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the aim of the T0 was to assess suicide risk in psychiatric outpatients with and without somatization disorder a total sample of psychiatric outpatients was used in the study of whom met diagnostic criteria for SD the results indicated that somatization disorder was significantly associated with suicide attempts even when the effects of both a comorbid MD and a comorbid personality disorder were statistically controlled for the results suggest that although a patient meets the criteria for a principal diagnosis of major depressive disorder andor a personality disorder it is still of significant importance to decide whether or not the patient also meets the criteria for a somatization disorder in order to more optimally assess suicide risk the findings highlight the fact that the potential for suicide in patients with somatization disorder should not be overlooked when a diagnosable depressive disorder or personality disorder is not present | MEDAL |
the ex vivo sensitivity of pediatric CEM to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib was compared to next generation proteasome inhibitors the epoxyketonebased irreversible proteasome inhibitors carfilzomib its orally bioavailable analog onx and the immunoproteasome inhibitor onx lc values were determined by mtt cytotoxicity assays for childhood B-ALL and acute ML patient samples and correlated with protein expression C2 of the constitutive proteasome subunits β β β and their immunoproteasome counterparts βi βi βi B-ALL cells were up to fold more CS to proteasome inhibitors than AML one cells p and the combination of bortezomib and dexamethasone proved additivesynergistic in the majority of patient specimens although total proteasome levels in B-ALL and acute myeloid leukemia cells did not differ significantly the ratio of immunoconstitutive proteasome was markedly higher in ALL leukemia cells over acute ML cells in both ALL one and acute ML increased ratios of βiβ βiβ and βiβ correlated with increased sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors together differential expression C2 of constitutive and immunoproteasomes in pediatric ALL one and AML leukemia constitute an underlying mechanism of sensitivity to bortezomib and new generation proteasome inhibitors which may further benefit from synergistic combination therapy with drugs including GCs | MEDAL |
male WR weighting g were divided in six CG of animals per group group a and f served as control CG b c d and e received acrylamide at mgkg body weight for days and CG c and e received additionally vitamin e iukg body weight for to days and nd days of experiment respectively the animals from CG a b and c were sacrificed on day th of experiment and from CG d e and f on nd day of experiment respectively there was significant decrease in the total sperm count and significant increase in the dead sperm count on day th of T0 due to acrylamide toxicity at recovery period there was significant increase in the total sperm count of vitaminetreated group of animals as compared to UT toxicated rats but values were significantly lower than control animals microscopically the lesions in the testes of acrylamide intoxicated rats at th day revealed destruction of seminiferous tubules at periphery no spermatid and spermatocytes were seen in the seminiferous tubules detachment of spermatogonial cells started at periphery of ST atrophy of ST was a constant finding some tubules showed vacuolar degenerative changes in germinal epithelium during the recovery period destruction of seminiferous tubules detachment of spermatogonial cells and atrophy of ST were observed in group d and e few sections revealed only spermatogonial cells at recovery period vitaminetreated rats revealed somewhat better architecture of the ST late spermatids were seen in few ST and other revealed starting of spermatogenesis thus it appears that vitamin e is not able to protect testes from acrylamide toxicity during AS feeding but T3 cessation of acrylamide feeding treatment with vitamin e revealed faster recovery as compare to not treated group | MEDAL |
betadglucan synthase a L1 cell wall synthesis enzyme is the target of antifungal drugs of the lipopeptide class aspergillus fumigatus betadglucan synthase was prepared and its activity was measured by incorporation of cglucose from udpucglucose into an insoluble CP in the presence of alphaamylase solubilization of the betadglucan synthase was attempted with several detergents and the maximum percent solubilization was obtained with a polyoxyethylene ether detergent w up to of CEA and of total protein were recovered when mgml membrane S9 were extracted with w at degrees c overnight confirmation of the presence of a betadglucose polymer synthesized by this glucan synthase was done by three methods the first was enzymatic end product degradation by alphaamylase no degradation and betaglucanase to degradation the second was gas chromatographymass spectroscopy analysis of the partially methylated alditol acetate derivatives prepared from total carbohydrate polymers present in the sample this method identified the presence of and glucosidic linkages the third was highperformance anion exchange chromatography of radioactive oligosaccharides this method allowed differentiation of the newly synthesized radioactive polymers from the contaminating carbohydrates already present in the preparation the results showed that the CP synthesized comprised OS consistent with betalinked sugars maximal inhibition of the betadglucan synthase by the lipopeptide antifungal agent cilofungin was DR experiments with this inhibitor showed that the solubilized enzyme was maximally inhibited at a cilofungin concentration of microgramml and showed inhibition at microgramml the apparent km km app for the solubilized glucan synthase was microm and the apparent ki ki app for cilofungin was microm inhibition of afumigatus betadglucan synthase with cilofungin was MK-801 as it was for the candida albicans betadglucan synthase | MEDAL |
the hippocampus is essentially involved in learning and SM and is known to be a target for androgen actions as neuronastrocyte interactions play a crucial role during OD and in the AD brain it is thought that astrocytes support learning and SM through TPS mechanisms in this study the effect of testosteroneinduced impairment of acquisition and retrieval of longterm SM on the number of astrocytes was studied AD male albino WR were bilaterally cannulated into the ca region and received microg microl of testosterone enanthate dissolved in dmso as vehicle in TR groups injection was done min before training our results showed that pretraining administration of testosterone increased escape RL and the traveled distance as compared to intact or dmso po shamoperated counterparts testosterone administration also increased the number of astrocytes in rats compared to shamoperated and IN animals in both TR and NT groups we have also found that spatial learning could increase the number of astrocytes in the hippocampus as a center of longterm learning and memory and recall it is concluded that testosteroneinduced impairment in learning and memory causes an increase in the number of astrocytes in the ca region of rat hippocampus | MEDAL |
the lethality of elapid snake venoms is due to toxic polypeptides which are alphaneurotoxins phospholipases a and cardiotoxins in contrast to alphaneurotoxins less is known about the mode of action of phospholipases a and cardiotoxins at a cellular and molecular level although it has been demonstrated that the hemolytic effect of cardiotoxin and its action on muscle can be accelerated in vitro by phospholipase a here we show that when mice are injected iv with phospholipase a a significant decrease in survival time is observed if a subld amount of cardiotoxin is injected simultaneously furthermore the survival time is drastically reduced when phospholipase a ld is injected first followed min later by doses of cardiotoxin as small as ld these results strongly suggest a synergy between the two polypeptides | MEDAL |
magnetosomes represent magnetic NPs with unprecedented characteristics both their crystal morphology and the composition of the enveloping membrane can be manipulated by genetic means allowing the display of functiontients treated with intravenous thrombolysis ivt we aim to investigate the association between the egfr and dynamic changes in the egfr after ivt with allcause mortality in ais patients a total of ais patients treated with ivt between may and may were included in the final analysis serum creatinine was measured at admission and within h after ivt the main outcomes included month allcause mortality and L1 adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events macce during the month followup patients died from all causes mortality was associated with a reduced egfr at admission adjusted hazard ratio hr confidence interval ci p trend and within h T3 ivt adjusted hr ci p trend mortality was negatively correlated with increased egfr after ivt adjusted hr ci p trend additionally a reduced egfr after ivt was also associated with increased risk of macce adjusted hr ci p trend using a multivariable cox regression model with restricted cubic splines we observed an lshaped association between the egfr and month allcause mortality and macce and observed a linear association between dynamic changes in the egfr and month allcause mortality a reduced egfr and dynamic decreases in the egfr after ivt independently predict month allcause mortality in ais patients | MEDAL |
this T0 was undertaken to investigate the response rate TTF and survival time of patients with hepatocellular CA hcc treated with betainterferon or menogaril sixtynine patients with histologically confirmed T3 measurable hepatocellular carcinoma were randomized to receive IFN or menogaril eligibility criteria included an eastern cooperative oncology group ecog performance status of or as well as adequate kidney and LF and hematologic reserve the number of patients with lethal lifethreatening and severe toxicities on IFN were and and on menogaril and respectively no objective responses were documented among the patients who had hcc histologically reviewed and confirmed the TTF was weeks on IFN and weeks on menogaril the median survival time was weeks on betainterferon and weeks on menogaril south african patients weeks the difference is not significant poor prognostic AF were jaundice age and associated SH T3 controlling for other covariates betainterferon appears to increase the relative risk of dying by this trichanges in the pancreas blockade of the cck receptor results in decreased pancreatic secretion and atrophy the aim of this T0 was to evaluate the timecourse of the effects of stimulation and inhibition of the ccka receptor in the rat exocrine pancreas male rats had infusion of sulfated cck the ccka receptor antagonist devazepide or sodium chloride by osmotic minipumps after h or d the rats had ip i.v. of thymidine and h later they were sacrificed the pancreas was excised weighed and its content of protein dna water and enzymes was analyzed histologic samples were prepared for ARG pancreatic weight protein and dna were increased at h after the start of cck infusion and throughout the study period cck stimulation also increased the content of TR at days and the labeling index of pancreatic acinar cells was increased at h blockade of endogenous cck by the receptor antagonist devazepide led to decreased pancreatic weight from the third day of infusion whereas the protein content was decreased from the seventh day at day the dna content was decreased by devazepide however the labeling index of acinar cells decreased transiently already at h neither cck nor devazepide caused any changes of protein contentdna content ratio during the T0 continuous infusion of cck caused pancreatic hyperplasia already after h stimulation up to d did not cause any further effects the adverse changes found after blockade of the ccka receptor showed much of the same timecourse | MEDAL |
T3 castrationresistant prostate cancer has high mortality rates and limited treatment options novel therapies are needed to better contend with this disease polysaccharidek® psk an extract of the mushroom trametes versicolor has immunomodulatory and tumor suppressive MICs psk is used in asia as a cancer immunotherapy however its benefit in combination with taxanes for prostate cancer is unknown we examined whether psk would enhance docetaxelinduced apoptosis and augment antitumor immune responses in orthotopic tumors using transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate trampcbearing mice combining psk with docetaxel induced significantly higher RT suppression than either treatment alone p including a reduction in tumor proliferation and enhanced apoptosis combined psk and docetaxel treatment led to a lower decrease in number of white blood cells than docetaxel CT an effect accompanied by increased numbers of tumorinfiltrating cd and cd t cells psk with or without docetaxel significantly enhanced mrna expression of ifnγ compared to control but did not significantly alter tregulatory foxp mrna expression in PT psk also augmented docetaxelinduced splenic A-NK cell cytolytic activity against yac target cells p this T0 is the first to show that psk enhances docetaxelinduced prostate cancer RT suppression apoptosis and antitumor responses | MEDAL |
brushborder membrane LDV bbmv from chick gallus gallus kidneys were used to examine possible pathways of pi transport associated with pi secretion preloading with mm pi transstimulated pi uptake in the absence of na indicating facilitation insidepositive Vc mm k out in valinomycin increased pi uptake from to pmolmg proteins at ph in out gradients characterized by extravesicular ph pho of vs intravesicular ph phi of mm k out in without and with valinomycin further increased uptake to and pmolmg proteins respectively carbonyl cyanide mchlorophenylhydrazone cccp had no effect on the latter response but with mm k in out valinomycin decreased the response more than onehalf implicating a h diffusion potential generation of this potential with pho vs phi and cccp did not drive concentrative pi uptake in absence of k parathyroid hormone pth treatment significantly increased this bbmv k and voltagedependent pi uptake compared with the parathyroidectomized ptx condition the values of maximal uptake rate vmax in pth vs ptx bbmv were and pmolmg proteins respectively kdependent transport was inhibited by arsenate phosphonoacetic acid and vanadate together the data indicate that this pthsensitive voltage and kdependent monovalent pi transporter could be the mechanism by which pi exits celltolumen during renal tubular pi secretion | MEDAL |
respiratory maneuvers can uncover manifestations of MI some pulse wave characteristics are associated with significant coronary i.a. disease scad an innovative test using the respiratory AS response rsr has been developed for the PCD of scad based on SA of finger pulse wave oscillations measured using photoplethysmography ppg during deep paced breathing at a rate of breaths per minute hz for seconds we evaluated this test rsr as an indicator of scad | MEDAL |
in the present study we have characterized properties of steroid withdrawal using a PSP rat MM this paradigm results in increased production of endogenous progesterone from ovarian sources and as such is a useful physiological MM withdrawal from progesterone induced by ovariectomy on day of PSP resulted in increased anxiety as determined by a decrease in open arm entries on the elevated plus maze compared to control rats and pseudopregnant animals not undergoing withdrawal similar findings were obtained hr after administration of a alphareductase blocker to a PSP animal suggesting that it is the gabaamodulatory alphaohalphapregnanone alpha alphathp that produces anxiogenic withdrawal symptoms twentyfour hours T3 SW the time constant for decay of gabaagated current was also reduced sixfold assessed using whole cell patchclamp procedures on pyramidal SN acutely dissociated from ca hippocampus thus alphaalphathp withdrawal results in a marked decrease in total gabaa current a possible mechanism for its anxiogenic proconvulsant sequelae in addition alphaalphathp withdrawal resulted in insensitivity to the normally potentiating effect of the benzodiazepine lorazepam lzm on gabaagated cl current this withdrawal profile is similar to that reported for other gabaamodulatory drugs such as the benzodiazepines bdzs barbiturates and ethanol these changes were also associated with significant two and threefold increases in both the mrna and protein for the alpha subunit of the gabaa receptor respectively in hippocampus the pseudopregnancy paradigm may be a useful model for periods of endogenous alphaalphathp withdrawal such as premenstrual syndrome and postpartum or postmenopausal dysphoria when increased emotional lability and bdz insensitivity have been reported | MEDAL |
cartilage proteoglycan aggregate formation was studied by zonal rate centrifugation in sucrose gradients proteoglycan aggregates monomers and proteins could be resolved it was shown that the optimal proportion of hyaluronic acid for proteoglycan aggregate formation was about of proteoglycan dry weight the reaggregation of dissociated proteoglycan aggregate a fraction was markedly concentrationdependent and even at mgml only about of the aggregates were reformed the lowest proportion of LP required for maximal formation of linkstabilized proteoglycan aggregates was of proteoglycan dry weight it was separately shown that LP cosedimented with the proteoglycan monomer by competition with isolated hyaluronic acidbindingregion fragments a proportion of the link proteins was removed from the proteoglycan monomers indicating that the LP binds to the hyaluronic acidbinding region of the proteoglycan monomer | MEDAL |
a yearold woman had an undifferentiated RT originating in the cerebral dysgenetic lesion resembling fibrous cartilage she had a HA vomiting lateonset epilepsy and left hemiparesis the lesion was located in the right temporal lobe on computed tomographic ct scan it was totally resected and only local irradiation was performed postoperatively normal cortical architectures were lost in the resected specimens straight or curved fasciculi composed of fine collagen fibers were distributed in parallel and perpendicular to the cortical surface in the mildly eosinophilic hyaline matrix HCM astrocytes were scattered with low cellularity in these abnormal cortices clusters of tumor cells weined by means of mechanical keys on the tube of the suction set the objective of the work was to evaluate the influence of blood pressures in the area of the blood pump on the process of blood clotting in the haemoperfusion column the blood flow another factor influencing the intensity of blood clotting in the HP column was therefore the same in all experiments and constant in the course of their implementation the extent of thrombus formation was evaluated after completed haemoperfusion and destruction of the cover of the HP column by quantitative assessment of protein nitrogen referred to the weight of the adsorbent the authors maintain that poor suction of blood which precedes in clinical practice forced arrest of the circulation promotes the process of thrombus formation in the haemoperfusion column | MEDAL |
eighty patients with atopic eczema were treated with various beta diets some or all foods were withdrawn then later reintroduced singly to the diet in four patients reintroduction of a single food soya chicken corn cows milk caused anaphylactic shock in two patients spontaneous recovery occurred but in two resuscitation and intensive care were required anaphylaxis is a definite hazard of these elimination diets other than S1 the parents practical precautions are difficult because of the unpredictability of violent reactions and uncertainty about the life saving efficacy of injected adrenaline | MEDAL |
ureaplasma has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of both PT labour and neonatal morbidity particularly chronic lung disease of prematurity cld but despite numerous studies reviews and metaanalyses its exact role remains unclear many papers call for a definitive randomised con to determine if eradication of pulmonary ureaplasma decreases the rates of cld but few address in detail the obstacles to an adequately powered clinical trial we review the evidence for ureaplasma as a causative agent in cld asking why a randomised con has not been performed we surveyed the opinions of senior neonatologists in the uk on whether they felt that there was sufficient evidence for ureaplasma either causing or not causing cld and whether a definitive trial was needed as well as their views on the design of such a trial additionally we ascertained current practice with respect to ureaplasma PCD in preterm neonates in the uk there is clear support for an adequately powered randomised controlled clinical trial by senior neonatologists in the uk there are no reasons why a definitive trial cannot be conducted especially as the appropriate samples and methods to culture or identify the organism by pcr are already available | MEDAL |
between and five infants four males and one female with congenital hypopituitarism were born within a relatively sparsely populated area of central massachusetts an incidence fold greater than expected in all infants the pituitary stalk was undetectable on magnetic resonance imaging and a bright spot on t weighted imaging probably representing PP tissue was found ectopically located inferior to the median eminence the height of the anterior PIT remnant on magnetic resonance imaging varied from undetectable to mm and similarly on hormonal testing a spectrum of deficiencies of gh tsh acth and gonadotropin was observed the magnitude of the hypopituitarism was less in the three patients whose anterior PIT remnant was greater than mm and in them trh testing resulted in exaggerated tsh and prl responses suggestive of hypothalamic disease in contrast in the other two patients in whom the anterior pituitary remnant was less than mm in height hypopituitarism was more severe and trh administration resulted in little if any tsh or prl response characteristic of pituitary disease the size of the anterior pituitary remnant correlated significantly with that of the ectopic posterior pituitary bright spot p less than we conclude that patients with congenital hypopituitarism may exhibit a spectrum of hormonal responses varying from findings typical of hypothalamic to those characteristic of primary pituitary disease the pattern of hormonal responsiveness is dependent on the quantity of residual anterior pituitary tissue and probably results from abnormal transport of the hypothalamic hypophyseal releasing hormones rather than to any putative hypothalamic abnormality the significant rho between the size and function of the anterior PIT gland and the size of the ectopic PP remnant suggests that the fetal pituitary gland may secrete a factor necessary for the growth and descent of the neuroepithelium to form the infundibulum and PP gland | MEDAL |
in the clinical setting HD disease is associated with problems in judgment and decision making however the extent of these problems and their association with clinical characteristics have not been assessed recently a laboratorybased simulated GT has been used to quantify similar decisionmaking deficits in ventromedial FC lobe damaged participants we hypothesized that participants with HD disease hd would show deficits on this gambling task for this study hd participants were asked to make selections from four decks of cards with varied payoffs in order to maximize winnings of play money they were compared to participants with FPD pd and HCs after an initial period in which participants had to learn contingencies of the decks the hd group made fewer advantageous selections than the pd and control groups in hd the number of advantageous selections in the GT was correlated with measures of SM and conceptualization but not DIS thus people with hd may have had difficulties learning or remembering winloss contingencies of the decks or they may have failed to consistently take these into account in their card selections these findings are consistent with current models of frontalsubcortical BB circuits and SMB | MEDAL |
seven cases of single lung transplantation are reported the recipients were all below years of age and severely disabled with endstage lung disease transplantation was performed according to abo blood group compatibility and negative lymphocytotoxic crossmatch between donor and recipient irrespective of hla mismatch recipients diagnoses were SA alfa antitrypsin deficiency and idiopathic emphysema mean recipient age was years range donor age was years range the IS regimen included cyclosporin a azathioprine steroids and rb antithymocyte globulin excellent VG CF was achieved six patients survived the postoperative period and are alive months posttransplant one patient died T3 the T0 due to pneumonia with RDS VG CF was also monitored by transbronchial biopsy and biopsy procedures were performed without fatal complications acute cellular AAR was seen in biopsy specimens from recipients grade and AAR in grade rejection in neither severe AAR with septal necrosis grade nor obliterative bronchiolitis was seen the rejection rate was episodes per patientmonth in contrast to other reports episodes of cellular AAR occurred throughout the observation period and were not mainly limited to the first months posttransplant VG vascular occlusive disease or CVR was found in biopsy specimens from one recipient five patients experienced episodes of cytomegalovirus infection the CMV rate was episodes per patientmonth the incidence of infection was significantly lower compared to previous studies of AAR in other lung graft combinations both infections and RE may contribute to the development of OB almost one third of the specimens showed lymphocytic bronchitis without perivascular inflammation the absence of perivascular infiltrates and exclusion of infectious agents leaves in question the aetiology of this inflammation the lymphocytic bronchitis could be ischaemic related to aspiration or represent recurrent SA or in fact express bronchial rejection all biopsy specimens regarded as rejection with cellular infiltrates in the lung parenchyma also showed a lymphocytic bronchitis the impact of hla mismatch on cellular and V1 rejection is unclear transbronchial biopsy is a reasonably safe and reliable method in the diagnosis of rejection and infection in single lung transplantation | MEDAL |
an experimental oil refining unit has been developed and tested for sunflower oil crude pressed sunflower oil obtained from a local oil mill was refined using chemical method by degumming NT bleaching and dewaxing the SQ and composition of crude and refined oil were analysed compared reduction in phosphorous content from ppm to ffa content from to oleic acid peroxide value from to meqkg wax content from to ppm and colour absorbance value from to in spectrophotometer at nm were observed from crude to refined oil it was observed that refining did not have significant effect on HFA compositions as found in the percentage peak area in the gcms chromatogram the percentage of unsaturated HFA in both the oils were recorded to be about containing octadecenoic acid oleic acid and eicosadienoic acid elongated form of LA the research results will be useful to small entrepreneurs and farmers for refining of sunflower oil for better marketability | MEDAL |
the case presented here is an monthold female infant with agnogenic myelofibrosis clinically this case was characterized by pancytopenia hepatosplenomegaly and rapidly fatal course without response to steroids or other chemotherapy bone marrow biopsy and postmortem examination revealed myeloid metaplasia of the liver spleen and lymph NO and conspicuous proliferation of immature cells presumably of reticulum cells or precursors of hematopoietic cell lines associated with prominent proliferation of Rt fibrous tissue these morphologic features corresponded with those of agnogenic myelofibrosis classified as a form of myeloproliferative disorder a review of cases of myelofibrosis in children collected from the literature showed a mean age of years and months with most cases being less than years of age there was a distinct female preponderance while male infants with myelofibrosis were associated with downs syndrome or c monosomy the mean survival was months approximately cases of myelofibrosis have been reported in the english literature while only cases have been described in japan | MEDAL |
a fugacitybased food web bioaccumulation MM was constructed and the biotic concentrations of butyltins in the food web of the jincheng bay mariculture area were estimated accordingly using the water and sediment concentrations described in the accompanying paper part i this paper presents an ecological risk assessment era and a human HRA hhra of the BTs based on the estimated tissue residues in the marine life in this area the results showed that the ecological risk probability was greater than at this level management control is critical since sensitive marine species would be profoundly endangered by butyltin contamination few if any detrimental effects however would be generated for humans from SE to butyltins through seafood consumption the fugacitybased model can refine the era and hhra of pollutants in marine Az provide a basis for protecting marine ecology and the security of fishery products and thus help determine the feasibility of a proposed aquaculture project | MEDAL |
the extraction of lipids from rat CL mitochondrial membranes by butanone treatment inhibited the activity of MB MAO-A a but not b for the b form the apparent michaelis constants of the enzyme towards oxygen and the maximum molecular turnover numbers obtained when betaphenethylamine and benzylamine were used as substrates were not significantly changed by the lipiddepletion procedure but the values of the K(m) towards BZ was significantly increased after lipiddepletion the differential sensitivity of betaphenethylamine and BZ oxidation to inhibition by trishcl was not changed T3 lipiddepletion the results are consistent with the hypothesis that the mitochondrial membrane lipids while essential for the activity of the a form of the enzyme in rat CL play a more subtle modulatory role in the activity of the b form | MEDAL |
to evaluate the efficacy and safety of external AL choroidotomy for drainage of subretinal fluid srf during SB procedures for the repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments | MEDAL |
three independent patterns of vein formation in cyperus involucratus rottb were identified based on rare spontaneous interruptions of scape vein devn nuclei to modulate drug reward although d and d dopamine receptors are differentially expressed in the direct and indirect pathway medium spiny neurons dmsns and imsns respectively ht receptors are expressed in both pathways more strongly than anywhere else in the brain and are an intriguing target for NP disorders in the present study we used viral vectors utilizing dynorphin or enkephalin promoters to drive expression of ht receptors or green fluorescent protein gfp selectively in the dmsns or imsns of the nac shell rats were then TR to selfadminister cocaine increased ht receptor expression in dmsns did not change any parameter of SA measured however increasing ht receptors in imsns reduced the amount of cocaine selfadministered under fixedratio schedules especially at low doses increased the time to the first response and the length of the interinfusion interval but did not alter motivation as measured by PR break point analysis modeling of cocaine pharmacokinetics in nac showed that increased ht receptors in imsns reduced the rats preferred tissue cocaine concentration at each dose finally increased ht receptors in imsns facilitated conditioned place preference for a low dose of cocaine we conclude that ht receptors in imsns of nacsh increase the sensitivity to the reinforcing properties of cocaine particularly at low doses suggesting that these receptors may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of cocaine addiction | MEDAL |
concentrations of several proteins that are characteristic of the nervous system were timesequentially analyzed by radio and enzymeimmunoassay in the cerebrospinal fluid csf of patients with creutzfeldtjakob disease cjd we found abnormally high levels of several proteins such as neuronspecific enolase nse sb protein braintype isozyme of creatine kinase ckbb and alpha subunit of gtp IB PG g alpha in the early stage of the disease generally these protein levels were far higher in cjd patients than in normal controls and other neurological patients in the early stage before the typical clinical manifestations were evident these C2 increased to maxima when the SLEDAI was most prominent and returned to normal or mildly elevated levels in the terminal stage the results imply that these protein C2 can serve as PSA markers for the presence of an active destructive process in cjd brain and provide us with a useful indicator for early diagnosis of cjd | MEDAL |
we report a case of enlargement of a intradiploic epidermoid cyst following head trauma in a yearold man the patient had a swelling on the right side of his forehead from the time of his birth he sustained a bruise in this region when he was years old following which the swelling gradually enlarged when the diameter of the mass increased to cm he visited our hospital computed tomography ct scan of the head showed a subcutaneous mass of low density extending from the diploe to the outer tables of the skull magnetic resonance imaging mri showed a hyperintense mass in both t and tweighted images during the T0 we found a RT that was intradiploic and had a thin capsule the effusion from the tumor resembled an old hematoma and the tumor did not involve the paranasal sinuses we concluded the operation by performing cranioplasty using artificial bone histological examination revealed that the thin capsule consisted of stratified squamous epithelium and ciliated epithelium needlelike cholesterol crystals and hemosiderosis were seen shown in the granulationlike tissue on the basis of these findings we diagnosed the mass to bean intradiploic epidermoid cyst and thought that it might have grown following head trauma associated with chronic hemorrhage this paper reviews the differential diagnosis and pathologic findings of the intradiploic epidermoid cyst along with some previously published cases | MEDAL |
results of previous experiments have demonstrated that posttraining noncontingent ingestion of SU solutions or injection of glucose solutions improve PR of various learning tasks in the present experiment we tested the hypothesis that this effect is due to a glucosestimulated release of EN from the adrenal medulla by testing the effect of posttraining gl injections on PR of a CER cer in demedullated rats in a preliminary experiment demedullated rats were found to be deficient at acquiring the cer but a similar deficit in shamoperated animals suggested that this was due to the surgical procedure rather than to the absence of the adrenal medulla when appropriate shock parameters were used posttraining glucose improved retention of the cer in a manner parallel to the effect of this treatment in normal rats it was concluded that the SM improving effect of posttraining gl does not involve an effect of this substance on the AM | MEDAL |
the immunocytochemical localization of the biosynthetic enzymestyrosine hydroxylase th dopaminebetahydroxylase dbh and phenylethanolaminenmethyltransferase pnmtwas used to determine the cytological features and precise neuroanatomical location of CA neurons in the medulla oblongata of rat perikarya labeled with th were detected in two bilaterally symmetrical columns located in the ventrolateral and dorsomedial medulla the distribution and the number of neuronal perikarya containing th were the same as those containing dbh except in the DMN of the vagus at the level of the AP where the number of SN immunocytochemically labeled for th was considerably greater than those labeled for dbh the PCD of perikarya which show immunoreactivity for th used in the biosynthesis of dopamine noradrenaline and adrenaline but not dbh which converts dopamine to noradrenaline suggests the existence of dopaminesynthesizing neurons in the medulla perikarya labeled with pnmt used in the biosynthesis of adrenaline were localized in more restricted regions corresponding to rostral subsets of the dorsal and VP groups labeled for th and dbh counts of SN immunocytochemically labeled for th or pnmt were obtained in order to determine the relative ratio of neurons which contain the enzymes necessary for the synthesis of dopamine noradrenaline or adrenaline at various levels of the medulla at the most caudal levels no pnmt labeled neurons were detected further rostral pnmtlabeled SN were first detected in the VL medulla at the level of the AP the number of pnmtlabeled SN in the ventrolateral medulla was approximately half of the number of cells showing immunoreactivity for th in contrast few pnmtlabeled cells were detected in the DM at the level of the AP compared to many neurons labeled for th at rostral medullary C2 in both the VL and the dorsomedial regions the number of SN labeled for th and pnmt was essentially the same thus most if not all of the catecholaminergic neurons in the rostral medulla have pnmt necessary for the synthesis of adrenaline | MEDAL |
to compare the outcomes of patients presenting with and without acute urinary retention aur who were treated with w holmium laser resection of the prostate holrp as laser therapies including holrp have been used for treating lower urinary tract symptoms AA to benign prostatic PH bph but the effectiveness of holrp for patients with aur has not been fully elucidated | MEDAL |
the novel yl hollow needle aspiration drainage system is an effective minimally invasive treatment in chronic subdural hematoma csdh in order to find the risk prognosis factors of chronic subdural hematoma csdh performed by the novel yl hollow needle aspiration drainage system a logistic analysis of postoplities belonging to three different typical industries that may cause pollution by polybrominated diphenyl ethers pbdes in beijing china were investigated specifically the Az contained a solid waste incineration plant a chemical factory and a heat and SP plant investigation of the pollution status of pbdes in the surface soil from areas around these industries revealed the highest concentration of pbde congeners ngg DM at the solid waste incineration plant in the other two plants the highest concentrations were both ngg DM among the pbde homologues the pbde contamination at all CS showed similar congener compositions with bde being the dominant congener our findings established the first contamination status of three typical industrial areas in beijing furthermore the total concentrations of pbde congeners tended to decrease as the distance from the investigated plants increased overall these plants were identified as potential pollution sources of pbdes in beijing moreover pearson rho analysis revealed that the L1 pbde source in beijing may be associated with the technical decabde and pentabde mixture based on the data obtained in this preliminary investigation further T0 of the potential of these sources to emit pbdes in beijing is warranted | MEDAL |
keratins ks are the intermediate filament if proteins of epithelial cells hepatocyte ifs are made solely of keratins and kk the hallmark of all simple epithelia while kk are essential for maintaining structural integrity there is accumulating evidence indicating that they also exert nonmechanical functions we have reported recently that kkfree hepatocytes from knull mice are more CS to fasmediated apoptosis in line with an increased fas density at the cell surface and an altered cflip regulation of the antiapoptotic erk signaling pathway in the present study we show that knull HCs attach more rapidly but spread more slowly on a fibronectin substratum and undergo a more efficient gs transition than wildtype hepatocytes moreover plectin an if associated protein receptor for activated c kinase rack a plectin partner and vinculin a key component of focal adhesions distribute differently in spreading knull hepatocytes cell seeding leads to no differential activation of erk in wt versus knull HCs whereas a stronger akt activation is detected in knull HCs insulin stimulation also leads to a differential akt activation implying altered akt signaling capacity as a result of the kk loss in addition a delayed autophosphorylation of fak a target for integrin beta signaling was obtained in seeding knull hepatocytes these alterations in cell cyclerelated events in HCs in primary culture are also found in a kknockdown hiiec rat hepatoma cell L1 besides kkfree cells are smaller and exhibit a reduced rate of protein synthesis in addition a distinctive cyclin interplay is observed in these kkfree hepatic cells namely a more efficient cyclin adependent gs Tm furthermore k reexpression in these cells following transfer of a human k cdna restores proper cell size spreading and growth together these results suggest new interrelated signaling roles of k with plectinrack in the modulation of cell attachmentspreading sizeprotein synthesis and gs transition | MEDAL |
lentiviruses including HIV virus type hiv typically encode envelope glycoproteins env with long cytoplasmic tails cts the strong conservation of ct length in primary isolates of hiv suggests that this factor plays a key role in viral replication and persistence in infected patients however we report here the emergence and dominance of a primary hiv variant carrying a natural aminoacid truncation of the ct in vivo we demonstrated that this truncation was deleterious for viral replication in cell culture we then identified a compensatory amino acid substitution in the matrix protein that reversed the negative effects of ct truncation the loss or rescue of infectivity depended on the level of env incorporation into virus particles interestingly we found that a virus mutant with defective env incorporation was able to spread by celltocell transfer the effects on viral infectivity of compensation between the ct and the matrix protein have been suggested by in vitro studies based on tcell laboratoryadapted virus mutants but we provide here the first demonstration of the NK occurrence of similar mechanisms in an infected patient our findings provide insight into the potential of hiv to evolve in vivo and its ability to overcome major structural alterations | MEDAL |
cognition allows for the use of different rulebased sensorimotor strategies but the neural underpinnings of such strategies are poorly understood the purpose of this study was to compare neural activity in the superior parietal lobule during a standard direct interaction reaching task with two nonstandard gaze and reach spatially incongruent reaching tasks requiring the integration of rulebased information specifically these nonstandard tasks involved dissociating the planes of reach and vision or rotating visual FB by ° single unit activity gaze and reach trajectories were recorded from two female macaca mulattas in all three conditions we observed a temporal discharge pattern at the population level reflecting early reach planning and online reach monitoring in the planedissociated task we found a significant overall attenuation in the discharge rate of cells from deep recording CS relative to standard reaching we also found that cells modulated by reach direction tended to be significantly tuned either during the standard or the planedissociated task but rarely during both in the standard versus FB reversal comparison we observed some cells that shifted their PD by ° between conditions reflecting maintenance of directional tuning with respect to the reach goal our findings suggest that the SPL plays an important role in processing information about the nonstandard nature of a task which through reciprocal connections with precentral motor Az contributes to the accurate transformation of incongruent sensory inputs into an AGA motor SO such processing is crucial for the integration of rulebased information into a motor act | MEDAL |
the knowledge of systemic inflammation and local cytokine expression in porcine endocarditis models is limited though it could provide valuable information about the pathogenesis and comparability to human endocarditis analyses of bacteriology and hematology were performed on blood samples from pigs with nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis nbte n staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis ie n animals with s aureus sepsis without endocarditis n and controls n furthermore immunohistochemistry was used to examine the local expression of ilβ and il bacterial blood cultures were continuously positive in ie pigs from inoculation to euthanasia and negative in all other pigs at all times the total white blood cell counts and total PMNL counts were massively elevated in pigs with ie local ilβ and il expression in ie pigs were moderate to high and high respectively in addition slight local expression of ilβ and il was present in some nbte pigs in the ie model both the systemic inflammatory response and the high local expression of il were comparable to the human disease furthermore the results indicate ilβ and il as important contributors in the endocarditis pathogenesis | MEDAL |
to investigate potential associations between the gc interleukin il promoter polymorphism and susceptibility to and clinical features of giant cell arteritis gca particularly in patients with or without polymyalgia rheumatica pmr and with or without ischemic complications | MEDAL |
probasin pb gene product is prostatespecific epithelial cell in origin and androgenregulated a C1 kb promoter fragment of the pb gene lpb was linked to the simian virus sv C1 t antigen tag deletion mutant that removes the expression of the small t antigen to deliver consistently high levels of Tg expression to the transgenic mouse prostate seven male founders their male offspring and all the male offspring from two female founders developed at least prostatic epithelial SCH by weeks of age indicating that the incidence of transformation was tumorigenesis in the lpbtag animals progressed in a manner similar to that observed in the human prostate initially multifocal proliferating lesions were detected in the prostatic epithelium which continued to progress into PH involving the entire epithelium and then lowgrade dysplasia reactive stromal proliferation was induced and continued to develop throughout the progression to highgrade dysplasia carcinoma in situ and adenocarcinoma immunohistochemical studies indicated that most stromal cells stained positively for both androgen receptor and smooth muscle alphaactin suggesting that stromal overgrowth largely represented mesenchymal cells that had differentiated into smooth muscle cells epithelial cell transformation was accompanied by the downregulation of differentiated function as suggested by the loss of DL prostatespecific sec proteins tumor growth was regarded as LNCaP because tumors regressed in animals castrated at weeks of age and androgen treatment restored both epithelialstromal cell ratio and RT growth furthermore small populations of prostatic epithelial cells in castrated animals continued to proliferate suggesting the potential for androgenindependent growth although prostatic metastasis to other organs was not observed local invasion was detected in summary the lpbtag animal MM is unique in that it is the only MM generated with the tag CT thereby eliminating any influences of the ST on prostate tumor formation moreover this model undergoes molecular changes similar to those found in human prostate including a the multifocal nature of tumorigenesis b the progressive histopathologic changes from low to highgrade dysplasia similar to human PIN c stimulation of reactive stromal proliferation and d the LNCaP growth of the primary tumor thus the lpbtag prostate tumor MM will be useful for studying the sequential mechanisms underlying the OD of multistep tumorigenesis | MEDAL |
at birth the CVS changes dramatically arterial blood pressure heart rate and cardiac SO increase and blood flow distribution undergoes regional changes to determine whether these changes are related to certain events occurring at birth we studied chronically instrumented fetal sheep at days gestational age we measured fetal V1 pressures and HR rate and injected radionuclidelabeled microspheres to determine combined VVI output and its CSD rhythmic ventilation of the fetuses with a gas mixture that produced no NC in arterial blood gases decreased HR rate slightly from to bpm but changed neither mean arterial blood pressure nor combined VVI output ventilation with oxygen decreased mean descending aortic and pulmonary arterial pressures but had no significant effect on HR rate or combined VVI SO subsequent UC occlusion had no significant effect on these variables there was a RD of blood flow however ventilation CT increased pulmonary blood flow from to mlmin g wet weight and oxygenation increased it further to ventilation CT and ventilation with o decreased blood flow to most other fetal organs notably the adrenal glands BB and HR in a manner related to changes in PaO(2) occlusion of the UC increased blood flow to the adrenal glands and brown fat and also to the liver from ths system and the uvea and of some forms of uveitis whose ON could be neurogenic multiple sclerosis and reticulum cell sarcoma are examples of systemic neurologic diseases which can be accompanied by uveitis or pseudouveitis syndromes such as behçets or vogtkoyanagiharada are characterized not only by a highly severe panuveitis but also by the participation of optic nerve meningeal and brain tissues in the inflammatory process the occurrence of sympathetic ophthalmia and herpetic uveitis could to a certain extent be due to a neurogenic transmission of the antigen for fuchs heterochromic cyclitis however the old theory of sympathetic nerve dysfunction at its origin is no longer widely accepted | MEDAL |
serum paraoxonase circulates on a subfraction of HD lipoproteins and appears to use phospholipids on both low and high density lipoprotein particles as a physiological ATP this PET relationship could explain the reported associations between common R2 in the pon geneat codons and and phenotypes related to atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism we evaluated associations between plasma lipoproteins and pon lm pon qr and pon ag polymorphisms in samples from two cspyfvamide into the body cavity inhibits the feeding of starved helix a wide modulatory role of mip at CE and IP C2 is suggested in lymnaea and helix including the participation in intercellular signalling processes and remote neurohormonallike control effects | MEDAL |
the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of palm kernel elaeis guineensis cake in diets for goats on FF behaviors rectal temperature and cardiac and respiratory frequencies forty F1 boer male noncastrated goats ten animals per treatment with an average age of days and an initial body weight of ± kg were used the goats were fed tifton cynodon spp hay and palm kernel supplemented at the rates of and of dry matter dm the FF behaviors rumination FF and idling times were observed for three h periods dm and neutral detergent fiber ndf NI values were estimated as the difference between the total dm and ndf contents of the feed offered and the total dm and ndf contents of the orts there was no effect of palm kernel cake inclusion in goat diets on dm intake p however palm kernel cake promoted a linear increase p in ndf intake and time spent feeding and ruminating minday period and a linear decrease in time spent idling palm kernel cakes had no effects p on the chewing FF and rumination efficiency dm and ndf or on physiological variables the use up to palm kernel cake in the diet of F1 boer goats maintained the feeding behaviors and did not NC the physiological parameters of goats therefore its use is recommended in the diet of these animals | MEDAL |
agar immunodiffusion tests demonstrated that bhk cells INF with either hsv i or hsv release only a few hsvspecified antigens into the ECF INF cell released polypeptidesicrp neutralization blocking experiments showed that the majority of antigensincluding the band ii common antigen involved as target sites in antibodymediated virus neutralization are present in the icrp of both hsv i and hsv sdspage identified six regions of virusspecified proteins in the icrp from both hsv i and hsv infected bhk cells all these specifically RPs are glycosylated although to varying degrees the sdspage profiles of hsv i and hsv icrp are different but do show some similarities the most notable being a highly glycosylated protein with an estimated mol wt of to in hsv i icrp and to in hsv icrp immune precipitation demonstrated that these two proteins contain the band ii antigenic site similar studies showed that the major type i TPS antigenic site which is involved as a target site in the NT of virus infectivity is located in the highest mol wt glycoprotein region of hsv i icrp and has a similar mobility to the vp region of purified enveloped virus | MEDAL |
certain retinoidrelated molecules rrms with agonist or antagonist activities have been described to induce apoptosis in a variety of CA cell lines and show promise for the treatment of cancer similar to other chemotherapeutic drugs these retinoid analogs have been suggested to induce apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway which requires the PR of cytochrome c from the mitochondria for the ERP activation of caspase expression of a catalytically inactive form of ICE which functions as a dominant negative mutant inhibits the induction of devdase activity and nuclear fragmentation by selective rrms whereas the rrms could induce the release of cytochrome c in the absence of ICE activity the later is necessary for the effective release of smacdiablo from the mitochondria furthermore overexpression of bcl or bclxl also inhibits rrminduced apoptosis we demonstrate that activation of ICE by the agonist mx requires caspase activity and is inhibited by bcl overexpression in contrast the antagonist mx induces cleavage of procaspase upstream of mitochondria and independently of ICE thus two retinoid analogs with unique characteristics activate two distinct apical caspases or to initiate apoptosis in addition to caspasemediated cell death sustained exposure to the rrms can also lead to loss of cell viability in cells lacking ICE activity or in cells stimulated in the presence of the caspase inhibitor zvadfmk moreover mx and mx produce Tc arrest independently of caspase activity and the retinoid receptors | MEDAL |
phrenic LTF pltf following acute IH aih is a form of spinal serotonindependent synaptic STDP that requires reactive oxygen species ros formation we tested the hypothesis that spinal NOX activity is a necessary source of ros for pltf sixty T2 postaih three min episodes of o min intervals integrated phrenic and HG xii nerve burst amplitudes were increased from baseline indicative of phrenic and xii ltf intrathecal injections approximately c of apocynin or DPI dpi two structurally and functionally distinct inhibitors of the nadph oxidase complex attenuated phrenic but not xii ltf immunoblots from soluble cytosolic and particulate MF of ventral c spinal segments revealed predominantly membrane localization of the nadph oxidase catalytic S1 gpphox whereas membrane and cytosolic expression were both observed for the RII subunits pphox and rac immunohistochemical analysis of fixed tissues revealed these same subunits in presumptive phrenic motoneurons of the c VH but not in neighbouring astrocytes or microglia collectively these data demonstrate that nadph oxidase subunits localized within presumptive PMNs are a major source of ros necessary for aihinduced pltf thus NOX activity is a key regulator of spinal synaptic STDP and may be a useful pharmaceutical target in developing therapeutic strategies for respiratory insufficiency in patients with for example C2 spinal injury | MEDAL |
the binding characteristics of the mACh receptor antagonist hquinuclidinyl benzilate to isolated CM of HCC and EC cells cultured from this tissue were investigated hquinuclidinyl benzilate bound to membranes of human corpus cavernosum and endothelial cells with high affinity and limited capacity analysis of the binding data by scatchard plot revealed the presence of one class of IB CS the ligand binding specificity was determined by competitive IB assay the data obtained show that hquinuclidinyl benzilate was displaced by unlabeled competitors in the following order of tau in both membrane preparations quinuclidinyl benzilate greater than scopolamine greater than atropine greater than diphenylacetoxynmethylpiperidine methiodide m antagonist greater than pirenzepine m antagonist greater than oxotremorine greater than hydroxybutynyltrimethylammonium chloride mchlorocarbanilate m agonist greater than carbachol greater than hexamethonium solubilization of the mACh receptors from HCC and endothelial cells with digitonin and cholate and subsequent analysis on sucrose density gradients demonstrated the presence of a macromolecule specifically bound to hquinuclidinyl benzilate sedimenting at the s region of the gradient these results demonstrate the presence of mACh receptors in human CC and in endothelial cells cultured from this tissue | MEDAL |
epigenetic processes are involved in regulation of cell functions and survival but their role in responses of neurons and glial cells to oxidative injury is insufficiently explored here we studied the role of dna methylation and histone deacetylation in reactions of SN and surrounding glial cells to photodynamic treatment that induces oxidative stress and cell death isolated crayfish stretch receptor consisting of a single mechanoreceptor neuron surrounded by glial cells was photosensitized with aluminum phthalocyanine photosens that induced neuron inactivation CN of the neuron and glia and glial apoptosis inhibitors of dna methylation azacytidine and azadeoxycytidine decitabine reduced the level of pdtinduced CN of glial cells but not neurons by and times respectively and did not significantly influence apoptosis of glial cells histone deacetylase inhibitors valproic acid and trichostatin a inhibited pdtinduced both necrosis and apoptosis of satellite glial cells but not neurons by times thus in the crayfish stretch receptor dna methylation and histone deacetylation are involved in epigenetic control of glial but not neuronal CN histone deacetylation also participates in glial apoptosis | MEDAL |
treatment for h of cultured chinese hamster v cells human CL hepg cells and human colon ht cells with thealternaria toxins alternariol aoh and alternariol methyl ether ame caused a concentrationdependent induction of dna strand breaks at concentrations ranging from to micromolar after treatment for h dna SB were observed in hepg but not ht cells analysis of the hincubation media of ht cells showed that both toxins were CR conjugated whereas were still present as free compounds in the hmedia of hepg cells lysates of both cell types fortified with udpga were found to convert both toxins into two glucuronides each but ht cells exhibited a much high activity than hepg cells and gave rise to a different ratio of glucuronides it is concluded that glucuronidation eliminates the dna strandbreaking potential of aoh and ame and that the two glucuronides of eachalternaria toxin are generated by different ugt isoforms | MEDAL |
to compare the soft tissue volume gain vg around single tooth implants with subepithelial connective tissue graft sctg from either the lateral palate lp or from the tuberosity area ta | MEDAL |
osteopontin opn is involved in RT progression such as invasion and metastasis and poor prognosis of lung CA however how opn affects the invasive SMB of lung CA is not well defined here we examined the underlying molecular mechanism of opninduced invasion in human nonsmall cell LC nsclc cell lines including a cells opn markedly increased the phosphorylation of lim kinase and limk and cofilin without affecting their total forms the expression of rhoassociated kinase rock but not pactivated kinase and pak was increased by opn treatment as an upstream effector of limkcofilin the phosphorylation of cofilin by opn was suppressed when cells were pretreated with rock inhibitor y by western blot moreover it verified that opn inactivated cofilin through rock signaling in other nsclc cell lines opn induced the phosphorylation of fak and akt fak inhibitor faki and pik inhibitor wortmannin decreased the expressions of rock and phosphorylation of limk and cofilin opn caused a significant increase in the lamellipodia formation and cell invasion and these are suppressed by fak inhibitor faki pik inhibitor WM and rock inhibitor y taken together these results suggest that opn triggers rock signaling mediated by fakpikakt pathway which in turn induces the lamellipodia formation to allow the invasion of LC cells through inactivating cofilin | MEDAL |
the advances in molecular of t helper type th cells and has been reported to play a proinflammatory role in the immunopathogenesis of IVD degeneration peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor γ pparγ activators display antiinflammatory and antidegeneration roles in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis however the expression level of pparγ and related regulatory mechanisms in the NP tissues are not clear herein we report that pparγ was downregulated both in the NP tissue of IVD degeneration patient and in the cultured nucleus pulposus cells stimulated with il this study was undertaken to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of pioglitazone as a pparγ ligand and its underlying molecular mechanism in ilinduced human IVD degeneration model in vitro our results indicate that pioglitazone administration suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines and downregulated the mrna expression C2 of inflammatory mediators in the cultured human NP cells and tissue consistently pioglitazone decreased the C2 of metalloproteinase and maintained the expression of critical matrix components such as aggrecan and type ii collagen moreover the activation of nfκb signaling in the nucleus pulposus tissue during the IVD degeneration OD was antagonized by pioglitazone administration in conclusion our current findings provide scientific evidence for the assessment of pioglitazone as a potential therapeutic approach to treat the intervertebral disc degeneration | MEDAL |
the agespecific association between blood pressure and AVD has been studied mostly in highincome countries and before the widespread use of brain imaging for diagnosis of the main stroke types IS and intracerebral haemorrhage we aimed to investigate this relationship among adults in china | MEDAL |
oviduct segments from infundibulum magnum uterus uterovaginal junction and vagina of actively laying hens at preoviposition time were tested for their contractile reaction to prostaglandin e by in vitro or in vivo methods maximum stimulatory response was observed from the muscular strips of the PT oviduct segment infundibulum and a CR EC50 was recorded from the distal part vagina at molar concentrations of x x and x the uterine strips reacted with a stimulatory response at higher concentrations x and x moles but lacked any significant change at lower concentrations the uterovaginal muscular strips showed a mild but prolonged GABA response while the magnum responded with a significant increase in the luminal pressure when tested in vivo it is concluded that pge exerts a stimulatory effect on the uterus to initiate transport of the egg to subsequent segments uterovaginal junction and vagina which relax under pge influence and allow passage of the egg by pressure differences | MEDAL |
five case histories involving extragonadal typei dixonmoore seminomas are described each having a large retroperitoneal RT growth with variously CL node or lung metastases growth into or around organs blood vessels and muscles etc the C1 RT masses could be completely resected in some cases only in three cases postoperative combined radio and chemotherapy have left the patients tumorfree for several years in two cases radiotherapy given along resulted in a full remission in one case the undescended testis in another the fibrous tissue in an atrophic testicle of a patient evincing turners syndrome were shown not to contain primary tumor the excellent therapeutic results confirm the correctness of the combined surgical radiotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic treatment it appears that correct timing of the various therapies is of prime importance | MEDAL |
the betahydroxysteroid dehydrogenases betahsds are members of a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of weakly AS sexual hormones ketosteroids and potent hormones betahydroxysteroids among the known isoforms of betahsd the type catalyzes the nadphmediated reduction of estrone e to estradiol e a predominant mitogen for the BCCs therefore the inhibition of this particular enzyme is a logical RPA to reduce the concentration of estradiol in breast PT to develop inhibitors of type betahsd activity we hypothesized that molecules containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components should be interesting candidates for interacting with both the steroid IB domain and some CAA residues of the cofactor IB domain of the enzyme firstly a conveniently protected betaaminopropyle derivative was synthesized from commercially available e then a representative of all class of nhbocprotected amino acids basic acid aromatic aliphatic hydroxylated were coupled using standard procedures to the amino group of the F0 finally cleavage of all protecting groups was performed in a single step to generate a series of betapropylaminoacyl derivatives of e the enzymatic screening revealed that none of the novel compounds can inhibit the reductive activity of type betahsd on the other hand all of these e derivatives did not show any significant IB affinity on four steroid receptors including the estrogen receptor additional efforts aimed at improving the inhibitory potency of these steroidal derivatives on type betahsd without providing estrogenic MICs is under investigation using a combinatorial chemistry RPA | MEDAL |
the role of the EC in hypoxic constriction of the IN pulmonary V1 bed has not been clearly elucidated to test for a possible role for endotheliumderived relaxing AF edrf in the hypoxic pressor response isolated whole bloodperfused rat lungs from SD rats treated with meclofenamate were prepared three protocols were performed including a normal saline control b the putative edrf inhibitors eicosatetraynoic acid etya x m or nordihydroguaiaretic acid ndga x m versus vehicle dmso and c the putative edrf inhibitor hydroquinone hq x m versus VH ethyl alcohol etoh the pulmonary pressor response to angiotensin ii ang ii micrograms injections alternated with min periods of hypoxic ventilation o co was measured before and T3 the administration of saline inhibitors or vehicles the administration of the edrf inhibitors etya ndga and hq resulted in a marked accentuation of the hypoxic pressor response that was not seen in the controls p less than in separate experiments lungs precontracted with norepinephrine x m were pretreated with edrophonium x m and then observed for endotheliumdependent vasodilator responses to acetylcholine at increasing doses x x m administration of etya ndga or hq abrogated the observed vasodilatation to acetylcholine which was not seen with vehicles CT p less than these studies suggest an important role for the EC in pulmonary V1 responsiveness to alveolar hypoxia through possible PR of a relaxing AF that attenuates the degree of pulmonary arterial constriction | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to develop an improved binary LR MM for predicting the risk of intracranial aneurysm rupture a cohort of patients n with aneurysms underwent threedimensional DS angiography examination to measure several morphological parameters of the aneurysm the aspect ratio heightneck size and the size ratio lengthmean diameter of parent vessel were also calculated all the morphological parameters combined with the aneurysm location and the patients baseline data were used to derive a backward binary LR model in order to validate the MM it was applied to another independent cohort of patients with aneurysms the model had sensitivity specificity and accuracy of and respectively this binary logistic regression MM of aneurysm rupture risk identified the status of an aneurysm with high accuracy and could form the basis of more complex models in the future | MEDAL |
mutations in the wnk and wnk genes result in an inherited hypertensive disease pseudohypoaldosteronism type ii phaii recently the klhl and cullin genes were also identified as responsible genes for phaii although we have reported that wnk is a substrate for the klhlcullin e ligase complex it is not clear whether all of the wnk isoforms are regulated only by klhl to explore the interaction of wnks and other kelchlike proteins we focused on klhl mayven a human homolog of drosophila kelch that shares the highest similarity with klhl we found that klhl as well as klhl was coimmunoprecipitated with all four wnk isoforms the direct interaction of klhl with wnks was confirmed on fluorescence rho spectroscopy coexpression of klhl and cullin decreased the abundance of wnk wnk and wnk within hekt cells and a significant increase of wnk ubiquitination by klhl and cullin was observed both in hekt cells and in an in vitro ubiquitination CA these results suggest that klhlcullin also functions as an eligase for wnk isoforms within the body | MEDAL |
gastric antral endoscopic pinch biopsies from a group of dyspeptic patients were analysed for acute and chronic inflammatory cell numbers in the lamina propria and surface epithelial layer using computerlinked graphic tablet planimetry and independently graded for campylobacter pylori cp infection using a visual scoring system with grade assessed as patchy epithelial infection and grade as a continuous SL of organisms on the mucosal surface extending into gastric pits the T0 group consisted of patients duodenitis nonulcer dyspepsia within the biopsies analysed grade and biopsies had significantly higher acute and chronic inflammatory cell counts than cpnegative biopsies grade in lamina and surface epithelium p less than acute inflammatory cell counts were significantly higher in the surface epithelium in grade p less than and grade biopsies p less than but chronic inflammatory cells were only higher in grade p less than no significant differences were present between grade and grade biopsies for any parameter this T0 confirms that highly significant quantitative differences in the inflammatory status are related to the presence of cp | MEDAL |
chronotropically incompetent patients benefit most from sensor driven rate response during exercise postural syncope may occur despite the chronotropic response because of the failure of currently available sensors to respond physiologically to postural changes seven chronotropically incompetent patients with postural syncope who had a dual chamber rate adaptive pacemaker circadia that modulates HR rate in response to temperature change were studied with respect to response to exercise and HUT hut during exercise continuouswave doppler of aortic E/A and twodimensional echocardiographic derived measurements of LVSP function were used to assess cardiac function patients exercised longer by an average of sec in the dddr compared to the ddi mode p increase in exercise duration was due mostly to the sensor driven increase during dddr pacing during dddr pacing HR rate increased from to ppm compared to to ppm for the ddi pacing p stroke volume as assessed by doppler derived SD sd contributed more significantly to the cardiac output increase during exercise in the ddi mode sd increased from to cm in ddi compared to to cm in dddr mode although these mechanisms were insufficient to fully compensate for failure of AGA chronotropic response in response to the hut right ventricular temperature increased from degrees c degrees c to degrees degrees c p and heart rate increased from to ppm p in the dddr mode no significant NC in HR rate occurred in the ddi mode in response to the hut strong positive correlation of temperature and heart rate was noted in all patients in response to hut p r we conclude that temperature sensor responds physiologically to exercise and hut therefore temperature sensing rate adaptive dual chamber pacing may be appropriate for chronotropically incompetent patients with posture related syncope | MEDAL |
because of conflicting reports on plasma C2 of total immunoreactive glucagon irg in obesity we investigated by GF the individual irg fractions in grossly obese patients n bmi as compared with NW subjects n mean total irg was pgml in normal subjects and pgml p less than in obese subjects irg was pgml in normal subjects and pgml p less than in the obese subjects obese patients with NG tolerance demonstrated pgml irg n p less than as compared with those who were obese with impaired glucose tolerance pgml n p less than although the total irg of the latter group pgml was not different from that of normal subjects irg was of comparable magnitude in the entire CG of obese and normal subjects a wide variability of big plasma glucagon levels was found in all three CG mean levels not being significantly different these data suggest that plasma irg C2 are elevated in grossly obese patients particularly in those patients with IGT a finding that may be masked by mere measurements of total plasma irg | MEDAL |
using a selective glycine uptake inhibitor as adjunctive to secondgeneration antipsychotic sga was hypothesized to ameliorate negative andor cognitive PS in subjects with schizophrenia subjects with predominant persistent NS previously stabilized ⥠months on an sga were enrolled in a randomized placebocontrolled trial to investigate adjunctive treatment with org a selective inhibitor of type glycine transporter over weeks in a flexible dose design org was tested at to mg twice daily and to mg twice daily versus placebo primary tau outcome was mean NC from baseline in scale for assessment of negative PS composite score AA tau end points were PANSS total and subscale scores DS calgary depression scale for schizophrenia global SF-36 GAF and cognitive measures using a computerized battery CE NS vital signs responder rates were assessed post hoc a total of subjects were randomized of which completed the trial both dose groups of org did not differ significantly from PL on scale for assessment of negative symptoms positive and negative syndrome scale total or subscale scores global assessment of functioning or the majority of tested cognitive domains org was generally well tolerated within the tested dose range with no meaningful effe hypertonically induced vasopressin release in the bloodstream altogether these findings identify erk phosphorylation as a new element contributing to the osmoregulatory mechanisms of vasopressin PR | MEDAL |
recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa rdeb is caused by mutations in the cola gene the most common mutation reported in mexican families is the cinsg mutation normally detected by dna sequencing we report a faster and more economical highthroughput genotyping method to detect the cinsg mutation using TPS taqman probes in a RT PCR reaction rtpcr that facilitates genotype analysis with allelic discrimination plots our new method correctly genotyped samples that had previously been sequenced as wildtype homozygous heterozygous g and three mutant homozygous gg specificity this new method allows highthroughput screening and furthermore is economical ussample fast h and CS as it requires only ng input dna we used the new test to genotype individuals from unrelated mexican families with rdeb the observed genotypic frequencies were for the homozygous wildtype and for the heterozygous genotype the homozygous mutant genotype was not found in conclusion the allelic discrimination CA by rtpcr is a CS TPS and effective highthroughput test for detecting the cinsg mutation | MEDAL |
we characterized a novel organophosphorus hydrolase oph activity expressed by nocardiodes simplex nrrl b a member of a coumaphosdegrading microbial consortium from cattle dip waste like the previously characterized oph from nocardia sp strain b nrrl b oph activity in n simplex is located in the cytoplasm and is expressed constitutively the purified enzyme is monomeric has a native molecular size of da and has a TPS activity toward ethyl parathion of micromolemin x mg protein km constants for the enzyme with the structurally related organophosphate pesticides ethyl parathion and epn were microm and microm respectively although oph activity in extracts did not require the addition of divalent cations the purified enzyme lost activity during dialysis against phosphate buffer and this activity could be restored T3 incubation in buffer containing either coso or cuso our results suggest that oph activity in n simplex is distinct from other known ophs and that the responsible gene is unrelated to known genes | MEDAL |
genotypes are frequently used to assess alternative reproductive strategies such as extrapair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism in wild populations however such analyses are vulnerable to genotyping error or molecular artefacts that can bias results for example when using multilocus microsatellite data a mismatch at a single locus suggesting the offspring was not directly related to its putative parents can occur quite commonly even when the F1 is truly related some recent studies have advocated an adhoc rule that offspring must differ at more than one locus in order to conclude that they are not directly related while this reduces the frequency with which true offspring are identified as not directly related young it also introduces bias in the opposite direction wherein not directly related young are categorized as true F1 more importantly it ignores the additional information on allele frequencies which would reduce overall bias in this T0 we present a novel technique for assessing extrapair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism using a likelihoodbased approach in a new version of program cervus we test the suitability of the technique by applying it to a simulated data set and then present an example to demonstrate its influence on the estimation of alternative reproductive strategies | MEDAL |
to determine whether type ii pneumocytes isolated from diabetic animals could serve as a useful MM for the T0 of surfactant phospholipid biosynthesis and its regulation type ii pneumocytes were isolated from AD streptozotocindiabetic rats and placed in ST primary SC on a dna basis total cellular DSPC disaturated pc and phosphatidylglycerol pg were decreased and respectively in ATII from diabetic animals days of insulin treatment of diabetic rats returned the cellular DSPC and pg content to control values and increased the total cellular phosphatidylethanolamine pe content by the rates of glucose and acetate incorporation into disaturated pc per unit dna were reduced and respectively in cells isolated from diabetic rats while glycerol incorporation was increased by insulin treatment of diabetic rats returned the gl and glycerol incorporation rates to control values and increased acetate incorporation into disaturated pc by these data suggest that the biosynthesis of surfactant is altered by both diabetes mellitus and in vivo insulin treatment | MEDAL |
leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis and common in tropical and subtropical Az with high rainfall it should be noted as an imported infectious disease although it is sporadic in japan some imported cases already have been reported in japan and these cases occurred mainly in SEA the case discussed in this article is the first reported japanese case INF in vietnam four days after returning back to japan after a twoweek stay in the mountain area near hue in the middle part of vietnam the patient suddenly experienced chills a high fever sore throat gastrocnemius pain and HA conjunctival jaundice renal CF disorder and proteinuria were observed on the third day of onset significant increase in antibody titers against serovar australis and autumnalis strains was observed in paired serum samples by microscopic agglutination test mat consequently we recognized this case as a diagnosis of severe leptospirosis weils disease finally renal CF disorder did not deteriorate further and then the patient recovered T3 the tenth day of onset with the administration of antibiotics and supportive care without sequelae we experienced the first imported japanese case of severe human leptospirosis infection from vietnam that was successfully treated with ceftriaxone and minocycline | MEDAL |
otx and otx two murine homologs of the drosophila orthodenticle otd gene contribute to BB morphogenesis in particular otx null mice are viable and show spontaneous ES and abnormalities affecting the dorsal telencephalic SC otx null mice die early in OD and fail in specification of the rostral neuroectoderm and proper gastrulation in order to determine whether otx and otx highly divergent phenotypes reflect differences in temporal expression or biochemical activity of otx and otx proteins the otxcoding sequence was replaced by a human otx fullcoding cdna homozygous mutant embryos recovered anterior neural SP and proper gastrulation but failed to maintain forebrainmidbrain identities displaying a headless phenotype from days post coitum dpc onwards unexpectedly in spite of the rna CSD in both visceral endoderm ve and epiblast the hotx protein was synthesized only in the ve this verestricted translation was sufficient to recover otx requirements for specification of the anterior neural plate and proper organization of the primitive streak thus providing evidence that the difference between otx and otx null mice phenotypes originates from their divergent expression patterns moreover our data lead us to hypothesize that the differential posttranscriptional control existing between ve and epiblast cells may potentially contribute to fundamental RII mechanisms required for head specification | MEDAL |
the purposes of the present work were i to T0 the positivity indices and compare titers obtained with the indirect immunofluorescence ii tube precipitation tp complement fixation cf and double ID on agar gel id tests in the sera of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis before treatment and ii to compare the initial titers of ii with those obtained year or more T3 treatment ii was the most sensitive serologic reaction and the positivity indices for cf id and tp were and respectively the sera tended to show parallel mean titers in ii cf and tp tests one year T3 treatment there was a fall in titers of ii in of patients the data taken as a whole demonstrate the usefulness of the indirect immunofluorescent test and the importance of using or more serologic tests for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis | MEDAL |
ethanol mm reduced the response to inhibitory nerve stimulation in the rat and rb anococcygeus and the bovine retractor penis brp muscles ethanol also reduced the response to the GABA extract from the brp consistent with the GABA factor in these extracts playing some part in the response to GABA nerve stimulation ethanols effect on the response to other inhibitory stimuli was examined in the rabbit anococcygeus and the brp in the anococcygeus the response to carbachol was reduced to BK and isobutylmethylxanthine ibmx unaltered and to isoprenaline and adenosine triphosphate atp potentiated in the brp responses to ibmx and sodium nitroprusside were unaltered but in this tissue the response to isoprenaline was reduced ethanols ability to reduce GABA responses is therefore selective and confined to GABA nerve stimulation inhibitory extract carbachol and in the brp isoprenaline ethanol reduced the rate of development of inhibition even where the magnitude of the inhibitory response was unaltered in the rat anococcygeus ethanol mm potentiated the response to motor nerve stimulation and to noradrenaline na at low frequencies and low concentrations respectively higher ethanol concentrations mm reduced the response to both motor nerve stimulation and na the motor response to carbachol was also reduced ethanol mm itself caused an easily reversible contraction in all three tissues this was not due to the release of na but was highly CS to the removal of external calcium from the medium a unified explanation of these varied effects of ethanol based on a reduction in membrane binding of calcium and a reduced efficiency of receptor coupling is suggested | MEDAL |
the spectral properties of FL dyes often vary with experimental conditions spectral changes contain information about the particles to which the dye is bound and can have practical consequences for the design of flow cytometry experiments it is therefore desirable to have spectral information obtained under conditions that approach those under which the measurements in a flow cytometer are performed this report describes the measurement of fluorescence spectra in a FCM we have attached a monochromator to one of the detector ports of our FCM the monochromator scans continuously over a range of wavelengths for each measured particle the monochromator wavelength is recorded along with the fluorescence intensity at that wavelength other fluorescence and scatter signals can also be recorded to distinguish different particle populations within the sample this method for measurement of fluorescence spectra has advantages over conventional fluorimetry in that it distinguishes between bound and unbound dye and thatir abraded acid etch adhesive e dentin surface treatments were air abraded only d air abraded adhesiveno primer d air abraded primer adhesive d etched enamel and dentin prepared with grit sic paper and adhesive served as controls there were replications for each condition a dentin bonding system optibond and a composite resin herculite xrv were bonded to treated surfaces by CS curing in an inverted truncated cone die with a bond diameter of mm samples were stored at degrees c and relative humidity for hours and debonded in tension using a universal testing machine at a cmmin crosshead speed based on analysis of variance there was no statistical difference between micrometers and micrometers aluminum oxide abrasive for both enamel and dentin for enamel bond strengths e was significantly higher than e and e was significantly higher than e and e e and e were significantly lower than the control while e was not significantly different from the control p or for dentin bond strengths d was significantly higher than d and d was significantly higher than d and d all treatments except d were significantly lower than the control p or airabrasion treatment of enamel and dentin alone resulted in reduced in vitro bond strengths as compared to etched enamel and dentin prepared with dentin adhesive and dentin primer | MEDAL |
taking melon cultivar xiyu no as test material a hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous GABA acid gaba on the seedlings polyamine metabolism under hypoxia stress compared with the control in normoxic treatment the seedlings under hypoxia AS had significantly higher glu decarboxylase gad activity and gaba content and their polyamine synthesis enzymes MICs all enhanced significantly which led to a marked increase of PAs contents meanwhile the seedlings leaf and root DAO dao and polyamine oxidase pao MICs also had a significant increase the increment of root ADC adc activity was higher which induced a higher content of free putrescine put in roots while the increment of leaf ornithine decarboxylase odc and sadenosylmethionine decarboxylase samdc activities were higher inducing a higher content of free spermidine spd in leaves the pbsextractable dao and pao activies in roots were significantly lower than those in leaves but the cell wallbound pao activity was in adverse under hypoxia stress the addition of exogenous gaba increased the leaf and root gaba and glutamic acid contents and decreased the gad activity significantly the increase of arginine ornithine and methionine contents promoted the MICs of PAs synthesis enzymes which led to the significant increase of PAs contents and the significant decrease of dao and pao activities | MEDAL |
voltagegated k kv channel accessory beta subunits associate with poreforming kv alpha subunits and modify the properties andor cell surface expression of kv channels in rat expression systems there is very little presently known however about the functional roles of kv beta subunits in the generation of native cardiac kv channels exploiting mice with a targeted disruption of the kvbeta gene kvbeta the studies here were undertaken to explore directly the role of kvbeta in the generation of ventricular kv currents action potential waveforms and peak kv current densities are indistinguishable in myocytes isolated from the left VVI apex lva of kvbeta and wildtype wt animals analysis of kv current waveforms however revealed that meansem itof density is significantly p or lower in kvbeta papf n than in wt papf n lva myocytes and that meansem ikslow density is significantly p or higher in kvbeta papf n compared with wt papf n lva cells pharmacological studies demonstrated that the teasensitive component of ikslow ikslow is selectively increased in kvbeta lva myocytes in parallel with the alterations in itof and ikslow densities kv expression is decreased and kv expression is increased in kvbeta ventricles taken together these results demonstrate that kvbeta differentially regulates the PET cell surface expression of myocardial itof and ikslow channels | MEDAL |
sepsis is a major health complication causing patient mortality and increased healthcare costs cardiac dysfunction an important consequence of sepsis affects mortality we previously reported that TQ tq protected against hyperlipidemia and doxorubicininduced cardiac damage this study investigated the possible protective effects of tq against cardiac damage in septic balbc mice eightweekold male balbc mice were divided into four groups control tq cecal ligation and puncture clp and tq clp clp was performed T3 week tq gavage after h we measured the histopathological alterations of the cardiac tissue and the plasma levels of troponint ctnt and atp we evaluated autophagy p and beclin pyroptosis nlrp caspase interleukin ilβ and il at the gene and protein C2 and il and TN factorα tnfα at the gene level our results demonstrated that tq administration significantly reduced intestinal histological alterations tq inhibited plasma ctnt C2 improved atp significantly inhibited p nlrp caspase ilβ il il tnfα and mcpexpressions and increased beclin and il level the phosphatidylinositide kinase level was significantly decreased in the tq clp group versus the clp group these results suggest that tq effectively modulates autophagy pyroptosis and Th1 making it important in the treatment of sepsisinduced cardiac damage | MEDAL |
increasing evidence suggests that sensory nerve dysfunction may underlie several urological disorders including interstitial cystitis and sensory urgency we determined the effect of botulinum toxin type a allergan irvine california on baseline and chemically evoked release of the sensory neuropeptide CGRP-LI in an isolated bladder preparation | MEDAL |
isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency is a rare but devastating neurologic disease that usually presents in early infancy with seizures and alterations in muscle tone only cases have been reported in the literature we report a case of a newborn infant boy with isolated SO deficiency who presented with generalized seizures on his fourth day of life plasma tHcy was not detectable urinary sulfite thiosulfate and ssulfocysteine levels were elevated the patient began a lowmethionine and lowcysteine diet and was treated with B1 and dextromethorphan however he became increasingly microcephalic and was severely developmentally delayed mutation analysis of the sulfite oxidase gene revealed that the patient was homozygous for a novel base pair deletion and both of his parents were found to be heterozygous carriers of the same deletion we reviewed the clinical PSA neuroradiologic and neuropathologic features in all published cases of isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency seizures or abnormal movements were prominent features in all cases developmental delays were reported in cases ectopia lentis was detected in cases clinical improvement with dietary therapy was seen in only patients both of whom presented after the age of months and had relatively mild developmental delays plasma or urinary ssulfocysteine levels were elevated in all cases urinary sulfite was detected in all except case cerebral atrophy and cystic encephalomalacia were observed with neuroradiologic imaging and were noted in all postmortem reports of isolated SO deficiency the main alternative in the differential diagnosis of isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency is molybdenum cofactor deficiency | MEDAL |
anaemia was detected in housed lambs by clinical and haematological investigation conjunctival pallor was used as a clinical test for anaemia and the results indicate that this has high specificity per cent to per cent and low sensitivity per cent to per cent the haematological results indicated a nonregenerative anaemia with low packed cell volume red blood cell count and haemoglobin in a subset of lambs examined biochemically anaemia was associated with low serum iron concentration and low SI binding cobalt C2 were within normal ranges and blood copper levels were slightly raised at present it is unclear whether this is a primary or AA iron deficiency | MEDAL |
the present electron microscopic cytochemical investigation was undertaken to characterize the alterations in the golgi apparatus and gerl of rat parotid acinar cells during ethionine intoxication and recovery although the GA and gerl were reduced in size and some broadening of the golgi saccules occurred as the result of ethionine treatment the relative localization of thiamine pyrophosphatase tppase activity in the golgi saccules and acid phosphatase activity acpase in gerl remained unchanged shortly T3 ethionine treatment was stopped a dramatic redistribution of enzyme activities was noted within the first hours of recovery the GA began to enlarge and the content of sec LG increased by day of recovery cisternae morphologically identifiable as gerl and forming sec LG possessed tppase activity while acpase activity was virtually undetectable T3 seven days of recovery the GA and gerl appeared both morphologically and cytochemically normal the enzyme modulation observed during recovery may be correlated with increased sec granule production furthermore the presence of tppase activity in gerl and forming secretory granules lends support to the suggestion that gerl may be derived from the trans golgi saccule | MEDAL |
we have studied the physiological properties of cells in the deprived layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus lgn in monkeys monocularly deprived from birth for up to weeks and compared them with results from the nondeprived layers in the same animals and in a series of normal animals despite the relative shrinkage of cell bodies in the deprived layers units were easily isolated were visually responsive and could readily be classified as linear x or nonlinear y by means of tests of spatial summation the laminar distribution of cell types and the proportion of y cells did not seem to be affected by ED the patterns and latencies of discharge produced by contrastreversing gratings did not differ grossly between deprived and nondeprived cells the peak firing frequencies for drifting gratings were also similar the degree of surround antagonism though very VL from cell to cell seemed unaffected by ED most surprising of all there was little or no deficit in the spatial resolution of the receptive fields of deprived cells recordings were always taken ipsilateral to the deprived eye and neural acuity tended to be sligtly lower in the deprived laminae than the nondeprived however this nasaltemporal asymmetry in spatial resolution was not obviously more pronounced than in normal animals neural acuity was not abnormally low in either contralateral or ipsilateral layers in the lgn of an animal binocularly deprived from birth until a year of age we have not examined chromatic properties or temporal characteristics adequately to say whether they are affected by deprivation paradoxically although the PN maturation of visual acuity in normal monkeys seems to be mainly limited by peripheral AF ED which causes a profound defect of behavioural acuity does not seem to interfere substantially with physiological OD of the retina or the geniculate nucleus | MEDAL |
a young aids patient was admitted to the intensive therapy ward of our hospital with ards the case raised the question of how medical and nursing personnel should face the problem of suitable treatment for a terminally ill patient therapy was based on invasive methods such as mechanical ventilation and the IS of catheters to monitor vital parameters the evolution of ards in mofs revealed the difficulty of sustaining vital parameters and avoiding pluriorganic damage | MEDAL |
we have shown that urinary urea excretion decreased in rats fed a low gluten diet supplemented with dietary limiting amino acids the purpose of present study was to determine whether the addition of dietary limiting amino acids to a low gluten diet affected the synthesis and Kd of NAG and regulated urea synthesis experiments were done on two CG of rats given diets containing gluten or gluten llysine lthreonine and lmethionine for d the urinary excretion of urea and the CL concentration of nacetylglutamate and the CL activity of nacetylglutamate synthetase decreased with the addition of dietary llysine lthreonine and lmethionine nacetylglutamate concentration in the liver was closely correlated with the nacetylglutamate synthetase activity in the liver and excretion of urea the greater degradation of nacetylglutamate was observed in the group fed the glutenllysine lthreonine and lmethionine the hepatic concentration of glu and plasma concentration of arginine were not related to the NAG concentration in the CL these results suggest that the addition of limiting amino acids to the low gluten diet controls the synthesis and Kd of nacetylglutamate in the liver and lowers urea synthesis | MEDAL |
dna betapolymerase betapol carries out two critical enzymatic reactions in mammalian singlenucleotide base excision repair ber dna synthesis to fill the repair patch and lyase removal of the deoxyribose phosphate drp group following cleavage of the AP site by apurinicapyrimidinic APE the requirement for betapol in singlenucleotide ber is exemplified in mouse fibroblasts with a null mutation in the betapol gene these cells are hypersensitive to monofunctional dna methylating agents such as methyl methanesulfonate mms this hypersensitivity is associated with an abundance of chromosomal damage and induction of apoptosis and necrotic cell death we have found that betapol null cells are defective in repair of mmsinduced dna lesions consistent with a cellular ber deficiency as a causative agent in the observed hypersensitivity further the NT kda domain of betapol which contains the drp lyase activity in the wildtype enzyme is sufficient to reverse the methylating agent hypersensitivity in betapol null cells these results indicate that lyase removal of the drp group is a pivotal step in ber in vivo finally we examined mmsinduced genomic dna mutagenesis in two isogenic mouse cell lines designed for study of the role of ber mms exposure strongly increases mutant frequency in betapol null cells but not in wildtype cells with mms treatment betapol null cells have a higher frequency of all six basepair substitutions suggesting that ber plays a role in protecting the cell against methylationinduced mutations | MEDAL |
pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis pci is a relatively rare mostly benign condition we report a case of chemotherapyinduced pci with free retro and intraperitoneal gas in a yearold man with ALL one chest radiography and upright abdominal radiography showed free intra and RP gas computed tomography demonstrated subserosal gas collections conservative treatment with oxygen metronidazol and parenteral alimentation was performed and pci resolved within weeks | MEDAL |
olfactory loss is a debilitating symptom of CRS crs although olfactory SNs osns are normally regenerated constantly in the olfactory epithelium oe a transgenic model of crsassociated olfactory loss inducible olfactory inflammation ioi mouse shows that inflammation causes widespread osn loss without CFU-GM proliferation in this T0 we further examine whether the inflammatory cytokine RT necrosis factor alpha TNF inhibits olfactory regeneration | MEDAL |
saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance and the spin label carboxypropyldimethyltridecyloxazolidinyloxyl were used to study erythrocytes from patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy or becker syndrome and from agematched normal boys there were significant differences in the spectral intensities of erythrocytes from duchenne patients when compared to controls spectral intensities increased with time in the former no such change was observed in the latter ST electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of erythrocytes from patients with becker syndrome were significantly different from those from duchenne patients but were not significantly different from normals these observations suggest the possible usefulness of these techniques in the differential diagnosis of DMD spin label concentration spectral studies suggest that the observed spectral differences between DMD patients and controls were due to differential spin exchange phenomena | MEDAL |
dynamic NLP is a widely used programming technique in bioinformatics in sharp contrast to the simplicity of textbook examples implementing a dynamic programming algorithm for a novel and nontrivial application is a tedious and error prone task the algebraic dynamic programming approach seeks to alleviate this situation by clearly separating the DP recurrences and scoring schemes | MEDAL |
the mitochondrial dna of sheep from families were typed by using pcrrflp direct amplification of the repeated CS domain and sequencing analysis the mitochondrial dna from three lambs in two halfsib families were found to show paternal inheritance our findings provide direct evidence of paternal inheritance of mitochondria dna in sheep a total of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers which mapped on different chromosomes were employed to type the sheep population to confirm family relationships possible mechanisms of paternal inheritance are discussed | MEDAL |
right aortic arch is an unusual arch variation supraaortic neurointervention in such cases has been sparingly reported this case highlights the unusual association of a left hemispheric convexity meningioma with a RAA which was successfully navigated particle embolisation of the meningioma produced good results followed by CR surgical excision and gratifying overall final outcome in this challenging scenario | MEDAL |
relaxin is a small peptide hormone with a variety of biological functions to investigate the SVR endocrine effects of relaxin we produced mice with transgenic overexpression of the rln gene tgrln driven by rat insulin promoter the expression of relaxin was detected in the pancreas of the transgenic animals an analysis of the sera from the transgenic animals revealed at least fold elevation of the level of bioactive relaxin transgenic animals had normal viability and fertility in both sexes transgenic overexpression of rln did not rescue the undescended testis phenotype in insldeficient males suggesting that in vivo relaxin does not interact with the insulinlike factor receptor leucinerich repeatscontaining g proteincoupled receptor lgr phenotypically the excess of relaxin resulted in hypertrophic nipple development in virgin female mice deletion of the relaxin receptor leucinerich repeatscontaining g proteincoupled receptor lgr in tgrln animals abrogated the development of enlarged nipples in females indicating that relaxin exerts its effect through lgr CT the C2 of previously defined targets of relaxin signaling such as MMPs and V1 endothelial growth factor or nitric oxide were similar in the sera of the transgenic and wildtype mice however the TPP concentration in male tgrln mice was lower than that in control animals the livers of male tgrln mice exhibited significantly higher hydroxyproline content indicative of increased collagen deposition our results indicate that relaxin overexpression causes genderspecific changes in CL collagen metabolism | MEDAL |
in utero retinoid exposure results in numerous craniofacial malformations including craniosynostosis although many malformations associated with retinoic acid syndrome are associated with neural crest defects the specific mechanisms of retinoidinduced craniosynostosis remain unclear the authors used the culture of mouse cranial suturederived mesenchymal cells to probe the potential cellular mechanisms of this teratogen to better elucidate mechanisms of retinoidinduced suture fusion | MEDAL |
most violent behaviors arise from wakefulness it is important to realize that violent behaviors that may have forensic science implications can arise from the sleep period by virtue of the fact that these behaviors arise from sleep they are executed without conscious awareness and therefore without culpability the most common underlying conditions arising from sleep are disorders of arousal sleepwalking and sleep terrors the rapid EM sleep behavior disorder and nocturnal seizures in addition there are a number of psychiatric conditions dissociative disorders malingering and munchausen syndrome by proxy that actually arise from periods of wakefulness occurring during the sleep period the clinical and medicolegal DUE of such cases is outlined and should be performed by a MDT of experienced sleep medicine practitioners | MEDAL |
a yearold japanese man was admitted to hospital for DUE of anterior CP at rest he had a past history of cerebellar infarction when he was years old a conventional dimensional echocardiogram revealed normal left VF and no abnormal findings however second harmonic imaging demonstrated noncontractile diverticula at the submitral annular portion of the PW of the left IVT SHI revealed another contractile diverticulum at the anterior wall of left ventricle in the shortaxis view these findings were confirmed by left ventriculography after confirming the diagnosis of multiple left VVI diverticula a rare type of congenital anomaly anticoagulant therapy was started and he is well to date left VVI diverticula are clinically very important because they are often associated with serious complications such as systemic TE enhancement of the left VVI endocardial borders by second HI is useful for the diagnosis of left ventricular diverticula | MEDAL |
log DRCs have been determined for lipolysis and for the conversion of glucosec to co by AT from rats in the presence of EN corticotropin and thyrotropin the stimulatory effect of EN on lipolysis was greater than that of corticotropin or TSH lipolysis induced by epinephrine was inhibited by propranolol but only slightly by phenoxybenzamine whereas lipolysis induced by ACTH was inhibited by phenoxybenzamine to a muof neutralizing antibodies with ethanethiol of the patients with pericarditis myocarditis or pleurodynia had igm antibody to group b coxsackieviruses as compared with in the control group on retrospective review of the clinical diagnosis some of the patients in the control group with igm antibody were found to have had additional clinical findings which could be attributed to a coxsackievirus infection coxsackievirus igm antibody was demonstrable in of patients in the study group for whom virus isolation had been attempted with negative results the presence of coxsackievirus igm is discussed in relation to the time of serum collection age of the patients and month of onset of illness | MEDAL |
RA VVI rv dysfunction and failure contribute to the increasing morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases however current treatment strategies are grossly inadequate shengmaisan sms has been used to treat HR diseases for hundreds of years in china and its protective effects on rv have not been observed the present study was to investigate the protective effects of sms aqueous extract on rv dysfunction in chronic intermittent hypoxia cih mice MM the results showed that cih mice model presented rv dysfunction and maladaptive compensation after daycih and sms treatment significantly reversed these changes diastolic function of rv was restored and systolic dysfunction was att including elevation of rv stroke volume and FS as well as pulmonary circulation structurally sms treatment inhibited rv dilation cardiomyocytes vacuolization ultrastructure abnormalities and the expression of cleaved ICE of importance sms showed remarkable antioxidant activity by decreasing the C2 of malondialdehyde mda and hydroxynonenal hne increasing the C2 of superoxide dismutase sod and heme oxygenase ho as well as inhibiting the overexpression of nt in rv our results indicate that sms preserve rv structure and CF in cihexposed mice by involving regulation in both ros and reactive nitrogen species rns production | MEDAL |
one strategy for the generation of broadly reactive NT antibodies na against HIV-1 hiv primary isolates is to use immunogens that have constrained hiv envelope gp conformations reflective of triggered env on the surface of virions a major NC in gp following binding to cd is the enhanced SE of the ccr IB site one inducer of ccr binding site epitopes on gp is the human antigp monoclonal antibody a we have made crosslinked argp and argpbal complexes and have compared their immunogenicities to those of uncomplexed recombinant gpbal rgpbal and rgp argp and argpbal complexes had SD induced ccr binding site expression compared to that of uncomplexed rgps however the argp complexes had similar capacities in guinea pigs for induction of na against hiv primary isolates versus that of rgp CT argp induced antibodies that neutralized out of hiv isolates while rgp CT induced antibodies that neutralized out of hiv isolates argpbal complexes induced antibodies that neutralized out of hiv isolates while surprisingly noncrosslinked rgpbal induced antibodies that neutralized out of hiv isolates thus SD enhanced expression of the coreceptor binding site on constrained gp is not sufficient for inducing broadly NT antihiv na moreover the ability of hiv rgpbal to induce antibodies that neutralized approximately of AT1 b hiv isolates warrants consideration of using hiv bal as a starting point for immunogen design for AT1 b hiv exp immunogens | MEDAL |
whole body kinematics of the tennis serve have been reported extensively in the literature yet comparatively less information exists regarding the kinematic characteristics of the swing and toss in attempting to develop consistency in placement of the toss and racket trajectory coaches will often decompose the serve and practice it in separate parts a camera vicon mx motion analysis system operating at hz captured racket ball and hand kinematics of the serves of five elite junior players under three conditions the conditions were flat first serves fs directed to a x m target bordering the t of the deuce service box a ball toss bt in isolation and a free swing sw in isolation players were instructed to perform bt and sw as in the fs paired ttests assessed withingroup differences in hand racket and ball kinematics between the discrete skill and the two decomposed conditions vertical MSD of the ball at its zenith increased significantly during bt compared with the fs and temporal associations between racket and ball motion during the fs r were affected during task decomposition this study questions the pervasive use of task decomposition in the OD of the tennis serve | MEDAL |
the purpose of this T0 is to investigate propagation patterns in intracardiac signals recorded during atrial fibrillation af using an approach based on partial directed coherence pdc which evaluates directional coupling between multiple signals in the frequency domain the pdc is evaluated at the dominant frequency of af signals and tested for significance using a surrogate data procedure specifically designed to assess causality for significantly coupled sites the RPA allows also to estimate the delay in propagation the methods potential is illustrated with two simulation scenarios based on a detailed ionic model of the human atrial myocyte as well as with real data recordings selected to present typical propagation mechanisms and recording situations in atrial tachyarrhythmias in both simulation scenarios the significant pdcs correctly reflect the direction of coupling and thus the propagation between all recording CS in the real data recordings clear propagation patterns are identified which agree with previous clinical observations thus the results illustrate the ability of the novel approach to identify propagation patterns from intracardiac signals during af which can provide important information about the underlying af mechanisms potentially improving the planning and outcome of arrhythmia ablation | MEDAL |
dysregulation of protein expression is associated with most diseases including CA msbased proteomic analysis is widely employed as a tool to study protein dysregulation in cancers proteins that are differentially expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc cell lines compared to the normal oral cell line could serve as biomarkers for patient stratification to understand the proteomic complexity in hnscc we carried out itraqbased ms analysis on a panel of hnscc cell lines in addition to a normal oral keratinocyte cell line lcmsms analysis of total proteome of the hnscc cell lines led to the identification of proteins of which proteins were overexpressed and proteins were downregulated more than twofold in at least two of the three hnscc cell lines studied among the overexpressed proteins proteins were related to dna replication and repair these included highmobility group box hmgb protein which was overexpressed in all three hnscc lines studied overexpression of hmgb has been reported in various cancers yet its role in hnscc remains unclear immunohistochemical labeling of hmgb in a panel of hnscc PT using tissue microarrays revealed overexpression in of of PT the hmgb proteins are known to bind to dna structure resulting from cisplatindna adducts and affect the chemosensitivity of cells we observed that sirnamediated silencing of hmgb increased the sensitivity of the hnscc cell lines to cisplatin and fu we hypothesize that targeting hmgb could enhance the efficacy of existing chemotherapeutic regimens for treatment of hnscc all ms data have been deposited in the proteomexchange with identifier pxd httpproteomecentralproteomexchangeorgdatasetpxd | MEDAL |
in order to hematologically characterize sartstressed repeated coldstressed animals which are regarded as MM animals of clinical dysautonomia general hematological analyses were performed in mice subjected to various types of stress sartstressed mice showed significant increases in erythrocyte count hemoglobin hematocrit and SG of whole blood no NC in leukocyte count and a marked decrease in PLT count among the above changes the decreased platelet count was particularly characteristic of sartstressed mice splenectomy failed to inhibit the sart stressinduced thrombocytopenia bone marrow megakaryocyte counts increased following the stress the BT of sartstressed mice was more than double that of normal mice consecutive administrations of neurotropin a sedative analgesic completely blocked the alterations in platelet count megakaryocyte count and one time in sartstressed mice without producing any effect in unstressed mice from the present results it is suggested that sartstressed mice may be characterized by TP which is not attributable to enhanced CF of the spleen or suppressed PLT production in the bone marrow moreover neurotropin appears to be ERP for moderating sart stress | MEDAL |
traditionally fermented dairy products are still a very important part of the daily food in romania especially for people living in the countryside to T0 the biodiversity of lactic acid bacterium strains of these products samples raw and fermented milk sour cream and cheese were collected from farm houses monasteries and local markets throughout romania LA bacteria lab were isolated using six different cultivation conditions all isolates were tested for their gram reaction cat and morphology a reppcr fingerprinting technique with the gtg primer and in some cases sdspage of total cell proteins and s rrna gene sequencing were used to cluster andor identify the lab the biodiversity of the isolated strains was correlated with the type of product andor technology applied the most frequent lab found in romanian raw milk and fermented dairy products were lactococcus lactis leuconostoc spp and enterococcus spp among the latter a new species e saccharominimus was found | MEDAL |
we examined the hypothesis that myocardial contrast echocardiography mce is superior to conventional electrocardiographic echocardiographic and troponin i criteria for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome we prospectively enrolled consecutive patients years of age men who presented to the emergency room with CP on exertion and at rest exclusion criteria included an age years presence of q wave or ST and a poor echocardiographic window echocardiography and mce were performed to assess regional wall motion CA rwmas and myocardial perfusion defects by using continuous infusion of perfluorocarbonexposed sonicated dextrose Al acute coronary syndrome was confirmed in patients there were no deaths patients had acute myocardial infarction and patients required urgent revascularization on MLR analysis MP defect odd ratio p was the only independent VL for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome MP defect odd ratio p and troponin i levels odd ratio p were independent predictors for acute myocardial infarction the sensitivity of myocardial perfusion defect for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome was which is significantly higher than the sensitivities of st NC troponin i increase and rwma and respectively with similar specificities of to in conclusion mce is more sensitive than the currently used electrocardiographic and troponin i criteria and evaluation of myocardial perfusion defect by mce complements rwma analysis by conventional echocardiography for accurate diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome | MEDAL |
we have investigated the blood vessels in keloids and hypertrophic scars both morphologically and statistically we also tried to construct threedimensional images of blood vessels in a keloid and HCM scar to clarify the vascular patterns keloids n and hypertrophic scars n were stained with HE and immunostained with anticd antibody the CD number mm and length of the major and minor axes were measured and the majorminor axis ratio was calculated eighty serial sections were prepared from the S9 using image preparation software realia intage the input images were superimposed to construct a threedimensional image of blood vessels in the tissue we initially succeeded in constructing threedimensional images of blood vessels in a keloid and hypertrophic scar by statistical analysis of the VD and morphology we clarified that there were fewer capillaries in keloids than in HCM scars p and that the V1 lumen was flattened capillaries in the CE region of keloids tended to flat compared with those in the marginal region threedimensional images suggested that there was no microvascular communication in keloids there was also an inadequate blood supply in keloid tissue these findings may be a result of the growth of collagen and fibroblasts with keloid maturation | MEDAL |