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[ "In the tenor clef , which occurs in orchestral music , the B major key signature is usually written in just two `` lines '' of sharps .", "In the alto clef , used in orchestral music , the B major key signature is usually written in just two `` lines '' of sharps ." ]
[ "Its key signature has five sharps .", "B major is a major scale based on B. Its key signature has five sharps ." ]
[ "In the treble clef , putting the sharp for A on its expected position relative to the sharp for G would require a ledger line .", "In the treble clef , putting the sharp for A where it looks like it should be , next to the sharp for G , would mean that a ledger line would have to be used ." ]
[ "Although B major is usually thought of as a remote key ( due to its distance from C major in the circle of fifths and its fairly large number of sharps ) , Frédéric Chopin regarded its scale as the easiest of all to play , as its black notes fit the natural positions of the fingers well ; as a consequence he often assigned it first to beginning piano students , leaving the scale of C major till last because he considered it the hardest of all scales to play completely evenly ( because of its complete lack of black notes ) .", "Although B major is usually thought of as a `` far away '' key because it has many sharps and is quite far from C major in the circle of fifths , Frédéric Chopin thought that it was the easiest scale of all to play , as its black notes fit the natural positions of the fingers well ." ]
[ "In the alto and bass clefs it would be possible to do this , but because in piano music ( which uses the treble and bass clefs ) this would result in a dissimilarity between the two staves that might throw off sight-reading , this is not usually done .", "In the bass clef it would be possible to do this without a ledger line , but because sight reading is easier when both staves look the same , it is not usually done in piano music ." ]
[ "In this aspect , it resembled the stegosaurids , which also bore primitive teeth and simple jaws .", "In this aspect , they resembled the stegosaurids , which also bore primitive teeth and simple jaws ." ]
[ "It may have reared up on its hind legs to browse on foliage from trees , but its arms were relatively long , indicating a mostly quadrupedal posture .", "It may have reared up on its hind legs to browse on foliage from trees , but its forefeet were as large as its hind feet , indicating a mostly quadrupedal posture ." ]
[ "Scelidosaurus was quadrupedal , with the hindlimbs longer than the forelimbs .", "Scelidosaurus was quadrupedal , with the hindlimbs considerably longer than the forelimbs ." ]
[ "A full-grown Scelidosaurus was rather small compared to most later non-avian dinosaurs , but it was a medium-sized species in the Early Jurassic .", "A full-grown Scelidosaurus was rather small , compared to most other dinosaurs ." ]
[ "However , while some later ornithischian groups possessed teeth capable of grinding plant material , Scelidosaurus had smaller , less complex leaf-shaped teeth suitable for cropping vegetation and jaws capable of only vertical movement , due to a short jaw joint .", "However , while other ornithischians had teeth capable of grinding plant material , Scelidosaurus had smaller , less complex teeth and a jaw capable of only simple up-and-down jaw movements ." ]
[ "Its diet would have consisted of ferns or conifers , as grasses did not evolve until late into the Cretaceous Period , after Scelidosaurus was long extinct .", "Their diet would have consisted of leaved plants or fruits , as grasses did not evolve until after Scelidosaurus had become extinct ." ]
[ "Ghosts of Albion : Legacy ( 2003 ) and its sequels are available on the BBC Cult website .", "Ghosts of Albion : Legacy ( 2003 ) and its sequels are available on the BBC Cult website ( http :\\ / \\ / www.bbc.co.uk \\ / cult\\/ghosts\\/legacy \\ / ) ." ]
[ "The following year ( 2002 ) , she worked with Christopher Golden and AJ ( Ajit Jothikaumar ) of Dark Horse Comics to create the Buffy the Vampire Slayer : Willow and Tara comic books titled Wilderness # 1 and Wilderness # 2 .", "During the same year , she worked with Christopher Golden and AJ ( Ajit Jothikaumar ) of Dark Horse Comics to create the Buffy the Vampire Slayer : Willow and Tara comic books titled Wilderness # 1 and Wilderness # 2 ." ]
[ "Amber Nicole Benson ( born January 8 , 1977 ) is an American actress , writer , film director , and film producer .", "Amber Nicole Benson ( born January 8 , 1977 ) is an American actress , writer , movie director , and movie producer ." ]
[ "In 2001 , Benson worked with Golden , Terry Moore , and Eric Powell of Dark Horse Comics to create the Buffy the Vampire Slayer : Willow and Tara comic book titled `` WannaBlessedBe '' .", "In 2003 , Benson worked with Golden , Terry Moore , and Eric Powell of Dark Horse Comics to create the Buffy the Vampire Slayer : Willow and Tara comic book titled WannaBlessedBe ." ]
[ "Benson and Golden have also collaborated on two supernatural thrillers : Ghosts of Albion : Accursed and Ghosts of Albion : Witchery .", "Benson and Golden have also worked together on two supernatural thrillers : Ghosts of Albion : Accursed and Ghosts of Albion : Witchery ." ]
[ "She provided vocals for the songs `` I 've Got a Theory \\ / Bunnies \\ / If We 're Together '' , `` Under Your Spell '' ( her solo ) , `` Walk Through the Fire '' , `` Standing\\/Under Your Spell ( Reprise ) '' and `` Where Do We Go from Here ? ''", "She sang on the songs `` I 've Got a Theory \\ / Bunnies \\ / If We 're Together '' , `` Under Your Spell '' ( her solo ) , `` Walk Through the Fire '' , `` Standing\\/Under Your Spell ( Reprise ) '' and `` Where Do We Go From Here ? ''" ]
[ "She had a mixed Christian and Jewish upbringing ( her father was Jewish and her mother was Christian ) .", "She had a mixed Christian and Jewish upbringing ." ]
[ "In 2006 , Benson released her second independent feature film Lovers , Liars & Lunatics through her own production company , Benson Entertainment .", "In 2006 , Benson released her second movie Lovers , Liars and Lunatics through her own production company , Benson Entertainment ." ]
[ "She also collaborated with director James Kerwin in 2003 to produce her play , Albert Hall , in Hollywood .", "In 2003 , she worked with director James Kerwin to produce her play , Albert Hall , in Hollywood ." ]
[ "These books follow the fortunes of Tamara and William Swift , who first appeared in the BBC computer animated web movie Ghosts of Albion : Legacy .", "These books follow the stories of Tamara and William Swift , characters from the BBC computer animated web movie Ghosts of Albion : Legacy ." ]
[ "In 2005 , Benson collaborated with artist Jamie McKelvie on a short story within the Image Comics collection Four Letter Worlds .", "In 2005 , Benson worked with artist Jamie McKelvie on a short story for the Image Comics collection Four Letter Worlds ." ]
[ "While still working on Buffy the Vampire Slayer , Benson co-wrote the movie The Theory of the Leisure Class with director Gabriel Bologna , released in 2001 , and directed , produced , edited , and acted in a digital video feature called Chance ( 2002 ) which also featured her Buffy co-star James Marsters .", "While still working on Buffy the Vampire Slayer , Benson wrote , directed , produced , edited , and acted in a movie called Chance ( 2002 ) ." ]
[ "In 2006 , Benson collaborated with artist Ben Templesmith on Demon Father John 's Pinwheel Blues published by IDW as a four-part split-book , Shadowplay ( with work by Ashley Wood and Christina Z ) .", "In 2006 , Benson worked with artist Ben Templesmith on Demon Father John 's Pinwheel Blues published by IDW ." ]
[ "In September 2007 , Benson signed a three-book deal with Ginjer Buchanan of Penguin Books .", "In September of 2007 , Benson signed a three-book deal with Penguin Books ." ]
[ "Benson was born January 8 , 1977 in Birmingham , Alabama , to Edward Benson , a psychiatrist , and Diane Benson .", "Benson was born in Birmingham , Alabama ." ]
[ "She is best known for her role as Tara Maclay on the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer , but has also directed , produced and starred in her own films Chance ( 2002 ) and Lovers , Liars & Lunatics ( 2006 ) .", "She is best known for her role as `` Tara Maclay '' , on the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer ." ]
[ "Benson and Christopher Golden produced began a series of animated fantasy films for the BBC with the animation studio Cosgrove Hall .", "After her time on Buffy , Benson began working on a series of animated movies for the BBC with co-creator Christopher Golden and animation company Cosgrove Hall ." ]
[ "From 1579 on the region belonged to Saxony , and after 1815 it was divided between the Prussian Province of Saxony and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen .", "From 1579 on the region belonged to Saxony , but after 1815 it was divided between the Prussian Province of Saxony and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen ." ]
[ "The Kyffhäuserkreis is a district in the northern part of Thuringia , Germany .", "Kyffhäuserkreis is a rural district in the northern part of Thuringia , Germany ." ]
[ "In 1952 the two districts of Artern and Sondershausen were established .", "In 1952 the two districts of Artern and Sondershausen were set up by the East German government ." ]
[ "At that time it was the largest air force in the world .", "It is the oldest air force in the world ." ]
[ "The Royal Air Force ( RAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces .", "The Royal Air Force ( sometimes called RAF , its acronym ) , is the air force of the United Kingdom ." ]
[ "Death of a Salesman is a 1949 play written by American playwright Arthur Miller .", "Death of a Salesman is a 1949 tragedy play which was written by Arthur Miller ." ]
[ "The ColecoVision offered near-arcade-quality graphics and gaming style along with the means to expand the system 's basic hardware .", "The ColecoVision offered arcade-quality graphics and gaming style , and the means to expand the system 's basic hardware ." ]
[ "The name Proterozoic comes from Greek and means `` earlier life '' .", "The name Proterozoic comes from the Greek `` earlier life '' ." ]
[ "A further Act of Union in 1800 added the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland .", "A further Act of Union in 1800 joined the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ." ]
[ "As a result , in 1927 the United Kingdom changed its formal title to the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , '' usually shortened to the `` United Kingdom '' , the `` UK '' or `` Britain '' .", "As a result , in 1927 Britain changed its formal title to `` The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' , usually shortened to `` the United Kingdom '' , `` the UK '' or `` Britain '' ." ]
[ "Under the terms of the merger , the separate Parliaments of Great Britain and Ireland were abolished , and replaced by a united Parliament of the United Kingdom .", "The separate Parliaments of Great Britain and Ireland were abolished , and replaced by a united Parliament of the United Kingdom ." ]
[ "The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was brought about by the Act of Union 1800 , creating the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland '' .", "The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was completed under the Act of Union 1800 ." ]
[ "On 1 January 1801 , the Great Britain and Ireland joined to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland .", "The second stage in the development of the United Kingdom took effect on January , 1st , 1801 , when the Kingdom of Great Britain merged with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ." ]
[ "The history of the United Kingdom as a unified sovereign state began in 1707 with the political union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland , into a united kingdom called Great Britain .", "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the sovereign state ." ]
[ "Ireland thus became an integral part of the United Kingdom , sending around 100 MPs to the House of Commons at Westminster and 28 representative peers to the House of Lords , elected from among their number by the Irish peers themselves , except that Roman Catholic peers were not permitted to take their seats in the Lords .", "Ireland sent around 100 MPs to the House of Commons at Westminster and 28 peers to the House of Lords ." ]
[ "Substantial majorities were achieved , and according to contemporary documents this was assisted by bribery in the form of the awarding of peerages and honors to opponents to gain their votes .", "The Act was passed in the British and therefore unrepresentative Irish Parliament with substantial majorities achieved in part ( according to contemporary documents ) through bribery , namely the awarding of peerages and honors to critics to get their votes ." ]
[ "Although now a single kingdom , certain aspects of the former independent kingdoms remained separate , in line with the terms in the Treaty of Union : Scottish and English law remained separate , as did the Presbyterian Church of Scotland and the Anglican Church of England .", "Certain aspect of the former independent kingdoms remained separate ." ]
[ "The field of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibers is known as fiber optics .", "The study of optical fibers is called fiber optics , which is part of applied science and engineering ." ]
[ "Optical fibers have a wide number of applications .", "An optical fiber is a long , thin strand of clear material ." ]
[ "Lowell is a city in Middlesex County , Massachusetts , USA .", "Lowell is a city in Massachusetts ." ]
[ "On December 7 , 1997 , Michinoku defeated Brian Christopher at D-Generation X : In Your House to become the first WWF Light Heavyweight Champion recognized by the WWF .", "During his time in the WWF , Michinoku became the first ever WWF Light Heavyweight Champion when he defeated Brian Christopher at D-Generation X : In Your House ." ]
[ "( born October 26 , 1973 ) , better known by his ring name Taka Michinoku , is a professional wrestler who has wrestled all over the world as well he was a former mixed martial artist .", "Takao Yoshida ( born October 26 , 1973 ) is a Japanese professional wrestler and former mixed martial artist who is currently working for New Japan Pro Wrestling under the ring name , Taka Michinoku ." ]
[ "At this the orchestra exploded with the most vehement protestations - hammer blows , in fact ... '' Later , he said : `` In composing the music , I had in my mind a distinct picture of a puppet , suddenly endowed with life , exasperating the patience of the orchestra with diabolical cascades of arpeggios .", "Stravinsky was thinking of the Russian hand puppet , Petrushka , when he wrote the concert piece : `` In composing the music , I had in my mind a distinct picture of a puppet , suddenly endowed with life , exasperating the patience of the orchestra with diabolical cascades of arpeggios ." ]
[ "Gribbles bore into wood and plant material for ingestion as food .", "Gribbles bore into wood and plant material for food ." ]
[ "The term `` gribble '' was originally assigned to the wood-boring species , especially the first species described from Norway by Jens Rathke in 1799 , Limnoria lignorum .", "The term gribble was originally used for the wood-boring species , especially the first species described from Norway by Rathke in 1799 , Limnoria lignorum ." ]
[ "A gribble ( or gribble worm ) is any of about 56 species of marine isopod from the family Limnoriidae .", "A gribble is any species of marine isopod from the family Limnoriidae ." ]
[ "The Limnoriidae are now known to include seaweed and seagrass borers , as well as wood borers .", "The Limnoriidae have species which bore into seaweed and sea grass , as well as wood borers ." ]
[ "John Dube , its first president , and poet and author Sol Plaatje were among its founding members .", "John Dube , its first president , and poet and author Sol Plaatje are among its founding members ." ]
[ "The ANC has also been criticised for its subsequent abolition of the Scorpions , the multidisciplinary agency that investigated and prosecuted organised crime and corruption , and was heavily involved in the investigation into Zuma and Shaik .", "The ANC has also been criticised for its subsequent abolishment of the Scorpions , the multidisciplinary agency that investigated and prosecuted organised crime and corruption , and was heavily involved in the investigation into Zuma and Shaik ." ]
[ "There was a significant portion of the ANC who therefore turned to violence to achieve their goals .", "There was a significant portion of the ANC who therefore turned to violence in order to achieve their goals ." ]
[ "In co-operation with the South African Communist Party , MK was founded in 1961 .", "In cooperation with the South African Communist Party , MK was founded in 1961 ." ]
[ "Whites eventually joined the fight against apartheid , leading many Black nationalists to break away from the ANC .", "Whites eventually joined the fight against apartheid , leading many black supremacists to break away from the ANC ." ]
[ "Umkhonto we Sizwe or MK , translated `` Spear of the Nation '' , was the military wing of the ANC .", "Umkhonto we Sizwe ( or MK ) , translated `` Spear of the Nation '' , was the military wing of the ANC ." ]
[ "The MK committed terrorist acts to achieve their aims , and MK was responsible for the deaths of both civilians and members of the military .", "Some members of MK committed terrorist acts to achieve their aims , and MK was responsible for the deaths of both civilians and members of the military ." ]
[ "The government tried to stop the ANC by banning party leaders and enacting new laws to stop the ANC , however these measures ultimately proved to be ineffective .", "The government tried to stop the ANC by banning party leaders and enacting new laws to stop the ANC , however these measures failed ." ]
[ "In 1955 , the Congress of the People officially adopted the Freedom Charter , stating the core principles of the South African Congress Alliance , which consisted of the African National Congress and its allies the South African Communist Party ( SACP ) , the South African Indian Congress , the South African Congress of Democrats ( COD ) and the Coloured People 's Congress .", "In 1955 , the Congress of the People officially adopted the Freedom Charter , stating the core principles of the South African Congress Alliance , which consisted of the African National Congress and its allies the South African Indian Congress , the South African Congress of Democrats and the Coloured People 's Congress ." ]
[ "German detectives raided the offices of the German company and found documentation linking Yengeni to the bribe Other recent corruption issues include the sexual misconduct and criminal charges of Beaufort West municipal manager Truman Prince , and the Oilgate scandal , in which millions of Rand in funds from a state-owned company were allegedly funnelled into ANC coffers .", "Other recent corruption issues include the sexual misconduct and criminal charges of Beaufort West municipal manager Truman Prince , and the Oilgate scandal , in which millions of Rand in funds from a state-owned company were allegedly funneled into ANC coffers ." ]
[ "The African National Congress ( ANC ) is the Republic of South Africa 's governing political party , supported by its Tripartite Alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions ( COSATU ) and the South African Communist Party ( SACP ) , since the establishment of multi-racial democracy in April 1994 .", "The African National Congress ( ANC ) , supported by the Congress of South African Trade Unions ( COSATU ) and the South African Communist Party ( SACP ) , has been South Africa 's governing left-wing political party since the establishment of non-racial democracy in April 1994 ." ]
[ "Members founded the organization as the South African Native National Congress ( SANNC ) on 8 January 1912 at the Waaihoek Wesleyan Church in Bloemfontein to increase the rights of the black South African population .", "Members founded the organization as the South African Native National Congress ( SANNC ) on 8 January 1912 in Bloemfontein to increase the rights of the black South African population ." ]
[ "It can be said that the SANNC had its origins in a pronouncement by Pixley ka Isaka Seme who said in 1911 , `` Forget all the past differences among Africans and unite in one national organization . ''", "The ANC had its origins in a pronouncement by Pixley ka Isaka Seme who said in 1911 Forget all the past differences among Africans and unite in one national organization ." ]
[ "This led to a later Defiance Campaign in the 1950s , a mass movement of resistance to apartheid .", "This led to a later Defiance Campaign in the 1950s , a mass movement of resistance to South Africa under apartheid ." ]
[ "Further increases in 2004 , with 69.7 % of the votes .", "It gained support in the 1999 elections , and further increased its majority in 2004 , with 69.7 % of the votes ." ]
[ "Many consider their actions to be criminal , but the MK deemed the means justified by the end goal of ending apartheid .", "Many consider their actions to be criminal , but the MK said violence was justified by the goal of ending apartheid ." ]
[ "By 1927 , J.T. Gumede ( president of the ANC ) proposed co-operation with the Communists in a bid to revitalise the organization , but he was voted out of power in the 1930s .", "By 1927 , J.T. Gumende ( president of the ANC ) proposed cooperation with the Communists in a bid to revitalise the organization , but he was voted out of power in the 1930s ." ]
[ "Partly in response to the Sharpeville massacre of 1960 , individual members of the ANC found it necessary to consider violence to combat what passive protest had failed to quell .", "Partly in response to the Sharpeville Massacre of 1960 , individual members of the ANC thought violence was needed because peaceful passive protest had failed ." ]
[ "In 1923 , the organization became the African National Congress , and in 1929 the ANC supported a militant mineworkers ' strike .", "By 1919 , the ANC led a campaign against passes , and in 1929 the ANC supported a militant mineworkers ' strike ." ]
[ "The Land Act was promulgated in 1913 forcing many non-whites from their farms into the cities and towns to work , and to restrict their movement within South Africa .", "The effect of these laws was to force many non-whites from their farms into the cities and towns to work , and to restrict their movement within South Africa ." ]
[ "The ANC spent over R1 billion of taxpayers ' money on luxury vehicles , expensive hotels , banquets , advertising and other `` wasteful expenditure '' between August 2009 and April 2010 .", "The ANC has reportedly wasted over R1 billion of taxpayers ' money over the past eight months on luxury vehicles , expensive hotels , banquets , advertising and other `` wasteful expenditure '' The main thrust behind this reporting is the official opposition in the country , the Democratic Alliance ( DA ) ." ]
[ "During that time , black people were also represented by the ICU and the previously white-only Communist party .", "During that time , black people were also represented by the Industrial and Commercial Workers ' Union and the once white-only Communist party ." ]
[ "Event Horizon is a 1997 American science fiction horror film .", "Event Horizon is a 1997 Anglo-American science fiction horror movie ." ]
[ "The film stars Laurence Fishburne and Sam Neill .", "It stars Laurence Fishburne , Sam Neill , Kathleen Quinlan and Joely Richardson ." ]
[ "She is best known from the account given by the Roman poet Virgil in his Aeneid .", "She is best known from the story about her in the Aeneid by the Roman poet Virgil ." ]
[ "Dido married Acerbas her uncle who as priest of Heracles-that is , Melqart-was second in power to King Pygmalion .", "She was married to Acerbas who was a priest of Hercules ." ]
[ "Flannel , flannelette , and cotton flannel can be woven in either a twill weave or plain weave .", "Flannel , flannelette and cotton flannel can be woven in either a twill weave or plain weave ." ]
[ "Flannelette can either have long or short nap , and can be napped on one or two sides .", "Flannelette can either have long or short nap , and can be napped on only one or two sides ." ]
[ "Flannel was originally made from carded wool or worsted yarn , but is now often made from either wool , cotton , or synthetic fiber .", "Flannel was originally made from carded wool or worsted yarn , but is now often made from either wool and cotton , or wool and synthetic fiber ." ]
[ "Flannel is commonly used to make tartan clothing , blankets , bed sheets , and sleepwear .", "It is commonly used to make clothing , bed sheets , and sleepwear ." ]
[ "If the flannel is not napped , it gains its softness through the loosely spun yarn in its woven form .", "It usually does not have a nap , and instead gains its softness through the loosely spun yarn it is woven from ." ]
[ "Flannelette typically refers to a napped cotton the texture of flannel .", "Flannelette is a light , napped cotton fabric imitating the texture of flannel ." ]
[ "In organisms that use chromosomal crossover to exchange DNA and recombine genes , errors in alignment during meiosis can also cause mutations .", "In organisms which use chromosomal crossovers to exchange DNA and recombine genes , errors in alignment during meiosis can also cause mutations ." ]
[ "The modern science of genetics , seeking to understand this process , began with the work of Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th century .", "However , the modern science of genetics , which seeks to understand the process of inheritance , only began with the work of Gregor Mendel in the mid-nineteenth century ." ]
[ "The observation that living things inherit traits from their parents has been used since prehistoric times to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding .", "The fact that living things inherit traits from their parents has been known since prehistoric times , and used to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding ." ]
[ "Chemical damage to DNA occurs naturally as well and cells use DNA repair mechanisms to repair mismatches and breaks .", "Chemical damage to DNA occurs naturally as well , and cells use DNA repair mechanisms to repair mismatches and breaks in DNA-nevertheless , the repair sometimes fails to return the DNA to its original sequence ." ]
[ "Processes that increase the rate of changes in DNA are called mutagenic : mutagenic chemicals promote errors in DNA replication , often by interfering with the structure of base-pairing , while UV radiation induces mutations by causing damage to the DNA structure .", "Mutagenic chemicals increase errors in DNA replication , often by interfering with the structure of base-pairing , while UV radiation induces mutations by causing damage to the DNA structure ." ]
[ "These errors create large structural changes in DNA sequence - duplications , inversions , deletions of entire regions - or the accidental exchange of whole parts of sequences between different chromosomes ( chromosomal translocation ) .", "These errors create large structural changes in DNA sequence-duplications , inversions or deletions of entire regions , or the accidental exchanging of whole parts between different chromosomes ( called translocation ) ." ]
[ "Mendel observed that organisms inherit traits by way of discrete `` units of inheritance '' .", "Although he did not know the physical basis for heredity , Mendel observed that organisms inherit traits via discrete units of inheritance , which are now called genes ." ]
[ "During the process of DNA replication , errors occasionally occur in the polymerization of the second strand .", "During the process of DNA replication , errors sometimes occur ." ]
[ "The set of alleles for a given organism is called its genotype , while the observable traits of the organism are called its phenotype .", "The whole set of genes is called the genotype , and the total effect of genes on the body is called the phenotype ." ]
[ "These errors , called mutations , can have an impact on the phenotype of an organism , especially if they occur within the protein coding sequence of a gene .", "These errors , called mutations , can have an effect on the phenotype of an organism ." ]
[ "When organisms are heterozygous at a gene , often one allele is called dominant as its qualities dominate the phenotype of the organism , while the other allele is called recessive as its qualities recede and are not observed .", "In that case , the two alleles are called co-dominant ." ]
[ "When a plant has two copies of this white allele , its flowers are white-regardless of whether the first gene has blue or magenta alleles .", "Since a living thing has two copies of each gene , it can have two different alleles of it at the same time ." ]
[ "Although the science of genetics began with the applied and theoretical work of Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th century , other theories of inheritance preceded Mendel .", "However , the science of genetics would not be possible today without the early work of Gregor Mendel ." ]