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5,700 | Transcription factor E2F1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the E2F1 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The E2F family plays a crucial role in the control of cell cycle and action of tumor suppressor proteins and is also a target of the transforming proteins of small DNA tumor viruses | E2F1 |
5,701 | Transcription factor E2F2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the E2F2 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The E2F family plays a crucial role in the control of cell cycle and action of tumor suppressor proteins and is also a target of the transforming proteins of small DNA tumor viruses | E2F2 |
5,702 | Transcription factor E2F3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the E2F3 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The E2F family plays a crucial role in the control of cell cycle and action of tumor suppressor proteins and is also a target of the transforming proteins of small DNA tumor viruses | E2F3 |
5,703 | Transcription factor E2F4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the E2F4 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The E2F family plays a crucial role in the control of cell cycle and action of tumor suppressor proteins and is also a target of the transforming proteins of small DNA tumor viruses | E2F4 |
5,704 | Transcription factor E2F5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the E2F5 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The E2F family plays a crucial role in the control of cell cycle and action of tumor suppressor proteins and is also a target of the transforming proteins of small DNA tumor viruses | E2F5 |
5,705 | Transcription factor E4F1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the E4F1 gene.
Function
The zinc finger protein encoded by this gene is one of several cellular transcription factors whose DNA-binding activities are regulated through the action of adenovirus E1A. A 50-kDa amino-terminal product is generated from the full-length protein through proteolytic cleavage | E4F1 |
5,706 | EGR-1 (Early growth response protein 1) also known as ZNF268 (zinc finger protein 268) or NGFI-A (nerve growth factor-induced protein A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EGR1 gene.
EGR-1 is a mammalian transcription factor. It was also named Krox-24, TIS8, and ZENK | EGR1 |
5,707 | Early growth response protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EGR2 gene. EGR2 (also termed Krox20) is a transcription regulatory factor, containing three zinc finger DNA-binding sites, and is highly expressed in a population of migrating neural crest cells. It is later expressed in the neural crest derived cells of the cranial ganglion | EGR2 |
5,708 | Early growth response protein 3 is a protein in humans, encoded by the EGR3 gene. The gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that belongs to the EGR family of C2H2-type zinc-finger proteins. It is an immediate-early growth response gene which is induced by mitogenic stimulation | EGR3 |
5,709 | ETS homologous factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EHF gene.
This gene encodes a protein that belongs to an ETS transcription factor subfamily characterized by epithelial-specific expression (ESEs). The encoded protein acts as a transcriptional repressor and may be associated with asthma susceptibility | EHF (gene) |
5,710 | E74-like factor 1 (ets domain transcription factor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELF1 gene.
Function
This gene encodes an E26 transformation-specific related transcription factor. The encoded protein is primarily expressed in lymphoid cells and can act as both an enhancer and a repressor to regulate transcription of various genes | ELF1 |
5,711 | E74-like factor 5 (ets domain transcription factor), is a gene found in both mice and humans. In humans it is also called ESE2.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of an epithelium-specific subclass of the ETS transcription factor family | ELF5 |
5,712 | ETS Like-1 protein Elk-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELK1. Elk-1 functions as a transcription activator. It is classified as a ternary complex factor (TCF), a subclass of the ETS family, which is characterized by a common protein domain that regulates DNA binding to target sequences | ELK1 |
5,713 | ETS domain-containing protein Elk-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELK3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ETS-domain transcription factor family and the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily. Proteins in this subfamily regulate transcription when recruited by serum response factor to bind to serum response elements | ELK3 |
5,714 | ETS domain-containing protein Elk-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELK4 gene.
Function
This gene is a member of the Ets family of transcription factors and of the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily. Proteins of the TCF subfamily form a ternary complex by binding to the serum response factor and the serum response element in the promoter of the c-fos proto-oncogene | ELK4 |
5,715 | Homeobox protein EMX1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EMX1 gene. The transcribed EMX1 gene is a member of the EMX family of transcription factors. The EMX1 gene, along with its family members, are expressed in the developing cerebrum (also known as the telencephalon) | EMX1 |
5,716 | Homeobox protein Emx2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EMX2 gene.
Function
The homeodomain transcription factor EMX2 is critical for central nervous system and urogenital development. EMX1 (MIM 600034) and EMX2 are related to the 'empty spiracles' gene expressed in the developing Drosophila head | EMX2 |
5,717 | Homeobox protein engrailed-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EN1 gene.
Function
Homeobox-containing genes are thought to have a role in controlling development. In Drosophila, the engrailed (en) gene plays an important role during development in segmentation, where it is required for the formation of posterior compartments | EN1 (gene) |
5,718 | Homeobox protein engrailed-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EN2 gene. It is a member of the engrailed gene family.
Function
Homeobox-containing genes are thought to have a role in controlling development | EN2 (gene) |
5,719 | Eomesodermin also known as T-box brain protein 2 (Tbr2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EOMES gene.
The Eomesodermin/Tbr2 gene, EOMES, encodes a member of a conserved protein family that shares a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors, which control gene expression, involved in the regulation of developmental processes | Eomesodermin |
5,720 | Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 (EPAS1, also known as hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha (HIF-2α)) is a protein that is encoded by the EPAS1 gene in mammals. It is a type of hypoxia-inducible factor, a group of transcription factors involved in the physiological response to oxygen concentration. The gene is active under hypoxic conditions | EPAS1 |
5,721 | ERG (ETS-related gene) is an oncogene. ERG is a member of the ETS (erythroblast transformation-specific) family of transcription factors. The ERG gene encodes for a protein, also called ERG, that functions as a transcriptional regulator | ERG (gene) |
5,722 | HERV-R_7q21. 2 provirus ancestral envelope (Env) polyprotein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERV3 gene.
Function
The human genome includes many retroelements including the human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), which compose about 7-8% of the human genome | ERV3 |
5,723 | Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor (mainly found as a chromatin-binding protein)
that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen. In humans, ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (EStrogen Receptor 1).
Structure
The estrogen receptor (ER) is a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription | Estrogen receptor alpha |
5,724 | Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) also known as NR3A2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 2) is one of two main types of estrogen receptor—a nuclear receptor which is activated by the sex hormone estrogen. In humans ERβ is encoded by the ESR2 gene.
Function
ERβ is a member of the family of estrogen receptors and the superfamily of nuclear receptor transcription factors | Estrogen receptor beta |
5,725 | Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), also known as NR3B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group B, member 1), is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the ESRRA (Estrogen Related Receptor Alpha) gene. ERRα was originally cloned by DNA sequence homology to the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα, NR3A1), but subsequent ligand binding and reporter-gene transfection experiments demonstrated that estrogens did not regulate ERRα. Currently, ERRα is considered an orphan nuclear receptor | Estrogen-related receptor alpha |
5,726 | Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERR-gamma), also known as NR3B3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group B, member 3), is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the ESRRG (EStrogen Related Receptor Gamma) gene. It behaves as a constitutive activator of transcription. This protein is a member of nuclear hormone receptor family of steroid hormone receptors | Estrogen-related receptor gamma |
5,727 | In the field of molecular biology, the ETS (E26 transformation-specific or E-twenty-six. (Erythroblast Transformation Specific)) family is one of the largest families of transcription factors and is unique to animals. There are 29 genes in humans, 28 in the mouse, 10 in Caenorhabditis elegans and 9 in Drosophila | ETS transcription factor family |
5,728 | Ets variant 5 (ETV5) (also named ERM transcription factor) is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the ETV5 gene. It is generated in Sertoli cells, which are found in the testes and play a crucial role in spermatogenesis. Its ortholog has been linked to both obesity and bipolar disorder | Ets variant 5 |
5,729 | Protein C-ets-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ETS1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ETS family of transcription factors.
Function
There are 28 ETS genes in humans and 27 in mice | ETS1 |
5,730 | ETS translocation variant 4 (ETV4), also known as polyoma enhancer activator 3 (PEA3), is a member of the PEA3 subfamily of Ets transcription factors.
Disease marker
Two variants of a disease associated with ETV4 is Ewing Sarcoma and Extraosseous Ewing's Sarcoma. While both are cancerous tumors, the former grows in the bones most commonly affecting the arms, legs, hips, and spine, while the later affects the soft tissue in the chest, foot, pelvis and spine | ETV4 |
5,731 | ETV6 (i. e. translocation-Ets-leukemia virus) protein is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the ETV6 (previously known as TEL) gene | ETV6 |
5,732 | FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription, sometimes facilitates chromatin transactions) is a heterodimeric protein complex that affects eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription elongation both in vitro and in vivo. It was discovered in 1998 as a factor purified from human cells that was essential for productive, in vitro Pol II transcription on a chromatinized DNA template. FACT consists of 140 and 80 kilodalton (kDa) subunits | FACT (biology) |
5,733 | The bile acid receptor (BAR), also known as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) or NR1H4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4), is a nuclear receptor that is encoded by the NR1H4 gene in humans.
Function
FXR is expressed at high levels in the liver and intestine. Chenodeoxycholic acid and other bile acids are natural ligands for FXR | Farnesoid X receptor |
5,734 | Four and a half LIM domains protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FHL1 gene.
Structure
LIM proteins, named for 'LIN11, ISL1, and MEC3,' are defined by the possession of a highly conserved double zinc finger motif called the LIM domain.
Role in muscle disorders
FHL1 has been shown to be heavily expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles | FHL1 |
5,735 | Four and a half LIM domains protein 2 also known as FHL-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FHL2 gene. LIM proteins contain a highly conserved double zinc finger motif called the LIM domain.
Function
FHL-2 is thought to have a role in the assembly of extracellular membranes and may function as a link between presenilin-2 and an intracellular signaling pathway | FHL2 |
5,736 | Four and a half LIM domains protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FHL3 gene. LIM proteins are defined by the possession of a highly conserved double zinc finger motif called the LIM domain. [supplied by OMIM]
Function
FHL3 plays a role in myogenesis and also stimulates the development of neural crest by enhancing BMP signaling | FHL3 |
5,737 | Folliculogenesis-specific basic helix-loop-helix, also known as factor in the germline alpha (FIGalpha) or transcription factor FIGa, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FIGLA gene. The FIGLA gene is a germ cell-specific transcription factor preferentially expressed in oocytes that can be found on human chromosome 2p13. 3 | FIGLA |
5,738 | Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor (FLI1), also known as transcription factor ERGB, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLI1 gene, which is a proto-oncogene.
Function
Fli-1 is a member of the ETS transcription factor family that was first identified in erythroleukemias induced by Friend Murine Leukemia Virus (F-MuLV). Fli-1 is activated through retroviral insertional mutagenesis in 90% of F-MuLV-induced erythroleukemias | FLI1 |
5,739 | The fluffy (fl) gene of Neurospora crassa is required for asexual sporulation and encodes an 88 kDa polypeptide containing a typical fungal Zn2Cys6 DNA-binding motif.
References
Rerngsamran P, Murphy MB, Doyle SA, Ebbole DJ (April 2005). "Fluffy, the major regulator of conidiation in Neurospora crassa, directly activates a developmentally regulated hydrophobin gene" | Fluffy transcription factor |
5,740 | Protein fosB, also known as FosB and G0/G1 switch regulatory protein 3 (G0S3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (FOSB) gene. The FOS gene family consists of four members: FOS, FOSB, FOSL1, and FOSL2. These genes encode leucine zipper proteins that can dimerize with proteins of the JUN family (e | FOSB |
5,741 | Fos-related antigen 1 (FRA1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOSL1 gene.
Function
The Fos gene family consists of 4 members: c-Fos, FOSB, FOSL1, and FOSL2. These genes encode leucine zipper proteins that can dimerize with proteins of the JUN family, thereby forming the transcription factor complex AP-1 | FOSL1 |
5,742 | Fos-related antigen 2 (FRA2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOSL2 gene.
Function
The Fos gene family consists of 4 members: c-Fos, FOSB, FOSL1, and FOSL2. These genes encode leucine zipper proteins that can dimerize with proteins of the JUN family, thereby forming the transcription factor complex AP-1 | FOSL2 |
5,743 | NPAS3 or Neuronal PAS domain protein 3 is a brain-enriched transcription factor belonging to the bHLH-PAS superfamily of transcription factors, the members of which carry out diverse functions, including circadian oscillations, neurogenesis, toxin metabolism, hypoxia, and tracheal development. NPAS3 contains basic helix-loop-helix structural motif and PAS domain, like the other proteins in the superfamily.
Function
NPAS3 is also known as human accelerated region 21 | NPAS3 |
5,744 | Lysine-specific demethylase 5B also known as histone demethylase JARID1B is a demethylase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KDM5B gene. JARID1B belongs to the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylase superfamily.
Function
Jarid1B (also known as KDM5B or PLU1) is in the family of JHDM genes | JARID1B |
5,745 | GA-binding protein alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABPA gene.
Function
This gene encodes one of three GA-binding protein transcription factor subunits which functions as a DNA-binding subunit. Since this subunit shares identity with a subunit encoding the nuclear respiratory factor 2 gene, it is likely involved in activation of cytochrome oxidase expression and nuclear control of mitochondrial function | GABPA |
5,746 | GA-binding protein subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABPB1 gene. This gene encodes the GA-binding protein transcription factor, beta subunit. This protein forms a tetrameric complex with the alpha subunit, and stimulates transcription of target genes | GABPB2 |
5,747 | GATA transcription factors are a family of transcription factors characterized by their ability to bind to the DNA sequence "GATA". GATA transcription factors have been correlated to their broader influence on stem cell development. Findings however, have pointed to a more direct influence by GATA transcription factors, as they are salient components in the more concentrated regulation of gene expression | GATA transcription factor |
5,748 | GATA-binding factor 1 or GATA-1 (also termed Erythroid transcription factor) is the founding member of the GATA family of transcription factors. This protein is widely expressed throughout vertebrate species. In humans and mice, it is encoded by the GATA1 and Gata1 genes, respectively | GATA1 |
5,749 | GATA2 or GATA-binding factor 2 is a transcription factor, i. e. a nuclear protein which regulates the expression of genes | GATA2 |
5,750 | GATA3 is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the GATA3 gene. Studies in animal models and humans indicate that it controls the expression of a wide range of biologically and clinically important genes. The GATA3 transcription factor is critical for the embryonic development of various tissues as well as for inflammatory and humoral immune responses and the proper functioning of the endothelium of blood vessels | GATA3 |
5,751 | Transcription factor GATA-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GATA4 gene.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the GATA family of zinc finger transcription factors. Members of this family recognize the GATA motif which is present in the promoters of many genes | GATA4 |
5,752 | Transcription factor GATA-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GATA5 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that contains two GATA-type zinc fingers. The encoded protein is known to bind to hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha (HNF-1alpha), and this interaction is essential for cooperative activation of the intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase promoter | GATA5 |
5,753 | Transcription factor GATA-6, also known as GATA-binding factor 6 (GATA6), is protein that in humans is encoded by the GATA6 gene. The gene product preferentially binds (A/T/C)GAT(A/T)(A) of the consensus binding sequence.
Clinical significance
Mutations in the gene have been linked with pancreatic agenesis and congenital heart defects | GATA6 |
5,754 | Gcn4 is a transcription factor and a “master regulator” for gene expression which regulates close to one tenth of the yeast genome.
In a study by Razaghi et al, amino acid starvation activated the transcription factor Gcn4p, resulting in transcriptional induction of almost all genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis, including HIS4. Thus involvement of Gcn4 in regulation of both histidinol dehydrogenase HIS4 and interferon gamma hIFNγ was hypothesised as a scenario explaining the increased level of hIFNγ under amino acid starvation | Gcn4 |
5,755 | General transcription factors (GTFs), also known as basal transcriptional factors, are a class of protein transcription factors that bind to specific sites (promoter) on DNA to activate transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. GTFs, RNA polymerase, and the mediator (a multi-protein complex) constitute the basic transcriptional apparatus that first bind to the promoter, then start transcription. GTFs are also intimately involved in the process of gene regulation, and most are required for life | General transcription factor |
5,756 | The germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF), also known as RTR (retinoid receptor-related testis-associated receptor) or NR6A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 6, group A, member 1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR6A1 gene. GCNF is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors .
In adults, GCNH is expressed mainly in the germ cells of gonads and is involved in the regulation of embryogenesis and germ cell differentiation | Germ cell nuclear factor |
5,757 | Zinc finger protein Gfi-1 is a transcriptional repressor that in humans is encoded by the GFI1 gene. It is important normal hematopoiesis.
Interactions
GFI1 has been shown to interact with PIAS3 and RUNX1T1 | GFI1 |
5,758 | Zinc finger protein GLI1 also known as glioma-associated oncogene is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GLI1 gene. It was originally isolated from human glioblastoma cells.
Function
The Gli proteins are the effectors of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling and have been shown to be involved in cell fate determination, proliferation and patterning in many cell types and most organs during embryo development | GLI1 |
5,759 | Zinc finger protein GLI2 also known as GLI family zinc finger 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GLI2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor. GLI2 belongs to the C2H2-type zinc finger protein subclass of the Gli family | GLI2 |
5,760 | Zinc finger protein GLI3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GLI3 gene. This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the C2H2-type zinc finger proteins subclass of the Gli family. They are characterized as DNA-binding transcription factors and are mediators of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling | GLI3 |
5,761 | Glis1 (Glis Family Zinc Finger 1) is gene encoding a Krüppel-like protein of the same name whose locus is found on Chromosome 1p32. 3. The gene is enriched in unfertilised eggs and embryos at the one cell stage and it can be used to promote direct reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells, also known as iPS cells | GLIS1 |
5,762 | Glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRLF1 gene.
Function
The human glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding factor, which associates with the promoter region of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (hGR gene), is a repressor of glucocorticoid receptor transcription. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA sequences show the presence of three sequence motifs characteristic of a zinc finger and one motif suggestive of a leucine zipper in which 1 cysteine is found instead of all leucines | GRLF1 |
5,763 | Transcription initiation factor IIA subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2A1 gene.
Interactions
GTF2A1 has been shown to interact with TATA binding protein and TBPL1.
See also
Transcription Factor II A
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of GTF2A1 function | GTF2A1 |
5,764 | General transcription factor IIF subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2F2 gene.
Interactions
GTF2F2 has been shown to interact with POLR2E and HTATSF1.
See also
Transcription Factor II F
References
Further reading
External links
GTF2F2+protein,+human at the U | GTF2F2 |
5,765 | General transcription factor IIH subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2H1 gene.
Interactions
GTF2H1 has been shown to interact with:
See also
Transcription Factor II H
References
Further reading
External links
GTF2H1+protein,+human at the U. S | GTF2H1 |
5,766 | General transcription factor IIH subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2H2 gene.
Function
This gene is part of a 500 kb inverted duplication on chromosome 5q13. This duplicated region contains at least four genes and repetitive elements which make it prone to rearrangements and deletions | GTF2H2 |
5,767 | General transcription factor II-I is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2I gene.
Function
This gene encodes a multifunctional phosphoprotein, TFII-I, with roles in transcription and signal transduction. Haploinsuffiency (deletion of one copy) of the GTF2I gene is noted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at chromosome 7q11 | GTF2I |
5,768 | Transcription factor IIIA is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF3A gene. It was first isolated and characterized by Wolffe and Brown in 1988.
The TFIIIA in Xenopus was the first zinc finger protein discovered | GTF3A |
5,769 | General transcription factor 3C polypeptide 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF3C1 gene.
Interactions
GTF3C1 has been shown to interact with GTF3C4.
References
Further reading
External links
GTF3C1+protein,+human at the U | GTF3C1 |
5,770 | General transcription factor 3C polypeptide 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF3C2 gene.
Interactions
GTF3C2 has been shown to interact with GTF3C4 and GTF3C5.
References
Further reading
External links
GTF3C2+protein,+human at the U | GTF3C2 |
5,771 | Heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAND1 gene. A member of the HAND subclass of basic Helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, the Heart and neural crest-derived transcript-1 (HAND1) gene is vital for the development and differentiation of three distinct embryological lineages including the cardiac muscle cells of the heart, trophoblast of the placenta, and yolk sac vasculogenesis. Most highly related to twist-like bHLH genes in amino acid identity and embryonic expression, HAND1 can form homo- and heterodimer combinations with multiple bHLH partners, mediating transcriptional activity in the nucleus | HAND1 |
5,772 | Heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAND2 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. This gene product is one of two closely related family members, the HAND proteins Hand1 and Hand2, which are asymmetrically expressed in the developing ventricular chambers and play an essential role in cardiac morphogenesis | HAND2 |
5,773 | In molecular biology, heat shock factors (HSF), are the transcription factors that regulate the expression of the heat shock proteins. A typical example is the heat shock factor of Drosophila melanogaster.
Function
Heat shock factors (HSF) are transcriptional activators of heat shock genes | Heat shock factor |
5,774 | Helix-turn-helix is a DNA-binding protein (DBP). The helix-turn-helix (HTH) is a major structural motif capable of binding DNA. Each monomer incorporates two α helices, joined by a short strand of amino acids, that bind to the major groove of DNA | Helix-turn-helix |
5,775 | HNF4 (Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4) is a nuclear receptor protein mostly expressed in the liver, gut, kidney, and pancreatic beta cells that is critical for liver development. In humans, there are two paralogs of HNF4, HNF4α and HNF4γ, encoded by two separate genes HNF4A and HNF4G respectively.
Ligands
HNF4 was originally classified as an orphan receptor that exhibits constitutive transactivation activity apparently by being continuously bound to a variety of fatty acids | Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 |
5,776 | Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A) also known as NR2A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group A, member 1) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the HNF4A gene.
Function
HNF-4α is a nuclear transcription factor that binds DNA as a homodimer. The encoded protein controls the expression of several genes, including hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha, a transcription factor which regulates the expression of several hepatic genes | Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha |
5,777 | Hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs) are a group of phylogenetically unrelated transcription factors that regulate the transcription of a diverse group of genes into proteins. These proteins include blood clotting factors and in addition, enzymes and transporters involved with glucose, cholesterol, and fatty acid transport and metabolism.
Function
As the name suggests, hepatocyte nuclear factors are expressed predominantly in the liver | Hepatocyte nuclear factors |
5,778 | Transcription factor HES1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1) is a protein that is encoded by the Hes1 gene, and is the mammalian homolog of the hairy gene in Drosophila. HES1 is one of the seven members of the Hes gene family (HES1-7). Hes genes code nuclear proteins that suppress transcription | HES1 |
5,779 | Transcription factor HES-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HES5 gene. HES5 regulates the development of the early brain by maintaining stem cell neural progenitors in the ventricular zone. HES5 expression significantly higher in squamous cervical carcinoma than in CIN as well as higher in CIN than normal cervical epithelia | HES5 |
5,780 | Transcription cofactor HES-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HES6 gene.
Interactions
HES6 has been shown to interact with TLE1.
References
Further reading
External links
HES6+protein,+human at the U | HES6 |
5,781 | (HES7) or bHLHb37 is protein coding mammalian gene found on chromosome 17 in humans. HES7 is a member of the Hairy and Enhancer of Split families of Basic helix-loop-helix proteins. The gene product is a transcription factor and is expressed cyclically in the presomitic mesoderm as part of the Notch signalling pathway | HES7 gene |
5,782 | Homeobox expressed in ES cells 1, also known as homeobox protein ANF, is a homeobox protein that in humans is encoded by the HESX1 gene. Expression of HEX1 and HESX1 marks the anterior visceral endoderm of the embryo. The AVE is an extra-embryonic tissue, key to the establishment of the anterior-posterior body axis | HESX1 |
5,783 | The family of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) ("Chromobox Homolog", CBX) consists of highly conserved proteins, which have important functions in the cell nucleus. These functions include gene repression by heterochromatin formation, transcriptional activation, regulation of binding of cohesion complexes to centromeres, sequestration of genes to the nuclear periphery, transcriptional arrest, maintenance of heterochromatin integrity, gene repression at the single nucleosome level, gene repression by heterochromatization of euchromatin, and DNA repair. HP1 proteins are fundamental units of heterochromatin packaging that are enriched at the centromeres and telomeres of nearly all eukaryotic chromosomes with the notable exception of budding yeast, in which a yeast-specific silencing complex of SIR (silent information regulatory) proteins serve a similar function | Heterochromatin protein 1 |
5,784 | Hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HEY1 gene.
Function
This gene encodes a nuclear protein belonging to the hairy and enhancer of split-related (HESR) family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-type transcriptional repressors. Expression of this gene is induced by the Notch and c-Jun signal transduction pathways | HEY1 |
5,785 | Hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 2 (HEY2) also known as cardiovascular helix-loop-helix factor 1 (CHF1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HEY2 gene. This protein is a type of transcription factor that belongs to the hairy and enhancer of split-related (HESR) family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-type transcription factors. It forms homo- or hetero-dimers that localize to the nucleus and interact with a histone deacetylase complex to repress transcription | HEY2 |
5,786 | Hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HEYL gene. This gene encodes a member of the hairy and enhancer of split-related (HESR) family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-type transcription factors. The sequence of the encoded protein contains a conserved bHLH and orange domain, but its YRPW motif has diverged from other HESR family members | HEYL |
5,787 | Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HHEX gene and also known as Proline Rich Homeodomain protein PRH. This gene encodes a member of the homeobox family of transcription factors, many of which are involved in developmental processes. Expression in specific hematopoietic lineages suggests that this protein may play a role in hematopoietic differentiation but the expression of this protein is not limited to hematopoietic cells | HHEX |
5,788 | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, also known as HIF-1-alpha, is a subunit of a heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) that is encoded by the HIF1A gene. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019 was awarded for the discovery of HIF.
HIF1A is a basic helix-loop-helix PAS domain containing protein, and is considered as the master transcriptional regulator of cellular and developmental response to hypoxia | HIF1A |
5,789 | Hypoxia-inducible factor 3 alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIF3A gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha-3 subunit of one of several alpha/beta-subunit heterodimeric transcription factors that regulate many adaptive responses to low oxygen tension (hypoxia). The alpha-3 subunit lacks the transactivation domain found in factors containing either the alpha-1 or alpha-2 subunits | HIF3A |
5,790 | High-Mobility Group or HMG is a group of chromosomal proteins that are involved in the regulation of DNA-dependent processes such as
transcription, replication, recombination, and DNA repair.
Families
The HMG proteins are subdivided into 3 superfamilies each containing a characteristic functional domain:
HMGA – contains an AT-hook domain
HMGA1
HMGA2
HMGB – contains a HMG-box domain
HMGB1
HMGB2
HMGB3
HMGB4
HMGN – contains a nucleosomal binding domain
HMGN1
HMGN2
HMGN3
HMGN4
HMGN5Proteins containing any of these embedded in their sequence are known as HMG motif proteins.
HMG-box proteins are found in a variety of eukaryotic organisms | High-mobility group |
5,791 | Zinc finger protein 40 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIVEP1 gene. Members of the ZAS family, such as ZAS1 (HIVEP1), are large proteins that contain a ZAS domain, a modular protein structure consisting of a pair of C2H2 zinc fingers with an acidic-rich region and a serine/threonine-rich sequence. These proteins bind specific DNA sequences, including the kappa-B motif (GGGACTTTCC), in the promoters and enhancer regions of several genes and viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | HIVEP1 |
5,792 | Transcription factor HIVEP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIVEP2 gene.
Function
Members of the ZAS family, such as ZAS2 (HIVEP2), are large proteins that contain a ZAS domain, a modular protein structure consisting of a pair of C2H2 zinc fingers with an acidic-rich region and a serine/threonine-rich sequence. These proteins bind specific DNA sequences, including the kappa-B motif (GGGACTTTCC), in the promoters and enhancer regions of several genes and viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | HIVEP2 |
5,793 | Transcription factor HIVEP3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIVEP3 gene.
Function
Members of the ZAS family, such as ZAS3 (HIVEP3), are large proteins that contain a ZAS domain, a modular protein structure consisting of a pair of C2H2 zinc fingers with an acidic-rich region and a serine/threonine -rich sequence. These proteins bind specific DNA sequences, including the kappa-B motif (GGGACTTTCC), in the promoters and enhancer regions of several genes and viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | HIVEP3 |
5,794 | Hepatic leukemia factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLF gene.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the proline and acidic-rich (PAR) protein family, a subset of the bZIP transcription factors. The encoded protein forms homodimers or heterodimers with other PAR family members and binds sequence-specific promoter elements to activate transcription | HLF (gene) |
5,795 | Homeobox Protein HB24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLX gene.
Role in development
Hlx belongs to the class of homeobox transcription factors, initially cloned from a B-lymphocyte cell line. Targeted knockout of the gene has demonstrated its vital role in liver and gut organogenesis | HLX (gene) |
5,796 | HMGA is a family of high mobility group proteins characterized by an AT-hook. They code for a "small, nonhistone, chromatin-associated protein that has no intrinsic transcriptional activity but can modulate transcription by altering the chromatin architecture". Mammals have two orthologs: HMGA1 and HMGA2 | HMGA |
5,797 | High-mobility group protein HMG-I/HMG-Y is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGA1 gene.
Function
This gene encodes a non-histone chromatin protein involved in many cellular processes, including regulation of inducible gene transcription, DNA replication, heterochromatin organization, integration of retroviruses into chromosomes, and the metastatic progression of cancer cells.
HMGA1 proteins are quite small (~10-12 kDa) and basic molecules, and consist of three AT-hooks with the RGRP (Arg-Gly-Arg-Pro) core motif, a novel cross-linking domain located between the second and third AT-hook, and a C-terminal acidic tail characteristic for the HMG family comprising HMGA, HMGB and HMGN proteins | HMGA1 |
5,798 | High-mobility group AT-hook 2, also known as HMGA2, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the HMGA2 gene.
Function
This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the non-histone chromosomal high-mobility group (HMG) protein family. HMG proteins function as architectural factors and are essential components of the enhanceosome | HMGA2 |
5,799 | High mobility group box 1 protein, also known as high-mobility group protein 1 (HMG-1) and amphoterin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGB1 gene. HMG-1 belongs to the high mobility group and contains a HMG-box domain.
Function
Like the histones, HMGB1 is among the most important chromatin proteins | HMGB1 |
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