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null | closed_qa | What enabled Libya to obtain rapid economic growth prior to 1990? | Upon independence an overwhelming majority of Africans lived in extreme poverty. The continent suffered from the lack of infrastructural or industrial development under colonial rule, along with political instability. With limited financial resources or access to global markets, relatively stable countries such as Kenya still experienced only very slow economic development. Only a handful of African countries succeeded in obtaining rapid economic growth prior to 1990. Exceptions include Libya and Equatorial Guinea, both of which possess large oil reserves. | Libya possessed large oil reserves enabling it to experience rapid economic growth. | null | null | null | 3500 |
null | summarization | Summarize the four basic principles of GAAP accounting | To achieve basic objectives and implement fundamental qualities, GAAP has four basic assumptions, four basic principles, and four basic constraints.
Assumptions
Business Entity: assumes that the business is separate from its owners or other businesses. Revenue and expense should be kept separate from personal expenses.
Going Concern: assumes that the business will be in operation indefinitely. This validates the methods of asset capitalization, depreciation, and amortization. Only when liquidation is certain this assumption is not applicable. The business will continue to exist in the unforeseeable future.
Monetary Unit principle: assumes a stable currency is going to be the unit of record. The FASB accepts the nominal value of the US Dollar as the monetary unit of record unadjusted for inflation.
Time-period principle: implies that the economic activities of an enterprise can be divided into artificial time periods.
Principles
Historical cost principle: requires companies to account and report assets and liabilities acquisition costs rather than fair market value. This principle provides information that is reliable (removing opportunity to provide subjective and potentially biased market values), but not very relevant. Thus there is a trend to use fair values. Most debts and securities are now reported at market values.
Revenue recognition principle: holds that companies should record revenue when earned but not when received. The flow of cash does not have any bearing on the recognition of revenue. This is the essence of accrual basis accounting. Conversely, however, losses must be recognized when their occurrence becomes probable, whether or not it has actually occurred. This comports with the constraint of conservatism, yet brings it into conflict with the constraint of consistency, in that reflecting revenues/gains is inconsistent with the way in which losses are reflected.
Matching principle: expenses have to be matched with revenues as long as it is reasonable to do so. Expenses are recognized not when the work is performed, or when a product is produced, but when the work or the product actually makes its contribution to revenue. Only if no connection with revenue can be established, cost may be charged as expenses to the current period (e.g., office salaries and other administrative expenses). This principle allows greater evaluation of actual profitability and performance (shows how much was spent to earn revenue). Depreciation and Cost of Goods Sold are good examples of application of this principle.
Full disclosure principle: Amount and kinds of information disclosed should be decided based on trade-off analysis as a larger amount of information costs more to prepare and use. Information disclosed should be enough to make a judgment while keeping costs reasonable. Information is presented in the main body of financial statements, in the notes or as supplementary information
Constraints
Objectivity principle: The company financial statements provided by the accountants should be based on objective evidence.
Materiality principle: The significance of an item should be considered when it is reported. An item is considered significant when it would affect the decision of a reasonable individual.
Consistency principle: The company uses the same accounting principles and methods from period to period.
Conservatism principle: When choosing between two solutions, the one which has the less favorable outcome is the solution which should be chosen (see convention of conservatism)
Cost Constraint: The benefits of reporting financial information should justify and be greater than the costs imposed on supplying it. | The four basic principles of GAAP accounting are:
1. Historical Cost Principle: Accounting and reporting assets and liabilities acquisition costs instead of their fair market value
2. Revenue Recognition Principle: Record revenue when earned instead of received
3. Matching Principle: Expenses must be matched with revenues
4. Full Disclosure Principle: The amount of information disclosed must be based on a trade-off analysis between cost and transparency | null | null | null | 3501 |
null | brainstorming | Give me a list of the top US mobile service providers | The top US mobile service providers are:
Verizon
T-Mobile
Sprint
AT&T
Google
Mint
Cricket | null | null | null | 3502 |
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null | open_qa | Bioinformatics | Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, in particular when the data sets are large and complex. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology, chemistry, physics, computer science, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to analyze and interpret the biological data. Bioinformatics has been used for in silico analyses of biological queries using computational and statistical techniques.
Bioinformatics includes biological studies that use computer programming as part of their methodology, as well as specific analysis "pipelines" that are repeatedly used, particularly in the field of genomics. Common uses of bioinformatics include the identification of candidates genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Often, such identification is made with the aim to better understand the genetic basis of disease, unique adaptations, desirable properties (esp. in agricultural species), or differences between populations. In a less formal way, bioinformatics also tries to understand the organizational principles within nucleic acid and protein sequences, called proteomics.
Image and signal processing allow extraction of useful results from large amounts of raw data. In the field of genetics, it aids in sequencing and annotating genomes and their observed mutations. It plays a role in the text mining of biological literature and the development of biological and gene ontologies to organize and query biological data. It also plays a role in the analysis of gene and protein expression and regulation. Bioinformatics tools aid in comparing, analyzing and interpreting genetic and genomic data and more generally in the understanding of evolutionary aspects of molecular biology. At a more integrative level, it helps analyze and catalogue the biological pathways and networks that are an important part of systems biology. In structural biology, it aids in the simulation and modeling of DNA, RNA, proteins as well as biomolecular interactions. | null | null | null | 3503 |
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null | general_qa | Why do kids like to play video games so much these days? | First, video games are fun and very addictive. The game is designed to transport us to new realities and satisfy our needs for achievement and recognition. Especially most of the young generation plays online games, they use that as a social activity to hang out and make new friends. In addition, kids now have fewer outdoor activities and stay home longer than before. so playing video games is the easiest way to entertain themselves and engage with their friends. | null | null | null | 3504 |
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null | information_extraction | From the passage provided, extract the name of the 37th speaker of the House of Commons of Canada | The speaker of the House of Commons (French: président de la Chambre des communes) is the presiding officer of the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. A member of Parliament (MP), they are elected at the beginning of each new parliament by fellow MPs. The speaker's role in presiding over Canada's House of Commons is similar to that of speakers elsewhere in other countries that use the Westminster system.
The 37th and current speaker of the House of Commons is Anthony Rota, since December 5, 2019. The speaker with the longest tenure is Peter Milliken who was elected for four consecutive terms lasting 10 years, 124 days. | The 37th and current speaker of the House of Commons is Anthony Rota | null | null | null | 3505 |
null | creative_writing | Write a paragraph highlighting the rise of cyber crime, and the vulnerability of people who are unaware of the risks (or careless), and end the note with a single line on suggested steps. | We live in a digital age. Whilebmost humans have used the internet or a digitally connected application atleast once in their lifetime, many people are perennially online. This includes scenarios of office workers working from home, or students attending courses and seminars online. People often blindly trust technology blindly, and consequently all their passwords, credit card information, social security and other personally identifiable information is available on their computers and mobile devices. This provides new opportunities for hackers, and cyber crime has become a major menace to the digital economy, as more rogue operators realise it is an easy way to make money.
Apart from having robust laws, we need to educate all users to be aware of the risks and take adequate precautions including using a virtual private network, using tough-to-guess passwords, and more. | null | null | null | 3506 |
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null | open_qa | Name four Ivy League schools. | Four Ivy League schools are Dartmouth, Brown, Princeton, and Yale. | null | null | null | 3507 |
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null | general_qa | Why do Germans love their cars? | Germans spend a lot of money on their cars. Whether by leasing or buying. It is a kind of status symbol and German engineering is memorized every day via advertising or even cars driving around. Many sports car manufacturers like Porsche or even Mercedes manage to attract more and more clientele through their pricing and advertising through social media, serving not only the rich society. | null | null | null | 3508 |
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null | open_qa | When will George R.R. Martin release the sixth book in the series "A Song of Ice and Fire"? | No release date has been announced yet for the sixth book titled "The Winds of Winter." Author George R.R. Martin previously indicated on various occasions that it would be released in 2016, then 2017, then 2018. In October 2022, he appeared on "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert" and said that approximately three-quarters of the novel had been written. | null | null | null | 3509 |
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null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kecer, Saz | Saz is string, Kecer is percussion. | null | null | null | 3510 |
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null | open_qa | What is the "iron curtain"? | Winston Churchill first mentioned the word "iron curtain" during his speech on March 5, 1946: "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow." In Churchill's mind, the "iron curtain" defines the boundary which separates western European countries under US influence and eastern European countries under Soviet Control. This was further solidified by the creation of the Berlin wall and the Soviet supported Communist governments that ruled over eastern European countries throughout the cold war. After the collapse of Soviet Union, the iron curtain disappeared as many eastern European countries topped their Communist governments and joined the Western sphere of influence. | null | null | null | 3511 |
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null | open_qa | Name three different cuts of steak from a cow. | Three different cuts of steak from a cow are ribeye, sirloin, and filet. | null | null | null | 3512 |
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null | summarization | Please give me summary of the below graph in not more than 2 line. | Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence of humans and other animals. Example tasks in which this is done include speech recognition, computer vision, translation between (natural) languages, as well as other mappings of inputs.
AI applications include advanced web search engines (e.g., Google Search), recommendation systems (used by YouTube, Amazon, and Netflix), understanding human speech (such as Siri and Alexa), self-driving cars (e.g., Waymo), generative or creative tools (ChatGPT and AI art), automated decision-making, and competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go).
As machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered to require "intelligence" are often removed from the definition of AI, a phenomenon known as the AI effect. For instance, optical character recognition is frequently excluded from things considered to be AI, having become a routine technology.
Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1956, and in the years since it has experienced several waves of optimism, followed by disappointment and the loss of funding (known as an "AI winter"), followed by new approaches, success, and renewed funding. AI research has tried and discarded many different approaches, including simulating the brain, modeling human problem solving, formal logic, large databases of knowledge, and imitating animal behavior. In the first decades of the 21st century, highly mathematical and statistical machine learning has dominated the field, and this technique has proved highly successful, helping to solve many challenging problems throughout industry and academia.
The various sub-fields of AI research are centered around particular goals and the use of particular tools. The traditional goals of AI research include reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, learning, natural language processing, perception, and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence (the ability to solve an arbitrary problem) is among the field's long-term goals. To solve these problems, AI researchers have adapted and integrated a wide range of problem-solving techniques, including search and mathematical optimization, formal logic, artificial neural networks, and methods based on statistics, probability, and economics. AI also draws upon computer science, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and many other fields.
The field was founded on the assumption that human intelligence "can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it". This raised philosophical arguments about the mind and the ethical consequences of creating artificial beings endowed with human-like intelligence; these issues have previously been explored by myth, fiction, and philosophy since antiquity. Computer scientists and philosophers have since suggested that AI may become an existential risk to humanity if its rational capacities are not steered towards beneficial goals. The term artificial intelligence has also been criticized for overhyping AI's true technological capabilities. | Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines rather than Intelligence of species and this AI is being used in some application like advanced web search engines, recommendation systems, understanding human speech, self-driving car, generative or creative tools but like every coin has two face AI also raise ethical consequences of creating artificial beings endowed with human-like intelligence | null | null | null | 3513 |
null | closed_qa | To which species does Allium desertorum belong | Allium desertorum is a species of onion found in Israel, Jordan, Palestine, and Egypt (including Sinai). It is a small bulb-forming perennial; flowers are white with purple midveins along the tepals. | Allium desertorum is a species of onion. | null | null | null | 3514 |
null | open_qa | In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Longwaters? | The founder of Longwaters is only known as a knight and son of Ser Jon Waters. He is only known as Longwaters. | null | null | null | 3515 |
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null | general_qa | What is an audible? | An audible can be used to describe how one can be prepared for changing circumstances. When asked an unexpected question, one is able to pivot their prepared response for another. | null | null | null | 3516 |
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null | brainstorming | Who are the top NFL Quarterbacks? | Tom Brady
Peyton Manning
Drew Brees
Aaron Rodgers
Josh Allen
Patrick Mahomes
Jalen Hurts
Lamar Jackson
Russell Wilson
Philip Rivers
Eli Manning
Justin Herbert | null | null | null | 3517 |
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null | open_qa | Who was the prime minister of Spain when Spain joined NATO? | Spain joined NATO by referendum in 1986. The prime minister of Spain at the time was Felipe Gonzalez. | null | null | null | 3518 |
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null | closed_qa | What's the oldest capital in the world? | Damascus (/dəˈmæskəs/ də-MASS-kəs, UK also /dəˈmɑːskəs/ də-MAH-skəs; Arabic: دمشق, romanized: Dimashq, IPA: ) is the capital of Syria, the oldest capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam. Known colloquially in Syria as aš-Šām (الشَّام) and dubbed, poetically, the "City of Jasmine" (مَدِينَةُ الْيَاسْمِينِ Madīnat al-Yāsmīn), Damascus is a major cultural center of the Levant and the Arab world. | Damascus | null | null | null | 3519 |
null | summarization | Who is the company Roche | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, commonly known as Roche, is a Swiss multinational healthcare company that operates worldwide under two divisions: Pharmaceuticals and Diagnostics. Its holding company, Roche Holding AG, has shares listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. The company headquarters are located in Basel. Roche is the fifth largest pharmaceutical company in the world by revenue, and the leading provider of cancer treatments globally. | null | null | null | 3520 |
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null | summarization | Summarize is Rentala Madhubala | Rentala Madhubala is an Indian scientist who studied molecular parasitology and functional genomics. She is the director of the Academic Staff College in Jawaharlal Nehru University. She was the Dean at the School of Life Sciences and the director of the Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility there. | Rentala Madhubala is an Indian scientist who studied molecular parasitology and functional genomics, director of the Academic Staff College in Jawaharlal Nehru University, Director of the Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility and Dean at the School of Life Sciences. | null | null | null | 3521 |
null | closed_qa | Where did David Leatherbarrow receive his PhD from? | David Leatherbarrow is Professor of Architecture and Chair of the Graduate Group in Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania School of Design, Philadelphia, where he has taught since 1984. He received his B.Arch. from the University of Kentucky and holds a Ph.D. in Art from the University of Essex. He has also taught in England, at Cambridge University and the University of Westminster (formerly the Polytechnic of Central London). | University of Essex | null | null | null | 3522 |
null | closed_qa | Is Horsfieldia nervos a plant or animal? | Horsfieldia nervosa is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo where it is confined to Sarawak. | plant | null | null | null | 3523 |
null | open_qa | Who was Severus Snape secretly in love with? | Snape loved Lily Potter. | null | null | null | 3524 |
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null | information_extraction | Summarize who is Romulo Gallegos | Rómulo Ángel del Monte Carmelo Gallegos Freire (2 August 1884 – 5 April 1969) was a Venezuelan novelist and politician. For a period of nine months during 1948, he governed as the first freely elected president in Venezuela's history. He was removed from power by military officers in the 1948 Venezuelan coup.
Rómulo Gallegos is considered the most relevant Venezuelan novelist of the 20th century, and a prominent figure in Latin American literature. | Rómulo Ángel del Monte Carmelo Gallegos Freire was a Venezuelan novelist and politician. For a period of nine months during 1948, he governed as the first freely elected president in Venezuela's history. He was removed from power by military officers in the 1948 Venezuelan coup. | null | null | null | 3525 |
null | general_qa | What is the biggest fish in the ocean? | Whale Sharks are the biggest fish in the ocean coming in at 23 feet. Several species of whales are much larger, but they are technically mammals. | null | null | null | 3526 |
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null | open_qa | What does someone mean when they say “flip him the bird”? | The phrase refers to pointing a middle finger at someone in order to swear at them. This colloquial form of profanity was popularized by Robin Williams in the movie Good Morning Vietnam. | null | null | null | 3527 |
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null | summarization | Who is Oji Hiroi | Oji Hiroi (広井 王子, Hiroi Ōji, born 8 February 1954), real name Teruhisa Hiroi (廣井 照久, Hiroi Teruhisa), is an author and video game developer. He co-authored Samurai Crusader with Ryoichi Ikegami. He also created the Far East of Eden and Sakura Wars role-playing video game franchises, and wrote the Sakura Wars manga. | Oji Hiroi, born 8 February 1954), real name Teruhisa Hiroi, is an author and video game developer. He co-authored Samurai Crusader with Ryoichi Ikegami. He also created the Far East of Eden and Sakura Wars role-playing video game franchises, and wrote the Sakura Wars manga. | null | null | null | 3528 |
null | brainstorming | What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of a broken mind. | 1. A broken mind is like a rusty hinge, capable of opening up new possibilities.
2. A broken mind is like a cracked mirror, reflecting a distorted view of reality.
3. A broken mind is like a sieve, allowing ideas to pass through and filter out the important ones.
4. A broken mind is like a pebble in a stream, providing a gentle nudge to go in a new direction.
5. A broken mind is like a silent voice, conveying a message that is not always heard. | null | null | null | 3529 |
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null | general_qa | Why is Manchester United the best football team in England? | Manchester United is the most successful club in England because they have won the most domestic trophies and have the largest fan base in the world | null | null | null | 3530 |
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null | open_qa | Who was the 45th President of the United States of America? | Donald J. Trump was the 45th President of the United States of America | null | null | null | 3531 |
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null | open_qa | What is the most played popular and most played instrument in the world? | The piano is the most played instrument in the world as it extremely versatile and covers the full spectrum range of low and high notes. | null | null | null | 3532 |
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null | closed_qa | Is Divine Child High School a private or public school? | Divine Child High School, commonly known as Divine Child (DC), is a private, Roman Catholic, college-preparatory, parish high school in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. Divine Child is a highly ranked private high school in Michigan, scoring in the top 15 percent of private schools in the State. Notably, it is the seventh-largest private high school in Michigan and the largest co-educational Catholic high school in the State. | private school | null | null | null | 3533 |
null | general_qa | Haven't you always believed that Earth is flat? | No, I never believed that Earth is flat. The Earth is an irregularly shaped Ellipsoid. | null | null | null | 3534 |
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null | open_qa | What is Crohn's Disease and what are some of the symptoms? | Crohn's Disease is a form of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBS) that effects parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Symptoms could include abdominal pain, weight loss and diarrhea among others. Bowel obstruction may occur due to the inflammation. | null | null | null | 3535 |
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null | information_extraction | What is the Zhou Dynasty? | Dynasties in Chinese history, or Chinese dynasties, were hereditary monarchical regimes that ruled over China during much of its history. From the legendary inauguration of dynastic rule by Yu the Great circa 2070 BC to the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor on 12 February 1912 in the wake of the Xinhai Revolution, China was ruled by a series of successive dynasties. Dynasties of China were not limited to those established by ethnic Han—the dominant Chinese ethnic group—and its predecessor, the Huaxia tribal confederation, but also included those founded by non-Han peoples.
Dividing Chinese history into periods ruled by dynasties is a convenient method of periodization. Accordingly, a dynasty may be used to delimit the era during which a family reigned, as well as to describe events, trends, personalities, artistic compositions, and artifacts of that period. For example, porcelain made during the Ming dynasty may be referred to as "Ming porcelain". The word "dynasty" is usually omitted when making such adjectival references.
The longest-reigning orthodox dynasty of China was the Zhou dynasty, ruling for a total length of 789 years, albeit it is divided into the Western Zhou and the Eastern Zhou in Chinese historiography, and its power was drastically reduced during the latter part of its rule. The largest orthodox Chinese dynasty in terms of territorial size was either the Yuan dynasty or the Qing dynasty, depending on the historical source.[ | The Zhou Dynasty was the longest ruling Chinese monarchical regime, ruling China for a total of 789 years. | null | null | null | 3536 |
null | general_qa | Tell me about plant life cycle | Like any living being, a plant is programmed for its specie to last over generations.
With winter coming, the plant will generate seeds, what is called « fructification ».
These seeds are basically a strong capsule containing the plant’s genetic material and enough energy for the germ to grow the first leaf which will start photosynthesis.
The energy contained in the seed is stabilised under the form of starch. It is basically a long chain of sugar polymerised.
During winter, the seed hibernate, but when spring comes, specific weather conditions (humidity, temperature) degrade the starch and release elementary sugar molecules for the new growing plant to create its first leaf.
Chlorophyll contained in leaves will enable the plant to produce its own energy; glucose sugar, from carbon dioxyde, water and light, and continue to grow, until the next cycle.
There is a bit of magic with plants: creating oxygen and energy from air and sun! | null | null | null | 3537 |
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null | open_qa | What is the difference between electric guitar and acoustic guitar? | At a fundamental level, an Electric guitar produces sound through electricity, while Acoustic guitar produces sound through vibration by strumming the strings. The sound produced by an Acoustic guitar is fuller or more round, while the sound produced by an Electric guitar is more sharp and it can be amplified to make it louder. | null | null | null | 3538 |
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null | information_extraction | Extract the listed ingredients involved in the making of Sourdough bread, in a comma separated list | Sourdough baking requires minimal equipment and simple ingredients – flour, salt, and water – but invites practice. Purism is a part of the appeal. As described by one enthusiast, "If you take flour, water, (wild) yeast and salt, and play around with time and temperature, what comes out of the oven is something utterly transformed." Many bakers feed their starters on elaborate schedules, and many name them. Some approach sourdough as science, attempting to optimize flavor and acidity with careful measurements, experimentation, and correspondence with professional microbiologists. Some lineages of starter are freely shared, and others can be purchased, but many prefer to cultivate their own. Some techniques for doing so are fiercely debated, such as the use of commercial yeast to jump-start a culture while capturing wild yeasts, or adding grapes or milk. | flour, salt, water, yeast or starter | null | null | null | 3539 |
null | brainstorming | Name some of the best Taylor Swift songs | Anti-Hero, You Belong With Me, Blank Space, All Too Well (10 Minute Version), Champagne Problems, Love Story | null | null | null | 3540 |
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null | brainstorming | What are all the different evolutions for Eevee in Pokemon GO? | Eevee has eight different evolutions including Espeon, Vaporeon, Flareon, Jolteon, Leafeon, Glaceon, Umbreon and Sylveon. | null | null | null | 3541 |
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null | general_qa | Why is "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" used so often to show fonts? | "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" contains all the letters in the English alphabet in a complete sentence. By showing that sentence in a particular font style, you see all the letters, and also see how it displays a particular sentence. | null | null | null | 3542 |
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null | brainstorming | What are three ways to camp. | Tent camping, car camping, cabin camping | null | null | null | 3543 |
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null | brainstorming | Provide a list of signs that you have won at life | 1. Your house is paid off
2. Your student loans are paid off
3. You are emotionally and physically healthy
4. You have meaningful relationships
5. You respect and love yourself
6. Your kids and spouse are content
7. You are comfortably retired | null | null | null | 3544 |
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null | open_qa | What are the words of House Mooton? | "Wisdom and Strength" | null | null | null | 3545 |
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null | general_qa | What kind of activity do good sales people do? | Good sales people build good relationships first by questioning and finding their interest. Then, they stat discovery questions. They don’t start product presentation until they finish discovery and find a space to listen in their customers. When they give some discovery questions they often use SPIN. S stands for situational questions, P stands for problem questions, I stands for Implication questions, N stands for need questions.
When they talk about their products they always how this product solves customers problems. They mention “You” or customer name frequently so that the customer imagine how they can change by that product. | null | null | null | 3546 |
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null | summarization | What is the minimum weight of a coswain? | It is an advantage for the coxswain to be light as this requires less effort for the crew to propel the boat. In many competitive events there is a minimum weight, 55 kilograms (121 lb) under World Rowing rules, set for the coxswain to prevent unfair advantage. If a coxswain is under the minimum weight allowance (underweight), they may have to carry weights in the boat such as sandbags. | The minimum weight of a coxswain if 55 kilograms (121 pounds) under World Rowing rules. | null | null | null | 3547 |
null | open_qa | Who is the best all-time soccer player? | It is hard to say and very subjective among fans of different clubs and nationalities. But, it would be safe to say that the best all-time soccer player is among the following list: Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, Maradona, and Pele. | null | null | null | 3548 |
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null | open_qa | What was Elvis Presley's first No. 1 hit in the United States? | "Heartbreak Hotel". | null | null | null | 3549 |
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null | open_qa | List some of the minor houses in the series "A Song of Ice and Fire." | Florent, Caron, Graceford, Jordayne, Piper, Penrose, Waxley, Wydman, Wensington | null | null | null | 3550 |
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null | information_extraction | Based on the above passage name some of the companies which specialize in large-scale construction of the infrastructure to support oil field exploitation. Display the results in a comma separated format. | An oil field is an area of accumulation of liquid oil underground in multiple (potentially linked) reservoirs, trapped as it rises by impermeable rock formations. In industrial terms, an oil field implies that there is economic benefit worthy of commercial attention. Oil fields themselves may extend up to several hundred kilometers across the surface, meaning that extraction efforts can be large and spread out across the area. In addition to extraction equipment, there may be exploratory wells probing the edges to find more reservoir area, pipelines to transport the oil elsewhere, and support facilities.
Oil fields can occur anywhere that the geology of the underlying rock allows, meaning that certain fields can be far away from civilization, including at sea. Creating an operation at an oil field can be a logistically complex undertaking, as it involves not only the equipment associated with extraction and transportation, but infrastructure such as roads and housing for workers. This infrastructure has to be designed with the lifespan of the oil field in mind, as production can last many years. Several companies, such as Hill International, Bechtel, Esso, Weatherford International, Schlumberger Limited, Baker Hughes and Halliburton, have organizations that specialize in the large-scale construction of the infrastructure to support oil field exploitation. | Hill International, Bechtel, Esso, Weatherford International, Schlumberger Limited, Baker Hughes, Halliburton | null | null | null | 3551 |
null | closed_qa | Which team was relegated from the league at the conclusion of the 1991 Season? | Waterside Karori were relegated at the end of the 1990 season, to be replaced by the winner of a play-off series between teams from the northern, central, and southern leagues (Mount Albert-Ponsonby, Nelson United, and Burndale United respectively). Nelson United won the series to gain promotion, but there is some controversy about their participation in the play-offs as they had only finished second in the central regional league, which was won by Petone.
Gisborne City were relegated at the end of the 1991 season | Gisborne City were relegated at the end of the 1991 season. | null | null | null | 3552 |
null | open_qa | Which is the best soccer team of all time? | It is hard to say since there could be multiple rankings to answer this question.
Assuming the best soccer players end up playing in Europe, we could take into consideration the European Champions League winners. Using this ranking, Real Madrid, having won 14 trophies, could be considered the best soccer team in the world.
Alternatively, Fifa awarded Real Madrid the “soccer club of the 20th century” after winning a popular poll with 42.35% of the votes.
Everything around soccer teams is very subjective and feelings could play a big part for everyone's answer. | null | null | null | 3553 |
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null | classification | Which of the following countries do not follow the rectangular-shaped flag standard that most every other country does: Nepal, South Africa, Japan, South Korea, Vatican City, Switzerland, Vietnam, Australia | Nepal, Vatican City, Switzerland | null | null | null | 3554 |
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null | general_qa | I am thinking of going to yoga. What type of class is good for me? | It depends upon many factors. If you are a beginner there are low heat classes like yin or hatha or restore. If you would like a good workout, you can go to a high heat vinyasa class. | null | null | null | 3555 |
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null | general_qa | What is the best skill in judo? | Judo is a martial art, consistency, and dedication should be your doctrine if you want to succeed. In Japan, you could stay white belt for ten years before reaching the first dan grade, which stands for black belt level 1. This could be a bit disappointing for common standards, so in the rest of the world, to encourage practitioners and demonstrate progress, a belt colors system has been created.
Anyone can practice, at any age. Strength is important in competition, but the real spirit would be to rely on using the strength of the opponent, breaking balance with swift movements, and using your body to block, push, rotate, and endless combinations of posture to conclude the movement by a clean and controlled projection. | null | null | null | 3556 |
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null | open_qa | What is called a Capital charge in finance? | If a unit trust manager takes the management charges out of the fund's capital instead of the income it has generated, it is called a capital charge. | null | null | null | 3557 |
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null | information_extraction | Extract the most recent owner of the Seattle Storm from this Wikipedia article. | Owners
Further information: Category:Seattle Storm owners
Barry and Ginger Ackerley, owners of the Seattle SuperSonics (2000–2001)
Howard Schultz, owner of the Seattle SuperSonics (2001–2006)
Clay Bennett, owner of the Seattle SuperSonics (2007)
Force 10 Hoops LLC, composed of Dawn Trudeau, Lisa Brummel, Ginny Gilder (2008–present) | The current owner of the Seattle Storm is Force | null | null | null | 3558 |
null | brainstorming | Give me a bulleted list of the past 10 Masters Tournament Champions. | Scottie Scheffler
Hideki Matsuyama
Dustin Johnson
Tiger Woods
Patrick Reed
Sergio García
Danny Willett
Jordan Spieth
Bubba Watson
Adam Scott | null | null | null | 3559 |
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null | open_qa | What is COBOL used for? | COBOL was designed for business computer programs in industries such as finance and human resources. Unlike some high-level computer programming languages, COBOL uses English words and phrases to make it easier for ordinary business users to understand. | null | null | null | 3560 |
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null | classification | Who amongst these are cricketers: Virat Kohli, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal,
Novak Djokovic, Serena Williams, Andre Agassi, Sachin Tendulkar, Ricky Ponting, Anil Kumble, Harmanpreet Kaur, Mithali Raj, Sarah Taylor. | Virat Kohli, Sachin Tendulkar, Ricky Ponting, Anil Kumble, Harmanpreet Kaur, Mithali Raj, Sarah Taylor are cricketers. | null | null | null | 3561 |
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null | information_extraction | What are the chess pieces that a player starts out with? | Chess pieces are divided into two different colored sets. While the sets might not be literally white and black (e.g. the light set may be a yellowish or off-white color, the dark set may be brown or red), they are always referred to as "white" and "black". The players of the sets are referred to as White and Black, respectively. Each set consists of sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. Chess sets come in a wide variety of styles; for competition, the Staunton pattern is preferred.
The game is played on a square board of eight rows (called ranks) and eight columns (called files). By convention, the 64 squares alternate in color and are referred to as light and dark squares; common colors for chessboards are white and brown, or white and dark green. | 8 pawns, 2 knights, 2 bishops, 2 rooks, 1 queen, and 1 king | null | null | null | 3562 |
null | general_qa | How to evict a tenant in California | 1. Give the tenant the initial notice which clearly state the issue and what is required of them to resolve it. There must be a valid reason for eviction such as failure to pay rent, lease violation, unlawful activities, property damages.
2. Post the notice with a deadline for the tenant to respond
3. Once the deadline has passed, you can file with the court by filling out the Summons and Complaint for unlawful detainer forms
4. Once your tenant is notified, they will have five days to respond. If they do not respond, you can ask for default judgement which allow you to order the sheriff to remove the tenant from the property and the court will order the tenant to pay for court and attorney fees. If the tenant files a response or you do not receive default judgement, you will go to trial.
5. The judge will make a decision after hearing both sides. The judge will either ask the tenant to vacate or allow them to remain in the property. | null | null | null | 3563 |
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null | summarization | From this passage, what is the main benefit of TCP? | At the lower levels of the protocol stack, due to network congestion, traffic load balancing, or unpredictable network behaviour, IP packets may be lost, duplicated, or delivered out of order. TCP detects these problems, requests re-transmission of lost data, rearranges out-of-order data and even helps minimize network congestion to reduce the occurrence of the other problems. If the data still remains undelivered, the source is notified of this failure. Once the TCP receiver has reassembled the sequence of octets originally transmitted, it passes them to the receiving application. Thus, TCP abstracts the application's communication from the underlying networking details. | TCP attempts to ensure that data is sent in the proper order under non-optimal and unpredictable network conditions, and informs the source if it was not successful. | null | null | null | 3564 |
null | closed_qa | Is black hole truly black? | A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, including light or other electromagnetic waves, has enough energy to escape its event horizon. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole. The boundary of no escape is called the event horizon. Although it has a great effect on the fate and circumstances of an object crossing it, it has no locally detectable features according to general relativity. In many ways, a black hole acts like an ideal black body, as it reflects no light. Moreover, quantum field theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit Hawking radiation, with the same spectrum as a black body of a temperature inversely proportional to its mass. This temperature is of the order of billionths of a kelvin for stellar black holes, making it essentially impossible to observe directly. | According to general relativity, a black hole emits no lights at all. Thus it is 100% black by definition. However, when quantum effects are included, a black hole has finite temperature, emitting lights called Hawking radiation. In this sense, a black hole is not truly black. | null | null | null | 3565 |
null | open_qa | Why do people need sleep? | Sleep is necessary for your overall health and well-being. Sleep is even so important not enough sleep can actually kill you. Sleep enables the body engage in processes that help rejuvenate the body through better mental and physical performance. A good night of rest will give you higher energy levels, better mood, clearer thinking and concentration. | null | null | null | 3566 |
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null | brainstorming | What are some quick dinners that I can make during the week? | Some good ideas for quick dinners that you can make in 15-30 min or less include several pasta dishes like carbonara, basil pesto and pasta Alfredo or dishes that come quickly together like Chinese style fried rice to which you can add different proteins like shrimp, chicken or meat or tofu if you'd rather go for a vegetarian option. Salads are also a good candidate for quick dinners since you can be quite flexible in your combinations and usually do not require to heat up or cook any of the ingredients. | null | null | null | 3567 |
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null | open_qa | How many continents are in the world? | There are seven continents in the world | null | null | null | 3568 |
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null | general_qa | Who is the St Louis Cardinals? | The St Louis Cardinals is a major league baseball team that play's in the national league central division. | null | null | null | 3569 |
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null | brainstorming | How can I get people to like me? | It's important to remember that not everyone will like you in this world, no matter how great you are. So don't be discouraged if you find someone doesn't like you as much as you think they should.
Here are some tips for getting people to like you:
- Ask them questions about themselves: People enjoy talking about themselves and if you ask them thoughtful questions they will see that you are a caring person who pays attention to them.
- Read social cues: It's important to be able to understand when someone is not interested in what you are talking about. If you find someone you're talking to is looking around the room and giving you short responses, you should try and steer the conversation in a different direction to see if you can engage them.
- Have a sense of humor: Laughing with other people is a great way to create bonds. You can try to be a little self-deprecating or just make innocent jokes about your situation. But be careful to not alienate people with humor if you don't know them well. Jokes about religion, politics, and other people might not go over well with some people. | null | null | null | 3570 |
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null | classification | Tell me whether these are found at the beach or on a mountains: ocean, ski resort, chair lift, shell, seaweed, hiking trail | Ocean: Beach
Ski Resort: Mountain
Chair Lift: Mountain
Shell: Beach
Seaweed: Beach
Hiking Trail: Mountain | null | null | null | 3571 |
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null | creative_writing | write a story about the first contact of Alien would be | The first contact with Alien will be a big event that the entire earth would remember for generations. the first thing that will determine the nature of this first contact depends who get to who first. Alien arrived to earth, or human discovered another planet with other civilisation. it is high likely that in either way, the first contact will be between robots of the more advanced civilisation and the the people of the less advanced civilisation. this is due to the fact that the high advanced civilization tends to explore other worlds using their robots first. | null | null | null | 3572 |
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null | open_qa | Why do sailboats have to tack upwind? | Modern sailboats use sails that act as foils, with pressure that increases on the inside of the foil higher than the outside of the foil, similar to an airplane wing and described by the Bernoulli effect. The sails must have an angle of attack that is perpendicular to the direction of the wind to be effective. Off the wind, or heading away from the wind, the sails can be eased out to maintain this angle. Heading into the wind, the boat can only get so close to the direction to keep the sails from becoming ineffective or "luffing." So to head in the general direction of the wind, a boat must tack at angles to the wind, to make its way in the direction of the wind. | null | null | null | 3573 |
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null | creative_writing | I need a bulleted list of a few things people like to do with trees. | - Read under one
- Plant some in a park
- Pick and eat its fruit
- Cut it for lumber | null | null | null | 3574 |
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null | creative_writing | Write a friendly complaint to an airline service about a poor experience with multiple issues and ask for points. | To whom it may concern; as a loyal member to your airline alliance, I was disappointed in the multiple issues I experienced on a recent flight. Your airline usually provides me with an exceptional experience but unfortunately this last travel journey was below par.
Firstly, my seat was broken and unable to recline. Given this was a red eye flight where I was hoping to get some rest, this limited my ability to do so.
Secondly, the Wifi I paid for was out for 4 out of 6 hours of the trip. So while awake without recline, I was unable to use that time effectively to email or communicate with friends and family.
Lastly, my checked bag took 45 minutes at the carousel. I know you have a policy where it should be 20 minutes or less.
I really enjoy flying with you and would like to hope this was a stroke of bad luck, and not reflective of your customer service and typical experience. I would appreciate as a goodwill 10,000 points into my account to make things right. I hope you consider my request.
Kind regards | null | null | null | 3575 |
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null | closed_qa | Given a reference text about George Watson Buck, tell me where he went to Quaker School and where he got a job in 1807. | George Watson Buck (1789–1854) was the engineer of the Montgomeryshire Canal in the early 19th century, and was responsible for the unique lock paddle design.
He was later resident engineer during the building of the London and Birmingham Railway, and also designed Stockport Viaduct and the Dane Valley Viaduct on the Manchester and Birmingham Railway.
Early life
Buck was born on 1 April 1789 at Stoke Holy Cross, near Norwich. His parents were Quakers and sent him, with his two brothers, to the Quaker School at Ackworth, West Yorkshire. With his schooling completed, his father placed him with a wholesaler at Tower Hill, London, as he wanted him to be involved in trade, but the position did not suit Buck, and so he looked for something else. Around 1807, the East London Waterworks Company were building Old Ford pumping station, which had been designed by Ralph Walker, and Buck managed to secure a job there. When the job was finished, Walker moved on to Farlington, to work on a water supply scheme for Portsmouth and Gosport. The scheme had been authorised by an Act of Parliament in 1809, and Buck went to work as resident engineer, reporting to Walker. The scheme suffered from an intermittent water supply, as did a competing scheme engineered by William Nicholson. | George Watson Buck went to Quaker School at Ackworth, West Yorkshire and got a job at the East London Waterworks Company in 1807. | null | null | null | 3576 |
null | information_extraction | Was Michael Flavin wealthy at the time he wrote Benjamin Disraeli? | Michael Flavin's Benjamin Disraeli: The Novel as a Political Discourse suggests that Venetia was largely a commercial endeavour for Disraeli, who was deep in debt at the time that he wrote it. | No, he was deep in debt at the time. | null | null | null | 3577 |
null | summarization | Where is the annual indoor rowing World Championship? | Ergometer rowing machines (colloquially ergs or ergo) simulate the rowing action and provide a means of training on land when waterborne training is restricted, and of measuring rowing fitness. Ergometers do not simulate the lateral balance challenges, the exact resistance of water, or the exact motions of true rowing including the sweep of the oar handles. For that reason ergometer scores are generally not used as the sole selection criterion for crews (colloquially "ergs don't float"), and technique training is limited to the basic body position and movements. However, this action can still allow a workout comparable to those experienced on the water. Indoor rowing has become popular as a sport in its own right with numerous indoor competitions (and the annual World Championship CRASH-B Sprints in Boston) during the winter off-season. | The indoor rowing world championship is held annually in Boston during the winter off-season. | null | null | null | 3578 |
null | general_qa | How did Andy Warhol create the "piss paintings"? | Andy Warhol created paintings in the 1970s by covering canvases with copper paint and having various staffers urinate on them. This created different colored splotches, pools, and lines. | null | null | null | 3579 |
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null | information_extraction | Extract a list of poems and the year they were published in the following form: {Poem name}: {Year published}
And sort the list chronologically | Piombino's first published poems appeared in 1965 in American Weave Literary Journal. Throughout the 1970s, he continued to publish in small literary journals, such as The World, Dodgems, Telephone, and Roof.
His first volume of poetry, titled simply Poems, was published by the Sun & Moon Press in 1988 and won an Author's Recognition Award from the Postgraduate Center for Mental Health in 1992.[citation needed] His second chapbook, Light Street, did not appear until 1996. It was followed by Theoretical Objects (1999), a collection of manifestos, aphorisms, essays, and seemingly autobiographical prose poems.
Piombino's poetry took a different turn with Hegelian Honeymoon (2004), in which he moved away from the conventions of Language poetry to explore more traditional forms. Inspired by the poetry that accompanied an exhibition of Japanese calligraphy, the poems are a cross between haiku and aphorism. The poems were originally published on the SUNY/Buffalo poetics list-serve before being published in chapbook form by Chax Press. | Sure, here is a chronologically-sorted list of poems and the year they were published:
Poems: 1988
Light Street: 1996
Theoretical Objects: 1999
Hegelian Honeymoon: 2004 | null | null | null | 3580 |
null | general_qa | What is the purpose of operating a motor vehicle? | The purpose of operating a motor vehicle is to get from point A to point B without incident, regardless of whose fault it might be. | null | null | null | 3581 |
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null | summarization | Who was Raghib Pasha? | Isma'il ibn Ahmad ibn Hassan bani Yani (Arabic: إسماعيل بن أحمد بن حسن بني يني), known simply as Isma'il Ragheb Pasha (Arabic: إسماعيل راغب باشا) (1819–1884), was a Greek Ottoman politician who served as a Prime Minister of Egypt and held several other high-ranking government positions.
Isma'il Ragheb was of Greek ancestry and was born in Greece on 18 August 1819 on either the island of Chios following the great massacre of Candia, Crete. After being kidnapped to Anatolia he was brought to Egypt as a slave by Ibrahim Pasha in 1830 and was converted to Islam. Immediately following his arrival, he studied at al-Maktab al-Amiri and obtained his advanced degree in 1834. He was fluent in Greek and was elevated to the rank of First Lieutenant by Egypt's viceroy Muhammad Ali Pasha. In 1836, he became head of the Accounting and Revenue Agencies. He was promoted to the rank of bikbashi (Lieutenant Colonel) in 1840, then kaymakam (Colonel) in 1844, and finally amiralay (Brigadier General) in 1846.[citation needed]
He held the positions of Minister of Finance (1858–1860), then Minister of War (1860–1861).[citation needed] He became Inspector for the Maritime Provinces in 1862, and later Assistant (Arabic: باشمعاون) to viceroy Isma'il Pasha (1863–1865). He was granted the title of beylerbey and then appointed President of the Privy council in 1868. He was appointed President of the Chamber of Deputies (1866–1867), then Minister of Interior in 1867, then Minister of Agriculture and Trade in 1875.[citation needed] He again held the Finance portfolio in Muhammad Sharif Pasha's first government (1879). After the fall of Mahmoud Sami el-Baroudi's government, Isma'il Ragheb became Prime Minister of Egypt in 1882.[citation needed] Although his government was short-lived (it lasted from 17 June to 21 August only), it was the only one to present concrete programs. His achievements include the modernisation of the budget through the inventory of revenues and expenses, the Law on Salaries, and the La'eha Sa'ideyya as well as several agricultural laws.[citation needed]
Isma'il Ragheb died in 1884.[citation needed] | Raghib Pasha was a Greek Ottoman politician who served in various roles in Egypt during the mid to late 1800s, including Prime Minister of Egypt for a brief period. | null | null | null | 3582 |
null | information_extraction | Extract the year that the Balloon typeface was created from the following Wikipedia article. | Balloon was a brush script commonly used for signage or display purposes. It was designed in 1939 by Max R. Kaufmann, for American Type Founders, in response to Howard Allen Trafton's Cartoon, cut for Bauer Type Foundry in 1936. It had no lowercase letters and was cast in Light, Bold, and Extra Bold. The two lighter weights were identical with Kaufmann Script and so could be used as alternate capitals for that face. It was most notably used in the Madeline books, TV series and film. The font was most famously known for the typeface of the Nickelodeon logo from late 1984 to 2009 in white letters with an orange splat background.
This font was digitized by the now-defunct Bitstream Inc. | Balloon typeface was created in 1939 by Max R. Kaufmann. | null | null | null | 3583 |
null | closed_qa | How many people died in the Cloquet fire of Illinois according to the text? | The Cloquet fire was an immense forest fire in northern Minnesota, United States in October 1918, caused by sparks on the local railroads and dry conditions. The fire left much of western Carlton County devastated, mostly affecting Moose Lake, Cloquet, and Kettle River. Cloquet was hit the hardest by the fires. It was the worst natural disaster in Minnesota history in terms of the number of casualties in a single day. In total, 453 people died and 52,000 people were injured or displaced, 38 communities were destroyed, 250,000 acres (100,000 ha) were burned, and $73 million ($1.315 billion in 2023 United States dollars) in property damage was suffered. Thirteen million dollars in federal aid were disbursed. | 453 people died in the Cloquet fire that occurred in northern Minnesota, United States in October 1918.
In addition to the 453 people that died, 52,000 people were injured or displaced, 38 communities were destroyed, 250,000 acres (100,000 ha) were burned, and $73 million ($1.315 billion in 2023 United States dollars) in property damage was suffered. | null | null | null | 3584 |
null | closed_qa | Given this paragraph, who was the first person to run the Western States 100 in under 24 hours? | The Western States Trail Ride was first completed on foot by seven soldiers from Fort Riley, Kansas during the 1972 event, proving that the mountain course could be marched in less than two days. In 1974 Gordy Ainsleigh was the first to run it in under 24 hours. Ainsleigh had finished the Western States Trail Ride (Tevis Cup) in 1971 and 1972 on horseback, but in 1973 his new horse was pulled with lameness at the 29-mile checkpoint. In 1974, with the inspiration and encouragement of Drucilla Barner, the first woman to win the Tevis Cup and Secretary of the Western States Trail Foundation, Gordy joined the horses of the Western States Trail Ride to see if he could complete the course on foot in under 24 hours. Twenty-three hours and forty-two minutes later Gordy arrived in Auburn, proving that a runner could cover the Western States trail in a day. However, he did not run 100 miles. The course was at most 89 miles until 1980 when it was extended to 93.5 miles and in 1985 finally to 100 miles. Running 100 miles in a day was nothing new. About 1,000 runners worldwide had run or walked 100 miles in a day prior to 1974 on tracks, roads, and trails. | In 1974 Gordy Ainsleigh was the first to run it in under 24 hours. | null | null | null | 3585 |
null | open_qa | What is a wallet used for? | A wallet is a flat pouch used to carry small person items. It can be made out of raw hide or some other material. It can be used to cary currency or money, credit cards, photos of family, insurance cards, and person identification. A wallet is helpful to organize different payment methods, and it used in most transactions that requirement a payment using a form of currency or credit. | null | null | null | 3586 |
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null | general_qa | Why are kids inquisitive? | Kids are very eager to understand the world around them and tend to ask lots of questions. There is a potential for these characteristics to reduce as kids grow older, either because of other social interactions or having a better understanding of their general environment. | null | null | null | 3587 |
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null | classification | Which of these four novels has the least in common with the others?
1. Red Harvest by Dashiell Hammett
2. One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez
3. The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler
4. The Hound of the Baskervilles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle | One Hundred Years of Solitude has the least in common with the other books. It is part of a genre called Magical Realism, which depicts a world that strongly resembles real life but contains magical aspects that would normally be found in the Fantasy genre. The other three novels are all Detective fiction, and belong to the Hardboiled sub-genre. Hardboiled detective stories typically feature a deeply cynical (and often unlikable) protagonist, organized crime elements, and a prohibition-era setting. | null | null | null | 3588 |
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null | open_qa | What are some good steps to getting an AWS cloud certification and getting a cloud job? | Getting an AWS certification is a great way to get started with learning about cloud and potentially starting a career in it! Here are some good first steps:
1. Start with the free AWS Cloud Practitioner course and overview: https://aws.amazon.com/training/digital/aws-cloud-practitioner-essentials/?cp=sec&sec=prep
2. Pass the AWS cloud practitioner exam
3. Decide which specialization path to go down — options could include the architecture path, more of a data specialist, or a Security specialization, with multiple other options
4. If you choose the architecture path, Stephane Marek’s courses (https://www.udemy.com/user/stephane-maarek/) are excellent, frequently updated, and inexpensive.
5. The next step is the AWS Solution Architect—Associate exam, which is difficult but the above courses prepare you well (combined with practice tests, note below on that)
6. To get hands on experience here is a list of interesting cloud sample projects, some easy and some hard: https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/8inzn5/so_you_want_to_learn_aws_aka_how_do_i_learn_to_be/
7. In preparing for the exams, especially the more advanced ones, Jon Bonso has excellent practice question banks: https://tutorialsdojo.com/courses/aws-certified-solutions-architect-associate-practice-exams/.
8. Once you have the Solution Architect—Associate certification and some sample projects complete you can likely start looking for a job in the cloud space. Companies are looking for people with those skills + cert + some hands-on experience, so good luck! | null | null | null | 3589 |
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null | information_extraction | Based on the following passage where did plums, apricots and peaches originate? | Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness.
The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples.
The date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue.
Figs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form.
Grape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs.
From the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency.
Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: "She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year."
Figs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals.
Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices. | Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices. | null | null | null | 3590 |
null | closed_qa | Given a refrence text about The Bobcaygeon Independent, tell me when it was established and when it ceased publication. | The Bobcaygeon Independent was the weekly community newspaper in Bobcaygeon, Ontario, Canada. It was established in 1869. Ownership changed hands many times over the years, until it was purchased along with then owner, Citizens Communication Group, in 2000 by Metroland Publishing.
The Independent covered everything from community events, school issues & family milestones to local crimes and tragedies. During ownership by the Citizens Communication Group, the Bobcaygeon and Fenelon news teams worked closely together, and from time to time, some stories of general interest would run simultaneously in the Independent and its sister paper the Fenelon Falls Gazette. During ownership by Metroland Publishing, a similar news style was used with common pages in both Bobcaygeon and Fenelon papers, and in the Lindsay This Week newspaper.
The paper was officially incorporated into Kawartha Lakes This Week in late 2004 in keeping with the amalgamation of Lindsay, Bobcaygeon and Fenelon Falls into the City of Kawartha Lakes.
Today, back issues are available at the Bobcaygeon Public Library for viewing on Microfiche, as far back as the first issue in 1869.
Although the paper had ceased publication in 2004, the website Amazon.com still offers subscriptions. | The Bobcaygeon Independent was established in 1869 and ceased publication in 2004. | null | null | null | 3591 |
null | closed_qa | When did the golden age for Jewish culture start and where was it? | A few scholars give the start of the Golden Age as 711–718, the Muslim conquest of Iberia. | The golden age for jewish culture started somewhere around 711-718 and it was in Spain. | null | null | null | 3592 |
null | general_qa | Monster Hunter 4 Unlimited (hereafter, "MH4U") was a video game released exclusively for the Nintendo 3DS circa 2013. Elden Ring was a video game released for multiple platforms in circa 2022 to critical acclaim.
If MH4U and Elden Ring were considered to be siblings nine years apart in a small family, how might the experiences of MH4U have influenced the growth and development of Elden Ring? | Young parents face many challenges. Finances, education, and home expenses often compete with the needs of a growing family. Within the context provided, MH4U reflects the first child of a young couple who must make several investments, including clothing, baby essentials, and furniture. This may be conveyed under the limited system resources available to MH4U under the 3DS console: 128MB of RAM. Additionally, one or both parents may work full time, leaving limited time to work with and grow the child. As the child, MH4U, enters age 9, they should be entering 4th or 5th grade and have developed the cognitive and functional skills to support their parents. Additionally, the parents will have likely developed further in their careers and caretaking abilities that ensure the stability and growth of a small family. In this example, Elden Ring represents the second child, which arrives nine years after MH4U. In this context, as a result of the growth of experience and income of the family, and assuming the family equates to a Playstation 4, the family now enjoys 8GB of RAM.
As described in the preceding paragraph, the familial environment that Elden Ring emerges from is vastly different than that of MH4U. However, there are additional benefits beyond the system limitations provided. These benefits are conveyed through the emotional and physical support provided through familial bonds, in this case, that of an older and younger sibling. Upon the arrival of Elden Ring, MH4U is eager to help their parents with caretaking tasks which may include keeping the child company, completing small jobs and errands, and establishing familial bonds with their sibling. The parents will be able to draw upon the experience of raising MH4U and apply those lessons to their newest member of the family. It’s important that the parents continue to create small jobs for MH4U that help to convey positive responses to younger family members: caretaking, guidance, and companionship.
As MH4U graduates from their teens and enters early adulthood, it’s critical that they stay actively involved in the life of their sibling. By age 18, MH4U will now be nine years older than Elden Ring, which as it happens, is the same age when MH4U became an older sibling. Under this lens, MH4U carries greater social responsibility than they did when they were the same age as Elden Ring. MH4U may also begin to contemplate leaving the family for continuing education. While it’s common for individuals to depart the family for secondary education after age 18, it’s critically important that MH4U continue to maintain constant contact with its younger sibling to provide guidance and advice and convey lessons learned from its formative experiences.
In this way, Elden Ring has a fast track to develop. MH4U is able to provide guidance equatable to best practices, experiences, and trial and error. Additionally, MH4U development during constrained resources encourages Elden Ring to do “more with less” and ensures a fastidious approach towards the allocation of resources. By the time Elden Ring approaches age 18, they enjoy the combined experiences of their parents and their older sibling which helps to increase their likelihood of success and families are stronger when they provide guidance and stability to their children.
In summary, the success of Elden Ring was no accident. The investments of the parents into the older sibling, MH4U, however lacking, provided a baseline level by which MH4U could invest in its younger sibling Elden Ring. Through this chain of investments, the family finds a greater chance of success. Under the lens of the original context, there would not be a critically reception to Elden Ring had not the parents made baseline investment and support to MH4U during the formative years of the family. | null | null | null | 3593 |
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null | summarization | What is the Krusty Krab? | The restaurant was founded by Eugene H. Krabs (often referred to as Mr. Krabs), who is also the owner and manager. SpongeBob SquarePants (who works as the fry cook) and Squidward Tentacles (the cashier) are the only full-time employees. The primary competitor to the Krusty Krab is the Chum Bucket across the street, which is operated by Plankton, a plankton and Karen, a waterproof supercomputer and Plankton's wife. | null | null | null | 3594 |
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null | brainstorming | What are the top 10 largest cities in the world by population (city proper)? | - Chongqing, China
- Shanghai, China
- Beijing, China
- Delhi, India
- Chengdu, China
- Istanbul, Turkey
- Karachi, Pakistan
- Guangzhou, China
- Tianjin, China
- Tokyo, Japan | null | null | null | 3595 |
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null | classification | Classify each of these bands as Polish death metal, Norwegian death metal, or K-Pop: BTS, EXO, Red Velvet, Cadaver, Darkthrone, Behemoth, Vader, Empatic, Girls' Generation, TWICE, Blood Red Throne, Emperor, Gorgoroth, Decapitated | Polish death metal bands: Behemoth, Vader, Empatic, Decapitated
Norwegian death metal bands: Cadaver, Darkthrone, Blood Red Throne, Emperor, Gorgoroth
K-Pop bands: BTS, EXO, Red Velvet, Girls' Generation, TWICE | null | null | null | 3596 |
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null | creative_writing | Why should I cheer for the Sacramento Kings in this year's NBA playoffs? | Until this season, the Sacramento Kings held the longest playoff drought in all of North American professional sports, lasting 16 years. Despite this, the fanbase for the Kings remained loyal and regularly attended games to watch their team lose year after year. In the midst of this drought, the previous owners of the franchise attempted to move the team to a new city, with significant traction at various points, to both Anaheim and Seattle. It was only the passion of the fans, and the combined support from local businesses and politicians, that prevented the move. In addition to the Kings having one of the most supportive fanbases in the NBA getting their first taste of success, the Kings are also a highly enjoyable team to watch. The players are friendly and likable, and the offense is one of the most successful in NBA history. Lastly, the team also has a fun gimmick of lighting a large purple laser beam that can be seen for miles after every victory, leading to a chorus of 'Light the beam!' from the Kings fanbase in the arena at the conclusion of every win. Pulling all of these factors together make the Sacramento Kings a fun team to cheer for in the upcoming NBA playoffs. | null | null | null | 3597 |
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null | summarization | From the given text, provide a couple of points on Supreme Court of Iran | The Supreme Court of Iran is the highest juridical authority in Iran, established to supervise the correct implementation of laws by courts of justice and consisting of the most prominent judges of the country. The head of the judiciary assigns criteria to ensure uniformity of judicial procedure and to carry out all legal responsibilities. | 1. The Supreme Court of Iran, which is composed of the most eminent judges in the nation and was founded to oversee the proper application of laws by courts of justice, is the highest legal authority in Iran.
2. To ensure judicial procedure is uniform and to fulfil all legal obligations, the head of the court assigns standards. | null | null | null | 3598 |
null | information_extraction | How does the time of sunrise vary from spring to summer? | Although the Sun appears to "rise" from the horizon, it is actually the Earth's motion that causes the Sun to appear. The illusion of a moving Sun results from Earth observers being in a rotating reference frame; this apparent motion caused many cultures to have mythologies and religions built around the geocentric model, which prevailed until astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus formulated his heliocentric model in the 16th century.
Astronomically, sunrise occurs for only an instant: the moment at which the upper limb of the Sun appears tangent to the horizon. However, the term sunrise commonly refers to periods of time both before and after this point:
Twilight, the period in the morning during which the sky is brightening, but the Sun is not yet visible. The beginning of morning twilight is called astronomical dawn.
The period after the Sun rises during which striking colors and atmospheric effects are still seen.
The timing of sunrise varies throughout the year and is also affected by the viewer's latitude and longitude, altitude, and time zone. These changes are driven by the axial tilt of Earth, daily rotation of the Earth, the planet's movement in its annual elliptical orbit around the Sun, and the Earth and Moon's paired revolutions around each other. The analemma can be used to make approximate predictions of the time of sunrise.
In late winter and spring, sunrise as seen from temperate latitudes occurs earlier each day, reaching its earliest time near the summer solstice; although the exact date varies by latitude. After this point, the time of sunrise gets later each day, reaching its latest sometime around the winter solstice. The offset between the dates of the solstice and the earliest or latest sunrise time is caused by the eccentricity of Earth's orbit and the tilt of its axis, and is described by the analemma, which can be used to predict the dates.
Variations in atmospheric refraction can alter the time of sunrise by changing its apparent position. Near the poles, the time-of-day variation is exaggerated, since the Sun crosses the horizon at a very shallow angle and thus rises more slowly.
Accounting for atmospheric refraction and measuring from the leading edge slightly increases the average duration of day relative to night. The sunrise equation, however, which is used to derive the time of sunrise and sunset, uses the Sun's physical center for calculation, neglecting atmospheric refraction and the non-zero angle subtended by the solar disc. | In late winter and spring, sunrise as seen from temperate latitudes occurs earlier each day, reaching its earliest time near the summer solstice; although the exact date varies by latitude. After this point, the time of sunrise gets later each day, reaching its latest sometime around the winter solstice. | null | null | null | 3599 |
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