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specific media sources based on a personal need. For learners this is exceptionally useful since it gives an
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insight and the ability to positively influence their own motivations, expectations, and the perceived value of
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5 Blumler, J. G., & McQuail, D. (1969). Television in politics: Its uses and influence. University of Chicago Press.
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Access for free at openstax.org
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2.2 • The Motivated Learner
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their education.
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Figure 2.5 The Uses and Gratification model indicates that people will actively seek out and integrate specific media into their lives.
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(Credit: Garry Knight / Flickr / Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC-BY 2.0))
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If you understand the key concepts of the Uses and Gratification model, you can make informed decisions
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about your own learning: how you learn, which materials you use to learn, and what motivates you to learn. An
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illustration of this was found in the example given in the previous section on grit. There, a series of exam study
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activities were presented—first reading the appropriate chapters, then making a list of chapter concepts and
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reviewing what was known, then returning to learn the information needed to fill the gaps. Each activity was
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chosen by the learner based on how well it fit their needs to help reach the goal of doing well on an exam.
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Here we should offer a brief word of caution about being wary when choosing materials and media. There is a
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great deal of misleading and inaccurate information presented via the Internet and social media. Making
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informed decisions about your learning and the material you consume includes checking sources and avoiding
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information that is not credible.
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"We are able to consciously make learning choices based on our own identified needs and what
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we hope to gain by that learning."
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6
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In his book Key Themes in Media Theory, Dan Laughey presents the UGT model according to its original
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authors as a single sentence that divides each area of influence into the following concerns:
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1.
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2.
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3.
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4.
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5.
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6.
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7.
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Social and psychological origins of …
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needs, which generate …
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expectations of …
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the mass media or other sources, which lead to …
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differential patterns of media exposure, resulting in …
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needs gratification and …
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other unintended consequences.
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Taken as a list or a single sentence, this can be a bit overwhelming to digest. There are many things being said
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at the same time, and they may not all be immediately clear. To better understand what each of the “areas of
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concern” are and how they can impact learning, each has been separated and explained in the table below.
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6 Dan Laughey, (2007). Key Themes in Media Theory, Open University Press
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41
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42
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2 • The Truth About Learning Styles
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Area of
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Concern
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What it means for you
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How it applies to learning
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Real-world example
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1. Social and
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psychological
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origins of …
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Your motivations, not
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only as a student but as
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a person, and both the
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social and psychological
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factors that influence
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you
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This can be everything from the
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original motivation behind enrolling
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in school in the first place, down to
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more specific goals like why you want
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to learn to write and communicate
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well.
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A drive to be selfsupporting and to
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take on a productive
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role in society.
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2. needs,
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which
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generate …
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Better job, increased
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income, satisfying
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career, prestige
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This can include the area of study you
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select and the school you choose to
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attend.
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