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a number of studies using endothelin et precursors commonly termed big ets have revealed the presence of endothelinconverting enzyme ece activity in various V1 and nonvascular preparations since then more than one ece has been cloned it has also been observed that big et and big et are not converted by the same enzyme the ece responsible for big et conversion is rarely present because big et does not induce a contractile response in most isolated preparations tested in this T0 we characterized ece MICs present in two human preparations the umbilical i.a. and vein testing the contractile MICs of the three human big ets in the presence or absence of phosphoramidon a dual eceneutral endopeptidase inhibitor the results show that human big et is fold more potent than big et in the human umbilical artery an eta preparation whereas big et is equipotent to big et in the vein which contains eta and etb receptors human big et is inactive on both vessels furthermore phosphoramidon attenuated human big etinduced contractions only in the umbilical i.a. and not in the vein such observations in terms of ATP selectivity and phosphoramidon sensitivity suggest the presence of and significantly higher hearing aid use however the response rate was lower than in the geriatric group compared to and no knowledge of HA use was registered in the home service by this procedure in the geriatric group a rho was found between practical ability and use and satisfaction with the hearing aid however two thirds of the group were dependent on lasting help for the handling of the aid most patients in this group were already known by the hospital and home service and the individual home help showed an interest in learning about hearing aid use home fitting by a joint audiological and geriatric effort in collaboration with the home help has proven feasible and valuable to both patient and home help D2 cooperation is recommended between the health care and the social sector concerning hearing aid use
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a ria was developed for the measurement of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor iranf in avian plasma and was used to investigate the relationship between vascular volume and plasma iranf concentrations in conscious pekin ducks in normally hydrated birds the mean plasma iranf concentration was pgml blood volume expansion by iv infusion of isotonic saline at mlmin elevated iranf concentrations by T3 h and by T3 h reduction of the vascular volume by nonhypotensive hemorrhage of and then of the total blood volume reduced iranf C2 by and respectively min T3 blood removal was completed similarly in birds deprived of water for h and with blood volume reduced by plasma iranf concentrations were lower than in the same euhydrated animals the observed correlation between plasma iranf concentrations and VV is consistent with the concept that anf has a physiological role in avian volume homeostasis
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the paper suggests that the conventional wisdoms that we cannot and should not predict violence are wrong we can predict violence and we should predict violence it is the unfortunate case however that we cannot do it very well and this is true whether the predictions are made subjectively or statistically since the prediction of violence and of other antisocial behaviors is so pervasive in our justice and MH systems it is important that we attempt to do it betterthat is more efficiently and more effectively in this paper we show that there is value to both clinical and statistical strategies toward the prediction problem and suggest ways by which both may be improved attention to issues of fundamental measurement to the base rate to selection ratios and to the methods of combining predictive information will be needed if the suggested improvements are to be realized finally we propose that the statistician and the clinician need to pay attention to and learn from one another
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diagnosis and prognosis of PD atherosclerosis evolution currently rely on plaque morphology and vessel stenosis degree such information can accurately be assessed with intravascular ultrasound ivus imaging a severe complication of coronary artery atherosclerosis is thrombosis a consequence of PI rupture or fissure which might lead to myocardial infarction and sudden ICM death PI rupture is a complicated mechanical process correlated with the plaque morphology composition mechanical properties and with the blood pressure extracting information on the PI local mechanical properties may reveal relevant features about plaque vulnerability accordingly endovascular elastography eve was introduced to complement ivus for investigating PD diseases in this article in vivo elastographic data are reported for three patients patient patient and patient who were diagnosed with severe coronary artery stenoses timesequence RF rf data were acquired in the minutes preceding angioplasty using an ultrasound scanner working with a mhz mechanical rotating singleelement transducer the elastograms of the radial CS and radial shear distributions within the vessel wall were computed from pairs of successive rf images using the lagrangian estimator le a hard atherosclerotic PI low radial CS and shear was identified in patient high radial strain and shear values in the PI areas for patient and patient suggested the presence of lipid cores soft materials known to be pronetorupture sites wtudy consisted of three phases a twoweek assessment phase a twoweek crosstaper phase onto olanzapinerisperidone and a tenweek period of maintenance on olanzapinerisperidone the proportion of cocainepositive urines decreases over time for both CG with a trend for a greater reduction for the olanzapine group compared to risperidone group in the last six weeks marijuana craving was more likely for the ris group compared to the olanzapine group although there was no group difference in the proportion of negative marijuana urines the data suggest some potential for the utility of olanzapine for the treatment of cocaine dependence in individuals with schizophrenia
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Si exposure has been implicated with the development of various connective tissue diseases we report a case of yearold stone crusher who developed silicosis with mixed connective tissue disorder mctd years after exposure to silica this association of silicosis with mctd has never been reported from the indian subcontinent although the problem of this pneumoconiosis remains rampant this rare association urges us to report this case
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we investigated whether octogenarian patients with AML one enrolled onto cooperative group PCTs and treated with intensive induction therapy could be cured and whether karyotype and selected molecular markers had any prognostic significance in these patients among patients with cytogenetic information normal karyotype was the most common followed by complex karyotype and sole among these patients the RFS survival rate at year was and at years and the respective overall survival rates were and whereas the patients who survived beyond days had the same relapsefree survival rates their year and year overall survival rates were and respectively of the patients surviving beyond days who could be classified into european leukemianet genetic CG those in the intermediatei group had better overall survival than patients in the adverse group p among patients with cytogenetically normal AML one who were tested for the EU leukemianetassociated molecular alterations fltinternal tandem duplication and npm mutations it was found that fltinternal tandem duplication detected in of patients did not associate with overall survival p whereas npm mutations were associated with a significantly longer overall survival p we conclude that intensive induction is effective and indicated in selected octogenarians with AML one that their overall survival varies among the EU leukemianet genetic groups and that npm mutations may be of prognostic significance among octogenarian patients with cytogenetically normal AML one
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reports of acute splenic sequestration crises in adults with sickle cell hemoglobin SC or sickle cell thalassemia are rare although an enlarged and distensible SP persists in half of these patients seven episodes of acute splenic sequestration crises in four adults two with sickle SC and two with sickle thal are described the crises were lifethreatening and recurrent in all but there were no fatalities one patient had mild steadystate thrombocytopenia suggesting hypersplenism technetium msulfur colloid scanning of the SP during the acute splenic sequestration crises in three patients showed almost total lack of splenic uptake or decreased uptake with intrasplenic filling defects thought to be splenic infarcts or hematomas on followup computed tomographic scanning the scanning abnormalities resolved following REC from the crises acute splenic sequestration crises probably are common in adults with sickle c disease and sickle thal but may be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as splenic infarctions the hematologic and splenic findings during acute splenic sequestration crises resemble those following splenic vein ligation in animals
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the purpose of this study was to describe the acute changes in pulmonary function and volumes induced by running in a simulated normobaric hypoxic environment eleven men x years kg ran miles run time approximately equal to min under normoxic n and hypoxic h conditions a po aerobic exerciser was used to approximate an altitude of m pio mm hg impedance cardiography was used to measure cardiac SO and segmental transthoracic impedance zo was used to identify thoracic fluid shifts similar reductions in vital capacity and increases in residual volume occurred T3 the n and h runs with no NC in TLC flow rates PLB air or heo closing volume and CC did not NC the dlco BH maneuver caused a significant fall in pulmonary blood flow after running but diffusing capacity appeared to be unaffected no changes occurred in zo at the apex middle or base of the lung T3 either run the hypoxic pulmonary pressor response failed to modify the pulmonary changes observed after equivalent normoxic exercise the lung volume changes subsequent to either run were due to expiratory limitation previous speculation of an exerciseinduced interstitial edema could not be confirmed
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sentinel node biopsy snb has been established as standard of surgical care in primary breast cancer if the sentinel node sn is negative AD alnd is not necessary but if the sn is positive alnd is warranted this analysis evaluated associated risk AF for nonsentinel metastases in the case of a positive sn
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some genes are expressed exclusively in the rat brain many of which contain a genetic PE called an identifier CS located in at least one of their introns the ID sequences are transcribed by rna polymerase iii exclusively in neurons to produce two rna species bc and bc of and to nucleotides this transcriptional event may define regions of chromatin that contain neuronalspecific genes and may poise these genes for transcription by polymerase ii by rendering the gene promoters accessible to soluble transacting molecules
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various CP drug conjugates such as PQ and dihydroartemisinin conjugated propoxy substituted polyphosphazenes PQ and dihydroartemisinin conjugated acetamidophenoxy substituted polyphosphazenes primaquine and dihydroartemisinin conjugated formyl substituted polyphosphazenes and primaquine and dihydroartemisinin conjugated aminoethylbenzoate substituted polyphosphazenes were synthesized using substituted polyphosphazenes as CP and primaquine and dihydroartemisinin as combination antimalarial pharmacophores and formulated to nanoparticles to achieve novel controlled combined drug delivery RPA for radical cure of malaria the polymeric backbone was suitably substituted to impart different physicochemical properties the polymerdrug conjugates were characterized by ir h nmr p nmr and their molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography the thermal properties of the conjugates were studied by dsc and tga the conjugates were then formulated to nanoparticles formulations to increase their uptake by hepatocytes and to achieve targeted drug delivery the nanoparticle formulations were characterized by zeta sizer and their morphology were studied by tem transmission electron microscopy imaging the nanoparticles formulations exhibited biphasic in vitro drug PR profile the initial burst PR followed by a sustained release owing to the nonfickian diffusion during first step PR and fickian DWI during second step release in vivo antimalarial tau was tested using plasmodium berghei nk resistant strain INF swiss albino mice at different doses the combination therapy exhibited promising antimalarial tau at lower doses in comparison to the standard drug combination further this combination therapy provided protection over days without any recrudescence thus proving to be ERP against resistant malaria the study provides an alternative combination regimen found to be effective in the treatment of resistant malaria
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in decapod crustaceans molting is controlled by the pulsatile release of moltinhibiting hormone mih from NSC in the xorgansinus gland xosg complex in the eyestalk ganglia esg a drop in mih PR triggers molting by activating the molting gland or yorgan yo posttranscriptional mechanisms ultimately control mih levels in the hemolymph neurotransmittermediated electrical activity controls ca
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acute and chronic effects of smoking were studied in healthy men current smokers exsmokers and nonsmokers had significantly different maximum Vmax at low lung volume v max confirming that smoking chronically impairs small airways function T3 smoking one cigarette respiratory system resistance was increased in all subjects suggesting C1 airways constriction frequency dependence of compliance fdc was increased T3 smoking one cigarette in those subjects who had little baseline fdc regardless of smoking history these changes were partially reversed by inhalation of metaproterenol these findings suggest that smoking narrows C1 airways in all subjects and also small airways in those subjects without small airways disease
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we investigated whether gene transfer into hematopoietic cells could be achieved by direct injection of retroviral vector supernatant into the bone marrow space of newborn sheep six sheep weeks old were injected bilaterally with either ml of gnbgsvna vector supernatant titer x in each hip n or with ml of the same vector preparationhip n in addition one monthold sheep was injected unilaterally with ml of the same vector preparation blood and marrow of these animals were analyzed for the transgene before injection and at intervals thereafter at week postinjection an average of of the lymphocytes and of the granulocytesmonocytes in the marrow and an average of of the lymphocytes and of the granulocytesmonocytes in the blood contained and expressed the lacz gene the presenceexpression of the transgene has persisted for at least months within the blood and bone marrow of these animals these findings demonstrate that the direct i.t. of small volumes of hightiter retroviral supernatant into the bone marrow of newborn sheep results in transduction of hematopoietic cells that persists for at least months PI
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modulating effects of genetic and environmental risk factors on severity of human ABD aortic aneurysm aaa tissue inflammation remain unclear we investigated the influence of total plasma homocysteine thcy and traditional atherosclerotic risk factors arf on degree of aaa tissue inflammation
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a physical modeling method for electronic music synthesis of pluckedstring tones by using recurrent networks is proposed a scattering recurrent network srn which is used to analyze string dynamics is built based on the physics of acoustic strings the measured vibration of a plucked string is employed as the training data for the supervised learning of the srn T3 the network is well trained it can be regarded as the virtual model for the measured string and used to generate tones which can be very close to those generated by its acoustic counterpart the virtual string corresponding to the srn can respond to different plucks just like a real string which is impossible using traditional synthesis techniques such as frequency modulation and wavetable the simulation of modeling a cello astring demonstrates some encouraging results of the new music synthesis technique some aspects of modeling and synthesis procedures are also discussed
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the present study aimed to determine the prevalence and mechanisms of macrolidelincosamide ml resistance in staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows with clinical mastitis MICs mic of ml antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution technique inducible ml resistance phenotype by the d test and ml resistance genes by pcr assay the isolates showed a high level of resistance to erythromycin azithromycin spiramycin tylosin tilmicosin and clindamycin macrolidelincosamide mic values were or mgl inducible ml resistance iml phenotype was detected in of isolates in erythromycinresistant err strains methylase genes ermb and ermc efflux gene msramsrb and inactivating enzyme genes lnua and mphc were present alone or in various combinations with ermb and ermc genes predominating this is the first report of ml resistance genes ermb mrsamrsb and mphc in s aureus isolated from bovine mastitis the occurrence of high C2 of resistance to ml antibiotics among the s aureus isolates and the high rate of iml phenotype indicate that AGA alternative antibiotics should be prescribed for treating bovine mastitis caused by s aureus furthermore significant differences in the conformations of lactone rings of and membered macrolides could explain why some isolates with a constitutive ml resistance cml phenotype were CS to membered macrolides alone the different interaction of the membered macrolides with the s ribosomal S1 is also presumably the reason why the susceptibility results of tilmcosin differed from those of tylosin and spiramycin
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primary progressive multiple sclerosis can present with a wide variety of symptoms we report a case of a yearold man presenting with visual symptoms and gait impairment in whom a diagnosis of a PPMS was established symptomatic treatment with dalfampridine was started but did not result in a considerable improvement gait disorders in multiple sclerosis are common and can have a considerable effect over the patient׳s SQ of life dalfampridine is the first drug approved for the symptomatic treatment of gait in ms although only a of patients show an objective response to this medication primary progressive multiple sclerosis represents a therapeutic challenge currently there are no disease modifying treatments approved but there are several medications undergoing assessment for this indication further research in the underlying pathophysiology of ppms will help us develope more successful diseasemodifying treatments meanwhile a symptomatic RPA should be offered in order to improve the patient׳s quality of life
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clinical management of comorbidities is a challenge especially in a clinical decision support setting as it requires the safe and efficient reconciliation of multiple diseasespecific clinical procedures to formulate a comorbid therapeutic plan that is both ERP and safe for the patient in this paper we pursue the integration of multiple diseasespecific CPGs cpg in order to manage comorbidities within a computerized CDS system cdss we present a cpg integration frameworktermed as comet comorbidity ontological modeling execution that manifests a knowledge management approach to model computerize and integrate multiple cpg to yield a comorbid cpg knowledge model that upon execution can provide evidencebased recommendations for handling comorbid patients comet exploits semantic web technologies to achieve a cpg knowledge synthesis to translate a paperbased cpg to diseasespecific clinical pathways cp that include specialized comorbidity management procedures based on input from domain experts b cpg knowledge modeling to computerize the diseasespecific cp using a comorbidity cpg ontology c cpg knowledge integration by aligning multiple ontologicallymodeled cp to develop a unified comorbid cpg knowledge model and e cpg knowledge execution using reasoning engines to derive cpgmediated recommendations for managing patients with comorbidities we present a webaccessible comet cdss that provides family physicians with cpgmediated comorbidity decision support to manage atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure we present our qualitative and quantitative analysis of the knowledge content and usability of comet cdss
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we have examined the nutritional and insulin regulation of the mrna expression of transmembrane fatty acid fa transporters fa transport protein fatp and cd together with the lipoprotein lipase lpl the cytosolic fa carrier fa IB protein fabp and mitochondrial facoa and carnitine palmitoyl transferase carriers cpt and in atlantic salmon tissues and myocyte CC two weeks of fasting diminished fatp cd and lpl in AT suggesting a reduction in fa uptake while fabp increased in liver probably enhancing the transport of fa to the mitochondria insulin i.t. decreased fatp and cd in WG and red muscles while both transporters were upregulated in the adipose tissue in PA with the role of insulininhibiting muscle fa oxidation and stimulating adipose fat stores SS deprivation of h in atlantic salmon myotubes increased fatp fabp and cpt w mrna taken together our results indicate that tpr plays an important role in SQ control of mrna trafficked on the nxf pathway
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we sought to describe neonatal morbidities and therapeutic interventions in very lowbirthweight vlbw and extremely lowbirthweight elbw infants cared for in spanish hospitals we preformed a prospective collection of data covering the perinatal period until discharge by the sen network this network set up by the spanish society of neonatology targets vlbw and elbw infants to g admitted to neonatal units in spanish hospitals data were recorded in electronic form and controlled for possible PE or inconsistencies before analysis we report data for neonates admitted to neonatal units from january to december prenatal steroids were given to significantly more newborns in to than in although the remaining perinatal data examined failed to significantly vary delivery was by cesarean section in of cases but significantly lower for infants under a postmenstrual age of weeks hyaline TMD was diagnosed in of the newborns and BPD bpd in mechanical ventilation was employed in surfactant in and steroids for bpd in intraventricular hemorrhage grades to and cystic leukomalacia were the most relevant brain ultrasonography findings rates of early and lateonset septicemia were and respectively further diagnoses were NEC nec and persistent ductus arteriosus pda of the cases of nec and of those of pda required surgery in addition of the newborns required supplementary oxygen at days of life the number of newborns who had not recovered their birth weight at this age fell from in to in rates of prenatal steroid use cesarean delivery and main morbidities were comparable to figures cited for other patient series although our bpd rate was among the lowest reported and nosocomial sepsis rate among the highest
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the hz auditory steadystate responses assrs of medicated schizophrenic patients were recorded in eyesopen and eyesclosed conditions as previously done in healthy volunteers patients show significantly increased precision of the evoked response with eyes closed and a significant increase of broadband noise activity when eyes are open
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the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical advantages of a singlestage correction of imperforate anus with a rectourethral or a rectovestibula fistula in neonates by a semiposterior sagittal anorectoplasty psarp the medical records of neonates females and males who had imperforate anus with a rectourethral or a rectovestibula fistula were reviewed and analyzed in childrens hospital of fudan university between january and july all patients had an anorectal malformation but without obvious sacral dysplasia the first group had a singlestage psarp without a colostomy all neonates were fullterm without severe cardiac renal anomalies or severe ABD distension the second group had a staged peña procedure the neonates were not suitable for a singlestage psarp because of severe ABD distention or cardiac renal anomalies a transverse colostomy was performed followed months later by the peña procedure and colostomy o compare the results between biliopancreatic diversion bpd with distal gastrectomy dg versus bpd with DS ds
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fertilization is CR once the parental genomes unite and requires the migration of the egg nucleus to the sperm nucleus female and male PN respectively on microtubules within the inseminated egg neither the molecular mechanism of pronucleus binding to MTs nor the role of motor proteins in regulating pronuclear motility has been fully characterized and the failure of zygotic development in some patients suggests that they contribute to human infertility based on the minusend direction of female pronuclear migration we propose a role for cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin in associating with the pronuclear env and mediating genomic union our results show that dynein intermediate and HCs preferentially concentrate around the female PN whereas dynactin subunits pglued p and p localize to the surfaces of both PN transfection of antibodies against dynein and dynactin block female PN migration in zygotes both parthenogenetic activation in oocytes and microtubule depolymerization in zygotes significantly reduce the localization of dynein to the female PN but do not inhibit the pronuclear association of dynactin when immunoprecipitated from zygotes pglued associates with nuclear pore complex proteins as well as the intermediate filament vimentin and dynein antibodies against nucleoporins and vimentin inhibit PN apposition when transfected into zygotes we conclude that preferentially localized dynein and perinuclear dynactin associate with the nuclear pore complex and vimentin and are required to mediate genomic union these data suggest a MM in which dynein accumulates and binds to the female PN on sperm aster MTs where it interacts with dynactin nucleoporins and vimentin
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sera from nmrinih mice were tested for the presence of igm and igg antisporozoite antibodies using the IFA ifat both igm and igg antibody titres were related to the number of immunizations with irraditionattenuated plasmodium berghei sporozoites and protection from challenge with subsequent nonattenuated sporozoites correlated with the prechallenge antibody titre sera taken five days following challenge showed marked reductions in antibody titres except for the group receiving the maximum four immunizations CG immunized with frozen sporozoites or mosquito tissue antigen developed neither antibodies to sporozoites nor protective immunity nor did animals infected with parasitized blood however sera from mice immunized four times with attenuated sporozoites demonstrated ifa titres to bloodstage antigens the results show that both igm and igg antisporozoite antibodies could be detected in mice immunized with attenuatedsporozoites by ifat and that the antibody titres correlated with protective immunity cross reaction with bloodstage antigens occurred but the test should still prove useful
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primaquine was firstly synthesized in in the usa and is the most representative member of the antimalarial aminoquinolines six decades have passed and PQ is still the only transmissionblocking antimalarial clinically available displaying a marked activity against gametocytes of all species of human malaria including multiresistant plasmodium falciparum strains primaquine is also effective against all exoerythrocytic forms of the parasite and is used in conjunction with other antimalarials for the treatment of vivax and ovale malaria however primaquine is often associated with serious adverse effects in consequence of its toxic metabolites hydroxyprimaquine or methoxyaminoquinoline has been considered to be directly responsible for complications such as hemolytic anemia primaquine toxicity is aggravated in people deficient of gl phosphate dehydrogenase or glutathione synthetase adverse effects are further amplified by the fact that primaquine must be repeatedly po at high doses due to its limited oral bioavailability over the last two decades medicinal chemists have battled against primaquines disadvantages while keeping or even improving its unequalled performance as an antimalarial the present text revisits PQ and its properties on the occasion of its th anniversary and aims to give a GA overview of what has been the path towards the OD of effective and safe primaquinebased antimalarials presently aablaquine and tafenoquine the two most promising PQ analogues are already in the final stages of PCTs against plasmodium vivax and p falciparum both EDC are a new hope against malaria and other primaquinesensitive illnesses such as pneumocystis pneumonia or the chagas disease
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the influence of exercise training on left ventricular performance was investigated by exercise twodimensional echocardiography in topranking japanese volleyball players and UT subjects left ventricular wall thickness and dimension were greater in the athletes than in the nonathletes the left ventricular wall thicknessinternal radius ratio however was nearly the same in both CG at rest HR rate the stroke area index fractional area and the cardiac index were significantly lower in the athletes than in the nonathletes during exercise HR rate was slower in the athletes at every exercise stress stage the stroke area index fractional area and the cardiac index increased linearly in the athletes although these indices of the nonathletes reached a plateau at the ME stage the double product at the last stage was greater in the athletes than in the nonathletes both groups did not differ as to segmental FAC of left VVI contraction at rest and during exercise serum norepinephrine concentration was significantly lower in the athletes than in the nonathletes at rest T3 exercise however the difference between the two groups was not apparent it is suspected that exercise training increased the exercise capacity due to an increase in the LVSP CF reserve the increment of cardiac vo max and the NC of blood flow CSD and generalized aerobic metabolism in various organs
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we evaluate the reliability validity and responsiveness of the fatigue severity scale fss and the fatigue impact scale fis and to determine whether these scales are potentially applicable for measuring fatigue in postpolio patients pps T3 the turkish adaptation of fss and fis using a forwardbackward procedure the scales were po to pps patients without additional health problems that may induce fatigue reliability studies were carried out by determination of ICC coefficient and internal consistency by the cronbachα coefficient validity was tested by withinscale analyses and analyses against the external criteria including convergent validity and discriminant validity correlations withup and support for policies that prevent the group from immigrating results are discussed in light of current theory related to stereotype content complementarity of stereotypes and broader implications for immigration attitudes and policy
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the best RPA to radioiodine dose selection in the treatment of graves hyperthyroidism remains highly controversial the formula to calculate the individual dose of i to be delivered has been used for half a century and takes into account the thyroid mass the effective halflife and the maximum uptake of i the objective of the present T0 was to evaluate the accuracy of this formula by determining the relationship between the administered dose of i calculated to deliver a target dose of gy to the thyroid and the actual exact organ dose we further analyzed if therapeutic success defined by euthyroidism following the individually calculated dose can be predicted by different pretreatment parameters and particularly by organ dose one hundred patients with a first episode of graves disease and who had received optimal thyroid irradiation T3 precise dosimetry were retrospectively reviewed the patients were categorized according to their thyroid function plasma free thyroxine t serum concentration as eu hyper or hypothyroid during and year after treatment the relationship between the po dose and organ dose was assessed by simple regression we compared free t free triiodothyronine thyroid weight the number of patients with antithyroperoxidase antibodies and tsh receptor autoantibodies h urinary iodine excretion i uptake and the exact dose of i delivered to the thyroid as i.c.v. variables although we found a correlation between po dose mci and organ dose gy r p the mean coefficient of R2 for organ dose was individualized radioiodine therapy enabled euthyroidism in of patients and failed in of patients had persistent or recurrent hyperthyroidism and permanent hypothyroidism i uptake was significantly higher in the HT group in comparison with the euthyroid group however organ dose and other i.c.v. variables did not differ among the three CG in conclusion these results confirm the low performance of individual dosimetry using what are established ratios since the delivered dose to the gland although correlated to the intended dose is highly variable the finding that other usual pretreatment variables are not different between CG gives little hope for improving the way of calculating the ideal dose of radioiodine we suggest to those not yet ready to give a standard or an ablative dose for graves HT that they abandon this way to calculate the i dose
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a modulated lapped transform with extended overlap elt is investigated in image coding with the objective of verifying its potential to replace the discrete cosine transform dct in TPS applications some of the criteria utilized for the performance comparison are reconstructed image SQ both objective and subjective reduction of blocking artifacts robustness against transmission PE and filtering for scalability also a fast implementation algorithm for finitelengthsignals using symmetric extensions is developed specially for the elt with overlap factor elt this comparison shows that elt is superior to both dct and the lapped orthogonal transform lot
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the present T0 examined the concurrent NP validity of the minimental state examination mms in this study the lurianebraska neuropsychological battery lnnb served as a measure of neuropsychological ability a sample of patients was all administered the mms and lnnb results demonstrate the highest rho with the mms for the lnnb expressive language arithmetic writing motor and tactile scales
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expanded use of nurse practitioners nps and physician assistants pas is a potential solution to workforce issues but little is known about how nps and pas can best be used our T0 examines whether medical and social complexity of patients is associated with whether their primary care provider pcp type is a physician np or pa in this national retrospective cohort study we use national VA va electronic health record data from veterans to examine whether pcp type is associated with patient clinic and statelevel AF representing medical and social complexity adjusting for all variables simultaneously using a generalized logit MM results indicate that patients with physician pcps are modestly more medically complex than those with np or pa pcps for the group having a diagnostic cost group dcg score compared with the group having dcg odds of having an np or a pa were lower than for having a physician pcp np odds ratio or confidence interval ci pa or ci social complexity is not consistently associated with pcp type overall we found minor differences in provider type assignment this T0 improves on previous work by using a C1 national dataset that accurately ascribes the work of nps and pas analyzing at the patient level analyzing nps and pas separately and addressing social as well as medical complexity this is a requisite step toward studies that compare patient outcomes by provider type
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the macroscopic lowvoltageactivated lva or ttype IT in isolated associative or localcircuit SN from the laterodorsal thalamic nucleus of day old rats was dissected into two components fast and slow corresponding to the activation of two lva channel subtypes based on the difference in the kinetics of inactivation and recovery from inactivation the steadystate activation and inactivation properties of the channel subtypes endowed slow channels with a substantial window current whereas fast channels had almost no such current fast channels were almost times more sensitive to microm nifedipine inhibition microm flunarizine inhibition and microm la inhibition but about fold less CS to microm ni inhibition than slow channels and inhibition respectively both channels were almost equally CS to microm amiloride and inhibition of fast and slow channels respectively comparison of the fast and slow lva ca current amplitudes and densities between enzymatically isolated and intact in BB slices neurons suggest a predominant localization of the fast channels in soma and the proximal dendrites that remain IN during isolation procedure whereas the slow channels are more evenly distributed with some preference to the distal areas these data together with our previous studies support the notion of two lva ca channel subtypes in associative thalamic neurons and suggest a role for the slow channels in providing the constant ca influx necessary for the outgrowth of the neurites and for the fast channels in the generation of LT ca spikes and bursting activity
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a group of patients with acute respiratory failure arf of diverse etiology received as a part of their treatment positive and expiratory pressure peep all of them were evaluated clinically and with several respiratory parameters the response to treatment complications and mortality rates are analyzed the addition of peep in the management of this patients was accompanied by a significant increase of the pao p and a simultaneous decrease in the following parameters fiopao index alveoloarterial oxygen gradient aado and the pulmonary shunt qsqt no hemodynamic deterioration was observed none of the clinical parameters such as blood pressure HR rate and diuresis was significantly modified neither a significant NC in the arteriousvenous oxygen gradient avdo was detected PTX as a complication of the use of peep was present in the of the patients the course of the arf was toward the improvement in most of them at the end of the evolution the high mortality rate in this study was considered to be secondary to uncontrollable sepsis and also to the presence of multiple organ failure in none of the cases the poor outcome was secondary to refractory acute hypoxemia peep which is one of the varieties of CPPV cppv represents one of the most importants therapeutic advances in the last decade in the management of patients with ARDS
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it is generally accepted that the spine is the site of predilection for retinoidinduced skeletal abnormalities however the reported prevalence of skeletal problems varies widely to investigate the frequency and severity of retinoidinduced spinal CA all records of patients who underwent spinal radiographs at the request of the department of dermatology between and were reviewed this group of patients comprised the total population of retinoidtreated patients and those patients who were investigated for possible future retinoid treatment the mean treatment period in the total group was months and the mean cumulative dose of retinoid was g in patients the treatment period was or months with patients being treated for more than months baseline radiographs were available from patients and these were compared with the most recent xrays during treatment the mean treatment period in this prospective group was months and the mean CD of retinoid was g the prevalence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis dish degenerative changes and osteoporosis in the total group was respectively and there was no statistically significant relation between the duration of treatment or the cumulative dose and the prevalence or severity of dish degenerative changes and osteoporosis only the age of the patients was significantly related to the frequency and severity of skeletal abnormalities in the prospective group again no important changes were observed between the radiographs at baseline and during treatment in this study no relation whatsoever between spinal abnormalities and prolonged oral retinoid treatment could be established the performance of annual routine spinal radiographs during retinoid treatment is not necessary in our opinion additional controlled and prospective studies on spinal and extraspinal skeletal abnormalities are required to develop definitive screening guidelines for patients submitted to LT retinoid treatment
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it is hypothesized that healthy humans can reduce their SE expenditure during walking by wearing an exoskeleton exoskeletons are often designed for mechanical efficiency at joint level this RPA disregards the energy savings mechanisms in the human leg like biarticular muscles and tendons we use the musclereflex MM to simulate the experiments by cain et al with an ankle exoskeleton actuated by a pneumatic muscle that supports plantarflexion the musclereflex model predicts muscle activations and VO2 the reflexcontrol parameters of the model were optimized for walking with and without support from an exoskeleton the simulated exoskeleton uses either the emg signal from the soleus muscle proportional myoelectric control or a footswitch to trigger the actuation of the pneumatic muscle cain et al did find an exp reduction in soleus muscle activation of percent for the proportional ME control and percent for the footswitch control where the optimization outcomes of simulated walking predicted a reduction of percent and percent respectively
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an CA of everolimus based on finger prick sampling and consecutive application as a blood spot on sampling paper has been developed we explored several methods k hoogtanders j van der heijden m christiaans p edelbroek j van hooff l stolk j pharm biomed anal a allanson m cotton j tettey et al j pharm biomed anal and developed a new method namely the impregnation of sampling paper with a solution of plasmaprotein formic acid and ammonium acetate in combination with the extraction of the blood spot by filter filtration this kind of sample preparation provides new possibilities for blood spot sampling especially if analytes are adsorbed to the paper the dried blood spot was analysed using the hplcelectrospraytandem mass spectrometry method with desmethoxyrapamycin as the internal standard the working range of our T0 was microgl within this range intraand interassay variability for precision and accuracy was everolimus blood spot samples proved SD for days at degrees c and for days at degrees c everolimus concentrations of one stable outpatient were compared after both blood spot sampling and conventional venous sampling on various occasions results indicate that this new method is promising for therapeutic drug monitoring in SD renal SPK patients
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interleukin il is an kd chemokine and angiogenic factor produced by AM macrophages EC cells monocytes fibroblasts t lymphocytes and epithelial cells in response to a variety of stimuli including lps tnfalpha il il and hypoxia pulmonary PT produce a variety of growth factors and cytokines that may act in both autocrine and paracrine fashion a a wellcharacterized human A549 L1 was cloned for different C2 of il production by limiting dilution clone b produced pgml and clone b produced pgml of il p clone b proliferated at times the rate of b antiil reversed the decrement in proliferation of clone b by but recombinant il decreased the proliferation of b by compared with control in addition to a three other nonsmall cell lung CA nsclc lines showed significantly decreased proliferation in response to exogenous recombinant il ngml p these findings suggest that in addition to its chemotactic and angiogenic MICs il may inhibit lung RT proliferation by both autocrine and paracrine pathways
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while the choice of stationary phase organic modifier and gradient strength can have significant effects on biomolecule separations mobile phase additives can also have a significant effect on the chromatographic selectivity recovery efficiency and resolution given the importance of stationary phase coverage the beneficial silanolmasking properties of amines and the potential for selectivity modification through ionpair interactions cyclohexylamine was examined as a mobile phase additive and compared with triethylamine and trifluoroacetic acid greatly improved separation was possible when CHA was used as compared with PB and CHA did not require purification before use while triethylamine required distillation before clean chromatograms were obtained
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we present a case of a large saccular aneurysm arising from the azygos arch in an asymptomatic yearold man chest radiography showed a welldefined RA paratracheal mass dynamic computed tomography revealed marked enhancement of the mass suggesting a vascular structure but no flow void was demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging probably due to slow turbulent flow
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anomalous coronary arteries with an interarterial course are associated with sudden cardiac death we reported a T0 comparing the accuracy of fluoroscopic coronary angiography fca with that of multislice computed tomography msct coronary angiography in determining the proximal course of anomalous coronary arteries twelve patients with thirteen anomalous coronary arteries had both fca and msct coronary angiography were included in this T0 twelve cardiologists individually reviewed fcas of anomalous coronary arteries and determined the PT course of anomalous CAs as retroaortic interarterial or antepulmonary their diagnoses were compared with msct coronary angiography which was regarded as the reference standard in this T0 on msct coronary angiography there were six anomalous left circumflex arteries with a retroaortic course five anomalous RA coronary arteries and one anomalous LAD artery with interarterial courses and a single anomalous left main artery with an antepulmonary course the percentage of correct diagnosis made by cardiologists based on fca findings was or none of the cardiologists was correct in determining the PT course of all anomalous CAs the median number of anomalous CAs with their PT courses correctly identified by the cardiologists was range in conclusion fca was limited in delineating the PT course of anomalous coronary arteries in comparison with msct coronary angiography
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the cattle protozoan parasite tritrichomonas foetus has multiple forms of CPs to investigate their diversity pcr and reverse transcriptase pcr were used to isolate genomic dna and cdna fragments respectively encoding different CPs seven genes have been identified tfcp from amplification of genomic dna and tfcp from amplification of cdna comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences indicates that the t foetus enzymes are cathepsinllike rather than cathepsinblike in structure however there is considerable diversity among the proteinases tfcp and tfcp are most similar to one another identity while tfcp and tfcp are the least closely related identity all but one of the genes are singlecopy the exception being tfcp which was present in multiple copies in one of the three isolates examined single transcripts were detected for each of the seven genes tfcp was expressed at the highest C2 while transcripts for tfcp were only just detectable in t foetus f the strain from which the genomic dna and mrna were isolated transcripts of the five other genes were present at intermediate C2 when two other isolates were compared with f differences in the expression of individual genes were apparent with either one or two of them not expressed in spite of these differences the major cysteine proteinases detected in the three isolates using substratesdspage appeared MZ the data show that the multiplicity of cysteine proteinases in t foetus is due in part at least to the presence of multiple genes and that some of the genes encode cysteine proteinases which are not among the highactivity enzymes detected previously
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the most important acute neurological diseases seen at neurosurgery departments are traumatic BB injuries tbi and subarachnoid hemorrhages sah in both diseases the pathophysiological sequela are complex and have not been fully understood up to now and rodent models using rats and mice are most suitable for the investigation of the pathophysiological details in both models surgery is performed under anesthesia followed by assessment of their functional outcome and behavioral testing before brain tissue analysis T3 euthanasia postoperative analgesia is mandatory and supplementary care is highly recommended for refinement purposes pain and AS assessment is mainly based on clinical and behavioral signs and further research is needed to improve the DUE of severity in these models
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the bioavailability of a new tablet formulation mg of haloperidol was estimated relative to two lots of a REF product twentyeight healthy male volunteers completed all three phases in that they received the test t and the two REF formulations r and r in a balanced threeway crossover design using a CS hplc method PC of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol were monitored over a period of h following administration of each formulation haloperidol was measurable in the plasma of all the volunteers whereas reduced haloperidol was measurable in only out of volunteers following each administration therefore the assessment of BE in this T0 is based on haloperidol data only the maximum plasma concentration cmax time to cmax tmax and area under the curve up to the last measurable concentration aucot or infinity auco infinity were compared by analyses of variance and found not to be significantly different across the formulations the RBV based on tr or tr ratios of auco infinity aucot and cmax was in each case within the acceptable range of also the relative BA of r compared with r was within in terms of the above bioavailability parameters except for tmax all other pharmacokinetic parameters showed wide intersubject R2
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considering its long latency prostate CA pca represents an ideal target for chemoprevention strategies GT extract gte has been proved to be one of the most promising NK substances capable of inhibiting pca progression in animal models transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate as well as in humans however the cellular targets of the gte action are mostly unknown the main objective of this work was to investigate whether the endoplasmic reticulum er and the GA ga known to be actively involved in sensing AS stimuli and initiating and propagating cell death signalling may represent the subcellular targets of gte action to this end tramp mice were divided into four exp groups CG ii and iv received gte in TW g ml solution starting at weeks of age and up to the time of sacrifice CG i and iii were respective agematched waterfed controls the animals were sacrificed T3 weeks CG i and ii or weeks of treatment CG ii and iv we also treated trampc cells with gte µgml for days to check the expression profile of clusterin clu a protein involved in prostate tumourigenesis extensively processed through erga before being secreted through the plasma membrane in vivo we found that chronic administration of gte in tramp mice results in collapse of er and ga in prostate epithelial cells consistently in vitro we found that the mature fully processed form of clu sclu is strongly reduced by gte treatment in trampc cells taking into account the sclu biogenesis dependence on the erga integrity and the proposed Bcl-2 role of sclu the possibility for gte to counteract pca progression by interfering with sclu biogenesis is suggested
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neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura naitp is a neonatal disorder characterized by maternal alloimmunization against fetal platelet antigens inherited from the father intracranial hemorrhage leading to death or permanent neurological disability may occur in the fetus
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the BMD method has been proposed as an alternative to the noobservedadverseeffect level noael RPA for assessing noncancer risks associated with hazardous compounds the benchmark dose method is a more powerful statistical tool than the traditional noael approach and represents a step in the right direction for a more accurate risk assessment the BMD method involves fitting a mathematical MM to all the doseresponse data within a T0 and thus more biological information is incorporated in the resulting estimates of guidance values eg ADIs adis although there is an increasing interest in the BMD RPA it has not yet found its way into the RII toxicology in europe while in the united states the us environmental protection agency epa already uses the benchmark dose in HRA several software packages are today available for benchmark dose calculations the availability of software to facilitate the analysis can make modeling appear simple but often the interpretation of the results is not trivial and it is recommended that benchmark dose modeling be performed in collaboration with a toxicologist and someone familiar with this type of statistical analysis the procedure does not replace expert judgments of toxicologists and others addressing the hazard characterization issues in risk assessment the aim of this article is to make risk assessors familiar with the concept to show how the method can be used and to describe some possibilities limitations and extensions of the benchmark dose approach in this article the BMD RPA is presented in detail and compared to the traditional noael RPA statistical methods essential for the benchmark dose method are presented in appendix a and different mathematical models used in the us epas bmd software the crump software and the kalliomaa software are described in the text and in appendix b for replacement of noael in health risk assessment it is considered important that consensus is reached on the crucial parts of the BMD method that is selection of risk types and the determination of a response level corresponding to the bmd especially for continuous data it is suggested that the bmd method is used as a first choice and that in cases where it is not possible to fit a MM to the data the traditional noael approach should be used instead the possibilities to make BMD calculations on continuous data need to be further investigated in addition it is of importance to study whether it would be AGA to increase the number of dose C2 by decreasing the number of animals in each dose group
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the aims of the present T0 were to investigate in the GH gh rat MM the effects of treatment with simvastatin alone or in combination with valsartan or enalapril on blood pressure bp and structural remodelling of mesenteric resistance arteries mra and of the basilar artery an artery that plays a L1 role in the regulation of CBF resistance genetically hypertensive rats were treated with simvastatin at two dose levels and mgkg per day and simvastatin in combination with valsartan or EN also and mgkg per day from the age of to weeks SBP and bodyweight were measured weekly at the end of the experiment following fixation by perfusion mra and the basilar artery were excised and embedded in technovit a glycol methacrylate medium heraeus kulzer werheim germany serial sections were cut and stereological techniques used to determine tunica media width and crosssectional area csa LD and the ratio of media widthlumen diameter simvastatin monotherapy did not lower bp at either dose in the high and lowdose groups the combination of simvastatin EN lowered bp more than with enalapril CT this was also true for the simvastatin valsartan combination in the lowerdose group the mra were hypotrophically remodelled by the mgkg per day dose of simvastatin the mgkg per day dose caused hypotrophic remodelling with decreased medialumen ratio valsartan and EN caused hypotrophic remodelling together with outward remodelling of the lumen in the mgkg per day valsartan group and in all groups a reduction in the medialumen ratio with the greatest effect observed in the highdose CG the combination treatments of simvastatin valsartan and simvastatin EN did not have any consistent extra effect on mra remodelling in the basilar artery highdose simvastatin had a hypotrophic effect on the media and both doses reduced the medialumen ratio independently of any change in bp simvastatin given in combination with valsartan produced a slight further reduction in medial csa media width and ratio in combination with EN there was little consistent additional effect simvastatin monotherapy hypotrophically remodelled the media of the BA artery in the gh rat model even in the absence of changes in bp a similar structural effect may explain in part the reduction in stroke seen in patients treated with statins
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diabetes is an important disease this disease is a metabolic disorder characterized by HG resulting from perturbation in insulin secretion insulin action or both HBV contains a wide range of polypeptide agents the principle components of bee venom are mellitin and phquipment and a proper learning environment
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ninetysix patients with good LF child class a or b and esophageal varices were randomly assigned to one of three groups given different treatments endoscopic i.t. sclerotherapy n esophageal transection n or DSRS n five patients had to be excluded from this study because severe chronic one made separation of the distal splenic vein from the pancreatic bed difficult esophageal transection was performed for these patients no deaths occurred during the days of treatment the yr cumulative bleeding rates were and in the endoscopic i.t. sclerotherapy esophageal transection and distal splenorenal shunt groups respectively no statistical significance in no case in the three CG did death occur because of variceal one sixteen patients died mainly because of underlying MLD four were in the EIS group five were in the esophageal transection group and seven were in the distal splenorenal shunt group no statistically significant difference in survival rate among the three CG was found these results show that endoscopic i.t. sclerotherapy is a satisfactory alternative to esophageal transection or DSRS for the clinical management of patients with esophageal varices
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a rapid and CS highperformance LC procedure is described for the simultaneous determination of piroxicam cas and tenoxicam cas in BP and buffer solutions used in the equilibrium dialysis studies the method can be used to measure either piroxicam and tenoxicam in these three fluids using the other as internal standard a nucleosil c and a mobile phase consisting of an acetonitriledistilled wateracetic acid mixture were used the flow rate was mlmin and the effluent was monitored at nm with aufs absorbance units full scale the sensitivities of this method were microgramml C2 of piroxicam and tenoxicam in the plasma blood and buffer solutions samples
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malpighian tubules play an essential role in excretion osmoregulation and immunity of most insects exceptionally aphids lack malpighian tubules providing the opportunity to investigate the fate of genes expressed in an organ that has undergone evolutionary reduction and loss making use of the sequenced genomes of drosophila melanogaster and the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum we demonstrated that more than of drosophila genes expressed specifically in the malpighian tubules had orthologues in the pea aphid genome and that most of the pea aphid orthologues with detectable expression were identified in the gut transcriptome relative to the whole genome genes SF-36 in amino acid metabolism are significantly overrepresented among the pea aphid orthologues of malpighian tubule genes likely reflecting the CE importance of CAA acquisition and metabolism in aphids this study demonstrates that the evolutionary loss of a key insect organ the MT has not been associated with the coupled loss of molecular functions
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studies have demonstrated that b cells play important roles in systemic sclerosis ssc especially through the cdcd autoimmune loop cd is a b cellspecific GABA receptor that dampens b cell antigen receptor bcr signalling via tyrosine phosphorylationdependent mechanism in this study we examined the presence and functional property of circulating autoantibodies reacting with cd in SVR sclerosis SS samples from tight skin tsk mice and ssc patients were assessed for anticd autoantibodies by enzymelinked immunosorbent assays using recombinant mouse or human cd the association between OKT3 and clinical features was also investigated in ssc patients furthermore the influence of ssc serum including anticd autoantibodies for cd IMT phosphorylation was examined by WB using phosphotyrosinespecific antibodies reacting with four major IMT motifs of cd cytoplasmic domain anticd autoantibodies were positive in of tsk mice and in of ssc patients patients positive for anticd antibodies showed significantly higher modified rodnan skin thickness score compared with patients negative for OKT3 furthermore OKT3 from patients sera were capable of reducing phosphorylation of all four cd tyrosine motifs while sera negative for anticd antibodies did not affect cd phosphorylation thus a subset of ssc patients possessed autoantibodies reacting with a L1 GABA b cell RR cd because these antibodies can interfere cdmediated suppression onto b cell activation in vitro ssc B1 produce PET autoantibodies that can enhance their own activation this unique regulation may contribute to the autoimmune aspect of ssc
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PLMs plm during sleep plms are associated with cortical and cardiovascular activation changes in CBF hemodynamics caused by cortical activity can be measured using nearinfrared spectroscopy nirs we investigated oscillatory components of CBF hemodynamics during plm and different sleep stages in restless legs syndrome rls patients with plms
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the metabolism of soluble nucleotides was investigated in wheat triticum aestivum var olympic aleurone layers treated with gibberellic acid whereas nucleotide levels were relatively unaffected by the treatment a transient increase was observed in the incorporation of p the effect was maximal to minutes after gibberellic acid was po and by minutes incorporation was lower than in the control the greatest changes were detected in the nucleoside triphosphates particularly in cytidine triphosphate the findings are discussed in relation to the mode of action of gibberellic acid
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humans with mosaic karyotypes may present with milder forms of birth defects than one would see in nonmosaic individuals mosaicism may also affect tissues resulting in different parts of an organ manifesting varied phenotypes we present the case of a child born with mosaic trisomy and multiple congenital anomalies her tr displays segmental abnormalities that suggest tissue mosaicism we describe the endoscopic and cytogenetic findings in this child and propose a possible genetic mechanism to account for the unusual malformations
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the localisation of mm mACh receptor subtypes was investigated in sections of normal human term placenta by CS TSM ARG muscarinic cholinergic receptor subtypes were found almost exclusively in ST neither other cellular components of placenta nor blood vessels were labelled quantitative analysis of the density of silver grains developed in sections incubated with the different protocols for labelling mm receptor subtypes revealed that syncytiotrophoblast expresses all subtypes of mACh receptor investigated a higher density of IB sites was found in the apical than in the basal portion of ST the demonstration of mACh receptors in syncytiotrophoblast suggests that a ACh system may have a role in regulating transport of compounds from maternal to foetal interface
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we compared the tau of histidinetryptophanketoglutarate htk and UW uw solution with celsior solution using hypothermicallypreserved porcine carotid arteries and studied the importance of different components of these solutions by preserving carotid arteries in modified htk solutions excised carotid arteries were stored at degrees c in wv nacl uw htk celsior or a modified htk solution for up to days preservationinduced changes in smooth muscle cell and EC cell CF were determined using an organ bath for P0 recording ST preservation days in uw htk and celsior did not significantly alter contractile and EC50 responses of arterial segments when compared to freshlyexcised segments but significantly impaired these responses in arterial segments stored in wv nacl solution LT hypothermic preservation of arterial segments and days in wv nacl and htk solution almost CR abolished all responses but only slightly reduced the responses of arterial segments stored in uw solution intermediate results were obtained for celsior modifying htk by replacement of chloride for sulfate and phosphate resulted in improved contractile and relaxation responses after LT preservation with respect to smooth muscle and endothelial CF uw is superior to htk and celsior and the absence of chloride or presence of sulfate and phosphate plays a relevant role in this in vitro model of hypothermic preservation of porcine carotid arteries
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early experience in the context of suckling at the nipple is a crucial determinant of neurobehavioral OD in mammals in particular milk has been recognized by developmental psychobiologists as an ecologically relevant sensory CS- and should be viewed by clinicians as more than a source of nutrition in early human development gaining access to and processing milk during suckling serves as a primary focus of activity in the P0 because the rat fetus lacks prior SE to milk or other suckling stimuli it provides an excellent MM system for investigating the OD of milkrelated responses fetal exposure to milk results in a cascade of behavioral physiological and neurochemical consequences milkinduced activation of the endogenous opioid system plays an important role in reorganizing fetal MA altering sensory responsiveness and supporting associative learning in the fetus subtle changes in contextual stimulation alter the ability of milk to engage different neurochemical systems these findings suggest that the infants first experiences with milk and other suckling stimuli may have lasting consequences for neurobehavioral development
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endogenous tryptophan is uniformly distributed in dog cerebrospinal fluid csf and is about one tenth of the normal fasting plasma level using a recirculatory ventriculocisternal perfusion technique in conscious dogs it was found that ltryptophan was removed from csf by a nonsaturable mechanism in addition to bulk absorption of csf the clearance of ltryptophan from csf was unaffected by thiopentone anaesthesia dialysis of dog plasma against an artificial csf solution containing ltryptophan demonstrated that a large proportion of the tryptophan in dog plasma was proteinbound and that the unbound diffusible proportion would equilibrate with tryptophan concentrations equivalent to those normally found in dog csf use of an opencircuit ventriculocisternal perfusion system in unanaesthetized dogs revealed the presence of a saturable component in the transport of tryptophan from csf as cltryptophan infused into a recirculatory perfusion system produced no radioactively labelled metabolites it was concluded that removal of tryptophan from csf by CBF metabolism does not contribute substantially to maintaining the low C2 of tryptophan in csf but that BB uptake associated with proteinbinding may give rise to a small saturable component the results indicate that the actual concentration gradient of tryptophan between plasma and csf is much less than it appears from the total concentration of tryptophan in the two fluids and that the mechanism by which the csf plasma CSD of tryptophan is maintained is mainly attributable to simple diffusion
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the gastric acid response to graded doses of insulin given by continuous infusion was studied in four dogs each surgically provided with a GF all doses of insulin resulted in a prolonged plateau of hypoglycaemia and the degree of hypoglycaemia correlated significantly p with the insulin dose up to ukg hr similarly graded doses of insulin up to ukg hr produced graded acid responses and both the peak acid output and the total acid output correlated significantly with blood gl changes no initial inhibitory phase of acid secretion followed the start of the infusion but a doserelated delay in the ON of the acid response was observed our results indicate that insulin provides a quantitative glycopenic CS- producing a quantitative vagal acid response
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the purpose of this research was to develop formulation of docetaxelloaded biodegradable tpgsbpclranpga NPs for breast cancer chemotherapy a novel diblock copolymer dαtocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinatebpolyεcaprolactoneranglycolide tpgsbpclranpga was synthesized from εcaprolactone glycolide and dαtocopheryl PE glycol succinate by ringopening polymerization using stannous octoate as catalyst the obtained copolymers were characterized by h nmr gpc and tga the docetaxelloaded tpgsbpclranpga nanoparticles were prepared and characterized the data showed that the fluorescence tpgsbpclranpga NPs could be internalized by mcf cells the tpgsbpclranpga nanoparticles achieved significantly higher level of cytotoxicity than commercial taxotere® mcf xenograft tumor model on scid mice showed that docetaxel formulated in the tpgsbpclranpga NPs could effectively inhibit the growth of RT over a longer period of time than taxotere® at the same dose in conclusion the tpgsbpclranpga copolymer could be acted as a novel and potential biologically AS polymeric material for nanoformulation in breast cancer chemotherapy
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the objective of this T0 was to investigate the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia cih on genioglossal ultrastructure and mitochondrial function as well as the MI role of adiponectin ad
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within proteins and MMP both lasparaginyl and laspartyl residues spontaneously degrade generating isomerized and racemized aspartyl residues the enzyme protein lisoaspartate D-Asp omethyltransferase ec initiates the conversion of lisoaspartyl and daspartyl residues to normal laspartyl residues this repair reaction helps to maintain proper protein conformation by preventing the accumulation of damaged proteins containing abnormal amino acid residues pcmt mice manifest two key phenotypes a fatal seizure disorder and retarded growth in this T0 we characterized both phenotypes and demonstrated that they are linked continuous electroencephalogram monitoring of pcmt mice revealed that abnormal cortical activity for approximately of each h period even in mice that had no visible evidence of convulsions the fatal seizure disorder in pcmt mice can be mitigated but not eliminated by AEDs interestingly antiepileptic therapy normalized the growth of pcmt mice suggesting that the growth retardation is due to seizures rather than a global disturbance in growth at the cellular level consistent with this concept the growth rate of pcmt fibroblasts was indistinguishable from that of wildtype fibroblasts
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a diastolic turbulent flow of PR with the maximum velocity of no more than msec and prevalence in the exit portion of the right IVT up to mm was detected in patients with cardiac and pulmonary diseases and apparently HI without organic pulmonary valve lesion and diastolic localization at the respective site by using pulsed doppler echocardiography the highest diastolic TPP gradient estimated by a modified bernullis equation was no more than mm hg within the range of normal values for diastolic pulmonary arteryright ventricle pressure gradient asymptomatic subclinical PR of physiological and PET nature without substantial hemodynamic signifof the hand developed after a ii grade open septic metacarpal fracture for the covering of the defect of the soft tissue the paratenontendonskin free flap unit was used supplied by the a dorsalis pedis in one operation the skin in full thickness and the extensor tendons could be substituted at the same time the suppuration was eliminated and the pseudarthroses stabilized with lamellar osteosynthesis
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optical lowcoherence ref lectometry is applied for the first time to our knowledge to investigate diffusive biological tissues with a singlemode fiber probe samples of fresh arteries are studied using the backscattered CS from the tissue the probed volume in the vicinity of the fiber tip is estimated to be below x cm this noninvasive method allows one to determine optical parameters such as the index of refraction and the transmission properties and the tissue thickness
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nylon polymers contain βaminoacidderived subunits and can be viewed as higher homologues of polyαamino acids this structural relationship raises the possibility that nylon polymers offer a platform for development of new materials with a variety of biological MICs a prospect that has recently begun to receive exp support nylon homo and copolymers can be prepared via anionic ringopening polymerization of βlactams and use of an nacylβlactam as coinitiator in the polymerization reaction allows placement of a specific functional group borne by the nacylβlactam at the nterminus of each CP chain controlling the unit at the ctermini of nylon polymer chains however has been problematic here we describe a strategy for specifying CT functionality that is based on the polymerization mechanism after the anionic ROP is complete we introduce a new βlactam approximately equiv relative to the expected number of polymer chains because the CP chains bear a reactive imide group at their ctermini this new βlactam should become attached at this position if the terminating βlactam bears a distinctive functional group that functionality should be affixed to most or all ctermini in the reaction mixture we use the new technique to compare the impact of n and CT placement of a critical hydrophobic fragment on the biological activity profile of nylon copolymers the synthetic advance described here should prove to be generally useful for tailoring the properties of nylon materiaor family although the protein was originally found as a RT suppressor currently it is receiving considerable attention as a regulator of adipocyte lipolysis we recently revealed that purified recombinant hrev has phospholipase a activity releasing free fatty acids from glycerophospholipids with a preference for esterolysis at the sn position in the present T0 we constitutively expressed hrev in cloned hek cells to examine its biological function in living cells initially the cells accumulated free fatty acids we also found a remarkable decrease in the C2 of ethertype lipids including plasmalogen and ethertype triglyceride with a concomitant increase in fatty alcohols substrates for the biosynthesis of ethertype lipids considering that peroxisomes are involved in the ethertype lipid biosynthesis we next focused on peroxisomes and found that the peroxisomal markers kda peroxisomal membrane protein and catalase were abnormally distributed in the transfected cells these biochemical and morphological abnormalities were not seen in hek cells stably expressing a catalytically inactive mutant of hrev when hrev or its F0 protein with enhanced green fluorescence protein was transiently expressed in rat cells both proteins were associated with peroxisomes in some of the observed cells these results suggest that hrev interferes with the biosynthesis of ethertype lipids and is responsible for the dysfunction of peroxisomes in hrevexpressing cells
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investigation was carried out to study kinetics of moisture loss oil uptake and tristimulus colour during deep fat frying of gethi dioscorea kamoonensis kunth strips deep fat frying of gethi strips of size à à mm was carried out in a laboratory scale fryer at different temperatures ranging from to °c the investigation showed that the moisture loss and oil uptake followed the first order kinetics equation r p the kinetic coefficients for moisture loss and oil uptake increased significantly p with temperature from to min and to min respectively the temperature dependency of rate constants for moisture loss and oil uptake values was described using arrhenius equation r p the activation energies for moisture loss and oil uptake were found to be kjmol and kjmol respectively the hunter colour parameters were significantly affected by frying temperature and frying time the hunter lightness l value increased with respect to frying time initially followed by decline and same trend was observed at higher temperatures of frying with elevated rate whereas hunter redness a value increased significantly p with time as well as temperature of frying and obeyed zero order rate equation the temperature dependency kinetic coefficients of hunter a value were described by arrhenius equation and the energy of activation for NC in hunter redness was found to be kjmol r p the other hunter colour parameters such as chroma hue angle and total colour difference were markedly affected by frying temperature as well as frying time
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this study assessed physicians receptivity to using mobile technology as a strategy in patient care for adolescents with asthma understanding physicians perceived barriers and benefits of integrating mobile technology in adolescents asthma care and selfmanagement is an initial step in enhancing overall patient and disease outcomes we conducted indepth interviews with second and thirdyear pediatric residents and attending physicians who oversee pediatric residents in training n at an academic medical center in the southeastern united states we identified both benefits from and barriers to broader use of mobile technologies for improving asthma outcomes in adolescents resident physicians demonstrated greater readiness for integrating these technologies than did attending physicians prior to adoption of mobile technologies in the care of adolescent asthma patients barriers to implementation should be understood prior to widespread adoption such systems will need to be evaluated against traditional care for demonstration of patient outcomes that improve on the current situation
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treatment of anal incontinence in children with a pathology of the distal portion of the spine is a serious problem we observed children aged from to years with the rd degree of FI twenty patients had spina bifida had meningocele children had the following symptoms disturbed formation of the arches sacrum agenesia deformity of the distal portion of the spine the conservative treatment was effective but in children without concomitant neurological disorders motor disorders of the lower extremities disturbance of the perineum sensitivity great increase of the anorectal angle and decreased pressure in the anal canal were found in patients with meningocele and in children with severe defects of the vertebral column they were subjected to operation of free transplantation of the preliminarily DNX muscle by the hakelius method good effects were obtained in cases of operations
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wninob obese mutant rats are unique in comparison to similar rodent models of obesity established in the west the present T0 is aimed to evaluate the masticatory function and histological changes in MM fibres treated with botulinum toxin type a bonta in wninob rats twelve wninob obese rats and lean rats at days of age were taken and divided into four groups rats in each group groupi wninob and groupii lean rats were injected with bonta unit into right side of masseter muscle for control left masseter of both phenotypes was injected with saline groupiii wninob and groupiv lean rats were without any treatment growth and FI was monitored daily for days rats were euthanized and gross necropsy was carried out to check any abnormalities masseter muscles were dissected and mean MM was recorded small portion of muscle was stored in formalin for hematoxylineosin he staining and remaining tissue stored in gluteraldehyde for SEM microscopy sem there is a significant decrease in the body weights and FI of bonta treated obese rats the he staining of the MM in both groups showed normal morphology and orientation the sem analysis showed that fibre size in bonta treated MM of obese rats increased more than the saline treated side and in control rats the increase in the muscle fibre size and transition of muscle fibre subtypes may be due to the reduced masticatory CF of the masseter muscle scanning © wiley periodicals inc
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the study was designed to determine the influence of the lathyrogenic substance aminoacetonitrile on blastogenesis and embryogenesis of the wistar rat female WR weighing from through g received a single i.t. of mg AAN aankg body weight substance was given intraperitoneally on days or of pregnancy the detection of sperms in the vaginal smears was counted as day post coitum animals were sacrificed on day of pregnancy the following parameters served as a base of interpretation fetal body weight numbers of implantations resorptions dead and living fetuses malformations were detected by outer inspection for gross anomalies by the razor blade technique for internal malformations and by skeletal S9 all results were evaluated by statistical means aan influences pregnancy and fetal development the rates of fetal resorptions are enhanced T3 application of aan beyond the th day p c the maximum of fetal death is reached on day p c there is no influence on the mean implantation number with the exception of the th day of development aan reduces the number of living fetuses T3 application of aan on day pc the mean body weight decreases significantly all over the investigated range malformations can be observed CA of internal organs are frequent hydrocephalus HN situs inversus malformations of the skeletal system are only observable on days and sternal fissure SNR destruction of the LS aan does not induce gross anomalies of the fetus
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to investigate the effectiveness of a new type of bioclean room named shinki bioclean room sbcr for the prevention of infection during neutropenia after intensive chemotherapy in comparison with a standard laminar air flow room lafr
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in september cooperative assistance and relief everywhere peru country office care peru obtained funding from the united states agency for international development usaid to implement communitysupported condominial water and sanitation interventions in manuel cardozo dávila a settlement in iquitos peru with technical support from the CDC and prevention cdc care perus urban environmental health models modelos urbanos de salud ambiental musa project built on previous work from implementing the protocol for assessing community excellence in environmental health in this same community the project led to the municipal water supply distribution system being extended kilometers into the southern zone of iquitos where it connected to the condominial water system altogether households were connected to the water supply system T3 the installation of a condominial water and sewerage system in cardozo diarrheal disease decreased by for children less than years of age from to this paper illustrates the strategy used by care peru in conjunction with the cardozo community to assure that the local demand for improved water and sanitation was met
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hypertension is more frequently found in DM than in subjects with normal glucose tolerance on the other hand concomitant hypertension accelerates the progression of diabetic nephropathy to examine whether human atrial natriuretic peptide human anf hanp is involved into the pathogenesis of hypertension and nephropathy of diabetic patients and to find out whether the PCD of increased hanp C2 can serve as an early marker helping to identify diabetic patients at increased risk of developing these diabetes complications we studied randomly selected patients with type or type diabetes mellitus women men there were no differences between patients with normal hanp levels and patients with hanp C2 above normal range regarding age diabetes duration metabolic control kidney function creatinine clearance and proteinuria electrolytes and in plasma renin activity aldosterone EN and norepinephrine levels in plasma however higher blood pressure was measured and antihypertensive therapy was found more frequently in patients with increased hanp levels p less than this was confirmed by analyzing the subgroup of patients with normal blood pressure without antihypertensive therapy again diastolic blood pressure was found to be higher p less than in patients with elevated hanp than in patients with normal hanp C2 in this subgroup increased creatinine clearance tended to be found more frequently among patients with increased hanp levelsabstract truncated at words
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introductionthis protocol describes the production of doublestranded rna dsrna from fragments of cdnas of candidate genes the cdna fragments must be cloned in plasmids with a flanking sp and t promoter eg psp or pcrii the plasmid is linearized and sense and antisense rnas are produced separately by in vitro transcription T3 purification the rna strands are annealed to yield a dsrna molecule suitable for rnai in avian embryos
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criglernajjar type disease is a rare inherited metabolic disease characterized by high C2 of unconjugated bilirubin due to the complete absence of hepatic uridine diphosphoglucuronateglucuronosyltransferase activity hepatocyte transplantation ht has been proposed as an alternative treatment for CN syndrome but it is still limited by the SQ and the low engraftment and repopulation ability of the cells used because of their attachment capability and expression of adhesion molecules as well as the higher proportion of hepatic progenitor cells neonatal HCs may have an advantage over adult cells AD or neonatal hepatocytes were transplanted into gunn rats a MM for CN disease engraftment and repopulation were studied and compared by immunofluorescence if additionally the serum bilirubin C2 the presence of bilirubin conjugates in rat serum and the expression of UR diphosphate GT family polypeptide a ugta in rat CL samples were also analyzed here we show that neonatal ht results in LT correction in gunn rats in comparison with AD cells neonatal cells showed better engraftment and repopulation capability days and months after transplantation respectively bilirubinemia decreased in the transplanted animals during the whole exp followup months bilirubin conjugates were also present in the serum of the Tx animals western blots and if confirmed the presence and expression of ugta in the CL this work is the first to demonstrate the advantage of using neonatal HCs for the treatment of criglernajjar in vivo
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the purpose of this study was to design a novel in vitro tool by using recombinant protein technology to qualify the whole reagent preparation procedure to be used to quantify rabies viral antigen preparation in a simple and rapid format for potency control of rabies vaccines ad is a neutralizing monoclonal antibody directed against the RGP that binds to native conformational antigenic site iii in the present study the dna fragments encoding the variable domains of ad were inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector so as to produce a singlechain fv antibody fragment scfv genetically fused to the bacterial alkaline phosphatase ap the recombinant FP preserved both the ap enzymatic activity and the Fab activity against the RGP nearly MZ to the parental antibody and was used successfully in different assays including elisa dotblot and cell SC tests the present T0 shows that the genetic FP provides a new tool for OS rabies virus immunodetection which can be produced in homogeneous bifunctional reagent easily quickly and reproducibly in addition this recombinant immunoconjugate is a promising alternative reagent for applications involving immunodetection it presents a similar sensitivity and specificity to that obtained with CP reagents
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competencybased curricula have been implemented at the medical college of GA to prepare students to meet entry level competencies as physical therapists and physical therapist assistants criteriareferenced evaluations are used to determine if students have achieved the desired competencies performance is measured against the criteria and not other students the process of developing the system currently in use at the medical college of georgia is delineated in some detail and some of the advantages of the system for physical therapy education are discussed
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tomographic methods are used for the investigation of threedimensional compressible flow fields by means of interferometric methods a modified algebraic reconstruction technique algorithm is applied the algorithm proved to give reliable reconstructions from experimentally measured projection data in the case of an unrestricted angular view the method was used for the reconstruction of density distributions of weakly perturbed supersonic free jets exiting from a deformed laval nozzle even small perturbations of the jet resulted in significant threedimensional effects reconstruction of a multiple system of jets emanating from a sievelike nozzle showed mutual interactions between the constituent jets for the investigation of unsteady flows a setup for the recording of holographic interferograms was designed here because of exp restrictions only a limited angular range of views was accessible in the context of this limitedview geometry reconstructions revealed considerable distortions for objects containing steep gradients
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since the differential diagnosis between cyclosporine cya nephrotoxicity and acute graft AAR is still a problem in clinical routine we studied retrospectively the value of in in platelet scintigraphy in patients immunosuppressed with cya and prednisolone autologous platelets were labeled once per week after daily gamma camera imaging the PLT deposition in the graft was expressed as plateletuptake ratio pur the patients were monitored during the first weeks after surgery pur values measured during an episode of graft dysfunction were compared to the histological diagnosis the pur of wellfunctioning and stable grafts measured mean sd the in platelet scintigraphy failed to register acute interstitial AAR the pur values in episodes of CVR of ATN due to prolonged ischemia times of tubular cya nephrotoxicity and of cytomegalovirus cmv infection did not differ from the pur of wellfunctioning and SD grafts as well the pur was significantly increased to because of a marked PLT deposition in the VG in episodes of AVR in cases of microvascular cya nephrotoxicity the same phenomenon of significantly increased pur could be encountered too two of these cases resembled the HUS hus the value of pur measurement for diagnosis of acute vascular rejection and microvascular cya nephrotoxicity together was sensitivity specificity predictive value of positive result predictive value of negative result abstract truncated at words
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this T0 presents data on hla phenotypes of unrelated patients suffering from idiopathic peyronies disease this first investigation on hla class ii antigens detected an association of DR and dqw in this disorder hla typing was done from acdstabilized peripheral blood using the modified lymphocytotoxicity test antigen frequencies of the patient group were compared with those of healthy individuals of the local population there were no deviations of frequencies for antigens of the b crossreacting group as described in earlier studies in addition none of the other class i antigens hlaa b c showed any significant deviation in frequencies after correction of p values regarding class ii antigens hladr was detected in the patient group in compared with of the control population QTc p the closely linked antigen dqw was found in compared with Pc not only genetic factors can be stated by these findings as hladr and dqw are known to be the typical associated antigens of organospecific autoimmune disorders this suggests possible autoimmunological factors in this disorder of otherwise unknown etiology
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a procedure was developed to isolate mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts of a high degree of intactness and low crosscontamination lightinduced co fixation of isolated chloroplasts was similar to that of protoplasts and cells in that it was low and was stimulated by the addition of exogenous substrates o evolution was absent in both bundle sheath chloroplasts and cells the flashinduced nm absorbance change of IN mesophyll chloroplasts showed a biphasic rise previously known to be a characteristic only of intact algae with bundle sheath chloroplasts or cells no nm signal could be detected in the presence of μmol l phenazine methosulphate BS chloroplasts exhibited a flashinduced nm signal with a monophasic rise and amplitude comparable to that of the mesophyll chloroplasts a similar signal was obtained with bundle sheath chloroplasts suspended in an extract prepared from the mesophyll tissue both the ATP stimulation of the co fixation and the reconstitution of the nm signal in bundle sheath chloroplasts by the mesophyll extract indicate the requirement of cooperation between the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of maize leaves
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qrs widening and qt prolongation are associated with bupropion the objectives were to elucidate its cardiac electrophysiological properties patchclamp technique was used to assess the ikr iks and ina blocking effects of BUP langendorff retroperfusion technique on isolated guineapig hearts was used to evaluate the mapd map amplitude phase dvdt and ecgmodulating effects of BUP and of two gap junction IC inhibitors glycyrrhetinic acid and heptanol to evaluate their effects on cardiac intercellular communication FRAP frap technique was used BUP is an ikr blocker ic was estimated at μm in contrast bupropion had hardly any effect on iks and ina BUP had no significant mapd modulating effect however as glycyrrhetinic acid and heptanol BUP caused important reductions in map amplitude and phase dvdt a modest but significant qrswidening effect of bupropion was also observed frap experiments confirmed that BUP inhibits gap junctional IC qt prolongation during bupropion overdosage is due to its ikr blocking effect qrs widening with bupropion is not related to cardiac sodium channel block bupropion rather mimics the qrswidening map amplitude and phase dvdt reducing effect of glycyrrhetinic acid and heptanol unlike class i antiarrhythmics bupropion causes cardiac conduction disturbances by reducing cardiac intercellular coupling
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selfinactivating sin retroviral vectors contain a deletion spanning most of the right long terminal repeats ltrs u region reverse transcription copies this deletion to both ltrs as a result there is no transcription from the ltr preventing further replication many previously developed sin vectors however had reduced titers or were genetically unstable earlier we reported that certain sin vectors derived from spleen necrosis virus snv experienced reconstitution of the udeleted ltr at high frequencies this reconstitution occurred on the dna level and appeared to be dependent on defined vector sequences to T0 this phenomenon in more detail we developed an almost completely ufree retroviral vector the promoter and enhancer of the left ltr were replaced with those of the cytomegalovirus immediateearly genes this promoter swap did not impair the level of transcription or alter its start site our data indicate that snv contains a strong initiator which resembles that of human immunodeficiency virus we show that the vectors replicate with efficiencies similar to those of vectors possessing two wildtype ltrs udeleted vectors carrying the hygromycin b PTS gene did not observably undergo ltr reconstitution even when replicated in helper cells containing snvltr sequences however vectors carrying the neomycin resistance gene did undergo ltr reconstitution with the use of homologous helper cell ltr sequences as template this supports our earlier finding that sequences within the neomycin resistance gene can trigger recombination
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stressactivated protein kinases sapks members of a MAP kinase mapk subfamily are highly conserved among eukaryotes studies of yeasts demonstrated that sapks play pivotal roles in survival responses to high osmolarity oxidative stress and heat shock here we report a novel physiological role of the fission yeast spc sapk in cellular resistance to certain cations such as na li and ca strains lacking spc or its activator wis mapk kinase are hypersensitive to these cations spc positively regulates expression of sod encoding a nah antiporter through atf and other transcription AF in addition we have identified a novel spcinteracting protein hal which is highly rat to the budding yeast sathal protein kinase like its budding yeast counterpart the fission yeast hal kinase is essential for cellular resistance to na li and ca the halnull phenotype is complemented by overexpression of the trk potassium transporter or increased k in the growth medium suggesting that hal promotes k uptake which consequently increases cellular resistance to other cations interestingly the spchal interaction appears to be required for cellular resistance to ca but not na and li we propose that spc sapk and hal kinase cooperatively CF to protect cells from the toxic cations
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the indole alkaloid venenatine exhibited antifungal activity against some plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungi venenatine in an AQ acetic acid solution inhibited spore germination of all the tested fungi fusarium udum alternaria brassicicola ustilago cynodontis and aspergillus flavus showed an especially high sensitivity towards this compound exhibiting germination levels below the spore germination and colony OD of the parasitic fungus erysiphe pisi which causes powdery mildew in pea pisum sativum on excised leaves of pea was also significantly affected preinoculation rather than post inoculation treatment of the leaves was more GABA against spore germination and colony development
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animal experiments have shown that severe haemorrhage often is characterized by an initial general increase in sympathetic activity leading to an increase in HR rate and a subsequent vagally mediated reversible decrease in HR rate it is likely that the decrease in HR rate is triggered by mechanoreceptors situated in the left ventricle the receptors are supposed to be G1 by a reduction in endsystolic volume occurring as a result of a decrease in venous return concomitant with the initial increase in HR rate sa vagovagal reflex elicited from and returning to the heart is thereby G1 resulting in a slowing of the HR it has been hypothesized that the left VVI receptors are activated when the IVT contracts around an almost bloodless chamber the decrease in HR rate may allow for an increased filling of the HR and an improved coronary perfusion however these experimental observations are in clear contradiction to the general description of the RII mechanisms operating during haemorrhagic shock in man as presented by authoritative medical surgical and anesthesiological textbooks until now the oversimplified notion has been that progressive haemorrhage results in an increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system leading to an increase in heart rate and that the occurrence of bradycardia was a sign of irreversible shock the present systematic measurements in patients in haemorrhagic shock showed that the HR rate during severe haemorrhage often was normal mean value beatsmin range bpm simultaneous measurements of plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide an index of vagal activity indicated that organs other than the HR also were exposed to increased vagal activity a marked increase in the plasma concentration of vasopressin was not a constant finding as it was during the experimentalinduced hypotensive central hypovolemia this difference may be due to a decline in the PR of vasopressin during prolonged haemorrhage in order to elucidate essential regulatory mechanisms behind the clinical observations CE hypovolemia was induced experimentally by HUT lowerbody negative pressure A-V tourniquets of the thighs plus haemorrhage and by EPI anesthesia the initial stage of CE hypovolemia was characterized by an increase in sympathetic nervous activity resulting in an increase in heart rate activation of the reninangiotensinaldosterone system occurred prior to marked increases in PC of vasopressin during progression of the CE hypovolemia a qualitative shift in the regulatory mechanisms was evidentabstract truncated at words
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ophthalmological examination and visual evoked responses vers were repeated at mean months T3 the first attack of acute optic neuritis in patients who had abnormal vers in symptomatic eyes at the initial examination the wide field ver returned to within the normal range in symptomatic eyes fifteen percent of patients had completely normal vers at followup the yield of ver abnormalities was increased by thd the glycemic response to pasta we gave testmeal breakfasts to diabetic patients macaroni had a significantly greater glycemic index gi than spaghetti p less than the gi of star pastina was intermediate the gi of spaghetti was not significantly affected by cooking for or min and respectively or by protein enrichment the gi of spaghetti was similar in noninsulindependent and insulindependent diabetic patients compared with we conclude that different types of pasta may produce different glycemic responses but that these are not necessarily related to differences in cooking or SA
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ship is an important regulator of immune cell signaling that functions to dephosphorylate the phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate at the BPM and mediate proteinprotein interactions one established paradigm for ship activation involves its recruitment to the phosphoitim motif of the GABA receptor fcγriib although ship is essential for the inhibitory function of fcγriib it also has critical modulating functions in signaling initiated from activating immunoreceptors such as b cell ag receptor in this study we found that ship is indistinguishably recruited to the plasma membrane after bcr stimulation with or without fcγriib coligation in human cell lines and primary cells interestingly fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis reveals differential mobility of shipenhanced gfp depending on the mode of stimulation suggesting that although bcr and fcγriib can both recruit ship this occurs via distinct molecular complexes mutagenesis of a shipenhanced gfp fusion protein reveals that the shipsrc homology domain is essential in both cases whereas the c terminus is required for recruitment via bcr stimulation but is less important with fcγriib coligation experiments with pharmacological inhibitors reveal that syk activity is required for optimal stimulationinduced membrane localization of ship whereas neither pik or src kinase activity is essential bcrinduced association of ship with IB partner shc is dependent on syk as is tyrosine phosphorylation of both partners our results indicate that fcγriib is not uniquely able to promote membrane recruitment of ship but rather modulates its CF via formation of distinct signaling complexes membrane recruitment of ship via sykdependent mechanisms may be an important factor modulating immunoreceptor signaling
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aspirin intolerance in patients with chronic sinusitis is often a cause of early recurrence of symptoms after surgical treatment this study assesses patients who were tested for acetylsalicylic acid intolerance T3 presenting with symptoms like chronic rhinosinusitis sometimes BA coexisting allergies or a history of aspirin sensitivity nasal polyposis was found in a majority of cases often recurrent after previous surgery the C2 of eicosanoids such as peptidoleukotrienes and prostaglandin e were analyzed in isolated blood cells and compared with a healthy control group aspirinintolerant patients showed elevated basal levels of peptidoleukotrienes and reduced basal C2 of prostaglandin e test results were graded in a system ranging from positive signifying aspirin intolerance to BL and negative results T3 screening patients with clinical findings indicating a possible aspirin intolerance the results of this investigation reveal a strong correlation between the clinical symptomatology and the in vitro parameters of eicosanoid C2 in isolated blood cells indicating the need to induce aspirin tolerance to reduce the risk of recurrent rhinosinusitis
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SN expressing the substance p sp receptor nk receptor in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus scn have been topographically identified using radioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry in the AHA clustered labeled neurons of small size and exhibiting low levels of gene expression are observed exclusively at the DL SM of the scn straddling cytoarchitectural boundaries of the nucleus the marginal topography of SN putative target of a spcontaining retinal input to the VP scn indicates that their dendrites bearing the receptor extend towards the retinorecipient part of the nucleus where they can be modulated by overlapping inputs from the intergeniculate leaflet and the raphe eventual interactions between glutamatergic and putative tachykininergic retinal pathways for a coherent photic control of circadian rhythms may therefore occur mainly via intrinsic neuronal connections between their distinct target populations in addition since glutamate and sp induce EP responses in VL SN with no interactive effect SN integrating both chemical signals subsequently to their modulation by several influences may be not located within the ventrolateral scn alternatively but not exclusively marginal SN could be a target of spcontaining neurons within the scn or nearby the nucleus or from ascending projections from the raphé where serotonin and sp colocalize the marginal topography of SN expressing the SPR supports the view of the involvement of neurons located in the vicinity of the nucleus in the regulation of circadian rhythms
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the presence of membrane vesicles containing an atpdriven h pump was demonstrated in rat kidney cortex TH using the delta phsensitive dye AO ao these LDV were purified by differential and percoll density gradient centrifugation atpdriven h uptake was about fold EC compared with the homogenate determination of marker enzyme MICs indicated that these vesicles do not originate from brush border and basolateral membranes lysosomes endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria golgi membranes or red blood cells the identity with brush border membranes was further excluded by the absence of nah exchange renal cortical endocytotic LDV that had taken up horseradish peroxidase or fluorescein isothiocyanatelabeled dextran fitcdextran T3 injection of these substances into rats in vivo comigrated with the h pump activity on the percoll gradient similar characteristics of the h pump demonstrated by the ao method and by fluorescence changes of in vivo trapped fitcdextran proved the identity of h pumpcontaining vesicles with endocytotic vesicles atpdriven h uptake into endocytotic vesicles was stimulated by cl and weakly inhibited by oligomycin nethylmaleimide dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and dio were stronger inhibitors histochemical studies revealed that horseradish peroxidasefilled endocytotic LDV are localized in the apical region of S3 cells an h pump with similar characteristics but much lower activity was found in brush border membranes basolateral membranes and mitochondria isolated by standard techniques suggesting a possible contamination of these S9 with endocytotic vesicles
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four CG of rat pups were reared MR control wellfed and undernourished mrc mru and artificiallyreared control and undernourished arc aru ar rats were fed expressed rats milk days mixtures of rats milk and milk substitute days and milk substitute only days by intermittent infusion via a gastric cannula undernutrition imposed from days was effected initially by underfeeding the mother mru or by infusing restricted quantities of milk aru weaning was at days and undernutrition from days was by restricting the supply of solid food all rats were fed ad lib from days from weeks male rats were subjected to behavioural tests open field social behaviour encounters between rats of like TG and barpressing for food crf fr vi vi and extinction previously undernourished rats responded at higher rates on fr received fewer rewards on vi and displayed more aggression during SI these findings may reflect direct effects of nutrition on BB growth in the open field and social situations aru were generally less active than arc animals whereas mru and mrc rats differed little these results are discussed in terms of mru pups being maternally buffered against the worst effects of undernutrition and arc rats displaying characteristics of early stimulated animals
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new fluorinated inhibitors have been designed to target two major proteaseshuman leucocyte elastase and hiv protease two series of betapeptidyl trifluoromethyl alcohols tfmas zlvalnhchychohcf where c is the chiral centre varied in the nature of the substituent y a phenylethyl chch or an isopropyl chch group these tfmas were first synthesized as two pairs of the syn and anti diastereoisomers the GABA effects of these mixtures were then assessed on three serine PRs chosen on the basis of the aromatic and aliphatic nature of the substituentshuman leucocyte elastase hle human cathepsin g hcg and porcine pancreatic elastase ppe in the presence of detectable inhibition each epimer at c was separated to determine its inhibition constant ki towards hle hcg and ppe the stereoisomerically pure tfmas were then Ox into peptidyl trifluoromethyl ketones tfmks for similar inhibition assays the absolute configuration of the compounds remained unknown one epimer at c of each syn and anti tfma with the phenylethyl substituent behaved as a competitive inhibitor towards hle and hcg with inhibition constants below the millimolar range whereas their tfmk counterparts were noninhibitors in the second series the two ketones inhibited both elastases with ki values in the micromolar range whereas only the syn tfma was AS towards hle ki x m the tested EDC also had structural properties compatible with recognition by hiv protease the inhibition of the enzyme was observed with tfmk only ic microm the phenylethyl substituent promoted inhibition by a factor of ic microm compared with the isopropyl substituent ic microm leading to selective inhibition of hiv protease isomerically pure tfmks were more potent towards hle than the alcohols from which they were obtained however an enantiomerically pure tfma selectively inhibited hle unlike its tfmk analogue which also inhibited ppe this last result together with the selective inhibition of hiv protease by tfmk with a phenylethyl substituent might be relevant to the design of TPS hle and hiv inhibitors as therapeutic agents
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we use functional nearinfrared spectroscopy fnirs to discriminate the alert and drowsy states for a passive braincomputer interface bci the passive brain signals for the drowsy state are acquired from the prefrontal and DL prefrontal SC the experiment is performed on healthy subjects using a driving simulator and their brain activity is recorded using a continuouswave fnirs system LDA lda is employed for training and testing using the data from the prefrontal left and rightdorsolateral prefrontal regions for classification eight features are tested mean oxyhemoglobin mean deoxyhemoglobin skewness kurtosis signal slope number of peaks sum of peaks and signal peak in and second time windows respectively the results show that the best performance for classification is achieved using mean oxyhemoglobin the signal peak and the sum of peaks as features the average accuracies in the RA DL prefrontal cortex and in the and second time windows respectively show that the proposed method has an ERP utility for PCD of drowsiness for a passive bci
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monoamines acting as hormones and neurotransmitters play a critical role in multiple physiological processes ranging from cognitive CF and mood to sympathetic NS activity fightorflight response and gl homeostasis in addition to brain and blood monoamines are abundant in several tissues and dysfunction in their synthesis or signaling is associated with various pathological conditions it was our goal to develop a method to detect these EDC in peripheral murine tissues in this study we employed a highperformance liquid chromatography method using EC PCD that allows not only detection of CAs but also a detailed analysis of nine monoamines and metabolites in murine tissues simple tissue extraction procedures were optimized for muscle gastrocnemius extensor digitorum longus and soleus CL pancreas and white adipose tissue in the range of weight mg the system allowed a limit of PCD between and pg μl
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covalently closed singlestranded circular rnas circrnas are a class of newly discovered endogenous rnas involved in the pathological process of various types of diseases through sponging micrornas mirnas however the role of circrnas in diabetic cataract dc is unclear our previous studies have demonstrated that mirp was expressed more lowly in dc than the NCs but whether it relates to the sponge CF of circrnas remains unknown this study aimed to identify differentially expressed circrnas in dc tissues and investigate the interaction between circrnas and mirp in the development of cataract rnasequencing based circrna expression profiling was determined in dc lens tissues as well as transparent lens tissues and circrnas were significantly differentially expressed in the dc group compared to the normal control group p ⤠fold NC ⥠gene ontology go and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes kegg pathway analyses were applied to predict the function of these differentially expressed circrnas and the top ten enriched go entries and kegg pathways were annotated expression levels of the two candidate circrnas having conserved interaction with mirp were validated by qrtpcr showing that the change direction of these circrnas was consistent with the rnasequencing data moreover circkmte was upregulated more than two folds in dc lens tissues compared with normal tissues exhibiting an expression trend opposite to mirp bioinformatics analysis showed that there were totally four seed sequences of circkmte on hsamirp thus we speculated that circkmte may function as a sponge molecule of mirp and play a role in the pathogenesis of dc although the exact mechanisms need further validation our study found that the differentially expressed circrnas was involved in the pathogenesis of dc which can provide a new target for nonsurgical treatment of dc
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it has been proposed that exercise capacity during whole body exercise in postinfarction congestive HF chf patients is limited by skeletal muscle function we therefore investigated the balance between CP and muscular metabolic capacity chf patients n and HS HS n were included patients with PD disease cad n were included as a control for medication all subjects performed a stepwise incremental load test during bicycling â¼ kg muscle mass twolegged knee extensor ke exercise â¼ kg MM and onelegged knee extensor ke exercise â¼ kg MM PP and peak pulmonary oxygen uptake vopeak increased and musclespecific vopeak decreased with an increasing MM involved in the exercise peak SP and vopeak were lower for chf patients than HS with values for cad patients falling between chf patients and hs during bicycling all groups utilized of the musclespecific vopeak as measured during ke exercise with no difference between the CG hence the muscle metabolic reserve capacity during whole body exercise is not different between chf patients and HS indicating that appropriately medicated and SD postinfarction chf patients are not more limited by intrinsic skeletal muscle properties during whole body exercise than hs
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epidemiological and animalbased investigations have indicated that the development of skin cancer is in part associated with poor dietary practices lipid content and subsequently the derived fatty acid composition of the diet are believed to play a L1 role in the OD of tumorigenesis omega omega fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid dha and EPA epa can effectively reduce the risk of skin cancer whereas omega omega fatty acids such as AA acid aa reportedly promote risk to investigate the effects of fatty acids on tumorigenesis we performed experiments to examine the effects of the omega fatty acids epa and dha and of the omega fatty acid aa on phorbol tetradecanoate acetate tpainduced or epidermal growth factor egfinduced transcription activator protein ap TA and on the subsequent cellular transformation in a mouse epidermal jb cell model dha treatment resulted in marked inhibition of tpa and egfinduced cell transformation by inhibiting ap TA epa treatment also inhibited tpainduced ap TA and cell transformation but had no effect on egfinduced transformation aa treatment had no effect on either tpa or egfinduced ap transactivation or transformation but did abrogate the inhibitory effects of dha on tpa or egfinduced ap TA and cell transformation in a dosedependent manner the results of this study demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of omega fatty acids on tumorigenesis are more significant for dha than for epa and are related to an inhibition of ap similarly because aa abrogates the beneficial effectss expressed in the PSM but not in the notochord or lateral plate mesoderm finally xfdfoxfb is expressed in the lateral SP mesoderm but not in the notochord or presomitic mesoderm expression DP and PET experiments indicate that these three forkhead genes are involved in the dorsoventral patterning of the mesoderm
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