docid
stringlengths 25
45
| url
stringlengths 14
987
| title
stringlengths 0
45k
| headings
stringlengths 1
259k
| segment
stringlengths 2
10k
| start_char
int64 0
9.96k
| end_char
int64 2
10k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3483463#13_4340083 | http://11eyes.wikia.com/wiki/Verard | Verard | 11eyes Wiki | Fandom | Verard
Verard
Appearance
Personality
Biography
Plot
Alternate World
Buried Dream
Million Year Summer
Wish You Were Here
Another Holy War
Spread Your Fire
Red Night
Other media
Anime
Powers&Abilities
Equipment
Other abilities
Gallery
Relationships
Trivia
| Lisette was puzzled, but Verard simply said that she did not have to become a warrior. Then she gave him some rosemary, saying it was a good luck charm. Verard refused the flowers and asked why she wanted to give them to him. Lisette was not albe to answer, but Verard had already knew why. He said that he would protect her dream. Verard stood up and embraced her, saying that he liked the night, but the past two nights were too lonely. Then he bid Lisette goodbye and walked away to find somewhere that he could observe the war. That night, he used the Eye of Aeon to summon his old horse. Another Holy War
Dawn came, the crusaders finally surrounded Béziers. From afar, Verard watched as Peire mobilizing his men to fend off the crusaders. | 6,985 | 7,728 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3483463#14_4341316 | http://11eyes.wikia.com/wiki/Verard | Verard | 11eyes Wiki | Fandom | Verard
Verard
Appearance
Personality
Biography
Plot
Alternate World
Buried Dream
Million Year Summer
Wish You Were Here
Another Holy War
Spread Your Fire
Red Night
Other media
Anime
Powers&Abilities
Equipment
Other abilities
Gallery
Relationships
Trivia
| Verard stood up and embraced her, saying that he liked the night, but the past two nights were too lonely. Then he bid Lisette goodbye and walked away to find somewhere that he could observe the war. That night, he used the Eye of Aeon to summon his old horse. Another Holy War
Dawn came, the crusaders finally surrounded Béziers. From afar, Verard watched as Peire mobilizing his men to fend off the crusaders. As he had expected, Peire's soldiers were too incapable to put up a good fight, less executing Peire's strategy. On his horse, Verard broke through the chaos at the town's front gate, then single-handedly killed all the crusaders surrounding Béziers with a sword. The last crusader fell before Verard's blade when the sun rose. Peire, who had been watching the massacre, asked if he needed backup, to which Verard declined; then he asked who he (Verard) was. | 7,317 | 8,187 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3483463#15_4342681 | http://11eyes.wikia.com/wiki/Verard | Verard | 11eyes Wiki | Fandom | Verard
Verard
Appearance
Personality
Biography
Plot
Alternate World
Buried Dream
Million Year Summer
Wish You Were Here
Another Holy War
Spread Your Fire
Red Night
Other media
Anime
Powers&Abilities
Equipment
Other abilities
Gallery
Relationships
Trivia
| As he had expected, Peire's soldiers were too incapable to put up a good fight, less executing Peire's strategy. On his horse, Verard broke through the chaos at the town's front gate, then single-handedly killed all the crusaders surrounding Béziers with a sword. The last crusader fell before Verard's blade when the sun rose. Peire, who had been watching the massacre, asked if he needed backup, to which Verard declined; then he asked who he (Verard) was. Verard replied that he was a demon king and rode off to the enemy's main force. The knight king
Verard encountered the crusade's main force when they were closing in on the convoy, which was carrying the town's people. He continued slashing his enemies with his own sword, not allowing them to even scratch him. However, he realized that one man was not enough to go against 10,000 crusaders, and chances of him being killed were not impossible. Verard decided to borrow the power of his right eye again, to summon heroes from the past. | 7,729 | 8,724 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3483463#16_4344166 | http://11eyes.wikia.com/wiki/Verard | Verard | 11eyes Wiki | Fandom | Verard
Verard
Appearance
Personality
Biography
Plot
Alternate World
Buried Dream
Million Year Summer
Wish You Were Here
Another Holy War
Spread Your Fire
Red Night
Other media
Anime
Powers&Abilities
Equipment
Other abilities
Gallery
Relationships
Trivia
| Verard replied that he was a demon king and rode off to the enemy's main force. The knight king
Verard encountered the crusade's main force when they were closing in on the convoy, which was carrying the town's people. He continued slashing his enemies with his own sword, not allowing them to even scratch him. However, he realized that one man was not enough to go against 10,000 crusaders, and chances of him being killed were not impossible. Verard decided to borrow the power of his right eye again, to summon heroes from the past. First, he summoned Teukros, who used his unrivaled spear-throwing skill to skewer the enemy from afar. Next, he summoned the legendary Persian conqueror, Cyrus, who massacred the crusaders in close quarter combat. Followed was the gigantic Viking Rollo, who crushed the enemy with brute strength. Finally, he summoned Solomon the master of summoning magic, who in turn summoned three mythical beasts to rip the crusaders apart, literally. With three historical figures at his disposal, Verard massacred the entire 90,000 crusaders, leaving no survivor. | 8,188 | 9,277 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3483463#17_4345740 | http://11eyes.wikia.com/wiki/Verard | Verard | 11eyes Wiki | Fandom | Verard
Verard
Appearance
Personality
Biography
Plot
Alternate World
Buried Dream
Million Year Summer
Wish You Were Here
Another Holy War
Spread Your Fire
Red Night
Other media
Anime
Powers&Abilities
Equipment
Other abilities
Gallery
Relationships
Trivia
| First, he summoned Teukros, who used his unrivaled spear-throwing skill to skewer the enemy from afar. Next, he summoned the legendary Persian conqueror, Cyrus, who massacred the crusaders in close quarter combat. Followed was the gigantic Viking Rollo, who crushed the enemy with brute strength. Finally, he summoned Solomon the master of summoning magic, who in turn summoned three mythical beasts to rip the crusaders apart, literally. With three historical figures at his disposal, Verard massacred the entire 90,000 crusaders, leaving no survivor. Spread Your Fire
Lisette's feelings
Verard emerged victorious without a scratch, but he was fully aware that he had used up all his soul to feed the Eye of Aeon. He focused on one final wish: to see Lisette again. As if drawn by fate, Lisette came out of the forest and found Verard leaning unconscious on a rock, with his right eye bleeding. As she called, Verard opened his eyes. | 8,725 | 9,659 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3483463#18_4347160 | http://11eyes.wikia.com/wiki/Verard | Verard | 11eyes Wiki | Fandom | Verard
Verard
Appearance
Personality
Biography
Plot
Alternate World
Buried Dream
Million Year Summer
Wish You Were Here
Another Holy War
Spread Your Fire
Red Night
Other media
Anime
Powers&Abilities
Equipment
Other abilities
Gallery
Relationships
Trivia
| Spread Your Fire
Lisette's feelings
Verard emerged victorious without a scratch, but he was fully aware that he had used up all his soul to feed the Eye of Aeon. He focused on one final wish: to see Lisette again. As if drawn by fate, Lisette came out of the forest and found Verard leaning unconscious on a rock, with his right eye bleeding. As she called, Verard opened his eyes. Lisette then gave him the rosemary, finally able to confess her true feelings for him, which she wanted him to reply by telling her his name. Verard told Lisette his name, and before she was able to say anything else, he was transferred back to his own time. As soon as Verard returned to the year 1464, he was cut down by the enemy. Lying | 9,277 | 9,999 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#0_4348367 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens
Donate
Contact me
About me
What for
Log in / Sign up
Username: * Password: * Request new password
Inspire project
view all inspire cards
about the inspire project
What you can do
create content
Navigation
all-time popular content
Donations
Download counter
Recent posts
Most popular stuff
Title
Hits
Theming the register form in Drupal 6
607969
True or false in php
405787
Theming the contact form in Drupal 6
242420
File download in Drupal
209742
[ more popular titles]
Home > Blogs > My blog
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? Friday, 5 Dec 2008 — Caroline Schnapp
For at least 3 days now, the currency exchange rate used by Paypal to convert American money to CAD dollars has been stuck to 1.20588. All through the recent Canadian dollar plunge, the rate has not changed. Locking an exchange rate like so is fraud. The problem has been reported to Paypal. As a result, their rate is still locked, as of now, 9h27pm, Easter time, Friday. The actual average currency exchange rate is now 1.271 — see the screen capture below. | 0 | 1,070 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#1_4350265 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| All through the recent Canadian dollar plunge, the rate has not changed. Locking an exchange rate like so is fraud. The problem has been reported to Paypal. As a result, their rate is still locked, as of now, 9h27pm, Easter time, Friday. The actual average currency exchange rate is now 1.271 — see the screen capture below. That rate is the medium rate between selling and buying rates. The difference between that average rate and Paypal's rate should be 2.5%. It's part of Paypal's policy, they keep that, and that's cool. Their rate is usually updated at least twice a day. At least. | 746 | 1,333 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#2_4351646 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| That rate is the medium rate between selling and buying rates. The difference between that average rate and Paypal's rate should be 2.5%. It's part of Paypal's policy, they keep that, and that's cool. Their rate is usually updated at least twice a day. At least. The difference now is 7% — instead of 2.5%. The dollar was even weaker yesterday. This is really helping American sellers who are cashing in money made from selling to Canadians — and totally screwing Canadian sellers in the process, those who are depositing money made from selling to their American neighbors. It's more than unfair, it's fraud. I certainly hope there will be a class action suit. | 1,071 | 1,732 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#3_4353107 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| The difference now is 7% — instead of 2.5%. The dollar was even weaker yesterday. This is really helping American sellers who are cashing in money made from selling to Canadians — and totally screwing Canadian sellers in the process, those who are depositing money made from selling to their American neighbors. It's more than unfair, it's fraud. I certainly hope there will be a class action suit. You can follow the discussion on Ebay here and here. Last edited by Caroline Schnapp about 12 years ago. currency | dollar | Paypal
Caroline Schnapp's blog | Login to post comments | 28620 reads
Comments
Sat, 2008-12-06 14:13 — Caroline Schnapp
Be very careful with Paypal these days
There was an error with their system this morning, and it took me an hour to fight it out over the phone, with their customer support service. I went through an 'exchange' transaction at a Paypal exchange rate of 1.23928. I have the screen capture to 'prove' this (although, of course, I could have easily manufactured it, but I did not), and ended up having deposited into my account a lower amount, an amount calculated with the old, locked, rate of 1.20588. | 1,334 | 2,477 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#4_4355060 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| You can follow the discussion on Ebay here and here. Last edited by Caroline Schnapp about 12 years ago. currency | dollar | Paypal
Caroline Schnapp's blog | Login to post comments | 28620 reads
Comments
Sat, 2008-12-06 14:13 — Caroline Schnapp
Be very careful with Paypal these days
There was an error with their system this morning, and it took me an hour to fight it out over the phone, with their customer support service. I went through an 'exchange' transaction at a Paypal exchange rate of 1.23928. I have the screen capture to 'prove' this (although, of course, I could have easily manufactured it, but I did not), and ended up having deposited into my account a lower amount, an amount calculated with the old, locked, rate of 1.20588. The difference was significant for me. On the phone, I spoke to 3 different people in turn, was put on hold and waited a lot. I was told that the numbers they give you do not include the 'spread', that even the amount that is confirmed on the last screen, the amount you 'ok' by pressing 'Exchange currency' — or cancel, is not including the spread. Of course, that's wrong. That would be insane anyway: | 1,732 | 2,881 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#5_4357013 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| The difference was significant for me. On the phone, I spoke to 3 different people in turn, was put on hold and waited a lot. I was told that the numbers they give you do not include the 'spread', that even the amount that is confirmed on the last screen, the amount you 'ok' by pressing 'Exchange currency' — or cancel, is not including the spread. Of course, that's wrong. That would be insane anyway: imagine that you go through a transaction and you do not even know what you're gonna get until it is finalized and you can't go back. After much insistence, I got the rep to speak to a difference source (higher? I do not know), and indeed I was right, and indeed there was a bug, a system error, and I will get credited for the difference in the next 3-5 days. Login to post comments
Sun, 2008-12-07 00:51 — wow goud (not verified)
Paypal Exchange Rates
Bugs or not, Paypal's exchange rates have always been the subject of discrimination. While converting USD <=> CAD in either direction, you always end up at a loss. | 2,478 | 3,499 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#6_4358837 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| imagine that you go through a transaction and you do not even know what you're gonna get until it is finalized and you can't go back. After much insistence, I got the rep to speak to a difference source (higher? I do not know), and indeed I was right, and indeed there was a bug, a system error, and I will get credited for the difference in the next 3-5 days. Login to post comments
Sun, 2008-12-07 00:51 — wow goud (not verified)
Paypal Exchange Rates
Bugs or not, Paypal's exchange rates have always been the subject of discrimination. While converting USD <=> CAD in either direction, you always end up at a loss. I've been wondering if a Paypal debit card would be a solution? In that case you could withdraw funds from your USD Paypal account, and have your very own bank in your home country handle the exhange back to CAD, instead of Paypal's horrible process. It's nice to read that more people are catching up on this. Login to post comments
Sat, 2009-08-15 14:32 — I hate paypal (not verified)
I hate how paypal inflates
I hate how paypal inflates the ecxhange rate to suit there own greedy needs. I have bought many items from ebay, when I go to pay I am out of pocket by at least 2.5%. | 2,882 | 4,080 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#7_4360841 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| I've been wondering if a Paypal debit card would be a solution? In that case you could withdraw funds from your USD Paypal account, and have your very own bank in your home country handle the exhange back to CAD, instead of Paypal's horrible process. It's nice to read that more people are catching up on this. Login to post comments
Sat, 2009-08-15 14:32 — I hate paypal (not verified)
I hate how paypal inflates
I hate how paypal inflates the ecxhange rate to suit there own greedy needs. I have bought many items from ebay, when I go to pay I am out of pocket by at least 2.5%. there exchange rate is at least 2.5% higher than the going exchange rate. They do it all the Fucking time to all of us. They are the crooks. When I called them to complain they were so fucking rude to me. I just refuse
to use paypal again. | 3,500 | 4,320 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#8_4362460 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| there exchange rate is at least 2.5% higher than the going exchange rate. They do it all the Fucking time to all of us. They are the crooks. When I called them to complain they were so fucking rude to me. I just refuse
to use paypal again. They should be stopped, this is stealing!!!!!!! Login to post comments
Wed, 2011-09-21 23:37 — justme (not verified)
taken from their own site,
taken from their own site, Sept. 21/11 at 9:32pm pst
PayPal exchange rate: 1 USD = 0.974181 CAD
PayPal exchange rate: 1 CAD = 0.974230 USD
How the hell can both currencies be below $1.00?? They're telling me a $390USD purchase is now $397CAD.. when their own damn site says it's $380CAD!! | 4,081 | 4,753 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#9_4363934 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| They should be stopped, this is stealing!!!!!!! Login to post comments
Wed, 2011-09-21 23:37 — justme (not verified)
taken from their own site,
taken from their own site, Sept. 21/11 at 9:32pm pst
PayPal exchange rate: 1 USD = 0.974181 CAD
PayPal exchange rate: 1 CAD = 0.974230 USD
How the hell can both currencies be below $1.00?? They're telling me a $390USD purchase is now $397CAD.. when their own damn site says it's $380CAD!! Scammers everywhere! Login to post comments
Wed, 2011-11-30 08:13 — nonsense (not verified)
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Last week I bought some goods out of Japan on E-bay and paid via paypal thinking that I would just pay as if I used my bank card in a foreign country and get my bank's exchange rate (which is reasonable). My Euros were exchanged at 1.28US to Euros when the current bank exchange rate is 1.34US. This is in addition to the paypal fees - In addition to this the money is exchanged in a similar fashion with the end vendor getting a bad rate on their local money exchanged from US dollars. I will be using paypal as little as possible in the future - I never looked at Paypal as a bank but as a security system for internet for which I paid security fees. | 4,321 | 5,552 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#10_4365974 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| Scammers everywhere! Login to post comments
Wed, 2011-11-30 08:13 — nonsense (not verified)
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Last week I bought some goods out of Japan on E-bay and paid via paypal thinking that I would just pay as if I used my bank card in a foreign country and get my bank's exchange rate (which is reasonable). My Euros were exchanged at 1.28US to Euros when the current bank exchange rate is 1.34US. This is in addition to the paypal fees - In addition to this the money is exchanged in a similar fashion with the end vendor getting a bad rate on their local money exchanged from US dollars. I will be using paypal as little as possible in the future - I never looked at Paypal as a bank but as a security system for internet for which I paid security fees. Since they are a bank - they should be treated as such - here in Europe the exchange rates practiced by a bank to consumers are controlled - they would be forced to exchange in line with all other banks. I do not understand how they are escaping from these practices. Login to post comments
Wed, 2012-10-24 05:26 — dainelchristianw (not verified)
Working on the given topic
Working on the given topic is really a difficult task but your this tutorial made it easy for me to handle it without any problem. If anyone seeking information then this blog is the best place for him as it has quality content for your required information. Thanks for sharing. | 4,753 | 6,205 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#11_4368232 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| Since they are a bank - they should be treated as such - here in Europe the exchange rates practiced by a bank to consumers are controlled - they would be forced to exchange in line with all other banks. I do not understand how they are escaping from these practices. Login to post comments
Wed, 2012-10-24 05:26 — dainelchristianw (not verified)
Working on the given topic
Working on the given topic is really a difficult task but your this tutorial made it easy for me to handle it without any problem. If anyone seeking information then this blog is the best place for him as it has quality content for your required information. Thanks for sharing. Share It
Login to post comments
Mon, 2011-12-05 08:59 — Fly by night (not verified)
Ripped off? With all these recent occupy protests, and people claiming to be waking up to the crap the common person has to deal with financially on a day to day basis, it's amazing people still continue to use and support something like Paypal. Paypal is a perfect example of a direct tool used to financially oppress people. Though it may not be governmentally run, it is still a single, clear, entity and it is run by the 1% who the 99% are protesting against. Paypal is not technically a bank (as far as the United States is concerned), and so does not have to function within any guidelines or laws set to govern banks. | 5,553 | 6,914 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#12_4370400 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| Share It
Login to post comments
Mon, 2011-12-05 08:59 — Fly by night (not verified)
Ripped off? With all these recent occupy protests, and people claiming to be waking up to the crap the common person has to deal with financially on a day to day basis, it's amazing people still continue to use and support something like Paypal. Paypal is a perfect example of a direct tool used to financially oppress people. Though it may not be governmentally run, it is still a single, clear, entity and it is run by the 1% who the 99% are protesting against. Paypal is not technically a bank (as far as the United States is concerned), and so does not have to function within any guidelines or laws set to govern banks. They do act like a bank, offering debit cards, collecting interest, charging fees for transactions, and converting money to different currencies. Unfortunately, there is no alternative. There are a few other on-line holding services for money, but nothing nearly so widespread and accepted as paypal. One interesting thing to remember, when you create your Paypal account and agree to the terms of service, you are agreeing to transfer your money from your ownership over to paypal. You are giving them the rights to your money, and trusting that they might give it back, if they feel like it. ( | 6,205 | 7,510 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#13_4372503 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| They do act like a bank, offering debit cards, collecting interest, charging fees for transactions, and converting money to different currencies. Unfortunately, there is no alternative. There are a few other on-line holding services for money, but nothing nearly so widespread and accepted as paypal. One interesting thing to remember, when you create your Paypal account and agree to the terms of service, you are agreeing to transfer your money from your ownership over to paypal. You are giving them the rights to your money, and trusting that they might give it back, if they feel like it. ( Naturally they don't regularly steal from people, but there are many horror stories of very high balance accounts being locked for unreasonable lengths of time, with paypal unwilling to payout. ( These you can google yourself, I don't want to link directly to these sites)). Links to sources of info for your reading pleasure: http://news.cnet.com/2100-1017-858264.html
http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jun2007/tc20070614_606853...
http://www.finextra.com/news/fullstory.aspx?newsitemid=23224
http://money.cnn.com/2008/02/26/smbusiness/paypal_float.fsb/
Login to post comments
Thu, 2012-05-10 17:39 — Fly by night (not verified)
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Check https://www.coineta.com
It lets people to exchange Canadian and US dollars in PayPal without fees
Login to post comments
Mon, 2012-06-04 06:21 — gtaaromi (not verified)
Meta content use! We are part of every single bit of it I liked. | 6,914 | 8,426 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#14_4374828 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| Naturally they don't regularly steal from people, but there are many horror stories of very high balance accounts being locked for unreasonable lengths of time, with paypal unwilling to payout. ( These you can google yourself, I don't want to link directly to these sites)). Links to sources of info for your reading pleasure: http://news.cnet.com/2100-1017-858264.html
http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jun2007/tc20070614_606853...
http://www.finextra.com/news/fullstory.aspx?newsitemid=23224
http://money.cnn.com/2008/02/26/smbusiness/paypal_float.fsb/
Login to post comments
Thu, 2012-05-10 17:39 — Fly by night (not verified)
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Check https://www.coineta.com
It lets people to exchange Canadian and US dollars in PayPal without fees
Login to post comments
Mon, 2012-06-04 06:21 — gtaaromi (not verified)
Meta content use! We are part of every single bit of it I liked. I often try to find this is useful information. Honeymoon Destinations in india | Top 10 Honeymoon Destinations in India
Login to post comments
Sat, 2012-07-14 12:34 — Fly by night (not verified)
I have always seen paypals
I have always seen paypals exchange rate as backwards. I sell stuff is USD and have to convert it to CAD and even though the Canadian dollar is less the the US (1USD=.988863CAD current paypal exchange rate). So I should be getting more CAD but I'm actually getting less. The only time I come out on top is when the CAD is more the USD (example 1USD=1.111111CAD) when in reality I should be losing money then. | 7,510 | 9,058 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#15_4377198 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| I often try to find this is useful information. Honeymoon Destinations in india | Top 10 Honeymoon Destinations in India
Login to post comments
Sat, 2012-07-14 12:34 — Fly by night (not verified)
I have always seen paypals
I have always seen paypals exchange rate as backwards. I sell stuff is USD and have to convert it to CAD and even though the Canadian dollar is less the the US (1USD=.988863CAD current paypal exchange rate). So I should be getting more CAD but I'm actually getting less. The only time I come out on top is when the CAD is more the USD (example 1USD=1.111111CAD) when in reality I should be losing money then. Login to post comments
Mon, 2012-07-30 21:32 — Anon (not verified)
Visa is a bit better
Looking at my statements, Royal Bank Visa Gold is 2.5% of the highest (peak) exchange rate of the day. Foreign Currency Transactions: "We will bill you in Canadian currency. If you or your Authorized Users use a Credit Card
or your Account number outside Canada or charge amounts to your Account in a foreign
currency, we will convert the charges into Canadian dollars no later than the date we post
the transaction to your Account at our exchange rate which is 2.5% over a benchmark
rate set by the payment card network that is in effect and that we pay on the date of the
conversion." Paypal is much worse playing games to hose you, so I'm using my Visa...
Login to post comments
Tue, 2012-09-25 10:05 — markwright (not verified)
Paypal's conversion rates
Gosh, I WISH it was only a 2.5% loss with Paypal. | 8,427 | 9,954 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3499976#16_4379549 | http://11heavens.com/paypal-is-screwing-canadians | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off? | 11 heavens | Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Inspire project
What you can do
Navigation
Most popular stuff
Is Paypal ripping Canadians off?
Comments
Be very careful with Paypal these days
Paypal Exchange Rates
I hate how paypal inflates
taken from their own site,
Paypal scams all currencies not just Canadian dollars
Working on the given topic
Ripped off?
A site to exchange Paypal currency
Meta content use!
I have always seen paypals
Visa is a bit better
Paypal's conversion rates
I admire your efforts and
Tutorials
Latest talk on and by
| Login to post comments
Mon, 2012-07-30 21:32 — Anon (not verified)
Visa is a bit better
Looking at my statements, Royal Bank Visa Gold is 2.5% of the highest (peak) exchange rate of the day. Foreign Currency Transactions: "We will bill you in Canadian currency. If you or your Authorized Users use a Credit Card
or your Account number outside Canada or charge amounts to your Account in a foreign
currency, we will convert the charges into Canadian dollars no later than the date we post
the transaction to your Account at our exchange rate which is 2.5% over a benchmark
rate set by the payment card network that is in effect and that we pay on the date of the
conversion." Paypal is much worse playing games to hose you, so I'm using my Visa...
Login to post comments
Tue, 2012-09-25 10:05 — markwright (not verified)
Paypal's conversion rates
Gosh, I WISH it was only a 2.5% loss with Paypal. I was planning on taking out US$888 to my Pay | 9,058 | 10,000 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3512514#0_4381306 | http://11il.com/best-lighting-indoor-cannabis-growing/ | pas cher moncler
moncler outlet sale
pas cher moncler outlet
pas cher moncler
moncler outlet sale
pas cher moncler outlet
cheap canada goose
canada goose outlet
cheap canada goose jacket
pas cher canada goose
pas cher canada goose outlet
pas cher canada goose jacket
cheap nhl jersey
wholesale nhl jersey
discount nhl jersey
Best Lighting for Indoor Cannabis Growing
The best lighting for indoor cannabis growing is changing, with new technologies and new insights into marijuana growth. We review a range of grow lights. Skip to content
Cannabis Seed Eporium
Cannabis Seeds On-line Emporium
About
Terms and Conditions
Privacy Policy
Disclaimer
Contact Us
Medicinal Marijuana
Free Seeds
Best lighting for indoor cannabis growing
Leave a comment
Grow lights for indoor marijuana growing have been changing lately due to technological developments in lighting and due to discoveries of how different light spectrums are used by cannabis plants. Simply sticking a bright light over your plants for the duration of their grow and flowering cycles is longer seen as adequate. These days smart indoor marijuana growers will use different types of lights at different stages of the plants’ growth. We’ll look at these newer grow lights for indoor marijuana in a minute. But to start, let’s take a look at the old standby lights that still many growers use – perhaps because its easier to use what you know than to contemplate change. Though if you already know you want LEDs, scroll down a bit for information about these. HIDs (High Intensity Discharge Lamps)
Most indoor marijuana growing gardens used to use High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps. The two types most commonly used were Metal Halide (MH) which produce an abundance of light in the blue spectrum promoting plant growth. | 0 | 1,778 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3512514#1_4383330 | http://11il.com/best-lighting-indoor-cannabis-growing/ | We’ll look at these newer grow lights for indoor marijuana in a minute. But to start, let’s take a look at the old standby lights that still many growers use – perhaps because its easier to use what you know than to contemplate change. Though if you already know you want LEDs, scroll down a bit for information about these. HIDs (High Intensity Discharge Lamps)
Most indoor marijuana growing gardens used to use High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps. The two types most commonly used were Metal Halide (MH) which produce an abundance of light in the blue spectrum promoting plant growth. The other kind are High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps which emit an orange-red glow triggering hormones in plants to increase flowering/budding. The problem with HID lights is that they consume a lot of electricity for output, produce high operating temperatures, and produce a wider spectrum of light – much of which is not needed or used by the plants. In other words, HID lights are expensive to run, inefficient and a potential fire hazard. That not to say that HID lights, if used properly won’t deliver great results. They most certainly will. | 1,190 | 2,326 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3512514#2_4384691 | http://11il.com/best-lighting-indoor-cannabis-growing/ | The other kind are High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps which emit an orange-red glow triggering hormones in plants to increase flowering/budding. The problem with HID lights is that they consume a lot of electricity for output, produce high operating temperatures, and produce a wider spectrum of light – much of which is not needed or used by the plants. In other words, HID lights are expensive to run, inefficient and a potential fire hazard. That not to say that HID lights, if used properly won’t deliver great results. They most certainly will. But when you figure in the factors of cost and safety, the newly developed fluorescent grow lights as well as the most recent kid on the block, LED lights, have clear advantages. Fluorescent lights (CFLs, Compact Fluorescent Lamps)
125w cfl
High powered fluorescent lights are now specifically produced for indoor gardening. They are available in 2 types – Blue 6400K that emit the wavelength of light needed for plant/vegetative growth, and Red 2700K that emits the right wavelength of light for flowering growth. To produce great crops of marijuana you’ll need both these minds of lights – more of the ‘blue’ wavelength for the first two months and then more ‘red’ when it comes to the flowering phase. Unlike HID lights, no light falls outside of the needed spectrums which results in less waste and better growth for less power consumption. | 1,778 | 3,171 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3512514#3_4386330 | http://11il.com/best-lighting-indoor-cannabis-growing/ | But when you figure in the factors of cost and safety, the newly developed fluorescent grow lights as well as the most recent kid on the block, LED lights, have clear advantages. Fluorescent lights (CFLs, Compact Fluorescent Lamps)
125w cfl
High powered fluorescent lights are now specifically produced for indoor gardening. They are available in 2 types – Blue 6400K that emit the wavelength of light needed for plant/vegetative growth, and Red 2700K that emits the right wavelength of light for flowering growth. To produce great crops of marijuana you’ll need both these minds of lights – more of the ‘blue’ wavelength for the first two months and then more ‘red’ when it comes to the flowering phase. Unlike HID lights, no light falls outside of the needed spectrums which results in less waste and better growth for less power consumption. With the development of CFL grow lights, HID lighting has been largely replaced. LED (Light Emitting Diode) lights
LED lights
The development of LED lights are increasingly being considered the best investment for indoor growing. This is partly because of their performance (in terms of versatility and efficiency) and also the huge saving in electricity running costs. They’re also cooler, so you’ll have no worries about overheating your precious plants. One of the main advantages of LED lights is the different colour spectra you can create with them. | 2,327 | 3,727 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3512514#4_4387979 | http://11il.com/best-lighting-indoor-cannabis-growing/ | With the development of CFL grow lights, HID lighting has been largely replaced. LED (Light Emitting Diode) lights
LED lights
The development of LED lights are increasingly being considered the best investment for indoor growing. This is partly because of their performance (in terms of versatility and efficiency) and also the huge saving in electricity running costs. They’re also cooler, so you’ll have no worries about overheating your precious plants. One of the main advantages of LED lights is the different colour spectra you can create with them. Since plants require different wavelengths (colours) of light at different stages of their growth, using good LED lights allows you to tailor the lighting to the growth stage of your plants in order to maximise your yield. Some LED lights allow very fine-grained adjustment of the colour spectrum. Others have a more standard ratio of red and blue wavelengths (e.g., about 3 to 1), one which is considered good for all round plant growth. Other advantages of LED grow lights
Other advantages of LED grow lights are the fact you’ll almost never have to replace a bulb since most of them last for 50,000 hours or more. This is roughly equivalent to having them on for 12 hours a day every day for ten years. | 3,171 | 4,433 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3512514#5_4389458 | http://11il.com/best-lighting-indoor-cannabis-growing/ | Since plants require different wavelengths (colours) of light at different stages of their growth, using good LED lights allows you to tailor the lighting to the growth stage of your plants in order to maximise your yield. Some LED lights allow very fine-grained adjustment of the colour spectrum. Others have a more standard ratio of red and blue wavelengths (e.g., about 3 to 1), one which is considered good for all round plant growth. Other advantages of LED grow lights
Other advantages of LED grow lights are the fact you’ll almost never have to replace a bulb since most of them last for 50,000 hours or more. This is roughly equivalent to having them on for 12 hours a day every day for ten years. So there’s a cost-saving right there. The other advantage, as mentioned above, is that LED lights give out much less heat than any other lighting. With good quality LED lighting, you can even dispense with ventilation and fans (again, more cost-saving). In summary, good LED lighting will save you a lot on running costs. And if you get the kind with an adjustable colour spectrum, you can really max out your yield. | 3,728 | 4,850 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3512514#6_4390791 | http://11il.com/best-lighting-indoor-cannabis-growing/ | So there’s a cost-saving right there. The other advantage, as mentioned above, is that LED lights give out much less heat than any other lighting. With good quality LED lighting, you can even dispense with ventilation and fans (again, more cost-saving). In summary, good LED lighting will save you a lot on running costs. And if you get the kind with an adjustable colour spectrum, you can really max out your yield. Thus getting bigger plants and greater yields for the same seeds and grow space. If you’re thinking of using LEDs, do a bit more research to find the best ones for you, bearing in mind that good quality LEDs are pretty pricey. On the other hand, they can give you the best results. For example, Kind LED lightshave now won several awards for their excellent efficiency and performance – more information on them below. So what is the best lighting for indoor cannabis growing? | 4,434 | 5,328 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3512514#7_4391905 | http://11il.com/best-lighting-indoor-cannabis-growing/ | Thus getting bigger plants and greater yields for the same seeds and grow space. If you’re thinking of using LEDs, do a bit more research to find the best ones for you, bearing in mind that good quality LEDs are pretty pricey. On the other hand, they can give you the best results. For example, Kind LED lightshave now won several awards for their excellent efficiency and performance – more information on them below. So what is the best lighting for indoor cannabis growing? If you have the money for the initial outlay, LED lights are generally the most efficient, the most effective, and the cheapest to run. However, LEDs are the most expensive to buy. So if you don’t have the grand or so it might cost you, CFL lights are the next best choice. They’re the next most efficient to run, in terms of performance, electricity costs and bulb replacements. You can also do a limited bit of colour/spectrum targeting by using red and blue spectrum CFLs. | 4,851 | 5,804 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3512514#8_4393083 | http://11il.com/best-lighting-indoor-cannabis-growing/ | If you have the money for the initial outlay, LED lights are generally the most efficient, the most effective, and the cheapest to run. However, LEDs are the most expensive to buy. So if you don’t have the grand or so it might cost you, CFL lights are the next best choice. They’re the next most efficient to run, in terms of performance, electricity costs and bulb replacements. You can also do a limited bit of colour/spectrum targeting by using red and blue spectrum CFLs. HID lights are the old standby for indoor growing gardens but due to the advancements in CFLs and LEDs, HIDs are now largely a thing of the past since the high power consumption, high heat generation and general inefficiency no longer makes them a viable option. Conclusion
In short, if you’re the experimental type who likes to be on the cutting edge of technology, LED lights are the top choice – especially if you’ve got some extra coin to invest. Otherwise you can’t go wrong with specially designed CFL grow lights. Power consumption and start-up costs are reasonable. Good performance is well documented. | 5,328 | 6,415 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3512514#9_4394400 | http://11il.com/best-lighting-indoor-cannabis-growing/ | HID lights are the old standby for indoor growing gardens but due to the advancements in CFLs and LEDs, HIDs are now largely a thing of the past since the high power consumption, high heat generation and general inefficiency no longer makes them a viable option. Conclusion
In short, if you’re the experimental type who likes to be on the cutting edge of technology, LED lights are the top choice – especially if you’ve got some extra coin to invest. Otherwise you can’t go wrong with specially designed CFL grow lights. Power consumption and start-up costs are reasonable. Good performance is well documented. Here are some links to top of the range award-winning LED lights, as well as a cheaper LED light, and some good quality CFL lights. Take your pick! Selection of CFL grow lights on amazon.co.uk (UK)
click on the image to see specs, prices and availability
125-300W CFL grow lights, around £20 each
Cheap LED grow light – amazon.com (worldwide delivery)
Lighthouse Hydro BlackStar Flowering LED Grow Light, 135-watt, $179.95
(recommended by some growers as a good one to start with if you want to do a very small grow under LED lighting)
Expensive but award-winning LED grow lights – Supercloset.com (worldwide delivery)
Kind LED lights, from $660 – $1895 (about £540 – £1550)
Fully adjustable 12-colour light spectrum, built-in timer, remote control (on some models)
Winner of High Times “Gear of the Year” awards several years running! (Click on the picture for more information and/or to order. Or click here to read our review: | 5,804 | 7,345 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3512514#10_4396215 | http://11il.com/best-lighting-indoor-cannabis-growing/ | Here are some links to top of the range award-winning LED lights, as well as a cheaper LED light, and some good quality CFL lights. Take your pick! Selection of CFL grow lights on amazon.co.uk (UK)
click on the image to see specs, prices and availability
125-300W CFL grow lights, around £20 each
Cheap LED grow light – amazon.com (worldwide delivery)
Lighthouse Hydro BlackStar Flowering LED Grow Light, 135-watt, $179.95
(recommended by some growers as a good one to start with if you want to do a very small grow under LED lighting)
Expensive but award-winning LED grow lights – Supercloset.com (worldwide delivery)
Kind LED lights, from $660 – $1895 (about £540 – £1550)
Fully adjustable 12-colour light spectrum, built-in timer, remote control (on some models)
Winner of High Times “Gear of the Year” awards several years running! (Click on the picture for more information and/or to order. Or click here to read our review: Best LED grow lights)
A few tips on using CFL grow lights
During the vegetative phase, the plants should be given 16 to 20 hours of light per 24 hours. ( This is usually the first two months, depending on the strain.) Some say you should grow your crop longer before inducing flowering as it results in a better more potent crop. But of course it depends to a degree on the strain. And opinions differ even among growers of the same strains. | 6,415 | 7,786 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3512514#11_4397843 | http://11il.com/best-lighting-indoor-cannabis-growing/ | Best LED grow lights)
A few tips on using CFL grow lights
During the vegetative phase, the plants should be given 16 to 20 hours of light per 24 hours. ( This is usually the first two months, depending on the strain.) Some say you should grow your crop longer before inducing flowering as it results in a better more potent crop. But of course it depends to a degree on the strain. And opinions differ even among growers of the same strains. The length of the periods of light should be reduced to no more that 12 hours every 24 hours when shifting to flowering period (which will usually last between 8 and 11 weeks depending on strain). The plants will continue to grow in the flowering phase and can easily double, or even triple in size. Using UVA and UVB lights for indoor cannabis growing
“The Dutchman” grower is experimenting with using UVA and UVB lights. He claims they are the best lighting for indoor cannabis growing if you want to increase the potency of your crop. For how to do this, watch the video here. | 7,346 | 8,366 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3512514#12_4399078 | http://11il.com/best-lighting-indoor-cannabis-growing/ | The length of the periods of light should be reduced to no more that 12 hours every 24 hours when shifting to flowering period (which will usually last between 8 and 11 weeks depending on strain). The plants will continue to grow in the flowering phase and can easily double, or even triple in size. Using UVA and UVB lights for indoor cannabis growing
“The Dutchman” grower is experimenting with using UVA and UVB lights. He claims they are the best lighting for indoor cannabis growing if you want to increase the potency of your crop. For how to do this, watch the video here. And to get the grow lights he recommends – 4 ft Zoo MedReptiSun 10.0 UVB/UVA Bulbs – click here: UVA-UVB lights by Zoo Med on amazon.com
UVA-UVB lights by Zoo Med on amazon.co.uk
Good luck with your grow! Leave a Reply Cancel reply
You must be logged into post a comment. Free Marijuana Seeds
Growing Elite Marijuana (Advanced)
Buy With Bitcoin & Get Up To 25% Off! Best Weed For Sex :)
Ramblings :)
Why I am offering free marijuana seeds
already subscribed
Seed Revolution
CBD and Spa Services – what’s the connection
First time smoking marijuana? | 7,786 | 8,916 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3512514#13_4400455 | http://11il.com/best-lighting-indoor-cannabis-growing/ | And to get the grow lights he recommends – 4 ft Zoo MedReptiSun 10.0 UVB/UVA Bulbs – click here: UVA-UVB lights by Zoo Med on amazon.com
UVA-UVB lights by Zoo Med on amazon.co.uk
Good luck with your grow! Leave a Reply Cancel reply
You must be logged into post a comment. Free Marijuana Seeds
Growing Elite Marijuana (Advanced)
Buy With Bitcoin & Get Up To 25% Off! Best Weed For Sex :)
Ramblings :)
Why I am offering free marijuana seeds
already subscribed
Seed Revolution
CBD and Spa Services – what’s the connection
First time smoking marijuana? 5 Strains to Treat Chronic Pain
9 Ways to Live a Healthier Lifestyle with Cannabis
Is cannabis good for skin health? Essential Cannabis Nutrients
Facts about medical marijuana that may surprise you
Amsterdam Marijuana Seeds
Girl Scout Cookies feminized seeds
Narco Feminized Seeds
Afghan seeds feminized
Lowryder auto-fem seeds
White Widow Auto-Fem seeds
White Widow seeds
Blue Dream Feminized Seeds
Durban Poison seeds
White Widow feminized seeds
Happy Haze Feminized Seeds
Powered by WordPressand Courage. pas cher moncler
moncler outlet sale
pas cher moncler outlet
pas cher moncler
moncler outlet sale
pas cher moncler outlet
cheap canada goose
canada goose outlet
cheap canada goose jacket
pas cher canada goose
pas cher canada goose outlet
pas cher canada goose jacket
cheap nhl jersey
wholesale nhl jersey
discount nhl jersey
This website uses essential cookies. You agree to allow cookies to be placed. No personal information is gathered or stored. | 8,366 | 9,874 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3512514#14_4402229 | http://11il.com/best-lighting-indoor-cannabis-growing/ | 5 Strains to Treat Chronic Pain
9 Ways to Live a Healthier Lifestyle with Cannabis
Is cannabis good for skin health? Essential Cannabis Nutrients
Facts about medical marijuana that may surprise you
Amsterdam Marijuana Seeds
Girl Scout Cookies feminized seeds
Narco Feminized Seeds
Afghan seeds feminized
Lowryder auto-fem seeds
White Widow Auto-Fem seeds
White Widow seeds
Blue Dream Feminized Seeds
Durban Poison seeds
White Widow feminized seeds
Happy Haze Feminized Seeds
Powered by WordPressand Courage. pas cher moncler
moncler outlet sale
pas cher moncler outlet
pas cher moncler
moncler outlet sale
pas cher moncler outlet
cheap canada goose
canada goose outlet
cheap canada goose jacket
pas cher canada goose
pas cher canada goose outlet
pas cher canada goose jacket
cheap nhl jersey
wholesale nhl jersey
discount nhl jersey
This website uses essential cookies. You agree to allow cookies to be placed. No personal information is gathered or stored. Your privacy is respected. See privacy policy. OKPrivacy policy | 8,916 | 9,938 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3522941#0_4403481 | http://11thcavnam.com/ | 1966
Welcome Home
1972
| 11th Armored Cavalry's Veterans of Vietnam & Cambodia
Together Then - Together Again
You may now find us on at 11thACVVC or Click Here
1966 Welcome Home 1972
EMAIL SCAM, AGAIN
Fellow Troopers, be advised that some of our members have been receiving emails asking for the recipient to send money, and/or checks, or buy gift cards and send images of the bar codes to the person making this fraudulent request. These emails are supposedly coming from me or other members of the 11th ACVVC. If you receive such an email, do not respond to it. Delete it. If you are still unsure of the request, call the “sender” and ask them if they sent the money request. This has happened many times in the past. The scammers get our names and email addresses from our website. We believe you should be able to reach us at any time and if at all possible, we will keep our contact info on the website
MEMORIAL DAY WREATH LAYING AT ‘THE WALL”
On Monday, May 31, 2021 we will resume our semiannual wreath laying at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, aka “the Wall”, located at 5 Henry Bacon Drive NW, Washington, D.C., 20037. We will gather at the statue of the Three Soldiers, approximately 35 yards south of the west end of the Wall. Please plan to arrive there between 10:00 and 10:30 AM. | 0 | 1,267 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3522941#1_4404976 | http://11thcavnam.com/ | 1966
Welcome Home
1972
| This has happened many times in the past. The scammers get our names and email addresses from our website. We believe you should be able to reach us at any time and if at all possible, we will keep our contact info on the website
MEMORIAL DAY WREATH LAYING AT ‘THE WALL”
On Monday, May 31, 2021 we will resume our semiannual wreath laying at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, aka “the Wall”, located at 5 Henry Bacon Drive NW, Washington, D.C., 20037. We will gather at the statue of the Three Soldiers, approximately 35 yards south of the west end of the Wall. Please plan to arrive there between 10:00 and 10:30 AM. We will chat informally, introduce ourselves and at ~11:00 AM, two of our Troopers will carry the famous and easily recognized Blackhorse wreath to the apex of the Wall. As of May 1, 2021,the National Park Service requires masks covering the nose and mouth, for anyone in this area. This may change by May 31, but please have a mask with you and wear it unless the Park Service tells you it is not required. Thank you. Pete Walter, President
11th ACVVC
Next Reunion August 23-30 2021, In Dallas, TX
Blackhorse
New 11th Armored Cavalry Memorial Web Site, Click Here
To Read this issue of Thunder Run Click Here
Current Events
National Vietnam War Veterans Day, March 29
Ronald Reagan gives a shout out to the Legendary 11th Cavalry Regiment
SP4 Leon Lester Woodruff, H Co. 2/11 ACR
SPUR CERTIFICATE
Veterans Day 2020 Really
Officers & About US
Messages
Fiddlers Green
Find An Old Friend
History
Quartermasters Store
Scholarship Information
Social Services Help
Membership
Change of Address
Reunion Information
Funeral Honor Guard, Please check daily
Members Bulletin Board
Members Forum
Visitor's Guest Book
Members Area
Pay By Mail in Check
Shop Securely online and pay by Credit Card
Click on Links Below
Join the 11ACVVC
Reunion Registration is Open
Quartermaster Store
Donate to The
Scholarship Fund
Donate to The 11thACVVC General Fund
Donate to The Trooper Assistance Fund
Click on Links Below
Join the 11ACVVC
Reunion Registration
Quartermaster Store
Donate to The
Scholarship Fund
Donate to The 11th ACVVC General Fund
Donate to The Trooper Assistance Fund
THIS IS THE ONLY OFFICIAL HOMEPAGE OF THE 11TH ARMORED CAVALRY'S VETERANS OF VIETNAM & CAMBODIA
The 11th Armored Cavalry's Veterans of Vietnam & Cambodia was founded in 1984 after 75 names of Blackhorse Troopers were collected in Washington DC at the dedication of the "Three Fighting Men" statue near the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. | 652 | 3,179 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3522941#2_4407781 | http://11thcavnam.com/ | 1966
Welcome Home
1972
| We will chat informally, introduce ourselves and at ~11:00 AM, two of our Troopers will carry the famous and easily recognized Blackhorse wreath to the apex of the Wall. As of May 1, 2021,the National Park Service requires masks covering the nose and mouth, for anyone in this area. This may change by May 31, but please have a mask with you and wear it unless the Park Service tells you it is not required. Thank you. Pete Walter, President
11th ACVVC
Next Reunion August 23-30 2021, In Dallas, TX
Blackhorse
New 11th Armored Cavalry Memorial Web Site, Click Here
To Read this issue of Thunder Run Click Here
Current Events
National Vietnam War Veterans Day, March 29
Ronald Reagan gives a shout out to the Legendary 11th Cavalry Regiment
SP4 Leon Lester Woodruff, H Co. 2/11 ACR
SPUR CERTIFICATE
Veterans Day 2020 Really
Officers & About US
Messages
Fiddlers Green
Find An Old Friend
History
Quartermasters Store
Scholarship Information
Social Services Help
Membership
Change of Address
Reunion Information
Funeral Honor Guard, Please check daily
Members Bulletin Board
Members Forum
Visitor's Guest Book
Members Area
Pay By Mail in Check
Shop Securely online and pay by Credit Card
Click on Links Below
Join the 11ACVVC
Reunion Registration is Open
Quartermaster Store
Donate to The
Scholarship Fund
Donate to The 11thACVVC General Fund
Donate to The Trooper Assistance Fund
Click on Links Below
Join the 11ACVVC
Reunion Registration
Quartermaster Store
Donate to The
Scholarship Fund
Donate to The 11th ACVVC General Fund
Donate to The Trooper Assistance Fund
THIS IS THE ONLY OFFICIAL HOMEPAGE OF THE 11TH ARMORED CAVALRY'S VETERANS OF VIETNAM & CAMBODIA
The 11th Armored Cavalry's Veterans of Vietnam & Cambodia was founded in 1984 after 75 names of Blackhorse Troopers were collected in Washington DC at the dedication of the "Three Fighting Men" statue near the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Reunions have been held every year since 1986. Reunion sites have been: Arlington, TX; Washington, DC; Louisville, KY; | 1,268 | 3,298 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3522941#3_4410069 | http://11thcavnam.com/ | 1966
Welcome Home
1972
| Reunions have been held every year since 1986. Reunion sites have been: Arlington, TX; Washington, DC; Louisville, KY; Minneapolis, MN; Sacramento, CA; Philadelphia, PA; San Antonio, TX; Indianapolis, IN; | 3,179 | 3,384 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3522941#4_4410467 | http://11thcavnam.com/ | 1966
Welcome Home
1972
| Minneapolis, MN; Sacramento, CA; Philadelphia, PA; San Antonio, TX; Indianapolis, IN; Colorado Springs, CO; Appleton, WI; Louisville, KY; Las Vegas, NV; New Orleans, LA; | 3,299 | 3,468 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3522941#5_4410830 | http://11thcavnam.com/ | 1966
Welcome Home
1972
| Colorado Springs, CO; Appleton, WI; Louisville, KY; Las Vegas, NV; New Orleans, LA; San Diego, CA; Buffalo, NY; Ft. Myers, VA; Nashville, TN; | 3,385 | 3,526 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3522941#6_4411165 | http://11thcavnam.com/ | 1966
Welcome Home
1972
| San Diego, CA; Buffalo, NY; Ft. Myers, VA; Nashville, TN; Eugene OR; Daytona FL; Colorado Springs, CO; Kansas City, MO; Louisville, KY; | 3,469 | 3,604 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3522941#7_4411494 | http://11thcavnam.com/ | 1966
Welcome Home
1972
| Eugene OR; Daytona FL; Colorado Springs, CO; Kansas City, MO; Louisville, KY; Chicago, IL; Santa Clara, CA; Washington, DC; and Saint Louis, MO.; Orlando, FL.; | 3,527 | 3,686 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3522941#8_4411847 | http://11thcavnam.com/ | 1966
Welcome Home
1972
| Chicago, IL; Santa Clara, CA; Washington, DC; and Saint Louis, MO.; Orlando, FL.; Indianapolis, IN.; Las Vegas, NV.; Columbus, GA.; San Antonio, TX; Orlando, FL.; | 3,605 | 3,767 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3522941#9_4412203 | http://11thcavnam.com/ | 1966
Welcome Home
1972
| Indianapolis, IN.; Las Vegas, NV.; Columbus, GA.; San Antonio, TX; Orlando, FL.; Grand Rapids, MI.; Las Vegas, NV.; Indianapolis, IN. The 2021 reunion will be held in Dallas, TX. and Birmingham, AL. | 3,687 | 3,885 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3522941#10_4412595 | http://11thcavnam.com/ | 1966
Welcome Home
1972
| Grand Rapids, MI.; Las Vegas, NV.; Indianapolis, IN. The 2021 reunion will be held in Dallas, TX. and Birmingham, AL. has been chosen for the 2022 reunion. We have been able to reunite many of our brothers by keeping a computer master file of everyone we've found by their name, squadron and troop and their dates in-country. We update our rosters continuously to assure they are accurate and complete. We have reunited many buddies this way. We publish a quarterly newsletter to each member of 11 ACVVC with reunion information, historical stories by our membership and information about our current members and events. | 3,768 | 4,388 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3522941#11_4413410 | http://11thcavnam.com/ | 1966
Welcome Home
1972
| has been chosen for the 2022 reunion. We have been able to reunite many of our brothers by keeping a computer master file of everyone we've found by their name, squadron and troop and their dates in-country. We update our rosters continuously to assure they are accurate and complete. We have reunited many buddies this way. We publish a quarterly newsletter to each member of 11 ACVVC with reunion information, historical stories by our membership and information about our current members and events. Participation in contributing to the contents of the newsletter is encouraged to all. We provide scholarships to our K.I.A.’s children and grandchildren as well as children and grandchildren of our membership. In the past years we have provided over $1,858,000.00 dollars in college scholarships! This program is one of our most coveted programs helping our children and grandchildren get an education and to become our leaders for the future of our country. We remember our killed in action who lost their lives in Vietnam and Cambodia each Memorial Day & Veterans Day by placing a wreath at The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C.
February 2, 2021 there will be a placing a wreath at The Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers in remembrance of the 120th Anniversary of the 11th US Cavalry. | 3,886 | 5,181 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3522941#12_4414906 | http://11thcavnam.com/ | 1966
Welcome Home
1972
| Participation in contributing to the contents of the newsletter is encouraged to all. We provide scholarships to our K.I.A.’s children and grandchildren as well as children and grandchildren of our membership. In the past years we have provided over $1,858,000.00 dollars in college scholarships! This program is one of our most coveted programs helping our children and grandchildren get an education and to become our leaders for the future of our country. We remember our killed in action who lost their lives in Vietnam and Cambodia each Memorial Day & Veterans Day by placing a wreath at The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C.
February 2, 2021 there will be a placing a wreath at The Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers in remembrance of the 120th Anniversary of the 11th US Cavalry. We continue to search for our brother veterans who served with us in Vietnam and Cambodia through special locators, mailings, handouts, and advertising in veteran newspapers and magazines. Our goal is to find ALL of our former troopers who served with us and to "Reunite The Regiment" again. We answered our Country's call and served proudly with the best combat unit to have fought in the Vietnam War. This page is here to serve you! We welcome your suggestions as to page content, look, style, or any comments you may have. | 4,389 | 5,707 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3522941#13_4416427 | http://11thcavnam.com/ | 1966
Welcome Home
1972
| We continue to search for our brother veterans who served with us in Vietnam and Cambodia through special locators, mailings, handouts, and advertising in veteran newspapers and magazines. Our goal is to find ALL of our former troopers who served with us and to "Reunite The Regiment" again. We answered our Country's call and served proudly with the best combat unit to have fought in the Vietnam War. This page is here to serve you! We welcome your suggestions as to page content, look, style, or any comments you may have. If you think we are missing something, tell us! Please Contact us HERE to provide your input. This page is constantly being updated to reflect new information as it becomes available and to make the page truly "your" page. It will always be improving (we hope!) and changing so please come back often. | 5,181 | 6,009 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3522941#14_4417453 | http://11thcavnam.com/ | 1966
Welcome Home
1972
| If you think we are missing something, tell us! Please Contact us HERE to provide your input. This page is constantly being updated to reflect new information as it becomes available and to make the page truly "your" page. It will always be improving (we hope!) and changing so please come back often. 11thACVVC National Headquarters
P.O. Box 956
Colleyville, TX 76034-0956
"War drew us from our homeland in the
sunlit springtime of our youth. Those who did not come back alive
remain in perpetual springtime -- forever young --
and a part of us is with them always." Author Unknown
WEBSITE STAFF
These Volunteers keep your Web Site SMOKIN' Click On Name To Meet Your Staff Members
Ecommerce/Internet Technology
Otis Carey's Photo
Information Technology/E-commerce
Paul Gruber
Web Manager
Bob Kickenweitz's Photo
Public Affairs Officer
Eric Newton's Photo
Historical Advisor to the Education Section
Jim Griffith's Photo
11thCavnam Welcoming Committee
Jack C. Stoddard's Photo
WEB HOSTING DONATED BY KYSALES
The 11thACVVC is a member of the
Visit or get Info on other sites in the ring now! [ Prev] [Skip it ] [ Next 5 ] [ Next] [List Sites ]
Chartrooms
This site is Donated By KySales.net Hosting Service | 5,708 | 6,916 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3530158#0_4418888 | http://11thcourt.co.trumbull.oh.us/ | Eleventh District Court of Appeals | Eleventh District Court of Appeals
Eleventh District Court of Appeals
**PLEASE SEE ANNOUNCEMENTS FOR ANY COVID-19 UPDATES**
| Eleventh District Court of Appeals
Eleventh District Court of Appeals
The Eleventh District Court of Appeals is one of twelve appellate districts in the state of Ohio. Our jurisdiction consists of Ashtabula, Geauga, Lake, Portage and Trumbull Counties. Article IV, section 3 of the Ohio Constitution provides the authority for this court to review appeals from Municipal and Common Pleas Courts as well as original actions in Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Procedendo and Quo Warranto. The Court consists of five judges who are all elected by popular vote, serving terms of six years. Each case on appeal is reviewed by a panel of three judges, one of whom is randomly assigned to write a decision after reviewing the record and the briefs filed in the case. The decision, once released, can be appealed further to the Ohio Supreme Court. **PLEASE SEE ANNOUNCEMENTS FOR ANY COVID-19 UPDATES**
For General Questions: Shibani Sheth-Massacci, Court Administrator
Eleventh District Court of Appeals
111 High Street, NE
Warren, OH 44481
(330) 675-6681
Main Phone Number: (330) 675-2650 | 0 | 1,087 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3531546#0_4420320 | http://11thcourt.co.trumbull.oh.us/ed_cannon.html | Eleventh District Court of Appeals | Judge Timothy P. Cannon
Judge Timothy P. Cannon | Eleventh District Court of Appeals
Judge Timothy P. Cannon
Judge Timothy P. Cannon was appointed to the Eleventh District Court of Appeals in 2007 and was subsequently elected to his first full term in 2008. He was reelected to his second term in 2014. He served as the Eleventh District’s Presiding and Administrative Judge from January 2011 to January 2016. Judge Cannon received his B.A. from John Carroll University in 1977 and his J.D. in 1980 from Cleveland State University, Cleveland-Marshall College of Law. Upon admission to the Ohio Bar in 1980 (and the Florida Bar in 1982), he became a partner at Cannon, Stern & Aveni Co., L.P.A., a position he retained until his appointment to the Eleventh District. Judge Cannon has been very active in his hometown of Painesville, Ohio, which is located in Lake County. He was a board member on Lake County’s Board of Education and Joint Vocational School District from 1980-1993, a member of Painesville Township’s Board of Zoning Appeals from 1980-1985, and a member of the township’s Zoning Commission from 1985-1990. He was also the Painesville City Assistant Law Director/Prosecutor from 1989-1992 and a Painesville Township Trustee from 1995-1997. Judge Cannon also served for many years as Legal Advisor to the Painesville Township Trustees and the Laketran Regional Transit Authority. He is a member of the Lake County Bar Association, of which he was a trustee from 2000-2003 and Chairman of the Litigation Committee from 2005-2007, and is a member of the Bar Associations in Ashtabula, Geauga, Portage, and Trumbull Counties. | 0 | 1,586 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3531546#1_4422200 | http://11thcourt.co.trumbull.oh.us/ed_cannon.html | Eleventh District Court of Appeals | Judge Timothy P. Cannon
Judge Timothy P. Cannon | Judge Cannon has been very active in his hometown of Painesville, Ohio, which is located in Lake County. He was a board member on Lake County’s Board of Education and Joint Vocational School District from 1980-1993, a member of Painesville Township’s Board of Zoning Appeals from 1980-1985, and a member of the township’s Zoning Commission from 1985-1990. He was also the Painesville City Assistant Law Director/Prosecutor from 1989-1992 and a Painesville Township Trustee from 1995-1997. Judge Cannon also served for many years as Legal Advisor to the Painesville Township Trustees and the Laketran Regional Transit Authority. He is a member of the Lake County Bar Association, of which he was a trustee from 2000-2003 and Chairman of the Litigation Committee from 2005-2007, and is a member of the Bar Associations in Ashtabula, Geauga, Portage, and Trumbull Counties. He has been a member of the Ohio State Bar Association since 1980. Prior to his appointment at the Eleventh District, Judge Cannon was admitted to practice in the United States District Court Northern District of Ohio in 1982 and the United States Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals in 1998. Judge Cannon was appointed by the late Chief Justice Moyer to the Commission on Certification of Attorneys as Specialists. He was appointed to serve as Chair of the newly formed Advisory Committee on Case Management by Chief Justice O’Connor in 2011. He chaired this committee through 2013. | 715 | 2,165 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3531546#2_4423943 | http://11thcourt.co.trumbull.oh.us/ed_cannon.html | Eleventh District Court of Appeals | Judge Timothy P. Cannon
Judge Timothy P. Cannon | He has been a member of the Ohio State Bar Association since 1980. Prior to his appointment at the Eleventh District, Judge Cannon was admitted to practice in the United States District Court Northern District of Ohio in 1982 and the United States Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals in 1998. Judge Cannon was appointed by the late Chief Justice Moyer to the Commission on Certification of Attorneys as Specialists. He was appointed to serve as Chair of the newly formed Advisory Committee on Case Management by Chief Justice O’Connor in 2011. He chaired this committee through 2013. In addition, Judge Cannon has lectured on numerous occasions at the new judge orientation for appellate judges. Judge Cannon has been designated by Chief Justice Moyer, former Chief Justice Brown, and Chief Justice O’Connor to sit by assignment on the Supreme Court of Ohio. Judge Cannon resides in Painesville, Ohio. | 1,587 | 2,483 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#0_4425124 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade
Swift - True
This site is dedicated to the men who served the 11th Light Infantry Brigade. The 11th LIB was formed as part of the US Army's 6th Division during WWI. Activated November of 1917 its elements at that time were the 51st Infantry Regiment, 52nd Infantry Regiment, 16th Machine-Gun Battalion and the 11th Field Artillery. The 11th LIB was deployed overseas from June of 1918 and returned to the United States in June of 1919. The 11th was deactivated September 30, 1921 at Camp Grant, IL. The 11th LIB was inactive through WWII after the US Army reorganized its Divisions of 2 brigades of 2 regiments into 3 regiments with no brigades. The 11th Light Infantry Brigade is best known for its service with the 23rd Infantry Division, AMERICAL Division during the Vietnam War from 1967 to 1971. The brigade was organized as a separate Infantry Brigade at Schofield Barracks in Hawaii. It was the first element of the 6th Infantry Division and was scheduled to be activated for deployment to Vietnam. This activation was cancelled by McNamra. | 0 | 1,087 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#1_4426520 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| The 11th LIB was inactive through WWII after the US Army reorganized its Divisions of 2 brigades of 2 regiments into 3 regiments with no brigades. The 11th Light Infantry Brigade is best known for its service with the 23rd Infantry Division, AMERICAL Division during the Vietnam War from 1967 to 1971. The brigade was organized as a separate Infantry Brigade at Schofield Barracks in Hawaii. It was the first element of the 6th Infantry Division and was scheduled to be activated for deployment to Vietnam. This activation was cancelled by McNamra. The 11th Light Infantry in early 1967, trained extensively in jungle operations in preparation for deployment to Vietnam. To stress realism in the Vietnam-oriented tactical training, the brigade conducted "live-fire' operations in the rugged, thickly-vegetated terrain of the Koolau Mountains on the island of Oahu. The 11th LIB was deployed during the Vietnam War and served the US Army's 23rd Infantry Division, The AMERICAL Division. The 3/1 (Always First), 1/20 (Sykes Regulars), 4/3 (The Old Guard) and 4/21 (The Gimlets) infantry Battalions collectively have more Battle streamers, more campaign ribbons, and more years of continuous service than any comparable collection of units in the United States military. The history of these units reads like the battle history of the United States. | 539 | 1,885 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#2_4428176 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| The 11th Light Infantry in early 1967, trained extensively in jungle operations in preparation for deployment to Vietnam. To stress realism in the Vietnam-oriented tactical training, the brigade conducted "live-fire' operations in the rugged, thickly-vegetated terrain of the Koolau Mountains on the island of Oahu. The 11th LIB was deployed during the Vietnam War and served the US Army's 23rd Infantry Division, The AMERICAL Division. The 3/1 (Always First), 1/20 (Sykes Regulars), 4/3 (The Old Guard) and 4/21 (The Gimlets) infantry Battalions collectively have more Battle streamers, more campaign ribbons, and more years of continuous service than any comparable collection of units in the United States military. The history of these units reads like the battle history of the United States. The Old Guard and Sykes Regulars fought side by side at Gettysburg. More than 100 years later these same storied maneuver Battalions unite as part of the 11th Brigade under the Southern Cross in beautiful Southeast Asia. However, they were not the only units that made up the 11th Light Infantry Brigade. E Troop 1st Cavalry, 6th Battalion 11th Artillery, 6th Support Battalion, 6th Engineer Company, 52nd Military Intelligence detachment, and HHC all were a major contributing factor that formed the 11th Light Infantry Brigade; not to mention the various units while not directly assigned to the 11th LIB were basically support for the 11th LIB. | 1,088 | 2,533 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#3_4429932 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| The Old Guard and Sykes Regulars fought side by side at Gettysburg. More than 100 years later these same storied maneuver Battalions unite as part of the 11th Brigade under the Southern Cross in beautiful Southeast Asia. However, they were not the only units that made up the 11th Light Infantry Brigade. E Troop 1st Cavalry, 6th Battalion 11th Artillery, 6th Support Battalion, 6th Engineer Company, 52nd Military Intelligence detachment, and HHC all were a major contributing factor that formed the 11th Light Infantry Brigade; not to mention the various units while not directly assigned to the 11th LIB were basically support for the 11th LIB. Task Force Oregon
Source: The Americal Newsletter July - August - September 1995
In February of 1967, General William C. Westmoreland, Commander of U.S. Forces in Vietnam, formed a planning group to organize an Army Task Force to send to the I Corps Area. This planning group, commanded by Major General William B. Rossoni organized a multi-brigade force composed of the 196 Light Infantry Brigade (i.e., the 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division: and the 3rd Brigade, 25 Infantry Division, later redesignated the 3rd Brigade, 4rth Infantry Division). Task Force Oregon became operational on April 20, 1967, when troops from the 196th Brigade landed at the Chu Lai Airstrip and immediately began search operations around the base camp. | 1,886 | 3,268 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#4_4431626 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| Task Force Oregon
Source: The Americal Newsletter July - August - September 1995
In February of 1967, General William C. Westmoreland, Commander of U.S. Forces in Vietnam, formed a planning group to organize an Army Task Force to send to the I Corps Area. This planning group, commanded by Major General William B. Rossoni organized a multi-brigade force composed of the 196 Light Infantry Brigade (i.e., the 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division: and the 3rd Brigade, 25 Infantry Division, later redesignated the 3rd Brigade, 4rth Infantry Division). Task Force Oregon became operational on April 20, 1967, when troops from the 196th Brigade landed at the Chu Lai Airstrip and immediately began search operations around the base camp. Soldiers from the 3rd Brigade, 4rth Division started conducting search and destroy operations in Southern Quang Ngai Province, and in May, the 1st B rigade, 101st Airborne paratroopers arrived at Duc Pho and operations in the jungles west of there. Early operations conducted by Task Force Oregon included Malheur 1 and Malheur 11, Hood River, Benton and Cook. On 11 September, 1967, Operation Wheeler was launched against elements of the 2nd North Vietnamese Division working in the area northwest of Chu Lai. On 22 September, 1967, Brigadier General Samuel W. Koster assumed command of the task force, replacing Major General Richard T. Knowles, and three days later Task Force Oregon became the Americal Division, composed of the 196th, 198th, and the 11th Light Infantry Brigades, even though the latter two organizations were still training in the United States. Operation Wheeler continued and on 4 October, 1967, the 3rd Brigade 1st Air Cavalry Division joined the Americal and immediately launched Operation Wallowa in the northern sector of the divisions area of o perations. | 2,533 | 4,353 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#5_4433757 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| Soldiers from the 3rd Brigade, 4rth Division started conducting search and destroy operations in Southern Quang Ngai Province, and in May, the 1st B rigade, 101st Airborne paratroopers arrived at Duc Pho and operations in the jungles west of there. Early operations conducted by Task Force Oregon included Malheur 1 and Malheur 11, Hood River, Benton and Cook. On 11 September, 1967, Operation Wheeler was launched against elements of the 2nd North Vietnamese Division working in the area northwest of Chu Lai. On 22 September, 1967, Brigadier General Samuel W. Koster assumed command of the task force, replacing Major General Richard T. Knowles, and three days later Task Force Oregon became the Americal Division, composed of the 196th, 198th, and the 11th Light Infantry Brigades, even though the latter two organizations were still training in the United States. Operation Wheeler continued and on 4 October, 1967, the 3rd Brigade 1st Air Cavalry Division joined the Americal and immediately launched Operation Wallowa in the northern sector of the divisions area of o perations. Operations Wheeler and Wallowa were combined on 11 November and Operation Wheeler/Wallowa was conducted by the 196th Brigade (which replaced the 101st Airbornes 1st Brigade in the Operation Wheeler after that organization departed for the 11 Corps Tactical zone) and the 3rd Brigade, 1st Air Cavalry. An official change of colors ceremony was held 26 October and the Americal Division became the Seventh Army Division fighting in Vietnam. General Koster received his second star during the same ceremony. Timeline - Quick View
Arrived Vietnam: 12 April 1967
Departed Vietnam: | 3,269 | 4,929 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#6_4435729 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| Operations Wheeler and Wallowa were combined on 11 November and Operation Wheeler/Wallowa was conducted by the 196th Brigade (which replaced the 101st Airbornes 1st Brigade in the Operation Wheeler after that organization departed for the 11 Corps Tactical zone) and the 3rd Brigade, 1st Air Cavalry. An official change of colors ceremony was held 26 October and the Americal Division became the Seventh Army Division fighting in Vietnam. General Koster received his second star during the same ceremony. Timeline - Quick View
Arrived Vietnam: 12 April 1967
Departed Vietnam: 22 September 1967 (Replaced by 23rd Infantry Div, Americal)
Location: Chu Lai
Commanders of Task Force Oregon: Major General William B. Rosson - April 1967
Major General Richard T. Knowles - June 1967
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Bill Allen saw the need for an 11th LIB web site several years ago. He got the site up and running only to be hassled by a group that called themselves, " Friends of MY LAI." Bill dealt with this battle as best he could. | 4,354 | 5,391 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#7_4437086 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| 22 September 1967 (Replaced by 23rd Infantry Div, Americal)
Location: Chu Lai
Commanders of Task Force Oregon: Major General William B. Rosson - April 1967
Major General Richard T. Knowles - June 1967
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Bill Allen saw the need for an 11th LIB web site several years ago. He got the site up and running only to be hassled by a group that called themselves, " Friends of MY LAI." Bill dealt with this battle as best he could. Like he dealt with things that happened during his life. In the end it was exposure to toxic defoliants that claimed him. I did not know Bill personally but I am told he only wanted to build a site so guys could find each other. Nothing is ever so simple. Bill may have known that the pain of the 11th LIB was so great it must be seen for what it is. | 4,930 | 5,742 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#8_4438216 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| Like he dealt with things that happened during his life. In the end it was exposure to toxic defoliants that claimed him. I did not know Bill personally but I am told he only wanted to build a site so guys could find each other. Nothing is ever so simple. Bill may have known that the pain of the 11th LIB was so great it must be seen for what it is. A calling to forever condemn acts of mass murder. A calling that was begun when mankind first went to war, before Jesus, and will end when war or mankind exists no more. For his efforts to begin a conversation which must be held, Tommy Skiens offered this tribute. The following is a post on the old 11th LIB website and this should be posted here as well. RIP Bill Allen. | 5,392 | 6,115 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#9_4439249 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| A calling to forever condemn acts of mass murder. A calling that was begun when mankind first went to war, before Jesus, and will end when war or mankind exists no more. For his efforts to begin a conversation which must be held, Tommy Skiens offered this tribute. The following is a post on the old 11th LIB website and this should be posted here as well. RIP Bill Allen. Dear SSgt., Thanks for your tribute to Bill Allen. We became friends through e-mail and then the phone. The last time I spoke to him he was extremely weak and had open incisions that would not close. I would have loved to help take care of him. | 5,743 | 6,360 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#10_4440176 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| Dear SSgt., Thanks for your tribute to Bill Allen. We became friends through e-mail and then the phone. The last time I spoke to him he was extremely weak and had open incisions that would not close. I would have loved to help take care of him. He told me that sounded good. I live in Texas and Bill was in Michigan. Within days of that he fell off the screen. No answers to e-mail or phone calls. That was the last I heard. | 6,115 | 6,540 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#11_4440911 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| He told me that sounded good. I live in Texas and Bill was in Michigan. Within days of that he fell off the screen. No answers to e-mail or phone calls. That was the last I heard. Do you have his date of death or any other info? Bill was so kind to me as I sought information on Cpl. Jerald DeLong, Bravo Company, 1/20th, 11LIB who was KIA 12Oct70 in the Song Ve Valley. When I first e-mail Bill I didn't know much but he helped me find out so many things about Jerry's last hours. Bill was a great man in many ways that I knew even from so great a distance. | 6,361 | 6,919 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#12_4441780 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| Do you have his date of death or any other info? Bill was so kind to me as I sought information on Cpl. Jerald DeLong, Bravo Company, 1/20th, 11LIB who was KIA 12Oct70 in the Song Ve Valley. When I first e-mail Bill I didn't know much but he helped me find out so many things about Jerry's last hours. Bill was a great man in many ways that I knew even from so great a distance. He had compassion on a middle-aged woman dealing with grief and seeking healing over 30 years later. He even sent me his Americal and 11th LIB patches that he had worn on his uniform. They now are in a display case in honor of Jerry and also, by way of his kindness, in honor of Bill and all the men of the 11th. I loved Jerry very much and still do. I love and care about all of you vets. | 6,541 | 7,309 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#13_4442859 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| He had compassion on a middle-aged woman dealing with grief and seeking healing over 30 years later. He even sent me his Americal and 11th LIB patches that he had worn on his uniform. They now are in a display case in honor of Jerry and also, by way of his kindness, in honor of Bill and all the men of the 11th. I loved Jerry very much and still do. I love and care about all of you vets. God bless you with peace. Marie Gantenbein
Belton, Tx. Tommy Skiens
After Bill Allen's passing, Tommy Skiens stepped up to the plate to make sure the 11th LIB website lived on. Where would we be without Tommy and his love for the 11th LIB? Thank you Tommy. | 6,920 | 7,566 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#14_4443818 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| God bless you with peace. Marie Gantenbein
Belton, Tx. Tommy Skiens
After Bill Allen's passing, Tommy Skiens stepped up to the plate to make sure the 11th LIB website lived on. Where would we be without Tommy and his love for the 11th LIB? Thank you Tommy. Tommy Skiens included more and more information that he thought his 11th LIB brothers would like to see on a website. Fall of 2012 Tommy decided to pass the torch, so that he could devote his attention to his first love, the site Buffgrunt.com. As of the update of this site, it is undetermined what has become of the buffgrunt.com website. Once information has been obtained it will be posted here. Again, we thank you Tommy for all your hard work in continuing the 11thlib.com and helping to bring it to where it is today. | 7,310 | 8,091 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#15_4444912 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| Tommy Skiens included more and more information that he thought his 11th LIB brothers would like to see on a website. Fall of 2012 Tommy decided to pass the torch, so that he could devote his attention to his first love, the site Buffgrunt.com. As of the update of this site, it is undetermined what has become of the buffgrunt.com website. Once information has been obtained it will be posted here. Again, we thank you Tommy for all your hard work in continuing the 11thlib.com and helping to bring it to where it is today. Present Website
Donna Barnes (Webmaster) had joined the 11th Light Infantry Brigade Veterans Association Facebook page on her husband's behalf in 2012. Danny Barnes her husband; served Echo Co, 4th/21st, 11th LIB; had been looking for years for anyone that had served with him during his time in Vietnam. Since becoming involved with the Facebook group, Donna decided, with her husband's urging, to take over the 11th LIB website in September 2012 when Tommy Skiens stepped down. | 7,566 | 8,571 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3534291#16_4446228 | http://11thlib.com/ | Home of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade |
Swift - True
Task Force Oregon
Website History
A Tribute to Bill Allen
Tommy Skiens
Present Website
| Present Website
Donna Barnes (Webmaster) had joined the 11th Light Infantry Brigade Veterans Association Facebook page on her husband's behalf in 2012. Danny Barnes her husband; served Echo Co, 4th/21st, 11th LIB; had been looking for years for anyone that had served with him during his time in Vietnam. Since becoming involved with the Facebook group, Donna decided, with her husband's urging, to take over the 11th LIB website in September 2012 when Tommy Skiens stepped down. The website has evolved and is now a responsive website which may be viewed on smart phones and tablets. The website is continually updated and added to, so we encourage you to visit often. This site will outline the units of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade, casualties of the entire brigade, as well as by unit, reported by DoD to Coffelt Database. We invite comments and additions. Contact the Webmaster with any information you may have. | 8,091 | 9,012 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3543601#0_4447460 | http://11thstreetcowboybar.com/music/johnnybush/index.shtml | 11th Street Cowboy Bar - The Biggest Little Bar In Texas, serving up beer and country western swing music in Bandera, Texas | 11th Street Cowboy Bar - The Biggest Little Bar In Texas, serving up beer and country western swing music in Bandera, Texas
Johnny Bush
Johnny Bush and the Bandoleros perform at the new 11th Street Cowboy Bar stage over Labor Day weekend. Johnny Bush - A living Country Music legend
If he had done nothing but write honky-tonk standards like "Whiskey River," "Sound of A Heartache" and "When My Conscience Hurts the Most," Johnny Bush's place in the country music pantheon would be secure. If he merely contented himself with singing standard-setting versions of barstool anthems like "Green Snakes On the Ceiling," "There Stands the Glass" and "A Moment Isn't Very Long," Bush could look back on a career well spent. If he hadn't fronted his own acclaimed ensembles, including his groundbreaking Western Swing big band, the Bandoleros, Bush could take justifiable pride in putting the swing into Ray Price's Cherokee Cowboys and Willie Nelson's early group, The Record Men. In the course of a long and colorful life and career, Johnny Bush has done all of that and more. And in the process, he has met and surmounted a challenge to his life and livelihood that is almost Shakespearean in its diabolical irony. Now, with the release of a new album, HonkyTonic, Bush demonstrates that, in his fifth decade of performing, his mastery of country music literally spans generations. In addition to his old friend, bandleader and mentor, Willie Nelson and fellow honky-tonker Tommy Alverson, Bush is joined on the album by the cream of Texas' new generation of country-rockers, including Kevin Fowler, Cooder Graw and Stephanie Urbina Jones. Born John Bush Shinn III in 1935 in the hardscrabble blue-collar neighborhood of Kashmere Gardens in Houston, Texas, Johnny became an early devotee of the Western Swing music of Bob Wills and his Texas Playboys, and the honky-tonk hits of Ernest Tubb, Marty Robbins and Lefty Frizzell. Thanks to the encouragement of an uncle, Jerry Jericho, who had a radio program on KTHT in Houston, John and his brother made fledgling broadcasts that helped infect John with the performers' virus. | 0 | 2,122 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3543601#1_4449924 | http://11thstreetcowboybar.com/music/johnnybush/index.shtml | 11th Street Cowboy Bar - The Biggest Little Bar In Texas, serving up beer and country western swing music in Bandera, Texas | And in the process, he has met and surmounted a challenge to his life and livelihood that is almost Shakespearean in its diabolical irony. Now, with the release of a new album, HonkyTonic, Bush demonstrates that, in his fifth decade of performing, his mastery of country music literally spans generations. In addition to his old friend, bandleader and mentor, Willie Nelson and fellow honky-tonker Tommy Alverson, Bush is joined on the album by the cream of Texas' new generation of country-rockers, including Kevin Fowler, Cooder Graw and Stephanie Urbina Jones. Born John Bush Shinn III in 1935 in the hardscrabble blue-collar neighborhood of Kashmere Gardens in Houston, Texas, Johnny became an early devotee of the Western Swing music of Bob Wills and his Texas Playboys, and the honky-tonk hits of Ernest Tubb, Marty Robbins and Lefty Frizzell. Thanks to the encouragement of an uncle, Jerry Jericho, who had a radio program on KTHT in Houston, John and his brother made fledgling broadcasts that helped infect John with the performers' virus. It proved to be a lifelong condition. After a move to San Antonio following his parents' divorce, John—only 17—began to immerse himself in the honky-tonk universe of wine, women and song. He even picked up a residency at a local club, the Texas Star Inn. Thanks to an announcer's trip of the tongue, the new vocalist was introduced one night as "Johnny Bush," and the name stuck. Bush discovered a natural affinity for the drums, which served him well during his associations with dancehall bands like the Mission City Playboys, the Texas Plainsmen and the Texas Tophands. | 1,074 | 2,695 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3543601#2_4451885 | http://11thstreetcowboybar.com/music/johnnybush/index.shtml | 11th Street Cowboy Bar - The Biggest Little Bar In Texas, serving up beer and country western swing music in Bandera, Texas | It proved to be a lifelong condition. After a move to San Antonio following his parents' divorce, John—only 17—began to immerse himself in the honky-tonk universe of wine, women and song. He even picked up a residency at a local club, the Texas Star Inn. Thanks to an announcer's trip of the tongue, the new vocalist was introduced one night as "Johnny Bush," and the name stuck. Bush discovered a natural affinity for the drums, which served him well during his associations with dancehall bands like the Mission City Playboys, the Texas Plainsmen and the Texas Tophands. But when he joined Ray Price's Cherokee Cowboys in 1963, (along with a brash young kid named Willie Nelson), Bush finally became a member of the honky-tonk Dream Team. Price's inimitable voice and his mastery of the Texas shuffle dance beat (his massive hit, "Crazy Arms," is the classic example) made the Cherokee Cowboys the top-shelf country band in the nation. Bush played drums for Price for three years in locales as far-flung as New York and even Paris, getting an invaluable education in country music at the hands of one of its masters. His association with Price led Bush to Nashville in the mid-60s and he soon got a deal with a song publisher and began singing demos. Soon he had segued from Ray Price's band to Willie Nelson's group. | 2,123 | 3,442 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3543601#3_4453546 | http://11thstreetcowboybar.com/music/johnnybush/index.shtml | 11th Street Cowboy Bar - The Biggest Little Bar In Texas, serving up beer and country western swing music in Bandera, Texas | But when he joined Ray Price's Cherokee Cowboys in 1963, (along with a brash young kid named Willie Nelson), Bush finally became a member of the honky-tonk Dream Team. Price's inimitable voice and his mastery of the Texas shuffle dance beat (his massive hit, "Crazy Arms," is the classic example) made the Cherokee Cowboys the top-shelf country band in the nation. Bush played drums for Price for three years in locales as far-flung as New York and even Paris, getting an invaluable education in country music at the hands of one of its masters. His association with Price led Bush to Nashville in the mid-60s and he soon got a deal with a song publisher and began singing demos. Soon he had segued from Ray Price's band to Willie Nelson's group. Bush's first recording split his own tune, "Sound of A Heartache" with Willie's "A Moment Isn't Very Long." Nelson was just a blip on the country music radar (he was best known at the time as a songwriter, not a performer), but Bush found him infinitely inspiring and creative. Nelson produced Bush's first album, Sound of A Heartache, in 1967. The friendship and mutual admiration that the two struggling Texans crafted in Nashville endures to this day. A series of regional hits on the Stop label, including "You Gave Me A Mountain," "Undo the Right," "What A Way To Live" and "I'll Be There," marked the ascent of Bush as a popular performer in his own right. | 2,696 | 4,105 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3543601#4_4455297 | http://11thstreetcowboybar.com/music/johnnybush/index.shtml | 11th Street Cowboy Bar - The Biggest Little Bar In Texas, serving up beer and country western swing music in Bandera, Texas | Bush's first recording split his own tune, "Sound of A Heartache" with Willie's "A Moment Isn't Very Long." Nelson was just a blip on the country music radar (he was best known at the time as a songwriter, not a performer), but Bush found him infinitely inspiring and creative. Nelson produced Bush's first album, Sound of A Heartache, in 1967. The friendship and mutual admiration that the two struggling Texans crafted in Nashville endures to this day. A series of regional hits on the Stop label, including "You Gave Me A Mountain," "Undo the Right," "What A Way To Live" and "I'll Be There," marked the ascent of Bush as a popular performer in his own right. Most of the tunes reached No. 1 in the Texas market, and in the Top 10 or Top 20 nationally. Sharing bills with Nelson and working on his own, Bush became an assured and charismatic bandleader and performer. In 1969, he was named the Most Promising Male Vocalist in country music by Record World magazine, an extremely prestigious designation. By 1972, he had achieved many of the goals of any aspiring country musician. | 3,443 | 4,526 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3543601#5_4456720 | http://11thstreetcowboybar.com/music/johnnybush/index.shtml | 11th Street Cowboy Bar - The Biggest Little Bar In Texas, serving up beer and country western swing music in Bandera, Texas | Most of the tunes reached No. 1 in the Texas market, and in the Top 10 or Top 20 nationally. Sharing bills with Nelson and working on his own, Bush became an assured and charismatic bandleader and performer. In 1969, he was named the Most Promising Male Vocalist in country music by Record World magazine, an extremely prestigious designation. By 1972, he had achieved many of the goals of any aspiring country musician. He was newly signed to RCA Records, whose Nashville division was headed by the legendary Chet Atkins. His first single for the label, "Whiskey River," was well on its way to becoming the biggest hit of his career. He was headlining in and selling out enormous clubs, like his home base at Dancetown USA in Houston. Then it all came crashing down. "It was the summer of 1972," Bush related, "and a few months earlier, something strange had happened. | 4,106 | 4,975 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3543601#6_4457922 | http://11thstreetcowboybar.com/music/johnnybush/index.shtml | 11th Street Cowboy Bar - The Biggest Little Bar In Texas, serving up beer and country western swing music in Bandera, Texas | He was newly signed to RCA Records, whose Nashville division was headed by the legendary Chet Atkins. His first single for the label, "Whiskey River," was well on its way to becoming the biggest hit of his career. He was headlining in and selling out enormous clubs, like his home base at Dancetown USA in Houston. Then it all came crashing down. "It was the summer of 1972," Bush related, "and a few months earlier, something strange had happened. I began to experience a tightness in my voice. The high notes—which in the past had come as easily and naturally as breathing—became raspy and strangled. It was as if my throat was being choked off…What I felt was fear." Though neither he nor the doctors and specialists he consulted for many years were able to diagnose it properly, Bush had become afflicted with a rare condition called spasmodic dysphonia. SD, as it is called, is an unusual neurological disorder in which the vocal cords are affected by uncontrollable spasms. | 4,527 | 5,506 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3543601#7_4459250 | http://11thstreetcowboybar.com/music/johnnybush/index.shtml | 11th Street Cowboy Bar - The Biggest Little Bar In Texas, serving up beer and country western swing music in Bandera, Texas | I began to experience a tightness in my voice. The high notes—which in the past had come as easily and naturally as breathing—became raspy and strangled. It was as if my throat was being choked off…What I felt was fear." Though neither he nor the doctors and specialists he consulted for many years were able to diagnose it properly, Bush had become afflicted with a rare condition called spasmodic dysphonia. SD, as it is called, is an unusual neurological disorder in which the vocal cords are affected by uncontrollable spasms. For the man whom admiring writers had dubbed "The Country Caruso," it was literally his worst nightmare come true. He lost half the range of his singing voice in short order, and could not talk at all. RCA dropped him from its roster in 1974 after three albums. Bush became addicted to Valium and was consumed by performance anxiety when he was able to perform at all. Worst of all, he did not know what was wrong with him. | 4,976 | 5,930 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3543601#8_4460550 | http://11thstreetcowboybar.com/music/johnnybush/index.shtml | 11th Street Cowboy Bar - The Biggest Little Bar In Texas, serving up beer and country western swing music in Bandera, Texas | For the man whom admiring writers had dubbed "The Country Caruso," it was literally his worst nightmare come true. He lost half the range of his singing voice in short order, and could not talk at all. RCA dropped him from its roster in 1974 after three albums. Bush became addicted to Valium and was consumed by performance anxiety when he was able to perform at all. Worst of all, he did not know what was wrong with him. Finally, in 1978, Johnny was correctly diagnosed with SD. Although his career was struggling by this time, his song “Whiskey River” had already been cut several times by his friend Willie Nelson, and the royalty checks came at a most needed time. Though Bush's concert bookings dropped sharply and his mood was often bleak, he never stopped performing; he simply developed tricks that would enable him to deliver shows with his limited vocal capacity. And he never stopped looking for a cure for his affliction. | 5,506 | 6,442 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3543601#9_4461825 | http://11thstreetcowboybar.com/music/johnnybush/index.shtml | 11th Street Cowboy Bar - The Biggest Little Bar In Texas, serving up beer and country western swing music in Bandera, Texas | Finally, in 1978, Johnny was correctly diagnosed with SD. Although his career was struggling by this time, his song “Whiskey River” had already been cut several times by his friend Willie Nelson, and the royalty checks came at a most needed time. Though Bush's concert bookings dropped sharply and his mood was often bleak, he never stopped performing; he simply developed tricks that would enable him to deliver shows with his limited vocal capacity. And he never stopped looking for a cure for his affliction. His was a courageous battle against an intrusive enemy. In 1985, with the aid of some radical exercise techniques developed by a speech therapist named Gary Catona, Bush was able to reclaim a large part of his singing range and some limited speech. In 1994, Bush released a big-band Western Swing album entitled Time Changes Everything, recorded at his old friend Willie Nelson's studio outside of Austin. It was the beginning of a career renaissance. Between 1998 and 2001, he released a series of albums, including Talk To My Heart, Lost Highway Saloon, Johnny Bush Sings Bob Wills and Green Snakes for the Lone Star/TMG label out of Austin. | 5,930 | 7,086 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3543601#10_4463318 | http://11thstreetcowboybar.com/music/johnnybush/index.shtml | 11th Street Cowboy Bar - The Biggest Little Bar In Texas, serving up beer and country western swing music in Bandera, Texas | His was a courageous battle against an intrusive enemy. In 1985, with the aid of some radical exercise techniques developed by a speech therapist named Gary Catona, Bush was able to reclaim a large part of his singing range and some limited speech. In 1994, Bush released a big-band Western Swing album entitled Time Changes Everything, recorded at his old friend Willie Nelson's studio outside of Austin. It was the beginning of a career renaissance. Between 1998 and 2001, he released a series of albums, including Talk To My Heart, Lost Highway Saloon, Johnny Bush Sings Bob Wills and Green Snakes for the Lone Star/TMG label out of Austin. It wasn't until 2002 that a new treatment involving injections of Botox into the vocal cords restored Bush's speech to a near normal pattern. He has, in recent years, come to be a spokesman of sorts for people afflicted with this still-mysterious disorder. Also in 2002, Bush was honored with the Annie Glenn Award (named for the wife of the senator/astronaut John Glenn) by the National Council of Communicative Disorders for his work in bringing attention to the condition of spasmodic dysphonia. Somewhat to his surprise, the renewed visibility has made him a mentor figure to younger Texas musicians who revered the honky-tonk/hardcore country sound that Bush has helped embody. Austin musicians such as Dale Watson and Cornell Hurd sought Bush out to play on their albums, and his audiences began to swell with fans that weren't even born when "Sound of A Heartache" was a hit. | 6,443 | 7,969 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3543601#11_4465175 | http://11thstreetcowboybar.com/music/johnnybush/index.shtml | 11th Street Cowboy Bar - The Biggest Little Bar In Texas, serving up beer and country western swing music in Bandera, Texas | It wasn't until 2002 that a new treatment involving injections of Botox into the vocal cords restored Bush's speech to a near normal pattern. He has, in recent years, come to be a spokesman of sorts for people afflicted with this still-mysterious disorder. Also in 2002, Bush was honored with the Annie Glenn Award (named for the wife of the senator/astronaut John Glenn) by the National Council of Communicative Disorders for his work in bringing attention to the condition of spasmodic dysphonia. Somewhat to his surprise, the renewed visibility has made him a mentor figure to younger Texas musicians who revered the honky-tonk/hardcore country sound that Bush has helped embody. Austin musicians such as Dale Watson and Cornell Hurd sought Bush out to play on their albums, and his audiences began to swell with fans that weren't even born when "Sound of A Heartache" was a hit. Bush has shared the stage with the cream of the new generation of Texas country artists, including Pat Green and Cross Canadian Ragweed, just to name a few. In 2003, he was inducted into the Texas Country Music Hall of Fame; Willie was on hand to do the honors. Now, with the release of HonkyTonic on the BGM label, the wheel has come full circle. Younger Texas artists such as Kevin Fowler, Stephanie Urbina Jones and Cooder Graw join Bush contemporaries Willie and Tommy Alverson for a jukebox-friendly collection of shuffles, drinking songs, broken-heart ballads and beer joint singalongs—precisely the sort of stuff that Johnny Bush has made his life's work. | 7,086 | 8,632 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3543601#12_4467056 | http://11thstreetcowboybar.com/music/johnnybush/index.shtml | 11th Street Cowboy Bar - The Biggest Little Bar In Texas, serving up beer and country western swing music in Bandera, Texas | Bush has shared the stage with the cream of the new generation of Texas country artists, including Pat Green and Cross Canadian Ragweed, just to name a few. In 2003, he was inducted into the Texas Country Music Hall of Fame; Willie was on hand to do the honors. Now, with the release of HonkyTonic on the BGM label, the wheel has come full circle. Younger Texas artists such as Kevin Fowler, Stephanie Urbina Jones and Cooder Graw join Bush contemporaries Willie and Tommy Alverson for a jukebox-friendly collection of shuffles, drinking songs, broken-heart ballads and beer joint singalongs—precisely the sort of stuff that Johnny Bush has made his life's work. He's finished his autobiography, but don't ask him about retiring. " Retire from what? Breathing?" he asks rhetorically. " People only retire from jobs they hate. | 7,970 | 8,793 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3543601#13_4468218 | http://11thstreetcowboybar.com/music/johnnybush/index.shtml | 11th Street Cowboy Bar - The Biggest Little Bar In Texas, serving up beer and country western swing music in Bandera, Texas | He's finished his autobiography, but don't ask him about retiring. " Retire from what? Breathing?" he asks rhetorically. " People only retire from jobs they hate. Performing is not a job—it's what I do and what I love." Information courtesy of The Official Johnny Bush web site. Johnny Bush Links
The Official Johnny Bush web site
Celebrate Bandera - Johnny Bush and the Bandoleros
Photos | 8,632 | 9,019 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3553015#0_4468947 | http://11thstreetstudios.com/ | 11th Street Recording Studios in Atlanta | Welcome to 11th Street Recording Studios in Atlanta, GA.
Welcome to 11th Street Recording Studios in Atlanta, GA.
SERVICES
High Quality Recording
Professional Mixing
Pristine Mastering
Hit Songwriting
Music Production
Audio Post Production
| 11th Street Recording Studios in Atlanta
Welcome to 11th Street Recording Studios in Atlanta, GA. At 11th Street Recording Studios in Atlanta we push towards giving you the best recording experience with the highest quality outcome. Audio is our life, music is our passion! Let us help you get that chart-topping sound! Produce your next hit record here! SERVICES
High Quality Recording
High quailty recording equipment in the hands of knowledgable recording engineers makes a difference and can save you money on the production down the line. Professional Mixing
Make sure your song reaches its full potential. Let one of our mix engineers ensure your record is professionally mixed to industry standards. Pristine Mastering
Once your project is mixed, we can also provide mastering services for a competitive final radio-ready product. Hit Songwriting
Our in-house publishing company 11th Street Music can provide one of our extremely talented songwriters to pen your next single! | 0 | 982 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3553015#1_4470393 | http://11thstreetstudios.com/ | 11th Street Recording Studios in Atlanta | Welcome to 11th Street Recording Studios in Atlanta, GA.
Welcome to 11th Street Recording Studios in Atlanta, GA.
SERVICES
High Quality Recording
Professional Mixing
Pristine Mastering
Hit Songwriting
Music Production
Audio Post Production
| SERVICES
High Quality Recording
High quailty recording equipment in the hands of knowledgable recording engineers makes a difference and can save you money on the production down the line. Professional Mixing
Make sure your song reaches its full potential. Let one of our mix engineers ensure your record is professionally mixed to industry standards. Pristine Mastering
Once your project is mixed, we can also provide mastering services for a competitive final radio-ready product. Hit Songwriting
Our in-house publishing company 11th Street Music can provide one of our extremely talented songwriters to pen your next single! Or choose from our catalog of exclusive unreleased material. Music Production
Purchase beats from our 11th Street Music catalog or have one of our talented producers custom make you a beat. Audio Post Production
Our audio post facility can handle ADR, VO, EDITING, MIXING, and SOUND DESIGN for film & television, trailers, advertisements for radio and television, video games, corporate communications, and podcasts. We also have ISDN, Source-Connect, and surround sound capabilities! | 354 | 1,467 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3554909#0_4471973 | http://12.000.scripts.mit.edu/mission2014/genetically-modified-crops | Genetically Modified Crops | Mission 2014: Feeding the World | Genetically Modified Crops
Genetically Modified Crops
Overview
Arguments for GMOs:
GMOs increase crop yields and promote efficient land use.
GMOs reduce the use of synthetic chemical pesticides that are harmful to the environment.
Arguments against GMOs:
GM technology remains underdeveloped and unsuited for the regions that need them most.
Consumption of GMOs may have yet-unknown effects on human health.
The long-term ecological impacts of GMO crops are yet uncertain.
GMOs currently lack sufficient oversight.
Conclusion:
Works cited:
| Genetically Modified Crops | Mission 2014: Feeding the World
Home » Background
Genetically Modified Crops
Overview
For thousands of years, human beings have modified nature's organisms for usage in agriculture. New technology has furthered this trend: recombinant DNA technology allows biotechnology firms to insert DNAs into plant genomes, thereby creating plants that express the desired traits. Use of such genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has prompted controversy, especially for its role in ensuring food security. As such, the use of transgenics merits a serious discussion regarding its relevance to food security. This piece discusses the purported benefits and costs of utilizing GMOs, as well as the benefits they have brought – saving land, reducing pesticide use, and promising to alleviate third world hunger. Then we provide an in-depth analysis of the health, ecological, and socio-economic impact of transgenic organisms. Our ultimate stance on this issue is to wait for greater availability of biotech organisms unassociated with large agricultural corporations, and for additional scientific data. Any reference to genetically modified (GM) organisms in this piece are exclusively pointed at transgenic organisms. | 0 | 1,236 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3554909#1_4474045 | http://12.000.scripts.mit.edu/mission2014/genetically-modified-crops | Genetically Modified Crops | Mission 2014: Feeding the World | Genetically Modified Crops
Genetically Modified Crops
Overview
Arguments for GMOs:
GMOs increase crop yields and promote efficient land use.
GMOs reduce the use of synthetic chemical pesticides that are harmful to the environment.
Arguments against GMOs:
GM technology remains underdeveloped and unsuited for the regions that need them most.
Consumption of GMOs may have yet-unknown effects on human health.
The long-term ecological impacts of GMO crops are yet uncertain.
GMOs currently lack sufficient oversight.
Conclusion:
Works cited:
| As such, the use of transgenics merits a serious discussion regarding its relevance to food security. This piece discusses the purported benefits and costs of utilizing GMOs, as well as the benefits they have brought – saving land, reducing pesticide use, and promising to alleviate third world hunger. Then we provide an in-depth analysis of the health, ecological, and socio-economic impact of transgenic organisms. Our ultimate stance on this issue is to wait for greater availability of biotech organisms unassociated with large agricultural corporations, and for additional scientific data. Any reference to genetically modified (GM) organisms in this piece are exclusively pointed at transgenic organisms. We will also be examining in depth the two most widespread types of transgenic organisms: herbicide-tolerant crops and insecticide-producing plants. Arguments for GMOs: GMOs increase crop yields and promote efficient land use. Food production uses a significant quantity of arable land and natural resources, and GMOs hold promise to alleviate this burden on the Earth. | 525 | 1,606 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3554909#2_4475955 | http://12.000.scripts.mit.edu/mission2014/genetically-modified-crops | Genetically Modified Crops | Mission 2014: Feeding the World | Genetically Modified Crops
Genetically Modified Crops
Overview
Arguments for GMOs:
GMOs increase crop yields and promote efficient land use.
GMOs reduce the use of synthetic chemical pesticides that are harmful to the environment.
Arguments against GMOs:
GM technology remains underdeveloped and unsuited for the regions that need them most.
Consumption of GMOs may have yet-unknown effects on human health.
The long-term ecological impacts of GMO crops are yet uncertain.
GMOs currently lack sufficient oversight.
Conclusion:
Works cited:
| We will also be examining in depth the two most widespread types of transgenic organisms: herbicide-tolerant crops and insecticide-producing plants. Arguments for GMOs: GMOs increase crop yields and promote efficient land use. Food production uses a significant quantity of arable land and natural resources, and GMOs hold promise to alleviate this burden on the Earth. The efficiency of land use is a significant issue: by 2050, the global population is expected to rise above 9 billion, and the existing amount of arable land is expected to decrease significantly due to anthropogenic climate change and urbanization (FAO). If everyone in the world used as much land per person as the average United States citizen, we “would need four Earths” to sustain ourselves (Cribb). The projected population expansion and rise of food consumption per person in China and India makes efficient land use essential to food security in the next 100 years (Cribb). Consequently, conserving land to produce more food is a necessity for any long term plan. | 1,237 | 2,279 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3554909#3_4477832 | http://12.000.scripts.mit.edu/mission2014/genetically-modified-crops | Genetically Modified Crops | Mission 2014: Feeding the World | Genetically Modified Crops
Genetically Modified Crops
Overview
Arguments for GMOs:
GMOs increase crop yields and promote efficient land use.
GMOs reduce the use of synthetic chemical pesticides that are harmful to the environment.
Arguments against GMOs:
GM technology remains underdeveloped and unsuited for the regions that need them most.
Consumption of GMOs may have yet-unknown effects on human health.
The long-term ecological impacts of GMO crops are yet uncertain.
GMOs currently lack sufficient oversight.
Conclusion:
Works cited:
| The efficiency of land use is a significant issue: by 2050, the global population is expected to rise above 9 billion, and the existing amount of arable land is expected to decrease significantly due to anthropogenic climate change and urbanization (FAO). If everyone in the world used as much land per person as the average United States citizen, we “would need four Earths” to sustain ourselves (Cribb). The projected population expansion and rise of food consumption per person in China and India makes efficient land use essential to food security in the next 100 years (Cribb). Consequently, conserving land to produce more food is a necessity for any long term plan. Biotechnology firms claim that transgenic crops promise more food with less land. GMO crops have been found to increase yields, with a 10 percent change to a genetically modified herbicide tolerant crop yielding a roughly 1.7 percent increase in productivity (USDA). Biotechnology companies state that such varieties of crops will improve the livelihood of farmers around the world (Cummins). GMOs reduce the use of synthetic chemical pesticides that are harmful to the environment. Use of transgenic plants increases yields and decreases the need for pesticide use, thereby preventing significant ecological damage. | 1,607 | 2,896 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3554909#4_4479956 | http://12.000.scripts.mit.edu/mission2014/genetically-modified-crops | Genetically Modified Crops | Mission 2014: Feeding the World | Genetically Modified Crops
Genetically Modified Crops
Overview
Arguments for GMOs:
GMOs increase crop yields and promote efficient land use.
GMOs reduce the use of synthetic chemical pesticides that are harmful to the environment.
Arguments against GMOs:
GM technology remains underdeveloped and unsuited for the regions that need them most.
Consumption of GMOs may have yet-unknown effects on human health.
The long-term ecological impacts of GMO crops are yet uncertain.
GMOs currently lack sufficient oversight.
Conclusion:
Works cited:
| Biotechnology firms claim that transgenic crops promise more food with less land. GMO crops have been found to increase yields, with a 10 percent change to a genetically modified herbicide tolerant crop yielding a roughly 1.7 percent increase in productivity (USDA). Biotechnology companies state that such varieties of crops will improve the livelihood of farmers around the world (Cummins). GMOs reduce the use of synthetic chemical pesticides that are harmful to the environment. Use of transgenic plants increases yields and decreases the need for pesticide use, thereby preventing significant ecological damage. GM pesticide-producing crops are engineered to produce Bt toxins, a crystal protein naturally synthesized by the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has found that these toxins do not activate in the human gut, and pose no risk to human health (EPA). The endotoxins are insecticidal and exhibit low environmental persistence (meaning they degrade quickly), making them ideal for expression in crops (Sharma, 2010). Although Bt is lethal to many insects, multiple scientific studies have found them to be harmless to wild mammals, birds, pets, and humans; Bt endotoxins may as well be considered “biopesticides” (Sharma, 2010). | 2,280 | 3,577 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3554909#5_4482088 | http://12.000.scripts.mit.edu/mission2014/genetically-modified-crops | Genetically Modified Crops | Mission 2014: Feeding the World | Genetically Modified Crops
Genetically Modified Crops
Overview
Arguments for GMOs:
GMOs increase crop yields and promote efficient land use.
GMOs reduce the use of synthetic chemical pesticides that are harmful to the environment.
Arguments against GMOs:
GM technology remains underdeveloped and unsuited for the regions that need them most.
Consumption of GMOs may have yet-unknown effects on human health.
The long-term ecological impacts of GMO crops are yet uncertain.
GMOs currently lack sufficient oversight.
Conclusion:
Works cited:
| GM pesticide-producing crops are engineered to produce Bt toxins, a crystal protein naturally synthesized by the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has found that these toxins do not activate in the human gut, and pose no risk to human health (EPA). The endotoxins are insecticidal and exhibit low environmental persistence (meaning they degrade quickly), making them ideal for expression in crops (Sharma, 2010). Although Bt is lethal to many insects, multiple scientific studies have found them to be harmless to wild mammals, birds, pets, and humans; Bt endotoxins may as well be considered “biopesticides” (Sharma, 2010). Herbicide-resistant crops are engineered to be resistant to glyphosate, an herbicide with relatively low toxicity levels, which allows for the spraying of glyphosate on crops to kill weeds. An example of such a plant is the Roundup Ready soybean produced by Monsanto, and the EPA has labeled glyphosate with a “low toxicity” rating (EPA). The European corn borer, a widespread crop pest, claims 7 percent of the world's corn supply each year. Use of Bt corn has saved US farmers in Iowa and Nebraska alone up to 1.7 billion dollars in fighting this pest over the past 14 years, when compared to non-Bt variants (Hutchinson). Spanish farmers who have implemented Bt maize have found a 10 percent increase in yields, with up to 20 percent increases in borer-infested areas (Europa). | 2,897 | 4,358 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3554909#6_4484394 | http://12.000.scripts.mit.edu/mission2014/genetically-modified-crops | Genetically Modified Crops | Mission 2014: Feeding the World | Genetically Modified Crops
Genetically Modified Crops
Overview
Arguments for GMOs:
GMOs increase crop yields and promote efficient land use.
GMOs reduce the use of synthetic chemical pesticides that are harmful to the environment.
Arguments against GMOs:
GM technology remains underdeveloped and unsuited for the regions that need them most.
Consumption of GMOs may have yet-unknown effects on human health.
The long-term ecological impacts of GMO crops are yet uncertain.
GMOs currently lack sufficient oversight.
Conclusion:
Works cited:
| Herbicide-resistant crops are engineered to be resistant to glyphosate, an herbicide with relatively low toxicity levels, which allows for the spraying of glyphosate on crops to kill weeds. An example of such a plant is the Roundup Ready soybean produced by Monsanto, and the EPA has labeled glyphosate with a “low toxicity” rating (EPA). The European corn borer, a widespread crop pest, claims 7 percent of the world's corn supply each year. Use of Bt corn has saved US farmers in Iowa and Nebraska alone up to 1.7 billion dollars in fighting this pest over the past 14 years, when compared to non-Bt variants (Hutchinson). Spanish farmers who have implemented Bt maize have found a 10 percent increase in yields, with up to 20 percent increases in borer-infested areas (Europa). Along with increasing yields, Bt crops also decrease pesticide usage. Some estimates indicate that if “50% of maize, oil seed rape, sugar beet, and cotton grown in the EU were GM varieties, pesticide in the EU/year would decrease by 14.5 million kg of formulated product”, and “there would be a reduction of 7.5 million hectares sprayed, which would save 20.5 million liters of diesel and result in a reduction of approximately 73,000 tons of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere” (Phipps). A reduction of 13 million kg of pesticide in the United States has been recorded in soybean and corn fields in between 1997 and 2009, after the introduction of genetically modified crops (Phipps). Pesticide usage is reduced by a projected 2.5 million pounds a year in the US alone due to introduction of Bt crops (USDA). It is projected that the introduction of Bt resistant sugar beet in Europe would decrease pesticide usage in kilograms per year by 2,208 kg and increase yield by 5,050 kg per year (Gianessi). | 3,578 | 5,375 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3554909#7_4487046 | http://12.000.scripts.mit.edu/mission2014/genetically-modified-crops | Genetically Modified Crops | Mission 2014: Feeding the World | Genetically Modified Crops
Genetically Modified Crops
Overview
Arguments for GMOs:
GMOs increase crop yields and promote efficient land use.
GMOs reduce the use of synthetic chemical pesticides that are harmful to the environment.
Arguments against GMOs:
GM technology remains underdeveloped and unsuited for the regions that need them most.
Consumption of GMOs may have yet-unknown effects on human health.
The long-term ecological impacts of GMO crops are yet uncertain.
GMOs currently lack sufficient oversight.
Conclusion:
Works cited:
| Along with increasing yields, Bt crops also decrease pesticide usage. Some estimates indicate that if “50% of maize, oil seed rape, sugar beet, and cotton grown in the EU were GM varieties, pesticide in the EU/year would decrease by 14.5 million kg of formulated product”, and “there would be a reduction of 7.5 million hectares sprayed, which would save 20.5 million liters of diesel and result in a reduction of approximately 73,000 tons of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere” (Phipps). A reduction of 13 million kg of pesticide in the United States has been recorded in soybean and corn fields in between 1997 and 2009, after the introduction of genetically modified crops (Phipps). Pesticide usage is reduced by a projected 2.5 million pounds a year in the US alone due to introduction of Bt crops (USDA). It is projected that the introduction of Bt resistant sugar beet in Europe would decrease pesticide usage in kilograms per year by 2,208 kg and increase yield by 5,050 kg per year (Gianessi). Europe, a place where transgenic plants are marginally utilized, uses roughly 3 kg of pesticide per hectare, compared to the United States' 2.5 (Goodplanet). Overall, we believe that biotechnology has great potential to bring about many benefits to provide for food security, especially in the third world. These benefits include, but are not limited to, the reduction of crop loss to environmental stress, the prevention of vitamin deficiency through more nutritious crops, the prevention of food spoilage before it is brought to market, the alleviation of soil degradation in the Third World, the potential use in agroforestry systems to create more efficient and non-competitive nitrogen fixers, the potential to synthesize more potent biopesticides for organic farming, the potential to create plants built to bioremediate contaminated soils, and the potential to create plants that thrive in rooftop or vertical farms. However, although promising, agricultural technology has not yet delivered on the aforementioned fronts. Arguments against GMOs: | 4,359 | 6,428 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3554909#8_4489960 | http://12.000.scripts.mit.edu/mission2014/genetically-modified-crops | Genetically Modified Crops | Mission 2014: Feeding the World | Genetically Modified Crops
Genetically Modified Crops
Overview
Arguments for GMOs:
GMOs increase crop yields and promote efficient land use.
GMOs reduce the use of synthetic chemical pesticides that are harmful to the environment.
Arguments against GMOs:
GM technology remains underdeveloped and unsuited for the regions that need them most.
Consumption of GMOs may have yet-unknown effects on human health.
The long-term ecological impacts of GMO crops are yet uncertain.
GMOs currently lack sufficient oversight.
Conclusion:
Works cited:
| Europe, a place where transgenic plants are marginally utilized, uses roughly 3 kg of pesticide per hectare, compared to the United States' 2.5 (Goodplanet). Overall, we believe that biotechnology has great potential to bring about many benefits to provide for food security, especially in the third world. These benefits include, but are not limited to, the reduction of crop loss to environmental stress, the prevention of vitamin deficiency through more nutritious crops, the prevention of food spoilage before it is brought to market, the alleviation of soil degradation in the Third World, the potential use in agroforestry systems to create more efficient and non-competitive nitrogen fixers, the potential to synthesize more potent biopesticides for organic farming, the potential to create plants built to bioremediate contaminated soils, and the potential to create plants that thrive in rooftop or vertical farms. However, although promising, agricultural technology has not yet delivered on the aforementioned fronts. Arguments against GMOs: GM technology remains underdeveloped and unsuited for the regions that need them most. One problem with biotechnology is that it is not currently built for poorer regions, as most plants are only engineered for herbicide and pesticide tolerance, with the needs of developed countries in mind (GMF). Biotechnology today is largely driven by agricultural corporations such as Monsanto, whose seeds are expensive to poorer farmers (Ho). But GMOs may increase land productivity in Africa, where 49 percent of soil is heavily degraded (Terrafrica). They could be engineered to endure harsher conditions and be less susceptible to climate changes such as drought, a leading cause of food insecurity in Africa. | 5,376 | 7,132 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_00_3554909#9_4492541 | http://12.000.scripts.mit.edu/mission2014/genetically-modified-crops | Genetically Modified Crops | Mission 2014: Feeding the World | Genetically Modified Crops
Genetically Modified Crops
Overview
Arguments for GMOs:
GMOs increase crop yields and promote efficient land use.
GMOs reduce the use of synthetic chemical pesticides that are harmful to the environment.
Arguments against GMOs:
GM technology remains underdeveloped and unsuited for the regions that need them most.
Consumption of GMOs may have yet-unknown effects on human health.
The long-term ecological impacts of GMO crops are yet uncertain.
GMOs currently lack sufficient oversight.
Conclusion:
Works cited:
| GM technology remains underdeveloped and unsuited for the regions that need them most. One problem with biotechnology is that it is not currently built for poorer regions, as most plants are only engineered for herbicide and pesticide tolerance, with the needs of developed countries in mind (GMF). Biotechnology today is largely driven by agricultural corporations such as Monsanto, whose seeds are expensive to poorer farmers (Ho). But GMOs may increase land productivity in Africa, where 49 percent of soil is heavily degraded (Terrafrica). They could be engineered to endure harsher conditions and be less susceptible to climate changes such as drought, a leading cause of food insecurity in Africa. Certain types of native crops may be engineered to increase yields. This all might be done in the future, but it has not been done yet. Additionally, GMOs still represent too many unknowns to be a solid basis for a plan to benefit third world farmers. Consumption of GMOs may have yet-unknown effects on human health. Unknown health consequences are a common objection to GMO organisms. | 6,428 | 7,519 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.