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6,100 | The Covenant of Mayors is a European co-operation movement involving local and regional authorities. Signatories of the Covenant of Mayors voluntarily commit to increasing energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources on their territories. By their commitment, they support the European Union 20% CO2 reduction objective to be reached by 2020 | Covenant of Mayors |
6,101 | The creative city is a concept that argues creativity should be considered a strategic factor in urban development. In addition to cities being efficient and fair, a creative city provides places, experiences, favorites, attractions, and opportunities to foster creativity among its citizens.
Creativity and imagination in urban activities
The creative city, when introduced, was seen as aspirational; a clarion call to encourage open-mindedness and imagination implying a dramatic impact on organizational culture | Creative city |
6,102 | This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 26 August 2021 and 24 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Andrew 43333 | Talk:Creative city |
6,103 | Critical Reconstruction is a theory of architecture and urbanism originally developed by the Berlin architect Josef Paul Kleihues. It was first applied at Berlin's International Building Exhibition in the 1980s, and was subsequently used in the reconstruction of the city after the fall of the Berlin Wall under Senate Building Director Hans Stimmann. Critical Reconstruction encouraged a return to traditional (pre-World War II) architectural styles and typologies, and sought to recreate the pedestrian-centered urban street life of the early twentieth-century European metropolis through the restoration of the inner city’s original baroque-era street plan | Critical reconstruction |
6,104 | Cyclability is the degree of ease of bicycle circulation. A greater degree of cyclability in cities is related, among others, to benefits for people's health, lower levels of air and noise pollution, improved fluidity of traffic or increased productivity.
Cyclability factors
Among the factors that affect cyclability are:
Safety
The safety of cycle paths is a requirement for high cyclability:
The safest roads are those that are segregated from motorized traffic (bike lanes), followed by shared paths and, finally, lanes shared with other vehicles | Cyclability |
6,105 | Cycling advocacy consists of activities that call for, promote or enable increased adoption and support for cycling and improved safety and convenience for cyclists, usually within urbanized areas or semi-urban regions. Issues of concern typically include policy, administrative and legal changes (the consideration of cycling in all governance); advocating and establishing better cycling infrastructure (including road and junction design and the creation, maintenance of bike lanes and separate bike paths, and bike parking); public education regarding the health, transportational and environmental benefits of cycling for both individuals and communities, cycling and motoring skills; and increasing public and political support for bicycling. There are many organisations worldwide whose primary mission is to advocate these goals | Cycling advocacy |
6,106 | The daily urban system (DUS) refers to the area around a city, in which daily commuting occurs. It is a means for defining an urban region by including the areas from which individuals commute. Daily Urban System is a concept first introduced by the American geographer Berry, and then introduced into Europe by the British geographer Hall | Daily urban system |
6,107 | The day–evening–night noise level or Lden is a 2002 European standard to express noise level over an entire day. It imposes a penalty on sound levels during evening and night and it is primarily used for noise assessments of airports, busy main roads, main railway lines and in cities over 100,000 residents. The penalty for sound production during evenings and nights is due to higher nuisance perception during quieter hours and to prevent sleep deprivation for nearby residents | Day–evening–night noise level |
6,108 | The defensible space theory of architect and city planner Oscar Newman encompasses ideas about crime prevention and neighborhood safety. Newman argues that architectural and environmental design plays a crucial part in increasing or reducing criminality. The theory developed in the early 1970s, and he wrote his first book on the topic, Defensible Space, in 1972 | Defensible space theory |
6,109 | A design code is a document that sets rules for the design of a new development in the United Kingdom. It is a tool that can be used in the design and planning process, but goes further and is more regulatory than other forms of guidance commonly used in the English planning system over recent decades. It can be thought of as a process and document – and therefore a mechanism – which operationalises design guidelines or standards which have been established through a masterplan process | Design code (United Kingdom) |
6,110 | Design Commons is a deconstructed conference founded by the CEO of Interactive Africa, Ravi Naidoo in collaboration with World Design Weeks founder Kari Korkman. The event was established in 2017 and acts as a travelling discussion platform on the future of cities. Unlike the conventional conference format, Design Commons places stakeholders in urban planning and public space at the same table as notable designers to foster a sense of common ground and find solutions to some of the world's pressing issues | Design Commons |
6,111 | Unicorn Island is a planned development of office buildings and landscaping designed to attract and foster technology companies with valuations of more than $1 billion, "unicorns. " Its area spans 67 hectares (170 acres). Zaha Hadid Architects is developing the plan for the Chengdu government on the eastern shore of Xin Long Lake in Chengdu, China | Unicorn Island |
6,112 | Development Assessment Panels are independent decision-making bodies with the power to determine high value development applications in Western Australia. The panels contain five members—three industry professionals and two elected members of the local government. The purpose of the panels is to introduce more consistent decision-making into the determination of development applications and to refocus the attention of elected members in local governments on higher-level strategic planning and policy matters | Development Assessment Panels |
6,113 | Eight Mile-Wyoming area (alternatively known as Eight Mile ) is located nearly 10 miles (16 km) from Paradise Valley on the northern boundary of Detroit and minimally resembled inner-city neighborhoods. Originally settled in the 1920s by thousands of optimistic migrant farmers, the area became a settlement opportunity for Blacks to construct and own their own homes. The area was fought over for development and housing projects for decades and represented an isolated concentration of Blacks in a vast population of whites | Eight Mile-Wyoming area |
6,114 | Environmental, ecological or green gentrification is a process in which cleaning up pollution or providing green amenities increases local property values and attracts wealthier residents to a previously polluted or disenfranchised neighbourhood. Green amenities include green spaces, parks, green roofs, gardens and green and energy efficient building materials. These initiatives can heal many environmental ills from industrialization and beautify urban landscapes | Environmental gentrification |
6,115 | Eurocities is a network of large cities in Europe, established in 1986 by the mayors of six large cities: Barcelona, Birmingham, Frankfurt, Lyon, Milan, and Rotterdam. Today, Eurocities members include over 200 of Europe's major cities from 38 countries, which between them represent over 130 million people. Eurocities is one of the major city networks in the EU | Eurocities |
6,116 | An extension agency is an organisation that practises extension, in the context of community development. An example is the Cooperative Extension Service, which aims to assist individuals or groups in defining and achieving their goals in rural communities in the USA.
Extension agents are trained in the skills of extension, such as communication and group facilitation, and usually in technical areas of the sector they serve (for example agriculture, health, or safety) | Extension agency |
6,117 | An eyesore is something that is largely considered to look unpleasant or ugly. Its technical usage is as an alternative perspective to the notion of landmark. Common examples include dilapidated buildings, graffiti, litter, polluted areas, and excessive commercial signage such as billboards | Eyesore |
6,118 | Buildings that utilize urban camouflage, sometimes known as transformer housings in specific situations and commonly labeled as "fake buildings" and "fake façades" by the public, are structures or purposeful follies designed to disguise electronic transformers and other types of properties that are aesthetically unpleasing in an urban environment. These buildings are commonly found in residential towns and cities, where they blend in with the surrounding architecture and hide the presence of hidden equipment.
History
The popularization of urban camouflage dates back to the early 1900s when substations were first introduced in Toronto, Canada | Fake buildings |
6,119 | Farmland preservation is a joint effort by non-governmental organizations and local governments to set aside and protect examples of a region's farmland for the use, education, and enjoyment of future generations. They are operated mostly at state and local levels by government agencies or private entities such as land trusts and are designed to limit conversion of agricultural land to other uses that otherwise might have been more financially attractive to the land owner. Every state provides tax relief through differential (preferential) assessment | Farmland preservation |
6,120 | "First Friday" is a name for various public events in some cities (particularly in the United States) that occur on the first Friday of every month.
These citywide events may take on many purposes, including art gallery openings, and social and political networking. American cities have promoted such events to bring people to historic areas perceived as dangerous, using the "safety in numbers" mentality to combat urban decay | First Friday (public event) |
6,121 | The Flexible Land Tenure System (FLTS) is an innovative concept to provide affordable security of tenure to inhabitants in informal settlements in Namibia.
The basic idea of the Flexible Land Tenure System is to establish an interchangeable tenure registration system parallel and complementary to the current formal system of freehold tenure. The concept is derived from the need by the Government to create upgradeable alternative land tenure options to informal settlements, which complements the current formal system of freehold tenure | Flexible Land Tenure System (Namibia) |
6,122 | The Food Project is a non-profit organization that employs teenagers on farms in Lincoln, Roxbury and the North Shore of Massachusetts. It focuses on community improvement and outreach, and education about health, leadership, charity, and sustainable agriculture. The youth are recruited from urban areas of Boston, Lynn, and surrounding suburbs to plant and harvest crops for sale at Farmers' Markets and CSAs, and donation to local hunger-relief organizations and homeless shelters | The Food Project |
6,123 | A footpath (also pedestrian way, walking trail, nature trail) is a type of thoroughfare that is intended for use only by pedestrians and not other forms of traffic such as motorized vehicles, bicycles and horses. They can be found in a wide variety of places, from the centre of cities, to farmland, to mountain ridges. Urban footpaths are usually paved, may have steps, and can be called alleys, lanes, steps, etc | Footpath |
6,124 | A Form-Based Code (FBC) is a means of regulating land development to achieve a specific urban form. Form-Based Codes foster predictable built results and a high-quality public realm by using physical form (rather than separation of uses) as the organizing principle, with less focus on land use, through municipal regulations. An FBC is a regulation, not a mere guideline, adopted into city, town, or county law and offers a powerful alternative to conventional zoning regulation | Form-based code |
6,125 | A formula restaurant is a type of formula retail business. It is characterized as a restaurant regulated by contractual or other arrangements to standardize menus, ingredients, food preparation, interior and exterior design and/or uniforms. The term refers to the characteristics of the restaurant rather than its ownership, following a business model controlled by an overseeing corporation | Formula restaurant |
6,126 | Freeway removal is a public policy of urban planning to demolish freeways and create mixed-use urban areas, parks, residential, commercial, or other land uses. Such highway removal is often part of a policy to promote smart growth, transit-oriented development, walkable and bicycle-friendly cities. In some cases freeways are re-imagined as boulevards, rebuilt as below-grade freeways underneath caps-and-stitches, or relocated through less densely-developed areas | Freeway removal |
6,127 | Fuzzy architectural spatial analysis (FASA) (also fuzzy inference system (FIS) based architectural space analysis or fuzzy spatial analysis) is a spatial analysis method of analysing the spatial formation and architectural space intensity within any architectural organization. Fuzzy architectural spatial analysis is used in architecture, interior design, urban planning and similar spatial design fields.
Overview
Fuzzy architectural spatial analysis was developed by Burcin Cem Arabacioglu (2010) from the architectural theories of space syntax and visibility graph analysis, and is applied with the help of a fuzzy system with a Mamdami inference system based on fuzzy logic within any architectural space | Fuzzy architectural spatial analysis |
6,128 | The Gabinete de Urbanização Colonial (1944-1974) of Portugal was a government office responsible for urban planning in Portuguese colonies in Africa and Asia. It began operating in 1945. In 1951 it became the Gabinete de Urbanização do Ultramar, and in 1957 the Direcção de Serviços de Urbanismo e Habitação of the Overseas Ministry public works department | Gabinete de Urbanização Colonial |
6,129 | A garden square is a type of communal garden in an urban area wholly or substantially surrounded by buildings; commonly, it continues to be applied to public and private parks formed after such a garden becomes accessible to the public at large. The archetypal garden square is surrounded by tall terraced houses and other types of townhouse. Because it is designed for the amenity of surrounding residents, it is subtly distinguished from a town square designed to be a public gathering place: due to its inherent private history, it may have a pattern of dedicated footpaths and tends to have considerably more plants than hard surfaces or large monuments | Garden square |
6,130 | The gem towns are 51 British towns chosen by the Council for British Archaeology in 1964 from a list 324 historic towns and cities that were thought to be "particularly splendid and precious". The compilation of the list was in response to the 1963 Colin Buchanan report, Traffic in Towns and the redevelopment of Worcester town centre which was seen as insensitive and causing the loss of many heritage assets. The inclusion of a town on the list is still cited in tourist publicity and local authority development plans | Gem towns |
6,131 | The general rating of city appeal — is a method for calculating and comparing the city appeal and urban environment, based on determining their number values and the threshold of appeal. The method is based on collection, description and assessment of qualitative and quantitative indices.
Quantitative indices are represented by annual statistical data on the cities of the Russian Federation, whereas qualitative characteristics are represented by own properties of a city | General rating of city appeal |
6,132 | The gjitonia is a form of consolidated social cooperation and today little present in the whole historical Arbëreshë region.
It differs from the typical Italian "rione" for its urban architecture and social contribution.
Etymology
The word gjitonìa is a complex word that contains social values of parental extraction of the ancient extended family Arbëreshë; literally from Albanian gjitonìa, gjit / ngjit or 'neighborhood' or 'the neighbor', in detail the medieval Albanian word, it is used by arvaniti, or those Albanian populations established secularly in present-day Greece, while it is less widespread, or in other cases disappeared, in Albania (or 'place of the five senses', gjitonë is "literally the opposite of the indigenous neighborhood") [without source] | Gjitonia |
6,133 | Greater Port Harcourt City Development Authority (GPHCDA) is an agency of the Government of Rivers State, the second largest economy in Nigeria. It was formed under Law No. 2 of 2009 on Greater Port Harcourt City Development Authority | Greater Port Harcourt City Development Authority |
6,134 | Green development is a real estate development concept that considers social and environmental impacts of development. It is defined by three sub-categories: environmental responsiveness, resource efficiency, and community and cultural sensitivity. Environmental responsiveness respects the intrinsic value of nature, and minimizes damage to an ecosystem | Green development |
6,135 | Growth management, in the United States, is a set of techniques used by the government to ensure that as the population grows that there are services available to meet their demands. Growth management goes beyond traditional land use planning, zoning and subdivision controls in both the characteristics of development influenced and the scope of government powers used. These are not necessarily only government services | Growth management |
6,136 | A guerrilla crosswalk is a pedestrian crossing that has been modified or created without jurisdictional approval, and with the intent of improving pedestrian and other non-automobile safety. These interventions are a common strategy within tactical urbanism, a type of low-cost, often temporary change to the built environment intended to improve local livability. Guerilla crosswalks have been noted in news articles since at least 2009 and have become more well known as an urban strategy in recent years | Guerrilla crosswalk |
6,137 | The term Habitat I refers to the first United Nations Conference on Human Settlements, in Vancouver, British Columbia in Canada, 31 May – 11 June 1976, which was convened by the United Nations as governments began to recognize the magnitude and consequences of rapid urbanization.
On 16 December 1976 the General Assembly adopted resolution 31/109. It took note of the conference report, the Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements, which carried an action plan with 64 recommendations for National Action | Habitat I |
6,138 | Habitat II, the Second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements, was held in Istanbul, Turkey, from 3–14 June 1996, twenty years after Habitat I held in Vancouver, Canada, in 1976. Popularly called the "City Summit", it brought together high-level representatives of national and local governments, as well as private sector, NGOs, research and training institutions and the media. Universal goals of ensuring adequate shelter for all and human settlements safer, healthier and more livable cities, inspired by the Charter of the United Nations, were discussed and endorsed | Habitat II |
6,139 | Habitat III, the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development, took place in Quito, Ecuador, from 17 – 20 October 2016.
The UN Conferences on Housing (Habitat) are occurring in the bi-decennial cycle (1976, 1996 and 2016). The United Nations General Assembly decided to convene The Habitat III Conference in its resolution 66/207 | Habitat III |
6,140 | The Heart of the City is a long-term project aiming at the redevelopment of the historic centre of Kaliningrad, the area surrounding the former Königsberg Castle and the House of Soviets. The project implementation unit is a Non-governmental organization Urban Planning Bureau "Heart of the City" (Russian name: Градостроительное бюро «Сердце города»), located in Kaliningrad, Russia.
About
The project emerged as a joint initiative of the members of the Ministry of Culture working under the leadership of the Governor of Kaliningrad Region, Nikolay Tsukanov | Heart of the City (Kaliningrad) |
6,141 | Height restriction laws are laws that restrict the maximum height of structures.
There are a variety of reasons for these measures. Some restrictions limit the height of new buildings so as not to block views of an older work decreed to be an important landmark by a government | Height restriction laws |
6,142 | The Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC) was the umbrella agency of various housing and development offices of the Philippine government. It was established by President Corazon Aquino through Executive Order No. 90, Series of 1986 | Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council |
6,143 | A housing estate (or sometimes housing complex, housing development, subdivision or community) is a group of homes and other buildings built together as a single development. The exact form may vary from country to country.
Popular throughout the United States and the United Kingdom, they often consist of single family detached, semi-detached ("duplex") or terraced homes, with separate ownership of each dwelling unit | Housing estate |
6,144 | Malo Hutson is the Dean of the School of Architecture at the University of Virginia. Prior to serving as dean, Hutson was an Associate Professor in Urban Planning at Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation with a focus on equity through urban policy, health and the built environment.
Education and career
Hutson received his Ph | Malo Huston |
6,145 | An ideal city is the concept of a plan for a city that has been conceived in accordance with a particular rational or moral objective.
Concept
The "ideal" nature of such a city may encompass the moral, spiritual and juridical qualities of citizenship as well as the ways in which these are realised through urban structures including buildings, street layout, etc. The ground plans of ideal cities are often based on grids (in imitation of Roman town planning) or other geometrical patterns | Ideal city |
6,146 | An ideal city is the concept of a plan for a city that has been conceived in accordance with a particular rational or moral objective.
Concept
The "ideal" nature of such a city may encompass the moral, spiritual and juridical qualities of citizenship as well as the ways in which these are realised through urban structures including buildings, street layout, etc. The ground plans of ideal cities are often based on grids (in imitation of Roman town planning) or other geometrical patterns | Ideal city |
6,147 | The Image of the City is a 1960 book by American urban theorist Kevin Lynch. The book is the result of a five-year study of Boston, Jersey City and Los Angeles on how observers take in information of the city, and use it to make mental maps. Lynch's conclusion was that people formed mental maps of their surroundings consisting of five basic elements | The Image of the City |
6,148 | Urban sociology is the sociological study of social life and human interaction in metropolitan areas. It is a normative discipline of sociology seeking to study the structures, processes, changes and problems of an urban area and by doing so providing inputs for planning and policy making.
A
abandonment — accessibility — Active Living — activity centre — adaptive reuse — Administration for Children and Families — Acid Rain Program(EPA) — achievement gap in the United States — affirmative action — African American — Aid to Families with Dependent Children(AFDC) — air quality(indoor) — Air Pollution Index — air quality index — alienation — amalgamation — annexation — anomie — arcology — arson — asset-based community development — Asian American — Athens Charter — automobile — automobile dependency — autonomy
B
bureaucracy — birth rate — block grant — budget — bus — business cycle — business park
C
capitalism — capital improvement plan — carpool — carsharing — central business district — central place theory — charter school — City Beautiful movement — City of Light Development — city rhythm — civil rights — class stratification — clean air act — communal garden — Communities Directory — community development — community land trust — community of place — Community Reinvestment Act — commuting — complete streets — concentric zone model — conservation easement — Context Sensitive Solutions — context theory — Copenhagenization (bicycling) — core frame model — corporation — cost of living(U | Index of urban sociology articles |
6,149 | Indigenous planning (or Indigenous community planning) is an ideological approach to the field of regional planning where planning is done by Indigenous peoples for Indigenous communities. Practitioners integrate traditional knowledge or cultural knowledge into the process of planning. Indigenous planning recognizes that "all human communities plan" and that Indigenous communities have been carrying out their own community planning processes for thousands of years | Indigenous planning |
6,150 | Industrial deconcentration is the movement of industrial zones (factories) away from the center of the city, and further away from each other. It is similar to suburbanization, a residential trend in which a large number of the population move away from the metropolis as the inner city becomes overcrowded.
Industrial deconcentration occurs when a previously established industrial district becomes unable to provide efficiently for its own populace due to overcrowding | Industrial deconcentration |
6,151 | Informal housing or informal settlement can include any form of housing, shelter, or settlement (or lack thereof) which is illegal, falls outside of government control or regulation, or is not afforded protection by the state. As such, the informal housing industry is part of the informal sector. To have informal housing status is to exist in "a state of deregulation, one where the ownership, use, and purpose of land cannot be fixed and mapped according to any prescribed set of regulations or the law" | Informal housing |
6,152 | Italo Insolera (Turin, February 7, 1929 – Rome, August 27, 2012) was an Italian architect, urban and land planner, and historian.
He published several books and essays dealing with the economic, social and cultural circumstances and conditions of urban development, and the use of the ancient town in the framework of metropolitan development. These issues were also the primary focus of his professional and academic work, where restoration and planning of historical towns and environmental systems prevail | Italo Insolera |
6,153 | The Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) is a non-governmental non-profit organization that focuses on developing bus rapid transit (BRT) systems, promoting biking, walking, and non-motorized transport, and improving private bus operators margins. Other programs include parking reform, traffic demand management, and global climate and transport policy. According to its mission statement, ITDP is committed to "promoting sustainable and equitable transportation worldwide | Institute for Transportation and Development Policy |
6,154 | Institutional analysis is that part of the social sciences which studies how institutions—i. e. , structures and mechanisms of social order and cooperation governing the behavior of two or more individuals—behave and function according to both empirical rules (informal rules-in-use and norms) and also theoretical rules (formal rules and law) | Institutional analysis |
6,155 | The Institutional Analysis and Development framework (IAD) was developed by Elinor Ostrom, an American political scientist, who was the first woman to receive the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2009. The IAD relates a set of concepts to help in the analysis of commons, such as fishery stocks, woodlands. Ostrom explored which institutional structures support arrangements that handle those resource stocks in a sustainable way, balancing individuals' use with the interest of a wider public | Institutional analysis and development framework |
6,156 | In the United States Department of Defense, the Integrated Master Plan (IMP) and the Integrated Master Schedule (IMS) are important program management tools that provide significant assistance in the planning and scheduling of work efforts in large and complex materiel acquisitions. The IMP is an event-driven plan that documents the significant accomplishments necessary to complete the work and ties each accomplishment to a key program event. The IMP is expanded to a time-based IMS to produce a networked and multi-layered schedule showing all detailed tasks required to accomplish the work effort contained in the IMP | Integrated master plan |
6,157 | The International charter for walking is an initiative undertaken by 'Walk21' to encourage walking in urban areas for benefits to health, the environment and the economy.
International scope
The government of the Australian Capital Territory is a signatory to the charter.
The Mayor of Stuttgart signed the charter on July 20, 2011 | International charter for walking |
6,158 | The Irish Planning Institute (IPI) is an all-island professional body representing professional planners engaged in physical and environmental planning in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
The IPI works with both its members and other built environment professionals to promote and improve the quality of planning, to represent the views of the planning profession and to contribute to education and environmental awareness in the wider community.
This is achieved through the hosting of conferences and CPD Events for its members; awarding, recognising and publishing best practice; making submissions on behalf of the planning profession on national policies, governance and other relevant publications and papers; and by representing the values of planning and planning professionals in the general media | Irish Planning Institute |
6,159 | An isochrone map in geography and urban planning is a map that depicts the area accessible from a point within a certain time threshold. An isochrone (iso = equal, chrone = time) is defined as "a line drawn on a map connecting points at which something occurs or arrives at the same time". In hydrology and transportation planning isochrone maps are commonly used to depict areas of equal travel time | Isochrone map |
6,160 | Jane’s Walk is a series of neighbourhood walking tours. Named after urban activist and writer Jane Jacobs, Jane's Walks are held annually during the first weekend in May to coincide with her birthday.
Jane's Walks are led by volunteers, and are offered for free | Jane's Walk |
6,161 | Jember Teferra (1943-2021) was an Ethiopian development worker, director of the Integrated Holistic Approach Urban Development Project in Addis Ababa and a great-niece of Emperor Haile Selassie.
Life
Jember Teferra was born on 21 May 1943 in Madagascar, the daughter of Generemaria Tereffa and Shiferraw Tereff. Her great-uncle was Haile Selassie, the last emperor of Ethiopia | Jember Teferra |
6,162 | The Johnny Jordaanplein, also known as Johnny Jordaan Square is a public square in the center of the Dutch city of Amsterdam which features outdoor sculptures. The square was named for musician Johnny Jordaan and it was dedicated in 1991.
History
The square was named for a popular musician in the mid-1900s: Johnny Jordaan which was the stage name of Johannes Hendricus van Musscher | Johnny Jordaanplein |
6,163 | The Kevin Lynch Award of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Department of Urban Studies and Planning, established in 1988, is named in honor of the urban planner and author Kevin A. Lynch. It is given to individuals or organizations which contribute to research in city form | Kevin Lynch Award |
6,164 | Land banking is the practice of aggregating parcels of land for future sale or development.
While in many countries land banking may refer to various private real estate investment schemes, in the United States it refers to the establishment of quasi-governmental county or municipal authorities tasked with managing an inventory of surplus land.
Municipal land banks in the United States
Definition
Land banks are quasi-governmental entities created by counties or municipalities to effectively manage and repurpose an inventory of underused, abandoned, or foreclosed property | Land banking |
6,165 | Land development is the alteration of landscape in any number of ways such as:
Changing landforms from a natural or semi-natural state for a purpose such as agriculture or housing
Subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes
Real estate development or changing its purpose, for example by converting an unused factory complex into a condominium.
Economic aspects
In an economic context, land development is also sometimes advertised as land improvement or land amelioration. It refers to investment making land more usable by humans | Land development |
6,166 | Land-use forecasting undertakes to project the distribution and intensity of trip generating activities in the urban area. In practice, land-use models are demand-driven, using as inputs the aggregate information on growth produced by an aggregate economic forecasting activity. Land-use estimates are inputs to the transportation planning process | Land-use forecasting |
6,167 | Landscape was a magazine of human geography founded by J. B. Jackson in 1951 and published three times a year in Berkeley, California until 1999 | Landscape (magazine) |
6,168 | Landscape and Urban Planning is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier. It covers landscape science (including landscape planning, design, and architecture), urban and regional planning, landscape and ecological engineering, landscape and urban ecology, and other practice-oriented fields. The editors-in-chief are Joan I | Landscape and Urban Planning |
6,169 | Landscape urbanism is a theory of urban design arguing that the city is constructed of interconnected and ecologically rich horizontal field conditions, rather than the arrangement of objects and buildings. Landscape Urbanism, like Infrastructural Urbanism and Ecological Urbanism, emphasizes performance over pure aesthetics and utilizes systems-based thinking and design strategies. The phrase 'landscape urbanism' first appeared in the mid 1990s | Landscape urbanism |
6,170 | Latino urbanism is a field of study that examines urban planning and urbanism from the perspective of Latino studies. It aims to highlight the contributions of Latinos to the making of American cities, and the theoretical interventions that Latino studies scholarship have generated in response to urban scholars lack of engagement with Latino populations. Scholars have attributed this lack of attention to disciplinary boundaries between urban studies and ethnic studies | Latino urbanism |
6,171 | Le Lignon is an urban development in the town of Vernier, canton of Geneva, Switzerland. It was built by architect George Addor between 1964 and 1966 and consists of three large buildings and is one of the largest apartment complexes in the world, containing 2,780 units. It is located on former farmland and was built to address a housing shortage in the 1960s and early 70s | Le Lignon |
6,172 | Leapfrog development occurs when developers skip over land to obtain cheaper land further away from cities, thus, leaving huge areas empty between the city and the new development. It can be seen when it comes to the development or urbanization of more rural areas.
Mechanism
Leapfrog development can occur for numerous reasons | Leapfrog development |
6,173 | A linear settlement is a (normally small to medium-sized) settlement or group of buildings that is formed in a long line. Many of these settlements are formed along a transport route, such as a road, river, or canal. Others form due to physical restrictions, such as coastlines, mountains, hills or valleys | Linear settlement |
6,174 | The title City of Seven Hills usually refers to Rome, which was founded on seven hills. However, there are many other cities that make the same claim.
Africa
Ceuta, Spain
Ibadan, Nigeria
Kampala, Uganda - the hills are Mengo, Lubaga, Namirembe, Old Kampala, Kibuli, Nakasero and Makerere
Yaoundé, Cameroon
Americas
Albany, New York
Athens, Texas
Asunción, Paraguay
Chicontepec, Mexico, whose name is Nahuatl for "on seven hills"
Cincinnati, Ohio (now encompasses more than seven)
Dubuque, Iowa
Ellicott City, Maryland
Guaranda, Ecuador
Kernersville, North Carolina
Lynchburg, Virginia, College Hill, Garland Hill, Daniel's Hill, Federal Hill, Diamond Hill, White Rock Hill, and Franklin Hill were the original "Seven Hills" of the City of Lynchburg | List of cities claimed to be built on seven hills |
6,175 | The United States government established planning organizations to provide for the coordination of land use, transportation and infrastructure. These Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) may exist as a separate, independent organization or they may be administered by a city, county, regional planning organization, highway commission or other government organization. Each MPO has its own structure and governance | List of metropolitan planning organizations in the United States |
6,176 | Localization and Urbanization Economies are two types of external economies of scale, or agglomeration economies. External economies of scale result from an increase in the productivity of an entire industry, region, or economy due to factors outside of an individual company. There are three sources of external economies of scale: input sharing , labor market pooling, and knowledge spillovers (Marshall, 1920) | Localization and Urbanization Economies |
6,177 | The Los Angeles School of Urbanism is an academic movement which emerged during the mid-1980s, loosely based at UCLA and the University of Southern California, which centers urban analysis on Los Angeles, California. The Los Angeles School redirects urban study away from notions of concentric zones and an ecological approach, used by the Chicago School during the 1920s, towards social polarization and fragmentation, hybridity of culture and auto-driven sprawl.
History
The first published identification of the Los Angeles (L | Los Angeles School |
6,178 | Madrid Nuevo Norte (Madrid New North), previously known as Operación Chamartín, is an urban redevelopment programme in the Spanish capital city of Madrid, managed and promoted by privately owned company Distrito Castellana Norte. After a decades-long administrative struggle, construction works are set to finally begin in 2021 and may only be completed by 2045. If executed in its entirety following current plans, the project will reshape 2 | Madrid Nuevo Norte |
6,179 | The Minot Area Growth through Investment and Cooperation Fund, or MAGIC Fund, is a growth fund financed through a one percent sales tax in the city of Minot, North Dakota. The fund was approved by voters on May 1, 1990, and the money is used for economic development, capital improvements and property tax relief. As of 2012 the MAGIC Fund has invested over $33 million into 200 projects in 44 communities | MAGIC Fund |
6,180 | The Malta Environment and Planning Authority (MEPA, Maltese: L-Awtorità ta' Malta dwar l-Ambjent u l-Ippjanar) was the national agency responsible for the environment and planning in Malta. It was established to regulate the environment and planning on the Maltese islands of Malta, Gozo and other small islets of the Maltese archipelago. MEPA was bound to follow the regulations of the Environment Protection Act (2001) and the Development Planning Act (1992) of the Laws of Malta | Malta Environment and Planning Authority |
6,181 | In England and Wales, the Manual for Streets, published in March 2007, provides guidance for practitioners involved in the planning, design, provision and approval of new streets, and modifications to existing ones. It aims to increase the quality of life through good design which creates more people-oriented streets. Although the detailed guidance in the document applies mainly to residential streets, the overall design principles apply to all streets within urban areas | Manual for Streets |
6,182 | Mapumental was a web-based application for displaying journeys in terms of how long they take, rather than by distance, a technique also known as isochrone or geospatial mapping. It was developed by British organisation mySociety but was withdrawn in 2020. Users input one or more postcodes and Mapumental displays a map overlaid with coloured bands, each of which represent a set increment of time | Mapumental |
6,183 | Marchetti's constant is the average time spent by a person for commuting each day. Its value is approximately one hour, or half an hour for a one-way trip. It is named after Italian physicist Cesare Marchetti, though Marchetti himself attributed the "one hour" finding to transportation analyst and engineer Yacov Zahavi | Marchetti's constant |
6,184 | Erwin Raphael McManus (born August 28, 1958) is an author, futurist, filmmaker, and fashion designer. He is the lead pastor of Mosaic, a megachurch based in Los Angeles. Erwin is a speaker on issues related to postmodernism and postmodern Christianity, and also writes and lectures on culture, identity, change, and other topics | Erwin McManus |
6,185 | A medina (from Arabic: مدينة, romanized: madīnah, lit. 'city') is a historical district in a number of North African cities, often corresponding to an old walled city. The term comes from the Arabic word simply meaning "city" or "town" | Medina quarter |
6,186 | Medium-density housing is a term used within urban planning and academic literature to refer to a category of residential development that falls between detached suburban housing and large multi-story buildings. There is no singular definition of medium-density housing as its precise definition tends to vary between jurisdiction. Scholars however, have found that medium density housing ranges from about 25 to 80 dwellings per hectare, although most commonly sits around 30 and 40 dwellings/hectare | Medium-density housing |
6,187 | A merger, consolidation or amalgamation, in a political or administrative sense, is the combination of two or more political or administrative entities, such as municipalities (in other words cities, towns, etc. ), counties, districts, etc. , into a single entity | Merger (politics) |
6,188 | Messestadt Riem (literally: Convention City Riem; Central Bavarian: Messestod Ream) is an urban district in the east of Munich. It is part of the municipality 15 Trudering-Riem, and located entirely on the grounds of the 1992 abandoned Munich-Riem airport and includes today, along with a residential area, the Neue Messe München trade fair center and the Riem Arcaden shopping mall.
History
Messestadt Riem is, after Freiham, the second youngest district of Munich | Messestadt Riem |
6,189 | Metropolitan Area Projects Plan (MAPS) is a multi-year, municipal capital improvement program, consisting of a number of projects, originally conceived in the 1990s in Oklahoma City by its then mayor Ron Norick. A MAPS program features several interrelated and defined capital projects, funded by a temporary sales tax (allowing projects to be paid for in cash, without incurring debt), administered by a separate dedicated city staff funded by the sales tax, and supervised by a volunteer citizens oversight committee.
In some ways, a MAPS program is similar to a local option sales tax | Metropolitan Area Projects Plan |
6,190 | A metropolitan planning organization (MPO) is a federally mandated and federally funded transportation policy-making organization in the United States that is made up of representatives from local government and governmental transportation authorities. They were created to ensure regional cooperation in transportation planning. MPOs were introduced by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962, which required the formation of an MPO for any urbanized area (UZA) with a population greater than 50,000 | Metropolitan planning organization |
6,191 | There are three metropolitan planning organizations (MPO) in New Jersey. The organizations are the main decision-making forums for selecting projects for the Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) in deliberations involving the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT), the New Jersey Transit Corporation (NJT), county and municipal transportation planners and engineers, other transportation implementing agencies, the public and elected officials at the state, county, and municipal levels. The state’s three MPO are:
The North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority (NJTPA), MPO ID# 34198200, includes Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean, Passaic, Somerset, Sussex, Union, and Warren counties in the Gateway Region, Skylands Region, and on northern Jersey Shore | Metropolitan planning organizations of New Jersey |
6,192 | Metropolitan Reticular Matrix Planning (also known as 'CT' planning - see below) is an approach to managing the growth of metropolises. It is a type of regional planning, as it deals with issues beyond strict city limits. It was first applied to the Madrid Metropolitan Plan in 1996 and has since been applied to a number of other metropolises | Metropolitan Reticular Matrix Planning |
6,193 | A microapartment, also known as a microflat, is a one-room, self-contained living space, usually purpose built, designed to accommodate a sitting space, sleeping space, bathroom and kitchenette with 14–32 square metres (150–350 sq ft). Unlike a traditional studio flat, residents may also have access to a communal kitchen, communal bathroom/shower, patio and roof garden. The microapartments are often designed for futons, or with pull-down beds, folding desks and tables, and extra-small or hidden appliances | Microapartment |
6,194 | The Milkwood City Project is also known as simply Milkwood, previously known as Wescape.
Milkwood is a proposed development project situated in the north-west region of the City of Cape Town, South Africa. Spanning 3,100 hectares (31 square kilometers), this development by urban company communiTgrow is expected to feature 200,000 houses, 400 educational institutions—including schools, crèches, and colleges—370 public service facilities like libraries and clinics, and 15 sports complexes once completed | Milkwood City Project |
6,195 | Michael C. Mitchell (born January 4, 1946 in Portland, Oregon) is an American planner, designer, lecturer and environmentalist. His work focuses primarily on the planning and design of destinations, attractions, leisure and rural development | Michael C. Mitchell |
6,196 | Mobility transition is a set of social, technological and political processes of converting traffic (including freight transport) and mobility to sustainable transport with renewable energy resources, and an integration of several different modes of private transport and local public transport. It also includes social change, a redistribution of public spaces, and different ways of financing and spending money in urban planning. The main motivation for mobility transition is the reduction of the harm and damage that traffic causes to people (mostly but not solely due to collisions) and the environment (which also often directly or indirectly affects people) in order to make (urban) society more livable, as well as solving various interconnected logistical, social, economic and energy issues and inefficiencies | Mobility transition |
6,197 | Modelur is a 3D parametric urban design software, implemented as a SketchUp plugin.
In contrast to common CAD applications, where the user designs buildings with usual dimensions such as width, depth, and height, Modelur offers the design of built environment through key urban parameters such as the number of storeys and gross floor area of a building. In addition, urban control values (i | Modelur |
6,198 | Modern Rome: From Napoleon to the Twenty-First Century is the first English edition of Italo Insolera’s classical historical urban study Roma moderna. Da Napoleone I al XXI secolo published in 2011 as the last of several editions, revisions and updates issued starting from 1962.
Insolera locates the birth of “modern” Rome in 1811, when Napoleon I signed what he considers the first modern laws in Rome’s history, and extends his analysis of Rome’s urban development up to 2011 | Modern Rome: From Napoleon to the Twenty-First Century |
6,199 | A monotown (a calque from Russian моногород, monogorod; gorod meaning "town") is a city/town whose economy is dominated by a single industry or company. This means that most employments (except for service to residents like schools and shops) are by the main company.
Russia
The term monotown is especially often used in Russia, where the Soviet planned economy created hundreds of monotowns in supposedly rational locations, often in geographically inhospitable areas | Monotown |
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