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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665414078#3_2440695593
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/natural-gas/
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Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints - IER
|
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints
The Changing Energy Market in the Northeast
Conclusion
Tags
Did Wind Really Save Texas from Rolling Outages?
GAO Misses the Elephant in the Room on Interior’s Oil & Gas Fiscal System
|
According to the Energy Information Administration, natural gas prices in Pennsylvania in 2013 were only 11 percent higher than in 2012 due to continued growth in production from the Marcellus shale compared to price increases of 61 percent in New York and 75 percent in New England – states that must import natural gas from other states, Canada, or from aboard as liquefied natural gas. [ ii]
Source: Energy Information Administration, http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=14491&src=email
The Changing Energy Market in the Northeast
The natural gas drilling boom in shale fields due to the use of hydraulic fracturing coupled with horizontal drilling led to a plunge in gas prices that caused an increase in natural gas-fired generation and a shift from heating oil to natural gas in the Northeast. Natural gas generated less than 30 percent of New England’s electricity in 2001, but provides more than 50 percent today. Natural gas pipelines are able to handle the increased demand during the summer months, but the pipelines become constrained in the winter due to the added demand for heating, particularly in very cold weather. During the cold spell, some power providers imported more gas from Canada through pipelines that have become underused in recent years due to the domestic shale gas renaissance and from abroad as liquefied natural gas. Twenty interstate pipeline systems operate between Virginia and Maine, delivering gas from the Marcellus field, the Gulf of Mexico, and Canada. Due to several regional natural gas price spikes occurring last winter, several gas pipeline expansion projects were completed over the past year connecting the Marcellus field to New York and New Jersey. More expansions are scheduled through 2015. Additional pipeline service to New England, an expansion of Spectra Energy’s Algonquin Incremental Market pipeline project bringing new Marcellus gas production through Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, is anticipated for 2016.
| 2,581 | 4,574 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665414078#4_2440698244
|
http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/natural-gas/
|
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints - IER
|
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints
The Changing Energy Market in the Northeast
Conclusion
Tags
Did Wind Really Save Texas from Rolling Outages?
GAO Misses the Elephant in the Room on Interior’s Oil & Gas Fiscal System
|
During the cold spell, some power providers imported more gas from Canada through pipelines that have become underused in recent years due to the domestic shale gas renaissance and from abroad as liquefied natural gas. Twenty interstate pipeline systems operate between Virginia and Maine, delivering gas from the Marcellus field, the Gulf of Mexico, and Canada. Due to several regional natural gas price spikes occurring last winter, several gas pipeline expansion projects were completed over the past year connecting the Marcellus field to New York and New Jersey. More expansions are scheduled through 2015. Additional pipeline service to New England, an expansion of Spectra Energy’s Algonquin Incremental Market pipeline project bringing new Marcellus gas production through Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, is anticipated for 2016. Unfortunately, the expected retirement of coal-fired plants, such as the Brayton Point power plant in southeastern Massachusetts, the largest coal-fired plant in New England [iii] with 1,055 megawatts of coal-fired capacity and 435 megawatts of natural gas-fired capacity, scheduled to be shut down in 2017, will cause even more pressure on pipelines to deliver natural gas to the area. The Institute for Energy Research has found that over 1,100 megawatts of capacity in the Northeast are expected to be prematurely retired due to EPA’s Mercury and Air Toxics Rule (colloquially called Utility MACT) and the Cross State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR). [ iv]
Not only are coal-fired power plants retiring prematurely, but nuclear plants as well. On August 27, Entergy announced the pending closure of the Vermont Yankee plant, which is expected in the fourth quarter of 2014, when the plant’s current fuel cycle ends. The closure of this 41-year-old nuclear plant is expected to affect natural gas and electricity markets throughout New England because the plant had been generating about 4 percent of New England’s electricity supply and about three-quarters of Vermont’s power.
| 3,724 | 5,749 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665414078#5_2440700935
|
http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/natural-gas/
|
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints - IER
|
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints
The Changing Energy Market in the Northeast
Conclusion
Tags
Did Wind Really Save Texas from Rolling Outages?
GAO Misses the Elephant in the Room on Interior’s Oil & Gas Fiscal System
|
Unfortunately, the expected retirement of coal-fired plants, such as the Brayton Point power plant in southeastern Massachusetts, the largest coal-fired plant in New England [iii] with 1,055 megawatts of coal-fired capacity and 435 megawatts of natural gas-fired capacity, scheduled to be shut down in 2017, will cause even more pressure on pipelines to deliver natural gas to the area. The Institute for Energy Research has found that over 1,100 megawatts of capacity in the Northeast are expected to be prematurely retired due to EPA’s Mercury and Air Toxics Rule (colloquially called Utility MACT) and the Cross State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR). [ iv]
Not only are coal-fired power plants retiring prematurely, but nuclear plants as well. On August 27, Entergy announced the pending closure of the Vermont Yankee plant, which is expected in the fourth quarter of 2014, when the plant’s current fuel cycle ends. The closure of this 41-year-old nuclear plant is expected to affect natural gas and electricity markets throughout New England because the plant had been generating about 4 percent of New England’s electricity supply and about three-quarters of Vermont’s power. Entergy cited a number of financial factors for the retirement including increased costs to comply with new federal and regional regulations. Because Vermont Yankee is operated as a merchant generator, its costs cannot be recovered through regulated cost-of-service rates. [ v]
New England expects more than 1,369 megawatts of generating capacity to be retired between 2013 and 2016. Dominion Energy Resources is planning to retire the nearly 750-megawatt Salem Harbor coal- and petroleum-fired power plant in Massachusetts in 2014 due to the costs of compliance with new environmental regulations and declining profits for coal-fired units in Independent System Operator (ISO) of New England. [ vi] To keep operating its coal-fired power plants, the company would need to spend millions of dollars on environmental equipment to comply with EPA regulations.
| 4,574 | 6,605 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665414078#6_2440703629
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/natural-gas/
|
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints - IER
|
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints
The Changing Energy Market in the Northeast
Conclusion
Tags
Did Wind Really Save Texas from Rolling Outages?
GAO Misses the Elephant in the Room on Interior’s Oil & Gas Fiscal System
|
Entergy cited a number of financial factors for the retirement including increased costs to comply with new federal and regional regulations. Because Vermont Yankee is operated as a merchant generator, its costs cannot be recovered through regulated cost-of-service rates. [ v]
New England expects more than 1,369 megawatts of generating capacity to be retired between 2013 and 2016. Dominion Energy Resources is planning to retire the nearly 750-megawatt Salem Harbor coal- and petroleum-fired power plant in Massachusetts in 2014 due to the costs of compliance with new environmental regulations and declining profits for coal-fired units in Independent System Operator (ISO) of New England. [ vi] To keep operating its coal-fired power plants, the company would need to spend millions of dollars on environmental equipment to comply with EPA regulations. Reliability experts are noting that the New England grid is entering risky territory. With the above early retirements, and other resources contemplating closure, the New England grid is becoming dangerously reliant on natural gas. The ISO New England, the electric grid operator, recommended against the closure of the 1500 megawatt Brayton Point facility because the plant is needed to ensure reliability. [ vii]
Clearly, the amount of electricity from natural gas fired plants in New England will be increasing beyond its current 52 percent share due to these premature retirements of nuclear and coal-fired power plants caused primarily by onerous federal regulations. This turn of events is also dangerously narrowing energy diversity in the region.
| 5,750 | 7,359 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665414078#7_2440705882
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/natural-gas/
|
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints - IER
|
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints
The Changing Energy Market in the Northeast
Conclusion
Tags
Did Wind Really Save Texas from Rolling Outages?
GAO Misses the Elephant in the Room on Interior’s Oil & Gas Fiscal System
|
Reliability experts are noting that the New England grid is entering risky territory. With the above early retirements, and other resources contemplating closure, the New England grid is becoming dangerously reliant on natural gas. The ISO New England, the electric grid operator, recommended against the closure of the 1500 megawatt Brayton Point facility because the plant is needed to ensure reliability. [ vii]
Clearly, the amount of electricity from natural gas fired plants in New England will be increasing beyond its current 52 percent share due to these premature retirements of nuclear and coal-fired power plants caused primarily by onerous federal regulations. This turn of events is also dangerously narrowing energy diversity in the region. Energy diversity is needed due to pipeline constraints for moving natural gas and future expected increases in natural gas prices. Conclusion
If government leaders in the Northeast and throughout the country are looking to natural gas as the answer to their future energy needs, it is important that the infrastructure be available to transport needed energy from sources of supply to demand areas, particularly when demand increases quickly due to extremely cold weather when consumers need the energy for warmth. If the infrastructure is sufficient, large price spikes will be less likely to occur. In the case of the Northeast this month, the availability of Canadian gas and liquefied natural gas helped to alleviate even larger price spikes. However, a separate cause for concern is the lessening in diversity in Northeast energy markets with natural gas used for electric generation increasing from a 30 percent share to over 50 percent in New England, coal-fired generators being prematurely retired due to onerous regulations from the EPA, and natural gas displacing heating oil because of its favorable economics.
| 6,605 | 8,482 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665414078#8_2440708400
|
http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/natural-gas/
|
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints - IER
|
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints
Natural Gas Prices in Northeast Spike Due To Cold & Pipeline Constraints
The Changing Energy Market in the Northeast
Conclusion
Tags
Did Wind Really Save Texas from Rolling Outages?
GAO Misses the Elephant in the Room on Interior’s Oil & Gas Fiscal System
|
Energy diversity is needed due to pipeline constraints for moving natural gas and future expected increases in natural gas prices. Conclusion
If government leaders in the Northeast and throughout the country are looking to natural gas as the answer to their future energy needs, it is important that the infrastructure be available to transport needed energy from sources of supply to demand areas, particularly when demand increases quickly due to extremely cold weather when consumers need the energy for warmth. If the infrastructure is sufficient, large price spikes will be less likely to occur. In the case of the Northeast this month, the availability of Canadian gas and liquefied natural gas helped to alleviate even larger price spikes. However, a separate cause for concern is the lessening in diversity in Northeast energy markets with natural gas used for electric generation increasing from a 30 percent share to over 50 percent in New England, coal-fired generators being prematurely retired due to onerous regulations from the EPA, and natural gas displacing heating oil because of its favorable economics. This trend will put an even larger strain on inadequate pipeline infrastructure, and likely lead to price spikes and other disruptions if care is not taken to ensure adequate production and flow of energy. The recent cold spell should serve as a wakeup call to those whose policies have consequences for consumers, businesses and jobs. [i] New York Times, As Winter Takes Hold, Plunging Temperatures Test Utilities, January 8, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/09/business/energy-environment/as-winter-takes-hold-plunging-temperatures-test-utilities.html?nl=todaysheadlines&emc=edit_th_20140109&_r=2
[ii] Energy Information Administration, New England and New York have largest natural gas prices increases in 2013, January 7, 2013, http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=14491&src=email
[iii] Boston Globe, Largest coal-fired plant in NE to close by 2017, October 8, 2013, http://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2013/10/07/largest-coal-fired-plant-close/WeTEdGAz9CmyFwQtWCqIMN/story.html
[iv] Institute for Energy Research, Impact of EPA’s Regulatory Assault on Power Plants, June 12, 2012, https://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/June-12-EPA-powerplant-shutdown-update.pdf
[v] Energy Information Administration, Vermont Yankee nuclear plant closure in 2014 will challenge New England energy markets, September 6, 2013, http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=12851
[vi] Dominion News, Dominion Sets Schedule to Close Salem Harbor Station, May 11, 2011, http://dom.mediar
| 7,360 | 10,000 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665425219#0_2440711691
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/nuclear/
|
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities - IER
|
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities
Prematurely Retiring Nuclear Plants
Other Countries Are Keeping or Are Building Nuclear Plants
Conclusion
Tags
U.S. Is Awash with Natural Gas and More Production Is on Its Way
Carbon Tax Update, January 2019
|
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities - IER
IER
. Commentary
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities
By IER
Despite an unfavorable regulatory climate, the U.S. nuclear power industry reduced total generating costs at existing plants in 2017 to a ten-year low. The average total generating costs, including capital, fuel, and operating costs, was $33.50 per megawatt-hour in 2017—3.3 percent lower than in 2016 and more than 19 percent lower than the 2012 peak. Since 2012, the industry has reduced capital expenditures by 40.8 percent, fuel costs by 17.2 percent and operating costs by 8.7 percent. In 2012, nuclear operators were preparing their plants for 20-year license extensions by replacing vessel heads and steam generators and making other upgrades including uprates to increase output from existing plants. As a result, 86 of the 99 operating reactors in 2017 received 20-year license renewals and 92 of the operating reactors have been approved for uprates that added over 7,900 megawatts of electric capacity. Source: Nuclear Energy Institute
However, since 2013, seven U.S. nuclear reactors were permanently closed and another 12 have announced their future shutdown due to lower economics from competing plants, some of which are heavily subsidized, and by policy. For instance, plants in competitive markets have retired because of a combination of the following: Low natural gas prices that are suppressing prices in wholesale power markets
Low growth or no growth in electricity demand in some markets due to greater efficiency and/or low economic growth
Federal subsidies and state mandates for renewable generation that suppresses prices, particularly during off-peak hours.
| 0 | 1,723 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665425219#1_2440714023
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/nuclear/
|
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities - IER
|
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities
Prematurely Retiring Nuclear Plants
Other Countries Are Keeping or Are Building Nuclear Plants
Conclusion
Tags
U.S. Is Awash with Natural Gas and More Production Is on Its Way
Carbon Tax Update, January 2019
|
As a result, 86 of the 99 operating reactors in 2017 received 20-year license renewals and 92 of the operating reactors have been approved for uprates that added over 7,900 megawatts of electric capacity. Source: Nuclear Energy Institute
However, since 2013, seven U.S. nuclear reactors were permanently closed and another 12 have announced their future shutdown due to lower economics from competing plants, some of which are heavily subsidized, and by policy. For instance, plants in competitive markets have retired because of a combination of the following: Low natural gas prices that are suppressing prices in wholesale power markets
Low growth or no growth in electricity demand in some markets due to greater efficiency and/or low economic growth
Federal subsidies and state mandates for renewable generation that suppresses prices, particularly during off-peak hours. For example, the Federal production tax credit allows wind to bid negative prices. In Illinois, some nuclear plants are confronted with negative prices as much as 10 to 11 percent of off-peak hours and 5 to 6 percent of all hours. Transmission constraints, which require a power plant to pay a congestion charge or penalty to move power onto the grid. Some nuclear plants at congested points on the grid have paid a penalty of $6 to $9 a megawatt hour to move their power
Prematurely Retiring Nuclear Plants
Since 2013, seven nuclear reactors have permanently retired, as noted in the table below. Source:
| 847 | 2,329 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665425219#2_2440716108
|
http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/nuclear/
|
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities - IER
|
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities
Prematurely Retiring Nuclear Plants
Other Countries Are Keeping or Are Building Nuclear Plants
Conclusion
Tags
U.S. Is Awash with Natural Gas and More Production Is on Its Way
Carbon Tax Update, January 2019
|
For example, the Federal production tax credit allows wind to bid negative prices. In Illinois, some nuclear plants are confronted with negative prices as much as 10 to 11 percent of off-peak hours and 5 to 6 percent of all hours. Transmission constraints, which require a power plant to pay a congestion charge or penalty to move power onto the grid. Some nuclear plants at congested points on the grid have paid a penalty of $6 to $9 a megawatt hour to move their power
Prematurely Retiring Nuclear Plants
Since 2013, seven nuclear reactors have permanently retired, as noted in the table below. Source: Nuclear Energy Institute
Some states (New York, Illinois, New Jersey, and Connecticut) have enacted policies that will compensate nuclear plants for their environmental attributes, keeping 12 reactors in these states operating. Nevertheless, twelve additional reactors are scheduled for permanent closure as noted in the table below; many with high capacity factors and low generating costs: Source: Nuclear Energy Institute
Other Countries Are Keeping or Are Building Nuclear Plants
A sample of nuclear power around the globe includes:
| 1,724 | 2,866 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665425219#3_2440717854
|
http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/nuclear/
|
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities - IER
|
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities
Prematurely Retiring Nuclear Plants
Other Countries Are Keeping or Are Building Nuclear Plants
Conclusion
Tags
U.S. Is Awash with Natural Gas and More Production Is on Its Way
Carbon Tax Update, January 2019
|
Nuclear Energy Institute
Some states (New York, Illinois, New Jersey, and Connecticut) have enacted policies that will compensate nuclear plants for their environmental attributes, keeping 12 reactors in these states operating. Nevertheless, twelve additional reactors are scheduled for permanent closure as noted in the table below; many with high capacity factors and low generating costs: Source: Nuclear Energy Institute
Other Countries Are Keeping or Are Building Nuclear Plants
A sample of nuclear power around the globe includes: Last month, Taiwanese voters rejected the government’s phase-out of nuclear power by a vote of 59 percent to 41 percent. Taiwan generated 8 percent of its electricity from nuclear power in 2017. China has 44 nuclear reactors in operation as of September 2018 with a capacity of 40.6 gigawatts and 13 new reactors are under construction with a capacity of 14 gigawatts. An additional 36 gigawatts are in the planning stages. On December 13, China announced the first commercial operation of a new generation of nuclear plants using European Pressurized Reactors (EPR).
| 2,330 | 3,434 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665425219#4_2440719565
|
http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/nuclear/
|
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities - IER
|
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities
Prematurely Retiring Nuclear Plants
Other Countries Are Keeping or Are Building Nuclear Plants
Conclusion
Tags
U.S. Is Awash with Natural Gas and More Production Is on Its Way
Carbon Tax Update, January 2019
|
Last month, Taiwanese voters rejected the government’s phase-out of nuclear power by a vote of 59 percent to 41 percent. Taiwan generated 8 percent of its electricity from nuclear power in 2017. China has 44 nuclear reactors in operation as of September 2018 with a capacity of 40.6 gigawatts and 13 new reactors are under construction with a capacity of 14 gigawatts. An additional 36 gigawatts are in the planning stages. On December 13, China announced the first commercial operation of a new generation of nuclear plants using European Pressurized Reactors (EPR). India has 22 nuclear reactors in operation in seven nuclear power plants as of March 2018, with a total installed capacity of 6,780 megawatts. Nuclear power supplied 3.22 percent of Indian electricity in 2017. Another six reactors are under construction with a combined generation capacity of 4,300 megawatts. South Korea has 23 nuclear reactors with a total installed capacity of 20.5 gigawatts. They represent 22 percent of South Korea’s total electrical generation capacity and 29 percent of total electrical consumption.
| 2,866 | 3,959 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665425219#5_2440721266
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/nuclear/
|
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities - IER
|
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities
Prematurely Retiring Nuclear Plants
Other Countries Are Keeping or Are Building Nuclear Plants
Conclusion
Tags
U.S. Is Awash with Natural Gas and More Production Is on Its Way
Carbon Tax Update, January 2019
|
India has 22 nuclear reactors in operation in seven nuclear power plants as of March 2018, with a total installed capacity of 6,780 megawatts. Nuclear power supplied 3.22 percent of Indian electricity in 2017. Another six reactors are under construction with a combined generation capacity of 4,300 megawatts. South Korea has 23 nuclear reactors with a total installed capacity of 20.5 gigawatts. They represent 22 percent of South Korea’s total electrical generation capacity and 29 percent of total electrical consumption. Russia’s installed nuclear capacity totals 31,315 megawatts as of December 2018. Russia plans to increase the number of reactors in operation from 31 to 59. Old reactors will be maintained and upgraded. France has 58 nuclear reactors with a total capacity of 63.1 gigawatts and they generate the majority (72 percent) of France’s electricity. France is the world’s largest net exporter of electricity due to the low cost of its generation, and gains over €3 billion per year from these exports.
| 3,434 | 4,454 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665425219#6_2440722909
|
http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/nuclear/
|
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities - IER
|
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities
Nuclear Industry Reduces Costs at Existing Facilities
Prematurely Retiring Nuclear Plants
Other Countries Are Keeping or Are Building Nuclear Plants
Conclusion
Tags
U.S. Is Awash with Natural Gas and More Production Is on Its Way
Carbon Tax Update, January 2019
|
Russia’s installed nuclear capacity totals 31,315 megawatts as of December 2018. Russia plans to increase the number of reactors in operation from 31 to 59. Old reactors will be maintained and upgraded. France has 58 nuclear reactors with a total capacity of 63.1 gigawatts and they generate the majority (72 percent) of France’s electricity. France is the world’s largest net exporter of electricity due to the low cost of its generation, and gains over €3 billion per year from these exports. Conclusion
The nuclear power industry lowered its costs and it is trying to compete in markets with natural gas generation and subsidized renewable power. However, it is finding that difficult and reactors are retiring despite their ability to produce electricity at relatively low costs and high capacity factors. Eliminating the Federal subsidies on renewable energy would help the industry to compete in these markets. Other countries are enjoying and even constructing additional nuclear reactors to supply reliable baseload power to their countries. Tags
Crystal River,
Diablo Canyon,
duane arnold,
early retirement,
Fort Calhoun,
France,
Illinois,
Indian Point nuclear plant,
Kewaunee,
natural gas,
New Jersey,
New York,
Nuclear,
nuclear energy,
nuclear power,
Oyster Creek,
san onofre,
three mile island,
vermont yankee
December 2018
U.S. Is Awash with Natural Gas and More Production Is on Its Way
January 2019
Carbon Tax Update, January 2019
| 3,959 | 5,405 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665431256#0_2440724997
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/petroleum/
|
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
|
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. Refinery Closures
Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
U.S. Import/Export History
Conclusion
Tags
IER to Markey: Greater transparency at Interior Dept. needed
|
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? By IER
“If we want to wean ourselves from foreign oil, why would we allow a pipeline to be built for 1,700 miles to manufacture petroleum products to be shipped overseas?” Reid told reporters after the weekly Senate Democratic policy lunch. “ That’s the purpose of this. ”[i]
What Harry Reid seems to be referring to is that in 2011, for the first time in 62 years, the United States was a net exporter of petroleum products [ii], exporting about 15 percent of the petroleum products the U.S. produced. Unfortunately, his statements show that he understands little about the U.S. petroleum industry and consumer petroleum demand. What Harry Reid is not telling the public is that the United States remains a net importer of crude oil and petroleum products.
| 0 | 859 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665431256#1_2440726509
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/petroleum/
|
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
|
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. Refinery Closures
Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
U.S. Import/Export History
Conclusion
Tags
IER to Markey: Greater transparency at Interior Dept. needed
|
Reid told reporters after the weekly Senate Democratic policy lunch. “ That’s the purpose of this. ”[i]
What Harry Reid seems to be referring to is that in 2011, for the first time in 62 years, the United States was a net exporter of petroleum products [ii], exporting about 15 percent of the petroleum products the U.S. produced. Unfortunately, his statements show that he understands little about the U.S. petroleum industry and consumer petroleum demand. What Harry Reid is not telling the public is that the United States remains a net importer of crude oil and petroleum products. Total imports of crude oil and petroleum products in 2011 were 4 times more than the petroleum products that were exported. In fact, the United States spent more than $433 billion on crude oil and petroleum imports in 2011, over $100 billion more than the $333 billion spent in 2010 and over 4 times the value of the petroleum we exported. Nevertheless, Senator Harry Reid suggests the purpose of importing Canadian oil via the proposed Keystone Pipeline is to export it in the form of petroleum products. Source: Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, Table 3.3b, http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/sec3_9.pdf
Source:
| 276 | 1,510 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665431256#2_2440728378
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/petroleum/
|
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
|
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. Refinery Closures
Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
U.S. Import/Export History
Conclusion
Tags
IER to Markey: Greater transparency at Interior Dept. needed
|
Total imports of crude oil and petroleum products in 2011 were 4 times more than the petroleum products that were exported. In fact, the United States spent more than $433 billion on crude oil and petroleum imports in 2011, over $100 billion more than the $333 billion spent in 2010 and over 4 times the value of the petroleum we exported. Nevertheless, Senator Harry Reid suggests the purpose of importing Canadian oil via the proposed Keystone Pipeline is to export it in the form of petroleum products. Source: Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, Table 3.3b, http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/sec3_9.pdf
Source: Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, Table 1.5,
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. petroleum demand took a nose dive beginning in 2008 primarily due to the recession. The petroleum industry has not been able to recoup that demand mainly due to a poor economy and high national unemployment. For example, one reason that gasoline demand is down is because Americans are driving less. According to a USA Today analysis of data from the Federal Highway Administration, Americans have been driving fewer miles every month since March, 2011. [ iii] “With the number of Americans unemployed or underemployed, you have a reduction in disposable income, fewer commutes, fewer shopping trips and leisure trips,” says Troy Green of AAA. [
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665431256#3_2440730424
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/petroleum/
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. Refinery Closures
Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
U.S. Import/Export History
Conclusion
Tags
IER to Markey: Greater transparency at Interior Dept. needed
|
Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, Table 1.5,
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. petroleum demand took a nose dive beginning in 2008 primarily due to the recession. The petroleum industry has not been able to recoup that demand mainly due to a poor economy and high national unemployment. For example, one reason that gasoline demand is down is because Americans are driving less. According to a USA Today analysis of data from the Federal Highway Administration, Americans have been driving fewer miles every month since March, 2011. [ iii] “With the number of Americans unemployed or underemployed, you have a reduction in disposable income, fewer commutes, fewer shopping trips and leisure trips,” says Troy Green of AAA. [ iv]
The demand for gasoline in the United States dropped by almost 6 percent from a peak of 9.3 million barrels a day in 2007 to 8.8 million barrels a day in 2011. [ v] While the recession is the major factor in the lower gasoline demand, other factors are the increase in vehicle fuel efficiency, higher gasoline prices, and the use of ethanol blended in gasoline. [ vi]
While oil production is up in the United States, it is not enough to preclude the need for imported crude oil. In fact, in 2011, the United States imported 4.1 billion barrels of crude oil and petroleum products, four times the amount it exported. But, we now get almost half of our net crude oil and petroleum imports from the Western Hemisphere, and half of that (or more than a quarter of the total) is from Canada.
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/petroleum/
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. Refinery Closures
Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
U.S. Import/Export History
Conclusion
Tags
IER to Markey: Greater transparency at Interior Dept. needed
|
iv]
The demand for gasoline in the United States dropped by almost 6 percent from a peak of 9.3 million barrels a day in 2007 to 8.8 million barrels a day in 2011. [ v] While the recession is the major factor in the lower gasoline demand, other factors are the increase in vehicle fuel efficiency, higher gasoline prices, and the use of ethanol blended in gasoline. [ vi]
While oil production is up in the United States, it is not enough to preclude the need for imported crude oil. In fact, in 2011, the United States imported 4.1 billion barrels of crude oil and petroleum products, four times the amount it exported. But, we now get almost half of our net crude oil and petroleum imports from the Western Hemisphere, and half of that (or more than a quarter of the total) is from Canada. In 2010, just 12 percent of our net imports came from Saudi Arabia, down from almost 19 percent in 1993. [ vii]
Why is the United States exporting some of the petroleum products it is producing? Because without those exports, the U.S. refining industry would not be able to survive the current slump in petroleum product demand and remain solvent to produce refined products in the future. In December 2011, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) calculated that a mere 5 percent of the price of a gallon of diesel went to refineries and an amazing -2 percent of the price of a gallon of gasoline. Yes, that is a minus 2 percent!
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/petroleum/
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
|
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. Refinery Closures
Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
U.S. Import/Export History
Conclusion
Tags
IER to Markey: Greater transparency at Interior Dept. needed
|
In 2010, just 12 percent of our net imports came from Saudi Arabia, down from almost 19 percent in 1993. [ vii]
Why is the United States exporting some of the petroleum products it is producing? Because without those exports, the U.S. refining industry would not be able to survive the current slump in petroleum product demand and remain solvent to produce refined products in the future. In December 2011, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) calculated that a mere 5 percent of the price of a gallon of diesel went to refineries and an amazing -2 percent of the price of a gallon of gasoline. Yes, that is a minus 2 percent! Of course these are only estimates of the four cost components of gasoline and diesel. But the majority of the price of gasoline (80 percent) and diesel (68 percent) is attributed to the cost of crude oil. Source: Energy Information Administration, http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/gasdiesel/
U.S. refineries need to be prepared in case the U.S. economy rebounds, raising the demand for petroleum products and the demand for crude oil imports. Currently, the United States has a market for its petroleum products due to the economic growth of emerging economies.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665431256#6_2440736469
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/petroleum/
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. Refinery Closures
Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
U.S. Import/Export History
Conclusion
Tags
IER to Markey: Greater transparency at Interior Dept. needed
|
Of course these are only estimates of the four cost components of gasoline and diesel. But the majority of the price of gasoline (80 percent) and diesel (68 percent) is attributed to the cost of crude oil. Source: Energy Information Administration, http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/gasdiesel/
U.S. refineries need to be prepared in case the U.S. economy rebounds, raising the demand for petroleum products and the demand for crude oil imports. Currently, the United States has a market for its petroleum products due to the economic growth of emerging economies. If these economies were to slip, the United States could lose those markets and be forced to remain solvent based solely on U.S. demand and prices. U.S. Refinery Closures
U.S. refiners are closing plants that have become uneconomic. These closures have dire implications for users of petroleum products in the United States. In recent years, refineries closed in Westville, New Jersey, and Yorktown, Virginia and this past December a large refinery in southeastern Pennsylvania and one in New Jersey were shuttered. [ viii] In Pennsylvania, Sunoco is trying to sell its Marcus Hook and South Philadelphia refineries, whose combined output is 500,000 barrels a day, or it will shutter the plants by July.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665431256#7_2440738350
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/petroleum/
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
|
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. Refinery Closures
Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
U.S. Import/Export History
Conclusion
Tags
IER to Markey: Greater transparency at Interior Dept. needed
|
If these economies were to slip, the United States could lose those markets and be forced to remain solvent based solely on U.S. demand and prices. U.S. Refinery Closures
U.S. refiners are closing plants that have become uneconomic. These closures have dire implications for users of petroleum products in the United States. In recent years, refineries closed in Westville, New Jersey, and Yorktown, Virginia and this past December a large refinery in southeastern Pennsylvania and one in New Jersey were shuttered. [ viii] In Pennsylvania, Sunoco is trying to sell its Marcus Hook and South Philadelphia refineries, whose combined output is 500,000 barrels a day, or it will shutter the plants by July. Since 2009, those plants have lost $772 million. Conoco Phillips is also planning to shutter a refinery that produces 185,000 barrels a day in Trainer, Pennsylvania if it cannot find a buyer. [ ix]
These refiners have been hit by weak demand because of slow economic growth, increased use of ethanol, and higher vehicle fuel efficiency. Between 2004 and 2011, demand for refined products in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states declined by 12 percent, with the largest decline in distillates, according to a study by Kevin Lindemar, a petroleum refining expert. According to Lindemar, east coast refinery closures together with one in the U.S. Virgin Islands (Hovensa) will reduce their output of refined products by about 1 million barrels a day between 2009 and 2012. [
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/petroleum/
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
|
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. Refinery Closures
Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
U.S. Import/Export History
Conclusion
Tags
IER to Markey: Greater transparency at Interior Dept. needed
|
Since 2009, those plants have lost $772 million. Conoco Phillips is also planning to shutter a refinery that produces 185,000 barrels a day in Trainer, Pennsylvania if it cannot find a buyer. [ ix]
These refiners have been hit by weak demand because of slow economic growth, increased use of ethanol, and higher vehicle fuel efficiency. Between 2004 and 2011, demand for refined products in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states declined by 12 percent, with the largest decline in distillates, according to a study by Kevin Lindemar, a petroleum refining expert. According to Lindemar, east coast refinery closures together with one in the U.S. Virgin Islands (Hovensa) will reduce their output of refined products by about 1 million barrels a day between 2009 and 2012. [ x]
The rated capacities of the refineries being closed total about 1.5 million barrels per day, but since these refineries are not running at capacity, the lost output is around 800,000 barrels per day. Besides closures of U.S. refineries, several European refineries, another source of gasoline to the United States, have recently closed or have been put on the market for sale. According to Lindemar, 11 European refineries have closed since 2009. Replacing the lost supply of gasoline is a lesser problem than replacing distillates — diesel and heating oil. Europe, who relies more on diesel than gasoline usually has a surplus of gasoline to sell to the United States, but because diesel is in tight supply in Europe, very little is imported into the United States.
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/petroleum/
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
|
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. Refinery Closures
Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
U.S. Import/Export History
Conclusion
Tags
IER to Markey: Greater transparency at Interior Dept. needed
|
x]
The rated capacities of the refineries being closed total about 1.5 million barrels per day, but since these refineries are not running at capacity, the lost output is around 800,000 barrels per day. Besides closures of U.S. refineries, several European refineries, another source of gasoline to the United States, have recently closed or have been put on the market for sale. According to Lindemar, 11 European refineries have closed since 2009. Replacing the lost supply of gasoline is a lesser problem than replacing distillates — diesel and heating oil. Europe, who relies more on diesel than gasoline usually has a surplus of gasoline to sell to the United States, but because diesel is in tight supply in Europe, very little is imported into the United States. Most diesel imports come to the United States from dedicated refineries in Canada. Attracting adequate supplies of diesel and heating oil to East Coast markets in the future may require a hefty price premium or shortages will result. The impact from the shuttered refineries will be felt first through increases in gas prices along the East Coast, particularly north of Washington DC. Some forecasters are predicting prices in the $4 to $5 a gallon price range. [ xi]
These refinery closures will mean higher prices and a loss of American jobs in a tough economy.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665431256#10_2440744568
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/petroleum/
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. Refinery Closures
Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
U.S. Import/Export History
Conclusion
Tags
IER to Markey: Greater transparency at Interior Dept. needed
|
Most diesel imports come to the United States from dedicated refineries in Canada. Attracting adequate supplies of diesel and heating oil to East Coast markets in the future may require a hefty price premium or shortages will result. The impact from the shuttered refineries will be felt first through increases in gas prices along the East Coast, particularly north of Washington DC. Some forecasters are predicting prices in the $4 to $5 a gallon price range. [ xi]
These refinery closures will mean higher prices and a loss of American jobs in a tough economy. Refiners must find additional markets if they are to survive. One way to keep those refineries operating is to export petroleum products. Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
In November 2011, Mexico and Canada imported a combined 33 percent of U.S. petroleum product exports: the United States exported 21.6 percent to Mexico and 11.5 percent to Canada. Over the past 5 years, Mexico’s net petroleum imports from the United States rose by about two-thirds.
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/petroleum/
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
|
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. Refinery Closures
Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
U.S. Import/Export History
Conclusion
Tags
IER to Markey: Greater transparency at Interior Dept. needed
|
Refiners must find additional markets if they are to survive. One way to keep those refineries operating is to export petroleum products. Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
In November 2011, Mexico and Canada imported a combined 33 percent of U.S. petroleum product exports: the United States exported 21.6 percent to Mexico and 11.5 percent to Canada. Over the past 5 years, Mexico’s net petroleum imports from the United States rose by about two-thirds. Because Mexican refineries are having a tough time keeping pace with gasoline demand, the country buys over 60 percent of the gasoline that the United States exports. [ xii]
Brazil is also a major purchaser of U.S. petroleum product exports. In 2006, the United States was a net importer of petroleum products from Brazil, but last year a net 106,000 barrels a day were sent from the United States to Brazil. Argentina and Peru are also net importers of petroleum products from the United States. [ xiii]
Outside of North and South America, China, Japan, Singapore, and various European countries are also buyers of U.S. petroleum products.
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/petroleum/
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
|
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. Refinery Closures
Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
U.S. Import/Export History
Conclusion
Tags
IER to Markey: Greater transparency at Interior Dept. needed
|
Because Mexican refineries are having a tough time keeping pace with gasoline demand, the country buys over 60 percent of the gasoline that the United States exports. [ xii]
Brazil is also a major purchaser of U.S. petroleum product exports. In 2006, the United States was a net importer of petroleum products from Brazil, but last year a net 106,000 barrels a day were sent from the United States to Brazil. Argentina and Peru are also net importers of petroleum products from the United States. [ xiii]
Outside of North and South America, China, Japan, Singapore, and various European countries are also buyers of U.S. petroleum products. Conventional gasoline, low-sulfur diesel, petroleum coke, and residual fuel are the largest components of petroleum product exports from the United States. Petroleum coke is used in making steel. Source: Energy Information Administration, http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=MTTEXUS2&f=M and http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=MTTIMUS2&f=M
U.S. Import/Export History
The United States is not new to exporting petroleum products. The United States was a net exporter of petroleum products for decades through World War II, with sales reaching a high of 126 million barrels in 1944.
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/petroleum/
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
|
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. Refinery Closures
Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
U.S. Import/Export History
Conclusion
Tags
IER to Markey: Greater transparency at Interior Dept. needed
|
Conventional gasoline, low-sulfur diesel, petroleum coke, and residual fuel are the largest components of petroleum product exports from the United States. Petroleum coke is used in making steel. Source: Energy Information Administration, http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=MTTEXUS2&f=M and http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=MTTIMUS2&f=M
U.S. Import/Export History
The United States is not new to exporting petroleum products. The United States was a net exporter of petroleum products for decades through World War II, with sales reaching a high of 126 million barrels in 1944. In 1950, the United States became a net importer with net imports peaking at about a billion barrels in 1973, the year of the Arab oil embargo. Net imports fell off in the 1980s and 1990s and spiked in the middle of the last decade. [ xiv]
Conclusion
The United States has become a net exporter of petroleum products for the first time in 62 years due to lower U.S. petroleum demand and thriving markets in emerging nations, many of which are in North and South America. The markets for petroleum products could shift at any time due to economic changes in the United States and/or in emerging economies. Regardless, U.S. refineries need to be in operation and ready to fulfill those demands.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665431256#14_2440751790
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/petroleum/
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Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story? - IER
|
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
Petroleum Imports and Exports: What’s the Story?
U.S. Petroleum Demand, Production, and Imports
U.S. Refinery Closures
Who Benefits from U.S. Petroleum Product Exports
U.S. Import/Export History
Conclusion
Tags
IER to Markey: Greater transparency at Interior Dept. needed
|
In 1950, the United States became a net importer with net imports peaking at about a billion barrels in 1973, the year of the Arab oil embargo. Net imports fell off in the 1980s and 1990s and spiked in the middle of the last decade. [ xiv]
Conclusion
The United States has become a net exporter of petroleum products for the first time in 62 years due to lower U.S. petroleum demand and thriving markets in emerging nations, many of which are in North and South America. The markets for petroleum products could shift at any time due to economic changes in the United States and/or in emerging economies. Regardless, U.S. refineries need to be in operation and ready to fulfill those demands. Closures of refineries due to lack of U.S. demand will only mean higher prices in the future and fewer jobs for Americans. Some politicians want the public to believe that the Keystone pipeline is to make refiners rich from exporting petroleum products, but that is a far cry from the truth, when their price share of a gallon of gasoline, according to EIA, is in the negative. Refinery exports are currently keeping the lights on at refineries in the United States so they can survive until a time when the
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665444448#0_2440753610
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/renewable-energy/
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Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies - IER
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Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies
Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies
Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)
The University of Chicago Study
State Activity
Conclusion
Tags
The Money Behind the Green Curtain
Jones Act Waiver Would Set U.S. LNG Free
|
Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies - IER
IER
. Commentary
Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies
By IER
Many U.S. states have renewable portfolio standards that require a certain percentage of electricity to come from renewable sources, mostly wind and solar power. These mandates are supposed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and while they do, a recent study found that they are a very costly means to do so. Researchers at the University of Chicago found, among other things, that the effective price per ton of carbon dioxide emissions reduced ranges between $130 and $460. Researchers at the University of Chicago found, among other things, that the effective price per ton of carbon dioxide emissions reduced ranges between $130 and $460, dwarfing even the harshest of carbon tax proposals. The study also showed that consumers have paid $125 billion more for electricity as a result of renewable mandates seven years after passage of the policy. Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)
A renewable portfolio standard is a regulation that requires the increased production of electricity from renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, biomass and geothermal. Another name for the concept is Renewable Electricity Standard. The mandate places an obligation on electricity supply companies to produce a specified fraction of their electricity from renewable energy sources. Renewable portfolio standards have been enacted by 29 states and the District of Columbia.
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/renewable-energy/
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Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies - IER
|
Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies
Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies
Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)
The University of Chicago Study
State Activity
Conclusion
Tags
The Money Behind the Green Curtain
Jones Act Waiver Would Set U.S. LNG Free
|
The study also showed that consumers have paid $125 billion more for electricity as a result of renewable mandates seven years after passage of the policy. Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)
A renewable portfolio standard is a regulation that requires the increased production of electricity from renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, biomass and geothermal. Another name for the concept is Renewable Electricity Standard. The mandate places an obligation on electricity supply companies to produce a specified fraction of their electricity from renewable energy sources. Renewable portfolio standards have been enacted by 29 states and the District of Columbia. Puerto Rico recently passed a 100 percent renewable mandate. Source: The University of Chicago
The University of Chicago Study
The university researchers compiled a data set on RPS program characteristics and key outcomes covering 1990 to 2015, and compared that data for states that did and did not adopt RPS policies, taking into account the different years of enactment of the policy. The study estimated the impacts of the RPS policies on electricity prices, electricity consumption, renewable penetration, carbon dioxide emissions, and economic activity. The researchers found that RPS programs significantly increase average retail electricity prices, with average prices increasing by 11 percent (1.3 cents per kilowatt hour) seven years after the policy’s passage into law and 17 percent (2 cents per kilowatt hour) twelve years after the policy’s passage into law.
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/renewable-energy/
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Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies - IER
|
Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies
Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies
Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)
The University of Chicago Study
State Activity
Conclusion
Tags
The Money Behind the Green Curtain
Jones Act Waiver Would Set U.S. LNG Free
|
Puerto Rico recently passed a 100 percent renewable mandate. Source: The University of Chicago
The University of Chicago Study
The university researchers compiled a data set on RPS program characteristics and key outcomes covering 1990 to 2015, and compared that data for states that did and did not adopt RPS policies, taking into account the different years of enactment of the policy. The study estimated the impacts of the RPS policies on electricity prices, electricity consumption, renewable penetration, carbon dioxide emissions, and economic activity. The researchers found that RPS programs significantly increase average retail electricity prices, with average prices increasing by 11 percent (1.3 cents per kilowatt hour) seven years after the policy’s passage into law and 17 percent (2 cents per kilowatt hour) twelve years after the policy’s passage into law. Consumers in the 29 states paid $125.2 billion more for electricity than they would have in the absence of the policy seven years from passage. The researchers also found that seven years after adoption of an RPS program, the required renewable share of generation is 1.8 percentage points higher, and at twelve years after adoption, the required renewable share of generation is 4.2 percentage points higher than it would be without the RPS programs. The increased renewable generation results in reduced carbon intensity of the electricity grid in the states with RPS programs. By increasing the share of renewable generation, the states with an RPS policy saved 95 to 175 million tons of carbon emissions seven years after the start of the programs. But, the researchers found that the cost of abating carbon dioxide emissions through an RPS policy is over $130 per metric ton of carbon dioxide and as much as $460 per metric ton of carbon dioxide.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665444448#3_2440760242
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/renewable-energy/
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Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies - IER
|
Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies
Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies
Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)
The University of Chicago Study
State Activity
Conclusion
Tags
The Money Behind the Green Curtain
Jones Act Waiver Would Set U.S. LNG Free
|
Consumers in the 29 states paid $125.2 billion more for electricity than they would have in the absence of the policy seven years from passage. The researchers also found that seven years after adoption of an RPS program, the required renewable share of generation is 1.8 percentage points higher, and at twelve years after adoption, the required renewable share of generation is 4.2 percentage points higher than it would be without the RPS programs. The increased renewable generation results in reduced carbon intensity of the electricity grid in the states with RPS programs. By increasing the share of renewable generation, the states with an RPS policy saved 95 to 175 million tons of carbon emissions seven years after the start of the programs. But, the researchers found that the cost of abating carbon dioxide emissions through an RPS policy is over $130 per metric ton of carbon dioxide and as much as $460 per metric ton of carbon dioxide. These costs are several times higher than estimates of the social cost of carbon used by the Obama Administration, which in today’s dollars would be about $50 per ton. They are also much higher than the $5 used in the northeast’s Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) and the $15 in California’s cap-and-trade system. These lower carbon prices, however, may be too low to actually change behavior and reduce emissions. The Chicago University study differs from most studies that evaluated RPS programs because the latter studies examined only the differences in the costs of generation between renewable technologies and traditional generating technologies. Those studies did not incorporate the following three major costs that the addition of renewable resources impose on the electricity system:
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/renewable-energy/
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Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies - IER
|
Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies
Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies
Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)
The University of Chicago Study
State Activity
Conclusion
Tags
The Money Behind the Green Curtain
Jones Act Waiver Would Set U.S. LNG Free
|
These costs are several times higher than estimates of the social cost of carbon used by the Obama Administration, which in today’s dollars would be about $50 per ton. They are also much higher than the $5 used in the northeast’s Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) and the $15 in California’s cap-and-trade system. These lower carbon prices, however, may be too low to actually change behavior and reduce emissions. The Chicago University study differs from most studies that evaluated RPS programs because the latter studies examined only the differences in the costs of generation between renewable technologies and traditional generating technologies. Those studies did not incorporate the following three major costs that the addition of renewable resources impose on the electricity system: The intermittent nature of renewables that require back-up capacity,
The substantial additional transmission capacity that renewables require because they take up a great deal of physical space, are geographically dispersed and are frequently located away from population centers, and
The baseload generation that is prematurely displaced, imposing costs on ratepayers and owners of capital, when renewable capacity is built during times of adequate supply of generating capacity. State Activity
Despite these results, at least six states, including New Mexico, New York and Arizona, have recently increased their renewable mandates, and more than a dozen others are considering similar moves. In mid-April, lawmakers in Nevada passed a bill to double their RPS to 50 percent by 2030. Maryland legislators approved a similar bill a week earlier. Minnesota and New York are both considering bills that would require all electricity come from carbon-free generation in future decades, which have already been enacted in Hawaii, California, Nevada and Washington DC.
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/renewable-energy/
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Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies - IER
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Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies
Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies
Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)
The University of Chicago Study
State Activity
Conclusion
Tags
The Money Behind the Green Curtain
Jones Act Waiver Would Set U.S. LNG Free
|
The intermittent nature of renewables that require back-up capacity,
The substantial additional transmission capacity that renewables require because they take up a great deal of physical space, are geographically dispersed and are frequently located away from population centers, and
The baseload generation that is prematurely displaced, imposing costs on ratepayers and owners of capital, when renewable capacity is built during times of adequate supply of generating capacity. State Activity
Despite these results, at least six states, including New Mexico, New York and Arizona, have recently increased their renewable mandates, and more than a dozen others are considering similar moves. In mid-April, lawmakers in Nevada passed a bill to double their RPS to 50 percent by 2030. Maryland legislators approved a similar bill a week earlier. Minnesota and New York are both considering bills that would require all electricity come from carbon-free generation in future decades, which have already been enacted in Hawaii, California, Nevada and Washington DC. Source: Energy Information Administration
Conclusion
Renewable Portfolio Standards have increased electricity prices and lowered the carbon intensity of the states that have enacted them. However, the cost of reducing carbon dioxide emissions in those states is very expensive in the order of hundreds of dollars per metric ton of carbon dioxide reduced. In many of those states, there was no need to even construct additional power plants because existing electric capacity was sufficient to meet demand. It could be said that in such places, political decisions have treated electricity as a luxury product, even though to consumers it is necessary for everyday life, regardless of its source.
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/renewable-energy/
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Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies - IER
|
Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies
Renewable Energy Mandates Are Costly Climate Policies
Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)
The University of Chicago Study
State Activity
Conclusion
Tags
The Money Behind the Green Curtain
Jones Act Waiver Would Set U.S. LNG Free
|
Source: Energy Information Administration
Conclusion
Renewable Portfolio Standards have increased electricity prices and lowered the carbon intensity of the states that have enacted them. However, the cost of reducing carbon dioxide emissions in those states is very expensive in the order of hundreds of dollars per metric ton of carbon dioxide reduced. In many of those states, there was no need to even construct additional power plants because existing electric capacity was sufficient to meet demand. It could be said that in such places, political decisions have treated electricity as a luxury product, even though to consumers it is necessary for everyday life, regardless of its source. Clearly, renewable portfolio standards are not in the best interests of consumers, raising their electric rates and paying dearly for reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. Tags
renewable energy capacity,
Renewable energy mandates,
renewable energy subsidies,
Renewable Portfolio Standard,
Solar subsidies,
wind subsidies
April 2019
The Money Behind the Green Curtain
April 2019
Jones Act Waiver Would Set U.S. LNG Free
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/solar/
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Solar Energy's Duck Curve - IER
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Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Description of California’s ‘Duck Curve’
Hawaii Is Already Confronting Its ‘Duck Curve’
Opposition and Solutions to the “Duck Curve’
Conclusion
Tags
EPA’s Power Plant Rule to Cost At Least $366 Billion
New Focus on “Co-Benefits” Reveals Huge Flaw in Carbon Tax Case
|
Solar Energy's Duck Curve - IER
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
By IER
Intermittent renewable generating technologies (i.e. wind and solar) are causing havoc with electric grid operations because these technologies cannot be controlled by the operators of the electricity grid due to the fact that their generation depends on the wind blowing and the sun shining. Thus, the independent system operator in charge of running the grid must be ready to either drive down the generation of traditional technologies (i.e. natural gas and coal) when intermittent renewable generating capacity starts producing power or ramp up generation from more reliable technologies when intermittent renewable generating capacity shuts down. This means that the independent system operator needs an arsenal of flexible generating technologies to come to the rescue in order for electric consumers to receive electricity at the touch of a switch as they have been accustomed to. Some countries, such as Germany, have built such a great deal of intermittent renewable generating capacity that their traditional generating technologies are not bringing in enough revenue to survive, which means either consumers will need to make adjustments regarding how they use electricity or government regulators will need to make adjustments regarding how electricity is priced to pay for the flexibility needed. Regardless, electric customers should expect changes in the future—either in price or in availability of electricity—or both—to deal with the increased advent of intermittent renewable generation. IER has discussed this issue with respect to wind power whose construction largely preceded solar power due to its lower cost. But, now system operators are preparing for the advent of increased solar power and its potential havoc on the grid, including solar on residential rooftops and businesses. Description of California’s ‘Duck Curve’
The California Independent System Operator (ISO) has developed a ‘duck curve’ to describe how massive amounts of customer-sited photovoltaic systems could cause problems to the state’s supply-demand balance on its electricity grid. It provides a scenario of a sunny day where distributed photovoltaic generation pulls down non-solar electricity demand to extremely low levels at midday when the sun is at its hottest and distributed photovoltaic generation is at a high. That is, the state’s non-solar generating capacities must reduce their production to inefficient lows when the energy supply at the “belly” of the duck from solar distributed generation is at its highest. (
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/solar/
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Solar Energy's Duck Curve - IER
|
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Description of California’s ‘Duck Curve’
Hawaii Is Already Confronting Its ‘Duck Curve’
Opposition and Solutions to the “Duck Curve’
Conclusion
Tags
EPA’s Power Plant Rule to Cost At Least $366 Billion
New Focus on “Co-Benefits” Reveals Huge Flaw in Carbon Tax Case
|
IER has discussed this issue with respect to wind power whose construction largely preceded solar power due to its lower cost. But, now system operators are preparing for the advent of increased solar power and its potential havoc on the grid, including solar on residential rooftops and businesses. Description of California’s ‘Duck Curve’
The California Independent System Operator (ISO) has developed a ‘duck curve’ to describe how massive amounts of customer-sited photovoltaic systems could cause problems to the state’s supply-demand balance on its electricity grid. It provides a scenario of a sunny day where distributed photovoltaic generation pulls down non-solar electricity demand to extremely low levels at midday when the sun is at its hottest and distributed photovoltaic generation is at a high. That is, the state’s non-solar generating capacities must reduce their production to inefficient lows when the energy supply at the “belly” of the duck from solar distributed generation is at its highest. ( See graph below.) Later in the day when solar generation is declining and California residents are coming home from work and turning on their appliances, electricity demand ramps up dramatically, which requires flexible generation capacity to come on-line very quickly to meet it. The California ISO is worried that the “neck” of the duck curve could overwhelm the state’s available generating capacity. [ i]
More specifically, the figure shows a net load curve for the March 31 for years 2012 through 2020. This curve shows the megawatts the system operator must follow on the y axis over the different hours of the day shown on the x axis.
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/solar/
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Solar Energy's Duck Curve - IER
|
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Description of California’s ‘Duck Curve’
Hawaii Is Already Confronting Its ‘Duck Curve’
Opposition and Solutions to the “Duck Curve’
Conclusion
Tags
EPA’s Power Plant Rule to Cost At Least $366 Billion
New Focus on “Co-Benefits” Reveals Huge Flaw in Carbon Tax Case
|
See graph below.) Later in the day when solar generation is declining and California residents are coming home from work and turning on their appliances, electricity demand ramps up dramatically, which requires flexible generation capacity to come on-line very quickly to meet it. The California ISO is worried that the “neck” of the duck curve could overwhelm the state’s available generating capacity. [ i]
More specifically, the figure shows a net load curve for the March 31 for years 2012 through 2020. This curve shows the megawatts the system operator must follow on the y axis over the different hours of the day shown on the x axis. There are several distinct ramp periods. A ramp in the downward direction occurs after the sun comes up around 7:00 a.m. when on-line conventional generation is replaced by solar generation (producing the belly of the duck). As the sun sets starting around 4:00 p.m., and solar generation ends, the system operator must dispatch resources that can meet the most significant daily ramp (the arch of the duck’s neck). Immediately following this steep 13,000 megawatt ramp up, as demand on the system deceases into the evening hours, the system operator must reduce or shut down generation to meet the downward ramp. Source:
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/solar/
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Solar Energy's Duck Curve - IER
|
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Description of California’s ‘Duck Curve’
Hawaii Is Already Confronting Its ‘Duck Curve’
Opposition and Solutions to the “Duck Curve’
Conclusion
Tags
EPA’s Power Plant Rule to Cost At Least $366 Billion
New Focus on “Co-Benefits” Reveals Huge Flaw in Carbon Tax Case
|
There are several distinct ramp periods. A ramp in the downward direction occurs after the sun comes up around 7:00 a.m. when on-line conventional generation is replaced by solar generation (producing the belly of the duck). As the sun sets starting around 4:00 p.m., and solar generation ends, the system operator must dispatch resources that can meet the most significant daily ramp (the arch of the duck’s neck). Immediately following this steep 13,000 megawatt ramp up, as demand on the system deceases into the evening hours, the system operator must reduce or shut down generation to meet the downward ramp. Source: http://www.utilitydive.com/news/the-epic-fail-on-solars-doorstepand-how-the-grid-can-help/324411/
California has more than 170,000 distributed solar systems connected to the grid. Photovoltaic plants of 1 megawatt or larger are monitored and metered by the system operator; the smaller systems, which comprise nearly 90 percent of connected distributed generation capacity in California, are not. At the end of 2012, customer solar photovoltaic capacity totaled 1,785 megawatts. California has a project that is simulating the output every half hour from these photovoltaic systems so the system operator can manage its hour-by-hour power supply-demand balance. [
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/solar/
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Solar Energy's Duck Curve - IER
|
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Description of California’s ‘Duck Curve’
Hawaii Is Already Confronting Its ‘Duck Curve’
Opposition and Solutions to the “Duck Curve’
Conclusion
Tags
EPA’s Power Plant Rule to Cost At Least $366 Billion
New Focus on “Co-Benefits” Reveals Huge Flaw in Carbon Tax Case
|
http://www.utilitydive.com/news/the-epic-fail-on-solars-doorstepand-how-the-grid-can-help/324411/
California has more than 170,000 distributed solar systems connected to the grid. Photovoltaic plants of 1 megawatt or larger are monitored and metered by the system operator; the smaller systems, which comprise nearly 90 percent of connected distributed generation capacity in California, are not. At the end of 2012, customer solar photovoltaic capacity totaled 1,785 megawatts. California has a project that is simulating the output every half hour from these photovoltaic systems so the system operator can manage its hour-by-hour power supply-demand balance. [ ii]
Hawaii Is Already Confronting Its ‘Duck Curve’
California is not the only state that is facing the solar ‘duck curve’. Hawaii’s isolated and solar photovoltaic-rich grid is already seeing some days when non-solar demand drops below zero because of the amount of solar power being put onto the grid, which the state’s utilities and regulators have called the “Nessie curve” after the Loch Ness monster. [ iii]
The chart below represents typical circuits on Hawaii’s island of Oahu, where incentives have resulted in a huge increase in distributed solar photovoltaic energy. Ten percent of the island’s customers have rooftop photovoltaic panels, totaling 29,558 systems with a nameplate generating capacity of 221 megawatts. At mid-day, rooftop solar photovoltaic energy supply exceeds the energy demand on those circuits, then a steep upward curve results as the solar energy declines and late afternoon demand increases.
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/solar/
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Solar Energy's Duck Curve - IER
|
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Description of California’s ‘Duck Curve’
Hawaii Is Already Confronting Its ‘Duck Curve’
Opposition and Solutions to the “Duck Curve’
Conclusion
Tags
EPA’s Power Plant Rule to Cost At Least $366 Billion
New Focus on “Co-Benefits” Reveals Huge Flaw in Carbon Tax Case
|
ii]
Hawaii Is Already Confronting Its ‘Duck Curve’
California is not the only state that is facing the solar ‘duck curve’. Hawaii’s isolated and solar photovoltaic-rich grid is already seeing some days when non-solar demand drops below zero because of the amount of solar power being put onto the grid, which the state’s utilities and regulators have called the “Nessie curve” after the Loch Ness monster. [ iii]
The chart below represents typical circuits on Hawaii’s island of Oahu, where incentives have resulted in a huge increase in distributed solar photovoltaic energy. Ten percent of the island’s customers have rooftop photovoltaic panels, totaling 29,558 systems with a nameplate generating capacity of 221 megawatts. At mid-day, rooftop solar photovoltaic energy supply exceeds the energy demand on those circuits, then a steep upward curve results as the solar energy declines and late afternoon demand increases. Source: http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/hawaiis-solar-grid-landscape-and-the-nessie-curve
The effect that distributed solar has had on Hawaii’s load curve is demonstrated by the graph below, which tracks changes from 2010 to 2013 on an average transformer loading. On one peak day in August, the system experienced a back feed condition, not just on some individual circuits, but across the entire system. Source: http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/hawaiis-solar-grid-landscape-and-the-nessie-curve
Hawaii has had to manage large penetrations of customer-owned generation, which is outside the control of the electric utility company and puts a burden on its electric grid operators.
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/solar/
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Solar Energy's Duck Curve - IER
|
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Description of California’s ‘Duck Curve’
Hawaii Is Already Confronting Its ‘Duck Curve’
Opposition and Solutions to the “Duck Curve’
Conclusion
Tags
EPA’s Power Plant Rule to Cost At Least $366 Billion
New Focus on “Co-Benefits” Reveals Huge Flaw in Carbon Tax Case
|
Source: http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/hawaiis-solar-grid-landscape-and-the-nessie-curve
The effect that distributed solar has had on Hawaii’s load curve is demonstrated by the graph below, which tracks changes from 2010 to 2013 on an average transformer loading. On one peak day in August, the system experienced a back feed condition, not just on some individual circuits, but across the entire system. Source: http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/hawaiis-solar-grid-landscape-and-the-nessie-curve
Hawaii has had to manage large penetrations of customer-owned generation, which is outside the control of the electric utility company and puts a burden on its electric grid operators. To deal with the issue, the Hawaiian electric utility company, HECO, has adopted additional interconnection requirements for its systems including small-scale rooftop solar photovoltaic systems. The utility is planning to deploy smart meters, which would provide more data to help guide day-to-day grid management decisions and is investing in weather forecasting systems and distributed energy analysis and management technology. It is also installing grid-scale battery systems, incorporating demand response, and taking other steps to manage the solar challenge. Opposition and Solutions to the “Duck Curve’
Opponents of seeing the duck curve as a problem indicate that it assumes a worst case situation. It assumes that consumers do not adjust to prices and incentives.
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/solar/
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Solar Energy's Duck Curve - IER
|
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Description of California’s ‘Duck Curve’
Hawaii Is Already Confronting Its ‘Duck Curve’
Opposition and Solutions to the “Duck Curve’
Conclusion
Tags
EPA’s Power Plant Rule to Cost At Least $366 Billion
New Focus on “Co-Benefits” Reveals Huge Flaw in Carbon Tax Case
|
To deal with the issue, the Hawaiian electric utility company, HECO, has adopted additional interconnection requirements for its systems including small-scale rooftop solar photovoltaic systems. The utility is planning to deploy smart meters, which would provide more data to help guide day-to-day grid management decisions and is investing in weather forecasting systems and distributed energy analysis and management technology. It is also installing grid-scale battery systems, incorporating demand response, and taking other steps to manage the solar challenge. Opposition and Solutions to the “Duck Curve’
Opponents of seeing the duck curve as a problem indicate that it assumes a worst case situation. It assumes that consumers do not adjust to prices and incentives. It does not take into account time-of-use pricing that is being rolled out in California, the energy efficiency to come from new building codes and programs, or the potential for demand response to automatically adjust household or commercial building energy use to meet the needs of the grid. But, system operators must look at worst case scenarios to ensure proper operation of the grid 24 hours a day- 7 days a week- to provide electric customers the reliability that they are accustomed to. Various strategies are being analyzed to deal with the situation, but they would require significant changes to the way utilities and consumers interact. For example, demand reduction and load control programs which are typically triggered only during the hottest peak summer days would need to be used during the late afternoon/early evening “ramp” times represented by the duck curve. Another strategy orients solar panels from south to west, where they would capture more late afternoon sunlight, but forego producing greater overall electric generation. [
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/solar/
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Solar Energy's Duck Curve - IER
|
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Description of California’s ‘Duck Curve’
Hawaii Is Already Confronting Its ‘Duck Curve’
Opposition and Solutions to the “Duck Curve’
Conclusion
Tags
EPA’s Power Plant Rule to Cost At Least $366 Billion
New Focus on “Co-Benefits” Reveals Huge Flaw in Carbon Tax Case
|
It does not take into account time-of-use pricing that is being rolled out in California, the energy efficiency to come from new building codes and programs, or the potential for demand response to automatically adjust household or commercial building energy use to meet the needs of the grid. But, system operators must look at worst case scenarios to ensure proper operation of the grid 24 hours a day- 7 days a week- to provide electric customers the reliability that they are accustomed to. Various strategies are being analyzed to deal with the situation, but they would require significant changes to the way utilities and consumers interact. For example, demand reduction and load control programs which are typically triggered only during the hottest peak summer days would need to be used during the late afternoon/early evening “ramp” times represented by the duck curve. Another strategy orients solar panels from south to west, where they would capture more late afternoon sunlight, but forego producing greater overall electric generation. [ iv]
Since the federal investment tax credit is scheduled to drop from 30 percent to 10 percent at the end of 2016, a solar boom is expected in the next 2 years. With larger amounts of solar energy comes a larger problem of over generation. Some believe that curtailment of renewable generation may be necessary to manage the over generation issue. The worry is that if banks and investors think that system operators would curtail output severely, they may no longer want to take the risk of financing these projects. [ v]
Conclusion
The advent of financial and mandated incentives for increased renewable energy has brought with it unexpected grid-related problems as intermittent renewable generation has increased to more measurable levels.
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/solar/
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Solar Energy's Duck Curve - IER
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Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Solar Energy’s Duck Curve
Description of California’s ‘Duck Curve’
Hawaii Is Already Confronting Its ‘Duck Curve’
Opposition and Solutions to the “Duck Curve’
Conclusion
Tags
EPA’s Power Plant Rule to Cost At Least $366 Billion
New Focus on “Co-Benefits” Reveals Huge Flaw in Carbon Tax Case
|
iv]
Since the federal investment tax credit is scheduled to drop from 30 percent to 10 percent at the end of 2016, a solar boom is expected in the next 2 years. With larger amounts of solar energy comes a larger problem of over generation. Some believe that curtailment of renewable generation may be necessary to manage the over generation issue. The worry is that if banks and investors think that system operators would curtail output severely, they may no longer want to take the risk of financing these projects. [ v]
Conclusion
The advent of financial and mandated incentives for increased renewable energy has brought with it unexpected grid-related problems as intermittent renewable generation has increased to more measurable levels. California’s mandate of 33 percent of retail electricity from renewable energy by 2020 and Hawaii’s mandate of 40 percent of electricity generated from renewable sources by 2030 along with federal and state financial incentives have pushed the levels of these more expensive renewable sources where they are raising havoc with electric grid operations. The independent system operators are working on the issue so that consumers can still expect to have electricity on demand. But, it may mean changes to the way consumers use electricity or how much they pay for it to have the flexibility and reliability that they have historically enjoyed. [i] California ISO, What the duck curve tells us about managing a green grid, http://www.caiso.com/Documents/FlexibleResourcesHelpRenewables_FastFacts.pdf
[ii] Green Tech, Transforming Rooftop Solar from Invisible Threat to Predictable Resource, October 31, 2013, http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/Turning-Rooftop-Solar-from-Invisible-Threat-to-Predictable-Resource
[iii] Green Tech, Hawaii’s Solar-Grid Landscape and the ‘Nessie Curve’, February 10, 2014, http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/hawaiis-solar-grid-landscape-and-the-nessie-curve
[iv] Green Tech, Retired CPUC Commissioner Takes Aim at CASIO’s Duck Curve, Ma
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California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy - IER
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California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy
California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy
Tags
PYLE: 125 years later, wind power still needs a subsidy
Cronyism Nevada-style: Harry Reid's Anti Coal Agenda Benefits His Son
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California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy - IER
California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy
By Daniel Simmons
California has long been a leader in promoting wind and other renewables to power the electricity grid. Recently, California has gone even further and in 2011, Gov. Jerry Brown signed a law to force an increase in the amount of renewables utilities must use to 33 percent of the state’s electricity by 2020. Currently, the state is experiencing a stressed electricity grid because of high demand and because some nuclear and natural gas plants are offline. Mandated renewable energy is proving itself incapable of filling the void. This situation show how little actual value wind, solar and other politically correct renewables have in the real world work of supplying people with electricity when they need and want it. California is currently experiencing a “ flex alert ” which strongly urges Californians to use less electricity. According to the California ISO, the operator of the region’s power grid, it is “critical” to conserve electricity today to make sure there aren’t blackouts. Here’s the graphic representing the alert:
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California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy - IER
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California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy
California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy
Tags
PYLE: 125 years later, wind power still needs a subsidy
Cronyism Nevada-style: Harry Reid's Anti Coal Agenda Benefits His Son
|
Mandated renewable energy is proving itself incapable of filling the void. This situation show how little actual value wind, solar and other politically correct renewables have in the real world work of supplying people with electricity when they need and want it. California is currently experiencing a “ flex alert ” which strongly urges Californians to use less electricity. According to the California ISO, the operator of the region’s power grid, it is “critical” to conserve electricity today to make sure there aren’t blackouts. Here’s the graphic representing the alert: Because California is rushing headlong toward more and more renewables in the electricity grid it is important to look at how renewables are contributing to keeping the electricity grid stable. For example, California has 4.297 gigawatts of installed wind capacity which could really help California balance the grid if the wind blew at the right times (spoiler alert—the wind doesn’t blow at the right times). The first chart below shows the supply and demand for August 9, 2012 in the California ISO electrical grid. The actual demand is in blue and the available generation is in orange. The second chart shows the renewable generation in California at that time.
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/wind/
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California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy - IER
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California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy
California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy
Tags
PYLE: 125 years later, wind power still needs a subsidy
Cronyism Nevada-style: Harry Reid's Anti Coal Agenda Benefits His Son
|
Because California is rushing headlong toward more and more renewables in the electricity grid it is important to look at how renewables are contributing to keeping the electricity grid stable. For example, California has 4.297 gigawatts of installed wind capacity which could really help California balance the grid if the wind blew at the right times (spoiler alert—the wind doesn’t blow at the right times). The first chart below shows the supply and demand for August 9, 2012 in the California ISO electrical grid. The actual demand is in blue and the available generation is in orange. The second chart shows the renewable generation in California at that time. There are some very important things to note with respect to the renewable generation. Wind’s production peaked just before 1 am, when electricity demand was dropping as people went to bed and nighttime temperatures reduced the need for air conditioning. At the time, wind was producing 6 percent of California’s electricity, but after 1 am, wind began to falter and wind production fell by 90 percent by 11 am. At that time, wind was producing less than 100 megawatts of electricity—a mere 0.2 percent of the electricity in California. This shows how wind fails to produce electricity when needed most.
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California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy - IER
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California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy
California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy
Tags
PYLE: 125 years later, wind power still needs a subsidy
Cronyism Nevada-style: Harry Reid's Anti Coal Agenda Benefits His Son
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There are some very important things to note with respect to the renewable generation. Wind’s production peaked just before 1 am, when electricity demand was dropping as people went to bed and nighttime temperatures reduced the need for air conditioning. At the time, wind was producing 6 percent of California’s electricity, but after 1 am, wind began to falter and wind production fell by 90 percent by 11 am. At that time, wind was producing less than 100 megawatts of electricity—a mere 0.2 percent of the electricity in California. This shows how wind fails to produce electricity when needed most. At 11 am, as electricity demand was rapidly increasing and electricity producing was needed most, wind was at a low ebb. Fortuitously, wind production increased in the afternoon, but by 5:30 pm, wind was only producing a little more than 1 percent of California’s total electricity. Solar helped meet demand more than wind, because solar has the advantage of producing electricity when the sun is shining and households are using more power. But even solar failed to produce much electricity during the period of highest demand, producing just 2 percent of the state’s electricity at its peak. Solar production peaked at nearly 1 gigawatt at 11 am and continued to produce about 1 gigawatt until 3 pm.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665462648#4_2440800200
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/wind/
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California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy - IER
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California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy
California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy
Tags
PYLE: 125 years later, wind power still needs a subsidy
Cronyism Nevada-style: Harry Reid's Anti Coal Agenda Benefits His Son
|
At 11 am, as electricity demand was rapidly increasing and electricity producing was needed most, wind was at a low ebb. Fortuitously, wind production increased in the afternoon, but by 5:30 pm, wind was only producing a little more than 1 percent of California’s total electricity. Solar helped meet demand more than wind, because solar has the advantage of producing electricity when the sun is shining and households are using more power. But even solar failed to produce much electricity during the period of highest demand, producing just 2 percent of the state’s electricity at its peak. Solar production peaked at nearly 1 gigawatt at 11 am and continued to produce about 1 gigawatt until 3 pm. The problem is that the state’s highest period of demand occurred at about 5 pm, when solar’s production had fallen by over 50 percent from its peak. This data shows how little value wind and solar have in producing electricity when people really need it, and should be a wake-up call to California—one of the many states with mandates—as well as the Obama administration and other promoters of wind and solar. Even though wind and solar production might be growing in California, it isn’t helping to balance the grid and keep the lights on. Electricity production has to balance electricity demand and wind and solar aren’t doing a good job contributing. Moreover, it does not matter how many wind and solar installations are built because natural gas and other reliable power plants will be required to be built to meet peak electricity demand.
| 2,453 | 4,001 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665462648#5_2440802325
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/wind/
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California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy - IER
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California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy
California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy
Tags
PYLE: 125 years later, wind power still needs a subsidy
Cronyism Nevada-style: Harry Reid's Anti Coal Agenda Benefits His Son
|
The problem is that the state’s highest period of demand occurred at about 5 pm, when solar’s production had fallen by over 50 percent from its peak. This data shows how little value wind and solar have in producing electricity when people really need it, and should be a wake-up call to California—one of the many states with mandates—as well as the Obama administration and other promoters of wind and solar. Even though wind and solar production might be growing in California, it isn’t helping to balance the grid and keep the lights on. Electricity production has to balance electricity demand and wind and solar aren’t doing a good job contributing. Moreover, it does not matter how many wind and solar installations are built because natural gas and other reliable power plants will be required to be built to meet peak electricity demand. All of this begs a simple question, if wind and solar have so little value in supplying power when it is needed most, why is the Obama administration lavishing billions of taxpayer dollars, beneficial mandates, and special favors on these unreliable and expensive sources of electricity generation? The California situation shows that wind and solar can’t be reliable upon to keep the lights on, so why do they receive such large subsidies? The above data shows that the explanation isn’t likely related to the need to keep power affordable and reliable for the millions of U.S. households and businesses that use it. Tags
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August 2012
PYLE: 125 years later, wind power still needs a subsidy
August 2012
Cronyism Nevada-style:
| 3,155 | 4,847 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665462648#6_2440804611
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http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/wind/
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California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy - IER
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California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy
California's Flex Alert: A Case Study in Intermittent Energy
Tags
PYLE: 125 years later, wind power still needs a subsidy
Cronyism Nevada-style: Harry Reid's Anti Coal Agenda Benefits His Son
|
All of this begs a simple question, if wind and solar have so little value in supplying power when it is needed most, why is the Obama administration lavishing billions of taxpayer dollars, beneficial mandates, and special favors on these unreliable and expensive sources of electricity generation? The California situation shows that wind and solar can’t be reliable upon to keep the lights on, so why do they receive such large subsidies? The above data shows that the explanation isn’t likely related to the need to keep power affordable and reliable for the millions of U.S. households and businesses that use it. Tags
bill,
blackout,
brownout,
California,
electrical,
electricity,
Energy,
grid,
Obama,
peak demand,
president,
Solar,
Wind
August 2012
PYLE: 125 years later, wind power still needs a subsidy
August 2012
Cronyism Nevada-style: Harry Reid's Anti Coal Agenda Benefits His Son
| 4,001 | 4,894 |
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http://instituteofaestheticsurgery.com/
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Plastic Surgery Orlando FL - Cosmetic Surgery Orlando FL - The Institute of Aesthetic Surgery
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Plastic Surgery Orlando FL - Cosmetic Surgery Orlando FL - The Institute of Aesthetic Surgery
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Eyelid surgery, known as blepharoplasty, is a corrective procedure that can reduce dark circles or “bags” under the eyes, remove excess wrinkles, and … Learn More
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A breast lift, also known as a mastopexy, is a procedure to raise and reshape sagging breasts. As a woman ages, skin loses some elasticity which can … Learn More
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Our desire is to provide you with the finest personalized care, while creating beautiful, natural results turning your dreams into reality. Using a combination of cosmetic surgery, lasers, injectable dermal fillers, and skin care, we can help you achieve the look you want. We are located in the Orlando area with offices in Celebration and Altamonte Springs. Mission
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Every person is a child of God who deserves to be treated with respect, dignity, and tender loving care. We are placed on this earth to honor and glorify God. We serve Him by serving our fellow man. Wishing you health and happiness,
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http://instituteofaestheticsurgery.com/
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Plastic Surgery Orlando FL - Cosmetic Surgery Orlando FL - The Institute of Aesthetic Surgery
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Eyelid Surgery
Breast Lift
Welcome to the Institute of Aesthetic Surgery
Mission
Creed
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Mission
To help each person fully develop their God given potential by delivering the most effective and efficient rejuvenation procedures in a loving and caring environment, using the latest techniques and technology. Creed
Every person is a child of God who deserves to be treated with respect, dignity, and tender loving care. We are placed on this earth to honor and glorify God. We serve Him by serving our fellow man. Wishing you health and happiness,
Dr. Richard Gregory, Dr. Roxanne Sylora, and Dr. Donovan Rosas
**Please note, we are no longer accepting personal checks; we appreciate your understanding- Management
Institute of Aesthetic Surgery is a multi-facility plastic surgery practice in Orlando, Florida with locations in Celebration and Altamonte Springs, Florida. Founding physician Richard Gregory, MD is a board certified plastic surgeon, laser specialist, and national trainer for lasers and injectable products. Board certified plastic surgeon Roxanne Sylora, MD performs body contouring procedures and breast surgery. A diverse array of surgical and non-surgical treatments is available, making Institute of Aesthetic Surgery an excellent choice for patients with nearly any cosmetic concern. Procedures include facelift, eyelid surgery, nasal contouring, lip enhancement, breast augmentation, breast reduction, liposuction, Botox, facial dermal fillers, laser treatments, and much more.
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http://instituteofaestheticsurgery.com/
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Plastic Surgery Orlando FL - Cosmetic Surgery Orlando FL - The Institute of Aesthetic Surgery
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Eyelid Surgery
Breast Lift
Welcome to the Institute of Aesthetic Surgery
Mission
Creed
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we appreciate your understanding- Management
Institute of Aesthetic Surgery is a multi-facility plastic surgery practice in Orlando, Florida with locations in Celebration and Altamonte Springs, Florida. Founding physician Richard Gregory, MD is a board certified plastic surgeon, laser specialist, and national trainer for lasers and injectable products. Board certified plastic surgeon Roxanne Sylora, MD performs body contouring procedures and breast surgery. A diverse array of surgical and non-surgical treatments is available, making Institute of Aesthetic Surgery an excellent choice for patients with nearly any cosmetic concern. Procedures include facelift, eyelid surgery, nasal contouring, lip enhancement, breast augmentation, breast reduction, liposuction, Botox, facial dermal fillers, laser treatments, and much more. The Institute of Aesthetic Surgery has become well known in Central Florida and around the world as a first-class source for plastic surgery and laser treatments.
| 1,605 | 2,599 |
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http://instituteofhormonalbalance.com/
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The Institute for Hormonal Balance - Dr. Edwin Lee | Combining Holistic Healthcare with Advanced Medical Techniques
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Discover Hormonal Balance
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Dr. Edwin Lee, M.D., F.A.C.E.
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Focusing on prevention of diseases
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Hormonal balance, with bioidentical or natural hormones, is the cornerstone for keeping the body and mind healthy. The Institute for Hormonal Balance has a holistic approach to integrating the best of conventional and alternative medicine, thereby improving the mind, body and soul so that one can heal naturally. Dr. Lee founded the Institute for Hormonal Balance in 2008. His driving purpose for opening the Institute was to focus on prevention of diseases, rather than just treating the impact of diseases – that in many cases could have been prevented. Learn More About Dr. Lee
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The Institute for Hormonal Balance - Dr. Edwin Lee | Combining Holistic Healthcare with Advanced Medical Techniques
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Discover Hormonal Balance
Focusing on prevention of diseases
Dr. Edwin Lee, M.D., F.A.C.E.
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Discover Hormonal Balance
5 Steps to Get in Balance
The Fountain of Youth
with Peptides
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Discover the powers of regenerative peptides and learn how to restore your health with Dr. Edwin Lee’s new book, The Fountain of Youth with Peptides. Dr. Lee is a best-selling author, and a 2013 recipient of the Living Now Book Award. His other books include: Feel Good Look Younger; Your Best Investment;
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The Institute for Hormonal Balance - Dr. Edwin Lee | Combining Holistic Healthcare with Advanced Medical Techniques
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Discover Hormonal Balance
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Dr. Edwin Lee, M.D., F.A.C.E.
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Discover the powers of regenerative peptides and learn how to restore your health with Dr. Edwin Lee’s new book, The Fountain of Youth with Peptides. Dr. Lee is a best-selling author, and a 2013 recipient of the Living Now Book Award. His other books include: Feel Good Look Younger; Your Best Investment; and Your Amazing Heart. Order Now
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The Institute for Hormonal Balance - Dr. Edwin Lee | Combining Holistic Healthcare with Advanced Medical Techniques
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Discover Hormonal Balance
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Dr. Edwin Lee, M.D., F.A.C.E.
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Institute For Hormonal Balance, LLC
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The Institute for Hormonal Balance - Dr. Edwin Lee | Combining Holistic Healthcare with Advanced Medical Techniques
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Discover Hormonal Balance
Focusing on prevention of diseases
Dr. Edwin Lee, M.D., F.A.C.E.
Founder of the Institute for Hormonal Balance
Discover Hormonal Balance
5 Steps to Get in Balance
The Fountain of Youth
with Peptides
Appointments
New Patients Click Here
Contact IHB
Office Location & Phone Number
Phone: 407-363-9665
Office Hours
Driving Directions:
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Call for an appointment during our normal office hours at: 407-363-9665
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Office Location & Phone Number
Institute For Hormonal Balance, LLC
7009 Dr. Phillips Blvd., Suite 150
Orlando, FL 32819-5150
Phone: 407-363-9665
[email protected]
Office Hours
Monday through Thursday: 7:30 AM to 3:30 PM
Friday: 7:30 AM to 2:30 PM
Our office is closed for lunch from 11:15 AM to 12:15 PM. We are closed on major holidays. Driving Directions: We are located in the Dr. Phillips / Bay Hill area of Orlando, Florida just minutes from the I-4 / Sand Lake Rd. intersection.
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The Institute for Hormonal Balance - Dr. Edwin Lee | Combining Holistic Healthcare with Advanced Medical Techniques
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Discover Hormonal Balance
Focusing on prevention of diseases
Dr. Edwin Lee, M.D., F.A.C.E.
Founder of the Institute for Hormonal Balance
Discover Hormonal Balance
5 Steps to Get in Balance
The Fountain of Youth
with Peptides
Appointments
New Patients Click Here
Contact IHB
Office Location & Phone Number
Phone: 407-363-9665
Office Hours
Driving Directions:
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7:30 AM to 2:30 PM
Our office is closed for lunch from 11:15 AM to 12:15 PM. We are closed on major holidays. Driving Directions: We are located in the Dr. Phillips / Bay Hill area of Orlando, Florida just minutes from the I-4 / Sand Lake Rd. intersection. From Polk County / Tampa Area – Head East on I-4. Take Sand Lake Road Exit off I-4. Make a left from the exit ramp on to Sand Lake Road heading west. on the 3 rd traffic light make a right onto Dr. Phillips Blvd. There is a Sun Trust Bank on the right side of the road at the corner of Sand Lake Road and Dr. Phillips.
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http://instituteofhormonalbalance.com/
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The Institute for Hormonal Balance - Dr. Edwin Lee | Combining Holistic Healthcare with Advanced Medical Techniques
|
Discover Hormonal Balance
Focusing on prevention of diseases
Dr. Edwin Lee, M.D., F.A.C.E.
Founder of the Institute for Hormonal Balance
Discover Hormonal Balance
5 Steps to Get in Balance
The Fountain of Youth
with Peptides
Appointments
New Patients Click Here
Contact IHB
Office Location & Phone Number
Phone: 407-363-9665
Office Hours
Driving Directions:
|
From Polk County / Tampa Area – Head East on I-4. Take Sand Lake Road Exit off I-4. Make a left from the exit ramp on to Sand Lake Road heading west. on the 3 rd traffic light make a right onto Dr. Phillips Blvd. There is a Sun Trust Bank on the right side of the road at the corner of Sand Lake Road and Dr. Phillips. Go approximately 1 mile on north on Dr. Phillips Blvd. and the office will be on the right side of the road in a two story building (see picture on this page). If you hit the intersection of Dr. Phillips and Wallace you have gone too far, but only just missed it. From Winter Park, Head West on I-4, exit on Sand Lake and make a right of the exit ramp. Head west on Sand Lake and at the 2nd light make a right onto Dr. Phillips Blvd.
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http://institutional.acadviser.com/
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Advance Capital Management Institutional - Advance Capital Management - Institutional
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Strategy Behind Every Move.
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After 12 painful and unprecedented months dealing with the global pandemic, the proverbial light at the end of the tunnel is growing brighter. Yet, the potentially long-lasting social, economic and psychological damage inflicted could take years to work through. Already, scientists have developed three viable vaccines. Approximately 25 percent of the American population has received one, with millions more within the next few months. New virus cases, along with hospitalizations, have declined markedly, which prompted many states to reopen their economies. Airlines, travel and leisure sectors are roaring back to life as people eagerly anticipate a return to “normal” in the near future. While obstacles remain, a renewed sense of optimism is beginning to permeate the psyche of consumers and investors. All indications point to a dramatic rebound in economic growth in the months ahead. Download Now
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What is Fairness and Equitable Treatment? | Fairness and Equitable Treatment Defined — The Institutional Diversity Blog
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Fairness and Equitable Treatment
Fairness and Equitable Treatment
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What is Fairness and Equitable Treatment? | Fairness and Equitable Treatment Defined — The Institutional Diversity Blog
Fairness and Equitable Treatment
Fairness and Equitable Treatment: Each person matters as an individual. Decisions and actions must consider the dignity and rights of the individual to be considered to be fair. Equitable treatment does not necessarily mean treating everyone the same. Treating people fairly may require different approaches that do not imply a lesser standard of performance. Return to Glossary
What is Equity? What is Diversity? What is Inclusion? What is Institutional Diversity?
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What is Fairness and Equitable Treatment? | Fairness and Equitable Treatment Defined — The Institutional Diversity Blog
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Fairness and Equitable Treatment
Fairness and Equitable Treatment
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Treating people fairly may require different approaches that do not imply a lesser standard of performance. Return to Glossary
What is Equity? What is Diversity? What is Inclusion? What is Institutional Diversity? What is Fairness and Equitable Treatment? What is Disruption? What is Respect? What is Civility? What is Multiculturalism?
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What is Fairness and Equitable Treatment? | Fairness and Equitable Treatment Defined — The Institutional Diversity Blog
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Fairness and Equitable Treatment
Fairness and Equitable Treatment
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What is Fairness and Equitable Treatment? What is Disruption? What is Respect? What is Civility? What is Multiculturalism? What is Social Innovation?
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http://institutionaldiversityblog.com/glossary/institutional-diversity/
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What is Institutional Diversity? | Institutional Diversity Defined — The Institutional Diversity Blog
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Institutional Diversity Defined
Institutional Diversity Defined
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What is Institutional Diversity? | Institutional Diversity Defined — The Institutional Diversity Blog
Institutional Diversity Defined
Institutional Diversity: Organizational change and systemic approaches by which higher education, governments, companies, and non-profits develop, execute, and assess best practices in order to embed and infuse equity, diversity and inclusion into the fabric and culture of the workplace. Read Featured Institutional Diversity Posts
A New Normal: Resetting the EDI Space in 2021 and Beyond
5 Tips for the Chief Diversity Officer (CDO) During Challenging Times
Why Chief Diversity Officers (CDO) Need to Step Their Game Up
Chief Diversity Officers and Dr. Martin Luther King Day: Giving Voice to Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion
Cultural Diversity Is Good for Business – Continuing the Conversation (Part II): Strategies for Success
What Is a Chief Diversity Officer (CDO)? Return to Glossary
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What is Institutional Diversity? | Institutional Diversity Defined — The Institutional Diversity Blog
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Institutional Diversity Defined
Institutional Diversity Defined
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Giving Voice to Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion
Cultural Diversity Is Good for Business – Continuing the Conversation (Part II): Strategies for Success
What Is a Chief Diversity Officer (CDO)? Return to Glossary
What is Equity? What is Diversity? What is Inclusion? What is Institutional Diversity? What is Fairness and Equitable Treatment? What is Disruption? What is Respect? What is Civility?
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http://institutionaldiversityblog.com/glossary/institutional-diversity/
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What is Institutional Diversity? | Institutional Diversity Defined — The Institutional Diversity Blog
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Institutional Diversity Defined
Institutional Diversity Defined
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What is Institutional Diversity? What is Fairness and Equitable Treatment? What is Disruption? What is Respect? What is Civility? What is Multiculturalism? What is Social Innovation?
| 979 | 1,162 |
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http://instores.maurices.com/careers_faqs.htm
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How will I know that my application has been received? Once you have submitted your completed application, you will receive an automated response indicating that we have received it. To ensure that your email system allows receipt of our messages, please set your filter to receive emails from [email protected]. What happens after I have submitted my resume for a specific job posting? Upon submission of your resume you will receive a confirmation email and your resume will route directly to the hiring manager for review. The hiring manager will determine top candidates and set up interviews. If you are a top candidate, you will be contacted either by phone or e-mail to set up an interview. How do I apply for a position with a new store that has not yet opened? To view new store openings, you can either search on “Coming Soon” under “Locations” or visit the “Careers” page, then “Job Search”, then the “New Store Openings” page. As soon as a new store is ready to begin accepting applications, the positions are posted.
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Frequently Asked Questions
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The hiring manager will determine top candidates and set up interviews. If you are a top candidate, you will be contacted either by phone or e-mail to set up an interview. How do I apply for a position with a new store that has not yet opened? To view new store openings, you can either search on “Coming Soon” under “Locations” or visit the “Careers” page, then “Job Search”, then the “New Store Openings” page. As soon as a new store is ready to begin accepting applications, the positions are posted. Once you have submitted your completed application, you will receive an automated reply confirming our receipt of your application. How can I be sure the position online hasn't already been filled? Our website shows our most current job posting updates. When a position is filled we do our best to remove it from the online site as soon as possible. Periodically checking the maurices website for posting updates will tell you if a position has been filled or not.
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http://instores.maurices.com/careers_faqs.htm
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maurices - Careers
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Careers
Careers
Frequently Asked Questions
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Once you have submitted your completed application, you will receive an automated reply confirming our receipt of your application. How can I be sure the position online hasn't already been filled? Our website shows our most current job posting updates. When a position is filled we do our best to remove it from the online site as soon as possible. Periodically checking the maurices website for posting updates will tell you if a position has been filled or not. How do I find out if there are positions available in a specific store? Please visit the Search Jobs by Location and select the location you are interested in. Any current openings will appear under that location. How old do I need to be to apply? Although we don’t have a specific age for employment, we follow the work requirements outlined in each state and federal guidelines.
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http://instores.maurices.com/careers_faqs.htm
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maurices - Careers
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Careers
Careers
Frequently Asked Questions
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How do I find out if there are positions available in a specific store? Please visit the Search Jobs by Location and select the location you are interested in. Any current openings will appear under that location. How old do I need to be to apply? Although we don’t have a specific age for employment, we follow the work requirements outlined in each state and federal guidelines. While we welcome anyone to apply, we base our hiring decisions on the candidate who meets all qualifications for the position. Where is the corporate office located? Our maurices corporate office is located in Duluth, MN halfway between St. Paul, MN and the Canadian border. Duluth is nestled on a 600-foot bluff overlooking the largest freshwater lake in the world, Lake Superior. The city extends approximately 25 miles along the lakeshore.
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http://instores.maurices.com/careers_faqs.htm
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maurices - Careers
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Careers
Careers
Frequently Asked Questions
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While we welcome anyone to apply, we base our hiring decisions on the candidate who meets all qualifications for the position. Where is the corporate office located? Our maurices corporate office is located in Duluth, MN halfway between St. Paul, MN and the Canadian border. Duluth is nestled on a 600-foot bluff overlooking the largest freshwater lake in the world, Lake Superior. The city extends approximately 25 miles along the lakeshore. This is the same location as the site of our very first store. How do I find out if there are positions available in a specific department at the corporate office? We post positions we are currently recruiting for. If you do not see a posting for your specific department of interest, you may submit a general application under the specific department and indicate your area of interest for future reference. Does maurices provide opportunity for career advancement within the company?
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http://instores.maurices.com/careers_faqs.htm
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maurices - Careers
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Careers
Careers
Frequently Asked Questions
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This is the same location as the site of our very first store. How do I find out if there are positions available in a specific department at the corporate office? We post positions we are currently recruiting for. If you do not see a posting for your specific department of interest, you may submit a general application under the specific department and indicate your area of interest for future reference. Does maurices provide opportunity for career advancement within the company? Absolutely! If you are looking for advancement opportunities in your career, then maurices is the company for you. We are always encouraging development and our philosophy “promotion from within” allows exciting career opportunities for internal advancement. Will maurices continue to grow? Yes!
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http://instores.maurices.com/careers_faqs.htm
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maurices - Careers
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Careers
Careers
Frequently Asked Questions
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Absolutely! If you are looking for advancement opportunities in your career, then maurices is the company for you. We are always encouraging development and our philosophy “promotion from within” allows exciting career opportunities for internal advancement. Will maurices continue to grow? Yes! Maurices has grown to over 675 stores in 44 states and have plans to open approximately 60+ new stores around the country in the next year. We just introduced our new department of extended sizes in the stores in 2007. Does maurices offer internships? Maurices offers internship opportunities in the field and at the home office. The various departments hire interns on an as needed basis.
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http://instores.maurices.com/careers_faqs.htm
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maurices - Careers
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Careers
Careers
Frequently Asked Questions
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Maurices has grown to over 675 stores in 44 states and have plans to open approximately 60+ new stores around the country in the next year. We just introduced our new department of extended sizes in the stores in 2007. Does maurices offer internships? Maurices offers internship opportunities in the field and at the home office. The various departments hire interns on an as needed basis. If you are interested in a field internship, please contact your local maurices store to check opportunities. Intern positions when available in the home office are posted on our website under the same link as job postings. What do employees enjoy most about working for maurices? Employees in all areas of the company tell us time and time again that the reason they work and stay with this company is because of the friendly, fun working environment and the endless opportunities for learning and growth. Please see the Testimonials section to hear more about what our associates are saying!
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http://instreetclothes.com/2015/01/01/depth-look-injury-history-lebron-james/
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An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James - In Street Clothes
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An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James - In Street Clothes
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Welcome to
In Street Clothes
Covering sports injuries from the perspective of a certified athletic trainer and backed by analytics. An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James
Post By: Jeff Stotts
Date: January 1, 2015
Category: InStreetClothes Special, NBA
The New Year is starting poorly for the Cleveland Cavaliers. Amidst rumors and speculations about coaching issues, injuries are mounting for a franchise currently seeded as fifth in the East. The loss of Anderson Varejao to a ruptured Achilles tendon was the first setback but Cleveland’s Big Three have all recently battled nagging issue. The biggest blow came Thursday when the team revealed LeBron James will miss at least the next two weeks with a lower back strain and a strained left knee. James has been a relative ironman throughout his career but he’s been far from injury-free. His rookie season was marked by a few minor injuries including a knee contusion during the preseason and left pinkie sprain.
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An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James - In Street Clothes
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Amidst rumors and speculations about coaching issues, injuries are mounting for a franchise currently seeded as fifth in the East. The loss of Anderson Varejao to a ruptured Achilles tendon was the first setback but Cleveland’s Big Three have all recently battled nagging issue. The biggest blow came Thursday when the team revealed LeBron James will miss at least the next two weeks with a lower back strain and a strained left knee. James has been a relative ironman throughout his career but he’s been far from injury-free. His rookie season was marked by a few minor injuries including a knee contusion during the preseason and left pinkie sprain. He missed the first games of his professional career in mid-January following a right ankle sprain that kept him out for three straight games. James was forced to wear a facemask during his sophomore season in the NBA after fracturing the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) in his face following a stray elbow from Dikembe Mutombo. He stayed in the lineup despite the injury but a sprained left ankle would later sideline him for two games. The ankle remained sore throughout the season but wouldn’t cost him any more time. The 2005-06 season started off poorly for LeBron following a preseason pectoral strain and a battle with pleurisy.
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An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James - In Street Clothes
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He missed the first games of his professional career in mid-January following a right ankle sprain that kept him out for three straight games. James was forced to wear a facemask during his sophomore season in the NBA after fracturing the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) in his face following a stray elbow from Dikembe Mutombo. He stayed in the lineup despite the injury but a sprained left ankle would later sideline him for two games. The ankle remained sore throughout the season but wouldn’t cost him any more time. The 2005-06 season started off poorly for LeBron following a preseason pectoral strain and a battle with pleurisy. He was ready for the start of the year and went on to play through a right hamstring strain, rib and shin contusions, and a flu bug. His left ankle would again be an issue and force him to miss three of Cleveland’s last four regular season games. However it wouldn’t keep him from participating in his first postseason as James would averaging 46.5 minutes of action in the Cavaliers’ 13 playoff games. James played in 78 games the following season missing time with three different injuries. A sprained big toe sidelined him for a pair of games in late January and a case of knee tendinitis cost him a game in April.
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An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James - In Street Clothes
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He was ready for the start of the year and went on to play through a right hamstring strain, rib and shin contusions, and a flu bug. His left ankle would again be an issue and force him to miss three of Cleveland’s last four regular season games. However it wouldn’t keep him from participating in his first postseason as James would averaging 46.5 minutes of action in the Cavaliers’ 13 playoff games. James played in 78 games the following season missing time with three different injuries. A sprained big toe sidelined him for a pair of games in late January and a case of knee tendinitis cost him a game in April. The 2006-07 season was also the first time James endured a back injury missing a game after experiencing lower back spasms. He would also suffer two more ankle sprains and a knee contusion but again played a heavy dose of minutes in the postseason, leading the Cavaliers to the Finals. James opted for LASIK surgery prior to the 2007-08 season but was ready for the start of training camp. An early season shoulder contusion didn’t slow him down but a sprained left index finger sidelined him for five straight games, the longest amount of time James would miss for an isolated injury. Back spasms and soreness in his big toe resurfaced at various stages of the year and a right ankle sprain cost him yet another game.
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An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James - In Street Clothes
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The 2006-07 season was also the first time James endured a back injury missing a game after experiencing lower back spasms. He would also suffer two more ankle sprains and a knee contusion but again played a heavy dose of minutes in the postseason, leading the Cavaliers to the Finals. James opted for LASIK surgery prior to the 2007-08 season but was ready for the start of training camp. An early season shoulder contusion didn’t slow him down but a sprained left index finger sidelined him for five straight games, the longest amount of time James would miss for an isolated injury. Back spasms and soreness in his big toe resurfaced at various stages of the year and a right ankle sprain cost him yet another game. A season of relative good health fueled James’ first MVP campaign. He suffered a minor left ankle sprain and a left knee contusion but neither forced him into street clothes. His lone missed game would come on the final day of the season when he sat to rest in preparation for the postseason. LeBron underwent surgery just two days after the season ended to remove a benign tumor from his parotid gland, the gland responsible for creating saliva. The procedure was the first time in James’ career that he was placed in an anesthetic state.
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An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James - In Street Clothes
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A season of relative good health fueled James’ first MVP campaign. He suffered a minor left ankle sprain and a left knee contusion but neither forced him into street clothes. His lone missed game would come on the final day of the season when he sat to rest in preparation for the postseason. LeBron underwent surgery just two days after the season ended to remove a benign tumor from his parotid gland, the gland responsible for creating saliva. The procedure was the first time in James’ career that he was placed in an anesthetic state. James made a full recovery and entered the 2009-10 healthy but plagued by questions about his impending free agency. A flu scare early in preseason wasn’t enough to slow the would-be MVP and the Cavaliers steamrolled through the NBA. LeBron amassed wrist and quad contusions along the way but it wasn’t until he aggravated his previously sprained right ankle in early March that he missed any time. The absence lasted just two games and an additional sprain of the opposite ankle failed to keep him out of the lineup. He did begin experiencing pain and soreness in his right elbow and that injury, along with other bumps and bruises, were the basis for the team’s decision to rest him for the final four games of the regular season.
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An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James - In Street Clothes
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James made a full recovery and entered the 2009-10 healthy but plagued by questions about his impending free agency. A flu scare early in preseason wasn’t enough to slow the would-be MVP and the Cavaliers steamrolled through the NBA. LeBron amassed wrist and quad contusions along the way but it wasn’t until he aggravated his previously sprained right ankle in early March that he missed any time. The absence lasted just two games and an additional sprain of the opposite ankle failed to keep him out of the lineup. He did begin experiencing pain and soreness in his right elbow and that injury, along with other bumps and bruises, were the basis for the team’s decision to rest him for the final four games of the regular season. The playoffs began with a rested James averaging 31.8 points a game in a five-game rout of the Bulls. However late in the series-clinching win, James’ elbow again became a problem. He was forced to shoot a free throw left-handed and a subsequent MRI revealed a strain and bone bruise. It limited James for the remainder of the postseason and the Celtics eliminated the Cavaliers in the second round. The Decision and the shift to Miami didn’t appear to affect James physically.
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An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James - In Street Clothes
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The playoffs began with a rested James averaging 31.8 points a game in a five-game rout of the Bulls. However late in the series-clinching win, James’ elbow again became a problem. He was forced to shoot a free throw left-handed and a subsequent MRI revealed a strain and bone bruise. It limited James for the remainder of the postseason and the Celtics eliminated the Cavaliers in the second round. The Decision and the shift to Miami didn’t appear to affect James physically. He experienced cramps in his hamstrings early in the preseason and a minor shin issue in early November. It wasn’t until January when he sprained his left ankle that James was forced to miss a game for the Heat. His two-game absence, both Miami losses, reiterated his importance to the team and would be the last time he appeared on the injury report during the regular season. James took the final game of the regular season off to rest before Miami’s extended playoff run. A mild head cold slowed him during Game 1 of the Eastern Conference Finals and was his only issue in the postseason.
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An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James - In Street Clothes
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He experienced cramps in his hamstrings early in the preseason and a minor shin issue in early November. It wasn’t until January when he sprained his left ankle that James was forced to miss a game for the Heat. His two-game absence, both Miami losses, reiterated his importance to the team and would be the last time he appeared on the injury report during the regular season. James took the final game of the regular season off to rest before Miami’s extended playoff run. A mild head cold slowed him during Game 1 of the Eastern Conference Finals and was his only issue in the postseason. James took a pounding in route to his first championship as illness, right shoulder, wrist, and elbow contusions, and a dislocated ring finger on his left hand marked year two in a Heat uniform. He missed a game to a left ankle sprain and later aggravated the area. James rested in three of Miami’s final four regular contests before leading the team to a Finals matchup against the Thunder. James, perhaps feeling the effects of the condensed lock-out shortened season, experienced leg cramps late in Game 4 of the Finals but posted a triple-double two days later to secure the first title of his career. LeBron opted to play for Team USA in the 2012 Summer Olympics despite the quick turnaround.
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An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James - In Street Clothes
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James took a pounding in route to his first championship as illness, right shoulder, wrist, and elbow contusions, and a dislocated ring finger on his left hand marked year two in a Heat uniform. He missed a game to a left ankle sprain and later aggravated the area. James rested in three of Miami’s final four regular contests before leading the team to a Finals matchup against the Thunder. James, perhaps feeling the effects of the condensed lock-out shortened season, experienced leg cramps late in Game 4 of the Finals but posted a triple-double two days later to secure the first title of his career. LeBron opted to play for Team USA in the 2012 Summer Olympics despite the quick turnaround. The extensive workload appeared to be an issue early in the 2012-13 season as he experienced additional leg cramps in the preseason and developed tightness in his knee. As the season progressed, both knees would become sore as James also battled illness, a shoulder contusion, and a hamstring strain that would force him out of five of the Heat’s last 10 regular season games. However James again overcome these nagging ailments to secure his two straight Larry O’Brien Trophy. James’ final season in Miami would be a bit bumpier. He endured reoccurring soreness and spasms in his back that forced him out of one game in March.
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An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James - In Street Clothes
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The extensive workload appeared to be an issue early in the 2012-13 season as he experienced additional leg cramps in the preseason and developed tightness in his knee. As the season progressed, both knees would become sore as James also battled illness, a shoulder contusion, and a hamstring strain that would force him out of five of the Heat’s last 10 regular season games. However James again overcome these nagging ailments to secure his two straight Larry O’Brien Trophy. James’ final season in Miami would be a bit bumpier. He endured reoccurring soreness and spasms in his back that forced him out of one game in March. He also sprained his left ankle twice and missed one game with a right groin strain. He was forced to once again don a protective mask after breaking his nose and sitting out one game. While teammate Dwyane Wade was given routine games off to manage his assortment of ailments, James remained in the lineup despite a turned right ankle and soreness in his left shoulder. James did get a late season respite, sitting for the final two games of the regular season. The playoffs would begin with a quick dismal of the Bobcats but James would come up limping after a collision with Bismack Biyombo.
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An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James - In Street Clothes
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He also sprained his left ankle twice and missed one game with a right groin strain. He was forced to once again don a protective mask after breaking his nose and sitting out one game. While teammate Dwyane Wade was given routine games off to manage his assortment of ailments, James remained in the lineup despite a turned right ankle and soreness in his left shoulder. James did get a late season respite, sitting for the final two games of the regular season. The playoffs would begin with a quick dismal of the Bobcats but James would come up limping after a collision with Bismack Biyombo. The incident would leave James with a painful quadriceps contusion. It didn’t do much to slow LeBron and company as they then eliminated the Nets and Pacers, setting up a rematch with the Spurs. With the air conditioning at the AT&T Center on the fritz, Game 1 was played under sweltering conditions. With the game hanging in the balance, James was forced to watch from the bench succumbing to leg cramps. The Heat went on to lose the game and the series.
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An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James - In Street Clothes
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The incident would leave James with a painful quadriceps contusion. It didn’t do much to slow LeBron and company as they then eliminated the Nets and Pacers, setting up a rematch with the Spurs. With the air conditioning at the AT&T Center on the fritz, Game 1 was played under sweltering conditions. With the game hanging in the balance, James was forced to watch from the bench succumbing to leg cramps. The Heat went on to lose the game and the series. Now James has donned a new but familiar jersey after resigning with the Cavaliers in the offseason. He experienced lower back tightness during the preseason and battled a head cold in mid-November while critics began making reference to his sudden drop in explosiveness. His troublesome right elbow has also become an issue but nothing has been quite as problematic as his left knee. It kept him out of a game against the Thunder and was aggravated during the team’s loss to the Heat on Christmas Day. The lingering pain forced Cleveland’s hand and further evaluation revealed a strain in the knee and an additional strain in his lower back.
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An In-Depth Look at The Injury History of LeBron James - In Street Clothes
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Now James has donned a new but familiar jersey after resigning with the Cavaliers in the offseason. He experienced lower back tightness during the preseason and battled a head cold in mid-November while critics began making reference to his sudden drop in explosiveness. His troublesome right elbow has also become an issue but nothing has been quite as problematic as his left knee. It kept him out of a game against the Thunder and was aggravated during the team’s loss to the Heat on Christmas Day. The lingering pain forced Cleveland’s hand and further evaluation revealed a strain in the knee and an additional strain in his lower back. Now the King is expected to miss at least the next seven games resting and recuperating. Both areas appear structurally sound and the Cavaliers’ medical team appears to be taking a proactive approach to treatment. LeBron has proven time and time again that he is capable of playing with and through injury. However the now 30-year old All-Star has amassed an unprecedented amount of mileage over his 12-year career, including a season’s worth of games over the last four postseasons. The question now becomes can the Cavaliers stay afloat with their leader all but guaranteed to miss the longest stretch of games in his career.
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Now the King is expected to miss at least the next seven games resting and recuperating. Both areas appear structurally sound and the Cavaliers’ medical team appears to be taking a proactive approach to treatment. LeBron has proven time and time again that he is capable of playing with and through injury. However the now 30-year old All-Star has amassed an unprecedented amount of mileage over his 12-year career, including a season’s worth of games over the last four postseasons. The question now becomes can the Cavaliers stay afloat with their leader all but guaranteed to miss the longest stretch of games in his career. History suggests it will be tough, as James’ teams have gone 17-17 in the 34 games he has missed due to injury during his career. This year’s Cavs team is winless in James’ three missed games this season. loading
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An Overview of the Geology of Nunavut
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P0 Box 2319, Iqaluit, ND, XOA OHO, [email protected]
ARCHEAN
PROTEROZOIC
PHANEROZOIC
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An Overview of the Geology of Nunavut
An Overview of the Geology of Nunavut
David 1. Scott, Canada-Nunavut Geoscience Office
P0 Box 2319, Iqaluit, ND, XOA OHO, [email protected]
The geology of Nunavut records almost three-billion years of Earth history. Our understanding of this history ranges from excellent in selected areas that have undergone multi-disciplinary study in recent years, to rudimentary in numerous vast tracts that were initially (and most recently!) investigated in the Geological Survey of Canada's great helicopter reconnaissance operations of the 1950's and 1960's. For the purposes of the present summary, Nunavut's geological history can be subdivided into three main temporal blocks; the Archean, the Proterozoic and the Phanerozoic. Each era is characterized by a distinctive suite of rocks, tectonic events and resource endowment. ARCHEAN
Rocks of Archean age are exposed throughout Nunavut, and undoubtedly underlie much of the territory that is covered by younger rocks. The Archean of Nunavut is characterized by granite - greenstone terranes, similar in most respects to Archean cratons globally. Nebulitic migmatitic gneisses, that range from granodiorite to quartz monzonite are among the oldest rocks in Nunavut and exposed in parts of northern Baffin Island, the Melville Peninsula, and southwest across the mainland.
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http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/300b-001/seg/scott.htm
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An Overview of the Geology of Nunavut
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P0 Box 2319, Iqaluit, ND, XOA OHO, [email protected]
ARCHEAN
PROTEROZOIC
PHANEROZOIC
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the Archean, the Proterozoic and the Phanerozoic. Each era is characterized by a distinctive suite of rocks, tectonic events and resource endowment. ARCHEAN
Rocks of Archean age are exposed throughout Nunavut, and undoubtedly underlie much of the territory that is covered by younger rocks. The Archean of Nunavut is characterized by granite - greenstone terranes, similar in most respects to Archean cratons globally. Nebulitic migmatitic gneisses, that range from granodiorite to quartz monzonite are among the oldest rocks in Nunavut and exposed in parts of northern Baffin Island, the Melville Peninsula, and southwest across the mainland. These rocks are complex and texturally diverse, ranging from massive to finely foliated and thinly banded. Schlieren, lenses and boudinaged bands of amphibolite, metasedimentary, granitoid and rare ultramafic rocks are present. Discordant mafic sheets that truncate early compositional layering in the rocks, but that are folded and locally boudinaged, may represent dykes that predate younger supracrustal rocks. Late Archean supracrustal rocks, consisting of ultramafic, mafic, intermediate and felsic volcanic rocks, siliciclastic rocks and ironstones, comprise the greenstone belts that host much of the gold and base metal endowment of Nunavut. In the northern Slave craton of western Nunavut, these rocks (Yellowknife Supergroup) host numerous deposits (e.g. Ulu, George Lake, Boston, etc.)
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An Overview of the Geology of Nunavut
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P0 Box 2319, Iqaluit, ND, XOA OHO, [email protected]
ARCHEAN
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These rocks are complex and texturally diverse, ranging from massive to finely foliated and thinly banded. Schlieren, lenses and boudinaged bands of amphibolite, metasedimentary, granitoid and rare ultramafic rocks are present. Discordant mafic sheets that truncate early compositional layering in the rocks, but that are folded and locally boudinaged, may represent dykes that predate younger supracrustal rocks. Late Archean supracrustal rocks, consisting of ultramafic, mafic, intermediate and felsic volcanic rocks, siliciclastic rocks and ironstones, comprise the greenstone belts that host much of the gold and base metal endowment of Nunavut. In the northern Slave craton of western Nunavut, these rocks (Yellowknife Supergroup) host numerous deposits (e.g. Ulu, George Lake, Boston, etc.) and the iron-formation host rocks of the Lupin Au Mine. In southern central Nunavut (western Churchill Province), similar rocks host many deposits, including those at Victory Lake, Noomut, Heninga Lake, and the Meliadine Au deposits. In the northern part of the Churchill Province, ultramafic volcanic rocks, quartzite and iron formation characterize the Woodhurn and Prince Albert groups; while the former hosts the Meadowbank Au deposits, the latter package of rocks is less well known hut appears to have significant potential for Au mineralization. The Canada-Nunavut Geoscience Office will launch a major new regional mapping project in the southern Prince Albert Group (Committee Bay belt) this coming summer.
| 1,356 | 2,868 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665493927#3_2440866120
|
http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/300b-001/seg/scott.htm
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An Overview of the Geology of Nunavut
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P0 Box 2319, Iqaluit, ND, XOA OHO, [email protected]
ARCHEAN
PROTEROZOIC
PHANEROZOIC
|
and the iron-formation host rocks of the Lupin Au Mine. In southern central Nunavut (western Churchill Province), similar rocks host many deposits, including those at Victory Lake, Noomut, Heninga Lake, and the Meliadine Au deposits. In the northern part of the Churchill Province, ultramafic volcanic rocks, quartzite and iron formation characterize the Woodhurn and Prince Albert groups; while the former hosts the Meadowbank Au deposits, the latter package of rocks is less well known hut appears to have significant potential for Au mineralization. The Canada-Nunavut Geoscience Office will launch a major new regional mapping project in the southern Prince Albert Group (Committee Bay belt) this coming summer. Rocks of the Prince Albert Group continue northeastward across the Melville Peninsula and onto northern Baffin Island, where they are represented by the Mary River Group. Some of the richest iron deposits in the world, as well as elevated Au potential, are found in these rocks. Late plutonic activity is in large part synchronous with, to slightly younger than, volcanism in these greenstone belts, suggesting that there may be, in part, a genetic relationship between the extrusive rocks and some of the intrusions. Monzogranite to granodiorite plutonic rocks intrude both the greenstones and the older orthogneisses. A phase of high-grade metamorphism is locally recorded at — 2.5 Ga across much of the Churchill Province.
| 2,153 | 3,594 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665493927#4_2440867899
|
http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/300b-001/seg/scott.htm
|
An Overview of the Geology of Nunavut
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P0 Box 2319, Iqaluit, ND, XOA OHO, [email protected]
ARCHEAN
PROTEROZOIC
PHANEROZOIC
|
Rocks of the Prince Albert Group continue northeastward across the Melville Peninsula and onto northern Baffin Island, where they are represented by the Mary River Group. Some of the richest iron deposits in the world, as well as elevated Au potential, are found in these rocks. Late plutonic activity is in large part synchronous with, to slightly younger than, volcanism in these greenstone belts, suggesting that there may be, in part, a genetic relationship between the extrusive rocks and some of the intrusions. Monzogranite to granodiorite plutonic rocks intrude both the greenstones and the older orthogneisses. A phase of high-grade metamorphism is locally recorded at — 2.5 Ga across much of the Churchill Province. PROTEROZOIC
Much of the Churchill Province was covered by extensive siliciclastic deposits in the earliest Proterozoic; this is recorded in the strata of the Hurwitz Group and related successions. Younger siliciclastic and carbonate rocks of the Penrhyn Group on the southern Melville Peninsula, and their along-strike correlatives of the Piling Group (central Baffin Island) represent a continental margin succession deposited on Archean crust. The stratigraphically lowest strata consist of quartzite and feldspathic quarzite, and is overlain by dolostone, marble and calcsilicate gneiss, with minor amounts of siliciclastic rocks and as well as rare rusty schist and minor sulphide-facies iron formation. Much of the upper part of the basin comprises a relatively homogeneous succession of grey-weathering psammitic rocks that are volumetrically the most important component of the Piling and Penrhyn groups.
| 2,869 | 4,506 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665493927#5_2440869875
|
http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/300b-001/seg/scott.htm
|
An Overview of the Geology of Nunavut
|
P0 Box 2319, Iqaluit, ND, XOA OHO, [email protected]
ARCHEAN
PROTEROZOIC
PHANEROZOIC
|
PROTEROZOIC
Much of the Churchill Province was covered by extensive siliciclastic deposits in the earliest Proterozoic; this is recorded in the strata of the Hurwitz Group and related successions. Younger siliciclastic and carbonate rocks of the Penrhyn Group on the southern Melville Peninsula, and their along-strike correlatives of the Piling Group (central Baffin Island) represent a continental margin succession deposited on Archean crust. The stratigraphically lowest strata consist of quartzite and feldspathic quarzite, and is overlain by dolostone, marble and calcsilicate gneiss, with minor amounts of siliciclastic rocks and as well as rare rusty schist and minor sulphide-facies iron formation. Much of the upper part of the basin comprises a relatively homogeneous succession of grey-weathering psammitic rocks that are volumetrically the most important component of the Piling and Penrhyn groups. These rocks have elevated potential for base metal and Au mineralization; the Black Angel Mine, a past-producer of Zn and Pb, is hosted in correlative carbonate rocks of the Karrat Group on the coast of central West Greenland. On southern Baffin Island, similar contemporaneous stratigraphy (the Lake Harbour Group) contains ultramafic sills that have recently been investigated for their Ni potential. In southernmost Nunavut, basal clastic rocks and overlying volcanic and carbonate units are well exposed on the Belcher Islands in southern Hudson Bay. These rocks record the subsidence and rifting of the western margin of the Superior craton.
| 3,594 | 5,153 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665493927#6_2440871767
|
http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/300b-001/seg/scott.htm
|
An Overview of the Geology of Nunavut
|
P0 Box 2319, Iqaluit, ND, XOA OHO, [email protected]
ARCHEAN
PROTEROZOIC
PHANEROZOIC
|
These rocks have elevated potential for base metal and Au mineralization; the Black Angel Mine, a past-producer of Zn and Pb, is hosted in correlative carbonate rocks of the Karrat Group on the coast of central West Greenland. On southern Baffin Island, similar contemporaneous stratigraphy (the Lake Harbour Group) contains ultramafic sills that have recently been investigated for their Ni potential. In southernmost Nunavut, basal clastic rocks and overlying volcanic and carbonate units are well exposed on the Belcher Islands in southern Hudson Bay. These rocks record the subsidence and rifting of the western margin of the Superior craton. Paleoproterozoic deformation, and a strong, attendant thermal overprint are recognized throughout the map area. These Proterozoic successions were deformed and metamorphosed during the Ca. 1.80 Ga Trans-Hudson Orogen, a period of global collisional and accretionary orogenesis. In collaboration with the GSC (Ottawa), the Canada-Nunavut Geoscience Office will launch a major new regional mapping project in the Piling Group (central Baffin Island) this coming summer. Renewed rifting of the assembled continental mass is recorded in northern Baffin and Bylot islands, where the Bylot Supergroup comprises > 6 km of non-metamorphosed basal volcanic, siliciclastic and carbonate rocks.
| 4,507 | 5,837 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1665493927#7_2440873430
|
http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/300b-001/seg/scott.htm
|
An Overview of the Geology of Nunavut
|
P0 Box 2319, Iqaluit, ND, XOA OHO, [email protected]
ARCHEAN
PROTEROZOIC
PHANEROZOIC
|
Paleoproterozoic deformation, and a strong, attendant thermal overprint are recognized throughout the map area. These Proterozoic successions were deformed and metamorphosed during the Ca. 1.80 Ga Trans-Hudson Orogen, a period of global collisional and accretionary orogenesis. In collaboration with the GSC (Ottawa), the Canada-Nunavut Geoscience Office will launch a major new regional mapping project in the Piling Group (central Baffin Island) this coming summer. Renewed rifting of the assembled continental mass is recorded in northern Baffin and Bylot islands, where the Bylot Supergroup comprises > 6 km of non-metamorphosed basal volcanic, siliciclastic and carbonate rocks. A system of northwest-trending normal faults, some of which played a role in physically controlling the deposition of the Bylot Supergroup, divides the Borden Peninsula into a series of horsts, grabens, and half-grabens interpreted to record two phases of ca. 1.27 Ga rifting and regional subsidence. Zinc and lead ore of the Nanisivik Mine is hosted in carbonate strata of the Bylot Supergroup. Up to 6000 m of correlative siliciclastic and volcanic rocks (Fury and Hecla Group) unconformably overlie Archean and Paleoproterozoic crystalline basement along the shores of Fury and Hecla Strait It has been estimated that the Bylot Supergroup/ Fury and Hecla Group may have been deposited over a period of ca. 75 million years.
| 5,154 | 6,564 |
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