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null | closed_qa | What type of terrain is a gravel bike used for? | A gravel bicycle is a type of bicycle intended for gravel cycling, including gravel racing. They are also sometimes known as "adventure bicycles", particularly ones intended for harsher off-road terrain.
While bicycles have been used for riding on such roads since bicycles were invented, the "modern" gravel bicycle, as a category, evolved in the 2000s, adopting technology from road bicycles, cyclocross bicycles and mountain bikes. They also share many characteristics of touring bicycles, such as relaxed geometry, wide tires and wide-range gearing. | Gravel bikes are a do-it-all kind of bike. They are effective on a wide array of terrain, ranging from smooth roads to singletrack trails, but thrive on harsher off-road terrain. | null | null | null | 5000 |
null | general_qa | What is Kefir? | Kefir is a fermented drink made of milk. It is typically made by placing kefir grains in the milk of cows, goats or sheep, and leaving it to ferment overnight at room temperature. Originally from the North Caucasus, it is now popular across many regions in Eastern Europe. | null | null | null | 5001 |
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null | closed_qa | Given a reference text about Our Common Future, what was the purpose of the report? | Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report, was published on October 1987 by the United Nations through the Oxford University Press. This publication was in recognition of Gro Harlem Brundtland's, former Norwegian Prime Minister, role as Chair of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED).
Its targets were multilateralism and interdependence of nations in the search for a sustainable development path. The report sought to recapture the spirit of the Stockholm Conference which had introduced environmental concerns to the formal political development sphere. Our Common Future placed environmental issues firmly on the political agenda; it aimed to discuss the environment and development as one single issue.
The document was the culmination of a "900-day" international exercise which catalogued, analysed, and synthesised written submissions and expert testimony from "senior government representatives, scientists and experts, research institutes, industrialists, representatives of non-governmental organizations, and the general public" held at public hearings throughout the world.
The report defined 'sustainable development' as "Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". | The purpose of the Our Common Future report was to focus on environmental issues on the political agenda and to discuss sustainable development. | null | null | null | 5002 |
null | closed_qa | What is the biggest passenger airliner? | The Airbus A380 is a large wide-body airliner that was developed and produced by Airbus. It is the world's largest passenger airliner and only full-length double-deck jet airliner. Airbus studies started in 1988, and the project was announced in 1990 to challenge the dominance of the Boeing 747 in the long-haul market. The then-designated A3XX project was presented in 1994; Airbus launched the €9.5 billion ($10.7 billion) A380 programme on 19 December 2000. The first prototype was unveiled in Toulouse on 18 January 2005, with its first flight on 27 April 2005. It then obtained its type certificate from the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on 12 December 2006.
Due to difficulties with the electrical wiring, the initial production was delayed by two years and the development costs almost doubled. It was first delivered to Singapore Airlines on 15 October 2007 and entered service on 25 October. Production peaked at 30 per year in 2012 and 2014. However, after the largest customer, Emirates, reduced its last order in February 2019, Airbus announced that A380 production would end in 2021. On 16 December 2021, Emirates received its 123rd A380, which was the 251st and last delivered by Airbus. The $25 billion investment was not recouped.
The full-length double-deck aircraft has a typical seating for 525 passengers, with a maximum certified capacity for 853 passengers. The quadjet is powered by Engine Alliance GP7200 or Rolls-Royce Trent 900 turbofans providing a range of 8,000 nmi (14,800 km). As of December 2021, the global A380 fleet had completed more than 800,000 flights over 7.3 million block hours with no fatalities and no hull losses. As of December 2022, there were 237 aircraft in service with 16 operators worldwide. | A380 is the largest passenger airliner. It has a typical seating for 525 passengers, with a maximum certified capacity for 853 passengers and has a range of 14,800km. | null | null | null | 5003 |
null | brainstorming | Who are the greatest hockey players of all time? | The greatest hockey players of all time include Wayne Gretzky, Mario Lemieux, Bobby Orr, and Gordie Howe. | null | null | null | 5004 |
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null | closed_qa | Given this paragraph about Michel Warschawski, tell me the two organizations that Warschawski led during his life. | Michel Warschawski (Mikado) (born 25 July 1949) is an Israeli anti-Zionist activist. He led the Marxist Revolutionary Communist League (previously Matzpen-Jerusalem) until its demise in the 1990s, and founded the Alternative Information Center, a joint Palestinian-Israeli non-governmental organization, in 1984. | Michel Warschawski, an anti-Zionist activist, led the Marxist Revolutionary Communist League and later the Alternative Information Center. | null | null | null | 5005 |
null | classification | Categorize the below names into fishes and insects.
salmon, ant, bee, rohu, pike, wasp, beetle, carp, butterfly, cod, moth | Insects - ant, bee, wasp, beetle, butterfly, moth
Fish - salmon, rohu, carp, pike, cod | null | null | null | 5006 |
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null | classification | Classify the below places based on the country they belong to.
New Jersey, New York, Kolkata, New Delhi, Ohio, Oklahoma | New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma - USA
Kolkata, New Delhi - India | null | null | null | 5007 |
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null | closed_qa | Based on this paragraph about Brazilian jiu-jitsu. which martial arts influenced Jiu-Jitsu. | BJJ eventually came to be its own defined combat sport through the innovations, practices, and adaptation of Gracie jiu-jitsu and Judo, and became an essential martial art for modern MMA. Governing bodies such as the IBJJF work worldwide, and set the rules and standards to be held in sport BJJ competitions. | Jiu-jitsu and Judo | null | null | null | 5008 |
null | open_qa | What is a hardwired smoke detector? | A smoke detector is an alarm that is triggered by the presence of smoke. Hardwired smoke detectors are connected into the structures electrical wiring, as opposed to battery-operated smoke detectors. | null | null | null | 5009 |
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null | closed_qa | how many strings guitar have?
how guitar projects sound?
what are different types of guitar? | The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that typically has six strings. It is usually held flat against the player's body and played by strumming or plucking the strings with the dominant hand, while simultaneously pressing selected strings against frets with the fingers of the opposite hand. A plectrum or individual finger picks may also be used to strike the strings. The sound of the guitar is projected either acoustically, by means of a resonant chamber on the instrument, or amplified by an electronic pickup and an amplifier.
The guitar is classified as a chordophone – meaning the sound is produced by a vibrating string stretched between two fixed points. Historically, a guitar was constructed from wood with its strings made of catgut. Steel guitar strings were introduced near the end of the nineteenth century in the United States, nylon strings came in the 1940s. The guitar's ancestors include the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument.
There are three main types of modern guitar: the classical guitar (Spanish guitar/nylon-string guitar), the steel-string acoustic guitar or electric guitar, and the Hawaiian guitar (played across the player's lap). Traditional acoustic guitars include the flat top guitar (typically with a large sound hole) or an arch top guitar, which is sometimes called a "jazz guitar". The tone of an acoustic guitar is produced by the strings' vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar, which acts as a resonating chamber. The classical Spanish guitar is often played as a solo instrument using a comprehensive fingerstyle technique where each string is plucked individually by the player's fingers, as opposed to being strummed. The term "finger-picking" can also refer to a specific tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass, and country guitar playing in the United States. | A typical guitar have 6 strings but there are other guitars (bass guitar) which have 4-6 strings.
The sound of the guitar is projected either acoustically, by means of a resonant chamber on the instrument, or amplified by an electronic pickup and an amplifier.
There are three main types of modern guitar, the classical guitar, the steel string acoustic guitar or electric guitar, and the Hawaiian guitar which is played across player's lap. | null | null | null | 5010 |
null | classification | Classify each of the following as a city, state, or country: Dallas, Bozeman, Kentucky, Ohio, USA, Canada | Dallas: City
Bozeman: City
Kentucky: State
Ohio: State
USA: Country
Canada: Country | null | null | null | 5011 |
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null | general_qa | What is the difference between affect and effect? | Affect is a verb, and it means to impact or change. Effect is a noun, an effect is the result of a change. An example of each is as follows;
"Exercising is positively affecting my health”
“Exercise can have positive effects on your health” | null | null | null | 5012 |
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null | open_qa | Which author created Dick Tracy | Chester Gould | null | null | null | 5013 |
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null | general_qa | From the passage provided, extract the net retention rate using the format: NRR {x%}
Product revenue of $555.3 million in the fourth quarter, representing 54% year-over-year growth
Remaining performance obligations of $3.7 billion, representing 38% year-over-year growth
7,828 total customers
Net revenue retention rate of 158%
330 customers with trailing 12-month product revenue greater than $1 million
Authorized a $2.0 billion stock repurchase program | NRR 158% | null | null | null | 5014 |
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null | summarization | How many episodes is Lost the TV series? | Lost is an American science fiction drama television series created by Jeffrey Lieber, J. J. Abrams, and Damon Lindelof that aired on ABC from September 22, 2004, to May 23, 2010, over six seasons, comprising a total of 121 episodes. The show contains elements of supernatural fiction, and follows the survivors of a commercial jet airliner flying between Sydney and Los Angeles, after the plane crashes on a mysterious island somewhere in the South Pacific Ocean. Episodes typically feature a primary storyline set on the island, augmented by flashback or flashforward sequences which provide additional insight into the involved characters. | Lost has 6 seasons with 121 episodes. | null | null | null | 5015 |
null | open_qa | Which author wrote the ‘Winnie-the-Pooh’ books? | A. A. Milne | null | null | null | 5016 |
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null | open_qa | In Casablanca what is the name of the nightclub | Rick's | null | null | null | 5017 |
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null | classification | What type of movie is Nope? | Nope is a science-fiction horror movie released in 2022. | null | null | null | 5018 |
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null | brainstorming | What are the five best sports cars to buy right now, under $200K USD? | Assuming now authorized dealer markups (ADMs), the following cars are often considered among the best sports cars under $200K.
1. Porsche 992 GT3, 2. Audi R8 V10, 3. Chevrolet C8 Z06 Corvette, 4. Porsche 718 GT4, 5. Acura NSX | null | null | null | 5019 |
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null | creative_writing | What is a CRM? | Customer relationship management is a process in which a business or other organization administers its interactions with customers, typically using data analysis to study large amounts of information. | null | null | null | 5020 |
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null | creative_writing | Create a dialogue between two characters discussing the impact of social media on their lives. Your dialogue should explore both the positive and negative effects of social media on society. | Glen: "Man, I've been feeling terrible lately. Just the worst anxiety. I've been spending too much time on social media."
Rashid: "I hear ya. It can really mess with your mood. I find it helps if I participate less and just, well, consume content. Curate it, too. I take some time to make sure I don't get all the political garbage or downer stuff."
Glen: "I can't do that. I get fired up too easily, man. I'm just reading, like, an article on cats and then someone in the comments goes off about how cat owners are stupid, and I reply, and then my night's ruined."
Rashid: "Don't ever read the comments!" <laughs>
Glen: "I know, man; I know! But I'm not talking about just that. I get on Twitter and I just see all this, I don't know, anger and trolling and negativity. And it gets to me. I start to think everything's worse than it is."
Rashid: "That's why you really need to use the tools the sites provide to aggressively curate what you see. Block people and brands. Get rid of annoying friends. Choose and refine categories for subjects you participate in. You have to tell the algorithm what you don't want. It's not perfect, but these days, I really only see family stuff, cats, and exotic car stuff on Facebook. Same for Pinterest and Instagram."
Glen: "Even then, it feels like the internet just wants to trick me all the time. Ads, appeals for money, grifts of all sorts, email scams. Like this is some seriously extractive capitalism nonsense, and that makes me tired, too. But I can't seem to stop engaging with it!"
Rashid: "Then limit your time to what you can actually manage. Set timers, if you have to. Focus on the apps you have more control over, more ability to curate effectively. You gotta make the internet work for you now. Find communities but also be skeptical and suss them out before you dive into participating. And just be streetwise. If you think something's a scam, it probably is. Walk away."
Glen: "I thought you'd tell me to go outside!"
Rashid: "Well, I was gonna get to that..." | null | null | null | 5021 |
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null | general_qa | Give me a list of important things to take on an international trip | Here's a list of most important things you need on an international trip :
1. Passport and visa : All documents required to get into the destination and get back. Make sure all the documents are valid and are not going to expire within 6 months of your trip.
2. Money : Ensure that you have the appropriate amount of money you need. Check if the debit/credit cards are going to work seamlessly in your destination country. In some places, it is helpful to carry local currency while others might prefer transactions through mobile apps (Wepay, GPay, etc).
3. Medications : Ensure that you have enough supply of any prescribed medications. Even the generic medicines might be hard to find in some places.
4. Clothing : Pack the right kind of clothes, layers, and footwear depending on the destination weather and planned activities.
5. Internet and Phone connection : Plan to have international roaming enabled on your devices or buy local prepaid phone plans. When using your existing phone plan, validate that it supports the network in your destination country. In some countries, the free wifi access requires a local phone number.
5. Chargers and adapters : Different countries use different power outlets. Make sure to carry power adapters and chargers for all your devices. While traveling, it is useful to carry a portable charging bank.
6. Itinerary and reservation details : Carry physical and electronic copies of the travel plans and all reservation details.
7. Apps and guidebooks : Carry language apps and guidebooks to help you with common phrases and in getting around. Also familiarize yourself with the local customs. | null | null | null | 5022 |
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null | closed_qa | Given this reference paragrah, who directed "The Man in the Saddle?" | The Man in the Saddle (German: Der Mann im Sattel) is a 1945 German film directed by and starring Harry Piel. | Harry Piel | null | null | null | 5023 |
null | open_qa | What is an Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) | Its a collection of assets that trades on an exchange. They can include shares, bonds, commodities and currencies. | null | null | null | 5024 |
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null | summarization | Where is the economic independence museum located | Isbank Museum is a museum in Ankara, Turkey. The official name of the museum is "Economic Independence Museum" (Türkiye İş Bankası İktisadi Bağımsızlık Müzesi) This is the second museum of the bank the first being the İşbank Museum in İstanbul. The museum is in Ulus Square facing the Victory Monument at 39°56′34″N 32°51′17″E. | The Isbank Museum is a museum in Ankara, Turkey. The official name of the museum is Economic Independence Museum. This is the second museum of the bank the first being the Isbank Museum in Istanbul. The museum is in Ulus Square facing the Victory Monument at 39°56′34″N 32°51′17″E. | null | null | null | 5025 |
null | information_extraction | What is the main source of electricity generation in France? | According to the International Energy Agency, France has historically generated a very low level of carbon dioxide emissions compared to other G7 economies due to its reliance on nuclear energy. Energy in France is generated from five primary sources: coal, natural gas, liquid fuels, nuclear power, and renewables. In 2020, nuclear power made up the largest portion of electricity generation, at around 78%. Renewables accounted for 19.1% of energy consumption. France has the largest share of nuclear electricity in the world. The country is also among the world's biggest net exporters of electricity. The country is increasingly investing in renewable energy and has set a target of 32% by 2030. | The electricity production in France is dominated by nuclear power that accounted around 78% of electricity generation in 2020. | null | null | null | 5026 |
null | general_qa | Classify the following into animals and plants: dog, cat, tiger, roses, tulips, pencil, sofa | The classification can be seen below:
- Animals: dog, cat, tiger
- Plants: tulips, roses
- Not included: pencil, sofa | null | null | null | 5027 |
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null | brainstorming | Provide me with a list of boy names that are currently popular. | Boy names that are currently popular include Liam, Noah, Oliver, Elijah, James, William, and Benjamin. | null | null | null | 5028 |
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null | brainstorming | Name three creative ways to utilize plastic wrap other than sealing food to keep it fresh. | 1. If you have wounds in your body and want to take a shower while keeping the wounded area dry, you can wrap that area with plastic wrap closely to prevent water from coming in.
2. If you are moving and have lots of fragile items (like monitors, chairs, etc), you can wrap your furniture or electronics with plastic wrap to prevent damages.
3. If you have an outdoor garden mini greenhouse and want to prevent cold air from getting into it at night, you can wrap the bottom of the greenhouse with plastic wrap so that it is airtight. | null | null | null | 5029 |
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null | closed_qa | What is the largest city in the world? | A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries, otherwise known as city proper. UNICEF defines city proper as, "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority." A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form of local government. Cities proper and their boundaries and population data may not include suburbs.
The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives. Because of this definition, the city proper population figure may differ greatly with the urban area population figure, as many cities are amalgamations of smaller municipalities (Australia), and conversely, many Chinese cities govern territories that extend well beyond the traditional "city proper" into suburban and rural areas. The Chinese municipality of Chongqing, which claims the largest city proper in the world by population, comprises a huge administrative area of 82,403 km2, around the size of Austria. However, more than 70% of its 30-million population are actually agricultural workers living in a rural setting. | ChoingQing, China is the largest city proper in the world by population. It has a huge administrative area of 82403 km2. While, it governs territories that covers both suburban and rural areas, which extend well beyond the traditional city proper. | null | null | null | 5030 |
null | creative_writing | Please write a travel plan to Los Angeles. | LA is the second largest city in America, and also one of the most famous city in the world. To have a great tour in LA, you should at least prepare 4 days.
Day 1: Start your day in Gatty Center, then visit Hollywood and take a walk to the Hollywood sign in the afternoon. In the evening, you can go to Griffith Observational to see the landscape of the city.
Day 2: Visit Universal Studio Hollywood, and stay at the city walk for the night.
Day 3: Disneyland! Nobody can refuse Disney
Day 4: Find a beach to spend the time. Santa Monica, Malibu, Hermosa, Laguna Beach are good choices. | null | null | null | 5031 |
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null | information_extraction | From which countries is the aurora borealis visible? | An aurora (pl: auroras or aurorae), also commonly known as the polar lights, is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). Auroras display dynamic patterns of brilliant lights that appear as curtains, rays, spirals, or dynamic flickers covering the entire sky.
Auroras are the result of disturbances in the magnetosphere caused by the solar wind. Major disturbances result from enhancements in the speed of the solar wind from coronal holes and coronal mass ejections. These disturbances alter the trajectories of charged particles in the magnetospheric plasma. These particles, mainly electrons and protons, precipitate into the upper atmosphere (thermosphere/exosphere). The resulting ionization and excitation of atmospheric constituents emit light of varying colour and complexity. The form of the aurora, occurring within bands around both polar regions, is also dependent on the amount of acceleration imparted to the precipitating particles.
In northern latitudes, the effect is known as the aurora borealis or the northern lights. The former term was coined by Galileo in 1619, from the Roman goddess of the dawn and the Greek name for the north wind. The southern counterpart, the aurora australis or the southern lights, has features almost identical to the aurora borealis and changes simultaneously with changes in the northern auroral zone. The aurora australis is visible from high southern latitudes in Antarctica, Chile, Argentina, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. The aurora borealis is visible from areas around the Arctic such as Alaska, the Canadian Territories, Iceland, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Siberia. On rare occasions the aurora borealis can be seen as far south as the Mediterranean and the southern states of the US. | The aurora borealis is visible from areas around the Arctic such as Alaska, the Canadian Territories, Iceland, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Siberia. On rare occasions the aurora borealis can be seen as far south as the Mediterranean and the southern states of the US. | null | null | null | 5032 |
null | classification | Classify the below devices based on the brand which manufactures them.
iPhone, iPad, MacBook, Pixel watch, Galaxy phone | iPhone, iPad, MacBook - Apple
Pixel watch - Google
Galaxy phone - Samsung | null | null | null | 5033 |
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null | creative_writing | What season is the best season to visit Chicago? | The best 90 days of the year in Chicago is summer. The weather is usually always hot! You can run/walk/bike on the lakefront path, rent a boat and go to the "playpen", enjoy a Chicago street festival. Everyone is out and about and it's a marked change from winter. | null | null | null | 5034 |
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null | closed_qa | Given the reference text below, what is Air Jordan? | Air Jordan is a line of basketball shoes and athletic apparel produced by American corporation Nike, Inc. The first Air Jordan shoe was produced for Hall of Fame former basketball player Michael Jordan during his time with the Chicago Bulls in late 1984 and released to the public on April 1, 1985. The shoes were designed for Nike by Peter Moore, Tinker Hatfield, and Bruce Kilgore. | Air Jordan is a line of basketball shoes produced by Nike and Michael Jordan, first released in public on 1st April 1985. | null | null | null | 5035 |
null | classification | Is three body problem solved? | there is no generic closed form solution to three body problem. There are some special case solutions, more can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-body_problem | null | null | null | 5036 |
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null | closed_qa | What sound was 'This Mortal Coil' known for? | This Mortal Coil were a British music collective led by Ivo Watts-Russell, founder of the British record label 4AD. Although Watts-Russell and John Fryer were the only two official members, the band's recorded output featured a large rotating cast of supporting artists, many of whom were otherwise associated with 4AD, including members of Cocteau Twins, Pixies and Dead Can Dance. The project became known for its gothic, dream pop sound, and released three full albums, beginning in 1984 with It'll End in Tears. | This Mortal Coil known for its gothic, dream pop sound. | null | null | null | 5037 |
null | open_qa | Name some of the top soccer players | Pele
Messi
Ronaldo
Ronaldinho
Zinedine Zidane
Mbappe | null | null | null | 5038 |
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null | classification | Which of the following countries are in Europe, and which are in the rest of the world: Nicaragua, Australia, Austria, New Zealand, Marocco, Spain, Greece, China, Chile? | Austria, Spain and Greece are in Europe. Nicaragua, Australia, New Zealand, Marocco, China and Chile are in the rest of the world. | null | null | null | 5039 |
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null | general_qa | What are some good techniques for cooking a steak? | Most would agree that the most important element of cooking a steak to get optimal flavor is to be able to achieve very high heat on the cooking surface. High heat would be 500 degrees or more.
Where opinion varies is when to put the steak onto that high heat surface.
The more traditional technique calls for searing the steak on both sides first, and then cooking it until you hit your target temperature.
But more and more, people seem to prefer what many call a "reverse sear" technique, in which you would slow roast the steak until it is near done, and then placing the steak on the high heat surface to achieve a very dark, even sear all over the steak's surface. | null | null | null | 5040 |
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null | creative_writing | Explain why Key West is a great location for a vacation. | Key West is a great place to go for various reasons. It provides a lot of the same allure that the Caribbean offers, however, still remains within the US. Therefore, you do not have to worry about a passport, customs, or anything that deals with traveling internationally. It sits as an island off the coast of mainland Florida and has some of the clearest blue water. While it is an island and has several beaches, it also has a great downtown. Duvall street specifically is filled with restaurants, bars, shops and other attractions for tourists. It is a ton of fun and has something for everyone. For some people who just want to sit near the water and relax, its great for that - for someone who likes to be active and enjoy going out at night it has that as well. With so many options, it's a great destination for couples as well as groups of people depending on the occasion. Between everything mentioned and not having to worry about going through customs, forgetting your passport (or anything else that can happen when traveling internationally), etc - Key West serves as a relatively lower maintenance excursion, while reaping the same benefits as going somewhere tropical. | null | null | null | 5041 |
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null | summarization | Provide a short, bulleted summary of what historians consider the cause of the War of 1812 | Since the conclusion of the War of 1812, historians have long debated the relative weight of the multiple reasons underlying its origins.
During the nineteenth century, historians generally concluded that war was declared largely over national honour, neutral maritime rights and the British seizure of neutral ships and their cargoes on the high seas. This theme was the basis of President James Madison's war message to Congress on June 1, 1812. At the turn of the 20th century, much of the contemporary scholarship re-evaluated this explanation and began to focus more on non-maritime factors as significant contributing causes as well. However, historian Warren H. Goodman warns that too much focus on these ideas can be equally misleading.
In disagreeing with those interpretations that have simply stressed expansionism and minimized maritime causation, historians have ignored deep-seated American fears for national security, dreams of a continent completely controlled by the republican United States, and the evidence that many Americans believed that the War of 1812 would be the occasion for the United States to achieve the long-desired annexation of Canada. [...] Thomas Jefferson well summarized American majority opinion about the war [...] to say "that the cession of Canada [...] must be a sine qua non at a treaty of peace." - Horsman
Historian Richard Maass argues that the expansionist theme is a myth that goes against the "relative consensus among experts that the primary American objective was the repeal of British maritime restrictions". He says that scholars agree that the United States went to war "because six years of economic sanctions had failed to bring Britain to the negotiating table, and threatening the Royal Navy's Canadian supply base was their last hope". Maass agrees that expansionism might have tempted Americans on a theoretical level, but he finds that "leaders feared the domestic political consequences of doing so", particularly because such expansion "focused on sparsely populated western lands rather than the more populous eastern settlements". To what extent that American leaders considered the question of pursuing territory in Canada, those questions "arose as a result of the war rather than as a driving cause." However, Maass accepts that many historians continue to believe that expansionism was a cause.
Reginald Horsman sees expansionism as a secondary cause after maritime issues, noting that many historians have mistakenly rejected expansionism as a cause for the war. He notes that it was considered key to maintaining sectional balance between free and slave states thrown off by American settlement of the Louisiana Territory and widely supported by dozens of War Hawk congressmen such as Henry Clay, Felix Grundy, John Adams Harper and Richard Mentor Johnson, who voted for war with expansion as a key aim. However, Horsman states that in his view "the desire for Canada did not cause the War of 1812" and that "The United States did not declare war because it wanted to obtain Canada, but the acquisition of Canada was viewed as a major collateral benefit of the conflict".
However, other historians believe that a desire to permanently annex Canada was a direct cause of the war.[full citation needed] Carl Benn notes that the War Hawks' desire to annex the Canadas was similar to the enthusiasm for the annexation of Spanish Florida by inhabitants of the American South as both expected war to facilitate expansion into long-desired lands and end support for hostile tribes (Tecumseh's Confederacy in the North and the Creek in the South).
Alan Taylor says that many Democratic-Republican congressmen such as John Adams Harper, Richard Mentor Johnson and Peter Buell Porter "longed to oust the British from the continent and to annex Canada". A few Southerners opposed this, fearing an imbalance of free and slave states if Canada was annexed. Anti-Catholicism also caused many to oppose annexing the mainly Catholic Lower Canada, believing its French-speaking inhabitants unfit "for republican citizenship".
Even major figures such as Henry Clay and James Monroe expected to keep at least Upper Canada in an easy conquest. Notable American generals such as William Hull issued proclamations to Canadians during the war promising republican liberation through incorporation into the United States. General Alexander Smyth similarly declared to his troops when they invaded Canada that "you will enter a country that is to become one of the United States. You will arrive among a people who are to become your fellow-citizens". However, a lack of clarity about American intentions undercut these appeals.
David and Jeanne Heidler argue that "most historians agree that the War of 1812 was not caused by expansionism but instead reflected a real concern of American patriots to defend United States' neutral rights from the overbearing tyranny of the British Navy. That is not to say that expansionist aims would not potentially result from the war". However, they also argue otherwise, saying that "acquiring Canada would satisfy America's expansionist desires", also describing it as a key goal of western expansionists who, they argue, believed that "eliminating the British presence in Canada would best accomplish" their goal of halting British support for tribal raids. They argue that the "enduring debate" is over the relative importance of expansionism as a factor, and whether "expansionism played a greater role in causing the War of 1812 than American concern about protecting neutral maritime rights".
In the 1960s, the work of Norman K. Risjord, Reginald Horsman, Bradford Perkins and Roger Brown established a new eastern maritime consensus. While these authors approached the origins of the war from many perspectives, they all conceded that British maritime policy was the principal cause of the war. | Different historians believe the war of 1812 was caused by:
1. National honor, neutral maritime rights, and naval ship seizures
2. Desire by the United States to permanently annex Canada
3. British maritime policy and its perceived threat on the United States | null | null | null | 5042 |
null | open_qa | Which Roman general was conspired against and assassinated that is quoted "Et tu, Brute?"? | Julius Cesar | null | null | null | 5043 |
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null | open_qa | What is the difference between basketball and netball? | Basketball and netball are similar, but the team numbers, rules, and equipment are different. Basketball has ten players, players can dribble and run with the ball, and the ball and basket are larger. Netball has seven players, players are not allowed to dribble or run with the ball, and the ball and basket are slightly smaller. Netball was originally developed as a women's sport although modern-day men now play netball as well. | null | null | null | 5044 |
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null | classification | Are dogs carnivores or omnivores? | Well, they're omnivores since dogs eat both plant based and animal based food. | null | null | null | 5045 |
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null | classification | Which is a species of fish? Trout or Bear | Trout | null | null | null | 5046 |
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null | general_qa | How do I maintain friendships? | Friendships flourish when you put effort into maintaining them.
Make time for your friends, and make memories together. Make plans to meet up with your friends regularly, turn up and do things that you both enjoy.
Stay in contact with your friends by reaching out to them. It does not have to be every day, but, at least once a month, check in with them to see how they are doing.
Keep a record of your friend’s important dates, for example their birthday. On these dates, send a card and gift to them. This will show them that you care.
If a friend is dealing with a difficult personal situation, you should be there for them by offering your support and checking in with them more frequently.
Friendships work both ways and so your friends should also be making an effort with you. | null | null | null | 5047 |
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null | open_qa | What is HTTP? | Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a method for encoding and transporting information between a client (such as a web browser) and a web server. HTTP is the primary protocol for transmission of information across the Internet. | null | null | null | 5048 |
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null | brainstorming | Why Santorini is Famous | Because it has nice beaches and mountain resorts. The view is spectacular | null | null | null | 5049 |
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null | closed_qa | Given this paragraph about Singapore, who was Singapore's first president? | After being expelled from Malaysia, Singapore became independent as the Republic of Singapore on 9 August 1965, with Lee Kuan Yew and Yusof bin Ishak as the first prime minister and president respectively. In 1967, the country co-founded the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Race riots broke out once more in 1969. Lee Kuan Yew's emphasis on rapid economic growth, support for business entrepreneurship, and limitations on internal democracy shaped Singapore's policies for the next half-century. Economic growth continued throughout the 1980s, with the unemployment rate falling to 3% and real GDP growth averaging at about 8% up until 1999. During the 1980s, Singapore began to shift towards high-tech industries, such as the wafer fabrication sector, in order to remain competitive as neighbouring countries began manufacturing with cheaper labour. Singapore Changi Airport was opened in 1981 and Singapore Airlines was formed. The Port of Singapore became one of the world's busiest ports and the service and tourism industries also grew immensely during this period. | Yusof bin Ishak | null | null | null | 5050 |
null | general_qa | What is freedom? | Freedom could mean something different for every person in the world. In this time and place I think of freedom as the ability to make my own decisions. | null | null | null | 5051 |
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null | open_qa | How many provinces contain the word ‘Holland’? | There are 6 provinces in the Netherlands that contain the word ‘Holland’. These provinces are North Holland, South Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Flevoland, and Gelderland. | null | null | null | 5052 |
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null | classification | Tell me whether these states and provinces are in Canada or USA: Alabama, Ontario, British Columbia, South Dakota, Quebec, Minnesota, Wisconsin | Alabama: USA
Ontario: Canada
British Columbia: Canada
South Dakota: USA
Quebec: Canada
Minnesota: USA
Wisconsin: USA | null | null | null | 5053 |
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null | brainstorming | What are some ideas for a birthday celebration for a 4 year-old boy? | Birthday celebrations for 4 year-old boys are a great occasion to bring people together and make the birthday boy feel loved. Here are some great ideas that may be perfect for the 4 year old in your life:
1. Pool Party - If you have access to a pool, having your party with the pool being the centerpiece is great fun. The kids can swim and splash while the parents visit together on the deck. Food, drink and birthday cake are essential to the fun! Just be thoughtful about keeping the eating and swimming as two distinct activities during the party.
2. Pizza making party - This is great for the kids and the parents alike. You can get fresh pizza dough from most any grocery store. Have bowls of sauce, mozzarella cheese, meats, and vegetables that each member of the party can choose the ingredients they want on their pizza. Let each person make their own. Have the oven hot and ready to cook the pizzas as your guests prepare their own special concoction. While people are waiting, you can do things like have games, have a sing-a-long, or just visit.
3. Outdoor organized games - Pick four or five organized games and have some of the adults be the facilitators. Divide the attendees into teams, mix the teams up and just make sure everyone is being included. After the games, or at a halfway mark, break for food and cake!
These are just a few ideas. Let your imagination run freely. Anything that creates fun, includes everyone, makes the birthday boy feel loved and includes food, you'll have a winning celebration! | null | null | null | 5054 |
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null | closed_qa | Given the reference text about Mother Teresa's international charity, how many languages did Mother Teresa speak? | Mother Teresa said, "By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world. As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus." Fluent in five languages – Bengali, Albanian, Serbian, English and Hindi – she made occasional trips outside India for humanitarian reasons. At the height of the Siege of Beirut in 1982, Mother Teresa rescued 37 children trapped in a front-line hospital by brokering a temporary cease-fire between the Israeli army and Palestinian guerrillas. Accompanied by Red Cross workers, she travelled through the war zone to the hospital to evacuate the young patients. When Eastern Europe experienced increased openness in the late 1980s, Mother Teresa expanded her efforts to Communist countries which had rejected the Missionaries of Charity. She began dozens of projects, undeterred by criticism of her stands against abortion and divorce: "No matter who says what, you should accept it with a smile and do your own work." She visited Armenia after the 1988 earthquake and met with Soviet Premier Nikolai Ryzhkov. Mother Teresa travelled to assist the hungry in Ethiopia, radiation victims at Chernobyl and earthquake victims in Armenia. In 1991 she returned to Albania for the first time, opening a Missionaries of Charity Brothers home in Tirana. By 1996, the Missionaries of Charity operated 517 missions in over 100 countries. The number of sisters in the Missionaries of Charity grew from twelve to thousands, serving the "poorest of the poor" in 450 centres worldwide. The first Missionaries of Charity home in the United States was established in the South Bronx area of New York City, and by 1984 the congregation operated 19 establishments throughout the country. | Mother Teresa was fluent in five languages, namely Bengali, Albanian, Serbian, English and Hindi. | null | null | null | 5055 |
null | summarization | Write some important points regarding Family Justice Council using given text as a reference | The Family Justice Council, established in 2004, is an advisory, non-statutory, non-departmental public body sponsored by the Judicial Office of England and Wales. It provides independent expert advice, from an inter-disciplinary perspective, on the operation and reform of the family justice system to the Family Justice Board (jointly chaired by ministers from the Ministry of Justice and Department for Education) and Government. It is chaired by the President of the Family Division, and in August 2012 became part of the President's office. | 1. The Judicial Office of England and Wales sponsors the Family Justice Council, an advisory, non-statutory, non-departmental public organisation founded in 2004.
2. It offers independent professional advice to the Family law Board, which is jointly chaired by ministers from the Ministry of Justice and Department for Education, as well as the Government on how to run and reform the family law system.
3. It is presided over by the Family Division President and joined the President's office in August 2012. | null | null | null | 5056 |
null | open_qa | What's the hardest mineral? | Diamond is the hardest mineral on earth. | null | null | null | 5057 |
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null | closed_qa | Based on the reference text, what colors do the Tampa Bay Rowdies wear and what stadium do they play in? | The Tampa Bay Rowdies are an American professional soccer team based in St. Petersburg, Florida. The club was founded in 2008 and first took the pitch in 2010. Since 2017, the Rowdies have been members of the USL Championship in the second tier of the American soccer pyramid. They formerly played in USSF Division 2 (in 2010) and the North American Soccer League (NASL) (from 2011 to 2016), which were also second-tier leagues. The Rowdies play their home games at Al Lang Stadium on St. Petersburg's downtown waterfront.
The current club is a phoenix club of the original Tampa Bay Rowdies, who were active from 1975 until 1993, most notably in the original North American Soccer League. It shares its name, logo, and some of its club culture with the original club. The owners of the current club announced their intention to use the old Rowdies' trademarks at its introductory press conference in 2008. However, licensing issues forced the club to use the name FC Tampa Bay until December 2011, when it gained full rights to the Rowdies name and other intellectual property. The current Rowdies have always used the same green and yellow color scheme and "hoops" as the original team, even when they could not yet use the Rowdies name.
The Rowdies captured the NASL championship in Soccer Bowl 2012, and their team shield includes two stars: one for their 2012 win and one for the 1975 Soccer Bowl championship won by the original Rowdies. The club has had a long-standing rivalry with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers, with whom they have contested the Florida Derby since the original Rowdies and Strikers first met in 1977. The Rowdies were also named co-league champions in 2020 after winning the USL Regular Season title and Eastern Conference Championship, but the title game was canceled due to COVID-19. They were Eastern Conference Champions again in 2021, but lost in the title game.
In October 2018, the Tampa Bay Rays, the area's Major League Baseball franchise, announced plans to purchase the Rowdies and assume control of Al Lang Stadium. | The Tampa Bay Rowdies wear green and yellow and play in Al Lang Stadium in downtown St. Petersburg. | null | null | null | 5058 |
null | information_extraction | Which brands does Geely own? | Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd (ZGH), commonly known as Geely (吉利 /ˈdʒiːliː/ "auspicious"), is a Chinese multinational automotive company headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. The company is privately held by Chinese billionaire entrepreneur Li Shufu. It was established in 1986 and entered the automotive industry in 1997 with its Geely Auto subsidiary. Geely Auto is currently the seventh largest automobile manufacturer in China, with 1.328 million sales in China in 2021. Globally, the group sold over 2.2 million cars in 2021, and over 17,926 plug-in electric vehicles in January 2022.
The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding - such as Geely Auto, Geometry, Maple, and Zeekr - and under foreign-located subsidiaries - such as Volvo Cars, Polestar, Lynk & Co, Proton, and Lotus - as well as commercial only vehicles under the London EV Company, Ouling Auto and Farizon Auto brands. It also produces electric vehicles under some of the previously listed brandings, and motorcycles under its subsidiary Zhejiang Geely Ming Industrial (Jiming and Geely brands), Qianjiang Motorcycle (QJMotor and Keeway brands) and Benelli. In September 2022 the group acquired a 7.6% shareholding in Aston Martin Lagonda Global Holdings plc, the ultra-luxury British performance brand Aston Martin. | Chinese automotive company Geely owns brands such as Geely Auto, Geometry, Maple, Zeekr, Volvo Cars, Polsetar, Lynk & Co, Proton, Lotus, London EV Company, Ouling Auto and Farizon Auto. | null | null | null | 5059 |
null | general_qa | Who is the best tennis player of all time? | To name the best tennis player of all time is not a simple answer, but there seems to be wide agreement that the short list includes Roger Federer, Novak Djokovic, and Rafael Nadal. All three are very close to each other in total Grand Slam titles, and have competitive records against each other. They are all head and shoulders above every other player of their era, as well as players from past eras when it comes to win/loss records. | null | null | null | 5060 |
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null | open_qa | Who is better : Superman or Batman? | When it comes down to it, in every aspect, Superman is better than Batman. Superman is stronger, he's been around longer, he's a hard-working man, and he's just a better person. | null | null | null | 5061 |
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null | open_qa | Name some famous basketball players from the 1960's and 1970's | Oscar Robertson, George Mikan, John Havlicek, Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and Bill Bradley are all examples of outstanding basketball players from the early days of the National Basketball Association. | null | null | null | 5062 |
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null | classification | Classify each of the following countries as Middle Eastern or Central American: Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador | Afghanistan: Middle Eastern
Iraq: Middle Eastern
Syria: Middle Eastern
Nicaragua: Central American
Honduras: Central American
El Salvador: Central American | null | null | null | 5063 |
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null | closed_qa | Is the capital city and the largest city of Chile same or different? | Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country located in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. With an area of 756,096 square kilometers (291,930 sq mi) and a population of 17.5 million as of 2017, Chile shares borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. The country also controls several Pacific islands, including Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island, and claims about 1,250,000 square kilometers (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica as the Chilean Antarctic Territory.[nb 2] The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago, and the national language is Spanish. | They are the same. Santiago. | null | null | null | 5064 |
null | information_extraction | Extract when were the universities of Palencia and Salamanca established | The 13th century also witnessed the Crown of Aragon, centred in Spain's north east, expand its reach across islands in the Mediterranean, to Sicily and Naples. Around this time the universities of Palencia (1212/1263) and Salamanca (1218/1254) were established. The Black Death of 1348 and 1349 devastated Spain. | The University of Palencia was established between 1212 and 1263 and the University of Salamanca was established between 1218 and 1254. | null | null | null | 5065 |
null | brainstorming | Help me with spend a day in New Delhi. I like architecture, culture, and am a foodie | North India has a lot to offer for an aesthete, epicure, and a xenophile. Day 1 arrive in Delhi as many flights arrive early in the morning, settle into a hotel of your choice. Today travel around Delhi especially old Delhi and start your trip by visiting Red Fort which is an historical Mogul Fort commissioned by Mogul Emperor Shah Jahan in 1638. The fort is steeped in history and has a beautiful combination of Persian architecture with Indian influence. After that have lunch in Chandi Chowk where you will find incredible street food and especially Karim's which specializes in Mughlai food. Chandi Chowk is full of verve and energy and you will experience a slice of Indian culture. After the delicious lunch and walking through the narrow streets of Chandi Chowk, it is time to visit Qutb Minar a Unesco World Heritage Site which is considered the tallest minaret in the world at 240 ft constructed out of sandstone in 1192. Close by you can also visit Jamal Kalami mosque and relax at the nearby 200 acre park. In the evening you can travel to visit the Lotus Temple in Delhi which is a Baháʼí House of Worship and architected by Fariborz Sahba in 1976. For dinner, it is time to indulge yourself at Oberoi Delhi at Dhilli under the mentorship of Michelin-starred Chef Vineet Bhatia MBE and finish your night at the rooftop bar Cirrus 9 with a smooth cocktail. | null | null | null | 5066 |
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null | brainstorming | Can cars have odd number of wheels? | Cars are vehicles that allow you to commute from one point to another. These are built by companies across the world and designed based on the companies choice, local context, historic reference. The car has three main parts: i) the engine that provides the thrust or power to the vehicle. ii) The body or the frame that provides the space to transport things and people. iii) The chasis which is the structural component that does the load bearing and has wheels which transfer the power of the engine into horizontal motion.
Cars generally have four wheel but can sometime have odd numbered wheels as well. For example cars have a fifth wheel, the spare wheel, bolted to the body for differentiated look. It is not uncommon for cars to have a wheel stolen in which case they have three wheel. Few cooler car designs, modified cars, smaller cars can have three wheels as well but it is rare for a car to have zero or one wheel. | null | null | null | 5067 |
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null | closed_qa | Given a reference text about Elk Grove, what state is it located in and about how many people live there? | Elk Grove is a city in Sacramento County, California, United States. Located just south of the state capital of Sacramento, it is part of the Sacramento–Arden-Arcade–Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 Census, the population of the city was 176,124. A 2021 Census estimate puts the population of the city at 178,997. Elk Grove has many wineries, wine cellars, and vineyards. Elk Grove was the fastest-growing city in the U.S. between July 1, 2004, and July 1, 2005, and is also presently the second-largest city in Sacramento County by population.
The City of Elk Grove became the first city in California to be incorporated in the 21st century. It is a general law city with a council/manager form of government. One of Elk Grove's largest employers is the Elk Grove Unified School District, which is the city's second largest employer. | Elk Grove is a city in California and has a population of about 180,000. | null | null | null | 5068 |
null | open_qa | What professional baseball team is based out of Seattle, WA. | The Seatttle Mariners are part of the American League within Major League Baseball. | null | null | null | 5069 |
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null | creative_writing | Write a short story about a young aboriginal man seeking guidance on his place in the world. Have him consult a wise elder, who will share wisdom and perspective. | The young man stood apart from the other young men and watched them tease the girls and play around in general.
He sighed deeply. "Why am I so shy?", he asked himself: "Why can't I join in the games like the others?" The young man had asked himself these questions many times, and each time the answer was the same. He just didn't know. Was it that he felt that he was not worthy? Hardly. He was a kind and respectful person, and, he had to admit, a fine hunter. So what was wrong with him? He decided to speak to the Koradji, the wise man. Surely he would know. The Koradji was peering into his fire, deep in thought, when the young man approached, but somehow knew of his presence. "You are troubled," he asked and continued to gaze into the fire. "I seek vour wisdom, Uncle," he replied, his voice hardly more than a whisper. "Wisdom comes at a price" said the Koradji, without raising his head. "But I have nothing to offer," the young man told him. "I think you have," said the Koradji." then added: "But that can wait. Now sit and tell me what is troubling vou." The young man sat opposite the old man and told him everything. When he had finished, the Koradji nodded his head thoughtfully, then gazed into the young man's eyes.
"Now listen carefully and heed my words," he said. Then he continued. "This land is to you as it is to all living things.
Therefore, we have the right to breathe its air, drink its water and nourish our bodies with its bounty. We have no need to stand apart from others because we have much to contribute, and how much we contribute is in accordance with our own measure." There was a pause while he added wood to the fire. Then he continued. "Now hear these words and keep them in your mind. No one has the right to tell another that they may not do these things, because each of us are children of Mother Earth. Of course," he added quickly, "there will be those who stand above others, and those who are stronger, or of a different tribe, but it matters not, because we each have an equal right to our place in the sun, to live in accordance with our conscience." He waved a mosquito from his arm and smiled. "And, yes, even a mosquito". There was a long silence after the Koradji had finished speaking, then the young man spoke finally. "I have listened to your words Uncle, and they are very wise," he said, "but how can I pay you?" | null | null | null | 5070 |
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null | open_qa | What is a bicameral legislature? | A legislative body comprised of two separate chambers | null | null | null | 5071 |
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null | general_qa | Why is the sky blue? | All the light in our daytime sky comes from the sun, and our sun produces light in many different colors. To understand this, just think of a prism. White light enters, and a rainbow of colors exits. Our sun is like that. Its light may seem uniform but it is actually emitting many different colors.
Our sky though is not a mix of blue and red and green because the earth's atmosphere is sandwiched between the sun and us, getting in the way. Atmospheric gases and particles scatter the incoming colors, bouncing them in all different directions. The amount of scattering increases as the wavelength of light decreases. Red light which has a long wavelength is scattered much less than blue light which has a short wavelength. As blue is scattered more, it fills our daytime sky.
As the sun traverses the sky and moves low on the horizon, the light that reaches our eyes must actually travel further through the atmosphere. This has the effect of completely bouncing away all the blue light. We are left with the reds and yellows and oranges in wonderful mixture, making sunrises and sunsets so beautiful. | null | null | null | 5072 |
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null | general_qa | How will Artificial Intelligence change the education industry in the future? | If used correctly, Artificial Intelligence will enable the ability to provide differentiated and hyper-individualized educational experiences for the entirety of the individual's life. By analyzing curriculum, Artificial Intelligence will cater to each student's learning style, accelerating their ability to fully understand and retain the desired material, all while identifying programs with the highest potential for academic success. | null | null | null | 5073 |
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null | creative_writing | Write a short story about a person who discovers a hidden room in the library. The story should include a plot twist and a clear resolution at the end. | Once upon a time, there was a librarian named Alice who had been working at the library for many years. She had always been fascinated by the mysterious hidden room in the library, but had never dared to explore it. One day, she decided to take a look inside. As she opened the door, she was shocked to find a room filled with valuable artifacts and ancient books. She quickly realized that the room had been forgotten for many years, and it was her duty to make sure it was returned to its rightful place. She worked hard to find the key to open the door, and eventually she did. She was amazed at what she had discovered, and the thrill of the discovery made her heart race. She returned the artifacts to their rightful places, and the room was returned to its former glory. The library was restored to its former glory, and Alice was proud of her achievement. | null | null | null | 5074 |
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null | creative_writing | Why is Santa Fe New Mexico such a great place to live? | Santa Fe New Mexico has many wonderful qualities. The cost of living is low relative to high-density urban areas. The area is surrounded by mountains yet the city itself is easy to get to. Santa Fe has a world-class opera house and a strong local culture of artisans and creative types. The weather is dry, with occasional thunderstorms in the summer and snow in the winter. The sunsets can be so beautiful that words fail to describe them. Finally, and perhaps most important, the city has a strong history dating back to Pre-Columbian times, and hosts many cultures in relative harmony in a beautiful high-desert western settings. | null | null | null | 5075 |
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null | classification | What kind of merchant ships would be useful in a modern naval conflict? | Two broad categories of merchant ships would likely be most useful in a modern naval conflict: large roll-on/roll-off ships with double hulls and small, fast ferries. If an adversary can find a ship on the open ocean and target it with a modern anti-ship missile, this opponent can certainly destroy the complex machinery needed to operate a container port or an oil terminal. Consequently, any cargo you want to unload in a war zone is going to need to drive off a ship on the back of a truck....quickly. An oil tanker will be useless, but a RO/RO ship loaded with tanker trucks can unload lots of fuel under austere/wartime conditions. Similarly, a container ship will be of little use without the large, land-based cranes used at most container shipping ports. A ferry loaded with trucks hauling shipping containers can quickly load and unload without the need for specialized equipment. Data from the Iran-Iraq war suggest that a large, 50,000+ ton RO/RO with a double hull is likely big enough to survive a hit from a modern anti-ship missile. A fast ferry that can move at ~40 knots is probably going to be too small to detect from space or shore using backscatter radar. Conversely, a 100,000-ton PanMax oil tanker or a 5,000 TEU container ship will be easy to detect, and slow enough to target. | null | null | null | 5076 |
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null | open_qa | Which classical composer wrote the Hungarian Rhapsody | Franz Liszt | null | null | null | 5077 |
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null | classification | Classify each of the following people as an actor or athlete: Adam Sandler, Harry Kane, Hugo Lloris, Mike Myers, Tyreek Hill, Ryan Gosling, Joel Embiid | Adam Sandler: Actor
Harry Kane: Athlete
Hugo Lloris: Athlete
Mike Myers: Actor
Tyreek Hill: Athlete
Ryan Gosling: Actor
Joel Embiid: Athlete | null | null | null | 5078 |
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null | open_qa | What is the most popular sport? | This depends on where you live, but football is one of the most popular sports in the world. In some countries, it is called soccer. Every 4 years countries assemble teams to see which is the best, and most countries have several leagues. Popular teams, such as real madrid, can garner fans from across the world. There are people who would even argue that football is more than just a sport. | null | null | null | 5079 |
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null | open_qa | Are red roses typically considered an appropriate romantic gift? | Yes, a bouquet of red roses is a classic romantic gesture | null | null | null | 5080 |
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null | information_extraction | From the passage mention the awards received by Sunil Manohar Gavaskar. Display the results in comma separated format. | Sunil Manohar Gavaskar (Marathi pronunciation: [suniːl ɡaːʋəskəɾ]; pronunciation (help·info); born 10 July 1949), is an Indian cricket commentator and former cricketer who represented India and Bombay from 1971 to 1987. Gavaskar is acknowledged as one of the greatest opening batsmen of all time.
Gavaskar was widely admired for his technique against fast bowling, with a particularly high average of 65.45 against the West Indies, who possessed a four-pronged fast bowling attack, widely regarded as the most vicious in Test history. However, most of Gavaskar's centuries against West Indies were against their second string team when their four-pronged attack were not playing together His captaincy of the Indian team, was considered as one of the first attacking ones, with Indian team winning the 1984 Asia Cup, and the Benson & Hedges World Championship of Cricket in 1985. At the same time, there were multiple exchanges of captaincy between Gavaskar and Kapil Dev, with one coming just six months before Kapil led India to victory at the 1983 Cricket World Cup. He is also a former Sheriff of Mumbai.
Gavaskar is a recipient of the Indian sports honour of the Arjuna Award and the civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan. He was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame in 2009. In 2012, he was awarded the Col CK Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award for Cricket in India. | Arjuna Award, Padma Bhushan, inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame, Col CK Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award | null | null | null | 5081 |
null | open_qa | Who are some of the best basketball players of all time? | There are often arguments about who the best basketball players of all time are. In most circles, there are three people that come up in this discussion most often and they are Michael Jordan, Lebron James, and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. Michael Jordan won 6 championships in a row after taking a hiatus from basketball between his 3rd and 4th championship. Until recently, Kareem held the all-time scoring record in the NBA with 38,387 points. Recently he was surpassed for most points all-time by Lebron James who also has 4 championships with 3 different teams. This is an argument that will never be completely closed as everyone has a different opinion, but it's tough to argue against Michael Jordan due to the fact he won 6 rings in a row. | null | null | null | 5082 |
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null | open_qa | Who was the first president of the United States of America? | George Washington | null | null | null | 5083 |
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null | summarization | What kind of magazine was Nova | Nova was a British glossy magazine that was published from March 1965 to October 1975 It was described by The Times as "a politically radical, beautifully designed, intellectual women's magazine." Nova covered such once-taboo subjects as abortion, cancer, the birth control pill, race, homosexuality, divorce and royal affairs. It featured stylish and provocative cover images. | Nova was a British glossy magazine. | null | null | null | 5084 |
null | general_qa | How did the Royal Navy Protect the British Task Force from Argentine air attacks during the Falklands War? | The British managed to minimize their shipping losses through a combination of layered air defenses and signals intelligence. Type 42 destroyers and Sea Dart missiles provided adequate high-altitude air defense, forcing Argentine pilots to fly at very low altitudes to evade Royal Navy ship-based radar. Royal Navy submarines operating off the coast of Argentina could use electronic sensors in their periscopes to detect electronic signals from Argentine aircraft as they took off. These subs provided the fleet with enough advanced warning to launch Sea Harriers on interception missions. Consequently, an Argentine pilot needed to be ready to dogfight a Harrier, dodge surface-to-air missiles, and then pull off a low-level bombing run. All three of these tasks required a level of training that most Argentine pilots lacked. Argentina ran out of fighter jets before the British ran out of ships. | null | null | null | 5085 |
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null | open_qa | Can kitesurfers sail up against the wind? | Yes, kitesurfers can sail up against the wind by edging their surfboard upwind at a slight angle relative to 90 degrees crosswind. Depending on the equipment and skill, kitesurfers can generally achieve an upwind angle of ~20 degrees. | null | null | null | 5086 |
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null | closed_qa | How many titles have Liverpool won? | Domestically, the club has won 19 League titles, eight FA Cups, a record nine League Cups and 16 FA Community Shields. In international competitions, the club has won six European Cups, three UEFA Cups, four UEFA Super Cups—all English records—and one FIFA Club World Cup. | Liverpool has won 19 League titles, 8 FA cups, 9 League cups, 16 FA community shields and 6 European cups. | null | null | null | 5087 |
null | open_qa | What us foosball? | Foosball is also known as table football. Its a table game where two players use rods or sticks that can be pulled and pushed that that control plastic figures that kick a small plastic soccer ball. This is a great table games that is fun at parties and social events. | null | null | null | 5088 |
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null | closed_qa | Is the person who invented bitcoin Japanese? | Satoshi Nakamoto (born 5 April 1975) is the name used by the presumed pseudonymous person or persons who developed bitcoin, authored the bitcoin white paper, and created and deployed bitcoin's original reference implementation. As part of the implementation, Nakamoto also devised the first blockchain database. Nakamoto was active in the development of bitcoin up until December 2010.
There has been widespread speculation about Satoshi Nakamoto's true identity, with a variety of people posited as the person or persons behind the name. Though Nakamoto's name is Japanese, and he stated in 2012 that he was a man living in Japan, most of the speculation has involved software and cryptography experts in the United States or Europe. | The answer is uncertain because this man was presumed to be living in Japan but he or she could be from Europe or American or anywhere in the world. | null | null | null | 5089 |
null | open_qa | Name some of the bravolebrities from Married to Medicine | Anila Sajja, Dr. Contessa Metcalfe, Dr. Heavenly Kimes, Dr. Jacqueline Walters, Dr. Simone Whitmore, Toya Bush-Harris and Quad Webb | null | null | null | 5090 |
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null | general_qa | When you get a new dog, how to prepare the living space? | Puppy prefers to have a smaller space at the beginning to
have a sense of security. You can either prepare a crate or a
play pen.
• The crate is also the puppy’s personal space. The smaller
space also helps in house training the puppy to pee and poo
at the same location. | null | null | null | 5091 |
|
null | information_extraction | How many runs did Sachin score in the 2011 world cup? | 2003: Cricket World Cup
Tendulkar made 673 runs in 11 matches in the 2003 Cricket World Cup, helping India reach the final. While Australia won, Tendulkar was given the Man of the Tournament award.
He continued to score heavily in ODI cricket that year, with two hundreds in a tri-series involving New Zealand and Australia. As a part-time bowler, he dismissed an exhausted centurion, Matthew Hayden, in the tri-series final. | Tendulkar made 673 runs in 11 matches in the 2003 Cricket World Cup, helping India reach the final. While Australia won, Tendulkar was given the Man of the Tournament award | null | null | null | 5092 |
null | closed_qa | What is the name of William Gibson's first comic book series? | Archangel, also written as William Gibson Archangel or William Gibson's Archangel, is a five-issue limited series comic book that was created by William Gibson and Michael St. John Smith, written by William Gibson, illustrated by Butch Guice and story-edited by Michael Benedetto. It is Gibson's first comic book series, which is set in an alternative version of 2016 in which the Vice President of America travels back in time to 1945 to secure power.
IDW Publishing first released Archangel from May 2016 to August 2017, then in October as a hardcover graphic novel. It was nominated for an Eisner Award for Best Limited Series and was adapted into an audio play that was released by Audible. | Archangel | null | null | null | 5093 |
null | open_qa | What is a flat earther and is it possible for the world to be flat? | A flat earther is someone who believes the world is flat. They also believe that there is scientific evidence to support this claim. They do not believe the earth is round, even when we have satellite images of the earth to prove that it is. Basic laws of physics can also disprove that the earth is flat. The physics community should respond to these individuals to prevent the propagation of false information. | null | null | null | 5094 |
|
null | closed_qa | What are all the different names for COVID-19 and which one is the most recommended? | During the initial outbreak in Wuhan, the virus and disease were commonly referred to as "coronavirus" and "Wuhan coronavirus", with the disease sometimes called "Wuhan pneumonia". In the past, many diseases have been named after geographical locations, such as the Spanish flu, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and Zika virus. In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended 2019-nCoV and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease as interim names for the virus and disease per 2015 guidance and international guidelines against using geographical locations or groups of people in disease and virus names to prevent social stigma. The official names COVID‑19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued by the WHO on 11 February 2020 with COVID-19 being shorthand for "coronavirus disease 2019". The WHO additionally uses "the COVID‑19 virus" and "the virus responsible for COVID‑19" in public communications. | Here are a list of names for COVID-19 that were mentioned: coronavirus, Wuhan coronavirus, Wuhan pneumonia, 2019-nCoV, 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, COVID‑19, SARS-CoV-2, the COVID‑19 virus, the virus responsible for COVID‑19.
The official names COVID‑19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued by the WHO on 11 February 2020, but they also use "the COVID‑19 virus" and "the virus responsible for COVID‑19" in public communications.
Based on this information, the most recommended name is COVID-19. | null | null | null | 5095 |
null | open_qa | What wine varietal is the most popular produced in Oregon? | Oregon is well-known for its Pinot Noir. Many of the most awarded Pinot Noirs come from Willamette Valley. | null | null | null | 5096 |
|
null | classification | Which is a species of fish? Sardine or Sardinia | Sardine | null | null | null | 5097 |
|
null | closed_qa | Given the passage about churches built in the village of Zijldijk in the Netherlands, when was the only running church built? | Zijldijk has three churches. The Mennomite church was built in 1772 in a non conspicuous barn-like building. It is still in use as a church. The Dutch Reformed church has been reconstructed as a village house. The Reformed Church was constructed in 1886, and nowadays serves as a care facility. | The Mennomite church was built in 1772 and is still in use as a church. | null | null | null | 5098 |
null | general_qa | How do I get better at bouldering? | Usually the best way at getting better at bouldering is to boulder as much as you can. You can check out youtube videos of some techniques to practice while on the wall and trying routes above your current grade for fun. | null | null | null | 5099 |
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