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selecting home care patients who would otherwise go into a nursing home always involves error serving too many or two few to clarify the choices program and case managers must make we propose a riskbased alternative to current selection methods that involves scientificallyderived variable weighting and conscious choice of cutoff score for bestowing home care eligibility we illustrate our proposal with data from floridas comprehensive assessment and review of LT PCS cares program using LR we identify characteristics that distinguish clients recommended for nursing home placement from those referred to the community and use these results to estimate the risk of nursing home recommendation for each client an approach to using these risk scores to determine eligibility is demonstrated along with assessment of the impact of alternative risk score cutoffs on denying care to as many as half or as few as of clients served | MEDAL |
to reassess the hypothesis that fatty acid catabolism occurs to completion via betaoxidation SD rats receiving continuous TPN nutrition tpn including energy as fat were infused with c or ctriolein expired co was collected continuously for h and its cc ratio determined by isotoperatio mass spectrometry bicarbonate PR was also assessed over h by infusion of nahco and measurement of the expired co a possible loss of label from coleic acid from the CAC via labelled acetylcoa without oxidation to co was assessed by infusing further animals with acetate labelled with c either at c atoms or and determination of its conversion to expired co at isotopic steady state se n of the infused cacetate and se n of cacetate was recovered as expired co after correction for bicarbonate PR and nonoxidative isotope loss se n of the ctriolein was found to have been oxidized whereas se n of the ctriolein was oxidized p or the lower oxidation of the c atom at position of OA acid than that at position indicates incomplete oxidative breakdown of the HFA after entering betaoxidation | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic lithium treatment on calcium castimulated adenylate cyclase activity in rat striatum and hippocampus and to elucidate the effect of lithium treatment on the neurotransmittergtpmediated inhibition of castimulated CEA in the two BB Az lithium treatment which gave a serumlithium concentration of mmoll enhanced castimulated CEA in the hippocampus but reduced this activity in the striatum serotonin ht dose dependently reduced castimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the hippocampus and chronic lithium administration reduced the ability of microm ht to inhibit castimulated CEA furthermore the htinduced gtpmediated inhibition of castimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the hippocampus was markedly decreased by lithium increasing concentrations of dopamine in the striatum did not however affect castimulated adenylate cyclase activity and the inhibition of enzyme activity observed with increasing concentrations of gtp was not influenced by chronic lithium treatment these results demonstrate that lithium ex vivo exerts dual and regionspecific effects on castimulated adenylate cyclase in the brain furthermore LT administration of lithium could reduce the GABA effect of ht on adenylate cyclase in the hippocampus by influencing the inhibitory gtpbinding protein the effects of lithium on serotonergic and DA neurotransmission could be involved in the therapeutic actions of lithium in manicdepressive illness | MEDAL |
genetically modified mice represent useful tools for traumatic BB injury tbi research and attractive preclinical models for the OD of novel therapeutics experimental methods that minimize the number of mice needed may increase the pace of discovery with this in mind we developed and characterized a prototype EM em controlled cortical impact device along with refined surgical and behavioral testing techniques by varying the depth of impact between and mm we found that the em device was capable of producing a broad range of injury severities histologically mm impact depth injuries produced by the em device were similar to mm impact depth injuries produced by a commercially available pneumatic device behaviorally and mm impacts impaired hidden platform and probe trial WM performance whereas mm impacts did not rotorod and visible platform water maze deficits were also found following and mm impacts no impairment of conditioned fear performance was detected no differences were found between sexes of mice interoperator reliability was very good behaviorally we found that we could statistically distinguish between injury depths differing by mm using mice per group and between injury depths differing by mm with mice per group thus the em impactor and refined surgical and behavioral testing techniques may offer a reliable and convenient FR for preclinical tbi research involving mice | MEDAL |
the authors report the case of a year old woman with acute left ventricular failure associated with severe hypocalcaemia mmoll without chronic renal failure or hypoproteinaemia the echocardiographic appearances were those of dilated and globally hypokinetic cardiomyopathy with a severely depressed left ventricular ejection fraction haemodynamic improvement was only obtained by the association of calcium supplements and vitamin d derivatives unalfa to conventional treatment a low SS calcium associated with hyperphosphotaemia hypocalciuria hypophosphaturia and above all a high PTH concentration provided the diagnosis of a sporadic form of type ib pseudohypoparathyroidism AA CF to the hypocalcaemia is mainly observed in children and young adults in the context of chronic renal failure or true HP pseudohypoparathyroidism is a very rare condition and systolic lv dysfunction for which hypocalcaemia is responsible would seem to be totally reversible T3 calcium supplementation | MEDAL |
when subjected to stress plants reprogram their growth by largely unknown mechanisms to provide insights into this process the growth of arabidopsis arabidopsis thaliana leaves that develop under mild osmotic AS was studied early during leaf development cell number and size were reduced by AS but growth was remarkably adaptable as division and expansion rates were MZ to controls within a few days of leaf initiation to investigate the molecular basis of the observed adaptability leaves with only proliferating exclusively expanding and mature cells were analyzed by transcriptomics and targeted metabolomics the AS response measured in growing and mature leaves was largely distinct several hundred transcripts and multiple metabolites responded exclusively in the proliferating andor expanding leaves only a few genes were differentially expressed across the three stages data analysis showed that proliferation and expansion were regulated by common regulatory circuits involving ethylene and GAs but not abscisic acid the role of ethylene was supported by the analysis of ethyleneinsensitive mutants exclusively in proliferating cells stress induced genes of the socalled mitochondrial dysfunction regulon comprising alternative oxidase upregulation for eight of these genes was confirmed with promoterbetaglucuronidase reporter lines furthermore mitochondria of stresstreated dividing cells were morphologically distinct from control ones and growth of plants overexpressing the alternative oxidase gene was more tolerant to osmotic and drought stresses taken together our data underline the value of analyzing stress responses in OD and demonstrate the importance of mitochondrial respiration for sustaining cell proliferation under osmotic AS conditions | MEDAL |
flavopiridol is a potent cyclindependant kinase cdk inhibitor and is in clinical trials for anticancer treatment a limiting factor in its drug OD has been the high dosage required in human clinical trials the high dosage is suggested to be necessary because of significant flavopiridol IB to human blood SS albumin is the major protein component of BS and has been suggested as a likely high affinity IB target we characterized the binding of human SS Al to flavopiridol using circular dichroism hereafter cd flavopiridol bound to human SS albumin has a diagnostic cd IB peak at nm the diagnostic cd binding peak was unobservable for FP with bovine SS Al using the same experimental conditions however under higher albumin concentrations a small cd signal is observed confirming flavopiridol binds to bovine SS albumin as well | MEDAL |
sugar receptors are being increasingly implicated in hostpathogen interactions because of their TPS recognition of carbohydrates of microorganisms the aim of this study was to identify sugar receptors expressed on the surface of human epidermal langerhans cells lc to this end binding of a panel of fluorescent neoglycoproteins to human epidermal lc was analyzed by quantitative flow cytofluorometry after standardization with calibrated beads we demonstrate that fresh human lc are the only cells isolated from healthy epidermis which express a membrane receptor TPS for fucosebovine serum Al bsa and mannosebsa quantitative analysis of mannosebsa or fucosebsa IB showed nonlinear scatchard plots denoting the presence of high and moderate affinity IB on the lc surface the binding parameters of these two ligands were not significantly different mannan the yeast mannoserich polysaccharide fucosebsa mannosebsa and free fucose are strong competitors of the three known ligands of the mannose receptor ie fucosebsa mannosebsampact of HIV virus infection hiv each year thousands of spanishspeaking hispanics call the centers for disease control and prevention national aids hotline to ask questions about hiv during alone spanish L1 staff answered more than calls this article presents a profile of callers and their concerns based on a systematic sample of these calls n and qualitative data the authors triangulated quantitative and qualitative results to provide a deeper understanding of the issues and dilemmas discussed with callers males and females called in equal numbers but significant gender differences were observed in both situational and content variables gender roles cultural values and anxiety strongly affect the way that callers RPA information and prevention findings suggest that health educators need to carefully examine whether prevention programs will reinforce or challenge traditional gender roles sexual norms and cultural values | MEDAL |
the objective of this study was to identify a suitable alternative to the current practice of complementing the feeding of milk byproducts with straw the influence of different types of solid feeds on health and performance of swiss veal calves was investigated in production cycles of veal calves each with a mean initial age of days d the calves were housed in CG of in stalls with outside pen liquid FF consisted of a milk byproduct combined with an additional skim milk powder ad libitum groups were assigned to of the following exp solid feeds provided ad libitum mix composition soy flakes corn barley wheat oat barley middling plant oil molasses whole plant corn pellets corn silage hay and wheat straw as control daily DMI per calf averaged kg of the liquid food kg of straw kg of mix kg of CS kg of corn pellets and kg of hay no significant differences p among CG were found in calf losses that amounted to because of gastrointestinal disorders four percent of the calves were slaughtered prematurely daily doses of antibiotics were higher in the mix d p and in the CS groups d p compared to control compared to the other CG calves of the straw group showed the highest prevalence of abnormal ruminal content p of abnormal ruminal papillae p of abomasal fundic lesions p and the lowest number of chewing movements per bolus p the hemoglobin concentration averaged gl at the beginning and gl at the end of the fattening period with no significant differences among CG p the duration of the fattening period averaged d slaughter age d and carcass weight kg the average daily WG adg was highest in the control group straw kg and lowest in the hay group kg p the number of carcasses classified as c h and t very high to medium SQ was lower in the hay group compared to straw p no significant differences between groups were found in meat color p of the carcasses were assessed as pale as pink and as red the results reveal that wholeplant corn pellets are most consistent with an optimal result combining the calves health and fattening performance therefore it can be recommended as an additional solid feed for veal calves under swiss conditions | MEDAL |
uvinduced photoproducts cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers cpds in dna are removed by nucleotide excision repair ner and the presence of transcription AF on dna can restrict the accessibility of ner enzymes we have investigatigated the modulation of ner in a gene promoter using the xenopus transcription factor iiia tfiiias rdna complex and xenopus oocyte nuclear extracts tfiiia alters cpd formation primarily in the transcribed strand of the bp IC region icr of s rdna during ner in vitro cpd removal is reduced at most sites in both strands of the icr when tfiiia is bound efficient repair occurs just outside the tfiiiabinding site within bp and in the absence of s rrna transcription interestingly three cpd sites within the icr transcribed strand and NTS are repaired rapidly when tfiiia is bound while cpds within approximately bases of these sites are repaired much more slowly cpds at these three sites may partially displace tfiiia thereby enabling rapid repair however tfiiia is not completely displaced during ner at least at CS outside the icr even though the ner complex could be sterically hindered by tfiiia such inefficient repair of transcription factor IB sites could increase mutation frequency in regulatory regions of genes | MEDAL |
multiple approaches have been used to replace lost damaged or diseased gingival tissues coronally T3 flap caf and the use of guided tissue regeneration are among the successfully used surgical techniques to treat REC platelet rich plasma prp containing autologous growth factors has been shown to promote softtissue healing therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the tau of prp in combination with caf in the treatment of gingival recession | MEDAL |
acoustic rhinometry ar evaluates the geometry of the nasal cavity by measuring the minimum crosssectional area mca and nasal volume v by means of acoustic reflection understanding the normal and pathologic conditions of the internal nasal cavity using ar is important in the diagnosis of structural abnormalities in patients the aim of this T0 was to investigate the normal range of ar parameters in healthy volunteers from three ethnic CG in singapore chinese malay and indian we also attempted to evaluate the role of these measurements in the documentation of structural abnormalities in the nose a total of singaporeans aged or years were recruited from a nationwide survey T0 they comprised chinese malays and indians eightynine subjects had a rhinoscopically normal nose group had significant septal deviation group and had inferior turbinate hypertrophy group ar was performed to measure the mca at the anterior cm from the nostril and the volume v between points at the nostril and cm into the nose a mean mca mmca equal to l r and a total volume vt equal to l r were then calculated for each subject where l and r refer to the measurements made for the left and RA nostrils respectively the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in mmca p and vt p among the three ethnic subgroups of group statistically significant differences were found only between CG and p for both mmca and vt and between CG and p for mmca and p for vt although there was no significant difference between CG and significant differences in mca p and v p were found between the narrower sides smaller volume and the wider sides in group indicating volume compensation between the nasal cavities in conclusion our T0 demonstrates that there is no significant difference in the normal range of ar measurements among chinese malay and indian ethnic CG ar is able to determine the structural abnormality of the internal nasal cavity caused by septal deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy | MEDAL |
AIs that block estrogen synthesis are a proven firstline HT for postmenopausal breast cancer although it is known that standardized extract of ginkgo biloba egb induces anticarcinogenic effects like the aromatase inhibitors the effects of egb on steroidogenesis have not been studied yet therefore the effects of egb on steroidogenesis and AA was studied using a hr cell model which was a good in vitro MM to predict effects on human adrenal steroidogenesis | MEDAL |
nocturnal enuresis is usually diagnosed and treated by a primary paediatrician or family practitioner if there is any doubt the children may be referred to a paediatric urologist obstructive sleepdisordered breathing is a complex multifactorial disorder adenotonsillar hypertrophy is considered an important factor associated with obstructive SA syndrome enuresis and obstructive sleepdisordered PLB are both frequent problems of sleep in childhood we conducted an electronic search in medline scopus and the isi web of science to look for published material and identify a putative link between NE and obstructive sleepdisordered PLB a total number of documents were found but of these had to be excluded T3 an attentive reading of the title abstract or full text because the information therein was not suitable for the aims of our search studies have found that children with OSA syndrome frequently also have nocturnal enuresis both disorders have an underlying sleep disturbance characterised by an altered arousal response and sleep fragmentation the pathophysiology of enuretic events is seemingly linked to nocturnal obstructive events causing IAP and altered systemic blood pressure that induces natriuresis and polyuria by altering C2 of ADH and atrial and BB natriuretic MMP we found studies regarding the urological outcome of treatment for obstructive sleepdisordered breathing in children with enuresis although a vast amount of information is now available regarding the relationship between NE and obstructive sleepdisordered PLB many of the published studies were uncontrolled retrospective or prospective cohort studies grade c recommendation resolution of enuresis T3 medical or surgical treatment for obstructive sleepdisordered PLB has been emphasised consequently symptolation of expression between kras and arf in the tcga dataset further confirmed this observation taken together our novel findings suggest arf a target of mutant kras may promote pancreatic CA OD by enhancing the warburg effect | MEDAL |
there is an increased risk of infection in patients with neutropaenia especially in those with neutrophil counts of less than x l and neutropaeniaassociated infection remains a limiting factor in treating malignancy especially of haematopoietic origin transfusing donor neutrophils is a logical RPA to these problems but granulocyte transfusion gtx a practice first advocated in the s is underused and although now enjoying resurgence remains controversial the aim of this T0 was to determine the practical aspects of gtx and clinical responses in patients receiving them this is an observational retrospective review of gtx in patients undergoing therapy for predominantly haematological malignancies we reviewed blood bank records and identified patients who received therapeutic PMNL procured by LP and linked these recipients with their granulocyte donors we determined the reasons for gtx and their clinical and relevant haematological responses to the transfusions we identified patients receiving at least three continuous days of gtx and who had adequate clinical and haematological data most donors were relatives and abo matched with their respective recipients mean age of the patients was years severe aplastic anaemia was the most common diagnosis occurring in patients followed by acute myeloid leukaemia in disseminated fungal infection was the most common reason for gtx occurring in patients followed by febrile neutropaenia in patients fifteen patients showed clinical improvement this uncontrolled retrospective observational study provides some evidence that procurement and use of gtx is safe for both donors and recipients and is probably an ERP ST for patients with febrile neutropaenia | MEDAL |
between the optic nerve and its sheath is a small csffilled space that communicates with the subarachnoid space of the BB a technique for the radiographic opacification of the optic nerve subarachnoid space following the intrathecal i.t. of metrizamide was investigated in dogs the technique enabled indirect visualization of the optic nerves from the optic chiasm to the eyeball and of structures within the subarachnoid basal cisterns of the BB including the optic chiasm hypophysis and blood vessels of the cerebral arterial circle MSD and one of the optic nerve subarachnoid space were demonstrated T3 surgically creating optic nerve lesions to simulate orbital PT and trauma the technique was found to be safe ERP and advantageous over other techniques currently available for the visualization of these structures | MEDAL |
objectives the main objective of this study was to assess the chromium exposure levels in printing workers the study evaluated the airborne serum and urinary chromium levels and determines any correlation between level of chromium in specimen and airborne chromium C2 material and methods a crosssectional T0 was conducted with exposed and matched nonexposed subjects air PLB zone was measured by furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer SS and urine samples were collected to determine chromium C2 by graphite furnaces AA spectrometer chromium analyzer results and discussion the printing workers urinary chromium C2 ± μgg creatinine and SS chromium C2 ± μgl were significantly higher than the control group p and p work position duration of work personal protective equipment ppe and personal hygiene were significantly associated with urinary chromium level and serum chromium C2 p and p this T0 found a correlation between airborne chromium C2 and urinary chromium C2 r p a multiple regression MM was constructed significant predictors of urinary and SS chromium levels were shown in this study conclusion improvements in working conditions OH training and ppe use are recommended to reduce chromium SE | MEDAL |
although the cerebellar interpositus nuclei are known to be involved in cognitive functions such as associative motor learning no anatomical evidence has been available for this issue here we used retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies virus to identify SN in the CN that project via the TH to area of the prefrontal SC of macaques in comparison with the projections to the primary motor cortex m T3 rabies injections into area many SN in the restricted region of the posterior interpositus nucleus pin were labeled disynaptically via the thalamus whereas no neuron labeling was found in the anterior IP ain the CSD of the labeled neurons was dorsoventrally different from that of pin SN labeled from the m this defines an anatomical substrate for the contribution of medial cerebellar SO to cognitive functions like the DN the pin has dual motor and cognitive channels whereas the ain has a motor channel only | MEDAL |
social epidemiologists often seek to determine the mechanisms that underlie health disparities this work is typically based on mediation procedures that may not be justified with exposures of common interest in social epidemiology in this analysis we explored the consequences of using standard approaches referred to as the difference and generalized product methods when mediatoroutcome confounders are associated with the exposure we compared these with inverse probabilityweighted marginal structural models the structural transformation method doubly robust gestimation of a structural nested MM and doubly robust targeted minimum lossbased estimation we used data on births from to in the penn moms study conducted in pennsylvania to assess the extent to which breastfeeding prior to hospital discharge explained the racial disparity in IM overall for every births more infant deaths occurred among nonhispanic black women relative to all other women confidence interval using the difference and generalized product methods to assess the disparity that would remain if everyone breastfed prior to discharge suggested a CR beta of the disparity risk difference per births confidence interval in contrast doubly robust methods suggested a reduction in the disparity to confidence interval more infant deaths per births among nonhispanic black women standard approaches for mediation analysis in health disparities research can yield misleading results | MEDAL |
this article describes the OD implementation and DUE of a longitudinal IPE ipe experience for AD nurse practitioner students and internal medicine residents this experience focused on providing care for complex community based patients during clinic and home visits preceded by didactic learning that emphasized understanding one anothers professional roles and education teamwork and conflict management DUE demonstrated significant improvements in attitudes and beliefs associated with professional role respect among health professions disciplines and conflict management results with regards to attitudes towards ipe and interprofessional practice and valuing teamwork training were mixed in particular the curricular MI did not NC participantsselfreported skill in communication and did not affect attitudes and beliefs towards effects of interprofessional education on patient outcomes | MEDAL |
we have investigated whether PRs released during antigen inhalation cause dysfunction of the nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory NS nancis frequencyresponse fr studies of nancis were performed before and after ascaris antigen asc inhalation using actively sensitized cats nanc dilatatory effects were obtained by stimulating bilateral cervical vagi under cholinergic and betaadrenergic blockade and serotonininduced BC and assessed by maximal percent relaxation rmax and the frequency causing of maximal EC50 ef asc inhalation caused a transient increase in pulmonary resistance in all animals one hour after asc inhalation pulmonary resistance returned to the baseline value but asc inhalation significantly att nanc GABA activities rmax decreased from mean se to p less than and the geometric mean of ef increased from to hz p less than dilatatory effects of infused vip a possible neurotransmitter of nancis was also attenuated after asc inhalation pretreatment with leupeptin mgkg abolished ascinduced impairment of nanc inhibitory activities by contrast dilatatory effects of adrenergic nerve stimulation were not affected by asc inhalation these results suggest that nanc GABA activities can be impaired T3 asc inhalation and that this impairment of nancis may be due to effects of proteases released during allergic reaction | MEDAL |
maternal drug use and neonatal abstinence syndrome nas are being seen across the united states nas occurs with withdrawal disturbances in response to the cessation of the pregnancy SE the clinical presentation of a P0 with nas can include gastrointestinal neurologic vasomotor and respiratory PS assessment of newborns with nas can often present as a challenge to maternalchild nurses treatment can include supportive care as well as pharmacologic therapies | MEDAL |
our previous studies have shown that angiotensin ii and ROS species in the PVH nucleus pvn modulate the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex csar the present T0 was designed to demonstrate more conclusively that the pvn is an important component of the central neurocircuitry of the csar in anaesthetized SDRs with sinoaortic denervation and cervical vagotomy renal sympathetic nerve activity rsna and mean arterial pressure map were continuously recorded the csar was evaluated by the response of the rsna to epicardial application of bradykinin or capsaicin bilateral microinjection of the anaesthetic lignocaine into the pvn abolished the csar without significant effects on the baseline rsna and map while lglutamate which excites the SN in the pvn enhanced the csar and increased the baseline rsna and map bilateral electrolytic lesions of the pvn irreversibly abolished the csar without significant effects on the baseline rsna and map bilateral selective lesions of the neurons in the pvn with kainic acid induced rapid and great increases in both rsna and map which returned to nearly normal levels in min at the th minute T3 kainic acid epicardial application of bradykinin or CAP failed to induce the csar these results indicate that inhibition or lesion of the pvn abolishes the csar but excitation of the SN in the pvn enhances the csar suggesting that the pvn is an important component of the central neurocircuitry of the csar | MEDAL |
the metabolism and excretion of ST oxideglutathione conjugates were studied in the intact rat and by isolated perfusion techniques in rat lung CL and kidney the intact animals converted the ST oxideglutathione conjugates almost entirely to styrene oxidenacetylcysteine derivatives mercapturic acids with much smaller amounts of cysteine cysteinylglycine and unchanged glutathione conjugates only small amounts of biliary excretion approximately and less than of fecal excretion of radioactivity were found the isolated perfused kidney retains the capacity to transform virtually all of the glutathione conjugates at the dose level studied mumolkidney and the principal component in urine from the isolated kidney was the cysteine conjugate isolated perfused lung experiments demonstrated that this organ has a minor role in ST oxidethioether conjugate isolated perfused lung experiments demonstrated that this organ has a minor role in styrene oxidethioether conjugate metabolism the isolated perfused CL experiments showed that phenobarbital pretreatment has little effect on biliary excretion but barbital i.c.v. has little effect on biliary excretion but that it causes profound qualitative and quantitative effects on metabolism of styrene oxideglutathione conjugates in the perfusion medium the high level of styrene oxidecysteine conjugates in the perfusion medium of an isolated perfused liver especially after phenobarbital treatment is consistent with the theory that gammaglutamyltransferase activity is extracellular the highpressure liquid chromatography system of analysis described offers the ability to simultaneously separate and quantitate the major thioether conjugates of ST oxide and other electrophilic epoxides | MEDAL |
interstitial cystitis ic is a syndrome of bladder hypersensitivity with symptoms of urgency frequency and chronic pelvic pain although no consensus has been reached on the underlying cause of ic several pathophysiologic mechanisms including epithelial dysfunction mast cell activation and neurogenic inflammation have been proposed despite multiple different causes of urinary cystitis the bladders response to cystitis is limited and typical animal experiments have shown upregulation of PARs tryptase betanerve growth factor inducible nitric oxide synthase nuclear transcription factorkappab cfos phosphodiesterase c cyclic adenosine monophosphate campdependent protein kinase and proenkephalin b T3 the noxious CS- has abated downregulation of genes appears to follow distention of the bladder results in the release of adenosine triphosphate atp from urothelial cells which activates purinergic px receptors activation by atp of pxexpressing afferents is a fundamental signaling factor in bladder sensation and appears to play a role in bladder reflexes fos proteins present in spinal cord SN have been shown to be upregulated in animals that have undergone cyclophosphamideinduced chemical cystitis these and other findings suggest that neural upregulation occurs both peripherally and centrally in subjects with chronic cystitis it is unclear whether neural mechanisms and inflammation are the cause of ic or the result of other initiating events neural upregulation is known to play a role in the chronicity of pain urgency and frequency and represents an exciting area of research that may lead to additional treatments and a better understanding of ic | MEDAL |
mccunealbright syndrome mas is characterized by a triad of polymonoostotic fibrous dysplasia caféaulait macules and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies association of mas with gh excess is rare and in most of the instances somatotropinoma has not been documented treatment of patients of mas with acromegaly is difficult because of thickened calvarium and dysplastic skull bone we report a yearold girl who presented with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia caféaulait macules and also had acromegaly due to pituitary macroadenoma and treated with GK RS | MEDAL |
thymic dendritic cells tdcs are a type of dendritic cell dc in the thymus which can enhance the proliferation of thymic t lymphocytes regulate negative selection and induce CE tolerance through autoantigen presentation however further investigations using tdcs has been restricted due to insufficient numbers therefore an ERP expansion method for tdcs in vitro is urgently required to further examine their biological characteristics in the present study a novel system was established using fetal thymus organ SC ftoc and a hanging drop culture system in the presence of fmsâlike IMT kinase ligand fltl termed the fltlftoc system tdcs were successfully generated and expanded from cd bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells conventional dcs cdcs cdcbâ dcs and plasmacytoid dcs pdcs cdcb dcs were found in the tdcs generated using the fltlftoc system these cells exhibited the specific morphological features of dcs which were confirmed using giemsa staining furthermore the cytokine and surface marker profiles were also analyzed higher expression C2 of interferonâα and interleukinâ were observed in the pdcs compared with the cdcs and higher expression C2 of tollâlike receptor tlr and tlr were found in the pdcs than in the cdcs in addition the fltlftocâderived tdcs also exhibited the ability to stimulate the allogenic t cell response in conclusion a novel in vitro SC system of thymic cdcs and pdcs using fltl was established and this may provide a methodological basis for understanding the properties of tdcs | MEDAL |
SH b and c virus hbv and hcv infections remain L1 public health problems in egypt and data are needed on risk AF for infection this T0 determined the prevalence of antihcv and hbv surface antigen seropositivity in damietta governorate egypt and evaluated potential risk AF for infection and the impact of hbv vaccination on seroprevalence a household crosssectional T0 was conducted of individuals about were vaccinated against hbv only were INF with hbv and with hcv both infections coexisted in people all unvaccinated the main risk AF for both hcv and hbv were exposure to dental procedures surgery stitches schistosomiasis treatment and contact with INF person hbv and hcv prevalences in damietta were lower than the national rate likely due to the routine compulsory hbv vaccination in those aged years there is a need investigated under MW heating and tube furnace heating respectively and reaction kinetics were analyzed in this paper the research indicated that competitive adsorption between toluene and chlorobenzene reduced their removal efficiencies by as compared to single component hot spot effect and nonthermal effect under microwave irradiation obviously enhanced conversion efficiencies of vocs especially the CB removal was increased by moreover reaction temperature and energy consumption were both reduced under microwave heating the dynamic calculations showed that MW heating decreased the activation energies by j mol and j mol for toluene and CB respectively as compared with tube furnace heating meanwhile MW heating enhanced the reaction rate constants of chlorobenzene and toluene to about times and times of that of tube furnace heating | MEDAL |
high expression of interluekin receptor accessory protein chain ilracp and activated il signaling were found in some tumor types ilracp is considered as the common accessory chain in the ilr family and it is essential for the initiation of il signaling of all the GBRs that encompass it thus the selection and characterization of human anti ilracp singlechain antibody fragments variable scfv is the first step toward the construction of new anticancer monoclonal antibodies designed for optimal cancer therapy here we found that ilracp expression was increased in both triplenegative breast CA tnbc cell line cells and tnbc patient cohort and correlated with shorter recurrencefree survival rfs in this T0 we employed a human scfvdisplaying phage library for the first establishment an antagonistic antiilracp human antibody scfv h scfv h was found a high affinity and specificity binder of ilracp by a series assays including ec | MEDAL |
the administration of calcitonin mrc units injected intraperitoneally daily for days caused hypocalcaemia hypophosphataemia and a decrease in the SS acid phosphatase level in AD indian palm squirrels funambulus pennanti hypocalcaemia and the decrease in the serum acid phosphatase level persisted up to days but the hypophosphataemic effect continued throughout the experiment the SS calcium level increased from day up to day and the serum acid phosphatase level reached the control level at days at the close of the experiment days both SS calcium and acid phosphatase C2 were again decreased calcitonininduced hypocalcaemia resulted in hypertrophy of calcitonin cells which were densely packed with sec LG up to day of the treatment thereafter they displayed both hypertrophy and hyperplasia till the end of the experiment some calcitonin cells showed degranulation after and days of treatment few leadhaematoxylinpositive calcitonin cells with collapsed CM and pyknotic nuclei were also seen in the lumina of the thyroid follicles toweards the close of the experiment parathyroid chief cells showed hypertrophy from to days of the treatment from day to the close of the experiment they released their secretory product T3 days of experimental treatment a growthpromoting effect of calcitonin was observed increase in body weight and femur weight | MEDAL |
epidemiological studies have shown that the F1 of mothers who experience diabetes mellitus during pregnancy are seven times more likely to develop health complications than the offspring of mothers who do not suffer from diabetes during pregnancy the present study was designed to investigate whether supplementation of streptozotocin stzinduced diabetic Pr mice with thymoquinone tq during pregnancy and lactation improves the risk of developing diabetic complications acquired by their offspring | MEDAL |
the usefulness of hysterosalpingography hsg as routine investigation in the fertility workup prior to laparoscopy and dye had been assessed in a randomized controlled trial recruiting subjects to the study was more difficult than anticipated the objective of this T0 was to explore possible reasons for nonparticipation in the trial | MEDAL |
mycobacterial infection leads to the OD of specific CMI responses that have been measured clinically by assessing delayedtype hypersensitivity with mantoux skin testing several characteristics of mantoux skin testing for tuberculosis infection can make the procedure inaccurate inconvenient and sometimes misleading it is also a poor predictor of immunity to tuberculosis in bacille calmettegúerin vaccinees yet decisions to revaccinate often are based on skin test responses T3 initial immunization ST with other mycobacterial antigens has similar limitations in vitro assessment of cellular immunity to mycobacteria offers multiple potential advantages over ST and has become technically feasible in recent years measurement of the effector functions that comprise cellmediated immunity eg cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity rather than cutaneous delayedtype hypersensitivity responses is more likely to reflect meaningfully specific mycobacterial immunity and therefore provide a means for determining mycobacterial immunity after immunization eliminating the R2 in placement and interpretation inherent in skin testing could provide a more SD foundation for comparative studies in populations and improve decision making for individuals finally in vitro testing permits the use of discrete mycobacterialic activity is not clear one possible mechanism of action might include the induction of apoptosis and especially fasmediated cell killing may play an important role in the beta of malignant cells we investigated fas receptor fasr expression and the consequences of fasr triggering in cml patients using twocolor FC we found a significantly higher number of fasrexpressing cd cells in the bone marrow bm of cml patients compared with normal subjects we have previously shown that Th1 induces fasr expression on cd cells in this T0 we investigated whether ifnalpha induces fasr expression on cml progenitor cells dosedependent induction of fasr expression was observed after ifnalpha stimulation of cd cells from cml bm in methylcellulose SC ifnalpha alone at a therapeutic concentration showed only marginal antiproliferative effects on both normal and cml bm progenitors in contrast a fasr agonist the anticd monoclonal antibody ch inhibited colony formation from normal progenitors and the inhibition was even stronger on cml progenitors when cml bm cells were cultured in the presence of ifnalpha fasrmediated inhibition of colony growth was potentiated in a dosedependent fashion consistent with ifnalpha induction of fasr expression this PET effect did not require the presence of accessory cells since similar results were obtained with purified cd cells in suspension cultures we demonstrated that suppression of cml hematopoiesis by ifnalpha and fasr agonist was exerted through fasrmediated induction of apoptosis our findings suggest that the fasrfasligand system might be involved in the immunologic regulation of cml progenitor growth and that its effect can be amplified by ifnalpha | MEDAL |
telomerase activation in differentiated cells is associated with cell immortalization PCD of telomerase expression in CA provides a potential biomarker to be evaluated in the diagnosis and prognosis of CA patients analysis of telomerase activity in biopsy specimens may serve as a useful marker for the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma this study was conducted to determine if telomerase could be detected in fine needle aspirates from patients with pancreatic carcinoma the TRAP trap CA was used to determine telomerase activity from pancreatic cancer cell lines paired T/N human pancreatic tissues and specimens obtained at the time of diagnostic fineneedle aspiration fna biopsies in this report we demonstrate that i telomerase activity is present in pathologically confirmed pancreatic cancer specimens but absent in matched adjacent areas of normal pancreatic tissues ii TA is present in fna samples obtained at the time of ctguided fna of pancreatic adenocarcinomas and iii this activity can be detected in material normally discarded during fna slide preparation activation of telomerase can be identified in fna specimens obtained at the time of routine cytologic diagnosis these findings may be useful for further diagnostic or therapeutic investigations of TA in PC | MEDAL |
LC represents the cutaneous infiltration of neoplastic WBCs or their precursors that results in clinically identifiable skin lesions for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome developing such a lesion may indicate impending leukemic transition these patients are also often immunocompromised putting them at risk for infection by opportunistic fungal pathogens such as fusarium we describe an yearold man with myelodysplastic syndrome who presented with a reddishpurple nodule with a surrounding erythematous plaque on his shin histopathologic examination revealed a dense diffuse infiltrate of C1 atypical cells in the Rt dermis with ulceration and necrosis immunohistochemical studies showed positive staining with cd cd and myeloperoxidase of constituent C1 cells concurrently there were branching and septate hyphae with occasional macroconidialike structures throughout the infiltrate cultures from this lesion grew fusarium and enterococcus supporting the diagnosis leukemia cutis with superinfection involving both fusarium and enterococcus to our knowledge this is a novel report of two separate infections occurring in a lesion of leukemia cutis this case shows that in patients with a hematologic malignancy and skin lesions a high index of suspicion for infection is necessary when reviewing both the clinical and histopathological data to avoid overlooking an important occult infectious agent | MEDAL |
the human igg repertoire contains endogenous antibodies against beta amyloid aβ that may be relevant to the pathogenesis and treatment of alzheimers disease there have been widely disparate estimates of the C2 of these antibodies in human plasma we identify AF that have contributed to these disparities and describe improved methods for measuring antiaβ antibodies in blood these methods include isolating immunoglobulin by thiophilic chromatography and using chaotropic salts to dislodge weakly bound antibodies without significantly reducing the binding of TPS antiaβ antibodies using these methods we show that human blood contains polyvalent EA that bind to aβ with relatively low avidity and specificity as well as igg antibodies that bind to linear and conformational epitopes on amyloid monomers and aggregates with moderate to high avidity | MEDAL |
an yearold female presented with a month PH of hyperkeratotic nodules on her left shin an initial clinical and histological diagnosis of multiple squamous cell carcinomas on the left shin was made review of the biopsy however showed hypertrophic LP with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia typical lichen planus was seen affecting the oral mucosa nails and skin elsewhere | MEDAL |
SF protein d spd plays important roles in innate immunity including the defense against bacteria fungi and respiratory viruses because spd specifically interacts with neutrophils that infiltrate the lung in response to acute inflammation and infection we examined the hypothesis that the neutrophilderived serine proteinases nsps PMNL PE proteinase and cathepsin g degrade spd all three human nsps specifically cleaved recombinant rat and natural human spd dodecamers in a time and dosedependent manner which was reciprocally dependent on calcium concentration the nsps generated similar relatively SD disulfide crosslinked immunoreactive fragments of approximately kda reduced and sequencing of a major catheptic fragment definitively localized the L1 sites of cleavage to a highly conserved subregion of the carbohydrate recognition domain cleavage markedly reduced the ability of spd to promote bacterial aggregation and to bind to yeast mannan in vitro incubation of spd with isolated murine neutrophils led to the generation of similar fragments and cleavage was inhibited with synthetic and natural serine proteinase inhibitors in addition neutrophils genetically deficient in neutrophil elastase andor cathepsin g were impaired in their ability to degrade spd using a mouse model of acute bacterial pneumonia we observed the accumulation of spd at sites of PMNL infiltration coinciding with the appearance of approximately kda spd fragments in BAL lavage fluids together our data suggest that neutrophilderived serine proteinases cleave spd at sites of inflammation with potential deleterious effects on its biological functions | MEDAL |
the positron emission tomography pet ho bolus injection model for CBF blood flow cbf requires calculation of a certain double integral that when calculated provides the pixel values of a reconstructed image pet number in terms of the tissue flow the arterial input function a decay constant for o the partition coefficient and a camera calibration constant that relates the flowdependent integrated tissue activity to the measured pet number ctspixel the tissue activity is assumed to be zero at the time of i.t. a mathematical simplification changing the order of integration enabled the integration with respect to time to be performed analytically before the integration of the arterial input function as a result of this simplification only single integrals remain to be calculated numerically cubic spline integration was used to calculate numerically these remaining integrals this technique increases the accuracy and speed of evaluating blood flow without making simplifying assumptions similar simplifications may be applicable to other physiological models | MEDAL |
our previous work on human EC cell ec glycosphingolipids gsls demonstrated that these cells contain a C1 diversity of gsls predominantly with lacto core structures in order to evaluate the role of gsls as ec antigens and receptors we investigated their cellsurface expression on confluent ec monolayers and ecs G1 by interferongamma Th1 and interleukin il ifngamma activation of endothelial cells resulted in a small NC in gsl composition but greatly increased surface expression of gangliosides and decreased surface expression of neutral gsls in particular surface expression of the major neutral gsl globoside decreased three to fourfold as measured both by Gal oxidase labeling and by binding of the antigloboside monoclonal antibody g ifngamma did not significantly alter the total cell content of Gb4 as measured by metabolic labeling but rather altered the ratio of accessible cell surface to intracellular globoside two mechanisms appear to contribute to the decreased cellsurface globoside expression Th1 treatment increased the relative proportion of intracellular Gb4 which is associated with the cell CSK Th1 treatment also caused more of the cellsurface globoside to be inaccessible to antibody and both neuraminidase and TR treatment of the cells increased Gb4 accessibility il treatment increased total cell gsl content but did not alter gsl composition or cellsurface binding by six anticarbohydrate antibodies the TPS modulation of cellsurface gsls by Th1 suggests that gsls may play a role in the altered adhesive and receptor activities of ifngammaactivated ecs | MEDAL |
disparities in survival after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation have been reported for some race and ethnic CG despite comparable hla matching individuals ethnic and race groups as reported through selfidentification can NC over time because of multiple sociological factors we studied the effect of measures of genetic similarity in recipients who underwent myeloablative first allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation between and and their unrelated of hlaa b c drb anddqb matched donors the studied AF were as follows donor and recipient genetic ancestral admixture and pairwise donorrecipient genetic distance increased african genetic admixture for either transplant recipients or donors was associated with increased risk of overall mortality hazard ratio hr p and hr p respectively and transplantrelated mortality hr p and hr p respectively and decreased diseasefree survival hr p and hr p respectively the observed effect albeit statistically significant was relevant to a small subset of the studied population and was notably correlated with selfreported africanamerican race we were not able to control for other nongenetic factors such as access to health care or other socioeconomic factors however the results suggest the influence of a genetic driver our findings confirm what has been previously reported for africanamerican recipients and show similar results for donors no significant association was found with donorrecipient genetic distance | MEDAL |
the effectiveness of radiation treatment in eliminating salmonella typhimurium and LM on laboratory inoculated readytoeat sprouts was studied decimal reduction doses dvalues for salmonella typhimurium and l monocytogenes in dry seeds of mung green gram matki dew gram chana chick pea and vatana garden pea ranged from to kgy and to kgy respectively in sprouts made from these seeds the dvalues ranged from to kgy for salmonella typhimurium and from to kgy for l monocytogenes RT with a kgy dose resulted in CR beta of cfug of salmonella typhimurium and cfug of l monocytogenes from all the four varieties of sprouts no REC of salmonella typhimurium and l monocytogenes was observed in the radiation treated samples stored at and degrees c up to days radiation treatment with kgy and kgy resulted in a reduction of aerobic SP counts and coliform counts by and log cfug respectively the yeast and mold counts and staphylococci counts decreased by and log cfug respectively however during postirradiation storage at and degrees c aerobic plate counts coliform counts yeast and mold counts and staphylococci counts remained constant throughout the incubation period this study demonstrates that a kgy dose of irradiation could be an ERP method of processing to ensure microbial safety of sprouts | MEDAL |
the ea gene of adenovirus type ad induces morphological transformation and anchorageindependent growth in cloned rat embryo FB cref cells in contrast cref cells transfected with a beta protein kinase c pkc gene and expressing lowlevels of beta pkc display a creflike morphology and do not form colonies when grown in agar the combination of ad ea and lowlevel beta pkc expression in the same cref cell L1 results in an enhanced ability to grow when suspended in agar in ad ea and ad ea lowlevel beta pkc expressing cref clones the tumor promoting agent tetradecanoylphorbolacetate tpa further enhances anchorageindependence in contrast tpa does not induce cref cells or transfected cref cells expressing lowlevels of beta pkc to grow in agar lowlevel beta pkc expression in transfected cref cells is associated with a modest to fold increase in IB of PDBu pdbu and only a fold increase in pkc enzymatic activity in contrast specific beta pkcretroviral vector transformed cref clones crefrvpkc display higher levels of pkc mrna pdbu binding and pkc enzymatic activity a majority of crefrvpkc clones exhibit a transformed morphology and grow more rapidly in monolayer SC form macroscopic colonies in agar in the absence of tpa and in many independent clones tpa further enhances AI growth this effect is not directly related to the level of enhanced hpdbu binding the present study indicates that the effect of beta pkc on cellular phenotype in immortal rat embryo cells is complex and is affected by its mode of IS into cref cells ie transfection versus retroviral insertion in addition the combination of a transfected ad ea and a beta pkc gene in the same cref clone results in an enhanced expression of the transformed phenotype in both the absence and presence of tpa | MEDAL |
a patient with propranololinduced mental status changes was studied during and after the period of propranolol intoxication while intoxicated he manifested the syndrome of nonaphasic misnaming did poorly on the nonverbal portions of the wais and exhibited perseveration and annihilation of repetitive firing to a steady state corresponds to a solution trajectory perturbed off a SD limit cycle and into the domain of attraction of a coexistent stable singular point experimentally and theoretically the nerve exhibits hysteresis with two different stable modes of operation for a just suprathreshold range of bias current the oscillatory repetitive firing state and the timeindependent Css analogy is made to a brief synaptic input excitatory or inhibitory which may start or stop a biological pacemaker | MEDAL |
glutathione transferases gsts play a CE role in the cellular defense against harmful endogenous compounds and xenobiotics in mouse and man the gastrointestinal channel is constantly exposed to bacteria LPS and xenobiotics in the present study the CSD of alpha mu and pi class gsts was examined immunohistologically in the colon of conventional and GF gf mice subjected to exp colitis the tissues samples were from conventional mice with and without colitis induced by DS sodium dss gf mice treated with dss or carrageenan and gf mice inoculated with normal mouse bacterial flora as well as with LGG in conventional as well as in gf mice the mu and pi class gsts showed reduced intestinal expression when colitis was induced in conrast the level of gsts reacting with antibodies directed against the alpha class in particular mgst a was elevated after induction of inflammation of special interest is mgst a because of its high catalytic activity with toxic products of lipid peroxidation in the colon of conventionalized gf mice that were given mouse intestinal flora the mgst a expression was increased with time for several weeks but then showed a decrease to a normal level additionally the inoculation of gf mice with lactobacillus gg induced all the intestinal gsts studied | MEDAL |
ten hospitalized depressive female patients above the age of have been treated in a week open trial with CIT a TPS htuptake inhibitor six full and two PR demonstrate a REC rate within the well known range for tricyclic antidepressant drugs early onset of clinical effect and minimal side effects indicate that CIT is possible a new effective antidepressant | MEDAL |
lower limb amputation has been associated with secondary impairments such as knee OA in the uninvolved limb greater knee loading in the frontal plane has been related to severity and rate of progression in knee osteoarthritis reduced pushoff work from the involved limb can increase uninvolved limb knee loading however little is known about TPS effects that prosthetic foot damping may have on uninvolved limb loading we hypothesized that uninvolved limb peak knee internal abduction moment iam and loading rates would be greater when using a highdamping foot compared with a lowdamping foot across walking speeds eight healthy young subjects walked in a prosthesis simulator boot using the experimental feet greater uninvolved limb first peak iam in fast speed p in slow speed p and loading rates in fast speed p were observed when using the highdamping foot compared with lowdamping foot within each foot uninvolved limb first peak iam and loading rates had a trend to increase with increased walking speed these findings suggest that damping properties of prosthetic feet are related to uninvolved limb peak knee iam and loading rates | MEDAL |
nineteen different antisera raised against rat hormones were used to identify the occurrence and distribution of endocrine cells in the gut of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idellus positive reactions were obtained in gut epithelium with antisera gastrin glucagon GIP leucine enkephalin substance p and BPP no immunoreactive product was formed using antisera against somatostatin hydroxytryptamine insulin APP motilin cholecystokinin sec neurotensin VIP bosion year later the second developed a myelodysplastic syndrome and a similar rash with histological features of papular cutaneous sarcoidosis but no systemic abnormalities apart from mild hypergammaglobulinaemia cutaneous anergy to multiple recall antigens and activation of circulating monocytes he has remained well but his rash and myelodysplastic syndrome have persisted these cases are interesting because of the striking similarity of their granulomatous eruptions and their associated haematological CA patients with such disseminated granulomatous cutaneous infiltrations should be investigated to exclude associated haematological CA if there is any abnormality of their peripheral blood picture | MEDAL |
the purpose of this investigation was to determine the association of VO2max hemodynamic responses with risk of mortality due to allcauses cardiovascular disease cvd and coronary HR disease chd in a population of apparently healthy indivientire d unbiased stereological techniques were used to obtain estimates of the number of synapses per purkinje cell within the cerebellar paramedian lobule results showed the ac animals to have significantly more synapses per purkinje cell than the mc animals in all three training conditions there were no differences in the number of synapses per purkinje cell among the early delay and continuous conditions these data demonstrate that both the motor skills and the increases in synapse number presumed to support them persist in the absence of continued training | MEDAL |
ROP of five AHL catalyzed by CALB in ionic liquids yielded polyhydroxyalkanoates of moderate molecular weights up to mn in the IL butylmethylimidazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and with a low weight ratio of enzyme to lactone we obtained polymers from betapropiolactone deltavalerolactone and CL with degrees of polymerization as high as and respectively oligomers from betabutyrolactone and gammabutyrolactone with degrees of polymerization of and a copolymer of betapropiolactone and betabutyrolactone with a degree of polymerization of waterimmiscible ionic liquids were superior to watermiscible ionic liquids reducing the water content of the enzyme improved the degree of polymerization by as much as for betapropiolactone and epsiloncaprolactone | MEDAL |
a Kv chloride channel was identified in the electric organ of the marine ray torpedo californica by WG and miller j biol chem the experiments reported here concern the purification and ID of this channel which was accomplished by solubilization of EO PMs and reconstitution of the channel into vesicles made of phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylserine and cholesterol channel activity was measured in these LDV by assaying cl uptake against an outwardly directed chloride chemical gradient as described by garty et al j biol chem maximal uptake occurred by s addition of valinomycin after min released intravesicular cl suggesting that chloride is moving through a channel channel activity was inhibited by dids k of mm and nbd chloride k of mm in a lipid protein ww reconstitution approx of the vesicles contained a functional chloride channel based upon uptake done in the presence of chlorotriphenyltin an anion ionophore indicating that the torpedo electric organ is an enriched source as shown by WG and miller biophys j the chloride channel was purified approx fold by sedimentation velocity in this purified preparation four polypeptides and kda were visible by silverstaining T3 nonreducing sdspage of the four polypeptides the largest kda is not sufficient for cl channel activity by itself but it is labeled by dids an inhibitor of channel activity channel activity was approx fold greater in material that bound to concanavalin a compared to the concanavalin a flowthrough all four polypeptides were present in the bound materia it is possible that some of these polypeptides are subunits of the chloride channel | MEDAL |
male spraguedawley rats were partially hemitransected at the mesodiencephalic junction and treated with nicotine NIC hydrogen tartrate using alzet minipumps implanted subcutaneously NIC was delivered for weeks in a dose of mgkgh resulting in a serum NIC level of ngml three other groups of rats were analyzed hemitransected rats receiving saline treatment and shamoperated animals receiving nicotine and saline respectively the effects of hemitransection and NIC rostrally as well as caudally to the lesion were evaluated with image analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase thimmunoreactive ir nerve cell body and dendrite profiles in the rostral and caudal substantia nigra and of thir nerve terminal profiles in the striatum adjacent sections were taken to nissl IF hnicotine IB in the midbrain and forebrain was studied by means of receptor autoradiography on partially hemitransected rats receiving no treatment catecholamine ca levels in the frontal SC were measured using highperformance liquid chromatography hplc striatal dopamine da function was analyzed studying apomorphineinduced mgkg ipsilateral rotational behavior the spontaneous SMB of the rats was evaluated with a hole board furthermore body temperature and body weight were measured the results demonstrated a lesioninduced disappearance of thir cell body and dendrite profiles in the substantia nigra and of thir nerve terminal profiles in the striatum similar findings were seen T3 nissl IF a significant counteraction of this disappearance was found in the nicotinetreated animals on the lesioned animals a marked reduction of hnicotine IB in the striatum and the substantia nigra was found in the functional experiments an enhancement of the apomorphineinduced ipsilateral rotational behavior was demonstrated the degree of rotation was positively correlated with the serum nicotine level the T0 on SA in the hole board showed a slower restoration of total activity in the hemitransected nicotinetreated rats all these results are compatible with the hypothesis that the protective action of NIC on the mesostriatal da system may be due to a desensitization of excitatory NIC cholinoceptors located on the nigral da nerve cells leading to a reduction of FR and reduced SE demands such an action of nicotine could be of importance for a possible antiparkinsonian effect | MEDAL |
IC microdialysis was utilised to obtain information regarding how morphine is transported across the bloodbrain barrier bbb in a patient with a severe BB injury we measured simultaneously unbound ECF ecf concentrations of morphine in human BB and in subcutaneous fat tissue which were compared to morphine C2 in arterial blood this report shows an increase in morphine levels near the trauma site in the brain compared to uninjured BB tissue the halflife of morphine in uninjured and injured brain tissue of min and min respectively were comparable but were longer than in blood min and adnt to maintain anaerobic conditions in the culture media organisms that were unable to utilize sulfite as a source for cellular sulfur were supplemented with hydrogen sulfide HS was simply added to the headspace of serum bottles by a syringe the use of hs as a source for sulfur minimized the precipitation of cations by sulfide representatives of genera of anaerobic archaea studied here were able to grow in media prepared by this procedure for the extremely oxygensensitive organism methanococcus thermolithotrophicus we show that plates could be prepared outside an anaerobic chamber when sulfite was used as reducing agent the application of this method may faciliate the cultivation and handling of extreme anaerobic archaea considerably | MEDAL |
CR1 related geneprotein y crry and decayaccelerating factor daf are two murine membrane c complement regulators with overlapping functions crry deletion is embryonically lethal whereas dafdeficient mice are generally healthy crrydaf mice were viable on a c BG but platelets from such mice were rapidly destroyed when transfused into csufficient mice in this study we used the crelox system to delete PLT crry in daf mice and studied crrydafdeficient PLT development in vivo rather than displaying TP pfcrecrryfloxflox mice had normal PLT counts and their IP platelets were resistant to complement attack however chimera mice generated with pfcrecrryfloxflox bone marrows showed platelets from c but not c recipients to be sensitive to complement activation suggesting that circulating platelets in pfcrecrryfloxflox mice were naturally selected in a complementsufficient environment notably pfcrecrryfloxflox mouse platelets became complement susceptible when FH function was blocked examination of pfcrecrryfloxflox mouse bone marrows revealed exceedingly active thrombopoiesis thus under in vivo conditions crrydaf deficiency on platelets led to abnormal PLT turnover but IP PLT count was compensated for by increased thrombopoiesis selective survival of crrydafdeficient platelets aided by FH protection and compensatory thrombopoiesis demonstrates the cooperation between membrane and fluid phase complement inhibitors and the bodys ability to adaptively respond to complement regulator deficiencies | MEDAL |
a case of coronarypulmonary i.a. CCF was presented with the review of the literature a yearold man was admitted to our department with an ICM NC in leads iii a vf on ecg although he had no complaint the exercise ecg showed significant depression of st segment in leads ii iii v v coronary angiography revealed fistulae from left anterior descending branch to MPA and also from right PD to MPA no coronary organic narrowing were found ligation of the CCF was performed and postoperative course was uneventful | MEDAL |
devics neuromyelitis optica nmo is a severe neurological disease characterized by optic neuritis and transverse myelitis which is commonly misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis ms this rare syndrome has a poor prognosis and there are very few cases described during pregnancy | MEDAL |
equatorial organization of S1 ii and actin has been recognized as a universal event in cytokinesis of animal cells current models for the formation of equatorial SC favor either directional cortical transport toward the equator or localized de novo assembly however this process has never been analyzed directly in dividing rat cells at a high resolution here we applied TIR fluorescence TSM tirfm coupled with spatial temporal image correlation spectroscopy stics and a new analytical RPA termed temporal differential microscopy tdm to image the dynamics of myosin ii and actin during the assembly of equatorial SC our results indicated distinct and at least partially independent mechanisms for the early equatorial recruitment of S1 and AFs cortical S1 showed no detectable directional flow during early cytokinesis in addition to equatorial assembly we showed that localized inhibition of disassembly contributed to the formation of the equatorial S1 band in contrast to myosin AFs underwent a striking flux toward the equator myosin MA was required for the actin flux but not for actin concentration in the furrow suggesting that there was a fluxindependent de novo mechanism for actin recruitment along the equator our results indicate that cytokinesis involves signals that regulate both assembly and disassembly MICs and argue against mechanisms that are coupled to global cortical movements | MEDAL |
ME cells are an important component of salivary gland tumors and are partly responsible from the diverse histology of them in this T0 we focus on the myoepithelial cell differentiation by using cytological morphology in a various types of SSG tumors especially with regard to their contribution to the diagnosis the relation of ME cells with stromal matrix and the associated epithelial cells were evaluated cytologic slides of one hundred and forty one benign and twenty malignant salivary gland tumors were examined for ID of morphologically different myoepithelial cells such as spindlestellate polygonalepitheloid plasmacytoid basal and clear types the best examples of ME cells were detected in pleomorphic adenomas in some monomorphic adenomas and in the adenoid cystic carcinoma cases most of the pleomorphic adenomas were composed more than one type of myoepithelial cells and epitheloidspindle cell combination was frequent basal and clear cell types of myoepithelial cells closely resembled the epithelial cells and their identification was relatively difficult ID of ME cell types was easier when they were associated with stromal matrix material and stood as a AA layer around tubuleforming epithelial cells myoepithelial cell components of various SSG tumors may be quite different and identification of ME cell types may pose difficulties a confident cytologic identification of ME cells may be critical part of diagnosing SSG tumors | MEDAL |
the manglcspecific seed lectin from dioclea grandiflora dgl is a member of the diocleinae subtribe that includes the jack bean lectin concanavalin a cona both dgl and cona bind with high affinity to the core trimannoside moiety dioalphadmannopyranosylalphadmannopyranoside which is present in asparaginelinked carbohydrates recent hemagglutination inhibition studies suggest that dgl and cona recognize similar epitopes of the trisaccharide but possess different binding specificities for complex carbohydrates gupta d oscarson s raju t s stanley p toone e j and brewer c f eur j biochem in the present T0 we have used isothermal titration microcalorimetry to determine the thermodynamics of binding of dgl to a complete set of monodeoxy analogs of the core trimannoside as well as a tetradeoxy analog the thermodynamic data indicate that dgl recognizes the and hydroxyl groups of the alpha man residue the and hydroxyl group of the alpha man residue and the and hydroxyl CG of the CE man residue of the trimannoside the thermodynamic data for the tetradeoxy analog lacking the and hydroxyl group of the alpha man residue and the and hydroxyl CG of the central man residue of the trimannoside are consistent with the involvement of these hydroxyl CG in IB while the overall DP of data for dgl IB to the deoxy analogs is similar to that for cona gupta d dam t k oscarson s and brewer c f j biol chem differences exist in the data for certain monodeoxy analogs binding to the two lectins differences are also observed in the thermodynamics of IB of dgl and cona to a biantennary complex carbohydrate in the following paper rozwarski d a swami b m brewer c f and sacchettini j c j biol chem the xray crystal structure of dgl complexed to the core trimannoside is presented and a comparison is made of the thermodynamic binding data for dgl and cona as well as the structures of their respective trimannoside complexes | MEDAL |
status epilepticus se of limbic ON might cause degenerative phenomena in different brain structures and may be associated with chronic cognitive and eeg effects in the present study se was evoked focally by microinfusing picomolar doses of cyclothiazidebicuculline into the anterior extent of the piriform SC apc in rats the socalled area tempestas an RPA which allows to evaluate selectively the effects of seizure spreading through the NK anatomical circuitries up to secondary generalization in the BB of rats submitted to se we analyzed neuronal density occurrence of degenerative phenomena by fluorojade bfjb IF and expression of heat shock protein hsp in the piriform cortex the hippocampus and ventromedial TH we further analyzed in detail the loss of ACh neurons and the presence of fjb and hsp positive neurons in basal forebrain cholinergic Az ie the MS nucleus msn ch the diagonal band of broca dbb ch and ch and the nucleus basalis of meynert nbm ch in fact these nuclei are strictly connected with limbic structures and play a key pivotal role in different cognitive functions and vigilance although recent studies begun to investigate these nuclei in experimental epilepsy and in persons with epilepsy conflicting results were obtained so far we showed that T3 severe and longlasting focally induced limbic se there is a significant cell loss within all of the abovementioned cholinergic nuclei ipsi and contralaterally to the infusion site in parallel these nuclei show also fjb and heat shock protein expression those effects vary depending on the single nucleus assessed and on the severity of the se seizure score we also showed the occurrence of cell loss and degenerative phenomena in limbic cortex hippocampus and limbic thalamic Az these novel findings show direct evidence of seinduced neuronal damage which is solely due to seizure activity ruling out potential confounding effects produced by SVR proconvulsant neurotoxins a damage to BF ACh nuclei which may underlie cognitive alterations is documented for the first time in a MM of se triggered focally | MEDAL |
as a step towards understanding the mechanism of the biological activity of cyclic antimicrobial peptides the biophysical properties and conformations of four membraneactive cyclic peptide antibiotics based on gramicidin s gs were examined in aqueous environments these cyclic MMP gs cyclovkldyp gs cyclovklkdypkvkldyp gs cyclovklkvdyplkvkldyp and dlysgs cyclovkldkvdyplkvkldyp damino acid residues are denoted by d and are underlined had different ring sizes of and residues were different in structure and amphipathicity and covered a broad spectrum of hemolytic and antimicrobial activities gs gs and dlysgs were shown to be monomeric in buffer systems with ionic strength biological environments gs was also monomeric at low concentrations but aggregated at concentrations microm the affinity of MMP for selfassembly and interaction with hydrophobic surfaces was related to their free energy of intermolecular interaction the effects of variations in salt and organic solvent trifluoroethanol concentration and temperature on peptide conformation were also examined similar to gs gs proved to have a SD and rather rigid conformation in different environments and over a broad range of temperatures whereas gs gs and dlysgs had more flexible conformations despite its conformational similarity to gs gs had unique physicochemical properties due to its tendency to aggregate at relatively low concentrations the biophysical data explain the direct relation between structure amphipathicity and hydrophobicity of the cyclic MMP and their hemolytic activity however this relation with the antimicrobial activity of the MMP is of a more complex nature due to the diversity in membrane structures of microorganisms | MEDAL |
mycotoxins are produced by different genera of fungi mainly aspergillus penicillium and fusarium the natural cooccurrence of beauvericin bea patulin pat and sterigmatocystin ste has been proved in feed and food commodities this T0 investigates the cytotoxicity of individual and combined mycotoxins bea pat and ste the cytotoxicity on immortalized ovarian cells chok was evaluated using the mtt CA T3 and h the ic values were μm for pat and ranged from to μm and from to μm for bea and ste respectively cytotoxic interactions were assayed by the isobologram method which provides a combination index ci value as a quantitative measure of the three mycotoxin interactions degree binary and tertiary combinations showed a dose dependent effect at low fraction affected mycotoxin combinations were synergetic whereas at higher fraction affected the combinations showed additive effect our results indicate that the cooccurrence of low concentrations of mycotoxin in food may increase their toxic effects | MEDAL |
we compared the prophylactic antiemetic efficacy of midazolam and ondansetron in patients scheduled for minor gynaecological hysteroscopy or urological ureteroscopy procedures planned to last h under sevoflurane anaesthesia with SV of the lungs via a LMA midazolam mg or ondansetron mg were i.v. min before the end of surgery the proportions of patients who experienced postoperative nausea and vomiting in the first h and for the midazolam and OND CG respectively were similar in the two groups the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly smaller in both CG than predicted according to the patients underlying risks midazolam group p ondansetron group p there were no significant differences in average sedation scores or pain scores treatment using ondantreated than control rats inhibition of cyclooxygenase with microm indomethacin inhibited thc responses in arteries from lnametreated rats but not from control rats in conscious chronically instrumented rats mg kg iv thc caused a pressor effect with vasoconstriction of the renal and mesenteric V1 beds and hindquarters vasodilatation pretreatment with mg kg iv am reduced the pressor and vasoconstrictor effects of thc abolished the hindquarters vasodilatation and revealed a bradycardic response lnametreated rats showed similar pressor and vasoconstrictor responses to thc but with bradycardia and reduced hindquarter vasodilatation these data show that in vitro isolated arteries of lnametreated rats show enhanced vasorelaxant responses to thc through an increased sensory nerve component and stimulation of prostanoids however in vivo thc causes a B6 receptormediated pressor effect with hindquarters vasodilatation there was no evidence of enhanced vasodilator effects of thc in lnametreated animals in vivo | MEDAL |
antibodydependent cellular cytotoxicity adcc has recently been identified as one of the critical mechanisms underlying the clinical tau of therapeutic antibodies especially anticancer antibodies therapeutic antibodies fully lacking the core fucose of the fc oligosaccharides have been found to exhibit much higher adcc in humans than their fucosylated counterparts however data which show how fully nonfucosylated antibodies achieve such a high adcc in human whole blood have not yet been disclosed the precise mechanisms responsible for the high adcc mediated by fully nonfucosylated therapeutic antibodies even in the presence of human plasma should be explained based on direct evidence of nonfucosylated antibody action in human blood | MEDAL |
small for gestational age sga children are more prone to have PP and exaggerated precocious adrenarche an earlier ON of pubertal OD and menarche and faster progression of puberty than children born of AGA for gestational age aga size the majority of studies investigating the onset of puberty in children born sga and aga established that although puberty begins at an appropriate time based on chronological age and actual height in sga children ON is earlier relative to aga children evaluating pubertal growth in sga children a more modest bone age delay from CA at the ON of puberty and more rapid bone maturation during puberty compared to aga children were reported peak height velocity in adolescence is reached at an earlier pubertal stage and lasts for a shorter period in children born sga than in those born aga these differences lead to an earlier F0 of the growth plates and a shorter AH the pathophysiological mechanism underlying the unique pubertal growth pattern of children born sga remains unclear however it seems that this is not only related to birth weight gestational age adiposity or obesity but that there may also be an influence of rapid weight gain in early childhood on pubertal ON excess WG in childhood may be related to CE adiposity decreased insulin sensitivity and increased igfi levels and might thus predispose to precocious pubarche | MEDAL |
bacterial biofilms which are responsible for a number of diseases are very difficult to control effectively because of their high resistance to antibiotics and the host defence system the use of natural products decreasing or preventing initial adhesion of bacteria and biofilm formation is one of the alternative therapeutic strategies taken into consideration we ask the question whether a crude extract from the cell wall of saccharomyces cerevisiae mannoprotein which possesses surfactant activity may be used as inhibitor of staphylococcus aureus and s epidermidis biofilm development by using the bactericidal spot CA it was demonstrated that MP had no direct antibiotic activity against the tested strains the influence of this extract on initial adhesion biofilm formation and dispersal of preformed biofilms was studied using the dimethylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium bromide mtt reduction assay in this assay live bacteria with an AS electron transport system reduce the tetrazolium salt to a watersoluble purple formazan product and optical density reading a values are directly dependent on their cell numbers yeastderived SF when adsorbed in the microplate wells or present in the medium was effective both in decreasing the initial deposition of staphylococci and in reducing the amount of growing biofilm quantitated after h of coincubation with the bacteria it also changed the parameters of biofilm morphology analyzed by phlip the confocal laser scanning microscopy image quantification package mannoprotein also accelerated the detachment of mature staphylococcal biofilms preformed in optimal conditions it was concluded that mannoprotein antibiofilm action reflects its influence on CSH | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to investigate whether artificial neural networks ann are able to decode participants conscious experience perception from brain activity CT using complex and ecological stimuli to reach the aim we conducted patternthe microspheres were implanted into mm thick holes drilled into the femur of the animals applying a BL comparison study design test CG with animals each the control implant on one of the two hind legs contained microspheres with only βtcp while the test implant on the corresponding leg consisted either of microspheres containing βtcp and Si or a mixture of microspheres supplemented with βtcp and silica and βtcp and silicatein the results revealed that tissuebone sections of silica containing implants and implants composed of a mixture of silicacontaining microspheres and silicateincontaining microspheres show an enhanced regeneration of bone tissue around the microspheres compared to the control implants containing only βtcp the formation of new bone induced by the microspheres is also evident from measurements of the stiffnessreduced youngs modulus of the regenerated bone tissue the reduced youngs modulus of the regenerating bone tissue around the implants was markedly higher for the silicacontaining microspheres mpa and even more for the mixture of the Si and silicateincontaining microspheres mpa compared to the βtcp microsphere controls mpa we propose that based on their morphogenetic activity on boneforming cells in vitro and the results of the animal experiments presented here silicabiosilicabased scaffolds are promising materials for bone repairregeneration | MEDAL |
sadenosylmethionine adomet is synthesized by Met adenosyltransferase mat and plays an essential role in DDE biosynthesis and other methylation reactions despite increasing knowledge of mat regulation at transcriptional C2 how mat is posttranslationally regulated remains unknown in plant cells phosphorylation is an important PTM for regulating the activity of enzymes protein function and signaling transduction using molecular and PSA approaches we have identified the phosphorylation of mat proteins by calciumdependent protein kinase cpk phenotypically both matoverexpressing transgenic plants and cpk mutants display short hypocotyls and ectopic lignifications their shortened hypocotyl phenotypes are caused by DDE overproduction and rescued by DDE biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine treatment genetic evidence reveals that mat mutation restores the phenotype of ectopic lignification in cpkdeficient plants we find that total mat proteins and adomet are increased in cpk mutants but decreased in cpkoverexpressing seedlings we also find that mats in oecpk are degraded through the s proteasome pathway our work suggests that cpk targets mats mat mat and mat for Kd by the s proteasome pathway and thus affects DDE biosynthesis and lignin deposition in arabidopsis | MEDAL |
the pial sheath of the anterior spinal artery displays a system of ligaments that course along the VP surfaces of the anterior spinal artery and its medullary feeder arteries on the lower half of the spinal cord frequently discrete ligamentous straps extend from these anterior spinal artery ligaments to the sheath of an anterior spinal nerve root to reinforce the GA cauda equina pial connections to this system microscopy of ligament sections revealed that numerous golgitype neurofascicular receptors were oriented longitudinally among the AL fascicles and associated with wellmyelinated nerves as this type of mechanoreceptor has been known only in association with SR mediation in the musculoskeletal system it appeared likely that these anterior spinal artery ligaments and their rat type of receptors may be implicated in sensing distraction of the thoracolumbar spinal cord and protectively modifying the actions of the involved spinal musculature | MEDAL |
a semicontinuous waterquality monitoring system was installed in yunlin offshore industrial park yoip the largest industrial park in taiwan in to provide realtime waterquality information such as ph water depth dissolved oxygen temperature turbidity conductivity and chlorophyll to interpret the C1 quantities of highfrequency data generated by this system information theory was applied for data analysis and extraction of useful information for further coastal waterquality management information theory is a branch of applied mathematics that involves the quantification of information SE is a key measure of information that was calculated in this T0 to reveal the inherent uncertainty of waterquality information the applicability of shannon entropy for signaling possible coastal pollution events in the yoip was explored and results showed that it provides new insight into the inherent uncertainty or randomness of the original data specially when shannon entropy was high multiple instable readings were observed for turbidity and salinity this indicates that shannon entropy may be a useful new tool for EDA it can be used as a supplementary indicator along with the original environmental data to signify some episodes of waterquality degradation | MEDAL |
although negative interparental conflict predicts elevated externalizing problems for children there are individual differences in this association theoretically childrens abilities to coordinate physiological stress across response systems moderate the effects of interparental conflict on developmental outcomes past crosssectional research has demonstrated that poor coordination of sympathetic sns and parasympathetic pns nervous systems puts children at a greater risk for externalizing behaviors in the context of interparental conflict our goal was to examine whether this same pattern is evident in adolescents and provide the first longitudinal test of this theoretical pathway participants were families with adolescents years from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds parents reported conflict were observed during a conflict discussion and reported adolescent externalizing behaviors parents again reported externalizing behaviors year later adolescents experienced a stressor while skin conductance level scl sns and RSA rsa pns were measured similar to past research with children there were way interactions between negative interparental conflict scl CR and rsa CR in relation to adolescent externalizing behaviors concurrently and prospectively the overall pattern suggested that adolescents who displayed poorly coordinated responding displayed a positive association between interparental conflict and externalizing behaviors whereas adolescents who showed wellcoordinated responding displayed a nonsignificant or negative association coinhibition of the sns and pns may put adolescents particularly at risk for prospective externalizing behaviors ANS coordinationparticularly activation of the sns and inhibition of the pns during stressmay protect adolescents from experiencing adjustment problems in the context of interparental conflict psycinfo DB record | MEDAL |
annual figures from nhs digital published in early july show that there were newly recorded cases of female genital mutilation fgm in england in | MEDAL |
encephalopathy in DHF is a very rare condition and usually occurrs in the febrile stage we report a yearold woman who presented with acute fever thrombocytopenia and positive igm antibodies for dengue virus on the fourth hospital day the fever subsided and she developed a confusional stage ct scan and mri of the BB were within normal limits EEG eeg revealed generalized theta waves cerebrospinal fluid was normal she was treated with supportive treatment five days later she was fully recovered without any neurological deficits this is a first case of HIVE in dengue hemorrhagic fever that developed after the fever subsided | MEDAL |
seventeen patients with primary openangle glaucoma underwent laser trabeculoplasty measurement of fluorescein leakage into the AC showed significant differences between surgically treated eyes and control eyes not surgically treated one day postoperatively and one week postoperatively the increase in fluorescein leakage probably represents a disruption of the bloodaqueous barrier in contrast there were no differences between the eyes preoperatively or one month postoperatively hence the longterm pressurelowering effects of laser trabeculoplasty do not seem to be related to any permanent NC in the bloodaqueous barrier | MEDAL |
the TPS activity of disaturated phosphatidylcholine in microsomes and lamellar bodies prepared from hamster lung tissue and in SF obtained by lung lavage was determined at various times following the intraperitoneal administration of mehcholine the highest specific activity of disaturated phosphatidylcholine in the lung microsomes was attained h after the administration of hcholine thereafter the specific activity declined the specific activity of DSPC in lamellar bodies increased steadily for h T3 hcholine administration the TPS activity in lamellar bodies ater h exceeded the maximum TPS activity achieved in the microsomal fraction p less than the specific activity of the disaturated phosphatidylcholine in the AM lavage increased T3 an initial lag period of approximately h attaining the same specific activity as that of the lamellar HB at the h time point the reported results are discussed in relation to the biosynthesis storage and secretion of the disaturated phosphatidylcholine associated with the lipoprotein surfactant | MEDAL |
experiments that T0 neural encoding of stimuli at the level of individual SN typically choose a small set of features present in the worldcontrast and luminance for vision pitch and intensity for soundand assemble a stimulus set that systematically varies along these dimensions subsequent analysis of neural responses to these stimuli typically focuses on regression models with experimentercontrolled features as predictors and spike counts or firing rates as responses unfortunately this approach requires knowledge in advance about the relevant features coded by a given population of SN for domains as complex as social interaction or natural movement however the relevant feature space is poorly understood and an arbitrary a priori choice of features may give rise to confirmation bias here we present a bayesian model for exploratory data analysis that is capable of automatically identifying the features present in unstructured stimuli based solely on neuronal responses our RPA is unique within the class of latent state space models of neural activity in that it assumes that firing rates of neurons are CS to multiple discrete timevarying features tied to the CS- each of which has markov or semimarkov dynamics that is we are modeling neural activity as driven by multiple simultaneous CS- features rather than intrinsic neural dynamics we derive a fast variational bayesian inference algorithm and show that it correctly recovers hidden features in synthetic data as well as groundtruth CS- features in a prototypical neural dataset to demonstrate the utility of the algorithm we also apply it to cluster neural responses and demonstrate successful recovery of features corresponding to monkeys and faces in the image set | MEDAL |
kinesin was purified from bovine adrenal medulla the sedimentation coefficient was s sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation studies showed the molecular weight of kinesin to be the calculated axial ratio was the stokes radius was estimated to be nm by gel filtration circular dichroism showed the alphahelix content to be about purified kinesin preparation contained a L1 polypeptide with a molecular weight of and minor ones with molecular weights of and bovine adrenal kinesin had an atpase activity which was stimulated severalfold by microtubules to a specific activity of about mumolminmg kinesin molecules adsorbed to a glass slide promoted the movement of MTs on the glass surface at a rate of about microns immunostaining of ebtr bovine embryonic tr fibroblast cells and bovine adrenal BCC in interphase with an affinitypurified antibody against the major polypeptide of kinesin showed that some kinesin was located on MTs and the rest distributed throughout the cytoplasm in a diffuse manner ebtr cells in mitotic phase gave a staining pattern showing that kinesin was present throughout the cytoplasm with higher concentration in the region of mitotic apparatus | MEDAL |
in songbirds two sound sources inside the syrinx are used to produce the primary sound laterally positioned labia are passively set into vibration thus interrupting a passing air stream together with subsyringeal pressure the size and tension of the labia determine the spectral characteristics of the primary sound very little is known about how the histological composition and morphology of the labia affect their function as sound generators here we related the size and microstructure of the labia to their acoustic function in two songbird species with different acoustic characteristics the whitecrowned sparrow and zebra finch histological serial sections of the syrinx and different staining techniques were used to identify collagen elastin and hyaluronan as extracellular matrix components the distribution and orientation of elastic fibers indicated that the labia in whitecrowned sparrows are multilayered structures whereas they are more uniformly structured in the zebra finch collagen and hyaluronan were evenly distributed in both species a multilayered composition could give rise to complex viscoelastic properties of each sound source we also measured labia size R2 was found along the dorsoventral axis in both species lateral asymmetry was identified in some individuals but not consistently at the species level different size between the left and right sound sources could provide a morphological basis for the acoustic specialization of each sound generator but only in some individuals the inconsistency of its presence requires the investigation of alternative explanations eg differences in viscoelastic properties of the labia of the left and right syrinx furthermore we identified attachments of syringeal muscles to the labia as well as to bronchial half rings and suggest a mechanism for their biomechanical function | MEDAL |
inspiratory muscle strength monitoring is crucial in patients with neuromuscular disorders the sniff nasal inspiratory pressure snip and maximal inspiratory pressure pimax are usually measured the present T0 investigated whether the test yielding the best value at baseline continued to yield the best value during followup the present study included patients with DMD dmd and with myotonic muscular dystrophy mmd snip and pimax were measured at baseline and then annually at baseline snip was lower than pimax in dmd patients and mmd patients during followup in dmd patients changes in the best method always occurred from snip to pimax in mmd patients when snip was better than pimax at baseline snip was usually better during followup whereas a better pimax than snip at baseline was frequently followed by a shift to snip maximal inspiratory pressure may be sufficient for monitoring inspiratory muscle CF in DMD adults in MMD the marked variability in the test yielding the best value at baseline indicates a need for performance of both tests at baseline however when sniff nasal inspiratory pressure measurement yields the best value at baseline using sniff nasal inspiratory pressure CT during followup may be appropriate | MEDAL |
FF experiments and laboratory analyses were conducted to establish the essential HFA efa requirement of red drum sciaenops ocellatus juvenile red drum were maintained in aquaria containing brackish water ± ⰠTDS for two week experiments semipurified diets contained a total of lipid consisting of different combinations of tristearin predominantly and the following HFA ethyl esters oleate linoleate linolenate and a mixture of highly unsaturated fatty acids hufa containing approximately eicosapentaenoate plus DHA efadeficient diets containing only tristearin or oleate rapidly reduced fish growth and feed efficiency and increased mortality fin erosion and a shock syndrome also occurred in association with efa deficiency of the diets containing fatty acid ethyl esters those with n hufa eicosapentaenoate plus DHA promoted the best growth survival and feed efficiency however the control diet containing menhaden fish oil provided the best performance excess n hufa suppressed fish WG suppression became evident at n hufa and was pronounced at HFA compositions of wholebody muscle and liver tissues from red drum fed the various diets generally reflected dietary fatty acids but modifications of these patterns also were evident C2 of saturated fatty acids appeared to be regulated independent of diet in fish fed EFAD diets containing only tristearin or oleate monoenes increased and n hufa were preferentially conserved in polar lipid fractions eicosatrienoic acid n was not elevated in EFAD red drum apparently due to their limited ability to transform fatty acids red drum exhibited some limited ability to elongate and desaturate LA n and linolenic acid n however metabolism of n did not generally result in increased tissue levels of n hufa based on these responses the red drum required approximately n hufa in the diet approximately of dietary lipid for proper growth and health | MEDAL |
the effects of the phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid oa adenosine othiotriphosphate atpgammas and calyculin a cla on anaphase chromosome movement cytokinesis and cytoskeletal structures at cell division were examined by being microinjected into mitotic sand dollar eggs when oa was injected chromosome movement was inhibited and moreover chromosomes were ejected from the polar regions of the mitotic apparatus by immunofluorescence MTs were observed to be severed in the oainjected eggs causing the smooth cell surface to be changed to an irregular surface when atpgammas and cla were injected the effect on cell shape was remarkable in dividing eggs furrowing stopped within several seconds after i.t. small blebs appeared on the cell surface and became C1 spherical or dumbbell cell shapes then changed to irregular forms and subsequently cytoplasmic flow occurred microfilament PCD revealed that actin accumulation in the SC which was not limited to the furrow cortex occurred shortly after injection cortical accumulation of actin is thought to induce force generation and random cortical contraction and accordingly to result in bleb extrusion from the SC consequently the phosphatase inhibitors inhibited the transition from mitosis to interphase by mediating cortical accumulation of actin filaments andor fragmentation of MTs | MEDAL |
in patients who had undergone pancreatic transplantation with temporary exteriorization of the pancreatic juice VG tissue became available for histologic examination in these patients the cytologic patterns in the PJ were compared with the histologic findings in the VG specimens in five samples the diagnosis by cytologic studies was AAR acute rejection was confirmed in all the histologic specimens in eight cytologic samples VG one was suspected because of the increased amounts of neutrophils degenerating cells epithelial cells monocytes and some macrophages with or without necrotic tissue fragments all eight histologic specimens showed findings characteristic of one in three cytologic samples bacteria or fungi were observed histologic examination of these patients showed graft pancreatitis in four patients the cytologic findings were normal VG histologic AF were normal in two instances in one of these grafts there was graft pancreatitis and in one VG chronic vascular AAR was seen our T0 shows that two different pathologic events occurring in the pancreatic VG ie acute AAR and pancreatitis are reflected by characteristic changes in PJ cytology | MEDAL |
the effect of growth hormone gh on fetal growth was examined in the SDR sdr with the isolated gh deficiency a bp gh gene fragment containing the site of sdr mutation was amplified from fetal liver genomic dna using pcr and digested with RE saui to distinguish the fetal TT when heterozygote dr males and females were crossed a significant reduction in body weight of drdr fetuses was observed on days and and that of fetuses respectively body weight reduction was also noticed on day in drdr fetuses in comparison with that of dr fetuses crossed from drdr females and dr males unexpectedly the body weight of dr fetuses was found to be significantly less than that of fetuses on days and which reached the level of fetuses by day of gestation the fetal tail length was not affected by the gh status these results provide direct evidence for the involvement of pituitary gh in the regulation of fetal body weight during late gestation but not in fetal skeletal growth | MEDAL |
urinary bladder cancer is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide nonmuscleinvasive bladder carcinoma nmibc has a very low curative rate T3 resection the metaanalysis aims to compare efficiency of the ACT of bacillus calmetteguérin bcg and MMC c mmc with each monotherapy on nmibc treatment articles were retrieved in relevant databases up to may the cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool was used to assess quality of the included studies risk ratio rr and the confidence interval ci were used as the effect size to calculate pooled result funnel plot and eggers test were applied to examine publication bias sensitive analysis was performed eight randomized controlled trials were included in this metaanalysis as a result the bcgmmc combination therapy had a significantly decreased recurrence rate in nmibc patients compared with monotherapy of bcg or mmc rr ci to p however there were no obvious differences between the two regimens regarding to progression rate overall mortality and diseasespecific mortality p subgroup analysis indicated the ACT was more advantageous thalectron transfer rate from various donors to p | MEDAL |
a yearold woman without medical PH developed after a TVT tvt procedure a necrotizing fasciitis and an PA T3 unadapted initial treatment surgical procedure revealed bowel perforations caused by the sling treatment was achieved by total mesh removal bowel repair CN excision and vacuumassisted closure system this is the first case report about the association of necrotizing fasciitis and double bowel perforations after tvt procedure any critical sepsis or with unsatisfactory evolution T3 retropubic suburethral sling has to make look for a digestive wound | MEDAL |
certain immunological responses of month old calves experimentally inoculated with either cp or noncytopathic BVD virus bvdv were compared with those of uninfected control calves the tests used to demonstrate the immunological responses were the transformation of lymphocytes by pha mitogen the percentage of lymphocytes with surface immunoglobulin and the antibody titres induced by an intravenous inoculation of killed brucella abortus there were no significant differences between the two groups of calves and therefore the mild exp disease produced by bvdv did not appear to affect adversely the immunological response | MEDAL |
this T0 investigated the influence of superoxide anion on the norepinephrine neinduced contractile response in spontaneously diabetic mice in aortic rings with IN endothelium ne elicited only a slight increase in tension in nondiabetic mice dbm but a much greater dosedependent contraction in spontaneously diabetic mice dbdb mice the neinduced contractile response was significantly reduced by pretreatment with sod uml in diabetic mice but not in control mice the neinduced contraction was significantly enhanced by i.c.v. with diethyldithiocarbamic acid detca m a cuzn sod inhibitor in control mice but not in diabetic mice the doseresponse curve for the acetylcholineinduced EC50 was slightly but significantly attenuated in diabetic mice when aortic rings from control mice were incubated with a mixture of hypoxanthine m xanthine oxidase uml and catalase uml in control mice they gradually contracted this contraction was abolished by i.c.v. with sod uml or indomethacin m or by removal of the EC the enhanced neinduced dosedependent contraction seen in diabetic mice was markedly attenuated by indomethacin these results suggest that in dbdb diabetic mice superoxide anion perhaps via vasoconstrictor prostanoids may enhance the contraction induced by ne | MEDAL |
adhd attentiondeficithyperactivity disorder is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests itself during childhood with various combinations of PS including inattention hyperactivity and impulsivity research has shown that psychiatric comorbidities play an important role in the OD of suicidal behavior and recently there has been a growing interest in a possible association between adhd and suicide during both childhood and adulthood furthermore some authors have shown a relationship between pharmacological treatments and suicide in patients affected by adhd | MEDAL |
the implantable loop recorder developed by medtronic reveal plus is a small device inserted subcutaneously under local anesthesia in patients with syncope of unexplained origin this device enables a single leadecg recording and has autonomy of two years memories are activated during episodes of bradycardia or ART either automatically or manually several studies have shown a high diagnostic rate reaching and demonstrated its costeffectiveness there is also a significant reduction in syncopal episodes and a higher quality of life score in patients with syncope of unexplained origin | MEDAL |
cells of the IVD have a limited capacity for matrix repair that may contribute to the ON and progression of degenerative disc changes in this T0 the biosynthetic capacity of cells isolated from specific regions of the porcine IVD was evaluated in vitro using a competitive reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction technique gene expression levels for types i and ii collagen were quantified in cells cultured for up to d in a threedimensional alginate culture system and compared to levels obtained for cells in vivo the mechanical properties of cellalginate constructs were measured in compression and shear T3 periods of culture up to weeks cells from the anulus fibrosus expressed the most type i collagen mrna in vivo and in vitro while cells from the transition zone expressed the most CII mrna in vivo and in vitro mechanical testing results indicate that a mechanically PET matrix did not form at any time during the culture period rather decreases of up to were observed in the compressive and shear moduli of the cellalginate constructs compared to alginate with no cells together with results of prior studies these results suggest that intervertebral disc cells maintain characteristics of their phenotype when cultured in alginate but the molecules they synthesize are not able to form a mechanically PET matrix in vitro | MEDAL |
from january to march cases of primary liver cancer HCC carcinoma cholangiocellular carcinoma and cases of metastatic CL cancer were treated in our hospital some of hcc HCC carcinoma of cc cholangiocellular carcinoma and of M1 CL CA were resected of hcc of cc and of metastatic cancer received adjuvant HA chemotherapy in which anticancer drugs were administered with oily contrast medium lipiodol in hepatic i.a. the relationship between operative findings and postoperative prognosis was studied in resected hcc cases and risk AF for recurrence were determined risk AF are tw which means that the cancer remains macroscopically within cm of surgical SM im which means IM exists more than vp which means RT embolus exists in the second or more proximal CB of the portal vein and fc which means lack of capsule formation in cases with the risk factors the survival rate of cases with adjuvant arterial chemotherapy was significantly higher than that of cases without it in the cases of CL metastasis of CC resection of metastases and adjuvant hepatic arterial chemotherapy improved the prognosis | MEDAL |
the RET is involved in neural crest disorders activating germline mutations in the RET cause the development of familial medullary TC fmtc or medullary TC mtc as a part of MEN type men syndrome inactivating germline mutations in the ret protooncogene are detected in hirschsprungs disease hscr only in a very small number of families are these diseases expressed together | MEDAL |
atrial fibrillation af and atrial flutter afl are two arrhythmias commonly associated in clinical practice this association generally reflects a similar arrhythmogenic substrate it has been observed that the development of isthmusdependent afl is often preceded by af the conversion from af to afl develops thanks to a line of functional block in the right atrial free wall in this subset a particular condition is represented by typical afl that occurs during the treatment with class ic or iii antiarrhythmic drugs in patients with previous af a hybrid approach antiarrhythmic drugs and CA has been proposed as a possible treatment of druginduced afl the conversion from afl to af is less frequent and may be due to several mechanisms a shortening of the length of the line of functional block atrial ectopic beats or rapid atrial rhythm focal activation from the PVs alternans of atrial action potentials also atypical right and left afl can determine af finally atypical afl may occur T3 af ablation and could be prevented by associated cavotricuspid isthmus ablation | MEDAL |
the present T0 investigated whether knowledge of results in the form of visual and audible feedback would increase the accuracy of timetelling in an individual with an intellectual disability a yearold male with mild intellectual disability participated in this abab singlesubject study design the task involved correctly identifying the time given on a computer data based on the wilcoxon signedrank test showed that the participant demonstrated a greater number of correct responses during the intervention phases incorporating KR into a learning strategy for this individual with intellectual disability resulted in an increased ability to accurately identify the correct time on an analogue clock there is a need to replicate the study design to increase the external validity and generalization of results the strategies described in the present T0 may also be useful for occupational therapists who teach individuals with intellectual disability to gain skills in their everyday activities of daily living adls | MEDAL |
developing optimal radiationfree central NS prophylaxis is a desirable goal in acute lymphoblastic one to avoid the LT toxicity associated with cranial irradiation in a randomized phase ii trial enrolling adult patients we compared intrathecal liposomal cytarabine mg i.v. in btcell subsets respectively with intrathecal triple therapy methotrexatecytarabineprednisone injections systemic therapy included methotrexate plus Ara-C or lasparaginase courses with methotrexate augmented to and gm in philadelphianegative b and tcell disease respectively the primary study objective was the comparative assessment of the riskbenefit ratio combining the analysis of feasibility toxicity and efficacy in the liposomal cytarabine arm patients developed grade neurotoxicity compared to in the triple therapy arm p the median number of episodes of neurotoxicity of any grade was one per patient compared to zero respectively p and even though no permanent disabilities or deaths were registered four patients discontinued intrathecal prophylaxis on account of these toxic SE p neurotoxicity worser the development of a prioritization tool for a clinical decision support build within a computerized provider order entry system and concurrently to prioritize alerts for saint lukes health system the process of prioritizing clinical decision support alerts included a consensus sessions to establish a prioritization process and identify clinical decision support alerts through a modified delphi process and b a clinical decision support survey to validate the results all members of our health systems physician quality organization saint lukes care as well as clinicians administrators and pharmacy staff throughout saint lukes health system were invited to participate in this confidential survey the consensus sessions yielded a prioritization process through alert contextualization and associated likerttype scales utilizing this process the CDS survey polled the opinions of clinicians with a percent response rate three of the top rated alerts were approved for the preimplementation build at saint lukes health system acute myocardial infarction core measure sets UEDVT prophylaxis within h and criteria for sepsis this study establishes a process for developing a prioritization tool for a CDS build within a CPOE system that may be applicable to similar institutions | MEDAL |
porcine circovirus pcv is the cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome pmws the most common lesions of pmws are lymphohistiocytic to granulomatous lymphadenitis interstitial pneumonia and interstitial nephritis with intracytoplasmic amphophilic botryoid inclusion bodies in macrophages in addition to these typical changes intracytoplasmic botryoid inclusion bodies were observed in bronchial bronchial glandular and renal tubular epithelium of several pigs from different farms in western and eastern canada pcv inclusion HB were demonstrated to be located in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells by immunohistochemical staining for pcv and cytokeratin antigens and by ultrastructural demonstration of viral particles in the inclusion HB within renal tubular epithelium | MEDAL |
the effects of the sulphonylurea drug glibenclamide were tested upon atpsensitive k katp channels activated by microm sr in isolated VVI myocytes from guinea pig NF glibenclamide inhibited the openings of katp channels in both cellattached and excised IO membrane patches glibenclamide inhibited the wholecell katp current ikatp with an ec of nm and hill coefficient of the kinetics of the onset of inhibition of ikatp were complex and dosedependent the recovery of ikatp from inhibition was largely doseindependent the application of glibenclamide for short periods of time was followed by the continued OD of inhibition these results suggest that the cell was loaded with the drug before it interacted with the katp channel it is proposed that the sulphonylurea receptor site is to be found in the lipid phase of the membrane in consequence critical AF involved in the sulphonylurea druginduced inhibition of katp channels will include the rates of drug absorption into and exit from the membrane lipid that sulphonylureas will be concentrated in the membrane lipid suggests that the ec value for channel inhibition does not represent the true affinity of the drugs for their receptor | MEDAL |
BOS bos is a major complication of lung transplantation that is associated with poor survival the international society for heart and lung transplantation american thoracic society and european respiratory society convened a EC of international experts to describe andor provide recommendations for the definition of bos the risk factors for developing bos the diagnosis of bos and the management and prevention of bos a pragmatic evidence synthesis was performed to identify all unique citations related to bos published from through to march the expert EC discussed the available research evidence upon which the updated definition of bos identified risk factors and recommendations are based the committee followed the grade grading of recommendation assessment developmth of about μm the SQ factor is above | MEDAL |
in survivors of AIM ami the restoration of anterograde flow in the infarct i.a. even if accomplished beyond the time for myocardial salvage may reduce the frequency of subsequent arrhythmic events and SD twelve subjects men and women aged to years with a first ami signalaveraged electrocardiographic LPs and an occluded infarct i.a. were prospectively identified seven GI had successful coronary angioplasty to days T3 ami and group ii were managed conservatively followup signalaveraged electrocardiography was performed to months later from baseline to followup the group i subjects had a significant change in qrs duration mean sd to ms rootmeansquare Vc to microv and lowamplitude signal duration to ms p or for all variables no GI patient had a late potential at followup in contrast the group ii patients showed no change in qrs duration or lowamplitude signal duration from baseline to followup and all had a late potential at followup at followup the rootmeansquare Vc was significantly greater and the lowamplitude signal and qrs durations significantly less in GI than in group ii p for all variables thus in our patients the mechanical restoration of anterograde perfusion in an occluded infarct i.a. to weeks after ami caused the resolution of signalaveraged electrocardiographic late potentials | MEDAL |
we report a very rare earlystage case of mantle cell lymphoma which arose from the rectum a yearold man presented with a small elastically hard polypoid lesion in the rectum the lesion was x cm in size as a preoperatively BE and endoscopy suggested a benign tumor of the rectum he underwent LE of a rectal polypoid mass transanally under spinal anesthesia however histological examination revealed a malignant lymphoma because the lesion was histologically characterized by solid growths of small to mediumsized round cells furthermore immunohistochemical tests revealed bcell marker positivity and cd positivity but cyclin d negativity since it was reported that lymphomas with a mantle FCCL morphology and cd expression but without cyclin d overexpression exist in about of mantle FCCL cases we diagnosed his disease as mantle cell lymphoma to our knowledge this is the first reported case of an earlystage mantle FCCL originating from the rectum | MEDAL |