 2017–18 season. In their first season at the new stadium, Walton secured a top six finish on goal difference and went on to win the play-offs.
Walton Casuals' most notable rivalry came with Combined Counties Premier Division club Walton & Hersham, due to their close proximity. The club also had a rivalry with Molesey, who play in the Isthmian League South Division. The two teams previously competed in an annual pre-season fixture for the Mick Burgess Memorial Trophy, but the competition was halted when Molesey earned promotion to the same league in 2015. | Walton Casuals was a semi-professional football club based in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. Founded in 1948, the club were affiliated to the Surrey County Football Association. Won their first major honour in 1983 as champions of the Suburban League Southern Section. Won promotion to the Combined Counties Football League in 1995. | null | null | null | 3131 |
null | classification | Classify the following nba teams with their respective conference: kings, clippers, bucks, hawks, celtics | the kings and clippers are in the western conference while the bucks, hawks, and celtics are in the eastern conference | null | null | null | 3132 |
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null | summarization | Who was Andrew Weatherall | Andrew James Weatherall (6 April 1963 – 17 February 2020) was an English musician, DJ, songwriter, producer and remixer. His career took him from being one of the key DJs in the acid house movement of the late 1980s to being a remixer of tracks by the likes of Happy Mondays, New Order, Björk, the Orb, the Future Sound of London and My Bloody Valentine.
His production work on Primal Scream's album Screamadelica, adding samples, loops and creating an influential mix of hard rock, house and rave, helped the record win the first ever Mercury Music Prize in 1992 and become one of the most celebrated albums of the 1990s. | Andrew James Weatherall (6 April 1963 – 17 February 2020) was an English musician, DJ, songwriter, producer and remixer. His career took him from being one of the key DJs in the acid house movement of the late 1980s to being a remixer of tracks by the likes of Happy Mondays, New Order, Bjork, the Orb, the Future Sound of London and My Bloody Valentine.
His production work on Primal Scream's album Screamadelica, adding samples, loops and creating an influential mix of hard rock, house and rave, helped the record win the first ever Mercury Music Prize in 1992 and become one of the most celebrated albums of the 1990s. | null | null | null | 3133 |
null | closed_qa | Given this paragraph about the description of wakesurfing, what is needed to generate the wave? | Wakesurfing is a water sport in which a rider trails behind a boat, riding the boat's wake without being directly pulled by the boat. After getting up on the wake, typically by use of a tow rope, the wakesurfers will drop the rope, and ride the steep face below the wave's peak in a fashion reminiscent of surfing. Wakesurfers generally use special boards, designed specifically for wakes. | a boat | null | null | null | 3134 |
null | classification | Classify these alcoholic beverages as bourbon, wine, or beer: Budweiser, Blanton's, Devil's Backbone, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Yellowstone, Elijah Craig, Pinot Grigio, Yeungling, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Samuel Adams, Sierra Nevada, Baker's, Basil Hayden, Eagle Rare, Merlot, Jim Beam, Coors Light, Jack Daniels, Heineken, Miller Lite | Bourbons: Blanton's, Yellowstone, Elijah Craig, Baker's, Basil Hayden, Eagle Rare, Jim Beam, Jack Daniels. Wine: Chardonnay, Pinor Noir, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot. Beer: Budweiser, Devil's Backbone, Yeungling, Samuel Adams, Sierra Nevada, Coors Light, Heineken, Miller Lite | null | null | null | 3135 |
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null | information_extraction | Based on the above passage name the regions which were a part of Fatimid Caliphate apart from Egypt, at its height. Display the results in a comma separated format. | The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shi'a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east. The Fatimids, a dynasty of Arab origin, trace their ancestry to Muhammad's daughter Fatima and her husband ‘Ali b. Abi Talib, the first Shi‘a imam. The Fatimids were acknowledged as the rightful imams by different Isma‘ili communities, but also in many other Muslim lands, including Persia and the adjacent regions. Originating during the Abbasid Caliphate, the Fatimids conquered Tunisia and established the city of "al-Mahdiyya" (Arabic: المهدية). The Ismaili dynasty ruled territories across the Mediterranean coast of Africa and ultimately made Egypt the center of the caliphate. At its height, the caliphate included – in addition to Egypt – varying areas of the Maghreb, Sudan, Sicily, the Levant, and the Hijaz. | Maghreb, Sudan, Sicily, the Levant, the Hijaz | null | null | null | 3136 |
null | brainstorming | Provide a list of benefits of flying first class. | The following are benefits of flying first class:
1. Checked bags are free
2. More comfortable seats
3. Additional leg room
4. Free alcohol on the plane
5. Better food on the plane
6. Boarding and exiting the plane first | null | null | null | 3137 |
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null | general_qa | What's the best way to study for a test? | Make sure you understand the materials and what will be tested. Then it is important to study over multiple days instead of cramming in one night. | null | null | null | 3138 |
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null | general_qa | What is arithmetic | Arithmetic is a branch of mathematics, also known as maths in the UK or math in the USA, which covers basic operations with numbers. These operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. | null | null | null | 3139 |
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null | classification | Classify each of the following as either a city, or a state/province, or neither: San Jose, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Texas, Japan, Shandong | The following are cities: San Jose, Shanghai. The following are States/Provinces: Jiangsu, Texas, Shandong. Japan is a country, so not a city or state/province. | null | null | null | 3140 |
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null | closed_qa | What high school did Tyrone Brazelton go to? | Born in Chicago, Illinois, Brazelton initially played basketball for the Rich East High School, but transferred to the rival Rich Central High School during his senior year. He led the latter team to a championship in the Big Dipper tournament and was named as the most valuable player of the tournament. | Tyrone Brazelton attended Rich East High School and then transferred to Rich Central High School for his senior year. | null | null | null | 3141 |
null | classification | When building a piece of furniture, categorize each of the following as either "useful" or "not useful": Hammer, Asphalt, Gym, Wood, Nails, Tequila, Measuring Tape, Burrito | Hammer: Useful
Asphalt: Not Useful
Gym: Not Useful
Wood: Useful
Nails: Useful
Tequila: Not Useful
Measuring Tape: Useful
Burrito: Not Useful | null | null | null | 3142 |
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null | open_qa | Whale skin is how many cm deep? | 15 cm | null | null | null | 3143 |
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null | general_qa | What makes Southwest Virginia special? | Southwest Virginia is a beautiful place. The area is nestled in the Appalachian Mountains. The perfect backdrop for incredible scenic views. The climate is fantastic. Springtime and Fall brings brisk weather and the welcoming or good bye of leaves. Finally, the friendly people of Virginia are eager to share the beauty with visitors. | null | null | null | 3144 |
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null | creative_writing | How early should you arrive at the airport before a flight? | An individual can arrive as early as they would like before a flight. It is recommended to arrive 4 hours before an international flight, and 2 hours before a domestic flight. Airline check in policies can vary. If checking a bag with the airline, some airlines allow checking a bag up to 6 hours before boarding time, some airlines only allow checking a bag up to 4 hours before boarding time. It is important to check various policies before planning your travel. | null | null | null | 3145 |
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null | open_qa | What are the three main nutrient groups? | The three main nutrient groups, also called macronutrients and macros for short, are protein, carbohydrates, and fat. | null | null | null | 3146 |
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null | general_qa | Why is pickleball popular? | Pickleball has become popular because the equipment (paddles and balls) is cheap and existing tennis courts are easily converted. Pickleball is easily learned without lessons. There are social benefits to pickleball due to small courts that tend to promote conversation. | null | null | null | 3147 |
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null | open_qa | What is Tianwen 1? | China's 1st Mars Exploration Mission | null | null | null | 3148 |
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null | brainstorming | What are 5 popular reality TV shows? | 1. The Real Housewives
2. Survivor
3. The Bachelor
4. RuPaul's Drag Race
5. The Voice | null | null | null | 3149 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me a list of the 10 most important soccer teams in Brazil. | Sure! Some of the most important soccer teams in Brazil are:
1. Corinthians
2. Flamengo
3. São Paulo
4. Santos
5. Fluminense
6. Botafogo
7. Cruzeiro
8. Atlético Mineiro
9. Gremio
10. Palmeiras | null | null | null | 3150 |
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null | open_qa | Name the place in New Zealand, where a volcano erupted? | Whakaari (also known as White Island) | null | null | null | 3151 |
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null | general_qa | Q: What is the risk of using a hand sanitizer that contains methanol (wood alcohol) or 1-propanol? | A: Methanol exposure can result in nausea, vomiting, headache, blurred vision, permanent blindness, seizures, coma, permanent damage to the nervous system or death. Although people using these products on their hands are at risk for methanol poisoning, young children who accidentally swallow these products and adolescents and adults who drink these products as an alcohol (ethanol) substitute are most at risk.
Swallowing or drinking a hand sanitizer with 1-propanol can result in decreased breathing and heart rate, among other serious symptoms, and can lead to death. Hand sanitizer with 1-propanol contamination can irritate your skin (or eyes, if exposed). Although it is rare, some people have reported allergic skin reactions. Learn more about methanol and 1-propanol toxicities. | null | null | null | 3152 |
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null | classification | Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Ferrari, GMC | GMC is American, Ferrari is Italian | null | null | null | 3153 |
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null | open_qa | What happened to Ned Stark's ancestral family greatsword, Ice? | After he was beheaded, Ned Stark's family sword was taken by Tywin Lannnister and reforged to make two longswords: Widow's Wail, which was gifted to his eldest grandson, Joffrey, and Oathkeeper, which was gifted to his son, Jaime. | null | null | null | 3154 |
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null | information_extraction | According to the text, how much renewable energy is produced and consumed in the United States | Since 2019, wind power has been the largest producer of renewable electricity in the country. Wind power generated 337.9 terawatt-hours of electricity in 2020, which accounted for 8.4% of the nation's total electricity generation and 43.2% of the total renewable electricity generation. By October 2021, the United States nameplate generating capacity for wind power was 129,256 megawatts (MW). Texas remained firmly established as the leader in wind power deployment, followed by Iowa and Oklahoma as of year end 2020.
Hydroelectric power is the second-largest producer of renewable electricity in the country, generating around 7.3% of the nation's total electricity in 2020 as well as 36.4% of the total renewable electricity generation. The United States is the fourth largest producer of hydroelectricity in the world after China, Canada and Brazil.
Solar power provides a growing share of electricity in the country, with over 50 GW of installed capacity generating about 1.3% of the country's total electricity supply in 2017, up from 0.9% the previous year. As of 2016, more than 260,000 people worked in the solar industry and 43 states deployed net metering, where energy utilities bought back excess power generated by solar arrays. Large photovoltaic power plants in the United States include Mount Signal Solar (600 MW) and Solar Star (579 MW). Since the United States pioneered solar thermal power technology in the 1980s with Solar One, several more such power stations have been built. The largest of these solar thermal power stations are the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility (392 MW), southwest of Las Vegas, and the SEGS group of plants in the Mojave Desert, with a total generating capacity of 354 MW.
According to preliminary data from the US Energy Information Administration, renewable energy accounted for about 12.6% of total primary energy consumption and about 19.8% of the domestically produced electricity in the United States in 2020. | In 2020, tenewable energy accounted for about 12.6% of total primary energy consumption and about 19.8% of the domestically produced electricity in the United States.
| null | null | null | 3155 |
null | open_qa | Which classical musician went deaf in the prime of their career? | Beethoven went deaf in the height of his career | null | null | null | 3156 |
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null | open_qa | Who ordered John the Baptists execution | King Herod | null | null | null | 3157 |
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null | open_qa | What is difference between ECS and EC2? | The largest difference for EC2 is that it deploys isolated VM instances with auto scaling support, and ECS deploys scalable clusters of managed Docker containers. | null | null | null | 3158 |
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null | creative_writing | Write a description detailing why Soccer is better than Basketball. | Soccer is a better sport than Basketball because it is a sport with a minimal ruleset making it easier to teach and reach a greater audience. Soccer also does not require a well built out infrastructure in order to play it, all you need is a ball, field, and something to act as goals. | null | null | null | 3159 |
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null | open_qa | What is accepted to be California's first official wine-producing vineyard? | Mission San Juan Capistrano is recognized as the location of California's first wine vineyard, which was planted by Father Junípero Serra. | null | null | null | 3160 |
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null | classification | Classify which teams are in the NHL or NBA: Detroit Red Wings, Detroit Pistons, Milwaukee Bucks, Cleveland Cavaliers, Columbus Blue Jackets, Chicago Bulls, Chicago Blackhawks | The Detroit Red Wings, Columbus Blue Jackets, and Chicago Blackhawks are NHL teams. The Detroit Pistons, Milwaukee Bucks, Cleveland Cavaliers, and Chicago Bulls are NBA teams. | null | null | null | 3161 |
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null | general_qa | What is the FAANG equivalent in China? | The FAANG equivalent in China is called BAT. It consist of three Chinese technology companies, namely Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent | null | null | null | 3162 |
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null | closed_qa | Given a reference text about Giovanni Dominici, when was he beatified? | Giovanni Dominici (c. 1355 – 10 June 1419) was an Italian Catholic prelate and Dominican who became a cardinal. His ideas had a profound influence on the art of Fra Angelico who entered the order through him. But he once encountered difficulties becoming a friar due to a speech impairment that his superiors believed would rule him ineligible for both profession and the priesthood. Dominici became a noted theologian and preacher and was tireless in establishing monasteries and convents in cities such as Fiesole and Lucca.
He attempted to resign his cardinalate in 1415 during the Council of Constance after he succeeded in convincing the pope to abdicate in order to end the Western Schism. But the Council refused to accept his resignation though he had resigned from the archbishopric that he held. He spent the remainder of his life as a papal legate for Pope Martin V until he died in Buda.
He had been first named as a Blessed since 1622 though he had not been recognized as such until he was beatified on 9 April 1832.[ | Giovanni Dominici was beatified on April 9, 1832. | null | null | null | 3163 |
null | brainstorming | What woodwind instruments are popular to learn? | Flute, Clarinet and Saxophone are popular woodwind instruments. Oboe and Bassoon are interesting but less popular. | null | null | null | 3164 |
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null | open_qa | Can whales and dolphins breathe underwater? | Whales and dolphins breathe through nostrils, called a blowhole, located right on top of their heads | null | null | null | 3165 |
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null | open_qa | How do you determine the severity of vulnerabilities. | The severity of vulnerabilities are commonly determined using the common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS). CVSS scores vulnerabilities from 0-10, with 10 being the most critical severity score. | null | null | null | 3166 |
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null | summarization | Who proposed the Gini coefficient as a measure of inequality of income or wealth? | In economics, the Gini coefficient, also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality or the wealth inequality or the consumption inequality within a nation or a social group. It was developed by statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini.
The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income. A Gini coefficient of 0 reflects perfect equality, where all income or wealth values are the same, while a Gini coefficient of 1 (or 100%) reflects maximal inequality among values. For example, if everyone has the same income, the Gini coefficient will be 0. In contrast, a Gini coefficient of 1 indicates that within a group of people, a single individual has all the income or consumption, while all others have none.
The Gini coefficient was proposed by Corrado Gini as a measure of inequality of income or wealth. For OECD countries, in the late 20th century, considering the effect of taxes and transfer payments, the income Gini coefficient ranged between 0.24 and 0.49, with Slovenia being the lowest and Mexico the highest. African countries had the highest pre-tax Gini coefficients in 2008–2009, with South Africa having the world's highest, estimated to be 0.63 to 0.7, although this figure drops to 0.52 after social assistance is taken into account, and drops again to 0.47 after taxation. The global income Gini coefficient in 2005 has been estimated to be between 0.61 and 0.68 by various sources. | The Gini coefficient was proposed by Corrado Gini as a measure of inequality of income or wealth. | null | null | null | 3167 |
null | information_extraction | How long did dinosaurs rule earth? | Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles[note 1] of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 245 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is a subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201.3 mya and their dominance continued throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossil record shows that birds are feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the Late Jurassic epoch, and are the only dinosaur lineage known to have survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event approximately 66 mya. Dinosaurs can therefore be divided into avian dinosaurs—birds—and the extinct non-avian dinosaurs, which are all dinosaurs other than birds. | Dinosaurs were the dominant terrestrial species on earth for about 135.3 million years. | null | null | null | 3168 |
null | open_qa | What is beta oxidation? | In biochemistry and metabolism, beta oxidation (also β-oxidation) is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle, and NADH and FADH2, which are co-enzymes used in the electron transport chain. It is named as such because the beta carbon of the fatty acid undergoes oxidation to a carbonyl group. Beta-oxidation is primarily facilitated by the mitochondrial trifunctional protein, an enzyme complex associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane, although very long chain fatty acids are oxidized in peroxisomes. | null | null | null | 3169 |
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null | general_qa | I want to sketch with graphite pencils but am confused about the range of options. What do the pencil grades mean and how can they be used? | Graphite pencils come in a range of grades — from hard (9H to H) to soft (HB to 9B). A hard graphite pencil leaves less graphite on the drawing surface and can be used to produce faint, sharp lines and build texture. HB or B pencils are good options for hatching and cross-hatching line work. They don’t smudge as easily as the softer, darker graphite pencils — and create clear lines. Soft graphite pencils are excellent for building solid tones of dark gray to near black. | null | null | null | 3170 |
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null | closed_qa | Given the reference text, where would I be able to find The Oath of Leo III? | The Oath of Leo III is a painting by the workshop of the Italian renaissance artist Raphael. The painting was part of Raphael's commission to decorate the rooms that are now known as the Stanze di Raffaello, in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. It is located in the room that was named after The Fire in the Borgo, the Stanza dell'incendio del Borgo. In the fresco, Pope Leo III is seen during the trial on December 23 AD 800 during which he was brought face to face with the nephews of his predecessor Pope Hadrian I, who had accused him of misconduct. The assembled bishops declared that they could not judge the pope, after which Leo took an oath of purgation of his own free will. | The Oath of Leo III, painted by Raphael, can be found in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. | null | null | null | 3171 |
null | general_qa | Why does the divide and average method for computing square roots work? | The divide and average method for computing square roots starts with a guess of the square root. For example, to compute the square root of 8, we might start with 3, since we know 9 is the square of 3. Given a guess, the method is a formula for generating the next guess. The formula states the next guess should be average of the current guess and the square (the number for which you want compute the square root) divided by the guess. Returning to our example, the next guess is (3 + 8/3)/2 = 17/6. Applying this formula repeatedly yields a guess which is closer and closer to actual square root.
The reason this works is that limit of the sequence of guesses generated by this formula is the square root. To see this, first recognize that in the limit, next guess must be equal to the current guess. The guesses get closer and closer until, after an infinite number of steps, they are the same. Using a variable X to represent the limit and applying the formula yields an equation which can be solved for X via algebra. The solution is that X must be square root. | null | null | null | 3172 |
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null | classification | Which is a bird or fish: Black guillemot, Black bass | Black guillemot is a bird, Black bass is a fish | null | null | null | 3173 |
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null | classification | Which of these are religions and which are countries: Christianity, Judaism, Norway, Canada, Islam, Egypt, China, and Iran. | The countries in this list are Norway, Canada, Egypt, China and Iran. The religions are Christian, Judaism, and Islam. | null | null | null | 3174 |
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null | brainstorming | My trophy does not fit my suitcase because it is to small. I need to travel. What could I do? | - Get a bigger suite case
- Don't bring the trophy
- Send the trophy in a box | null | null | null | 3175 |
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null | open_qa | Did David Benioff direct any episodes in season three of Game of Thrones? | David Benioff directed "Walk of Punishment" in season three of Game of Thrones | null | null | null | 3176 |
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null | open_qa | Give me a title of one of the "Harry Potter" novels. | Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix | null | null | null | 3177 |
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null | closed_qa | Who is Sean Connery? | Sir Sean Connery (born Thomas Connery; 25 August 1930 – 31 October 2020) was a Scottish actor. He was the first actor to portray fictional British secret agent James Bond on film, starring in seven Bond films between 1962 and 1983. Originating the role in Dr. No, Connery played Bond in six of Eon Productions' entries and made his final Bond appearance in the non-Eon-produced Never Say Never Again; if non-Eon-produced Bond movies are included, Connery shares the record for the most portrayals as James Bond with Roger Moore (with 7 apiece). Following his third appearance as Bond in Goldfinger (1964), in June 1965 Time magazine observed "James Bond has developed into the biggest mass-cult hero of the decade" | Scottish Actor | null | null | null | 3178 |
null | summarization | What are the key features introduced by Apple in their iPhone since its creation which makes it so popular and innovative? | Development of an Apple smartphone began in 2004, when Apple started to gather a team of 1,000 employees led by hardware engineer Tony Fadell, software engineer Scott Forstall, and design officer Jony Ive, to work on the highly confidential "Project Purple".
Then-Apple CEO Steve Jobs steered the original focus away from a tablet (which was later revisited in the form of the iPad) towards a phone. Apple created the device during a secretive collaboration with Cingular Wireless (later renamed AT&T Mobility) at the time—at an estimated development cost of US$150 million over thirty months.According to Jobs in 1998, the "i" word in "iMac" (and therefore "iPod", "iPhone" and "iPad") stands for internet, individual, instruct, inform, and inspire.
Apple rejected the "design by committee" approach that had yielded the Motorola ROKR E1, a largely unsuccessful "iTunes phone" made in collaboration with Motorola. Among other deficiencies, the ROKR E1's firmware limited storage to only 100 iTunes songs to avoid competing with Apple's iPod nano. Cingular gave Apple the liberty to develop the iPhone's hardware and software in-house, a rare practice at the time, and paid Apple a fraction of its monthly service revenue (until the iPhone 3G), in exchange for four years of exclusive U.S. sales, until 2011.
Jobs unveiled the first-generation iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007, at the Macworld 2007 convention at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. The iPhone incorporated a 3.5-inch multi-touch display with few hardware buttons, and ran the iPhone OS operating system with a touch-friendly interface, then marketed as a version of Mac OS X. It launched on June 29, 2007, at a starting price of US$499 in the United States, and required a two-year contract with AT&T.
On July 11, 2008, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) 2008, Apple announced the iPhone 3G, and expanded its launch-day availability to twenty-two countries, and it was eventually released in 70 countries and territories. The iPhone 3G introduced faster 3G connectivity, and a lower starting price of US$199 (with a two-year AT&T contract). Its successor, the iPhone 3GS, was announced on June 8, 2009, at WWDC 2009, and introduced video recording functionality.
First iPhone on display under glass at the January 2007 Macworld show
The iPhone 4 was announced on June 7, 2010, at WWDC 2010, and introduced a redesigned body incorporating a stainless steel frame and a rear glass panel. At release, the iPhone 4 was marketed as the "world's thinnest smartphone"; it uses the Apple A4 processor, being the first iPhone to use an Apple custom-designed chip. It introduced the Retina display, having four-times the display resolution of preceding iPhones, and was the highest-resolution smartphone screen at release; a front-facing camera was also introduced, enabling video calling functionality via FaceTime.
Users of the iPhone 4 reported dropped/disconnected telephone calls when holding their phones in a certain way, and this issue was nicknamed "antennagate". In January 2011, as Apple's exclusivity agreement with AT&T was expiring, Verizon announced that they would be carrying the iPhone 4, with a model compatible with Verizon's CDMA network releasing on February 10.
The iPhone 4S was announced on October 4, 2011, and introduced the Siri virtual assistant, a dual-core A5 processor, and an 8 megapixel camera with 1080p video recording functionality. The iPhone 5 was announced on September 12, 2012, and introduced a larger 4-inch screen, up from the 3.5-inch screen of all previous iPhone models, as well as faster 4G LTE connectivity. It also introduced a thinner and lighter body made of aluminum alloy, and the 30-pin dock connector of previous iPhones was replaced with the new, reversible Lightning connector.
The iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C were announced on September 10, 2013. The iPhone 5S included a 64-bit A7 processor, becoming the first ever 64-bit smartphone; it also introduced the Touch ID fingerprint authentication sensor. The iPhone 5C was a lower-cost device that incorporated hardware from the iPhone 5, into a series of colorful plastic frames.
On September 9, 2014, Apple introduced the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, and included significantly larger screens than the iPhone 5S, at 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch respectively; both models also introduced mobile payment technology via Apple Pay. Optical image stabilization was introduced to the 6 Plus' camera. The Apple Watch was also introduced on the same day, and is a smartwatch that operates in conjunction with a connected iPhone. Some users experienced bending issues from normal use with the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus, particularly on the latter model, and this issue was nicknamed "bendgate".
The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were introduced on September 9, 2015, and included a more bend-resistant frame made of a stronger aluminum alloy, as well as a higher resolution 12-megapixel main camera capable of 4K video recording. The first-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 21, 2016, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 6S, in the frame of the older iPhone 5S.
The iPhone 7 and 7 Plus were announced on September 7, 2016, which introduced larger camera sensors, IP67-certified water and dust resistance, and a quad-core A10 Fusion processor utilizing big.LITTLE technology; the 3.5mm headphone jack was removed, and was followed by the introduction of the AirPods wireless earbuds. Optical image stabilization was added to the 7's camera. A second telephoto camera lens was added on the 7 Plus, enabling two-times optical zoom, and "Portrait" photography mode which simulates bokeh in photos.
The iPhone 8, 8 Plus, and iPhone X were announced on September 12, 2017, in Apple's first event held at the Steve Jobs Theater in Apple Park. All models featured rear glass panel designs akin to the iPhone 4, wireless charging, and a hexa-core A11 Bionic chip with "Neural Engine" AI accelerator hardware. The iPhone X additionally introduced a 5.8-inch OLED "Super Retina" display with a "bezel-less" design, with a higher pixel density and contrast ratio than previous iPhones with LCD displays, and introduced a stronger frame made of stainless steel. It also introduced Face ID facial recognition authentication hardware, in a "notch" screen cutout, in place of Touch ID; the home button was removed to make room for additional screen space, replacing it with a gesture-based navigation system. At its US$999 starting price, the iPhone X was the most expensive iPhone at launch.
The iPhone XR, iPhone XS, and XS Max were announced on September 12, 2018. All models featured the "Smart HDR" computational photography system, and a significantly more powerful "Neural Engine".[ The XS Max introduced a larger 6.5-inch screen. The iPhone XR included a 6.1-inch LCD "Liquid Retina" display, with a "bezel-less" design similar to the iPhone X, but does not include a second telephoto lens; it was made available in a series of vibrant colors, akin to the iPhone 5C, and was a lower-cost device compared to the iPhone X and XS.
The iPhone 11, 11 Pro, and 11 Pro Max were announced on September 10, 2019. The iPhone 11 was the successor to the iPhone XR, while the iPhone 11 Pro and 11 Pro Max succeeded the iPhone XS and XS Max. All models gained an ultra-wide lens, enabling two-times optical zoom out, as well as larger batteries for longer battery life. The second-generation iPhone SE was introduced on April 17, 2020, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 11, in the frame of the older iPhone 8, while retaining the home button and the Touch ID sensor.
The iPhone 12, 12 Mini, 12 Pro, and 12 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on October 13, 2020. All models featured OLED "Super Retina XDR" displays, introduced faster 5G connectivity, and the MagSafe magnetic charging and accessory system; a slimmer flat-edged design was also introduced, which combined with stronger glass-ceramic front glass, added better drop protection compared to previous iPhones. The iPhone 12 Mini introduced a smaller 5.4-inch screen, while the 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max had larger screens of 6.1-inch and 6.7-inch respectively. The iPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max additionally added a Lidar sensor for better accuracy in augumented reality (AR) applications.
The iPhone 13, 13 Mini, 13 Pro, and 13 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on September 14, 2021. All models featured larger camera sensors, larger batteries for longer battery life, and a narrower "notch" screen cutout. The iPhone 13 Pro and 13 Pro Max additionally introduced smoother adaptive 120 Hz refresh rate "ProMotion" technology in its OLED display, and three-times optical zoom in the telephoto lens. The low-cost third-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 8, 2022, and incorporated the A15 Bionic chip from the iPhone 13, but otherwise retained similar hardware to the second-generation iPhone SE.
The iPhone 14, 14 Plus, 14 Pro, and 14 Pro Max were announced on September 7, 2022. All models introduced satellite phone emergency calling functionality. The iPhone 14 Plus introduced the large 6.7-inch screen size, first seen on the iPhone 12 Pro Max, into a lower-cost device. The iPhone 14 Pro and 14 Pro Max additionally introduced a higher-resolution 48-megapixel main camera, the first increase in megapixel count since the iPhone 6S; it also introduced always-on display technology to the lock screen, and an interactive status bar interface integrated in a redesigned screen cutout, entitled "Dynamic Island". | The iPhone was the first mobile phone with multi-touch technology. Since the iPhone's launch, it gained larger screen sizes, video-recording, waterproofing, and many accessibility features. Up to iPhone 8 and 8 Plus, iPhones had a single button on the front panel with the Touch ID fingerprint sensor. Since iPhone X, iPhone models have switched to a nearly bezel-less front screen design with Face ID facial recognition, and app switching activated by gestures. | null | null | null | 3179 |
null | general_qa | who won the last soccer world cup ? | Argentina won the last world cup. Argentina won 3 world cups in 1978, 1986, 2022. | null | null | null | 3180 |
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null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ranat ek, Sasando | Sasando is string, Ranat ek is percussion. | null | null | null | 3181 |
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null | general_qa | why do human beings have a tendency to think they are always right? | As a first attempt to answer the question of why human beings have a tendency to think they are always right, we could point to cognitive biases, and in particular to one called "confirmation bias". This bias conditions human beings to use any new evidence to confirm their pre-existing beliefs, and to reject any new evidence that contradicts these beliefs. People may also experience the so-called illusory superiority, another bias that conditions them to overestimate their skills and make them believe they are superior to the rest. However these biases, as concrete as well-proven as they are, are only part of the explanation. The book "Being Wrong: Adventures in the Margin of Error" by Kathryn Schulz is an exploration on why humans have the tendency to disregard errors and think they are always right. Shulz describes how people start with the assumption that they are right in everything they believe, and when they realise they have made a mistake, instead of challenging this assumption, they actually feel relief and think: "I was right except for this particular error I was making, but now that I have realised it I can certainly say that I am 100% right in everything". | null | null | null | 3182 |
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null | classification | Which of the following are dog breeds? Magyar Vizsla, German Shepherd, Abyssinian, Doberman, Scottish Fold | Magyar Vizsla, German Shepherd and Doberman are dog breeds, Abyssinian and Scottish Fold are cat breeds | null | null | null | 3183 |
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null | closed_qa | Given this short paragraph about the life of George K. McGunnegle, how old was he when he retired and what month of the year did that happen? | As a member of the 3rd Infantry Regiment and 17th Infantry Regiment, McGunnegle served in the Philippines during the Philippine–American War. After receiving promotion to colonel in 1906, he commanded the 1st Infantry Regiment during service in Washington, the Philippines, and Hawaii. In 1914, he was assigned to command the recruit depot at Fort McDowell, California. He served until recaching the mandatory retirement age of 64 in June 1918. Because World War I was ongoing, McGunnegle agreed to defer retirement and remained on duty at Fort McDowell. The war ended in November 1918, and he remained in command of Fort McDowell to muster out troops as the army demobilized. He retired in July 1919. | George K. McGunnegle was 64 when he retired in July of 1919. | null | null | null | 3184 |
null | open_qa | How do you care for a dog? | Dogs are often described as a man's best friend. I have had a dog in my life since I was a young child. My father had a dog that he hunted birds alongside. We have had dogs that live indoors with the family and outdoors in their own doghouse. We have raised puppies from our dogs and given them away to friends and neighbors. Dogs provide a lot of love and companionship to everyone in the family and they can be as beloved as any human. Dogs take a great deal to care for because they are completely dependent on humans to keep them alive. A dog left out in the wild is unlikely to survive without help from a caring human. Dogs must be fed, watered, walked for exercise, socialized with other dogs and with other people as well so that they feel safe and interact safely with others. Dogs can live to between 10 and 15 years old on average so they are with a family for a long time. Dogs come in all shapes, sizes, colors, skills and are often referred to as breeds. Breeds have different characteristics and people sometimes select a dog for the breed. Sometimes dogs are neglected or left without a family to care for them and end up in temporary homes called animal shelters. These shelters provide a safe haven for a dog until a suitable owner is matched. Many of the best dogs that a family gets come from a shelter. | null | null | null | 3185 |
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null | general_qa | why do you like India | I like India because it is a country of diverse culture with more than 25 states thousands of language spoken and with many religions.You get to witness diverse food culture and religious festivals across.With all these diversity you can still see a unity within the people that is the beauty of the country. | null | null | null | 3186 |
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null | open_qa | Who was the most popular musical artist in the 1980s? | Michael Jackson was the number one selling musical artist in the 1980s. | null | null | null | 3187 |
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null | closed_qa | per this description of the game of fooseball, how many full rotations are allowed in the game at the championship level? | The game involves using figures mounted on rotating bars to kick a ball into the opposing goal. Table football tables can vary in size, but a typical table is about 120 centimetres (3.9 ft) long and 61 centimetres (2.00 ft) wide. The table usually contains eight rows of foos men, which are plastic, metal, wooden, or sometimes carbon-fibre figures mounted on horizontal metal bars. Each team of one or two human players controls four rows of foos men, one row each for the goalkeeper, defenders, midfield and strikers. Players manipulate the rods to control the figures, using them to hold up, pass or 'kick' the ball. Games begin when the ball is served through a hole at the side of the table, or simply placed by hand at the feet of a figure in the centre of the table. A coin toss is usually used to determine which player or team serves first. If it is not the first match or if the ball gets out of play or if the ball suddenly stops out, then the team scored last would get the serve after he scores one. The term for when the ball leaves the table or gets stopped somewhere out of the men-like figures’ reach is dead ball. Expert players have been known to move balls at speeds up to 56 km/h (35 mph) in competition.
The rules prohibit "over 360-degree shots", or "spinning": using the palm of the hand to swiftly spin the bar all around, instead of using wrist strokes to kick the ball with a bar-mounted figure. Since the establishment of the International Table Soccer Federation (ITSF), the rules have become standardised in most international competitions. However, since January 2012, the annual World Championships and the World Cup have permitted two full 360-degree rotations.
The winner is determined when one team scores a predetermined number of goals, typically five, ten or eleven in competition. When playing Bonzini competitions, the target number of goals is seven and players must win by at least two clear goals. | 2 360-degree rotations are allowed since January 2012. | null | null | null | 3188 |
null | general_qa | What are three things I can do to be better at tennis? | While each player's skills, fitness, and experience will dictate what will give them the most improvement, here are three things that most tennis players can benefit from. First, move your feet and create space between you and the ball. Most power and consistency comes from the legs! Second, prepare early for your shots. Early, and proper, take back for the racket will reduce the amount of moving parts when you hit the ball. Third, don't forget to play some tennis. Practice makes perfect. | null | null | null | 3189 |
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null | summarization | Based on the text how does someone win in Texas Hold 'em? | Texas hold 'em (also known as Texas holdem, hold 'em, and holdem) is one of the most popular variants of the card game of poker. Two cards, known as hole cards, are dealt face down to each player, and then five community cards are dealt face up in three stages. The stages consist of a series of three cards ("the flop"), later an additional single card ("the turn" or "fourth street"), and a final card ("the river" or "fifth street"). Each player seeks the best five card poker hand from any combination of the seven cards; the five community cards and their two hole cards. Players have betting options to check, call, raise, or fold. Rounds of betting take place before the flop is dealt and after each subsequent deal. The player who has the best hand and has not folded by the end of all betting rounds wins all of the money bet for the hand, known as the pot. In certain situations, a "split-pot" or "tie" can occur when two players have hands of equivalent value. This is also called a "chop-pot". Texas hold 'em is also the H game featured in HORSE and in HOSE. | In Texas Hold 'em there are two main ways to win. You can win by obtaining the highest possible hand utilizing the two cards that only you possess (the hold cards) and the five community cards on the table, or you outlast the rest of the players after each round of betting without folding. There are sometimes ties and in those situations the pot is split evenly. | null | null | null | 3190 |
null | open_qa | What are the words of House Tallhart? | "Proud and Free" | null | null | null | 3191 |
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null | open_qa | What is random access memory? | Random access memory (RAM) is a type of computer memory used to store data that can be accessed quickly. It is also known as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and is used to store the instructions and data for a computer's operating system and applications. RAM is volatile memory, meaning it will lose its data if the power is turned off. It is also much faster than other types of memory such as hard disk drives and solid state drives. | null | null | null | 3192 |
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null | brainstorming | Make me a list of the first four Americans who landed on the moon. | The first four Americans who stepped foot on the moon were Neil Armstrong (Apollo 11), Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin (Apollo 11), Charles "Pete" Conrad (Apollo 12), and Alan Bean (Apollo 12). | null | null | null | 3193 |
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null | brainstorming | What colors would you use for a futuristic logo? | Colors such as blue, silver, grey and white evoke a feel of futurism and would be well suited to a futuristic logo. | null | null | null | 3194 |
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null | classification | At a restaurant that serves only vegan food, tell me whether each of the following items could be found in the kitchen or not: Butter, Eggs, Tofu, Chicken, Kale, Spinach, Peppers, Steak, Bread, Chickpeas, Pork | Butter: Could not be found in the kitchen
Eggs: Could not be found in the kitchen
Tofu: Could be found in the kitchen
Chicken: Could not be found in the kitchen
Kale: Could be found in the kitchen
Spinach: Could be found in the kitchen
Peppers: Could be found in the kitchen
Steak: Could not be found in the kitchen
Bread: Could be found in the kitchen
Chickpeas: Could be found in the kitchen
Pork: Could not be found in the kitchen | null | null | null | 3195 |
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null | information_extraction | How long did the Mughal empire last in India? | The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of Indian subcontinent between the 16th and 19th centuries. For some two hundred years, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus river basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India.It included present day areas of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh.
The Mughal empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a warrior chieftain from what is today Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboring Safavid and Ottoman empires, to defeat the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, in the First Battle of Panipat, and to sweep down the plains of North India. The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar. This imperial structure lasted until 1720, shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurangzeb, during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. Reduced subsequently to the region in and around Old Delhi by 1760, the empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Although the Mughal empire was created and sustained by military warfare, it did not vigorously suppress the cultures and peoples it came to rule; rather it equalized and placated them through new administrative practices and diverse ruling elites, leading to more efficient, centralised, and standardized rule. The base of the empire's collective wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the third Mughal emperor, Akbar. These taxes, which amounted to well over half the output of a peasant cultivator, were paid in the well-regulated silver currency, and caused peasants and artisans to enter larger markets.
The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the 17th century was a factor in India's economic expansion. The burgeoning European presence in the Indian Ocean, and its increasing demand for Indian raw and finished products, created still greater wealth in the Mughal courts. There was more conspicuous consumption among the Mughal elite, resulting in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture, especially during the reign of Shah Jahan. Among the Mughal UNESCO World Heritage Sites in South Asia are: Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort, Humayun's Tomb, Lahore Fort, Shalamar Gardens, and the Taj Mahal, which is described as "the jewel of Muslim art in India, and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage." | The Mughal empire was founded by Babur in 1526 and was dissolved by the British in 1857, a span of 331 years. | null | null | null | 3196 |
null | classification | Tell me which of these are shades of Blue that BWM paints their cars: Miami Blue, Laguna Seca Blue, Le Mans Blue, Interlagos Blue, Heritage Blue, Mexico Blue, Yas Marina Blue, Gulf Blue, Long Beach Blue. | Laguna Seca Blue, Le Mans Blue, Interlagos Blue, Yas Marina Blue, Long Beach Blue | null | null | null | 3197 |
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null | creative_writing | Write a short, polite but forceful letter to the City of Toronto requesting they waive their assessed penalty for late submission of the annual home vacancy declaration, which was impossible to file due to an overwhelmed web portal and incorrect backend data for my home. | To Whom It May Concern: I was unable to complete the filing of my home vacancy declaration by the deadline, and was assessed a penalty for the late submission. I faced numerous problems during submission due to your overwhelmed web portal, and even once I passed that barrier, I then faced incorrect data about my account that made it impossible to complete the process. I would appreciate if you would waive the assessed penalty due to these circumstances. I sympathesize with the difficulties you faced with the roll out of this system, and look forward to what will surely be a smoother process next year. Sincerely, Signed. | null | null | null | 3198 |
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null | open_qa | What is Mr. Burn's assistant name on the Simpsons? | Smithers | null | null | null | 3199 |
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