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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666900066#2_2443902968
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http://intacsforkeratoconus.com/
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Home - Intacs® for Keratoconus
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About Intacs ®
Upcoming Events
Patient Testimonials
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Treated by Brian Boxer Wachler, MD in Beverly Hills, CA.) Matt Shura, Firefighter/Paramedic,Gilbert, AZ
After nearly 20 years of compounding restrictions to my life as a result of continuing degradation of my vision – I CAN SEE AGAIN! I am truly shocked at just how easy the surgery was, and just how much of the world I had been missing. Thank you! ( Treated by Brian Boxer Wachler, MD in Beverly Hills, CA.) Ken Hoffman, Custom Fabricator, Simi Valley, CA
I can’t to begin to explain how very pleased I am with the results of my Intacs procedure for keratoconus. After having worn hard contacts since age 12, it’s a real joy to wear soft contacts. I appreciate the care I have received very much. Thanks for the help. ( Treated by Brian Boxer Wachler, MD in Beverly Hills, CA.)
| 1,418 | 2,195 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666900066#3_2443904043
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http://intacsforkeratoconus.com/
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Home - Intacs® for Keratoconus
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About Intacs ®
Upcoming Events
Patient Testimonials
|
Ken Hoffman, Custom Fabricator, Simi Valley, CA
I can’t to begin to explain how very pleased I am with the results of my Intacs procedure for keratoconus. After having worn hard contacts since age 12, it’s a real joy to wear soft contacts. I appreciate the care I have received very much. Thanks for the help. ( Treated by Brian Boxer Wachler, MD in Beverly Hills, CA.) William Smoot, MD, Physician, Montana
8 years ago I had lasik surgery. Unfortunately my kerataconus was not evident. I have been functionally blind in my left eye for the past 1-1/2 years. I could not tolerate a hard contact lens to correct my vision. Dr Cohen performed the Intacs procedure in February 2017.
| 1,826 | 2,505 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666900066#4_2443905013
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http://intacsforkeratoconus.com/
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Home - Intacs® for Keratoconus
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About Intacs ®
Upcoming Events
Patient Testimonials
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William Smoot, MD, Physician, Montana
8 years ago I had lasik surgery. Unfortunately my kerataconus was not evident. I have been functionally blind in my left eye for the past 1-1/2 years. I could not tolerate a hard contact lens to correct my vision. Dr Cohen performed the Intacs procedure in February 2017. I had 20/800 vision at that time. Now, two months after the procedure, I have 20/30 vision and it will continue to improve. This has completely changed my life! As a doctor, I have high expectations of other physicians. Dr. Cohen has far exceeded any expectations I’ve had.
| 2,195 | 2,779 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666900066#5_2443905881
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http://intacsforkeratoconus.com/
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Home - Intacs® for Keratoconus
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About Intacs ®
Upcoming Events
Patient Testimonials
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I had 20/800 vision at that time. Now, two months after the procedure, I have 20/30 vision and it will continue to improve. This has completely changed my life! As a doctor, I have high expectations of other physicians. Dr. Cohen has far exceeded any expectations I’ve had. He is an awesome surgeon and I would send any family member to him for vision correction. I would recommend this procedure to anyone with kerataconus. ( Treated by Dr Richard Cohen.) Terri Prescott, Physician, Florida
| 2,506 | 2,996 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666903374#0_2443906656
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http://intactfc.com/English/About-Us/Our-history/default.aspx
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Our History | Intact Financial Corporation
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Intact Financial Corporation: Our company today
Intact Financial Corporation: Our company today
Our early history
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Our History | Intact Financial Corporation
Home > About Us > Our History
About Us
Our purpose
Living our Values
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About Us
Team
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ESG
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Milestones and Developments
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Intact Financial Corporation: Our company today
Intact Financial Corporation (TSX: IFC) is the largest provider of property and casualty (P&C) insurance in Canada and a leading provider of specialty insurance in North America, with over CAD$11 billion in total annual premiums. The Company has approximately 16,000 full- and part-time employees who serve more than five million personal, business and public sector clients through offices in Canada and the U.S.
In Canada, Intact distributes insurance under the Intact Insurance brand through a wide network of brokers, including its wholly-owned subsidiary BrokerLink, and directly to consumers through belairdirect. Frank Cowan Company, a leading MGA, distributes public entity insurance programs including risk and claims management services in Canada. In the U.S., Intact Insurance Specialty Solutions provides a range of specialty insurance products and services through independent agencies, regional and national brokers, and wholesalers and managing general agencies. Products are underwritten by the insurance company subsidiaries of Intact Insurance Group USA, LLC. In Canada, Intact provides repair and restoration services through its subsidiary On Side Restoration, a leading restoration company, restoring damaged homes and businesses. We became a widely-held Canadian company and changed our name from ING Canada to Intact Financial Corporation in 2009. Learn more about our financial performance (TSX:
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666903374#1_2443909891
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http://intactfc.com/English/About-Us/Our-history/default.aspx
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Our History | Intact Financial Corporation
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Intact Financial Corporation: Our company today
Intact Financial Corporation: Our company today
Our early history
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In the U.S., Intact Insurance Specialty Solutions provides a range of specialty insurance products and services through independent agencies, regional and national brokers, and wholesalers and managing general agencies. Products are underwritten by the insurance company subsidiaries of Intact Insurance Group USA, LLC. In Canada, Intact provides repair and restoration services through its subsidiary On Side Restoration, a leading restoration company, restoring damaged homes and businesses. We became a widely-held Canadian company and changed our name from ING Canada to Intact Financial Corporation in 2009. Learn more about our financial performance (TSX: IFC) via Investor Relations. Our early history
Intact has a long and proud Canadian history. We are one of Canada’s oldest companies. Our roots date back to 1809 when a group of business people formed the Halifax Fire Insurance Association, later known as the Halifax Insurance Company. In the late 1950s, following the post-war Dutch immigration, the Nationale-Nederlanden, then one of the largest insurance companies in the Netherlands came to Canada and acquired the Halifax Insurance Company.
| 2,129 | 3,288 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666903374#2_2443911425
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http://intactfc.com/English/About-Us/Our-history/default.aspx
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Our History | Intact Financial Corporation
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Intact Financial Corporation: Our company today
Intact Financial Corporation: Our company today
Our early history
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IFC) via Investor Relations. Our early history
Intact has a long and proud Canadian history. We are one of Canada’s oldest companies. Our roots date back to 1809 when a group of business people formed the Halifax Fire Insurance Association, later known as the Halifax Insurance Company. In the late 1950s, following the post-war Dutch immigration, the Nationale-Nederlanden, then one of the largest insurance companies in the Netherlands came to Canada and acquired the Halifax Insurance Company. Growing across Canada & the United States
We have been growing across North America over the years. Here are some milestones: 1980s: acquired three well-known regional insurers - Commerce Group and Belair in Quebec, and Western Union in Alberta
1991: Nationale-Nederlanden merged with NMB Postbank to create ING Group, one of the first bancassurance groups in the world
1993:
| 2,792 | 3,664 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666903374#3_2443912676
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http://intactfc.com/English/About-Us/Our-history/default.aspx
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Our History | Intact Financial Corporation
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Intact Financial Corporation: Our company today
Intact Financial Corporation: Our company today
Our early history
|
Growing across Canada & the United States
We have been growing across North America over the years. Here are some milestones: 1980s: acquired three well-known regional insurers - Commerce Group and Belair in Quebec, and Western Union in Alberta
1991: Nationale-Nederlanden merged with NMB Postbank to create ING Group, one of the first bancassurance groups in the world
1993: we brought together the separate entities under the umbrella of ING Canada
1998: acquired Guardian Insurance’s business in Canada
2001: acquired Zurich Canada’s home, auto and small and medium business insurance portfolio. Halifax Insurance Company, Commerce Group and Western Union were later merged to form ING Insurance. Belair became the first company in North America to offer insurance products online under the name belairdirect
2004:
| 3,288 | 4,106 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666903374#4_2443913879
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http://intactfc.com/English/About-Us/Our-history/default.aspx
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Our History | Intact Financial Corporation
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Intact Financial Corporation: Our company today
Intact Financial Corporation: Our company today
Our early history
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we brought together the separate entities under the umbrella of ING Canada
1998: acquired Guardian Insurance’s business in Canada
2001: acquired Zurich Canada’s home, auto and small and medium business insurance portfolio. Halifax Insurance Company, Commerce Group and Western Union were later merged to form ING Insurance. Belair became the first company in North America to offer insurance products online under the name belairdirect
2004: acquired Allianz Canada. This was soon followed by our Initial Public Offering, and we started trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange with ING Group retaining 70% ownership
2009: ING Canada became Intact Financial Corporation, with 100% of its common shares traded on the TSX following ING Group’s divestiture of its holdings
2011: acquired AXA Canada Inc., the 6th largest property and casualty insurance provider in the country
2012: acquired Jevco Insurance Company, a leading provider of specialty and niche insurance products for individuals and businesses in Canada
2015:
| 3,665 | 4,683 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666903374#5_2443915289
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http://intactfc.com/English/About-Us/Our-history/default.aspx
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Our History | Intact Financial Corporation
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Intact Financial Corporation: Our company today
Intact Financial Corporation: Our company today
Our early history
|
acquired Allianz Canada. This was soon followed by our Initial Public Offering, and we started trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange with ING Group retaining 70% ownership
2009: ING Canada became Intact Financial Corporation, with 100% of its common shares traded on the TSX following ING Group’s divestiture of its holdings
2011: acquired AXA Canada Inc., the 6th largest property and casualty insurance provider in the country
2012: acquired Jevco Insurance Company, a leading provider of specialty and niche insurance products for individuals and businesses in Canada
2015: acquired Canadian Direct Insurance Inc. (CDI), a property and casualty insurance company providing direct-to-consumer personal insurance solutions throughout British Columbia and Alberta. CDI was subsequently integrated with belairdirect, expanding its operations from coast to coast
2017: acquired OneBeacon Insurance Group, Ltd.; a leading U.S. specialty insurer focused on small to midsize businesses. The transaction makes us a leading speciality insurer in North America with over C$2 billion in annual premiums
2019:
| 4,107 | 5,206 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666903374#6_2443916769
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http://intactfc.com/English/About-Us/Our-history/default.aspx
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Our History | Intact Financial Corporation
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Intact Financial Corporation: Our company today
Intact Financial Corporation: Our company today
Our early history
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acquired Canadian Direct Insurance Inc. (CDI), a property and casualty insurance company providing direct-to-consumer personal insurance solutions throughout British Columbia and Alberta. CDI was subsequently integrated with belairdirect, expanding its operations from coast to coast
2017: acquired OneBeacon Insurance Group, Ltd.; a leading U.S. specialty insurer focused on small to midsize businesses. The transaction makes us a leading speciality insurer in North America with over C$2 billion in annual premiums
2019: acquired On Side Restoration, a leading restoration company, restoring damaged homes and businesses in Canada. Intact will gain full ownership of On Side Restoration over a two-year period. The transaction will strengthen repair and restoration services for personal and commercial property claims customers across Canada. 2019: acquired The Guarantee Company of North America, a specialty lines insurer in Canada and the U.S., and Frank Cowan Company Limited, a managing general agent focused on specialty insurance.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666909531#0_2443918181
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http://intactforests.org/
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Intact Forest Landscapes
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Intact Forest Landscapes
Intact Forest Landscapes
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Intact Forest Landscapes
Intact Forest Landscapes
An Intact Forest Landscape (IFL) is a seamless mosaic of forest and naturally treeless ecosystems within the zone of current forest extent, which exhibit no remotely detected signs of human activity or habitat fragmentation and is large enough to maintain all native biological diversity, including viable populations of wide-ranging species. IFLs have high conservation value and are critical for stabilizing terrestrial carbon storage, harboring biodiversity, regulating hydrological regimes, and providing other ecosystem functions. The IFL concept and its technical definition were introduced to help create, implement, and monitor policies concerning the landscapes alteration and fragmentation at the regional-to-global levels. The essence of the IFL method is to use freely available medium spatial resolution satellite imagery to establish the boundaries of large undeveloped forest areas, so called Intact Forest Landscapes (IFL), and to use these boundaries as a baseline for forest degradation monitoring. Developed by a team of research and environmental organizations ( University of Maryland, Greenpeace, World Resources Institute, and Transparent World ), the IFL concept, mapping and monitoring algorithms have been used in forest degradation assessments, forestry certification, conservation policy improvement, and scientific research. The IFL method could be used for fast and cost-effective assessment and monitoring of forest degradation in the context of REDD+ mechanism and for responsible forest management certification process, e.g. according to the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) standards. The first global IFL map was prepared in 2005-2006 under the leadership of Greenpeace, with contributions from: Biodiversity Conservation Center, International Socio-Ecological Union, and Transparent World (Russia), Luonto Liitto (Finnish Nature League), Forest Watch Indonesia, and Global Forest Watch, a network initiated by the World Resources Institute. The map showed IFL extent for year 2000 and enabled measuring of forest degradation (understood as a reduction in ecological integrity across a forest landscape) at the global, biome and national levels. The global IFL map update was performed in 2014 by Greenpeace, The University of Maryland and Transparent World, with support from the World Resources Institute and WWF Russia.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666909531#1_2443920861
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http://intactforests.org/
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Intact Forest Landscapes
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Intact Forest Landscapes
Intact Forest Landscapes
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The IFL method could be used for fast and cost-effective assessment and monitoring of forest degradation in the context of REDD+ mechanism and for responsible forest management certification process, e.g. according to the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) standards. The first global IFL map was prepared in 2005-2006 under the leadership of Greenpeace, with contributions from: Biodiversity Conservation Center, International Socio-Ecological Union, and Transparent World (Russia), Luonto Liitto (Finnish Nature League), Forest Watch Indonesia, and Global Forest Watch, a network initiated by the World Resources Institute. The map showed IFL extent for year 2000 and enabled measuring of forest degradation (understood as a reduction in ecological integrity across a forest landscape) at the global, biome and national levels. The global IFL map update was performed in 2014 by Greenpeace, The University of Maryland and Transparent World, with support from the World Resources Institute and WWF Russia. The new analysis shows extent of IFL by the end of year 2013, and their degradation since year 2000. The IFL map update based on the same data source and methodology as year 2000 mapping to ensure globally consistent dataset. The 13-years monitoring results revealed the alarming speed at which the world’s intact forests are being degraded. A sample-based analysis within IFL change area allowed us to identify proximate causes of IFL area loss, and to measure an effectiveness of IFL protection strategies (see Publications ). In the end of 2017 – early 2018, The University of Maryland, Wildlife Conservation Society, Greenpeace, and Transparent World completed the update of the global IFL map for the year 2016.
| 1,416 | 3,137 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666909531#2_2443922841
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http://intactforests.org/
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Intact Forest Landscapes
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Intact Forest Landscapes
Intact Forest Landscapes
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The new analysis shows extent of IFL by the end of year 2013, and their degradation since year 2000. The IFL map update based on the same data source and methodology as year 2000 mapping to ensure globally consistent dataset. The 13-years monitoring results revealed the alarming speed at which the world’s intact forests are being degraded. A sample-based analysis within IFL change area allowed us to identify proximate causes of IFL area loss, and to measure an effectiveness of IFL protection strategies (see Publications ). In the end of 2017 – early 2018, The University of Maryland, Wildlife Conservation Society, Greenpeace, and Transparent World completed the update of the global IFL map for the year 2016. The project was funded by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Wildlife Conservation Society, and Greenpeace. The update employed Landsat data and annual forest cover change products produced by the Global Land Analysis and Discover lab. We used the year 2016 latest available cloud-free Landsat observation composites for visual IFL change assessment. The update IFL layer represent situation as close as possible to the end for the year 2016 and beginning of the year 2017. The map can be used in the framework of Forest Stewardship Council responsible forest management certification that require the IFL extent for January 1, 2017.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666909531#3_2443924466
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http://intactforests.org/
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Intact Forest Landscapes
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Intact Forest Landscapes
Intact Forest Landscapes
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The project was funded by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Wildlife Conservation Society, and Greenpeace. The update employed Landsat data and annual forest cover change products produced by the Global Land Analysis and Discover lab. We used the year 2016 latest available cloud-free Landsat observation composites for visual IFL change assessment. The update IFL layer represent situation as close as possible to the end for the year 2016 and beginning of the year 2017. The map can be used in the framework of Forest Stewardship Council responsible forest management certification that require the IFL extent for January 1, 2017. The significance of the IFL analysis method and map lies in its power to enable and catalyze practical conservation planning and action with regard to large undeveloped forest landscapes. Protection of large natural forest landscapes is a highly important task to help fulfill different international strategic initiatives to protect forest biodiversity ( CBD ), to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation ( IGBP, REDD) and to stimulate sustainable forestry management practice use ( FSC ). The IUCN World Conservation Congress in 2016 adopted a motion ( Motion 048) that "encourages states, the private sector and international financial institutions to: a. avoid loss and degradation of primary forests, including intact forest landscapes; b. promote conservation of primary forests, including intact forest landscapes".
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666909531#4_2443926215
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http://intactforests.org/
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Intact Forest Landscapes
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Intact Forest Landscapes
Intact Forest Landscapes
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The significance of the IFL analysis method and map lies in its power to enable and catalyze practical conservation planning and action with regard to large undeveloped forest landscapes. Protection of large natural forest landscapes is a highly important task to help fulfill different international strategic initiatives to protect forest biodiversity ( CBD ), to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation ( IGBP, REDD) and to stimulate sustainable forestry management practice use ( FSC ). The IUCN World Conservation Congress in 2016 adopted a motion ( Motion 048) that "encourages states, the private sector and international financial institutions to: a. avoid loss and degradation of primary forests, including intact forest landscapes; b. promote conservation of primary forests, including intact forest landscapes". Conservation of Intact Forest Landscapes is a task of great global significance. New and existing infrastructure development, timber harvesting, and mineral resources extraction project should avoid fragmentation of remaining IFLs. IFLs should be considered when existing protected area networks are revised and expanded. We also suggest that monitoring of forest intactness should be treated as an important aspect of national and global forest assessments. All up-to-date IFL maps and IFL monitoring results are available online on this website in formats suitable for use in professional GIS as well as in freeware GIS browsers.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666909531#5_2443927946
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http://intactforests.org/
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Intact Forest Landscapes
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Intact Forest Landscapes
Intact Forest Landscapes
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Conservation of Intact Forest Landscapes is a task of great global significance. New and existing infrastructure development, timber harvesting, and mineral resources extraction project should avoid fragmentation of remaining IFLs. IFLs should be considered when existing protected area networks are revised and expanded. We also suggest that monitoring of forest intactness should be treated as an important aspect of national and global forest assessments. All up-to-date IFL maps and IFL monitoring results are available online on this website in formats suitable for use in professional GIS as well as in freeware GIS browsers. The IFL map can be viewed on-line on our website as well as on Global Forest Watch platform and on the Global Forest Change web-map supported by the Google Earth Engine. On the Global Forest Change map you may overlay IFL with the latest forest cover loss dataset to identify recent changes, and with year 2000 forest cover to separate forest and non-forest ecosystems within IFL areas. The IFL Mapping Team is deeply grateful to Global Forest Watch and Google Earth Engine teams for their support with IFL visualization. The IFL Mapping Team is continuing to improve the IFL base map and to provide periodically updates as new data, technologies, and more sophisticated sources of information appears. Please check News & Updates for information about the latest map release.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666909531#6_2443929603
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http://intactforests.org/
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Intact Forest Landscapes
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Intact Forest Landscapes
Intact Forest Landscapes
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The IFL map can be viewed on-line on our website as well as on Global Forest Watch platform and on the Global Forest Change web-map supported by the Google Earth Engine. On the Global Forest Change map you may overlay IFL with the latest forest cover loss dataset to identify recent changes, and with year 2000 forest cover to separate forest and non-forest ecosystems within IFL areas. The IFL Mapping Team is deeply grateful to Global Forest Watch and Google Earth Engine teams for their support with IFL visualization. The IFL Mapping Team is continuing to improve the IFL base map and to provide periodically updates as new data, technologies, and more sophisticated sources of information appears. Please check News & Updates for information about the latest map release. News & Updates
05.22.2018
IFL 2000-2013-2016 monitoring results are available for download
Read more...
Mapping Team
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666915936#0_2443930757
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http://intactwiki.org/wiki/Jewish_Circumcision
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Jewish Circumcision - IntactWiki
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Jewish Circumcision
Jewish Circumcision
Contents
Milah
Peri'ah
Metzitzah B'peh
How Jewish and Non-Jewish Circumcision Differ
References
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Jewish Circumcision - IntactWiki
Jewish Circumcision
THIS ARTICLE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Mohels often use some sort of device to keep the glans from being severed. In Jewish tradition, boys are circumcised on their 8th day of life. The circumcision is conducted by a traditional circumciser called a mohel in a ritual known as a bris. There are three stages in how a traditional Jewish circumcision is performed; these are milah, peri'ah, and metsitsah b'peh . Contents
[ hide ]
1 Milah
2 Peri'ah
3 Metzitzah B'peh
4 How Jewish and Non-Jewish Circumcision Differ
5 References
Milah
The penis after original milah. The first stage of a ritual circumcision, the initial cut, is called milah in Hebrew. The Hebrew word for "covenant," is brit in the Sephardic pronunciation now used in Israel, or bris in the Ashkenazic pronunciation used over the centuries by European Jews outside of Spain and Portugal, hence the terms brit milah, or bris milah. Most Jewish Americans are familiar with the term "bris," as in "They're having the bris tomorrow." The term bris is well known, but few Jews realize that it means "covenant" rather than circumcision.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666915936#1_2443932291
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http://intactwiki.org/wiki/Jewish_Circumcision
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Jewish Circumcision - IntactWiki
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Jewish Circumcision
Jewish Circumcision
Contents
Milah
Peri'ah
Metzitzah B'peh
How Jewish and Non-Jewish Circumcision Differ
References
|
Contents
[ hide ]
1 Milah
2 Peri'ah
3 Metzitzah B'peh
4 How Jewish and Non-Jewish Circumcision Differ
5 References
Milah
The penis after original milah. The first stage of a ritual circumcision, the initial cut, is called milah in Hebrew. The Hebrew word for "covenant," is brit in the Sephardic pronunciation now used in Israel, or bris in the Ashkenazic pronunciation used over the centuries by European Jews outside of Spain and Portugal, hence the terms brit milah, or bris milah. Most Jewish Americans are familiar with the term "bris," as in "They're having the bris tomorrow." The term bris is well known, but few Jews realize that it means "covenant" rather than circumcision. Originally, Jewish circumcision, or "milah" only involved the removal of just the tip of the foreskin. This was realized by pulling the loose edge of the foreskin up through a protective device and slicing it off. The result was a penis that still retained much of the foreskin, with just the tip of the glans protruding. Peri'ah
At birth, the foreskin is adhered to the glans like a nail to a finger. Peri'ah (a Hebrew word that means "opening") is a second stage that was later added to the original milah procedure, which involves ripping the adhering mucous membrane from the glans, and removing foreskin as far as the base of the glans (AKA the corona) so that it is completely and permanently exposed.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666915936#2_2443934075
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http://intactwiki.org/wiki/Jewish_Circumcision
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Jewish Circumcision - IntactWiki
|
Jewish Circumcision
Jewish Circumcision
Contents
Milah
Peri'ah
Metzitzah B'peh
How Jewish and Non-Jewish Circumcision Differ
References
|
Originally, Jewish circumcision, or "milah" only involved the removal of just the tip of the foreskin. This was realized by pulling the loose edge of the foreskin up through a protective device and slicing it off. The result was a penis that still retained much of the foreskin, with just the tip of the glans protruding. Peri'ah
At birth, the foreskin is adhered to the glans like a nail to a finger. Peri'ah (a Hebrew word that means "opening") is a second stage that was later added to the original milah procedure, which involves ripping the adhering mucous membrane from the glans, and removing foreskin as far as the base of the glans (AKA the corona) so that it is completely and permanently exposed. This stage of Jewish circumcision was implemented in the 2nd century by hardline rabbis who wanted to make it difficult for Jewish men to restore. It was customary for Greek athletes at the time to compete naked, and Jewish men were stretching out their foreskins to match their Greek counterparts, from at least as early as the 2nd century BCE. Metzitzah B'peh
A mohel performing metzitzah b'peh on a newly circumcised infant. Metzitzah b'peh (a word that means "sucking" in Hebrew) is a third stage of a traditional Jewish circumcision, although nowadays it is perfomed by only a few rigorously Orthodox mohels. In this stage, the mohel sucks on the bleeding penis of the infant with his mouth;
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666915936#3_2443935859
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http://intactwiki.org/wiki/Jewish_Circumcision
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Jewish Circumcision - IntactWiki
|
Jewish Circumcision
Jewish Circumcision
Contents
Milah
Peri'ah
Metzitzah B'peh
How Jewish and Non-Jewish Circumcision Differ
References
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This stage of Jewish circumcision was implemented in the 2nd century by hardline rabbis who wanted to make it difficult for Jewish men to restore. It was customary for Greek athletes at the time to compete naked, and Jewish men were stretching out their foreskins to match their Greek counterparts, from at least as early as the 2nd century BCE. Metzitzah B'peh
A mohel performing metzitzah b'peh on a newly circumcised infant. Metzitzah b'peh (a word that means "sucking" in Hebrew) is a third stage of a traditional Jewish circumcision, although nowadays it is perfomed by only a few rigorously Orthodox mohels. In this stage, the mohel sucks on the bleeding penis of the infant with his mouth; this is claimed to reduce bleeding, though the origin and initial significance of this practice is unclear. In the recent past, it was realized that some mohels were transmitting tuberculosis and syphilis by oral contact with freshly wounded penises, so a modified version of metzitzah b'peh has been introduced, where mohels suck blood through a glass tube, in order to avoid direct contact with the penis. In 2005, a mohel in New York was found to have infected three newborns with herpes via metzitzah b'peh, one of whom subsequently died. The Health Commissioner of the day, Thomas R. Frieden, basically pardoned Yitzchok Fischer, the mohel in question, and no further action was to be done regarding getting Orthodox leaders to abandon metzitzah b'peh. Frieden's open letter to the Jewish community can be read here .
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How Jewish and Non-Jewish Circumcision Differ
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this is claimed to reduce bleeding, though the origin and initial significance of this practice is unclear. In the recent past, it was realized that some mohels were transmitting tuberculosis and syphilis by oral contact with freshly wounded penises, so a modified version of metzitzah b'peh has been introduced, where mohels suck blood through a glass tube, in order to avoid direct contact with the penis. In 2005, a mohel in New York was found to have infected three newborns with herpes via metzitzah b'peh, one of whom subsequently died. The Health Commissioner of the day, Thomas R. Frieden, basically pardoned Yitzchok Fischer, the mohel in question, and no further action was to be done regarding getting Orthodox leaders to abandon metzitzah b'peh. Frieden's open letter to the Jewish community can be read here . Defenders of metzitzah b'peh say that there is no proof that it spreads disease at all. In Rockland County, where Fischer lives in the Hasidic community of Monsey, he had been barred from performing oral suction, but the state health department retracted a request it had made to him to stop the practice. And in New Jersey, where he has done some of his 12,000 circumcisions, health authorities have been silent. According to the Fischer's lawyer, there was no "conclusive proof" that he had spread herpes, and that he should be allowed to continue the practice. According to the mohel, the twin who died and the Staten Island boy both had herpes-like rashes before they were circumcised and were seen by a pediatrician who approved their circumcision (Fischer knew there was a problem and yet he continued?).
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How Jewish and Non-Jewish Circumcision Differ
References
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Defenders of metzitzah b'peh say that there is no proof that it spreads disease at all. In Rockland County, where Fischer lives in the Hasidic community of Monsey, he had been barred from performing oral suction, but the state health department retracted a request it had made to him to stop the practice. And in New Jersey, where he has done some of his 12,000 circumcisions, health authorities have been silent. According to the Fischer's lawyer, there was no "conclusive proof" that he had spread herpes, and that he should be allowed to continue the practice. According to the mohel, the twin who died and the Staten Island boy both had herpes-like rashes before they were circumcised and were seen by a pediatrician who approved their circumcision (Fischer knew there was a problem and yet he continued?). How Jewish and Non-Jewish Circumcision Differ
File: End result.gif
Aside from the ritual aspect, the end result is the same in Jewish and non-Jewish circumcision. Infant circumcision as it is known in the United States was modeled after the Jewish ritual, in particular, the way the foreskin is completely removed to permanently expose the glans. Although the surgical result is indistinguishable, there are differences in the way that Jewish and non-Jewish circumcision is performed. Firstly, a Jewish ritual circumcision requires the recitation of appropriate liturgy.
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Jewish Circumcision
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Metzitzah B'peh
How Jewish and Non-Jewish Circumcision Differ
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How Jewish and Non-Jewish Circumcision Differ
File: End result.gif
Aside from the ritual aspect, the end result is the same in Jewish and non-Jewish circumcision. Infant circumcision as it is known in the United States was modeled after the Jewish ritual, in particular, the way the foreskin is completely removed to permanently expose the glans. Although the surgical result is indistinguishable, there are differences in the way that Jewish and non-Jewish circumcision is performed. Firstly, a Jewish ritual circumcision requires the recitation of appropriate liturgy. According to Jewish religious law, the circumcision surgery by itself is of no validity. A circumcision performed by a doctor at a hospital is not considered valid according to Jewish law; a rabbi would have to inspect the circumcision to see that it is acceptable, and then would have to draw a drop of blood in order for the circumcision to be considered valid. Secondly, the manner in which the circumcision is performed is different. A mohel will pull as much skin forward as possible through a protective device that is supposed to keep the glans from being severed, and slice it off in a single cut.
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According to Jewish religious law, the circumcision surgery by itself is of no validity. A circumcision performed by a doctor at a hospital is not considered valid according to Jewish law; a rabbi would have to inspect the circumcision to see that it is acceptable, and then would have to draw a drop of blood in order for the circumcision to be considered valid. Secondly, the manner in which the circumcision is performed is different. A mohel will pull as much skin forward as possible through a protective device that is supposed to keep the glans from being severed, and slice it off in a single cut. A hospital circumcision is more intensive, employing the use of different clamps and devices, such as the Gomco clamp or Plastibell. In the most common procedure, the foreskin is first forcibly separated from the glans with a blunt object; it is then cut lengthwise and pulled through the clamp that will crush the foreskin before it is sliced off. When doctors use a Plastibell device, the foreskin is cut lengthwise in over to fit it over the device; the doctor then uses a string to tie off the foreskin, crushing it against the device.
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How Jewish and Non-Jewish Circumcision Differ
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A hospital circumcision is more intensive, employing the use of different clamps and devices, such as the Gomco clamp or Plastibell. In the most common procedure, the foreskin is first forcibly separated from the glans with a blunt object; it is then cut lengthwise and pulled through the clamp that will crush the foreskin before it is sliced off. When doctors use a Plastibell device, the foreskin is cut lengthwise in over to fit it over the device; the doctor then uses a string to tie off the foreskin, crushing it against the device. As in peri'ah, all flesh from the base of the glans up to the tip is removed. The foreskin is forcibly separated from the glans (a mohel traditionally does this with his fingernails). At hospitals, a clamp device is shoved between the glans and the foreskin; all of the foreskin up to the arrows is removed. It is notable that sometimes mohels may also double as physicians, and perform circumcisions on non-Jewish babies at hospitals using the tools that they use on Jewish boys.
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As in peri'ah, all flesh from the base of the glans up to the tip is removed. The foreskin is forcibly separated from the glans (a mohel traditionally does this with his fingernails). At hospitals, a clamp device is shoved between the glans and the foreskin; all of the foreskin up to the arrows is removed. It is notable that sometimes mohels may also double as physicians, and perform circumcisions on non-Jewish babies at hospitals using the tools that they use on Jewish boys. The Mogen clamp is a medical device created for use in hospitals, but it was modeled after a traditional barzel device used by mohels. Pictured: Mogen device. Pictured: Traditional barzel device.
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The Mogen clamp is a medical device created for use in hospitals, but it was modeled after a traditional barzel device used by mohels. Pictured: Mogen device. Pictured: Traditional barzel device. References
↑ Cohen, Shaye J. D. "A Brief History of Jewish Circumcision Blood." In The Covenant of Circumcision, ed. Elizabeth Wyner Mark. Hanover, N.H.: Brandeis University Press/University Press of New England, 2003.
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References
↑ Cohen, Shaye J. D. "A Brief History of Jewish Circumcision Blood." In The Covenant of Circumcision, ed. Elizabeth Wyner Mark. Hanover, N.H.: Brandeis University Press/University Press of New England, 2003. pp. 32. ↑ Glick, Leonard (2005). "" This Is My Covenant", Circumcision in the World of Temple Judaism". Marked in Your Flesh.
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pp. 32. ↑ Glick, Leonard (2005). "" This Is My Covenant", Circumcision in the World of Temple Judaism". Marked in Your Flesh. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 44. ISBN 0-19-517674-X. "For obvious reasons this was anathema to the rabbis:
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New York, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 44. ISBN 0-19-517674-X. "For obvious reasons this was anathema to the rabbis: tantamount to rejection of Judaism and defiance of rabbinic authority." ↑ Glick, Leonard (2005). "" This Is My Covenant", Circumcision in the World of Temple Judaism". Marked in Your Flesh. New York, New York:
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tantamount to rejection of Judaism and defiance of rabbinic authority." ↑ Glick, Leonard (2005). "" This Is My Covenant", Circumcision in the World of Temple Judaism". Marked in Your Flesh. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 31. ISBN 0-19-517674-X. "Foreskin stretching (called "uncircumcision," or epispasm) appears to have been a common practice among Hellenized Jewish men..."
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Keratinization - IntactWiki
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Keratinization
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Keratinization - IntactWiki
Keratinization
THIS ARTICLE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
The glans and mucosa of intact and circumcised human penises in adult males. Keratinization is the process whereby the surface of the glans and remaining mucosa of the circumcised penis become dry, toughened and hard. Normally, the glans is covered by the foreskin, keeping the surface of the glans and inner mucosa moist and supple. After circumcision, however, the glans and surrounding mucosa become permanently externalized, and they are exposed to the air and the constant abrasion of clothing. These areas dry out, causing layers of keratin to build, giving the glans and remaining mucosa a dry, leathery appearance. Keratin as "Protection"
It was hypothesized in the past that the layers of keratin resulting from circumcision provided a barrier of protection against sexually transmitted diseases. In 1986, Aaron J. Fink invented the idea that circumcision could prevent the transmission of HIV, arguing that the hard and toughened glans of the circumcised male resisted infection, while the soft and sensitive foreskin and glans mucosa of the intact male were ports of entry. Recent studies have shown this hypothesis to be false. One study found that there is "no difference between the keratinization of the inner and outer aspects of the adult male foreskin," and that "keratin layers alone were unlikely to explain why uncircumcised men are at higher risk for HIV infection." Another study found that "no difference can be clearly visualized between the inner and outer foreskin."
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Keratinization
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Keratin as "Protection"
It was hypothesized in the past that the layers of keratin resulting from circumcision provided a barrier of protection against sexually transmitted diseases. In 1986, Aaron J. Fink invented the idea that circumcision could prevent the transmission of HIV, arguing that the hard and toughened glans of the circumcised male resisted infection, while the soft and sensitive foreskin and glans mucosa of the intact male were ports of entry. Recent studies have shown this hypothesis to be false. One study found that there is "no difference between the keratinization of the inner and outer aspects of the adult male foreskin," and that "keratin layers alone were unlikely to explain why uncircumcised men are at higher risk for HIV infection." Another study found that "no difference can be clearly visualized between the inner and outer foreskin." Be that as it may, this hypothesis continues to be popular among researchers who advocate for circumcision as STD prevention. References
↑ Fink, Aaron J. "A possible Explanation for Heterosexual Male Infection with AIDS." New England Journal of Medicine 315, 18 (1986): 1167
↑ Dinh, MH; McRaven MD, Kelley Z, Penugonda S, Hope TJ (2010-03-27). "
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Keratinization
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Be that as it may, this hypothesis continues to be popular among researchers who advocate for circumcision as STD prevention. References
↑ Fink, Aaron J. "A possible Explanation for Heterosexual Male Infection with AIDS." New England Journal of Medicine 315, 18 (1986): 1167
↑ Dinh, MH; McRaven MD, Kelley Z, Penugonda S, Hope TJ (2010-03-27). " Keratinization of the adult male foreskin and implications for male circumcision.". AIDS 24 (6): 899-906. PMID 20098294. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20098294.
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Keratinization
Keratinization
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Keratinization of the adult male foreskin and implications for male circumcision.". AIDS 24 (6): 899-906. PMID 20098294. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20098294. Retrieved 2011-06-28. " We found no difference between the keratinization of the inner and outer aspects of the adult male foreskin. Keratin layers alone are unlikely to explain why uncircumcised men are at higher risk for HIV infection.". ↑ Dinh, Minh H; Sheila M Barry, Meegan R Anderson, Scott G McCoombe, Shetha A Shukair, Michael D McRaven, Thomas J Hope (2009-12-06), "HIV-1 Interactions and Infection in Adult Male Foreskin Explant Cultures" (PDF), 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Montreal, Canada, http://retroconference.org/2009/PDFs/502.pdf, retrieved 2011-06-28, "No difference can be clearly visualized between the inner and outer foreskin."
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Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
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8. Why can't I look up any word in my eBook? 9. When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition? 10. In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly. How do dictionaries work on Kindle? There are two ways of using a dictionary on Kindle devices. ( Please see below for more details on compatibility and dictionary settings for your particular model of Kindle.) First, you can set it as your default dictionary (also called primary dictionary in early models).
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In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly. How do dictionaries work on Kindle? There are two ways of using a dictionary on Kindle devices. ( Please see below for more details on compatibility and dictionary settings for your particular model of Kindle.) First, you can set it as your default dictionary (also called primary dictionary in early models). Once you have done this, you can select a word for lookup and view its definition in a pop-up window without leaving the book you’re reading. Second, you can type words in the search dictionary box. You need to access the dictionary directly from your Kindle’s Library in order to use this feature. On a Kindle, the box will appear at the bottom of the screen; on a Kindle Oasis, Kindle Voyage, Kindle Paperwhite, Kindle Fire, or Kindle app, click on the magnifying glass icon to bring up the search interface.
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Once you have done this, you can select a word for lookup and view its definition in a pop-up window without leaving the book you’re reading. Second, you can type words in the search dictionary box. You need to access the dictionary directly from your Kindle’s Library in order to use this feature. On a Kindle, the box will appear at the bottom of the screen; on a Kindle Oasis, Kindle Voyage, Kindle Paperwhite, Kindle Fire, or Kindle app, click on the magnifying glass icon to bring up the search interface. You can input a word and go directly to its entry. You can also browse through the full list of words included in the dictionary. To do this, go to the Table of Contents and select the "A-Z" link. What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with? Kindle Devices:
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You can input a word and go directly to its entry. You can also browse through the full list of words included in the dictionary. To do this, go to the Table of Contents and select the "A-Z" link. What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with? Kindle Devices: Our dictionaries are generally compatible with 2nd generation and newer Kindles, and Kindle Fires with Fire OS 4 or higher. As some languages (eg, Russian) have more limited compatibility, please refer to the product description for your dictionary for details. If you are unsure which generation Kindle you own, please see our Compatibility Table. Kindle Apps: Dictionary search via keyboard input is supported on the Kindle for iPad, Kindle for iPhone, Kindle for Android, Kindle for Mac, and Kindle for PC.
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In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
Our dictionaries are generally compatible with 2nd generation and newer Kindles, and Kindle Fires with Fire OS 4 or higher. As some languages (eg, Russian) have more limited compatibility, please refer to the product description for your dictionary for details. If you are unsure which generation Kindle you own, please see our Compatibility Table. Kindle Apps: Dictionary search via keyboard input is supported on the Kindle for iPad, Kindle for iPhone, Kindle for Android, Kindle for Mac, and Kindle for PC. To search in one of these apps, open the dictionary from your Library, and then click on the magnifying glass icon to bring up the search interface. In contrast to Kindle devices, this search will only display words matching the term you enter, rather than show the full list of dictionary words as you type. Default dictionary selection is currently supported in Kindle for iPad and Kindle for iPhone (version 4.0 and higher) and Kindle for Android (version 4.0 and higher), but not in Kindle for Mac or Kindle for PC. Dictionary features are not supported in Kindle Cloud Reader. Kindle Compatibility Table
Kindle Variant
Compatibility
Kindle Oasis
Compatible.
| 1,976 | 3,158 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#8_2443969180
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
To search in one of these apps, open the dictionary from your Library, and then click on the magnifying glass icon to bring up the search interface. In contrast to Kindle devices, this search will only display words matching the term you enter, rather than show the full list of dictionary words as you type. Default dictionary selection is currently supported in Kindle for iPad and Kindle for iPhone (version 4.0 and higher) and Kindle for Android (version 4.0 and higher), but not in Kindle for Mac or Kindle for PC. Dictionary features are not supported in Kindle Cloud Reader. Kindle Compatibility Table
Kindle Variant
Compatibility
Kindle Oasis
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle Voyage
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle Paperwhite
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported.
| 2,490 | 3,343 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#9_2443971005
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle Voyage
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle Paperwhite
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle Fire & Kindle Fire HD with Fire OS 4.0 or higher
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle Fire & Kindle Fire HD (1st/2nd generation)
No Default Dictionary feature.
| 3,159 | 3,600 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#10_2443972419
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
Kindle
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle Fire & Kindle Fire HD with Fire OS 4.0 or higher
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle Fire & Kindle Fire HD (1st/2nd generation)
No Default Dictionary feature. Dictionary can be searched via keyboard input. Kindle Touch
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle Keyboard
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported.
| 3,343 | 3,789 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#11_2443973838
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
Dictionary can be searched via keyboard input. Kindle Touch
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle Keyboard
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle DX
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle (2nd Generation)
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle (1st Generation)
Not Compatible
Kindle Reading Apps
Kindle for iOS (Kindle for iPad, Kindle for iPhone)
Compatible.
| 3,601 | 4,062 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#12_2443975276
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
Kindle DX
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle (2nd Generation)
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported. Kindle (1st Generation)
Not Compatible
Kindle Reading Apps
Kindle for iOS (Kindle for iPad, Kindle for iPhone)
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported in version 4.0 and higher. Kindle for Android
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported in version 4.0 and higher. Kindle for PC
Kindle for Mac
No Default Dictionary feature. Dictionary can be searched via keyboard input.
| 3,789 | 4,340 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#13_2443976802
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
Default Dictionary feature is supported in version 4.0 and higher. Kindle for Android
Compatible. Default Dictionary feature is supported in version 4.0 and higher. Kindle for PC
Kindle for Mac
No Default Dictionary feature. Dictionary can be searched via keyboard input. Kindle Cloud Reader
Not Compatibile
How do I set my default dictionary? In Kindle for iOS, Kindle for Android, or Kindle Fire (Fire OS 4+), perform the following steps: Tap on a word to look it up. When the Dictionary pop-up window appears, you will see a button with either the name of the current default dictionary or the text "Change Dictionary". Tap on this button to bring up the list of available dictionaries, then select the dictionary you want to use as default from the list.
| 4,063 | 4,831 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#14_2443978541
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
Kindle Cloud Reader
Not Compatibile
How do I set my default dictionary? In Kindle for iOS, Kindle for Android, or Kindle Fire (Fire OS 4+), perform the following steps: Tap on a word to look it up. When the Dictionary pop-up window appears, you will see a button with either the name of the current default dictionary or the text "Change Dictionary". Tap on this button to bring up the list of available dictionaries, then select the dictionary you want to use as default from the list. On a 4th generation or later Kindle, Kindle Oasis, Kindle Paperwhite, or Kindle Voyage, perform the following steps: Press the Home key. At the Home screen, select Menu, then Settings. At the Settings screen, the next step will depend on your device: On the Kindle, scroll down until you see "Dictionaries", then select it
On the Kindle Oasis, Voyage, or Paperwhite, select "Language and Dictionaries", then "Dictionaries"
In the Dictionaries list, you can select a default dictionary for each language for which you have multiple dictionaries.
| 4,340 | 5,380 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#15_2443980555
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
On a 4th generation or later Kindle, Kindle Oasis, Kindle Paperwhite, or Kindle Voyage, perform the following steps: Press the Home key. At the Home screen, select Menu, then Settings. At the Settings screen, the next step will depend on your device: On the Kindle, scroll down until you see "Dictionaries", then select it
On the Kindle Oasis, Voyage, or Paperwhite, select "Language and Dictionaries", then "Dictionaries"
In the Dictionaries list, you can select a default dictionary for each language for which you have multiple dictionaries. For example, if you have dictionaries for English, Spanish and German, you will see these languages listed along with the current default dictionary for each. (If you only have one dictionary for a particular language, it is pre-selected as default and there is nothing you need to do.) When multiple dictionaries are available for a particular language, either a right arrow or the text “change default” will be displayed in the right margin. To change the current selection on Kindle Oasis, Kindle Voyage, Kindle Paperwhite, or Kindle Touch, tap on it; to change it on a non-touch screen Kindle, select it with the navigation key, then press OK.
| 4,831 | 6,035 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#16_2443982738
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
For example, if you have dictionaries for English, Spanish and German, you will see these languages listed along with the current default dictionary for each. (If you only have one dictionary for a particular language, it is pre-selected as default and there is nothing you need to do.) When multiple dictionaries are available for a particular language, either a right arrow or the text “change default” will be displayed in the right margin. To change the current selection on Kindle Oasis, Kindle Voyage, Kindle Paperwhite, or Kindle Touch, tap on it; to change it on a non-touch screen Kindle, select it with the navigation key, then press OK. A list of available dictionaries for that language will be displayed. Select the dictionary you want to use as default, then select OK. In 2nd & 3rd generation Kindles, perform the following steps: Press the Home key. At the Home screen, select Menu, then Settings.
| 5,381 | 6,303 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#17_2443984632
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
A list of available dictionaries for that language will be displayed. Select the dictionary you want to use as default, then select OK. In 2nd & 3rd generation Kindles, perform the following steps: Press the Home key. At the Home screen, select Menu, then Settings. At the Settings screen, press Menu again, then select Change Primary Dictionary. In the Dictionaries list, you can select a default dictionary for lookup. Highlight the dictionary you want to use, and then press OK. Note: The dictionary you select will only look up words for eBooks tagged in the same language.
| 6,036 | 6,620 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#18_2443986178
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
At the Settings screen, press Menu again, then select Change Primary Dictionary. In the Dictionaries list, you can select a default dictionary for lookup. Highlight the dictionary you want to use, and then press OK. Note: The dictionary you select will only look up words for eBooks tagged in the same language. For example, if you highlight a word in an eBook tagged as German, you will only be able to use a dictionary that is tagged as German. See the description of your specific eBook (s) to verify this information. When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens. In 4th generation and later Kindles, Kindle Oasis, Kindle Voyage, Kindle Paperwhite, and Kindle Touch, if you only have one dictionary for a particular language, there is nothing for you to do. The dictionary displayed is pre-selected as the default for the corresponding language.
| 6,304 | 7,192 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#19_2443988029
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
For example, if you highlight a word in an eBook tagged as German, you will only be able to use a dictionary that is tagged as German. See the description of your specific eBook (s) to verify this information. When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens. In 4th generation and later Kindles, Kindle Oasis, Kindle Voyage, Kindle Paperwhite, and Kindle Touch, if you only have one dictionary for a particular language, there is nothing for you to do. The dictionary displayed is pre-selected as the default for the corresponding language. Why does the dictionary only translate one way? It is the way the Kindle eBook reader is designed. Amazon only allows publishers to define a single direction for word lookup in an eBook, which means a single-volume print bilingual dictionary must be offered as two separate eBooks in the Kindle Store. For example, if a print bilingual dictionary contains both German-English and English-German sections, we make it available as two eBooks for Kindle: a German-English dictionary for lookup of German words and an English-German dictionary for lookup of English words.
| 6,621 | 7,768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#20_2443990140
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
Why does the dictionary only translate one way? It is the way the Kindle eBook reader is designed. Amazon only allows publishers to define a single direction for word lookup in an eBook, which means a single-volume print bilingual dictionary must be offered as two separate eBooks in the Kindle Store. For example, if a print bilingual dictionary contains both German-English and English-German sections, we make it available as two eBooks for Kindle: a German-English dictionary for lookup of German words and an English-German dictionary for lookup of English words. Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary? Yes, you can do this on Kindle Oasis, Kindle Voyage, and Kindle Paperwhite. From the Home screen, bring up the Menu and select Settings. Select "Language & Dictionaries", then "Keyboards". Choose the keyboard for the language in which you'll be searching for words (for instance, if you have a Russian-English dictionary, you should select "Russian" here).
| 7,192 | 8,198 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#21_2443992115
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary? Yes, you can do this on Kindle Oasis, Kindle Voyage, and Kindle Paperwhite. From the Home screen, bring up the Menu and select Settings. Select "Language & Dictionaries", then "Keyboards". Choose the keyboard for the language in which you'll be searching for words (for instance, if you have a Russian-English dictionary, you should select "Russian" here). Note that you may need WiFi access to download your keyboard, depending on the language. Once you have activated the keyboard, open your dictionary from the "Dictionaries" folder in your Library. Tap on the magnifying glass icon to bring up the search. Once you see the keyboard on screen, tap on the Globe icon next to the space bar until you see the keyboard you want to use. Pressing it repeatedly will cycle through all active keyboards on your device, allowing you to return to its default keyboard.
| 7,768 | 8,709 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#22_2443994027
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
Note that you may need WiFi access to download your keyboard, depending on the language. Once you have activated the keyboard, open your dictionary from the "Dictionaries" folder in your Library. Tap on the magnifying glass icon to bring up the search. Once you see the keyboard on screen, tap on the Globe icon next to the space bar until you see the keyboard you want to use. Pressing it repeatedly will cycle through all active keyboards on your device, allowing you to return to its default keyboard. I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens. There may be a few reasons for this behavior. a. First, check that you are trying to look up words in the supported language. The dictionary you select will only look up words with eBooks tagged in the same language. For example, if you highlight a word in an eBook tagged as Spanish, you will only be able to use a dictionary that is tagged as Spanish, such as a Spanish-English dictionary.
| 8,199 | 9,194 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#23_2443995988
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens. There may be a few reasons for this behavior. a. First, check that you are trying to look up words in the supported language. The dictionary you select will only look up words with eBooks tagged in the same language. For example, if you highlight a word in an eBook tagged as Spanish, you will only be able to use a dictionary that is tagged as Spanish, such as a Spanish-English dictionary. Conversely, if have an English-Spanish dictionary, you can only use it to look up words in an English eBook. See the description of your specific eBook (s) to verify this information. b. If you still have a problem, it may be that the language of your eBook (German, Spanish, etc.) is incorrectly defined as English. The publisher sets this language attribute.
| 8,709 | 9,558 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#24_2443997800
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
Conversely, if have an English-Spanish dictionary, you can only use it to look up words in an English eBook. See the description of your specific eBook (s) to verify this information. b. If you still have a problem, it may be that the language of your eBook (German, Spanish, etc.) is incorrectly defined as English. The publisher sets this language attribute. If this is the case, your Kindle will treat your eBook as being written in English and attempt to look up words (German, Spanish, etc.) in an English dictionary regardless of the primary dictionary selected (for the corresponding language). NOTE: Dictionary look-up should usually work correctly with eBooks purchased from Amazon, as long as "German Edition", “Spanish Edition”, etc. is present in the eBook title/description.
| 9,195 | 9,991 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666926830#25_2443999571
|
http://intangiblepress.com/help/kindle_dictionary_FAQ.html
|
Intangible Press: FAQ on Kindle Dictionaries
|
How do dictionaries work on Kindle?
What Kindle models and Kindle apps are the dictionaries compatible with?
How do I set my default dictionary?
When I press Enter to select the dictionary as default, nothing happens.
Why does the dictionary only translate one way?
Can I use a different keyboard to search for words in the dictionary?
I have set the dictionary as default, but when I try to look up words, nothing happens.
Why can't I look up any word in my eBook?
When I look up a word, why does the definition that appears in the pop-up window run into the next dictionary definition?
In the definition/translation pop-up box, sometimes the characters are missing or display incorrectly.
|
If this is the case, your Kindle will treat your eBook as being written in English and attempt to look up words (German, Spanish, etc.) in an English dictionary regardless of the primary dictionary selected (for the corresponding language). NOTE: Dictionary look-up should usually work correctly with eBooks purchased from Amazon, as long as "German Edition", “Spanish Edition”, etc. is present in the eBook title/description. However
| 9,559 | 10,000 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666942786#0_2444000987
|
http://intaver.com/risk-mitigation-and-response/
|
Risk Mitigation and Response Planning
Risk Mitigation and Risk Response are plan that are put in place to either minimize the probability that a risk will occur and the impact if it does occur. Risk Mitigation and Risk Response are plan that are put in place to either minimize the probability that a risk will occur and the impact if it does occur. Project Risk Management software and Project Risk Analysis software with Monte Carlo simulations by Intaver Institute
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Risk Mitigation and Response Planning
Home→ Risk Mitigation and Response Planning
Risk Planning
Risk Mitigation and Risk Response are plan that are put in place to either minimize the probability that a risk will occur and the impact if it does occur. Together they make a part of the risk planning process. The risk planning process occurs after risks have been identified and analyzed and provides an answer to the question of “What are we going to do about it?” In other words, once we know what project risks could occur (identify) and their expected impact (analyze), the next step is to put in place plans or strategies to minimize the project’s exposure to these risks in the most cost efficient manner possible. PMI would describe this as setting your strategy for each risk, which can be Avoid, Transfer, Mitigate, or Accept. Each of these strategies should be subject to a cost/benefit analysis. For example, avoiding a risk often means making changes to the project scope. This could mean that your do not deliver the capability that your customers require or miss some other important deliverable.
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In other words, once we know what project risks could occur (identify) and their expected impact (analyze), the next step is to put in place plans or strategies to minimize the project’s exposure to these risks in the most cost efficient manner possible. PMI would describe this as setting your strategy for each risk, which can be Avoid, Transfer, Mitigate, or Accept. Each of these strategies should be subject to a cost/benefit analysis. For example, avoiding a risk often means making changes to the project scope. This could mean that your do not deliver the capability that your customers require or miss some other important deliverable. Transferring risk requires that you can find someone else to accept the risk. For example, you may ask a vendor for a fixed cost bid to minimize your cost risk; however, research shows that these types of contracts include a risk premium above what a cost plus contract would incur. Accepting a risk means that you think that it is probably less expensive to accept the risk than spend time and money to minimize it, with the caveat that your assessment of possible impacts could be overly optimistic. Mitigation as a strategy is generally the last resort, as most organizations would prefer to avoid or transfer risk, unless they have a higher risk tolerance with expectation of higher reward.
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Transferring risk requires that you can find someone else to accept the risk. For example, you may ask a vendor for a fixed cost bid to minimize your cost risk; however, research shows that these types of contracts include a risk premium above what a cost plus contract would incur. Accepting a risk means that you think that it is probably less expensive to accept the risk than spend time and money to minimize it, with the caveat that your assessment of possible impacts could be overly optimistic. Mitigation as a strategy is generally the last resort, as most organizations would prefer to avoid or transfer risk, unless they have a higher risk tolerance with expectation of higher reward. Mitigation Planning
Mitigation planning is putting together a plan to “buy down” the risk. This entails activities that can have duration, cost, start and finish dates, and a manager or person responsible for the plan. A Mitigation plan can consist of one or more sub plans each with a cost, finish time etc. Normally a mitigation plan is a series of timed activities that will gradually minimize the risk exposure either by minimizing risk probability or impact. Common examples of risk mitigation plans are tests.
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Mitigation Planning
Mitigation planning is putting together a plan to “buy down” the risk. This entails activities that can have duration, cost, start and finish dates, and a manager or person responsible for the plan. A Mitigation plan can consist of one or more sub plans each with a cost, finish time etc. Normally a mitigation plan is a series of timed activities that will gradually minimize the risk exposure either by minimizing risk probability or impact. Common examples of risk mitigation plans are tests. A series of tests are planned on certain deliverables that if completed successfully will indicate both that the risk of failure is decreasing and probability of delivering on schedule and budget is increasing. If the tests are late or unsuccessful, this indicates that the probability of the risk occurring is increasing along with overall risk to your project. Risk Response
Risk responses are contingency plans. What are you going to do if the risk is realized? A risk response to a failed test might be that the project plan will switch to another more mature technology.
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A series of tests are planned on certain deliverables that if completed successfully will indicate both that the risk of failure is decreasing and probability of delivering on schedule and budget is increasing. If the tests are late or unsuccessful, this indicates that the probability of the risk occurring is increasing along with overall risk to your project. Risk Response
Risk responses are contingency plans. What are you going to do if the risk is realized? A risk response to a failed test might be that the project plan will switch to another more mature technology. This change in plan will have cost, schedule and technical implications that should be accounted for when you are generating expected values for your important project objectives: cost, schedule, capabilities, etc. Defining Risk Response Plan
Risk Mitigation and Response Planning in RiskyProject
RiskyProject includes a comprehensive risk planning and control capability that includes mitigation and response plans. Mitigation plans are composed of a few different features: the Mitigation and Response View, the Mitigation Waterfall Diagram, History and a Cost of Risk analysis.
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This change in plan will have cost, schedule and technical implications that should be accounted for when you are generating expected values for your important project objectives: cost, schedule, capabilities, etc. Defining Risk Response Plan
Risk Mitigation and Response Planning in RiskyProject
RiskyProject includes a comprehensive risk planning and control capability that includes mitigation and response plans. Mitigation plans are composed of a few different features: the Mitigation and Response View, the Mitigation Waterfall Diagram, History and a Cost of Risk analysis. To create a mitigation plan, you first need to add it to the Mitigation and Response Plan view. A mitigation plan includes a unique name, cost, planned reductions in probability and impact, manager. Once you have created a mitigation plan, you can assign it to a risk in the Waterfall Diagram. In the Waterfall Diagram, you add the mitigation plan but also a planned finish date (e.g. scheduled test). Most mitigation plans will have multiple steps that will occur, each time with the level of risk lowering in each one.
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To create a mitigation plan, you first need to add it to the Mitigation and Response Plan view. A mitigation plan includes a unique name, cost, planned reductions in probability and impact, manager. Once you have created a mitigation plan, you can assign it to a risk in the Waterfall Diagram. In the Waterfall Diagram, you add the mitigation plan but also a planned finish date (e.g. scheduled test). Most mitigation plans will have multiple steps that will occur, each time with the level of risk lowering in each one. The Waterfall Diagram will provide a total cost of the risk mitigation as well show where the risk sits on pre and post mitigated risk cubes. In the Risk Form, there is a cost of risk calculation that takes into account the expected cost of the risk (probability * cost) minus the cost of mitigation and residual risk. The simple calculation provides quick cost/benefit analysis of your plan. In addition, using the Risk History, you can plot this against the planned mitigation activities on the Waterfall Diagram. This visualizes the efficacy of your risk mitigation efforts by plotting planned vs actual changes to the risk over time.
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The Waterfall Diagram will provide a total cost of the risk mitigation as well show where the risk sits on pre and post mitigated risk cubes. In the Risk Form, there is a cost of risk calculation that takes into account the expected cost of the risk (probability * cost) minus the cost of mitigation and residual risk. The simple calculation provides quick cost/benefit analysis of your plan. In addition, using the Risk History, you can plot this against the planned mitigation activities on the Waterfall Diagram. This visualizes the efficacy of your risk mitigation efforts by plotting planned vs actual changes to the risk over time. Risk responses are similar to risk outcomes in that they can be an outcome of a risk during Monte Carlo simulation. However, risk responses can have both a cost and schedule impact; however, they can be assigned to more than one risk. Therefore, risk responses are useful to account for how a single plan could be used to respond to two or more correlated or otherwise related risks. To create a response plan, in the Mitigation and Response view add the plan with a cost and manager.
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Risk responses are similar to risk outcomes in that they can be an outcome of a risk during Monte Carlo simulation. However, risk responses can have both a cost and schedule impact; however, they can be assigned to more than one risk. Therefore, risk responses are useful to account for how a single plan could be used to respond to two or more correlated or otherwise related risks. To create a response plan, in the Mitigation and Response view add the plan with a cost and manager. The next step is to assign the response plan to one or more risks. In the Risk Register, select the risk to which you want to assign the response plan and click Risk Form on the ribbon. Near the bottom of the Risk Form, locate the Response Plan drop-down list. This includes a list of all of the response plans in your risk register. Select the plan you want to assign to the risk and click OK.
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The next step is to assign the response plan to one or more risks. In the Risk Register, select the risk to which you want to assign the response plan and click Risk Form on the ribbon. Near the bottom of the Risk Form, locate the Response Plan drop-down list. This includes a list of all of the response plans in your risk register. Select the plan you want to assign to the risk and click OK. The last step occurs when you are assigning the risk tasks or resources. After you have entered a probability, from the Outcome Type drop-down list, select “Execute risk response plan”. When you run a Monte Carlo simulation, the response plan will be executed probabilistically and accounted for as part of the schedule and cost analysis. Mitigation Waterfall Diagram in RiskyProject
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The last step occurs when you are assigning the risk tasks or resources. After you have entered a probability, from the Outcome Type drop-down list, select “Execute risk response plan”. When you run a Monte Carlo simulation, the response plan will be executed probabilistically and accounted for as part of the schedule and cost analysis. Mitigation Waterfall Diagram in RiskyProject
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Calculating Risk Scores for Project Risk Analysis
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Calculating Risk Scores
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores
Risk Probability Ranges
Risk Impact Ranges
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores with Multiple Impacts
Probability * highest impact
Probability * Average Impact
Calculation Risk Scores Based on Results of Quantitative Analysis
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Calculating Risk Scores for Project Risk Analysis
Calculating Risk Scores
Home → Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores
Risk score is a calculated number (score) that reflects the severity of a risk due to some factors. Typically, project risk scores are calculated by multiplying probability and impact though other factors, such as weighting may be also be part of calculation. For qualitative risk assessment, risk scores are normally calculated using factors based on ranges in probability and impact. In quantitative risk assessments, risk probability and impact inputs can be discrete values or statistical distributions. Risk Probability Ranges
Risk probability characterizes the chance that a certain event may occur during the course of a project. For example probability could be categorized into 5 levels: Very Low, Low, Medium, High, or Very High. The problem with these categories is that they can be very ambiguous and have different meanings depending upon who you asks. Some methods attempt to improve this by using categories such as Rare, Unlikely, Possible, Probable and Certain; however, this still leaves us with the question of defining what these terms actually mean.
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Calculating Risk Scores for Project Risk Analysis
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Calculating Risk Scores
Calculating Risk Scores
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Calculation Risk Scores Based on Results of Quantitative Analysis
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For example probability could be categorized into 5 levels: Very Low, Low, Medium, High, or Very High. The problem with these categories is that they can be very ambiguous and have different meanings depending upon who you asks. Some methods attempt to improve this by using categories such as Rare, Unlikely, Possible, Probable and Certain; however, this still leaves us with the question of defining what these terms actually mean. To clarify this we can add additional detail to each probability category so that there is a common understanding i.e. What does Rare or Very Low Probability mean? Therefore, it is recommended that each category has a probability definition. An example could be as shown below: Label
Probability range
Very Low
1 in 100
Low
1 in 10
Medium
1 in 5
High
1 in 2
Very High
≥ 1in 2
In this way, when assessing probability, all team members have a common understanding of the meaning of each category
Risk Impact Ranges
Like probability matrixes, assessing impacts can be just as problematic, if there is not a common definition of what each impact level means. In addition, risk impacts can affect more than one project objective such as cost, schedule, safety, quality or others.
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Calculating Risk Scores for Project Risk Analysis
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Calculating Risk Scores
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores
Risk Probability Ranges
Risk Impact Ranges
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores with Multiple Impacts
Probability * highest impact
Probability * Average Impact
Calculation Risk Scores Based on Results of Quantitative Analysis
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To clarify this we can add additional detail to each probability category so that there is a common understanding i.e. What does Rare or Very Low Probability mean? Therefore, it is recommended that each category has a probability definition. An example could be as shown below: Label
Probability range
Very Low
1 in 100
Low
1 in 10
Medium
1 in 5
High
1 in 2
Very High
≥ 1in 2
In this way, when assessing probability, all team members have a common understanding of the meaning of each category
Risk Impact Ranges
Like probability matrixes, assessing impacts can be just as problematic, if there is not a common definition of what each impact level means. In addition, risk impacts can affect more than one project objective such as cost, schedule, safety, quality or others. These are referred to as risk categories and can be assessed independently. For each risk category, we want to provide a common definition to aid in the assessment
Label
Cost
Schedule
Safety
Very Low
< 1%
1 day
Non injury accident
Low
1-5%
< 1 week
Requires medical attention
Medium
6-10%
2 weeks
Requires hospitalization
High
11- 20%
1 month
> 1 day work lost
Very High
> 20%
> 1 month
> Fatality
Calculating Risk Scores
In order to calculate risk score, we need assign a value to each of the probability and impact levels (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Our matrix now includes these values for each label
Label
Probability
Cost
Schedule
Safety
Very Low: 1
1 in 100
< 1%
1 day
Non injury accident
Low: 2
1 in 10
1-5%
< 1 week
Requires medical attention
Medium:
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Calculating Risk Scores for Project Risk Analysis
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Calculating Risk Scores
Calculating Risk Scores
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Calculating Risk Scores
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Calculation Risk Scores Based on Results of Quantitative Analysis
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These are referred to as risk categories and can be assessed independently. For each risk category, we want to provide a common definition to aid in the assessment
Label
Cost
Schedule
Safety
Very Low
< 1%
1 day
Non injury accident
Low
1-5%
< 1 week
Requires medical attention
Medium
6-10%
2 weeks
Requires hospitalization
High
11- 20%
1 month
> 1 day work lost
Very High
> 20%
> 1 month
> Fatality
Calculating Risk Scores
In order to calculate risk score, we need assign a value to each of the probability and impact levels (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Our matrix now includes these values for each label
Label
Probability
Cost
Schedule
Safety
Very Low: 1
1 in 100
< 1%
1 day
Non injury accident
Low: 2
1 in 10
1-5%
< 1 week
Requires medical attention
Medium: 3
1 in 5
6-10%
2 weeks
Requires hospitalization
High: 4
1 in 2
11- 20%
1 month
> 1 day work lost
Very High: 5
≥ 1 in 2
> 20%
> 1 month
> Fatality
If we had risk that was assessed to have a high probability and medium impact it would land on the matrix as shown below. The risk score = High (4) x Medium (3)= 12
Risk scores can then be further defined into categories such as Catastrophic, Serious, Moderate, and Low based on the calculated score
Catastrophic: ≥ 15
Serious:
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Calculating Risk Scores for Project Risk Analysis
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Calculating Risk Scores
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores
Risk Probability Ranges
Risk Impact Ranges
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores with Multiple Impacts
Probability * highest impact
Probability * Average Impact
Calculation Risk Scores Based on Results of Quantitative Analysis
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3
1 in 5
6-10%
2 weeks
Requires hospitalization
High: 4
1 in 2
11- 20%
1 month
> 1 day work lost
Very High: 5
≥ 1 in 2
> 20%
> 1 month
> Fatality
If we had risk that was assessed to have a high probability and medium impact it would land on the matrix as shown below. The risk score = High (4) x Medium (3)= 12
Risk scores can then be further defined into categories such as Catastrophic, Serious, Moderate, and Low based on the calculated score
Catastrophic: ≥ 15
Serious: ≥ 10
Medium: ≥ 5
Low: ≤ 4
Risk Scores with Multiple Impacts
As mentioned previous risks can have multiple impacts called risk categories. How do can calculate risk scores if there are multiple categories? Two common methods are:
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Calculating Risk Scores for Project Risk Analysis
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Calculating Risk Scores
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores
Risk Probability Ranges
Risk Impact Ranges
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores with Multiple Impacts
Probability * highest impact
Probability * Average Impact
Calculation Risk Scores Based on Results of Quantitative Analysis
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≥ 10
Medium: ≥ 5
Low: ≤ 4
Risk Scores with Multiple Impacts
As mentioned previous risks can have multiple impacts called risk categories. How do can calculate risk scores if there are multiple categories? Two common methods are: Probability * highest impact
Probability x highest impact: this is a very common qualitative risk scoring calculation in which the highest impact score for all of the impact is used to calculate the risk score. For example, if you had a risk that had been assessed: Probability: Very High (5)
Schedule:
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Calculating Risk Scores for Project Risk Analysis
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Calculating Risk Scores
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores
Risk Probability Ranges
Risk Impact Ranges
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores with Multiple Impacts
Probability * highest impact
Probability * Average Impact
Calculation Risk Scores Based on Results of Quantitative Analysis
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Probability * highest impact
Probability x highest impact: this is a very common qualitative risk scoring calculation in which the highest impact score for all of the impact is used to calculate the risk score. For example, if you had a risk that had been assessed: Probability: Very High (5)
Schedule: High (4)
Cost: Medium (3)
Safety: Low (2)
Risk score = Probability (5) x Highest Impact (4) = 20
Probability * Average Impact
This takes the probability and multiples it by the average score of all risk impacts. Using the example above, the risk score would be calculated: Risk Score = Probability (5) x 4+3+2/= 5 x 3 = 15
So we can see that the risk scoring calculation can have a fairly substantial impact on how the risk is assessed.
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Calculating Risk Scores for Project Risk Analysis
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Calculating Risk Scores
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores
Risk Probability Ranges
Risk Impact Ranges
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores with Multiple Impacts
Probability * highest impact
Probability * Average Impact
Calculation Risk Scores Based on Results of Quantitative Analysis
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High (4)
Cost: Medium (3)
Safety: Low (2)
Risk score = Probability (5) x Highest Impact (4) = 20
Probability * Average Impact
This takes the probability and multiples it by the average score of all risk impacts. Using the example above, the risk score would be calculated: Risk Score = Probability (5) x 4+3+2/= 5 x 3 = 15
So we can see that the risk scoring calculation can have a fairly substantial impact on how the risk is assessed. Calculation Risk Scores Based on Results of Quantitative Analysis
Calculating risk scores from quantitative risk analysis, such as schedule risk analysis, integrated cost and schedule risk analysis and others is both more complex and without any standard process. The reason for the complexity is that the inputs for the analysis are not ranges or labels of ranges, but can be expressed in numerous ways: discrete percentages (e.g. 25% probability that a risk will occur)
relative values: a 25% delay in a task
fixed values: a 15 day acceleration of a task
statistical distributions:
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Calculating Risk Scores for Project Risk Analysis
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Calculating Risk Scores
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores
Risk Probability Ranges
Risk Impact Ranges
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores with Multiple Impacts
Probability * highest impact
Probability * Average Impact
Calculation Risk Scores Based on Results of Quantitative Analysis
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Calculation Risk Scores Based on Results of Quantitative Analysis
Calculating risk scores from quantitative risk analysis, such as schedule risk analysis, integrated cost and schedule risk analysis and others is both more complex and without any standard process. The reason for the complexity is that the inputs for the analysis are not ranges or labels of ranges, but can be expressed in numerous ways: discrete percentages (e.g. 25% probability that a risk will occur)
relative values: a 25% delay in a task
fixed values: a 15 day acceleration of a task
statistical distributions: cost impacts with a Beta statistical distribution with Low $25,000, Most Likely $35,000, and High of $50,000. Impacts could be actions that restart, end, or cancel activities. In addition, risk scores have to account for the schedule precedent network, task cruciality, and critical path. An example would be where you r a risk with a high probability and impact that is assigned to a task that is not critical or near critical path. Though the risk may have a large impact on the specific task (s) and push it successors, it may have little or no effect on the overall project finish time.
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Calculating Risk Scores for Project Risk Analysis
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Calculating Risk Scores
Calculating Risk Scores
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Risk Probability Ranges
Risk Impact Ranges
Calculating Risk Scores
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Calculation Risk Scores Based on Results of Quantitative Analysis
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cost impacts with a Beta statistical distribution with Low $25,000, Most Likely $35,000, and High of $50,000. Impacts could be actions that restart, end, or cancel activities. In addition, risk scores have to account for the schedule precedent network, task cruciality, and critical path. An example would be where you r a risk with a high probability and impact that is assigned to a task that is not critical or near critical path. Though the risk may have a large impact on the specific task (s) and push it successors, it may have little or no effect on the overall project finish time. If we looked at a sensitivity analysis we would see that it has a very low correlation coefficient between the duration of the activity with the large risk and the project finish time. Because of this, we recommend that risk scores use Spearman Rank Correlation as part of the risk score calculation. The process for calculating the quantitative risk score: During simulation record the impact of risk on project parameters during each iteration. An example, Risk A occurs and causes 3 day delay and $20,000 cost increase.
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Calculating Risk Scores for Project Risk Analysis
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Calculating Risk Scores
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores
Risk Probability Ranges
Risk Impact Ranges
Calculating Risk Scores
Risk Scores with Multiple Impacts
Probability * highest impact
Probability * Average Impact
Calculation Risk Scores Based on Results of Quantitative Analysis
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If we looked at a sensitivity analysis we would see that it has a very low correlation coefficient between the duration of the activity with the large risk and the project finish time. Because of this, we recommend that risk scores use Spearman Rank Correlation as part of the risk score calculation. The process for calculating the quantitative risk score: During simulation record the impact of risk on project parameters during each iteration. An example, Risk A occurs and causes 3 day delay and $20,000 cost increase. Calculate the Spearman Rank Order coefficient between schedule and cost impacts for each risk and Project Cost, Finish Time, Duration etc. Normalize the correlation coefficient. Calculate probability based on the number of times the risk occurred during the simulation. This can be complicated as it is possible for risks to have multiple probabilities per assignment as well as different probabilities for different activities. Risk score for each risk category can now be calculated:
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Calculating Risk Scores for Project Risk Analysis
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Calculating Risk Scores
Calculating Risk Scores
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Calculation Risk Scores Based on Results of Quantitative Analysis
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Calculate the Spearman Rank Order coefficient between schedule and cost impacts for each risk and Project Cost, Finish Time, Duration etc. Normalize the correlation coefficient. Calculate probability based on the number of times the risk occurred during the simulation. This can be complicated as it is possible for risks to have multiple probabilities per assignment as well as different probabilities for different activities. Risk score for each risk category can now be calculated: calculated probability multiplied on normalized correlation coefficient. For risks that impact multiple categories, risk score for each category multiplied by a weight that represents the relative importance of the category. For example, if you had cost and schedule categories and schedule is 2x as important as cost, you would get an importance coefficients of .667 for schedule and .333 for Cost. Depending upon how you are analyzing your projects, the process you use can have a large impact on how your risks are assessed. Make sure you are aware of how the risks will be assessed and that you have common guidelines that explain how project probability and impact are assessed and the methodology used to calculate the risk scores.
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Sensitivity Analysis for Project Risk Management
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Sensitivity Analysis for Project Management
Sensitivity Analysis for Project Management
What is Sensitivity Analysis?
Spearman Rank Order Method
Sensitivity Analysis in Project Management
Sensitivity Analysis in RiskyProject
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Sensitivity Analysis for Project Risk Management
Sensitivity Analysis for Project Management
Home → Sensitivity Analysis for Project Management
What is Sensitivity Analysis? Sensitivity analysis is the quantitative risk assessment of how changes in a specific model variable impacts the output of the model. It is also a key result of Monte Carlo simulations of project schedules. Often referred to as a Tornado chart, sensitivity analysis shows which task variables (Cost, Start and Finish Times, Duration, etc) have the greatest impact on project parameters. In projects, we are looking at how uncertainties and risks assigned to specific activities correlate with variance in the project. For example, sensitivity analysis allows you to identify which task’s duration with uncertainty has the strongest correlation with the finish time of the project. It answers the question, which task inputs have the greatest impact on the key project objectives. This in turn provides clues to where project managers should look first when a management decision is required. Spearman Rank Order Method
For schedule risk analysis, Spearman rank order is a statistical method that generates a correlation coefficient from 0 to +1 where a score of 1 is a perfect correlation between the input and the output. In other words, it measures the strength of the relationship between the input and output variables.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666958284#1_2444037501
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http://intaver.com/sensitivity-analysis-for-project-management/
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Sensitivity Analysis for Project Risk Management
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Sensitivity Analysis for Project Management
Sensitivity Analysis for Project Management
What is Sensitivity Analysis?
Spearman Rank Order Method
Sensitivity Analysis in Project Management
Sensitivity Analysis in RiskyProject
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For example, sensitivity analysis allows you to identify which task’s duration with uncertainty has the strongest correlation with the finish time of the project. It answers the question, which task inputs have the greatest impact on the key project objectives. This in turn provides clues to where project managers should look first when a management decision is required. Spearman Rank Order Method
For schedule risk analysis, Spearman rank order is a statistical method that generates a correlation coefficient from 0 to +1 where a score of 1 is a perfect correlation between the input and the output. In other words, it measures the strength of the relationship between the input and output variables. For example, you would like to know how the changes in the cost of a particular material impacts the overall cost of a project and identify those which cause the greatest variance in the projects. Sensitivity Analysis in Project Management
In a very simple example, you have 2 materials with their most likely estimated low and high ranges
Material A: $1000 ($750 – $1500)
Material B: $10,000 ($9950 – $10, 100)
Total Base Cost is $11, 000
We want to understand how variances in the cost of specific materials impacts the variance of the total project costs. If we can identify what is causing the most cost variance, it may be possible to manage this risk in such a way to provide higher level of confidence in the expected cost of the project.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666958284#2_2444039464
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http://intaver.com/sensitivity-analysis-for-project-management/
|
Sensitivity Analysis for Project Risk Management
|
Sensitivity Analysis for Project Management
Sensitivity Analysis for Project Management
What is Sensitivity Analysis?
Spearman Rank Order Method
Sensitivity Analysis in Project Management
Sensitivity Analysis in RiskyProject
|
For example, you would like to know how the changes in the cost of a particular material impacts the overall cost of a project and identify those which cause the greatest variance in the projects. Sensitivity Analysis in Project Management
In a very simple example, you have 2 materials with their most likely estimated low and high ranges
Material A: $1000 ($750 – $1500)
Material B: $10,000 ($9950 – $10, 100)
Total Base Cost is $11, 000
We want to understand how variances in the cost of specific materials impacts the variance of the total project costs. If we can identify what is causing the most cost variance, it may be possible to manage this risk in such a way to provide higher level of confidence in the expected cost of the project. If we run a Monte Carlo risk analysis, we will see that expected cost can range from a low of $10,500 and a high of $12000, a $1500 possible variance. the goal of the sensitivity analysis is not to identify which input “costs” the most, but which one has strongest relationship between the its cost and the $1500 range we get from the results of the simulation. In a very simple example like the one above the answer is obvious and we get a correlation of .998 % between the cost of material A and Total Project Cost. The cost of material B, even though it is much higher, only has a correlation of .05 %. So if we want to improve cost surety, we should focus on minimizing the variance in material A. A possible management strategy would be to purchase all materials in advance for a slightly higher guaranteed price.
| 1,398 | 2,962 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666958284#3_2444041545
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http://intaver.com/sensitivity-analysis-for-project-management/
|
Sensitivity Analysis for Project Risk Management
|
Sensitivity Analysis for Project Management
Sensitivity Analysis for Project Management
What is Sensitivity Analysis?
Spearman Rank Order Method
Sensitivity Analysis in Project Management
Sensitivity Analysis in RiskyProject
|
If we run a Monte Carlo risk analysis, we will see that expected cost can range from a low of $10,500 and a high of $12000, a $1500 possible variance. the goal of the sensitivity analysis is not to identify which input “costs” the most, but which one has strongest relationship between the its cost and the $1500 range we get from the results of the simulation. In a very simple example like the one above the answer is obvious and we get a correlation of .998 % between the cost of material A and Total Project Cost. The cost of material B, even though it is much higher, only has a correlation of .05 %. So if we want to improve cost surety, we should focus on minimizing the variance in material A. A possible management strategy would be to purchase all materials in advance for a slightly higher guaranteed price. Sensitivity Analysis in RiskyProject
In RiskyProject, the Spearman rank order correlation is used extensively not only to for sensitivity analysis, but also incorporated into the calculation of risk scores are scored, and cruciality and success rate analysis. In RiskyProject, you can view the results of the sensitivity analysis in the Sensitivity Analysis view. You can view the sensitivity analysis for all project parameters Duration, Cost, Finish Time, and Success Rates as well as for each risk category. The analysis includes allows you to look at sensitivity for each of the above parameters for Task Duration, Task Start Time, Task Success Rate, Task Cost, Lags, and Risks. In addition, you can view the sensitivity for Task Finish Time for tasks using the Tornado Plot which can be found in most of the Analysis views.
| 2,143 | 3,791 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666958284#4_2444043695
|
http://intaver.com/sensitivity-analysis-for-project-management/
|
Sensitivity Analysis for Project Risk Management
|
Sensitivity Analysis for Project Management
Sensitivity Analysis for Project Management
What is Sensitivity Analysis?
Spearman Rank Order Method
Sensitivity Analysis in Project Management
Sensitivity Analysis in RiskyProject
|
Sensitivity Analysis in RiskyProject
In RiskyProject, the Spearman rank order correlation is used extensively not only to for sensitivity analysis, but also incorporated into the calculation of risk scores are scored, and cruciality and success rate analysis. In RiskyProject, you can view the results of the sensitivity analysis in the Sensitivity Analysis view. You can view the sensitivity analysis for all project parameters Duration, Cost, Finish Time, and Success Rates as well as for each risk category. The analysis includes allows you to look at sensitivity for each of the above parameters for Task Duration, Task Start Time, Task Success Rate, Task Cost, Lags, and Risks. In addition, you can view the sensitivity for Task Finish Time for tasks using the Tornado Plot which can be found in most of the Analysis views. Sensitivity Analysis view in RiskyProject
| 2,962 | 3,833 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666962603#0_2444045058
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http://intbarcoding.com/erp-integrations/kbm
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KBM
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KBM
KBM
About KBM
KBM Success Story
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KBM
KBM
About KBM
KBM was build as a Knowledge Based Manufacturing system that allowed users to streamline their business practices and simplify the manufacturing process. Today, KBM is part of the Infor family of iSeries ERP software packages that have been brought into the Infor family. Infor focus for KBM is to have existing user begin to migrate towards Infor LX solution as the two are very similar in functionality. We have the software solutions to meet all of your Infor KBM, or LX needs depending on what version you are using. From green screen integration, to System-Link, Webtop, or Net-Link interface. We are able to provide you with a solution that will allow your data collection to continue with seamless real-time integration into whatever version of Infor you are on today or into the future, and you can keep your existing hardware too! KBM Success Story
" QuikTrac -iSeries software solution has allowed us to integrate with our Infor KBM software in real-time and eliminated hand writing down of transactions. Our accuracy and production reporting has increased to 99% and we are now able to reduce our overall inventory levels due to our ability to accurately track materials in our facility. The savings alone helped pay for our system in 2 months!" Joe J.
Kidde Aerospace, Inc.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666964122#0_2444046625
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http://intectural.com/material/richlite/
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Richlite — Intectural
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Richlite — Intectural
Salmela Architect
Rothe Amundson
Photo: Paul Crosby
Salmela Architect
Family Retreat
Photo: Paul Crosby
Salmela Architect
Hall House
Photo: Paul Crosby
Salmela Architect
Family Retreat
Photo: Paul Crosby
What is Richlite? Richlite is a paper-based fiber composite material manufactured by Richlite Company. Based in Tacoma, Washington, Richlite Company pioneered the paper-composite surface industry beginning in 1943. Intectural is proud to offer this innovative, sustainable material made from Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certified paper. Richlite starts out as pulp and is turned into paper before being transformed into a beautiful, durable, weather-resistant material. This product can be used like wood for a variety of commercial or residential surfaces or design accents, from sink basins and exterior wall cladding to bathroom partitions, guard rails and pillar wraps.
| 0 | 904 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666964122#1_2444047761
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http://intectural.com/material/richlite/
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Richlite — Intectural
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Richlite is a paper-based fiber composite material manufactured by Richlite Company. Based in Tacoma, Washington, Richlite Company pioneered the paper-composite surface industry beginning in 1943. Intectural is proud to offer this innovative, sustainable material made from Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certified paper. Richlite starts out as pulp and is turned into paper before being transformed into a beautiful, durable, weather-resistant material. This product can be used like wood for a variety of commercial or residential surfaces or design accents, from sink basins and exterior wall cladding to bathroom partitions, guard rails and pillar wraps. Stain, water, scratch and heat resistant, Richlite surfaces come in a variety of colors and collections to suit all design tastes. An Indoor and Outdoor Material
Richlite’s Rainshadow Collection takes everything designers and architects love about Richlite and brings it outdoors. A sustainable alternative to other exterior wall paneling or wood, Rainshadow is manufactured to withstand outdoor elements with little to no maintenance. VISIT RICHLITE
Features
FSC-certified paper-based composite material
Greenguard certified
Contributes LEED points
Applications
Interior kitchen and bath, retail and restaurant surfaces
Wall caps and stair treads
Interior and exterior wall cladding
Benefits
Dense and durable
Heat-resistant up to 350 degrees
Handles long spans and cantilevers without extra support
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666964122#2_2444049748
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http://intectural.com/material/richlite/
|
Richlite — Intectural
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Stain, water, scratch and heat resistant, Richlite surfaces come in a variety of colors and collections to suit all design tastes. An Indoor and Outdoor Material
Richlite’s Rainshadow Collection takes everything designers and architects love about Richlite and brings it outdoors. A sustainable alternative to other exterior wall paneling or wood, Rainshadow is manufactured to withstand outdoor elements with little to no maintenance. VISIT RICHLITE
Features
FSC-certified paper-based composite material
Greenguard certified
Contributes LEED points
Applications
Interior kitchen and bath, retail and restaurant surfaces
Wall caps and stair treads
Interior and exterior wall cladding
Benefits
Dense and durable
Heat-resistant up to 350 degrees
Handles long spans and cantilevers without extra support
YouTube
Intectural
151 subscribers
Subscribe
Richlite Paper-Based Composite Material | Intectural
Tap to unmute
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Richlite Product Lines
Note that images of materials below are a close representation of color and texture, but actual product color and texture may vary. Heritage & Northwest
Richlite’s Northwest Collection comprises through-color products whose names reflect natural and historic landmarks near Richlite’s manufacturing facility in Tacoma, WA.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666964122#3_2444051707
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http://intectural.com/material/richlite/
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Richlite — Intectural
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To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer. Cancel
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Richlite Product Lines
Note that images of materials below are a close representation of color and texture, but actual product color and texture may vary. Heritage & Northwest
Richlite’s Northwest Collection comprises through-color products whose names reflect natural and historic landmarks near Richlite’s manufacturing facility in Tacoma, WA. It also includes Richlite’s recycled series, r50 and r100, whose names which reflect their percentage of recycled content. As this material ages, its color will darken and become richer, warmer and more dramatic. Richlite has a ‘mottled’ appearance, which patterns in a striated effect lengthwise, due to the natural variation in the way fibers lay within the paper used to make the material. View fullsize
Slate Black
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R50
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Maple Valley (R100)
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Chocolate Glacier
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Browns Point
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Blue Canyon
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Gray’s Harbor
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Redstone
Cascade
The Cascade Mountain Range is the quintessential backdrop of the Pacific Northwest and the inspiration for Richlite Company’s line of layered products. With solid-color tops and two- to three-tone edges, this collection offers designers a creative alternative.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666964122#4_2444053475
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http://intectural.com/material/richlite/
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Richlite — Intectural
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It also includes Richlite’s recycled series, r50 and r100, whose names which reflect their percentage of recycled content. As this material ages, its color will darken and become richer, warmer and more dramatic. Richlite has a ‘mottled’ appearance, which patterns in a striated effect lengthwise, due to the natural variation in the way fibers lay within the paper used to make the material. View fullsize
Slate Black
View fullsize
R50
View fullsize
Maple Valley (R100)
View fullsize
Chocolate Glacier
View fullsize
Browns Point
View fullsize
Blue Canyon
View fullsize
Gray’s Harbor
View fullsize
Redstone
Cascade
The Cascade Mountain Range is the quintessential backdrop of the Pacific Northwest and the inspiration for Richlite Company’s line of layered products. With solid-color tops and two- to three-tone edges, this collection offers designers a creative alternative. The multicolor paper composite surfaces blend the best of the natural and design worlds with subtle accents that enliven kitchens, baths and commercial environments. Cascade’s unique layering system can also be used for signage when the material is machined to reveal several contrasting colors. View fullsize
Ranier
View fullsize
Little Tahoma
Stratum
Richlite Company partnered with Smith & Fong Plyboo to create a layered paper and bamboo surface material. Stratum’s exterior features dense and durable Richlite FSC Certified paper composite materials while the core is made from Plyboo’s 100% rapidly renewable bamboo and soy adhesives. Natural beauty, longevity and sustainability give Richlite Stratum a mark of distinction in the architectural community.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666964122#5_2444055392
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http://intectural.com/material/richlite/
|
Richlite — Intectural
|
The multicolor paper composite surfaces blend the best of the natural and design worlds with subtle accents that enliven kitchens, baths and commercial environments. Cascade’s unique layering system can also be used for signage when the material is machined to reveal several contrasting colors. View fullsize
Ranier
View fullsize
Little Tahoma
Stratum
Richlite Company partnered with Smith & Fong Plyboo to create a layered paper and bamboo surface material. Stratum’s exterior features dense and durable Richlite FSC Certified paper composite materials while the core is made from Plyboo’s 100% rapidly renewable bamboo and soy adhesives. Natural beauty, longevity and sustainability give Richlite Stratum a mark of distinction in the architectural community. It’s a versatile building material with character that complements rugged to refined designs, from contemporary urban centers ]to rustic mountain hideaways. View fullsize
Stratum
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Talk'n Sheet Podcasts
Clay Kreiner: X-Treme Heights with Skatelite
We got a chance to connect with Clay Kreiner, an X-Games multi medalist skateboarder who competes on the Mega-Ramp and fly’s higher than any other skater as he rolls to victory on Skatelite. Read More →
Elliot Sloan: Paving His Way With Richlite
Elliot Sloan got his start in New York city’s concrete jungle, but has paved his way with Richlite under his wheels.
| 3,467 | 5,118 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666964122#6_2444057326
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http://intectural.com/material/richlite/
|
Richlite — Intectural
|
It’s a versatile building material with character that complements rugged to refined designs, from contemporary urban centers ]to rustic mountain hideaways. View fullsize
Stratum
View fullsize
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View fullsize
View fullsize
View fullsize
View fullsize
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Talk'n Sheet Podcasts
Clay Kreiner: X-Treme Heights with Skatelite
We got a chance to connect with Clay Kreiner, an X-Games multi medalist skateboarder who competes on the Mega-Ramp and fly’s higher than any other skater as he rolls to victory on Skatelite. Read More →
Elliot Sloan: Paving His Way With Richlite
Elliot Sloan got his start in New York city’s concrete jungle, but has paved his way with Richlite under his wheels. Read More →
Richlite Header Gallery
Richlite Main
Richlite Gallery Header
Richlite Gallery Page
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1666969707#0_2444058583
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http://integral-table.com/
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Integral Table
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Table of Integrals
Table of Integrals
Table of Basic Integrals
Basic Forms
Integrals of Rational Functions
Integrals with Roots
Integrals with Logarithms
Integrals with Exponentials
Integrals with Trigonometric Functions
Products of Trigonometric Functions and Monomials
Products of Trigonometric Functions and Exponentials
Integrals of Hyperbolic Functions
If you find an error:
Usage and Attribution
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Integral Table
Table of Integrals
Over Integrals Served. *Assumes at least one integral is read per visit. Download Complete Table as: PDF File | Latex
Other Printable Tables
Most of the table on a single page: PDF | Latex
Table of 18 Basic Integrals: PDF | Latex
Logic Formulas: PDF | Latex
Laplace Transforms: PDF | Latex
Differential Equations Study Guide: PDF | Latex
Elementary Statistics: PDF | Latex
Tables from Doing Calculus
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Solve any integral on-line with the Wolfram Integrator (External Link)
Right click on any integral to view in mathml.
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