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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668863452#1_2447647521 | http://interactingwithjesus.org/blog/2012-07-17-2012-07-17-and-god-said-no-poem/ | ‘And God Said No’ (poem) | Simple Truths in Love and Wonder | ‘And God Said No’ (poem)
‘And God Said No’ (poem) | I asked God to grant me patience, and God said, "No." He said patience is a by-product of tribulation. It isn't granted, it is earned. I asked God to give me happiness, and God said, "No." He said He gives blessings. Happiness is up to me. I asked God to spare me pain, and God said, "No." He said suffering draws us apart from worldly cares and brings us closer to Him. I asked God to make my spirit grow, and God said, "No." He said I must grow on my own. | 578 | 1,039 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668863452#2_2447648354 | http://interactingwithjesus.org/blog/2012-07-17-2012-07-17-and-god-said-no-poem/ | ‘And God Said No’ (poem) | Simple Truths in Love and Wonder | ‘And God Said No’ (poem)
‘And God Said No’ (poem) | Happiness is up to me. I asked God to spare me pain, and God said, "No." He said suffering draws us apart from worldly cares and brings us closer to Him. I asked God to make my spirit grow, and God said, "No." He said I must grow on my own. But He will prune me to make me fruitful. I asked God if He loved me, and God said, "Yes." He gave His only Son who died for me, and I will be in Heaven someday because I believe. I asked God to help me love others as much as He loves me. And God said, "Ah, finally, you have the idea." | 797 | 1,328 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668863452#3_2447649257 | http://interactingwithjesus.org/blog/2012-07-17-2012-07-17-and-god-said-no-poem/ | ‘And God Said No’ (poem) | Simple Truths in Love and Wonder | ‘And God Said No’ (poem)
‘And God Said No’ (poem) | But He will prune me to make me fruitful. I asked God if He loved me, and God said, "Yes." He gave His only Son who died for me, and I will be in Heaven someday because I believe. I asked God to help me love others as much as He loves me. And God said, "Ah, finally, you have the idea." © 1980, Claudia Minden Weisz. Used by permission of the author. http://www.andgodsaidno.com
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668865364#0_2447650125 | http://interactioninstitute.org/illustrating-equality-vs-equity/ | Illustrating Equality VS Equity - Interaction Institute for Social Change : Interaction Institute for Social Change | Illustrating Equality VS Equity
Illustrating Equality VS Equity
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| Illustrating Equality VS Equity - Interaction Institute for Social Change : Interaction Institute for Social Change
Illustrating Equality VS Equity
January 13, 2016
by IISC
IISC has long believed that this image, illustrating the difference between equality and equity, is worth a thousand words. As a gift to the world of equity practitioners, IISC engaged artist Angus Maguire to draw a new version of an old favorite (since we could only find pixelated versions of the original). Please feel free to download the high-resolution image and use in your presentations. Download (.zip package containing JPGs, PDF, PNG, and AI)
Would you like to use this image somewhere? This image is free to use with attribution: “ Interaction Institute for Social Change | Artist: Angus Maguire.” For online use please provide links: interactioninstitute.org and madewithangus.com. | 0 | 866 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668865364#1_2447651633 | http://interactioninstitute.org/illustrating-equality-vs-equity/ | Illustrating Equality VS Equity - Interaction Institute for Social Change : Interaction Institute for Social Change | Illustrating Equality VS Equity
Illustrating Equality VS Equity
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| This image is free to use with attribution: “ Interaction Institute for Social Change | Artist: Angus Maguire.” For online use please provide links: interactioninstitute.org and madewithangus.com. We love hearing stories about how the image is being used so please get in touch with us and let us know how you used it. We especially enjoy hearing about how this image helps to start conversations about equity and equality. We’re on social media and email ([email protected] and [email protected]). Updates since this article was first published: 20 May 2016: | 670 | 1,248 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668865364#2_2447652855 | http://interactioninstitute.org/illustrating-equality-vs-equity/ | Illustrating Equality VS Equity - Interaction Institute for Social Change : Interaction Institute for Social Change | Illustrating Equality VS Equity
Illustrating Equality VS Equity
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| We love hearing stories about how the image is being used so please get in touch with us and let us know how you used it. We especially enjoy hearing about how this image helps to start conversations about equity and equality. We’re on social media and email ([email protected] and [email protected]). Updates since this article was first published: 20 May 2016: We were notified via Twitter that the original creator of the original graphic wrote a piece cataloging the evolution of the meme. Here’s the piece . It even encompasses our version and a few riffs on it, including our followup collaboration with the Center for Story-Based Strategy & Angus, #the4thbox. In the News
Cynthia Silva Parker was quoted by Sustainable Cities Network in an article: Infusing Equity into the Urban Planning Process. | 866 | 1,690 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668865364#3_2447654318 | http://interactioninstitute.org/illustrating-equality-vs-equity/ | Illustrating Equality VS Equity - Interaction Institute for Social Change : Interaction Institute for Social Change | Illustrating Equality VS Equity
Illustrating Equality VS Equity
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| We were notified via Twitter that the original creator of the original graphic wrote a piece cataloging the evolution of the meme. Here’s the piece . It even encompasses our version and a few riffs on it, including our followup collaboration with the Center for Story-Based Strategy & Angus, #the4thbox. In the News
Cynthia Silva Parker was quoted by Sustainable Cities Network in an article: Infusing Equity into the Urban Planning Process. What is equity? In the simplest terms, it means fairness, which is not necessarily the same thing as equality. It’s not about everybody getting the same thing,” Parker said. “ It’s about everybody getting what they need in order to improve the quality of their situation.” One difficulty in including equity goals in planning is that the people who need them most can be hard to involve. | 1,249 | 2,077 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668865364#4_2447655808 | http://interactioninstitute.org/illustrating-equality-vs-equity/ | Illustrating Equality VS Equity - Interaction Institute for Social Change : Interaction Institute for Social Change | Illustrating Equality VS Equity
Illustrating Equality VS Equity
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| What is equity? In the simplest terms, it means fairness, which is not necessarily the same thing as equality. It’s not about everybody getting the same thing,” Parker said. “ It’s about everybody getting what they need in order to improve the quality of their situation.” One difficulty in including equity goals in planning is that the people who need them most can be hard to involve. Traditionally, planners involve stakeholders by inviting them to public meetings and asking them to read and comment on plans. This can be a time-consuming process, and people who work multiple jobs and lack transportation and child-care options are unlikely to show up at the library for a three-hour meeting. And even if they’re able to offer their time, they may not be willing. “Trust is the No. 1 thing, ‘Why are you asking, and will it make a difference,’ ” Parker said. “ | 1,690 | 2,556 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668865364#5_2447657359 | http://interactioninstitute.org/illustrating-equality-vs-equity/ | Illustrating Equality VS Equity - Interaction Institute for Social Change : Interaction Institute for Social Change | Illustrating Equality VS Equity
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| Traditionally, planners involve stakeholders by inviting them to public meetings and asking them to read and comment on plans. This can be a time-consuming process, and people who work multiple jobs and lack transportation and child-care options are unlikely to show up at the library for a three-hour meeting. And even if they’re able to offer their time, they may not be willing. “Trust is the No. 1 thing, ‘Why are you asking, and will it make a difference,’ ” Parker said. “ When we got started, there was a bit of interesting community jargon: ‘ Planning Fatigue.’ People were tired of being asked to come to meetings, asked to share their vision, asked to draw another picture of a beautiful community, and then nothing is going to happen, or it’s going to take 15 years and they’re going to say, ‘We don’t even remember that we were part of that.'” Public Training Schedule
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668865364#6_2447659141 | http://interactioninstitute.org/illustrating-equality-vs-equity/ | Illustrating Equality VS Equity - Interaction Institute for Social Change : Interaction Institute for Social Change | Illustrating Equality VS Equity
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| When we got started, there was a bit of interesting community jargon: ‘ Planning Fatigue.’ People were tired of being asked to come to meetings, asked to share their vision, asked to draw another picture of a beautiful community, and then nothing is going to happen, or it’s going to take 15 years and they’re going to say, ‘We don’t even remember that we were part of that.'” Public Training Schedule
We hope you will consider enrolling in one of our public trainings this year. Over the past 25 years, we have developed a lens through which we facilitate social change and we bring it to every engagement. IISC invites groups and leaders to shift power dynamics, focus on building networks, and magnify love as a force for social change. Using this collaborative change lens, we see leaders overcome challenges and have astounding impact. Authors
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668870526#0_2447661706 | http://interactioninstitute.org/what-is-network-strategy/ | What is Network Strategy? - Interaction Institute for Social Change : Interaction Institute for Social Change | What is Network Strategy?
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What is Network Strategy? October 22, 2014
by Curtis Ogden
The above graphic is something that I recently created, borrowing heavily from the good work of Peter Plastrik and Madeleine Taylor, to help convey what is meant by engaging in “network strategy.” One of the challenges we’ve encountered in working with different networks is helping people to understand the difference between strategy development and network development. I try to meet this challenge, in part, by showing how they are not so different, or at least, that they are intimately connected. The diagram is also designed to help people get beyond some of the either/or thinking that we encounter. For example, it’s not that we have to choose between decentralized self-organized action and more formally coordinated collective action. It can be both! So here’s what the graphic is meant to convey. | 0 | 977 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668870526#1_2447663120 | http://interactioninstitute.org/what-is-network-strategy/ | What is Network Strategy? - Interaction Institute for Social Change : Interaction Institute for Social Change | What is Network Strategy?
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| I try to meet this challenge, in part, by showing how they are not so different, or at least, that they are intimately connected. The diagram is also designed to help people get beyond some of the either/or thinking that we encounter. For example, it’s not that we have to choose between decentralized self-organized action and more formally coordinated collective action. It can be both! So here’s what the graphic is meant to convey. First of all, network strategy is grounded at a fundamental level in creating (strategic) connectivity, by building linkages and trust between key stakeholders and perhaps unusual bedfellows. This can be done by convening people ; sharing stories, data and other forms of information; co-creating knowledge; learning together, etc. | 542 | 1,309 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668870526#2_2447664309 | http://interactioninstitute.org/what-is-network-strategy/ | What is Network Strategy? - Interaction Institute for Social Change : Interaction Institute for Social Change | What is Network Strategy?
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| First of all, network strategy is grounded at a fundamental level in creating (strategic) connectivity, by building linkages and trust between key stakeholders and perhaps unusual bedfellows. This can be done by convening people ; sharing stories, data and other forms of information; co-creating knowledge; learning together, etc. Part of the value of this connectivity is that it can lead to orthogonal thinking and bolster individual network participants’ efforts in the shared domain where the network is focused. What also may ensue is self-organized action between those who are meeting one another for the first time or getting to know one another better (see the arrow to the left side of the triangle). This is all well and good and is something that networks should try to track. ”Healthy networks measure their impact, in particular by establishing the links between decentralized network action and outcomes.” – The Packard Foundation
Up a level, networks may be compelled to create some kind of shared value proposition in the form of a shared vision, values, charter, statement around (systemic) commitment and/or context, etc. | 978 | 2,119 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668870526#3_2447665883 | http://interactioninstitute.org/what-is-network-strategy/ | What is Network Strategy? - Interaction Institute for Social Change : Interaction Institute for Social Change | What is Network Strategy?
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| Part of the value of this connectivity is that it can lead to orthogonal thinking and bolster individual network participants’ efforts in the shared domain where the network is focused. What also may ensue is self-organized action between those who are meeting one another for the first time or getting to know one another better (see the arrow to the left side of the triangle). This is all well and good and is something that networks should try to track. ”Healthy networks measure their impact, in particular by establishing the links between decentralized network action and outcomes.” – The Packard Foundation
Up a level, networks may be compelled to create some kind of shared value proposition in the form of a shared vision, values, charter, statement around (systemic) commitment and/or context, etc. This can provide additional value to individual participants and “two-sie or three-sie” self-organized efforts, as they are more prone to head in the same general direction or with some kind of deeper shared understanding of context. And then there are those instances when a network is called to some form of collective action, such as advocacy, a communications campaign, fundraising, or some other joint venture. This can happen even as smaller self-organized action continues at the so-called periphery of the network, and really most collective action should be about creating the conditions for those self-organized efforts (which is what is meant by “making the periphery the norm” in network building lingo). Something else I hope the diagram helps with as we walk it through is the myriad forms of action (see below) a network can engage in and how these can build on one another to ultimately achieve “net impact.” Authors
Aisha Shillingford
Alia Lahlou
Ana Perez
Anastacia Thomas
Andrea Nagel
Charlie Jones
Curtis Ogden
Cynthia Silva Parker
Danielle Coates-Connor
Gibrán Rivera
Glenn Johnson
IISC Author
Jen Willsea
Kelly Bates
Lawrence Barriner, II
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Miriam Messinger
Mistinguette Smith
Stevie Johnston
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668870526#4_2447669109 | http://interactioninstitute.org/what-is-network-strategy/ | What is Network Strategy? - Interaction Institute for Social Change : Interaction Institute for Social Change | What is Network Strategy?
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| This can provide additional value to individual participants and “two-sie or three-sie” self-organized efforts, as they are more prone to head in the same general direction or with some kind of deeper shared understanding of context. And then there are those instances when a network is called to some form of collective action, such as advocacy, a communications campaign, fundraising, or some other joint venture. This can happen even as smaller self-organized action continues at the so-called periphery of the network, and really most collective action should be about creating the conditions for those self-organized efforts (which is what is meant by “making the periphery the norm” in network building lingo). Something else I hope the diagram helps with as we walk it through is the myriad forms of action (see below) a network can engage in and how these can build on one another to ultimately achieve “net impact.” Authors
Aisha Shillingford
Alia Lahlou
Ana Perez
Anastacia Thomas
Andrea Nagel
Charlie Jones
Curtis Ogden
Cynthia Silva Parker
Danielle Coates-Connor
Gibrán Rivera
Glenn Johnson
IISC Author
Jen Willsea
Kelly Bates
Lawrence Barriner, II
Linda Guinee
Louise O'Meara
Madison (Matt) Thompson
Marianne Hughes
Melinda Weekes
Miriam Messinger
Mistinguette Smith
Stevie Johnston
Categories
Uncategorized
Equitable Initiatives
Collaboration
Social Innovation
Networks
Social Media
Inspiration
IISC Outward-facing Thoughts
Power, Equity, Inclusion
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Structural Transformation
What We Are Reading
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Facilitative Leaders
Learning Edge
Sustainability
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Send a message. Subscribe to our mailing list. | 2,120 | 4,029 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668875075#0_2447671535 | http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2014/smart-energy-in-everyday-life-are-you-designing-for-resource-man | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? | ACM Interactions | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Cover story
Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Insights
Who is Resource Man?
Realizing Resource Man
The Problems with Resource Man
Designing for Something Other than Resource Man
Looking Forward to a (non) Energy Future
Acknowledgments
References
Author
©2014 ACM 1072-5220/14/07 $15.00
| Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? | ACM Interactions
Cover story
XXI.4 July + August 2014
Page: 24
Digital Citation
Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? Authors: Yolande Strengers
With the introduction of smart grids, meters, and associated technologies, electricity systems are going through an ICT transformation. The aim of this endeavor is similarly transformative: to decarbonize the electricity grid and reduce or shift peaks in electricity demand. Humble household energy consumers are set to play a key role in this transformation, where they, too, are being asked to become "smart." | 0 | 654 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668875075#1_2447672954 | http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2014/smart-energy-in-everyday-life-are-you-designing-for-resource-man | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? | ACM Interactions | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Cover story
Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Insights
Who is Resource Man?
Realizing Resource Man
The Problems with Resource Man
Designing for Something Other than Resource Man
Looking Forward to a (non) Energy Future
Acknowledgments
References
Author
©2014 ACM 1072-5220/14/07 $15.00
| Authors: Yolande Strengers
With the introduction of smart grids, meters, and associated technologies, electricity systems are going through an ICT transformation. The aim of this endeavor is similarly transformative: to decarbonize the electricity grid and reduce or shift peaks in electricity demand. Humble household energy consumers are set to play a key role in this transformation, where they, too, are being asked to become "smart." Harper-Slaboszewicz et al. sum up the vision for this new energy consumer as follows: " The goal isn't to move utilities into our living room—rather, it's to allow consumers to take advantage of some of the same technologies utilities are finding useful in smart metering and monitoring/managing the distribution grid " [ 1 ]. In other words, the aim is to transfer electricity utility management knowledge, expertise, and tools into the heart of the home. This implies that smart technologies are designed for a smart consumer or user—one who is interested, immersed, and engaged in managing their energy demand, and willing and able to embrace new smart technologies and strategies to achieve energy-management goals. | 215 | 1,373 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668875075#2_2447674887 | http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2014/smart-energy-in-everyday-life-are-you-designing-for-resource-man | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? | ACM Interactions | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Cover story
Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Insights
Who is Resource Man?
Realizing Resource Man
The Problems with Resource Man
Designing for Something Other than Resource Man
Looking Forward to a (non) Energy Future
Acknowledgments
References
Author
©2014 ACM 1072-5220/14/07 $15.00
| Harper-Slaboszewicz et al. sum up the vision for this new energy consumer as follows: " The goal isn't to move utilities into our living room—rather, it's to allow consumers to take advantage of some of the same technologies utilities are finding useful in smart metering and monitoring/managing the distribution grid " [ 1 ]. In other words, the aim is to transfer electricity utility management knowledge, expertise, and tools into the heart of the home. This implies that smart technologies are designed for a smart consumer or user—one who is interested, immersed, and engaged in managing their energy demand, and willing and able to embrace new smart technologies and strategies to achieve energy-management goals. Insights
The role intended for smart energy consumers is revolutionary. They are expected to become "the driving force behind the Smart Grid and the Green Economy of the Future" [ 2 ]. Data and technology made available via smart energy technologies will "empower consumers" [ 3] to "take control" [ 4] of their consumption and make "informed choices" [ 5] about how they use energy, thereby unlocking the "vast potential" [ 4] of the smart grid. This is positioned as a conscious and deliberate move taken by energy consumers, supported by electricity utilities and governments, and enabled by technology. Contrast this vision with your home. | 654 | 2,017 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668875075#3_2447677033 | http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2014/smart-energy-in-everyday-life-are-you-designing-for-resource-man | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? | ACM Interactions | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Cover story
Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Insights
Who is Resource Man?
Realizing Resource Man
The Problems with Resource Man
Designing for Something Other than Resource Man
Looking Forward to a (non) Energy Future
Acknowledgments
References
Author
©2014 ACM 1072-5220/14/07 $15.00
| Insights
The role intended for smart energy consumers is revolutionary. They are expected to become "the driving force behind the Smart Grid and the Green Economy of the Future" [ 2 ]. Data and technology made available via smart energy technologies will "empower consumers" [ 3] to "take control" [ 4] of their consumption and make "informed choices" [ 5] about how they use energy, thereby unlocking the "vast potential" [ 4] of the smart grid. This is positioned as a conscious and deliberate move taken by energy consumers, supported by electricity utilities and governments, and enabled by technology. Contrast this vision with your home. There are likely to be piles of laundry in various stages of cleanliness. There might be debates over whose turn it is to do the dishes, what to have for dinner, which television shows to watch, whether to open or close a window, who left the light on, or at what temperature to set the thermostat. These debates might even be with yourself. There might be exercise to fit in, work schedules and school timetables to plan for, and homework and housework to be done. HCI designers and practitioners have long recognized these dynamics; | 1,373 | 2,552 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668875075#4_2447678983 | http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2014/smart-energy-in-everyday-life-are-you-designing-for-resource-man | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? | ACM Interactions | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Cover story
Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Insights
Who is Resource Man?
Realizing Resource Man
The Problems with Resource Man
Designing for Something Other than Resource Man
Looking Forward to a (non) Energy Future
Acknowledgments
References
Author
©2014 ACM 1072-5220/14/07 $15.00
| There are likely to be piles of laundry in various stages of cleanliness. There might be debates over whose turn it is to do the dishes, what to have for dinner, which television shows to watch, whether to open or close a window, who left the light on, or at what temperature to set the thermostat. These debates might even be with yourself. There might be exercise to fit in, work schedules and school timetables to plan for, and homework and housework to be done. HCI designers and practitioners have long recognized these dynamics; indeed, they have pioneered research on technologies in the home. However, when it comes to the study of energy and how to effect change through smart energy technologies, these issues often disappear from view. Instead, we are left with a largely rational and rationalizing discourse, in which change is thought to take place via the provision of information (data) and technology. With the focus firmly situated on energy, we risk losing sight of the dynamic practices in which consumption is implicated. My aim here is to draw attention to, and then away from, the pervasive and unified vision for the smart energy consumer, whom I name Resource Man. | 2,018 | 3,206 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668875075#5_2447680932 | http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2014/smart-energy-in-everyday-life-are-you-designing-for-resource-man | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? | ACM Interactions | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Cover story
Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Insights
Who is Resource Man?
Realizing Resource Man
The Problems with Resource Man
Designing for Something Other than Resource Man
Looking Forward to a (non) Energy Future
Acknowledgments
References
Author
©2014 ACM 1072-5220/14/07 $15.00
| indeed, they have pioneered research on technologies in the home. However, when it comes to the study of energy and how to effect change through smart energy technologies, these issues often disappear from view. Instead, we are left with a largely rational and rationalizing discourse, in which change is thought to take place via the provision of information (data) and technology. With the focus firmly situated on energy, we risk losing sight of the dynamic practices in which consumption is implicated. My aim here is to draw attention to, and then away from, the pervasive and unified vision for the smart energy consumer, whom I name Resource Man. I view this consumer, or user, as an invisible persona, or as a largely assumed user. I use Resource Man as a way to simplify and generalize a significant body of knowledge to draw attention to a pervasive vision. My agenda is quite simple: to shine a spotlight on the dominant vision for household energy consumers, and to offer insights for how HCI designers can design, and already are designing, for other practices in the home involving humans and non-humans, with potentially significant energy implications. Who is Resource Man? | 2,553 | 3,742 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668875075#6_2447682882 | http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2014/smart-energy-in-everyday-life-are-you-designing-for-resource-man | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? | ACM Interactions | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Cover story
Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Insights
Who is Resource Man?
Realizing Resource Man
The Problems with Resource Man
Designing for Something Other than Resource Man
Looking Forward to a (non) Energy Future
Acknowledgments
References
Author
©2014 ACM 1072-5220/14/07 $15.00
| I view this consumer, or user, as an invisible persona, or as a largely assumed user. I use Resource Man as a way to simplify and generalize a significant body of knowledge to draw attention to a pervasive vision. My agenda is quite simple: to shine a spotlight on the dominant vision for household energy consumers, and to offer insights for how HCI designers can design, and already are designing, for other practices in the home involving humans and non-humans, with potentially significant energy implications. Who is Resource Man? Resource Man embodies a unified vision for the smart energy consumer. He is an efficient micro-resource manager—or a "Mini-Me" version of his utility provider [ 6 ]. Similar to the "scholastic bias" academics project toward the people they study [ 7 ], Resource Man represents the energy industry's "resource bias" projected onto energy consumers. In his ultimate imagined state, Resource Man is interested in his own energy data, understands it, and wants to use it to change the way he uses energy. He responds rationally to price signals and makes informed decisions based on up-to-date and detailed data provided about the costs, resource units (kilowatt hours), and impacts (greenhouse gas emissions) of his consumption. | 3,207 | 4,468 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668875075#7_2447684915 | http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2014/smart-energy-in-everyday-life-are-you-designing-for-resource-man | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? | ACM Interactions | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Cover story
Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Insights
Who is Resource Man?
Realizing Resource Man
The Problems with Resource Man
Designing for Something Other than Resource Man
Looking Forward to a (non) Energy Future
Acknowledgments
References
Author
©2014 ACM 1072-5220/14/07 $15.00
| Resource Man embodies a unified vision for the smart energy consumer. He is an efficient micro-resource manager—or a "Mini-Me" version of his utility provider [ 6 ]. Similar to the "scholastic bias" academics project toward the people they study [ 7 ], Resource Man represents the energy industry's "resource bias" projected onto energy consumers. In his ultimate imagined state, Resource Man is interested in his own energy data, understands it, and wants to use it to change the way he uses energy. He responds rationally to price signals and makes informed decisions based on up-to-date and detailed data provided about the costs, resource units (kilowatt hours), and impacts (greenhouse gas emissions) of his consumption. For these tasks he needs information, dynamic prices, and enabling technologies, such as automated smart appliances and micro-generation systems, which allow him to transform his home into a resource control station. He is both in control of his energy consumption and assigns this control to technologies to manage on his behalf. In his ultimate imagined state, Resource Man is interested in his own energy data, understands it, and wants to use it to change the way he uses energy. I refer to Resource Man as a male, not because he is always directly identified as one, but because he is cast in the image of the male-dominated industries of engineering and economics that permeate energy management. Moreover, visions of him exclude much of the productive work of the home, which is still carried out by women. | 3,742 | 5,282 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668875075#8_2447687226 | http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2014/smart-energy-in-everyday-life-are-you-designing-for-resource-man | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? | ACM Interactions | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Cover story
Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Insights
Who is Resource Man?
Realizing Resource Man
The Problems with Resource Man
Designing for Something Other than Resource Man
Looking Forward to a (non) Energy Future
Acknowledgments
References
Author
©2014 ACM 1072-5220/14/07 $15.00
| For these tasks he needs information, dynamic prices, and enabling technologies, such as automated smart appliances and micro-generation systems, which allow him to transform his home into a resource control station. He is both in control of his energy consumption and assigns this control to technologies to manage on his behalf. In his ultimate imagined state, Resource Man is interested in his own energy data, understands it, and wants to use it to change the way he uses energy. I refer to Resource Man as a male, not because he is always directly identified as one, but because he is cast in the image of the male-dominated industries of engineering and economics that permeate energy management. Moreover, visions of him exclude much of the productive work of the home, which is still carried out by women. The strategies intended for Resource Man unsurprisingly capture the attention of men more than women, although resource women still exist. American consumer research reports that men are more interested in technological solutions for their energy use, and in monitoring and managing their use through the latest personal electronics [ 8 ]. I also refer to Resource Man as an individual, for while there are many resource men, they operate in isolation from one another, even within the context of their own homes, where the bill payer is positioned hierarchically, and somewhat traditionally, as the Resource Man of the house. Resource Man's origins can be traced back to Rational Man, or Homo economicus, differentiated by his access to more advanced and sophisticated technologically enabled tools compared with his economically minded ancestor. Despite this distinction, Resource Man still behaves rationally and in line with sophisticated and frequent information about energy prices and consumption. | 4,469 | 6,287 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668875075#9_2447689805 | http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2014/smart-energy-in-everyday-life-are-you-designing-for-resource-man | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? | ACM Interactions | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Cover story
Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Insights
Who is Resource Man?
Realizing Resource Man
The Problems with Resource Man
Designing for Something Other than Resource Man
Looking Forward to a (non) Energy Future
Acknowledgments
References
Author
©2014 ACM 1072-5220/14/07 $15.00
| The strategies intended for Resource Man unsurprisingly capture the attention of men more than women, although resource women still exist. American consumer research reports that men are more interested in technological solutions for their energy use, and in monitoring and managing their use through the latest personal electronics [ 8 ]. I also refer to Resource Man as an individual, for while there are many resource men, they operate in isolation from one another, even within the context of their own homes, where the bill payer is positioned hierarchically, and somewhat traditionally, as the Resource Man of the house. Resource Man's origins can be traced back to Rational Man, or Homo economicus, differentiated by his access to more advanced and sophisticated technologically enabled tools compared with his economically minded ancestor. Despite this distinction, Resource Man still behaves rationally and in line with sophisticated and frequent information about energy prices and consumption. Resource Man's preoccupation with technologies also positions him as a close relative of Tool Man ( Homo faber ). Another branch on Resource Man's family tree is devoted to Choice Man ( Homo optionis ), who has passed down an interest in making detailed choices about the best (energy) technologies and solutions to suit Resource Man's needs in response to accurate and up-to-date energy information. Resource Man is also loosely related to Social Man ( Homo sociologicus ): He is social in the sense that he is interested in sharing and comparing his energy performance with that of other resource men through social media apps such as Tweet-a-Watt. Resource Man is not a figment of the imagination; in many ways he already exists. | 5,283 | 7,020 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668875075#10_2447692303 | http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2014/smart-energy-in-everyday-life-are-you-designing-for-resource-man | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? | ACM Interactions | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Cover story
Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Insights
Who is Resource Man?
Realizing Resource Man
The Problems with Resource Man
Designing for Something Other than Resource Man
Looking Forward to a (non) Energy Future
Acknowledgments
References
Author
©2014 ACM 1072-5220/14/07 $15.00
| Resource Man's preoccupation with technologies also positions him as a close relative of Tool Man ( Homo faber ). Another branch on Resource Man's family tree is devoted to Choice Man ( Homo optionis ), who has passed down an interest in making detailed choices about the best (energy) technologies and solutions to suit Resource Man's needs in response to accurate and up-to-date energy information. Resource Man is also loosely related to Social Man ( Homo sociologicus ): He is social in the sense that he is interested in sharing and comparing his energy performance with that of other resource men through social media apps such as Tweet-a-Watt. Resource Man is not a figment of the imagination; in many ways he already exists. Consumer research indicates that many consumers aspire to become Resource Man and indeed expect this as an outcome of the emerging smart grid. However, other consumer research suggests the uptake of technologies like in-home displays (IHD) and home energy management (HEM) systems, which provide detailed consumption feedback, have been slower than anticipated, and that terms such as smart grid, kilowatt hour, and energy portal are not well understood. Despite these concerns, a global effort is now under way to bring Resource Man into reality. Realizing Resource Man
There are four clear strategies that Resource Man is thought to embrace and through which most consumer research, policy, programs, and technology design and development are focused. These revolve around the provision of data and smart technology, and can be broadly defined as energy feedback, dynamic pricing, home automation, and micro-generation. | 6,288 | 7,942 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668875075#11_2447694720 | http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2014/smart-energy-in-everyday-life-are-you-designing-for-resource-man | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? | ACM Interactions | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Cover story
Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Insights
Who is Resource Man?
Realizing Resource Man
The Problems with Resource Man
Designing for Something Other than Resource Man
Looking Forward to a (non) Energy Future
Acknowledgments
References
Author
©2014 ACM 1072-5220/14/07 $15.00
| Consumer research indicates that many consumers aspire to become Resource Man and indeed expect this as an outcome of the emerging smart grid. However, other consumer research suggests the uptake of technologies like in-home displays (IHD) and home energy management (HEM) systems, which provide detailed consumption feedback, have been slower than anticipated, and that terms such as smart grid, kilowatt hour, and energy portal are not well understood. Despite these concerns, a global effort is now under way to bring Resource Man into reality. Realizing Resource Man
There are four clear strategies that Resource Man is thought to embrace and through which most consumer research, policy, programs, and technology design and development are focused. These revolve around the provision of data and smart technology, and can be broadly defined as energy feedback, dynamic pricing, home automation, and micro-generation. I cover the first and third of these strategies here. However, it is important to note that there other strategies, such as greater uptake of electric vehicles and the gamification of energy demand, that are also emerging. Resonating with the rhetoric of the health sector, electricity utilities are helping their energy consumers become "energy fit" and "active" as they move them toward their new role as Resource Man. This does not necessarily mean going on a resource diet, but implies getting smarter and more informed about resource decisions through access to information about their energy consumption. This involves a considerable amount of effort, which is needed to learn about energy and its impacts. | 7,021 | 8,655 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668875075#12_2447697121 | http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2014/smart-energy-in-everyday-life-are-you-designing-for-resource-man | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? | ACM Interactions | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Cover story
Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Insights
Who is Resource Man?
Realizing Resource Man
The Problems with Resource Man
Designing for Something Other than Resource Man
Looking Forward to a (non) Energy Future
Acknowledgments
References
Author
©2014 ACM 1072-5220/14/07 $15.00
| I cover the first and third of these strategies here. However, it is important to note that there other strategies, such as greater uptake of electric vehicles and the gamification of energy demand, that are also emerging. Resonating with the rhetoric of the health sector, electricity utilities are helping their energy consumers become "energy fit" and "active" as they move them toward their new role as Resource Man. This does not necessarily mean going on a resource diet, but implies getting smarter and more informed about resource decisions through access to information about their energy consumption. This involves a considerable amount of effort, which is needed to learn about energy and its impacts. Effort on consumers' behalf is required to overcome the "disconnect between what consumers know about their electricity use and what they need to know for smarter energy use decisions" [ 9 ], the intention being that through increased energy knowledge, consumers will better manage their energy consumption. Consumer participation in the electricity system and in energy demand reduction is defined and contained within the scope of managing and acting on personalized data. The primary methods by which this information is provided are in-home displays (IHDs), energy monitors, home energy management (HEM) systems, and website portals, which provide detailed energy feedback on a household's resource consumption (kilowatt hours), costs of energy (detailed billing information), and resource impacts (greenhouse gas emissions). The HCI community has played a strong role in contributing to the innovative design of these technologies, and many of these educational efforts are being accelerated through government mandates and industry partnerships. A second key strategy for realizing Resource Man involves the provision of technologies that seek to automate appliances, lights, or the home itself so that energy management is taken care of on the occupants' behalf. | 7,943 | 9,925 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668875075#13_2447699871 | http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2014/smart-energy-in-everyday-life-are-you-designing-for-resource-man | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man? | ACM Interactions | Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Cover story
Smart energy in everyday life: Are you designing for Resource Man?
Insights
Who is Resource Man?
Realizing Resource Man
The Problems with Resource Man
Designing for Something Other than Resource Man
Looking Forward to a (non) Energy Future
Acknowledgments
References
Author
©2014 ACM 1072-5220/14/07 $15.00
| Effort on consumers' behalf is required to overcome the "disconnect between what consumers know about their electricity use and what they need to know for smarter energy use decisions" [ 9 ], the intention being that through increased energy knowledge, consumers will better manage their energy consumption. Consumer participation in the electricity system and in energy demand reduction is defined and contained within the scope of managing and acting on personalized data. The primary methods by which this information is provided are in-home displays (IHDs), energy monitors, home energy management (HEM) systems, and website portals, which provide detailed energy feedback on a household's resource consumption (kilowatt hours), costs of energy (detailed billing information), and resource impacts (greenhouse gas emissions). The HCI community has played a strong role in contributing to the innovative design of these technologies, and many of these educational efforts are being accelerated through government mandates and industry partnerships. A second key strategy for realizing Resource Man involves the provision of technologies that seek to automate appliances, lights, or the home itself so that energy management is taken care of on the occupants' behalf. Direct load-control programs that automate air conditioners, hot-water sys | 8,656 | 10,000 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668908657#0_2447701980 | http://interactionspeech.com/cloze-statements/ | Cloze statements - Interaction Speech and Language Services LLCInteraction Speech and Language Services LLC | Cloze statements
Cloze statements | Cloze statements - Interaction Speech and Language Services LLCInteraction Speech and Language Services LLC
← It’s getting cold outside!! Developmental norms in children aged birth to three →
Cloze statements
Posted on January 13, 2011 by interactionspeech
Cloze statements are an excellent method to encourage speech production in children. A cloze statement involves saying a familiar phrase and leaving out a word, then waiting for your child to fill in the blank. Familiar nursery rhymes, songs, and poems are perfect for this activity. For example, you can sing “Twinkle, twinkle, little ____.” Wait two or three seconds so your child has time to say “star.” Even the Spongebob Squarepants theme song would work: “ Who lives in a pineapple under the ____?” Children love to feel like they’re participating in the conversation and this gives them the perfect opportunity to do so. This entry was posted in Tips and Tricks. | 0 | 925 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668908657#1_2447703293 | http://interactionspeech.com/cloze-statements/ | Cloze statements - Interaction Speech and Language Services LLCInteraction Speech and Language Services LLC | Cloze statements
Cloze statements | Wait two or three seconds so your child has time to say “star.” Even the Spongebob Squarepants theme song would work: “ Who lives in a pineapple under the ____?” Children love to feel like they’re participating in the conversation and this gives them the perfect opportunity to do so. This entry was posted in Tips and Tricks. Bookmark the permalink . ← It’s getting cold outside!! Developmental norms in children aged birth to three → | 600 | 1,034 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668910048#0_2447704104 | http://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/ramadan-2016-moon-sight/index.html | What day of Ramadan is it today? 2016 moon sighting by Al Jazeera | In search of the
In search of the
The man who sights the moon in Saudi deserts
The new moon
“Only God knows the amount of pressure that falls on me.
It’s a responsibility that no one can imagine,” Khodairi says.
"Sometimes the moon was declared visible when it was astronomically impossible to declare it visible," he insists.
A scientific approach
What will the moon look like this Ramadan?
Select a day to the right to see how the moon will look on that night
Images: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio.
| What day of Ramadan is it today? 2016 moon sighting by Al Jazeera
In search of the
TODAY IS DAY
1698
OF RAMADAN
few weeks ago, as Abdullah al-Khodairi was travelling along the desert road that connects his small town of Hotat al-Sudeir, in northern Saudi Arabia, to the capital, Riyadh, he asked his friends to pull over. On that windy night, in the pitch darkness, they sat on the sand waiting for the silver moon to rise. For the next hour, Khodairi, armed with pen and paper, recorded the movement of the moon. The 55-year-old Saudi’s life has long been in sync with the moon. He knows when and how it rises, falls or turns, for Khodairi observes the angles of the shadows that fall on the moon’s craters at every stage in its cycle. The moon, he says, is his life. As well as being an object of fascination, it offers him a daily reminder of God’s greatness. “ No one can really capture the magnificence of the universe unless you follow the orbits as they move in the sky in an immaculate system, with each orbit having a precise path,” he explains. But as the Islamic month of Ramadan, when Muslims around the world fast during daylight hours, nears, Khodairi begins to feel the weight of the world on his shoulders. | 0 | 1,221 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668910048#1_2447706182 | http://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/ramadan-2016-moon-sight/index.html | What day of Ramadan is it today? 2016 moon sighting by Al Jazeera | In search of the
In search of the
The man who sights the moon in Saudi deserts
The new moon
“Only God knows the amount of pressure that falls on me.
It’s a responsibility that no one can imagine,” Khodairi says.
"Sometimes the moon was declared visible when it was astronomically impossible to declare it visible," he insists.
A scientific approach
What will the moon look like this Ramadan?
Select a day to the right to see how the moon will look on that night
Images: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio.
| He knows when and how it rises, falls or turns, for Khodairi observes the angles of the shadows that fall on the moon’s craters at every stage in its cycle. The moon, he says, is his life. As well as being an object of fascination, it offers him a daily reminder of God’s greatness. “ No one can really capture the magnificence of the universe unless you follow the orbits as they move in the sky in an immaculate system, with each orbit having a precise path,” he explains. But as the Islamic month of Ramadan, when Muslims around the world fast during daylight hours, nears, Khodairi begins to feel the weight of the world on his shoulders. Entrusted by Saudi authorities with observing the new crescent, which signals the beginning of Ramadan, his understanding of the moon helps to determine when many of the world’s Muslims begin their fast. The man who sights the moon in Saudi deserts
A
Abdullah al-Khodairi
The new moon
The rotation of the moon around the earth drives the Islamic or Hijri Calendar. The lunar month lasts 29.5 days. A new moon is born when it becomes perpendicular between the sun and the earth. At that point, called ‘conjunction’, the moon is completely invisible to us because all of the sun’s radiation is reflected back by the moon and none reaches the earth. | 580 | 1,868 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668910048#2_2447708343 | http://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/ramadan-2016-moon-sight/index.html | What day of Ramadan is it today? 2016 moon sighting by Al Jazeera | In search of the
In search of the
The man who sights the moon in Saudi deserts
The new moon
“Only God knows the amount of pressure that falls on me.
It’s a responsibility that no one can imagine,” Khodairi says.
"Sometimes the moon was declared visible when it was astronomically impossible to declare it visible," he insists.
A scientific approach
What will the moon look like this Ramadan?
Select a day to the right to see how the moon will look on that night
Images: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio.
| Entrusted by Saudi authorities with observing the new crescent, which signals the beginning of Ramadan, his understanding of the moon helps to determine when many of the world’s Muslims begin their fast. The man who sights the moon in Saudi deserts
A
Abdullah al-Khodairi
The new moon
The rotation of the moon around the earth drives the Islamic or Hijri Calendar. The lunar month lasts 29.5 days. A new moon is born when it becomes perpendicular between the sun and the earth. At that point, called ‘conjunction’, the moon is completely invisible to us because all of the sun’s radiation is reflected back by the moon and none reaches the earth. The time passed after the moment of conjunction is called the age of the moon. Once the moon is visible, the month of Ramadan is declared. A new moon: the first crescent after conjunction
Wrong sighting: The crescent sets before the sun
True sighting: | 1,222 | 2,120 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668910048#3_2447710096 | http://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/ramadan-2016-moon-sight/index.html | What day of Ramadan is it today? 2016 moon sighting by Al Jazeera | In search of the
In search of the
The man who sights the moon in Saudi deserts
The new moon
“Only God knows the amount of pressure that falls on me.
It’s a responsibility that no one can imagine,” Khodairi says.
"Sometimes the moon was declared visible when it was astronomically impossible to declare it visible," he insists.
A scientific approach
What will the moon look like this Ramadan?
Select a day to the right to see how the moon will look on that night
Images: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio.
| The time passed after the moment of conjunction is called the age of the moon. Once the moon is visible, the month of Ramadan is declared. A new moon: the first crescent after conjunction
Wrong sighting: The crescent sets before the sun
True sighting: The crescent sets after the sun
Images: Vista Rasch
In order to declare the beginning of Ramadan, Saudi Arabia depends on the testimonies of Khodairi and others like him as to whether or not they have spotted the moon. The Judicial High Court makes a decision on when Ramadan begins based on the testimonies it receives. A number of countries follow Saudi Arabia, meaning that the testimony of Khodairi can determine when tens of millions of Muslims will fast. “Only God knows the amount of pressure that falls on me. | 1,869 | 2,638 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668910048#4_2447711703 | http://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/ramadan-2016-moon-sight/index.html | What day of Ramadan is it today? 2016 moon sighting by Al Jazeera | In search of the
In search of the
The man who sights the moon in Saudi deserts
The new moon
“Only God knows the amount of pressure that falls on me.
It’s a responsibility that no one can imagine,” Khodairi says.
"Sometimes the moon was declared visible when it was astronomically impossible to declare it visible," he insists.
A scientific approach
What will the moon look like this Ramadan?
Select a day to the right to see how the moon will look on that night
Images: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio.
| The crescent sets after the sun
Images: Vista Rasch
In order to declare the beginning of Ramadan, Saudi Arabia depends on the testimonies of Khodairi and others like him as to whether or not they have spotted the moon. The Judicial High Court makes a decision on when Ramadan begins based on the testimonies it receives. A number of countries follow Saudi Arabia, meaning that the testimony of Khodairi can determine when tens of millions of Muslims will fast. “Only God knows the amount of pressure that falls on me. It’s a responsibility that no one can imagine,” Khodairi says. Khodairi’s venture into the world of astronomy was inspired by a nomadic childhood in the deserts of Saudi Arabia. With no electricity in his household until his high school years, Khodairi learned to observe the changing radiance of the moon. “Until 1398 Hijri (1978), we depended on small lanterns,” he explains. His strong sense of direction, he says, was inherited from his father, who was famed for being able to observe and follow the tracks left by animals or people in the sand. | 2,120 | 3,188 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668910048#5_2447713631 | http://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/ramadan-2016-moon-sight/index.html | What day of Ramadan is it today? 2016 moon sighting by Al Jazeera | In search of the
In search of the
The man who sights the moon in Saudi deserts
The new moon
“Only God knows the amount of pressure that falls on me.
It’s a responsibility that no one can imagine,” Khodairi says.
"Sometimes the moon was declared visible when it was astronomically impossible to declare it visible," he insists.
A scientific approach
What will the moon look like this Ramadan?
Select a day to the right to see how the moon will look on that night
Images: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio.
| It’s a responsibility that no one can imagine,” Khodairi says. Khodairi’s venture into the world of astronomy was inspired by a nomadic childhood in the deserts of Saudi Arabia. With no electricity in his household until his high school years, Khodairi learned to observe the changing radiance of the moon. “Until 1398 Hijri (1978), we depended on small lanterns,” he explains. His strong sense of direction, he says, was inherited from his father, who was famed for being able to observe and follow the tracks left by animals or people in the sand. “Whenever livestock was lost, my dad would be called upon to try and find it,” Khodairi remembers. “ He was a well known guide in the desert, often accompanying people from the village to the holy city of Mecca.” He recalls climbing a sand hill with his father and grandfather in 1399 Hijri (1979), when he was in high school, observing the moon and then running back to his family to declare the beginning of Ramadan before the radio did. Abdullah al-Khodairi in the Saudi desert (Image: Abdullah al-Khodairi)
In 1404 Hijri (1985), when Prince Sultan Bin Faisal, a cousin of the Saudi king and an astronaut, declared the end of Ramadan after claiming to have seen the new moon from his vantage point aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery, 350km above the earth, Khodairi’s fascination with astronomy skyrocketed. | 2,638 | 3,998 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668910048#6_2447715871 | http://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/ramadan-2016-moon-sight/index.html | What day of Ramadan is it today? 2016 moon sighting by Al Jazeera | In search of the
In search of the
The man who sights the moon in Saudi deserts
The new moon
“Only God knows the amount of pressure that falls on me.
It’s a responsibility that no one can imagine,” Khodairi says.
"Sometimes the moon was declared visible when it was astronomically impossible to declare it visible," he insists.
A scientific approach
What will the moon look like this Ramadan?
Select a day to the right to see how the moon will look on that night
Images: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio.
| “Whenever livestock was lost, my dad would be called upon to try and find it,” Khodairi remembers. “ He was a well known guide in the desert, often accompanying people from the village to the holy city of Mecca.” He recalls climbing a sand hill with his father and grandfather in 1399 Hijri (1979), when he was in high school, observing the moon and then running back to his family to declare the beginning of Ramadan before the radio did. Abdullah al-Khodairi in the Saudi desert (Image: Abdullah al-Khodairi)
In 1404 Hijri (1985), when Prince Sultan Bin Faisal, a cousin of the Saudi king and an astronaut, declared the end of Ramadan after claiming to have seen the new moon from his vantage point aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery, 350km above the earth, Khodairi’s fascination with astronomy skyrocketed. While he only had the opportunity to study physical education at the local college, he read every astronomy book that came his way and sought the help of three professors at King Saud University in Riyadh. Khodairi is now the head of the observatory at Majmaah University in Hotat al-Sudair and the author of a number of books on the moon, astronomy and Islam. Average hours each region will fast during Ramadan. But despite his knowledge of astronomy, science and moon calculations, the scholar maintains that seeing the moon with the naked eye should be the criterion for declaring the start of a new month. This, many religious authorities say, has been the tradition since the times of the Prophet Muhammad. | 3,188 | 4,710 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668910048#7_2447718248 | http://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/ramadan-2016-moon-sight/index.html | What day of Ramadan is it today? 2016 moon sighting by Al Jazeera | In search of the
In search of the
The man who sights the moon in Saudi deserts
The new moon
“Only God knows the amount of pressure that falls on me.
It’s a responsibility that no one can imagine,” Khodairi says.
"Sometimes the moon was declared visible when it was astronomically impossible to declare it visible," he insists.
A scientific approach
What will the moon look like this Ramadan?
Select a day to the right to see how the moon will look on that night
Images: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio.
| While he only had the opportunity to study physical education at the local college, he read every astronomy book that came his way and sought the help of three professors at King Saud University in Riyadh. Khodairi is now the head of the observatory at Majmaah University in Hotat al-Sudair and the author of a number of books on the moon, astronomy and Islam. Average hours each region will fast during Ramadan. But despite his knowledge of astronomy, science and moon calculations, the scholar maintains that seeing the moon with the naked eye should be the criterion for declaring the start of a new month. This, many religious authorities say, has been the tradition since the times of the Prophet Muhammad. For those who opt for the most literal interpretations of sayings attributed to the prophet, mere cloud cover can prolong the fast by another day. This, says Sharaf al-Sufiani, the head of the Horizons Society for Space Sciences in Jeddah, has meant that the declaration of Ramadan has been haphazard on many occasions. "Sometimes the moon was declared visible when it was astronomically impossible to declare it visible," he insists. “I don’t see why we have to depend on people in the desert when astronomy can accurately tell the time of birth of the new moon with the accuracy of seconds, whether the crescent will be visible or not.” READ MORE: | 3,998 | 5,360 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668910048#8_2447720455 | http://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/ramadan-2016-moon-sight/index.html | What day of Ramadan is it today? 2016 moon sighting by Al Jazeera | In search of the
In search of the
The man who sights the moon in Saudi deserts
The new moon
“Only God knows the amount of pressure that falls on me.
It’s a responsibility that no one can imagine,” Khodairi says.
"Sometimes the moon was declared visible when it was astronomically impossible to declare it visible," he insists.
A scientific approach
What will the moon look like this Ramadan?
Select a day to the right to see how the moon will look on that night
Images: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio.
| For those who opt for the most literal interpretations of sayings attributed to the prophet, mere cloud cover can prolong the fast by another day. This, says Sharaf al-Sufiani, the head of the Horizons Society for Space Sciences in Jeddah, has meant that the declaration of Ramadan has been haphazard on many occasions. "Sometimes the moon was declared visible when it was astronomically impossible to declare it visible," he insists. “I don’t see why we have to depend on people in the desert when astronomy can accurately tell the time of birth of the new moon with the accuracy of seconds, whether the crescent will be visible or not.” READ MORE: What day of Ramadan is it today? A scientific approach
The actual visibility of the crescent depends on factors like atmospheric conditions, cloudiness, and most critical of all, the distance between the sun and the moon on the horizon. If the sun and the moon are too close to each other, there is a high chance that the moon will be invisible because of the glare caused by much brighter sunlight. Achmed Rasch, the 35-year-old managing director of Vista Rasch GmbH, the company overseeing the launch of an observatory and astronomy exhibition centre in the holy city of Mecca, says studies show that about 80 percent of the time, Saudi Arabia’s declaration of Ramadan has been inconsistent with astronomical calculations. The observatory centre, built in the enclosure of the Mecca Clock Tower, the largest clock tower in the world, hopes to provide the most accurate crescent sighting through high-end technologies and instruments. | 4,710 | 6,296 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668910048#9_2447722892 | http://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/ramadan-2016-moon-sight/index.html | What day of Ramadan is it today? 2016 moon sighting by Al Jazeera | In search of the
In search of the
The man who sights the moon in Saudi deserts
The new moon
“Only God knows the amount of pressure that falls on me.
It’s a responsibility that no one can imagine,” Khodairi says.
"Sometimes the moon was declared visible when it was astronomically impossible to declare it visible," he insists.
A scientific approach
What will the moon look like this Ramadan?
Select a day to the right to see how the moon will look on that night
Images: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio.
| What day of Ramadan is it today? A scientific approach
The actual visibility of the crescent depends on factors like atmospheric conditions, cloudiness, and most critical of all, the distance between the sun and the moon on the horizon. If the sun and the moon are too close to each other, there is a high chance that the moon will be invisible because of the glare caused by much brighter sunlight. Achmed Rasch, the 35-year-old managing director of Vista Rasch GmbH, the company overseeing the launch of an observatory and astronomy exhibition centre in the holy city of Mecca, says studies show that about 80 percent of the time, Saudi Arabia’s declaration of Ramadan has been inconsistent with astronomical calculations. The observatory centre, built in the enclosure of the Mecca Clock Tower, the largest clock tower in the world, hopes to provide the most accurate crescent sighting through high-end technologies and instruments. The view from the lunar balcony in the Mecca Clock Tower (Images: Vista Rasch)
What will the moon look like this Ramadan? NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio has calculated the different moon phases based on the position of the moon and the sun. Based on their scientific calculations, the lunar month of Ramadan will be 29 days long. However, the moon should not be visible from Saudi Arabia on the 29th night and so Muslims are expected to fast 30 days this year. | 5,361 | 6,765 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668910048#10_2447725132 | http://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/ramadan-2016-moon-sight/index.html | What day of Ramadan is it today? 2016 moon sighting by Al Jazeera | In search of the
In search of the
The man who sights the moon in Saudi deserts
The new moon
“Only God knows the amount of pressure that falls on me.
It’s a responsibility that no one can imagine,” Khodairi says.
"Sometimes the moon was declared visible when it was astronomically impossible to declare it visible," he insists.
A scientific approach
What will the moon look like this Ramadan?
Select a day to the right to see how the moon will look on that night
Images: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio.
| The view from the lunar balcony in the Mecca Clock Tower (Images: Vista Rasch)
What will the moon look like this Ramadan? NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio has calculated the different moon phases based on the position of the moon and the sun. Based on their scientific calculations, the lunar month of Ramadan will be 29 days long. However, the moon should not be visible from Saudi Arabia on the 29th night and so Muslims are expected to fast 30 days this year. A robotic telescope network, lunar telescopes, and an instrument perched on the balcony of the 600-metre-high tower are expected to minimise crescent sighting errors. The Saudi government-funded observatory is yet to open to the public, pending the approval of the highest authorities. Although astronomy told us that Ramadan would begin on June 6 this year, Khodairi still camped at the top of a hill hours before sunset, waiting to see the silver crescent with the powerful eyesight he inherited from his father. 1 - 30
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Images: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio. | 6,296 | 7,469 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#0_2447727159 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History
Consular Way, one of Pompeii's main streets
Going Down the Drain: Imogen Smythson (University of Bradford) collects a soil sample from a drain in the inn. An early map showing the extent of the early excavations in Pompeii. The triangle in the upper-left corner is our insula, VI,1. Exhumed but not excavated: an eighteenth-century engraving shows Pompeii's initial clearances. A visitor watches the AAPP work in the "shrine." Photos courtesy of the AAPP unless otherwise noted. Click on images to enlarge. What Happened in Pompeii
Pompeii is undoubtedly one of the world's best known archaeological sites. | 0 | 644 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#1_2447728048 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | an eighteenth-century engraving shows Pompeii's initial clearances. A visitor watches the AAPP work in the "shrine." Photos courtesy of the AAPP unless otherwise noted. Click on images to enlarge. What Happened in Pompeii
Pompeii is undoubtedly one of the world's best known archaeological sites. Its fame comes from its dramatic destruction and extraordinary preservation as a result of an eruption of Mount Vesuvius. On February 5, A.D. 62, Pompeii was at the epicenter of a severe earthquake that caused considerable structural damage to buildings and the infrastructure of the city. It is clear that the process of repair and redevelopment was slow and extensive. It involved projects such as the embellishment of the Forum and the rebuilding of the Temple of Isis, and also attempts to re-establish the city's water supply, which had been severely disrupted. The old notion that the elite citizens abandoned Pompeii at this time leaving the city neglected is being challenged by new work, including our own. | 348 | 1,360 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#2_2447729302 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | Its fame comes from its dramatic destruction and extraordinary preservation as a result of an eruption of Mount Vesuvius. On February 5, A.D. 62, Pompeii was at the epicenter of a severe earthquake that caused considerable structural damage to buildings and the infrastructure of the city. It is clear that the process of repair and redevelopment was slow and extensive. It involved projects such as the embellishment of the Forum and the rebuilding of the Temple of Isis, and also attempts to re-establish the city's water supply, which had been severely disrupted. The old notion that the elite citizens abandoned Pompeii at this time leaving the city neglected is being challenged by new work, including our own. On August 20, A.D. 79, Pompeii was rocked by more earth tremors, although they do not seem to have been as severe as the 62 earthquake. Springs in the area dried up. The ancient Pompeians did not recognize that these were signs of the imminent eruption of Vesuvius. Therefore when the volcano went off between noon and 1pm on August 24, it caught everyone by surprise. According to Pliny the Younger, a 12-mile high cloud of ash and rock was thrown into the air, blocking out the sun. | 645 | 1,845 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#3_2447730741 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | On August 20, A.D. 79, Pompeii was rocked by more earth tremors, although they do not seem to have been as severe as the 62 earthquake. Springs in the area dried up. The ancient Pompeians did not recognize that these were signs of the imminent eruption of Vesuvius. Therefore when the volcano went off between noon and 1pm on August 24, it caught everyone by surprise. According to Pliny the Younger, a 12-mile high cloud of ash and rock was thrown into the air, blocking out the sun. By chance, the wind was blowing from the northwest, so when the volcanic matter began to fall, it was blown in the direction of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Stabiae, and other sites to the southeast. The eruption produced total darkness, as well as electrical discharges from atmospheric disturbances. Ash, pumice, and rock fell, initially with a low density. This piled up in streets, on rooftops, and fell in through every open space such as windows. Some roofs collapsed under its weight and falling debris may also have caused injury. | 1,360 | 2,377 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#4_2447731997 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | By chance, the wind was blowing from the northwest, so when the volcanic matter began to fall, it was blown in the direction of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Stabiae, and other sites to the southeast. The eruption produced total darkness, as well as electrical discharges from atmospheric disturbances. Ash, pumice, and rock fell, initially with a low density. This piled up in streets, on rooftops, and fell in through every open space such as windows. Some roofs collapsed under its weight and falling debris may also have caused injury. This phase of the eruption continued for the rest of the day. People wandered around in darkness, pushing their way through pumice and debris, which was piling up. Some may have tried to escape, while others decided to wait it out. Surely no one had experienced such a catastrophe before so they did not know what to expect from it. Shortly after midnight, ground surges of magma and volcanic mud began as well as pyroclastic surges, avalanches of noxious gases and ash rushing from the cone of Vesuvius with terrific force at over 100 kilometers an hour. | 1,846 | 2,933 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#5_2447733324 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | This phase of the eruption continued for the rest of the day. People wandered around in darkness, pushing their way through pumice and debris, which was piling up. Some may have tried to escape, while others decided to wait it out. Surely no one had experienced such a catastrophe before so they did not know what to expect from it. Shortly after midnight, ground surges of magma and volcanic mud began as well as pyroclastic surges, avalanches of noxious gases and ash rushing from the cone of Vesuvius with terrific force at over 100 kilometers an hour. Herculaneum, which was situated at the base of Vesuvius, was hit with a surge and entombed in volcanic mud. Several pyroclastic surges roared toward Pompeii but were stopped from doing too much damage by the northern city wall right behind our city block. At about 7:30 am, enough pumice stones and debris had piled up that a pyroclastic surge finally rolled up over the top of the city wall, shearing off any buildings that were not already buried by volcanic matter. All people still present in the city died instantly, literally baked alive by the hot air of the surge. This is why on many of the plaster casts the limbs are pulled in toward the body, in what is described as the "pugilistic attitude," as the heat contracted all their flexor muscles. | 2,377 | 3,688 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#6_2447734876 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | Herculaneum, which was situated at the base of Vesuvius, was hit with a surge and entombed in volcanic mud. Several pyroclastic surges roared toward Pompeii but were stopped from doing too much damage by the northern city wall right behind our city block. At about 7:30 am, enough pumice stones and debris had piled up that a pyroclastic surge finally rolled up over the top of the city wall, shearing off any buildings that were not already buried by volcanic matter. All people still present in the city died instantly, literally baked alive by the hot air of the surge. This is why on many of the plaster casts the limbs are pulled in toward the body, in what is described as the "pugilistic attitude," as the heat contracted all their flexor muscles. Thousands of people died within the city during the eruption. Many more were probably killed in the surrounding landscape as they tried to flee, but little archaeological work has been done on Pompeii's hinterland. A powdery deposit followed the most destructive surge and when the eruption finally ceased late on August 25, only the largest structures in the city such as the Amphitheater and the Grand Palaestra were probably identifiable. Pompeii and Herculaneum were to remain buried for around 1,700 years. Survivors of the eruption must have decided that rebuilding on the site was out of the question, but some researchers claim that there were signs that for a time people lived in the ruins, and a fishing community probably existed at the mouth of the nearby river Sarno. | 2,934 | 4,470 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#7_2447736654 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | Thousands of people died within the city during the eruption. Many more were probably killed in the surrounding landscape as they tried to flee, but little archaeological work has been done on Pompeii's hinterland. A powdery deposit followed the most destructive surge and when the eruption finally ceased late on August 25, only the largest structures in the city such as the Amphitheater and the Grand Palaestra were probably identifiable. Pompeii and Herculaneum were to remain buried for around 1,700 years. Survivors of the eruption must have decided that rebuilding on the site was out of the question, but some researchers claim that there were signs that for a time people lived in the ruins, and a fishing community probably existed at the mouth of the nearby river Sarno. During the later Roman period, and into the Middle Ages, Pompeii was forgotten, apart from perhaps a remnant folk memory, only existing as a name for the area, La Cività. Between 1594 and 1600, Domenico Fontana dug an underground channel through Pompeii, but no further investigations in the area were made until the excavation of the buried Campanian towns began in Herculaneum in 1709. At this time Italy was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In March 1748, Rocco Gioacchino de Alcubiere, a surveying engineer, was sent by King Charles III of Spain with a mission to supply the Spanish court with ancient statues and other treasures. He inspected the water channel dug by Fontana and learned that at the place called La Cività objects of antiquity had been found. | 3,688 | 5,239 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#8_2447738454 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | During the later Roman period, and into the Middle Ages, Pompeii was forgotten, apart from perhaps a remnant folk memory, only existing as a name for the area, La Cività. Between 1594 and 1600, Domenico Fontana dug an underground channel through Pompeii, but no further investigations in the area were made until the excavation of the buried Campanian towns began in Herculaneum in 1709. At this time Italy was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In March 1748, Rocco Gioacchino de Alcubiere, a surveying engineer, was sent by King Charles III of Spain with a mission to supply the Spanish court with ancient statues and other treasures. He inspected the water channel dug by Fontana and learned that at the place called La Cività objects of antiquity had been found. The excavations at Pompeii have continued ever since. In the early 1980s, a separate Soprintendenza Archeologica di Pompei was created, responsible for all the Vesuvian sites. In 1995, Pietro Giovanni Guzzo became the Soprintendente of Pompeii. There is now an exciting phase of research at Pompeii, including new fieldwork, such as ours, which aims at discovering the historical sequence of urban development in the city. Alongside the research are the efforts to conserve the monument and present to the millions of visitors coming each year. | 4,471 | 5,784 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#9_2447740017 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | The excavations at Pompeii have continued ever since. In the early 1980s, a separate Soprintendenza Archeologica di Pompei was created, responsible for all the Vesuvian sites. In 1995, Pietro Giovanni Guzzo became the Soprintendente of Pompeii. There is now an exciting phase of research at Pompeii, including new fieldwork, such as ours, which aims at discovering the historical sequence of urban development in the city. Alongside the research are the efforts to conserve the monument and present to the millions of visitors coming each year. An important step has been the law passed in 1997 allowing the Soprintendenza to retain the revenue from all gate receipts. This has massively increased the resources available for conservation. Why Dig? For over 200 years now, we have been able to revisit the same moment in Pompeii's history, the moment it was fossilized as an archaeological site. Year after year, visitors have meandered through its alleys and moseyed through its buildings, but have always been tourists stuck in A.D. 79. | 5,240 | 6,278 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#10_2447741295 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | An important step has been the law passed in 1997 allowing the Soprintendenza to retain the revenue from all gate receipts. This has massively increased the resources available for conservation. Why Dig? For over 200 years now, we have been able to revisit the same moment in Pompeii's history, the moment it was fossilized as an archaeological site. Year after year, visitors have meandered through its alleys and moseyed through its buildings, but have always been tourists stuck in A.D. 79. Excavation below the level of the destruction has enabled us to move across time and throughout our insula 's history--from that late August day in A.D. 79 back through the ages to the fourth century B.C. Perhaps even earlier. What were these bars before they were bars? When was this workshop built? Was this house here in the first century B.C.? In the second century B.C.? | 5,785 | 6,654 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#11_2447742405 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | Excavation below the level of the destruction has enabled us to move across time and throughout our insula 's history--from that late August day in A.D. 79 back through the ages to the fourth century B.C. Perhaps even earlier. What were these bars before they were bars? When was this workshop built? Was this house here in the first century B.C.? In the second century B.C.? In the third? What did it look like? Excavation below the A.D. 79 level allows us to travel back in time and understand the whole history of VI,1 from that final August doomsday to the insula 's first instance of human activity. In fact, our time-travel is two-fold. With each stroke of the trowel, we move further and further back from A.D. 79. | 6,279 | 7,000 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#12_2447743367 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | In the third? What did it look like? Excavation below the A.D. 79 level allows us to travel back in time and understand the whole history of VI,1 from that final August doomsday to the insula 's first instance of human activity. In fact, our time-travel is two-fold. With each stroke of the trowel, we move further and further back from A.D. 79. At the same time, we are moving forward from the mid-sixteenth century. As archaeologists working in Pompeii, we are part of a long history and tradition of digging this ancient city. The archaeological site was first discovered in 1549, when an Italian named Domenico Fontana dug a water channel through Pompeii, but the dead city was left entombed. Within a century, the age of royal treasure hunting and piracy swept through the ancient city. In 1748, King Charles III of Spain commissioned his engineer to decorate the royal court with antiquities. | 6,655 | 7,553 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#13_2447744506 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | At the same time, we are moving forward from the mid-sixteenth century. As archaeologists working in Pompeii, we are part of a long history and tradition of digging this ancient city. The archaeological site was first discovered in 1549, when an Italian named Domenico Fontana dug a water channel through Pompeii, but the dead city was left entombed. Within a century, the age of royal treasure hunting and piracy swept through the ancient city. In 1748, King Charles III of Spain commissioned his engineer to decorate the royal court with antiquities. Workmen carted out acres of lapilli, and finally the streets, the frescoes, the mosaics, and even the skeletons of a once-vibrant city were picked open. Parts of ancient Pompeii--buried, protected, and preserved for nearly 17 centuries--had finally been cleared. In this first rush for Pompeian booty, VI,1 was cleared, but not recorded. The initial workmen have left us only a few sketchy plans and notes, while the insula was ransacked of its contents. From the late eighteenth century, Pompeii opened its doors to wealthy and educated visitors. | 7,001 | 8,101 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#14_2447745847 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | Workmen carted out acres of lapilli, and finally the streets, the frescoes, the mosaics, and even the skeletons of a once-vibrant city were picked open. Parts of ancient Pompeii--buried, protected, and preserved for nearly 17 centuries--had finally been cleared. In this first rush for Pompeian booty, VI,1 was cleared, but not recorded. The initial workmen have left us only a few sketchy plans and notes, while the insula was ransacked of its contents. From the late eighteenth century, Pompeii opened its doors to wealthy and educated visitors. The principal entrance was the Herculaneum Gate, making VI,1 the first stop along the grand tour. Artists and scholars flocked to the city. Their watercolors and journals documented the splendors of the insula shortly after their exhumation. Yet visitors' fascination with VI,1 was short-lived. Tourists, scholars, artists, and investors quickly shifted their interests towards the dramatic clearances occurring elsewhere in the city. | 7,554 | 8,536 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#15_2447747070 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | The principal entrance was the Herculaneum Gate, making VI,1 the first stop along the grand tour. Artists and scholars flocked to the city. Their watercolors and journals documented the splendors of the insula shortly after their exhumation. Yet visitors' fascination with VI,1 was short-lived. Tourists, scholars, artists, and investors quickly shifted their interests towards the dramatic clearances occurring elsewhere in the city. VI,1 had been disinterred from its protective grave of lapilli, but now it was abandoned to the ravages of the elements. In 1926, the young and dynamic Amedeo Maiuri, recently installed as the chief archaeologist of Pompeii, returned to the abandoned insula. Here he pioneered a new age in Pompeian archaeology: excavations below the destruction level. His approach was fresh, his question was innovative: | 8,102 | 8,942 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#16_2447748151 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | VI,1 had been disinterred from its protective grave of lapilli, but now it was abandoned to the ravages of the elements. In 1926, the young and dynamic Amedeo Maiuri, recently installed as the chief archaeologist of Pompeii, returned to the abandoned insula. Here he pioneered a new age in Pompeian archaeology: excavations below the destruction level. His approach was fresh, his question was innovative: what was this area like well before the eruption of A.D. 79? Archaeology and public interest in this part of the ancient city was immediately resuscitated. Maiuri's policy of wise-destruction--sacrificing some of the destruction level to look at earlier phases of the city--triumphed throughout the scholarly world. The brilliance of his legacy is proven in the fact that we are asking the very same question today. To follow in Maiuri's footsteps is a privilege, especially given the advances in the archaeological sciences we now enjoy. | 8,537 | 9,481 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668918489#17_2447749336 | http://interactive.archaeology.org/pompeii/history.html | Interactive Dig Pompeii - History | what was this area like well before the eruption of A.D. 79? Archaeology and public interest in this part of the ancient city was immediately resuscitated. Maiuri's policy of wise-destruction--sacrificing some of the destruction level to look at earlier phases of the city--triumphed throughout the scholarly world. The brilliance of his legacy is proven in the fact that we are asking the very same question today. To follow in Maiuri's footsteps is a privilege, especially given the advances in the archaeological sciences we now enjoy. Though our tools today--the trowels, shovels, buckets, and brushes--are nearly identical to Maiuri's, many advances have been made in archaeological method and methodology over the course of the past 70+ years. We are now able to reexamine Maiuri's revolutionary work. | 8,943 | 9,750 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668928466#0_2447750384 | http://interactive.aviationtoday.com/avionicsmagazine/december-2016-january-2017/pay-to-play-the-cost-of-ads-b-and-where-to-find-financial-assistance/ | December 2016/January 2017 - Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance | Avionics Digital Edition | Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
December 2016/January 2017
Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
The Cost of Complying
Installation
| December 2016/January 2017 - Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance | Avionics Digital Edition
December 2016/January 2017
Found in Feature
Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
Now that general aviation aircraft operators realize ADS-B is a necessary component of NextGen, they’re beginning to look to funding the acquisition and installation of related avionics in order to comply with the new rule. Robert Moorman
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When FAA published the final Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) rule in May 2010 mandating that aircraft flying in certain controlled airspace be equipped with ADS-B Out by January 1, 2020, there was the predictable howl from the General Aviation (GA) sector. GA operators protested that this component of the FAA’s Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) would cost too much and offer too little in return. The opposition to complying with the mandate loosened slowly in the last few years after a series of actions. Numerous meetings between the FAA, the avionics industry and GA lobbyists, alongside the decreasing cost of required avionics helped convince owners of less-expensive GA aircraft that complying with the new rule would not be cost prohibitive. The availability of affordable financing also helped. The largest of these funding sources, until recently, was the U.S. government-supported NextGen GA Fund, which was partially owned by Nexa Capital Partners. The government created the fund to help aircraft owners defray the costs of all avionics upgrades through funding and low-interest loans, including avionics outside of ADS-B Out or the more-capable ADS-B In, which provides traffic and weather information to pilots in the cockpit. | 0 | 1,761 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668928466#1_2447752790 | http://interactive.aviationtoday.com/avionicsmagazine/december-2016-january-2017/pay-to-play-the-cost-of-ads-b-and-where-to-find-financial-assistance/ | December 2016/January 2017 - Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance | Avionics Digital Edition | Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
December 2016/January 2017
Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
The Cost of Complying
Installation
| The opposition to complying with the mandate loosened slowly in the last few years after a series of actions. Numerous meetings between the FAA, the avionics industry and GA lobbyists, alongside the decreasing cost of required avionics helped convince owners of less-expensive GA aircraft that complying with the new rule would not be cost prohibitive. The availability of affordable financing also helped. The largest of these funding sources, until recently, was the U.S. government-supported NextGen GA Fund, which was partially owned by Nexa Capital Partners. The government created the fund to help aircraft owners defray the costs of all avionics upgrades through funding and low-interest loans, including avionics outside of ADS-B Out or the more-capable ADS-B In, which provides traffic and weather information to pilots in the cockpit. The fund, before being dismantled, would have eventually provided $1 billion in direct financial assistance to aircraft owners and its loss will be felt throughout the avionics sector. The NextGen fund was created long before the FAA’s recently announced $500 rebate program, which aims to defray costs of complying with the ADS-B Out mandate. The fund also would have been far more beneficial, according to Nexa. Rendering of the ADS-B communications networkPhoto courtesy of AOPA
In 2012, Nexa Capital Partners, at the urging of several avionics manufacturers, decided to form a specialized lending business for general and business aircraft owners. Nexa obtained loan guarantee authorization from the U.S. Congress, as part of the 2012 FAA Reauthorization Act, which enabled the fund to provide low-interest loans to pay for various avionics upgrades. | 916 | 2,616 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668928466#2_2447755126 | http://interactive.aviationtoday.com/avionicsmagazine/december-2016-january-2017/pay-to-play-the-cost-of-ads-b-and-where-to-find-financial-assistance/ | December 2016/January 2017 - Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance | Avionics Digital Edition | Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
December 2016/January 2017
Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
The Cost of Complying
Installation
| The fund, before being dismantled, would have eventually provided $1 billion in direct financial assistance to aircraft owners and its loss will be felt throughout the avionics sector. The NextGen fund was created long before the FAA’s recently announced $500 rebate program, which aims to defray costs of complying with the ADS-B Out mandate. The fund also would have been far more beneficial, according to Nexa. Rendering of the ADS-B communications networkPhoto courtesy of AOPA
In 2012, Nexa Capital Partners, at the urging of several avionics manufacturers, decided to form a specialized lending business for general and business aircraft owners. Nexa obtained loan guarantee authorization from the U.S. Congress, as part of the 2012 FAA Reauthorization Act, which enabled the fund to provide low-interest loans to pay for various avionics upgrades. Nexa’s goal was to establish a Special Purpose Company (SPC) to process the loan. Congress granted the Department of Transportation (DoT) authority to set up the loan program, which delegated the task to FAA, as U.S. law requires that a federal agency be involved when creating a federal loan guarantee program. “Unfortunately, the FAA decided that it was too inconvenient to take responsibility for issuing the loan guarantee,” said Michael J. Dyment, founder and managing partner of Nexa Capital Partners. “ And they came up with a variety of excuses on why they couldn’t do it.” The FAA’s recollection of what happened differs from Nexa’s, however. “ | 1,761 | 3,269 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668928466#3_2447757317 | http://interactive.aviationtoday.com/avionicsmagazine/december-2016-january-2017/pay-to-play-the-cost-of-ads-b-and-where-to-find-financial-assistance/ | December 2016/January 2017 - Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance | Avionics Digital Edition | Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
December 2016/January 2017
Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
The Cost of Complying
Installation
| Nexa’s goal was to establish a Special Purpose Company (SPC) to process the loan. Congress granted the Department of Transportation (DoT) authority to set up the loan program, which delegated the task to FAA, as U.S. law requires that a federal agency be involved when creating a federal loan guarantee program. “Unfortunately, the FAA decided that it was too inconvenient to take responsibility for issuing the loan guarantee,” said Michael J. Dyment, founder and managing partner of Nexa Capital Partners. “ And they came up with a variety of excuses on why they couldn’t do it.” The FAA’s recollection of what happened differs from Nexa’s, however. “ FAA was never granted the appropriations authority from Congress that would have been required to establish a loan guarantee program,” an FAA spokesperson told Avionics Magazine when questioned about the demise of the fund. “ FAA reviewed the NextGen GA application to evaluate financial risk to taxpayers and benefit to general aviation users. FAA engaged in extensive discussions with the applicant.” But nothing came of those talks. Among FAA’s objections, says Dyment, was that the interest rates the fund would charge were higher than what the aircraft owners could get independently. | 2,616 | 3,857 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668928466#4_2447759257 | http://interactive.aviationtoday.com/avionicsmagazine/december-2016-january-2017/pay-to-play-the-cost-of-ads-b-and-where-to-find-financial-assistance/ | December 2016/January 2017 - Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance | Avionics Digital Edition | Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
December 2016/January 2017
Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
The Cost of Complying
Installation
| FAA was never granted the appropriations authority from Congress that would have been required to establish a loan guarantee program,” an FAA spokesperson told Avionics Magazine when questioned about the demise of the fund. “ FAA reviewed the NextGen GA application to evaluate financial risk to taxpayers and benefit to general aviation users. FAA engaged in extensive discussions with the applicant.” But nothing came of those talks. Among FAA’s objections, says Dyment, was that the interest rates the fund would charge were higher than what the aircraft owners could get independently. Not true, claims Dyment. “ In fact, our loan rates would have been 1.5 percent lower than rates of a bank,” he says
In addition, the Nexa-led fund would have lent aircraft operators’ money based solely on their credit ratings, added Dyment. Borrowers would not have been required to use their aircraft as collateral or provide security guarantees, as is the case in some conventional bank loans. The authority for issuing the loan guarantees expires in February 2017 and it is unlikely Congress can force the agency to be the overseer of the loan guarantee program. Nexa also didn’t get much follow-up help from the Aircraft Owners and Operators Association (AOPA), whose members could have been primary beneficiaries of the NextGen fund, according to Dyment. | 3,269 | 4,616 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668928466#5_2447761279 | http://interactive.aviationtoday.com/avionicsmagazine/december-2016-january-2017/pay-to-play-the-cost-of-ads-b-and-where-to-find-financial-assistance/ | December 2016/January 2017 - Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance | Avionics Digital Edition | Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
December 2016/January 2017
Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
The Cost of Complying
Installation
| Not true, claims Dyment. “ In fact, our loan rates would have been 1.5 percent lower than rates of a bank,” he says
In addition, the Nexa-led fund would have lent aircraft operators’ money based solely on their credit ratings, added Dyment. Borrowers would not have been required to use their aircraft as collateral or provide security guarantees, as is the case in some conventional bank loans. The authority for issuing the loan guarantees expires in February 2017 and it is unlikely Congress can force the agency to be the overseer of the loan guarantee program. Nexa also didn’t get much follow-up help from the Aircraft Owners and Operators Association (AOPA), whose members could have been primary beneficiaries of the NextGen fund, according to Dyment. “Nexa and AOPA Finance had numerous discussions about working together. Had Nexa been able to provide a significantly more cost effective option than currently exists, AOPA Finance indicated it would gladly welcome the opportunity to send business that way. The reality is very few of our members have requested financing for just ADS-B equipage,” said Adam Meredith, president of AOPA Aircraft Financing. With the cards stacked against it, Nexa exited the fund in early 2016 and sold off its loans. “While it is disappointing to learn the NextGen GA Fund is no longer a financing option for aircraft owners to upgrade and equip their airplanes, I believe the FAA’s rebate program still provides some relief,” says John Uczekaj, president and CEO of Aspen Avionics. “ | 3,857 | 5,384 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668928466#6_2447763489 | http://interactive.aviationtoday.com/avionicsmagazine/december-2016-january-2017/pay-to-play-the-cost-of-ads-b-and-where-to-find-financial-assistance/ | December 2016/January 2017 - Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance | Avionics Digital Edition | Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
December 2016/January 2017
Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
The Cost of Complying
Installation
| “Nexa and AOPA Finance had numerous discussions about working together. Had Nexa been able to provide a significantly more cost effective option than currently exists, AOPA Finance indicated it would gladly welcome the opportunity to send business that way. The reality is very few of our members have requested financing for just ADS-B equipage,” said Adam Meredith, president of AOPA Aircraft Financing. With the cards stacked against it, Nexa exited the fund in early 2016 and sold off its loans. “While it is disappointing to learn the NextGen GA Fund is no longer a financing option for aircraft owners to upgrade and equip their airplanes, I believe the FAA’s rebate program still provides some relief,” says John Uczekaj, president and CEO of Aspen Avionics. “ It now becomes the responsibility of avionics manufacturers and installers to continue to help owners understand the value of the NextGen mandate and the long-term safety benefits it provides.” Uczekaj believes that part of the problem with encouraging ADS-B equippage is a lack of understanding by the GA community on the technology’s value. “ As an industry, we haven’t done a good enough job of telling that story [about benefits of ADS-B] beyond providing discounted solutions,” added Uczekaj. As an alternative-funding source to meet the mandate, the FAA recently launched its $500 rebate program to help owners of less-costly GA aircraft purchase and install avionics to become compliant with the ADS-B Out mandate. It is unclear whether the ADS-B Out rebate was launched as a direct result of the demise of the NextGen GA fund. | 4,616 | 6,217 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668928466#7_2447765778 | http://interactive.aviationtoday.com/avionicsmagazine/december-2016-january-2017/pay-to-play-the-cost-of-ads-b-and-where-to-find-financial-assistance/ | December 2016/January 2017 - Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance | Avionics Digital Edition | Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
December 2016/January 2017
Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
The Cost of Complying
Installation
| It now becomes the responsibility of avionics manufacturers and installers to continue to help owners understand the value of the NextGen mandate and the long-term safety benefits it provides.” Uczekaj believes that part of the problem with encouraging ADS-B equippage is a lack of understanding by the GA community on the technology’s value. “ As an industry, we haven’t done a good enough job of telling that story [about benefits of ADS-B] beyond providing discounted solutions,” added Uczekaj. As an alternative-funding source to meet the mandate, the FAA recently launched its $500 rebate program to help owners of less-costly GA aircraft purchase and install avionics to become compliant with the ADS-B Out mandate. It is unclear whether the ADS-B Out rebate was launched as a direct result of the demise of the NextGen GA fund. The $500 rebate is available only to owners of fixed-wing, single-engine piston aircraft that were registered in the U.S. before January 1, 2016. FAA is not providing rebates for software upgrades on aircraft already equipped with rule compliant ADS-B.
Under the rule, ADS-B Out will be required for aircraft operating in Class, A, B and C airspace, certain E class airspace at or above 10,000, and around busy airports identified in 14 CFR part 91, Appendix D. The agency estimates that 160,000 aircraft will require ADS-B Out, which transmits information about an aircraft’s speed, altitude and location to nearby aircraft and aircraft controllers. The program runs for one year from September 19, 2016 or until all 20,000 rebates have been claimed. If all the rebates are claimed, the cost to FAA would be $10 million. AOPA also has its own members-only loan options: | 5,384 | 7,088 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668928466#8_2447768146 | http://interactive.aviationtoday.com/avionicsmagazine/december-2016-january-2017/pay-to-play-the-cost-of-ads-b-and-where-to-find-financial-assistance/ | December 2016/January 2017 - Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance | Avionics Digital Edition | Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
December 2016/January 2017
Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
The Cost of Complying
Installation
| The $500 rebate is available only to owners of fixed-wing, single-engine piston aircraft that were registered in the U.S. before January 1, 2016. FAA is not providing rebates for software upgrades on aircraft already equipped with rule compliant ADS-B.
Under the rule, ADS-B Out will be required for aircraft operating in Class, A, B and C airspace, certain E class airspace at or above 10,000, and around busy airports identified in 14 CFR part 91, Appendix D. The agency estimates that 160,000 aircraft will require ADS-B Out, which transmits information about an aircraft’s speed, altitude and location to nearby aircraft and aircraft controllers. The program runs for one year from September 19, 2016 or until all 20,000 rebates have been claimed. If all the rebates are claimed, the cost to FAA would be $10 million. AOPA also has its own members-only loan options: the Flexible Aviation Loans (FAL) and Aircraft Finance Loans programs. Operators can use the money for avionics upgrades, including ADS-B Out. How the loan is used matters when it comes to choosing the best funding option: lump sum versus pay-as-you-go. Terms range from 24 to 84 months and rates vary accordingly, says AOPA, from the high-9 percent to mid-12 percentage points for the loan, depending on term and credit quality.” | 6,217 | 7,519 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668928466#9_2447770090 | http://interactive.aviationtoday.com/avionicsmagazine/december-2016-january-2017/pay-to-play-the-cost-of-ads-b-and-where-to-find-financial-assistance/ | December 2016/January 2017 - Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance | Avionics Digital Edition | Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
December 2016/January 2017
Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
The Cost of Complying
Installation
| the Flexible Aviation Loans (FAL) and Aircraft Finance Loans programs. Operators can use the money for avionics upgrades, including ADS-B Out. How the loan is used matters when it comes to choosing the best funding option: lump sum versus pay-as-you-go. Terms range from 24 to 84 months and rates vary accordingly, says AOPA, from the high-9 percent to mid-12 percentage points for the loan, depending on term and credit quality.” Avionics manufacturers, such as Aspen Avionics and L-3 Avionics, provide rebates on certain ADS-B-related products, but they are typically offered as part of a larger marketing and sales campaign and not a full time, ongoing effort. Based on conversations with avionics manufacturers and Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul companies (MROs) Aspen Avionics, Duncan Aviation, Southwest Aerospace and others, it is unlikely that AOPA members, particularly those that fly Part 23 aircraft, will see a $2,000 combined acquisition and installation price for ADS-B Out anytime soon. An ADS-B updated cockpit. Photo courtesy of Sarasota Avionics. The loss of the NextGen GA fund limits options for those GA aircraft operators that need financial help and could impact the bottom line for avionics manufacturers. | 7,089 | 8,319 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668928466#10_2447771958 | http://interactive.aviationtoday.com/avionicsmagazine/december-2016-january-2017/pay-to-play-the-cost-of-ads-b-and-where-to-find-financial-assistance/ | December 2016/January 2017 - Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance | Avionics Digital Edition | Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
December 2016/January 2017
Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
The Cost of Complying
Installation
| Avionics manufacturers, such as Aspen Avionics and L-3 Avionics, provide rebates on certain ADS-B-related products, but they are typically offered as part of a larger marketing and sales campaign and not a full time, ongoing effort. Based on conversations with avionics manufacturers and Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul companies (MROs) Aspen Avionics, Duncan Aviation, Southwest Aerospace and others, it is unlikely that AOPA members, particularly those that fly Part 23 aircraft, will see a $2,000 combined acquisition and installation price for ADS-B Out anytime soon. An ADS-B updated cockpit. Photo courtesy of Sarasota Avionics. The loss of the NextGen GA fund limits options for those GA aircraft operators that need financial help and could impact the bottom line for avionics manufacturers. “It’s a sad ending to what the aerospace industry thought would be a solution to equipage,” says Dyment. “ Our program would not have cost the government anything.” The Cost of Complying
Some GA aircraft operators are weighing the combined cost of acquisition and installation of avionics to meet the ADS-B Out mandate deadline in January 2020. The costs of equipage vary widely from aircraft to aircraft, particularly on installation costs, according to avionics manufacturers, installers and industry experts interviewed for this article. Early on, the avionics required to comply with the mandate varied from $10,000 to $20,000, says Joe Braddock, vice president of Southeast Aerospace, a distributor and modification center, but the costs for ADS-B Out systems now sell for less than $5,000 on average and don’t include trade-in options equipment such as a transponder. | 7,519 | 9,192 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668928466#11_2447774296 | http://interactive.aviationtoday.com/avionicsmagazine/december-2016-january-2017/pay-to-play-the-cost-of-ads-b-and-where-to-find-financial-assistance/ | December 2016/January 2017 - Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance | Avionics Digital Edition | Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
December 2016/January 2017
Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
The Cost of Complying
Installation
| “It’s a sad ending to what the aerospace industry thought would be a solution to equipage,” says Dyment. “ Our program would not have cost the government anything.” The Cost of Complying
Some GA aircraft operators are weighing the combined cost of acquisition and installation of avionics to meet the ADS-B Out mandate deadline in January 2020. The costs of equipage vary widely from aircraft to aircraft, particularly on installation costs, according to avionics manufacturers, installers and industry experts interviewed for this article. Early on, the avionics required to comply with the mandate varied from $10,000 to $20,000, says Joe Braddock, vice president of Southeast Aerospace, a distributor and modification center, but the costs for ADS-B Out systems now sell for less than $5,000 on average and don’t include trade-in options equipment such as a transponder. “We are not completely satisfied on the availability and pricing of ADS-B avionics,” says Rune Duke, AOPA director of government affairs, airspace and air traffic. In a survey of 5,000 AOPA members conducted with Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, respondents stated that $2,000 is the ideal price point for acquisition and installation of ADS-B Out equipment; with installation, the cost “can bring you above that amount,” according to Duke. More than 50 percent of the respondents say they didn’t want to pay more than $2,000 to meet the mandate. Avionics was able to obtain approximate equipment acquisition and installation cost estimates from some avionics makers and installers. | 8,319 | 9,880 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668928466#12_2447776546 | http://interactive.aviationtoday.com/avionicsmagazine/december-2016-january-2017/pay-to-play-the-cost-of-ads-b-and-where-to-find-financial-assistance/ | December 2016/January 2017 - Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance | Avionics Digital Edition | Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
December 2016/January 2017
Pay to Play: The Cost of ADS-B and Where to Find Financial Assistance
The Cost of Complying
Installation
| “We are not completely satisfied on the availability and pricing of ADS-B avionics,” says Rune Duke, AOPA director of government affairs, airspace and air traffic. In a survey of 5,000 AOPA members conducted with Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, respondents stated that $2,000 is the ideal price point for acquisition and installation of ADS-B Out equipment; with installation, the cost “can bring you above that amount,” according to Duke. More than 50 percent of the respondents say they didn’t want to pay more than $2,000 to meet the mandate. Avionics was able to obtain approximate equipment acquisition and installation cost estimates from some avionics makers and installers. Aspen Avionics produces ADS-B In and Out transceivers — all Aspen ADS-B products are In and Out. The company’s ATX100 s | 9,192 | 10,000 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#0_2447778022 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Customer Mailing Address
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#4_2447781745 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Aliquam at dignissim elit. Statement date and next meter reading date
The statement date is the date that the bill statement is issued and is usually the date that we read the meter. Please note that the number of days in a billing period may fluctuate due to weekends, holidays or changes in the date we read your meter. This may cause the total bill to vary even when the usage per day remains the same. Benefit 2 Headline
Proin vel blandit dolor. Quisque augue erat, porta at ultrices et, porttitor nec ligula. Suspendisse eget tincidunt nunc, sed dignissim magna. Proin in sapien fringilla, dignissim diam sed, iaculis magna. Aliquam at dignissim elit. Previous Statement Balance
This is the amount you owed as of your last bill. | 1,421 | 2,154 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#5_2447782664 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Quisque augue erat, porta at ultrices et, porttitor nec ligula. Suspendisse eget tincidunt nunc, sed dignissim magna. Proin in sapien fringilla, dignissim diam sed, iaculis magna. Aliquam at dignissim elit. Previous Statement Balance
This is the amount you owed as of your last bill. Benefit 2 Headline
Proin vel blandit dolor. Quisque augue erat, porta at ultrices et, porttitor nec ligula. Suspendisse eget tincidunt nunc, sed dignissim magna. Proin in sapien fringilla, dignissim diam sed, iaculis magna. Aliquam at dignissim elit. | 1,871 | 2,405 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#6_2447783383 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Benefit 2 Headline
Proin vel blandit dolor. Quisque augue erat, porta at ultrices et, porttitor nec ligula. Suspendisse eget tincidunt nunc, sed dignissim magna. Proin in sapien fringilla, dignissim diam sed, iaculis magna. Aliquam at dignissim elit. Payments posted since your last bill
This is the total of payments that have posted since your last bill. The most up-to-date payment information is available online. Log in to your account online to see your last payment. Benefit 2 Headline
Proin vel blandit dolor. Quisque augue erat, porta at ultrices et, porttitor nec ligula. | 2,154 | 2,736 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#7_2447784150 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Payments posted since your last bill
This is the total of payments that have posted since your last bill. The most up-to-date payment information is available online. Log in to your account online to see your last payment. Benefit 2 Headline
Proin vel blandit dolor. Quisque augue erat, porta at ultrices et, porttitor nec ligula. Suspendisse eget tincidunt nunc, sed dignissim magna. Proin in sapien fringilla, dignissim diam sed, iaculis magna. Aliquam at dignissim elit. Additional activity
This section may include miscellaneous debits or credits, such as deposits or service charges. Benefit 2 Headline
Proin vel blandit dolor. | 2,405 | 3,038 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#8_2447784969 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Suspendisse eget tincidunt nunc, sed dignissim magna. Proin in sapien fringilla, dignissim diam sed, iaculis magna. Aliquam at dignissim elit. Additional activity
This section may include miscellaneous debits or credits, such as deposits or service charges. Benefit 2 Headline
Proin vel blandit dolor. Quisque augue erat, porta at ultrices et, porttitor nec ligula. Suspendisse eget tincidunt nunc, sed dignissim magna. Proin in sapien fringilla, dignissim diam sed, iaculis magna. Aliquam at dignissim elit. New charges
New charges for this billing period, which are detailed in the account activity section. | 2,737 | 3,346 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#9_2447785764 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Quisque augue erat, porta at ultrices et, porttitor nec ligula. Suspendisse eget tincidunt nunc, sed dignissim magna. Proin in sapien fringilla, dignissim diam sed, iaculis magna. Aliquam at dignissim elit. New charges
New charges for this billing period, which are detailed in the account activity section. Benefit 2 Headline
Proin vel blandit dolor. Quisque augue erat, porta at ultrices et, porttitor nec ligula. Suspendisse eget tincidunt nunc, sed dignissim magna. Proin in sapien fringilla, dignissim diam sed, iaculis magna. Aliquam at dignissim elit. | 3,039 | 3,597 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#10_2447786507 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Benefit 2 Headline
Proin vel blandit dolor. Quisque augue erat, porta at ultrices et, porttitor nec ligula. Suspendisse eget tincidunt nunc, sed dignissim magna. Proin in sapien fringilla, dignissim diam sed, iaculis magna. Aliquam at dignissim elit. New charges due by
This is the latest date we can receive payment for your new/current charges before your account will be charged a late fee. Please note: If you have a previous balance on the account, please pay it immediately to avoid possible collection charges or other action. Please do not send cash or notes with your payment, as they may be lost in processing. Benefit 3 Headline
Fusce feugiat maximus leo sit amet dignissim. | 3,346 | 4,032 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#11_2447787379 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | New charges due by
This is the latest date we can receive payment for your new/current charges before your account will be charged a late fee. Please note: If you have a previous balance on the account, please pay it immediately to avoid possible collection charges or other action. Please do not send cash or notes with your payment, as they may be lost in processing. Benefit 3 Headline
Fusce feugiat maximus leo sit amet dignissim. Quisque condimentum ligula purus, et cursus augue placerat id. Morbi ultrices lorem lectus, vehicula varius risus interdum vitae. Vivamus a pulvinar elit. Duis sagittis ultricies lorem, eget posuere sapien tristique eu. Total Amount Paid
If you are mailing us a check or money order, write the amount that you are paying in this area and enclose this upper portion of your statement with your payment. | 3,597 | 4,434 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#12_2447788402 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Quisque condimentum ligula purus, et cursus augue placerat id. Morbi ultrices lorem lectus, vehicula varius risus interdum vitae. Vivamus a pulvinar elit. Duis sagittis ultricies lorem, eget posuere sapien tristique eu. Total Amount Paid
If you are mailing us a check or money order, write the amount that you are paying in this area and enclose this upper portion of your statement with your payment. Benefit 3 Headline
Fusce feugiat maximus leo sit amet dignissim. Quisque condimentum ligula purus, et cursus augue placerat id. Morbi ultrices lorem lectus, vehicula varius risus interdum vitae. Vivamus a pulvinar elit. Duis sagittis ultricies lorem, eget posuere sapien tristique eu. | 4,033 | 4,719 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#13_2447789274 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Benefit 3 Headline
Fusce feugiat maximus leo sit amet dignissim. Quisque condimentum ligula purus, et cursus augue placerat id. Morbi ultrices lorem lectus, vehicula varius risus interdum vitae. Vivamus a pulvinar elit. Duis sagittis ultricies lorem, eget posuere sapien tristique eu. Total amount due to FPL
This is the amount you owe for services already used plus any additional charges you may have incurred during the billing period (such as service charges, deposits, late payment charges, etc.). Please remit payment before the due date. Also consider having your bills paid automatically through FPL Automatic Bill Pay ®. Benefit 3 Headline
Fusce feugiat maximus leo sit amet dignissim. Quisque condimentum ligula purus, et cursus augue placerat id. | 4,434 | 5,192 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#14_2447790223 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Total amount due to FPL
This is the amount you owe for services already used plus any additional charges you may have incurred during the billing period (such as service charges, deposits, late payment charges, etc.). Please remit payment before the due date. Also consider having your bills paid automatically through FPL Automatic Bill Pay ®. Benefit 3 Headline
Fusce feugiat maximus leo sit amet dignissim. Quisque condimentum ligula purus, et cursus augue placerat id. Morbi ultrices lorem lectus, vehicula varius risus interdum vitae. Vivamus a pulvinar elit. Duis sagittis ultricies lorem, eget posuere sapien tristique eu. Account number
This is your account number. Please refer to this number if you contact us with questions about your account. | 4,719 | 5,474 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#15_2447791169 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Morbi ultrices lorem lectus, vehicula varius risus interdum vitae. Vivamus a pulvinar elit. Duis sagittis ultricies lorem, eget posuere sapien tristique eu. Account number
This is your account number. Please refer to this number if you contact us with questions about your account. Benefit 3 Headline
Fusce feugiat maximus leo sit amet dignissim. Quisque condimentum ligula purus, et cursus augue placerat id. Morbi ultrices lorem lectus, vehicula varius risus interdum vitae. Vivamus a pulvinar elit. Duis sagittis ultricies lorem, eget posuere sapien tristique eu. | 5,193 | 5,759 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#16_2447791921 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Benefit 3 Headline
Fusce feugiat maximus leo sit amet dignissim. Quisque condimentum ligula purus, et cursus augue placerat id. Morbi ultrices lorem lectus, vehicula varius risus interdum vitae. Vivamus a pulvinar elit. Duis sagittis ultricies lorem, eget posuere sapien tristique eu. Requesting Changes
You can request some changes to your account by completing and submitting information on the back of the bill. Please do not make changes or write notes on the front, since they will not be detected by the machine that processes the bills. Benefit 2 Headline
Proin vel blandit dolor. Quisque augue erat, porta at ultrices et, porttitor nec ligula. Suspendisse eget tincidunt nunc, sed dignissim magna. | 5,474 | 6,180 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#17_2447792813 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Requesting Changes
You can request some changes to your account by completing and submitting information on the back of the bill. Please do not make changes or write notes on the front, since they will not be detected by the machine that processes the bills. Benefit 2 Headline
Proin vel blandit dolor. Quisque augue erat, porta at ultrices et, porttitor nec ligula. Suspendisse eget tincidunt nunc, sed dignissim magna. Proin in sapien fringilla, dignissim diam sed, iaculis magna. Aliquam at dignissim elit. Address to send correspondence
This is the address to send correspondence to us; however, payments should be mailed to: FPL GENERAL MAIL FACILITY
MIAMI, FL 33188-0001
Benefit 3 Headline
Fusce feugiat maximus leo sit amet dignissim. | 5,759 | 6,501 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#18_2447793744 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Proin in sapien fringilla, dignissim diam sed, iaculis magna. Aliquam at dignissim elit. Address to send correspondence
This is the address to send correspondence to us; however, payments should be mailed to: FPL GENERAL MAIL FACILITY
MIAMI, FL 33188-0001
Benefit 3 Headline
Fusce feugiat maximus leo sit amet dignissim. Quisque condimentum ligula purus, et cursus augue placerat id. Morbi ultrices lorem lectus, vehicula varius risus interdum vitae. Vivamus a pulvinar elit. Duis sagittis ultricies lorem, eget posuere sapien tristique eu. FPL Care to Share ®
FPL Care to Share ® is a program through which your donations are given to customers in need by charities in your community. | 6,181 | 6,866 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668944456#19_2447794628 | http://interactive.fpl.com/bill | Quisque condimentum ligula purus, et cursus augue placerat id. Morbi ultrices lorem lectus, vehicula varius risus interdum vitae. Vivamus a pulvinar elit. Duis sagittis ultricies lorem, eget posuere sapien tristique eu. FPL Care to Share ®
FPL Care to Share ® is a program through which your donations are given to customers in need by charities in your community. Benefit 4 Headline
Cras maximus, massa mollis maximus laoreet, mi sapien consectetur leo, consequat hendrerit lorem quam ac magna. Pellentesque lacus nisi, venenatis eget dignissim nec, suscipit at leo. Suspendisse euismod vulputate erat, rutrum volutpat augue vulputate et. Vivamus in metus ex. | 6,502 | 7,162 |
||
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668951832#0_2447795484 | http://interactive.marylandtaxes.com/Extranet/cpb/POSC/User/Start.aspx | Payroll Online Service Center | Payroll Online Service Center
CPB Home
Help Topics
Information needed for Sign Up
Security and privacy of information
Type of web browser needed to use the POSC application
POSC Overview
General Help
POSC Start Page
As a matter of SECURITY, All users will be REQUIRED to change their Password every 4 months. First time users, please read the ( Help Topics) listed in the left menu. For concerns not addressed in a specific ( Help Topic) use General Help
A link for Feedback / Suggestions will be provided after successful logon
For assistance with POSC, please email [email protected] . If you have forgotten your LogonID or Password please use the Recover LogonID / Reset Forgotten Password process. Sign Up
First time using the POSC? Use this process to create a LogonID and Password. Logon
Access the POSC using your LogonID and Password. | 0 | 876 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668952949#0_2447796645 | http://interactive.marylandtaxes.com/INDIV/refundstatus/home.aspx | Home Page | Home Page
Want To Check On Your Current Year Refund? You can check on the status of your current year Maryland income tax refund by providing your Social Security number and the exact amount of your refund as shown on the tax return you submitted. Enter this information in the boxes below. If you filed a joint return, please enter the first Social Security number shown on your return. In the refund box below, enter the exact amount of refund you requested, including dollars and cents. Please note that acknowledging receipt of your return takes place when your return has processed and appears in our computer system. We do not acknowledge receipt of a tax return when it is received in the Revenue Administration Division building. Electronic filers
If you filed electronically through a professional tax preparer and haven’t received your refund yet, contact your preparer first to make sure that your return was transmitted to us before checking the status of your Maryland refund. Paper filers
Due to budget constraints and staff reductions, we estimate processing of paper returns to take 30 days. Save yourself some time next year and consider electronically filing your tax return. | 0 | 1,209 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668952949#1_2447798099 | http://interactive.marylandtaxes.com/INDIV/refundstatus/home.aspx | Home Page | Please note that acknowledging receipt of your return takes place when your return has processed and appears in our computer system. We do not acknowledge receipt of a tax return when it is received in the Revenue Administration Division building. Electronic filers
If you filed electronically through a professional tax preparer and haven’t received your refund yet, contact your preparer first to make sure that your return was transmitted to us before checking the status of your Maryland refund. Paper filers
Due to budget constraints and staff reductions, we estimate processing of paper returns to take 30 days. Save yourself some time next year and consider electronically filing your tax return. Please note : fields preceded by * are required fields | 504 | 1,264 |
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668954411#0_2447799091 | http://interactive.orlandosentinel.com/mental-illness/intro.html | In crisis: Florida’s mental-health epidemic reaches crisis point - Orlando Sentinel | In crisis
In crisis
Florida’s mental-health epidemic reaches crisis point
By Kate Santich and Jeff Kunerth, Orlando Sentinel
Sharelines
Percentage of U.S. adults with any mental illness
By age
By sex
Per capita spending on mental health
Where to find help
Florida hospitalizations by reason, in thousands
| In crisis: Florida’s mental-health epidemic reaches crisis point - Orlando Sentinel
In crisis
ad iframe
Florida’s mental-health epidemic reaches crisis point
By Kate Santich and Jeff Kunerth, Orlando Sentinel
Sharelines
Mental illness in Central Florida reaches point of crisis
ad iframe
An epidemic is spreading in Florida. At its worst, mental illness asserts itself in paranoia and delusions that can explode into violence, which happened last month when a lawyer shot three people at Florida State University before police killed him. But more commonly, it resides in the private and personal anguish of those who struggle daily with a mind at war with itself. It does not discriminate. Clockwise from top, right: Surviving suicide gave Altamonte Springs resident Joe Mendoza a second chance; Jonathan Carson began high school in Orlando bright, talented and full of promise. He left four years later disconnected and disabled. His father talks about a life with schizophrenia; | 0 | 981 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668954411#1_2447800709 | http://interactive.orlandosentinel.com/mental-illness/intro.html | In crisis: Florida’s mental-health epidemic reaches crisis point - Orlando Sentinel | In crisis
In crisis
Florida’s mental-health epidemic reaches crisis point
By Kate Santich and Jeff Kunerth, Orlando Sentinel
Sharelines
Percentage of U.S. adults with any mental illness
By age
By sex
Per capita spending on mental health
Where to find help
Florida hospitalizations by reason, in thousands
| Clockwise from top, right: Surviving suicide gave Altamonte Springs resident Joe Mendoza a second chance; Jonathan Carson began high school in Orlando bright, talented and full of promise. He left four years later disconnected and disabled. His father talks about a life with schizophrenia; people like Orlando police officer Manny Varela must balance compassion with the need to protect themselves and others when dealing with desperately mentally ill; Orange County Jail Corrections officer Greg Dawkins works at the largest mental health institution in five Central Florida counties: the Orange County Jail; Sierra Denniston seemed to have everything: talent, brains, ambition and a lot of people who believed in her. | 690 | 1,411 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668954411#2_2447802051 | http://interactive.orlandosentinel.com/mental-illness/intro.html | In crisis: Florida’s mental-health epidemic reaches crisis point - Orlando Sentinel | In crisis
In crisis
Florida’s mental-health epidemic reaches crisis point
By Kate Santich and Jeff Kunerth, Orlando Sentinel
Sharelines
Percentage of U.S. adults with any mental illness
By age
By sex
Per capita spending on mental health
Where to find help
Florida hospitalizations by reason, in thousands
| people like Orlando police officer Manny Varela must balance compassion with the need to protect themselves and others when dealing with desperately mentally ill; Orange County Jail Corrections officer Greg Dawkins works at the largest mental health institution in five Central Florida counties: the Orange County Jail; Sierra Denniston seemed to have everything: talent, brains, ambition and a lot of people who believed in her. Then, at 14, the Orlando teen developed signs of bipolar disorder. Photos by Ricardo Ramirez-Buxeda/Orlando Sentinel; Carson photo courtesy Carson family. It’s Sierra Denniston, a teenager battling bipolar disorder. It’s Joe Mendoza, a middle-age man who, suffering from depression, tried to kill himself. | 982 | 1,717 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1668954411#3_2447803418 | http://interactive.orlandosentinel.com/mental-illness/intro.html | In crisis: Florida’s mental-health epidemic reaches crisis point - Orlando Sentinel | In crisis
In crisis
Florida’s mental-health epidemic reaches crisis point
By Kate Santich and Jeff Kunerth, Orlando Sentinel
Sharelines
Percentage of U.S. adults with any mental illness
By age
By sex
Per capita spending on mental health
Where to find help
Florida hospitalizations by reason, in thousands
| Then, at 14, the Orlando teen developed signs of bipolar disorder. Photos by Ricardo Ramirez-Buxeda/Orlando Sentinel; Carson photo courtesy Carson family. It’s Sierra Denniston, a teenager battling bipolar disorder. It’s Joe Mendoza, a middle-age man who, suffering from depression, tried to kill himself. It’s A.C. and Jo Ann Carson, who lost their son after two decades of schizophrenia. It’s the police officers who serve as the first responders in our mental-health system. It’s corrections officers who deal with mentally ill inmates every day. It’s neighbors struggling with a mentally ill homeowner. Where to find help
We never notice how wide and deep mental illness has spread until it reaches a state of crisis in our communities. | 1,412 | 2,152 |
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