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4,900 | Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD, pronounced ), also known in the United States as "Wild Weasel" and (initially) "Iron Hand" operations, are military actions to suppress enemy surface-based air defenses, including not only surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) and anti-aircraft artillery (AAA) but also interrelated systems such as early-warning radar and command, control and communication (C3) functions, while also marking other targets to be destroyed by an air strike. Suppression can be accomplished both by physically destroying the systems or by disrupting and deceiving them through electronic warfare. In modern warfare, SEAD missions can constitute as much as 30% of all sorties launched in the first week of combat and continue at a reduced rate through the rest of a campaign | Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses |
4,901 | A tactical formation (or order) is the arrangement or deployment of moving military forces such as infantry, cavalry, AFVs, military aircraft, or naval vessels. Formations were found in tribal societies such as the pua rere of the Māori, and ancient or medieval formations which include shield walls (skjaldborg in Old Norse), phalanxes (lines of battle in close order), testudo formation and skirmishers.
Tactical formations include:
Flight Formations
Box
Coil: Similar to the Herringbone formation, the coil formation allows for 360 degree security while at the halt | Tactical formation |
4,902 | Targeting is the process of selecting objects or installations to be attacked, taken, or destroyed in warfare. Targeting systematically analyzes and prioritizes targets and matches appropriate lethal and nonlethal actions to those targets to create specific desired effects that achieve the joint force commander's (JFC's) objectives, accounting for operational requirements, capabilities, and the results of previous assessments. The emphasis of targeting is on identifying resources (targets) the enemy can least afford to lose or that provide him with the greatest advantage (high-value target [HVT]), then further identifying the subset of those targets which
must be acquired and engaged to achieve friendly success (high-payoff target [HPT]) | Targeting (warfare) |
4,903 | Technological supremacy is the notion of supremacy in the field of technology in either a regional or global international relations context, as well as in subfields, such as military-technological supremacy, including air supremacy. The notion of one or more powers enjoying technological supremacy is ancient; the term 'technological supremacy' dates back to the 1950s. It is normally understood to be wielded by a superpower, such as the United States, originally in competition with the Soviet Union and now with China | Technological supremacy |
4,904 | == Military Theory ==
Military Theory is the study of the theories which define, inform, guide and explain war and warfare. Military Theory analyses both normative behavioral phenomena and explanatory causal aspects to better understand war and how it is fought. It examines war and trends in warfare, beyond simply describing events in military history | Military theory |
4,905 | The Three Block War is a concept described by U. S. Marine General Charles Krulak in the late 1990s to illustrate the complex spectrum of challenges likely to be faced by Marines on the modern battlefield | Three Block War |
4,906 | The Three Rules of Discipline and Eight Points for Attention (Chinese: 三大纪律八项注意; pinyin: Sān dà jìlǜ bā xiàng zhùyì) is a military doctrine that was issued in 1928 by Mao Zedong and his associates for the Chinese Red Army, who were then fighting against the Kuomintang. The contents vary slightly in different versions. One of the major distinctions of the doctrine was its respect for the civilians during wartime | Three Rules of Discipline and Eight Points for Attention |
4,907 | Total war is a type of warfare that includes any and all civilian-associated resources and infrastructure as legitimate military targets, mobilises all of the resources of society to fight the war, and gives priority to warfare over non-combatant needs.
The term has been defined as "A war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded. "In the mid-19th century, scholars identified total war as a separate class of warfare | Total war |
4,908 | Trench warfare is the type of land warfare using occupied lines largely comprising military trenches, in which troops are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. It became archetypically associated with World War I (1914–1918), when the Race to the Sea rapidly expanded trench use on the Western Front starting in September 1914. Trench warfare proliferated when a revolution in firepower was not matched by similar advances in mobility, resulting in a grueling form of warfare in which the defender held the advantage | Trench warfare |
4,909 | In United States military doctrine, unconventional warfare (abbreviated UW) is one of the core activities of irregular warfare. Unconventional warfare is essentially support provided by the military to a foreign insurgency or resistance. The legal definition of UW is:
Unconventional Warfare consists of activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt or overthrow an occupying power or government by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary or guerrilla force in a denied area | Unconventional warfare (United States) |
4,910 | United States Army Field Manuals are published by the United States Army's Army Publishing Directorate. They contain detailed information and how-tos for procedures important to soldiers serving in the field.
As of July 2007, some 542 field manuals were in use | United States Army Field Manuals |
4,911 | Unrestricted submarine warfare is a type of naval warfare in which submarines sink merchant ships such as freighters and tankers without warning, as opposed to attacks per prize rules (also known as "cruiser rules") that call for warships to search merchantmen and place crews in "a place of safety" (for which lifeboats do not qualify, except under particular circumstances) before sinking them, unless the ship shows "persistent refusal to stop . . | Unrestricted submarine warfare |
4,912 | Upward Spiral is a term used by Paul Kennedy in his book The Rise and Fall of Great Powers to describe the continually rising cost of military equipment relative to civilian manufactured goods. According to Kennedy there is an upward spiral at work in "all areas" of military production which is "becoming increasingly divergent from the commercial". The desire for state-of-the-art weaponry is meant to be pushing up the cost | Upward Spiral |
4,913 | Nikolai Efimovich Varfolomeev (Russian: Николай Ефимович Варфоломеев; 29 September 1890 – 8 May 1939) was a Soviet military commander and theoretician. He and Vladimir Triandafillov made significant contributions to the use of technology in deep offensive operations. Varfolomeev was one of the foremost military theorists teaching at the RKKA Military Academy | Nikolai Efimovich Varfolomeev |
4,914 | Vernichtungsgedanke, literally meaning "concept of annihilation" in German and generally taken to mean "the concept of fast annihilation of enemy forces", is a tactical doctrine dating back to Frederick the Great. It emphasizes rapid, fluid movement to unbalance an enemy, allowing the attacker to impose its will upon the defender and to avoid stalemate. It relies on uncommonly rigorous training and discipline and thoroughly-professional leadership | Vernichtungsgedanke |
4,915 | War Plan Orange (commonly known as Plan Orange or just Orange) is a series of United States Joint Army and Navy Board war plans for dealing with a possible war with Japan during the years between the First and Second World Wars. It failed to foresee the significance of the technological changes to naval warfare, including the submarine, air support and aircraft carriers, and although the Battle of Midway was important, and the US Navy did "island-hop" to regain lost territory, there was no culminating "showdown" battle as anticipated by Plan Orange.
Development
Informal studies as early as 1906 covered a number of possibilities, from basing at Gibraltar or Singapore (an idea revived by the British before World War II) to "a quick trans-Atlantic dash" to the Pacific | War Plan Orange |
4,916 | The wolfpack was a convoy attack tactic employed in the Second World War. It was used principally by the U-boats of the Kriegsmarine during the Battle of the Atlantic, and by the submarines of the United States Navy in the Pacific War. The idea of a co-ordinated submarine attack on convoys had been proposed during the First World War but had no success | Wolfpack (naval tactic) |
4,917 | A zero-defects mentality (also known as Zero Error Syndrome) exists when a command-and-control structure does not tolerate mistakes. This atmosphere is now widely acknowledged to be ineffective in both military and corporate life. The results of a zero-defects mentality can include careerism, reduced motivation and stifled innovation | Zero-defects mentality |
4,918 | Military education and training is a process which intends to establish and improve the capabilities of military personnel in their respective roles. Military training may be voluntary or compulsory duty. It begins with recruit training, proceeds to education and training specific to military roles, and sometimes includes additional training during a military career | Military education and training |
4,919 | An after action review (AAR) is a technique for improving process and execution by analyzing the intended outcome and actual outcome of an action and identifying practices to sustain, and practices to improve or initiate, and then practicing those changes at the next iteration of the action AARs in the formal sense were originally developed by the U. S. Army | After-action review |
4,920 | An aggressor squadron or adversary squadron (in the US Navy and USMC) is a squadron that is trained to act as an opposing force in military wargames. Aggressor squadrons use enemy tactics, techniques, and procedures to give a realistic simulation of air combat (as opposed to training against one's own forces). Since it is impractical to use actual enemy aircraft and equipment, surrogate aircraft are used to emulate potential adversaries | Aggressor squadron |
4,921 | Air University is a professional military education university system of the United States Air Force. It is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award master's degrees.
Organizations
Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT)
Carl A | Air University (United States Air Force) |
4,922 | The Army University is a professional military education university system of the United States Army. It is the largest professional military education system in the world, with over 150,000 soldiers educated in more than 88 occupations across its worldwide network of 70 schools. Approximately 25% of its curriculum is currently accredited, primarily for officer training; however, initiatives are underway to accredit all enlisted training as well | Army University |
4,923 | An assault course (also called trim trail) is a trail (or course) that combines running and exercising. It was more popular in the 1970s than it is now. It is often used in military training | Assault course |
4,924 | Bangladesh Military Academy (BMA) is the military training institute for the officer cadets of Bangladesh Army. It is located in Bhatiary, near Chittagong Hill Tracts, in the Chittagong District of south-east Bangladesh, about 13 kilometers north of Chittagong. The academy is situated on the slopes of the Sitakunda hill ranges and the shore of the Bay of Bengal | Bangladesh Military Academy |
4,925 | A Battle Management Language (BML) is the unambiguous language used to command and control forces and equipment conducting military operations and to provide for situational awareness and a shared, common operational picture.
It can be seen as a standard digitized representation of a commander's intent to be used for real troops, for simulated troops, and for future robotic forces. BML is particularly relevant in a network centric environment for enabling mutual understanding | Battle management language |
4,926 | The case method is a teaching approach that uses decision-forcing cases to put students in the role of people who were faced with difficult decisions at some point in the past. It developed during the course of the twentieth-century from its origins in the casebook method of teaching law pioneered by Harvard legal scholar Christopher C. Langdell | Case method |
4,927 | DCAF - ; Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance (French: Centre pour la gouvernance du secteur de la sécurité, Genève, German: Das Genfer Zentrum für die Gouvernanz des Sicherheitssektors) is an intergovernmental foundation-based think tank that provides research and project support to states and international actors in improving security sector governance and reform (SSG and SSR).
DCAF was established in 2000 as the 'Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces' in the Canton of Geneva by the Swiss government and as of 2018 employs around 170 staff, has seven permanent offices and 63 member states.
The Centre's founding mandate was to assist security institutions to reform themselves in ways that would help stabilize the fragile peace following the 1990s Balkans conflicts and during the democratic transitions of Central and Eastern Europe | DCAF |
4,928 | A decision game is an exercise in which a teacher presents students with a scenario, asks them to take on the role of a character in that scenario, and then asks them to solve problems as if they were that character. If the scenario is based entirely upon a reliable historical narrative, a decision game is also a decision-forcing case. However, if any of the elements in the scenario are fictional, then the exercise is a fictional decision game | Decision game |
4,929 | A drill instructor is a non-commissioned officer in the armed forces, fire department, or police forces with specific duties that vary by country. Foot drill, military step, and marching are typically taught by drill instructors.
Australia
Australian Army
In the Australian Army, the staff responsible for training recruits are known as Recruit Instructors | Drill instructor |
4,930 | Foot drill is a part of the training regimen of organized military and paramilitary elements worldwide. "Foot drill" or "Drill" stems from time since antiquity when soldiers would march into battle, be expected to gather in a formation, and react to words of command from their commanders once the battle commenced. Much of the drill done today is either ceremonial or implemented as a core part of training in the armed forces | Foot drill |
4,931 | Hoplology is the study of human combative behavior and performance.
Etymology and history of the term
The word hoplology is derived from the Greek terms hoplos (a mythical plate-armored animal) and ὅπλον hóplon, the equipment carried by some warriors in ancient Greece. The word hoplite, derived from hoplon, is the term for the classical Greek warrior who carried such equipment | Hoplology |
4,932 | The International Association for Military Pedagogy (IAMP) was founded in November 2005 in Strausberg (Germany) as a successor to the European Military Pedagogy Forum (EMPF).
The IAMP is an independent network of professionals whose studies focus on education and training in the military setting. Its goals include the spreading of information that would assist professional military institutions of advanced learning (e | International Association for Military Pedagogy |
4,933 | The International Society of Military Sciences (ISMS) is an international organization whose stated aim is to build a strong network for the creation, development, exchange and diffusion of research and knowledge about war, conflict management and peace support efforts. The ISMS was founded in October 2008. The Austrian National Defence Academy, the Royal Military College of Canada, the Royal Danish Defence College, the Finnish National Defence University, the Netherlands Defence Academy, the Norwegian Defence University College, the Swedish National Defence College and the Baltic Defence College established this society with the intention to further research and academic education in military arts and sciences in the broadest sense | International Society of Military Sciences |
4,934 | The Joint Force Training Centre (JFTC) is a NATO headquarters located in Bydgoszcz, Poland, responsible to Allied Command Transformation at Norfolk, Virginia, in the United States.
History
The Joint Force Training Centre, which started on March 31, 2004, focuses on joint and combined training at the tactical level. In particular, it focuses on the conduct of joint tactical training to achieve joint tactical interoperability at the key tactical interfaces | Joint Force Training Centre |
4,935 | Lancero (English: Lancer) is a military course and a denomination within the Colombian National Army. The course takes place at the School of Lanceros of Colombia in Tolemaida, Department of Tolima in Colombia.
The Colombian Army has been in a military conflict with rebel guerrillas since the 1960s | Lancero |
4,936 | Land navigation is the discipline of following a route through unfamiliar terrain on foot or by vehicle, using maps with reference to terrain, a compass, and other navigational tools. It is distinguished from travel by traditional groups, such as the Tuareg across the Sahara and the Inuit across the Arctic, who use subtle cues to travel across familiar, yet minimally differentiated terrain.
Land navigation is a core military discipline, which uses courses that are an essential part of military training | Land navigation |
4,937 | A live fire exercise (LFX) is a military exercise in which live ammunition and ordnance is used, as opposed to blanks or dummies. The term can also be found in non-military usage.
Military
Militaries usually use live-fire exercises as an opportunity to use real ammunition in a realistically created combat situation | Live fire exercise |
4,938 | A loaded march is a relatively fast march over distance carrying a load and is a common military exercise.
A loaded march is known as a forced foot march in the US Army. Less formally, it is a ruck march in the Canadian Armed Forces and the US Army, a tab (Tactical Advance to Battle) in British Army slang, a yomp in Royal Marines slang, stomping in Australian Army slang, and a hump in the slang of the United States Marine Corps | Loaded march |
4,939 | Low flying military training involves military aircraft flying at low altitude to prepare their aircrew, and other military personnel (e. g. air defence troops), for nap-of-the-earth flying in wartime | Low flying military training |
4,940 | Marine Corps University is a military education university system of the United States Marine Corps. It is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award Master's Degrees.
History
Marine Corps University (MCU) was founded on 1 August 1989 by order of the Commandant of the Marine Corps, General Alfred M | Marine Corps University |
4,941 | A military library or base library, is a special library used by military personnel, their dependents, and civilian contractors located within or associated with a military base or defense organization. The primary duty of many military libraries is to assist with professional development, personal education, and leisure.
Services
In the United States, military libraries often offer similar services to public libraries | Military library |
4,942 | Marking time is a military step in which soldiers march in place, moving their legs as in marching, but without stepping forward. The military drill command is "Mark Time!” to change from standing at attention to 'Marking Time' or to change from marching at 'Quick Time' to 'Marking Time'. The resulting action is to march in the same place, not to move in any direction | Military mark time |
4,943 | Military step or march is a regular, ordered and synchronized walking of military formations.
History
The steady, regular marching step was a marked feature of Roman legions. Vegetius, the author of the only surviving treatise on the Roman Empire's military, De Re Militari, recognized the importance of:
constant practice of marching quick and together | Military step |
4,944 | A U. S. Air Force military training leader (MTL) is a non-commissioned officer with specific duties | Military training leader |
4,945 | Milling is a training activity in the British airborne infantry. For a fixed period, two opponents punch each other in the head as aggressively as possible without evasion.
Use in training
Milling is a training activity used to assess candidates from age 17 for the elite Parachute Regiment of the British Army | Milling (military training exercise) |
4,946 | The Mowag 4x4 armored dummy is a target practice vehicle used by the armed forces of Switzerland.
History
Originally designed as an armored reconnaissance vehicle, the armored dummy tank is based on a Mowag T1 4x4 GW 3500 chassis. It was used as a moving target for the armor Wurfgranate (exercise) as well as for practice with shells of rocket tube (20mm insert operation), the SIG SG 510 assault rifle and practice with hand grenades | Mowag 4x4 armored reconnaissance vehicle (armored dummy) |
4,947 | An opposing force (alternatively enemy force, abbreviated OPFOR or OpFor) is a military unit tasked with representing an enemy, usually for training purposes in war game scenarios. The related concept of aggressor squadron is used by some air forces. The United States maintains the Fort Irwin National Training Center with the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment serving in the OPFOR role | Opposing force |
4,948 | The Partnership for Peace Consortium is a network of over 800 defense academies and security studies institutes across 60 countries. Founded in 1998 during the NATO Summit, the PfPC was chartered to promote defense institution building and foster regional stability through multinational education and research, which the PfPC accomplishes via a network of educators and researchers. It is based at the George C | Partnership for Peace Consortium of Defense Academies and Security Studies Institutes |
4,949 | Passing out is the official graduation ceremony following the completion of a course by military or other uniformed service personnel at their respective training school, college, or military academy, largely in Commonwealth nations. Soldiers, sailors, or airmen take part in a passing out military parade upon completion of a basic training course. The military parade during the 'passing out' ceremony may also consist of military bands, and other displays of synchronisation discipline such as a flypast, which may also include acrobatics | Passing out (military) |
4,950 | Patrulha Aérea Civil (PAC) - "Civil Air Patrol" in Portuguese, is a nonprofit corporation, congressionally chartered by the (1213/1959) law, supported by the federal government, serving as a civilian auxiliary of the Brazilian Air Force.
History
The "Patrulha Aérea Civil" was conceived in the late 1950s with strong influence from the "Civil Air Patrol" which has existed in the United States since the 1930s and officially created in December 1941. Brazilian Air Force officials who visited CAP-USA ("Civil Air Patrol") envisioned the usefulness of a similar organization in Brazil, filling a gap in search and rescue | Patrulha Aérea Civil |
4,951 | Pennant International Group Plc comprises a number of individual companies which provide engineering products and services to wide range of markets in the UK, Canada, Australasia and the US. Its head office is in Cheltenham, UK.
The Company operates through three segments:
Training Systems, both hardware and software based, in the defence sector,
Data Services, to the defence, rail, power and government sectors,
Software, including the Omega suite of software sold into the Canadian and Australian defence sectors | Pennant International |
4,952 | A pugil stick is a heavily padded pole-like training weapon used since the early 1940s by military personnel in training for rifle and bayonet combat. The pugil stick is similar to a quarterstaff or Japanese bo, and may be marked to indicate which end represents the bayonet and which the rifle butt. Dr | Pugil stick |
4,953 | A range-finder painting, sometimes called range-finding painting, is a large landscape painting produced as a training device to help gunners improve their accuracy. Historically, the best-documented use of such paintings was in the United States during World War I.
History
During World War I, some military gunnery training was carried out indoors | Range-finder painting |
4,954 | Military recruit training, commonly known as basic training or boot camp, refers to the initial instruction of new military personnel. It is a physically and psychologically intensive process, which resocializes its subjects for the unique demands of military employment.
Major characteristics
Initial military training is an intensive residential programme commonly lasting several weeks or months, which aims to induct newly recruited military personnel into the social norms and essential tasks of the armed forces | Military recruit training |
4,955 | Refresher training is a form of updating military knowledge of the reservist troops. Troops who completed the conscription service can be called for refresher training for some number of days.
Refresher training in the Finnish Defence Forces
In the Finnish Defence Forces (FDF), Officers and NCOs can be ordered to refresher training for 100 days in addition to their original military service and the rank and file (privates and other lower ranks) for 75 or 40 days | Refresher training (military) |
4,956 | Returned To Unit or RTU refers to a military member being returned to their home base or home unit, either due to their being medically unfit, their requesting to be withdrawn from training, or their being unfit for training or otherwise disorderly. As military members can only be court-martialed at their home base or unit, being RTU'd for misconduct can often be a precursor to further judicial punishment.
RTU'ing is a concept used during a period of specialist training, whereby a service person has been extracted or detached from their home unit | Returned to unit |
4,957 | The Smart Onboard Data Interface Module (SMODIM) is used by the United States Army and foreign militaries for live simulated weapons training on military platforms. The SMODIM is the primary component of the Longbow Apache Tactical Engagement Simulation System (LBA TESS) that provides weapons systems training and collective Force-on-Force live training participation. TESS is an advanced weapons training system developed for the AH-64 Apache to support force-on-force and force-on-target live training at U | Smart onboard data interface module |
4,958 | The Special Patrol Insertion/Extraction (SPIE) system was developed as a means to rapidly insert and/or extract a reconnaissance patrol from an area that does not permit a helicopter to land. SPIE has application for rough terrain as well as water inserts/extracts. It is an adaptation of the STABO rig | Special Patrol Insertion/Extraction |
4,959 | Sub-caliber training is used to save wear and expense when training with a larger gun by use of smaller weapons (sometimes, but not always, with very similar ballistic characteristics). The smaller weapons could be inserted into the larger weapon's barrel, externally attached to the barrel or mounted above the weapon.
Examples include 2 | Sub-caliber training |
4,960 | A tactical decision game is a decision game that puts students in the role of the commander of a tactical unit who is faced with a challenging problem. While most tactical decision games depict problems faced by the commanders of military units, a growing number deal with the situations of types dealt with by police and firefighting organizations .
The tactical decision game is known by a variety of names | Tactical decision game |
4,961 | A Tactical Engagement Simulation (TES) is a training system for using weapons. Laser transmitters are typically used instead of bullets, larger rounds, or shorter-range guided weapons such as anti-tank missiles. A laser transmitter is mounted on the weapon and aligned with the weapon's barrel | Tactical engagement simulation |
4,962 | A target tug is an aircraft which tows an unmanned drone, a fabric drogue or other kind of target, for the purposes of gun or missile target practice. Target tugs are often conversions of transport and utility aircraft, as well as obsolescent combat types. Some, such as the Miles Martinet, were specially designed for the role | Target tug |
4,963 | A train-and-equip program is a military operation in which one country provides training and equipment to an ally. The practice typically involves the transfer of expertise and materiel from a stronger military to a weaker one, as an alternative to fighting together outright. The United States military has run several train-and-equip programs in recent military history | Train-and-equip program |
4,964 | Unifight (or Universal Fight) is a competitive training system with military applications. The competition is formed of two consecutive stages: the first stage is an obstacle course with close quarters battle – any missed obstacle disqualifies the contestant; the second stage is a bout of full-contact hand-to-hand combat.
History
In the last 10–20 years in the development of martial arts there fundamentally new trend – the emergence of new species based on the integration and aggregation from other sports | Unifight |
4,965 | Military engineering is loosely defined as the art, science, and practice of designing and building military works and maintaining lines of military transport and military communications. Military engineers are also responsible for logistics behind military tactics. Modern military engineering differs from civil engineering | Military engineering |
4,966 | A combat engineer (also called pioneer or sapper) is a type of soldier who performs military engineering tasks in support of land forces combat operations. Combat engineers perform a variety of military engineering, tunnel and mine warfare tasks, as well as construction and demolition duties in and out of combat zones. Combat engineers facilitate the mobility of friendly forces while impeding that of the enemy | Combat engineer |
4,967 | The Academy of Military Engineering of Guadalajara (Spanish: Academia de Ingenieros de Guadalajara) was a military academy in Guadalajara, Spain. It operated in Guadalajara from 1833 until its move to Segovia in 1932 as part of its merger with the Artillery Academy (Academia de Artilleros).
The Academy was located in the Montesclaros Palace, in the west of the city, until a 1924 fire destroyed part of the premises and an important collection of models, documents, books, and artworks | Academy of Military Engineering of Guadalajara |
4,968 | An area denial weapon is a defensive device used to prevent an adversary from occupying or traversing an area of land, sea or air. The specific method may not be totally effective in preventing passage, but is sufficient to severely restrict, slow down, or endanger the opponent. Some area denial weapons pose risks to civilians entering the area even long after combat has ended, and consequently are often controversial | Area denial weapon |
4,969 | An assault pioneer is an infantryman who is responsible for:
The construction of tools for infantry soldiers to cross natural and man-made obstacles as well as breaching of enemy fortifications
Supervising the construction of field defensive works such as bunkers, support weapon firing positions, etc.
The use of demolitions, land mines and booby traps, as well as their clearance
Performing of all other normal infantry duties as the situation requiresAssault pioneers are lineal descendants of pioneers who have formed an essential part of armies since at least the time of the Roman legions. These pioneers were normally employed to march in front of the advancing army, clearing the route as necessary | Assault pioneer |
4,970 | A blasting mat is a mat usually made of sliced-up rubber tires bound together with ropes, cables or chains. They are used during rock blasting to contain the blast, prevent flying rocks and suppress dust.
Use
Blasting mats are used when explosives are detonated in places such as quarries or construction sites | Blasting mat |
4,971 | A camouflet, in military science, is an artificial cavern created by an explosion. If the explosion reaches the surface then it is called a crater. The term was originally defined as a countermine dug by defenders to prevent the undermining of a fortress's walls during a siege | Camouflet |
4,972 | Military engineering is loosely defined as the art, science, and practice of designing and building military works and maintaining lines of military transport and military communications. Military engineers are also responsible for logistics behind military tactics. Modern military engineering differs from civil engineering | Military engineering |
4,973 | De architectura (On architecture, published as Ten Books on Architecture) is a treatise on architecture written by the Roman architect and military engineer Marcus Vitruvius Pollio and dedicated to his patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus, as a guide for building projects. As the only treatise on architecture to survive from antiquity, it has been regarded since the Renaissance as the first book on architectural theory, as well as a major source on the canon of classical architecture. It contains a variety of information on Greek and Roman buildings, as well as prescriptions for the planning and design of military camps, cities, and structures both large (aqueducts, buildings, baths, harbours) and small (machines, measuring devices, instruments) | De architectura |
4,974 | The Engineer Command (Italian: Comando Genio) in Rome-Cecchignola commands the specialized engineer regiments of the Italian Army and it is tasked with training of all officers and troops destined for engineer units, as well as with both doctrinal and operational tasks. The Engineer Command was established in 2010 and underwent a series of reorganizations, shifting from a Brigade-level command to a Division-level element. Nowadays, it keeps the traditions and the honours of the Arm of Engineers, and its commander is the Inspector of the Arm of the Engineers | Engineer Command (Italy) |
4,975 | Galeas per montes (galleys across mountains) is the name given to a feat of military engineering made between December 1438 and April 1439 by the Republic of Venice, when several Venetian ships, including galleys and frigates were transported from the Adriatic Sea to Lake Garda. The operation required towing the ships upstream on the river Adige until Rovereto, then transporting the fleet by land to Torbole, on the Northern shores of the lake. The second leg of the journey was the most remarkable achievement, requiring a land journey 20 km through the Loppio Lake and the narrow Passo San Giovanni | Galeas per montes |
4,976 | The Independent Engineer Battalion "Codru" (Romanian: Batalionul de geniu „Codru”) is the engineering formation of the Moldovan National Army, based in the village of Negrești, Strășeni District. Soldiers of the battalion soldiers have been on international missions, including the Kosovo Force mission in Kosovo.
History
The battalion was formed on 16 October 1992 | Independent Engineer Battalion "Codru" |
4,977 | Krakatoa is a modular explosive device used for explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) or demolitions developed by the British company Alford Technologies. The device is designed to fire a number of different projectiles, operates both in air and underwater, and can be used in a vertical or horizontal orientation. The device was featured during the second season of Discovery Channel's television series Future Weapons, in which it was shown penetrating an inch of steel plate at 25 yards | Krakatoa (explosive) |
4,978 | Lightening holes are holes in structural components of machines and buildings used by a variety of engineering disciplines to make structures lighter. The edges of the hole may be flanged to increase the rigidity and strength of the component. The holes can be circular, triangular, elliptical, or rectangular and should have rounded edges, but they should never have sharp corners, to avoid the risk of stress risers, and they must not be too close to the edge of a structural component | Lightening holes |
4,979 | Marston Mat, more properly called pierced (or perforated) steel planking (PSP), is standardized, perforated steel matting material developed by the United States at the Waterways Experiment Station shortly before World War II, primarily for the rapid construction of temporary runways and landing strips (also misspelled as Marsden matting). The nickname came from Marston, North Carolina, adjacent to Camp Mackall airfield where the material was first used.
Description
Pierced (pressed, steel planking, named after the manufacturing process) steel planking consisted of steel strips with punched lightening holes in it | Marston Mat |
4,980 | Military geology is the application of geological theory to warfare and the peacetime practices of the military. The formal practice of military geology began during the Napoleonic Wars; however, geotechnical knowledge has been applied since the earliest days of siege warfare. In modern warfare military geologists are used for terrain analysis, engineering, and the identification of resources | Military geology |
4,981 | Minentaucher is the German term for mine clearance divers. The Minentaucherkompanie is a specialist unit within the German Navy responsible for underwater tasks including removing or salvaging underwater munitions such as mines and for servicing underwater drones. It is part of the Sea Battalion and is based in Eckernförde | Minentaucher |
4,982 | Mobile barrages squad is an element of a combat or operational order in the form of a temporary military formation, which is created from units of engineering troops and army aviation.
The abbreviation for the temporary formation of troops or forces used in service documents is MBS. The main purpose of MBS is to set up mine blast barrages during combat and to destroy transport infrastructure on behalf of friendly forces | Mobile barrage squad |
4,983 | The Engineers Museum (officially The pioneer museum, in Finnish: valtakunnallinen, i. e. , all-national, Pioneerimuseo, in Russian: Музей саперных войск) is the oldest corps museum in Finland | Engineers Museum |
4,984 | Obstacles to troop movement represent either natural, human habitat originated, constructed, concealed obstacles, or obstructive impediments to movement of military troops and their vehicles, or to their visibility. By impeding strategic, operational or tactical manoeuvre, the obstacle represents an added barrier between opposing combat forces, and therefore prevent achievement of objectives and goals specified in the operational planning schedule. The constructed obstacles are used as an aid to defending a position or area as part of the general defensive plan of the commander | Obstacles to troop movement |
4,985 | A pioneer () is a soldier employed to perform engineering and construction tasks. The term is in principle similar to sapper or combat engineer.
Pioneers were originally part of the artillery branch of European armies | Pioneer (military) |
4,986 | Project BAMBI (BAllistic Missile Boost Intercept) was a project as part of the United States national missile defense.
At the end of the Second World War, the United States and the Soviet Union began confiscating various German intellectual property for use by their own countries. Among these plans were the plans for intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) that arrived in New York in 1946 | Project BAMBI |
4,987 | A radio latino is a measuring instrument used in surveying and military engineering starting in the 16th century. It gets its name from the inventor, Latino Orsini. The radio latino can be considered a kind of geometric square | Radio latino |
4,988 | Railway troops are soldiers who are also railway engineers. They build, repair, operate or destroy militarily relevant railway lines and their associated infrastructure.
History
The establishment of railway troops by the great powers followed the emergence, rapid growth and rising importance of the railway network, when the advantages of the railway for the transport of troops, heavy weapons and supplies became recognised | Railway troops |
4,989 | The Reich Labour Service (Reichsarbeitsdienst; RAD) was a major paramilitary organization established in Nazi Germany as an agency to help mitigate the effects of unemployment on the German economy, militarise the workforce and indoctrinate it with Nazi ideology. It was the official state labour service, divided into separate sections for men and women.
From June 1935 onward, men aged between 18 and 25 may have served six months before their military service | Reich Labour Service |
4,990 | The military engineering of Ancient Rome's armed forces was of a scale and frequency far beyond that of any of its contemporaries. Indeed, military engineering was in many ways institutionally endemic in Roman military culture, as demonstrated by each Roman legionary having as part of his equipment a shovel, alongside his gladius (sword) and pila (spears).
Fabri were workers, craftsmen or artisans in Roman society and descriptions of early Roman army structure (Phalanx, the Legion came around the conquest of Greece) attributed to king Servius Tullius describe there being two centuriae of fabri under an officer, the praefectus fabrum | Roman military engineering |
4,991 | Reconnaissance is the of the operational environment in reconnaissance operations of routes for military use, including methods of reconnoitering and classifying them for other troops. In a k during ll the primary purpose of conducting route reconnaissance is to find and report all enemy forces that can interfere with movement along a route, and to identify the limit of direct-fire range and terrain that dominates the route.
Route reconnaissance process
Preparation
Route reconnaissance includes creation of reconnaissance overlays to identify land and water features, bridge reconnaissance and classification, road reconnaissance and classification, special terrain reconnaissance such as that used during cross-country movement, at the landing areas, on the inland waterways, or when using footpaths and trails, engineer reconnaissance, and use of military route signs (standard signs, sign lighting, bridge signs) | Route reconnaissance |
4,992 | The Royal Australian Naval Bridging Train was a unique unit of the Royal Australian Navy. It was active only during the First World War, where it served in the Gallipoli and the Sinai and Palestine Campaigns. The Train was formed in February 1915 and stood down in May 1917 | Royal Australian Naval Bridging Train |
4,993 | The Royal Engineers Museum, Library and Archive is a military engineering museum and library in Gillingham, Kent. It tells the story of the Corps of Royal Engineers and British military engineering in general.
History
The 'Ravelin Building', which was designed by Major E | Royal Engineers Museum |
4,994 | The Columbia Detachment of the Royal Engineers was a contingent of the Royal Engineers of the British Army that was responsible for the foundation of British Columbia as the Colony of British Columbia (1858–66). It was commanded by Colonel Richard Clement Moody, FICE FRGS RIBA, Kt. (France) | Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment |
4,995 | The Salpa Line Museum (Finnish: Salpalinja-museo, Russian: Музей линии "Салпа") was established and opened in 1987 by the Miehikkälä municipality and World War II veteran organisations. It is the first museum established belonging to the museums of Miehikkälä. The other museum is Miehikkälän kotiseutumuseo, the Miehikkala local arts-and-crafts museum, which was established in 1989 and is in the same building as the Engineers Museum | Salpa Line Museum |
4,996 | A sapper, also called a combat engineer, is a combatant or soldier who performs a variety of military engineering duties, such as breaching fortifications, demolitions, bridge-building, laying or clearing minefields, preparing field defenses, and road and airfield construction and repair. They are also trained and equipped to serve as provisional infantry, fighting as such as a secondary mission. A sapper's duties facilitate and support movement, defense, and survival of allied forces and impede those of enemies | Sapper |
4,997 | Sapping is a term used in siege operations to describe the digging of a covered trench (a "sap") to approach a besieged place without danger from the enemy's fire. The purpose of the sap is usually to advance a besieging army's position towards an attacked fortification. It is excavated by specialised military units, whose members are often called sappers | Sapping |
4,998 | Terrestrial reconnaissance, or ground recon, is a type of reconnaissance that is employed along the elements of ground warfare. It is the collection of intelligence that strictly involves routes, areas, zones (terrain-oriented); and the enemy (force-oriented). Ground reconnaissance is considered to be the most effective type of reconnaissance but also the slowest method in obtaining information about the terrain and enemy | Terrestrial reconnaissance |
4,999 | In trench warfare, a traverse is an adaptation to reduce casualties to defenders occupying a trench. One form of traverse is a U-shaped detour in the trench with the trench going around a protrusion formed of earth and sandbags. The fragments or shrapnel, or shockwave from a shell landing and exploding within a trench then cannot spread horizontally past the obstacle the traverse interposes | Traverse (trench warfare) |
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