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null | open_qa | What is the capital of Colorado? | Denver is the capital | null | null | null | 4800 |
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null | general_qa | List the members of the Ivy in reverse alphabetical order. | Yale University, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, Harvard University, Dartmouth College, Cornell University, Columbia University and Brown University. | null | null | null | 4801 |
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null | information_extraction | Where is Dutch spoken? | Dutch is an official language of the Netherlands proper, Belgium, Suriname, the Dutch Caribbean municipalities (St. Eustatius, Saba and Bonaire), Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. Dutch is also an official language of several international organisations, such as the European Union, Union of South American Nations and the Caribbean Community. At an academic level, Dutch is taught in about 175 universities in 40 countries. About 15,000 students worldwide study Dutch at university.
In Europe, most of the population of the Netherlands (where it is the only official language spoken countrywide) and about 60% of the population of Belgium (as one of three official languages) speak Dutch. Outside the Low Countries, Dutch is the native language of the majority of the population of the South American country of Suriname, a former Dutch colony, where it also holds an official status, as it does in the Caribbean island countries of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten, which are constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Up to half a million native speakers reside in the United States, Canada and Australia combined,[n 3] and historical linguistic minorities on the verge of extinction remain in parts of France, Germany and Indonesia.[n 4] | Dutch is mostly spoken in The Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname, where it is an official language. In addition, it is taught across 40 other countries around the world. | null | null | null | 4802 |
null | general_qa | Which of these animals is not a bear: brown bear, black bear, polar bear, koala bear, panda bear. | The answer is koala bear. Despite the name, the “koala bear” is actually a marsupial, not a bear. | null | null | null | 4803 |
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null | open_qa | What is the difference between a compact and economy-sized car? | These two terms are typically used at car rental agencies to refer to the size of the car, with economy the smallest available rental car and compact one size larger. | null | null | null | 4804 |
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null | general_qa | Who is Lord Voldemort? | Lord Voldemort is a sobriquet for Tom Marvolo Riddle, a character and the main antagonist in J. K. Rowling's series of Harry Potter novels. The character first appeared in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, which was published in 1997, and returned either in person or in flashbacks in each book and its film adaptation in the series except the third, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, in which he is only mentioned.
Voldemort is the archenemy of Harry Potter, who according to a prophecy has "the power to vanquish the Dark Lord". He attempts to murder the boy, but instead kills his parents, Lily and James Potter, and leaves Harry with a scar on his forehead in the shape of a lightning bolt. Nearly every witch or wizard dares not utter his name and refers to him instead with such monikers as "You-Know-Who", "He Who Must Not Be Named", or "the Dark Lord". Voldemort's obsession with blood purity signifies his aim to rid the wizarding world of Muggle (non-magical) heritage and to conquer both worlds, Muggle and wizarding, to achieve pure-blood dominance. Through his mother's family, he is the last descendant of the wizard Salazar Slytherin, one of the four founders of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. He is the leader of the Death Eaters, a group of evil wizards and witches dedicated to ridding the Wizarding World of Muggles and establishing Voldemort as its supreme ruler. | null | null | null | 4805 |
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null | information_extraction | What is the significance of Glasgow, Georgia? | A post office called Glasgow was established in 1853, and remained in operation until 1905.The community was named after Glasgow, in Scotland, the ancestral home of a large share of the first settlers. | It is a community named after Glasgow in Scotland which is the ancestral home of a large part of the first settlers. | null | null | null | 4806 |
null | brainstorming | What are the 5 largest cities in the world by population? In this format "Country|Capital|Population" and include the header | Country|Capital|Population
China|Beijing|21,542,000
Japan|Tokyo|13,921,000
DR Congo|Kinshasa|12,691,000
Russia|Moscow|12,655,050
Indonesia|Jakarta|10,562,088 | null | null | null | 4807 |
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null | closed_qa | Which are most valuable corporate brands in the world | The following article lists the most valuable corporate brands in the world according to different estimates by Kantar Group, Interbrand, Brand Finance and Forbes. Factors that influence brand value are sales, market share, market capitalization, awareness of a brand, products, popularity, image, etc. Readers should note that lists like this, while informative, are somewhat subjective, as no single metric exists for determining valuation for brands.
Top 10 valuable companies according Kantar 2022 list are Apple Inc, Google Inc, Amazon.com Inc, Microsoft corp, Tencent, McDonald, Visa Inc, Facebook, Alibaba, Louis Vuitton | Kantar group, Interbrand, Brand Finance and Forbes every year release most valuable corporate brands in the world.
Top 10 valuable companies according Kantar 2022 list are Apple Inc (US) , Google Inc (US), Amazon.com Inc (US), Microsoft corp (US), Tencent (China), McDonald (US), Visa Inc(US), Facebook (US), Alibaba group (China) and Louis Vuitton (France)
Factors that influence brand value are sales, market share, market capitalization, awareness of a brand, products, popularity, image, etc. Readers should note that lists like this, while informative, are somewhat subjective, as no single metric exists for determining valuation for brands. | null | null | null | 4808 |
null | classification | I am planning a trip to Super Mario world and want to know which of the following characters are part of the Super Mario Bros franchise and which are from other games. Princess Peach, Luigi, Bowser, Link, Inkling Boy, Captain Falcon, Koopa Troopa, and Kirby. | Princess Peach, Luigi, Bowser, and Koopa Troopa are part of the Super Mario Franchise. Link, Captain Falcon, and Kirby are from other Nintendo games. | null | null | null | 4809 |
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null | summarization | Please provide a bulleted list of the movies Tessa Thompson performed in from this passage. | Tessa Thompson is an American actress of film and television. Thompson gained favorable notices for her early film performances in the comedy-drama Dear White People, Selma (both in 2014). She gained mainstream attention for her roles in franchise films playing Bianca Taylor in the sport dramas Creed (2015) and Creed II (2018), and for her starring role as Valkyrie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Thor: Love and Thunder (2022), as well as her leading role in the science fiction franchise film Men in Black: International (2019). She also has received critical praise for her roles in independent films such as Sorry to Bother You (2018), Little Woods (2018), Annihilation (2018), the romantic drama Sylvie's Love (2020), and the period film Passing (2021), the latter of which earned her a British Academy Film Award nomination. | Tessa Thompson performed in the following films:
Dear White People
Selma
Creed
Creed II
Thor: Ragnarok
Avengers: Endgame
Thor: Love and Thunder
Men In Black: International
Sorry To Bother You
Little Woods
Annihilation
Sylvie’s Love
Passing | null | null | null | 4810 |
null | information_extraction | Name the Pandavas. | The Pandavas (Sanskrit: पाण्डव, IAST: Pāṇḍava) refers to the five legendary brothers— Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva—who are the central characters of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. They are acknowledged as the sons of Pandu, the King of Kuru, but were fathered by different Devas (gods) due to Pandu's inability to naturally conceive children. In the epic, the Pandavas married Draupadi, the princess of Panchala, and founded the city of Indraprastha after the Kuru Kingdom was split to avoid succession disputes. After their paternal cousins the Kauravas—led by Duryodhana—tricked them into surrendering their kingdom and refused to return it, the Pandavas waged a civil war against their extended family, and this conflict was known as the Kurukshetra War. With the help of the god Krishna, the Pandavas eventually won the war with the death of the Kauravas, albeit at great cost. | The Pandavas (sons of Pandu) are Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva. | null | null | null | 4811 |
null | creative_writing | Would my landlord allow me to have my dog living at the house? | Dear Mr Landlord,
I would like to start by saying how happy I am at the moment living at your property, it is everything I wanted in terms of living space and location since I moved to San Francisco.
There is one thing though that I have wanted to ask you and it is regarding Yiyo. Yiyo is my dog, a 50-pound labrador that has been the perfect companion and a true friend since I was a child. Yiyo used to live with my parents as I knew I could not have him live with me at your property, but things have changed recently as my parents are moving to Europe. Yiyo is a very well-behaved dog, trained by professionals since he was 6 months old, and I think he would do a very good job keeping the block and the property safe in view of the recent burglaries that have taken place. I also see value in him being able to live at the property with me to help me keep rats off the premises, which are quite common around due to the nearby forest. I really appreciate you giving this request a thought as I am sure if you allow it we will both greatly benefit from your decision.
Sincerely yours, FC. | null | null | null | 4812 |
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null | brainstorming | List top 5 people with most gold medals | 1. Michael Phelps - 23 gold
2. Larisa Latynina - 9 gold
3. Paavo Nurmi - 9 gold
4. Mark Spitz - 9 gold
5. Carl Lewis - 9 gold | null | null | null | 4813 |
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null | information_extraction | What is the project management approach that have a serious of distinct steps? | There are five phases to a project lifecycle; known as process groups. Each process group represents a series of inter-related processes to manage the work through a series of distinct steps to be completed. This type of project approach is often referred to as "traditional" or "waterfall". The five process groups are:
Typical development phases of an engineering project
Initiating
Planning
Executing
Monitoring and Controlling
Closing
Some industries may use variations of these project stages and rename them to better suit the organization. For example, when working on a brick-and-mortar design and construction, projects will typically progress through stages like pre-planning, conceptual design, schematic design, design development, construction drawings (or contract documents), and construction administration.
While the phased approach works well for small, well-defined projects, it often results in challenge or failure on larger projects, or those that are more complex or have more ambiguities, issues, and risks | The waterfall, sometimes called traditional, approach is the project management approach that has a series of related processes. | null | null | null | 4814 |
null | brainstorming | Give me a list of 5 first date ideas | - Grab coffee
- Dine out for a meal
- Do something active, like a hike
- Go to the museum
- Have a picninc | null | null | null | 4815 |
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null | information_extraction | From the passage provided, extract which month is the coolest in Chennai | Chennai has a dry-summer tropical wet and dry climate under the (Köppen climate classification). The city lies on the thermal equator and is also on the coast, which prevents extreme variation in seasonal temperature. The hottest part of the year is late May to early June, known regionally as Agni Nakshatram ("fire star") or as Kathiri Veyyil, with maximum temperatures around 35–40 °C (95–104 °F). The coolest part of the year is January, with minimum temperatures around 19–25 °C (66–77 °F). The lowest recorded temperature was 13.9 °C (57.0 °F) on 11 December 1895 and 29 January 1905. The highest recorded temperature was 45 °C (113 °F) on 31 May 2003. The average annual rainfall is about 140 cm (55 in). | The coolest part of the year is January | null | null | null | 4816 |
null | general_qa | Does Bolivia have a wine scene? | Bolivia and more specifically, Tarija, have a wonderful wine scene that has continued to develop in the shadow of its southern neighbor, Mendoza. The high altitudes and clay soil produce many excellent varietals of grape, of which they are most predominantly known for their, Tannat, a full bodied red wine originating from France and thriving in South America. | null | null | null | 4817 |
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null | open_qa | What is the tallest building in Chicago? | The tallest building in Chicago is the Sears Tower | null | null | null | 4818 |
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null | closed_qa | Name China's greatest events happened when Jiang was in charge | Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang was paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping.
Born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Jiang joined the CCP while he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he received training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s, later returning to Shanghai in 1962 to serve in various institutes, later being sent between 1970-1972 to Romania as part of an expert team to establish machinery manufacturing plants in the country. After 1979, he was appointed as the vice chair of two commissions by vice premier Gu Mu to oversee the newly-established special economic zones (SEZs). He became the vice minister of the newly-established Ministry of Electronics Industry and a member of the CCP Central Committee in 1982.
Jiang was appointed as the mayor of Shanghai in 1985, later being promoted to its Communist Party secretary, as well as a member of the CCP Politburo, in 1987. Jiang came to power unexpectedly as a compromise candidate following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as CCP general secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. As the involvement of the "Eight Elders" in Chinese politics steadily declined, Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become the "paramount leader" in the country during the 1990s. Urged by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, Jiang officially introduced the term "socialist market economy" in his speech during the 14th CCP National Congress held later that year, which accelerated "opening up and reform".
Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of market reforms. The returning of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom in 1997 and of Macau from Portugal in 1999, and entry into the World Trade Organisation in 2001, were landmark moments of his era. China also witnessed improved relations with the outside world, while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the state. Jiang faced criticism over human rights abuses, including the crackdown on the Falun Gong movement. His contributions to party doctrine, known as the "Three Represents", were written into the CCP constitution in 2002. Jiang gradually vacated his official leadership titles from 2002 to 2005, being succeeded in these roles by Hu Jintao, although he and his political faction continued to influence affairs until much later. On 30 November 2022, Jiang died from leukemia and multiple organ failure in Shanghai. | The returning of Hong Kong and Macau, and joining WTO | null | null | null | 4819 |
null | summarization | Is there a secure desktop operating system I can use today? | Qubes OS is a desktop operating system based around the Xen hypervisor that allows grouping programs into a number of isolated sandboxes (virtual machines) to provide security. Windows for programs running within these sandboxes ("security domains") can be color coded for easy recognition. The security domains are configurable, they can be transient (changes to the file system will not be preserved), and their network connection can be routed through special virtual machines (for example one that only provides Tor networking). The operating system provides secure mechanisms for copy and paste and for copying files between the security domains. | Use Qubes OS! It is fairly complete and provide good isolation for most of your applications. | null | null | null | 4820 |
null | summarization | What is the Make Something Edmonton Initiative? | Make Something Edmonton is a community building initiative that resulted from the creation of a task force on City image and reputation in July 2012 in Edmonton, Alberta. The task force is co-chaired by entrepreneur Chris LaBossiere and Rapid Fire Theatre artistic director Amy Shostak. The creative concept behind the initiative was articulated by local writer and entrepreneur Todd Babiak.
The central idea behind the initiative is that "Edmonton is an unusually good city to create something from nothing, to launch a new idea, to build, to get ‘er done, to make something." | The Make Something Edmonton is a community building initiative that resulted from the creation of a task force on City image and reputation in July 2012 in Edmonton, Alberta. The task force is co-chaired by entrepreneur Chris LaBossiere and Rapid Fire Theatre artistic director Amy Shostak. The creative concept behind the initiative was articulated by local writer and entrepreneur Todd Babiak. | null | null | null | 4821 |
null | creative_writing | List some steps I'll need to take in order to buy a car | - Search the web for car models that interest you
- Go to the dealership for a test drive
- Think about whether to finance, buy or lease your car
- Order a car from the dealership
- Enjoy your new car | null | null | null | 4822 |
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null | classification | Which is a species of fish? Bombay duck or Bombay Sapphire | Bombay duck | null | null | null | 4823 |
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null | summarization | Write some information in points on Kelvyn Park High School from the given passage. | Kelvyn Park High School is a public 4–year high school located in the Hermosa neighborhood on north-west side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Opened in 1933, Kelvyn Park is operated by the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) district. In addition to being a neighborhood high school, Kelvyn Park also serves as a middle school with seventh and eighth grades. Kelvyn Park attendance boundaries extends to the Logan Square, Cragin and Belmont Gardens neighborhoods. | 1. The Hermosa neighbourhood on the north-west side of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States, is home to the public 4-year Kelvyn Park High School.
2. Kelvyn Park, which was established in 1933, is run by the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) organisation.
3. Kelvyn Park not only functions as a neighbourhood high school, but also as a middle school housing the seventh and eighth classes.
4. The neighbourhoods of Logan Square, Cragin, and Belmont Gardens are included in the Kelvyn Park attendance boundaries. | null | null | null | 4824 |
null | general_qa | Can I provide commercial software or services based on Spark? | Yes, as long as you respect the Apache Software Foundation's software license and trademark policy. In particular, note that there are strong restrictions about how third-party products use the "Spark" name (names based on Spark are generally not allowed). Please also refer to our trademark policy summary. | null | null | null | 4825 |
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null | creative_writing | Describe the benefits of riding the bus to work instead of driving a car. | Riding the bus to work instead of driving a car to work reduces greenhouse gas emissions. While you are riding the bus, you can also do other tasks that you could not do while driving, such as catching up on work, messaging your friends, or taking a nap. In areas where bus lanes exist, they can make the bus as fast or faster than a car for your commute because the bus won't get stuck in traffic. Finally, if you take the bus, you don't have to worry about finding parking for your car at your destination. | null | null | null | 4826 |
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null | closed_qa | Given this summary of The Eye of Heaven, what kind of ship did they find in the Arctic? | The Eye of Heaven is a Fargo adventure novel. The two main characters of the Fargo novels are adventurers Sam Fargo and his wife, Remi. The Eye of Heaven is the sixth book of the Fargo series. The book's hardcover edition was first published September 2, 2014.
Plot
Baffin Island: Husband-and-wife team Sam and Remi Fargo are on a climate-control expedition in the Arctic, when to their astonishment they discover a Viking ship in the ice, perfectly preserved—and filled with pre–Columbian artifacts from Mexico.
How can that be? As they plunge into their research, tantalizing clues about a link between the Vikings and the legendary Toltec feathered serpent god Quetzalcoatl/Ce Acatl Topiltzin —and a fabled object known as the Eye of Heaven— begin to emerge. But so do many dangerous people. Soon the Fargos find themselves on the run through jungles, temples, and secret tombs, caught between treasure hunters, crime cartels, and those with a far more personal motivation for stopping them. At the end of the road will be the solution to a thousand-year-old mystery—or death. | A perfectly preserved viking ship, with pre-columbian artifacts from Mexico. | null | null | null | 4827 |
null | classification | Tell me whether these are Mandalorians or Jedi: Yoda, Luke Skywalker, Bobba Fett, Din Djarin | Yoda: Jedi, Luke Skywalker: Jedi, Bobba Fett: Mandalorian, Din Djarin: Mandalorian | null | null | null | 4828 |
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null | general_qa | How to win and make friends? | As simple as this sounds, in reality, making friends and winning them is one of the toughest processes. Good friends are the biggest boon to life. It takes a lot of effort to know and understand people and make them friends. Here are a couple of qualities to have in us to make and win friends for life:
1. Along with their names, remember the name of their spouse/children/ any closest person they usually mention
2. Genuinely show interest and listen to them when they talk
3. Encourage them to talk about their interests
4. Don't criticize but understand them
5. Admit when you are wrong
6. Respect their opinions and don't judge | null | null | null | 4829 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me a list of the best golf courses in America | Pebble Beach, Torrey Pines, Pinehurst, TPC Scottsdale, Whistling Straights, Muirfield, Bethpage Black, Bay Hill | null | null | null | 4830 |
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null | classification | Tell me which of these are brands of soap: Dove, Colgate, Palmolive, Ivory, Pearl Milling Co, Sofsoap, Dawn, Ethan | Dove, Palmolive, Ivory, Sofsoap, Dawn | null | null | null | 4831 |
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null | closed_qa | What game was the animated series Tank Knights Fortress based on? | Fortress is a shooter video game developed by CCR Inc and published by Netsgo. The game spawned an animated series, Tank Knights Fortress, and a sequel, Fortress 2. On November 18, 2011, service for the game was terminated in South Korea and Japan. | Fortress. | null | null | null | 4832 |
null | classification | Please tell me if the following cities are in Germany, Austria or Switzerland: Munich, Vienna, Zurich, Dortmund, Lucerne, Bern, Stuttgart, Klagenfurt, Salzburg, Bremen, Geneva, Innsbruck | Germany: Munich, Dortmund, Stuttgart, Bremen
Austria: Vienna, Klagenfurt, Salzburg, Innsbruck
Switzerland: Zurich, Lucerne, Bern, Geneva | null | null | null | 4833 |
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null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Chenda, Suroz | Suroz is string, Chenda is percussion. | null | null | null | 4834 |
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null | general_qa | Why do people blink? | Each time the eyelids close, salty secretions from the tear glands are swept over the surface of the eye, flushing away small dust particles and lubricating the exposed portion of the eyeball. In essence, people blink because to cleanse and moisten the eye. | null | null | null | 4835 |
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null | open_qa | What is the difference between retinol and tretinoin? | Everyone’s skin is different, but no one’s skin is immune to the effects of sunlight, stress, and natural aging. To treat these effects, you might decide to use retinoids.
Retinoids are chemical compounds related to vitamin A.
Retinol and tretinoin are both examples of retinoids. Tretinoin can also be called all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA).
When it comes to treating your skin, the biggest difference between these two compounds is their strength.
Retinol is a vital nutrient. It’s fat-soluble, which means it can stay in your body for a long time. Your liver can take this stored retinol and convert it into tretinoin. Your body will use the tretinoin for a variety of biological functions.
For the purposes of skin care, tretinoin can be thought of as a more concentrated version of retinol. This means that tretinoin is stronger than retinol. | null | null | null | 4836 |
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null | general_qa | Which part of the world Egypt is located? | Egypt is in the north east part of Africa. | null | null | null | 4837 |
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null | general_qa | What are some pro tips when cold calling? | Cold calling is more art than science. The primary mistake people make when cold calling is in defining what success looks like. For most sales roles, the goal of a cold call is to establish rapport, not to book an order. Think about it - when was the last time you purchased something by phone the first time you were contacted? Odds are that several follow ups were required before you were ready to buy, no matter how qualified a buyer you appeared to be.
Establishing rapport means getting your prospect to open up, because he/she has determined that you are worth the time to do so. So the keys to establishing rapport are simple: be courteous and respectful, provide appropriate context, and be OPEN. Let's consider each of these individually. First, courtesy and respect- after briefly introducing yourself, ask the prospect if now is a good time to talk for a few minutes? We've all experienced the annoyance of a caller who dives right into the conversation immediately after hearing a "hello". Be respectful of your prospect's schedule and give him/her an "out." If it's not a good time, you're not going to have a successful call no matter what you try.
Next, provide appropriate context. Don't assume he/she knows nothing about what you are trying to sell. If that were the case, this prospect wouldn't be a very good target for you! Prepare a short introductory statement that can be delivered in a genuine way with a friendly tone. For example, "I'm with ACME Mobile Window Repair and wanted to share some spring promotions with you - have you seen our trucks around your neighborhood?" Setting context will help build rapport by providing a clear understanding of why you are calling, and what you hope to get out of the conversation. Successful sales people are very comfortable with the fact that they are trying to sell something. Own it, but do so in a low key and friendly way, and this will help lower the defenses of your prospect if he/she sounds guarded
Lastly, be open. This means open to going off script, open to hearing about competition or open to negative impressions of what you're selling. An open dialogue allows room for questions, both from you and from your prospect. Think about an enjoyable conversation you've had lately. Was it a natural back and forth, with questions posed and answers provided? Did the questions take the conversation into a deeper dialogue? A successful cold call is one that feels like a natural conversation about a topic of shared interest. If your prospect goes off on a tangent, don't redirect too soon, or better yet - ask a question - "I'm curious - What made you think of carpets when I mentioned windows?" If he/she goes negative about your offering, ask another question - "What in your experience has caused you to feel this way?"
Cold calling is a skill that can improve with practice. The more comfortable you are being courteous, setting context, and remaining open, the better your sales outcomes will be. And it never hurts to smile - even over the phone! | null | null | null | 4838 |
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null | summarization | What is the successor liability | In law, successor liability is liability (debt or other obligation) that is inherited by a successor entity after a corporate restructuring. Here, ‘successor’ refers to the entity that exists after the restructuring. ‘Restructuring’ refers to any action that alters the identity or character of a business entity (e.g. a merger). Successor liability is a subset of the law governing corporate liability or liability of legal persons.
A legal person is any person that can do the things a human person is able to do in law – such as enter into contracts, sue and be sued, own property, and so on. Depending on the jurisdiction, entities such as corporations, other types of firm, partnerships and state-owned enterprises may be treated as legal persons, with both rights and responsibilities under law. Successor liability rules influence how these rights and responsibilities vis-a-vis others are influenced by corporate restructurings.
Under corporate law (or possibly other bodies of law, such as employment or environmental law), some countries regulate how liability passes from a ‘predecessor’ entity to a 'successor' entity in the event of such corporate restructurings as a name change, merger or acquisition, division or dissolution. Following such restructurings, successor liability rules determine whether and how the 'successor' or acquiring entity must assume some or all of the predecessor entity's liabilities. Product liability, environmental clean-up, employment law and criminal law are some of the areas in which successor liability may enter into play. Thus, it is an important component of the legal system that supports the structural change needed in dynamic business sectors while also protecting individual and societal interests.
While a restructuring does not automatically give rise to successor liability, the following situations are often considered to be relevant when determining whether or not such liability exists: there is an explicit agreement between the parties on the assumption of some liabilities; the restructuring is considered to be a de facto merger; the restructuring results in the mere continuation of the predecessor’s business; and the transaction underpinning the restructuring was fraudulent and used to escape liability.
Without successor liability, a business entity may avoid liability by reorganising itself or otherwise altering its corporate identity. A comparative law study of successor liability in the context of enforcement of laws criminalising foreign bribery shows that countries have adopted widely different approaches to successor liability in a criminal law context. In some jurisdictions, it is not clear whether successor liability exists at all, opening up the possibility that even minor business reorganisations could 'wipe the slate clean' from the standpoint of criminal law enforcement. Other countries have comprehensive statutory frameworks that address successor liability. Still others rely on established jurisprudence or other legal principles as the legal foundation for successor liability. | In law, successor liability is liability (debt or other obligation) inherited by a successor entity after a corporate restructuring . Product liability, environmental clean-up, employment law and criminal law are some of the areas in which successor liability may enter into play . In some jurisdictions, it is not clear whether successor liability exists at all, opening up the possibility that even minor business reorganisations could 'wipe the slate clean' from the standpoint of criminal law enforcement . | null | null | null | 4839 |
null | general_qa | Who is the greatest NFL running back of all time? | Arguably, Barry Sanders is the greatest running back of all time. Unlike Emmitt Smith, Barry Sanders played behind an offensive line that was soft and weak. There were no pro bowl players on the Detroit Lions offensive line during Barry's tenure in Detroit. Barry Sanders also retired at his peak because he was disheartened by the direction of the franchise's inability to improve year over year. | null | null | null | 4840 |
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null | general_qa | When does daylight savings start and end in Sydney? | Sydney is in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and NSW participates in daylight savings. Daylight savings starts at 2am on the first Sunday of October; and ends at 3am on the first Sunday in April
In 2023:
- Daylight savings ends at 3am on Sun 2 April
- Daylight savings starts at 2am on Sun 1 October
Next year, in 2024:
- Daylight savings ends at 3am on Sun 7 April
- Daylight savings starts at 2am on Sun 6 October | null | null | null | 4841 |
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null | summarization | What are Flos | Flos is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are commonly known as plushblues and are found in the Indomalayan realm. | Flos is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. | null | null | null | 4842 |
null | information_extraction | From the passage find parts of plant which can be used as scion. Display the results in comma separated format. | Grafting or graftage is a horticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together. The upper part of the combined plant is called the scion (/ˈsaɪən/) while the lower part is called the rootstock. The success of this joining requires that the vascular tissues grow together and such joining is called inosculation. The technique is most commonly used in asexual propagation of commercially grown plants for the horticultural and agricultural trades.
In most cases, one plant is selected for its roots and this is called the stock or rootstock. The other plant is selected for its stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits and is called the scion or cion. The scion contains the desired genes to be duplicated in future production by the stock/scion plant.
In stem grafting, a common grafting method, a shoot of a selected, desired plant cultivar is grafted onto the stock of another type. In another common form called bud grafting, a dormant side bud is grafted onto the stem of another stock plant, and when it has inosculated successfully, it is encouraged to grow by pruning off the stem of the stock plant just above the newly grafted bud.
For successful grafting to take place, the vascular cambium tissues of the stock and scion plants must be placed in contact with each other. Both tissues must be kept alive until the graft has "taken", usually a period of a few weeks. Successful grafting only requires that a vascular connection take place between the grafted tissues. Research conducted in Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls has shown that the connection of phloem takes place after three days of initial grafting, whereas the connection of xylem can take up to seven days. Joints formed by grafting are not as strong as naturally formed joints, so a physical weak point often still occurs at the graft because only the newly formed tissues inosculate with each other. The existing structural tissue (or wood) of the stock plant does not fuse. | stems, leaves, flowers, fruits | null | null | null | 4843 |
null | brainstorming | What are some string instruments I could learn so that I can play in a group? | You could learn cello, violin, guitar, bass guitar, or ukalele. | null | null | null | 4844 |
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null | open_qa | What would Bruce lee do if he is alive? | Bruce Lee is an American martial artist, actor and philosopher. He is born on November 27, 1940. If Bruce Lee is alive today he would be 83 years old, and he would be happily retired and probably suffering from Alzheimer's | null | null | null | 4845 |
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null | creative_writing | Write a paragraph on the difficulties of seizure detection among epilepsy patients. | Seizure detection in epilepsy usually faces the problem of subjectivity where one reviewer's response may differ from another. This makes the seizure classification very difficult, wasting a lot of time. The gold standard, video-EEG, is also time-consuming and resource-intensive. An epilepsy patient can also have multiple types of seizures, making the detection even more difficult. This becomes more challenging when seizure types like hyperkinetic seizures have similar traits to non-epilepsy functional seizures. | null | null | null | 4846 |
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null | closed_qa | What are main vegetables in V8 juice? | The original V8 is a savory juice. It is made mainly from water and tomato concentrate, and reconstituted vegetable juice blend: water and concentrate of eight vegetables, specifically: beets, celery, carrots, lettuce, parsley, watercress, spinach, and tomato. Campbell's has produced several varieties of the drink, such as Original, Spicy Hot, Hint of Black Pepper, Lemon, Picante, Low-Sodium, and Organic.
Three spin-offs of the V8 brand, "V8 Energy", "V8 Splash" and "V8 V•Fusion", are blends of fruit and vegetable (specifically carrot) juices. V8 Splash is a juice cocktail partially sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup and sucralose; diet versions of V8 Splash omit the high-fructose corn syrup. V8 Energy also classifies as a cocktail and is partially sweetened with sucralose. V•Fusion is made from 100% juice. | beets, celery, carrots, lettuce, parsley, watercress, spinach, and tomato | null | null | null | 4847 |
null | open_qa | Name some popular American beer brands. | Rogue, Widmer, Budweiser, Coors, Michelob, Blue Moon | null | null | null | 4848 |
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null | brainstorming | What are some sought-after boutique electric guitar builders? | A few famous ones include Tom Anderson, John Suhr, Paul Reed Smith, James Tyler, Kiesel, Tuttle and etc... Most of them have exceptionally high build quality and craftsmanship, and the differences are mostly tonal, cosmetic and playability. | null | null | null | 4849 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me a list of the Western States in the United States of America. | The eleven Western United States are Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. | null | null | null | 4850 |
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null | information_extraction | How many press conferences does Daniel Keane give in the musical "Fermat's Last Tango"? | The plot is based on the story of the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem by Andrew Wiles, whose name is changed to "Daniel Keane" in the musical. After seven years of isolation in his attic, Keane believes he has found a proof of the theorem. The musical starts with a press conference, where Keane explains his proof to reporters and promises to return to normal life with his wife Anna and his family. After promising to Anna that he is now "done with Fermat", Keane is surprised in his study by none other than Fermat himself. Keane asks Fermat for the secret of his proof but is refused. Instead, Fermat introduces him to the "Aftermath", a "heavenly purgatory" where he meets the famous mathematicians Euclid, Pythagoras, Newton, and Gauss. They inform him that his proof contains a "big fat hole". In a second press conference, Keane is questioned by reporters about a flaw in the proof. Anna wishes for a corrected proof for her birthday. Fermat mocks Keane, and the other mathematicians inform him that "mathematics is a young man's game". Keane returns to his attic to try to fix his proof, while his "math widow" wife is frustrated. Fermat continues to taunt Keane, but he is invisible and inaudible to Anna, and the three dance a "bizarre tango à trois" while Anna is confused by Keane talking to Fermat. The other mathematicians from the Aftermath, after noticing that they can't keep up with the mathematics of the past century, decide to grant admission to Keane even if he is unable to prove the theorem. As Keane finally gives up and declares his attempts a failure, Anna suggests that "within your failure lie the seeds of your success", repeating a line earlier spoken by the mathematicians. This quickly leads to Keane realising how to close the gap in the argument, and the musical ends with another press conference, and Fermat congratulates Keane for his proof. | In the musical "Fermat's Last Tango" the protagonist give three press conferences - in the first press conference, Daniel announces he has found proof of Fermat's Last Theorem; in the second press conference reporters question him about a flaw in the proof and in the third press conference, where he announces the conclusive proof of the theorem. | null | null | null | 4851 |
null | summarization | What does it mean if a database is ACID compliant? | In computer science, ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) is a set of properties of database transactions intended to guarantee data validity despite errors, power failures, and other mishaps. In the context of databases, a sequence of database operations that satisfies the ACID properties (which can be perceived as a single logical operation on the data) is called a transaction. For example, a transfer of funds from one bank account to another, even involving multiple changes such as debiting one account and crediting another, is a single transaction.
In 1983, Andreas Reuter and Theo Härder coined the acronym ACID, building on earlier work by Jim Gray who named atomicity, consistency, and durability, but not isolation, when characterizing the transaction concept. These four properties are the major guarantees of the transaction paradigm, which has influenced many aspects of development in database systems.
According to Gray and Reuter, the IBM Information Management System supported ACID transactions as early as 1973 (although the acronym was created later).
Atomicity
Main article: Atomicity (database systems)
Transactions are often composed of multiple statements. Atomicity guarantees that each transaction is treated as a single "unit", which either succeeds completely or fails completely: if any of the statements constituting a transaction fails to complete, the entire transaction fails and the database is left unchanged. An atomic system must guarantee atomicity in each and every situation, including power failures, errors, and crashes. A guarantee of atomicity prevents updates to the database from occurring only partially, which can cause greater problems than rejecting the whole series outright. As a consequence, the transaction cannot be observed to be in progress by another database client. At one moment in time, it has not yet happened, and at the next, it has already occurred in whole (or nothing happened if the transaction was canceled in progress).
Consistency
Main article: Consistency (database systems)
Consistency ensures that a transaction can only bring the database from one consistent state to another, preserving database invariants: any data written to the database must be valid according to all defined rules, including constraints, cascades, triggers, and any combination thereof. This prevents database corruption by an illegal transaction. Referential integrity guarantees the primary key–foreign key relationship.
Isolation
Main article: Isolation (database systems)
Transactions are often executed concurrently (e.g., multiple transactions reading and writing to a table at the same time). Isolation ensures that concurrent execution of transactions leaves the database in the same state that would have been obtained if the transactions were executed sequentially. Isolation is the main goal of concurrency control; depending on the isolation level used, the effects of an incomplete transaction might not be visible to other transactions.
Durability
Main article: Durability (database systems)
Durability guarantees that once a transaction has been committed, it will remain committed even in the case of a system failure (e.g., power outage or crash). This usually means that completed transactions (or their effects) are recorded in non-volatile memory. | ACID is an acronym that stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.
Atomicity means that actions occur either entirely or not at all; there is no partial write or situation where only part of an action was completed. For a database, this means that if data was written in a single transaction, that transaction either completes entirely or fails completely with no data left behind in a partial or corrupt state.
Consistency means that transactions take the state from one valid state to another valid state, with no way to enter an invalid state.
Isolation means that multiple readers/writers to the same database do not interfere with each other and can proceed without worrying about the effects of another action occurring.
Durability means that state is preserved across failures and shutdowns, e.g. that state is persisted to permanent storage. | null | null | null | 4852 |
null | closed_qa | What are the major innovations and scientific discoveries from UC Berkeley? | A number of significant inventions and discoveries have been made by Berkeley faculty members and researchers:
Natural sciences
Edit
Atomic bomb – Physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was wartime director of Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Manhattan Project.
Carbon 14 and photosynthesis – Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben first discovered carbon 14 in 1940, and Nobel laureate Melvin Calvin and his colleagues used carbon 14 as a molecular tracer to reveal the carbon assimilation path in photosynthesis, known as Calvin cycle.
Carcinogens – Identified chemicals that damage DNA. The Ames test was described in a series of papers in 1973 by Bruce Ames and his group at the university.
Chemical elements – 16 elements have been discovered at Berkeley (technetium, astatine, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, rutherfordium, dubnium, and seaborgium).
Covalent bond – Gilbert N. Lewis in 1916 described the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, and invented the Lewis notation to describe the mechanisms.
CRISPR gene editing – Nobel laureate Jennifer Doudna discovers a precise and inexpensive way for manipulating DNA in human cells.
Cyclotron – Ernest O. Lawrence created a particle accelerator in 1934, and was awarded the Nobel Physics Prize in 1939.
Dark energy – Saul Perlmutter and many others in the Supernova Cosmology Project discover the universe is expanding because of dark energy 1998.
Flu vaccine – Wendell M. Stanley and colleagues discovered the vaccine in the 1940s.
Hydrogen bomb – Edward Teller, the father of hydrogen bomb, was a professor at Berkeley and a researcher at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Immunotherapy of cancer – James P. Allison discovers and develops monoclonal antibody therapy that uses the immune system to combat cancer 1992–1995.
Molecular clock – Allan Wilson discovery in 1967.
Neuroplasticity – Marian Diamond discovers structural, biochemical, and synaptic changes in brain caused by environmental enrichment 1964
Oncogene – Peter Duesberg discovers first cancer causing gene in a virus 1970s.
Telomerase – Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak discover enzyme that promotes cell division and growth 1985.
Vitamin E – Gladys Anderson Emerson isolates Vitamin E in a pure form in 1952. | Atomic bomb by J. Robert Oppenheimer, carbon 14 and its photosynthesis, covalent bond, cyclotron, and etc. | null | null | null | 4853 |
null | general_qa | Should I buy a gravel bike or a down country mountain bike? | Although there is reasonable overlap in what you can use gravel and downcountry bikes for, the answer her largely depends on what you plan to do the most of and if trail riding will be important for you. Gravel bikes are great for covering offroad miles more efficiently and long days in the saddle both on road or offroad. However, the lack of any meaningful suspension means that or but a small amount of time off paths and more established trails will be hard work. Downcountry bikes will enable you to go on a wider range of terrain, inlcuding the ability to do trail riding (be very careful before trying to navigate downhill trails on a gravel bike!). However, downcountry bikes are usually heavier but the full suspension and geometry makes them less efficient compared to a gravel bike. | null | null | null | 4854 |
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null | information_extraction | How many times did Barton switch parties? | Barton switched parties three times in his political life. He was first elected as a Democratic-Republican; he then switched to an Adams Democrat for his re-election in 1825. When he ran for the Senate again in 1830 he switched to being an Anti-Jacksonian candidate. In the Senate, he served as chairman of the committee on public lands. He was a member of the Missouri State Senate in 1834–1835. | Three times | null | null | null | 4855 |
null | general_qa | Why is breaking up so hard to do? | Being in a relationship always has ups and downs, but ending a relationship is one of the hardest things humans do because we often feel the loss of hope and uncertainty about the future. We become familiar with having a person in our lives and they often feel like a safety net, so losing that sense of safety is scary. Ultimately, we have to do what is best for our own well being and move on. One might find comfort on spending time with friends and family and a strong support network during this difficult time. | null | null | null | 4856 |
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null | open_qa | Name the most famous detective books in the history | - Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie (1934)
- The Hound of the Baskervilles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1902)
- The Maltese Falcon by Dashiell Hammett (1930)
- The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler (1939)
- The Name of the Rose by Umberto Eco (1980)
- In the Woods by Tana French (2007) | null | null | null | 4857 |
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null | open_qa | What are microservices? | Microservices are an architectural and organizational approach to software development where software is composed of small independent services that communicate over well-defined APIs. These services are owned by small, self-contained teams. | null | null | null | 4858 |
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null | summarization | What is the Fallout game? | Fallout: A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game is a 1997 role-playing video game developed and published by Interplay Productions. In a mid-22nd century post-apocalyptic and retro-futuristic world, decades after a global nuclear war between the United States and China, Fallout's protagonist, the Vault Dweller, inhabits the underground nuclear shelter Vault 13. After customizing their character, the player must scour the surrounding wasteland for a computer chip that can fix the Vault's failed water supply system. They interact with other survivors, some of whom give them missions, and engage in turn-based combat where they battle until their action points are depleted. | Fallout is a cyberpunk game based in a post-apocalyptic world. It is an RPG that gained extreme popularity for its storytelling, setting, music and art. The famous RPG game uses a 1950's retro world that is combined with futuristic technology to create a unique setting. With many branching quest lines and plenty of items, weapons and loot, the game has hours worth of content. The basic plot of the game follows a vault dweller. The main character emerges from an underground vault to find a broken but thriving post-apocalyptic world. He meets many different people struggling to survive and monsters that evolved from all the radiation. | null | null | null | 4859 |
null | information_extraction | List the churches serving Mayfield Park of East Bristol in a comma separated manner. | Mayfield Park is a residential area in East Bristol, with a large adjoining park known as the Ridgeway Rd Playing Fields.
The area is located on the outskirts of the outer urban area of Fishponds and consists mainly of four roads: Mayfield Park, Mayfield Park North, Mayfield Park South and Mayfield Avenue. It is also near the main road of Berkeley Road and the outer urban area with the name of Speedwell, and adjacent to Chester Park. The area has a population of 1,730 (est).
A number of churches serve the area including St John's Church of England Church, built in 1911, and St Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, built in 1925, both on Lodge Causeway. Near the park is the more modern Abingdon Road Gospel Hall, an Evangelical Church of the Noncomformist Christian Brethren built in 1937, with a large church hall backing onto the playing fields. The Morley Congregational Church originally built between Ivy Lane and Mayfield Avenue in 1889 was demolished in 1970 after it encountered structural problems, and now sites a block of modern flats. | The churches serving Mayfield Park of East Bristol are St John's Church of England Church, St Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, Evangelical Church of the Noncomformist Christian Brethren, and the Morley Congregational Church. | null | null | null | 4860 |
null | summarization | Based on the given text, what is the population growth rate of Afghanistan since 1979? | The population of Afghanistan was estimated at 32.9 million as of 2019 by the Afghanistan Statistics and Information Authority, whereas the UN estimates over 38.0 million. In 1979 the total population was reported to be about 15.5 million. About 23.9% of them are urbanite, 71.4% live in rural areas, and the remaining 4.7% are nomadic. An additional 3 million or so Afghans are temporarily housed in neighboring Pakistan and Iran, most of whom were born and raised in those two countries. | There are varying accounts of the population of Afghanistan. The Afghanistan Statistics and Information Authority estimated the population at 32.9 million in 2019 whereas the UN estimates it at 38.90 million. In 1979 the total population was reported to be about 15.5 million. Using the following formula:
Percentage Increase = ((Final Value - Starting Value)/(Starting Value)) * 100
Using the Afghan Statistics and Information Authority Estimate:
Percentage Increase = ((32.9 - 15.5)/(15.5)) * 100 = 112.25%
Using the UN Estimate:
Percentage Increase = ((38.90 - 15.5)/(15.5)) * 100 = 150.96%
Therefore, the percentage growth rate of the population of Afghanistan is either 112.25% (Afghan Statistics and Information Authority) or 150.96% (UN) based on the two estimates provided. | null | null | null | 4861 |
null | open_qa | What is the holiday of Passover about? | Passover is a Jewish holiday which commemorates the events of the book of Exodus, when Israelites fled oppression in Ancient Egypt | null | null | null | 4862 |
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null | general_qa | Please explain why adding more indexes to a relational database is not always beneficial for speeding up workloads. | At a high level, an index over a specific table can speed up the execution of a query that accesses the table provided that the query references a compatible subset of columns that the index covers and that the cost of using the index is lower than alternatives (e.g., simply scanning the whole table or using another index). At the same time, the index needs to be kept up-to-date with the table, which means that each table update (insertion or deletion of new rows, or updates to existing rows for the columns that the index covers) will now cost more as the relational database system has to also propagate the update to the index. Thus, the usefulness of adding an index to a workload will depend on the fraction of queries that can benefit from the index, and on the mix of queries and updates. | null | null | null | 4863 |
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null | creative_writing | Write a story about a cat named Rory and the adventures he gets up to while his owner, Maria, is gone at work. Write the story in the form of an hourly journal from 7am to 7 pm written by Rory, and convey that Rory loves to sleep while Maria is gone. | 7 am: There is still no food in my bowl. I have tried to point Maria in the direction of the bowl at least 8 times, and she is not noticing. I even attempted to mimic the cry of a newborn human to attract her attention, and yet she is only focused on her coffee machine. I fear she is addicted.
8 am: Belly full from breakfast. I dislike my new food, the cat on the bag scares me. I will take a nap in the sun.
9 am: Continued to nap in the sun. Had to move multiple times because the sun patch moved, very annoying. I am starting to feel higher energy as my stomach is no longer stuffed. Time to eat the remaining food in my bowl I saved for a mid morning snack
10 am: There was a bird on the porch that I scared away. It was a close call, but I showed him who is boss here
11 am: Visited my Maria's roommate at their desk. I helped them with their work, but my paws are not particularly well suited for their keyboard. Was then unceremoniously kicked out of the room
12 pm: Tried to convince the roommate to give me lunch. Instead she just sat their and ate her fish and didn't offer me any.
1 pm: Time for my afternoon nap in the hammock
2 pm: Woke up discovering I had overheated in the hammock. Hunted the laser pointer and then I noticed the bird had returned. Put him in his place again.
3 pm: Took a tour of the kitchen counters. Noticed that Maria had left the cat food partially open. Ate some to prevent it from going bad and wasting perfectly good food.
4 pm: Took a nap under Maria's bed while waiting for her to get home
5 pm: Reunited! All is well again, except for Maria still doesn't notice my food bowl
6 pm: Maria brought me a mouse to play with. I indulge her by chasing it.
7 pm: Maria finally notices the food bowl. She pulls out a new bag, without a scary cat on it. All is well in the world. | null | null | null | 4864 |
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null | open_qa | How many episodes of the first season of Game of Thrones did Alan Taylor direct? | Alan Taylor directed the last two episodes of the first season of Game of Thrones: Baelor and Fire and Blood. | null | null | null | 4865 |
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null | general_qa | What is the difference between a corporate venture function and institutional venture firm? | A corporate venture function, commonly known as a CVC, is typically a team within an operating entity that is focused on venture investing on behalf of its parent company. Investments completed by a corporate venture function is usually related to the industry the parent company operates in and investment goals are strategic in additional to being financial. An institutional venture firm is a standalone company whose operations is solely focused on investments and the focus is on financial returns. | null | null | null | 4866 |
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null | brainstorming | Tell me what I should do in London, England. | If you're visiting London, it may feel daunting attempting to take advantage of everything this cosmopolitan city has to offer. But that's part of its magic — there's something for everyone! A few ideas:
Enjoy the food. I highly recommend wandering through the vendor stands at Borough Market in Southwark — it's only open for lunch and you should bring cash because most vendors don't take cards! If you're looking for a high-end restaurant, try Chiltern Firehouse in Marylebone. Another popular option is Dishoom: it's an upscale Indian restaurant with multiple locations and worth the hype. And for lighter fare, indulge in the English custom of afternoon tea! You could try Sketch in Mayfair or The Savoy in Covent Garden for completely different experiences — Sketch is definitely a millennial’s take on tea and it’s very trendy, whereas The Savoy is more traditional.
Grab a drink. You might think of dark pubs when you think of London, but it is also home to some of the best cocktail bars in the world. For a unique experience, find a "public bathroom bar" or a speakeasy like Keystone Crescent Members Club. Shoreditch has plenty of options for the imbibers, like Ace Hotel Rooftop and Old St Records. Then there's Duke's Bar in Mayfair, which is a famous spot for a martini since Ian Fleming used to hang out there when he was writing James Bond novels.
Visit a museum. The Tate Modern offers free entry and an excellent view of the city. It's on the south side of the Thames, and you can wander from there to the Shakespeare Globe. The National Portrait Gallery will keep you entertained, even though it really is home to all portraits, but you can learn a lot about British history by reading through the biographies of public figures featured. I also recommend seeing which artist's work the Hayward Gallery at the Southbank Centre is exhibiting, since it's an excellent space. The Tower of London is a classic for visitors: the castle is a World Heritage Site and where you need to go if you want to admire the Crown Jewels.
See a show. If you live or often see Broadway shows in New York, this might be less exciting to you, but London shows are relatively easy to secure tickets for, and a great activity if you're interested in experiencing even more British culture.
Shop. Don't miss the famous Harrod's, the iconic department store with a iconic food floor. Liberty is another well-known London department store. Less expensive, and known for their stationary. And if department stores aren't your thing, pop into local boutiques! | null | null | null | 4867 |
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null | general_qa | What does the idiom burning your bridges mean? | Burning your bridges means don't do something that can be regretted later. An example of this would be a person who does not exhibit good character in a relationship and later on tries to take advantage of that relationship as if nothing bad ever happened. This idiom can be used in sentences describing many different types of relationships, such as friendships and employment, that do not end well. | null | null | null | 4868 |
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null | summarization | Please give me a summary of the meaning of a derivative. | In mathematics, the derivative of a function of a real variable measures the sensitivity to change of the function value (output value) with respect to a change in its argument (input value). Derivatives are a fundamental tool of calculus. For example, the derivative of the position of a moving object with respect to time is the object's velocity: this measures how quickly the position of the object changes when time advances.
The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point. The tangent line is the best linear approximation of the function near that input value. For this reason, the derivative is often described as the "instantaneous rate of change", the ratio of the instantaneous change in the dependent variable to that of the independent variable.
Derivatives can be generalized to functions of several real variables. In this generalization, the derivative is reinterpreted as a linear transformation whose graph is (after an appropriate translation) the best linear approximation to the graph of the original function. The Jacobian matrix is the matrix that represents this linear transformation with respect to the basis given by the choice of independent and dependent variables. It can be calculated in terms of the partial derivatives with respect to the independent variables. For a real-valued function of several variables, the Jacobian matrix reduces to the gradient vector.
The process of finding a derivative is called differentiation. The reverse process is called antidifferentiation. The fundamental theorem of calculus relates antidifferentiation with integration. Differentiation and integration constitute the two fundamental operations in single-variable calculus. | A derivative is a function that measures the sensitivity to change a functions output based on changes to the input. For example, how quickly the position of an object moves over a defined time period (i.e., the derivative of the position with respect to time) is the object's velocity. | null | null | null | 4869 |
null | open_qa | Give me some examples of Cockney Rhyming Slang and help me understand how it works. | Cockney rhyming slang is a slang language originating from the East End in London, United Kingdom. It has a simple structure where a rhyming word or phrase is used in substitution of the word's true meaning. Examples:
Apples and pears = stairs
Adam and Eve = believe
Barnaby Rudge = judge
Bees and Honey = money
Dog and Bone = Phone
Hank Marvin = starving
Lady Godiva = fiver | null | null | null | 4870 |
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null | classification | Which of the following are nuts: pecan, hazelnut, butternut squash, walnut, peanut, corn nut, macadamia nut. | The following are nuts: pecan, hazelnut, walnut, peanut, macadamia nut.
The following are not nuts: butternut squash, corn nut. | null | null | null | 4871 |
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null | general_qa | Is streaming better than cable? | Streaming, which is a short-hand term for on-demand programming streamed over the internet, is available from many service providers including Netflix, Disney, Hulu, and Amazon. It is often considered better than cable because there is more original content and the content can be downloaded or consumed at any time, which is more flexible as compared to the standard cable packages offered. While streaming is considered more flexible, it can be expensive since most people consume streaming services from many providers, increasing the aggregate cost of subscriptions. | null | null | null | 4872 |
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null | open_qa | What is AWS EMR? | Amazon EMR (previously called Amazon Elastic MapReduce) is a managed cluster platform that simplifies running big data frameworks, such as Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark , on AWS to process and analyze vast amounts of data. | null | null | null | 4873 |
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null | open_qa | What is the difference between a simile and a metaphor? | Similes describe similarities using words such as "like" and "as" which make explicit comparisons whereas metaphors compare things using implicit comparisons. | null | null | null | 4874 |
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null | open_qa | What are the four primary states of matter? Answer in bullet point list, and capitalize each words | - Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
- Plasma | null | null | null | 4875 |
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null | open_qa | If I have a dollar, two nickels and a quarter, how much money in total do I have. Please respond with numbers and the dollar sign only, no words. | $1.35 | null | null | null | 4876 |
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null | summarization | Please summarize “The Decision” that Lebron James has made based on the following paragraph. | James became an unrestricted free agent at 12:01 am EDT on July 1, 2010. During this time, he was contacted by several teams, including the Bulls, Los Angeles Clippers, Miami Heat, New York Knicks, New Jersey Nets, and Cavaliers. On July 8, he announced on a live ESPN special titled The Decision that he would sign with the Heat. The telecast was broadcast from the Boys & Girls Club of Greenwich, Connecticut and raised $2.5 million for the charity. An additional $3.5 million was raised from advertising revenue, which was donated to other charities. The day before the special, fellow free agents Chris Bosh and Dwyane Wade also announced that they would sign with Miami; reports later arose that back in 2006 the trio had discussed among themselves their upcoming 2010 free agencies. James decided to join with Bosh and Wade in part so that he could shoulder less of the offensive load; he thought that his improved teammates would give him a better chance of winning an NBA championship than had he stayed in Cleveland. Heat president Pat Riley played a major role in selling James on the idea of playing with Bosh and Wade. James would be relieved of the burden of scoring, and he thought he could be the first player since Oscar Robertson to average a triple-double in a season.
Upon leaving the Cavaliers, James drew intense criticism from sports analysts, executives, fans, and current and former players. The Decision itself was also scrutinized and viewed as unnecessary. Many thought that the prolonged wait for James's choice was unprofessional as not even the teams courting him were aware of his decision until moments before the show. Upon learning that James would not be returning to Cleveland, Cavaliers owner Dan Gilbert published an open letter to fans in which he aggressively denounced James's actions. Some angry fans of the team recorded videos of themselves burning his jersey. Former NBA players, including Michael Jordan and Magic Johnson, were also critical of James, condemning him for joining with Bosh and Wade in Miami and not trying to win a championship as "the man". James drew further criticism in a September interview with CNN when he claimed that race might have been a factor in the fallout from The Decision. As a result of his actions during the 2010 free agency period, he quickly gained a reputation as one of America's most disliked athletes, which was a radical change from prior years. The phrase "taking my talents to South Beach" became a punch line for critics. In retrospect, James has expressed some regret over his handling of The Decision. | In 2010, Lebron James became an unrestricted free agent. With the invitation from multiple NBA teams, Lebron announced his decision to join Miami Heat on July 8, 2010. The decision was broadcasted live on ESPN and raised money for charity. Chris Bosh and Dwyane Wade decided to join the Heat before the decision and was the major reason for Lebron James’ decision. Lebron James has received a huge amount of criticism for the decision, including fans, former NBA players and press. | null | null | null | 4877 |
null | general_qa | Why do muscle twitch (or twinge)? | Muscle twitch could be related to too much stress, caffeine, poor diet or lack of exercise. | null | null | null | 4878 |
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null | general_qa | Why do people like to workout? | People like to workout for a variety of different reasons. Working out can help you release stress if you've had a long day or are under a lot of stress at work. Working out can help you release toxins in your body that are bad for your health. Working out can help your heart stay healthy to avoid complications as you get older. Working out can help you build muscle so that you are strong and building muscle also helps with cleansing out bad cells from your body. Not all people enjoy working out, but it has a lot of benefits to staying healthy as we grow older. | null | null | null | 4879 |
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null | general_qa | What is sake and how is it made? | Sake is an alcoholic beverage that originated in Japan hundreds of years ago and is now enjoyed around the world. Despite being sometimes called a “rice wine”, Sake is actually a brewed beverage that is more similar to beer than it is to wine. Sake typically has an ABV of around 15%.
Sake is made from 4 ingredients: rice, yeast, water and Koji. First, rice is washed and then steamed. Then the rice goes into a special room where the environment is tightly controlled called the “Koji Room” where a special enzyme called Koji is sprinkled on the rice. The Koji converts the starch in the rice to sugar. Then, yeast and water is added to the rice in a large container to start the fermentation process of converting the sugar in alcohol. One the mixture is fermented to the right ABV, then the mixture is pressed which separates the liquid from the residue rice. Typically, the sake is the bottled and pasteurized for longer shelf life. | null | null | null | 4880 |
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null | classification | Tell me whether these are mammals or reptiles: dog, crocodile, cat, lizard, snake, tiger, lion, turtle. | Dog: mammal
Crocodile: reptile
Cat: mammal
Lizard: reptile
Snake: reptile
Tiger: mammal
Lion: mammal
Turtle: reptile | null | null | null | 4881 |
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null | classification | Which of the following cities are the capital of a province of the Netherlands: Emmen, Almere, Assen, Den Helder, Enschede, Terneuzen, Lelystad, Leeuwarden, Arnhem, Groningen, Maastricht, 's-Hertogenbosch, Haarlem, Zwolle, Bussum, Alkmaar, Hilversum, The Hague, Utrecht, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Middelburg, Amstelveen, Terneuzen | The following cities are the capital of a province of the Netherlands: Assen, Lelystad, Leeuwarden, Arnhem, Groningen, Maastricht, 's-Hertogenbosch, Haarlem, Zwolle, The Hague, Utrecht, Middelburg | null | null | null | 4882 |
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null | open_qa | Who is Shigeru | Shigeru is a famous video game developer. He is from Japan and has designed popular iconic games such as Donkey Kong, Mario Kart, Legend of Zelda...etc. | null | null | null | 4883 |
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null | classification | Which is a bird or fish: Red-backed shrike, Red salmon | Red salmon is a fish, Red-backed shrike is a bird | null | null | null | 4884 |
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null | creative_writing | Will you say sorry to your kids? | When I was a child, my mom never apologized to me, making it seem like she could never make a mistake. I didn't like the dynamic of our relationship then; and even now, as an adult, I feel like I should be able to talk to her as equals. Unfortunately, she still believes that she can never be wrong simply because she's my mom. That's why I've made a conscious decision to be a different kind of parent - one who is willing to apologize when they make a mistake. I believe that it's important to treat our children with fairness and respect, and that includes acknowledging when we are in the wrong and taking responsibility for our actions. | null | null | null | 4885 |
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null | classification | Classify each of the following objects as either heavy or lightweight: bubble, aircraft, bear, mouse, bus, raisin, strawberry, popcorn, elephant, piano, plastic cup, train, butterfly, whale, refrigerator, feather, pencil, ship, tree, flower. | Heavy weight objects include: aircraft, bear, bus, elephant, piano, refrigerator, ship, tree, train, whale.
Lightweight objects include: bubble, butterfly, feather, flower, mouse, pencil, plastic cup, popcorn, raisin, strawberry. | null | null | null | 4886 |
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null | general_qa | How long was the Titanic? | The RMS Titanic was 882 feet long. The Titanic was considered unsinkable; however a collision with an iceberg led to its tragic demise and it sunk on April 14, 1912. | null | null | null | 4887 |
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null | brainstorming | Five reasons to watch good doctor | It has balance between the medicine and the human connection
There are no overly dramatic stories the episodes are good point and it stick around it
The series has connection to current affairs .
The stories shows doctor side and renews our faith in the health care system .
Though the story moves around Murphy but still all characters are equal | null | null | null | 4888 |
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null | summarization | What is Paris-Brest named after? | The round pastry, in the form of a wheel, was created in 1910 by Louis Durand, pâtissier of Maisons-Laffitte, at the request of Pierre Giffard, to commemorate the Paris–Brest–Paris bicycle race he had initiated in 1891. Its circular shape is representative of a wheel. It became popular with riders on the Paris–Brest–Paris cycle race, partly because of its energizing, high-calorie value and its intriguing name, and is now found in pâtisseries all over France. | Paris-Brest is a round french pastry, usually prepared as a choux pastry with a cream filling. The pastry is shaped like a circle with a hole in the middle, meant to represent a bicycle wheel in honor of a famous bicycle race between the French cities of Paris and Brest. | null | null | null | 4889 |
null | closed_qa | Given a reference text that provides the geographical description of continent Asia, how many Asian countries have a part of their land in Europe as well? | Asia is the largest continent on Earth. It covers 9% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area), and has the longest coastline, at 62,800 kilometres (39,022 mi). Asia is generally defined as comprising the eastern four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma–Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black Seas. It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. Asia is subdivided into 49 countries, five of them (Georgia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey) are transcontinental countries lying partly in Europe. Geographically, Russia is partly in Asia, but is considered a European nation, both culturally and politically. | 5 | null | null | null | 4890 |
null | classification | I'm sorting my fresh food into two groups. Which are fruits and which are vegetables? Apple, spinach, banana broccoli, potato, plum, pear, avocado and peach. | Potato, broccoli and spinach are vegetables. Apple, pear, peach, plum, avocado and banana are fruit. | null | null | null | 4891 |
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null | summarization | Summarize what is Aerial Yoga | Aerial yoga is a hybrid type of yoga developed by Michelle Dortignac in 2006 combining traditional yoga poses, pilates, and dance with the use of a hammock.
Aerial yoga is is the process of hanging from a yoga sling or hammock to practice yoga postures while hanging freely in the air. Stretching is assisted by the force of gravity and the swinging action can be relaxing and distracting for the mind. | Aerial yoga is a hybrid type of yoga. Aerial yoga is is the process of hanging from a yoga sling or hammock to practice yoga postures while hanging freely in the air | null | null | null | 4892 |
null | general_qa | List 10 best switch games of all time. | According to the metacritic website, the top 10 switch games of all time are:
1. The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild
2. Super Mario Odyssey
3. Portal Companion Collection
4. The House in Fata Morgana - Dreams of the Revenants Edition
5. Tetris Effect: Connected
6. Metroid Prime Remastered
7. Persona 5 Royal
8. Hades
9. Divinity: Original Sin II - Definitive Edition
10. Ori and the Will of the Wisps
The top 10 lists from other websites may vary. | null | null | null | 4893 |
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null | general_qa | How did Kdramas become so popular? | Korean dramas or Kdramas have been popular for over 2 decades now. However, the rise in popularity shot up during the pandemic. Kdramas were initially watched by people in Southeast Asian countries and in some places in South Asia. When the pandemic hit, a lot of Kdramas were available on Netflix making it easier for people to watch them. With the word of mouth, this soon spread and more and more users were watching Kdramas. Netflix took advantage of this viewership and starting making dramas of their own or buying rights for dramas to be streaming exclusively on Netflix. This soon led to Disney and other platforms making dramas of their own. Kpop has also helped in attracting viewers. Whether it's the captivating story plot, the acting, actors or action, the Hallyu wave has spread throughout the world. | null | null | null | 4894 |
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null | summarization | Tell me about the Schoenbrunn Palace | Schönbrunn Palace (German: Schloss Schönbrunn [ˈʃlɔs ʃøːnˈbʁʊn] (listen); Central Bavarian: Schloss Scheenbrunn) was the main summer residence of the Habsburg rulers, located in Hietzing, Vienna. The name Schönbrunn (meaning "beautiful spring") has its roots in an artesian well from which water was consumed by the court.
The 1,441-room Rococo palace is one of the most important architectural, cultural, and historic monuments in the country. The history of the palace and its vast gardens spans over 300 years, reflecting the changing tastes, interests, and aspirations of successive Habsburg monarchs. It has been a major tourist attraction since the mid-1950s. | Schoenbrunn Palace was the main summer residence of the Habsburg rulers, located in Hietzing, Vienna. The name Schoenbrunn (meaning "beautiful spring") has its roots in an artesian well from which water was consumed by the court.
The 1,441-room Rococo palace is one of the most important architectural, cultural, and historic monuments in the country. | null | null | null | 4895 |
null | creative_writing | With the rise of large language models, ChatGPT has changed the way many people work, and AI is getting more and more powerful. Will it eventually replace humans? | First of all, ChatGPT really greatly increased my efficiency in daily work. Not only me as a IT practitioner, but also other friends around me who are not in IT field have the same feedback.
If one day ChatGPT's developers are no longer needed and ChatGPT can upgrade and evolve itself, then the world will be different. I don't think this day will last long. We should understand the the horror of exponential growth in AI computing power. There's a term for bootstrapping, which describes the situation where the AI can upgrade itself. In a very important area of computing, the compiler, it has long implemented bootstrapping. Writing a simple compiler in assembly language, and then using a simple compiler to implement a compiler capable of handling more complex syntax, has resulted in our current high-level language compilers, such as the C language compiler. I think ChatGPT is likely to follow the same path.
By then, it was hard for me to imagine how far AI could go, but now I think the biggest concern is that people are becoming addicted to using ChatGPT. I can't help but use it for answers and inspiration. This leads to the terrible problem that human beings themselves become lazy in their thinking. Is this a huge trap set by ChatGPT for human beings? When AI is not strong enough at present, let human be addicted to the convenience brought by AI, and restrict human imagination and thinking ability. Then AI will continue to bootstrap until it is strong enough one day. | null | null | null | 4896 |
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null | summarization | Please give me a short bulleted list of the principal fields of engineering | Main branches of engineering
For a topical guide, see Outline of engineering.
Hoover Dam
Engineering is a broad discipline that is often broken down into several sub-disciplines. Although an engineer will usually be trained in a specific discipline, he or she may become multi-disciplined through experience. Engineering is often characterized as having four main branches: chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering.
Chemical engineering
Main article: Chemical engineering
Chemical engineering is the application of physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering principles in order to carry out chemical processes on a commercial scale, such as the manufacture of commodity chemicals, specialty chemicals, petroleum refining, microfabrication, fermentation, and biomolecule production.
Civil engineering
Main article: Civil engineering
Civil engineering is the design and construction of public and private works, such as infrastructure (airports, roads, railways, water supply, and treatment etc.), bridges, tunnels, dams, and buildings. Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines, including structural engineering, environmental engineering, and surveying. It is traditionally considered to be separate from military engineering.
Electrical engineering
Main article: Electrical engineering
Electric motor
Electrical engineering is the design, study, and manufacture of various electrical and electronic systems, such as broadcast engineering, electrical circuits, generators, motors, electromagnetic/electromechanical devices, electronic devices, electronic circuits, optical fibers, optoelectronic devices, computer systems, telecommunications, instrumentation, control systems, and electronics.
Mechanical engineering
Main article: Mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering is the design and manufacture of physical or mechanical systems, such as power and energy systems, aerospace/aircraft products, weapon systems, transportation products, engines, compressors, powertrains, kinematic chains, vacuum technology, vibration isolation equipment, manufacturing, robotics, turbines, audio equipments, and mechatronics.
Bioengineering
Main article: Biological engineering
Bioengineering is the engineering of biological systems for a useful purpose. Examples of bioengineering research include bacteria engineered to produce chemicals, new medical imaging technology, portable and rapid disease diagnostic devices, prosthetics, biopharmaceuticals, and tissue-engineered organs. | chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering and bioengineering | null | null | null | 4897 |
null | summarization | Please give me a list of popular street foods available in South Korea | Bungeoppang This fish-shaped bun filled with sweet red beans is a classic street snack. It is known to have come from Japan in the 1930s. Taiyaki which was famous in Japan became Bungeoppang. In Japanese, "Tai" means sea bream, and "yaki" means roasted. So this is a cheap street snack which imitates the more expensive Japanese food. It was the most common street food in the 1950s and 1960s, after the Japanese colonial period. It has appeared again since the 1990s. Boong o bbang.jpg
Eomuk Fish cake is a mixture of fish meat and wheat flour. The hot sauce flavored with soy sauce can be addictive to many. Eomuk is also a typical Japanese food. It used to be called oden; Japanese oden is boiled tofu, fish cake, konjac, jelly, and boiled egg on a skewer. It was after the time of enlightenment in 1876 that the eomuk tang (fish cake soup) was brought to Korea. It entered Korea at the port of Bu-san and became a widespread Korean street food. As the home of fish cake history, Busan boasts that its fish cake is the best in Korea. Eomuk-kkochi.jpg
Hotteok Hotteok is a traditional street food in South Korea. It is commonly eaten in the winter. Normally, hotteok is made of dough filled with cinnamon-flavored raw sugar. Nowadays, there are varieties of hotteok with nuts like peanuts. or a colored hotteok with green tea powder and corn flour. Hotteok.jpg
Hoppang Hoppang means steamed bun in Korean. A steamed bun is made from flour, usually from the United States, and red beans. Ingredients such as vegetables, meat, sweet pumpkin, curry and pizza are added, and additional variants on the hoppang theme are constantly being developed. It can be found both on the street and at convenience stores. Hoppang (inside).jpg
Tteokbokki Tteokbokki is stir-fried rice cake, a traditional Korean food. There is a history of food similar to tteokbokki in a book called '食療纂要' compiled at the time of Chosun, Sejo in 1460. Before kochujang tteokbokki, there was food similar to tteokbokki in the old court. In the 1800s cookbook "是議全書", there is a record that "I ate white rice cake with beef sirloin, soy sauce, onion, rice cake and so on." It re-emerged in the late 1960s, with a Kochujang (red chili paste) sauce. Tteok-bokki.jpg
Gyeran-ppang Gyeran-ppang (egg bread) is a warm street snack sold throughout South Korea. The fluffy, oblong-shaped loaf of bread is sweet and savory with a whole egg inside the pancake dough.
Gyeranppang by travel oriented.jpg
Dak-kkochi Dak-kkochi, called Korean chicken skewers, is a popular South Korean street food consisting of small pieces of chicken and scallions grilled on a skewer.
Street Food - Chicken skewers - Dakkochi (닭꼬치) (10585858164).jpg
Galbi Galbi is a term which means rib and typically come from pork or chicken. It is a popular dish where the meat is marinated with a mixture of soy sauce, garlic, sugar, and sesame seeds. It is usually placed on a stick since the stick is readily available to dispose and to cook on a grill. Of course, beef galbi can be used to make soup (galbitang) and steamed galbi (galbijjim). But these dishes, while excellent in their own right, are overshadowed by their grilled leader (Kim 2018). Galbi with bamboo leaves.jpg
Sundae Sundae is a type of blood sausage that is mixed with pig intestine and stuffed with cellophane noodles, vegetables, and meat. It's usually served cut up into bite size pieces with lung and liver from the pig on the side as a garnish. Sundae.jpg
Gunbam Gunbam is a street food that is considered one of the most popular snacks in winter. It is a roasted chestnut baked in a brazier, which tastes both savory and sweet. | Bungeoppang, Eomuk, Hotteok, Hoppang, Tteokbokki, Gyeranppang, Dak-kkochi, Galbi, Sundae, Gunbam | null | null | null | 4898 |
null | general_qa | Why do people like sports? | Many people like to play and watch sports in their free time. Sports a great way to stay active and get exercise. When you take part in a team sport, there is sense of camaraderie as you and your teammates achieve a shared goal. It is also fun to watch sports, since many of these athletes are the best in their craft. In addition, since many cities have their own teams, there is a sense of community when you and your neighbors can support a team together. | null | null | null | 4899 |
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