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false | And partly it 's related to rhythmic structure in conversation , so , you know , you you t Yeah , this is d also um , people tend to time their their their , um when they come into the conversation based on the overall rhythmic , uh uh , ambient thing. | QMSum_87 |
false | Well | QMSum_87 |
false | Right. | QMSum_87 |
false | So you don't want to be c cross - cutting. And and , just to finish this , that um That I think that there may be an upper bound on how many overlaps you can have , simply from the standpoint of audibility and how loud the other people are who are already in the fray. But I you know , of certain types. Now if it 's just backchannels , people may be doing that with less intention of being heard , just sort of spontaneously doing backchannels , in which case that those might there may be no upper bound on those. | QMSum_87 |
true | I I have a feeling that backchannels , which are the vast majority of overlaps in Switchboard , uh , don't play as big a role here , because it 's very unnatural I think , to backchannel if in a multi - audience you know , in a multi - person audience. | QMSum_87 |
false | If you can see them , actually. It 's interesting , so if you watch people are going like Right right , like this here , | QMSum_87 |
false | Right. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | but That may not be the case if you couldn't see them. | QMSum_87 |
false | But but , it 's sort of odd if one person 's speaking and everybody 's listening , and it 's unusual to have everybody going " uh - huh , uh - huh " | QMSum_87 |
false | Actually , I think I 've done it a fair number of times today. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | But. | QMSum_87 |
false | There 's a lot of head - nodding , in this | QMSum_87 |
false | Um. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yep , we need to put trackers on it. | QMSum_87 |
false | In in the two - person | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah , yeah , yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | He could , he could. | QMSum_87 |
false | Plus plus plus the Yeah. So so actually , um That 's in part because the nodding , if you have visual contact , the nodding has the same function , but on the phone , in Switchboard you you that wouldn't work. So so you need to use the backchannel. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah , you don't have it. Your mike is | QMSum_87 |
false | So , in the two - person conversations , when there 's backchannel , is there a great deal of overlap in the speech ? | QMSum_87 |
false | That is an earphone , so if you just put it so it 's on your ear. | QMSum_87 |
false | or Cuz my impression is sometimes it happens when there 's a pause , | QMSum_87 |
false | Yes. | QMSum_87 |
false | There you go. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | E for example. | QMSum_87 |
false | Thank you. | QMSum_87 |
false | you know , like you you get a lot of backchannel , when somebody 's pausing | QMSum_87 |
false | Yes. Right. | QMSum_87 |
false | She 's doing that. | QMSum_87 |
false | Sorry , what were you saying ? | QMSum_87 |
false | It 's hard to do both , huh ? Um no , when when when there 's backchannel , I mean , just I was just listening , and and when there 's two people talking and there 's backchannel it seems like , um the backchannel happens when , you know , the pitch drops and the first person | QMSum_87 |
false | Oh. | QMSum_87 |
false | and a lot of times , the first person actually stops talking and then there 's a backchannel and then they start up again , and so I 'm wondering about h I just wonder how much overlap there is. Is there a lot ? | QMSum_87 |
false | I think there 's a lot of the kind that Jose was talking about , where I mean , this is called " precision timing " in conversation analysis , where they come in overlapping , but at a point where the information is mostly complete. So all you 're missing is some last syllables or something or the last word or some highly predictable words. | QMSum_87 |
false | Mmm. Mm - hmm. | QMSum_87 |
false | So technically , it 's an overlap. | QMSum_87 |
false | But maybe a just a small overlap ? | QMSum_87 |
false | But you know , from information flow point of view it 's not an overlap in the predictable information. | QMSum_87 |
false | More , yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | It 'd be interesting if we could do prediction. | QMSum_87 |
false | I was just thinking more in terms of alignment , alignment overlap. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | Language model prediction of overlap , that would be really interesting. | QMSum_87 |
false | So so | QMSum_87 |
false | Well , that 's exactly , exactly why we wanted to study the precise timing of overlaps ins in uh Switchboard , | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | Right. | QMSum_87 |
false | Right. | QMSum_87 |
false | say , because there 's a lot of that. | QMSum_87 |
false | So so here 's a here 's a first interesting labeling task. Uh , to distinguish between , say , backchannels precision timing Sort of you know , benevolent overlaps , and and and w and and sort of , um I don't know , hostile overlaps , where someone is trying to grab the floor from someone else. | QMSum_87 |
false | Mm - hmm. Let 's pick a different word. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | Uh , that that might be an interesting , um problem to look at. | QMSum_87 |
false | Hostile takeovers. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah. Yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | Well , I mean you could do that. I ju I I think that in this meeting I really had the feeling that wasn't happening , that the hostile hostile type. These were these were benevolent types , as people finishing each other 's sentences , and stuff. | QMSum_87 |
false | OK. | QMSum_87 |
false | Mm - hmm. | QMSum_87 |
false | Um , I could imagine that as there 's a fair number of um cases where , and this is sort of , not really hostile , but sort of competitive , where one person is finishing something and you have , like , two or three people jumping trying to trying to trying to , uh grab the next turn. | QMSum_87 |
false | Trying to get the floor. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | And so it 's not against the person who talks first because actually we 're all waiting for that person to finish. But they all want to be next. | QMSum_87 |
false | I have a feeling most of these things are that that are not a benevolent kind are are are , uh um are are competitive as opposed to real really really hostile. | QMSum_87 |
false | Right. | QMSum_87 |
false | I wonder what determines who gets the floor ? | QMSum_87 |
false | But. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah , I agree. I agree. | QMSum_87 |
false | I mean | QMSum_87 |
false | Well , there are various things , you you have the | QMSum_87 |
false | Uh a vote vote in Florida. | QMSum_87 |
false | It 's been studied a lot. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | Voting for | QMSum_87 |
false | Um , o one thing I I wanted to or you can tell a good joke and then everybody 's laughing and you get a chance to g break in. | QMSum_87 |
false | Seniority. | QMSum_87 |
false | But. But. Um. You know , the other thing I was thinking was that , um these all these interesting questions are , of course , pretty hard to answer with , uh u you know , a small amount of data. | QMSum_87 |
false | Ach. | QMSum_87 |
false | So , um I wonder if what you 're saying suggests that we should make a conscious attempt to have , um a a fair number of meetings with , uh a smaller number of people. Right ? I mean we most of our meetings are uh , meetings currently with say five , six , seven , eight people Should we really try to have some two - person meetings , or some three - person meetings and re record them just to to to beef up the the statistics on that ? | QMSum_87 |
false | That 's a control. Well , it seems like there are two possibilities there , I mean i it seems like if you have just two people it 's not really , y like a meeting , w is not as similar as the rest of the of the sample. It depends on what you 're after , of course , but It seems like that would be more a case of the control condition , compared to , uh an experimental condition , with more than two. | QMSum_87 |
false | Mm - hmm. | QMSum_87 |
false | Well , Liz was raising the question of of whether i it 's the number there 's a relationship between the number of people and the number of overlaps or type of overlaps there , | QMSum_87 |
false | Mm - hmm. | QMSum_87 |
false | and , um If you had two people meeting in this kind of circumstance then you 'd still have the visuals. You wouldn't have that difference also that you have in the say , in Switchboard data. Uh | QMSum_87 |
false | Mm - hmm. Yeah , I 'm just thinking that 'd be more like a c control condition. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | Mm - hmm. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah. | QMSum_87 |
false | Well , but from the acoustic point of view , it 's all good. | QMSum_87 |
false | Is the same. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah , acoustic is fine , but | QMSum_87 |
false | If if the goal were to just look at overlap you would you could serve yourself save yourself a lot of time but not even transcri transcribe the words. | QMSum_87 |
false | Well , I was thinking you should be able to do this from the acoustics , on the close - talking mikes , | QMSum_87 |
false | Yep. | QMSum_87 |
false | Yeah. | QMSum_87 |
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