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4,526 | I came. I lurked. I read the FAQ.
Now having purchased the recommended books, and having taken to heart the advice that
one knows nothing about crypto without having done a stint as a cryptanalyst, I would like
to correspond with people interested in cryptology.
I am working on implementing the cryptanalyst's workbench example in Booch's OOD with
Applications. I hope to start sending ciphers back and forth so each of us can practice cracking
them. I would like to start with simple Ceaser's ciphers and progress roughly according to
David Kahn's book. Of course I would be interested in general discussions and math also.
I hope to have some foriegn correspondants so that we can test the response time of the
"men in the suits" I've been hearing so much about. Unfortunately as a product of the American
education system I only know English.
Looking forward to any and all responses.
James | 1 |
6,830 |
Some more references:
S.H. Dole
"Habitable Planets for Man"
Blaisdell Publishing Company, New York (1964)
I don't know if this can be found any more.
M.J. Fogg
"Extra-Solar Planetary Systems: A Microcomputer Simulation"
J. Brit. Interplanetary. Soc., _38_, 501-514, (1985)
"An Estimate of the Prevalence of Biocompatible and Habitable Planets"
J. Brit. Interplanetary. Soc., _45_, 3-12, (1992)
The first paper includes a detailed discussion of the physical conditions
for habitability.
| 1 |
2,841 |
You probably were trying to be facetious but just for the record partial nasal
obstruction is correlated with a number of chronic disorders such as migraine,
hyperthyroidism, asthma, peptic ulcer, dysmenorrhea, and lack of libido (:-) )
[Riga IN. Rev d'Oto-Neuro-Ophthalmol 1957;24:325-335], cardiac symptoms
[Jackson RT. Annals of Otology 1976;85:65-70 Cvetnic MH, Cvetnic V. Rhinology
1980;18:47-50 Cottle MH. Rhinology 1980;18:67-81], and fever, inadequate
oral intake and electrolyte imbalance [Fairbanks DNF. Otorhinolaryngology Head
and Neck Surgery 1986;94:412-415).
So before you post your inane comments it would be nice if you'd run a MEDLINE
search on the topic say back to 1966. There's been extensive literature on this
for over a 100 years.
I may be in cardiology but I've had a very good working relationship with
my colleagues from ENT. | 1 |
1,750 | The most current orbital elements from the NORAD two-line element sets are
carried on the Celestial BBS, (513) 427-0674, and are updated daily (when
possible). Documentation and tracking software are also available on this
system. As a service to the satellite user community, the most current
elements for the current shuttle mission are provided below. The Celestial
BBS may be accessed 24 hours/day at 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, or 9600 bps using
8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity.
Element sets (also updated daily), shuttle elements, and some documentation
and software are also available via anonymous ftp from archive.afit.af.mil
(129.92.1.66) in the directory pub/space.
STS 55
1 22640U 93 27 A 93117.91666666 .00044808 00000-0 13489-3 0 63
2 22640 28.4614 259.3429 0005169 259.6342 61.8074 15.90673799 201 | 1 |
4,432 |
Well, isn't this just a hoot! :) All I read on this group is a bunch
of ppl fearing the misuses of information by the big bad evil govt.
This just happens to be a case of an ordinary-joe-netter, who decided
that he would create and/or distribute some misinformation. Ppl buy
into BS posts like this (I know, because I forwarded a copy of the
post to my office mate, who turned around and was (although he won't
admit it...sorry Joe!) ready to get in a fight about F-O-R-F-E-I-T-U-R-E!!!)
Please, if we're going to hold our govt (which admittedly has had and
still has its problems) to high standards, then mustn't we follow these
too? Electronic Freedoms only go so far.
Hey, I'm willing to forgive...after of course my office mate takes his
extra anti-paranoia pills! :) | 1 |
375 |
Fine. I'll buy from George. GEORGEEE!!!!
That assumes I can't weasel out a cooperative venture of some sort (cut me a
break on the launcher, I'll cut you in on the proceeds if it works). Only the
government pays higher-than-list price.
Unless you're Martin Marietta, since (as I recall) they bought out the GD line
of aerospace products.
If MM/GD does it as an in-house project, their costs would look much better
than buying at "list price." Does anyone REALLY know the profit margins built
in to the Titan? C'mon. Allen is telling us how cheap we can get improved this
or that...
Oh please. How much of a profit do you want? Pulling $100-150 million after
all is said and done wouldn't be too shabby. Not to mention the other goodies
I'll collect in:
a) Movie & TV rights (say $100-150 million conservatively)
b) Advertising ("Look Mommie, they're drinking Coke!")
c) Intangibles (Name recognization, experience & data
acculumated)
If you want lean, fine. A $500 million prize would be more than adequate for a
prize.
Maybe Wales would be kind enough to define what a company would consider
a decent profit.
If you want R&D done, you'll have to write in R&D clauses. I suppose you could
make it a SBIR set-aside :)
| 1 |
3,182 |
Thanks. Got that from two other sources as well. The full quote is as
follows:
From Dorothy Denning, CRYPTOGRAPHY AND DATA SECURITY, Addison-Wesley
1982,1983, page 8:
"Cryptosystems must satisfy three general requirements:
"1. The enciphering and deciphering transformations must be efficient for
all keys.
"2. The system must be easy to use.
"3. The security of the system should depend only on the secrecy of the
keys and not on the secrecy of algorithms E [enciphering] or D
[deciphering]."
--Mike
| 1 |
6,431 | Just thought of something. Yes, laptops can still be read, but it's not quite
as easy as a normal pc with a CRT. My thought, Airline pilots lately have
been complaining about how laptops being used in flight mess with the plane's
instruments. If this can be hyped up, manufacturers may start building
laptops with even lower emmisions. It would probably still be possible to
pick up with surveillance equipment, but at this point, it would be a lot
cheaper to mask the remaining signals with TEMPEST techniques.
Doug Holland
| 1 |
956 |
Just to throw it out there: The mass of the telescope is 11,600 kg
(25,500 lb). I do not know what Space lab weighs, but I believe it is
less. Can anyone verify??
Also, remember that weight was not the only concern, as many others have
noted, just one possible concern. I was responding to a statement that
if you can boost it, why can't you land it. Those are too different
problems.
ROB
--
===========================================================================
===========================================================================
Disclaimer-type-thingie>>>>> These opinions are mine! Unless of course
they fall under the standard intellectual property guidelines.
But with my intellect, I doubt it. Besides, if it was useful
intellectual property, do you think I would type it in here? | 1 |
2,236 |
To paraphrase, I may not agree with what you're encrypting, but I defend
your right to encrypt it.
| 1 |
598 | What is NASA's annual budget?
This year will do, a few years back wpuld be nice too
but I need this item fast so emails off the top of your head very
much appreciated (FAQs vanish here!).
-Tony Ryan, "Astronomy & Space", new International magazine, available from:
Astronomy Ireland, P.O.Box 2888, Dublin 1, Ireland.
6 issues (one year sub.): UK 10.00 pounds, US$20 surface (add US$8 airmail).
ACCESS/VISA/MASTERCARD accepted (give number, expiration date, name&address). | 1 |
3,727 |
HST is about 25,500 lbs (11,600 kg). That doesn't include the cradle that
would have been in the cargo bay when it was deployed. Spacelab-J on STS-47
was 21,861 lbs (according to the press-kit).
As someone else pointed out if they had been unable to deploy it for some
reason that would have had to land with it still in the cargo bay and this
was a planned for contingency. This is not a problem for the shuttle,
though it would eliminate KSC as a landing site, they still have to go to
Edwards when landing with something like Spacelab in the cargo bay.
--GaryM | 1 |
5,199 | I was annoyed to find that this guy posted my private e-mail response to
him, but since I believe what I said, I'll defend it anyway.
By "almost" I mean the differential cryptanalysis attack. The chosen
plaintext attack requires a detailed analysis of about 2^36 chosen plaintexts
drawn from a total of about 2^47 that need to be run, if I understand the
situation correctly. This is certainly a "break" under the meaning of the
Act, but does not constitute much less work than the brute force keysearch.
The rest of his article assumes that we can figure out the Skipjack
encryption algorithm E by choosing the correct data to send through it and
observe the results. I wish him joy of it, and choose not to try that attack.
I am not defending the system, and in fact am offended by the ideas of
escrowed keys or a secret algorithm becoming a de facto industry standard.
However, I also object to opposing it for the wrong reasons, since that
weakens the case against it.
I said (in my private e-mail):
No, it's quite different. The government would have no percentage in
choosing F to be a weak key, since it's not to their advantage to have
anybody else know it. The "experts" could thus assume that F is no worse
than anything else during their analysis. Totally different situation
from unknown S-boxes. Again, I'm not saying it would be good or
satisfactory for the experts to just be given the raw algorithm without
the rest of the surrounding details regarding the chip and protocols and
so on -- simply that I doubt that they <would> be given all the
information. | 1 |
5,230 |
The classic comment on new encryption algorithms comes from
Friedman:
"No new cypher is worth considering unless it comes
from someone who has already broken a very hard one."
Historically, Friedman has been right. It's really hard to develop
a good cypher. IBM's Lucifer, the precursor to DES, turns out to have
been fatally flawed. Most of the DES-like systems other than DES seem
to be vulnerable to differential cryptanalysis. The first two tries at
public key encryption (remember knapsack cyphers?) were broken. Most
if not all of the machine cyphers of the electromechanical era were
broken eventually. Attempts in the computer era to home-brew encryption
have been disappointing; the classic "A survey of data insecurity packages"
in Cryptologia contains analyses and breaking techniques for a few of the
popular "security packages" of the late 1980s.
A new, proprietary algorithm? No way.
If the US is permitting general export of this thing, it has
to be weak; that's how the current regulations work. Currently there's
a willingness to allow systems with short keys (32 bits appears to be
no problem; the 56 bits of DES are too many) or weak algorithms
(I think Word Perfect qualifies under that rule) to be exported.
I can't believe these guys shepherded their technique through the
PTO and the State Department's Arms Control Division without finding that out.
John Nagle | 1 |
4,420 | I'm looking for information regarding dosages of prozac used in minor
depression. Also any other information regarding the drug is helpful.
Please send responses direct. Thanks! | 1 |
6,495 | I recently heard of some testing of a new migraine drug called sumatripton
(I have no idea of the actual spelling) that supposedly utilizes a chemical
that trips neuro-transmitters. My mother has regular migraines and nothing
seems to help - does anyone know anything about this new drug? Is it in
a testing phaze or anywhere near approval? Does it seem to be working?
Any information would help.
Please feel free to e-mail rather than take up bandwidth if you prefer.
Thanks in advance,
-Rox
--
[email protected]
| 1 |
3,952 |
For one week, she probably wants to see how you react to the diet. If it
changes anything.
You can live on the diet but you need to up your calories. Where before you
had a pat of butter now you need a medium apple (probably microwave
cooked). Smaller meals but more of them. Not terrific amounts of meat, it's
hard to digest anyway.
For comfort and to make the carbohydrate meal "last" longer eat pasta or
rice which give their calories up slowly rather than bread or corn. Maybe
smaller meals as you may be getting less room in the stomach area. Is the
baby still coming up. Is it starting to push or rub under your ribs? How
tight are your clothes. You shouldn't be wearing any clothing that compresses
your middle. Be sure not to "suck in" your stomach when sitting, again it
will put pressure on the digestive tract.
Try laying on your sides, back,
and stay in reclining positions for the many hours you are being inactive.
Easier on your legs (circulation) as well. You might try letting the baby
"turn" or at least not be forced under the ribs during the last months.
When you are shortwaisted it's easy for that baby to end up right under the
diaphram, especially if you have tight abdominal muscles. If I had my
second one to do over again I think I'd have tried to loosen up since he
didn't turn sideways until late and the relief was enormous.
Maybe this doctor does have a thing about weight gain in pregnancy or maybe
she just nags all her patients this way. Especially if she's young.
But this gallbladder/whatever problem that might be coming up is something
to be avoided if possible.
Nausea, etc. can vary from person to person and with each pregnancy. My
first pregnancy was miserable. During the second I had very little trouble.
Some articles have said that women with nausea had a statistically better
chance of carrying their baby. (grain of salt here)
Good luck | 1 |
6,217 | 1 |
|
1,296 |
Hans> As somebody replied on whether the space shuttle is connected to
Hans> Usenet: "No. Of course the main flow of information would be up,
Hans> unless Henry Spencer would be aboard, in which case the main
Hans> flow of information would be down."
Gene Miya says that Henry will never go aloft in the Shuttle; the
payload bay isn't big enough for his chocolate chip cookies.
When Henry was here at Dryden, he was looking pretty covetously at the
SR-71s and the F-104s, even though they don't have much cookie space.
I guess he figured that he could manage for a short flight.... | 1 |
2,774 | Ever since Craig Rowland posted his piece "New Encryption"
to sci.crypt there has been some discussion of our company,
Secured Communications Technologies, Inc, and on encryption
algorithm, NEA.
I spoke to Craig at length on 4/21/93 and we covered a lot
of ground. Some of the information in the posting requires some
clarification, and I would like to answer some of the questions
raised on sci.crypt.
SCT is a small company based in Silver Spring Maryland. Our
two main products at this time are a PC based secure
communications program called SECOM and a general purpose
encryption chip which uses the NEA algorithm developed for SECOM.
SECOM provides an encrypted secure communication link
between two PC's connected over dial up telephone lines. It
supports simultaneous bi-directional file transfer and keyboard
to screen "chat". It has its own proprietary communications
protocol which is tightly integrated to the encryption. All
though it is a packetized link, the data stream appears to be
continuous because the packet boundaries are hidden.
When SECOM was initially developed, it was implemented to
use DES encryption. A business decision was made to seek export
approval for the product because it was perceived that the
overseas market was a large one and provided a good marketing
opportunity.
We soon found out that we would NEVER be granted general
export approval for anything using DES. All though the reason
for this was never explicitly stated, it seems to have something
to do with secret government to government agreements which are
still in effect.
In any event, the decision was made to develop a new and
different algorithm which would take the place of DES. This was
the reason NEA (New Encryption Algorithm) was born.
At this time NEA is being held as a trade secret. The
preliminary work of patenting it has begun, and the plan is to
make it public once the patent process is complete. All though
one can make certain legal arguments for keeping it an ongoing
secret, I think in the case of an encryption algorithm it is
necessary to let people "shoot at it" over an extended period of
time to prove its worth.
In order to get export approval for SECOM/NEA, it was
necessary to go through NSA and to reveal to them the details of
the program and algorithm. This was done only AFTER we had a
finished product to submit.
Let me state unequivocally that there is NO "back door" to
the program or the algorithm. Secured Communications
Technologies is a closely held private company and
NSA/FBI/CIA/NIST/WHATEVER has NO financial interest in any way
whatsoever with the company or any of the people involved.
From a practical business standpoint, we are interested in
selling chips and software (hopefully in large quantities) and a
back door to the encryption, if found out, could destroy our
credibility and our business.
With the encryption algorithm approved for export, we set
out to talk to a number of potential customers for encryption
products and systems. We were able to identify several common
threads of functionality requirements. This led to the design of
a chip with the encryption algorithm "cast in silicon" and
certain other capabilities added so that the chip could fulfill
the broad range of requirements that we identified.
We are strongly opposed to the clipper/capstone chips. In a
press release today, our president, Dr. Stephen Bryen stated:
"It seems as if the government has an unlimited source
of funds to use to push its new bugged chips on the American
Public. But do we not understand how the National Security
Agency, which is not supposed to be involved in domestic
spying, can fund the development of a commercial chip
intended to accommodate U.S. government domestic spying
activities." | 1 |
2,812 |
I guess I'm still not clear on what the term "candida bloom" means,
but certainly it is well known that thrush (superficial candidal
infections on mucous membranes) can occur after antibiotic use.
This has nothing to do with systemic yeast syndrome, the "quack"
diagnosis that has been being discussed.
Lucky how? Since a recent article (randomized controlled trial) of
oral yogurt on reducing vaginal candidiasis, I've mentioned to a
number of patients with frequent vaginal yeast infections that they
could try eating 6 ounces of yogurt daily. It turns out most would
rather just use anti-fungal creams when they get yeast infections.
Again, this just isn't what the systemic yeast syndrome is about, and
has nothing to do with the quack therapies that were being discussed.
There is some evidence that attempts to reinoculate the GI tract with
bacteria after antibiotic therapy don't seem to be very helpful in
reducing diarrhea, but I don't think anyone would view this as a
quack therapy. | 1 |
563 | 1 |
|
2,477 |
[Partial deletion]
Nice explanation except that it isn't N-hydroxylation that causes the
formation of the N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), but rather a
direct two-electron oxidation. In addition, there is one school of thought
that contends that oxidative stress rather than arylation of protein
is the more critical factor in the hapatotoxcity of acetaminophen.
As far as drug toxicities go, acetaminophen has and continues to be one
of the most intensely scrutinized. An excellent recent review of the topic
can be found in:
Vermeulen, Bessems and Van de Straat.
Molecular Aspects of Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and its
Mechanism-Based Prevention. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 24(3) 367-
407 (1992).
(Acetaminophen is known as paracetamol in Europe)
I couldn't agree with you more about what an awful way to die a toxic
dose of acetaminophen causes. I've heard a number of descriptions by
physicians associated with poison control centers, and they describe a
lingering very painful death. | 1 |
6,338 | : My girlfriend is in pain from kidney stones. She says that because she has no
: medical insurance, she cannot get them removed.
:
: My question: Is there any way she can treat them herself, or at least mitigate
: their effects? Any help is deeply appreciated. (Advice, referral to literature,
: etc...)
:
: Thank you,
:
: Dave Carvell
: [email protected]
First off, I would consider the severity of the pain. I had stones
several years ago, and there's now way I could have made it without
heavy duty doses of morphine and demerol and a two week stay in the
hospital. I was told that there was nothing that I could take that would
dissolve them. If the stones are passible, the best thing she could do
is drink LOTS of water, and hope that they pass, but every time they
move a little, the pain will be excrutiating. I was told by my doctor
at that time that the pain was comparable to that of childbirth. (Yes,
by a male doctor, so I'm sure some of you women will disagree). I'd
really like to know the truth in this, so maybe some of you women who
have had a baby and a kidney stone could fill me in.
-- | 1 |
1,198 | : >Why not build a inflatable space dock.
: If you're doing large-scale satellite servicing, being able to do it in
: a pressurized hangar makes considerable sense. The question is whether
: anyone is going to be doing large-scale satellite servicing in the near
: future, to the point of justifying development of such a thing.
That's a mighty fine idea. But since you asked "Why not," I'll
respond.
Putting aside the application of such a space dock, there are other
factors to consider than just pressurized volume. Temperature control
is difficult in space, and your inflatable hangar will have to
incorporate thermal insulation (maybe a double-walled inflatable).
Micrometeoroid protection and radiation protection are also required.
Don't think this will be a clear plastic bubble; it's more likely
to look like a big white ball made out of the same kind of multi-layer
fabric that soft-torso space suits are made out of today.
Because almost all manned space vessels (Skylab, Mir, Salyut) used
their pressurization for increased structural rigidity, even though
they had (have) metal skins, they still kind of qualify as inflatable.
The inflation process would have to be carefully controlled. The
space environment reduces ductility in exposed materials (due to
temperature extremes, monotomic Oxygen impingement, and radiation
effects on materials), so your "fabric" may not retain any flexibility
for long. (This may not matter.) Even after inflation, pressure
changes in the hangar may cause flexing in the fabric, which could
lead to holes and tears as ductility decreases.
These are some of the technical difficulties which the LLNL proposal
for an inflatable space station dealt with to varying degrees of
success.
-- Ken Jenks, NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office
[email protected] (713) 483-4368 | 1 |
6,882 |
KK> Newsgroups: sci.crypt
KK> From: [email protected] (Shaun P. Hughes)
KK> Date: Sat, 17 Apr 1993 07:18:59 GMT
[..]
KK> Just a random passing thought, but can anyone cite a documented use
KK> of encryption technology by criminals and terrorists.
KK> (Excluding the Iran-Contra Gang)
KK> Sure, the rum-runners in Prohibition. See Kahn's _The Codebreakers_.
KK> The irony was, they were using better codes and key security than
KK> most governments were. | 1 |
4,337 |
You should realize that form letters are the *worst* way to influence
your congresscritters; exact copies are routinely placed on the lowest
rung of the opinion ladder.
If you want to write (and I think you should!), take the time to really
*write* a letter. Things to emphasize:
- It's been said that Usenet is available to the 'technical
elite', i.e. the techies at corporate sites and universi-
ties. Emphasize that you are part of the group that will
be making/developing/using Clinton's 'data superhighway.'
- Explain how you are intimately familiar with both computing
and data communications. (if this is the case; don't call your-
self an 'expert' after wiring in a 1200 bps modem.) This
will distinguish your letter from the random flamers. Don't
turn it into braggadocio; just tell them that you know the
technical sides of the issue.
- Don't overdo jargon and gobbledygook. Remember, your letter
will be first read (in all likelihood) by a staffer who may
even be a college student; if they don't understand it, your
views won't even make the 'running total' sheets.
- Be concise; don't ramble. Rants are *definitely* out of place.
Cite references, if necessary, but only use "accepted" references
like academic journals. "My neighbor Jim" is *not* a real refer-
ence. 8)
- Unfortunately, very few Congresscritters *really* understand
electronic communications. Encourage them to pick up access
to Compuserve, America Online, or one of the Free-Nets. Offer
to send them samples. If you are in a position to do so, offer
them (or their staffers back in the home state) access to your
systems. Offer to give a demonstration the next time they're in
town. Your offer to get *personally* involved in helping them
*will* give your opinions more credence.
- In addition to sending mail to your representatives, send mail
to the members of the committee (or subcommittee) that is dealing
with the issue. If your Congresscritter isn't on the committee,
they can't be of much help until the matter comes to the floor.
--Wes
ps> I'd suggest drawing analogies between digital communication and the
more traditional media, but Usenet doesn't have a decent track record
in the analogy department. 8)
| 1 |
2,810 | 1 |
|
6,506 | Wouldn't this method be vulnerable against a "birthday" attack?
Currently a cracker needs to find the _only_ (*1) key that produces
the given ciphertext. He has to try about 2^63 keys on the average.
In the proposed method the cracker only needs _any pair_ of key halves.
If he can store about 2^32 guesses for one half, he is likely to find
a mathching pair in about 2^32 guesses. (Here I have assumed that the
DES-encryption is reversable, if the key is guessed. Is this so or do
the modifications of the S-boxes by the salt bits make it non-reversable?) | 1 |
3,868 |
I've already written a 5000 char commentary (from my MCI MAIL account, so I
can't be accused of being a "hacker".) | 1 |
5,989 | I can think of a couple of ways of guaranteeing authenticity in a one-time
pad encrytped scheme, though I'm not sure how to prove that what kind of
authenicity they provide.
An obvious first-attempt might be to prepend a truly random (unpredictable
for Eve) block to the message, and then calculate a CRC which included the
random starting block and all of the message. This could be encrypted after
the message. The problem is, I'm not sure it's impossible to come up with
a message that will hash to the same CRC regardless of the random starting
block. (It intuitively seems like it ought to be hard, but I'm not *that*
sure....) Clearly, a crypto-strength hash like MD5 or the SHA would be
stronger, but again, I'm not sure I'm comfortable claiming that it's
unbreakable.
A scheme to use up some of the pad bits to decide how many bits of 0's
to include in the plaintext stream before going on wouldn't be too bad,
either. At the cost of increasing the speed with which you use up your
pad, this could be used to give you arbitrarily low probability that your
opponent could spoof a valid-looking message, since any deciphered plaintext
in a spot that should be carrying 0's will show that something funny's going
on.
If, for each message bit M_i, we used up one random bit, R_i, to decide
whether to insert a 0 into the plaintext stream, we'd get a total pad use
of 2.5 times the message length. (We'd expand the message size by about
half.) Each 0 that should appear in the plaintext stream that doesn't is a
guess for our would-be spoofer. At each bit, she has to guess. I'm trying
to see how to quantify her chances of making it all the way through the
spoofed message, but it gets a little complicated, because she can get un-
synched, and still happen to have a 0 in that place in the spoofed message.
Now, I can see a simple way of doing this that's got to be as secure
as a one-time pad, at a cost of using 4 times the message length in pad bits.
For each message bit, M_i, use one random bit, R_i, and xor them together
to get X_i. Now, encrypt the three bits with the one-time pad. The enemy
has no way of guessing what R_i is, so he/she can't guess what X_i is, either.
Any change she makes in the ciphertext stream will have to involve a guess
of what R_i was. Is there any way to do this without using so many pad bits?
Spoofing the message is equivalent to correctly guessing as many random
bits as there are bits in the message. Clearly, this makes spoofing messages
just as hard if you know the whole message text as if you know none of it.
In fact, it looks to me like this makes it just as hard to generate a spoofed
message with the ciphertext as without it, but I'm not entirely sure about
that.
Is there an easier way of doing this that's provably as secure as the
one-time pad? | 1 |
3,046 | I've had cold sores in the past. But they have always been in the
corner of my mouth. Recently, I've had what appears to be
a cold sore, but on my lower lip in the middle (above the chin).
Can cold sores appear anywhere around the mouth (or body)?
Is there a medical term for cold sore?
| 1 |
1,918 |
Antihistamines have been the active ingredient of OTC sleep aids for
decades. Go to any drugstore and look at the packages of such sleep
aids as Sominex, Nytol, etc. The active ingredient is:
diphenhydramine, the same antihistamine that's in Benadryl.
--
Steven Litvintchouk
MITRE Corporation
202 Burlington Road
Bedford, MA 01730-1420 | 1 |
7,173 | In Space Digest V16 #487,
...about the protests over proposals to put a giant billboard into orbit,
Mr. Hathaway's post is right on the money, if a little lengthy. In short,
an orbiting billboard would be trash, in the same way that a billboard on
the Earth is trash. Billboards make a place look trashy. That is why there
are laws in many places prohibiting their use. The light pollution
complaints are mainly an attempt to find some tangible reason to be against
orbiting billboards because people don't feel morally justified to complain
on the grounds that these things would defile the beauty of the sky.
Regular orbiting spacecraft are not the same in this respect, since they are
more like abstract entities, but a billboard in space would be like a beer
can somebody had thrown on the side of the road: just trash. | 1 |
3,432 | I am both new to this news group and to the net.
I am facinated by the things I have heard about the PGP
encryption program. Does anybody out there know where I might get a
version of this program that runs under Windows 3.1, MS-Dos, Unix
w/source? As of this writting I have no UNIX access and am running on a
nifty windows implamentation of uucico.
Thanks in advance!
| 1 |
2,882 |
But the NSA will not be doing any wiretapping. The actual wiretapping will,
presumably, be conducted by the FBI. Of course, the capability for this was
provided by the NSA, but I think that they are still within the limitations
of their charter.
I realize this is a fine point, and some may differ, but this is my opinion.
Although I don't care for Clipper and won't support or use it, I don't see
the NSA as having overstepped their bounds.
David R. Conrad "No his mind is not for rent/To any god or government" | 1 |
3,209 | 1 |
|
3,972 |
It is kind of absurd, isn't it? Some players even want more distortion,
especially the Hendrix fans :-) But there are a lot of them out there
that can only afford the amp, or who like playing music without distortion.
Then there are your hard-core Hendirx fans that want particular *types*
of distortion, i.e., they make it, not their amps.
I didn't see a thing about waste-heat from Babbage, and haven't seen one
of those mechanical TV's in a while, so it's anybodie's guess :-)
-Tommy Mac
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tom McWilliams 517-355-2178 wk \ They communicated with the communists,
[email protected] 336-9591 hm \ and pacified the pacifists. -TimBuk3 | 1 |
7,250 |
Correction, and some more info: The Kaliningrad that Mr. Larrison
writes about is indeed near Moscow. I've read that it may also be known by
the name Podlipk, and is a short distance from Zvezdny Gorodok (Star
City) and the Cosmonaut Training Center there. I read that the Tsniimach
(Central Scientific Research Institute of Machine Building, est. 1961)
Enterprise was also responsible for creating the NKIK (Ground Command and
Measurement Complex) including the Kaliningrad Flight Control Center
which has controlled all Soviet/Russian manned spaceflights since its
completion in 1973. However, it appears to have been a part of the
Ministry of General Machine Building which was not part of the military
(Ministry of Defense) but would have been a part of the military-industrial
complex. | 1 |
6,745 | 1 |
|
246 |
Heck, some of his ships were loaners. One was owned by a Basque...
(you know, one of those groups that probably crossed the Atlantic
_before_ Columbus came along).
| 1 |
5,935 |
I agree with this consensus that it should not have been written the way
it was. My doctor - who claims to have introduced Dr. Crook to the
possibility of candida overbloom causing diffuse symptoms way back in
1961 (I have no reason to doubt him on this) - does not like the book
because 1) it makes too many unfounded claims, and 2) is horribly written
from a scientific viewpoint. On the other hand, my doctor has always kept
an open mind on the subject and does believe in aspects of the "yeast
connection".
But, I believe there is some truth to the book. Hopefully the right
clinical studies can be done to separate the fact from the fiction. In
the meantime, I'd still encourage people who have "incurable" chronic sinus
problems (especially if they overused antibiotics), to find a doctor to
administer a systemic-type anti-fungal such as itraconazole (along with
liver panels before, during and after treatment just to play it safe). It
is an empirical approach for sure, but when all else fails, and your ENT
says "sorry, you'll just have to live with it", it is time to step out and
try an empirical approach backed up with significant anecdotal evidence
(Dr. Ivker), supported by plausible theories (outlined by Marty). At
this stage you have little to lose, particularly if you use itraconazole and
have the proper monitoring - the health risk has been shown through extensive
clinical studies both in Europe and the U.S. to be very minimal with
relatively healthy (i.e., non-AIDS) patients. I'm glad I did this, since I
saw remarkable results after only one week on Sporanox (itraconazole). Of
course, your mileage may vary a lot - everyone is different so it may not
work for you. Talk to your doctor.
Jon Noring
--
Charter Member --->>> INFJ Club. | 1 |
2,977 | My wife has requested that I poll the Sages of Usenet to see what is
known about the use of chromium in weight-control diet suppliments.
She has seen multiple products advertising it and would like any kind
real information.
My first impulse was "Yuck! a metal!" but I have zero data on it.
What do you know?
| 1 |
2,000 | 1 |
|
1,466 |
No one has mentioned violence other than you, Mr. Han. I believe you
are imagining things.
--
Perry Metzger [email protected] | 1 |
7,043 | Ken:
Your arguments are thoughtful but you are going up against the Big
Boys if you're tackling Henry. Allen Sherzer will doubtless chime in
on the subject of staggering operational costs, too. Good luck, son.
Ahem. The Russians are in the Free World now, or at least it would be
Politically Correct to contend so.
It will be tough to make DC-X succeed, and to turn it into an
operational orbital vehicle. Doubtless it will fail to meet some of
the promised goals. The reason people are so fond of it is that it's
the *only* chance we have now, or will have for a *long* time to come,
to develop a launch vehicle with radically lower costs.
There is no Shuttle successor in funded development, NASP is dwindling
away, and ALS/NLS/Spacelifter sure as hell aren't gonna knock any
zeroes off that $2000-$3000 per pound cost. Part of the blame for
this must be placed on a Shuttle program that consumes many annual
billions of the, er, Free World's available space cash. As you will
no doubt hear from many correspondents in the days to come. (-:
DC-X is an attempt to break out of the vicious cycle by keeping
development costs low and flying incremental "X-plane" hardware.
It's been, to my mind, incredibly successful already-- they've built a
complex prototype in under 600 days for under 60 megabucks. I would
have been extremely skeptical that this could be accomplished in 1990s
America, never mind flying the thing, getting a successor funded, or
building the DC-Y.
I'm sure you know well that launch costs are THE basic problem for any
expansion of astronautics. I don't see a realistic prospect for
beating down those costs, for multi-ton payloads, anywhere else. If
the DC flops, it'll be business as usual in space. The Nineties and
the Double-Oughts will look just like the Seventies and Eighties, a
prospect too depressing to bear.
(Pegasus represents another assault on the problem from a different
direction. It doesn't lower cost-per-pound but it offers an orbital
launch for under ten megabucks. It's creating its own market for
small payloads.)
I read the magazines and I've attended the last two IAFs. There are
plenty of engineers with paper ideas for cheaper launch systems, some
of them as good as or better than SSTO. There is no sign in today's
world that any of these designs will be allowed anywhere near an
assembly line.
[...deleting some things I'm not going to prove tonight...]
Strawman. Is anybody seriously proposing this? References, please.
The DC must be developed in the real-world funding climate, which
includes a NASA ferociously committed to continuing Shuttle
operations, as well as the "bird in the hand" argument your common
sense tells you. If DC-Y flies at all, it flies alongside the
Shuttle, not instead of it.
Also, of course, DC-Y and its operational descendants will be useful
for a wide variety of jobs even if they are *not* man-rated.
If a DC-X successor can fly a 10,000-kg payload for $1M, or even $5M,
rather than the $40M it now costs, more people will be able to afford
more payloads... for the same money, you can fly several satellites
instead of one. Big outfits can fly multi-satellite series. Little
outfits will be able to fly spacecraft of their own, instead of
begging a ride. This is just supply and demand. You should be able
to convince *yourself* that point 4 will be true, assuming DC makes a
big difference in costs. Do you have some reason to think not? | 1 |
6,800 | (in answer to Amruth Laxman
Apart from the fact that you get G in the pull-out, not the dive, that
figure is about right for sustained G, no protection.
The duration of G, it's rate of onset, body position and support aids are
all critical parts of the equation. I remember one note about instrumented
gridiron players recording peaks about 200G. Stapp, the aviation doctor,
either by accident or design, took a short-period 80G in a rocket-sled
decelleration, eye-balls-out against a standard (1950's) harness. It had
to be short, calculate the stopping time, even from 500 - 600mph at that
G. A bang-seat can get up to about 60 G, and you'd better be sitting
straight. Find the book by Martin-Bakers human guinea pig to hear how bad
it can get if the rate of onset is too high. A reclining position and a
good G-suit can keep a pilot functioning at around 12G.
A flotation tank should be a good bet, since you can treat the body as a
fluid, and high-pressure situations are not new. Anyone have any figures? | 1 |
2,571 |
Think we can lose the sci.image.processing group from this thread,
folks?
Thanks bunches.
spl | 1 |
7,285 |
Motorola certainly makes them, but I don't know how you
would go about buying one. You'd probably have to buy one
of our secure radios.
You could also bring in encryption chips from outside the country.
| 1 |
4,673 |
Well, I know one person who is ready to kill. Me. And the victim is
this whole topic, damnit.
PLEASE STOP COPYING ALL THIS CRAP TO comp.org.acm. PLEASE?
-- | 1 |
4,298 | I've read that exercise makes the heart pump more blood at a stroke, and
that it also makes the heart pumb slower, in order to make up for the
greater volume. My Internist, who diagnosed my AV block, slow heart rate
and PVC's, told me something different. She says that heart rate is
associated with the electrical properties of the hear muscle, not its
size. Exercise lowers heart rate and increases stroke volume, but the
effects are unrelated except for their common source. The AV block, she
asserts, is another electrical effect, which is irreversable - even when
exercise is dicontinued. PVC's are also common in runners.
So my EKG puts me in a class with trained athletes and also with heart
patients. Isn't that strange, though? Are there any not-so-beneficial
aspects to athlete's heart? Is it all good? | 1 |
2,927 |
The paper was distributed (against the wishes of the NSA - I have a copy
with a few 'illicit distribution' footnotes scribbled on it :-), and eventually
published at one of the crypto conferences. Things were looking good.
Then Xerox patented the algorithms. <Plonk!>
I don't know of anything which uses them. Also, Khafre was broken at a
later conference and from work on a related algorithm I don't think the
existing Khufu would hold up too well against a converted differential
cryptanalysis attack, although it can probably be changed to resist this
type of attack....
Peter. | 1 |
5,674 |
I don't know what you mean by 'edged', but surely there are two other
possibilities for an isotropic distribution: near interstellar (up to
~100 pc, i.e. within the disc), or the Galaxy's corona?
| 1 |
2,622 | 1 |
|
6,459 |
<: ....other good stuff about the Drs idiocy
Ok, much as I hate to do it, here I am posting an EVEN BETTER "Dr. Idiot"
story.
I was in my 18th hour of labor, had been pushing for 4.5 hours and was
exhausted. My OB and I decided to go for a csec. The OB called in
the anesthisiologist (sp?) and asked him to help prep me for surgery.
AFTER, watching me go through a couple contractions, the anes (or anus as
I like to refer to him) said, "Well, I am off duty now." (still staring
between my legs at that). The OB asked to go call whomever it was who
was on duty and ask him/her how long it would take...and if it was going
to take more than a few minutes, to please stay even though he was off duty.
The anes. went out, supposedly to call the on-call anes. In a couple of
minutes the nurse came running in to tell the OB that the anes. had left
without even trying to get ahold of the on-call. It was the only time
during my labor that I swore. The on-call anes. took 20 minutes to get
there.
Come to find out, the anes. had only just gone off duty (about 2 minutes
before) and technically was supposed to stay in the hospital until the
next on-call got there. Good thing for all of us (especially him) that
it was not a critical emergency. But boy would I love to knock that
fellow's ouchie places ...just to let him be in pain a
few little minutes.
I have run into "Dr. Idiots", "Mechanic Idiots", "Clerk Idiots" and "Etc.
Idiots" in my time, but this fellow I would like to have words with.
| 1 |
4,010 |
I decided to come back and amend this so it quotes me and has added
comments...
before you had a pat of butter, now you need a medium apple (probably microwave
the body will make fat out of carbohydrates if it needs them. Third, your
body, like most peoples, wasn't bred to live on a high fat, modern diet.
If you read texts about ancient and primative people you will read about
the luxury of eating fat, how people enjoyed it. This was because it was so
rare. Even cows didn't put out nearly the amount of butterfat in milk that
they do now.
are pregnant. If you are lucky you can work on getting rid of it after the
baby. (It is said that doctors have less gallbadder surgery than the rest
of the population, a good part of it is that they are willing to do the
dieting, etc that helps them avoid surgery. Also, I don't think the surgery
lets a person go back to eating a high fat diet. )
| 1 |
462 |
This is stupid. Won't it cost more to those companies hoping to
serve the gov't and private markets if they DON'T use the same
technology?
| 1 |
5,216 | I commend everybody to look at the FTP site 'ftp.cicb.fr'
-> Ethernet address 129.20.128.2 <-
in the directory /pub/Images/ASTRO:
there are lots of images (all of kinds in astronomy subject)
especially in GIF format and a NEW ! directory of some JPL animations
For your comfort, README files in all subdirectories give size and
description of each image, and a 7 days' newer images' list is in READMENEW
Note: you can connect it as 'anonymous' or 'ftp' user, then the quota
for each is 8 users connected in the same time.
So, if the server responds you "connection refused", be patient !
2nd note: this site is reachable by Gopher at 'roland.cicb.fr'
-> Ethernet address 129.20.128.27 <-
in 'Divers serveurs Ftp/Le serveur ftp du CRI-CICB/Images/ASTRO'
If you have any comments, suggestions, problems,
then you can contact me at E-mail '[email protected]' | 1 |
6,284 |
You'll find that in Allen, C.W., "Astrophysical Quantities", Athlone
Press, Dover, NH, 3rd edition, pp. 268-269 (1973). To the accuracy it can
be calculated (see specific references in Allen about how it is
calculated), the temperature is 3 degrees K.
Lots of people have remarked on this temperature. The first may have
been in Eddington's book, "Internal Constitution of Stars", Ch. 13 (1926;
reprinted 1986), where he gives the "temperature of space" as 3 degrees.
The source of this temperature is the radiation of starlight.
To the accuracy of measurement, it's the same temperature. Some of us
think this may not be a coincidence. -|Tom|-
| 1 |
2,103 | I was told by my doctor
I've had three children and the pain was different in degree for each. I
think it just depends. I was impressed by how awful a kidney stone seemed
to be, when I saw a relative with one. I bet they depend, too--some are
probably worse than others.
Pain--yucch.
| 1 |
3,637 |
The same could be said for many other goverment agencies, but big budgets,
large staffs, and long lead time haven't made many of them into models of
effectiveness.
The fact is that those of us outside the inner circles have only James
Bamford's word that the people at the NSA use those legendary masses of
computers for anything other than reading netnews, like many of us.
The NSA *doesn't* have an impressive record of accomplishments, at least
not a public record.
| 1 |
389 |
The Shannon limit for voice lines is likely somewhere around 25kbps.
We are rapidly approaching it. The fastest affordable full-duplex
modems currently on the market are V32bis, which is 14400bps.
CELP manages to sound decent at 4800 bps.
In theory, if you built a speech recognition system that turned voice
into ASCII, and a perfect synthesis system on the other end that
sounded just like the person you were speaking to, you could get it
down to the information content of the speech.
With various kinds of LPC, you can get it down to 2400 bps or prehaps
even less, at which point it sounds horrible.
4800 bps is more than adequite for our purposes.
--
Perry Metzger [email protected] | 1 |
5,431 |
Exactly what would that show, ?! the "law enforcement block" is easy to
create, given the Government key and any serial number.
*IF* it comes to trail about the wiretap.... ya, some safegaurd that is.
What if they just harass people as a result, or learn things they shouldn't
have learned, etc?
The whole point of the Escrow system is to prevent the FBI from making
illegal wiretaps. Why not have the FBI holds the
keys and that's it? Why do we need the escrow system at all?
Unless a 3rd party (a judge) verifies that the requested serial number
is "right", and the FBI can get any key they like at anytime, the escrow
system is useless. | 1 |
494 |
Greg,
No flame intended, but I think you just missed one of the rare attempts of
humor in sci.skeptic.
"Krillean" against "Kirilian". Get it?
;-)
BTW, I think you're a bit of base yourself, since, to my knowledge, the
electromagnetic field around a stone is rather abscent. But still, a stone
has a nice "aura" on the Kirilian photographs.
Don't remember excactly, but "corona discharge" I think is a more fitting
expression than aura. Think you'll find something on this in the skeptic-faq.
| 1 |
2,725 | A > From some of the replies to my original posting, it's evident that some
A > people do not secrete enough mucous to keep their nose lining protected
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Include small amounts of hot, spicy foods with your meals. It's
not a cure, but many people find it helpful to create extra mucus.
You may also consider taking a few drops of iodine in juice or water
(consult your doctor first!), which is available OTC in Canada.
If you have a sedentary lifestyle, exercising sometimes helps.
A > from environmental influences (ie, dry air). But I've had no responses
A > from anyone with experience with Rutin. Is there another newsgroup that
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
A > might have specifics on herbal remedies?
A >
A > Robert Allison
I tried to e-mail you, but our board is having internet problems,
so I'm not sure whether you got the information on rutin or not.
Rutin is NOT a herb, but part of the bioflavonoid complex. You should
generally *not* take rutin by itself, but take the whole bioflavonoid
complex instead. If you don't (and there are some exceptions to that)
you'll eventually create a hesperidin deficiency, which is the other
major component of the bioflavonoid complex.
I found out the hard way years ago when I recommended rutin, after it
showed deficient in patients who were NOT deficient in hesperidin be-
fore. A later retest almost always showed a subsequent deficiency in
hesperidin, which, from then on, made me always *add* bioflavonoids
to anyone that had *very* low levels of rutin.
Most of the time people are equally low in rutin *and* hesperidin, so
there is really no reason to take rutin by itself, but use the whole
bioflavonoid complex instead.
I have several thousand patients taking them with many claiming that
they had been helped with hemorrhoids, varicose veins, chronic nose
bleeds, aneurysms, gastro-intestinal bleeding (due to drugs), etc...
One patient in desperation took a whole bottle (100's) in one day
for his painful, bleeding hemorrhoids, without any ill effects.
They are also non-toxic in very high amounts, that's why they can
be safely recommended. If you are allergic to citrus fruit (they are
made from their peels), pine bark sources are available as well.
About 90% of patients tested show a bioflavonoid deficiency,
with the average daily dosage needed being about 1 - 2,000mg.
For major complaints, 4 - 6,000mg+/day is common.
In case they cannot be taken, because of their size and taste (they
are big, and they don't taste that great), a product made from pine
bark extract gives you the same effect and the tablets are quite
small and taste much better, however the cost is about seven times
higher for the equivalent effect. One 25mg tablet of the pine bark
extract gives you about the same effect as 1,000mg of bioflavonoids.
The name for the pine bark product is 'Pycnogenol.'
Some Canadian brands carrying bioflavonoids are:
Quest.............1,000mg big, bitter, not chewable
Swiss Herbal........600mg smooth, easier swallowing
Jamieson............500mg medium, bitter, chewable
SISU.................25mg (Pycnogenol) small, easy swallowing
Give them a try and see what happens.....and good luck!
-- Ron Roth --
=====================================================================
-- Internet: [email protected] - Rosenet: ron roth@rosehamilton --
* "Eating Radium has strange results," Tom said brightly. | 1 |
2,436 |
A placebo is an accepted treatment at times.
Why should it? Placebos are effective under certain circumstances. That's
why they're used.
Actually, I don't know know anyone who has actually gotten a "sugar pill".
I don't know how it could be done, since prescription drugs are always
labeled, and it's easy enough to find out what's in a pill if you have the
name.
It's more common to prescribe a drug which is effective for something, just
not for what you have. Antibiotics for viral infections are the most
common such placebo.
I'm not sure what you mean by this. What do you think you're paying for?
You're not entitled to a prescription drug just because you pay for a
doctor's appointment.
--
| 1 |
3,871 | Another factor against bringing the HST back to Earth is risk of contamination. | 1 |
3,603 |
...
There are several different types of Thyroid diseases which would cause
a hypothyroid condition (reduction in the output of the thyroid, mainly
thyroxin). Except for ones caused by infections, the treatment is
generally thyroxin pills. Hypothyroid conditions caused by infections
usually disappear when the infection does...this doesn't sound like the
case with your wife.
Thyroxin orally does "shut down the thyroid" through a feedback loop
involving the pituitary (I believe). The pituitary "thinks" that the
correct amount of thyroxin is being produced so it doesn't have to
tell the thyroid to produce more. This process is reversable! I have
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (an autoimmune condition) and was on thyroxin
for approx 6 mo when my endocrinologist suggested I not take the pills
for 6 wks. When I was retested for thyroxin levels, they were normal.
I still get tested every 6mo because the condition might reappear.
The pills are safe and have very few side-affects (& those mostly at
beginning of treatment). Having a baby might be a problem and would at
least require closer monitoring of hormone levels.
Thyroxin controls energy production which explains sleepiness, coldness,
and weight gain. There is also water retention (possibly around heart),
changes in vision, and coarser hair and skin among other things.
I am not a doctor, so I'm sure I mistated something, but the important
thing is that thyroid problems are usually easily corrected and if they
aren't corrected can cause problems in the rest of the body. Get a
second opinion from a good endocrinologist and have him/her explain
things in detail to you and your wife. | 1 |
2,358 |
I suspect the government feels it is enough to prevent companies from
offering secure encryption services. Big companies don't take that
kind of risk. They're too visible and have too much to lose.
The US government may not have to make encryption illegal to prevent its
use. If they could credibly say to IBM or MIT: you will receive no US
government money next year unless you follow these voluntary guidelines on
use of encryption, I doubt either organization would delay making use of
encryption a violation of local policies. The US government gets much of
its power by making it impractical to operate without getting money from the
government while putting restrictions on use of such money that would be
illegal if they were enacted as laws.
| 1 |
2,845 | Hi, I am doing a term paper on the syringe and I have found some
information. It is said that Charles Pravaz has invented the hypodermic
needle, but then I have also found that Alexander Wood has invented it.
Does anyone know which one it is, of if it was anyone else? If there is
anymore information that is out there could you please send it to me.
Thank you very much.
Becky Olsen
| 1 |
437 | Could someone please help me. I am trying to find the
address to the TDRS receiving station at White Sands
Missile Range. I am interested in possible employment
and would like to write for information. | 1 |
7,430 |
I'm worried by the concern about it though, for a number of reasons
that have nothing to do with Space Advertising (which for a number of
reasons is probably doomed to fail on financial grounds).
(And I've been reading and (and writing) this thread since way
back when it was only on sci.space).
For starters, I don't think the piece of light-pollution apparatus
would be as bright as the full moon. _That_ seems to me to be a bit
of propaganda on the part of opponents, or wishful thinking on the
part of proponents.
Second, this charge of ruining the night sky permanently has been
levelled against other projects, that either 1) don't increace light
pollution significantly, or 2) increace light pollution only over the
target area.
You may or may not recognize #1 as being Solar Power Sattelites.
I think it was Josh Hopkins who actually did the math, showing that
SPS's weren't that bright after all, ending some two months of frenzied
opposition on the part of dark-sky activists and various other types.
#2 is mainly projects like the orbiting mirror the CIS tested
recently. While slightly more worrisome, I'd like to point out that
any significant scattering of light outside the target area for one of
these mirrors would be wasted as far as the project would be
concerned, and something any project like that would work against
anyway. And given some of the likely targets, I don't think there's
going to be much of an outcry from the inhabitants. There is too much
dark sky in the northern CIS during the winter, and I doubt you'll find
many activists in Murmansk demanding the "natural" sky back. If anything,
he'll probably be inside, stripped buck naked in front of the UV lamp,
making sure he'll get enough vitamin D for the "day."
The mirror experiments aren't something they're doing for crass
advertising. They think that if they can build one, it'll be one of
those things people in the affected areas will think they couldn't
have lived without before. And I doubt anyone's going to really be
able to convince them to stop.
| 1 |
2,088 |
[much more deleted]
Here is how! Lets write a DOCUMENT which includes all the reasons
we oppose Clipper, in clear, concise, non-techincal manner. I urge
everyone of you to take the (very simple) "start" below and repost it
with changes. Let the text evolve until we reach something most of us
like. Then, all of you should send a copy (with a personnel letter)
to your congress critter, local reporter on sci/tech, etc.
Please, to make this a success, try to post only an "agreed" version,
not flames. To respond to a flame to this, please change the subject
to, e.g, "clipper scope - discussion".
-- Michael Golan
[email protected]
[all of these are points - which should be made into paragraphs]
What is wrong with the clipper chip - By usenet users
-----------------------------------------------------
1) It is secret.
2) How can we trust the escrow agencies?
3) It is not cost-effective
4) We want other encryption systems, the government seems to want to
disallow it in the future
5) Anyone can build a non-key system
6) We are worried about a back door
7) Once everyone uses a clipper chip, the mechanism for a Big-Brother
government is in place, a change of government can lead to it.
Especially since the escrow agencies operation is not governed by
law (so the president can change the rules to allow free access to
the keys at any time, e.g., during war)
8) Few criminals are caught by wiretaps, the cost [and risks] are unjustified
9) Once the FBI get hold of a key, it can decrypt past and future conversations | 1 |
5,253 | ------------- cut here -----------------
call for employers to keep information about the HIV status of health-care
workers confidential. But doctors who know of an HIV-positive colleague who
has not sought advice must inform the employing authority and the appropriate
professional regulatory body. The guidelines also emphasize the significance
of notifying all patients on whom an invasive procedure has been done by an
infected health-care worker. A model letter to patients who have come into
contact with such an individual is provided, along with suggestions for
health officials on how to deal with the media. In addition, a U.K. advisory
panel on HIV infection in health-care workers has been formed to provide
specific occupational recommendations to those treating such patients.
==================================================================
"Properties of an HIV 'Vaccine'" Nature (04/08/93) Vol. 362, No. 6420, P. 504
(Volvovitz, Franklin and Smith, Gale)
The questions raised by Moore et al. about recombinant gp160 envelope
glycoprotein precursor from HIV-1 produced by MicroGeneSys are advantages
rather than disadvantages, write Franklin Volvovitz and Gale Smith of
MicroGeneSys in Meriden, Conn. Moore et al. says that gp160 in a baculovirus
expression system does not bind strongly to the CD4 receptor, and that this
recombinant gp160 does not stimulate the same antibodies as the HIV-1 virus
does in natural infection. But vaccination with recombinant gp160 in
patients infected with HIV-1 broadens HIV-1 specific envelope-directed immune
responses, including crossreactive antibodies to gp160 epitopes and CD4 and
CD8 cytotoxic T-cell responses. Volvovitz and Smith claim that they never
intended their gp160 molecule to be identical to the native protein. Antibody
responses against native HIV-1 proteins, including the types described by
Moore et al., exist in nearly all AIDS patients but do not prevent
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 42
Volume 6, Number 11 April 25, 1993
progression of HIV disease. In addition, the binding of gp120 or gp120-
antibody complexes to CD4 has been shown to interfere with antigen specific
activation of CD4 cells and trigger programmed cell death in vitro, which
may contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV infection. The absence of CD4
binding by the MicroGeneSys gp160 vaccine may therefore be viewed as an added
safety feature. Phase I studies have demonstrated stable CD4 counts,
stimulation of cytotoxic T cells, and the suggestion of restoration of immune
function. Based on these and other clinical results, MicroGeneSys gp160 was
chosen by researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden for the first
phase III vaccine therapy studies, conclude Volvovitz and Smith.
==================================================================
"HIV-1 Infection: Breast Milk and HIV-1 Transmission" Lancet (04/10/93) Vol.
341, No. 8850, P. 930 (Mok, Jacqueline)
There are still more questions than answers regarding HIV-1-positive
women breastfeeding their babies, writes Jacqueline Mok of the Lancet. The
anti-infective properties of milk are well documented. While the numbers of
leukocytes, concentrations of lactoferrin and IgA, and lymphocyte mitogenic
activity decline sharply during the first two to three months of lactation to
barely detectable levels, lactoferrin and IgA then increase from three to
twelve months, with 90 percent of total IgA in milk being secretory IgA.
Breastfeeding protects infants against gastrointestinal and respiratory
illnesses, in both normal and uninfected children born to HIV-positive
mothers. The Italian National Registry of AIDS discovered that breastfed HIV-
1 infected children had a longer median incubation time (19 months) than
bottlefed infants (9.7 months). Breastfed children also had a slower
progression to AIDS. There is no agreement on which antibodies offer
protection against HIV-1 infection. Studies of the biological properties of
milk from 15 HIV-1 infected women showed the presence of IgG and IgA
antibodies against envelope glycoproteins, as well as IgA antibodies against
core antigens. Binding of HIV-1 to the CD4 receptor can be inhibited by a
human milk factor. In the developing world, where infectious disease and
malnutrition contribute significantly to infant mortality, breast milk is
still the best food for infants, regardless of the mother's HIV status.
Transmission might be restricted by breastfeeding after colostrum and early
milk have been expressed and discarded. The possibility remains that breast
milk could protect the infant who is already infected with HIV at birth and
may even delay progression to AIDS, concludes Mok.
==================================================================
"Absence of HIV Transmission From an Infected Dentist to His Patients" Journal
of the American Medical Association (04/14/93) Vol. 269, No. 14, P. 1802
(Dickinson, Gordon M. et al.)
If universal precautions are practiced, the risk of HIV transmission
from dentist to patient appears to be infinitesimal, write Gordon M. Dickinson
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 43
Volume 6, Number 11 April 25, 1993
et al. of the University of Miami School of Medicine in Miami, Fla. The
researchers contacted all patients treated by a dentist with AIDS and
attempts were made to contact all patients for HIV testing. Living patients
with newly detected HIV infection were interviewed, and DNA sequence analysis
was performed to compare genetic relatedness of their HIV to that of the
dentist. Death certificates were obtained for deceased patients, and the
medical records of those with diagnoses suggestive of HIV disease or drug
abuse and those dying under the age of 50 years were examined in detail.
There were 1,192 patients who had undergone 9,267 procedures, of whom 124
were deceased. An examination of the death certificates of patients
identified five who had died with HIV infection, all of whom were either
homosexuals or IV-drug users. The researchers were able to detect 962 of the
remaining 1,048 patients, and 900 agreed to be tested. HIV infection was
reported in five of the 900 patients, including four who had clear evidence
of risk factors for the disease. One patient who had only a single
evaluation by the dentist denied high-risk behavior. Comparative DNA sequence
analysis showed that the viruses from the dentists and these five patients
were not closely related. The study suggests the potential for HIV
transmission from a general dentist to his patients is minimal in a setting
in which universal precautions are strictly observed, conclude Dickinson et
al.
================================================================
April 22, 1993
================================================================
"AIDS Patients are Susceptible to Recurrences of TB, Study Says" Washington
Post (04/22/93), P. A13
Tuberculosis can strike AIDS patients more than once, which makes the
resurging health hazard harder to control, according to a study published in
today's New England Journal of Medicine. People who contract TB usually
develop an immunity that protects them if they are exposed to the bacteria
again. But a person whose immune system is depleted may not be able to fight
off a new TB infection, doctors found. Peter M. Small of the Howard Hughes
Medical Institute at Stanford University, director of the study, said that in
order to protect against reinfection, it may be necessary for some people to
use TB medicines permanently. The study examined the genetic makeup of TB
bacteria and how the germs changed over time in 17 patients at Kings County
Hospital in New York.
================================================================
"HIV-1 Infection: Breast Milk and HIV-1 Transmission" Lancet (04/10/93) Vol.
341, No. 8850, P. 930 (Mok, Jacqueline)
There are still more questions than answers regarding HIV-1-positive
women breastfeeding their babies, writes Jacqueline Mok of the Lancet. The
anti-infective properties of milk are well documented. While the numbers of
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 44
Volume 6, Number 11 April 25, 1993
leukocytes, concentrations of lactoferrin and IgA, and lymphocyte mitogenic
activity decline sharply during the first two to three months of lactation to
barely detectable levels, lactoferrin and IgA then increase from three to
twelve months, with 90 percent of total IgA in milk being secretory IgA.
Breastfeeding protects infants against gastrointestinal and respiratory
illnesses, in both normal and uninfected children born to HIV-positive
mothers. The Italian National Registry of AIDS discovered that breastfed HIV-
1 infected children had a longer median incubation time (19 months) than
bottlefed infants (9.7 months). Breastfed children also had a slower
progression to AIDS. There is no agreement on which antibodies offer
protection against HIV-1 infection. Studies of the biological properties of
milk from 15 HIV-1 infected women showed the presence of IgG and IgA
antibodies against envelope glycoproteins, as well as IgA antibodies against
core antigens. Binding of HIV-1 to the CD4 receptor can be inhibited by a
human milk factor. In the developing world, where infectious disease and
malnutrition contribute significantly to infant mortality, breast milk is
still the best food for infants, regardless of the mother's HIV status.
Transmission might be restricted by breastfeeding after colostrum and early
milk have been expressed and discarded. The possibility remains that breast
milk could protect the infant who is already infected with HIV at birth and
may even delay progression to AIDS, concludes Mok.
================================================================
"HIV and the Aetiology of AIDS" Lancet (04/10/93) Vol. 341, No. 8850, P. 957
(Duesberg, Peter)
Because there is no proof that HIV is the cause of AIDS, the hypothesis
that drug use leads to AIDS will hopefully become a hindrance to the
physiologically (AZT) and psychologically (positive AIDS test) toxic public
health initiatives, writes Peter Duesberg of the University of California--
Berkeley. In the Lancet's March 13 issue, Schechter et al. call Duesberg's
hypothesis that injected and orally used recreational drugs and AZT lead to
AIDS, "a hindrance to public health initiatives." However, their hypothesis
that HIV is the cause of AIDS has not attained any public health benefits.
The U.S. government spends $4 billion annually, but no vaccine, no therapy,
no prevention, and no AIDS control have resulted from work on this
hypothesis. Schechter et al. conclude that HIV has a key role in CD4
depletion and AIDS based on epidemiological correlations with antibodies
against HIV and with self reported recreational drug use among homosexuals
from Vancouver. However, their survey neglects to disprove Duesberg's drug-
AIDS hypothesis, because it does not provide controls--i.e., confirmed drug-
free AIDS cases--and because it does not quantify drug use and ignores AZT
use altogether. To refute Duesberg's hypothesis Schechter would have to
produce a controlled study demonstrating that over a period of up to 10 years
HIV-positive patients who use recreational drugs or AZT or both have the same
AIDS risks as positives who do not do so. The 10 year period is claimed by
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 45
Volume 6, Number 11 April 25, 1993
proponents of the HIV hypothesis to be the time needed for HIV to cause AIDS.
Alternatively, they could show that HIV-free individuals who have used drugs
for 10 years never get AIDS-defining illnesses, concludes Duesberg.
================================================================
"Rapid Decline of CD4+ Cells After IFNa Treatment in HIV-1 Infection"
Lancet (04/10/93) Vol. 341, No. 8850, P. 959 (Vento, Sandro et al.)
Interferon (IFN), which induces autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases
in some settings, may hasten CD4 T-cell loss in some HIV-1 infected
individuals through the amplification of harmful "autoimmune" reactions,
write Sandro Vento et al. of the A. Pugliese Hospital in Catanzaro, Italy.
The researchers report three asymptomatic HIV-1 infected individuals with
hepatitis C Virus related chronic active hepatitis (CAH) who had a rapid,
profound decline of CD4 cells after IFN. All three patients throughout the
observation were consistently negative for serum HIV p24 antigen and had
circulating antibodies to p24. Sera from all three patients, obtained at the
end of IFN treatment and testing in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,
contained high titres of antibodies reacting to a sequence located in the
aminoterminal of the beta chain of all human HLA class II antigens,
homologous to a sequence located in the carboxy terminus of HIV-1 gp41.
These autoantibodies, which also recognize "native" class II molecules and
may contribute to the elimination of CD4 T cells "in vivo", were at low tires
(50-100) in all three patients six months after stopping IFN. Such
autoantibodies were not detected in 28 other patients with HIV infection and
HCV related CAH treated with IFN and who did not experience CD4 T-cell loss
in some HIV-1 infected individuals through the amplification of harmful
"autoimmune" reactions. The subjects had A1; B8; DR3; and B35, DR1 HLA
antigen combinations which are linked with a more rapid fall in CD4 cell
counts and clinical progression of HIV-1 disease. IFN can induce a very
rapid decline of CD4 cells and should be used cautiously in patients with
these HLA haplotypes, the researchers conclude.
================================================================
April 23, 1993
================================================================
"TB Makes a Comeback" State Government News (04/93) Vol. 36, No. 4, P. 6
(Voit, William and Knapp, Elaine S.)
Although tuberculosis was once believed to be eliminated in the United
States, it is emerging again among the homeless, AIDS patients, immigrants,
minorities, and prisoners. Dr. Lee B. Reichman, professor of medicine at the
University of New Jersey Medical School and president of the American Lung
Association, said, "Right now, it's a big city problem, but potentially it's
everyone's problem." The ALA predicts that 10 million Americans are infected
with TB, and about 10 percent of them will develop the disease because their
immune systems are depressed, especially those with AIDS or HIV. Gene
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 46
Volume 6, Number 11 April 25, 1993
Tammes, a Centers for Disease Control expert, said that is why the CDC has
issued guidelines warning hospitals and institutions not to mix AIDS with TB
patients. State health officials believe the TB is also spreading because
those who are most susceptible are the least likely to follow through with
treatment. In addition, the increase is attributed to a shortage of public
health services. In New York City, TB is an epidemic "because the number of
cases is increasing faster than we can treat people," said Dr. George
Diferdinando, director of the New York State TB Control. According to
Diferdinando, curbing the spread of TB entails keeping 85 percent or more of
diagnosed TB cases in treatment. About 40 percent of infected New York City
residents don't complete therapy. When TB patients don't finish taking their
medication, multi-drug resistant TB can develop, which requires taking more
expensive drugs and can take two years instead of the normal six months to
treat.
================================================================
"Increasing Frequency of Heterosexually Transmitted AIDS in Southern
Florida: Artifact or Reality?" American Journal of Public Health (04/93) Vol.
83, No. 4, P. 571 (Nwanyanwu, Okey C. et al.)
The alarmingly high rate of heterosexually acquired AIDS cases in
southern Florida was partially related to misclassification of risk, write
Okey C. Nwanyanwu et al. of the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, Ga.
The researchers investigated 168 such AIDS cases from Broward and coastal
Palm Beach counties. All of these cases attributed to heterosexual
transmission reported sexual contact with bisexual men, injecting drug users,
or persons born in countries where heterosexual contact is the primary route
of HIV transmission. Medical records of patients, in addition to records
from social services, HIV counseling and testing centers, and sexually
transmitted disease (STD) clinics were reviewed. If no other HIV risk factor
was found from medical record review, patients were interviewed using a
standardized questionnaire. Once STD clinic and other medical records were
reviewed, 29 men and 7 women were reclassified into other HIV transmission
categories. After adjustments were made for the reclassification, the
percentage of AIDS cases reported from Palm Beach and Broward counties
between January 1, 1989, and March 31, 1990, that was attributed to
heterosexual transmission decreased from 10 percent to 6 percent among men
and from 33 percent to 28 percent among women. While the percentage of
heterosexually transmitted AIDS cases in southern Florida decreased after
adjustment was made for reclassified cases, it still remained above the
national average, the researchers conclude.
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 47
Volume 6, Number 11 April 25, 1993
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
AIDS Statistics
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
World Health Organization, Geneva
Organisation mondiale de la Sante, Geneve
WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD
RELEVE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE
15 January 1993 - 68th Year
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)
DATA AS AT 31 December 1992
SYNDROME D'IMMUNODEFICIENCE ACQUISE (SIDA)
DONNEES AU 31 Decembre 1992
NUMBER DATE OF
OF CASES REPORT
COUNTRY/AREA - NOMBRE DATE
PAYS/TERRITOIRE DE CAS DE
NOTIFI-
CATION
AFRICA - AFRIQUE
Algeria - Algerie 92 31.08.91
Angola 514 24.09.92
Benin - Benin 247 31.03.92
Botswana 353 30.06.92
Burkina Faso 1,263 20.03.92
Burundi 6,052 20.03.92
Cameroon - Cameroun 1,407 05.10.92
Cape Verde - Cap-Vert 52 08.02.92
Central African Republic -
Republique centrafricaine 1,864 20.03.92
Chad - Tchad 382 17.09.92
Comoros - Comores 3 11.03.92
Congo 3,482 30.01.92
Cote d'Ivoire 10,792 09.03.92
Djibouti 265 17.12.92
Egypt - Egypte 57 17.12.92
Equatorial Guinea -
Guinee equatoriale 13 16.05.92
Ethiopia - Ethiopie 3,978 11.11.92
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 48
Volume 6, Number 11 April 25, 1993
Gabon 215 31.05.92
Gambia - Gambie 180 25.02.92
Ghana 3,612 01.07.92
Guinea - Guinee 338 20.03.92
Guinea-Bissau - Guinee-Bissau 189 13.07.92
Kenya 31,185 01.10.92
Lesotho 64 31.03.92
Liberia - Liberia 28 31.03.92
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya -
Jamahiriya arabe libyenne 7 17.12.92
Madagascar 2 06.11.92
Malawi 22,300 02.12.92
Mali 1,111 17.07.92
Mauritania - Mauritanie 36 19.07.92
Mauritius - Maurice 11 29.02.92
Morocco - Maroc 121 17.12.92
Mozambique 538 10.10.92
Namibia - Namibie 311 20.03.92
Niger 497 07.02.92
Nigeria - Nigeria 184 12.03.92
Reunion - Reunion 65 20.03.92
Rwanda 8,483 12.11.92
Sao Tome and Principe -
Sao Tome-et-Principe 11 03.07.92
Senegal - Senegal 648 09.03.92
Seychelles --- 18.02.92
Sierra Leone 40 20.03.92
Somalia - Somalie 13 17.12.92
South Africa -
Afrique du Sud 1,316 30.06.92
Sudan - Soudan 650 17.12.92
Swaziland 197 08.07.92
Togo 1,278 03.04.92
Tunisia - Tunisie 114 17.12.92
Uganda - Ouganda 34,611 01.11.92
United Republic of Tanzania -
Republique-Unie de
Tanzanie 34,605 31.05.92
Zaire - Zaire 18,186 14.05.92
Zambia - Zambie 6,556 15.10.92
Zimbabwe 12,514 31.03.92
TOTAL 211,032
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 49
Volume 6, Number 11 April 25, 1993
AMERICAS - AMERIQUES
Anguilla 6 10.12.92
Antigua and Barbuda -
Antigua-et-Barbuda 6 10.12.92
Argentina - Argentine 1,820 10.12.92
Bahamas 934 10.12.92
Barbados - Barbade 315 10.12.92
Belize 53 10.12.92
Bermuda - Bermudes 199 10.12.92
Bolivia - Bolivie 49 10.12.92
Brazil - Bresil 31,364 10.12.92
British Virgin Islands -
Iles Vierges
britanniques 4 10.12.92
Canada 6,889 10.12.92
Cayman Islands - Iles Caimanes 13 10.12.92
Chile - Chili 573 10.12.92
Colombia - Colombie 2,957 10.12.92
Costa Rica 419 10.12.92
Cuba 137 10.12.92
Dominica - Dominique 12 10.12.92
Dominican Republic -
Republique dominicaine 1,809 10.12.92
Ecuador - Equateur 224 10.12.92
El Salvador 382 10.12.92
French Guiana -
Guyane francaise 232 10.12.92
Grenada - Grenade 32 10.12.92
Guadeloupe 182 10.12.92
Guatemala 273 10.12.92
Guyana 333 10.12.92
Haiti - Haiti 3,086 10.12.92
Honduras 1,976 10.12.92
Jamaica - Jamaique 361 10.12.92
Martinique 227 10.12.92
Mexico - Mexique 11,034 10.12.92
Montserrat 1 10.12.92
Netherlands Antilles and Aruba -
Antilles neerlandaises et
Aruba 110 10.12.92
Nicaragua 31 10.12.92
Panama 388 10.12.92
Paraguay 51 10.12.92
Peru - Perou 614 10.12.92
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 50
Volume 6, Number 11 April 25, 1993
Saint Kitts and Nevis -
Saint-Kitts-et-Nevis 37 10.12.92
Saint Lucia - Sainte-Lucie 48 10.12.92
Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines - Saint-
Vincent-et-Grenadines 41 10.12.92
Suriname 122 10.12.92
Trinidad and Tobago -
Trinite-et-Tobago 1,085 10.12.92
Turks and Caicos Islands -
Iles Turques et
Caiques 25 10.12.92
United States of America -
Etats-Unis d'Amerique 242,146 10.12.92
Uruguay 310 10.12.92
Venezuela 2,173 10.12.92
TOTAL 313,083
ASIA - ASIE
Afghanistan --- 17.12.92
Bahrain - Bahrein 3 31.03.92
Bangladesh 1 30.11.92
Bhutan - Bhoutan --- 30.11.92
Brunei Darussalam -
Brunei Darussalam 2 19.12.91
Burma see Myanmar -
Birmanie voir Myanmar
Cambodia - Cambodge --- 31.10.92
China(a) - Chine(a) 11 28.04.92
Cyprus - Chypre 24 17.12.92
Democratic People's Republic
of Korea - Republique
populaire democratique
de Coree --- 30.11.92
Hong Kong 61 26.09.92
India - Inde 242 30.11.92
Indonesia - Indonesie 24 30.11.92
Iran (Islamic Republic of) -
Iran (Republique
islamique d') 56 17.12.92
Iraq 7 17.12.92
Israel - Israel 192 17.12.92
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 51
Volume 6, Number 11 April 25, 1993
Japan - Japon 508 04.12.92
Jordan - Jordanie 24 17.12.92
Kuwait - Koweit 7 17.12.92
Lao People's Democratic Republic -
Republique democratique
populaire lao 1 23.04.92
Lebanon - Liban 35 17.12.92
Macao 2 03.11.92
Malaysia - Malaisie 46 25.05.92
Maldives --- 30.11.92
Mongolia - Mongolie 1 30.11.92
Myanmar 16 30.11.92
Nepal - Nepal 12 30.11.92
Oman 27 17.12.92
Pakistan 25 17.12.92
Philippines 80 07.10.92
Qatar 31 17.12.92
Republic of Korea -
Republique de Coree 10 19.11.92
Saudi Arabia - Arabie saoudite 46 17.12.92
Singapore - Singapour 43 05.08.92
Sri Lanka 20 30.11.92
Syrian Arab Republic -
Republique arabe syrienne 19 17.12.92
Thailand - Thailande 909 30.11.92
Turkey - Turquie 89 17.12.92
United Arab Emirates - Emirats
arabes unis 8 17.12.92
Viet Nam --- 28.04.92
Yemen - Yemen --- 17.12.92
TOTAL 2,582
EUROPE
Albania - Albanie --- 30.09.92
Austria - Autriche 828 30.09.92
Belarus - Belarus 6 30.09.92
Belgium - Belgique 1,224 17.12.92
Bulgaria - Bulgarie 16 17.12.92
Czechoslovakia - Tchecoslovaquie 32 17.12.92
Denmark - Danemark 1,072 17.12.92
Finland - Finlande 112 17.12.92
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 52
Volume 6, Number 11 April 25, 1993
France 21,487 17.12.92
Germany - Allemagne 8,893 17.12.92
Greece - Grece 689 17.12.92
Hungary - Hongrie 105 17.12.92
Iceland - Islande 22 17.12.92
Ireland - Irlande 294 17.12.92
Italy - Italie 14,783 17.12.92
Latvia - Lettonie 2 30.09.92
Lithuania - Lituanie 2 30.09.92
Luxembourg 55 17.12.92
Malta - Malte 25 17.12.92
Monaco 9 17.12.92
Netherlands - Pays-Bas 2,330 17.12.92
Norway - Norvege 283 17.12.92
Poland - Pologne 118 17.12.92
Portugal 1,007 17.12.92
Romania - Roumanie 2,073 17.12.92
Russian Federation - Federation
de Russie 94 30.09.92
San Marino - Saint-Marin 1 17.12.92
Spain - Espagne 14,991 17.12.92
Sweden - Suede 743 17.12.92
Switzerland - Suisse 2,691 17.12.92
United Kingdom - Royaume-Uni 6,510 17.12.92
Yugoslavia(b) - Yougoslavie(b) 313 30.09.92
TOTAL 80,810
OCEANIA - OCEANIE
American Samoa - Samoa americaines --- 18.11.92
Australia - Australie 3,615 02.12.92
Cook Islands - Iles Cook --- 18.02.92
Federated States of Micronesia -
Etats federes de Micronesie 2 01.09.92
Fiji - Fidji 4 28.11.91
French Polynesia - Polynesie francaise 27 28.11.91
Guam 10 13.09.91
Kiribati --- 08.11.91
Mariana Islands - Iles Mariannes 4 14.10.92
Marshall Islands - Iles Marshall 2 18.03.91
Nauru --- 17.12.92
New Caledonia and Dependencies -
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 53
Volume 6, Number 11 April 25, 1993
Nouvelle-Caledonie et
dependances 22 26.08.92
New Zealand - Nouvelle-Zelande 348 03.11.92
Niue --- 18.02.92
Palau --- 15.10.92
Papua New Guinea - Papouasie-
Nouvelle-Guinee 45 10.08.92
Samoa 1 18.02.92
Solomon Islands - Iles Salomon --- 19.12.91
Tokelau --- 18.02.92
Tonga 2 24.07.92
Tuvalu --- 22.11.92
Vanuatu --- 08.06.92
Wallis and Futuna Islands - Iles
Wallis et Futuna --- 27.05.91
TOTAL 4,082
WORLD TOTAL -
TOTAL MONDIAL 611,589
(a) The above statistics relating to China do not include 48 cases of AIDS in
the Province of Taiwan. -- Les statistiques ci-dessus se rapportant a la Chine
ne comprennent pas 48 cas de SIDA dans la province de Taiwan.
(b) Refers to Republics and areas of the former Socialist Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Macedonia; Montenegro;
Serbia; Slovenia. -- Se refere aux republiques et territoires de l'ancienne
Republique federative socialiste de Yougoslavie: Bosnie-Herzegovine; Croatie;
Macedoine; Montenegro; Serbie; Slovenie.
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 54
------------- cut here -----------------
-- This is the last part ---------------
| 1 |
3,116 |
It's public because it belongs to everybody. It's vandalism because many people -- power companies -- do maliciously waste light. If they can sell you
or your city or your state an unshielded light that wastes 30 to 50 percent
of its light, they make more _money_. Never mind that your money is wasted.
Never mind that taxpaper's money is wasted. Never mind that the sky is ruined.
Bob Bunge | 1 |
5,056 |
Dear Senator/Congressman/President {fill in the blank}
I am writing you to voice my strong opposition to President Clinton's Clipper
Chip initiative. This proposal to establish a secret government designed
cryptography chip with government key registration as the standard for voice
encryption is very disturbing. The idea that citizens must register their
secrets with the government just in case they are trying to keep them secret
is patently unAmerican. Additionally, the press release for this program
strongly implied that other forms of cryptography would be banned after the
Clipper Chip standard is in place. This latest attack on our civil rights is
deeply disturbing and is frankly a voting issue for me.
The presidents press release stated that the plan strikes a balance between the
legitimate needs of law enforcement and a citizens right to privacy but this
is not the case. The fact is that since other strong cryptographic equipment
is avalible the criminals, drug dealers and terrorists mentioned in the press
release will simply use non clipper cryptography. Meanwhile the average citizen
may gain no protection against warentless wiretaps by the government since the
government escrowed key is derived deterministicly from the unit serial number
which is broadcast by the chip durring its opperation. This seems like an
obvious back door for the NSA and law enforcement. If you still do nott
understand my objection to key registration, consider the way J. Edgar Hoover
blackmailed government officials like yourself; would you now use a phone to
transmit personal details of your life that the NSA and FBI have the keys to?
______________________________________________________________________________
Well heres a letter, I didnt spell check it since I dont know how in EMACS
so you might want to do that. | 1 |
4,026 |
This is not quite right. The differential arrival time techinique
requires interplanetary baselines to get good positions. The
differential arrival at the eight detectors differ by 10's of nanoseconds.
This is smaller than BATSE's microsecond timing capabilities.
BATSE, Ulysses, and Mars Obsverver are used for this technique.
Each BATSE detector does not have a full sky field of view.
The sensitivity of each detector decreases with increasing
angle of incidence. The burst position on the sky is determined by
comparing the count rates in different detectors. | 1 |
4,468 |
Unfortunately, Hoover thought himself above the constitution, whatever he
considered the limits others should obey. He ruthlessly invaded the privacy
of many private and public citizens.
-mel | 1 |
2,716 | 1 |
|
3,939 | 1 |
|
211 | If this man Clark is a NASA administrator then god save NASA. Of course
the Shuttles record is unrivaled ! There is only one Shuttle. Furthermore,
there is only likely to be one Shuttle now that Hermes and Boron are
effectively cancelled.
These officials should spend more of their time explaining to their
European and Asian partners how we are expected to believe in them
when their paymasters change their minds on major international
projects everytime a new US administration takes office (considering
the major impacts this has on the European and Asian (Japanese)
industry). It is also appreciated how this affects American
industry. I am of course talking about Space Stattion Freedom.
| 1 |
6,503 | This request goes out to medical students who have done
or are planning to sit the USMLE (or National Boards) Part 1.
My wife is sitting this examination in early June this year and would
like to have a look at some old National Boards, Part 1 questions
found in the following books. These books are currently out of print.
The books are:
(1) Retired NBME Basic Medical Science Test Items, NBME;
Published by NBME in 1991
(2) Self-test in the Part 1 Basic Medical Sciences, NBME;
Published by NBME in 1989
I would appreciate if anyone who has these books is willing
to loan it to her for a couple of days. Obviously, I would
reimburse for you all postage and related charges. Failing
that it would be beneficial if anyone could point to any
library in the NY, NJ or PA area that may have these books.
Please respond by e-mail since I do not read this newsgroup
regularly.
Thanks in advance.
Daniel
| 1 |
3,806 | [ideas that are claimed not to work deleted...]
How about putting your system inside a faraday cage? Even I could build
one...
/Jim
| 1 |
1,358 |
Sorry to split hairs, but I just read in "The making of the atomic
bomb"(*) that teflon was developed during world war 2. A sealant was
needed for the tubing in which uranium hexafluoride passed as it was
gradually enriched by difussion. UF6 is very corrosive, and some very
inert yet flexible material was needed for the seals.
Alejo Hausner ([email protected]) | 1 |
4,098 | What fraction of the NASA workforce is civil servant
as opposed to contractor and what are the rules on
reduction in work force for civil servants?
eg, if say the shuttle program is terminated, how
much is payroll reduced and how? | 1 |
1,416 |
I have to agree with Ward. The problem with your approach is they add
up what you can reasonably claim as 'spin-offs', add up what's been
spent on space, and then come back with something like, "You spent $X
billion for that? Wouldn't it be better just to spend the money on
direct research and forget all this space stuff? We could have got
all that stuff a *lot* cheaper that way. Space is wasteful and
inefficient."
Then they cancel your funding and spend it studying mating rituals of
New Guinea tribesmen or something.
--
"Insisting on perfect safety is for people who don't have the balls to live
in the real world." -- Mary Shafer, NASA Ames Dryden | 1 |
4,462 |
According to this reasoning there are no rights, at least none that I can think
of....
Let's see. Do I have a right to unpolluted air? No, because the majority
drive cars and use goods that create air pollution in the manufacturing process.
Do I have the right to clean water? I guess not, by the same reasoning.
I could go on with these examples for a long time....
Look at Nazi Germany. Because of the majority, Jews, homosexuals, blacks,
and others that were different had no rights. In fact they were terrorized,
imprisoned, and slaughtered. In this country did blacks have the right to be
free from slavery? I guess not, because the majority said that slavery was
good for them.
I think that a right has a moral imperative. If a law, imposed by the majority,
is immoral, one should not follow it. In fact, one should do everything in
his/her power to stop it. Of course, that doesn't mean that I would lose all
common sense to break the law, just because I thought it was immoral. I pay
my Federal Income Tax even though I am morally opposed to the U.S. Government
taking my money and spending it on weapons of mass destruction and terrorism.
This is precisely the point I am trying to make. We should _persude_ people
by logic, pointing out that it is in their self-interest to let all have
equal rights in all aspects of life, including adequate housing, food, and
medical care. I just happen to think that for a full life the aesthetic of
beauty and joy is also necessary. That is why I consider an uncluttered
night sky a right.
Have you ever been out in the desert, away from local lights, and most people?
The sky is dark and transparent. The Milky Way is ablaze with more detail
than you thought possible. The beauty and wonder takes your breath away.
Now imagine you live in the worst ghetto, say in L.A. Due to light pollution
you have never seen a dark sky. You might in fact never, not in your whole
life, ever see the majesty of the night sky. Every where around you, you see
squalor, and through your life runs a thread of dispair. What is there to live
for?
I admit these two scenarios are extreme examples, but I have seen both.
I, for one, need dreams and hopes, and yes, beauty, as a reason for living.
That is why I consider an uncluttered night sky a right.
George | 1 |
4,315 | Hello,
Just one quick question:
My father has had a back problem for a long time and doctors
have diagnosed an operation is needed. Since he lives down in
Mexico, he wants to know if there is a hospital anywhere in
the United States particulary famous for this kind of surgery,
kind of like Houston has a reputation for excellent doctors
in eye surgery. Any additional info or pointers will be
appreciated a whole lot!...
Thanks in Advance. | 1 |
1,281 | I would like to know if their is any medical consensus
(or consensus within this group) regarding the ethics
of the following:
1: Prescription of placebo medications when the patient
did not specifically request any sort of treatment.
2: Selling a placebo medication for a profit.
3: Prescribing homeopathic remedies without advising
a patient of their "controversial nature".
4: Representing homeopathic remedies as "over the counter"
medications. | 1 |
6,810 |
I do not think they can use the eavesdropping as evidence at all. However,
using the info they gather while listening, they can go searching THE right
place and find good, strong evidence, which they can use in court.
Question : currently, it is easy to wire-tap, from the technical point of
view, at least. Anybody using the appropriate radio receiver can listen
to communications between a car-telephone and the ground station. The police
also, obviously. The clipper chip will make it much more difficult for the
non-authorized person to eavesdrop (note that I DO NOT write << impossible>> ).
The privacy will thus improve from the current situation. Poeple who REALLY
have something to hide already DO NOT use the phone to speak of these things.
If an illegal operation is really worth, one can afford having critical data
carried by a person rather than sending it electronically.
The clipper chip will not change this.
The problem is more politic. Foreign countries will never accept the clipper
chip is the access to the escrow cannot be directly granted to their own
police following their OWN law, not the US law. i.e. each country will have
its own escrow. How then will it be possible to monitor the international
traffic? or, will encrypted international traffic be possible ? or will there
be an international escrow, some kind of U.N. thing ?
Forbidding crypted communication is impractical: how is it possible to spot
a crypted communication in the thousands of megabytes of data which circulate
on the various existing networks. What about private networks ? And this will
be more and more impossible as the volume of electronic traffic will increrase
in the next years.
I think that the clipper chip can only be an interesting device to limit the
risk of , for instance, one's girlfriend's husband listening to his wife's
communications. It will bring no more as regards to security. Is it worth ?
I think so if its cost is limited, I think that many privacy invasions are done
not only by official services, but also by private entities. The clipper can
help reducing these. Provided we do not hope too much of it, it is not a real
danger and it can be helpful. | 1 |
5,838 |
Evil and good walk hand in hand. It is also important to note that
the good in the tools lies in the wielder of the tools.
I cannot accept this ridiculous leap in logic. Technology is neutral
to good or evil. When technology is used by "evil" men, it is called
evil technology. When it is used by "good" men, it is called good
technology. Really, it is just technology that allows action to be
realized more efficently and on a larger scale.
Try not to confused the development of technology with its use.
Certainly, "bright" people will be better at creating technology, but
even young children know how to program VCR machines. Are VCR
machines not extremely complex to create?
Adaptibility and flexibility is always better at enduring than the
stiff and stubborn. A young child is soft and supple; an old man is
stiff and inflexible. A dripping of water can cut through stone.
This has nothing to do with technology, rather technology just
allows us to magnify action.
I have no objection to this! :) | 1 |
1,662 |
Now, almost 100 years later, we have the right words for the problem here.
Phone calls are "virtual visits". Those experienced in virtual reality
would know from that title that phone calls need to have all the properties
of a walk in the park with your friend -- security from casual overhearing
and easy verification to see if anyone is listening secretively. As designed,
they fail at that.
..trouble is, telephones were invented a long time ago and people didn't
realize the danger or the concept of virtual reality back then.
| 1 |
5,453 |
celular phones...........
| 1 |
6,438 | You're confused. You are talking about KIRILIAN photography.
Bill is talking KRILLEAN photography.
| 1 |
5,714 | (sci.space readers can skip the first paragraph)
Yesterday, in response to Henry Spencer's question about the
temperature of a blackbody in interstellar space, I said "Dust grains
acts as blackbodies, and they're at 40-150 K." Well, I was dead
wrong. Our local interstellar dust expert, Bruce Draine, has
informed me that dust grains _aren't_ good radiators in the far IR,
which is why they are so warm; actually, the ambient radiation field
from distant stars can bring a true blackbody to only 3 or 4 Kelvin.
Sorry, Henry, and anyone else I misled. Obviously, time for me to
take another ISM class :-(
In other news, Alan Stern of the Southwest Research Institute gave
a talk on the Pluto-Charon binary system yesterday. He gave a brief
overview of the currently-accepted system parameters (volume ratio of
about 8:1, mass ratio about 15:1 or so, plus lots more...) and then
gave his thoughts on the formation of Pluto-Charon. His idea is
that there were lots and lots of small planetesimals in the outer
solar system, with masses distributed as a power law of some kind;
over time, the planetesimals accreted into larger bodies. Most got
scattered out of the solar system by close encounters with Jupiter
and Saturn, but many accreted into the gas giants, especially
Uranus and Neptune. A large planetesimal was captured by Neptune -
we call it Triton [captured how? Perhaps by a collision with a smaller,
already-existing Neptunian moon, perhaps by a very close passage through
Neptune's atmosphere - mondo aerobraking!].
He notes that the two recently discovered "Kuiper Belt" objects,
1992 QB1 and 1993 FW, plus Chiron and Pholus, are all about the same
mass, and he identifies this group as one-accretion-down from the
larger bodies of Triton and Pluto/Charon. Pluto/Charon, he thinks,
formed when an impacting body hit proto-Pluto, knocking some material
into a ring around Pluto which later accreted in Charon; similar to
ideas about the formation of Earth's moon. There is good evidence
from spectra that the surfaces of Pluto and Charon are very different
(Pluto has methane frost, Charon doesn't), which can be used as evidence
for the impact theory.
He believes that there may be around 1000 Pluto-to-Chiron-sized objects
remaining in a relatively stable dynamical zone just outside Neptune's
orbit, beyond 35 AU or so. 1992 QB1 and 1993 FW are the first members
of this population to be found, in his model. Note that such bodies
will be very dark, since if their surfaces are covered with methane
frost, it will have photolyzed into very dark, long-chain hydrocarbons
by now. The reason that Pluto has such a high albedo (around 0.5, I think)
is that its surface warms up JUST enough around perihelion to sublimate,
and when the atmosphere freezes out again, thirty years later, it forms
bright, new frost. So any bodies much farther away than 30 AU are going
to be very hard to see.
I hope I haven't made any errors in the transcription; if you see
a howling mistake, it's undoubtedly mine, not his.
By the way, he's one of the top guns behind the Pluto Fast Flyby
mission (I think), and said that the current plans are to use a
Titan 4 to send the probe on "just about a rectilinear trajectory"
to Pluto (we were speaking loosely at the time...). He'd like
to use a Proton, which gives a slightly smaller velocity but costs
MUCH less. His figures: $500 Million for 2 Titan 4 launches (there
will be two separate probes, launched separately), or $120 Million
for 2 Proton launches. He told a story about how the Soviets originally
offered to sell Proton launches for $30 Million each, but were forced
to increase their prices in the US in order to be allowed in the
marketplace.
I'm just telling you what he said.
Michael
| 1 |
7,001 | How is it that placebos are legal? It would seem to me that if, as a patient,
you purchase a drug you've been prescribed and it's just sugar (or whatever),
there's a few legal complications that arise:
1.
If you have been diagnosed with a condition and you aren't given accepted
treatment for it, it seems like intentional medical malpractice.
2.
A placebo should fall, legally, under the label of quackery (why not?)
3.
Getting what you pay for. (Deceptive "bait and switch" to an extreme...). False
advertising (what if McDonalds didn't put 100% pure beef in their hamburgers?)
So I'm mystified. Are these assumptions erred? If they aren't, why the
hell can a doctor knowingly or unknowingly prescribe a placebo? | 1 |
1,633 |
Well, I think you might want to visit a doctor who is familiar with
sleep disturbances, because antihistamines only help induce sleep when
they're used intermittently; they lose their sedative effect if they're
used on a nightly basis. Their anticholinergic effects (drying of secretions,
relaxing effects on smooth muscle) can be problematic in some people, such as
those with glaucoma or prostate enlargement.
Antihistamines like diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or doxylamine (Unisom)
are potent sedatives which are useful occasionally. Chlorpheniramine
(Chlor-Trimeton) is said to be less sedative, but 8mg seems to work
well in some people. Both chlorpheniramine and doxylamine have long
half-lives compared to diphenhydramine, and so may produce a residual
hangover or "drugged" feeling the next morning.
| 1 |
6,276 | 1 |
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4,860 |
I assume that can only be guessed at by the assumed energy of the
event and the 1/r^2 law. So, if the 1/r^2 law is incorrect (assume
some unknown material [dark matter??] inhibits Gamma Ray propagation),
could it be possible that we are actually seeing much less energetic
events happening much closer to us? The even distribution could
be caused by the characteristic propagation distance of gamma rays
being shorter then 1/2 the thickness of the disk of the galaxy. | 1 |
717 |
Though I think this an overstatement, it does contain a grain of truth. It's
drug dealers, spies, terrorists, and organized crime figures (assuming
enough probable cause to convince a judge) who need to be watched, not
law-abiding citizens.
David | 1 |
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