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CMV: LEDs, HIDs, and Halogens should be illegal for car headlights. | Basically what I mean is that any blue/white light headlights should be illegal.
Personally in my experience, most blue/white light headlights are so bright that they prevent me from seeing anything while they're shining in my eyes from on coming traffic.
I really don't feel that any extra brightness on their end is worth blinding other drivers, even temporarily. Especially in urban settings where there is a lot of light already at all times.
However, I'm autistic and have light sensitivity so I wonder sometimes if this is just a 'me problem.'
Thanks !
Edit: thanks for everyone's insightful responses so far! And thanks to everyone who helped me understand my error re:LEDs; you all were kind and not condescending and I appreciate that! For anyone new to thread: most modern cars have one of types of headlights that I listed in the title; namely LEDs. And a lot of modern LEDs have a nice yellow filter on them (which is why I was confused 😅)
Overall it sounds like a lot of people agree that these kinds of lights can be dangerous. I see a lot of comments about after market modifications and while I agree that's probably a factor in a lot of the most aggregiously blinding cars I pass, my town has too many for these all to be after market (in my opinion)
I loved one suggestion of tinted windshields, though I did read a bit about having all of one colour filtered out can reduce visibility dangerously. I wonder if it would be possible for LEDs to have a brighter, whiter option, much like high beams, for rural driving and the like.
Anyways thanks again all! Kind of overwhelmed at the response so sorry if I missed your comment. | 1,319 | LEDs are a different category from the other two and should definitely not be banned. LEDs can produce any color warmth desired, and are extremely stable and energy efficient. That provides huge advantages in terms of electric cars (for range) as well as preventing people driving around with burnt out headlights (good for safety).
What you want is a regulation on the permissible colors produced by LED headlights, but not a ban on them. | 801 |
If a person gets a skin graft or limb transplant from a person of another race, does the skin remain the same color as the donor or will it eventually take on the color of the recipient? | 1,745 | Nope. Eventually, the pt will kick off the grafted tissue and replace it with their own. If they're lucky it's that simple, if they aren't and the graft struggles/ fails (due to depth, infection, shearing, etc) the graft has to be re-done several times.
It's interesting to open grafted patient's wounds for cleaning or assessment, and see the characteristic multicolor patchwork of various colors of allografted skin.
Source: burn tech 6 yrs | 890 |
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Are there more planets or more stars? | Is there a way to find out? Is it even close? | 24 | Based on what the Kepler space telescope has found, there are almost certainly more planets out there than stars.
Before Kepler it was hypothesized that few enough star systems had planets that there might be more stars than planets, but it turns out there are a lot more planets out there than expected. A few planets have even been found around Neutron stars which to this day has astronomers scratching their heads. | 28 |
[Astronomy] Science in fantasy, Game of Thrones to be precise | So some of you may or may not have read the fantastic series *A Song of Ice and Fire* by George R. R. Martin. If you enjoy fantasy I definitely recommend it.
One of the important characteristics of this fantasy world is that seasons last years (e.g a character asks another character who is a grown man "How many winters have you seen?" and the response is 4) and they're not always the same length. At the point in time which the books cover, the world is experiencing one of the longest summers it has ever known ( 9 years if I remember correctly ) and the "wise men" constantly say "a long summer means a long winter".
Now, I recently learned that seasons are not based on the distance of the earth from the sun but the way the earth tilts. Our tilt seems to be in sync with our revolution around the sun.
So my question is, are there planets whose axial tilt is not in sync with their rotation? Is Earth the exception in this case?
Second, are there planets that have irregular "periods" of tilt? Is it actually possible to have seasons of vastly different lengths? | 58 | I assumed that the presence of "winter" had nothing to do with normal seasons or the planet tilt, but was more like ice ages. I'd figured the climate of the planet was natural unstable, and frequently oscillated between two extremes called "summer" and "winter".
I guess we'll have to keep reading and see what happens when winter comes (I haven't finished the most recent book yet). | 29 |
ELI5: Ebola seems to be getting deadlier and more terrifying. Should I, a US citizen, be worried? Is it likely they are going to stop this? | It's pretty freaking terrifying. I am a germophobe. Make me feel better (or worse.) | 17 | The mortality rate of the newer species is lower then the original species, its dropped from 90% to 34%. Its also worth noting that this rate would also be much lower in the west, western medical facilities have much more resources to provide care to hemorrhagic fever patients.
In terms of how much you should worry about it no more so then HIV, it requires fluid transmission or contact with infected animals. | 12 |
[Marvel] Can Galactus Drag Planets as Inter-Solar Snack Packs? | Had an idea for a cosplay involving a purple hat and a bag of planet-decorated cookies. Occurred to me that Galactus often starves himself between meals, thought gravity-carried snack packs could help. | 59 | Galactus's primary ship, Taa II is capable of dragging planets and even stars with its massive gravitational pull. But once a planet leaves its star system, it starts to lose energy quickly, which makes it 'stale'. No one wants to eat a stale snack. | 43 |
[DC] Are there any other cosmic sources of power similar to the Speedforce? | From what I understand, the Speedforce is some massive source of energy that grants speedsters their powers, but it seems kind of weird to have this singular force of reality *solely* about moving fast. | 16 | Yep
There's the Still Force that's the well of all inertia, the Strength Force that's the well of gravity, the Sage Force that's the well of intelligence (*that's not even a physics thing*)... they went a bit overboard with the whole thing, really | 21 |
[the Culture] Why did The Affront alter their females to make sex painful for them? | 25 | The Affront genetically engineered most of the life on their planet to feel more pain/fear. The Affront just really enjoy seeing others suffer. They are also a male dominated society so they did the same to the females. | 21 |
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ELI5: What is the difference between whisky, bourbon and scotch? | I'm becoming more of a sophisticated drinker and i want to understand more about liquor store. So what is the difference between whisky, scotch and bourbon?! Appreciate the help.
Edit: really appreciate all those giving the responses, grateful for the help. | 163 | Scotch is whisky made in scotland. Bourbon is american whiskey made from 51% or more corn mash. Regardless of what it's made from, it comes out clear and then goes into a wood barrel or some type for aging. The combination of what its made from and the wood its aged in gives it flavor, body, etc.
You should also look into rye whiskey, irish whiskey, Japanese whisky and wheat whiskey. There's also 4 (or 5 if you're a purist) different types of scotch, the differences between which Wikipedia can explain better than i. | 85 |
Does metabolizing your own body fat raise your cholesterol since your body fat is saturated fat? | It was my understanding that consuming saturated fat raises your bad cholesterol. So when an individual metabolizes their own fat when faced with a caloric deficit does it still have this effect? | 37 | When you are metabolizing fat instead of glucose in times of fasting, you are breaking down fats in the form of fatty acids (eg triacylglycerols). These fatty acids undergo a process called beta-oxidation, in which fatty acid chains lose 2 carbons at a time to create acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA. These molecules can then feed back into the citric acid cycle or into ketogenesis to create energy for the body.
Acetyl-CoA can also be used as a precursor for cholesterol synthesis, but in the fasting state this should be down-regulated by an AMP-regulated protein kinase.
TL;DR: You don't create cholesterol during fat metabolism. | 22 |
ELI5: Why is there a "seam" on scrotums? | I've always wondered but never cared enough to ask. But now I'm bored so ya know... Reddit. | 505 | Early in development of the fetus all humans are basically arranged as females. The seam of the scrotum is where what otherwise would have become a vagina binds together. The penis is basically formed from what would otherwise be the clitoris. | 463 |
What is happening in our brain when we are TRYING to recall something? | My wife told me she watched a stand-up comedian recently but couldn't remember their name. She said it was "something German-sounding". I knew exactly which comedian she was referring to (I could picture them and their routines) but couldn't recall their exact name. I ran through a series of "German-sounding" names in my head, eventually landing on the correct name - but what was happening before I got there? | 15 | What you are trying to do is a type of memory retrieval that refers to relearning the information that has already been learned in the past but is not remembered. People may not be able to recall but they know that they have learned this before. Relearning shows improvement in retrieval of the information as it strengthens neuronal connections.
There are 6 predominantly involved in recall and recognition work in our brain...
1. The Prefrontal cortex is related to the retrieval attempt.
2. The Hippocampal and Para-Hippocampal areas of MTL are related to conscious recollection.
3. The Anterior cingulate cortex is related to response selection.
4. The Posterior midline area including the posterior cingulate is related to imagery.
5. The inferior parietal cortex is related to spatial awareness.
6. The Cerebellum, especially on the left which is related to self-initiated retrieval
The phenomenon of your situation refers to the failure to recall a word from memory which is combined with the feeling that retrieval is imminent. There may be a partial recall in this case. There is a perception of a wide gap between the knowledge of a specific word or subject and being able to retrieve the names involving said subject or the word. People sometimes recall other features of the target word such as its first letter or the words that have a similar meaning.
Two theories have been given by scientists to explain this phenomenon. The first is the direct-access perspective, according to which the memory is not strong enough to recall but it is strong enough to trigger partial recall. The second is the inferential perspective which states that the state of partial recall occurs when the subject can infer knowledge of the target word but is not able to join the pieces of information together usually because those pieces do not exist in the memory. Also called the tip-of the tongue phenomenon.
Hope that helps... | 15 |
I really want to study philosophy. Does this mean I should go to grad school? | I hear many say that the only true or real (or best) way to do it is in academia. But many people also advise strongly against going to grad school for philosophy. So it sounds like a double-bind if the best way to study philosophy is something you shouldn't do.
Then if a person wants to seriously study philosophy, what other option is there? How sound is it to attempt to be self-taught in philosophy? | 33 | Certainly you will study philosophy if you go to graduate school, but unless you are wealthy or have an alternate career path mapped out, graduate school is for learning how to be an academic. That is, graduate school is for leaning how to *do* philosophy and *be* an (academic) philosopher. | 38 |
[Star Wars] What would happen if Palpatine had been killed by the broadside from the Venator on the Invisible Hand in Revenge of the Sith? | Everything before that point is the same, but the broadside that hit the Invisible Hand kills Palpatine. What happens? | 25 | Considering the proximity, odds are good that Anakin Skywalker and Obi-Wan Kenobi are also vaporized. Depending on the timing, General Grievous might also bite it, so that’s four major players down in one shot. I’d hate to be that clone gunner...
Anyway, unless there’s some contingency for his premature death (not likely, given his profound arrogance), the plans and machinations of Darth Sidious die with him. A successor is nominated by the Senate while the Jedi take control of the armies in the interim, and the war eventually ends with a vastly higher chance of a diplomatic close. | 40 |
What is Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoyevsky about? And is it worth a read? | I've seen it pop up many times in the related items of philosophy books I get and, when I searched for it on google I got answers I didn't fully understand.
Edit: I would like to know the philosophy of it not the storyline. | 17 | It is definitely worth a read. Dostoevsky has a strong influence on the work of authors like Camus, he can be noted as a precursor to existentialism.
The themes of Crime and Punishment vary and are somewhat complex. One of the most important to me is the whole reflexion on if reason is beyond morality, if a man with exceptional capabilities is able to act freely to any measure, including taking another person's life. | 14 |
What happens to a person dying of thirst if they drink seawater? | If a person is dying of thirst on a raft adrift in the sea, they'll likely be tempted to drink seawater even though they know it won't help.
What will happen to the person once they consume some seawater?
I know they will eventually die, but I'm curious as to how. Specifically, what happens biologically and psychologically?
Biologically: What happens to the body.
Psychologically: Do they still feel thirsty? Do they feel any pain? | 126 | Our bodies maintain a very narrow range in concentration of sodium and chloride inside (intracellular space) and outside (interstitial space) cells. The only way to maintain this is through the diffusion of water down the concentration gradient. So as soon as the salty water hits the blood stream, your body will move water from the interstitial space into the blood, then water will move from the intracellular space into the interstitial space in order to equilibrate the concentration. This can have deleterious effects on your kidneys as it now needs to remove the excess salt by producing urine, which requires water. So it will further dehydrate you. Your body will also try to compensate from losing all these fluids by constricting your blood vessels to maintain blood pressure which is further damaging your body. Eventually you can go into organ failure, coma, and death. | 187 |
CMV: Necromancy within D&D isn’t evil | So lots of people have on necromancy, and say that it is an inherently evil act, even to the point where in earlier editions using Animate Dead would literally corrupt your soul. But here I’m talking about 5e, so we aren’t selling our soul for power anymore here. Honestly, I think the hate on necromancy is a bit undeserved, and may just be related to our fear of death. So here’s my rundown of why I think that necromancy isn’t evil, but is more like a chaotic neutral.
1. The main argument against necromancy is that the gods say it’s evil. But that’s not all true; only a few say it’s evil. Heck, not even all the “good” gods say it’s evil and are more just like “yeah, it exists”. And then there’s the Platonic argument that since all the gods are equally powerful, they naturally should all have equal say in morality. Since they disagree over what is right or wrong, they clearly shouldn’t be our waypoint of accuracy for our morals.
2. Second most common argument is that it enslaves the soul when you make a zombie or skeleton. This is very, very inaccurate, as some ghosts use their body as a weapon with Animate Dead. Only soul-based magic can do that to a person, and THAT is evil magic.
3. Necromancy isn’t the only class of magic to have evil spells, and is arguably one of the less nefarious spell types. Conjuration, when used to conjure a demon, requires human sacrifice. Blood magic requires literally using the blood of your enemies. Illusion and enchantment are used to make people go crazy (or worse). Compared to these rather terrifying displays, necromancy’s Soul Bind is a bit less nefarious. Liches kind of suck, but thats a more advanced version of soul binding, using your own soul.
4. If people weren’t scared of it, villains wouldn’t gravitate towards it like children to the candy aisle at Walmart. It isn’t the strongest form of magic, and it certainly it isn’t the most terrifying in its potential (see point 3). They just use it because people are scared of zombies. If it were more accepted, it might be used somewhat, but it would probably be used just for some grunts or cannon fodder in front of the actual threats from the conjuration/evocation spells.
In my honest opinion, I think Enchantment is an evil school. It has a couple friendly spells, but mostly it’s used to hypnotize the enemy into attacking their own friends. That seems a lot more evil than desecrating a body that isn’t useful to anyone anymore.
So, anyone disagree? Anyone have new ideas that counter my arguments? If so, feel free to try and change my view.
Edit: thanks to the guy who reminded me of this. Healing spells are necromancy. They’re definitely not evil. | 36 | If memory of DND is correct there is explicitly positive and negative energy. Which suggests there is some abstract arbiter if good and evil, or at least that these are actual things present in the DnD world and not simply labels humans apply to moral and immoral behavior.
I you can then make the argument that regardless of if the result is moral or immoral, a spell using negative energy is evil, because it is powered by this abstract evil energy.
Edit: DND also plays into standard tropes, like vampires are evil, then leaves it up to the DM and the players to add in variations. So calling necromancy evil because most necromancers are evil, but allowing a DM to make an exception for a god necromancer is in like with that standard practice. | 10 |
ELI5: Why is dialogue in movies whisper quiet, then gunshots and explosions happen and damn near blow your speakers? | 3,425 | When using your tv's built-in stereo speakers, go to your set-top box's settings and play around with the dynamic range setting.
It's because you aren't using a surround sound system. Movies are made for a surround sound system, dialogue is on a dedicated center channel, and all non-dialogue audio goes on the other channels, when listening to your tv's built-in stereo speakers, the dialogue channel is mixed with the other sounds.
Edit- for using VLC and stereo speakers, use dynamic range compression, set a low value for threshold (at what volume to activate compression), and play around with some of the other settings as well, such as gain.
Edit again- for surround sound systems, increase the volume of the center channel and play around with the dynamic range. | 2,394 |
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How can the "Big Crunch" idea work, if all objects are moving away from one another, and gravity weakens as distance apart becomes greater? | 16 | Gravity never stops acting between two bodies. It gets weaker as you travel away but there is always some force.
The idea behind the Big Crunch model is that eventually the expansion of the universe will halt, thus bodies will no longer be moving away from each other. As gravity will still remain, bodies will move towards one another and over time this will result in all the mass forming a single body.
However, as far as we know, the expansion of the universe is actually accelerating, not slowing down or stopping; hence the Big Crunch model seems less likely at this point. | 19 |
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ELI5: Why does our body start to shake after holding a strenuous position for like an extended period of time? | e.g. planking or wall-sits and starting to shake before failure. | 32 | In short, holding a position or working out requires muscular stimulation which involves neural signals from the brain. These signals come in the form of neurotransmitters, which can get depleted after strenuous exercise. Low levels of these neurotransmitters mean muscle contractions are not as fluid and prolonged, so we feel our muscles "shake" as some muscle fibers fire and others do not. It's similar to a lawnmower engine: as the available gasoline supply declines, the engine sputters and dies. | 19 |
The Joker, Rick Sanchez, Thomas Shelby | I don't want to break the leading question rule, sorry if I am breaking but what is with those characters that they are so let's say attractive to many people? You have probably seen a moral lesson on Facebook with something like "be more quiet, be more intelligent" with the picture of Thomas Shelby, or a "who are you in Rick and morty" test and it seems everyone is Rick Sanchez, while (let's be honest) almost no one in this earth is any close to Rick Sanchez. For some reason the whole personality of those characters are attractive (cheers to whom created them, quite the job).
Now, we could include Charlie Harper from two and a half men and Elon Musk, but those aren't any different from the average celebrity. They are rich and show a "perfect" life that money may conceive. Characters like the Joker, Rick and Thomas Shelby on the other hand are very very different from celebrities, their reality is completely messed up and disgraceful so that's why I wonder what makes both a celebrity and a f*cked up character become admirable | 45 | Two things come immediately to mind. Competence - people are attracted to people who know what they're doing. And secondly, they're attracted to characters who don't care what anyone else thinks about them - many people wish they could be like that. | 38 |
[LoTR] So if the sun and moon are inferior replacements for the two trees of Valinor what did the world look like before their felling? | 19 | Where'd you read that the Sun and Moon were inferior replacements?
In many ways, they're better. The Two Trees' light was pretty much entirely limited to Valinor, leaving Middle-earth in a permanent state of near darkness (starlight provided some light) where evil was allowed to grow with hardly any impediments. | 17 |
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How do our bodies build a tolerance to alcohol? | 4,099 | So our liver is responsible for the processing of alcohol. Each cell in your liver has an organelle called the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER, which are in all of our cells but is very prominent in liver cells). One job of this organelle is to breakdown and detox substances like drugs and alcohol. When someone goes on a drinking binge, their liver cells recognize that they have to process more alcohol than usual. These cells are able to dramatically increase the surface area of their SER, even within a few days, which in turn allows for the detoxification of a larger volume of alcohol.
If you were to look at the liver cells of an alcoholic, they would have much larger SERs than a non-alcoholic.
Edit: organ -> organelle | 2,893 |
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ELI5: how/why does radiation stay in a given area for so long? | Like areas where there was once a meltdown, still dangerous today. | 18 | It isn't the radiation that stays, it is the material that produces the radiation that hangs around
Radiation is a byproduct of the transformation a radioactive material goes through when it decays. It might (for example) start out as plutonium, decay into uranium and spit out a byproduct like an alpha particle, which is the 'radiation'
A material like Plutonium has a half life of about 25,000 years, which means that in 25000 years time, half the plutonium has gone through this transformation. The other half still remains, waiting for its turn to go through the transformation.
Fast forward another 25000 years, and half of THAT has gone, leaving you with 1/4 of the original amount, etc
On a human scale, that is a long time for an area to be contaminated | 15 |
ELI5:How do electronics keep track of the time if they are turned off for a period of time and never connect to the internet? | For example if I have an iPad that I turn off for a couple days, and when I turn it back on while it has no internet access, how does it know what the time and date is? | 52 | Your iPad uses a small amount of its battery to keep the internal clock running, which is the only thing it's doing while it's shut down.
Laptops also do this, though sometimes it's through a small watch battery instead of the main battery. | 41 |
CMV: Presidents and members of their administration should not be invited to the WHCA dinner | Presidents dating back to Calvin Coolidge have traditionally been invited to the annual WHCA dinner, a charity event with awards for journalistic excellence and typically featuring a comedy roast of politicians and members of the press as well as a skit or stand-up performance by the President. The event serves as a moment to celebrate the work of the press corps and also as a fundraiser for journalism scholarships.
I believe that the current level of friction and distrust between the press and Trump highlights a problem with the WHCA: they have generally enjoyed congenial relationships with past presidential administrations, and their comparatively rough treatment by the Trump administration strikes them as unnecessarily hostile.
My attitude is that I don't *want* the press corps to expect a collegial relationship with the administration. I want the press to investigate the president and administration constantly, ask them tough questions, and essentially police them. The relationship between the WHCA and the administration should be at least somewhat adversarial. It can be polite, or openly hostile, or anything in between, but the two sides should not be buddies. Therefore, an annual event which encourages them to behave like buddies is a bad idea, and ought to be changed.
I think the WHCA should formally un-invite Trump and his administration from this year's dinner, and should not invite them (or any future presidents or administration officials) to future dinners. They should continue to hold the dinner, invite comedians, roast each other and the politicians they cover, raise money, and have fun. But I want them to build that fun, collegial relationship with *each other* and not with the administration.
To clarify, I am not saying that making this change (on its own) would fix anything between the president and the press. I think it's just a small thing that would help to ensure that the press maintains healthy expectations about its relationship with the administration.
> *This is a footnote from the CMV moderators. We'd like to remind you of a couple of things. Firstly, please* ***[read through our rules](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/rules)***. *If you see a comment that has broken one, it is more effective to report it than downvote it. Speaking of which,* ***[downvotes don't change views](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/guidelines#wiki_upvoting.2Fdownvoting)****! Any questions or concerns? Feel free to* ***[message us](http://www.reddit.com/message/compose?to=/r/changemyview)***. *Happy CMVing!* | 30 | One of the great positive aspects of the WHCA dinner, traditionally, is that it has been a reminder that the press and the government, while not on the "same team", kind of are.
Its a chance for the people involved to sit down, have some laughs, and remind themselves and each other that any adverse relationship is strictly business.
When you cut the White House out of the event, it goes from being a fun, well-intentioned roast to being a bash session.
There is no way that you can have a positive working relationship between two groups when one of them holds a publicly televised event for the express purpose of shitting on the other one.
| 33 |
Terms in electrolysis which confuses me. | **What is it meant by a negative and positive electrode, and negative and positive terminal of electrolysis?
**
In a simple electrolysis setup, there is an anode and cathode. The anode which is positively charged is where electrons are flowing away from and the cathode, which is negatively charged is where electrons are flowing to. Hence, is the anode the positively charged electrode, negative electrode? | 80 | The anode is ALWAYS the electrode where the oxidation reaction occurs. Similarly, the cathode is the electrode where reduction reaction occurs. Just remember
*AnOx, RedCat*
The anode and cathode switch depending on whether the cell is galvanic or electrolytic. | 22 |
eli5 Gills can absorb oxygen from an aqueous environment. Why can’t gills absorb oxygen from a non-aqueous environment? | Additionally, in the instances like salamanders that absorb oxygen through their skin is this the same function? | 241 | They can, but they collapse and stick together when out of the water and as a result there's far far far less surface area for oxygen exchange exposed to the air than exposed to the water. If you could somehow keep gills fully open and exposed in air, they would likely work. Gills work in water because there is a huge amount of surface area presented to the water. Lungs don't need to present nearly as much surface area for the same amount of oxygen absorption because there's nearly 20 times the amount of oxygen in air as their is in water. Lungs avoid collapse by having lots and lots of tiny pockets that stay open in air, so there's plenty of surface area for gas exchange. | 245 |
ELI5 how we can determine that tiny particles like quarks and neutrinos exist, but cannot determine what is ultimately the source of matter. | 33 | Because, in general, it's easier to know something exists than to know how it exists.
We can determine they exist 1. Because we can break things apart into them and 2. Because we can see how they interact with things.
But, of course, we can't actually see them, because they are so small, and we can't break them into smaller parts, at least not that we know of.
So while we know they are there, we don't know what they are.
I assume that was what your question was, but the wording is weird. | 22 |
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[Superman] Ma and Pa Kent notice that little Clark's teeth are coming in crooked. Can human braces fix this? | 35 | With the level of genetic engineering that went into in most continuities kryptonians they probably fixed the chances of this happening eons ago.
Lex Luthor might be able to invent some super braces though. Upper limit of earth tech level there is way above ours. Or they can put normal bracer on and keep him in a red sun room. | 43 |
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[The Boys] Even if Homelander was exposed, what's to stop him from destroying the world? | The Boys talk about exposing the Seven, and most of them could probably be arrested eventually, but what about Homelander? If publicly exposed, couldn't he just flip out and start killing people? Does the government have a contingency plan for Homelander? Does Vought? | 48 | In the original comic books, there *is* a contingency plan in case Homelander ever went rogue. >!Black Noir was a clone created of Homelander but ordered to hide the fact they had the same powers. If Homelander ever went rogue, Black Noir was ordered to kill him.!<
Unfortunately, the *contingency plan* went horribly wrong. >!The crimes supposedly committed by Homelander were actually an undisguised Black Noir going on a rampage to frame him. Black Noir went insane because he knew his only purpose was to kill one particular person and he'd be useless after that, but still wanted to complete his purpose. So he committed crimes, framed Homelander and tricked him into thinking he had done them, driving Homelander insane and thus getting Vought to authorise his death.!<
>!Also, whomever won the fight was going to be nuked to death. They couldn't survive that after such a thorough beating.!< | 45 |
ELI5: Why don't I like the idea of my partner sleeping with other people than me - Is it cultural or natural? | I am aware that some like the idea of sharing their partner with other people, however, most couples, married or not, seems to solely rely on each other when it comes to having sex. But why is that? Is it our nature and instincts that tells us to stick with one person at a time, or is that just our culture, maybe originally derived from religion? | 40 | It's a bit of both. Western culture puts extreme emphasis on sexual fidelity not found in other cultures, but a certain amount of jealousy is natural as well.
Humans did not evolve in nuclear families. The Stone Age was not like "The Flintstones". The general culture schema in which humans evolved was in bands of 20-100 nomadic hunter-gatherers. Different such tribes are different but the general trend seems to be a moderate amount of pairing together within an overall environment of sharing everything including sex.
There was no issue (as others have and will try to tell you) of "bringing home food to children not your own" because all members of the band share in the food anyway. No matter what you bring home it will be shared by everyone, so you will always be feeding children not your own (but still probably closely related to you because they're on the same band as you, so evolution smiles on this).
Because children were generally supported communally by the band, the issue of raising children not your own is a null one. All the children are yours and you supported them all. In fact evidence of strong sperm competition in our biology and hidden periods of female fertility indicates that at least some females were having sex with the entire band, giving every male reason to support her children. And of course males were sleeping around too.
Anyway the upshot seems to be that there was a lot of monogamy in our past, and a lot of nonmonogamy too. A moderate amount of jealousy is biological, but the trope of undefeatable extreme romantic jealousy is cultural. Social monogamy is nature, but strict sexual monogamy is nurture.
| 53 |
CMV: There isn't a compelling reason to bid on an eBay Auction before the closing hours/minutes. | So, I am not a particularly active user of eBay, but I don't see the reason to bid on a traditional ebay auction well before the closing time.
For example, if there is something I want to buy on eBay, rather than place a bid, I usually make a note of the closing time of the auction, and check back much closer to then to see if I am still interested in bidding. As I see it, there is no advantage to me placing my bid early. An early bid gives any other buyers more time to evaluate my bid and possibly outbid me.
My plan for auctions is usually to figure out the maximum amount I am willing to bid for an auction, and then submit that offer as close to the closing time of that auction as possible. I don't rebid. I might bid a few hours early if I know I will unavailable at the exact close of the auction, but I never bid several days in advance.
Is there something I'm missing? I often see a large number of bidders on items throughout the week, and I'm not really sure of the point.
NOTE: I understand there are other types of auctions (Buy it Now, Dutch Auction, etc) where this strategy might not apply. I'm talking specifically about traditional auctions.
For reference, here is a link that explains how the standard eBay auction works. It is not the same as you might be familiar with in an auction house.
http://www.ebay.com/gds/How-Bidding-Works-on-eBay-and-How-to-WIN-/10000000175182135/g.html
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1) You don't have the discipline to remember to check right before the end of the auction. So you put in your maximum bid early on, knowing that even if you forget, you've still got *some* chance of winning. Whereas if you don't put a bid in, you have zero chance.
2) Many people, when searching for the best deals, will specifically go hunting for auctions that are closing and have no bids placed on them, knowing that few people are watching it, and therefore they have a good chance of scoring a low price. By entering your bid, you take that item out of the pool of "bidless items", thus deflecting attention onto easier targets. | 22 |
[Terminator] How did the humans figure out that their enemy was Skynet, not other humans, and how long did it take? | Were there subtle signs that indicated something was interfering with combat operations that couldn't have been done by humans? Did leaders eventually talk to each other and figure out no one knows why they are fighting and everyone thinks they are purely doing self defense? Did the machines openly start attacking humans and if so, at what point did the machines decide to do so? | 45 | According to the video game Resistance it took about a year to figure things out another year or two to connect the dots to judgment day and skynet. Bout six months after judgment day rumors of killer robots were out in the survivor enclaves. By a year nearly everyone had seen an HK or terminator unit in the distance or narrowly escaped one. A year or so after that the resistance started forming to protect people and the discovery of how widespread and prepared skynet and it's machines were led to the conclusion it had started the war. Really only after John Conner had proven himself that people really believed him that skynet started the war and wasn't just some left over rogue weapons system. | 47 |
ELI5: how come announcers and speakers sound so differently when recorded in the 1950, 60s ads/recordings? Is this because they were recorded differently and it just sounds like that or was it because they talked like that? | Edit: Example I am talking about: https://youtu.be/yYAw79386WI (pre WW2)
Edit 2: what I was referring to was probably more the 30s, 40s than the 60s. I appologize. | 6,714 | The mics and recording quality was different and you had to speak louder to get a decent amplitude to record. Furthermore every time era has there different slang and rythm to speak. And at the end the quality often gets worse during the time it is stored or reused in clips from clips and not the original source. Combine that. | 4,565 |
ELI5: How does lead exposure lead to mental health problems in children and why is it hard to remove from the bloodstream? | I was reading an article about lead poisoning in children and it has me wondering how lead exposure damages your brain. From a quick search it seems like it can cause obsessive compulsive tendencies, and sensory problems. Do we have an answer as to why this happens? | 27 | Lead can substitute itself for many of the other metal ions that are useful in the body, without actually being useful itself. This includes iron in blood cells, and calcium which helps it to pass into the brain. It also binds with many enzymes, which are responsible for many of the bodies functions, and makes them less useful or completely stops them from working.
It also directly interacts with cells and proteins, producing "free radicals" which damage DNA in a similar way to radiation or ultraviolet light.
In the brain and nervous system, through a mixture of the above mechanisms, it both damages the formation of neurons, inhibits or slows down the work of neurons, and interferes with neurotransmitters. All of this has a general effect of damaging and inhibiting the brains function.
It stays in the blood and soft tissues for a relatively brief amount of time, days to weeks, but it binds very strongly with bone (and can sometimes be visible on xrays as a result of this), where it is harmless, but is then very slowly released back into the blood over years to decades, causing ongoing problems.
Children are more sensitive to the effects of lead because their brains are still developing, so inhibiting neurons formation has a much bigger overall effect, compared to a fully developed brain where the majority of neuron formation is complete. It also circulates in the blood more easily, with less lead being bound to bone, so exposure to smaller amounts can have a more potent effects. | 39 |
Is hacking always the victims fault at some point, or can everything be hacked? | I read about the US government having been hacked by Russian hackers. Earlier this week, Finland was hacked. I’ve read about large companies being hacked, passwords leaked etc. I understand that in practice, there’s always an employee who can mess up. But from a theoretical standpoint, is everything always hackable? Is every hack due to the victim (be it a person och a company) having done something wrong/missed something? Given that company X keeps it’s programs up to date, follows protocol among employees 100% of the time, makes sure to store all data encrypted, salted, never re-using keys, well, just executing everything perfectly (remember, it’s a theoretical scenario!), is the company unhackable as long as there’s a connection to the internet? | 15 | You really can't blame the victim for a zero day vulnerability, as you can't apply a patch that does't exist. Even air gapped systems can be exploited via social engineering, or and adversary who has infiltrated your operations. Stuxnet, for example, was injected by a double agent using a thumb drive.
In practice, being security conscious, and following best practices like applying security in depth will reduce the probability and consequences of an exploit. Risk always exists, though. | 23 |
Why was the PowerPC architecture discontinued after ~15 years, but the x86 architecture is still used after 30+ years? | It seemed like it was much better than x86 in terms of performance vs clockspeed, but i might be wrong | 65 | mostly its a business decision. but, technical side of things, it needs resources to keep an arch evolving.
ibm had a good partnership with apple, and others. but, mostly apple. so apple wanted a chip that intel had for reasons u can read online, and they dumped ibm.
ibm, had no customers to support the volumes they need to get ROI, so they discontinued it for mass market. powerpc is still being worked on, u can check ps3 chip and ibm's own z series main frame, uses powerpc. it does some work better than x86, but lack of people using the chip and building software for, is what kept it in data centers. x86, given the popularity, is still around, thanks to push from intel mainly, customers and also AMD's recent effort.
if you see now, apple is moving to arm, and that is a big alert. x86, may be the powerpc of this era. arm is the new kid, followed by riscv. arm has outgrown lot of its disadvantages, due to it's business model, and its taking market share even in servers (see fujitsu arm server). at the end of the day, $ commands where people will focus their resources and that will put the chip in or out of life. | 31 |
I'm starting PhD in fall. I have some summer internship money. How do I best spend it to improve my productivity? | Hi,
I will have about 12k saved from a summer internship. My PhD is fully funded and I live a pretty frugal lifestyle (I expect to have at least $400 in surplus money each month from my stipend; I already am living in a nice appartment). I live in the United States.
I am all in on this academia thing. How do I spend my money in exchange for productivity/knowledge? I already have a good amount of fancy tech stuff, but I could always spend more (I have been eyeing a kinda-needless iPad Pro). Should my money be spent investing in items with high relaxation/time ratios? Should I start buying books instead of finding them online or going to the library? Should I use money to buy face from other academics somehow? Should I avoid cooking as much as possible so I can spend more time working?
Thanks | 15 | There are very few things you can just buy to immediately improve productivity. You will lose infinitely more time to burnout than you'll ever gain with productivity tools, so anything that minimizes burnout is great. To reduce burnout, get yourself access to some sports/exercise setup (doesnt matter what, as long as you can actually stick to it regularly - typically this means not more than 1hr/day time commitment and not time constrained to a particular time of day). To make life generally nicer, you could get a nice coffee machine and a standing desk. Save the rest of the money for emergency medical expenses and taking nice far-away vacations for when you do get burned out and really need to get away for a week.
Also definitely cook for yourself. You will very soon not want to spend more time working - taking a few hours per week to cook is going to make it less likely youll go crazy in the lab. | 32 |
[Halo] How is the Master Chief able to utilise overshield and active camo pickups? | If active camo and overshield pickups Covenant inventions, why is the Master Chief able to utilise them? Surely there would be incompatibility between his armour (UNSC tech) and the pickup (Covenant tech) | 22 | If memory serves, the UNSC was pretty quick to study Covenant tech and often in greater detail than the Covenant themselves.
I'd not be surprised if his suit is based on the same technology as the elites' armor. It's an imperfect match, mind you, which is why the upgrades are so short-term. | 20 |
ELI5: How do people snoop in on unsecured wifi networks? | I think I understand it if someone makes a network called "Free Public wifi", and then (through the router app??) they can read what you're sending to, and from the network. But can people pick up information sent to and from the network if they did not set up the network? | 15 | Sure. If you've got a network with no password or other form of authentication, then the connection to that access point is completely unencrypted and broadcast all over the local area for anybody to grab and read right out of the air. There are even tools for some of the older encryption protocols (WEP, most notably) that can grab enough information to be able to decrypt any of the information sent through the wi-fi.
Think of it like eavesdropping on a conversation at the table next to you. The sound waves are there in the air for anybody to hear, you just need to tune into them and pay attention to what's being said. | 19 |
[Phoenix Wright/Marvel] Would Phoenix, Maya, Apollo, and Athena have to register their lawyer powers? | So the Phoenix Wright series takes place in Jamarica (America with Japanese culture and legal systems.), and in the series all members of the Wright Anything Agency except trucy have some sort of weird pseudo-superpower.
**Phoenix:** has the magatama a green stone that can tell if some one is lying and display those lies as "Psyke locks."
**Maya:** Has the ability to channel spirits into her body.
**Apollo:** Has the ability to instantly sense "tells", his body tenses up when he spots them but he needs his bracelet to focus on and spot them.
**Athena:** Has super sensitive hearing that somehow allows her to even hear when someone has conflicting emotions in their heart, she uses a gadget to make it easier to show and pinpoint the discord in the subjects heart.
So if jamerica was in the marvel universe would Maya and the trio be subject to the SHRA? the details of the act were vauge with some saying you only had to register if you were a vigilante and others were saing if you had any power at all you had to be *registered and drafted*
*I am asking two questions.*
* 1. would their status as lawyers that due to jamericas legal system are also investigators be close enough to be considered "crime fighting"?
* 2 If the second interpretation of the shra is correct would their abilites be considered superpowers? | 32 | Phoenix's and Maya's actuall constitutes as superpowers.
Apollo'a, Athena's and Trucy's (she can also make out tells, just doesn't have a bracelet for it) are pretty much super psychology powers, hardly something to be concerned about and not really supernatural. | 22 |
Is There a Limit To How Hot Something Can Get? | I know that there is and absolute zero, but is there an absolute hot? A point where something is so hot that it can't get any hotter? Also what is the hottest thing in the universe? | 21 | It depends on whether you are speaking of a small finite system or not. For a small finite system (like a handful of atoms), you can end up with negative temperatures which are hotter than any positive temperature, and so there is an 'absolute hot' which happens to be 0 (or arbitrarily close to it at least, just like absolute zero). This is because temperature is defined as the inverse ratio of the change in entropy of a system over the change in energy. If you end up in a situation where adding energy lowers entropy, as can happen in finite systems, then the system will have negative temperature and then be hotter than any positive temperature, in the sense that heat will naturally flow from the system to any other system with positive temperature.
Outside of 'small' finite systems, the question is a little more difficult to answer. There is a very high (positive) temperature called the Planck temperature, after which energies are so high that we need a theory of quantum gravity just to say what is happening. This isn't an 'absolute hot' though, it is just saying that we don't know what happens when you raise the temperature beyond it. It could be possible that you can still achieve negative temperatures in a large finite system, but we don't really know what that would mean anymore. | 20 |
ELI5: Why is spending a lot of time reading socially acceptable but spending a lot of time on screens isn't? | 29 | It's associative properties. That books are liked to knowledge, while screens are *associated* with forms of non informational stimulation. Or it could come from a time when sitting in front of the tv meant a higher electricity bill or even in the time of AOL, when you could either be online or on the phone. Just a guess. | 25 |
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I feel that if you had no control over something, you shouldn't have pride when it comes to that subject. CMV. | I see these celebrations that happen all the time, whether it be puerto rican day parade, Gay pride, Black pride, people cheering the sports team from their country, what ever the case may be. I feel that these are completely unnecessary and in some cases offensive. It feels hypocritical in the sense that it would sound absurd for a white pride parade or a heterosexual pride parade to be a norm.
I understand things like veterans being proud of serving their country or a hypothetical group that has just changed laws concerning unjust laws being prideful, they actually did something. People celebrating because they happen to be born in a certain country or because they were born a certain sexuality is absurd. | 47 | Some of the examples of "pride" you point to aren't really examples of being proud of something you had no control over.
In each of those cases, people have been made to feel *shame* for things that they have no control over, time and time again.
Surely if you honestly feel pride is unjustified for these things, you'd have to agree that it's wrong that people are shamed for things that they can't control, right? Because the statements are logically equivalent.
"Gay pride" is really better understood as "refuting gay shame". It's just clearer not to speak in double negatives (/irony). | 61 |
ELI5: Why are rabbits not a preferred source of meat, seeing as they breed so easily, and are so easy to keep? | Rabbits breed, well, like rabbits. They are easily tamed and don't take up much space. Why is the rabbit meat industry not bigger?
Wouldn't it be better to breed rabbits rather than cows (from a methane/global warming point of view)? | 64 | Rabbit consumption is higher in Europe than it is in the Americas.
Rabbits are relatively useless farm animals and were not a significant part of American agricultural life. Chickens provide an ongoing protein source in eggs, pigs can live largely off of waste products. Cows provide milk and meat cows are relatively low maintenance on low-quality land. This created cultural associations with these animals and their products which compete with rabbit.
The greatest competitor to rabbits are chickens and chicken breeding programs have been very successful at producing a relatively large amounts of food in a short period with few inputs. It is possible that, with sufficient demand, a fattier, lower-input rabbit could be developed, but it is unlikely that demand would increase sufficiently without large cultural shifts. | 46 |
ELI5: help me explain dropping the bombs on japan to a bunch of tweeners. | Hola folks. im working as a camp councilor as a summer job. long story short, the topic of dropping the bombs on japan came up (space camp, was doing the section on Werner Vonbraun and the use of rockets in WW2). most of the kids had an extremely negative opinion of the event and seemed to think it was an example of American imperialism. i tried to explain how it was more complicated then that. but i kept getting overwhelmed as to which details were most salient. i also wanted to keep from sounding like some Fascist puppet for a tremendous racists for not glossing over japans war crimes during WW2. i told the kids i would do some research, and bring them a better answer when i was done.
so as apart of that, anyone have any advice on how to explain this incredibly complex bit of history to a pack of 5th graders without sounding racist, fascist, or boring? | 20 | An invasion would have been even more costly in both American and Japanese lives, because culturally, they could *not* surrender without losing face. Did you know that they haven't made new Purple Heart medals since 1945? We're *still* drawing from the enormous supply of medals that were struck in anticipation of invading Japan.
The Cold War was already heating up, if you'll excuse the mixed metaphor. 'We needed to cow the Soviets.'
If we had threatened a particular Japanese city, saying, "evacuate it by August 6," they could have trucked in our captured soldiers to use as shields. And, they *would have.* Imperial Japan wasn't a nice bunch of people.
| 15 |
[DC/Brightburn] would batman be about to come up with a contingency plan to take form Brandon? | Say Bruce Wayne was in the world of Brightburn at the end of the movie when Brandon went off the rails. Can he save that world from Brandon? | 22 | If he has access to the technology of the Justice League? Absolutely. The metal Brandon is vulnerable to can be analyzed by the Bat-spectrometer, the bat could drop him into the Phantom Zone, and the Hellbat can go toe-to-toe with Darkseid for a few minutes, so ... the Bat has options.
If you're talking Nolan-verse, though, no, he'd be fucked. | 29 |
Trying to explain to a friend about the statistics and probabilities of single events and multiple events, but lacking the vocabulary. | Yesterday a couple of friends and I were discussing going to a casino, and roulette was brought up. One of my friends tried to tell us that you could do really well at roulette by paying attention to what numbers are 'hot' or 'cold', and by using knowledge that over a certain amount of spins, you knew that every number had to come up an equal amount of times, and so could bet that way and make a lot of money.
We tried telling him that each single spin on a fair roulette wheel was a separate event meaning that you couldn't bet with any certainty on any number with any more than that average 1/37 chance of getting it right, but he was adamant this wasn't true.
I'm pretty sure he was wrong, but we were lacking the correct vocabulary and ways of explaining to him why he was. Can anyone help me out? | 40 | Your friend is indeed wrong. It's simplest to start with a single coin toss and work up from there. After a thousand coin tosses, you'd expect to see roughly 500 heads and 500 tails. This is what we're led to believe based on our understanding of the probability being 0.5 for each event.
However, if you have just thrown 999 heads, is the coin suddenly more likely to come down tails to "balance it out"? Of course not, it's the same coin and its properties haven't changed. Your friend can't see how you reconcile "on average, equal" with "no balancing effect" and he is not alone in this by any means. The answer lies in a bit of statistics. Let's take a two-toss series as a starting point. What possible outcomes can you have from this? You can get HH, HT, TH, TT. Each of these outcomes is equally likely because the chances of heads or tails each time is equal. However, note that you have two ways of achieving equal numbers, but only one way of achieving each of the single-side results. So the most likely outcome, disregarding the order of throws, is one in which you have equal numbers of heads and tails. As you increase the number of throws, you'll find that the number of possible sequences in which you have equal numbers of heads and tails is larger than the number of possible sequences of any other distribution.
There's no magic to it - all sequences are equally possible but there are more in which you get a balanced outcome. The fallacy lies in giving too much importance to the sequence that has come before. Getting 999 heads followed by a tails occurs with probability 1 in 2^1000 but (and this is key) *so does* 999 heads followed by another heads. So does 568 heads followed by 432 tails or any other particular combination you want to dream up. There are just many more sequences in which they end up with about 500 each. | 31 |
[Dark Souls Series] How powerful are the the Chosen Undead, Bear of the Curse and the Ashen One by the end of their games? | As in where do they fit on the food chain in-universe and how would they fair well in other series? | 29 | They’re certainly formidable - as would anything that could kill entire pantheons of gods.
But you have to take into account the fact that all of the gods and monsters you fight in the games are implied to be pale shadows of their former selves.
Once, long ago, they were way, way more powerful. Their armies and their will could shake worlds.
By the time you meet them, they’re on their last legs, surviving on what little dregs of power and influence they have left, practically on their death beds.
So like, imagine a bunch of former world champion martial artists in a hospital, old and sick as heck, just barely hanging on while hooked up to IV drips.
Then there are a succession of tiny four year olds with pen knives, filing into the hospital one by one, going from bed to bed, trying to kill them all with their adorable tiny blades.
Because these old guys used to kick ass, they manage to kill dozens of four year olds with what little strength they had left. But eventually, one of them gets through, and stabs them enough times that they bleed out and die
At their peak strength, some random undead/ashen one shouldn’t stand a chance against them. But by the time the games roll around, they’ve weakened to the point where one zombie can kill them all | 32 |
Does more exposure to a virus make you sicker? | A few months ago, there was a meme about how all of the COVID virus in the world would be able to fit into a tablespoon, and the meme was about someone eating it (very silly, yes). But that got me thinking about what would happen if that was possible. Does more exposure to a virus cause you to get sicker, or would the immune response be the same? Maybe as a side question, would the person from the meme (assuming they were healthy and wouldn't have died from COVID normally) have died from that much exposure? | 329 | The measure of how many viral particles are either circulating or you are otherwise exposed to is called "viral load" or similarly "infectious dose." Speaking very generally, our bodies do pretty well fighting off infection when viral load is small, as those few particles would have to successfully reproduce, and there would be simply more time available for the immune system to catch up. If your viral load is higher, then the infection can begin to rapidly spread throughout the body before the immune system had a chance to stop it.
With respiratory viruses like COVID19 the infectious dose correlates with how sick you get.
There are, however, a ton of variables to this. | 341 |
[Star Wars] Why didn't the clone troopers use camouflage or utilize cover during the Clone Wars? | Same question for the CIS Forces. During the Battle(s) of Geonosis and Utapau the Clone and Sepratist Armies engaged in line and column tactics/warfare and rarely appeared to use cover. Similarly, few if any of the combatants appeared to be camouflaged or using any environmental advantages.
Given the strength and accuracy of blaster weapons of those days, what is the purpose behind the lack of camouflage and the tactics that these units deployed? | 68 | some did, but it's wasn't as useful as you might think. even B1 battle droids had infra-red scanners in their eyes, visual camoflauge might as well not exist. scanning and detection tech is insanely advanced. they can literally scan an entire planet in seconds and come back with accurate life readings for specific species and pin point locations. even with the smallest of ships.
as for their tactics? I'd guess outdated Military doctrine. | 60 |
What were the ideological goals of the frankfurt school? Were they still communists? Or social democrats? A mix? | I heard that Marcuse has been accused of having some weird ideology that was somewhat elitist.
| 31 | Neither. They only ever identified themselves as 'critical theorists' -basically they sought to rigurously examine social norms, and in the process reveal contradictions therewithin. They never sought to propose solutions to the problems they identified, hence they can't really be placed into any political category. | 13 |
AskScience AMA Series - IAmA Entomologist working on molecular systematics and genetic barcoding. AMA! | Specifically, I work on producing phylogenies of moths and (soon enough) fireflies as well. This process involves DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gel electrophoresis, and a lot of computer analysis. Feel free to ask any questions you may have about insect evolution, experimental procedure, or about bugs in general!
EDIT: I apologize if some of my answers start appearing twice. My connection is spotty and I keep getting submission errors. | 127 | Have you discovered any cryptic moth species which were previously unknown due to common morphological characters?
How well resolved are your phylogenies? Do you stop at the species level, or are you interested in sub-species diversity?
Why is it important to develop moth phylogenies? | 12 |
So I wrote an auth server - are people using it??? | Hey reddit!
Backstory: Decade Jam, a game jam that lasts for a decade, began Jan 1st, 2020. I started writing a web game called [Egg Trainer](https://eggtrainer.com/), but after a year of work realized that my codebase wasn't workable anymore. So at the beginning of 2021, I began working on a game engine that would power the beta version of ET - this is called the [MERN-template](https://github.com/krgamestudios/MERN-template) (clearly, I'm bad at naming things).
I've kept the template up to date as I've improved Egg Trainer, since parts of the current template are actually built with GitHub CI and pushed to docker hub, to be pulled into the game when they update.
&#x200B;
My question: One of these microservices, the [auth-server](https://github.com/krgamestudios/auth-server), apparently has over 1600 downloads; the other two services also have hundreds of downloads.
Even with my update pattern, there's no way I've downloaded them that many times. So my question is: who the heck is using my auth server?
&#x200B;
I mean, I'm flattered, and I've done my homework and followed best practices when writing it, but... well, the idea makes me nervous. What if there's an issue that I've missed - say, someone misconfigures it, for example - and it goes haywire? I don't want other people to suffer because of my screw up.
I suppose it comes with the territory of writing open source software. It's under a no liability license (zlib), but I'd still feel bad, you know? At least I know my own live code is always the latest version with the latest libraries.
Should I even be worrying about this? | 20 | I think everyone knows what they are getting is "as is" with no liability or warranty. If it makes you feel better you can put that in the license explicitly. That is probably the bare minimum.
If you wanna go further then thats good on you. If you are actively maintaining it, you probably want to at least keep up with security updates to modules (perhaps enable dependabot). If you aren't maintaining it then it is good practice to note that and encourage forking or for people to submit PRs back.
If you want to be proactive, then you might find a peer to review the code and try to harden it the best you can.
Main thing is transparency. If people know what they are getting they are usually fine working within whatever parameters the project owner states. | 10 |
ELI5: Why is it acceptable for celebrities to receive millions of dollars in salary while a CEO of a billion dollar company is often criticized for that? | 248 | Because despite their big salaries, the celebrities are often not the top dog in the chain, they're just employees of someone making even more money.
It might seem crazy that an NFL player is getting paid $14 million for a year, but in the current agreement with the owners, all of the players combined only get 47% of the league revenue. The other 53% goes to the 32 owners. Sure the owners have to pay a bunch of costs out of that, but they're almost certainly all pocketing at least 10's of millions of dollars per year, and all without sacrificing their bodies the way that the athletes do.
It might seem crazy for someone to pay Brad Pitt $20 million to star in a movie, but if the movie grosses $350 million just in box office receipts, there are people making way more than $20 million from it. | 131 |
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CMV: I feel that refugees would be more welcome as temporary visitors/wards of a host country as opposed to permanent new citizens. | Making the assumption that there are more asylum seekers then there are countries that can/will accommodate them, I think temporary visa type situation of 5-10 years and you head back or length of the conflict + three years would accommodate more asylum seekers? I'm talking about those fleeing war not your local boy looking for a better life instead of fixing his home country. Wars don't last forever. President Obama is visiting Laos today, Peace happens too, in time! who is to say that Syria won't one day be the twenty-something vacation destination that Vietnam has become? Have a baby as a refugee.. great take him with you, better teach him the language! Marry a local girl.. take her as well that is the rule, don't like it.. we all do shit we don't like, my rules my house. Commit a crime, 7 day review, if guilty immediate deportation, can't have one bad apple ruining it for everyone. Some of the rules may seem harsh but this policy is meant to get MORE people out of a conflict zone not fewer, and is meant for those refugees to be a temporary burden on the host country. Sweden is one of the most generous countries to refugees in my opinion and popular opinion is turning away from swedes helping refugees in a poll today. German data can show that refugees aren't blending with the German society or getting jobs. The present system is broken, nobody wants these people permanently, perhaps a temporary solution would accommodate MORE refugees in need.
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> *Hello, users of CMV! This is a footnote from your moderators. We'd just like to remind you of a couple of things. Firstly, please remember to* ***[read through our rules](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/rules)***. *If you see a comment that has broken one, it is more effective to report it than downvote it. Speaking of which,* ***[downvotes don't change views](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/guidelines#wiki_upvoting.2Fdownvoting)****! If you are thinking about submitting a CMV yourself, please have a look through our* ***[popular topics wiki](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/populartopics)*** *first. Any questions or concerns? Feel free to* ***[message us](http://www.reddit.com/message/compose?to=/r/changemyview)***. *Happy CMVing!* | 52 | In the UK you initially get 5 years and then after 5 years there's a needs assessment on if they can be safely returned and if not they get permanent.
The issue is its very hard to tell when, if ever (and it often is never) it would be safe to go back. So you'd have to set up an enormous and expensive bureaucracy to constantly reappraise and monitor people's cases. And since you should, and legally must, err on the side of caution in most cases they'd end up staying forever anyway.
Then you also have the cultural and social effects of telling someone that they shouldn't get settled because they won't be staying long. Firstly imagine what that does to someone who wakes up every night in terror that they might be sent back to the place where those horrible things happened. Secondly think about how comprehensively that kills any desire they might have to learn the local language and integrate culturally. | 26 |
[LotR] I'm one of the Rangers of the North/Dunedain- what would have my life been like growing up/when I'm not being a ranger? What would interacting with my fellow rangers have looked like when I'm not out Rangering? | The Rangers/Dunedain aren't just a club of neighborhood watch enthusiasts, but an actual society with customs, traditions- and presumably families. My question is, what would life would have been like for these Rangers outside of their Ranging? I know they didn't really have any major settlements (though they might have some association with Elrond/Rivendell if Aragorn is any indication, but he's one of their elite), but presumably they had some sort of social life and didn't bring the wee ones to go orc hunting before their single digits. | 32 | They lived in small, out-of-the-way villages, far from other significant settlements and major travel routes. You're right that only the line of Chieftains were fostered in Rivendell. If memory serves their homes were mainly in the Angle between the rivers Bruinen (Loudwater) and Mitheithel (Hoarwell), some distance south of there, although of course the adult men were away from home as often as not.
They were accustomed to marrying later, since they were of pure Numenorean blood and very long-lived. The men customarily held off marrying until they had spent some time on the job, so to speak, and the women would not marry until their 30s or older. The upbringing would have involved a good deal of education in history, various arts and sciences and other lore, and martial training. | 22 |
ELI5: Why is it so rare to see bucks along the road at night, as opposed to does and fawns, which are a very common sight? | 23 | ELI5: there are more does/ fawns then bucks.
In a lot of deer populations does outnumber bucks 4:1, that ratio doesn’t include fawns under 1 1/2 YO. So it could be up near 10:1 if you included them. Not to mention half the year bucks don’t have horns | 14 |
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when astronauts use the space station's stationary bicycle, does the rotation of the mass wheel start to rotate the I.S.S. and how do they compensate for that? | 5,067 | The ISS has a total mass around 420,000kg. The effect of the spinning bike will be nothing compared to the inertia of the station.
ISS has four control moment gyros (CMG) used to adjust attitude that are something like 100kg spinning up to 7000rpm IIRC. That dwarfs the component from the bike. | 2,778 |
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ELI5: Why do magnets damage electronics? | How do magnets damage electronics on a small scale? For instance, how does a magnet damage the data on a hard disk drive?
And, on a bigger scale, how do EMPs (electromagnetic pulses) cause mass absolute destruction to all electronics in the vicinity of the EMP detonation? | 354 | Most electronics will not be damaged by a magnet. The things that do get damaged by magnets get messed up because they use magnets to work- hard drives store data by magnetizing tiny portions of the disk, and then a magnetic needle "reads" which way each section of the disk pulls. Other electronics, like flash memory or a CPU, won't get damaged by a magnet.
Now an EMP is another issue. Electricity and magnetism are related, and a change in magnetic field near a loop of wire will create a current. When you have a gigantic sudden change in the magnetic field, it can create a current so high that the electronics heat up really quickly and things start to melt. However, the only thing we have that's capable of creating a big enough magnetic pulse to do this is a nuclear weapon which will also damage electronics in other ways. We don't have movie mad-scientist supervillian "I will blast the city back to the stone age mwahaha" EMPs. | 149 |
ELI5: If sound travels fastest through solids and slowest through gases, why does heat do the opposite? | Aren't they both just the vibration of molecules? | 20 | Heat transfer in a gas is primarily through the movement of the gas. As the gas gets stirred up the hot gas can move across its container very quickly.
A hot solid can transfer heat very quickly in the same way. Heat a bucket of ball bearings up. Then through the bucket of bearings across the room. All the heat just moved across the room in a second. | 27 |
ELI5: How did autographs get their value? Why did we one day declare that someone touching a ball makes it worth more? | 33 | As the old axiom says, "everything is worth what the purchaser will pay for it."
Nothing, not even money, has an inherent value. Its value is only what someone would trade for it.
Since people like autographed baseballs (it makes the baseball feel more unique and concretely related to the autographer and less like a generic baseball you buy for four dollars at Dick's), they're willing to pay more for them.
But, remember they aren't worth anything unless someone is willing to pay an amount for them. You could list your autographed baseball for $10,000 on eBay; that doesn't make it worth $10,000 unless someone pays you that amount for it. | 29 |
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ELI5: Why do humans unconciously lift heavy weights with their backs, although a) leg muscles are stronger and b) it would be healthier? | English is not my first language, sorry if my question is not easy to understand.
EDIT: Thanks for all the answers first! While thinking about this, I personally also figuered that there‘s some kind of societal pressure too. Imagine for example dropping your keys and then doing a full squad to pick them up. It would look hilarious and most people would just bend over to pick them up.
Although in this case, it is no ‚heavy‘ lifting in that sense.. should‘ve maybe left it away in the title.. | 38 | Muscle memory is unconcious and built through repetitions. Somebody trained like in a gym, would learn and "unconciously" use the legs too, for example, if he's been doing deadlifts in proper form.
Someone who is disabled from the waist down for example, would have appropriate bio mechanics to use their hands like for "walking" -- that is because they move around with their hands and not their legs. Same principle applies to those who use their backs instead of their legs for heavy lifting.
So incorrect repetitions or just infrequent lifting of stuff can lead you to use the less appropriate muscle group e.g. lower back instead of legs.
PS your English is fine | 41 |
ELI5: What makes walking on train tracks so dangerous? Couldn't the average person hear a train coming long before it reaches them? | 47 | Unless impaired via listening to music, drugs or alcohol you will hear, see or if you're standing on the rails you will feel it coming. And unless you're on a bridge or in a tunnel you don't need much warning. You just need to side step the train, not out run it.
Source: played on a lot of tracks as a kid and still have a stash of flattened coins. | 38 |
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CMV: YouTube should crack down on parasites whose channels consist mostly of repackaging other people's content. | I am fine with fair use. I am in favor of content creators being allowed to insert clips of other people's content in their own video so they can respond to it.
I am talking about the videos that consist entirely of someone else's content. Much of the time, they take long form content like a podcast or interview, chop it into smaller segments, and give it a clickbait title. Many of them do not even bother to add an intro of their own.
I can see where doing this might be useful to some people, but the utility comes at the expense of taking viewers away from the content creator's channel.
But if you have so much as a song playing in the background, you can get hit by a copyright violation.
This garbage shows up in my feed because I follow or like the original content, but there is no way to report it. You can only report copyright violations if you hold the copyright.
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> *This is a footnote from the CMV moderators. We'd like to remind you of a couple of things. Firstly, please* ***[read through our rules](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/rules)***. *If you see a comment that has broken one, it is more effective to report it than downvote it. Speaking of which,* ***[downvotes don't change views](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/guidelines#wiki_upvoting.2Fdownvoting)****! Any questions or concerns? Feel free to* ***[message us](http://www.reddit.com/message/compose?to=/r/changemyview)***. *Happy CMVing!* | 308 | It's in the hands of the copyright holder. You said it yourself. If you see content being infringed upon you should report it to the owner of the content. They can take do with it as they wish. Youtube's automation has been an issue from day one. We shouldn't be trying to get even more of it put in. | 39 |
Why don't we have full control over the apps we install on Windows unlike Android? | We can see and restrict the permissions an app has on Android. On Windows, the apps we install only ask for administrator permissions. Why can't we have the same as on Android. Are there any tools to do so? | 23 | "Full control" is an exceedingly generous label for the extremely vague and generalized bundles of permissions in the android ecosystem. But anyway...
Part of the reason is historic. Computers were originally designed for a very simply use case. You feed it a program and some data, wait a while and it gives you back some output data. When every program is "bring your own data" and there's only ever one program on the system you don't need permissions. The permission system is some guy behind a desk telling you whether you're allowed to run your program.
From that computers developed into terminal servers where there were multiple programs but "permissions" was question of which employees were allowed to do what. Programs were often tailor made for the company for shittons of money or bought from a relatively small selection of companies for slightly less obscene amounts.
From this computers developed into personal computers where a maximum flexibility was desired. You can buy a ludicrous number of possible hardware combinations and were supposed to be able to run pretty much any program someone has written from the PC platform. This meant the system needed to impose a few restrictions as possible with the understanding that you, the owner will only buy and install what you deemed necessary and prudent.
This "inversion of permissions" only really became a thing with free apps. As long as people paid for the software they used it was understood that the software was working for whoever bought the program. These days we generally don't. So the software you run on your phone, runs there on behalf of some company and they are going to make it worth their while. At roughly the same time our lives also became much more interconnected and technology advanced to a point where unprecedented amounts of data could be collected through these devices. From a data privacy point of view this is an absolute nightmare.
Another part of the reason is that with Android (and probably the others too) the respective companies did something very rare: they broke with backwards compatibility. For most of PC history computers and programs evolved together usually allowing you to move from older systems to newer systems using the same or largely the same programs or program lines. Because that was the cheapest solution. Nobody wants to throw away millions in old hardware to run one new program or throw away years of programming effort to support one new system. Not if it can be avoided.
It took a more or less new field like mobile computing for a company to decide: "since we're going to kinda start over from scratch anyway with these new possibilities, we might as well change how we think about software and how we allow software to be written." Also because it was possible to essentially unilaterally dictate these new systems they were able to "centralize" your data and define interactions for it. On PC you don't have "contacts", you have *Outlook* or *Thunderbird* with completely separate data pools. But on Android Google was able to say: if you want to do phonebook-things you need to put your data in this phonebook and these are the things you can do with it. Don't like it? Tough cookies.
If you wanted to create the same ecosystem for the PC you'd need to create a similar platform ontop of windows/linux/macos and *hope* people will start to use it. But you wouldn't have the stranglehold goolge has over Android. Developers could just as easily write their own address book as they could use yours. | 28 |
How far away do we have to move from the sun before we can stare at it without hurting our eyes? | Just wondering. At our current distance from the sun, we would be blind within minutes. But exactly how far away would be need to be before it wouldn't hurt our eyes to look at it? Jupiter/Saturnian distances? Thanks! | 16 | I'll talk about the physics involved:
The relevant physical unit (I believe) is flux (F): energy per time per area. It is proportional to the luminosity (L, energy per time) of the source and drops off as the square of the distance (r) from the source.
F = L / 4 pi r^2
(The 4 pi assumes the source is radiating equally in all directions.)
So if there is some flux above which your eyes get hurt then you can solve for the distance away from the Sun you must be using:
r^2 = L / 4 pi F
and plugging in the luminosity of the sun and whatever that flux is.
To build your intuition consider the following:
The sun's luminosity is 3.8x10^26 W and its distance is 1 AU = 1.5x10^11 m (150 million kilometers), so the flux (at Earth) is: 1.3x10^3 W/m^2
Consider instead a 100 W lightbulb (L = 100 W, no lampshade). The distance at which you would receive the same flux from the lightbulb as from the Sun is: 0.077 m = 7.7 centimeters.
At what distance would the Sun would look like a 100 W lightbulb 10 ft (about 3 meters) away? The flux is 100 W / ( 4 pi (3m)^2 ) = 0.88 W/m^2 . The required distance from the sun is then: sqrt( 3.8x10^26 W / (4 pi 0.88 W/m^2 ) ) = 5.9x10^12 m = 5.9 billion km = 39 AU, approximately Pluto's semi-major axis. | 29 |
ELI5: Why is it that certain word associations just have a single way that sounds "right." | For example, if I tell someone to fetch me some pepper and to get the salt as well, I'll never say that. It's "Salt and Pepper." Not "Pepper and Salt." Just "Salt and Pepper." Then you have "Nieces and Nephews," "Ladies and Gentlemen" (Though that seems to be more of a phrase), "Fruits and Vegetables," etc. There's obviously many more, but I can't think of them at the top of my head. | 15 | Because these are commonly used combinations and the more you hear it the easier it sticks to your brain. Its a historical accident that we use "Salt and Pepper" instead of "Pepper and salt." If half of america used "Salt and Pepper" and the other half "Pepper and salt." eventually one of them would win over the other, because it represents an unstable equilibrium, the more people which use one, the more influence that will have to get even more people to use it.
| 12 |
[Rick and Morty] Regarding S1E06 'Rick Potion No. 9" | Towards the end of the episode when Rick is explaining to Morty how there are infinite timelines, he says "It's not like we can do this every week, anyways. We get three or four more of these, tops". My question is, if there are "infinite timelines" why are there only finite universes where certain events happen?
EDIT:Thanks for all the helpful responses! Watched a couple of YouTube videos and I am grasping the concept now. | 15 | Of the infinite universes, there were a finite (though a vast amount) number of them where Rick cured the infection in time for the world to return to normal. Of those uncountable worlds where Rick solved the crisis, there were also a finite, but smaller amount than the first, where Rick and Morty died soon after due to whatever. If Rick and Morty manage to doom their current world, they are cutting their possible future escape worlds down further.
Infinite universes do exist, but there are only a finite number of them where Rick and Morty could conceivably insert themselves into. Think of it as when Rick was trying to find a planet for them to live on after becoming fugitives. Out of the millions of places they could have went to, only three planets were livable. While there are infinite universes, when you start applying filters to them and cut them down exponentially the numbers get small real quick.
Also keep in mind of the original worlds where Rick cured the infection, and then died soon after, they were reasonably similar to his original world. I.E. they don't have giant telepathic spider problems, they all don't look like Rocky Dennis from Mask. So Cowboy Rick and Morty could also destroy their whole planet, but they would be limited to the infinite universes where Cowboy Rick and Morty exist to escape to. | 22 |
ELI5: Why does inhaling steam seem to clear up clogged sinuses? | 20 | Think of your mucous as a kind of hydrophilic (strongly attracted to water) slime. If you're sick, suffering from allergies, exposed to irritants, etc... then it can be valuable to move that mucous along faster than it would normally. By inhaling water vapor, you increase the water content of the mucous, and it becomes looser, less sticky and more subject to being cleared.
Another reality of the situation is that often what we perceive to be clogged sinuses due to mucous are actually just inflamed. Steam and warmth can be soothing, especially since dryness or the presence of an irritant is often a cause of that initial inflammation. | 20 |
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ELI5: Athletes that throw spears are fit, while those that throw neck-boulders are more of the bulky type. Why so? | 17 | Bulky is not the same thing as 'not fit.' Strength takes muscle, and more muscle can take up more space. This can lead to an appearance in very strong athletes that we may erroneously consider 'fat' or something along those lines. Part of this confusion arises due to body builders, who workout in ways to emphasize a specific muscle form that is, at least in part, tailored to appearance over raw strength. And so some people get the idea that is how a 'muscleman' looks.
But if you look at strongman contests and the like, where strength is a more important end goal than appearance, you often see 'bulkier' contenders.
Beyond that, achieving and maintaining muscle takes a lot of energy, which means a lot of food. This can contribute to the overall bulky appearance, and cutting weight would reduce the dividends in strength as well. It's hard to build muscle while cutting weight, and can even be hard to maintain it.
And finally, even if you don't have all that much fat, if you have a ton of muscle under it, it can contribute to a fattened appearance. | 11 |
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[Warhammer 40k] So... wouldn't it be a good thing for the Emperor to die? | Before you start screaming heresy and start giving the extermitatus order hear me out!
As I understand it, the Emperor is decaying slowly anyway, and the technology of the golden throne is one step away from failing too. But would the Emperor die his soul would go to the Warp and he could be re-born again as the perfect human being that he is and lead humanity ones more and all it would cost is a couple of years without warp-capability for human vessels.
Assuming that the Emperor even has to go through normal human growth, since he was able to alternate the DNA of his own body while still in the womb, he could probably be born with a speed up ageing to reach maturity faster, or just make himself an adult again in a flash of psychic energy. | 21 | It's a big assumption that the Emperor would be reborn. He could instead ascend to true god-hood and become an aloof Warp entity that doesn't intervene directly in the lives of humans. He might also just die and his soul might fade away, which would be really bad.
Not to mention many of the immediate term effects on the Imperium:
* Astronomicon goes down, cutting off long warp jumps (the Imperium would disintegrate into tiny fiefdoms like during the Age of Strife)
* The Golden Throne fails, and a warp rift opens in the heart of the Imperial Palace, pouring demons onto Terra
* Without the central administration of Terra and without the galaxy-spanning army of the Imperium, uncountable sectors will fall to Chaos and Xenos, destroying what little Human hegemony still exists in the galaxy | 39 |
What happens if someone seals a completely empty box in space and brings it to earth? | My thermos has a vacuum, but my coffee still gets cold. If I bring home a vacuum from space, what will happen? Will I be able to use it to keep my coffee hot forever? Will the box close in on itself?
Thanks in advance for all the answers! | 16 | If the box is not strong enough, the pressure difference between the inside (0) and the outside (1 bar) will cause it to collapse.
If the box is strong enough and it is sealed well, then you'll just have a box with a near-vacuum inside it. This isn't anything extraordinary, since we can produce vacuums that are more pure (that is, fewer particles per unit of volume) in labs than what you can find in space in the general neighbourhood of our planet. Since no seal is perfect, over time the vacuum will become less and less pure as atmospheric particles leak in.
You won't be able to put your coffee into it after bringing it back to Earth without opening the box and breaking the vacuum, so that might be an issue. But suppose that you are able to do so in some way, then a generic box will likely be less effective than a thermos.
To see why, it is important to know how heat is transferred. Heat transfer happens through 3 primary modes: Convection, conduction and radiation. The first is the movement of heat by the movement of a gas or liquid. A breeze blowing away hot air of a campfire or the hot air near a radiator rising to the ceiling, for example. Conduction is the transfer of heat through a material or between different materials. Some materials conduct heat very well (metals for example), others conduct quite poorly (air), but stuff is the least conductive when there's no material to conduct the heat (vacuum).
Last, but not least, is radiation. Every object or substance emits radiation, with intensity (and spectrum, but that's not relevant right now) depending on its temperature. If all objects are at the same temperature, they'll receive roughly the same amount of radiation as they emit and things stay pretty much the same. If one object is much hotter, it will emit more radiation than it receives from the cooler surroundings and the object will cool down (and the surroundings will heat up, slightly).
Now, in case of a thermos, the contents are confined and there is no flow out of the thermos, so convection doesn't play a role. In order to minimize conduction, the contents are, as much as possible, isolated from the outside world by a vacuum. This makes the heat loss through conduction rather small, but still non-zero. In order to shield against radiation heat loss, the walls of a thermos are made reflective, which ensures that most of the radiated heat is reflected back.
Unless your hypothetical box filled with space-vacuum that was somehow filled with coffee has the same reflective walls that a thermos has, it's going to be less effective than your thermos since more heat is lost through radiation. If it does have reflective walls, it'll have more or less similar effectiveness, depending on the construction of the box and the quality of the thermos you're comparing to. | 36 |
ELI5: Kosovo and Serbia? What is it all about and who is right? | 34 | The story starts a way long time ago. Kosovo was part of the Serbian Kingdom for a long time. Then it was taken over by the Muslim Ottoman Empire for a long time. In 1913, the Serbian empire got it back. They sort of recognized it as independent though, calling Kosovo an "autonomous province" within Serbia. After WWII, Serbia (and thus also Kosovo) became part of Yugoslavia, a communist federation of countries. That lasted until the late 80s/early 90s.
Probably since they were tired of being traded around like goddam baseball players, the ethnic Albanian people in Kosovo wanted to make Kosovo its own country. Some of the Serbian people in Kosovo didn't.
Meanwhile, Yugoslavia was having other problems- it was basically disintegrating. Turns out the communism thing hadn't worked out well, and now all the little countries wanted to leave. The Yugoslavian government didn't like that, and so while most of the other little countries escaped around 1991, Yugoslavia kept Serbia (including Kosovo) and Montenegro. When Kosovo said it wanted to leave too, Yugoslavia/Serbia was like, "No fucking way, we've already lost too much, you're staying!"
Everything got really tense. The ethnic Albanians began the Kosovo Liberation Army, which was either a group of freedom fighters or a group of terrorists, depending on your point of view. Starting in the mid 90s, the KLA harassed and killed Yugoslavian/Serbian police/army forces. Those guys lashed out at the KLA and a lot of civilians in return.
The official war started in 1998. The Serbs/Yugoslavs did a lot of bombing, raping and killing of the Albanian/Kosovo people, attempting to stop the KLA uprising (and stomp on the Kosovoans in general). Thousands upon thousands of regular folks became refugees and were dying because of sickness, lack of shelter, etc.
The international community got involved. They wanted everyone to quit fighting, and they demanded that the Serbs/Yugoslavians stop killing the Albanians, and they wanted the KLA to stop asking for Kosovoan independence. Of course neither side would agree, so NATO dropped some bombs on Yugoslavia. (Bill Clinton was USA Prez at the time, and needed the media to look away from the Monica scandal anyway, so it was convenient for him to start some shit anyway.) The bombs kept coming from March to June of 1999. Eventually Yugoslavia was like, "FIIIIINE," and they mostly left the area.
Things settled down, but no one was happy yet. Everyone got busy being politically mean to each other. "YOU GUYS committed more war crimes!" "No, YOU GUYS did!" At this point, there were still some Serbs in Kosovo, and so the Albanians said, "Fine, if you like Serbia so much, go live THERE" and kicked many of them out of their homes and businesses. There was (and is) a lot of discrimination.
By 2008 Kosovo had kind of gotten its shit together and declared themselves a new country, The Republic of Kosovo. "It's for real this time everybody!"
Serbia was like, "Aw nah you didn't!" and refused to recognize the new country. They wouldn't trade with them or negotiate anything either. The international community was like, "Guys, we are not going through this shit again. Work it out."
Right now, things are still tense, but no one has started any real hostilities, and Kosovo and Serbia are sort of talking. They still harass and arrest each others' people, but it's probably not anymore violent than an average day in New Jersey.
By the way, Serbs are mostly Serbian Orthodox (Christian).
Many of the Albanian people in Kosovo are Muslims.
So obviously, the religion thing creates tension as well.
No one is right, because they are all fucking crazy. | 42 |
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ELI5: How do springs originate at the top of the hills and how do they acquire such volume of water? | One explanation that I found was rainfall but it is not apparent that rainfall could contribute to such volume of water. | 8,411 | Answer:
Think of a rock mountain actually more like a sponge. A sponge seems like it fills with water perfectly evenly, but when you zoom in if you were to fill a sponge certain holes would fill faster than other ones. There are little pockets of water in the side of the mountains. Sometimes the entire mountain is full of water, but oftentimes there's just a little pocket where it collects before pressure or gravity causes it to flow down to the next little pocket. A spring is just tapping into one of those pockets. | 4,205 |
[Any space faring] What is the least weaponizable FTL system? | Many settings like Star Wars feature ships with shields and armor that can take an incredible beating but they should be destroyed by high speed projectiles that should be quite doable considering how inexpensive a FTL missile should be compared to a capital ship. | 44 | Hyperspace is actually not especially weaponizable, considering its easily countered by a simple interdiction system that is already installed on any ship that would actually be worth using such a weapon on.
In the Halo series the Prophet of Regret initiates a Slipspace jump while still in Earth's atmosphere, causing a huge amount of damage to the city of New Mombossa and scattering the UNSC ground forces. And this was (mostly) on accident, he just wanted to gtfo in a hurry and didn't bother to fly away first. Didn't really seem to hurt the ship any either. Slipspace bombs would be extremely effective, albeit expensive. | 28 |
ELI5: Why do Webpages on mobile devices especially still jump around frequently while loading? It goes as far as you cannot reliably trust what you about to hit will be still there when hitting it. Can't there be a load order that prevents that? | 25 | Scripts load at various times, often triggered by other scripts and elements on the page. Also, many images are not properly coded with width/height info causing the image load to make the page fluctuate.
A fun way to learn about how the web really works is to use an add-on like noscript. You will have the base page load (html) and each script in the page will need you to manually turn them on one-by-one. Well, you don't HAVE to, there is an "allow all scripts on the page" button.
Some pages only have one or two script approvals required. Journalism/media sites will have so many you will need to approve them all, then approve the scripts those scripts loaded. Possibly multiple times.
As the scripts load, you can watch the content on the page jump around as they load in. That's what is happening normally every time you load that page, just mostly all at once. | 12 |
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[Batman] Is Gotham really that dangerous or does it just look that way due to all the highly publicized incidents. Furthermore, how does it compare to other real-world cities with high crime rates? | Say I'm born and raised in Gotham and never leave. How likely is it that I'll have a moderately comfortable life (not a luxury or anything) and live well into my 70s before passing of old age or will I be constantly living in fear that I'll meet a truly horrific demise for seemingly no reason?
Is Gotham truly that dangerous a place to live or does it only look that way due to the large-scale devastation of some of its crimes (Due to the superpowered beings attacking it) and how the local and probably even international press surely sensationalizes the incidents whenever they happen giving the impression that it's so much worse?
And if Gotham truly is as bad as it appears would I have better chances of living to old age in say Honduras, Colombia or Somalia? | 38 | Its not the best city but its not an active warzone either (most of the time) . City wide destruction events don't happen that often and most super criminals are not that powerful.
But the city is ruled by multiple criminal organisations and the governement is corrupt as hell. So you have a good chance to have to deal with the mafia at some point. | 48 |
ELI5: How can the French Prime Minister just...dissolve the government? | For reference:
http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/08/25/french-president-dissolves-government-amid-dispute-over-economy/ | 33 | The **Prime Minister** of France can't do that.
However the French **President** can dissolve the government, effectively sacking all the ministers including the Prime Minister. He can do this because that's actually part of his job -- if he feels the government has become so beset with problems that it's become disfunctional, the President is required to abolish it and appoint a new cabinet.
Additionally, if the Prime Minister feels for whatever reason that he no longer has the support of many of his ministers or of the population at large, he can ask the President to dissolve government and force new elections. This is a common feature of most systems of democratic government which have a separate Head of State and Head of Government -- which is basically almost every democracy other than the USA.
TLDR: it's part of their Constitution. | 45 |
Why are nuclear bombs detonated while they’re still thousand of feet in the air? | 24 | To get a bigger area of effect.
If you detonate the bomb at ground level, only the part of the explosion around the horizontal circumference that will do major damage to buildings and the surroundings. You lose a lot of the force of the explosion upwards into the sky, and down into the ground directly under the explosion (which will do massively damage, but to a small area).
If you detonate the bomb in the air, the force of the explosion that is directed upwards still does no damage, but all the force that would have gone directly into the ground on a surface detonation now spreads out over a much larger area. | 23 |
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Is there a proof that the maximum value for the multiplication of a set of positive numbers of finite sum is achieved when the numbers are all "e"? | I have noticed a curious numerical association, and I can not find a method to prove whether my assumption about it is correct or not.
(Please note that my background is engineering, not pure math, so my explanation might be a bit simplistic).
Given a positive number, "a", expressed as an arbitrary sum of smaller positive numbers: a = a(1) + a(2) + ... + a(n).
Let x = a(1) * a(2) * ... * a(n).
It appears that the value of x is maximized when a(1) = a(2) = ... = a(n) = e (as near as possible).
I have no idea why this should be, but I'd be interested to know if there is a mathematical proof of why it be as it seems to be...
Thanks!
Edit: Thanks to all but especially to /u/scatters for providing a concise and easy-to-understand explanation. Well done!! | 1,695 | First we prove that the a_i are equal: for a_i ≠ a_j, replacing both with their mean gives a larger product (by AM-GM, or by (μ + λ)(μ - λ) = μ^2 - λ^2 < μ^(2)).
Then notating the equal a_i as y, we wish to maximize x = y^(a / y) with a fixed; differentiating wrt y gives ay^(a/y - 2)(1 - ln y), with stationary point at 1 = ln y => y = e; simple inspection shows that this is a maximum. | 454 |
CMV: Of all the people with a claim on the Iron Throne, Stannis Baratheon would make the best king. | I can't really talk about this without avoiding spoilers, but I'll try and spoiler tag things that haven't happened in the show yet, so the discussion isn't restricted to book readers only.
Let's have a look at Stannis' competition:
- Dany
A young girl with little experience ruling, the Westerosi equivalent of nukes, and a tenuous grip on sanity. She's female, her father went power crazy and started killing people, she can't control her dragons, and her army is made up of slaves. It should come as no surprise that the nobles of Westeros won't exactly welcome her with open arms, forcing her to stage an invasion just to get close to ruling. Not to mention she's infertile, so when she dies there will be yet more drama over who succeeds her. Unstable would be the best way to describe both her rule, and Dany herself.
-
[Spoiler](/s "Aegon.")
[spoiler](/s "Having been raised to rule, and claiming to be the son of Rhaegar, who was much more popular and much less insane than this father, he would have a much easier time of convincing various Lords to his side. However, there's a good chance that he isn't who he claims he is, and his army is made up of sellswords, only a fraction of which actually made it to Westeros. Plus he hangs around with a Greyscale victim who might inadvertently infect him.")
- Tommen
A puppet ruler. controlled by his mother. Although getting him onto the Iron Throne would be no problem, since he already has it, keeping him on it is another thing entirely. If Cersei doesn't singlehandedly destroy the dynasty, the yes men she put on the Small Council will. Confidence in him is very low, since the tale of Tommen's parentage has also been spread far and wide, and though many people don't believe it, everyone knows it.
- Myrcella
Free from her mother's influence, and rightful queen under Dornish law, Myrcella would make a much stronger ruler than Tommen. However, her claim is under Dornish law only, so for her to be recognised by the rest of the realm Tommen would have to die. She's strong-willed, but I doubt that she would go along with killing her own brother. [Spoiler](/s "It is doubtful that even Dorne would support her fully, since they are also likely to back Aegon."). There is also the whole incest thing to contend with.
- Jon Snow
If R+L=J is true, then Jon would also have a claim on the throne. He would be backed by the North, due to his Stark blood, and has [Spoiler](/s "experience as a leader from being Lord Commander of the Night's Watch."). However, since he is a part of the Night's Watch, his oaths would forbid him from ruling. Even if he were to escape his vows somehow, and if R+L=J turns out to be true, he would still be a bastard. His claim would be very weak. [Spoiler](/s "He also might be dead.")
There are very few other real contenders for the throne. Gendry would have to find proof of his parentage, would still have a very weak claim, and would probably be just as bad a ruler as Robert. Rickon could become King in the North, but he's a child and believed dead. People seem to think that Sansa will become queen with Littlefinger backing her, but that involves trusting Littlefinger. Almost all of the various "x is a secret Targ" theories are stupid.
Compare those with Stannis the Mannis. He is an experienced leader, commander, and king. He rewards people based on merit rather than birth, and hates brown-nosers. He prefers to act based on honor, but will not let it bind him when the stakes are higher. He leaps to defend the realm from the Others rather than continuing to squabble over the throne. He actually is the rightful king of Westeros. He has Melisandre, who can do legit magic, and a good chunk of the realm already recognises him as king, so he doesn't have to climb over a mountain of corpses to get to the throne.
Change my view.
_____
> *Hello, users of CMV! This is a footnote from your moderators. We'd just like to remind you of a couple of things. Firstly, please remember to* ***[read through our rules](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/rules)***. *If you see a comment that has broken one, it is more effective to report it than downvote it. Speaking of which,* ***[downvotes don't change views](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/guidelines#wiki_upvoting.2Fdownvoting)****! If you are thinking about submitting a CMV yourself, please have a look through our* ***[popular topics wiki](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/populartopics)*** *first. Any questions or concerns? Feel free to* ***[message us](http://www.reddit.com/message/compose?to=/r/changemyview)***. *Happy CMVing!* | 33 | "Stannis is pure iron, black and hard and strong, yes, but brittle, the way iron gets. He'll break before he bends."
Stannis has repeatedly shown himself incapable of compromise no matter what is at stake. Knowing himself capable of assassinating Renly, he could have waited a few days and inherited the throne - yet his pride demanded that he be the conqueror. Knowing Robb's position he could have permitted Robb to be King in the North but to swear fealty to him as the greater King of all Westeros - but such verbal quibbling was unseemly for the man to whom all should bow without question.
Stannis has extensive military experience, but none in ruling. The men loyal to him dwindle each year as he drives them away with cruel demands or kills them for their faith. He does not care about his people, only about power.
Stannis is flying a red hawk, foreign to the Kingdom. Should he take the Throne he will hardly keep his religion a personal preference - he has shown again and again that he will impose it everywhere he rules, and will burn Weirwoods and Septs alike. You worry about the mental instability of Dany, but Melisandre is far worse. She is a True Believer in a deity who shows her cryptic signs which she easily misinterprets.
In contrast, if Cersei's power can be weakened (and there is strong reason to believe it will, by force, by social shaming, or by death) then Tommen will rule under the influence of Margaery Tyrell. She cares about people, both her friends and the common folk. Her love is returned, and with her by Tommen's side he may reign quite well.
If the Great Winter comes, we will need a ruler who values agriculture and feeding the hungry. The Tyrells will be instrumental if any in Westeros are to survive. To crush them (as Stannis will if he rules) will be deadly. | 21 |
If I forget something in my short-term memory, will it ever come back to me in my long-term memory or is it gone forever? | For example, if I meet a guy who tells me he lives in *x* city, but a few days later I can't remember what city he lives in, will that information ever come back to me without me actively trying to recall it? | 21 | Short term memory is normally described as seconds. So if you forgot sonething after a few days thats yiur long term memory failing you.
And yes, your long term memory might recall something later that you thought you forgot.
Interestingly, and maybe helpfully. If you ever need to commit something to ltm you can repeat it aloud to yourself for 10 seconds. That should store it. | 28 |
Is there a philosophy (ontology) of economics? | I've been getting more and more interested in economics lately.
I'm reading a paper by an economist named Metcalfe, who criticizes more orthodox economists for being too committed to [methodological atomism](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/methodological-individualism/). Metcalfe proposes that "the economy" and its dynamics are actually an emergent property. It seems that what he's getting at is almost like a Platonic view or some kind of object oriented ontology ala Graham Harman. "The economy" is a real object, not just the aggregate of all its pieces (like labor+ capital + inputs + outputs+...). In other words, its irreducible. If this is true, then the assumption in contemporary orthodox economics of methodological atomism is wrong, and can have major implications about how we view economics as a discipline, and affect the kinds of policies we enact as well.
&#x200B;
I found this all very interesting, and noticed that economists tend to ignore these kinds of discussions. Economics is often framed as a purely quantitative science. The underlying ontological assumptions are ignored and rarely discussed. Is there more literature to look to on this or similar subjects? | 15 | According to a certain reading (Lukacs and Adorno, for example), this is precisely what Marx is doing: What is called the "the economy" and "the market" in liberal economics is really grounded by the metaphysical status of the commodity and value itself - that it is, the eradication of the particular through the universalization of bourgeois universality. | 15 |
[MCU] Why Won't the Avengers Travel Back to the Moment Before Thanos Atomized the Stones? | Well, it seems that it have been exactly 6 months after the release, or 7, so I don't have to put a spoiler warning here according to the rules. Several months ago, HISHE poked fun at this, when Youtube recommended this video to me again few days ago, I rewatched it and decided to ask people online.
Why won't the Avengers just travel to the final stage of the Battle of Wakanda or the moment before Thanos atomized the stones? This way, Black Widow wouldn't have to die, and because Thanos would be killed, Tony wouldn't have to sacrifice himself because the gauntlet is completed (or nearly completed) at this point, they can have all 6 stones in one go. Thanos would also be without his army, armor, and sword, and if the Avengers decided to travel back after the first snap, Thanos would most likely be too weak to win in a fight against the Avengers - if anything, they could probably talk their alternate selves into fighting Thanos, doubling their manpower. Is this a simple plot hole or there's justification for the Avengers to go with this decision? | 26 | Too risky. Fighting a fully armed Thanos is a massive gamble that they lost the first time around. All it takes is for him to recognize the attack and close his fist and they probably lose. It's much safer to travel back in time where they can grab the stones with as little resistance as possible. And even that was risky, as someone ended up dead and they brought Thanos to the future. | 76 |
[AWOIAF] Why doesn't Maester Yandel dedicate a single chapter of his work to the lands between Old Valyria and the Red Wastes? | Slavers Bay, Tolos, Lhazar, Qarth. None get much more than passing mention in relation to other lands. | 33 | He didn't have access to that information.
He never left the citadel, and the citadel had more books than he could read. So he assembled the information from the book he'd read, he knew of and subsequently read, or otherwise had access to and read. Even some of the scrolls and books he'd read were incomplete, damaged, or otherwise lacked the information needed to form a complete, all encompassing encyclopedia of knowledge.
He didn't, however, travel to witness these things first hand. | 20 |
Why is Internet Explorer inferior to other browsers? | I've used IE since my family purchased our first PC in 1998. I've never had any problems with it. I've used Firefox and Chrome on other people's computers and I honestly can't tell the difference between them and IE. Maybe that's because I'm not much of a technology person, maybe it's because there were huge differences and I just wasn't paying attention, but either way, I have no idea why people make a big deal out of it.
So please, being as specific as possible, explain to me what makes IE so bad. | 58 | To explain like you're 5: Internet Explorer is like the kid who eats paste during arts and crafts and can't follow basic instructions from the teacher. He can't color inside the lines and barely knows how to read (do 5 year olds know how to read? sorry, maybe ELI10). Not to mention his poor hygiene which causes him to get sick and pass it along to the rest of the class.
To be fair, his parents and teachers have talked to him about his problems and he been significantly more well-behaved in recent years, but he may still need some counselling.
---
To explain like you're actually an adult: IE has, historically, not been standards-compliant. Web developers often have to code around IE peculiarities to get their sites to work correctly. And, unfortunately, IE also historically has the largest market share due to it coming pre-installed and default on a majority of the world's computers. So it's not something web developers can just easily ignore.
IE has also historically been very insecure - susceptible to things like drive-by downloads and other exploits which can give your computer viruses.
Also, IE6 was the latest version of IE for...quite some time (citation needed)... and lacked several features of all other modern browsers, most visually tabbed browsing.
Fortunately, IE7/8/9 have been getting progressively better. I'd say 8 and 9 are actually pretty usable. I'd say most people are just still sore over IE6 at this point. | 76 |
ELI5: Why my dad points the pedestal fan outwards to cool down the house? | No idea why, but my dad faces the fan outside my window, shouldn't it be facing inside to cool down the house? | 32 | Putting the fan on you causes a breeze which cools you down. Pointing the fan out is blowing the hot air out, thereby causing negative air pressure inside the house and forcing fresh air to flow in.
So, if it is hotter outside than in, point your fan at you. If it is hotter inside than out, point your fan out. | 42 |
[Star Wars] What's life like on a Star Destroyer? | 46 | Most of the time very cramped, uncomfortable, and a little smelly, especially as an enlistedman. Regardless of whether you work in the power-plant, weapons, deck department, or what have you, you most likely hot-bunk (share your bunk with one or two other crewman who sleep in your space while you are on watch) due to the premium placed on space and room. The ship probably smells pretty funky most of the time thanks to the recycled air and everyone having to limit their showers due to limited amounts of freshwater.
In addition to your actual "job" you like have several other duties to perform which may include anything from latrine detail to firefighting. usually once a day the Captain will "beat to quarters" or call for battle stations in which case every member of the crew will go to their assigned task and location as if contact were made or imminent with the enemy.
What little free time you have is likely spent in the galley, gym, or an open part of the flight deck for some sort of organized activity like sports. | 49 |
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[Star Wars] Were there any 'good' Sith? | As far as my understanding goes, *Sith* only refers to the use of the dark side of the force over the light side. Has there been any record of a good Sith? Or at least, a sith that wasn't out and out evil? | 34 | Many, if not most, who turn to the dark side originally do it out of a desire to do good. Revan sought to unite the galaxy against a terrible threat. Vader wanted the power to save the one he loved. Even Palpatine envisioned an age of order and prosperity for the galaxy. The problem is that tapping into the dark side - twisting the living Force to your will - is itself an abuse of power, and once you've crossed that line it becomes easier to cross the next, and the next, and so on. Small cruelties lead to greater ones. | 73 |
How does sun bleaching work? | I get the science of how we see color via reflected light but I'm genuinely curious about how if an object is left in the sun for an extended period of time it will seemingly lose its color. How does it happen and what causes it? | 24 | The UV in the sun is pretty damaging and will chemically decompose many compounds (like dyes - whether artificial or natural) If you leave plastic out in the sun, the UV will usually make it brittle and yellowed fairly quickly unless the plastic is designed for outdoor use. | 25 |
ELI5: How does my ISP (that has an offer on data only for a specific website) know that I am using the internet for that specific website and not others? | 19 | For the most part, it's quite similar to post. They know you're sending letters, and who you're sending them to, and they know you're receiving letters, and where they're coming from, but they (assuming HTTPS) don't know what's inside the envelopes.
They need to know where the letters are going though, otherwise they wouldn't get delivered to the right places | 38 |
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ELI5: why are spicy things so much spicier when it touches your throat in a wrong way/ goes down the wrong hole? | 60 | Because our saliva dilutes and surrounds capsaicin molecules, protecting our digesting tract. Swallowing it "wrong" usually means that it touched our throat without a saliva layer. Even worse when we mistakenly inhale some. | 37 |
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Who cares if moral realism is true? | I've never seen this assumption formalized in the literature, but it seems to me that there is a general feeling that it is "important" whether moral realism is true or not. Without being overly-general about the personal values of individual philosophers, the potential truth of moral realism seems to carry more weight than the potential truth of, say, some obscure and technical mereological theory: that is, if moral realism is true, then we expect it to have a significant impact on how we view humans and human action, and we expect it to have an appreciable impact on our own behavior.
Upon further analysis, however, I'm not convinced that this position is correct. Suppose that at least some moral facts are true, and that humans are capable of learning the truth of these facts. Why should these facts alone influence anyone's behavior, in any situation? It may be the case that the true correct theory of morality entails that if an agent does X and X is wrong, then that agent will be harmed, and that constitutes a good argument for why you should not do X; but if the set of actions that are morally wrong is just a subset of the actions that will harm you, then shouldn't we just dispense with trying to find a metaphysical account of moral properties and simply focus on describing the actions which are personally/socially harmful? The addition of a moral property adds nothing; people can only be compelled to act by physical properties. Someone may decide that they want to act in accordance with moral properties, but this decision seems arbitrary.
I suppose I'm getting at the oft-repeated thesis that moral facts must be causally inert, but instead of using this as an argument against moral realism, I'm simply pointing out that this means we shouldn't really care about moral realism. Knowing that an action is wrong or right seems to be as irrelevant as knowing that the action is occurring X miles from the sun. Now, you could certainly still be interested in whether moral properties exist or not for purely intellectual reasons, but as I pointed out in the beginning, I don't think that people are interested in moral realism for purely intellectual reasons. They want something more out of it.
To sum up: should the truth or falsity of moral realism affect my behavior, and how? Is it possible for moral facts to be causally efficacious? | 16 | The view that moral facts would necessarily affect behavior is called motivational internalism. Basically, just by learning some moral fact, you automatically have a motive, though not necessarily overriding, toward some end. Most moral realists reject this view because it seems impossible for any facts to behave like this.
A more developed view, reasons internalism, states that learning some moral fact necessarily gives you a reason to act in some way. Giving you a reason to act perhaps (on some moral realists' accounts) gives you a motive to act insofar as you are rational.
If moral realism and reasons internalism are true, then moral facts should affect your behavior so long as you are rational. The question whether these are true is important because the answer shows whether we have the authority to determine our own reasons, or there is some independent authority that gives us reasons (with the stipulation that some, like Korsgaard, think we have the authority to determine our own reasons but rationality is such that we necessarily give ourselves moral reasons). | 10 |
If a bottle is completely filled with water and I shake it. Does the water still move inside? | 11,550 | If it's completely filled such that there's no air, the bottle is completely rigid, theres no particulate, and *you don't rotate it* the water will effectively be like a rigid body and not move at all. You need some kind of force differential to get things to move relative to one another, and assuming the fluid to be incompressible it's sort of like shaking a cylinder of solid metal.
If you apply angular momentum though, the fluid wants to stay at rest, but the other fluid is driven by friction, and you create a shear stress in the fluid. Unlike a solid, a fluid deforms in the presence of any shear stress. | 7,956 |
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CMV: The term elope does not include the concept of getting married in a court house and having a small gathering with family and friends afterwards | Pretty simple concept here. I don’t believe semantic change has come so far as to have the term elope change so drastically that it now can be applied to something small and local.
Elope, as defined by the Oxford dictionary is:
>> run away secretly in order to get married, especially without parental consent
What I’m seeing is folks are using the term elope as a catch all for anything that is a non traditional wedding. This seems to include going to the local court house to make the marriage legal and then having a small party to celebrate with family and friends. To me, this doesn’t fit either of the term Elope’s criteria, of leaving nor being secret.
I’m also seeing it being marketed as a term that roughly is the same as destination wedding, but with a sexier, en vogue term, of “modern eloping”.
To further specify, I’m specifically referring to folks who are publicly known to be a couple and publicly engaged running through this process.
[For reference as to where this started in AITA](https://www.reddit.com/r/AmItheAsshole/comments/qajjme/aita_for_refusing_to_be_my_best_friends_moh_after/hh3ta4n/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=ios_app&utm_name=iossmf&context=3) | 261 | Words are defined by usage, not dictionaries. So if people are using the term as a catch-all for any non-traditional wedding then the meaning of the term has shifted from being strictly about secretly running away to get married. | 79 |
What are "Artificial Flavors" made out of? | I assume its chemicals, but what kind? How did food scientists go about determining which chemicals tasted like pizza or cherry? Why are artificial flavors so common in processed foods? | 87 | Organic compuounds are usually used as artificial flavors. Flavors are extracted from the natural source and studied. Once the structure of the molecule that produces the flavor is known a synthetic substitue can usually be made. This is done to cut costs associated with processing natural flavors.
Here are some chemicals and their odors:
Diacetyl **Buttery**,
Isoamyl acetate **Banana**,
Benzaldehyde **Bitter almond**,
Cinnamic aldehyde **Cinnamon**,
Ethyl propionate **Fruity**,
Methyl anthranilate **Grape**,
Limonene **Orange**,
Ethyl-2,4-decadienoate **Pear**,
Allyl hexanoate **Pineapple**,
Ethyl maltol **Sugar** ,
Ethylvanillin **Vanilla**,
Methyl salicylate **Wintergreen**, | 56 |
CMV: The “Don’t Say Gay” bill does not discriminate against the LGBT community | First, the bill is called “Florida House Bill 1557: Parental Rights in Education”. From my understanding, the part that is the most controversial is the fact that it prohibits the discussion of sexual orientation and gender identity in classroom settings from kindergarten to third grade.
I think this is exactly as it should be. Kids are only 5-8 in these grades. This bill doesn’t limit sexual education in any way as it allows for the typical sex ed classes in middle/high school.
Even if you think discussions about sexual orientation and gender identity should take place prior to middle school, this bill also limits the discussion of heterosexuality and cis gender identity, so this doesn’t harm LGBT people any more than it does straight people. | 784 | Sexual orientation and gender identity aren't just or even mostly about sexual intercourse. For example, discussing a person with two fathers or two mothers, a person in a same-sex relationship, romantic feelings, etc would be "banned", all while it's perfectly fine to have the same discussions about opposite-sex relationships.
How is that not discriminatory? | 1,700 |
[DC] Where did the meteor that gave Vandal Savage his immortality come from? | 34 | Outer space.
Seriously, nobody knows anything about that meteor. Savage himself was just a caveman then. And while he gained super-intelligence and immortality, he didn't instantly gain *knowledge*. It would have taken him a while to figure out how the world works. It's still just a weird rock to him until much, much later. It's not like he instantly knew he was immortal and that the rock had caused it.
By the time Vandal Savage figured out what had caused his changes, the meteor itself was long lost to history. | 54 |
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