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[ "Louis-Charles de France was born at the Palace of Versailles , the second son and third child of his parents , Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette .", "He was the second son and the third child of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette of France ." ]
[ "He became the Dauphin at the death of his elder brother Louis-Joseph .", "He became Dauphin of France after the death of his elder brother Louis-Joseph in 1789 ." ]
[ "They are native to Europe , the Mediterranean , northwestern Africa , and western Asia .", "They live in Europe , the Mediterranean , northwestern Africa and western Asia ." ]
[ "They will emerge from the ground during periods of rain and breed in pools , which are usually temporary .", "They will come out from the ground during times of rain and breed in pools , which are usually temporary ." ]
[ "The European spadefoot toads are small - to large-sized frogs , up to 10 cm ( 3.9 in ) in length , which are often inconspicuously colored .", "The European spadefoot toads are small to large sized frogs ." ]
[ "The eggs are laid in temporary ponds that may quickly evaporate , so tadpole stage is unusually brief , with rapid development to the adult form in as little as two weeks .", "The eggs are laid in temporary ponds that may quickly evaporate ." ]
[ "The European spadefoot toads are a family of frogs , the Pelobatidae , with only one extant genus Pelobates , containing four species .", "The European spadefoot toads are a family of frogs , the Pelobatidae ." ]
[ "They have hardened protrusions on their feet to aid in digging , which is the source of the common name .", "They have a hardened growth on their feet to help in digging ." ]
[ "The port of Osaka serves as a shipping hub for the Kansai region along with the port of Kobe .", "Osaka is in the Kansai region ." ]
[ "The city of Osaka has its west side open to Osaka Bay .", "is the capital city of Osaka Prefecture which faces Osaka Bay and the Seto Inland Sea ." ]
[ "Located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay , Osaka is Japan 's third largest city by population after Tokyo ( special wards ) and Yokohama , as well as a regional economic hub .", "But Osaka is still a large , important city ." ]
[ "John Griffith `` Jack '' London ( born John Griffith Chaney , January 12 , 1876 - November 22 , 1916 ) was an American author , journalist , and social activist .", "John Griffith `` Jack '' London ( born John Griffith Chaney , January 12 , 1876 - November 22 , 1916 ) was an American writer ." ]
[ "Here London wrote one of his most celebrated works , The Call of the Wild .", "His most famous book was The Call of the Wild ." ]
[ "The first recorded use of spring green as a color name in English ( meaning the color that is now called spring bud ) was in 1766 .", "The first written use of spring green as a color name in English ( meaning the color that is now called spring bud ) was in 1766 ." ]
[ "The color spring bud is also called soft spring green .", "The color spring bud is also called soft spring green or spring green ( traditional ) ." ]
[ "Spring Bud ( Spring Green ( traditional ) ) ( #A 7FC00 ) Spring bud is the color that used to be called spring green before the X11 web color spring green was formulated in 1987 when the X11 colors were first promulgated .", "Spring bud is the color that used to be called spring green before the X11 web color spring green was formulated in 1987 when the X11 colors were first invented ." ]
[ "He was a member of the board of the Psychological Corporation and served as president of the American Psychological Association in 1912 .", "He was a member of the board of the Psychological Corporation , and served as president of the American Psychological Association in 1912 ." ]
[ "Edward Lee `` Ted '' Thorndike ( August 31 , 1874 - August 9 , 1949 ) was an American Psychologist who spent nearly his entire career at Teachers College , Columbia University .", "Ted Thorndike ( Edward Lee Thorndike , August 31 , 1874 - August 9 , 1949 ) was an American psychologist who spent nearly his entire career at Teachers College , Columbia University ." ]
[ "His work on Comparative psychology and the learning process led to the theory of connectionism and helped lay the scientific foundation for modern educational psychology .", "This led to the theory of connectionism , and helped lay the scientific foundation for modern educational psychology ." ]
[ "He also worked on solving industrial problems , such as employee exams and testing .", "Thorndike also worked on industrial problems , such as employee exams and testing ." ]
[ "Multimedia devices are electronic media devices used to store and experience multimedia content .", "Multimedia also means the use of electronic media to store and experience multimedia content ." ]
[ "Ethnic Channels Group , who sponsored the application to get JLTV on the approved list , is the official Canadian distributor of the channel .", "Ethnic Channels Group sponsored the application to get JLTV on the approved list ." ]
[ "Jewish Life Television ( JLTV ) is a 24-hour , full-time TV network delivering Jewish-themed programming .", "Jewish Life Television ( JLTV ) is a TV network ." ]
[ "Launched in 2007 , JLTV offers news , sports , lifestyle and entertainment programming including films , documentaries , music , reviews , interviews and special events .", "JLTV has news , sports , lifestyle and entertainment programming ." ]
[ "Members of its website can access live and on-demand programming ; watch unique local , national and international news stories ; and take part in one of the fastest growing online social networks .", "Members can access live and on-demand programming and watch local , national and international news stories ." ]
[ "Its spotlight on Israel and Jewish life is facilitated by broadcast studios in Los Angeles , New York City and Toronto as well as bureaus in Jerusalem , Tel Aviv , Washington , D.C. , Miami , London and Moscow .", "It has broadcast studios in Los Angeles , New York City and Toronto ." ]
[ "Thebe was discovered by Stephen P. Synnott in images from the Voyager 1 space probe taken on March 5 , 1979 , and was initially given the provisional designation S\\/1979 J 2 .", "It was found by Stephen P. Synnott in images from the Voyager 1 space probe taken on March 5 , 1979 and was given the designation S\\/1979 J 2 ." ]
[ "Its bulk density and mass are not known , but assuming that its mean density is like that of Amalthea ( around 0.86 g\\/cm ³ ) , its mass can be estimated at roughly 4.3 × 1017 kg .", "Its bulk density and mass are not known but assuming that it mean density is like that of Amalthea ( ~ 0.86 g\\/cm ³ ) its mass can be estimated at ~ 4.3 × 1017 kg ." ]
[ "These values are unusually high for an inner satellite and can be explained by the past influence of the innermost Galilean satellite , Io ; in the past , several mean motion resonances with Io would have passed through Thebe 's orbit as Io gradually receded from Jupiter , and these excited Thebe 's orbit .", "These values are unusually high for a closer moon and can be explained by the past influence of the closest Galilean satellite Io ; in the past , several mean motion resonances with Io would have passed through Thebe 's orbit as Io gradually moved away from Jupiter , and these excited Thebe 's orbit ." ]
[ "In 1983 it was officially named after the mythological nymph Thebe who was a lover of Zeus-the Greek equivalent of Jupiter .", "In 1983 it was officially named after the mythological nymph Thebe who was the daughter of the river god Asopus and a lover of Zeus ( the Greek equivalent of Jupiter ) ." ]
[ "However , before the Galileo spacecraft arrived at Jupiter , knowledge about it was extremely limited .", "However , before the Galileo spacecraft arrived at Jupiter , little was known about it ." ]
[ "Thebe is the outermost of the inner Jovian moons , and orbits Jupiter at a distance of about 222,000 km ( 3.11 Jupiter radii ) .", "It orbits Jupiter at a distance of ~ 222,000 km ( 3.11 Jupiter radii ) ." ]
[ "Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.018 , and an inclination of 1.08 ° relative to the equator of Jupiter .", "The orbit of Thebe has an orbital eccentricity of ~ 0.018 and an inclination of ~ 1.08 ° relative to the equator of Jupiter ." ]
[ "Galileo imaged almost all of the surface of Thebe and helped clarify its composition .", "Galileo imaged almost all of the surface of Thebe and put constraints on its composition ." ]
[ "Thebe ( \\ / ˈθiːbiː \\ / THEE-bee ; Greek : Θήβη ) also known as Jupiter XIV , is the fourth of Jupiter 's moons by distance from the planet .", "Thebe or Jupiter XIV , is the fourth of Jupiter 's known moons ( by distance from the planet ) ." ]
[ "In 1976 Mandelstam gave her archives to Princeton University in the United States .", "In 1979 she gave her archives ( letters , books and photographs ) to Princeton University in the United States of America ." ]
[ "Nadezhda Yakovlevna Mandelstam ( Russian : Наде́жда Я́ковлевна Мандельшта́м , née Khazina ; 30 October ( O.S. 18 October ) 1899 - 29 December 1980 ) was a Russian writer and educator , and the wife of the poet Osip Mandelstam who died in 1938 in a transit camp to the gulag of Siberia .", "Nadezhda Yakovlevna Mandelstam was born Nadezhda Yakovlevna Hazin in Saratov on 31 October , 1899 and died on 29 December , 1980 ) was a Russian writer and the wife of poet Osip Mandelstam ." ]
[ "This `` first-stage '' pidgin has been called Lenguaje de Signos Nicaragüense ( LSN ) , and is still used by many of those who attended the school at this time .", "The first step , that is to say the pidgin is called Lenguaje de Signos Nicaragüense ( LSN ) today ." ]
[ "In 1980 , a vocational school for adolescent deaf children was opened in the area of Managua called Villa Libertad .", "In 1980 , a vocational school for deaf people was opened in another part of Managua ." ]
[ "It is of particular interest to the linguists who study it , because it offers a unique opportunity to study what they believe to be the birth of a new language .", "The language is of special interest to linguists , because it allows them to study how languages develop ." ]
[ "Staff at the school , unaware of the development of this new language , saw the children 's gesturing as mime , and as a failure to acquire Spanish .", "All they saw were some mimics , and the failure to learn Spanish ." ]
[ "Alternatively , the flavorings may be added to a finished Hollandaise ( sans lemon juice ) .", "Alternatively , the flavourings may be added to a finished Hollandaise ( sans lemon juice ) ." ]
[ "The difference is only in their flavoring : Béarnaise uses shallot , chervil , peppercorn , and tarragon , while Hollandaise uses lemon juice or white wine .", "The difference is only in their flavoring : Béarnaise uses shallot , chervil , peppercorn , and tarragon , while Hollandaise uses lemon juice ." ]
[ "In appearance , it is light yellow and opaque , smooth and creamy .", "In appearance it is light yellow and opaque , smooth and creamy ." ]
[ "Evidence for this is reinforced by the fact that the restaurant was named for Henry IV of France , a gourmet himself , who was born in the province of Béarn .", "Evidence for this is reinforced by the fact that the restaurant was named for Henry IV of France , a gourmet himself , who was born in the former province of Béarn ." ]
[ "Béarnaise sauce is often referred to as Bernaise sauce , as if it were from Bern , the capital city of Switzerland , which is in no way connected with this sauce or its origins .", "Béarnaise sauce is often wrongly called Bernaise sauce , as if it were from Bern , the capital city of Switzerland , which is in no way connected with this sauce or its origins ." ]
[ "The sauce was likely first created by the chef Collinet , the inventor of puffed potatoes ( pommes de terre soufflées ) , and served at the 1836 opening of Le Pavillon Henri IV , a restaurant at Saint-Germain-en-Laye , not far from Paris .", "Although a similar recipe was published in 1818 , Béarnaise sauce was likely first created by the chef Collinet , the inventor of puffed potatoes ( French : pommes de terre soufflées ) , and served at the 1836 opening of Le Pavillon Henri IV , a restaurant at Saint-Germain-en-Laye , not far from Paris ." ]
[ "It is considered to be a ` child ' of the mother Hollandaise sauce , one of the five sauces in the French haute cuisine mother sauce repertoire .", "It is considered to be a ` child ' of the mother Hollandaise sauce , one of the five mother sauces in French haute cuisine ." ]
[ "The sauce 's name refers to the Béarn region , a former province now in the département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques , in southwestern France .", "Some assume Béarnaise refers to the Béarn region , a former province now in the département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques , in southwestern Franceto refer to the region of Béarn However , the sauce has no tradition in the cooking of the area , and Larousse has the name honoring Henri IV of France , a native of Béarn , and for whom the restaurant where the sauce was first shown was named ." ]
[ "Its name is related to the province of Béarn , France .", "This is because the recipes themselves are linked to the Béarn region ." ]
[ "The trial judge reduced the final verdict to $ 640,000 , and the parties settled for a confidential amount before an appeal was decided .", "The trial judge reduced the total award to $ 640,000 , and the parties settled for a confidential amount before an appeal was decided ." ]
[ "Liebeck v. McDonald 's Restaurants , also known as the McDonald 's coffee case and the hot coffee lawsuit , was a 1994 product liability lawsuit that became a flashpoint in the debate in the United States over tort reform .", "Liebeck v. McDonald 's Restaurants , also known as the `` McDonald 's coffee case , '' is a 1994 product liability lawsuit that became a flashpoint in the debate in the U.S. over tort reform after a jury awarded $ 2.86 million to a woman who burned herself with hot coffee she purchased from fast food restaurant McDonald 's ." ]
[ "As its name implies , neuroethology is a multidisciplinary field composed of neurobiology ( the study of the nervous system ) and ethology ( the study of behavior in natural conditions ) .", "The word neuroethology combines ideas from two fields : neurobiology ( the study of the nervous system ) and ethology ( the study of behavior in nature ) ." ]
[ "Neuroethology ( from Greek νεῦρον neuron , `` nerve '' and ἦθος ethos , `` habit or custom '' ) is the evolutionary and comparative approach to the study of animal behavior and its underlying mechanistic control by the nervous system .", "Neuroethology is the study of animal behavior and its control by the nervous system ." ]
[ "Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation , classification and mapping ; physical , chemical , biological , and fertility properties of soils ; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils .", "It includes soil formation , classification and mapping ." ]
[ "They are signed to the London-based Moshi Moshi Records and released their debut album Drop It 'Til It Pops in October 2006 .", "They are signed to the London-based Moshi Moshi Records , a record company , and released their debut album Drop It 'Til It Pops in October 2006 ." ]
[ "Hot Club de Paris are an English band from Liverpool .", "Hot Club de Paris are a band which came from Liverpool , United Kingdom ." ]
[ "Manufacturing Engineering is a discipline of engineering dealing with different manufacturing practices and the research and development of systems , processes , machines , tools and equipment .", "Manufacturing engineering is a field of engineering dealing with the design , development , and implementation of integrated systems of humans , machines , and information resources to provide products and services ." ]
[ "The manufacturing engineering discipline has very strong overlaps with mechanical engineering , industrial engineering , electrical engineering , electronic engineering , computer science , materials management , and operations management .", "Manufacturing engineering applies knowledge and skills in the physical , social , engineering , and management sciences , as well as in human sciences , computer systems and information technologies , manufacturing processes , operations research , production , and automation ." ]
[ "The Division of Calare is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales .", "The Division of Calare is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales ." ]
[ "The name should be pronounced Kal-ah-ree , but the pronunciation Kul-air is established .", "( The name should be pronounced Kal-ah-ree , but the pronunciation Kul-air is used . )" ]
[ "Andren was not a candidate for the 2007 election : he intended to run for a Senate seat but was diagnosed with cancer in 2007 and died during the election campaign .", "Peter Andren was not a candidate for the 2007 election as he was going to stand for a Senate seat ." ]
[ "The division was first contested at the 1906 election ; created to replace the abolished Division of Canobolas , and is named for the local Aboriginal name for the Lachlan River , which runs through the western part of the division .", "It was set up for the 1906 election and is the local Indigenous Australian name for the Lachlan River , which runs through the western part of the division ." ]
[ "Most cat species share a genetic anomaly that prevents them from tasting sweetness .", "All felid species share a genetic anomaly that prevents them from tasting sweetness ." ]
[ "Cats originated in Asia and spread across continents by crossing land bridges .", "The felids evolved in Asia and spread across continents by crossing land bridges ." ]
[ "Felidae is the biological family of the cats ; a member of this family is called a felid .", "Animals that belong to Felidae are called felines ." ]
[ "Testing of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA revealed the ancient cats evolved into eight main lineages that diverged in the course of at least 10 migrations ( in both directions ) from continent to continent via the Bering land bridge and the Isthmus of Panama , with the Panthera genus being the oldest and the Felis genus being the youngest .", "There were at least 10 migrations ( in both directions ) from continent to continent via the Bering land bridge and Isthmus of Panama ." ]
[ "About 60 % of the modern cat species are estimated to have developed within the last million years .", "60 percent of the modern species of cats developed within the last million years ." ]
[ "The 41 known cat species in the world today all descended from the same ancestor .", "There are 41 living species , including the domestic cat , and they are monophyletic : all descended from the same ancestor ." ]
[ "Felids are the strictest carnivores of the 13 terrestrial families in the order Carnivora , although the three families of marine mammals comprising the superfamily Pinnipedia are as carnivorous as the felids .", "Felidae is a family of mammals , in the order Carnivora ." ]
[ "According to Maréchal ( 2010 ) , `` autoethnography is a form or method of research that involves self-observation and reflexive investigation in the context of ethnographic field work and writing '' ( p. 43 ) .", "Maréchal defines auto-ethnography as `` a form or method of research that involves self-observation and reflexive investigation in the context of ethnographic field work and writing '' ." ]
[ "He also made a demonstration concert at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague in early 1993 before dying in Moscow , Russia in 1993 at the age of 97 .", "He also made a demonstration concert at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague in early 1993 before dying in Moscow in 1993 at the age of 97 ." ]
[ "After working for the KGB , Theremin worked at the Moscow Conservatory of Music for 10 years where he taught , and built theremins , electronic cellos and some terpsitones ( another invention of Theremin ) .", "After working for the KGB , Theremin worked at the Moscow Conservatory of Music for 10 years where he taught and built Theremins , electronic cellos and some Terpsitones ." ]
[ "He is most famous for his invention of the theremin , one of the first electronic musical instruments , and the first to be mass produced .", "He is most famous for his invention of the theremin , one of the first electronic musical instruments ." ]
[ "At the time , the reasons for his return were unclear ; some claimed that he was simply homesick , while others believed that he had been kidnapped by Soviet officials .", "Some claimed that he was simply homesick , while others believed that he had been kidnapped by Soviet officials ." ]
[ "After 51 years in the Soviet Union Theremin started traveling , first visiting France in June 1989 and then the United States in 1991 , each time accompanied by his daughter Natalia .", "After 51 years in the Soviet Union Léon Theremin started traveling , first visiting France in June 1989 and then the United States in 1991 , each time accompanied by his daughter Natalia , where he was reunited with Clara Rockmore who performed a number of concerts at this time ." ]
[ "By 1947 Theremin had remarried , to Maria Guschina , his third wife , and they had two children : Lena and Natalia .", "By 1947 Theremin had remarried , to Maria , and they had two children : Lena and Natalia ." ]
[ "Their marriage caused shock and disapproval in his social circles , but the ostracized couple remained together .", "His marriage to the African-American dancer caused shock and disapproval in his social circles , but the couple remained together ." ]
[ "After his `` release '' from the sharashka in 1947 , Theremin volunteered to remain working with the KGB until 1966 .", "After his release from the labor camp in 1947 , Theremin volunteered to remain working with the KGB until 1966 ." ]
[ "Lavrentiy Beria , the head of the secret police organization NKVD ( the predecessor of the KGB ) , used the Buran device to spy on the British , French and US embassies in Moscow .", "Lavrentiy Beria , head of the KGB then used Buran to spy on US , British and French embassies ." ]
[ "The Soviet consulate had apparently demanded he divorce Katia .", "After the Soviet consulate had apparently demanded he divorce Katia , the inventor fell in love with and married the young prima ballerina Lavinia Williams ." ]
[ "Lev Sergeyevich Termen ( Russian : Ле́в Серге́евич Терме́н ) ( 27 August ( O.S. 15 August ) 1896 - 3 November 1993 ) , or Léon Theremin in The United States , was a Russian and Soviet inventor .", "Léon Theremin ( born Lev Sergeyevich Termen , Russian : Лев Сергеевич Термен ) ( August 15 , 1896 - November 3 , 1993 ) was a Russian inventor ." ]
[ "Disguised in a replica of the Great Seal of the United States carved in wood , in 1945 Soviet school children presented the concealed bug to U.S. Ambassador as a `` gesture of friendship '' to the USSR 's World War II ally .", "On August 4 , 1945 , Soviet school children presented the bugged carving to U.S. Ambassador Averell Harriman , as a `` gesture of friendship '' to the USSR 's World War II ally ." ]
[ "Theremin invented another listening device called The Thing .", "In 1945 Theremin invented the first covert listening device ( or `` bug '' ) for spying ." ]
[ "An emission nebula is a cloud of ionized gas emitting light of various colors .", "An emission nebula is a cloud of plasma emitting light in many colors ." ]
[ "Emission nebulae often have dark areas in them which result from clouds of dust which block the light .", "Emission nebulae sometimes look like they have dark areas in them ." ]
[ "Among the several different types of emission nebulae are H II regions , in which star formation is taking place and young , massive stars are the source of the ionizing photons ; and planetary nebulae , in which a dying star has thrown off its outer layers , with the exposed hot core then ionizing them .", "Planetary nebulae are made when where a dying star has thrown off its outer layers ." ]
[ "The flag of the Dominican Republic , as described by Article 31 of the Dominican Constitution , features a centered white cross that extends to the edges and divides the flag into four rectangles-the top ones are blue ( hoist side ) and red , and the bottom ones are red ( hoist side ) and blue .", "The Dominican Constitution says that the flag of the Dominican Republic has a white cross in the center ; the arms of the cross get to the sides of the flag and divides the flag into four rectangles - the left rectangles are blue ( top ) and red ( bottom ) , and the right ones are red ( top ) and blue ( bottom ) ." ]
[ "The Silence in Black and White is the debut studio album by American rock band Hawthorne Heights .", "The Silence in Black and White is the first album released by Hawthorne Heights ." ]
[ "It was released on June 1 , 2004 through Victory Records .", "it was released on June 1 , 2004 ." ]
[ "It also includes the music video for `` Niki FM '' .", "The album takes its title from a line in the song Niki Fm ." ]
[ "A country 's Pacific coast is the part of its coast bordering the Pacific Ocean .", "A Pacific Coast is when a country is next to the Pacific Ocean ." ]
[ "It was dedicated in 1077 .", "His cathedral was dedicated in 1077 ." ]
[ "Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury , Kent , is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England and forms part of a World Heritage Site .", "Canterbury Cathedral is one of the oldest and most famous churches in England ." ]
[ "There are seven choral services a week with generally Choral Evensong at 5.30 pm on Monday-Friday with the boys alone on Thursday and Men on Wednesday .", "On weekdays there are three services ." ]
[ "It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury , leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion .", "The archbishop is the leader of the Church of England ." ]
[ "The cathedral is the Regimental Church of the Princess of Wales 's Royal Regiment .", "The cathedral is a working church ." ]
[ "Douglas da Silva ( born 7 March 1984 in Florianópolis ) is a Brazilian professional association football player who is currently playing for Vasco da Gama on loan from Red Bull Salzburg in Austria .", "Douglas da Silva ( born 7 March 1984 in Florianópolis , Brazil ) is a Brazilian football player who is playing for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg in Austria as defender ." ]
[ "Da Silva moved to Israel in 2005 to join Hapoel Kfar Saba .", "2005 he went from Brazil to Israel , where he started playing for Hapoel Kfar Saba and soon became one of the best defenders in the league ." ]
[ "Savant syndrome is a condition in which a person with a mental disability , such as an autism spectrum disorder , demonstrates profound and prodigious capacities or abilities far in excess of what would be considered normal .", "The savant syndrome is a rare condition in which people with neurodevelopmental disorders , notably autism spectrum disorders , and\\/or brain injuries , demonstrate profound and prodigious capacities and\\/or abilities far in excess of what would be considered normal ." ]