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[
"Mercedes-Benz Group",
"owned by",
"Li Shufu"
] |
2019 shareholder structure according to the BaFin
According to the German Securities Trading Act (Wertpapierhandelsgesetz, WpHG) paragraph § 38 owner of rights like financial options to buy common shares with voting rights have to be reported in case certain threshold values are achieved. These owners must report the sum of owned common shares and potential rights to buy additional shares.The German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) reports the following shareholder structure based on § 39 WpHG, (Date: Tuesday, 19 November 2019):
Bank of America Corporation: 20.25%
BlackRock, Inc.: 5.09%
Harris Associates L.P.: 4.93%
Li Shufu with Tenaciou3 Prospect Investment Limited: 9.69%
Morgan Stanley: 5.7%
People's Republic of China: 5%
| 16 |
[
"Mercedes-Benz Group",
"owner of",
"Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation"
] |
89.29% Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation of Japan
50% Denza (Shenzhen BYD Daimler New Technology Co., Ltd)
12% Beijing Automotive Group (BAIC)
15% KAMAZ of Russia
20% Aston Martin LagondaUntil the end of 2011, the company had also held shares in McLaren Group.
Daimler held 25% of MV Agusta of Italy until 2017.
Daimler sold its 50% stake in Engine Holding, to its joint venture partner, Rolls-Royce Holdings in 2014. It is now called Rolls-Royce Power Systems AG.
Daimler used to own 50.1% Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation of Canada but the joint venture was closed in 2018.
| 20 |
[
"Mercedes-Benz Group",
"industry",
"automotive industry"
] |
The Mercedes-Benz Group AG (previously named Daimler-Benz, DaimlerChrysler and Daimler) is a German multinational automotive corporation headquartered in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is one of the world's leading car manufacturers. Daimler-Benz was formed with the merger of Benz & Cie. and Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft in 1926. The company was renamed DaimlerChrysler upon acquiring the American automobile manufacturer Chrysler Corporation in 1998, and was again renamed Daimler AG upon divestment of Chrysler in 2007. In 2021, Daimler AG was the second-largest German automaker and the sixth-largest worldwide by production. In February 2022, Daimler was renamed Mercedes-Benz Group as part of a transaction that spun-off its commercial vehicle segment as an independent company, Daimler Truck.
The Mercedes-Benz Group's marques are Mercedes-Benz for cars and vans (including Mercedes-AMG and Mercedes-Maybach) and Smart. It has shares in other vehicle manufacturers such as Daimler Truck, Denza, BAIC Motor and Aston Martin.
By unit sales, the Mercedes-Benz Group is the thirteenth-largest car manufacturer. The group provides financial services through its Mercedes-Benz Mobility arm. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. The central company headquarters, the Mercedes-Benz offices, a car assembly plant, the Mercedes-Benz Museum and the Mercedes-Benz Arena are situated in the Mercedes-Benz complex in Stuttgart.DaimlerChrysler AG (1998–2007)
Jürgen E. Schrempp (1998–2006)
Robert James Eaton (co-CEO, 1998–2000)
Dieter Zetsche (2006–2007)Daimler AG (2007–2022)
Dieter Zetsche (2007–2019)
Ola Källenius (2019–2022)Mercedes-Benz Group AG (2022–present)
Ola Källenius (2022–present)Financial data
North Charleston expansion
On 5 March 2015, Daimler AG announced a 1,200-job package to the North Charleston region for its van plant, to allow the company to start manufacturing Mercedes-Benz Sprinter vans from scratch to meet demand in North America. From 2010, these vans were set up in Germany, then shipped to the United States partially disassembled for reassembly to avoid import tariffs. A Daimler official said that the Sprinter's popularity in North America was making that process less efficient. The North Charleston plant had been employing only 100 workers. The Sprinter is available on the U.S. market as a panel van, crew bus and chassis in several variants with three lengths and roof heights, six-cylinder diesel or gasoline engines. The Sprinter has been assembled and sold in the United States since 2001.
| 49 |
[
"Mercedes-Benz Group",
"owner of",
"Mercedes-Benz"
] |
2022–present: Mercedes-Benz Group
On 28 January 2022, CEO Ola Källenius announced that Daimler will be rebranded as Mercedes-Benz to pursue a higher valuation for the company as it shifts deeper into high-tech electric vehicles. On 1 February 2022, Daimler officially changed its registered company name to Mercedes-Benz Group AG.
| 54 |
[
"Mercedes-Benz Group",
"has subsidiary",
"Daimler Truck"
] |
The Mercedes-Benz Group AG (previously named Daimler-Benz, DaimlerChrysler and Daimler) is a German multinational automotive corporation headquartered in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is one of the world's leading car manufacturers. Daimler-Benz was formed with the merger of Benz & Cie. and Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft in 1926. The company was renamed DaimlerChrysler upon acquiring the American automobile manufacturer Chrysler Corporation in 1998, and was again renamed Daimler AG upon divestment of Chrysler in 2007. In 2021, Daimler AG was the second-largest German automaker and the sixth-largest worldwide by production. In February 2022, Daimler was renamed Mercedes-Benz Group as part of a transaction that spun-off its commercial vehicle segment as an independent company, Daimler Truck.
The Mercedes-Benz Group's marques are Mercedes-Benz for cars and vans (including Mercedes-AMG and Mercedes-Maybach) and Smart. It has shares in other vehicle manufacturers such as Daimler Truck, Denza, BAIC Motor and Aston Martin.
By unit sales, the Mercedes-Benz Group is the thirteenth-largest car manufacturer. The group provides financial services through its Mercedes-Benz Mobility arm. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. The central company headquarters, the Mercedes-Benz offices, a car assembly plant, the Mercedes-Benz Museum and the Mercedes-Benz Arena are situated in the Mercedes-Benz complex in Stuttgart.
| 61 |
[
"Mercedes-Benz Group",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Mercedes-Benz Group"
] |
Brands
The Mercedes-Benz Group sells automobiles under the following brands worldwide:Mercedes-Benz Cars
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-AMG – High performance vehicles
Mercedes-Maybach – Introduced November 2014
Smart
Share Now
Maybach – production ended in 2012, but the ultra-high end S-class and GLS-class is sold as Mercedes-Maybach
Mercedes-Benz Vans
Mercedes-Benz (vans group)
Mercedes-Benz Mobility
Mercedes-Benz Bank
Mercedes-Benz Financial Services
Others
Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains (builds engines for Formula One racing)
| 94 |
[
"Renault",
"product or material produced",
"motor car"
] |
Groupe Renault (UK: REN-oh, US: rə-NAWLT, rə-NOH, French: [ɡʁup ʁəno], also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans and in the past, has manufactured trucks, tractors, tanks, buses/coaches, aircraft and aircraft engines, and autorail vehicles.
According to the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles, in 2016 Renault was the ninth biggest automaker in the world by production volume. By 2017, the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance had become the world's biggest seller of light vehicles.Headquartered in Boulogne-Billancourt, near Paris, the Renault group is made up of the namesake Renault marque and subsidiaries, Alpine, Renault Sport (Gordini), Automobile Dacia from Romania, and Renault Korea Motors from South Korea. Renault has a 43.4% stake with several votes in Nissan of Japan and used to have a 1.55% stake in Daimler AG of Germany, which it sold off in early 2021 to help them overcome financial difficulties. (Since 2012, Renault has manufactured engines for Daimler's Mercedes A-Class and B-Class cars and is also fully involved in manufacturing the Mercedes-Benz Citan van). Renault also owns subsidiaries RCI Banque (automotive financing), Renault Retail Group (automotive distribution) and Motrio (automotive parts). Renault has various joint ventures, including Oyak-Renault (Turkey) and Renault Pars (Iran). The French state owns a 15% share of Renault.Renault Trucks, previously known as Renault Véhicules Industriels, has been part of Volvo since 2001. Renault Agriculture became 100% owned by German agricultural equipment manufacturer CLAAS in 2008. Renault's shareholding in AvtoVAZ is being divested to the Government of Russia as an effect of the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Together Renault and Nissan invested €4 billion (US$5.16 billion) in eight electric vehicles over three to four years beginning in 2011. Since the launch of the Renault electric program, the group has sold more than 273,000 electric vehicles worldwide through December 2019.Renault is known for its role in motor sport, particularly rallying, Formula 1 and Formula E. Its early work on mathematical curve modeling for car bodies is important in the history of computer graphics.
| 2 |
[
"Renault",
"has subsidiary",
"Dacia"
] |
Modern era (1972–1980)
The company's compact and economical Renault 5 model, launched in January 1972, was another success, anticipating the 1973 energy crisis. Throughout the 1970s the R4, R5, R6, R12, R15, R16, and R17 maintained Renault's production with new models including the Renault 18 and Renault 20.
During the mid-seventies, the already broad-based company diversified into more industries and continued to expand globally, including South East Asia. The energy crisis led Renault to again attempt to attack the North American market. Despite the Dauphine's success in the United States in the late 1950s and an unsuccessful assembly project in Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Quebec (1964–72), Renault began to disappear from North America at the end of the decade.
Renault acquired a controlling stake in Automobiles Alpine in 1973, and over the decades, Renault developed a collaborative partnership with Nash Motors Rambler and its successor American Motors Corporation (AMC). From 1962 until 1967, Renault assembled complete knock down (CKD) kits of the Rambler Classic sedans in its factory in Belgium. Renault did not have large or luxury cars in its product line and the "Rambler Renault" was positioned as an alternative to the Mercedes-Benz "Fintail" cars. Later, Renault continued to make and sell a hybrid of AMC's Rambler American and Rambler Classic called the Renault Torino in Argentina (sold through IKA-Renault). Renault partnered with AMC on other projects, such as a rotary concept engine in the late 1960s.
In the late 1960s and 1970s, the company established subsidiaries in Eastern Europe, most notably Dacia in Romania, and South America (many of which remain active) and forged technological cooperation agreements with Volvo and Peugeot, (for instance, for the development of the PRV V6 engine, which was used in Renault 30, Peugeot 604, and Volvo 260 in the late 1970s).Subsidiaries and alliances
Subsidiaries
Dacia
In 1999, Renault acquired a 51% controlling stake from the Romanian-based manufacturer Automobile Dacia, which was later increased to 99.43%. As part of the Renault group, Dacia is a regional marque of entry-levels cars focused on Europe and Northern Africa which shares various models with the Renault marque.
| 14 |
[
"Renault",
"headquarters location",
"Boulogne-Billancourt"
] |
Groupe Renault (UK: REN-oh, US: rə-NAWLT, rə-NOH, French: [ɡʁup ʁəno], also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans and in the past, has manufactured trucks, tractors, tanks, buses/coaches, aircraft and aircraft engines, and autorail vehicles.
According to the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles, in 2016 Renault was the ninth biggest automaker in the world by production volume. By 2017, the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance had become the world's biggest seller of light vehicles.Headquartered in Boulogne-Billancourt, near Paris, the Renault group is made up of the namesake Renault marque and subsidiaries, Alpine, Renault Sport (Gordini), Automobile Dacia from Romania, and Renault Korea Motors from South Korea. Renault has a 43.4% stake with several votes in Nissan of Japan and used to have a 1.55% stake in Daimler AG of Germany, which it sold off in early 2021 to help them overcome financial difficulties. (Since 2012, Renault has manufactured engines for Daimler's Mercedes A-Class and B-Class cars and is also fully involved in manufacturing the Mercedes-Benz Citan van). Renault also owns subsidiaries RCI Banque (automotive financing), Renault Retail Group (automotive distribution) and Motrio (automotive parts). Renault has various joint ventures, including Oyak-Renault (Turkey) and Renault Pars (Iran). The French state owns a 15% share of Renault.Renault Trucks, previously known as Renault Véhicules Industriels, has been part of Volvo since 2001. Renault Agriculture became 100% owned by German agricultural equipment manufacturer CLAAS in 2008. Renault's shareholding in AvtoVAZ is being divested to the Government of Russia as an effect of the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Together Renault and Nissan invested €4 billion (US$5.16 billion) in eight electric vehicles over three to four years beginning in 2011. Since the launch of the Renault electric program, the group has sold more than 273,000 electric vehicles worldwide through December 2019.Renault is known for its role in motor sport, particularly rallying, Formula 1 and Formula E. Its early work on mathematical curve modeling for car bodies is important in the history of computer graphics.
| 19 |
[
"Renault",
"location of formation",
"Boulogne-Billancourt"
] |
Groupe Renault (UK: REN-oh, US: rə-NAWLT, rə-NOH, French: [ɡʁup ʁəno], also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans and in the past, has manufactured trucks, tractors, tanks, buses/coaches, aircraft and aircraft engines, and autorail vehicles.
According to the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles, in 2016 Renault was the ninth biggest automaker in the world by production volume. By 2017, the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance had become the world's biggest seller of light vehicles.Headquartered in Boulogne-Billancourt, near Paris, the Renault group is made up of the namesake Renault marque and subsidiaries, Alpine, Renault Sport (Gordini), Automobile Dacia from Romania, and Renault Korea Motors from South Korea. Renault has a 43.4% stake with several votes in Nissan of Japan and used to have a 1.55% stake in Daimler AG of Germany, which it sold off in early 2021 to help them overcome financial difficulties. (Since 2012, Renault has manufactured engines for Daimler's Mercedes A-Class and B-Class cars and is also fully involved in manufacturing the Mercedes-Benz Citan van). Renault also owns subsidiaries RCI Banque (automotive financing), Renault Retail Group (automotive distribution) and Motrio (automotive parts). Renault has various joint ventures, including Oyak-Renault (Turkey) and Renault Pars (Iran). The French state owns a 15% share of Renault.Renault Trucks, previously known as Renault Véhicules Industriels, has been part of Volvo since 2001. Renault Agriculture became 100% owned by German agricultural equipment manufacturer CLAAS in 2008. Renault's shareholding in AvtoVAZ is being divested to the Government of Russia as an effect of the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Together Renault and Nissan invested €4 billion (US$5.16 billion) in eight electric vehicles over three to four years beginning in 2011. Since the launch of the Renault electric program, the group has sold more than 273,000 electric vehicles worldwide through December 2019.Renault is known for its role in motor sport, particularly rallying, Formula 1 and Formula E. Its early work on mathematical curve modeling for car bodies is important in the history of computer graphics.Financial data
Corporate governance
Renault's head office is in Boulogne-Billancourt. The head office is located near the old Renault factories; Renault has maintained a historical presence in Boulogne-Billancourt since the company's opening in 1898.Renault is administered through a board of directors, an executive committee and a management committee. As of January 2019, members of the 19-seat board include Jean-Dominique Senard (as chairman), Cherie Blair, Catherine Barba and Pascale Sourisse. Clotilde Delbos is the acting CEO.
| 22 |
[
"Renault",
"part of",
"Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance"
] |
Manufacturing subsidiaries
French factories
Manufacturing subsidiaries outside France
Alliances
Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi
Renault has a 43.4% stake in Nissan, and Nissan holds a 15% stake (with no voting rights) in Renault, thereby giving it effective control. Renault has a 50% stake in the joint venture Renault-Nissan b.v., which was established to manage the Renault-Nissan alliance. The company is responsible for the management of two joint companies, RNPO (Renault Nissan Purchasing Organization) and RNIS (Renault-Nissan Information Services). Combined vehicle sales in 2008 reached 6.9 million (including AvtoVAZ), making the Renault-Nissan Alliance the world's third-largest automotive group.As well as sharing engines and joint-development of zero-emissions technology, Nissan increased its presence in Europe by badging various Renault van models such as the Renault Kangoo/Nissan Kubistar, Renault Master/Nissan Interstar and the Renault Trafic/Nissan Primastar. Some passenger cars have also been badge-engineered, such as the Renault Clio-based Nissan Platina in Brazil. The "Renault Production System" standard used by all Renault factories borrowed extensively from the "Nissan Production Way" and resulted in Renault productivity improving by 15%. The alliance led to the loss of 21,000 jobs, and the closure of three assemby and two powertrain plants.In March 2010 the Renault-Nissan alliance opened its first joint facility in Chennai, India, investing 45 billion rupees (US$991.1 million). The facility builds the Nissan Micra. The Renault Fluence and Renault Koleos are intended to be assembled there from completely knocked-down units. As a result of opening its own factory, Renault ended its five-year Mahindra Renault joint venture with Mahindra & Mahindra company to make and sell the Renault Logan in India.
| 24 |
[
"Renault",
"chairperson",
"Jean-Dominique Senard"
] |
Privatisation and the alliance era (1996–2019)
It was eventually decided that the company's state-owned status was a detriment. By 1994, plans to sell shares to public investors were officially announced. The company was privatised in 1996. This new freedom allowed the company to venture once again into markets in Eastern Europe and South America, including a new factory in Brazil and upgrades for its infrastructure in Argentina and Turkey. In December 1996, General Motors Europe and Renault begun to collaborate in the development of LCVs, starting with the second generation Trafic (codenamed X83).Renault's financial problems were not all fixed by the privatisation, and Renault's president, Louis Schweitzer gave to his then deputy, Carlos Ghosn, the task of confronting them. Ghosn elaborated a plan to cut costs for the period 1998–2000, reducing the workforce, revising production processes, standardising vehicle parts and pushing the launch of new models. The company also undertook organisational changes, introducing a lean production system with delegate responsibilities inspired by Japanese systems (the "Renault Production Way"), reforming work methods, and centralising research and development at its Technocentre to reduce vehicle conception costs while accelerating such conception.After Volvo's exit, Renault searched for a new partner to cope with an industry that was consolidating. Talks with BMW, Mitsubishi, Nissan, PSA and others were held and yielded a relationship with Nissan, whose negotiations with Daimler had stalled. Starting on 27 March 1999, the Renault–Nissan Alliance is the first of its kind involving a Japanese and a French company, including cross-ownership. Renault initially acquired a 36.8% stake at a cost of £2.7 billion in Nissan, while Nissan, in turn, took a 15% non-voting stake in Renault. Renault continued to operate as a stand-alone company, but with the intent to collaborate with its alliance partner to reduce costs. The same year, Renault bought a 51% majority stake of the Romanian company Dacia for £408.5 million, thus returning after 30 years, in which time the Romanians had built over 2 million cars that primarily consisted of local versions of the Renault 8, 12 and 20. In 2000, Renault acquired a controlling stake of the newly formed South Korean Samsung Group's automotive division for £59.5 million.In Japan, Renault was formerly licensed by Yanase Co, Japan's premier seller of imported cars. However, as a result of Renault's purchase of an interest in Nissan in 1999, Yanase cancelled its licensing contract with Renault in the spring of 2000, and Nissan took over as the sole licensee, hence sales of Renault vehicles in Japan were transferred from Yanase Store locations to Nissan Red Stage Store locations.
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Renault sold various assets to finance its inversions and acquisitions, refocusing itself as a car and van manufacturer. In 1999, the company sold its industrial automation subsidiary, Renault Automation, to Comau and its engine parts division to TWR Engine Components. In 2001, Renault sold its 50% stake in bus/coach manufacturer Irisbus to co-owner Iveco and its logistics subsidiary, CAT France, to Global Automotive Logistics. Following the sale of Renault Véhicules Industriels to Volvo in 2001, the company retained a minority (but controlling) stake (20%) in the Volvo Group. In 2010 Renault reduced its shareholding to 6.5% and in December 2012 sold its remaining shares. In 2004, Renault sold a 51% majority stake in its agricultural machinery division, Renault Agriculture, to CLAAS. In 2006, CLAAS increased its ownership to 80% and in 2008 took full control.In the twenty-first century, Renault developed a reputation for distinctive, outlandish design. The second generation of the Laguna and Mégane featured ambitious, angular designs that turned out to be successful, The 2000 Laguna was the second European car to feature "keyless" entry and ignition. Less successful were the company's more upmarket models. The Avantime, a unique coupé multi-purpose vehicle, sold poorly and was quickly discontinued while the luxury Vel Satis model also disappointed. However, the design inspired the lines of the second-generation Mégane, the maker's most successful car. As well as its distinctive styling, Renault was to become known for its car safety by the independent company Euro NCAP Thus, in 2001, the Laguna achieved a five-star rating, followed in 2004 by the Modus, and acquired control of AvtoVAZ in 2008.In April 2010, Renault–Nissan announced an alliance with Daimler. Renault supplied Mercedes-Benz with its brand new 1.6-litre turbo-diesel engine and Mercedes-Benz provided a 2.0 litre four-cylinder petrol engine to Renault–Nissan. The resulting new alliance was to develop a replacement for the Smart based on the Twingo.In February 2010, Renault opened a new production factory near Tangier, Morocco, with an annual output capacity of 170,000 vehicles. Initially, it manufactured the Dacia Lodgy and Dacia Dokker models followed in October 2013 by the second generation Dacia Sandero. The output capacity increased to 340,000 vehicles per year with the inauguration of a second production line. The site is located in a dedicated free trade area, neighboring Tanger Automotive City. According to Renault, the new factory emits zero carbon and industrial liquid discharges. Over 100,000 vehicles were produced there in 2013. Renault expects to eventually increase production at the Tangier plant to 400,000 vehicles per year.In the 2010s, Renault increased its efforts to gain market share in the Chinese market. In 2013, it formed a joint venture with Dongfeng Motor Group named as Dongfeng Renault, based on a failed previous venture with the Chinese company Sanjiang. In December 2017, it signed an agreement with Brilliance Auto to create a new joint venture (Renault Brilliance Jinbei) aimed at producing light commercial vehicles and minivans under the Renault, Jinbei and Huasong marques. In December 2018, Renault announced it would acquire a "significant" stake in JMCG's electric vehicle subsidiary JMEV. In July 2019, Renault took a 50% majority stake from JMEV through capital increase. In April 2020, Renault announced it planned to withdraw from the Dongfeng Renault venture, transferring its stake to Dongfeng.In December 2012, the Algeria's National Investment Fund (FNI), the Société Nationale de Véhicules Industriels (SNVI), and Renault signed an agreement to establish a factory near the city of Oran, Algeria, with the aim of manufacturing Symbol units from 2014 onwards. The production output was estimated at 25,000 vehicles. The Algerian State has a 51% stake in the facility.In September 2013, Renault launched its brand in Indonesia, the world's fourth most populous country, with the aim of becoming one of the top European brands there until 2016. The model range at the time of the launch consisted of the Duster (locally assembled), the Koleos and the Mégane RS. Later, the Clio and the Captur were also added.In April 2015, the French government upped their stake in Renault from 15% to 19.73% with the aim of blocking a resolution at the next annual general meeting that could reduce its control over the company. In 2017, the government sold back shares and returned to a 15% stake as agreed with Renault.During 2016, Renault changed position on the viability of small (B-segment) diesel cars in Europe, as they become significantly more expensive when re-engineered to comply with new emissions regulations as a result of the Volkswagen emissions scandal. Renault believes that all small and some mid-size (C-segment) will no longer be diesels by 2020. However, on Friday, 13 January 2017, Renault shares fell as the Paris prosecutor started an investigation into possible exhaust emissions cheating. The company later recalled 15,000 cars for emission testing and fixing. Renault, along with several other automobile companies, has been accused of manipulating the measurement equipment for NOx pollution from diesel cars. Independent tests carried out by the German car club ADAC proved that, under normal driving conditions, diesel vehicles, including the Renault Espace, exceeded legal European emission limits for nitrogen oxide (NOx) by more than 10 times. Renault denied any foul play, stating compliance with French and European standards.In November 2018, Renault's CEO Ghosn was arrested by Japanese officials for allegedly underreporting his Nissan's salary, following an internal review conducted by the Japanese company. Renault traded shares fell more than 15% after the arrest was known. After Ghosn's arrest, the chief operating officer and company deputy chief Thierry Bolloré became the acting CEO and the board director Philippe Lagayette the acting chairman. In January 2019, following Ghosn's resignation, Renault announced it had appointed Jean-Dominique Senard as chairman and the acting CEO Bolloré as CEO. In October 2019, Bolloré was fired and replaced by Renault's CFO Clotilde Delbos as acting CEO. Bolloré said his dismissal was a "coup" by Senard. In January 2020, Renault announced it had named Italian Luca de Meo as its new CEO, with him taking his post on 1 July. Delbos was named as his deputy.Financial data
Corporate governance
Renault's head office is in Boulogne-Billancourt. The head office is located near the old Renault factories; Renault has maintained a historical presence in Boulogne-Billancourt since the company's opening in 1898.Renault is administered through a board of directors, an executive committee and a management committee. As of January 2019, members of the 19-seat board include Jean-Dominique Senard (as chairman), Cherie Blair, Catherine Barba and Pascale Sourisse. Clotilde Delbos is the acting CEO.
| 26 |
[
"Renault",
"founded by",
"Louis Renault"
] |
History
Founding and early years (1898–1918)
The Renault corporation was founded on 25 February 1899 (1899-02-25) as Société Renault Frères by Louis Renault and his brothers Marcel and Fernand. Louis was a bright, aspiring young engineer who had already designed and built several prototypes before teaming up with his brothers, who had honed their business skills working for their father's textile firm. While Louis handled design and production, Marcel and Fernand managed the business.The first Renault car, the Renault Voiturette 1CV, was sold to a friend of Louis' father after giving him a test ride on 24 December 1898.
| 28 |
[
"Renault",
"named after",
"Louis Renault"
] |
History
Founding and early years (1898–1918)
The Renault corporation was founded on 25 February 1899 (1899-02-25) as Société Renault Frères by Louis Renault and his brothers Marcel and Fernand. Louis was a bright, aspiring young engineer who had already designed and built several prototypes before teaming up with his brothers, who had honed their business skills working for their father's textile firm. While Louis handled design and production, Marcel and Fernand managed the business.The first Renault car, the Renault Voiturette 1CV, was sold to a friend of Louis' father after giving him a test ride on 24 December 1898.In 1903, Renault began to manufacture its own engines; until then it had purchased them from De Dion-Bouton. The first major volume sale came in 1905 when Société des Automobiles de Place bought Renault AG1 cars to establish a fleet of taxis. These vehicles were later used by the French military to transport troops during World War I which earned them the nickname "Taxi de la Marne." By 1907, a significant percentage of London and Paris taxis had been built by Renault. Renault was also the best-selling foreign brand in New York in 1907 and 1908. In 1908 the company produced 3,575 units, becoming the country's largest car manufacturer.The brothers recognised the value of publicity that participation in motor racing could generate for their vehicles. Renault made itself known through succeeding in the first city-to-city races held in Switzerland, producing rapid sales growth. Both Louis and Marcel raced company vehicles, but Marcel was killed in an accident during the 1903 Paris-Madrid race. Although Louis never raced again, his company remained very involved, including Ferenc Szisz winning the first Grand Prix motor racing event in a Renault AK 90CV in 1906.
Louis took full control of the company as the only remaining brother in 1906 when Fernand retired for health reasons. Fernand died in 1909 and Louis became the sole owner, renaming the company Société des Automobiles Renault (Renault Automobile Company).Renault fostered its reputation for innovation from very early on. At the time, cars were luxury items manufactured without assembly line advances. The price of the smallest Renaults at the time was 3000 francs (₣); an amount equal to ten years pay for the average worker. In 1905, the company introduced mass production techniques and Taylorism in 1913. In 1911, Renault visited Henry Ford at the Highland Park factory and adopted some of the manufacturing principles from his trip.Renault manufactured buses and commercial cargo vehicles in the pre-war years. The first real commercial truck from the company was introduced in 1906. During World War I, it branched out into ammunition, military aircraft engines (the first Rolls-Royce aircraft engines were modeled and inspired by Renault air-cooled aircraft V8 units) and vehicles such as the revolutionary Renault FT tank. The company's military designs were so successful that Louis was awarded the Legion of Honour for his company's contributions. The company exported engines to American automobile manufacturers for use in such automobiles as the GJG, which used a Renault 26 horsepower (19 kW) or 40 hp (30 kW) four-cylinder engine.
| 29 |
[
"Renault",
"instance of",
"enterprise"
] |
History
Founding and early years (1898–1918)
The Renault corporation was founded on 25 February 1899 (1899-02-25) as Société Renault Frères by Louis Renault and his brothers Marcel and Fernand. Louis was a bright, aspiring young engineer who had already designed and built several prototypes before teaming up with his brothers, who had honed their business skills working for their father's textile firm. While Louis handled design and production, Marcel and Fernand managed the business.The first Renault car, the Renault Voiturette 1CV, was sold to a friend of Louis' father after giving him a test ride on 24 December 1898.
| 30 |
[
"Renault",
"instance of",
"business"
] |
History
Founding and early years (1898–1918)
The Renault corporation was founded on 25 February 1899 (1899-02-25) as Société Renault Frères by Louis Renault and his brothers Marcel and Fernand. Louis was a bright, aspiring young engineer who had already designed and built several prototypes before teaming up with his brothers, who had honed their business skills working for their father's textile firm. While Louis handled design and production, Marcel and Fernand managed the business.The first Renault car, the Renault Voiturette 1CV, was sold to a friend of Louis' father after giving him a test ride on 24 December 1898.
| 32 |
[
"Renault",
"has subsidiary",
"Oyak-Renault"
] |
Groupe Renault (UK: REN-oh, US: rə-NAWLT, rə-NOH, French: [ɡʁup ʁəno], also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans and in the past, has manufactured trucks, tractors, tanks, buses/coaches, aircraft and aircraft engines, and autorail vehicles.
According to the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles, in 2016 Renault was the ninth biggest automaker in the world by production volume. By 2017, the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance had become the world's biggest seller of light vehicles.Headquartered in Boulogne-Billancourt, near Paris, the Renault group is made up of the namesake Renault marque and subsidiaries, Alpine, Renault Sport (Gordini), Automobile Dacia from Romania, and Renault Korea Motors from South Korea. Renault has a 43.4% stake with several votes in Nissan of Japan and used to have a 1.55% stake in Daimler AG of Germany, which it sold off in early 2021 to help them overcome financial difficulties. (Since 2012, Renault has manufactured engines for Daimler's Mercedes A-Class and B-Class cars and is also fully involved in manufacturing the Mercedes-Benz Citan van). Renault also owns subsidiaries RCI Banque (automotive financing), Renault Retail Group (automotive distribution) and Motrio (automotive parts). Renault has various joint ventures, including Oyak-Renault (Turkey) and Renault Pars (Iran). The French state owns a 15% share of Renault.Renault Trucks, previously known as Renault Véhicules Industriels, has been part of Volvo since 2001. Renault Agriculture became 100% owned by German agricultural equipment manufacturer CLAAS in 2008. Renault's shareholding in AvtoVAZ is being divested to the Government of Russia as an effect of the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Together Renault and Nissan invested €4 billion (US$5.16 billion) in eight electric vehicles over three to four years beginning in 2011. Since the launch of the Renault electric program, the group has sold more than 273,000 electric vehicles worldwide through December 2019.Renault is known for its role in motor sport, particularly rallying, Formula 1 and Formula E. Its early work on mathematical curve modeling for car bodies is important in the history of computer graphics.
| 38 |
[
"Renault",
"has subsidiary",
"Saviem"
] |
During the 1950s, Renault absorbed two small French heavy vehicle manufacturers (Somua and Latil) and in 1955 merged them with its own truck and bus division to form the Société Anonyme de Véhicules Industriels et d'Equipements Mécaniques (Saviem).
| 39 |
[
"Renault",
"has subsidiary",
"RCI Banque"
] |
Groupe Renault (UK: REN-oh, US: rə-NAWLT, rə-NOH, French: [ɡʁup ʁəno], also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans and in the past, has manufactured trucks, tractors, tanks, buses/coaches, aircraft and aircraft engines, and autorail vehicles.
According to the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles, in 2016 Renault was the ninth biggest automaker in the world by production volume. By 2017, the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance had become the world's biggest seller of light vehicles.Headquartered in Boulogne-Billancourt, near Paris, the Renault group is made up of the namesake Renault marque and subsidiaries, Alpine, Renault Sport (Gordini), Automobile Dacia from Romania, and Renault Korea Motors from South Korea. Renault has a 43.4% stake with several votes in Nissan of Japan and used to have a 1.55% stake in Daimler AG of Germany, which it sold off in early 2021 to help them overcome financial difficulties. (Since 2012, Renault has manufactured engines for Daimler's Mercedes A-Class and B-Class cars and is also fully involved in manufacturing the Mercedes-Benz Citan van). Renault also owns subsidiaries RCI Banque (automotive financing), Renault Retail Group (automotive distribution) and Motrio (automotive parts). Renault has various joint ventures, including Oyak-Renault (Turkey) and Renault Pars (Iran). The French state owns a 15% share of Renault.Renault Trucks, previously known as Renault Véhicules Industriels, has been part of Volvo since 2001. Renault Agriculture became 100% owned by German agricultural equipment manufacturer CLAAS in 2008. Renault's shareholding in AvtoVAZ is being divested to the Government of Russia as an effect of the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Together Renault and Nissan invested €4 billion (US$5.16 billion) in eight electric vehicles over three to four years beginning in 2011. Since the launch of the Renault electric program, the group has sold more than 273,000 electric vehicles worldwide through December 2019.Renault is known for its role in motor sport, particularly rallying, Formula 1 and Formula E. Its early work on mathematical curve modeling for car bodies is important in the history of computer graphics.RCI Banque
RCI Banque is a wholly owned subsidiary that provides financial services for Renault marques worldwide and Nissan marques in Europe, Russia and South America.
| 40 |
[
"Renault",
"product or material produced",
"light commercial vehicle"
] |
Koleos (2008–present; Renault Samsung QM5/Renault Samsung QM6)
Arkana (2020–present; Renault Samsung XM3)Renault light commercial vehicles:Master (1980–present; developed by Renault and sold in some markets as the Nissan Interstar)
Trafic (1980–present; developed by Renault and sold in some markets as the Mitsubishi Express and the Nissan Primastar)
Kangoo (1997–present; developed by Renault and sold in some markets as the Mercedes-Benz Citan and the Nissan Townstar)
Express (2021–present; developed by Renault and sold in some markets as the Mercedes-Benz Citan and the Nissan Townstar)Dacia light commercial vehicles, sold in some markets under the Renault marque:
| 41 |
[
"Renault",
"has subsidiary",
"Renault Korea Motors"
] |
Renault Korea Motors
Renault acquired the car division of Samsung on 1 September 2000 in a $560 million deal for 70% of the company, eventually increasing its stake to 80.1%. The majority of the company's production at its Busan plant is exported under the Renault badge.
| 44 |
[
"Renault",
"instance of",
"automobile manufacturer"
] |
Groupe Renault (UK: REN-oh, US: rə-NAWLT, rə-NOH, French: [ɡʁup ʁəno], also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans and in the past, has manufactured trucks, tractors, tanks, buses/coaches, aircraft and aircraft engines, and autorail vehicles.
According to the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles, in 2016 Renault was the ninth biggest automaker in the world by production volume. By 2017, the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance had become the world's biggest seller of light vehicles.Headquartered in Boulogne-Billancourt, near Paris, the Renault group is made up of the namesake Renault marque and subsidiaries, Alpine, Renault Sport (Gordini), Automobile Dacia from Romania, and Renault Korea Motors from South Korea. Renault has a 43.4% stake with several votes in Nissan of Japan and used to have a 1.55% stake in Daimler AG of Germany, which it sold off in early 2021 to help them overcome financial difficulties. (Since 2012, Renault has manufactured engines for Daimler's Mercedes A-Class and B-Class cars and is also fully involved in manufacturing the Mercedes-Benz Citan van). Renault also owns subsidiaries RCI Banque (automotive financing), Renault Retail Group (automotive distribution) and Motrio (automotive parts). Renault has various joint ventures, including Oyak-Renault (Turkey) and Renault Pars (Iran). The French state owns a 15% share of Renault.Renault Trucks, previously known as Renault Véhicules Industriels, has been part of Volvo since 2001. Renault Agriculture became 100% owned by German agricultural equipment manufacturer CLAAS in 2008. Renault's shareholding in AvtoVAZ is being divested to the Government of Russia as an effect of the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Together Renault and Nissan invested €4 billion (US$5.16 billion) in eight electric vehicles over three to four years beginning in 2011. Since the launch of the Renault electric program, the group has sold more than 273,000 electric vehicles worldwide through December 2019.Renault is known for its role in motor sport, particularly rallying, Formula 1 and Formula E. Its early work on mathematical curve modeling for car bodies is important in the history of computer graphics.
| 69 |
[
"Agence des participations de l'État",
"country",
"France"
] |
Agence des participations de l'État (APE, literally "State Participations Agency"), created in 2004 under the government of Jean-Pierre Raffarin, is the French agency responsible for managing the State's shareholdings in companies of strategic importance. As of 2021, APE has €685.3 billion worth of assets under management, which includes investments in companies involved in energy, industry, defence, transport, communication and finance, among others.History
The State participation agency is a Service à compétence nationale (service with national competence) created in September 2004.
The creation of the Agency responded to the need to clarify the role of a shareholder of the State and the promotion of its patrimonial interests alongside the regulatory functions, tax collection, sectoral supervision, buyer that the State exercises.
This first step provided the State with a structure embodying and exclusively exercising its role as a shareholder. The second step was to endow the APE with greater autonomy. The appointment of a State Equity Commissioner, reporting directly to the French Ministry of the Economy and Finance, completed the process. Since May 2017, the APE has 88 companies in its portfolio.
Since 2001, the activity of the State shareholder has been traced every year in a report appended to the draft Loi de finances en France (Finance law in France).
| 1 |
[
"Agence des participations de l'État",
"instance of",
"government agency"
] |
Agence des participations de l'État (APE, literally "State Participations Agency"), created in 2004 under the government of Jean-Pierre Raffarin, is the French agency responsible for managing the State's shareholdings in companies of strategic importance. As of 2021, APE has €685.3 billion worth of assets under management, which includes investments in companies involved in energy, industry, defence, transport, communication and finance, among others.History
The State participation agency is a Service à compétence nationale (service with national competence) created in September 2004.
The creation of the Agency responded to the need to clarify the role of a shareholder of the State and the promotion of its patrimonial interests alongside the regulatory functions, tax collection, sectoral supervision, buyer that the State exercises.
This first step provided the State with a structure embodying and exclusively exercising its role as a shareholder. The second step was to endow the APE with greater autonomy. The appointment of a State Equity Commissioner, reporting directly to the French Ministry of the Economy and Finance, completed the process. Since May 2017, the APE has 88 companies in its portfolio.
Since 2001, the activity of the State shareholder has been traced every year in a report appended to the draft Loi de finances en France (Finance law in France).
| 6 |
[
"Agence des participations de l'État",
"legal form",
"service with national competence of a non-defense ministry"
] |
Agence des participations de l'État (APE, literally "State Participations Agency"), created in 2004 under the government of Jean-Pierre Raffarin, is the French agency responsible for managing the State's shareholdings in companies of strategic importance. As of 2021, APE has €685.3 billion worth of assets under management, which includes investments in companies involved in energy, industry, defence, transport, communication and finance, among others.History
The State participation agency is a Service à compétence nationale (service with national competence) created in September 2004.
The creation of the Agency responded to the need to clarify the role of a shareholder of the State and the promotion of its patrimonial interests alongside the regulatory functions, tax collection, sectoral supervision, buyer that the State exercises.
This first step provided the State with a structure embodying and exclusively exercising its role as a shareholder. The second step was to endow the APE with greater autonomy. The appointment of a State Equity Commissioner, reporting directly to the French Ministry of the Economy and Finance, completed the process. Since May 2017, the APE has 88 companies in its portfolio.
Since 2001, the activity of the State shareholder has been traced every year in a report appended to the draft Loi de finances en France (Finance law in France).
| 21 |
[
"III Armored Corps",
"conflict",
"World War II"
] |
World War II
Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor bringing America into World War II, III Corps remained in the United States, where it was assigned to organize defenses of the West Coast, specifically California, against the threat of attack from Japan. During this time III Corps operated at Monterey, California.The corps was moved to Fort McPherson, Georgia in early 1942 for training. After a short period, the corps returned to Monterey and on 19 August 1942, it was designated a separate corps, capable of deployment. During the next two years, III Corps would train thousands of troops for combat, including 33 division-sized units, and participate in four corps-level maneuvers, including the Louisiana Maneuvers.Europe
On 23 August 1944, the corps headquarters departed California for Camp Myles Standish in Massachusetts. It deployed for the European Theater of Operations (ETO) on 5 September 1944. Upon arrival at Cherbourg, France, III Corps, under the command of Major General John Millikin, was assigned to the Ninth Army, part of Lieutenant General Omar Bradley's U.S. 12th Army Group, and given the code name "CENTURY" which it retained throughout the war. The corps headquarters was established at Carteret, in Normandy, and for six weeks, the corps received and processed all the troops of the 12th Army Group arriving over the Normandy beaches during that period. The corps also participated in the "Red Ball Express" by organizing 45 provisional truck companies to carry fuel and ammunition for the units on the front lines.The corps was assigned to Lieutenant General George S. Patton's Third Army on 10 October 1944, and moved to Etain, near Verdun, and into combat. The corps' first fighting was for the Metz region, as it was moved to attack Fort Jeanne d'Arc, one of the last forts holding out in the region. That fort fell on 13 December 1944.Later that month on 16 December came the last German counteroffensive in the Battle of the Bulge, as over 250,000 German troops, supported by over 1,000 tanks and assault guns assaulted the lines of VIII Corps, some 40 miles to the north of III Corps. The next day Patton, the Third Army commander, warned III Corps that it would likely be ordered to assist. At that time the corps consisted of the 26th and 80th Infantry Divisions and the 4th Armored Division. III Corps was moved north to assist in the relief of Bastogne, Belgium, with the attack commencing at 04:00 on 22 December 1944. The corps advanced north, catching the German forces by surprise on their south flank, cutting them off. The 4th Armored Division was eventually able to reach Bastogne, where the 101st Airborne Division had been surrounded by German forces, and relieve it. During the first 10 days of this action, III Corps liberated more than 100 towns, including Bastogne. This operation was key in halting the German offensive and the eventual drive to the Rhine River.During the first four months of 1945, III Corps moved quickly to the offensive. On 25 February, the corps, now as part of the First Army, established a bridgehead over the Roer River, which, in turn, led to the capture of the Ludendorff Bridge at Remagen, on the Rhine River, on 7 March. On 30 March, the Edersee Dam was captured intact by Task Force Wolfe of the 7th Armored Division, and the corps, now commanded by Major General James Van Fleet after Millikin's relief, continued the attack to seize the Ruhr Pocket on 5 April 1945. In late April, III Corps reformed and launched a drive through Bavaria towards Austria. On 2 May 1945, III Corps was ordered to halt at the Inn River on the Austrian border, just days before V-E Day, when the German forces surrendered, bringing an end of World War II in Europe.
| 2 |
[
"III Armored Corps",
"conflict",
"Iraq War"
] |
21st century
In 2001, the corps was composed of the 1st Cavalry Division and the 4th Infantry Division as well as the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment and the 13th Corps Support Command. However, with realignment of the US Army and the return of several formations from Europe, the corps took command of the 1st Infantry Division and the 1st Armored Division as well, both of these units having been transferred from V Corps in Germany.
The corps headquarters saw its first combat deployment since the Second World War in 2004, when it deployed to Iraq for Operation Iraqi Freedom. There, III Corps headquarters assumed duties as Headquarters Multi-National Corps – Iraq, relieving V Corps. III Corps served as the administrative command for 2,500 soldiers of the Multi-National Force – Iraq command element, providing operational direction into 2005, when it was returned to Fort Hood, relieved by XVIII Airborne Corps. III Corps has for many years participated in an exchange program which sees a Canadian Army officer appointed as a deputy commanding general. Notably, Peter Devlin deployed with the corps to Iraq in 2005.
III Corps Artillery was inactivated on 8 September 2006. Henceforth the field artillery brigades, soon to become Fires Brigades, would be assigned to the corps and division headquarters directly.
| 8 |
[
"III Armored Corps",
"has subsidiary",
"504th Military Intelligence Brigade"
] |
III Corps, Fort Cavazos, Texas 1st Cavalry Division, Fort Cavazos, Texas (Operation Reforger Formation)
2nd Armored Division, Fort Cavazos, Texas (Operation Reforger Formation)
2nd Armored Division (Forward), Garlstedt, West Germany (as of 1978)
5th Infantry Division (Mechanized), Fort Polk, Louisiana (Operation Reforger Formation)
101st Airborne Division, Fort Campbell
III Corps Artillery, Fort Sill, Oklahoma
75th Field Artillery Brigade, Fort Sill, Oklahoma
212th Field Artillery Brigade, Fort Sill, Oklahoma (Operation Reforger Unit)
214th Field Artillery Brigade, Fort Sill, Oklahoma
3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment, Fort Bliss, Texas (Operation Reforger Unit)
6th Cavalry Brigade (Air Combat), Fort Cavazos, Texas
31st Air Defense Artillery Brigade, Fort Cavazos, Texas
89th Military Police Brigade, Fort Cavazos, Texas
3rd Signal Brigade (Corps), Fort Cavazos, Texas
504th Military Intelligence Brigade, Fort Cavazos, Texas
13th Corps Support Command, Fort Cavazos, Texas
| 14 |
[
"III Armored Corps",
"has subsidiary",
"75th Field Artillery Brigade"
] |
III Corps, Fort Cavazos, Texas 1st Cavalry Division, Fort Cavazos, Texas (Operation Reforger Formation)
2nd Armored Division, Fort Cavazos, Texas (Operation Reforger Formation)
2nd Armored Division (Forward), Garlstedt, West Germany (as of 1978)
5th Infantry Division (Mechanized), Fort Polk, Louisiana (Operation Reforger Formation)
101st Airborne Division, Fort Campbell
III Corps Artillery, Fort Sill, Oklahoma
75th Field Artillery Brigade, Fort Sill, Oklahoma
212th Field Artillery Brigade, Fort Sill, Oklahoma (Operation Reforger Unit)
214th Field Artillery Brigade, Fort Sill, Oklahoma
3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment, Fort Bliss, Texas (Operation Reforger Unit)
6th Cavalry Brigade (Air Combat), Fort Cavazos, Texas
31st Air Defense Artillery Brigade, Fort Cavazos, Texas
89th Military Police Brigade, Fort Cavazos, Texas
3rd Signal Brigade (Corps), Fort Cavazos, Texas
504th Military Intelligence Brigade, Fort Cavazos, Texas
13th Corps Support Command, Fort Cavazos, Texas
| 15 |
[
"XVIII Airborne Corps",
"country",
"United States of America"
] |
The XVIII Airborne Corps is a corps of the United States Army that has been in existence since 1942 and saw extensive service during World War II. The corps is designed for rapid deployment anywhere in the world and is referred to as "America's Contingency Corps." Its headquarters are at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.XVIII Airborne Corps returned to Fort Bragg in October 2022 after a nine month deployment to Germany, in support of NATO and European Allies and partners. The mission was to provide a joint task force-capable headquarters in light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
| 0 |
[
"XVIII Airborne Corps",
"conflict",
"World War II"
] |
The XVIII Airborne Corps is a corps of the United States Army that has been in existence since 1942 and saw extensive service during World War II. The corps is designed for rapid deployment anywhere in the world and is referred to as "America's Contingency Corps." Its headquarters are at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.XVIII Airborne Corps returned to Fort Bragg in October 2022 after a nine month deployment to Germany, in support of NATO and European Allies and partners. The mission was to provide a joint task force-capable headquarters in light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.History
World War II
The corps was first activated on 17 January 1942, five weeks after the entry of the United States into World War II, as the II Armored Corps at Camp Polk, Louisiana, under the command of Major General William Henry Harrison Morris, Jr. When the concept of armored corps proved unnecessary, II Armored Corps was re-designated as XVIII Corps on 9 October 1943 at the Presidio of Monterey, California.XVIII Corps deployed to Europe on 17 August 1944 and became the XVIII Airborne Corps on 25 August 1944 at Ogbourne St. George, England, assuming command of the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions, as part of the preparation for Operation Market Garden. Prior to this time, the two divisions were assigned to VII Corps and jumped into Normandy during Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Normandy, as part of VII Corps.Major General Matthew Bunker Ridgway, a highly professional, competent and experienced airborne commander who had led the 82nd Airborne Division in Sicily, Italy and Normandy, was chosen to command the corps, which then consisted of the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions and was part of the newly created First Allied Airborne Army.
The corps headquarters did not see service in Operation Market Garden, with the British I Airborne Corps being chosen instead to exercise operational command of all Allied airborne forces in the operation, including the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions.
Following the Battle of the Bulge, in which the corps played a significant part (and which, during the early stages of the battle, the corps was commanded by Major General James M. Gavin of the 82nd Airborne), all American airborne units on the Western Front fell under command of the corps. XVIII Airborne Corps planned and executed Operation Varsity, the airborne component of Operation Plunder, the crossing of the River Rhine into Germany. It was one of the largest airborne operations of the war, with the British 6th and U.S. 17th Airborne Divisions under command.After taking part in the Western Allied invasion of Germany, the XVIII Airborne Corps, still under Ridgway, returned to the United States in June 1945 and was initially to take part in the invasion of Japan, codenamed Operation Downfall. However, the Japanese surrendered just weeks later and XVIII Airborne Corps was inactivated on 15 October 1945 at Fort Campbell, Kentucky.
| 1 |
[
"XVIII Airborne Corps",
"has subsidiary",
"82nd Airborne Division"
] |
Current structure
XVIII Airborne Corps, Fort Bragg
3rd Infantry Division, Fort Stewart
10th Mountain Division, Fort Drum
82nd Airborne Division, Fort Bragg
101st Airborne Division, Fort Campbell
3rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), Fort Bragg
7th Transportation Brigade, Fort Eustis
16th Military Police Brigade, Fort Bragg
83rd Civil Affairs Battalion, Fort Bragg (Administratively assigned, operationally controlled by XVIII Airborne Corps)
18th Field Artillery Brigade, Fort Bragg
20th Engineer Brigade, Fort Bragg
35th Signal Brigade, Fort Gordon
44th Medical Brigade, Fort Bragg
525th Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade, Fort BraggOther supporting units:
| 2 |
[
"XVIII Airborne Corps",
"military branch",
"United States Army"
] |
The XVIII Airborne Corps is a corps of the United States Army that has been in existence since 1942 and saw extensive service during World War II. The corps is designed for rapid deployment anywhere in the world and is referred to as "America's Contingency Corps." Its headquarters are at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.XVIII Airborne Corps returned to Fort Bragg in October 2022 after a nine month deployment to Germany, in support of NATO and European Allies and partners. The mission was to provide a joint task force-capable headquarters in light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
| 3 |
[
"XVIII Airborne Corps",
"conflict",
"Gulf War"
] |
Desert Storm
In 1991, XVIII Airborne Corps participated in the Persian Gulf War. The corps was responsible for securing VII Corps' northern flank against a possible Iraqi counterattack. Along with the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions, 24th Infantry Division and 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment, XVIII Airborne Corps also gained operational control of the French 6th Light Armor Division (LAD) (which also included units from the French Foreign Legion).
During Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, XVIII Airborne Corps Artillery consisted of the 3d Battalion, 8th Field Artillery; 5th Battalion, 8th Field Artillery; and the 1st Battalion (Airborne), 39th Field Artillery. The living quarters for these three units were situated between the 82d Airborne Division and the Special Forces at Fort Bragg. Of the three units, only 1-39th was airborne qualified and served as the only fully airborne deployable 155 mm Field Artillery unit in history. The 1-39th FA and 3-8th FA were key components of the thrust into Iraq in the first Gulf War, providing fire support for the French Foreign Legion and the 82nd Airborne Division.
The 5th Battalion, 8th Field Artillery also served in a major support role for 82d and French troops during the Gulf War. It consisted of three individual batteries. Batteries A and B were Airborne-qualified, while Battery C was air assault. Batteries A and B were assigned to Fort Bragg, North Carolina and Battery C was assigned to Fort Campbell, Kentucky. All of the battalions were subsequently re-flagged during the years following the Gulf War.
Task Force 118 had flown the OH-58D Kiowa Warrior off naval vessels during Operation Prime Chance in the 1980s, operating against Iran in the Persian Gulf. It was redesignated the 4th Squadron, 17th Cavalry on 15 January 1991. During the Gulf War of 1991 it was part of the 18th Aviation Brigade.Notable members
John D. Altenburg, MG – Deputy Judge Advocate General of the U.S. Army.
Lloyd Austin, GEN — Commanding General of XVIII Airborne Corps, Commanding General of CENTCOM, 28th United States Secretary of Defense.
Ralph Eaton, BG – 82nd Airborne Division and XVIII Airborne Corps Chief of Staff.
Michael C. Flowers, BG – Commander, Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command.
Michael T. Flynn, LTG – 25th National Security Advisor, Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, and ISAF Commander.
Charles D. Gemar, LTC – US Astronaut.
Teresa King, SGM – First female Commandant of the U.S. Army Drill Sergeant Academy.
Gary Luck, GEN - Corps commander and later CG, USFK
Stanley A. McChrystal, GEN – ISAF Commander.
Raymond T. Odierno, GEN – 38th Army Chief of Staff.
James Peake, LTG – Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
David Petraeus, GEN – ISAF Commander and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
Matthew Ridgway, GEN - U.S. Army Chief of Staff
David M. Rodriguez, GEN – Commander, U.S. Africa Command and FORSCOM.
Arthur D. Simons, COL – Led the Son Tay raid during the Vietnam War.
Thomas Tackaberry, LTG - Veteran of World War II, Korea and Vietnam.
Michael Tomczyk, CPT – Computer entrepreneur and joint developer of the VIC-20.
Thomas R. Turner II, LTG – Commanding General of United States Army North.
James C. Yarbrough, BG – Commander, Joint Readiness Training Center at Fort Polk.
Wayne Eyre, GEN – Commander of the Canadian Army and Chief of Defence Staff.
| 4 |
[
"XVIII Airborne Corps",
"has subsidiary",
"101st Airborne Division"
] |
World War II units
1st Infantry Division — 26 January 1945 – 12 February 1945.
4th Infantry Division
8th Infantry Division — 26 January 1945 – 10 July 1945.
17th Airborne Division — 12 August 1944 – 1 January 1945; 15 February 1945 – 24 March 1945.
29th Infantry Division
30th Infantry Division — 21 December 1944 – 3 February 1945.
34th Infantry Division
75th Infantry Division — 29 December 1944 – 2 January 1945; 7 January 1945.
78th Infantry Division — 3 February 1945 – 12 February 1945.
82nd Airborne Division — 12 August 1944 – 17 September 1944; 19 December 1944 – 14 February 1945; 30 April 1945 – 3 January 1946.
84th Infantry Division — 20 December 1944 – 21 December 1944.
86th Infantry Division — 5 April 1945 – 22 April 1945.
89th Infantry Division
97th Infantry Division — 10 April 1945 – 22 April 1945.
101st Airborne Division — 12 August 1944 – 21 September 1944; 28 February 1945 – 1 April 1945.
106th Infantry Division — 20 December 1944 – 6 February 1945.
3rd Armored Division — 19 December 1944 – 23 December 1944.
5th Armored Division — 4 May 1945 – 10 October 1945.
7th Armored Division — 20 December 1944 – 29 January 1945; 30 April 1945 – 9 October 1945.
13th Armored Division — 10 April 1945 – 22 April 1945.Cold War
The Corps was reactivated at Fort Bragg on 21 May 1951 under the command of Major General John W. Leonard. Since then, the corps has been the primary strategic response force, with subordinate units participating in over a dozen major operations (listed below) in both combat and humanitarian roles, primarily in Central America and the CENTCOM area of responsibility.In 1958 the XVIII Airborne Corps was given the additional mission of becoming the Strategic Army Corps. The corps was now tasked, in addition, to provide a flexible strike capability that could deploy worldwide, on short notice, without a declaration of an emergency. The 4th Infantry Division at Fort Lewis, Washington, and the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, were designated as STRAC's first-line divisions, while the 1st Infantry Division at Fort Riley, Kansas, and the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg were to provide backup in the event of general war. The 5th Logistical Command (later inactivated), also at Fort Bragg, would provide the corps with logistics support, while Fort Bragg's XVIII Airborne Corps Artillery would control artillery units.The Corps deployed forces to the United States occupation of the Dominican Republic ('Operation Power Pack') in 1965.
The Corps deployed forces to the Vietnam War, including the entire 101st Airborne Division and the 3rd Brigade of the 82nd Airborne division.
In 1967 elements of the Corps were deployed to Detroit to suppress riots, and also to The Congo to support the government there and to rescue civilian hostages as part of Operation Dragon Rouge.
In 1982 the Corps first rotated elements to the Sinai Peninsula as part of the Multinational Force and Observers (UN) to guarantee the Camp David Peace Accords.
In 1983 elements of the Corps were deployed to the island of Grenada as part of Operation Urgent Fury, with the stated goal of reestablishing the democratically elected government.
In 1989 XVIII Airborne Corps, commanded by then LTG Carl Stiner, participated in the invasion of Panama in Operation Just Cause. Stiner served concurrently as Commander of Joint Task Force South.
| 6 |
[
"XVIII Airborne Corps",
"parent organization",
"United States Army Forces Command"
] |
The XVIII Airborne Corps is a corps of the United States Army that has been in existence since 1942 and saw extensive service during World War II. The corps is designed for rapid deployment anywhere in the world and is referred to as "America's Contingency Corps." Its headquarters are at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.XVIII Airborne Corps returned to Fort Bragg in October 2022 after a nine month deployment to Germany, in support of NATO and European Allies and partners. The mission was to provide a joint task force-capable headquarters in light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
| 8 |
[
"XVIII Airborne Corps",
"location",
"Fort Bragg"
] |
The XVIII Airborne Corps is a corps of the United States Army that has been in existence since 1942 and saw extensive service during World War II. The corps is designed for rapid deployment anywhere in the world and is referred to as "America's Contingency Corps." Its headquarters are at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.XVIII Airborne Corps returned to Fort Bragg in October 2022 after a nine month deployment to Germany, in support of NATO and European Allies and partners. The mission was to provide a joint task force-capable headquarters in light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
| 9 |
[
"XVIII Airborne Corps",
"has subsidiary",
"16th Military Police Brigade"
] |
Major formations, 1950–2006
The 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions have served with the corps since the 1950s. The 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized) was 'reflagged' as the 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized) in April 1996.
7th Infantry Division (Light)
10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry)
XVIII Airborne Corps Artillery
18th Field Artillery Brigade
1st Sustainment Command (Theater)
35th Signal Brigade
18th Aviation Brigade (no longer active)
20th Engineer Brigade
525th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade
108th Air Defense Artillery Brigade
16th Military Police Brigade
44th Medical Command
additional smaller, National Guard, and Reserve unitsCurrent structure
XVIII Airborne Corps, Fort Bragg
3rd Infantry Division, Fort Stewart
10th Mountain Division, Fort Drum
82nd Airborne Division, Fort Bragg
101st Airborne Division, Fort Campbell
3rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), Fort Bragg
7th Transportation Brigade, Fort Eustis
16th Military Police Brigade, Fort Bragg
83rd Civil Affairs Battalion, Fort Bragg (Administratively assigned, operationally controlled by XVIII Airborne Corps)
18th Field Artillery Brigade, Fort Bragg
20th Engineer Brigade, Fort Bragg
35th Signal Brigade, Fort Gordon
44th Medical Brigade, Fort Bragg
525th Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade, Fort BraggOther supporting units:
| 10 |
[
"XVIII Airborne Corps",
"has subsidiary",
"20th Engineer Brigade"
] |
Major formations, 1950–2006
The 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions have served with the corps since the 1950s. The 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized) was 'reflagged' as the 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized) in April 1996.
7th Infantry Division (Light)
10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry)
XVIII Airborne Corps Artillery
18th Field Artillery Brigade
1st Sustainment Command (Theater)
35th Signal Brigade
18th Aviation Brigade (no longer active)
20th Engineer Brigade
525th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade
108th Air Defense Artillery Brigade
16th Military Police Brigade
44th Medical Command
additional smaller, National Guard, and Reserve units
| 11 |
[
"XVIII Airborne Corps",
"has subsidiary",
"35th Signal Brigade"
] |
Major formations, 1950–2006
The 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions have served with the corps since the 1950s. The 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized) was 'reflagged' as the 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized) in April 1996.
7th Infantry Division (Light)
10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry)
XVIII Airborne Corps Artillery
18th Field Artillery Brigade
1st Sustainment Command (Theater)
35th Signal Brigade
18th Aviation Brigade (no longer active)
20th Engineer Brigade
525th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade
108th Air Defense Artillery Brigade
16th Military Police Brigade
44th Medical Command
additional smaller, National Guard, and Reserve units
| 12 |
[
"XVIII Airborne Corps",
"has subsidiary",
"18th Field Artillery Brigade"
] |
XVIII Airborne Corps, Fort Bragg, North CarolinaHeadquarters & Headquarters Company
18th Personnel Group
18th Finance Group
1st Battalion, 2nd Air Defense Artillery, Fort Stewart
10th Mountain Division (Light), Fort Drum, New York
24th Infantry Division (Mechanized), Fort Stewart, Georgia
82nd Airborne Division, Fort Bragg, North Carolina
101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Fort Campbell, Kentucky
XVIII Airborne Corps Artillery, Fort Bragg
18th Field Artillery Brigade (Airborne), Fort BraggHeadquarters & Headquarters Battery
3rd Battalion, 8th Field Artillery (24 × M198 155mm towed howitzer)
5th Battalion, 8th Field Artillery (24 × M198 155mm towed howitzer)
3rd Battalion, 27th Field Artillery (27 × M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System)
1st Battalion, 39th Field Artillery (Airborne) (24 × M198 155mm towed howitzer)
1st Field Artillery Detachment (Target Acquisition)
18th Aviation Brigade (Airborne), Fort Bragg
Headquarters & Headquarters Company
1st Battalion, 58th Aviation (Air Traffic Control)
1st Battalion, 159th Aviation (General Support)
2nd Battalion, 159th Aviation (Medium Lift)
3rd Battalion, 159th Aviation (Attack)
2nd Battalion, 229th Aviation (Attack) (former 2nd Battalion, 101st Aviation)
20th Engineer Brigade (Airborne), Fort Bragg27th Engineer Battalion (Airborne)
30th Engineer Battalion (Topographic)
37th Engineer Battalion (Airborne)
175th Engineer Company
264th Engineer Company (Bridge)
362nd Engineer Company
16th Military Police Brigade (Airborne), Fort Bragg
503rd Military Police Battalion (Airborne)
35th Signal Brigade (Airborne), Fort Bragg25th Signal Battalion (Corps Area)
50th Signal Battalion (Corps Command Operations) (Airborne)
327th Signal Battalion (Corps Radio)
426th Signal Battalion (Corps Area)
525th Military Intelligence Brigade (Airborne), Fort Bragg
224th Military Intelligence Battalion (Aerial Exploitation), Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia
319th Military Intelligence Battalion (Operations)
519th Military Intelligence Battalion (Tactical Exploitation) (Airborne)
1st Corps Support Command (Airborne), Fort Braggsubordination formations and unitsMajor formations, 1950–2006
The 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions have served with the corps since the 1950s. The 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized) was 'reflagged' as the 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized) in April 1996.
7th Infantry Division (Light)
10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry)
XVIII Airborne Corps Artillery
18th Field Artillery Brigade
1st Sustainment Command (Theater)
35th Signal Brigade
18th Aviation Brigade (no longer active)
20th Engineer Brigade
525th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade
108th Air Defense Artillery Brigade
16th Military Police Brigade
44th Medical Command
additional smaller, National Guard, and Reserve unitsCurrent structure
XVIII Airborne Corps, Fort Bragg
3rd Infantry Division, Fort Stewart
10th Mountain Division, Fort Drum
82nd Airborne Division, Fort Bragg
101st Airborne Division, Fort Campbell
3rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), Fort Bragg
7th Transportation Brigade, Fort Eustis
16th Military Police Brigade, Fort Bragg
83rd Civil Affairs Battalion, Fort Bragg (Administratively assigned, operationally controlled by XVIII Airborne Corps)
18th Field Artillery Brigade, Fort Bragg
20th Engineer Brigade, Fort Bragg
35th Signal Brigade, Fort Gordon
44th Medical Brigade, Fort Bragg
525th Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade, Fort BraggOther supporting units:
| 18 |
[
"XVIII Airborne Corps",
"conflict",
"Operation Inherent Resolve"
] |
21st century
The Corps headquarters was deployed to Afghanistan from May 2002 – 2003, and became Combined Joint Task Force 180 for the deployment.
XVIII Airborne Corps was deployed from January 2005 to January 2006 to Baghdad, Iraq, where it served as the Multi-National Corps – Iraq. Following its return, XVIII Airborne Corps and its subordinate units began the process of modernization and reorganization.
Under the previous Army Chief of Staff's future restructure of the Army, the corps headquarters of the XVIII Airborne Corps will lose its airborne (specifically parachute) certification as a cost-cutting measure—the same will occur to the divisional headquarters of the 82nd Airborne Division. This plan is designed to follow the U.S. Army's restructuring plan to go from being division-based to brigade-based. This will mean that the largest units that will be airborne – specifically parachute certified – will be at the brigade level. Even so, for traditional and historical reasons, the formation will continue to be called the XVIII Airborne Corps.
The divisions that fall under the XVIII Airborne Corps (as well as the other two corps in the Army) are in a period of transition, shifting from corps control to fall directly under FORSCOM, eliminating the corps status as a middle man. This ties in with the Army's broad modularity plan, as a corps can deploy and support any unit, not just the units subordinate to the corps. The 3d Infantry Division, the 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry), and the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) have already changed over to direct FORSCOM control. The 82nd Airborne Division will transfer after the division returns from Afghanistan.
In August 2006, XVIII Airborne Corps traveled to South Korea to participate in Ulchi Focus Lens, a joint training exercise between the Republic of Korea Army and coalition forces stationed there.In mid-April, 2007, the Department of the Army confirmed the next OIF deployment schedule, with XVIII Airborne Corps deploying to relieve III Corps as the MNC-I at Camp Victory, Baghdad, Iraq. XVIII Airborne Corps is scheduled to replace III Corps in November, 2007. The corps will deploy along with 1st Armored Division and 4th Infantry Division, as well as 1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division, and 1st BCT, 82nd Airborne Division.On 21 December 2016, Stars and Stripes reported that in August the XVIII Airborne Corps deployed to Iraq for Operation Inherent Resolve, in December this included the XVIII Airborne Corps headquarters and the 1st Special Forces Command, which is deployed as the Special Operations Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve. The 18th Field Artillery Brigade deployed into Iraq with High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems.A Canadian Army General has served with the XVIII Corps since 2007.
| 19 |
[
"XVIII Airborne Corps",
"instance of",
"Airborne Corps"
] |
The XVIII Airborne Corps is a corps of the United States Army that has been in existence since 1942 and saw extensive service during World War II. The corps is designed for rapid deployment anywhere in the world and is referred to as "America's Contingency Corps." Its headquarters are at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.XVIII Airborne Corps returned to Fort Bragg in October 2022 after a nine month deployment to Germany, in support of NATO and European Allies and partners. The mission was to provide a joint task force-capable headquarters in light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.History
World War II
The corps was first activated on 17 January 1942, five weeks after the entry of the United States into World War II, as the II Armored Corps at Camp Polk, Louisiana, under the command of Major General William Henry Harrison Morris, Jr. When the concept of armored corps proved unnecessary, II Armored Corps was re-designated as XVIII Corps on 9 October 1943 at the Presidio of Monterey, California.XVIII Corps deployed to Europe on 17 August 1944 and became the XVIII Airborne Corps on 25 August 1944 at Ogbourne St. George, England, assuming command of the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions, as part of the preparation for Operation Market Garden. Prior to this time, the two divisions were assigned to VII Corps and jumped into Normandy during Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Normandy, as part of VII Corps.Major General Matthew Bunker Ridgway, a highly professional, competent and experienced airborne commander who had led the 82nd Airborne Division in Sicily, Italy and Normandy, was chosen to command the corps, which then consisted of the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions and was part of the newly created First Allied Airborne Army.
The corps headquarters did not see service in Operation Market Garden, with the British I Airborne Corps being chosen instead to exercise operational command of all Allied airborne forces in the operation, including the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions.
Following the Battle of the Bulge, in which the corps played a significant part (and which, during the early stages of the battle, the corps was commanded by Major General James M. Gavin of the 82nd Airborne), all American airborne units on the Western Front fell under command of the corps. XVIII Airborne Corps planned and executed Operation Varsity, the airborne component of Operation Plunder, the crossing of the River Rhine into Germany. It was one of the largest airborne operations of the war, with the British 6th and U.S. 17th Airborne Divisions under command.After taking part in the Western Allied invasion of Germany, the XVIII Airborne Corps, still under Ridgway, returned to the United States in June 1945 and was initially to take part in the invasion of Japan, codenamed Operation Downfall. However, the Japanese surrendered just weeks later and XVIII Airborne Corps was inactivated on 15 October 1945 at Fort Campbell, Kentucky.XVIII Airborne Corps, Fort Bragg, North CarolinaHeadquarters & Headquarters Company
18th Personnel Group
18th Finance Group
1st Battalion, 2nd Air Defense Artillery, Fort Stewart
10th Mountain Division (Light), Fort Drum, New York
24th Infantry Division (Mechanized), Fort Stewart, Georgia
82nd Airborne Division, Fort Bragg, North Carolina
101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Fort Campbell, Kentucky
XVIII Airborne Corps Artillery, Fort Bragg
18th Field Artillery Brigade (Airborne), Fort BraggHeadquarters & Headquarters Battery
3rd Battalion, 8th Field Artillery (24 × M198 155mm towed howitzer)
5th Battalion, 8th Field Artillery (24 × M198 155mm towed howitzer)
3rd Battalion, 27th Field Artillery (27 × M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System)
1st Battalion, 39th Field Artillery (Airborne) (24 × M198 155mm towed howitzer)
1st Field Artillery Detachment (Target Acquisition)
18th Aviation Brigade (Airborne), Fort Bragg
Headquarters & Headquarters Company
1st Battalion, 58th Aviation (Air Traffic Control)
1st Battalion, 159th Aviation (General Support)
2nd Battalion, 159th Aviation (Medium Lift)
3rd Battalion, 159th Aviation (Attack)
2nd Battalion, 229th Aviation (Attack) (former 2nd Battalion, 101st Aviation)
20th Engineer Brigade (Airborne), Fort Bragg27th Engineer Battalion (Airborne)
30th Engineer Battalion (Topographic)
37th Engineer Battalion (Airborne)
175th Engineer Company
264th Engineer Company (Bridge)
362nd Engineer Company
16th Military Police Brigade (Airborne), Fort Bragg
503rd Military Police Battalion (Airborne)
35th Signal Brigade (Airborne), Fort Bragg25th Signal Battalion (Corps Area)
50th Signal Battalion (Corps Command Operations) (Airborne)
327th Signal Battalion (Corps Radio)
426th Signal Battalion (Corps Area)
525th Military Intelligence Brigade (Airborne), Fort Bragg
224th Military Intelligence Battalion (Aerial Exploitation), Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia
319th Military Intelligence Battalion (Operations)
519th Military Intelligence Battalion (Tactical Exploitation) (Airborne)
1st Corps Support Command (Airborne), Fort Braggsubordination formations and units
| 22 |
[
"XVIII Airborne Corps",
"instance of",
"United States Army Corps"
] |
The XVIII Airborne Corps is a corps of the United States Army that has been in existence since 1942 and saw extensive service during World War II. The corps is designed for rapid deployment anywhere in the world and is referred to as "America's Contingency Corps." Its headquarters are at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.XVIII Airborne Corps returned to Fort Bragg in October 2022 after a nine month deployment to Germany, in support of NATO and European Allies and partners. The mission was to provide a joint task force-capable headquarters in light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
| 23 |
[
"Filmauro",
"product or material produced",
"film"
] |
Filmauro is an Italian media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of films, founded in 1975 by Luigi De Laurentiis.
The company catalogue counts over 400 movies. The company also owns a series of movie theaters in Rome, Italy, and the Serie A football club, SSC Napoli.
They produced the successful annual Cinepanettone films.
| 4 |
[
"Filmauro",
"owned by",
"Aurelio De Laurentiis"
] |
Filmauro is an Italian media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of films, founded in 1975 by Luigi De Laurentiis.
The company catalogue counts over 400 movies. The company also owns a series of movie theaters in Rome, Italy, and the Serie A football club, SSC Napoli.
They produced the successful annual Cinepanettone films.
| 5 |
[
"Filmauro",
"industry",
"film industry"
] |
Filmauro is an Italian media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of films, founded in 1975 by Luigi De Laurentiis.
The company catalogue counts over 400 movies. The company also owns a series of movie theaters in Rome, Italy, and the Serie A football club, SSC Napoli.
They produced the successful annual Cinepanettone films.
| 6 |
[
"Filmauro",
"instance of",
"business"
] |
Filmauro is an Italian media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of films, founded in 1975 by Luigi De Laurentiis.
The company catalogue counts over 400 movies. The company also owns a series of movie theaters in Rome, Italy, and the Serie A football club, SSC Napoli.
They produced the successful annual Cinepanettone films.External links
Filmauro Corporate page
| 7 |
[
"City Football Group",
"country",
"United Kingdom"
] |
City Football Group Limited (CFG) is a British-based holding company that administers association football clubs. The group is owned by three organisations; of which 81% is majority owned by Abu Dhabi United Group, 18% by the American firm Silver Lake, and 1% by Chinese firms China Media Capital and CITIC Capital.The group derives its name from Manchester City F.C., its flagship football club and acts as the club's parent company. CFG also owns stakes in clubs in the United States, Australia, India, Japan, Spain, Brazil, Uruguay, China, Belgium, France and Italy.
| 0 |
[
"City Football Group",
"has subsidiary",
"Manchester City F.C."
] |
City Football Group Limited (CFG) is a British-based holding company that administers association football clubs. The group is owned by three organisations; of which 81% is majority owned by Abu Dhabi United Group, 18% by the American firm Silver Lake, and 1% by Chinese firms China Media Capital and CITIC Capital.The group derives its name from Manchester City F.C., its flagship football club and acts as the club's parent company. CFG also owns stakes in clubs in the United States, Australia, India, Japan, Spain, Brazil, Uruguay, China, Belgium, France and Italy.
| 3 |
[
"City Football Group",
"field of work",
"entertainment"
] |
City Football Group Limited (CFG) is a British-based holding company that administers association football clubs. The group is owned by three organisations; of which 81% is majority owned by Abu Dhabi United Group, 18% by the American firm Silver Lake, and 1% by Chinese firms China Media Capital and CITIC Capital.The group derives its name from Manchester City F.C., its flagship football club and acts as the club's parent company. CFG also owns stakes in clubs in the United States, Australia, India, Japan, Spain, Brazil, Uruguay, China, Belgium, France and Italy.
| 4 |
[
"City Football Group",
"instance of",
"business"
] |
City Football Group Limited (CFG) is a British-based holding company that administers association football clubs. The group is owned by three organisations; of which 81% is majority owned by Abu Dhabi United Group, 18% by the American firm Silver Lake, and 1% by Chinese firms China Media Capital and CITIC Capital.The group derives its name from Manchester City F.C., its flagship football club and acts as the club's parent company. CFG also owns stakes in clubs in the United States, Australia, India, Japan, Spain, Brazil, Uruguay, China, Belgium, France and Italy.
| 10 |
[
"City Football Group",
"instance of",
"enterprise"
] |
City Football Group Limited (CFG) is a British-based holding company that administers association football clubs. The group is owned by three organisations; of which 81% is majority owned by Abu Dhabi United Group, 18% by the American firm Silver Lake, and 1% by Chinese firms China Media Capital and CITIC Capital.The group derives its name from Manchester City F.C., its flagship football club and acts as the club's parent company. CFG also owns stakes in clubs in the United States, Australia, India, Japan, Spain, Brazil, Uruguay, China, Belgium, France and Italy.
| 11 |
[
"City Football Group",
"owned by",
"Abu Dhabi United Group"
] |
City Football Group Limited (CFG) is a British-based holding company that administers association football clubs. The group is owned by three organisations; of which 81% is majority owned by Abu Dhabi United Group, 18% by the American firm Silver Lake, and 1% by Chinese firms China Media Capital and CITIC Capital.The group derives its name from Manchester City F.C., its flagship football club and acts as the club's parent company. CFG also owns stakes in clubs in the United States, Australia, India, Japan, Spain, Brazil, Uruguay, China, Belgium, France and Italy.
| 14 |
[
"City Football Group",
"parent organization",
"Abu Dhabi United Group"
] |
City Football Group Limited (CFG) is a British-based holding company that administers association football clubs. The group is owned by three organisations; of which 81% is majority owned by Abu Dhabi United Group, 18% by the American firm Silver Lake, and 1% by Chinese firms China Media Capital and CITIC Capital.The group derives its name from Manchester City F.C., its flagship football club and acts as the club's parent company. CFG also owns stakes in clubs in the United States, Australia, India, Japan, Spain, Brazil, Uruguay, China, Belgium, France and Italy.
| 15 |
[
"City Football Group",
"legal form",
"private limited company"
] |
City Football Group Limited (CFG) is a British-based holding company that administers association football clubs. The group is owned by three organisations; of which 81% is majority owned by Abu Dhabi United Group, 18% by the American firm Silver Lake, and 1% by Chinese firms China Media Capital and CITIC Capital.The group derives its name from Manchester City F.C., its flagship football club and acts as the club's parent company. CFG also owns stakes in clubs in the United States, Australia, India, Japan, Spain, Brazil, Uruguay, China, Belgium, France and Italy.
| 16 |
[
"Maurice Lacroix",
"country",
"Switzerland"
] |
Maurice Lacroix is a Swiss luxury watchmaker based in the Canton of Jura and headquartered in Zürich.History
Maurice Lacroix was founded as part of Desco von Schulthess of Zürich in 1975. Founded in 1889, Desco von Schulthess (Desco) is an older company with roots in the silk trade. Since 1946, Desco has also been a representative for luxury watches including Audemars Piguet, Heuer, Eterna, and Jaeger-LeCoultre. Over the years, Desco became more interested in the watch business, and in 1961 Desco acquired an assembly facility named Tiara in Saignelégier, in the Swiss Canton of Jura. There it produced private label watches for third parties. In 1975, Desco started marketing watches under the brand name Maurice Lacroix. There was a member on the board of Desco von Schulthess, parent & founding company of Maurice Lacroix, who was named Mr. Lacroix.
By 1980, Maurice Lacroix had become so successful that the facility in Saignelégier ceased production for third parties. In 1989 Maurice Lacroix acquired the casemaker Queloz S.A., also based in Saignelégier. This ability to produce watch cases in-house makes Maurice Lacroix unusual compared to other luxury watch companies.
During the 1990s, Maurice Lacroix experienced a "rocket-like ascent" with the launch of their high end "Les Mécaniques" line, later renamed the "Masterpiece" line. During this time, the company elevated itself to the high ranks of Swiss watch manufactures, by both maintaining traditional 'Swiss watch-making art' and by creating their own movements for its Masterpiece Collection.As of 2010, Maurice Lacroix, has a total of approximately 220 employees worldwide, and is represented in around 4,000 shops in more than 60 countries all over the world.
| 0 |
[
"Maurice Lacroix",
"headquarters location",
"Zürich"
] |
Maurice Lacroix is a Swiss luxury watchmaker based in the Canton of Jura and headquartered in Zürich.
| 1 |
[
"Maurice Lacroix",
"industry",
"horology"
] |
Maurice Lacroix is a Swiss luxury watchmaker based in the Canton of Jura and headquartered in Zürich.History
Maurice Lacroix was founded as part of Desco von Schulthess of Zürich in 1975. Founded in 1889, Desco von Schulthess (Desco) is an older company with roots in the silk trade. Since 1946, Desco has also been a representative for luxury watches including Audemars Piguet, Heuer, Eterna, and Jaeger-LeCoultre. Over the years, Desco became more interested in the watch business, and in 1961 Desco acquired an assembly facility named Tiara in Saignelégier, in the Swiss Canton of Jura. There it produced private label watches for third parties. In 1975, Desco started marketing watches under the brand name Maurice Lacroix. There was a member on the board of Desco von Schulthess, parent & founding company of Maurice Lacroix, who was named Mr. Lacroix.
By 1980, Maurice Lacroix had become so successful that the facility in Saignelégier ceased production for third parties. In 1989 Maurice Lacroix acquired the casemaker Queloz S.A., also based in Saignelégier. This ability to produce watch cases in-house makes Maurice Lacroix unusual compared to other luxury watch companies.
During the 1990s, Maurice Lacroix experienced a "rocket-like ascent" with the launch of their high end "Les Mécaniques" line, later renamed the "Masterpiece" line. During this time, the company elevated itself to the high ranks of Swiss watch manufactures, by both maintaining traditional 'Swiss watch-making art' and by creating their own movements for its Masterpiece Collection.As of 2010, Maurice Lacroix, has a total of approximately 220 employees worldwide, and is represented in around 4,000 shops in more than 60 countries all over the world.
| 3 |
[
"Maurice Lacroix",
"instance of",
"business"
] |
Maurice Lacroix is a Swiss luxury watchmaker based in the Canton of Jura and headquartered in Zürich.History
Maurice Lacroix was founded as part of Desco von Schulthess of Zürich in 1975. Founded in 1889, Desco von Schulthess (Desco) is an older company with roots in the silk trade. Since 1946, Desco has also been a representative for luxury watches including Audemars Piguet, Heuer, Eterna, and Jaeger-LeCoultre. Over the years, Desco became more interested in the watch business, and in 1961 Desco acquired an assembly facility named Tiara in Saignelégier, in the Swiss Canton of Jura. There it produced private label watches for third parties. In 1975, Desco started marketing watches under the brand name Maurice Lacroix. There was a member on the board of Desco von Schulthess, parent & founding company of Maurice Lacroix, who was named Mr. Lacroix.
By 1980, Maurice Lacroix had become so successful that the facility in Saignelégier ceased production for third parties. In 1989 Maurice Lacroix acquired the casemaker Queloz S.A., also based in Saignelégier. This ability to produce watch cases in-house makes Maurice Lacroix unusual compared to other luxury watch companies.
During the 1990s, Maurice Lacroix experienced a "rocket-like ascent" with the launch of their high end "Les Mécaniques" line, later renamed the "Masterpiece" line. During this time, the company elevated itself to the high ranks of Swiss watch manufactures, by both maintaining traditional 'Swiss watch-making art' and by creating their own movements for its Masterpiece Collection.As of 2010, Maurice Lacroix, has a total of approximately 220 employees worldwide, and is represented in around 4,000 shops in more than 60 countries all over the world.
| 6 |
[
"Beretta Holding",
"headquarters location",
"Gardone Val Trompia"
] |
Subsidiaries
Europe
Gardone Val Trompia is Beretta Holding's headquarters, and also the headquarters for the Fabbrica d’Armi Pietro Beretta company, as well as for Italian replica firearms company A. Uberti. Beretta Holding also holds two other Italian companies, Benelli Armi in Urbino and Meccanica Del Sarca in Pietramurata, Trentino.In addition to its operations in Italy, Beretta holds several European companies, including Beretta Hellas in Athens, Espingardaria Belga in Lisbon, Holland & Holland in London, and Beretta Benelli Iberica in Trespuentes, Spain. Beretta has three subsidiaries in France, Chapuis Armes in Saint-Bonnet-le-Château and Humbert CTTS in Veauche, along with Cougar France which operates the Beretta Gallery retail store in Paris. Beretta has one Swiss subsidiary, Outdoor Enterprise in Muralto, and two in Germany, Manfred Alberts GmbH in Wiehl-Bielstein and Steiner-Optik GmbH in Bayreuth. In northern Europe, Beretta has the Finnish firearms manufacturer SAKO as well as UK distributor GMK Ltd, which owns the Beretta Gallery in London.
| 3 |
[
"Beretta Holding",
"location of formation",
"Gardone Val Trompia"
] |
Beretta Holding is headquartered in Gardone Val Trompia near Brescia, Italy. It is an Italian holding company for the Italian industrial group and holds direct or indirect participation in 26 companies. The eponymous company is managed by fifteenth-generation descendants of Maestro Bartolomeo Beretta, progenitor of a firearms manufacturing dynasty.Subsidiaries
Europe
Gardone Val Trompia is Beretta Holding's headquarters, and also the headquarters for the Fabbrica d’Armi Pietro Beretta company, as well as for Italian replica firearms company A. Uberti. Beretta Holding also holds two other Italian companies, Benelli Armi in Urbino and Meccanica Del Sarca in Pietramurata, Trentino.In addition to its operations in Italy, Beretta holds several European companies, including Beretta Hellas in Athens, Espingardaria Belga in Lisbon, Holland & Holland in London, and Beretta Benelli Iberica in Trespuentes, Spain. Beretta has three subsidiaries in France, Chapuis Armes in Saint-Bonnet-le-Château and Humbert CTTS in Veauche, along with Cougar France which operates the Beretta Gallery retail store in Paris. Beretta has one Swiss subsidiary, Outdoor Enterprise in Muralto, and two in Germany, Manfred Alberts GmbH in Wiehl-Bielstein and Steiner-Optik GmbH in Bayreuth. In northern Europe, Beretta has the Finnish firearms manufacturer SAKO as well as UK distributor GMK Ltd, which owns the Beretta Gallery in London.
| 4 |
[
"Beretta Holding",
"legal form",
"joint-stock company"
] |
Beretta Holding is headquartered in Gardone Val Trompia near Brescia, Italy. It is an Italian holding company for the Italian industrial group and holds direct or indirect participation in 26 companies. The eponymous company is managed by fifteenth-generation descendants of Maestro Bartolomeo Beretta, progenitor of a firearms manufacturing dynasty.
| 5 |
[
"Beretta Holding",
"instance of",
"commercial organization"
] |
Beretta Holding is headquartered in Gardone Val Trompia near Brescia, Italy. It is an Italian holding company for the Italian industrial group and holds direct or indirect participation in 26 companies. The eponymous company is managed by fifteenth-generation descendants of Maestro Bartolomeo Beretta, progenitor of a firearms manufacturing dynasty.Subsidiaries
Europe
Gardone Val Trompia is Beretta Holding's headquarters, and also the headquarters for the Fabbrica d’Armi Pietro Beretta company, as well as for Italian replica firearms company A. Uberti. Beretta Holding also holds two other Italian companies, Benelli Armi in Urbino and Meccanica Del Sarca in Pietramurata, Trentino.In addition to its operations in Italy, Beretta holds several European companies, including Beretta Hellas in Athens, Espingardaria Belga in Lisbon, Holland & Holland in London, and Beretta Benelli Iberica in Trespuentes, Spain. Beretta has three subsidiaries in France, Chapuis Armes in Saint-Bonnet-le-Château and Humbert CTTS in Veauche, along with Cougar France which operates the Beretta Gallery retail store in Paris. Beretta has one Swiss subsidiary, Outdoor Enterprise in Muralto, and two in Germany, Manfred Alberts GmbH in Wiehl-Bielstein and Steiner-Optik GmbH in Bayreuth. In northern Europe, Beretta has the Finnish firearms manufacturer SAKO as well as UK distributor GMK Ltd, which owns the Beretta Gallery in London.
| 11 |
[
"University of Lyon",
"instance of",
"Group of universities and institutions (France)"
] |
Members
Claude Bernard University Lyon 1
Lumière University Lyon 2
Jean Moulin University Lyon 3
Jean Monnet University
École Normale Supérieure de Lyon
École centrale de Lyon
École nationale des travaux publics de l'État (ENTPE)
INSA Lyon
Institut d'études politiques de Lyon
VetAgro Sup (previously École Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon)
École nationale d'ingénieurs de Saint-Étienne, (ENISE)
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
| 24 |
[
"SABMiller",
"location of formation",
"Johannesburg"
] |
SABMiller plc was a South African multinational brewing and beverage company headquartered in Woking, England on the outskirts of London until 10 October 2016 when it was acquired by AB InBev. Prior to that date, it was the world's second-largest brewer measured by revenues (after Anheuser-Busch InBev) and was also a major bottler of Coca-Cola. Its brands included Foster's, Miller, and Pilsner Urquell. It operated in 80 countries worldwide and in 2009 sold around 21 billion litres of beverages. Since 10 October 2016, SABMiller is a business division of AB InBev, a Belgian multinational corporation with headquarters in Leuven.SABMiller was founded as South African Breweries in 1895 to serve a growing market of miners and prospectors in and around Johannesburg. Two years later, it became the first industrial company to list on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. From the early 1990s onwards, the company increasingly expanded internationally, making several acquisitions in both emerging and developed markets. In 1999, it formed a new UK-based holding company, SAB plc, and moved its primary listing to London. In May 2002, SAB plc acquired Miller Brewing, forming SABMiller plc.
The acquisition of SABMiller by Anheuser-Busch InBev on 10 October 2016 ended the corporate use of the name SABMiller; this entity became a business division of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV. Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV (abbreviated as AB InBev) began trading on the Brussels Stock Exchange as ABI, as BUD on the New York stock exchange and as ANH on the Johannesburg market. SABMiller ceased trading on global stock marketsThe company divested itself of its interests in the MillerCoors beer company to Molson Coors. On 21 December 2016, the company agreed to sell the former SABMiller Ltd. business in Eastern Europe to Asahi Breweries. AB InBev had previously agreed to sell Grolsch Brewery, Peroni Brewery and Meantime Brewery to Asahi; that deal closed on 12 October 2016. On the same day, the sale of SABMiller's 49 percent share in the world's largest volume beer brand, Snow beer to China Resources Enterprise was also closed.Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV is also selling much of an SABMiller's subsidiary that was bottling and distributing Coca-Cola to the Coca-Cola Company. The affected regions include Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Swaziland, Lesotho, El Salvador and Honduras.Companies such as South African Breweries and Carlton & United Brewing that were subsidiaries of SABMiller, and were not sold after SABMiller was acquired by Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, are now subsidiaries of AB InBev. CUB was sold to Asahi in July 2020.
| 4 |
[
"SABMiller",
"owned by",
"Anheuser-Busch InBev"
] |
Australia
In September 2011, the board of Foster's Group agreed to a takeover bid by SABMiller, valuing the company at A$9.9bn (US$10.2bn; £6.5bn). The Foster's Group, now known as Carlton & United Brewing was a direct subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV until July 2020 when it was sold to Asahi Global.
Brands include:
Carlton Draught, Cascade Draught (see Cascade Brewery), Foster's Lager, Melbourne Bitter, Pure Blonde, Victoria Bitter, and the Matilda Bay Brewing Company portfolio.
| 9 |
[
"SABMiller",
"parent organization",
"Anheuser-Busch InBev"
] |
SABMiller plc was a South African multinational brewing and beverage company headquartered in Woking, England on the outskirts of London until 10 October 2016 when it was acquired by AB InBev. Prior to that date, it was the world's second-largest brewer measured by revenues (after Anheuser-Busch InBev) and was also a major bottler of Coca-Cola. Its brands included Foster's, Miller, and Pilsner Urquell. It operated in 80 countries worldwide and in 2009 sold around 21 billion litres of beverages. Since 10 October 2016, SABMiller is a business division of AB InBev, a Belgian multinational corporation with headquarters in Leuven.SABMiller was founded as South African Breweries in 1895 to serve a growing market of miners and prospectors in and around Johannesburg. Two years later, it became the first industrial company to list on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. From the early 1990s onwards, the company increasingly expanded internationally, making several acquisitions in both emerging and developed markets. In 1999, it formed a new UK-based holding company, SAB plc, and moved its primary listing to London. In May 2002, SAB plc acquired Miller Brewing, forming SABMiller plc.
The acquisition of SABMiller by Anheuser-Busch InBev on 10 October 2016 ended the corporate use of the name SABMiller; this entity became a business division of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV. Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV (abbreviated as AB InBev) began trading on the Brussels Stock Exchange as ABI, as BUD on the New York stock exchange and as ANH on the Johannesburg market. SABMiller ceased trading on global stock marketsThe company divested itself of its interests in the MillerCoors beer company to Molson Coors. On 21 December 2016, the company agreed to sell the former SABMiller Ltd. business in Eastern Europe to Asahi Breweries. AB InBev had previously agreed to sell Grolsch Brewery, Peroni Brewery and Meantime Brewery to Asahi; that deal closed on 12 October 2016. On the same day, the sale of SABMiller's 49 percent share in the world's largest volume beer brand, Snow beer to China Resources Enterprise was also closed.Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV is also selling much of an SABMiller's subsidiary that was bottling and distributing Coca-Cola to the Coca-Cola Company. The affected regions include Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Swaziland, Lesotho, El Salvador and Honduras.Companies such as South African Breweries and Carlton & United Brewing that were subsidiaries of SABMiller, and were not sold after SABMiller was acquired by Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, are now subsidiaries of AB InBev. CUB was sold to Asahi in July 2020.
| 11 |
[
"SABMiller",
"owner of",
"South African Breweries"
] |
Pre-acquisition history
The origins of the company date back to the foundation of South African Breweries in 1895 in South Africa. For many decades, the operations of South African Breweries were mainly limited to southern Africa, where it had established a dominant position in the market during South African Apartheid, until 1990 when it began investing in Europe.In 1999, after listing on the London Stock Exchange to raise capital for acquisitions, the group purchased the Miller Brewing Company in North America from the Altria Group in 2002, and changed its name to SABMiller.Following this, the group's next major acquisition was of a major interest in Bavaria S. A., South America's second largest brewer and owner of the Aguila and Club Colombia brands in 2005.In 2008, SABMiller and Molson Coors created MillerCoors, a joint venture to produce beverages in the United States.
The company became engaged in the hostile takeover of Fosters in August 2011, and in September 2011 the board of Foster's agreed to a takeover bid valuing the company at A$9.9bn (US$10.2bn; £6.5bn). The deal was completed by the end of 2011, but excluded the Foster's lager brand in the UK and Europe, where it is owned by Heineken.In November 2011, SABMiller launched Impala Cervejas in Africa, the first commercially produced cassava beer, although Africans have been making cassava home brews for generations. The taste is described as "somewhat bitter, somewhat tangy, not sweet".In 2013, the company joined leading alcohol producers as part of a producers' commitments to reducing harmful drinking.In July 2014, the company announced it was divesting its 39.6 percent stake in casino and hotel group Tsogo Sun Holdings Limited through institutional share placements and a partial buy-back from Tsogo Sun. SABMiller's stake at the time was valued at approximately ZAR11.7 billion (US$1.09 billion).In September 2014, the company made an unsuccessful attempt to acquire a controlling stake in Dutch rival Heineken International, a move Bloomberg states was part of SABMiller's strategy to protect itself from a potential takeover bid from Anheuser-Busch InBev.On 27 November 2014, it was announced that SABMiller, The Coca-Cola Company and Gutsche Family Investments had agreed to combine the bottling operations of their non-alcoholic ready-to-drink beverages businesses in southern and east Africa. The new bottler, Coca-Cola Beverages Africa, will serve 12 high-growth countries accounting for approximately 40 percent of all Coca-Cola beverage volumes in Africa. SABMiller will hold 57 percent shareholding in the proposed venture.In May 2015, SABMiller announced it would acquire British brewery company Meantime Brewing for an undisclosed fee.
| 28 |
[
"AB InBev",
"owner of",
"Oriental Brewery"
] |
Oriental Brewery
On 1 April 2014, AB Inbev completed the re-acquisition of the Oriental Brewery (OB), which it had sold in July 2009. OB is the largest brewer in South Korea. Its CASS brand is the best-selling beer in South Korea. All beers produced by OB are brewed using rice.
| 12 |
[
"Amilcar",
"headquarters location",
"Saint-Denis"
] |
History
Foundation and location
Amilcar was founded in July 1921 by Joseph Lamy and Emile Akar. The name "Amilcar" was an imperfect anagram of the partners' names. The business was established at 34 rue du Chemin-Vert in the 11th arrondissement of Paris. However, Amilcar quickly outgrew their restricted city-centre premises, and during the middle part of 1924 the company relocated to Saint-Denis on the northern edge of the city.
| 2 |
[
"Amilcar",
"founded by",
"Joseph Lamy"
] |
History
Foundation and location
Amilcar was founded in July 1921 by Joseph Lamy and Emile Akar. The name "Amilcar" was an imperfect anagram of the partners' names. The business was established at 34 rue du Chemin-Vert in the 11th arrondissement of Paris. However, Amilcar quickly outgrew their restricted city-centre premises, and during the middle part of 1924 the company relocated to Saint-Denis on the northern edge of the city.
| 4 |
[
"PSA Group",
"founded by",
"Peugeot"
] |
History
Citroën acquisition
In December 1974, Peugeot S.A. acquired a 38.2% share of Citroën. On 9 April 1976 they increased their stake of the then bankrupt company to 89.95%, thus creating the PSA Group (where PSA is short for Peugeot Société Anonyme), becoming PSA Peugeot Citroën. Since Citroën had two successful new designs in the market at this time (the GS and CX) and Peugeot was typically prudent in its own finances, the PSA venture was a financial success from 1976 to 1979.PSA PowerTrain (formerly Peugeot Citroën Moteurs)
PSA PowerTrain is a manufacturer of petrol and diesel engines for a range of companies including BMW, Ford, Jaguar, and Land Rover. It was founded by Peugeot in 1898 in Lille and later named Compagnie Lilloise de Moteurs (CLM). In 1992 SCM-CLM as it was then known became Peugeot Citroën Moteurs.The company has had a partnership with Ford Motor Company since 1998.PSA and BMW have an agreement to develop the 1.6 Prince engine. PSA also sells their engines, gearboxes and other parts to small independent manufacturers such as De La Chapelle and PGO. This PSA Peugeot Citroën 1.6-litre turbo petrol engine has received the International Engine of the Year awards a total of eight times, from 2007 to 2014.
| 2 |
[
"PSA Group",
"has subsidiary",
"Peugeot"
] |
Developing markets
PSA was actively committed to developing its market presence and sales in many fast growing developing countries and regions of the world. This led to huge investments and partnerships in South America, Iran (Iran Khodro) and China (Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile). It announced plans to invest €650 million in a manufacturing plant in Sanand, India. With a capacity of 170,000 vehicles, the Sanand plant started production of the aaa in 2020. In Kazakhstan, assembly of the Peugeot passenger cars will start in June 2013 with a production capacity of 4,000 units per year at the beginning and more than 10,000 units in the near future. A PSA plant was opened in 2018 in Tunisia and in 2019 in Kenitra in Morocco.Citroën will enter the Indian market in early 2021, with the launch of the C5 Aircross SUV manufactured at a plant in Tiruvallur, India.Peugeot Citroën Automobiles S.A.
The manufacturer of Peugeot, Citroën and DS Automobiles-branded cars and vans, 100% owned by PSA Group and formed from the combination of Automobiles Citroën and Automobiles Peugeot. Automobiles Citroën, Automobiles Peugeot, and DS Automobiles remain in operation in relation to specific retail operations in various countries but not in the development or manufacture of vehicles.
| 3 |
[
"PSA Group",
"owner of",
"Peugeot"
] |
The PSA Group (French pronunciation: [ɡʁup pe ɛs ɑ]), legally known as Peugeot S.A. (Peugeot Société Anonyme, trading as Groupe PSA; formerly known as PSA Peugeot Citroën from 1991 to 2016) was a French multinational automotive manufacturing company which produced automobiles and motorcycles under the Peugeot, Citroën, DS, Opel and Vauxhall brands. On 18 December 2019, PSA and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) announced that they had agreed to the terms of a binding $50 billion merger. On 16 July 2020, both companies announced the new name for their merged operations, Stellantis. The deal closed on 16 January 2021. Stellantis is now the third largest automotive manufacturing company, behind only Volkswagen and Toyota.
Peugeot was the largest PSA brand. PSA was listed on the Euronext Paris stock exchange and was a constituent of the CAC 40 index.Beginning in 2016, PSA began to outline a strategy which entailed the rapid expansion of the company, through both geographic expansion and acquisitions of other car companies. PSA announced plans to enter the Indian, American, Canadian, South East Asian, and other markets in the coming years.
Headquartered in Rueil-Malmaison, PSA, with sales of 3.88 million units in 2018, was the third-largest Europe-based automaker, just a fraction behind Renault.In 2019, Groupe PSA was the ninth largest automaker in the world, after Volkswagen, Toyota, the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance, General Motors, Hyundai Motor Group, Ford Motor Company, Honda, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles.Developing markets
PSA was actively committed to developing its market presence and sales in many fast growing developing countries and regions of the world. This led to huge investments and partnerships in South America, Iran (Iran Khodro) and China (Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile). It announced plans to invest €650 million in a manufacturing plant in Sanand, India. With a capacity of 170,000 vehicles, the Sanand plant started production of the aaa in 2020. In Kazakhstan, assembly of the Peugeot passenger cars will start in June 2013 with a production capacity of 4,000 units per year at the beginning and more than 10,000 units in the near future. A PSA plant was opened in 2018 in Tunisia and in 2019 in Kenitra in Morocco.Citroën will enter the Indian market in early 2021, with the launch of the C5 Aircross SUV manufactured at a plant in Tiruvallur, India.PSA PowerTrain (formerly Peugeot Citroën Moteurs)
PSA PowerTrain is a manufacturer of petrol and diesel engines for a range of companies including BMW, Ford, Jaguar, and Land Rover. It was founded by Peugeot in 1898 in Lille and later named Compagnie Lilloise de Moteurs (CLM). In 1992 SCM-CLM as it was then known became Peugeot Citroën Moteurs.The company has had a partnership with Ford Motor Company since 1998.PSA and BMW have an agreement to develop the 1.6 Prince engine. PSA also sells their engines, gearboxes and other parts to small independent manufacturers such as De La Chapelle and PGO. This PSA Peugeot Citroën 1.6-litre turbo petrol engine has received the International Engine of the Year awards a total of eight times, from 2007 to 2014.
| 4 |
[
"PSA Group",
"owner of",
"Citroën"
] |
Developing markets
PSA was actively committed to developing its market presence and sales in many fast growing developing countries and regions of the world. This led to huge investments and partnerships in South America, Iran (Iran Khodro) and China (Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile). It announced plans to invest €650 million in a manufacturing plant in Sanand, India. With a capacity of 170,000 vehicles, the Sanand plant started production of the aaa in 2020. In Kazakhstan, assembly of the Peugeot passenger cars will start in June 2013 with a production capacity of 4,000 units per year at the beginning and more than 10,000 units in the near future. A PSA plant was opened in 2018 in Tunisia and in 2019 in Kenitra in Morocco.Citroën will enter the Indian market in early 2021, with the launch of the C5 Aircross SUV manufactured at a plant in Tiruvallur, India.
| 7 |
[
"PSA Group",
"has subsidiary",
"Faurecia"
] |
Faurecia
PSA owns 57.43% of automotive supplier Faurecia, a company created by a 1997 merger between Bertrand Faure and PSA-owned ECIA. It provides various components to Peugeot, Citroën, DS and significant interior and exterior parts to companies such as Audi, BMW and Mercedes-Benz.
| 9 |
[
"PSA Group",
"owned by",
"Peugeot family"
] |
Developing markets
PSA was actively committed to developing its market presence and sales in many fast growing developing countries and regions of the world. This led to huge investments and partnerships in South America, Iran (Iran Khodro) and China (Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile). It announced plans to invest €650 million in a manufacturing plant in Sanand, India. With a capacity of 170,000 vehicles, the Sanand plant started production of the aaa in 2020. In Kazakhstan, assembly of the Peugeot passenger cars will start in June 2013 with a production capacity of 4,000 units per year at the beginning and more than 10,000 units in the near future. A PSA plant was opened in 2018 in Tunisia and in 2019 in Kenitra in Morocco.Citroën will enter the Indian market in early 2021, with the launch of the C5 Aircross SUV manufactured at a plant in Tiruvallur, India.PSA PowerTrain (formerly Peugeot Citroën Moteurs)
PSA PowerTrain is a manufacturer of petrol and diesel engines for a range of companies including BMW, Ford, Jaguar, and Land Rover. It was founded by Peugeot in 1898 in Lille and later named Compagnie Lilloise de Moteurs (CLM). In 1992 SCM-CLM as it was then known became Peugeot Citroën Moteurs.The company has had a partnership with Ford Motor Company since 1998.PSA and BMW have an agreement to develop the 1.6 Prince engine. PSA also sells their engines, gearboxes and other parts to small independent manufacturers such as De La Chapelle and PGO. This PSA Peugeot Citroën 1.6-litre turbo petrol engine has received the International Engine of the Year awards a total of eight times, from 2007 to 2014.
| 26 |
[
"PSA Group",
"chairperson",
"Carlos Tavares"
] |
Merger with FCA
In May 2019 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) announced its intention to seek a merger with Groupe Renault. However, in early June merger talks were suspended, and never resumed. On 31 October 2019, Groupe PSA announced intent to merge with FCA. The merger would be on a 50-50 all stock basis. On 18 December 2019, FCA and PSA announced that they had agreed to the terms of a binding $50 billion merger, expected to be implemented in the next 12 months. The new group is incorporated in the Netherlands and has John Elkann as Chairman of the Board and Carlos Tavares as CEO. On 15 July 2020, the two companies announced that the merged entity will be named Stellantis, from the "Latin verb 'stello' meaning 'to brighten with stars.'" On 4 January 2021, both shareholders of PSA and FCA approved the merger and the deal was closed on 16 January 2021.
| 29 |
[
"PSA Group",
"has subsidiary",
"Banque PSA Finance"
] |
Financial services
PSA wholly owns Banque PSA Finance which provides financial services, and 98.67% of GIE PSA Tresorerie which was founded in 1990 as a treasury and cash management services division.
| 36 |
[
"PSA Group",
"industry",
"automotive industry"
] |
The PSA Group (French pronunciation: [ɡʁup pe ɛs ɑ]), legally known as Peugeot S.A. (Peugeot Société Anonyme, trading as Groupe PSA; formerly known as PSA Peugeot Citroën from 1991 to 2016) was a French multinational automotive manufacturing company which produced automobiles and motorcycles under the Peugeot, Citroën, DS, Opel and Vauxhall brands. On 18 December 2019, PSA and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) announced that they had agreed to the terms of a binding $50 billion merger. On 16 July 2020, both companies announced the new name for their merged operations, Stellantis. The deal closed on 16 January 2021. Stellantis is now the third largest automotive manufacturing company, behind only Volkswagen and Toyota.
Peugeot was the largest PSA brand. PSA was listed on the Euronext Paris stock exchange and was a constituent of the CAC 40 index.Beginning in 2016, PSA began to outline a strategy which entailed the rapid expansion of the company, through both geographic expansion and acquisitions of other car companies. PSA announced plans to enter the Indian, American, Canadian, South East Asian, and other markets in the coming years.
Headquartered in Rueil-Malmaison, PSA, with sales of 3.88 million units in 2018, was the third-largest Europe-based automaker, just a fraction behind Renault.In 2019, Groupe PSA was the ninth largest automaker in the world, after Volkswagen, Toyota, the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance, General Motors, Hyundai Motor Group, Ford Motor Company, Honda, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles.
| 48 |
[
"Stellantis",
"product or material produced",
"motor car"
] |
Stellantis N.V. is a multinational automotive manufacturing corporation formed in 2021 on the basis of a 50–50 cross-border merger between the Italian-American conglomerate Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and the French PSA Group. The company is headquartered in Amsterdam. Stellantis is (as of 2022) the fourth largest automaker by sales, behind Toyota, Volkswagen and Hyundai-Kia.The primary listings for the company's stock are on Milan's Borsa Italiana and on Euronext Paris. The principal activity of Stellantis is the design, development, manufacture, and sale of automobiles bearing its 16 brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Mopar, Opel, Peugeot, Ram, and Vauxhall. At the time of the merger, Stellantis had approximately 300,000 employees and a presence in more than 130 countries, with manufacturing facilities in 30 countries.
| 0 |
[
"Stellantis",
"has subsidiary",
"Peugeot"
] |
Stellantis N.V. is a multinational automotive manufacturing corporation formed in 2021 on the basis of a 50–50 cross-border merger between the Italian-American conglomerate Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and the French PSA Group. The company is headquartered in Amsterdam. Stellantis is (as of 2022) the fourth largest automaker by sales, behind Toyota, Volkswagen and Hyundai-Kia.The primary listings for the company's stock are on Milan's Borsa Italiana and on Euronext Paris. The principal activity of Stellantis is the design, development, manufacture, and sale of automobiles bearing its 16 brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Mopar, Opel, Peugeot, Ram, and Vauxhall. At the time of the merger, Stellantis had approximately 300,000 employees and a presence in more than 130 countries, with manufacturing facilities in 30 countries.
| 2 |
[
"Stellantis",
"has subsidiary",
"Citroën"
] |
Stellantis N.V. is a multinational automotive manufacturing corporation formed in 2021 on the basis of a 50–50 cross-border merger between the Italian-American conglomerate Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and the French PSA Group. The company is headquartered in Amsterdam. Stellantis is (as of 2022) the fourth largest automaker by sales, behind Toyota, Volkswagen and Hyundai-Kia.The primary listings for the company's stock are on Milan's Borsa Italiana and on Euronext Paris. The principal activity of Stellantis is the design, development, manufacture, and sale of automobiles bearing its 16 brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Mopar, Opel, Peugeot, Ram, and Vauxhall. At the time of the merger, Stellantis had approximately 300,000 employees and a presence in more than 130 countries, with manufacturing facilities in 30 countries.Citroën RacingCommercial operation focusing on customer racing with the Citroën C3 Rally2, although known to be supporting entries in WRC2
DS PerformanceEntrant in Formula E World Championship
MaseratiEntrant in Formula E World Championship
Opel MotorsportManufacturer of the electric rally car Opel Corsa-e Rally and organiser of its Opel e-Rally Cup
Commercial operation focusing on customer racing with the Opel Corsa Rally4
Peugeot SportEntrant of the FIA World Endurance Championship
Commercial operation focusing on customer racing with the Peugeot 208 Rally4Except for Maserati, the four remaining brands belonged to PSA Motorsport, a department of the former PSA Group before the creation of Stellantis.The Stellantis Motorsport Racing Shop combines Citroën Racing, Peugeot Sport and Opel Motorsports' customer racing distribution and retail sales operations. It is also known as Peugeot Citroën Racing Shop and Peugeot Citroën Opel Racing Shop.The Stellantis Motorsport Cup is a rally competition run in Belgium, France and Spain using Peugeot 208 and Opel Corsa Rally4 cars. The cup originated in Belgium and Luxembourg as PSA Motorsport Cup Belux.
| 3 |
[
"Stellantis",
"headquarters location",
"Amsterdam"
] |
Stellantis N.V. is a multinational automotive manufacturing corporation formed in 2021 on the basis of a 50–50 cross-border merger between the Italian-American conglomerate Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and the French PSA Group. The company is headquartered in Amsterdam. Stellantis is (as of 2022) the fourth largest automaker by sales, behind Toyota, Volkswagen and Hyundai-Kia.The primary listings for the company's stock are on Milan's Borsa Italiana and on Euronext Paris. The principal activity of Stellantis is the design, development, manufacture, and sale of automobiles bearing its 16 brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Mopar, Opel, Peugeot, Ram, and Vauxhall. At the time of the merger, Stellantis had approximately 300,000 employees and a presence in more than 130 countries, with manufacturing facilities in 30 countries.
| 6 |
[
"Stellantis",
"has subsidiary",
"Alfa Romeo"
] |
Stellantis N.V. is a multinational automotive manufacturing corporation formed in 2021 on the basis of a 50–50 cross-border merger between the Italian-American conglomerate Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and the French PSA Group. The company is headquartered in Amsterdam. Stellantis is (as of 2022) the fourth largest automaker by sales, behind Toyota, Volkswagen and Hyundai-Kia.The primary listings for the company's stock are on Milan's Borsa Italiana and on Euronext Paris. The principal activity of Stellantis is the design, development, manufacture, and sale of automobiles bearing its 16 brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Mopar, Opel, Peugeot, Ram, and Vauxhall. At the time of the merger, Stellantis had approximately 300,000 employees and a presence in more than 130 countries, with manufacturing facilities in 30 countries.
| 7 |
[
"Stellantis",
"instance of",
"automobile manufacturer"
] |
Stellantis N.V. is a multinational automotive manufacturing corporation formed in 2021 on the basis of a 50–50 cross-border merger between the Italian-American conglomerate Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and the French PSA Group. The company is headquartered in Amsterdam. Stellantis is (as of 2022) the fourth largest automaker by sales, behind Toyota, Volkswagen and Hyundai-Kia.The primary listings for the company's stock are on Milan's Borsa Italiana and on Euronext Paris. The principal activity of Stellantis is the design, development, manufacture, and sale of automobiles bearing its 16 brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Mopar, Opel, Peugeot, Ram, and Vauxhall. At the time of the merger, Stellantis had approximately 300,000 employees and a presence in more than 130 countries, with manufacturing facilities in 30 countries.History
In early 2019, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) sought a merger with French automaker Renault and reached a provisional agreement with the company. However, the behaviour of the French government during negotiations led to the abandonment of the deal; The Economist reported that "for FCA, this portended future interference". Nissan also had various concerns about the impact of the proposal on its alliance with Renault. Subsequently, FCA approached Peugeot S.A. (PSA). The merger officially agreed to in December 2019, was to create the world's fourth-largest carmaker by global vehicle sales with expected annual cost savings of €3.7 billion, or about US$4.22 billion. On 21 December 2020, the European Commission approved the merger, while imposing minimal remedies to ensure competition in the sector. The merger was approved on 4 January 2021 by the shareholders of both FCA and PSA, and the deal was completed on 16 January 2021. Common shares of the new company began trading on the Milan Stock Exchange and Euronext Paris on 18 January 2021 and on the New York Stock Exchange on 19 January 2021, in each case under the ticker symbol "STLA".PSA merged with and into Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V., with Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. as the surviving company in the merger. On 17 January 2021, the combined company was renamed Stellantis N.V. International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, mandate the identification of the company acting as the acquirer and the company being acquired; Peugeot is considered the acquirer for accounting purposes, and statements reflect PSA's historical records. Per the filing, the Stellantis board had 11 directors, six from PSA and five from Fiat Chrysler. Additionally, the new company's first CEO, vested with full authority to represent Stellantis, was Carlos Tavares, the former president of the PSA managing board, as well as former CEO of PSA Group, with a five-year term as Stellantis CEO. PSA shareholders paid a pre-merger premium to FCA shareholders. However, Exor, the Agnelli family company that was the largest shareholder of FCA, held the largest stake in Stellantis with 14.4%. The merger agreements allowed the Peugeot family to increase its current 7.2% stake in Stellantis by up to an additional 1.5% by acquiring shares from France's state lender Bpifrance, from Dongfeng, or on the market.The name Stellantis is exclusively used to identify the corporate entity, while group brand names and logos remain unchanged. In 2021, CEO Carlos Tavares issued a challenge for the group's brands to prove themselves within a 10-year window, in exchange for much-needed investment in new models and technology. The group planned to have 29 electrified vehicle models available by the end of 2021. Stellantis planned to develop four EV platforms by the end of the 2020s. Overall, the company announced more than €30bn would be invested by the end of 2021. A network of charging stations started in November 2021. In the third quarter of 2021, Stellantis sales of new vehicles dropped due to issues related to the supply chain shortage of semiconductor chips used in their vehicles. Stellantis made an agreement with semiconductor manufacturer Foxconn to supply chips for the company and others in the automotive industry. In June 2022, the company paused production at two French plants due to shortages in semiconductors.In May 2022, Stellantis pled guilty to criminal conduct and paid $300 million to settle a probe into its effort to illegally conceal the amount of pollution created by its diesel-engined vehicles. This settled a years-long probe by the United States Department of Justice into the auto maker's efforts to evade emissions requirements for more than 100,000 older models. On 8 July 2022, Stellantis acquired the carsharing platform Share Now. Stellantis placed Share Now's operational management under Free2move. In November 2022, Stellantis acquired the Budapest-headquartered autonomous vehicle technology company aiMotive.On 15 February 2023, Stellantis said it would establish a new software development and engineering hub in Gliwice, Poland.
| 11 |
[
"Stellantis",
"instance of",
"public company"
] |
Stellantis N.V. is a multinational automotive manufacturing corporation formed in 2021 on the basis of a 50–50 cross-border merger between the Italian-American conglomerate Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and the French PSA Group. The company is headquartered in Amsterdam. Stellantis is (as of 2022) the fourth largest automaker by sales, behind Toyota, Volkswagen and Hyundai-Kia.The primary listings for the company's stock are on Milan's Borsa Italiana and on Euronext Paris. The principal activity of Stellantis is the design, development, manufacture, and sale of automobiles bearing its 16 brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Mopar, Opel, Peugeot, Ram, and Vauxhall. At the time of the merger, Stellantis had approximately 300,000 employees and a presence in more than 130 countries, with manufacturing facilities in 30 countries.
| 12 |
[
"Stellantis",
"owned by",
"Peugeot family"
] |
NotesOwnership
Following the 50% FCA and 50% PSA merger, the owners were:
Agnelli family (Exor N.V.): 14.40%
Peugeot family (Etablissements Peugeot Frères, EPF): 7.19%
Bpifrance: 6.18%
Dongfeng Motor Corporation: 4.5%
BlackRock: 2.52%Leadership
Senior management
Chairman: John Elkann (since January 2021)
Chief executive: Carlos Tavares (since January 2021)
Vice chairman: Robert Peugeot (since January 2021)
| 13 |
[
"Stellantis",
"owned by",
"Agnelli family"
] |
NotesOwnership
Following the 50% FCA and 50% PSA merger, the owners were:
Agnelli family (Exor N.V.): 14.40%
Peugeot family (Etablissements Peugeot Frères, EPF): 7.19%
Bpifrance: 6.18%
Dongfeng Motor Corporation: 4.5%
BlackRock: 2.52%
| 14 |
[
"Stellantis",
"instance of",
"commercial organization"
] |
Stellantis N.V. is a multinational automotive manufacturing corporation formed in 2021 on the basis of a 50–50 cross-border merger between the Italian-American conglomerate Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and the French PSA Group. The company is headquartered in Amsterdam. Stellantis is (as of 2022) the fourth largest automaker by sales, behind Toyota, Volkswagen and Hyundai-Kia.The primary listings for the company's stock are on Milan's Borsa Italiana and on Euronext Paris. The principal activity of Stellantis is the design, development, manufacture, and sale of automobiles bearing its 16 brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Mopar, Opel, Peugeot, Ram, and Vauxhall. At the time of the merger, Stellantis had approximately 300,000 employees and a presence in more than 130 countries, with manufacturing facilities in 30 countries.
| 15 |
[
"Stellantis",
"has subsidiary",
"Vauxhall"
] |
Stellantis N.V. is a multinational automotive manufacturing corporation formed in 2021 on the basis of a 50–50 cross-border merger between the Italian-American conglomerate Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and the French PSA Group. The company is headquartered in Amsterdam. Stellantis is (as of 2022) the fourth largest automaker by sales, behind Toyota, Volkswagen and Hyundai-Kia.The primary listings for the company's stock are on Milan's Borsa Italiana and on Euronext Paris. The principal activity of Stellantis is the design, development, manufacture, and sale of automobiles bearing its 16 brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Mopar, Opel, Peugeot, Ram, and Vauxhall. At the time of the merger, Stellantis had approximately 300,000 employees and a presence in more than 130 countries, with manufacturing facilities in 30 countries.
| 16 |
[
"Stellantis",
"has subsidiary",
"Stellantis Italy"
] |
Europe
France:
Sausheim, Grand Est (Stellantis Mulhouse Plant)
Poissy, Île-de-France (Stellantis Poissy Plant)
Rennes, Brittany (Stellantis Rennes Plant)
Sochaux, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (Stellantis Sochaux Plant)
Hordain, Hauts-de-France (Sevel Nord)
Germany:
Eisenach, Thuringia (Opel Eisenach)
Rüsselsheim, Hesse (Opel Rüsselsheim)
Italy:
Turin (Stellantis Mirafiori)
Grugliasco (Avvocato Giovanni Agnelli Plant) (closing)
Piedimonte San Germano (Stellantis Cassino)
Modena (Maserati)
Pomigliano d'Arco (Stellantis Pomigliano)
Melfi (SATA)
Atessa (Sevel Sud)
Poland:
Gliwice, Silesia (Opel Manufacturing Poland)
Tychy, Silesia
| 23 |
[
"Stellantis",
"has subsidiary",
"Stellantis North America"
] |
North America
Canada:
Brampton, Ontario (Brampton Assembly)
Windsor, Ontario (Windsor Assembly)
Mexico:
Saltillo, Coahuila (Saltillo Truck Assembly)
Saltillo, Coahuila (Saltillo Van Assembly)
Toluca (Toluca Car Assembly)
United States:
Belvidere, Illinois (Belvidere Assembly Plant) (Idled since February 2023)
Detroit, Michigan (Jefferson North Assembly)
Detroit, Michigan (Mack Avenue Engine Complex)
Sterling Heights, Michigan (Sterling Heights Assembly)
Warren, Michigan (Warren Truck Assembly)
Toledo, Ohio (Toledo Complex)
| 26 |
[
"Stellantis",
"industry",
"automotive industry"
] |
Stellantis N.V. is a multinational automotive manufacturing corporation formed in 2021 on the basis of a 50–50 cross-border merger between the Italian-American conglomerate Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and the French PSA Group. The company is headquartered in Amsterdam. Stellantis is (as of 2022) the fourth largest automaker by sales, behind Toyota, Volkswagen and Hyundai-Kia.The primary listings for the company's stock are on Milan's Borsa Italiana and on Euronext Paris. The principal activity of Stellantis is the design, development, manufacture, and sale of automobiles bearing its 16 brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Mopar, Opel, Peugeot, Ram, and Vauxhall. At the time of the merger, Stellantis had approximately 300,000 employees and a presence in more than 130 countries, with manufacturing facilities in 30 countries.History
In early 2019, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) sought a merger with French automaker Renault and reached a provisional agreement with the company. However, the behaviour of the French government during negotiations led to the abandonment of the deal; The Economist reported that "for FCA, this portended future interference". Nissan also had various concerns about the impact of the proposal on its alliance with Renault. Subsequently, FCA approached Peugeot S.A. (PSA). The merger officially agreed to in December 2019, was to create the world's fourth-largest carmaker by global vehicle sales with expected annual cost savings of €3.7 billion, or about US$4.22 billion. On 21 December 2020, the European Commission approved the merger, while imposing minimal remedies to ensure competition in the sector. The merger was approved on 4 January 2021 by the shareholders of both FCA and PSA, and the deal was completed on 16 January 2021. Common shares of the new company began trading on the Milan Stock Exchange and Euronext Paris on 18 January 2021 and on the New York Stock Exchange on 19 January 2021, in each case under the ticker symbol "STLA".PSA merged with and into Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V., with Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. as the surviving company in the merger. On 17 January 2021, the combined company was renamed Stellantis N.V. International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, mandate the identification of the company acting as the acquirer and the company being acquired; Peugeot is considered the acquirer for accounting purposes, and statements reflect PSA's historical records. Per the filing, the Stellantis board had 11 directors, six from PSA and five from Fiat Chrysler. Additionally, the new company's first CEO, vested with full authority to represent Stellantis, was Carlos Tavares, the former president of the PSA managing board, as well as former CEO of PSA Group, with a five-year term as Stellantis CEO. PSA shareholders paid a pre-merger premium to FCA shareholders. However, Exor, the Agnelli family company that was the largest shareholder of FCA, held the largest stake in Stellantis with 14.4%. The merger agreements allowed the Peugeot family to increase its current 7.2% stake in Stellantis by up to an additional 1.5% by acquiring shares from France's state lender Bpifrance, from Dongfeng, or on the market.The name Stellantis is exclusively used to identify the corporate entity, while group brand names and logos remain unchanged. In 2021, CEO Carlos Tavares issued a challenge for the group's brands to prove themselves within a 10-year window, in exchange for much-needed investment in new models and technology. The group planned to have 29 electrified vehicle models available by the end of 2021. Stellantis planned to develop four EV platforms by the end of the 2020s. Overall, the company announced more than €30bn would be invested by the end of 2021. A network of charging stations started in November 2021. In the third quarter of 2021, Stellantis sales of new vehicles dropped due to issues related to the supply chain shortage of semiconductor chips used in their vehicles. Stellantis made an agreement with semiconductor manufacturer Foxconn to supply chips for the company and others in the automotive industry. In June 2022, the company paused production at two French plants due to shortages in semiconductors.In May 2022, Stellantis pled guilty to criminal conduct and paid $300 million to settle a probe into its effort to illegally conceal the amount of pollution created by its diesel-engined vehicles. This settled a years-long probe by the United States Department of Justice into the auto maker's efforts to evade emissions requirements for more than 100,000 older models. On 8 July 2022, Stellantis acquired the carsharing platform Share Now. Stellantis placed Share Now's operational management under Free2move. In November 2022, Stellantis acquired the Budapest-headquartered autonomous vehicle technology company aiMotive.On 15 February 2023, Stellantis said it would establish a new software development and engineering hub in Gliwice, Poland.
| 27 |
[
"Stellantis",
"has subsidiary",
"Opel"
] |
Stellantis N.V. is a multinational automotive manufacturing corporation formed in 2021 on the basis of a 50–50 cross-border merger between the Italian-American conglomerate Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and the French PSA Group. The company is headquartered in Amsterdam. Stellantis is (as of 2022) the fourth largest automaker by sales, behind Toyota, Volkswagen and Hyundai-Kia.The primary listings for the company's stock are on Milan's Borsa Italiana and on Euronext Paris. The principal activity of Stellantis is the design, development, manufacture, and sale of automobiles bearing its 16 brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Mopar, Opel, Peugeot, Ram, and Vauxhall. At the time of the merger, Stellantis had approximately 300,000 employees and a presence in more than 130 countries, with manufacturing facilities in 30 countries.
| 31 |
[
"Stellantis",
"chairperson",
"John Elkann"
] |
NotesLeadership
Senior management
Chairman: John Elkann (since January 2021)
Chief executive: Carlos Tavares (since January 2021)
Vice chairman: Robert Peugeot (since January 2021)
| 34 |
[
"Stellantis France",
"country",
"France"
] |
Europe
France:
Sausheim, Grand Est (Stellantis Mulhouse Plant)
Poissy, Île-de-France (Stellantis Poissy Plant)
Rennes, Brittany (Stellantis Rennes Plant)
Sochaux, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (Stellantis Sochaux Plant)
Hordain, Hauts-de-France (Sevel Nord)
Germany:
Eisenach, Thuringia (Opel Eisenach)
Rüsselsheim, Hesse (Opel Rüsselsheim)
Italy:
Turin (Stellantis Mirafiori)
Grugliasco (Avvocato Giovanni Agnelli Plant) (closing)
Piedimonte San Germano (Stellantis Cassino)
Modena (Maserati)
Pomigliano d'Arco (Stellantis Pomigliano)
Melfi (SATA)
Atessa (Sevel Sud)
Poland:
Gliwice, Silesia (Opel Manufacturing Poland)
Tychy, Silesia
| 0 |
[
"Stellantis France",
"headquarters location",
"Poissy"
] |
Europe
France:
Sausheim, Grand Est (Stellantis Mulhouse Plant)
Poissy, Île-de-France (Stellantis Poissy Plant)
Rennes, Brittany (Stellantis Rennes Plant)
Sochaux, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (Stellantis Sochaux Plant)
Hordain, Hauts-de-France (Sevel Nord)
Germany:
Eisenach, Thuringia (Opel Eisenach)
Rüsselsheim, Hesse (Opel Rüsselsheim)
Italy:
Turin (Stellantis Mirafiori)
Grugliasco (Avvocato Giovanni Agnelli Plant) (closing)
Piedimonte San Germano (Stellantis Cassino)
Modena (Maserati)
Pomigliano d'Arco (Stellantis Pomigliano)
Melfi (SATA)
Atessa (Sevel Sud)
Poland:
Gliwice, Silesia (Opel Manufacturing Poland)
Tychy, Silesia
| 1 |
[
"Stellantis France",
"product or material produced",
"motor car"
] |
Europe
France:
Sausheim, Grand Est (Stellantis Mulhouse Plant)
Poissy, Île-de-France (Stellantis Poissy Plant)
Rennes, Brittany (Stellantis Rennes Plant)
Sochaux, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (Stellantis Sochaux Plant)
Hordain, Hauts-de-France (Sevel Nord)
Germany:
Eisenach, Thuringia (Opel Eisenach)
Rüsselsheim, Hesse (Opel Rüsselsheim)
Italy:
Turin (Stellantis Mirafiori)
Grugliasco (Avvocato Giovanni Agnelli Plant) (closing)
Piedimonte San Germano (Stellantis Cassino)
Modena (Maserati)
Pomigliano d'Arco (Stellantis Pomigliano)
Melfi (SATA)
Atessa (Sevel Sud)
Poland:
Gliwice, Silesia (Opel Manufacturing Poland)
Tychy, Silesia
| 2 |
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