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[ "Chrisye", "Early solo and film career (1978-1982)", "when did his solo career begin?", "Chrisye's tenor voice and performance on Badai Pasti Berlalu led Amin Widjaja of Musica Studios to ask him to sign with Musica;", "what year was this?", "In May 1978 Chrisye began work on his first album", "what is the title of this album?", "Sabda Alam (Nature's Order),", "what is a song from the album?", "incorporating several songs by other artists and some written by himself, including the title song.", "how did the album perform?", "the album eventually sold 400,000 copies.", "did he tour?", "I don't know.", "what did people think of his music?", "Percik Pesona, released in August 1979, was a critical and commercial failure.", "what is a notable fact regarding his career?", "After deciding that romantic pop songs influenced by easy listening would suit him best, Chrisye began recording his next album,", "what was the album?", "Puspa Indah (Beautiful Flower).", "what is a song from the album?", "featured the English-language \"To My Friends on Legian Beach\"." ]

[ "This One's for You is the sixth album by R&B crooner Teddy Pendergrass. It was released just after a bad car accident Pendergrass was involved in, which left him paralyzed from the waist down due to a spinal cord injury. The album did not do as well as his previous albums did on the Billboard 200, peaking at only #59, but it did do well on the R&B album chart, reaching #6. Only one single was released, \"I Can't Win for Losing\", which peaked at only #32 on the R&B charts.\n\nTrack listing\n \"I Can't Win for Losing\" 4:16 (Victor Carstarphen, Gene McFadden, John Whitehead)\n \"This One's for You\" 6:18 (Barry Manilow, Marty Panzer)\n \"Loving You Was Good\" 3:35 (LeRoy Bell, Casey James)\n \"This Gift of Life\" 4:27 (Kenny Gamble, Leon Huff)\n \"Now Tell Me That You Love Me\" 5:15 (Gamble, Huff)\n \"It's Up to You (What You Do With Your Life)\" 5:37 (Gamble, Huff)\n \"Don't Leave Me out Along the Road\" 3:34 (Richard Roebuck)\n \"Only to You\" 3:53 (Nickolas Ashford, Valerie Simpson)\n\nReferences\n\n1982 albums\nTeddy Pendergrass albums\nAlbums produced by Kenneth Gamble\nAlbums produced by Leon Huff\nAlbums produced by Thom Bell\nAlbums produced by Ashford & Simpson\nAlbums arranged by Bobby Martin\nAlbums recorded at Sigma Sound Studios\nPhiladelphia International Records albums", "Follow Me is the second album of Dutch singer Do.\n\nIt did well in the Netherlands, debuting at #8 in the Mega Top 100 (album chart).\n\nAlbum information\nAfter her successful debut album Do she began working on her second album with her best friend and musical partner Glenn Corneille. They made a basis for the next album but Glenn Corneille died in a car disaster. However, Do needed to go on, so she started again where she left off.\n\nThe album contains 12 songs. Do co-wrote 3 songs; Love Me, Tune Into Me and When Everything is Gone. It features several different music genres, such as Pop, Jazz, Gospel and Country.\n\nTrack listing\n\nChart positions\n\nReferences\n.\n\n2006 albums\nDo (singer) albums\nSony BMG albums" ]

[ "Hereditary peer", "Ranks and titles" ]

[ "The peerage is the collective term for all those holding titles of nobility of all degrees. The term superseded the term \"baronage\" used of the feudal era. \nA Barony is a rank or dignity of a man or a woman who is a participant of a small rank of a British nobility.\n\nBritish Isles\n\nHereditary baronies\nThe hereditary Baronies fall into five classes:\nList of baronies in the Peerage of England\nList of Lordships of Parliament (in the Peerage of Scotland)\nList of baronies in the Peerage of Great Britain\nList of baronies in the Peerage of Ireland\nList of hereditary baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom\n\nThese have precedence in the order named, except that Baronies of Ireland created after 1 January 1801 (the date of the Union between Great Britain and Ireland) yield to earlier-created Baronies of the United Kingdom.\n\nLife baronies\nThe life Baronies fall into two classes:\nList of Life Peerages (created under the Life Peerages Act 1958):\nList of life peerages (1958–1979)\nList of life peerages (1979–1997)\nList of life peerages (1997–2010)\nList of life peerages (2010–present)\nList of Law Life Peerages (created under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876)\n\nAll life Baronies are in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, and rank amongst hereditary Baronies in that Peerage (and each other) by date of creation.\n\nHereditary feudal baronies\nThese are distinct from the titles above, created by writ or patent, and were constituents of the now defunct feudal baronage and are not therefore constituents of the modern, post-feudal peerage:\n\nList of English feudal baronies\nList of Scottish feudal baronies\nList of Marcher lordships\n\nSee also\nBaron\nBritish nobility\nFeudal baron\nList of barons in the peerages of Britain and Ireland\n\nReferences \n\n \nBaronies\nBaronies", "A Lord of Parliament () was the holder of the lowest form of peerage, entitled as of right to take part in sessions of the pre-Union Parliament of Scotland. Since that Union in 1707, it has been the lowest rank of the Peerage of Scotland, ranking below a viscount. A Lord of Parliament is said to hold a Lordship of Parliament.\n\nDetails\nThe peerage of Scotland differs from those of England and Ireland, in that its lowest rank is not that of baron. In Scotland, the term \"baron\" refers to a feudal baron, considered to be a minor lord who is not a peer, approximately equal to a baron in some continental countries. The Scottish equivalent to the English baron is the Lord of Parliament.\n\nA male holder of such a lordship is designated a \"Lord of Parliament,\" while there is no similar designation for female holders. Lords of Parliament are referred to as Lord X, while female holders of Lordships of Parliament are known as Lady X. The wife of a Lord of Parliament is also Lady X. Children of Lords of Parliament and female holders of Lordships of Parliament are styled The Honourable [Forename] [Surname], except that the heir apparent to the peerage is styled The Master of [peerage title]. Where succession by women is allowed, an heiress presumptive may be styled The Mistress of [peerage title]. After the death of father and/or mother, the child may continue to use the style \"the Honourable\".\n\nThe creation of Lordships of Parliament ceased when Scotland and England were combined into a single Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, when their parliaments were merged.\n\nFrom 1707 to 1963 the Scottish peers were represented in the House of Lords by representative peers, but from 1963 to 1999 they were all entitled to sit there. However, the House of Lords Act 1999 removed the right of hereditary peers, including Lords of Parliament, to sit in the House of Lords, except that a number of hereditary peers do still sit, following election by hereditary peers. In 1999, two Lords of Parliament were so elected: Lord Reay and the Lady Saltoun. Following the death of Lord Reay on 10 May 2013, only Lady Saltoun remained in parliament. Lady Saltoun resigned from the House of Lords in December 2014.\n\nNo provision was made for Lords of Parliament to be specially represented in the current Scottish Parliament, but the Scotland Act 1998 provides that a person is not disqualified from membership of the Parliament merely because he or she is a peer (whether of the United Kingdom, Great Britain, England, Scotland, or Ireland).\n\nOther uses\n\nThe term Lord/Lady of Parliament may also be used to refer to any member of the House of Lords. A prominent official example is in a Standing Order of the House of Lords: \"Bishops to whom a writ of summons have been issued are not Peers but are Lords of Parliament.\"\n\nSee also \n Laird\n List of Lordships of Parliament\n\nReferences \n\nBritish noble titles\n\nPolitics of Scotland\nPeerages in the United Kingdom" ]

[ "Hereditary peer", "Ranks and titles", "What is the lowest rank in the hereditary peerage?", "baron;" ]

[ "Younger is a Scottish convention, style of address, or description traditionally used by the heir apparent to:\nA current laird (owner of a substantial and landed estate in Scotland)\nSomeone whose name includes a territorial designation (i.e. a family who were previously lairds but who are no longer – this applies mainly to armigerous families who had a territorial designation which formed part of their name. Their arms being registered with the inclusion of the territorial designation, having become landless, still retain the full name – including the territorial designation – pertaining to the Grant of Arms)\nA Scottish chieftainship (the head of a cadet branch of a clan which has a chief)\nA clan chief.\nA Scottish Baron.\n\nThe style of using the term \"Younger\" applies equally to a woman who is heir in her own right as to a man. The style of \"Younger\" is neither a title of nobility nor a peerage and does not carry voting rights either in the Parliament of Scotland or the Kingdom of England. The abbreviation of Younger is Yr. The wife of such an heir may adopt this style also.\n\nWhen a person bearing this suffix becomes the laird or Baron in their own right or succeeds to the arms of a now landless family or inherits the chieftainship of a cadet branch or the chiefship of the clan, they then drop the suffix and the next heir apparent may add the style to their name.\n\nForms of address\n\n The written style of address of the heir to a baron is (for example) \"John Smith of Edinburgh, Younger\", abbreviated \"John Smith of Edinburgh, Yr.\", or \"John Smith Yr. of Edinburgh\". In the case of the heir to a chief \"James Salmond of that Ilk, Yr.\" or \"James Salmond of Salmond, Yr.\"\n If a female is the heir in her own right, then she is styled in the same way as a male.\n The wife of the heir may adopt the same style as her husband and would be addressed in writing as Mrs. John Smith of Edinburgh, Younger (she might use her own forename but this might imply that she was divorced).\n An heir can also be referred to and addressed as \"The Younger (of) [x]\", for example \"The Younger (of) Edinburgh\".\n If a baron has any younger sons they are styled as \"Mr. [Forename] [Surname]\". The younger son would not have the territorial surname unless he was the nominated heir presumptive.\n\nSee also \n Laird\n Maid (title)\n Prince of Wales\n Forms of address in the United Kingdom\n Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom\n Lord\n Lady\n The Honourable\n\nReferences \n\nScottish society\nScottish titles\nFeudalism in Scotland", "Hochwohlgeboren (, \"High Well-born\"; ) is an honorific and manner of address for members of the nobility in some parts of Europe.\n\nGerman \n\nThis form of address originally had connections with the ability of a Freiherr (Baron) to bequeath a family coat of arms and to hold landed property as allodial instead of a fief. The actual address is Euer Hochwohlgeboren (\"Your High Well-born\") and is the correct form of address not only German Freiherren but also Ritter and Edle.\n\nThe title should not be confused with (Euer) Hochgeboren. This title ranks higher than Hochwohlgeboren and is the style of mediate Grafen (mediate Counts; immediate counts or Reichsgrafen are entitled to the address Erlaucht) and those Freiherren descending from the mediæval Uradel.\n\nAnother honorific title was (Euer) Wohlgeboren which ranked lower than Hochwohlgeboren and was claimed by Bourgeois notables.\n\nIn the 19th century it became customary to address academic and other civil honoraries by this title, e.g., a number of letters to Sigmund Freud are addressed to \"Hochwohlgeboren Prof. Dr. Sigmund Freud\".\n\nIt is commonly abbreviated in correspondence as:\n“I.I.H.H.” for married couples \n“I.H.” (= Ihre Hochwohlgeboren) for women.\n“S.H.” (= Seine Hochwohlgeboren) for men.\n\nSwedish \n\nIn Sweden Högvälboren (High Well-born) is used to address barons and counts, Välboren (Well-born) is used to address untitled nobles.\n\nDutch \nIn The Netherlands Hoogwelgeboren (High Well-born) is used to address a Baron, a Knight or a Jonkheer. Hooggeboren (High-born) is used to address Dukes, Margraves, Counts or Viscounts.\n\nRussian \nIn Imperial Russia, civil, military and court officials in the 6th to 8th grades according to the Table of Ranks were addressed with a style similar in meaning (Ваше высокоблагородие). Similarly the style (Euer) Wohlgeboren (Ваше благородие) was applied to officials in the 9th to 14th grades, while (Euer) Hochgeboren (Ваше высокородие) was enjoyed by officials in the 5th grade. As such the honorific address was also implied by membership in some grades of the Russian dynastic orders of chivalry.\n\nHungarian \nIn Hungarian the equivalent word was \"nagyságos\" and literally comes from this term in Latin \"magnificus\".\n\nReferences \n\nStyles (forms of address)" ]

[ "Hereditary peer", "Ranks and titles", "What is the lowest rank in the hereditary peerage?", "baron;", "How does one address a baron?", "I don't know." ]

[ "In poker, players form sets of five playing cards, called hands, according to the rules of the game. Each hand has a rank, which is compared against the ranks of other hands participating in the showdown to decide who wins the pot. In high games, like Texas hold 'em and seven-card stud, the highest-ranking hands win. In low games, like razz, the lowest-ranking hands win. In high-low split games, both the highest-ranking and lowest-ranking hands win, though different rules are used to rank the high and low hands.\n\nEach hand belongs to a category determined by the patterns formed by its cards. A hand in a higher-ranking category always ranks higher than a hand in a lower-ranking category. A hand is ranked within its category using the ranks of its cards. Individual cards are ranked, from highest to lowest: A, K, Q, J, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 and 2. However, aces have the lowest rank under ace-to-five low or ace-to-six low rules, or under high rules as part of a five-high straight or straight flush. Suits are not ranked, so hands that differ by suit alone are of equal rank.\n\nThere are nine categories of hand when using a standard 52-card deck, except under ace-to-five low rules where straights, flushes and straight flushes are not recognized. An additional category, five of a kind, exists when using one or more wild cards. The fewer hands a category contains, the higher its rank. There are ways to deal five cards from the deck but only distinct hands, because the order in which cards are dealt or arranged in a hand does not matter. Moreover, since hands differing only by suit are of equal rank, there are only 7,462 distinct hand ranks.\n\nHand-ranking categories\n\nFive of a kind\n\nFive of a kind is a hand that contains five cards of one rank, such as (\"five of a kind, threes\"). It ranks above a straight flush but is only possible when using one or more wild cards, as there are only four cards of each rank in the deck. Five of a kind, aces, , becomes possible when a joker is added to the deck as a bug, a form of wild card that may act as a fifth ace. Other wild card rules allow jokers or other designated cards to represent any card in the deck, making it possible to form five of a kind of any rank.\n\nEach five of a kind is ranked by the rank of its quintuplet. For example, ranks higher than .\n\nStraight flush\n\nA straight flush is a hand that contains five cards of sequential rank, all of the same suit, such as (a \"queen-high straight flush\"). It ranks below five of a kind and above four of a kind. Under high rules, an ace can rank either high (as in , an ace-high straight flush) or low (as in , a five-high straight flush), but cannot simultaneously rank both high and low (so is an ace-high flush, but not a straight). Under deuce-to-seven low rules, an ace always ranks high (so is an ace-high flush). Under ace-to-six low rules, an ace always rank low (so is a king-high flush). Under ace-to-five low rules, straight flushes are not possible (so is a nine-high hand).\n\nEach straight flush is ranked by the rank of its highest-ranking card. For example, ranks higher than , which ranks higher than . Straight flush hands that differ by suit alone, such as and , are of equal rank.\n\nAn ace-high straight flush, such as , is called a royal flush or royal straight flush and is the best possible hand in ace-high games when wild cards are not used. A five-high straight flush, such as , is called a steel wheel and is both the best low hand and usually the best high hand of the showdown in ace-to-five high-low split games.\n\nFour of a kind\n\nFour of a kind, also known as quads, is a hand that contains four cards of one rank and one card of another rank (the kicker), such as (\"four of a kind, nines\"). It ranks below a straight flush and above a full house.\n\nEach four of a kind is ranked first by the rank of its quadruplet, and then by the rank of its kicker. For example, ranks higher than , which ranks higher than . Four of a kind hands that differ by suit alone, such as and , are of equal rank.\n\nFull house\n\nA full house, also known as a full boat or a tight or a boat (and originally called a full hand), is a hand that contains three cards of one rank and two cards of another rank, such as (a \"full house, threes over sixes\" or \"threes full of sixes\" or \"threes full\"). It ranks below four of a kind and above a flush.\n\nEach full house is ranked first by the rank of its triplet, and then by the rank of its pair. For example, ranks higher than , which ranks higher than . Full house hands that differ by suit alone, such as and , are of equal rank.\n\nFlush\n\nA flush is a hand that contains five cards all of the same suit, not all of sequential rank, such as (a \"king-high flush\" or a \"king-ten-high flush\"). It ranks below a full house and above a straight. Under ace-to-five low rules, flushes are not possible (so is a jack-high hand).\n\nEach flush is ranked first by the rank of its highest-ranking card, then by the rank of its second highest-ranking card, then by the rank of its third highest-ranking card, then by the rank of its fourth highest-ranking card, and finally by the rank of its lowest-ranking card. For example, ranks higher than , which ranks higher than , which ranks higher than , which ranks higher than , which ranks higher than . Flush hands that differ by suit alone, such as and , are of equal rank.\n\nStraight\n\nA straight is a hand that contains five cards of sequential rank, not all of the same suit, such as (a \"seven-high straight\"). It ranks below a flush and above three of a kind. Under high rules, an ace can rank either high (as in , an ace-high straight) or low (as in , a five-high straight), but cannot simultaneously rank both high and low (so is an ace-high hand). Under deuce-to-seven low rules, an ace always ranks high (so is an ace-high hand). Under ace-to-six low rules, an ace always ranks low (so is a king-high hand). Under ace-to-five low rules, straights are not possible (so is a ten-high hand).\n\nEach straight is ranked by the rank of its highest-ranking card. For example, ranks higher than , which ranks higher than . Straight hands that differ by suit alone, such as and , are of equal rank.\n\nAn ace-high straight, such as , is called a Broadway straight, while a five-high straight, such as , is called a baby straight, bicycle or wheel and is the best possible hand in ace-to-five low games (where it is a high card hand, not a straight).\n\nThree of a kind\n\nThree of a kind, also known as trips or a set, is a hand that contains three cards of one rank and two cards of two other ranks (the kickers), such as (\"three of a kind, twos\" or \"trip twos\" or a \"set of twos\"). It ranks below a straight and above two pair.\n\nEach three of a kind is ranked first by the rank of its triplet, then by the rank of its highest-ranking kicker, and finally by the rank of its lowest-ranking kicker. For example, ranks higher than , which ranks higher than , which ranks higher than . Three of a kind hands that differ by suit alone, such as and , are of equal rank.\n\nIn community card games, such as Texas hold 'em, three of a kind is called a set only when it comprises a pocket pair and a third card on the board.\n\nTwo pair\n\nTwo pair is a hand that contains two cards of one rank, two cards of another rank and one card of a third rank (the kicker), such as (\"two pair, jacks and fours\" or \"two pair, jacks over fours\" or \"jacks up\"). It ranks below three of a kind and above one pair.\n\nEach two pair is ranked first by the rank of its higher-ranking pair, then by the rank of its lower-ranking pair, and finally by the rank of its kicker. For example, ranks higher than , which ranks higher than , which ranks higher than . Two pair hands that differ by suit alone, such as and , are of equal rank.\n\nOne pair\n\nOne pair, or simply a pair, is a hand that contains two cards of one rank and three cards of three other ranks (the kickers), such as (\"one pair, fours\" or a \"pair of fours\"). It ranks below two pair and above high card.\n\nEach one pair is ranked first by the rank of its pair, then by the rank of its highest-ranking kicker, then by the rank of its second highest-ranking kicker, and finally by the rank of its lowest-ranking kicker. For example, ranks higher than , which ranks higher than , which ranks higher than , which ranks higher than . One-pair hands that differ by suit alone, such as and , are of equal rank.\n\nHigh card\n\nHigh card, also known as no pair or simply nothing, is a hand that does not fall into any other category, such as (\"high card, king\" or \"king-jack-high\" or \"king-high\"). Note that under ace-to-five low rules, straights, flushes and straight flushes are not possible, so such hands are instead high card hands. It ranks below one pair.\n\nEach high card hand is ranked first by the rank of its highest-ranking card, then by the rank of its second highest-ranking card, then by the rank of its third highest-ranking card, then by the rank of its fourth highest-ranking card, and finally by the rank of its lowest-ranking card. For example, ranks higher than , which ranks higher than , which ranks higher than , which ranks higher than , which ranks higher than . High card hands that differ by suit alone, such as and , are of equal rank.\n\nUnder deuce-to-seven low rules, a seven-five-high hand, such as , is the best possible hand. Under ace-to-six low rules, where aces have the lowest rank, a six-four-high hand, such as , is the best possible hand. Under ace-to-five low rules, where aces have the lowest rank and straights, flushes and straight flushes are not possible, a five-high hand, such as or , commonly known as a bicycle or wheel, is the best possible hand.\n\nSee also\n\n Glossary of poker terms\n List of playing-card nicknames\n Non-standard poker hand\n Poker probability\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\n \nGaming-related lists", "Obergefreiter (abbr. OGefr.) is a rank of the German and Swiss militaries which dates from the 19th century.\n\nIn today's Bundeswehr, every Gefreiter is normally promoted Obergefreiter after six months. The NATO-Code is OR-3 which would make Obergefreiter the equivalent to private / airman / seaman first class in most forces or, e.g., lance corporal in the Australian/New Zealand Forces. Like all enlisted personnel in the German Bundeswehr, soldiers of this rank have no military authority over lower ranking enlisted personnel (for instance Schütze or Gefreiter), except given by a higher rank.\n\nIn the Bundeswehr the lower rank is Gefreiter while the next rank is Hauptgefreiter. The lower rank in the Swiss Army is also Gefreiter, the next rank is Korporal.\n\nHistory \nThe rank was only used in the German army's heavy artillery branch (Fußartillerie) before 1919 and commonly established with the founding of the Reichswehr. Translated as \"senior lance-corporal\", in World War II the rank was normally given to soldiers who had command over small squads or to those soldiers who held the rank of Gefreiter and below. Soldiers that had performed a significant feat of achievement were given this title. An Obergefreiter was considered an Enlisted Man in the German Wehrmacht, equivalent to the Schutzstaffel's Sturmmann.\n\nA somewhat large portion of the German Army in the Second World War consisted of enlisted men, especially during the later years of the war with conscription laws being increased to fight off the advancing Soviet Army. Of the 13 million soldiers in Germany's fighting force, 7.5 million were enlisted men, with 2.2 million of the enlisted men being Obergefreiters.\n\nSwiss Armed Forces \n\nIn the Swiss Armed Forces the rank of Obergefreiter (short: Obgfr) was introduced after a long debate on 1 January 2004. They are specialists, who take over tasks of responsibility or hold the position of a group commander.\n\nReferences \n\nMilitary ranks of Germany\nMilitary ranks of Switzerland" ]

[ "Hereditary peer", "Ranks and titles", "What is the lowest rank in the hereditary peerage?", "baron;", "How does one address a baron?", "I don't know.", "What is the next higher rank?", "viscount" ]

[ "\n\nKings of France\n\nPeers of France \nNote: Ecclesiastical peers must have had the title for at least five years to be listed here to avoid clutter. If there is not a peer listed for a certain number of years under 5 it does necessarily mean that the position was vacant.\n\nArchbishops\n\nDukes\n\nMarquises\n\nCounts\n\nBishops \nNote: The bishops in bold are marked for their notability, land holdings, and because they had metropolitan powers.\n\nViscounts/Vidames \nViscounts under the king of France or a domestic vassal.\n\nOf Toulouse - Until Alphonse, Count of Poitiers became Count of Toulouse in 1249, the County of Toulouse was a powerful vassal of France which was almost independent of France. Within this large county (which also consisted of the duchy of Narbonne and the March of Provence) there were at least 11 viscounts who were vassals of the counts, one of the rare cases where the term viscount makes sense intuitively in the 13th century. However with the Albigensian Crusade many of the viscounts lost their land to the crusaders most notably Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, some gained their lands back, others did not.\n\nThe Duchy of Brittany was perhaps the feudal state with the most independence from France in the 13th century and it had several viscounts.\n\nDuchy of Aquataine/King of England had several viscounts under his control in the 13th century. Many of the viscounties were dependent on the king of England's diplomacy with the ruling family of the given viscounty. In Particular Bearn (and Brulhois) was almost an independent state which preferred to honor its de jure vassalage to England (as the duke of Aquataine) rather than to the King of France who would be a far more imposing overlord due to his proximity. As such Bearn was not always 100% cooperative.\n\nThe Count of Champagne had viscounts in his county (which was quite independent of France, but whose interests were generally the same in the 13th century).\n\nThe Duchy of Burgundy was a semi independent state which had viscounts. In 1233 William de Champlitte sent a letter to the King of England giving credence for William de Monieriis, possibly acting on behalf of the Duke of Burgundy. \n\nThe Counts of Provence who were part of the Holy Roman Empire (and had not fealty at all to the kingdom of France) had at least one viscount.\n\nBarons/Lords and Abbots/Priors\n\nKnights of France \nGeoffrey of Villehardouin\n\nReferences\n\nLists of French nobility\nMedieval French nobility", "The Viscounts may refer to:\n\nThe Viscounts (American band)\nThe Viscounts (British band)\n\nSee also\nViscount\nViscount (disambiguation)" ]

[ "Hereditary peer", "Ranks and titles", "What is the lowest rank in the hereditary peerage?", "baron;", "How does one address a baron?", "I don't know.", "What is the next higher rank?", "viscount", "How many Viscounts are there?", "I don't know." ]

[ "The peerage is the collective term for all those holding titles of nobility of all degrees. The term superseded the term \"baronage\" used of the feudal era. \nA Barony is a rank or dignity of a man or a woman who is a participant of a small rank of a British nobility.\n\nBritish Isles\n\nHereditary baronies\nThe hereditary Baronies fall into five classes:\nList of baronies in the Peerage of England\nList of Lordships of Parliament (in the Peerage of Scotland)\nList of baronies in the Peerage of Great Britain\nList of baronies in the Peerage of Ireland\nList of hereditary baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom\n\nThese have precedence in the order named, except that Baronies of Ireland created after 1 January 1801 (the date of the Union between Great Britain and Ireland) yield to earlier-created Baronies of the United Kingdom.\n\nLife baronies\nThe life Baronies fall into two classes:\nList of Life Peerages (created under the Life Peerages Act 1958):\nList of life peerages (1958–1979)\nList of life peerages (1979–1997)\nList of life peerages (1997–2010)\nList of life peerages (2010–present)\nList of Law Life Peerages (created under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876)\n\nAll life Baronies are in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, and rank amongst hereditary Baronies in that Peerage (and each other) by date of creation.\n\nHereditary feudal baronies\nThese are distinct from the titles above, created by writ or patent, and were constituents of the now defunct feudal baronage and are not therefore constituents of the modern, post-feudal peerage:\n\nList of English feudal baronies\nList of Scottish feudal baronies\nList of Marcher lordships\n\nSee also\nBaron\nBritish nobility\nFeudal baron\nList of barons in the peerages of Britain and Ireland\n\nReferences \n\n \nBaronies\nBaronies", "The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain.\n\nEnglish Peeresses obtained their first seats in the House of Lords under the Peerage Act 1963 from which date until the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999 all Peers of England could sit in the House of Lords.\n\nThe ranks of the English peerage are, in descending order, Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, and Baron. While most newer English peerages descend only in the male line, many of the older ones (particularly older baronies) can descend through females. Such peerages follow the old English inheritance law of moieties so all daughters (or granddaughters through the same root) stand as co-heirs, so some such titles are in such a state of abeyance between these.\n\nBaronets, while holders of hereditary titles, as such are not peers and not entitled to stand for election in the House of Lords. Knights, Dames and holders of other non-hereditary orders, decorations, and medals are also not peers.\n\nThe following tables only show extant peerages. For lists of every peerage created at a particular rank, including extinct, dormant, and abeyant peerages, see:\n\n List of dukedoms in the peerages of Britain and Ireland \n List of marquessates in the peerages of Britain and Ireland\n List of earldoms\n List of viscountcies in the peerages of Britain and Ireland\n List of baronies in the peerages of Britain and Ireland\nEach peer is listed only by their highest English title. Peers known by a higher title in one of the other peerages are shown in blue, and peers with more than one title of the same rank in the Peerage of England are shown in orange.\n\nDukes in the Peerage of England\n\nMarquesses in the Peerage of England\n\nEarls in the Peerage of England\n\nViscounts in the Peerage of England\n\nBarons and Baronesses in the Peerage of England\n\nSee also\n\n British Honours System\n British nobility\n Forms of address in the United Kingdom\n Gentry\n History of the Peerage\n Landed gentry\n Baronetages of England, Nova Scotia, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom\n Peerage, an exposition of great detail\n Peerage of Ireland\n Peerage of Scotland\n Welsh peers and baronets\n\nReferences\n\n \nEngland" ]

[ "James Buchanan", "Final years" ]

[ "\"What I Need To Do\" is a song written by Tom Damphier and Bill Luther, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released in January 2000 as the fourth and final single from Chesney's 1999 album Everywhere We Go. The song peaked at number 8 in the United States and number 13 in Canada in 2000.\n\nContent\nThe song describes the narrator thinking about \"what [he] need[s] to do\" as he is driving away from his old hometown away from his former lover. He also thinks that he should \"turn [his] car around\" and go back to his lover, then hold her, and then tell her how sorry he is for what he did.\n\nChart positions\n\nYear-end charts\n\nReferences\n\n2000 singles\nKenny Chesney songs\nSong recordings produced by Buddy Cannon\nSong recordings produced by Norro Wilson\nBNA Records singles\nSongs written by Bill Luther (songwriter)\n1999 songs", "Stephen Fasano, better known by his stage name The Magician, is a Belgian DJ and record producer from Namur, in the Wallonia region of Belgium. He is best known for his 2011 remix of Lykke Li's \"I Follow Rivers\" and 2014 remix of Clean Bandit's \"Rather Be\" which were worldwide hits. In 2014 he received the Electro award during Belgian ceremony Les Octaves de la musique. \nHis monthly mixtapes called \"Magic Tapes\", which he started releasing in the early 2010s, feature new dance music from an array of genres. He is also known for doing magic tricks while performing.\n\nCareer\n\n2007–2010: Aeroplane\n\nHe was a member of music duo Aeroplane with Vito de Luca since 2007. In 2010, Fasano announced that he was leaving the duo to start his own solo project. De Luca continues to use the name Aeroplane.\n\n2011–2013: Twist\nIn 2011 he released his debut EP Twist on the hip French label Kitsuné in collaboration with Yuksek as Peter and The Magician. In October 2011 he released his debut single \"I Don't Know What to Do\" featuring Jeppe Laursen on Kitsuné. In 2012 he released the single \"Memory\" again with Yuksek as Peter and The Magician on Kitsuné. In September 2013 he released the single \"When the Night Is Over\", and also later released the single \"On My Brain\" on Party Fine Music.\n\n2014–2019: Breakthrough\nIn July 2014 he released the single \"Sunlight\" featuring vocals from Years & Years; the song peaked at number 7 in Belgium. The song was released in the United Kingdom on 28 September 2014. The Magician performed \"Sunlight\" along with Years & Years at the 2014 MTV Europe Music Awards in Glasgow, Scotland as part of the Digital Show which was held at the O2 Academy Glasgow.\nIn July 2014 he launches his own label Potion Records to release his own music as well as the music of others. Artists like Fabich, The Aston Shuffle, Bobby Nourmand, Just Kiddin, Endor and Aevion released music with Potion Records. The label takes a break in 2019.\nIn parallel, The Magician tours mainly in the United States and in Europe. He also performed at Tomorrowland in 2018.\n\n2020-present: Renaissance\nThe Magician maintains a solid rhythm in releasing remixes. He also releases the Renaissance EP in May 2020. In parallel, he takes advantage of quarantine to launch his live Vinyl Home Show SUPERVISION. Later this year he relaunched his label Potion Records in collaboration with French music company Unity Group and released music from Soda State and Aevion.\n\nThe album Magic Tape 100 should be released in 2021.\n\nDiscography\n\nEPs\n\nExtended plays\n\nSingles\n\nSingles as Peter and The Magician\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n A \"I Don't Know What to Do\" did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 55 on the Flemish Ultratip chart.\n B \"I Don't Know What to Do\" did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 23 on the Walloon Ultratip chart.\n C \"When the Night Is Over\" did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 26 on the Flemish Ultratip chart.\n D \"Together\" did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 7 on the Walloon Ultratip chart.\n E \"Tied Up\" did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 3 on the Walloon Ultratip chart.\n F \"Las Vegas\" did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 15 on the Flemish Ultratip chart.\n G \"Las Vegas\" did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 36 on the Walloon Ultratip chart.\n H \"Build a Fire\" did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 27 on the Flemish Ultratip chart.\n I \"Build a Fire\" did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 31 on the Walloon Ultratip chart.\n\nSources\n\nExternal links\n Official website\n \n \n \n\nLiving people\nMusicians from Brussels\nBelgian DJs\nBelgian record producers\nFuture house musicians\nBelgian house musicians\nKitsuné artists\nElectronic dance music DJs\nYear of birth missing (living people)" ]

[ "James Buchanan", "Final years", "What did he do in his final years?", "The Civil War erupted within two months of Buchanan's retirement." ]

[ "The spotlight effect is the phenomenon by which people tend to believe they are being noticed more than they really are. Being that one is constantly in the center of one's own world, an accurate evaluation of how much one is noticed by others is uncommon. The reason for the spotlight effect is the innate tendency to forget that although one is the center of one's own world, one is not the center of everyone else's. This tendency is especially prominent when one does something atypical.\n\nResearch has empirically shown that such drastic over-estimation of one's effect on others is widely common. Many professionals in social psychology encourage people to be conscious of the spotlight effect and to allow this phenomenon to moderate the extent to which one believes one is in a social spotlight.\n\nHistory \nThe term \"spotlight effect\" was coined by Thomas Gilovich, Victoria Husted Medvec, and Kenneth Savitsky. The phenomenon made its first appearance in the world of psychology in the journal Current Directions in Psychological Science in 1999. Although this was the first time the effect was termed, it was not the first time it had been described. There were other studies done before 1999 that had looked at phenomena similar to the spotlight effect that Gilovich, Husted Medvec, and Savitsky described. Thomas Gilovich had been studying this phenomenon for many years and wrote other research papers in the years leading up to his work with Savitsky. In his study with Husted Medvec and Savitsky, he combined the different effects he had observed previously to describe the spotlight. Gilovich was not the only one who had noticed this occurrence of the spotlight effect. David Kenny and Bella DePaulo conducted a study that looked at whether or not people knew how others view them. Kenny and DePaulo thought that individuals would base what others thought of them using their own self-perceptions rather than other feedback given to them. The study found that individuals' views of what others think of them is variable compared to what is actually thought of them.\n\nTies to other psychological concepts \nThe spotlight effect is an extension of several psychological phenomena. Among these is the phenomenon known as anchoring and adjustment, which suggests that individuals will use their own internal feelings of anxiety and the accompanying self-representation as an anchor, then insufficiently correct for the fact that others are less privy to those feelings than they are themselves. Consequently, they overestimate the extent to which their anxiety is obvious to onlookers. In fact, Clark and Wells (1995) suggest that socially phobic people enter social situations in a heightened self-focused state, namely, from a raised emotional anchor. This self-focused state makes it difficult for individuals to set aside public and private self-knowledge to focus on the task.\n\nAnother related phenomenon is called the false-consensus effect. The false-consensus effect occurs when individuals overestimate the extent to which other people share their opinions, attitudes, and behavior. This leads to a false conclusion which will increase someone's self-esteem. The false-consensus effect is the opposing theory to the false uniqueness effect, which is the tendency of one to underestimate the extent to which others share the same positive attitudes and behavior. Either of these effects can be applied to the spotlight effect.\n\nThe self-as-target bias is another closely linked phenomenon with the spotlight effect. This concept describes when someone believes that events are disproportionately directed towards him or herself. For example, if a student had an assignment due in class and did not prepare as well as they should have, the student may start to panic and think that simply because they did not prepare well, the teacher will know and call on them for answers.\n\nAlso relevant to the spotlight effect is the illusion of transparency (sometimes called the observer's illusion of transparency), which is people's tendency to overestimate the degree to which their personal mental state is known by others. Another manifestation of the illusion of transparency is a tendency for people to overestimate how well they understand others' personal mental states. This cognitive bias is similar to the illusion of asymmetric insight, in which people perceive their knowledge of others to surpass other people's knowledge of themselves.\n\nOther related concepts are egocentric bias, self-referential encoding, self-reference effect and Ideas of reference and delusions of reference.\n\nResearch \nThe spotlight effect plays a significant role in many different aspects of psychology and society. Primarily, research on this phenomenon has been pioneered by four individuals: Thomas Gilovich, Kenneth Savitsky, Victoria Medvec, and Thomas Kruger. The main focuses of their research center around social judgments, salience of individual contributions, actions of individuals, and how individuals believe others perceive them.\n\nSocial judgment and salience \nIn social judgment, embarrassment plays a considerable role in the degree to which the spotlight effect is manifested. Research by Gilovich, Kruger, and Medvec indicated that certain situations in which perceivably embarrassing items are factors, such as an embarrassing t-shirt, increase the extent to which the spotlight effect is experienced by an individual. The timing of the exposure during a perceivably embarrassing situation also plays a role in the severity of the spotlight effect. If the exposure is immediate, the spotlight effect significantly increases in decision making scenarios. Delayed exposure, however, decreases spotlight effect intensity.\n\nSalience of ideas and important contributions within a group are additional aspects of social judgment that are affected by the spotlight effect. Individuals tend to overestimate the extent to which their contributions make an impact on those around them. In a group setting, those contributions are thought of by the individual as being more significant than the contributions of their group members and that the other members believe the same about that individual's contributions.\n\nActions and perceptions \nActions of individuals and how they believe others perceive their performance also plays an important part of spotlight effect research. Gilovich, Medvec, and Savitsky further explored this idea. In situations that involve large, interacting groups, a common detail identifies the reason attention of others is not solely focused on the individual. In these settings, like a class lecture or athletic competition, attention is divided between focusing on the individual and on the actions of the group. The inability to identify the split attention leads individuals to overestimate the likelihood that their peers will perceive them poorly.\n\nSimilarly, Gilovich, Medvec, and Savitsky further elaborated upon their research and concluded that in situations involving an audience member whose sole purpose is to observe, the severity of the spotlight effect is not overestimated because the focus of an audience's attention is centered upon the individual performing.\n\nSee also\n Self-consciousness\nSocial projection\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\nHuman behavior", "Matthew 14:31 is a verse in the fourteenth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament.\n\nContent\nIn the original Greek according to Westcott-Hort for this verse is:\nΕὐθέως δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα ἐπελάβετο αὐτοῦ, καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ, Ὀλιγόπιστε, εἰς τί ἐδίστασας; \n\nIn the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:\nAnd immediately Jesus stretched forth his hand, and caught him, and said unto him, O thou of little faith, wherefore didst thou doubt?\n\nThe New International Version translates the passage as:\nImmediately Jesus reached out his hand and caught him. \"You of little faith,\" he said, \"why did you doubt?\"\n\nAnalysis\n\"Why did you doubt,\" in Greek is εἰς τί ἐδίστασας, which literally is: why did you divide your mind in two? Because two things were here presented to Peter, 1) the strength of the wind making him afraid of being drowned, and 2) the voice of Christ instilling confidence and security. Still, the strength of the wind was more obvious. The effect was to cause Peter's faith to fail.\n\nCommentary from the Church Fathers\nChrysostom: \"He bade not the winds to cease, but stretched forth His hand and caught him, because his faith was required. For when our own means fail, then those which are of God stand. Then to show that not the strength of the tempest, but the smallness of his faith worked the danger, He saith unto him, O thou of little faith, why didst thou doubt? which shows that not even the wind would have been able to hurt him, if his faith had been firm. But as the mother bears on her wings and brings back to the nest her chick which has left the nest before its time and has fallen, so did Christ. And when they were come into the boat, the wind ceased. Then they that were in the boat came and worshipped him, saying, Truly thou art the Son of God.\"\n\nRabanus Maurus: \" This may be understood either of the sailors, or of the Apostles.\"\n\nChrysostom: \"Observe how He leads all gradually to that which is above them; He had before rebuked the sea, now He shows forth His power yet more by walking upon the sea, by bidding another to do the same, and by saving him in his peril; therefore they said unto Him, Truly thou art the Son of God, which they had not said above.\"\n\nJerome: \"If then upon this single miracle of stilling the sea, a thing which often happens by accident after even great tempests, the sailors and pilots confessed them to be truly the Son of God, how does Arrius preach in the Church itself that He is a creature?\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOther translations of Matthew 14:31 at BibleHub\n\n14:31" ]

[ "James Buchanan", "Final years", "What did he do in his final years?", "The Civil War erupted within two months of Buchanan's retirement.", "How did that effect him?", "He supported the United States, writing to former colleagues that \"the assault upon Sumter was the commencement of war by the Confederate states," ]

[ "The Operational Response Group (ORG) was a former police tactical group of the Australian Federal Police (AFP) part of the AFP's International Deployment Group (IDG) that was established in 2005 to support the AFP in variety of national and international special policing operations. In July 2012, the ORG was merged with the AFP's Specialist Response and Security team (SRS) to create the Specialist Response Group.\n\nHistory\nIn January 2005 Australian Federal Police created what was then known as the Operational Response Team (ORT), a unit of specialist tactical police able to respond and assist AFP officers engaged in overseas deployments as part of the International Deployment Groups response to the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands, Honiara. The ORT was soon expanded to fulfill further AFP domestic and international operations and included new roles (such as public order), and was renamed the Operational Response Group in 2006.\n\nMission\nThe Operational Response Group was AFP's permanent specialist tactical and stability and the policing capability able to rapidly respond to civil disorder and international crisis, both nationally and internationally within 24 hours.\n\nThe Operational Response Group was defined as a police tactical group within the National Counter-Terrorism Committee arrangements providing the Commonwealth of Australia an offshore specialist and tactical policing response capability. The unit provided similar capabilities to the AFP's Specialist Response and Security Team but focused on national and international deployments outside of the Australian Capital Territory, where the SRS had responsibility. The ORG was created to enhance the operational policing capabilities of the AFP's International Deployment Group (IDG) operating predominantly in the Pacific region.\n\nOrganisation\nThe ORG consisted of a number of specialist sub-units including:\n\nTactical response teams,\nStability response teams,\nOperational Support Unit (which included)\nMaritime Unit,\nMarksman Reconnaissance Team,\nTactical Intelligence Unit,\nCommunications Response Team,\nAir Support Unit.\n\nPrincipal role\nThe ORG provided the AFP with a specialist tactical policing capability which included the following roles, :\n\neffect high risk searches, search warrants and arrests,\nsupport to public order policing,\nremote rural patrols,\nprotection of people in high risk situations,\nsupport to the security of members deployed to mission (such as RAMSI),\nadvanced training in specialist weaponry and less lethal capabilities,\nrapid response for containment and restoration of civil disorder,\ntactical negotiations, communications and marine operations support,\nremote and covert surveillance,\nprison-riot response,\nmajor civil-disorder interventions, and\ncapacity building other specialist police overseas (such as Solomon Islands and Philippines).\n\nDeployments\nOverseas\n\nBetween 2005 and 2012, the Operational Response Group provided specialist police to assist the Australian Federal Police contingent with the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI). This included responding to riots in April 2006 and November 2010, and assisting with capacity building.\nIn May 2006 ORG deployed members to East Timor to contribute to restoration of law and order.\nIn November 2006 ORG deployed to Tonga in response to rioting and civil disorder.\nIn 2008 the ORG deployed 65 members to East Timor, in response to a request for assistance from the Government of East Timor after the assassination attempts on the President and Prime Minister.\n\nWithin Australia\n\nFebruary 2009 the AFP deployed 60 members of the Operational Response Group to assist the Victoria Police in the aftermath of the Black Saturday bushfires.\nMarch 2011 ORG deployed 61 members to Christmas Island in response to a detainee break out and riots at the North-West Point Immigration Detention Centre which was deemed Operation Ridley.\nFebruary 2012 ORG deployed a team amongst other AFP (Operation Clement) to assist Queensland Police after the Queensland floods.\n\nUnit Closure\nOn 1 July 2012 the ORG merged with the ACT based Specialist Response and Security to create a single federal tactical, public order and bomb response unit known as the Specialist Response Group (SRG). The merger was designed to reduce the duplication between AFP and ACT Policing specialist units and centralise AFP assets under one command in Canberra. The SRG became operational on 1 July 2012 and it now contains various capabilities including tactical teams, public order (riot team), bomb response, K9 and police negotiators.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nAustralian Federal Police\nAustralian Federal Police Operational Response Group\nOperational Response Group in Solomon Islands\nOperational Response Group in Timor Leste\n\nPolice units of Australia\nNon-military counter-terrorist organizations\nLaw enforcement units\nFederal law enforcement agencies of Australia\n2005 establishments in Australia\n2012 disestablishments in Australia", "The Special Operations Engineer Regiment (SOER) is a specialised unit of the Australian Army. The regiment forms part of the Special Operations Command. The unit was formed in 2002 as the Incident Response Regiment (IRR), they are deployed to respond to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear or explosive incidents. The regiment was transferred into the newly raised Special Operations Command in 2003. In 2010 and 2011, its role changed to supporting the army's special forces units, and it was renamed accordingly.\n\nHistory\nThe Special Operations Engineer Regiment (SOER) can trace its history to a number of specialist Royal Australian Engineers organisations. The Emergency Response Squadron was initially formed in 1999 from the existing Army Fire Service in response to the 1996 Blackhawk Helicopter disaster in the Townsville High Range training area. The Chemical, Biological and Radiological Response (CBRR) Squadron was formed in 1999 by expanding the existing Chemical Radiological Response Team.\n\nIn 1999, the Joint Incident Response Unit (JIRU) was established as part of the Australian Defence Force's security arrangements for the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. The JIRU incorporated the CBRR Squadron, an EOD Squadron and a Technical / High Risk Search Squadron. When the JIRU was disbanded in March 2001 the CBRR Squadron was retained as an independent squadron.\n\nFollowing the 11 September terrorist attacks the Australian Government directed Defence to re-establish a JIRU. This was achieved by establishing a new Incident Response Regimental HQ to command the CBRR Squadron and the Emergency Response Squadron (ERS), though this sub-unit was disbanded in 2006. The IRU was redesignated to form the Incident Response Regiment in May 2002. A specialist Scientific and Technical Support Organisation staffed by civilian and military scientists was also formed and attached to the IRR.\n\nOn 24 February 2012, the IRR was disbanded and re-raised as the SOER. The reason for this change was to provide a more accurate name for the regiment's current role. The primary role of the regiment is no longer to respond to crisis management, but rather to provide counter-Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear or Explosive (C-CBRNE) and Mobility and Survivability capabilities to Special Operations.\n\nLike that of the IRR, teams of SOER personnel are integrated into the Australian Army's tactical assault groups to maintain Australia's Domestic Counter Terrorism capabilities, whilst still supporting Special Operations in Afghanistan. The regiment once included an aviation emergency response capability in of support Special Operations Command. However, this has since been transferred to the 16th Aviation Regiment.\n\nElements of the IRR deployed on combat in Iraq and Afghanistan as part of Operation Slipper in support of the Special Operations Task Force. Later, as the SOER, elements of the unit also deployed on combat operations in Afghanistan and partner capacity building operations in Iraq. \n\nThe Special Operations Engineer Regiment is composed of A and B Squadrons and a Logistic Support Group, based at Holsworthy Barracks, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-west of Sydney, New South Wales.\n\nSee also\nCanadian Joint Incident Response Unit\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nSpecial forces of Australia\nEngineer regiments of Australia\nMilitary units and formations established in 2002\nCounter-terrorist organizations" ]

[ "James Buchanan", "Final years", "What did he do in his final years?", "The Civil War erupted within two months of Buchanan's retirement.", "How did that effect him?", "He supported the United States, writing to former colleagues that \"the assault upon Sumter was the commencement of war by the Confederate states,", "What was the response to his support?", "also wrote a letter to his fellow Pennsylvania Democrats, urging them to \"join the many thousands of brave & patriotic volunteers who are already in the field\"." ]

[ "\"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, Affection. It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan.\n\nIn 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Affection and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology. They were also featured on The Collection 1989–2003 box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales.\n\nCritical reception\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. Matthew Hocter from Albumism viewed it as a \"upbeat offering\". David Giles from Music Week said it is \"beautifully performed\" by Stansfield. A reviewer from Reading Eagle wrote that \"What Did I Do to You?\" \"would be right at home on the \"Saturday Night Fever\" soundtrack.\"\n\nMusic video\nA music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Philip Richardson, who had previously directed the videos for \"All Around the World\" and \"Live Together\". It features Stansfield with her kiss curls, dressed in a white outfit and performing with her band on a stage in front of a jumping audience. The video was later published on Stansfield's official YouTube channel in November 2009. It has amassed more than 1,6 million views as of October 2021.\n\nTrack listings\n\n European/UK 7\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK/Japanese CD single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n UK 10\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix) – 5:52\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK 12\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 4:22\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 3:19\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:15\n\n UK 12\" promotional single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Anti Poll Tax Dub) – 6:31\n\n Other remixes\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Red Zone Mix) – 7:45\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nLisa Stansfield songs\n1990 singles\nSongs written by Lisa Stansfield\n1989 songs\nArista Records singles\nSongs written by Ian Devaney\nSongs written by Andy Morris (musician)", "Follow Me! is a series of television programmes produced by Bayerischer Rundfunk and the BBC in the late 1970s to provide a crash course in the English language. It became popular in many overseas countries as a first introduction to English; in 1983, one hundred million people watched the show in China alone, featuring Kathy Flower.\n\nThe British actor Francis Matthews hosted and narrated the series.\n\nThe course consists of sixty lessons. Each lesson lasts from 12 to 15 minutes and covers a specific lexis. The lessons follow a consistent group of actors, with the relationships between their characters developing during the course.\n\nFollow Me! actors\n Francis Matthews\n Raymond Mason\n David Savile\n Ian Bamforth\n Keith Alexander\n Diane Mercer\n Jane Argyle\n Diana King\n Veronica Leigh\n Elaine Wells\n Danielle Cohn\n Lashawnda Bell\n\nEpisodes \n \"What's your name\"\n \"How are you\"\n \"Can you help me\"\n \"Left, right, straight ahead\"\n \"Where are they\"\n \"What's the time\"\n \"What's this What's that\"\n \"I like it very much\"\n \"Have you got any wine\"\n \"What are they doing\"\n \"Can I have your name, please\"\n \"What does she look like\"\n \"No smoking\"\n \"It's on the first floor\"\n \"Where's he gone\"\n \"Going away\"\n \"Buying things\"\n \"Why do you like it\"\n \"What do you need\"\n \"I sometimes work late\"\n \"Welcome to Britain\"\n \"Who's that\"\n \"What would you like to do\"\n \"How can I get there?\"\n \"Where is it\"\n \"What's the date\"\n \"Whose is it\"\n \"I enjoy it\"\n \"How many and how much\"\n \"What have you done\"\n \"Haven't we met before\"\n \"What did you say\"\n \"Please stop\"\n \"How can I get to Brightly\"\n \"Where can I get it\"\n \"There's a concert on Wednesday\"\n \"What's it like\"\n \"What do you think of him\"\n \"I need someone\"\n \"What were you doing\"\n \"What do you do\"\n \"What do you know about him\"\n \"You shouldn't do that\"\n \"I hope you enjoy your holiday\"\n \"Where can I see a football match\"\n \"When will it be ready\"\n \"Where did you go\"\n \"I think it's awful\"\n \"A room with a view\"\n \"You'll be ill\"\n \"I don't believe in strikes\"\n \"They look tired\"\n \"Would you like to\"\n \"Holiday plans\"\n \"The second shelf on the left\"\n \"When you are ready\"\n \"Tell them about Britain\"\n \"I liked everything\"\n \"Classical or modern\"\n \"Finale\"\n\nReferences \n\n BBC article about the series in China\n\nExternal links \n Follow Me – Beginner level \n Follow Me – Elementary level\n Follow Me – Intermediate level\n Follow Me – Advanced level\n\nAdult education television series\nEnglish-language education television programming" ]

[ "James Buchanan", "Final years", "What did he do in his final years?", "The Civil War erupted within two months of Buchanan's retirement.", "How did that effect him?", "He supported the United States, writing to former colleagues that \"the assault upon Sumter was the commencement of war by the Confederate states,", "What was the response to his support?", "also wrote a letter to his fellow Pennsylvania Democrats, urging them to \"join the many thousands of brave & patriotic volunteers who are already in the field\".", "What did he do after that?", "Buchanan spent most of his remaining years defending himself from public blame for the Civil War," ]

[ "Blame is the act of censuring, holding responsible, making negative statements about an individual or group that their actions or inaction are socially or morally irresponsible, the opposite of praise. When someone is morally responsible for doing something wrong, their action is blameworthy. By contrast, when someone is morally responsible for doing something right, we may say that his or her action is praiseworthy. There are other senses of praise and blame that are not ethically relevant. One may praise someone's good dress sense, and blame their own sense of style for their own dress sense.\n\nNeurology \nBlaming appears to relate to include brain activity in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ). The amygdala has been found to contribute when we blame others, but not when we respond to their positive actions.\n\nSociology and psychology\nHumans - consciously and unconsciously - constantly make judgments about other people. The psychological criteria for judging others may be partly ingrained, negative and rigid indicating some degree of grandiosity.\n\nBlaming provides a way of devaluing others, with the end result that the blamer feels superior, seeing others as less worthwhile making the blamer \"perfect\". Off-loading blame means putting the other person down by emphasizing his or her flaws.\n\nVictims of manipulation and abuse frequently feel responsible for causing negative feelings in the manipulator/abuser towards them and the resultant anxiety in themselves. This self-blame often becomes a major feature of victim status.\n\nThe victim gets trapped into a self-image of victimization. The psychological profile of victimization includes a pervasive sense of helplessness, passivity, loss of control, pessimism, negative thinking, strong feelings of guilt, shame, remorse, self-blame and depression. This way of thinking can lead to hopelessness and despair.\n\nSelf-blame\nTwo main types of self-blame exist:\n\n behavioral self-blame – undeserved blame based on actions. Victims who experience behavioral self-blame feel that they should have done something differently, and therefore feel at fault.\n characterological self-blame – undeserved blame based on character. Victims who experience characterological self-blame feel there is something inherently wrong with them which has caused them to deserve to be victimized.\n\nBehavioral self-blame is associated with feelings of guilt within the victim. While the belief that one had control during the abuse (past control) is associated with greater psychological distress, the belief that one has more control during the recovery process (present control) is associated with less distress, less withdrawal, and more cognitive reprocessing.\n\nCounseling responses found helpful in reducing self-blame include:\n\n supportive responses\n psychoeducational responses (learning about rape trauma syndrome for example)\n responses addressing the issue of blame.\n\nA helpful type of therapy for self-blame is cognitive restructuring or cognitive–behavioral therapy. Cognitive reprocessing is the process of taking the facts and forming a logical conclusion from them that is less influenced by shame or guilt.\n\nVictim blaming\n\nVictim blaming is holding the victims of a crime, an accident, or any type of abusive maltreatment to be entirely or partially responsible for the incident that has occurred.\n\nIndividual blame versus system blame\nIn sociology individual blame is the tendency of a group or society to hold the individual responsible for his or her situation, whereas system blame is the tendency to focus on social factors that contribute to one's fate.\n\nBlame shifting\n\nBlaming others can lead to a \"kick the dog\" effect where individuals in a hierarchy blame their immediate subordinate, and this propagates down a hierarchy until the lowest rung (the \"dog\"). A 2009 experimental study has shown that blaming can be contagious even for uninvolved onlookers.\n\nIn complex international organizations, such as national and supranational policies regulations, the blame is usually attributed to the last echelon, the implementing actors.\n\nAs a propaganda technique\nLabeling theory accounts for blame by postulating that when intentional actors act out to continuously blame an individual for nonexistent psychological traits and for nonexistent variables, those actors aim to induce irrational guilt at an unconscious level. Blame in this case becomes a propaganda tactic, using repetitive blaming behaviors, innuendos, and hyperbole in order to assign negative status to normative humans. When innocent people are blamed fraudulently for nonexistent psychological states and nonexistent behaviors, and there is no qualifying deviance for the blaming behaviors, the intention is to create a negative valuation of innocent humans to induce fear, by using fear mongering. For centuries, governments have used blaming in the form of demonization to influence public perceptions of various other governments, to induce feelings of nationalism in the public. Blame can objectify people, groups, and nations, typically negatively influencing the intended subjects of propaganda, compromising their objectivity. Blame is utilized as a social-control technique.\n\nIn organizations \n\nThe flow of blame in an organization may be a primary indicator of that organization's robustness and integrity. Blame flowing downwards, from management to staff, or laterally between professionals or partner organizations, indicates organizational failure. In a blame culture, problem-solving is replaced by blame-avoidance. Blame coming from the top generates \"fear, malaise, errors, accidents, and passive-aggressive responses from the bottom\", with those at the bottom feeling powerless and lacking emotional safety. Employees have expressed that organizational blame culture made them fear prosecution for errors, accidents and thus unemployment, which may make them more reluctant to report accidents, since trust is crucial to encourage accident reporting. This makes it less likely that weak indicators of safety threats get picked up, thus preventing the organization from taking adequate measures to prevent minor problems from escalating into uncontrollable situations. Several issues identified in organizations with a blame culture contradicts high reliability organizations best practices. Organisational chaos, such as confused roles and responsibilities, is strongly associated with blame culture and workplace bullying. Blame culture promotes a risk aversive approach, which prevent from adequately assessing risks.\n\nAccording to Mary Douglas, blame is systematically used in the micro politics of institutions, with three latent functions: explaining disasters; justifying allegiances, and stabilizing existing institutional regimes. Within a politically stable regime, blame tends to be asserted on the weak or unlucky one, but in a less stable regime, blame shifting may involve a battle between rival factions. Douglas was interested in how blame stabilizes existing power structures within institutions or social groups. She devised a two-dimensional typology of institutions, the first attribute being named \"group\", which is the strength of boundaries and social cohesion, the second \"grid\", the degree and strength of the hierarchy. According to Douglas, blame will fall on different entities depending on the institutional type. For markets, blame is used in power struggles between potential leaders. In bureaucracies, blame tends to flow downwards and is attributed to a failure to follow rules. In a clan, blame is asserted on outsiders or involves allegations of treachery, to suppress dissidence and strengthen the group's ties. In the 4th type, isolation, the individuals are facing the competitive pressures of the marketplace alone, in other words there is a condition of fragmentation with a loss of social cohesion, potentially leading to feelings of powerlessness and fatalism, and this type was renamed by various other authors into \"donkey jobs\". It is suggested that the progressive changes in managerial practices in healthcare is leading to an increase in donkey jobs.\n\nThe requirement of accountability and transparency, assumed to be key for good governance, worsen the behaviors of blame avoidance, both at the individual and institutional levels, as is observed in various domains such as politics and healthcare. Indeed, institutions tend to be risk-averse and blame-averse, and where the management of societal risks (the threats to society) and institutional risks (threats to the organizations managing the societal risks) are not aligned, there may be organizational pressures to prioritize the management of institutional risks at the expense of societal risks. Furthermore, \"blame-avoidance behaviour at the expense of delivering core business is a well-documented organizational rationality\". The willingness of maintaining one's reputation may be a key factor explaining the relationship between accountability and blame avoidance. This may produce a \"risk colonization\", where institutional risks are transferred to societal risks, as a strategy of risk management. Some researchers argue that there is \"no risk-free lunch\" and \"no blame-free risk\", an analogy to the \"no free lunch\" adage.\n\nSee also\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n Douglas, Tom. Scapegoats: Transferring Blame, London-New York, Routledge, 1995.\n Wilcox, Clifton W. Scapegoat: Targeted for Blame, Denver, Outskirts Press, 2009.\n\nExternal links\n\n Blaming\n Moral Responsibility (also on praise and blame), in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy\n Praise and Blame, in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy\n\nSocial psychology\nEthics\nBehavior\nAccountability\nMoral psychology", "Self-blame is a cognitive process in which an individual attributes the occurrence of a stressful event to oneself. The direction of blame often has implications for individuals’ emotions and behaviors during and following stressful situations. Self-blame is a common reaction to stressful events and has certain effects on how individuals adapt. Types of self-blame are hypothesized to contribute to depression, and self-blame is a component of self-directed emotions like guilt and self-disgust. Because of self-blame's commonality in response to stress and its role in emotion, self-blame should be examined using psychology's perspectives on stress and coping. This article will attempt to give an overview of the contemporary study on self-blame in psychology.\n\nSelf-blame and stress \nWhile conceptualizations of stress have differed, the most dominant accounts in current psychology are appraisal-based models of stress. These models define stress as a reaction to a certain type of subjective appraisal, done by an individual, of the circumstances he or she is in. Specifically, stress occurs when an individual decides that a factor in the environment puts demands on the individual beyond his or her current ability to deal with it. The process of rating situations as demanding or nondemanding is called appraisal, and this process can occur quickly and without conscious awareness. Appraisal models of stress are sometimes called “interactional” because the occurrence of stress depends on an interaction between characteristics of the person, especially goals, and the environmental situation. Only if the individual perceives a situation to threaten his or her goals does stress occur. This structure explains the fact that individuals often differ in their emotional and stress responses when they are presented with similar situations. Stress does not come from events themselves, but from the conflict of the event with an individual's goals. While researchers disagree about the time-course of appraisals, how appraisals are made, and the degree to which individuals differ in their appraisals, appraisal-models of stress are dominant in psychology. Appraisals may occur without conscious awareness. Stress itself is a systemic psychological state that includes a subjective “feel” and a motivational-component (the individual desires to reduce stress); some researchers consider stress to be a subset of or a closely related system to emotions, which likewise depend on appraisal and motivate behavior.\n\nOnce this appraisal has occurred, actions taken to reduce stress constitute coping processes. Coping can involve changes to the situation-environment relationship (changing the situation or the goals that led to stress appraisal), reducing the emotional consequences of a stress appraisal, or avoiding thinking about the stressful situation. Categorizations of types of coping vary between researchers. Coping strategies differ in their effects on subjective well-being; for example, positive reappraisal is consistently found to be a correlate of higher subjective-well being, while distraction from stressors is typically a negative correlate of well-being. Coping behaviors constitute the moderating factor between events and circumstances on one hand and psychological outcomes, like well-being or mental disorders, on the other. Causal attributions of the event are a way to deal with the stress of an event, and so self-blame is a type of coping. During and after traumatic events, individuals’ appraisals affect how stressful the event is, their beliefs on what caused the event, meanings they may derive from the event, and changes they make in their future behavior.\n\nTheories of Self-Blame\n\nCharacterological and behavioral self-blame \nA classification of self-blame into characterological and behavioral types has been proposed to distinguish whether individuals are putting blame on changeable or unchangeable causes. This division, first proposed by Janoff-Bulman, defines behavioral self-blame (BSB) as causal attribution of an event's occurrence to specific, controllable actions that the individual took. Characterological self-blame (CSB), on the other hand, is attribution of blame to factors of the self that are uncontrollable and stable over time (e.g. “I am the type of person that gets taken advantage of”). CSB attributions are harder to change than behavioral attributions of blame. The development of these categories comes from observation of depressed individuals; sufferers often display feelings of helplessness and lack of control while simultaneously blaming their choices for negative occurrences, resulting in the so-called “paradox of depression”. From an outside perspective, it would seem that blaming one's actions implies that the individual can choose better in the future. However, if this blame is towards uncontrollable characteristics (CSB), not choosable actions (BSB), the factors resulting in a negative outcome were uncontrollable. BSB and CSB are thus proposed to be activities that, while related, are distinct and differ in their effects when used as coping processes.\n\nEmpirical findings support the existence of the behavioral/characterological distinction in self-blame. For one, BSB is much more common than CSB Tilghman-Osbourne, 2008) A factor analyses of individuals’ attributions of blame and their ability to predict psychological symptoms have identified two clusters of self-blame: a factor of blame for the type of victim, correlated with self-contempt and self-disgust; and a factor of blame towards poor judgment or choices of the victim, correlated with guilt. These factors closely correspond to CSB and BSB definitions, and so the study provides some theoretical support that individuals assign self-blame differently to unchoosable characteristics and choices they have made. Research has also compared CSB and BSB to moral emotions that individuals have, such as guilt and shame. CSB and shame had convergent validity to predict depressive symptoms in adolescents. On the other hand, guilt and BSB did not show convergent validity, and some evidence suggests further subtypes of guilt and BSB. Factor analysis of adolescents self-blame from bullying showed differences between attributions of CSB and BSB\n\nHowever, though distinct types of self-blame have been identified, evidence distinguishing their effectiveness as coping have been mixed. Evidence on the effects of BSB is mixed. Both CSB and BSB predicted depressive symptoms in rape victims, though CSB also had a higher relationship with future fear, and both types correlated positively with symptoms of psychological disorder in domestic abuse victims. CSB mediated the relationship between bullying victimization and anxiety, loneliness, and low-self worth in middle-school students, while BSB had no positive or negative effect on well-being. Other studies did not find significant effects of self-blame on psychological outcomes. One study found that BSB and CSB had a concurrent relationship with depressive symptoms, but no role to predict depressive symptoms in the future, while another found that only CSB concurrently correlated with depressive symptoms. One study of Ullman and colleagues found no effect of CSB to predict PTSD or depressive symptoms from sexual abuse. Parents of children killed by sudden infant death syndrome showed no predictive relationship of BSB or CSB and future distress.\n\n\tMany studies, including recent ones, continue to treat self-blame as a unified factor. Studies that conflate the terms of self-blame tend to find negative psychological impacts; the notable exception is the seminal Bulman & Wortman study of accident paralysis victims, which noted the adaptive effect of self-blame to improve victims’ recovery.\n\nPerceived control \nThe feeling of a person that he or she can change a situation with their actions is called perceived control. Appraisals of control over a stressor have been consistently found to influence the type of coping used. If individuals believe a stressful situation is changeable, they will likely use problem-focused coping, or attempts to eliminate the stressor. Appraisal that stressors are unchangeable will lead individuals to cope by avoiding the stressor or minimizing negative consequences of the stressor. Researchers have hypothesized that perceived control leads to more effective coping and better understanding of one's capabilities. Self-blame has a relationship with control. If individuals blame their past, controllable actions (BSB), they may believe they can change actions to influence the future. In other words, BSB could lead to higher perceived control, and researchers have suggested this makes BSB an adaptive form of coping. Self-blame might lead to an increase in perceived control and a decrease in the belief of random chance, which would motivate other coping strategies in turn. On the other hand, CSB could still be a maladaptive form of coping because uncontrollable characteristics (e.g. gender, personality) are responsible for negative events\n\nResearch on perceived control as a mediator of the relationship between self-blame, non-self-blame coping strategies, and well-being outcomes has shown mixed results. A study of abusive relationship victims found that CSB or BSB had no relationship with perceived control. BSB had a negative relationship with perceived control in another study; additionally, BSB correlated with problem avoidance and social withdrawal, while perceived control correlated with adaptive forms of coping like cognitive restructuring. Why does BSB not seem to have an effect to increase perceived control? After all, BSB involves blaming controllable actions for outcomes, suggesting that events are within the realm of control. In bereaved parents, attributions of self-blame declined over time after bereavement, but attribution of events to chance remained stable. These findings suggest that attributions of responsibility are not zero-sum quantities. Blaming oneself does not necessarily exclude acknowledgement of the power of other individuals and chance. In this way, self-blame seems less likely to result in perceived control; even when an individual self-attributes causal responsibility, they may yet believe that other factors could interfere with their control. These data suggest that self-blame is maladaptive across the board.\n\nPerceived control itself, however, did predict better adjustment through high effect of perceived control to predict lower psychological symptoms, but additionally, it might be difficult to use one type of self-blame without using both types. For the hypothesis that self-blame motivates other types of adaptive coping, self-blame negatively correlated with positive reappraisal, focusing on planning, and positively correlated with rumination, each of which are typically-maladaptive coping strategies. CSB did correlate significantly with avoidance/substance coping and to reduce emotional regulation. The lack of problem-focused coping suggests that individuals had low perceived control. Individuals that blame powerful groups in society for occurrence of sexual assault showed negative effects on perceived control and psychological well-being\n\nDepression and self-blame \nThe hopelessness theory of depression proposes that depression is caused by two variables: attribution of negative events to stable and global causes, and other cognitive factors like low self-esteem (Krith, 2014). CSB attributes occurrence of events to stable aspects of the individual that are not controllable. CSB attributions seem likely to cause helplessness, since individuals believe they are powerless to control the characteristics that lead to negative events. On the other hand, BSB has an indeterminate effect under hopelessness theory, since BSB attributes events to behaviors that can be controlled to produce better outcomes. These theories of attributional style and stress and coping have similar predictions to Janoff-Bulman's BSB/CSB distinction. Depression occurs when individuals feel that they cannot control the future. The CSB/BSB distinction also corresponds to Dweck's distinction between ability and effort attributions. Effort attributions are when individuals assign success or failure to the hard work and other controllable factors, while ability attributions assign outcomes to internal, stable characteristics, like intelligence. Dweck noted that individuals that believe outcomes are uncontrollable are more likely to be debilitated by setbacks, procrastinate or avoid stressors, and show greater stress responses. In short, theorists believe that the type of cause to which events are attributed is a central factor of effectiveness of blame.\n\nExploratory neuroscientific evidence has found a distinct sign of connectivity abnormality associated with general self-blame. Evidence suggests that major depressive disorder creates vulnerability to depression that lasts years after the cessation of depressive episodes. One of the mechanisms of this “scar theory” of depression is proposed to be increased likelihood to perform self-blame. Self-blaming biases are present in patients with remitted depression, and these biases are associated with risk of recurrence of MDD. Researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain regions and connections associated with self-blame. Abnormal activation was demonstrated in subgenual cingulate cortex and septal region (SCSR) in currently depressed individuals, but in other situations as well: previously-depressed individuals showed differences in brain activity while feeling guilt compared to always-healthy controls. Also, the amount of connection abnormality in these regions was predictive of depression recurrence. These data suggest that depression episodes change the quality of self-blame, making individuals vulnerable to depression recurrence.\n\nCounterfactual Thinking \nTheories on counterfactual thinking could explain the confusing evidence regarding self-blame and psychological adjustment. Counterfactual thinking involves the consideration of alternative possibilities that could have occurred, like how a stressful event or loss could have been avoided. Self-blame involves assessment of causal responsibility to certain variables, so it involves counterfactual thinking about what changes could have avoided the incident. Theories on counterfactual thinking have proposed that the direction of the counterfactual determines the psychological effect of the thinking. Upward counterfactuals, thinking about ways in which things could have gone better but did not, are linked with negative affect and regret. Downward counterfactuals, thinking about ways in which things could have gone worse, are linked with positive affect. Self-blame that assesses how a negative event could be avoided would be upward counterfactual thinking, so this theory hypothesizes that self-blame results in negative affect and poor adjustment. A study of counterfactual thinking found that it was associated with self-blame, which was negatively associated with psychological well-being in turn, but did not distinguish between types of self-blame.\n\nA study by Frazier, Mortensen, & Steward emphasizes the importance of the time-frame in which an individual perceives himself or herself to have control. The study tracked participants longitudinally after they experienced sexual assault. Belief that controllable actions led to the assault, or BSB, predicted worse adjustment. On the other hand, belief in current control led to better adjustment.\n\nConservation of resources model \n\nThe conservation of resources (COR) model is a theory of stress and coping that attempts to explain individual differences in coping attributions. Differences between individuals in coping can be large, even when the stressors and relevant goals of the individual. This gap in coping is attributed to differences in the resources to which the individuals have access. Individuals can invest resources to protect themselves from loss. Oftentimes, stressful situations involve the possibility of loss or gain of resources. Concretely, resources include psychological well-being, systems of social support, intellectual ability, resilience, and more. Under the COR system, maladaptive forms of coping are often used because the individual lacks sufficient resources to perform adaptive forms of coping.\n\nThe COR model, combined with evidence suggesting the ease of self-blame compared to other blame strategies, would likely interpret self-blame as a coping strategy used when resources are lacking. Self-blame appears to be a “first resort” to victims of trauma. Even when in situations where moral responsibility would seem to fall upon others, like crime victimization or accidents, individuals often seek hypotheticals in their own behavior that could have avoided the stressful event before they look in others’ behavior. This tendency might be attributable to the greater ease of thinking about one's own behavior than others. It might also require social support resources to provide affirmation that the victim's actions were not the cause of the crime. Empirically, both CSB and BSB have been found to concurrently associate with continuation in an abusive relationship and with major depressive disorder. These findings suggest that individuals who lack social support, are undergoing high levels of stress, or have impaired cognitive abilities due to mental disorder might practice self-blame because it is a coping mechanism that requires little investment of resources (citation). Perceived control is described by researchers as a resource for stress resilience, and so it can be described as a resource under the COR model.\n\nSelf-blame as meaning making \n\tMeaning-making models describe coping as strategies that extract some knowledge or fortitude from the occurrence of a negative event. This typically occurs in reactions to negative or stressful events that have already happened (harm/loss appraisals). Meaning-making stems from the intuition that individuals want to understand the world. To do this, they form beliefs about how the world works, which constitute global meanings. When individuals learn from specific events, they derive situational meanings from the event's circumstances. Conflict between existing global meanings and situational meanings cause stress, since a violation has occurred in the person's understanding of the world. For example, crime victimization may cause conflict between a global meaning (“I am generally safe in my everyday life”) and a situational meaning (“I was targeted by a criminal”). Greater conflict between global and situational meaning predicts worse adaptation to negative events, and this aligns with some researchers predictions regarding what happens when victims regard themselves as invulnerable. Dealing with meaning discrepancy is known as meaning-making and is analogous to coping. Adaptive meaning-making creates causal understanding, a feeling that the situation has been made sense of, or a sense of acceptance. Meaning-making theorists are distinct from other theories on self-blame by their emphasis on beliefs of the individual before stress occurs. Meaning-making also aligns with individuals’ subjective reports of dealing with the significance of important events.\n\nSelf-blame is a process to explain the situational meaning of an event by assigning causal responsibility. This attribution might accomplish coping by reducing the discrepancy between the preexisting global meaning and the situational meaning. Park and colleagues (2008) define a process of assimilation by which new situations are incorporated into global meaning. For self-blame, for example, a global meaning that the world is orderly could be threatened by an unexpected event. Self-blame is a way to assimilate the new situation; by blaming characteristics or behaviors of the self, the individual can continue to believe that the world operates in a sensible way. Alternately, the individual might blame him- or herself in order not perceive others as threatening or aggressive; self-blame has been shown to correlate with benign attributions made by victims of catcalling, for example.\n\nApplications \nGiven the mixed evidence of any positive benefits of BSB and the negative effects of CSB, it is difficult to propose that treatments encourage self-blame as an effective coping strategy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) aims to change maladaptive patterns of thought and behavior. This therapy may involve suggestions to the patient to change his or her appraisals of stressors. Positive reappraisal, or trying to reevaluate situations to focus on helpful or fulfilling aspects, seems to be an especially effective coping strategy that is endorsed by CBT. Positive reappraisal may include self-blame in some respects if individuals think about ways in which their choices had beneficial consequences and attribute that to their behavior, or if individuals use their choices as indications of their emotions and values. CBT might also encourage individuals to feel control over their emotions and behavioral reactions to situations, and behavioral self-blame might be a conduit for increasing perceived control. In this way, it is possible that effective therapeutic strategies would involve self-blame. However, encouraging self-blame per se does not appear likely to improve outcomes.\n\nConclusions \nTheories from social psychology, positive psychology, and clinical psychology seem to agree on the important role of perceived control in the effects of self-blame, though empirical support for this relation has been mixed. Social psychology theories of stress and coping note that self-blame is a type of coping process because it involves cognitive activities that affect the relation of an individual to their goals. Self-blame might aptly be called an emotion-focused coping strategy because it deals with the emotional consequences of a stressor without attempting to remove the stressor. However, behavioral self-blame may correlate with or motivate problem-focused coping by giving the individual a sense that negative events are avoidable in the future. The types of attributions individuals make during self-blame are important for coping. Stable, uncontrollable attributions, or CSB, have been proposed to be globally maladaptive, while unstable, controllable attributions, BSB, tend to be more controversial. However, empirical evidence has varied on both types, and this suggests an effect of other variables, such as the type of stressor, or methodological problems with instruments measuring self-blame.\n\nSelf-blame seems to interact with the type of stressor to determine whether it can be helpful. Research shows that BSB can motivate adaptive recovery behaviors in a situation of accidental injury. On the other hand, research into crime victimization has found frequent negative effects of both BSB and CSB. The difference between these scenarios may be in the differences in problem-focused coping strategies available. For injury, there are apparent ways for individuals to cope: exerting effort on rehabilitation, or positively reappraising the accident by what the individual still has. On the other hand, serious crime victimization does not offer a clear path forward to avoid future victimization that does not involve fear or social withdrawal. Situations also differ in their tendency to elicit attributions of blame. In crime victimization, attributions of blame are very common, while bereaved parents have reported lower frequency of searching to attribute blame. Behavioral self-blame may come from a false belief in control, and this could lead individuals to try their hand at unsolvable problems, like staying in an abusive relationship.\n\nOne problem in stress research is the developing better instruments to measure stress. Of particular relevance to self-blame is the importance to use measures that distinguish between CSB and BSB, which differ in their prevalence, attributions they make on controllability of the future, and their associated outcomes. Many studies examining effects of self-blame on reaction to misfortune and trauma do not distinguish between types of self-blame.; as such, they may struggle to understand whether individuals are putting blame on their choices or actions (behavioral factors), or on uncontrollable aspects of the self (characterological factors). This parallels a problem of conflating ways of coping that are maladaptive with those that are adaptive, or conflating coping behaviors with outcomes that come after coping\n\nIn any case, while BSB has not been found empirically-effective enough to recommend by itself, it seems to be less harmful than CSB. Empirical studies, when they distinguish between CSB and BSB, often show differences between their effects. One intriguing area of study is if BSB can be used as an alternative to CSB. In line with Dweck's studies on encouraging effort, not ability, attributions, it seems that it might be possible to propose attributing outcomes to choices, not stable, unchoosable characteristics. Following this line, attribution theorists suggest that events are attributed to one factor or another, not both. While this might not be useful in treatment of mental disorders like depression, where both types of self-blame are already present, it may be endorsable as a preventive measure against stressful events to “switch” blame from characterological factors to behavioral factors. However, it may not be easy to blame behaviors without making some characterological judgments as well. Future research may examine whether or not BSB can be used as a substitute for CSB.\n\nReferences\n\nSelf" ]

[ "James Buchanan", "Final years", "What did he do in his final years?", "The Civil War erupted within two months of Buchanan's retirement.", "How did that effect him?", "He supported the United States, writing to former colleagues that \"the assault upon Sumter was the commencement of war by the Confederate states,", "What was the response to his support?", "also wrote a letter to his fellow Pennsylvania Democrats, urging them to \"join the many thousands of brave & patriotic volunteers who are already in the field\".", "What did he do after that?", "Buchanan spent most of his remaining years defending himself from public blame for the Civil War,", "How did the public blame him?", "which was even referred to by some as \"Buchanan's War\"." ]

[ "The 2019 JEGS 200 was a NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series race held on May 3, 2019, at Dover International Speedway in Dover, Delaware. Contested over 200 laps on the one-mile (1.6 km) concrete speedway, it was the sixth race of the 2019 NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series season.\n\nEntry list\n\nPractice\n\nFirst practice\nRaphaël Lessard was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 23.226 seconds and a speed of .\n\nFinal practice\nJohnny Sauter was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 22.936 seconds and a speed of .\n\nQualifying\nBrett Moffitt scored the pole for the race with a time of 22.303 seconds and a speed of .\n\nQualifying results\n\nRace\n\nSummary\n\nBrett Moffitt started on pole and led the first stage of the race, though Johnny Sauter trailed him closely. Sheldon Creed was able to catch up to Sauter and move up into contention thanks to lapped traffic. When Creed caught up to Moffitt, they approached Spencer Boyd and Ray Ciccarelli running side-by-side. The lapped trucks held up both Moffitt and Creed, allowing Sauter to take and hold on to the lead, winning the stage.\n\nCreed got off pit road quickly and managed to lead 59 of the next 61 laps. A caution occurred due to Austin Wayne Self crashing on the front stretch, causing all of the drivers to make their final pit stops for the race. Creed fell behind while Ben Rhodes assumed the lead. Afterwards, Creed spun exiting Turn 2 and hit Todd Gilliland, heavily damaging the front of his truck, ultimately eliminating him from the race after his strong run.\n\nSauter was able to pass Rhodes for the lead with 30 laps to go, and held off a charging Brett Moffitt to claim his 24th career Gander Outdoors Truck Series victory and his third straight win at Dover.\n\nStage Results\n\nStage One\nLaps: 45\n\nStage Two\nLaps: 45\n\nFinal Stage Results\n\nStage Three\nLaps: 110\n\nReferences\n\n2019 in sports in Delaware\nJEGS 200\nNASCAR races at Dover International Speedway", "Matthew Eliot Hemingway (born October 24, 1972) is a retired American track and field athlete. He won a silver medal in the high jump at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens by clearing a height of 2.34 meters (7 ft 8 in). Reflecting on this he said: \"I'm ecstatic about winning the silver. You don't lose gold medals. People win them. I won a silver and Stefan Holm won a gold.\" His personal best jump came at the 2000 US Indoor Championship where he leaped 2.38 m (7 ft 9 in). He jumped off of his left leg.\n\nHemingway is 6 ft 7 in (or 2.01 m) tall and during his career weighed approximately 185 lb (or 84 kg). He originally is from Buena Vista, Colorado and graduated the University of Arkansas in 1996. His best college performance was a second-place finish at the 1996 NCAA Outdoor Championships.\n\nHe came eighth at the 1991 U.S. Junior Championships and jumped 7 ft 4 in. In 1993 he placed 8th at the NCAA Outdoors and was 15th in qualifying at USA Outdoors with a jump of 7 ft 4.5 in. He was fourth at the collegiate SEC Outdoors in 1994. In 1995 he was third at the NCAA Outdoors, second at the SEC Outdoors and 12th (a tie) at USA Outdoors. His year's best was a jump of 7 ft 4.5 in. In his senior year, 1996, he finished third at the Southeastern Conference championships, but then earned 2nd place at the NCAA Outdoors championships. At the 1996 USA Olympic Trials he earned first alternate position for the US Olympic Team by placing fourth. He finished the 1996 season ranked fifth in U.S., with a best jump of 7 ft 6.5 in.\n\nHis first year out of school was disappointing, with a best of only 7' 3\" (set indoors) followed by a tenth-place finish at the 1997 USA Outdoors championships. Saying he was burnt out and that jumping was no longer fun, Hemingway sat out for two years and worked as a white water rafting guide in Colorado in 1998 and 1999, marrying his Arkansas college sweetheart, Kate, in 1998. He then returned to competition in a big way in 2000.\n\nUSA Championship Meet Record Indoors\nHe returned to jumping during the 2000 indoor season and won the US Indoor Championship with his personal best jump of 2.38 m (7 ft 9 in). The meet was held in Atlanta, and Hemingway easily defeated Charles Austin and Jeremy Fischer, who could clear only 2.27. Hemingway's 2.38 was not only a personal best, it was also a new Indoor Championship Meet Record and the highest indoor jump in the world that year. At the 2000 USA Olympic Trials he had a very poor meet, finishing tenth with a jump of only 7' 1.5 (2.17m)- a height at which he would normally begin competing.\n\nA stress fracture in his jumping foot stopped him from competing through the following year. He made a comeback in 2002 and was second at the USA Outdoors. He had a great, early start to the 2003 outdoor season, establishing a new personal (outdoor) best of 2.34 (7' 8.25\") at the Modesto Relays in Modesto, California on 10 May. He repeated his 2nd-place finish at 2003 USA championships, and placed 13th at the 2003 World Championships in Athletics.\n\n2004 Athens Olympics\nIn 2004, at the (relatively advanced) age of 31, he finally earned a place on the US Olympic Team with a jump of 2.30 (7 ft 6.5 in) in the Trials. At the Olympics in Athens, he easily cleared the (automatic) qualifying height of 2.20 to reach the finals. In the finals on 22 August, Hemingway began jumping at 2.20 and was perfect (no misses) through 2.34. Four men cleared that height, including American teammate Jamie Nieto. As the bar was raised 2 centimeters to 2.36, Hemingway was in first place by virtue of being the only jumper with a perfect record. But when Sweden's Stefan Holm was the only jumper to scale 2.36, Hemingway was awarded the silver and Jaroslav Baba took the bronze (because of two misses at 2.32). For Hemingway, the 2.34 matched his personal best outdoors.\n\nPersonal life\nHe is related to the famous writer Ernest Hemingway. Along with his wife, he has adopted one Ethiopian child and plan to adopt another. In the future, he and his wife plan to adopt a couple of other children. Hemingway and his wife appeared in the episode \"Making Room\" (season 3, episode 3) of the HGTV television show Carter Can with Carter Oosterhouse. The show highlights their attempt to make room for their first adopted child.\n\nMatt also works as a guide for whitewater rafting company Noah's Ark Whitewater Rafting and Adventure in Buena Vista, CO close tow where he grew up. In the past Matt worked as manager for a cellular phone store, technical engineer for a wireless carrier (he worked full-time while training for a chance at the Olympics). As of 2006, Hemingway leads a department at the InterActive Corporation (IAC)-owned online home improvement advertiser ServiceMagic in Golden, Colorado. Currently not working at ServiceMagic\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official website\n US Olympic Team Biography\n \n\n\n\nLiving people\n1972 births\nAmerican male high jumpers\nAthletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics\nArkansas Razorbacks men's track and field athletes\nUniversity of Arkansas alumni\nMedalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics\nOlympic silver medalists for the United States in track and field" ]

[ "James Buchanan", "Final years", "What did he do in his final years?", "The Civil War erupted within two months of Buchanan's retirement.", "How did that effect him?", "He supported the United States, writing to former colleagues that \"the assault upon Sumter was the commencement of war by the Confederate states,", "What was the response to his support?", "also wrote a letter to his fellow Pennsylvania Democrats, urging them to \"join the many thousands of brave & patriotic volunteers who are already in the field\".", "What did he do after that?", "Buchanan spent most of his remaining years defending himself from public blame for the Civil War,", "How did the public blame him?", "which was even referred to by some as \"Buchanan's War\".", "Was he approached and blamed when he went outdoors?", "\". He began receiving angry and threatening letters daily, and stores displayed Buchanan's likeness with the eyes inked red," ]

[ "John D. Roth is the current editor of The Mennonite Quarterly Review and director of the Institute for the Study of Global Anabaptism at Goshen College. He received his PhD from the University of Chicago. His books include Choosing Against War: A Christian View, Beliefs: Mennonite Faith and Practice, Stories: How Mennonites Came to Be, and Practices: Mennonite Worship and Witness. He discussed his book on war in several places including the Netherlands. He has also written for Christianity Today concerning the Anabaptists and Amish.\n\nRoth edited Constantine Revisited: Leithart, Yoder, and the Constantinian Debate, a collection of essays by Christian pacifists criticizing Peter Leithart's argument that Constantine steered the Church in the wrong direction by abandoning Christ's doctrine of nonviolence, exemplified by his willingness to die rather than defend himself, and arguing instead that God did not want Christians to live as a powerless, oppressed minority.\n\nHe currently teaches at Goshen College.\n\nReferences \n\nMennonite writers\nUniversity of Chicago alumni\nGoshen College faculty\nAcademic journal editors\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)", "Saint Ernest (died 1148) was the abbot of the Benedictine Zwiefalten Abbey at Zwiefalten, Germany from 1141 to 1146. He participated in the Second Crusade fought by Christians between 1146 and 1149 to defend the Holy Land following the Turkish atabeg Zengi's capture of the strategically important city of Edessa in 1144.\n\nLife \n\nErnest is a Germanic name meaning severe. Not much is known about Saint Ernest's life. He was born of a noble family in Steisslingen, Germany, and along with his two brothers became important patrons of reformed monasteries in Swabia. How and when Ernst entered the religious life is not clear. A donation to Zwiefalten by the three brothers from 1131 suggests they might have taken monastic vows as early as that time, while the later Vita Ernusti claims he was a child oblate. Because the Hirsau rule, which Zwiefalten followed, did not permit child oblates, this later tradition is likely invented.\n\nThe Crusade \n\nWhen St. Bernard called for participation in the Second Crusade to defend the Latin Kingdom and roll back Zengi's advances in Syria, the German king Conrad III, along with many other nobles and churchmen, including Ernest, responded. Ernest attached himself to a contingent of pilgrims and fighters led by the king's brother, bishop Otto of Freising. The crusade was not successful. The German armies suffered massive attrition on their march through Asia Minor and those few who did make it to join the other Crusader forces led by the French king Louis VII in the Holy Land eventually retreated from an ill-considered siege of Damascus in July 1148 and returned home in ignominy. Otto of Freising's group progressed along the southwestern coastal route across Anatolia from Ephesus to Laodicia before making for the coast and securing naval passage to Antioch. They suffered nearly the whole way from severe hunger and other deprivations, including ambushes by Turkish forces in which numerous Christians were taken prisoner or killed.\n\nMartyrdom \n\nSt. Ernest himself did not reach Jerusalem. There are no eyewitness or near-contemporary accounts of what happened to him, but a later twelfth-century hagiography, the Vita S. Ernusti abbatis, written at Zwiefalten, describes how he was taken captive by Saracens in an ambush, and then, along with 40 other Christian prisoners selected for their youth and comeliness, brought to Mecca and presented to the \"king of Persia.\" In the vita's account, the king orders Ernest and the other Christians to venerate his pagan gods, but Ernest steadfastly refuses. Brutally tortured, he is brought once again before the idols and told to worship them. Instead, he stones the idols with rocks, smashing them to pieces. Ernest is then killed by having his viscera drawn out of his navel and wound around a rod. The story contains a number of fanciful elements, but reproduces in particular the popular medieval image of Muslims as idolaters, a myth that Otto of Freising himself went to some lengths to dispel in his chronicle On the History of the Two Cities.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n St. Ernest at Catholic Online\n Biography of St. Ernest in Spanish\n http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/76400\n\nGerman Roman Catholic saints\n1148 deaths\nGerman Benedictines\nBenedictine abbots\nYear of birth unknown\nChristians of the Second Crusade" ]

[ "Kyle Sandilands", "Network Ten firing" ]

[ "Ron Wilson (born 25 October 1954) is a Northern Irish-born Australian television and radio news presenter and voice-over with a lengthy career in journalism and hosting, especially with Network Ten, an Australian television network.\n\nWilson is currently a news presenter on FM radio network smoothfm, a division of NOVA Entertainment and previously worked at Network Ten in Sydney for over 33 years.\n\nPersonal life\nWilson was born in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland and emigrated to Australia with his family when he was a young child. He spent much of his childhood in Victoria and completed a law degree in Darwin, Northern Territory. When Cyclone Tracy destroyed Darwin in 1974, Wilson was on scene as host of a local radio program. Wilson admitted on the \"Newsreaders Vs TV Hosts\" episode of All Star Family Feud on 21 November 2016 that he still suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder from surviving Cyclone Tracy. He received Australian citizenship on 31 March 2008.\n\nWilson is married with three children. He supports the Sydney Swans AFL club.\n\nCareer\n\nTelevision\nWilson worked as a newsreader on Good Morning Australia from 1982 to 1991 alongside Kerri-Anne Kennerley and Gordon Elliott among others. During that time, he also presented Ten in NSW Sydney's weekend newscasts (variously called Ten Eyewitness News, Ten News, Eyewitness News and Ten Evening News). Wilson took the helm of Good Morning Australia alongside Sandra Sully in 1992. The pair moved from dawn to dusk a year later, presenting TEN-10's 5pm newscast. From 1981 to 1982 Wilson had presented the evening 6pm news with Katrina Lee. In 1994, Wilson was joined at the Sydney newsdesk by Juanita Phillips and, two years later, by Jessica Rowe in a partnership lasting 10 years. He also presented NEW-10 Perth's 5pm news (broadcast from TEN-10's studios) from 2003 to 2005.\n\nWilson has reported and presented from the scene of some of Sydney's biggest news events. He covered the Ansett Australia 747 crash at Sydney Airport in 1994 – the only Sydney news presenter to broadcast from the airport that night – and broadcast from several of Sydney's major bushfires of the 1990s and early 2000s.\n\nWilson presented non-stop coverage of the start of Gulf War 1 on 17 January 1991 (AEDT) on Ten from mid-morning until 6pm. He also presented live coverage of the first US strikes against Baghdad marking the commencement of the War in Iraq in 2003.\n\nWilson has joked that \"everyone has had a read with Ron\". His co-presenters have included Anne Fulwood, Sandra Sully, Katrina Lee, Juanita Phillips, Deborah Knight, Jessica Rowe, Natarsha Belling, Tracey Spicer, Charmaine Dragun, Celina Edmonds, Claudia Emery, Margaret Bates, Geraldine Doogue and Ann Sanders.\n\nWilson was replaced on Sydney's Ten News at Five bulletin by Bill Woods in January 2009.\n\nTen Early News\nWilson was previously the presenter of Ten Early News and also Ten Morning News on Mondays and Tuesdays. He also previously presented Ten News at Five in Sydney alongside Deborah Knight until 16 January 2009.\n\nIn May 2012, Wilson was appointed news presenter on Breakfast, a role he retained until August 2012. He also presented Ten News updates on The Circle until the program was cancelled in August 2012.\nIn August 2012 it was announced Wilson would return as presenter of Ten Morning News\n\nDespite reportedly being sacked by Network Ten in November 2012, Wilson continued with the station as a fill-in presenter for its national weekend news bulletins. He filled in for Sandra Sully and Natarsha Belling until 28 December that year which was his final time presenting for Ten News.\n\nIn October 2013, Wilson began making regular appearances on the Seven Network's breakfast show Sunrise.\n\nRadio\nIn the period between 1975 and 1979, Wilson worked for a number of radio stations, including 2WL Wollongong, 2SM and 2UE. He also worked at Sydney radio station Mix 106.5 for several years in the early 2000s as newsreader on the breakfast show. He resigned from Mix 106.5 in 2006.\n\nWilson replaced the outgoing Rowan Barker as Macquarie National News newsreader on 30 June 2008. Wilson was subsequently heard on 7 July 2008 as he did the Macquarie National News bulletins for 2GB during the Alan Jones Breakfast Show as well as Bob Rogers' show at sister station 2CH on 9 July 2008.\n\nIn April 2013, Wilson joined smoothfm as a newsreader.\n\nMovie\nHe had a small part as an extra in the first scene of the movie The Odd Angry Shot\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nRon Wilson bio on Network Ten's website\n\nTelevision in Sydney\n10 News First presenters\nLiving people\n1955 births\nIrish emigrants to Australia", "Robert Flores (born July 7, 1970) is a sports journalist, who works for MLB Network and NHL Network as a studio host for each. He fills in for Hot Stove on MLB Network. Flores formerly worked at ESPN. Joining the network in 2005, Flores was an anchor for ESPNEWS and for ESPN's SportsCenter (2007–2016). Flores provided studio updates during each game of ABC College Football, and Saturday Night Football. He also served as a substitute studio host for ESPN2's Friday Night Fights. Flores hosted the live afternoon edition of SportsCenter from noon - 3 p.m. with Chris McKendry until early September 2009, when he was replaced with John Buccigross. He was also a substitute host for Baseball Tonight. Flores announced on February 4, 2016 that he would be leaving ESPN after ten years.\n\nFlores is a native of Houston, Texas. He attended J. Frank Dobie High School in Houston and is in the JFD Hall of Fame. He graduated from the University of Houston with a B.A. in Radio/Television in 1992.\n\nA noted fan of professional wrestling, Flores is also the proud owner of a prized Louisville Slugger Ric Flair model bat, autographed by Flair himself.\n\nNotable incidents\nIn 2006, Flores was co-anchoring ESPNEWS with Danyelle Sargent when she made her now infamous statement \"What the fuck was that,\" due to technical difficulties. Flores was once fired for muttering the same curse word on-air in 2004 when he worked for KEYE in Austin, Texas on a taped segment that was not intended for air.\n\nIn March 2015 he made a comment on SportsCenter that Iggy Azalea is \"killing hip-hop\" leading to numerous verbal jabs between him and Azalea's then boyfriend NBA shooting guard Nick Young.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nMLB Network Bio\nRobert Flores ESPN Bio\n\n1970 births\nLiving people\nUniversity of Houston alumni\nBoxing commentators\nMajor League Baseball broadcasters\nMLB Network personalities\nCollege football announcers\nAmerican television sports anchors" ]

[ "Kyle Sandilands", "Network Ten firing", "Why was he fired from network ten?", "Idol, citing the network's view that the Kyle and Jackie O Show's content was incompatible with the family-oriented image of Idol." ]

[ "Bob Warnock (October 24, 1911 – August 3, 2004) was a sailor on the deck of the submarine, USS Cachalot, when the attack on Pearl Harbor began. After witnessing a Japanese plane torpedo the nearby , he fired upon the plane with his sidearm. It was once thought that these were the first shots fired by an American in World War II, though these were in fact fired by the crew of USS Ward. Whether he struck the plane is unknown.\n\nReferences \n\n1911 births\n2004 deaths\nUnited States Navy personnel of World War II\nUnited States Navy sailors\nAttack on Pearl Harbor", "Steve Trilling (October 2, 1902, New York City – May 28, 1964, Los Angeles) was a Hollywood executive, best known for being second in command to Jack L. Warner at Warner Bros in the 1940s through to 1960s. He replaced Hal Wallis after Wallis left the studio, although Trilling had less power than Wallis.\n\nTrilling joined Warner when it acquired Stanley Theatres in 1928. He was a casting director before becoming Jack Warner's executive assistant. In 1942 when Warner went into the army, Trilling ran the studio on Warner's behalf. Trilling became an associate executive producer in 1951 and a vice president in 1957.\n\nTrilling was replaced by William T. Orr as head of the movie making division in 1961. He was fired from Warner in 1964. According to the blog Classic TV, shortly after being fired in 1964, Trilling committed suicide.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n \n\nAmerican film studio executives\n1902 births\n1964 deaths\nWarner Bros." ]

[ "Kyle Sandilands", "Network Ten firing", "Why was he fired from network ten?", "Idol, citing the network's view that the Kyle and Jackie O Show's content was incompatible with the family-oriented image of Idol.", "When was he fired?", "3 August 2009," ]

[ "Where Did We Go Wrong may refer to:\n \"Where Did We Go Wrong\" (Dondria song), 2010\n \"Where Did We Go Wrong\" (Toni Braxton and Babyface song), 2013\n \"Where Did We Go Wrong\", a song by Petula Clark from the album My Love\n \"Where Did We Go Wrong\", a song by Diana Ross from the album Ross\n \"Where Did We Go Wrong\", a 1980 song by Frankie Valli", "Ronald Shaw Meyer (February 17, 1941 – December 5, 2017) was an American college and professional football coach. He is best known for having been the head coach of Southern Methodist University, the New England Patriots and Indianapolis Colts.\n\nBiography\nMeyer's head coaching career began at UNLV, where he coached from 1973 through 1975. In 1974, he had an undefeated season at UNLV at 11–0; leading the Rebels to the NCAA Division II playoffs. In 1976, Meyer was the head coach of Southern Methodist University where he coached until 1981. This tenure included winning the Southwest Conference championship in 1981 with running backs Eric Dickerson and Craig James. While at SMU, Meyer was the losing coach in the famous \"Miracle Bowl\" in the 1980 Holiday Bowl, where SMU held a 45–25 lead against BYU with less than four minutes to play in the fourth quarter, only to lose 46–45 thanks to three touchdown passes from Jim McMahon.\n\nMeyer moved to the pros in 1982, where he would coach the New England Patriots for three seasons. He was named the AFC Coach of the Year in his first season where he led the New England Patriots to the playoffs in the strike-shortened 1982 NFL season after the team had finished with the league's worst record the prior season. He is perhaps best remembered by New England fans for coaching during the infamous Snowplow Game against the Miami Dolphins on December 12, 1982. Under heavy snow at Foxboro Stadium with 4:45 remaining in the game, the Patriots lined up for a go-ahead field goal. Meyer called for a stadium worker named Mark Henderson (who was on a prison work release) to drive his snowplow on the field in order to clear an area for holder Matt Cavanaugh to spot the ball and to give kicker John Smith better footing. The Patriots went on to win the game, 3–0, on their way to their first playoff appearance since the 1978 season.\n\nIn 1984, Meyer was fired in midseason despite having a 5–3 record and was replaced by Raymond Berry. The move was prompted by team-wide alienation of players on Meyer's part, to where Patriots GM Patrick Sullivan was forced to hold player-only meetings. Meyer responded by firing assistant coach Rod Rust, though he did not have authority to do so. He was fired soon after. Rust was rehired by Berry, and the Patriots reached Super Bowl XX in 1985 and won the AFC East Division Title in 1986. Rust became head coach upon Berry's resignation after the 1989 season, but was fired after a disastrous 1–15 campaign in 1990.\n\nMeyer spent over a year out of coaching after being dismissed by the Patriots. After initially agreeing to accept the open Head Coach position at his collegiate alma mater, Purdue; Meyer accepted the now vacant Indianapolis Colts head coach position. When he accepted the job late in the 1986 season, the Colts were 0–13 at the time. Meyer promptly led the Colts to 3 straight victories to finish 3–13. A year later, he won the AFC East Division title with the Colts where he once again won the AFC Coach of the Year. Meyer was helped in large part by being reunited with his former college standout, Eric Dickerson, who was acquired by the Colts in a three-team, 10-player trade involving the Los Angeles Rams and Buffalo Bills.\n\nThe Colts did not return to the playoffs under Meyer, slipping by one game in each of the next three seasons, from 9-7 in 1988, to 8–8 in 1989 and 7–9 in 1990, despite the selection of quarterback Jeff George with the first overall pick in the 1990 draft. He was widely criticized in trading up in the draft to obtain George, which included sending star players, receiver Andre Rison, lineman Chris Hinton, and the Colts' first round pick in 1991 to the Atlanta Falcons. George's short-lived stint in Indianapolis did not make matters better. In 1991, when the Colts started off 0–5, he was let go.\n\nThe year after his dismissal from Indianapolis, Meyer became an analyst for CNN's Pro Football show. He would remain in that role for two seasons.\n\nIn 1994, Meyer returned to coaching again. This time Meyer became the head coach of the Canadian Football League's Las Vegas Posse franchise. The Posse finished the season 5–13. In addition to the poor record, the team suffered from poor attendance and eventually was caught in an ownership debacle. Meyer was to be fired if the team's proposed move to Mississippi went through, but when it did not, and the Posse's roster was dispersed, the franchise's next potential owners in Miami (see: Miami Manatees (CFL)) had planned on retaining Meyer as coach, but the team folded before playing a single game. Meyer would return to his role at CNN in 1995.\n\nIn 2001, Meyer returned to coaching, this time as part of the XFL's Chicago Enforcers franchise. The team would finish 5–5 and would lose to the eventual champion, the Los Angeles Xtreme, in the league semifinals. After the season, the XFL folded.\n\nIn his later years, he was an NFL analyst for the show The Score on the NFL on the Canadian sports channel The Score.\n\nMeyer died on December 5, 2017, at age 76 from an aortic aneurysm while playing golf with friends in Lakeway, Texas.\n\nHead coaching record\n\nCollege\n\nNFL\n\nCFL\n\nXFL\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1941 births\n2017 deaths\nAmerican football defensive backs\nAmerican football quarterbacks\nIndianapolis Colts coaches\nChicago Enforcers coaches\nDallas Cowboys scouts\nDeaths from aortic aneurysm\nNew England Patriots coaches\nNew England Patriots head coaches\nPlayers of American football from Columbus, Ohio\nPurdue Boilermakers football coaches\nPurdue Boilermakers football players\nPurdue University alumni\nSMU Mustangs football coaches\nSportspeople from Columbus, Ohio\nUNLV Rebels football coaches" ]

[ "Kyle Sandilands", "Network Ten firing", "Why was he fired from network ten?", "Idol, citing the network's view that the Kyle and Jackie O Show's content was incompatible with the family-oriented image of Idol.", "When was he fired?", "3 August 2009,", "Where did he go after being fired?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Wu-Tang Clan", "Foundation and name" ]

[ "The Wu-Tang Clan is a New York City–based hip-hop musical group, consisting of nine American rappers: RZA, GZA, Raekwon, U-God, Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck, Method Man, Masta Killa, and the late Ol' Dirty Bastard.\n\nOne of the most critically and commercially successful hip hop groups of all time, Wu-Tang Clan rose to fame with their uncompromising brand of hardcore rap music. Since their debut, they have introduced or launched the careers of numerous other artists and groups, and already in 1994 there were credited to be over 300 Wu-Tang Clan affiliates, known as the Wu-Tang Killa Bees, consisting of rappers, producers, and record label CEOs. RZA stated that Wu-Tang Clan has sold around 40 million records around the world. That is if you add up the albums from every single MC from the Clan, plus the Wu-Tang itself.\n\nThis videography is a list of Wu-Tang Clan and official Wu-Tang Clan affiliates video related releases, including music videos and DVDs.\n\nVideography\n\nDVD\n\nReferences \n\nVideography\nWu-Tang Clan affiliates\nVideographies of American artists", "Wu-Tang Meets the Indie Culture is an album released October 18, 2005. This album was put together by Dreddy Krueger who has produced Wu-Tang and others. It includes collaborated tracks by Wu-Tang Clan members, Wu-Tang Clan affiliates, and various other underground hip-hop artists such as Cannibal Ox, Aesop Rock, Sean Price, Casual, and MF DOOM. The album has sold 59,133 units.\n\nTrack listing\n\nReferences\n\nHip hop compilation albums\n2005 compilation albums\nWu-Tang Clan albums\nBabygrande Records compilation albums\nAlbums produced by Bronze Nazareth" ]

[ "Wu-Tang Clan", "Foundation and name", "who started wu-tang clan", "The Wu-Tang Clan was assembled in the early 1990s with RZA as the de facto leader and" ]

[ "Selwyn Bougard, now known as El-Divine Amir Bey (born May 23, 1974), better known by his stage name 4th Disciple, is a record producer and audio engineer who was one of the founding members of Killarmy and one of the best-known Wu-Tang-affiliated producers. He is the only member of the Wu Elements to have worked on Wu-Tang Clan's first breakthrough album, as a mixer.\n\nBiography\nAfter being a turntablist on the Wu-Tang Clan's debut album, Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers), 4th Disciple co-produced and helped mix several tracks with the RZA on the first three Wu-Tang solo ventures by various artists, including co-production for \"Sub Crazy\" by Method Man, \"Damage\" by Ol' Dirty Bastard as well as mixing credits for some of Raekwon's Only Built 4 Cuban Linx..., on the tracks \"Criminology,\" \"Guillotine (Swordz),\" \"Spot Rusherz,\" and \"Wu-Gambinos.\" 4th Disciple then produced what was at the time only the second Wu-Tang track ever to lack a RZA production credit, when the Killah Priest solo track \"B.I.B.L.E. (Basic Instructions Before Leaving Earth)\" was included on GZA's Liquid Swords. This led to five 4th Disciple productions appearing on the double album Wu-Tang Forever.\n\nAfter producing 15 of the 17 tracks on Killarmy's debut album, Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars, and contributing significant production to the debut albums of Killah Priest (Heavy Mental) and Sunz of Man (The Last Shall be First), 4th Disciple's beats continued to appear in the solo work of the Clan members, including Inspectah Deck and Method Man. However, more recently, 4th Disciple has been concentrating his production on Killarmy, Sunz of Man, and their immediate affiliates rather than the Clan itself. RZA did, in fact, produce the tracks \"Wake Up\" and \"War Face\" from Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars\n\nDiscography\n\nVideography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n Official 4th Disciple Web Site\n Producerville interviews 4th Disciple 10/12/2007\n\nAmerican hip hop record producers\nPeople from Steubenville, Ohio\nWu-Tang Clan affiliates\n1974 births\nLiving people\nKillarmy members", "Legend of the Wu-Tang is a compilation album by the Wu-Tang Clan, released in 2004. It is notable for including the rare unedited version of \"Protect Ya Neck\", a remix of the song \"Method Man\" with alternate verses, as well as \"Shaolin Worldwide\", \"Sucker M.C.'s\" (a Run D.M.C. cover) and \"Diesel\", three tracks the Wu-Tang produced for soundtracks and compilations. The inside booklet can be unfolded to form a mini-poster of the group.\n\nTrack listing\n\nReferences\n\nWu-Tang Clan albums\nHip hop compilation albums\n2004 greatest hits albums" ]

[ "Wu-Tang Clan", "Foundation and name", "who started wu-tang clan", "The Wu-Tang Clan was assembled in the early 1990s with RZA as the de facto leader and", "what does wu-tang clan stand for", "RZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard adopted the name for the group after the film Shaolin and Wu Tang." ]

[ "This is a list of seasons played by Northamptonshire County Cricket Club in English cricket, from the club's formation to the most recent completed season. It details the club's achievements in major competitions, and the top run-scorers and wicket-takers for each season.\n\nSeasons\n\nKey\n\nDivision shown in bold when it changes due to promotion, relegation or league reorganisation. Top run scorer/wicket taker shown in bold when he was the leading run scorer/wicket taker in the country.\n\nKey to league record:\nDiv - division played in\nP – games played\nW – games won\nL – games lost\nD – games drawn\nNR – games with no result\nAbnd – games abandoned\nPts – points\nPos – final position\n\nKey to rounds:\nPR - preliminary round\nR1 – first round\nR2 – second round, etc.\nQF – quarter-final\nSF – semi-final\nGrp – group stage\nRU - runners-up\nn/a – not applicable\n\nNotes\nA. The National League competition did not start until the 1969 season, and ran until 2010. It was replaced, along with the Friends Provident Trophy, by the group format Clydesdale Bank 40.\nB. The Friends Provident Trophy competition did not start until the 1963 season, and for the 2010 was replaced by a group format named the Clydesdale Bank 40.\nC. The Benson & Hedges Cup competition did not start until the 1972 season, and ran until 2002.\nD. The Twenty20 Cup competition did not start until the 2003 season, and for the 2010 season changed to the FP T20.\nE. In County Championship matches only.\nF. The County Championship was split into two divisions in 2000.\nG. The National League was split into two divisions in 1999.\nH. Owing to the 1999 Cricket World Cup, the Benson & Hedges Cup was replaced by the Benson & Hedges Super Cup, which featured the top eight teams from the 1998 County Championship. Northamptonshire, finishing 15, did not qualify.\n\nReferences\n\nSeasons\nNorthamptonshire-related lists\nSeasons, Northamptonshire County Cricket Club", "The 1965 KFK competitions in Ukraine were part of the 1965 Soviet KFK competitions that were conducted in the Soviet Union. It was the first season of KFK in Ukraine. The winner eventually qualified to the 1966 Soviet Second League.\n\nGroup stage\n\nGroup 1\n\nGroup 2\n\nGroup 3\n\nGroup 4\n\nGroup 5\n\nGroup 6\n\nFinal\n\nNotes:\n\nPromotion\nNone of KFK teams were promoted to the 1966 Ukrainian Class B.\n None\n\nHowever, to the Class B were promoted following teams that did not participate in the KFK competitions:\n FC Torpedo Berdyansk\n FC Azovets Zhdanov\n FC Avanhard Makiivka\n FC Start Dzerzhynsk\n\nReferences\n\nUkrainian Football Amateur League seasons\nKFK" ]

[ "Wu-Tang Clan", "Foundation and name", "who started wu-tang clan", "The Wu-Tang Clan was assembled in the early 1990s with RZA as the de facto leader and", "what does wu-tang clan stand for", "RZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard adopted the name for the group after the film Shaolin and Wu Tang.", "when did the group start", "early 1990s" ]

[ "Associazione Calcio Milan did not manage to repeat their successful previous season (1998–99). They failed to defend the Serie A title, finishing in 3rd place behind champions Lazio and runners-up Juventus, and crashed out of the Champions League following a lackluster performance in the First Group Phase. In fact, Milan ended up last in the group, and did not even qualify for the remainder of the UEFA Cup.\n\nNew signing Andriy Shevchenko played his first season with the Milanese club, and managed to become the Serie A's top scorer in his debut season in Italy, with 24 goals (29 in all competitions), further enhancing his reputation as a fearsome striker. Other signings proven to be successful were Serginho and Gennaro Gattuso, who would stay at the club for years to come and be eventually introduced into the club's hall of fame.\n\nPlayers\n\nSquad information\n\nLeft club during the season\n\nTransfers\n\nWinter\n\nReserves\n\nCompetitions\n\nSupercoppa Italiana\n\nSerie A\n\nLeague table\n\nResults by round\n\nMatches\n\nCoppa Italia\n\nEightfinals\n\nQuarterfinals\n\nUEFA Champions League\n\nGroup stage\n\nStatistics\n\nPlayers statistics\n\n|}\n\nGoalscorers\n Andriy Shevchenko 24\n Oliver Bierhoff 11\n Zvonimir Boban 5\n Leonardo 4\n George Weah 3\n\nReferences\n\nA.C. Milan seasons\nMilan", "The It Factor is an American reality television series which aired for two seasons on the American TV channel Bravo. It followed actors as they attempted to lead successful careers.\n\nThe first season profiled actors in New York City, and the second season did the same in Los Angeles. Notable actors who appeared on the show include Oscar nominee Jeremy Renner, model/actress LisaRaye, Michaela Conlin (who went on to become a regular on the TV series Bones), Katheryn Winnick, and Godfrey (who became a spokesman for 7 Up).\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\n2000s American reality television series\n2002 American television series debuts\n2003 American television series endings\nBravo (American TV network) original programming\nEnglish-language television shows" ]

[ "Wu-Tang Clan", "Foundation and name", "who started wu-tang clan", "The Wu-Tang Clan was assembled in the early 1990s with RZA as the de facto leader and", "what does wu-tang clan stand for", "RZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard adopted the name for the group after the film Shaolin and Wu Tang.", "when did the group start", "early 1990s", "did they become successful", "I don't know." ]

[ "The discography of American rapper Jack Harlow consists of one studio album, six mixtapes, two extended plays, and 31 singles (including 5 as a featured artist). On March 13, 2020, his 23rd birthday, he released his second extended play, Sweet Action. The EP debuted and peaked at number 20 on the Billboard 200. It produced the top-10 single, \"Whats Poppin\", which reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100. On December 11, 2020, Harlow released his debut studio album, Thats What They All Say. The album debuted and peaked at number five on the Billboard 200. It produced the top-40 single, \"Tyler Herro\", which debuted and peaked at number 34 on the Hot 100. \"Whats Poppin\" is also included on the album, as well as the remix, which features DaBaby, Tory Lanez, and Lil Wayne. In 2021, Harlow released a collaboration with Lil Nas X, \"Industry Baby\", which became his first number-one single on the Hot 100. In 2022, he released the single \"Nail Tech\", which debuted and peaked at number 18 on the Hot 100.\n\nStudio albums\n\nMixtapes\n\nExtended plays\n\nSingles\n\nAs lead artist\n\nAs featured artist\n\nOther charted and certified songs\n\nGuest appearances\n\nNotes\n\nReferences \n\nDiscographies of American artists\nHip hop discographies", "WHATS'ON is a professional scheduling software package for broadcasting and media companies, created by the Belgian company MEDIAGENIX. CEO of this company is Fabrice Macquignon (since 2020).\n\nHistory\nThe software was first created for the Vlaamse Televisie Maatschappij in 1992 as a scheduling system for linear TV.\n\nFeatures\nIn 1999 the system was extended to include radio scheduling. Version 20 of the package includes video on demand, video streaming, podcasting and theme channel support. WHATS'ON includes support for revenue share licence agreements and it introduces the first fully embedded workflow engine that will further optimize the data flow between Digital asset management systems, play-out suites and finance systems. It cannot be modified.\n\nMarket\nThe scheduling software is in use by public broadcasters such as Danish radio, beIN Sports, NRK, RTBF, TG4, Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep, Netherlands Public Broadcasting as well as by private broadcasters, including TV 2 (Denmark), TVN (Poland) and a number of stations from the SBS Broadcasting Group.\n\nIn total more than 400 channels in more than 18 countries are managed by WHATS’ON.\n\nWideOrbit distributes WHATS'ON in the USA.\n\nExternal links\nMEDIAGENIX Homepage\nWideOrbit Homepage\n\nReferences\n\nBusiness software" ]

[ "Wu-Tang Clan", "Foundation and name", "who started wu-tang clan", "The Wu-Tang Clan was assembled in the early 1990s with RZA as the de facto leader and", "what does wu-tang clan stand for", "RZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard adopted the name for the group after the film Shaolin and Wu Tang.", "when did the group start", "early 1990s", "did they become successful", "I don't know.", "whats the first album", "I don't know." ]

[ "\"A Praise Chorus\" is a song by American rock band Jimmy Eat World. It was released in 2002 as the fourth single released from the band's fourth album Bleed American, which was later retitled Jimmy Eat World.\n\nSongs \"praised\" by this song\nAfter the second stanza, references to seven songs become the \"praise chorus\" of the title. The first line is sung continuously in the background before the other six are sung over it.\n\nTommy James and the Shondells – \"Crimson and Clover\" – \"Crimson and clover, over and over\", sung continuously in the background.\nMadness – \"Our House\" – \"Our house in the middle of the street.\"\nThe Promise Ring – \"Why Did Ever We Meet\" – \"Why did we ever meet?\"\nBad Company – \"Rock 'n' Roll Fantasy\" – \"[Started] my rock 'n' roll fantasy.\"\nThey Might Be Giants – \"Don't Let's Start\" – \"Don't, don't, don't let's start.\" \nThe Promise Ring – \"All of My Everythings\" – \"Why did we ever part?\"\nMötley Crüe – \"Kickstart My Heart\" – \"Kickstart my rock 'n roll heart.\"\n\nFollowing the recording of the song's demo (which contains none of these songs, but rather a repetition of \"Fast action/Come on, come on, come on/Fast action/So what'cha here for\"), the band felt that it needed some additional work in the chorus section. They sent the recording to The Promise Ring's Davey von Bohlen, a friend of the band, and asked him to \"Sing [us] something that [we] know\". During live performances, Tom Linton sings the repeated \"Crimson and Clover\" line, while Jim Adkins sings the lyrics from the other six songs.\n\nTrack listing\nThe Middle/A Praise Chorus AUS Tour EP\n\"The Middle\"\n\"A Praise Chorus\"\n\"Bleed American\" (live from the 9:30 Club, Washington DC 6/4/02)\n\"Firestarter\" (non-album) (The Prodigy cover)\n\"The Middle\" (acoustic)\n\nPromotional compact disc\n\"A Praise Chorus\"\n\"Authority Song\" (demo version)\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nJimmy Eat World songs\n2001 singles\n2001 songs\nSongs written by Tommy James\nDreamWorks Records singles", "\"Llangollen Market\" is a song from early 19th century Wales. It is known to have been performed at an eisteddfod at Llangollen in 1858.\n\nThe text of the song survives in a manuscript held by the National Museum of Wales, which came into the possession of singer Mary Davies, a co-founder of the Welsh Folk-Song Society.\n\nThe song tells the tale of a young man from the Llangollen area going off to war and leaving behind his broken-hearted girlfriend. Originally written in English, the song has been translated into Welsh and recorded by several artists such as Siân James, Siobhan Owen, Calennig and Siwsann George.\n\nLyrics\nIt’s far beyond the mountains that look so distant here,\nTo fight his country’s battles, last Mayday went my dear;\nAh, well shall I remember with bitter sighs the day,\nWhy, Owen, did you leave me? At home why did I stay?\n\nAh, cruel was my father that did my flight restrain,\nAnd I was cruel-hearted that did at home remain,\nWith you, my love, contented, I’d journey far away;\nWhy, Owen, did you leave me? At home why did I stay?\n\nWhile thinking of my Owen, my eyes with tears do fill,\nAnd then my mother chides me because my wheel stands still,\nBut how can I think of spinning when my Owen’s far away;\nWhy, Owen, did you leave me? At home why did I stay?\n\nTo market at Llangollen each morning do I go,\nBut how to strike a bargain no longer do I know;\nMy father chides at evening, my mother all the day;\nWhy, Owen, did you leave me, at home why did I stay?\n\nOh, would it please kind heaven to shield my love from harm,\nTo clasp him to my bosom would every care disarm,\nBut alas, I fear, 'tis distant - that happy, happy day;\nWhy, Owen, did you leave me, at home why did stay?\n\nReferences\n\nWelsh folk songs" ]

[ "Wu-Tang Clan", "Foundation and name", "who started wu-tang clan", "The Wu-Tang Clan was assembled in the early 1990s with RZA as the de facto leader and", "what does wu-tang clan stand for", "RZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard adopted the name for the group after the film Shaolin and Wu Tang.", "when did the group start", "early 1990s", "did they become successful", "I don't know.", "whats the first album", "I don't know.", "why did the start", "All in Together Now was never signed to a record label." ]

[ "Phir Wahi () is a Hindi song from the soundtrack of Jagga Jasoos. The song is written by Amitabh Bhattacharya, composed by Pritam and sung by Arijit Singh. The song's music video is pictured upon actor Ranbir Kapoor.\n\nMusic video\nThe song's music video focuses upon actor Ranbir Kapoor who searches his missing father.\n\nRelease and reception\nIndian Express in its review wrote-\n\"The song is about relationships that have betrayed or lost with time passing by, but one fine day you just happen to cross through it\".\n\nHindustan Times in their review wrote – \"The song highlights the narrative of Jagga (Ranbir Kapoor) who is on the quest for his father, who seems to have left him forever. Jagga, however, is adamant on finding him\".\n\nIndia Today in their review wrote \"Composed by Pritam and sung by Arijit Singh, Phir Wahi is a song about a son looking back at his carefree time spent with his father as a kid.\n\nCNN-News18 wrote- \"It captures the emotions that the father-son duo share.\n\nTimes of India in its review wrote – \"Phir Wahi shows Ranbir Kapoor's character reminiscing about all the time he has spent with his father, who is now missing. This emotional song is sure to tug at your heartstrings\".\n\nReferences\n\n2010s ballads\n2017 songs\nSongs with lyrics by Amitabh Bhattacharya\nSongs with music by Pritam Chakraborty\nArijit Singh songs", "Los Jairas was a Bolivian folk music group that was active in the 1960s. Their work features the charango, a stringed instrument from Bolivia.\n\nWorld Music wrote that \"In Bolivia innumerable groups have followed the Los Jairas model. Among the more prominent — through tours or recordings — are Los K'jarkas, Savia Andina, Khanata, Los Quipus, Wara, Los Yuras, Grupo Aymara and Paja Brava.\"\n\nLos Jairas formed in 1965 by Edgar 'Yayo' Jofré, who brought the group together to play at Pena Naira.\n\nOne of the early members was Gilbert Favre, founder of the folklore cabaret La Pena Naira in La Paz.\n\nMembers of the band:\nErnesto Cavour - charango\nEdgar Joffré - voice, drums, zampoña (also called sicu)\nJulio Godoy\nGilbert Favre - quena (kena)\n\nFavre was a Swiss jazz player who played the quena with great skill and sensitivity.\n\nOn several of their albums, they featured Alfredo Dominguez, one of the finest Bolivian guitar players who wrote and composed many songs. His appearance on the album Grito de Bolivia was the highlights of Los Jairas' research into neo-folklore.\n\nMichelle Bigenho wrote in Intimate Distance that\n\nGilka Cespedes wrote that Los Jairas\n\nFernando Rios wrote that\n\nWorld Music wrote that\n\nPartial discography\nLos Jairas\nEdgar Joffre - Los Jairas \nGrito de Bolivia- Los Jairas (1967)\nSempre con...Los Jairas (1969)\nEdgar \"Yayo\" Joffre y Los Jairas (1969)\nLa Flute Des Andes (1970)\nLo Mejor de los Jairas (1974)\nLos Jairas en vivo (1976)\nCanto a la viva (1978)\nAl Pueblo de mis Ancestros (1992)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Los Jairas (group website)\n No Hay Revolucion Sin Canciones: Bolivian Nationalism and its Journey to the World Stage\n\nBolivian musical groups\nFolk music groups" ]

[ "Helloween", "Line-up changes (2002-2004)" ]

[ "A pressure-balanced valve provides water at nearly constant temperature to a shower or bathtub, despite pressure fluctuations in either the hot or cold supply lines.\n\nIf, for example, someone flushes a toilet while the shower is in use, the fixture suddenly draws a significant amount of cold water from the common supply line, causing a pressure drop. In the absence of a compensating mechanism, the relatively higher pressure in the hot water supply line will cause the shower temperature to rise just as suddenly, possibly reaching an uncomfortable or even dangerous level. Conversely, if someone opens a hot water faucet elsewhere, the relatively higher pressure in the cold water supply line will cause the shower temperature to drop suddenly. This is described in US patent 3674048.\n\nThe pressure-balanced shower valve compensates for changes in water pressure. It has a diaphragm or piston inside that reacts to relative changes in either hot or cold water pressure to maintain balanced pressure. As water pressure drops on one supply line, the valve reduces the pressure in the other supply line to match. A side effect of this is that the pressure and flow at the shower head or tub spigot will drop twice as much as if only one supply line had been affected, but without a large temperature change. There are ball bearings in the valves to regulate forces.\n\nThe use of pressure-balanced valves can prevent scalding injuries, in particular to the elderly, the infirm, to children and infants. Based on that, some municipalities require by building codes to have it installed.\n\nSee also\nThermostatic mixing valve\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nWhat Is Butterfly Valve? Working Principle & Function\nIndustrial Ball Valve, Gate Valve & Globe Valve\n\nBathing\nPlumbing\nPlumbing valves", "Jellyfish Kiss were an alternative rock band from Leeds, England.\n\nThe band was formed in late 85/early 86 by guitarist Mark and drummer Mark Drew, who recruited other members, Geoff Bell (lead gtr), Barry (bass) and Cosmo Nasty (vox). After some progress on the regional gigging circuit, dissatisfaction within the band forced some personnel changes, Geoff and Barry being replaced by Dave and Nik. They released a début album, Gasoline Junkie in 1989 on the Long Pig label, distributed by What Goes On records. They then signed to Demon Records who issued second album Plank in 1990. They then moved to Kramer's Shimmy Disc label for two further albums, Animal Rites (1990) and Strange Weather (1991), with several line-up changes taking place (the Animal Rites line-up included Greg Seeger on drums and Mick Flanagan on keyboards). Later, John Galvin replaced Nik on bass. Animal Rites was described as \"mind-numbing\" by Factsheet Five, who described it: \"Imagine what would have happened if someone had handed Ravi Shankar an electric guitar instead of a sitar.\" The band recorded a session for John Peel's BBC Radio 1 show in February 1990. The Animal Rites line-up also recorded a track for a compilation album, Knowing Where It All Leeds, with Jess on vocals, as well as a track for the ShimmyDisc Rutles tribute album with a guest secret collaborator from another contemporary Leeds band, and Jonny on vocals. Their Velvets cover I'm Sticking With You, was released on one of the Heaven and Hell Velvet Underground tribute albums. In November 1991 they received a setback when they were attacked on tour and had £5,000 worth of equipment stolen. After an EP in 1992 the band split up.\n\nSinger David Tomlinson went on to form CNN/XC-NN, and later Tin Star, with former All About Eve and Sisters of Mercy guitarist Tim Bricheno.\n\nDiscography\n\nAlbums\nGasoline Junkie (1989), Longpig\nPlank (1990), Demon\nAnimal Rites (1990), Shimmy Disc\nStormy Weather or Strange Weather (1991), Shimmy Disc\n\nEPs\nBig Driving (1992), Longpig\n\nCompilation appearances\nRutles Highway Revisited (A Tribute To The Rutles) (1990), Shimmy Disc: \"Get Up And Go\"\nKnowing Where It All Leeds (1991), Stolen Sounds: \"LA\"\nHeaven & Hell - Volume Three (A Tribute To The Velvet Underground) (1992), Imaginary: \"I'm Sticking With You\"\n\nReferences\n\nEnglish alternative rock groups\nShimmy Disc artists" ]

[ "Helloween", "Line-up changes (2002-2004)", "What were some significant line up changes?", "Immediately following the tour, Helloween parted ways with guitarist Roland Grapow and drummer Uli Kusch." ]

[ "The Lyzohub Government was the first official government of Ukrainian State that was confirmed on 4 May 1918 after Pavlo Skoropadsky managed to oust the previous socialist government led by Vsevolod Holubovych and dissolve the Central Council of Ukraine. Most of its candidates were already pre-selected by Mykola Vasylenko who took the portfolio of Minister of National Education. \n\nOn October 5, 1918 the opposition represented by the Ukrainian National Union and led by Volodymyr Vynnychenko demanded almost half of government portfolios, but managed to convince the Hetman of Ukraine Pavlo Skoropadsky to include five of its own ministers. On October 24 that petition was approved. The same day several dismissed ministers wrote the \"Statement of niners\" where they urged the government to sign federalization agreement with Russia.\n\nOriginal composition\n\nChanges\nDuring summer\n Yuriy Sokolovsky was replaced with Sergei Gerbel as the Minister of Food\n Mykhailo Chubynsky was replaced with A.Romanov as the Minister of Justice\n Fedir Lyzohub was relieved from being acting as the Minister of Internal Affairs which was passed to Ihor Kistiakovsky\n S.Zavadsky became the State secretary\n\nOctober 24, UNU coalition\n Ihor Kistiakovsky was replaced with acting Viktor Reinbot\n Vasiliy Zienkowski was replaced with Oleksandr Lototsky\n Mykola Vasylenko was replaced with Petro Stebnytsky\n Vasiliy Kolokoltsov was replaced with Volodymyr Leontovych\n A.Romanov was replaced with Andriy Vyazlov\n Yuliy Wagner was replaced with Maksym Slavinsky\n Sergei Hutnik was replaced with Sergei Mering\n Yuriy Afanasiev was replaced with S.Petrov\n\nCoalition / opposition\n Pro-Russian: Vasylenko, Rzepecki, Grebel, Hutnik, Romanov, Zienkowski, Kokoltsev, Wagner, Afanasiev, Zavadsky\nUnion with the Triple Entente, plebiscite for the union with Russia\n Pro-Ukrainian: Kistiakovsky, Lyubynsky, Doroshenko, Butenko, Rohoza\n Denouncing of the Brest-Litovsk treaty, complete independence\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Hetman government at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine\n\nUkrainian governments\n1918 establishments in Ukraine\n1918 disestablishments in Ukraine\nCabinets established in 1918\nCabinets disestablished in 1918", "The 2012–13 Welsh Alliance League, known as the Lock Stock Welsh Alliance League for sponsorship reasons, is the 29th season of the Welsh Alliance League, which consists of two divisions: the third and fourth levels of the Welsh football pyramid.\n\nThere are fifteen teams in Division 1 and thirteen teams in Division 2, with the champions of Division 1 promoted to the Cymru Alliance and the bottom team relegated to Division 2. In Division 2, the champions, and runners-up are promoted to Division 1.\n\nThe season began on 10 August 2012 and concluded on 11 May 2013 with Caernarfon Town as Division 1 champions and Llangefni Town relegated to Division 2. In Division 2, Llandyrnog United were champions with Llanfairpwll as runners-up.\n\nDivision 1\n\nTeams \nHolyhead Hotspur were champions in the previous season and were promoted to the Cymru Alliance. They were replaced by Llangefni Town who were relegated from the Cymru Alliance.\n\nLlanfairpwll and Caernarfon Wanderers were relegated and replaced by Division 2 champions, Glantraeth and runners-up, Llanberis, who were promoted to Division 1.\n\nGrounds and locations\n\nLeague table\n\nResults\n\nDivision 2\n\nTeams \nGlantraeth were champions in the previous season and were promoted to Division 1 along with runners-up, Llanberis. They were replaced by Gwynedd League champions, Penrhyndeudraeth and Vale of Clwyd and Conwy Football League runners-up, Meliden who were promoted to Division 2.\n\nGrounds and locations\n\nLeague table\n\nResults\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Welsh Alliance League\n\nWelsh Alliance League seasons\n3\nWales" ]

[ "Helloween", "Line-up changes (2002-2004)", "What were some significant line up changes?", "Immediately following the tour, Helloween parted ways with guitarist Roland Grapow and drummer Uli Kusch.", "Who were they replaced with?", "guitarist Sascha Gerstner (ex-Freedom Call, Neumond) and drummer Mark Cross (ex-Metalium, Kingdom Come, At Vance, Firewind)," ]

[ "Tension was a Christian straight-edge hardcore punk band that formed in 1993.\n\nHistory\nIn 1993, Vocalist Mikey Hurley formed Tension, as a side project of his band Endure. Hurley hired Joe Keit of the Murrychesstoes on guitars and Chris Michaelis on drums. Soon thereafter, Nick Dominguez of Endure joined the band on bass guitar, which completed the first official lineup. Shortly after the band's first phone call together, the band demoed out six songs and recorded them two weeks later in studio. The songs became Tension's first release, In Our Time, which came out shortly after being recorded.\n\nIn 1993, Dominguez left the band to join Strongarm and was replaced by Ray Rodriguez. The band released The Sickness of our Age EP in 1994, which is considered to be their best release. Michaelis left the band shortly thereafter, being replaced by Eric Leon, which was when the band reached its peak. In 1995, the band went on tour with Uplipht and Strongarm, and played around 25-30 shows. Tension was then asked to partake in a 4-way split 7\" with Culture, Roosevelt and After All on Intention Records but the release fell through.\n\nLeon was soon thereafter asked to leave for reason unmentionable, and was replaced by Mike McDermit. He performed on the band's debut album, Agent of the People. Tension signed to Uprising Records and released Agent of the People and re-released Sickness of our Age.\n\nTension is looked at as classic or legendary in the Florida hardcore scene. The band also had various connections with several other well-known Florida bands, such as New Found Glory, Endure, Strongarm, Shai Hulud, and Further Seems Forever.\n\nThe band had several short term members, which included Matt Fox (Shai Hulud), Chad Gilbert (New Found Glory), Ray Souza (LOAD), Kenny Fontaine (Kenny Steel), and John Wylie (Where Fear and Weapons Meet). The band played shows with Earth Crisis, Hatebreed, Strife, Shelter, and Marilyn Manson.\n\nIn 2017, Mikey Hurley, the band's original member, died on July 18 at the age of 45. It was reported that he committed suicide. His death was mourned by his bandmates and his friends.\n\nMembers\n\nDiscography\n\nReferences\n\nChristian hardcore musical groups\nChristian rock groups from Florida\nMusical groups established in 1993\nMusical groups disestablished in 1997", "Liquid Tension Experiment 3 is the third studio album by the American instrumental progressive metal super group Liquid Tension Experiment. Released on April 16, 2021, it is their first studio effort since 1999's Liquid Tension Experiment 2.\n\nThe regular edition of the album contains eight tracks, including two duets, one \"on-the-fly jam\" and one \"meticulously arranged cover\"; the bonus disc comes with almost one hour of improvisations. It was released in digital, CD, LP and Blu-ray formats, including a limited 2CD+Blu-ray artbook edition and a limited deluxe hot pink box set.\n\nA video for the song \"The Passage of Time\", their first composition in 22 years, was released on January 22, 2021 This was followed up by a video for \"Beating the Odds\" on February 26, 2021, and then by a video for \"Hypersonic\" on March 24, 2021.\n\nBackground and writing \nOn December 14, 2020, band members Tony Levin (bass), John Petrucci (guitars), Jordan Rudess (keyboards) and Mike Portnoy (drums) released a series of posts on social media (pictures of themselves wearing surgical masks spelling out \"LTE 3\") teasing a third Liquid Tension Experiment album; a picture of the four of them together with the same masks was posted the following day. On December 17, 2020, it was formally announced that Liquid Tension Experiment 3 would be released by Inside Out Music in the second quarter of 2021. The date, later announced to be March 26, has since been delayed to April 16, 2021, due to printing errors by the manufacturer.\n\nThe album had been recorded secretly in August 2020, at the Dream Theater studio named DTHQ. Portnoy had previously recorded drums for Petrucci's solo album Terminal Velocity at the studio, their first release together since 2009's Black Clouds & Silver Linings (with Dream Theater); the band would re-use the studio for the LTE sessions. Portnoy and Rudess also had performed together during a Cruise to the Edge a few years before. The drummer said that the \"insanity of 2020\" allowed them some time to reunite.\n\nAlso according to Portnoy, all members plus two studio professionals quarantined and took tests before the album's sessions.\n\nLike Liquid Tension Experiment 2, each song is described by the band in detail within the liner notes.\n\nThe track \"Chris & Kevin's Amazing Odyssey\" is a follow-up to \"Chris and Kevin's Excellent Adventure\" (from Liquid Tension Experiment) and \"Chris & Kevin's Bogus Journey\" (from Spontaneous Combustion); Chris and Kevin is how a photographer mistakenly called Mike and Tony during photo sessions for the first album, and that has since remained a recurring internal joke and is used to title duets between the drummer and the bassist. It is a drum-and-bass duet featuring Levin on the electric upright bass.\n\n\"Rhapsody in Blue\", composed by George Gershwin, was arranged and performed by the band during their 2008 tour; the band would record a studio version of the arrangement for the album. The middle section of the band's 2008 arrangement was inspiration for the middle section of \"The Count of Tuscany\" off Black Clouds & Silver Linings; also, the standard clarinet introduction was played by Levin on the Chapman Stick.\n\nTrack listing\nAll music is written and arranged by Liquid Tension Experiment (Tony Levin, John Petrucci, Mike Portnoy, and Jordan Rudess); except for \"Rhapsody in Blue\" written by George Gershwin, arrangement by Liquid Tension Experiment.\n\nPersonnel\nAll credits sourced from liner notes.\n\nBand\nJohn Petrucci – guitars, production\nTony Levin – Chapman Stick, bass guitar, electric upright bass, production, photography\nJordan Rudess – keyboards, production\nMike Portnoy – drums, percussion, production\n\nAdditional personnel\nRich Mouser – mixing, mastering\nJames \"Jimmy T\" Meslin – recording\nBouchra Azizy – additional digital editing\nMatthew \"Maddi\" Schieferstein – band and studio coordinator\nSean M. Smith / Echodesignlab – design\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2021 albums\nLiquid Tension Experiment albums\nInside Out Music albums" ]

[ "Helloween", "Line-up changes (2002-2004)", "What were some significant line up changes?", "Immediately following the tour, Helloween parted ways with guitarist Roland Grapow and drummer Uli Kusch.", "Who were they replaced with?", "guitarist Sascha Gerstner (ex-Freedom Call, Neumond) and drummer Mark Cross (ex-Metalium, Kingdom Come, At Vance, Firewind),", "Was there tension between the members of the band?", "Weikath, Deris, and Grosskopf felt that Kusch and Grapow, in particular, were spending more time on and paying more attention to their new side-project, Masterplan" ]

[ "Edward Aguilera (born December 17, 1976 in Spain) is a Spanish singer.\n\nSinging career \nAguilera became the only European in Menudo in 1991. Edgardo Diaz had plans to internationalize the band's line-up at the time, as all Menudos from past eras had been Puerto Ricans. When Aguilera joined, he became a bandmate of Menudo's first non-Puerto Rican member, Mexico's Adrian Olivares. Jonathan Montenegro, a Venezuelan who was the first South American Menudo, also became a member of the group at the time that Aguilera joined. For a small period, Aguilera became a teen idol in Puerto Rico.\n\nAguilera, Montenegro and two other band members left the group after a problematic 1991 year that saw Menudo members Sergio Blass and Ruben Gomez get arrested upon arrival at Miami International Airport while allegedly transporting drugs and the band be almost broken by a scandal in which Ralphy Rodriguez and his father accused Edgardo Diaz and Joselo (Menudo's choreographer), among others, of sexual abuse. The charges against Diaz and Joselo were never proven and Olivares was the only member not to leave the band.\n\nThe comparatively massive leaving of Menudo members at the time opened spaces for Abel Talamantez, Cuban American Ashley Ruiz, Puerto-Rican Andy Blazquez and Dominican Alexis Grullon, among others, to join the group.\n\nEdward Aguilera left the group without recording any CDs with them.\n\nAfter Menudo \nEdward Aguilera's singing career fizzled after he left Menudo. At this time he is reported to be finishing a degree in Architecture.\n\nSee also \n List of Spaniards\n\nExternal links \n \n \n\n1976 births\nLiving people\nMenudo (band) members\nSpanish male singers", "Recorded live at the Warfield Theater in San Francisco, California on May 31, 2003, this video features the Trey Anastasio Band (TAB) with Carlos Santana sitting in for a number of covers and Anastasio originals. It was released under the name Live at the Warfield. It features the entire second set of the show, with Santana sitting in on every song. Each of the four songs in the second set segued into one another. In addition, a bonus track, \"The Way I Feel\", was taken from the first set of the show and also includes Santana sitting in. Santana also sat in for the song \"Last Tube\" during the first set, but that was not included on the DVD.\n\nHighlights include a 27-minute \"Mr. Completely\" and an experimental version of Duke Ellington's \"Caravan.\" Trey's main band, Phish, covered Caravan frequently between 1990 and 1996, after which time it was dropped from their repertoire. This was the first time that TAB had covered Caravan.\n\nAll proceeds from the sale of the DVDs of this show were distributed to the Waterwheel Foundation and the Milagro Foundation.\n\nThis show was part of the brief tour TAB did in between Phish's winter and summer tours in 2003. Other guests during this tour included Mike Gordon and Warren Hayes. This show was also one of the few times during this tour that Trey did not perform any solo acoustic songs. For the encore, TAB played \"Root Down\" by the Beastie Boys for the first time. Santana did not sit in for the song.\n\nIn the summer of 1992, Phish was the opening act for Santana and the two often collaborated. In July 1996, Phish was booked as the opening act for Santana for three shows in Europe. Phish's opening set was rained out during the first of these shows, however Phish joined Santana for part of his headlining set later that night. Phish would also come on stage during Santana's set during the subsequent two shows, along with playing their own opening sets. Trey and Phish keyboardist Page Mcconnell sat in with Santana's band in April 1999 in San Francisco. The next time any member of Phish and Santana collaborated was at the TAB show at the Warfield in 2003. This is also the last time they have collaborated.\n\nTrack listing\n Mr. Completely> - 27:00\n John The Revelator> - 8:22\n Night Speaks To A Woman> - 12:33\n Caravan - 4:43\n The Way I Feel - 3:02\n\nReferences \n\n2003 live albums\nTrey Anastasio albums\n2003 video albums\nCollaborative albums\nLive video albums\nSantana (band) live albums" ]

[ "Helloween", "Line-up changes (2002-2004)", "What were some significant line up changes?", "Immediately following the tour, Helloween parted ways with guitarist Roland Grapow and drummer Uli Kusch.", "Who were they replaced with?", "guitarist Sascha Gerstner (ex-Freedom Call, Neumond) and drummer Mark Cross (ex-Metalium, Kingdom Come, At Vance, Firewind),", "Was there tension between the members of the band?", "Weikath, Deris, and Grosskopf felt that Kusch and Grapow, in particular, were spending more time on and paying more attention to their new side-project, Masterplan", "Did any other band member leave during this time?", "Cross could not finish the album due to mononucleosis, completing only two tracks; the drum tracks were completed by Motorhead's Mikkey Dee." ]

[ "\"Roll On\" is a song by British girl group Mis-Teeq. Produced by Blacksmith, it was recorded for the band's debut album, Lickin' on Both Sides (2001). The song was released on a double A-single along with a cover version of Montell Jordan's \"This Is How We Do It\" on 17 June 2002, marking the album's final single. Upon its release, it became another top-10 success for the band on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number seven.\n\nMusic video\nInstead of filming two separate music videos for the double A-side single, one music video was filmed combining both songs. The video opens with \"Roll On\", starting with a group of men playing basketball in a court. The three members of Mis-Teeq (Alesha Dixon, Su-Elise Nash and Sabrina Washington) arrive in a lowrider and watch the men play basketball, and occasionally join in. Then it changes to dusk and cuts to the single \"This Is How We Do It\". The music video was filmed in various parts of Los Angeles, California in the US.\n\nTrack listings\n\nUK CD single\n \"Roll On\" (Rishi Rich BhangraHop edit)\n \"This Is How We Do It\" (Rishi Rich Mayfair edit)\n \"Roll On\" / \"This Is How We Do It\" (video)\n\nUK cassette single\n \"Roll On\" (Rishi Rich BhangraHop edit)\n \"This Is How We Do It\" (Rishi Rich Mayfair edit)\n \"Roll On\" (Rishi Rich radio mix)\n\nEuropean CD single\n \"Roll On\" (Rishi Rich BhangraHop edit) – 3:45\n \"This Is How We Do It\" (Rishi Rich Mayfair edit) – 3:27\n\nAustralian CD single\n \"Roll On\" (Rishi Rich radio mix)\n \"This Is How We Do It\" (Rishi Rich Mayfair edit)\n \"Roll On\" (Blacksmith Olde Skool mix)\n \"This Is How We Do It\" (Mayfair club rub)\n \"Roll On\" (Rishi Rich club mix)\n\nCharts\nAll entries charted with \"This Is How We Do It\" except where noted.\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nReferences\n\n2001 songs\n2002 singles\nMis-Teeq songs\nTelstar Records singles", "\"How Do You Do It?\" was the debut single by Liverpudlian band Gerry and the Pacemakers. It was written by Mitch Murray. The song reached number one in the UK Singles Chart on 11 April 1963, where it stayed for three weeks.\n\nHistory\nThe song was written by Mitch Murray, who offered it to Adam Faith and Brian Poole but was turned down. George Martin of EMI, feeling the song had enormous hit potential, decided to pick it up for the new group he was producing, the Beatles, as the A-side of their first single. The Beatles recorded the song on 4 September 1962 with Ringo Starr on drums. The group was initially opposed to recording it, feeling that it did not fit their sound, but worked out changes from Murray's demo-disc version. These included a new introduction, vocal harmony, an instrumental interlude, small lyric changes and removal of the half-step modulation for the last verse. Although Murray disliked their changes, the decision not to release the Beatles' version was primarily a business one. In fact, George Martin came very close to issuing \"How Do You Do It?\" as the Beatles' first single before settling instead on \"Love Me Do\", recorded during the same sessions. Martin commented later: \"I looked very hard at 'How Do You Do It?', but in the end I went with 'Love Me Do', it was quite a good record.\" McCartney would remark: \"We knew that the peer pressure back in Liverpool would not allow us to do 'How Do You Do It'.\"\n\nThe Beatles' version of \"How Do You Do It?\" was officially unissued for over 30 years, finally seeing release in November 1995 on the retrospective Anthology 1.\n\nWhile the Beatles' recording remained in the vaults, Martin still had faith in the song's appeal. Consequently, he had another new client, Gerry and the Pacemakers, record \"How Do You Do It?\" as their debut single in early 1963. This version of \"How Do You Do It?\", also produced by Martin, became a number-one hit in the UK until it was replaced by \"From Me to You\" (the Beatles' third single). It was the title song of a 7-inch EP that also featured \"Away From You\", \"I Like It\" and \"It's Happened to Me\" (Columbia SEG8257, released July 1963).\n\nChart performance\nGerry and the Pacemakers' version of \"How Do You Do It?\" was initially issued in the US and Canada in the spring of 1963, but made no impact on the charts. After the group had issued several chart singles in North America, the track was reissued in the summer of 1964. \"How Do You Do It?\" entered the US charts on 5 July 1964, eventually reaching number nine; it did even better in Canada, peaking at number six. Billboard described the song as a \"top-rated teen ballad\" with a \"great beat for dancing.\" Cash Box described it as a \"bright jumper...that's sure to get chart action right off the bat\" and also as \"a charming, teen-angled stomp-atwist’er...that the outfit knocks out in very commercial solo vocal and combo instrumental manner.\"\n\nIn their native UK, the single reached number one in the charts, staying there for three weeks in total.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nGerry Marsden fan site\nClassic Bands history page\n\n1963 songs\n1963 debut singles\nSongs written by Mitch Murray\nGerry and the Pacemakers songs\nThe Beatles songs\nDick and Dee Dee songs\nSong recordings produced by George Martin\nUK Singles Chart number-one singles\nColumbia Graphophone Company singles" ]

[ "Helloween", "Line-up changes (2002-2004)", "What were some significant line up changes?", "Immediately following the tour, Helloween parted ways with guitarist Roland Grapow and drummer Uli Kusch.", "Who were they replaced with?", "guitarist Sascha Gerstner (ex-Freedom Call, Neumond) and drummer Mark Cross (ex-Metalium, Kingdom Come, At Vance, Firewind),", "Was there tension between the members of the band?", "Weikath, Deris, and Grosskopf felt that Kusch and Grapow, in particular, were spending more time on and paying more attention to their new side-project, Masterplan", "Did any other band member leave during this time?", "Cross could not finish the album due to mononucleosis, completing only two tracks; the drum tracks were completed by Motorhead's Mikkey Dee.", "How did the band do with changes?", "So we got him on the island where we recorded and let him hang out with us a little and then he decided 'Good, let's go'.\"" ]

[ "Budapest indie music scene was the indie music scene of Budapest, Hungary in the 2000s. It was often associated with bands like Amber Smith, The Moog, EZ Basic and We Are Rockstars.\n\nHistory\n\nBeginnings\n\nThe early 2000s was the revival of the indie music scene all over the world, which affected Hungary as well. One of the earliest Hungarian band playing indie rock were The Puzzle from Kaposvár. They were the first band whose record, entitled Dream Your Life, was released by an international label, PolyGram in 2000.\n\nSuccesses\n\nOn 10 March 2006, Amber Smith's third studio album, RePRINT, was released by the German Kalinkaland Records. The album included the song Hello Sun which brought the band international recognition.\n\nOn 10 April 2007, The Moog's first full-length studio album Sold for Tomorrow was released by the American label MuSick. The song I Like You brought international success for the band.\n\nOn 18 February 2008, Amber Smith's fourth studio album was released entitled Introspective. The album included songs like Introspective, Select All/Delete All, and Coded.\n\nOn 21 July 2009, The Moog's second studio album was released entitled Razzmatazz Orfeum. The first single, You Raised A Vampire, was released in colored vinyl 7\" with stunning artwork by Gris Grimly. The 7\" also includes a B-side cover of the Bauhaus classic The Passion Of Lovers featuring Bauhaus/Love and Rockets bassist/vocalist David J, who became a fan of the band after seeing them perform in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California in 2008. The video for You Raised A Vampire was shot in the same gothic building where the first Underworld movie was made in Budapest, Hungary where.\n\nThe 2010s saw the emergence of new indie bands such as Carbovaris and Bastiaan, which is the side-project of The Moog singer Tamás Szabó.\n\nDecline\nThe decline of the Hungarian indie started in the 2010s, although the most notable bands such as Amber Smith, The Moog and EZ Basic did not disband. From the 2010s two new bands, Carbovaris and Fran Palermo, started to take over the Hungarian indie scene, however, with moderate success. These bands did not attract such a big audience as Amber Smith or The Moog could in the mid 2000s. The decline can also be attributed to the fact that Imre Poniklo started several projects in the 2010s, such as The Poster Boy, SALT III., and Krapulax & Bellepomme. Therefore, one of the most important bands did not play at concerts which lower their popularity. In addition, the Indie rock genre also experienced a decline all over the world which obviously affected the Hungarian indie scene.\n\nOn 10 April 2012 The Moog released their third studio album entitled Seasons in the Underground produced by Ken Scott followed by US tour with bands like B-52s and David Lane. The Moog concentrated on their US carrier with moderate success. \n\nOn 21 April 2012 Amber Smith released their fifth studio album entitled Amber Smith. Although Poniklo claimed that this record is one of the best ones among the previous releases, the band did not achieve those sorts of successes as with the previous records.\n\nNotable bands and artists\n\nTrivia \nEven if the indie band Hungry Kids of Hungary suggest close relation to Hungary, they are Australians from Brisbane, Queensland,\n\nSee also \nHungarian music (disambiguation)\nHungarian pop\nHungarian rock\n\nReferences \n\nIndie\nIndie music\nMusic scenes\nHungarian rock music", "Ford Theatre was an American psychedelic rock band from Boston, Massachusetts, that were active between 1966 and 1971. Their sound was similar to other Boston-based psychedelic rock bands of the era, but more genuine.\n\nHistory\n\nThe band formed from the members of The Continentals (Jimmy Altieri, John Mazzarelli, Robert Tamagni, and Butch Webster), who then recruited Harry Palmer and Joe Scott. Although they existed during the period, the group disassociates itself with the Bosstown Sound.\n\nFord Theatre was one of the most promising bands of the 1960s that were influenced by the bands such as the Kingsmen, the Beatles and the Byrds, although they recorded only two albums, both under the ABC Records label. The band's first album Trilogy for the Masses was produced by Bob Thiele in 1968. The album's band tracks were done at Fleetwood Studios in Revere, Massachusetts, and the vocals were at Capitol Studios in New York City. And a year later their second album Time Changes was produced by Bill Szymczyk who later went on to produce the Eagles. The second album was done at the Hit Factory in New York City.\n\nAfter 1969, the band disappeared from records and their memory was overshadowed by the more successful bands of the 1970s. In a recent interview Jimmy Altieri stated that after the release of Time Changes, the band didn't manage to get a new deal for a third album that was already partially recorded and the members decided to disband Ford Theatre in 1971.\n\nBand members\n Harry Palmer - guitar\n John Mazzarelli - keyboards, vocals\n Butch Webster - lead guitar\n Joey Scott - lead vocals\n Jimmy Altieri - bass, vocals\n Robert Tamagni drums, vocals\n Wally Magee\n\nDiscography\n\nSingles \n \"From a Back Door Window\" b/w \"Theme for the Masses\" (ABC 11118) 1968\n \"I've Got the Fever\" b/w \"Jefferson Airplane\" (ABC 11227) 1969\n \"Time Changes\" b/w \"Wake Up in the Morning\" (Columbia(EMI) 1C006-90288) 1969\n \"At the Station\" b/w \"Wake Up in the Morning\" (Stateside 5C 006-90 589) 1969\n\nAlbums \n Trilogy for the Masses (ABC ABCS-658) 1968\n Time Changes (ABC ABCS 681) 1969\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \"Exciting sound of Ford Theater\". Beaver County Times. August 27, 1968.\n Ford Theatre in R. Stevie Moore HomePage\n\nMusical groups established in 1966\nMusical groups disestablished in 1971\nAmerican progressive rock groups\nPsychedelic rock music groups from Massachusetts" ]

[ "Helloween", "Line-up changes (2002-2004)", "What were some significant line up changes?", "Immediately following the tour, Helloween parted ways with guitarist Roland Grapow and drummer Uli Kusch.", "Who were they replaced with?", "guitarist Sascha Gerstner (ex-Freedom Call, Neumond) and drummer Mark Cross (ex-Metalium, Kingdom Come, At Vance, Firewind),", "Was there tension between the members of the band?", "Weikath, Deris, and Grosskopf felt that Kusch and Grapow, in particular, were spending more time on and paying more attention to their new side-project, Masterplan", "Did any other band member leave during this time?", "Cross could not finish the album due to mononucleosis, completing only two tracks; the drum tracks were completed by Motorhead's Mikkey Dee.", "How did the band do with changes?", "So we got him on the island where we recorded and let him hang out with us a little and then he decided 'Good, let's go'.\"", "Was the bands music affected by the changes?", "Despite a somewhat tepid response to the album, Helloween nonetheless completed a successful world tour, highlighted by the return of classic songs" ]

[ "The Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (OIPFG; ), simply known as Fadaiyan-e-Khalq () was an underground Marxist–Leninist guerrilla organization in Iran.\n\nIdeology \nIdeologically, the group pursued an Anti-imperialist agenda and embraced armed propaganda to justify its revolutionary armed struggle against Iran's monarchy system, and believed in Materialism. They rejected reformism, and were inspired by thoughts of Mao Zedong, Che Guevara, and Régis Debray.\n\nThey criticized the National Front and the Liberation Movement as \"Petite bourgeoisie paper organizations still preaching the false hope of peaceful change\". Fedai Guerrillas initially criticized the Soviet Union and the Tudeh Party as well, however they later abandoned the stance as a result of cooperation with the socialist camp.\n\nBijan Jazani, known as the \"intellectual father\" of the organization, contributed to its ideology by writing a series of pamphlets such as \"Struggle against the Shah's Dictatorship\", \"What a Revolutionary Must Know\" and \"How the Armed Struggle Will Be Transformed into a Mass Struggle?\". The pamphlets were followed by Masoud Ahmadzadeh's treatise \"Armed Struggle: Both a Strategy and a Tactic\" and \"The Necessity of Armed Struggle and the Rejection of the Theory of Survival\" by Amir Parviz Pouyan.\n\nElectoral history\n\nLeadership \nThe group was governed by collective leadership. Before the Iranian Revolution, its six-members leadership did not use the term 'central committee'.\n\nSee also\nGuerrilla groups of Iran\n\nReferences\n\nDefunct communist militant groups\nDefunct communist parties in Iran\nGuerrilla organizations\nPolitical parties of the Iranian Revolution\nMilitant opposition to the Pahlavi dynasty\nBanned communist parties\nBanned political parties in Iran\nMilitant opposition to the Islamic Republic of Iran\nFar-left political parties\nMarxist organizations\nLeft-wing militant groups in Iran\nParamilitary organisations based in Iran", "Chandra Rajeshwara Rao (June 6, 1914 – April 9, 1994) was an Indian communist politician. He was one of the leaders of the Telangana Rebellion (1946–1951). He also worked as Communist Party of India (CPI) general secretary for 28 years before giving up the post in 1992 due to health reasons.\n\nLife\nRao came from an affluent peasant family. He was born on June 6, 1914 in Mangalapuram village, Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh State, India. He received his medical education at Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi and at a medical college in Vishakhapatnam. He joined the Communist Party of India (CPI) in 1931. Rao was vice-chairman of the All-India Kisan Sabha (Peasants’ League) in 1954 and 1955. In December 1964 he was elected general secretary of the National Council of the CPI. He was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1974.\n\nHis son, Chandra Chandrasekhar, and grandson, Chandra Jaideep are involved in politics in Andhra Pradesh.\n\nIn Telangana armed struggle\nCrisis was developing to a pitch in the state of Hyderabad in 1946. The Nizam refused to part with even slightest democratic rights. In such situation, Andhra Mahasabha and CPI decided to resort to armed struggle as the people had no other option. The CPI leadership under PC Joshi gave the green signal for armed struggle against Nizam’s rule, aiming to overthrow it.\nThe struggle lasted from 1946 to 1948. In the meantime India achieved independence, and it was a Communist who hoisted the Tricolour in Hyderabad city. But the Nizam refused to join India. Negotiations with Indian government were on for its merger with the country.\nIn the meantime, in the second congress of CPI in February 1948 in Calcutta, a left sectarian and adventurist leadership came to lead CPI giving a call for the overthrow of Nehru government, and also removed PC Joshi. It was in this congress that BT Ranadive became the general secretary of the party.\nHe at this time was one of the major leaders of the armed struggle in Telangana. Though he and others from Andhra did not agree with everything BTR said, he went along with the line of armed struggle. He was elected to the central committee in 1948 as a new member, but contrary to common impression, not to the politburo. There was a difference between the so called ‘Russian line’ and the ‘Chinese line’ in the debates, but both came together on the question of armed struggle.\nBy then, Indian forces had entered Hyderabad state on September 13, 1948, overthrowing the Nizam, and merging the state with India. Certain concessions were also given to peasants. Thus, the main aims of the armed struggle were fulfilled. The struggle should have been withdrawn at this point. But the central leadership thought otherwise.\nBy 1950, the disastrous results of the ‘line’ were clear to everybody. A Central Committee meeting held in Calcutta in June 1950 replaced the BTR leadership and elected C Rajeswara Rao as the general secretary of the party. He was the main author of the new ‘Andhra line’.\nBut it did not solve the crisis and soon it was realized that this line too was wrong. Accordingly, a four member CPI delegation went to Soviet Union to meet Stalin and discuss strategy and tactics. It included CR; the other members were SA Dange, Basavpunnaiah and Ajoy Ghosh. On return, drafts of Party program and policy statement were published in April 1951. A special underground party conference in Calcutta in 1951 elected a new leadership with Ajoy Ghosh as the general secretary.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Chandra Rajeswara Rao Foundation Kondapur Hyderabad\n 60th Anniversary Telangana Rebellion\n\nTelangana Rebellion\nPeople from Nalgonda\nCommunist Party of India politicians from Andhra Pradesh\n1914 births\n1994 deaths\nIndian independence activists" ]

[ "Helloween", "Line-up changes (2002-2004)", "What were some significant line up changes?", "Immediately following the tour, Helloween parted ways with guitarist Roland Grapow and drummer Uli Kusch.", "Who were they replaced with?", "guitarist Sascha Gerstner (ex-Freedom Call, Neumond) and drummer Mark Cross (ex-Metalium, Kingdom Come, At Vance, Firewind),", "Was there tension between the members of the band?", "Weikath, Deris, and Grosskopf felt that Kusch and Grapow, in particular, were spending more time on and paying more attention to their new side-project, Masterplan", "Did any other band member leave during this time?", "Cross could not finish the album due to mononucleosis, completing only two tracks; the drum tracks were completed by Motorhead's Mikkey Dee.", "How did the band do with changes?", "So we got him on the island where we recorded and let him hang out with us a little and then he decided 'Good, let's go'.\"", "Was the bands music affected by the changes?", "Despite a somewhat tepid response to the album, Helloween nonetheless completed a successful world tour, highlighted by the return of classic songs", "Did the new members struggle?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Jennifer Granholm", "Subsequent career" ]

[ "This is a list of notable books by young authors and of books written by notable writers in their early years. These books were written, or substantially completed, before the author's twentieth birthday. \n\nAlexandra Adornetto (born 18 April 1994) wrote her debut novel, The Shadow Thief, when she was 13. It was published in 2007. Other books written by her as a teenager are: The Lampo Circus (2008), Von Gobstopper's Arcade (2009), Halo (2010) and Hades (2011).\nMargery Allingham (1904–1966) had her first novel, Blackkerchief Dick, about smugglers in 17th century Essex, published in 1923, when she was 19.\nJorge Amado (1912–2001) had his debut novel, The Country of Carnival, published in 1931, when he was 18.\nPrateek Arora wrote his debut novel Village 1104 at the age of 16. It was published in 2010.\nDaisy Ashford (1881–1972) wrote The Young Visiters while aged nine. This novella was first published in 1919, preserving her juvenile punctuation and spelling. An earlier work, The Life of Father McSwiney, was dictated to her father when she was four. It was published almost a century later in 1983.\nAmelia Atwater-Rhodes (born 1984) had her first novel, In the Forests of the Night, published in 1999. Subsequent novels include Demon in My View (2000), Shattered Mirror (2001), Midnight Predator (2002), Hawksong (2003) and Snakecharm (2004).\nJane Austen (1775–1817) wrote Lady Susan, a short epistolary novel, between 1793 and 1795 when she was aged 18-20.\nRuskin Bond (born 1934) wrote his semi-autobiographical novel The Room on the Roof when he was 17. It was published in 1955.\nMarjorie Bowen (1885–1952) wrote the historical novel The Viper of Milan when she was 16. Published in 1906 after several rejections, it became a bestseller.\nOliver Madox Brown (1855–1874) finished his novel Gabriel Denver in early 1872, when he was 17. It was published the following year.\nPamela Brown (1924–1989) finished her children's novel about an amateur theatre company, The Swish of the Curtain (1941), when she was 16 and later wrote other books about the stage.\nCeleste and Carmel Buckingham wrote The Lost Princess when they were 11 and 9.\nFlavia Bujor (born 8 August 1988) wrote The Prophecy of the Stones (2002) when she was 13.\nLord Byron (1788–1824) published two volumes of poetry in his teens, Fugitive Pieces and Hours of Idleness.\nTaylor Caldwell's The Romance of Atlantis was written when she was 12.\n (1956–1976), Le Don de Vorace, was published in 1974.\nHilda Conkling (1910–1986) had her poems published in Poems by a Little Girl (1920), Shoes of the Wind (1922) and Silverhorn (1924).\nAbraham Cowley (1618–1667), Tragicall History of Piramus and Thisbe (1628), Poetical Blossoms (published 1633).\nMaureen Daly (1921–2006) completed Seventeenth Summer before she was 20. It was published in 1942.\nJuliette Davies (born 2000) wrote the first book in the JJ Halo series when she was eight years old. The series was published the following year.\nSamuel R. Delany (born 1 April 1942) published his The Jewels of Aptor in 1962.\nPatricia Finney's A Shadow of Gulls was published in 1977 when she was 18. Its sequel, The Crow Goddess, was published in 1978.\nBarbara Newhall Follett (1914–1939) wrote her first novel The House Without Windows at the age of eight. The manuscript was destroyed in a house fire and she later retyped her manuscript at the age of 12. The novel was published by Knopf publishing house in January 1927.\nFord Madox Ford (né Hueffer) (1873–1939) published in 1892 two children's stories, The Brown Owl and The Feather, and a novel, The Shifting of the Fire.\nAnne Frank (1929–1945) wrote her diary for two-and-a-half years starting on her 13th birthday. It was published posthumously as Het Achterhuis in 1947 and then in English translation in 1952 as Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl. An unabridged translation followed in 1996.\nMiles Franklin wrote My Brilliant Career (1901) when she was a teenager.\nAlec Greven's How to Talk to Girls was published in 2008 when he was nine years old. Subsequently he has published How to Talk to Moms, How to Talk to Dads and How to Talk to Santa.\nFaïza Guène (born 1985) had Kiffe kiffe demain published in 2004, when she was 19. It has since been translated into 22 languages, including English (as Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow).\nSonya Hartnett (born 1968) was thirteen years old when she wrote her first novel, Trouble All the Way, which was published in Australia in 1984.\nAlex and Brett Harris wrote the best-selling book Do Hard Things (2008), a non-fiction book challenging teenagers to \"rebel against low expectations\", at age 19. Two years later came a follow-up book called Start Here (2010).\nGeorgette Heyer (1902–1974) wrote The Black Moth when she was 17 and received a publishing contract when she was 18. It was published just after she turned 19.\nSusan Hill (born 1942), The Enclosure, published in 1961.\nS. E. Hinton (born 1948), The Outsiders, first published in 1967.\nPalle Huld (1912–2010) wrote A Boy Scout Around the World (Jorden Rundt i 44 dage) when he was 15, following a sponsored journey around the world.\nGeorge Vernon Hudson (1867–1946) completed An Elementary Manual of New Zealand Entomology at the end of 1886, when he was 19, but not published until 1892.\nKatharine Hull (1921–1977) and Pamela Whitlock (1920–1982) wrote the children's outdoor adventure novel The Far-Distant Oxus in 1937. It was followed in 1938 by Escape to Persia and in 1939 by Oxus in Summer.\nLeigh Hunt (1784–1859) published Juvenilia; or, a Collection of Poems Written between the ages of Twelve and Sixteen by J. H. L. Hunt, Late of the Grammar School of Christ's Hospital in March 1801.\nKody Keplinger (born 1991) wrote her debut novel The DUFF when she was 17.\nGordon Korman (born 1963), This Can't Be Happening at Macdonald Hall (1978), three sequels, and I Want to Go Home (1981).\nMatthew Gregory Lewis (1775–1818) wrote the Gothic novel The Monk, now regarded as a classic of the genre, before he was twenty. It was published in 1796.\nNina Lugovskaya (1918–1993), a painter, theater director and Gulag survivor, kept a diary in 1932–37, which shows strong social sensitivities. It was found in the Russian State Archives and published 2003. It appeared in English in the same year.\nJoyce Maynard (born 1953) completed Looking Back while she was 19. It was first published in 1973.\nMargaret Mitchell (1900–1949) wrote her novella Lost Laysen at the age of fifteen and gave the two notebooks containing the manuscript to her boyfriend, Henry Love Angel. The novel was published posthumously in 1996.\nBen Okri, the Nigerian poet and novelist, (born 1959) wrote his first book Flowers and Shadows while he was 19.\nAlice Oseman(born 1994) wrote the novel Solitaire when she was 17 and it was published in 2014.\nHelen Oyeyemi (born 1984) completed The Icarus Girl while still 18. First published in 2005.\nChristopher Paolini (born 1983) had Eragon, the first novel of the Inheritance Cycle, first published 2002.\nEmily Pepys (1833–1877), daughter of a bishop, wrote a vivid private journal over six months of 1844–45, aged ten. It was discovered much later and published in 1984.\nAnya Reiss (born 1991) wrote her play Spur of the Moment when she was 17. It was both performed and published in 2010, when she was 18.\nArthur Rimbaud (1854–1891) wrote almost all his prose and poetry while still a teenager, for example Le Soleil était encore chaud (1866), Le Bateau ivre (1871) and Une Saison en Enfer (1873).\nJohn Thomas Romney Robinson (1792–1882) saw his juvenile poems published in 1806, when he was 13.\nFrançoise Sagan (1935–2004) had Bonjour tristesse published in 1954, when she was 18.\nMary Shelley (1797–1851) completed Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus during May 1817, when she was 19. It was first published in the following year.\nMattie Stepanek (1990–2004), an American poet, published seven best-selling books of poetry.\nJohn Steptoe (1950–1989), author and illustrator, began his picture book Stevie at 16. It was published in 1969 in Life.\nAnna Stothard (born 1983) saw her Isabel and Rocco published when she was 19.\nDorothy Straight (born 1958) in 1962 wrote How the World Began, which was published by Pantheon Books in 1964. She holds the Guinness world record for the youngest female published author.\nJalaluddin Al-Suyuti (c. 1445–1505) wrote his first book, Sharh Al-Isti'aadha wal-Basmalah, at the age of 17.\nF. J. Thwaites (1908–1979) wrote his bestselling novel The Broken Melody when he was 19.\nJohn Kennedy Toole (1937–1969) wrote The Neon Bible in 1954 when he was 16. It was not published until 1989.\nAlec Waugh (1898–1981) wrote his novel about school life, The Loom of Youth, after leaving school. It was published in 1917.\nCatherine Webb (born 1986) had five young adult books published before she was 20: Mirror Dreams (2002), Mirror Wakes (2003), Waywalkers (2003), Timekeepers (2004) and The Extraordinary and Unusual Adventures of Horatio Lyle (February 2006).\nNancy Yi Fan (born 1993) published her debut Swordbird when she was 12. Other books she published as a teenager include Sword Quest (2008) and Sword Mountain (2012).\nKat Zhang (born 1991) was 20 when she sold, in a three-book deal, her entire Hybrid Chronicles trilogy. The first book, What's Left of Me, was published 2012.\n\nSee also \nLists of books\n\nReferences \n\nBooks Written By Children and Teenagers\nbooks\nChildren And Teenagers, Written By\nChi", "Alannah Yip (born October 26, 1993) is a Canadian engineer and sport climber. She was a national champion for her age when she was twelve. She won a gold medal at the American Climbing Championships 2020 in Los Angeles, which qualified her for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.\n\nLife\nYip was born and raised in North Vancouver. She began climbing when she was nine when her godparent's children became interested in climbing. She won her first National Climbing Championship when she was twelve. She trained to be an engineer, specialising in mechatronics. She tried giving up climbing to concentrate on her university studies, but she realised that sport was essential. In 2015 she was able to visit Switzerland as part of her studies and she was able to practice climbing in her spare time with the Swiss national team. When she returned to Canada she began training with the \"Climb Base 5\" in preparation for the following years World Cup climbing events.\n\nYip graduated from the University of British Columbia in 2018.\n\nHer coach was Andrew Wilson in 2018 and she has been supported by Petro-Canada. She qualified for a place in sport climbing at the 2020 Summer Olympics by winning the 2020 IFSC Pan-American Championships.\n\nResults\n\nWorld championships\n\nPan American championships\n\nReferences\n\n1993 births\nLiving people\nPeople from North Vancouver\nCanadian engineers\nCanadian rock climbers\nSport climbers at the 2020 Summer Olympics\nOlympic sport climbers of Canada" ]

[ "Jennifer Granholm", "Subsequent career", "When was she born?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Dead Funny is a 1994 independent drama film directed by John Feldman. It stars Elizabeth Peña as Vivian Saunders, a woman who comes home from work and finds her boyfriend Reggie Barker (Andrew McCarthy) pinned to her kitchen table with a long knife.\n\nPlot\nVivian Saunders (Elizabeth Peña) comes home one day to an unusual surprise: her boyfriend Reggie Barker (Andrew McCarthy) is lying on the kitchen table with a large sword sticking out of his body. At first Vivian thinks this must be some sort of joke, but she discovers that Reggie is indeed dead, and as she calls her best friend Louise (Paige Turco) to figure out what might have happened and what to do, it occurs to her that she blacked out after too much wine the night before and isn't sure what she did before she passed out. After a few phone calls, Vivian's women's support group arrives, and what to do about Reggie soon takes second place to what Vivian should do for herself.\n\nCast\nElizabeth Peña as Vivian Saunders\nAndrew McCarthy as Reggie Barker\nPaige Turco as Louise\nBlanche Baker as Barbara\nAllison Janney as Jennifer\nAdelle Lutz as Mari\nNovella Nelson as Frances\nLisa Jane Persky as Sarah\nMichael Mantell as Harold\nKen Kensei as Yoshi\nBai Ling as Norriko\n\nRelease\nThis film has only been released on VHS and LaserDisc format.\n\nReception\nDavid Nusair of DVD Talk negatively reviewed the film, saying \"By the time we find out what really happened to McCarthy's character, it's impossible to care.\" Time Out also negatively reviewed the film, writing \"How did it happen? Who did it? Who cares? Probably not Feldman who seems more interested in shooting his actresses' naked thighs.\" The New York Times stated that Dead Funny \"tries so hard to be ingeniously tricky and ambiguous that it ends up outsmarting itself\".\n\nVariety positively reviewed the film, praising Peña's performance.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n\n1994 films\nAmerican drama films\nAmerican independent films\nAmerican films\n1994 drama films\nEnglish-language films", "\"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, Affection. It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan.\n\nIn 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Affection and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology. They were also featured on The Collection 1989–2003 box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales.\n\nCritical reception\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. Matthew Hocter from Albumism viewed it as a \"upbeat offering\". David Giles from Music Week said it is \"beautifully performed\" by Stansfield. A reviewer from Reading Eagle wrote that \"What Did I Do to You?\" \"would be right at home on the \"Saturday Night Fever\" soundtrack.\"\n\nMusic video\nA music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Philip Richardson, who had previously directed the videos for \"All Around the World\" and \"Live Together\". It features Stansfield with her kiss curls, dressed in a white outfit and performing with her band on a stage in front of a jumping audience. The video was later published on Stansfield's official YouTube channel in November 2009. It has amassed more than 1,6 million views as of October 2021.\n\nTrack listings\n\n European/UK 7\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK/Japanese CD single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n UK 10\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix) – 5:52\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK 12\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 4:22\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 3:19\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:15\n\n UK 12\" promotional single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Anti Poll Tax Dub) – 6:31\n\n Other remixes\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Red Zone Mix) – 7:45\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nLisa Stansfield songs\n1990 singles\nSongs written by Lisa Stansfield\n1989 songs\nArista Records singles\nSongs written by Ian Devaney\nSongs written by Andy Morris (musician)" ]

[ "Jennifer Granholm", "Subsequent career", "When was she born?", "I don't know.", "What did she do?", "Granholm is a Distinguished Adjunct Professor of Law and Public Policy at the UC Berkeley Goldman School of Public Policy" ]

[ "Jen Seidel, also known as Jen the Body Painter, is a professional body painter from Reistertown, Maryland.\n\nArtwork \nSeidel's body painting art has received extensive national and international coverage, including from sources such as Yahoo Lifestyle, Asbury Park Press, and others. The British newspaper The Daily Mirror observed that Sidel \"has made a name for herself on YouTube and Instagram with her incredibly lifelike outfits made entirely from paint.\" She has often used the process of painting clothes on nude or semi nude people, who then go unnoticed as people around them seldom realized that the \"clothing\" is actually painted on the skin.\n\nIn 2014 Seidel published a coffee table book of her work through 80 West Media entitled Covered, A Body of Work by Jen Seidel.\n\nIn 2019 Seidel received wide coverage when she recreated a Bob Ross landscape painting on her own stomach.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\nLiving people\nDate of birth missing (living people)\nArtists from Maryland\nAmerican women painters\nYear of birth missing (living people)\n21st-century American women", "Unnoticed Art is the name of an organisation and a series of initiatives relating to a form of performance art that is executed in a non-theatrical context.\n\nThe term 'Unnoticed Art' was originally mentioned by Dutch artist Frans van Lent as a basic concept for the first Unnoticed Art Festival, which took place in Haarlem (The Netherlands) in 2014. The first Unnoticed Art Festival took place over two days, during which time thirty volunteers executed the performance scores created by thirty five artists. An iteration of the first Unnoticed Art Festival was commissioned by Zeppelin University in Friedrichshafen in Germany to form part of their 2014 Sommerfest, the university's principal annual public engagement event. This used a selection of works devised for the Haarlem event. The second Unnoticed Art Festival took place in Nijmegen, 2016. The book Unnoticed Art was published in January, 2015. It contains an artistic statement by Frans van Lent and a catalogue of the Unnoticed Art Festival performances.\n\nThe 'Unnoticed Art' concept was further developed into a blog titled UnnoticedArt.com. The purpose of this blog is to present a wide variety of art works that relate to the artistic attitude of the field of Unnoticed Art.\n\nIn addition, TheConceptBank.org was initiated as a follow up from the first Unnoticed Art Festival, as an online free approachable database for performative concepts. Like the festival, TheConceptBank.org is based on the separation of concept creation (the artist) and execution (by visitors of the website). This website was launched in May 2014.\n\nAnother derivation of the 'Unnoticed Art' concept, The ParallelShow, is recognised as a series of impromptu performances of occasional collaborations from performance art practitioners. It started on 7 July 2015 as a singular occasion at the Kunsthal in Rotterdam, NL. This first ParallelShow was a cooperation of three Dutch artists: Ieke Trinks, Ienke Kastelein and Frans van Lent.\n\nThe concept of The ParallelShow took place unexpectedly at and around public exhibitions in art venues. It was never announced, no invitations are ever sent. Since the first show, The ParallelShow has also been initiated in nine other locations: 23 October 2015: at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden, Netherlands; 4 December 2015: at the M-Museumin Leuven, Belgium; 17 January 2016: at the Tate Britain, London, UK; 11 February 2016: at the Art Rotterdam art-fair, Rotterdam, Netherlands; 28 May 2016: at the Archeological Sites, Delphi, Greece; 5 June 2016: at the Huis van Gijn, Dordrecht, Netherlands; 18 September 2016: at the Institut Valencià d’Art Modern (IVAM), Valencia, Spain; 6 November 2016: at the Stasi Museum, Berlin, Germany; 8 January 2017: at the Met Cloisters, in New York City, New York, USA.\n\nThe ParallelShow never leaves any physical traces of its occurrence.\n\nThe ParallelShow book was published from Jap Sam Books, in The Netherlands, in March 2018.\n\nReferences\n\n2014 establishments" ]

[ "Jennifer Granholm", "Subsequent career", "When was she born?", "I don't know.", "What did she do?", "Granholm is a Distinguished Adjunct Professor of Law and Public Policy at the UC Berkeley Goldman School of Public Policy", "Did her work ever go unnoticed?", "She is a regular contributor to NBC's political talk show Meet the Press, has written on U.S. energy policy and has co-authored a book with her husband," ]

[ "Gypsy: A Memoir is a 1957 autobiography of renowned striptease artist Gypsy Rose Lee, which inspired the 1959 Broadway musical Gypsy: A Musical Fable. The book tells Lee's true life story in three acts beginning with her early childhood days in theatre when she toured with her sister, June Havoc. The book ends just as Gypsy has gotten on a train and is headed to Hollywood to begin her career in the movies. Her Hollywood career was short lived and she did not get many roles. The roles she did get were so small that at one point she wanted to be billed under her birth name, Louise Hovick.\n\nThe first edition was published by Harper in 1957. It is now available in a 1999 paperback reprint.\n\n1957 non-fiction books\nAmerican memoirs", "Sobaka magazine was an avant-garde periodical that examined and reviewed events in Third World countries but usually did not get the attention of the mainline press. Countries covered included Haiti, Asian successor states of the Soviet Union and Caucasian and Middle Eastern states. Its editors were Cali Ruchala and Mark Irkali, issuing the magazine as Diacritica Press. Seventeen issues of the periodical were published during 1998–2006.\n\nReferences\n\n1998 establishments in Russia\n2006 disestablishments in Russia\nAvant-garde magazines\nDefunct magazines published in Russia\nDefunct political magazines\nMagazines established in 1998\nMagazines disestablished in 2006\nPolitical magazines published in Russia\nRussian-language magazines" ]

[ "Julian Assange", "Personal life" ]

[ "Since the first human spaceflight by the Soviet Union, citizens of 42 countries have flown in space. For each nationality, the launch date of the first mission is listed. The list is based on the nationality of the person at the time of the launch. Only 3 of the 42 \"first flyers\" have been women (Helen Sharman for the United Kingdom in 1991, Anousheh Ansari for Iran in 2006, and Yi So-yeon for South Korea in 2008). Only three nations (Soviet Union/Russia, U.S., China) have launched their own crewed spacecraft, with the Soviets/Russians and the American programs providing rides to other nations' astronauts. Twenty-seven \"first flights\" occurred on Soviet or Russian flights while the United States carried fourteen.\n\nTimeline\nNote: All dates given are UTC. Countries indicated in bold have achieved independent human spaceflight capability.\n\nNotes\n\nOther claims\nThe above list uses the nationality at the time of launch. Lists with differing criteria might include the following people:\n Pavel Popovich, first launched 12 August 1962, was the first Ukrainian-born man in space. At the time, Ukraine was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Michael Collins, first launched 18 July 1966 was born in Italy to American parents and was an American citizen when he went into space.\n William Anders, American citizen, first launched 21 December 1968, was the first Hong Kong-born man in space.\n Vladimir Shatalov, first launched 14 January 1969, was the first Kazakh-born man in space. At the time, Kazakhstan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Bill Pogue, first launched 16 November 1973, as an inductee to the 5 Civilized Tribes Hall of Fame can lay claim to being the first Native American in space. See John Herrington below regarding technicality of tribal registration.\n Pyotr Klimuk, first launched 18 December 1973, was the first Belorussian-born man in space. At the time, Belarus was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Vladimir Dzhanibekov, first launched 16 March 1978, was the first Uzbek-born man in space. At the time, Uzbekistan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Paul D. Scully-Power, first launched 5 October 1984, was born in Australia, but was an American citizen when he went into space; Australian law at the time forbade dual-citizenship.\n Taylor Gun-Jin Wang, first launched 29 April 1985, was born in China to Chinese parents, but was an American citizen when he went into space.\n Lodewijk van den Berg, launched 29 April 1985, was born in the Netherlands, but was an American citizen when he went into space.\n Patrick Baudry, first launched 17 June 1985, was born in French Cameroun (now part of Cameroon), but was a French citizen when he went into space.\n Shannon Lucid, first launched 17 June 1985, was born in China to American parents of European descent, and was an American citizen when she went into space.\n Franklin Chang-Diaz, first launched 12 January 1986, was born in Costa Rica, but was an American citizen when he went into space\n Musa Manarov, first launched 21 December 1987, was the first Azerbaijan-born man in space. At the time, Azerbaijan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Anatoly Solovyev, first launched 7 June 1988, was the first Latvian-born man in space. At the time, Latvia was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev and Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov became Russian rather than Soviet citizens while still in orbit aboard Mir, making them the first purely Russian citizens in space.\n James H. Newman, American citizen, first launched 12 September 1993, was born in the portion of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands that is now the Federated States of Micronesia.\n Talgat Musabayev, first launched 1 July 1994, was born in the Kazakh SSR and is known in Kazakhstan as the \"first cosmonaut of independent Kazakhstan\", but was a Russian citizen when he went into space.\n Frederick W. Leslie, American citizen, launched 20 October 1995, was born in Panama Canal Zone (now Panama).\n Andy Thomas, first launched 19 May 1996, was born in Australia but like Paul D. Scully-Power was an American citizen when he went to space; Australian law at the time forbade dual-citizenship.\n Carlos I. Noriega, first launched 15 May 1997, was born in Peru, but was an American citizen when he went into space.\n Bjarni Tryggvason, launched 7 August 1997, was born in Iceland, but was a Canadian citizen when he went into space.\n Salizhan Sharipov, first launched 22 January 1998, was born in Kyrgyzstan (then the Kirghiz SSR), but was a Russian citizen when he went into space. Sharipov is of Uzbek ancestry.\n Philippe Perrin, first launched 5 June 2002, was born in Morocco, but was a French citizen when he went into space.\n John Herrington, an American citizen first launched 24 November 2002, is the first tribal registered Native American in space (Chickasaw). See also Bill Pogue above.\n Fyodor Yurchikhin, first launched 7 October 2002, was born in Georgia (then the Georgian SSR). He was a Russian citizen at the time he went into space and is of Pontian Greek descent.\n Joseph M. Acaba, first launched 15 March 2009, was born in the U.S. state of California to American parents of Puerto Rican descent.\n\nGallery\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nCurrent Space Demographics, compiled by William Harwood, CBS News Space Consultant, and Rob Navias, NASA.\n\nLists of firsts in space\nSpaceflight timelines", "This is a list of notable books by young authors and of books written by notable writers in their early years. These books were written, or substantially completed, before the author's twentieth birthday. \n\nAlexandra Adornetto (born 18 April 1994) wrote her debut novel, The Shadow Thief, when she was 13. It was published in 2007. Other books written by her as a teenager are: The Lampo Circus (2008), Von Gobstopper's Arcade (2009), Halo (2010) and Hades (2011).\nMargery Allingham (1904–1966) had her first novel, Blackkerchief Dick, about smugglers in 17th century Essex, published in 1923, when she was 19.\nJorge Amado (1912–2001) had his debut novel, The Country of Carnival, published in 1931, when he was 18.\nPrateek Arora wrote his debut novel Village 1104 at the age of 16. It was published in 2010.\nDaisy Ashford (1881–1972) wrote The Young Visiters while aged nine. This novella was first published in 1919, preserving her juvenile punctuation and spelling. An earlier work, The Life of Father McSwiney, was dictated to her father when she was four. It was published almost a century later in 1983.\nAmelia Atwater-Rhodes (born 1984) had her first novel, In the Forests of the Night, published in 1999. Subsequent novels include Demon in My View (2000), Shattered Mirror (2001), Midnight Predator (2002), Hawksong (2003) and Snakecharm (2004).\nJane Austen (1775–1817) wrote Lady Susan, a short epistolary novel, between 1793 and 1795 when she was aged 18-20.\nRuskin Bond (born 1934) wrote his semi-autobiographical novel The Room on the Roof when he was 17. It was published in 1955.\nMarjorie Bowen (1885–1952) wrote the historical novel The Viper of Milan when she was 16. Published in 1906 after several rejections, it became a bestseller.\nOliver Madox Brown (1855–1874) finished his novel Gabriel Denver in early 1872, when he was 17. It was published the following year.\nPamela Brown (1924–1989) finished her children's novel about an amateur theatre company, The Swish of the Curtain (1941), when she was 16 and later wrote other books about the stage.\nCeleste and Carmel Buckingham wrote The Lost Princess when they were 11 and 9.\nFlavia Bujor (born 8 August 1988) wrote The Prophecy of the Stones (2002) when she was 13.\nLord Byron (1788–1824) published two volumes of poetry in his teens, Fugitive Pieces and Hours of Idleness.\nTaylor Caldwell's The Romance of Atlantis was written when she was 12.\n (1956–1976), Le Don de Vorace, was published in 1974.\nHilda Conkling (1910–1986) had her poems published in Poems by a Little Girl (1920), Shoes of the Wind (1922) and Silverhorn (1924).\nAbraham Cowley (1618–1667), Tragicall History of Piramus and Thisbe (1628), Poetical Blossoms (published 1633).\nMaureen Daly (1921–2006) completed Seventeenth Summer before she was 20. It was published in 1942.\nJuliette Davies (born 2000) wrote the first book in the JJ Halo series when she was eight years old. The series was published the following year.\nSamuel R. Delany (born 1 April 1942) published his The Jewels of Aptor in 1962.\nPatricia Finney's A Shadow of Gulls was published in 1977 when she was 18. Its sequel, The Crow Goddess, was published in 1978.\nBarbara Newhall Follett (1914–1939) wrote her first novel The House Without Windows at the age of eight. The manuscript was destroyed in a house fire and she later retyped her manuscript at the age of 12. The novel was published by Knopf publishing house in January 1927.\nFord Madox Ford (né Hueffer) (1873–1939) published in 1892 two children's stories, The Brown Owl and The Feather, and a novel, The Shifting of the Fire.\nAnne Frank (1929–1945) wrote her diary for two-and-a-half years starting on her 13th birthday. It was published posthumously as Het Achterhuis in 1947 and then in English translation in 1952 as Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl. An unabridged translation followed in 1996.\nMiles Franklin wrote My Brilliant Career (1901) when she was a teenager.\nAlec Greven's How to Talk to Girls was published in 2008 when he was nine years old. Subsequently he has published How to Talk to Moms, How to Talk to Dads and How to Talk to Santa.\nFaïza Guène (born 1985) had Kiffe kiffe demain published in 2004, when she was 19. It has since been translated into 22 languages, including English (as Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow).\nSonya Hartnett (born 1968) was thirteen years old when she wrote her first novel, Trouble All the Way, which was published in Australia in 1984.\nAlex and Brett Harris wrote the best-selling book Do Hard Things (2008), a non-fiction book challenging teenagers to \"rebel against low expectations\", at age 19. Two years later came a follow-up book called Start Here (2010).\nGeorgette Heyer (1902–1974) wrote The Black Moth when she was 17 and received a publishing contract when she was 18. It was published just after she turned 19.\nSusan Hill (born 1942), The Enclosure, published in 1961.\nS. E. Hinton (born 1948), The Outsiders, first published in 1967.\nPalle Huld (1912–2010) wrote A Boy Scout Around the World (Jorden Rundt i 44 dage) when he was 15, following a sponsored journey around the world.\nGeorge Vernon Hudson (1867–1946) completed An Elementary Manual of New Zealand Entomology at the end of 1886, when he was 19, but not published until 1892.\nKatharine Hull (1921–1977) and Pamela Whitlock (1920–1982) wrote the children's outdoor adventure novel The Far-Distant Oxus in 1937. It was followed in 1938 by Escape to Persia and in 1939 by Oxus in Summer.\nLeigh Hunt (1784–1859) published Juvenilia; or, a Collection of Poems Written between the ages of Twelve and Sixteen by J. H. L. Hunt, Late of the Grammar School of Christ's Hospital in March 1801.\nKody Keplinger (born 1991) wrote her debut novel The DUFF when she was 17.\nGordon Korman (born 1963), This Can't Be Happening at Macdonald Hall (1978), three sequels, and I Want to Go Home (1981).\nMatthew Gregory Lewis (1775–1818) wrote the Gothic novel The Monk, now regarded as a classic of the genre, before he was twenty. It was published in 1796.\nNina Lugovskaya (1918–1993), a painter, theater director and Gulag survivor, kept a diary in 1932–37, which shows strong social sensitivities. It was found in the Russian State Archives and published 2003. It appeared in English in the same year.\nJoyce Maynard (born 1953) completed Looking Back while she was 19. It was first published in 1973.\nMargaret Mitchell (1900–1949) wrote her novella Lost Laysen at the age of fifteen and gave the two notebooks containing the manuscript to her boyfriend, Henry Love Angel. The novel was published posthumously in 1996.\nBen Okri, the Nigerian poet and novelist, (born 1959) wrote his first book Flowers and Shadows while he was 19.\nAlice Oseman(born 1994) wrote the novel Solitaire when she was 17 and it was published in 2014.\nHelen Oyeyemi (born 1984) completed The Icarus Girl while still 18. First published in 2005.\nChristopher Paolini (born 1983) had Eragon, the first novel of the Inheritance Cycle, first published 2002.\nEmily Pepys (1833–1877), daughter of a bishop, wrote a vivid private journal over six months of 1844–45, aged ten. It was discovered much later and published in 1984.\nAnya Reiss (born 1991) wrote her play Spur of the Moment when she was 17. It was both performed and published in 2010, when she was 18.\nArthur Rimbaud (1854–1891) wrote almost all his prose and poetry while still a teenager, for example Le Soleil était encore chaud (1866), Le Bateau ivre (1871) and Une Saison en Enfer (1873).\nJohn Thomas Romney Robinson (1792–1882) saw his juvenile poems published in 1806, when he was 13.\nFrançoise Sagan (1935–2004) had Bonjour tristesse published in 1954, when she was 18.\nMary Shelley (1797–1851) completed Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus during May 1817, when she was 19. It was first published in the following year.\nMattie Stepanek (1990–2004), an American poet, published seven best-selling books of poetry.\nJohn Steptoe (1950–1989), author and illustrator, began his picture book Stevie at 16. It was published in 1969 in Life.\nAnna Stothard (born 1983) saw her Isabel and Rocco published when she was 19.\nDorothy Straight (born 1958) in 1962 wrote How the World Began, which was published by Pantheon Books in 1964. She holds the Guinness world record for the youngest female published author.\nJalaluddin Al-Suyuti (c. 1445–1505) wrote his first book, Sharh Al-Isti'aadha wal-Basmalah, at the age of 17.\nF. J. Thwaites (1908–1979) wrote his bestselling novel The Broken Melody when he was 19.\nJohn Kennedy Toole (1937–1969) wrote The Neon Bible in 1954 when he was 16. It was not published until 1989.\nAlec Waugh (1898–1981) wrote his novel about school life, The Loom of Youth, after leaving school. It was published in 1917.\nCatherine Webb (born 1986) had five young adult books published before she was 20: Mirror Dreams (2002), Mirror Wakes (2003), Waywalkers (2003), Timekeepers (2004) and The Extraordinary and Unusual Adventures of Horatio Lyle (February 2006).\nNancy Yi Fan (born 1993) published her debut Swordbird when she was 12. Other books she published as a teenager include Sword Quest (2008) and Sword Mountain (2012).\nKat Zhang (born 1991) was 20 when she sold, in a three-book deal, her entire Hybrid Chronicles trilogy. The first book, What's Left of Me, was published 2012.\n\nSee also \nLists of books\n\nReferences \n\nBooks Written By Children and Teenagers\nbooks\nChildren And Teenagers, Written By\nChi" ]

[ "Julian Assange", "Personal life", "When was he born?", "1951" ]

[ "Miguel Skrobot (Warsaw, 1873 – Curitiba, February 20, 1912) was a businessman Brazilian of Polish origin.\n\nMiguel Skrobot was born in 1873, in Warsaw, Poland, to José Skrobot and Rosa Skrobot. When he was 18 he migrated to Brazil and settled in Curitiba as a merchant.\n\nHe married Maria Pansardi, who was born in Tibagi, Paraná, to Italian immigrants, and she bore him three children. He kept a steam-powered factory where he worked on grinding and toasting coffee beans under the \"Rio Branco\" brand, located on the spot where today stands the square called Praça Zacarias (square located in the center of Curitiba). He also owned a grocery store near Praça Tiradentes (also a square in the center of Curitiba, where the city was born). He died an early death, when he was 39, on February 20, 1912.\n\nReferences\n\n1873 births\n1912 deaths\nBrazilian businesspeople\nPeople from Curitiba\nPolish emigrants to Brazil", "Adolf von Rauch (22 April 1798 - 12 December 1882) was a German paper manufacturer in Heilbronn, where he was born and died and where he was a major builder of social housing.\n\nPapermakers\n1798 births\n1882 deaths\nPeople from Heilbronn" ]

[ "Julian Assange", "Personal life", "When was he born?", "1951", "Where was he born?", "Townsville, Queensland," ]

[ "Automatic visa revalidation is one of a handful of exceptions to the general rule that a person who is not a United States citizen or lawful permanent resident can only lawfully enter the United States if he/she has a valid visa. According to automatic visa revalidation, people on some non-immigrant visa statuses who visit Canada, Mexico or some adjacent islands close to the United States for a period of less than 30 days can re-enter the United States based on a valid Form I-94 even if their visa has expired.\n\nRules\n\nA person is eligible for automatic visa revalidation provided the following conditions are met:\n\n The underlying authorization for the current status continues to be valid (such as the Form I-129 for non-immigrant workers or Form I-20 for students in F status).\n The person’s absence from the United States was 30 days or less.\n The person did not visit any countries other than Mexico or Canada in that period. People on F visa or J visa statuses are also allowed to have visited adjacent islands to the United States (i.e., the Caribbean Islands).\n The person does not have a pending (or rejected) application for a new visa. Since it is not possible to renew a non-immigrant visa in the United States a person on a non-immigrant visa may travel to a nearby country to apply for a new visa. However, such a person becomes ineligible for automatic visa revalidation based on the rules, so automatic visa revalidation cannot be used as a fallback option for somebody trying to renew an expired visa.\n The person is not a citizen of one of the countries designated by the US as a state sponsor of terrorism. As of 2018, the list includes four countries: North Korea (designated November 20, 2017), Iran (designated January 19, 1984), Sudan (designated December 29, 1979), and Syria (designated August 12, 1993).\n\nSimilar exceptions\n\n The Visa Waiver Program allows nationals of 38 countries to enter the United States without visas, but they can enter only for short-term business/tourism trips, under conditions similar to those governing B visas.\n Some people currently in the United States can apply for advance parole that allows them to leave and re-enter the United States without a valid visa. Advance parole is not a generic re-entry permit.\n\nRelation with change of status \n\nAutomatic visa revalidation also applies to cases where the applicant never acquired a visa for his or her current non-immigrant status but rather transitioned through it by filing the appropriate form to change non-immigrant status (such as Form I-129 or Form I-539). Instead of the \"visa\", what gets revalidated is the change of status, and therefore in lieu of the visa the applicant must carry the Form I-797 Approval Notice in addition to all the other supporting documentation. In particular, it does not matter if the applicant has never acquired a visa for the new status.\n\nReferences\n\nVisa policy of the United States", "In accordance with Iraqi law, citizens of most countries require a visa to visit Iraq. However, visitors from certain countries are given a visa on arrival in select airports and certain countries are banned from entering Iraq.\n\nOn the 15th of March 2021, the Iraqi government lifted pre-arrival visa requirements for citizens from 37 countries, allowing citizens from those countries to apply for on-arrival visas at approved land, sea and air border crossings. \n\nIraqi government launched e-visa site, it's not clear if all citizens in the world can apply,for now only citizens of Germany,Turkey and Egypt can apply.\n\nVisa policy map\n\nVisa on arrival\n\nNationals of the following countries may obtain a visa on arrival at Al Najaf International Airport and Basra International Airport, or otherwise as noted:\n\n May obtain a visa on arrival in any port of entry\n\nNationals of the following countries need a visa-on-arrival payment.\n\nNon-ordinary passports\n\nA visa is not required for holders of diplomatic or service passports for nationals of\n\nIraqi-Kurdistan\nAccording to the KRG Representative Office in Vienna, visitors to the Kurdistan Region may get visa-free stamp for up to 30 days. Travelers by car need to pay a $30 road tax.\nWarning : This visa stamp is not valid at any place in the rest of Iraq outside of Iraqi-Kurdistan area which are Duhok, Erbil and Sulaymaniyah only. Exiting the regions of Iraqi-Kurdistan with this visa stamp to other city in Iraq may expose the visitor to a fine, deportation and prevent the person from entering Iraq for a period of two years or more. If you are planning to visit all parts of Iraq without worries, it is preferable to travel to Baghdad airport, Basra, Najaf, or any border crossing other than the Iraqi Kurdistan crossing points, after that, you will have absolute freedom to move around Iraq from the far north to the far south without any restrictions or conditions. \n\nEligible countries :\n\nAdditionally, the KRG Representative Offices in London and Washington, DC list the following passport holders as visa-exempt for 30 days:\n\nFurthermore, according to Timatic, the following passport holders arriving through the Erbil International Airport or Sulaimaniyah International Airport may enter visa free:\n\nEntry Refusal\nAccording to IATA, Bangladeshi citizens are barred from entering Iraq from 14 Aug 2019. This restriction applies even if they have a visa. However, transit is permitted.\n\nNationals of are also banned from visiting Iraq in general, except Iraqi Kurdistan where Israeli citizens are allowed to travel.\n\nCOVID-19 pandemic\n\nThe Iraqi government statement said that citizens of these countries must comply with all Iraqi preventive health measures as decided by the Higher Committee for Health and National Safety. Iraq banned Iranians from visiting the country due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition all travelers should be tested for Covid-19 48 hours before arrival and have documents of the results with them.\n\nSee also\n\nVisa requirements for Iraqi citizens\nTourism in Iraq\nIraqi nationality law\nIraqi passport\n\nReferences\n\nIraq\nForeign relations of Iraq" ]

[ "Julian Assange", "Personal life", "When was he born?", "1951", "Where was he born?", "Townsville, Queensland,", "What other countries if any did he visit?", "had lived in over thirty Australian towns" ]

[ "A young adult is generally a person in the years following adolescence. Definitions and opinions on what qualifies as a young adult vary, with works such as Erik Erikson's stages of human development significantly influencing the definition of the term; generally, the term is often used to refer to adults in approximately the 20s and 30s age range. The young adult stage in human development precedes middle adulthood.\n\nTime co-ordinates\nFor a variety of reasons, timelines on young adulthood cannot be exactly defined—producing different results according to the different mix of overlapping indices (legal, maturational, occupational, sexual, emotional and the like) employed, or on whether 'a developmental perspective... [or] the socialization perspective is taken. 'Sub-phases in this timetable of psycho-social growth patterns... are not rigid, and both social change and individual variations must be taken into account'—not to mention regional and cultural differences. Arguably indeed, with people living longer, and also reaching puberty earlier, 'age norms for major life events have become highly elastic' by the twenty-first century.\n\nSome have suggested that, after Pre-adulthood... in the first 20 years or so... the second era, Early Adulthood, lasts from about age 17 to 45... the adult era of greatest energy and abundance and of greatest contradiction and stress.' Within that framework, 'the Early Adult Transition (17–22) is a developmental bridge between pre-adulthood and early adulthood', recognizing that 'the transition into adulthood is not a clear-cut dividing line'. One might alternatively speak of 'a Provisional Adulthood (18–30)... [&] the initiation to First Adulthood' as following that. Alternatively, MIT has generally defined \"young adulthood\" as 18 to 22 or 25.\n\nDespite all such fluidity, there is broad agreement that it is essentially the twenties and thirties which constitute Early adulthood... the basis for what Levinson calls the Dream—a vision of his [or her] goals in life which provide motivation and enthusiasm for the future.'\n\nHealth\nYoung/prime adulthood can be considered the healthiest time of life and young adults are generally in good health, subject neither to disease nor the problems of senescence. Strength and physical performance reach their peak from 18 to 39 years of age. Flexibility may decrease with age throughout adulthood.\n\nWomen reach their peak fertility in their early 20s.\nAt age 30\n75% will have a conception ending in a live birth within one year\n91% will have a conception ending in a live birth within four years.\nAt age 35\n 66% will have a conception ending in a live birth within one year\n 84% will have a conception ending in a live birth within four years.\nAt age 40\n44% will have a conception ending in a live birth within one year\n64% will have a conception ending in a live birth within four years.\n\nIn developed countries, mortality rates for the 18–40 age group are typically very low. Men are more likely to die at this age than women, particularly in the 18–25 group: reasons include car accidents and suicide. Mortality statistics among men and women level off during the late twenties and thirties, due in part to good health and less risk-taking behavior.\n\nRegarding disease, cancer is much less common in young than in older adults. Exceptions are testicular cancer, cervical cancer, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV/AIDS has hit the early adult population particularly hard. According to a United Nations report, AIDS has significantly increased mortality of between ages 20 to 55 for African males and 20 to 45 for African females, reducing the life expectancy in South Africa by 18 years and in Botswana by 34 years.\n\nErik Erikson's theories of early adulthood\nAccording to Erik Erikson, in the wake of the adolescent emphasis upon identity formation, 'the young adult, emerging from the search for and insistence on identity, is eager and willing to fuse their identity with that of others. He [or she] is ready for intimacy, that is, the capacity to commit... to concrete affiliations and partnerships.' To do so means the ability 'to face the fear of ego loss in situations which call for self-abandon: in the solidarity of close affiliations, in orgasms and sexual unions, in close friendships and in physical combat'. Avoidance of such experiences 'because of a fear of ego-loss may lead to a deep sense of isolation and consequent self-absorption'.\n\nWhere isolation is avoided, the young adult may find instead that 'satisfactory sex relations... in some way take the edge off the hostilities and potential rages caused by the oppositeness of male and female, of fact and fancy, of love and hate'; and may grow into the ability to exchange intimacy, love and compassion.\n\nIn modern societies, young adults in their late teens and early 20s encounter a number of issues as they finish school and begin to hold full-time jobs and take on other responsibilities of adulthood; and 'the young adult is usually preoccupied with self-growth in the context of society and relationships with others.' The danger is that in 'the second era, Early Adulthood... we must make crucially important choices regarding marriage, family, work, and lifestyle before we have the maturity or life experience to choose wisely.'\n\nWhile 'young adulthood is filled with avid quests for intimate relationships and other major commitments involving career and life goals', there is also \"a parallel pursuit for the formulation of a set of moral values\". Erikson has argued that it is only now that what he calls the 'ideological mind' of adolescence gives way to 'that ethical sense which is the mark of the adult.'\n\nReaching adulthood in modern society is not always a linear or clean transition. As generations continue to adapt, new markers of adulthood are created that add different social expectations of what it means to be an adult.\n\nDaniel Levinson's Theory of Adult Development\n\nDaniel Levinson argued that developmental sequences continue to occur as we transition into adulthood. Levinson's theory centers around Erik Erikson's conception of life courses. This theory of Erikson includes patterns and relationships of events for the person's life that distinguishes them. The study of the life courses covers all aspects of the life relationships, internal and external feelings, bodily changes, and the good and bad times that are experienced. Preadulthood, Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, and Late Adulthood are the four eras that constitute the life course. Preadulthood begins with conception and continues to roughly the age of 22. During these years the person grows from being extremely dependent and undifferentiated to being a more independent responsible adult. This is the era that we see the most biopsychosocial growth. The Early Adulthood Transition is part of this first stage while also being a part of the second stage, this is from the age of 17 to 22. Here is when the preadulthood era begins to draw to a close and the transition to early adulthood begins. It is here that the individual begins to modify their relationship from the preadult world so that they fit better to the adult world they are creating. The second era Early adulthood begins at age 17 and goes till 45. It begins during the early adulthood transition, and has the greatest amount of energy, contradiction and stress. This is typically the time for forming and pursuing aspirations, finding a place in society, forming families and as the era ends establishing a solid position in the adult world. The third period (Middle Adulthood) begins at age 45 and goes till 65, here we begin to see a decline in our biological capacities, the decline is not enough to completely deplete us of the energy we had during early adulthood and it allows for us to continue to have a socially valuable life. The final era is late adulthood this begins with age 65 and goes till death. In this era the individual has to find a new balance between involvement with society and the self. The individual is experiencing more fully the process of dying and here should be given the ability to freely choose the mode of life.\n\nSettling down\nAfter the relative upheaval of the early 30s, the middle to late 30s are often characterized by settling down: 'the establishment phase', involving 'what we would call major life investments—work, family, friends, community activities, and values.' With the making of the major investments in life the individual makes deeper commitments investing more of himself to these commitments he's made. What has been termed 'the Culminating Life Structure for Early Adulthood (33–40) is the vehicle for completing this era and realizing our youthful aspirations.' People in their thirties may increase the financial and emotional investments they make in their lives, and may have been employed long enough to gain promotions and raises. They often become more focused on advancing their careers and gaining stability in their personal lives—'with marriage and child-rearing,' starting a family, coming to the fore as priorities.\n\nGail Sheehy, however, signposts the same twenties/thirties division rather differently, arguing that nowadays 'the twenties have stretched out into a long Provisional Adulthood', and that in fact 'the transition to the Turbulent Thirties marks the initiation to First Adulthood.'\n\nMidlife transition\n\nYoung Adulthood then draws to its close with 'the Midlife Transition, from roughly age 40 to 45'—producing 'a brand-new passage in the forties, when First Adulthood ends and Second Adulthood begins.' It is here in this Midlife Transition that we often find there is an ending of early adulthood as well as individuals making changes in their lives, with the biggest change being the career they are in. Early adulthood can be seen as ended as a person stops seeking adult status or wanting to feel like an adult By the time we reach the midlife transition we move from talking about how old we are to bolster our reputation and emphasize how young they are. In the midlife transition individuals start to focus on the things that become important in their lives that effect their personal lives. Those individuals focus more on the present than the future and the past. Levinson thought midlife to be a time of development of crisis. However, research today in the United States shows that individuals do not experience a midlife crisis. Instead individuals report midlife to be a freeing and satisfying period of life. An important thing to consider as we go through the midlife transition is the physical changes that we experience (outside of the changes that occur to the individual's character). Body image is an important aspect of the physical changes that are often experienced, and midlife transition may necessitate changes to one's perceived body image.\n\nHere in the Midlife transition the issue isn't whether the individual has achieved or failed in accomplishing the goals they formed in the previous era. Rather the issue at hand is what the individual should be doing with the experience of disparity between one's goals and one's outcomes. In this transitional period from early adulthood to middle adulthood, the changes we make tend to focus less on the self and more on the relationships that we have.\n\nSee also\n Emerging adulthood\n Quarter-life crisis\n Twenty something\n Thirty something\n Twixter\n Young professional\n Youth\n Young adult fiction\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\n|Erik H. Erikson, Joan M. Erikson, The Life Cycle Completed: Extended Version (W. W. Norton, 1998),\n\n \nAdulthood\nHuman development\nYouth", "Jeffrey Jensen Arnett is a professor in the Department of Psychology at Clark University in Massachusetts. His main research interest is in \"emerging adulthood\", a term he coined, which refers to the distinct phase between adolescence and young adulthood, occurring from the ages of 18 to 25.\n\nCareer\nJeffrey Arnett completed a B.S. in psychology, at Michigan State University in 1980. Five years later, he finished an M.A. in developmental psychology at University of Virginia. In 1986 he finished his Ph.D., also at the University of Virginia, in developmental psychology. From 1986 to 1989, he was an Assistant Professor of Psychology, at Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, Georgia. From 1989 to 1992, he was a research associate at the Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center in Chicago. From 1989 to 1992, he was a postdoctoral fellow at the Northwestern University Department of Psychiatry and the Committee on Human Development at the University of Chicago. From 1992 to 1998 he was an associate professor at the University of Missouri. From 1998 to 2005, he was a visiting associate professor at the University of Maryland, Department of Human Development and Department of Psychology. He was awarded tenure in 1996. \n\nArnett authored a book on heavy metal subculture and teens, entitled Metalheads: Heavy Metal Music and Adolescent Alienation (1996, Westview Press). He also authored a textbook entitled Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Cultural Approach (Prentice Hall). In May 2013, he coauthored a book (with Elizabeth Fishel), entitled Getting to 30: A Parent's Guide to the 20-Something Years. Arnett is a proponent of the idea that Generation Z is more \"thoughtful and civic-minded\" than previous generations.\n\nEmerging adulthood\nEmerging adulthood is a phase of the life span between adolescence and full-fledged adulthood, proposed by Arnett in a 2000 article in the American Psychologist. Emerging adulthood also encompasses late adolescence and early adulthood. It primarily applies to young adults in developed countries who do not have children, do not live in their own home, or do not have sufficient income to become fully independent in their early to late 20s.\n\nArnett says emerging adulthood is the period between 18 and 25 years of age where adolescents become more independent and explore various life possibilities. Emerging adulthood is a new demographic, is contentiously changing, and some believe that twenty-somethings have always struggled with \"identity exploration, instability, self-focus, and feeling in-between\".\n\nJeffrey Arnett explains four movements that gave rise to this stage in life. The movements are: Youth movement, Technology revolution, Sexual revolution and women´s movement. The factor that has revolutionized manufacturing and has been crucial is the technology revolution. It helped others be aware that education is essential, it has also spread rapidly to all the world.\n\nWhy Does It Take so Long to Grow Up Today?\n\nIn a 2015 TED talk titled \"Why Does It Take So Long To Grow Up Today?\", Arnett detailed four revolutions that have led to an increase in the age of adulthood and have contributed to the emergence of his new stage of emerging adulthood. These are the technology and sexual revolutions, the Women's Movement, and the Youth Movement.\n\nThe technology revolution details moving away from a manufacturing economy and embracing a knowledge economy. Arnett argues that a significant share of the job market is dominated by the information and technology industry. Jobs in these fields are specialized and require more education. Arnett states that this increased emphasis on continuing education has led to a delay in completing other benchmarks of adulthood, such as marriage.\n\nThe sexual revolution is defined by the increase in the age of marriage, but in the decrease in the age of sexual experience. Arnett theorizes that the invention of birth control pills and more efficient contraceptives have resulted in a separation of sex and marriage. This means that young people spend much more time in sexual relationships that do not result in marriage. The goal of prolonging youth and holding onto the wild and fun era of life added to the decrease in age for sexual experiences.\n\nThe Women's Movement has led to an increase in the age that women begin seeking out a marital partner. This increase is a result of increased work and education opportunities for women. Arnett states that women are being considered for more employment positions in fields that have historically been open only to men. These increased opportunities have led to more women spending their 20s pursuing their education and their careers, and thus delaying marriage and childbearing.\n\nThe Youth Movement is an attitude of delaying getting older by trying to prolong youth. According to Arnett, youth are not in a rush to adulthood and are thus reaching milestones at older ages. As parenting styles have become less authoritarian and moved toward permissiveness, the pressure on an adolescent to move out and begin adulthood has minimized. Members of older generations have begun to encourage young people to \"hold onto their youth\", as well.\n\nSome may perceive emerging adulthood as a period of selfish behavior due to its focus on self-exploration. For most emerging adults, this period of their lives is the first time they have been able to have full autonomy and personal freedom. This freedom can lead to reckless behavior as emerging adults explore their new-found independence. For example, many emerging adults participate in heavy drinking and drug use. While these behaviors may create lifelong destructive habits, most emerging adults report feeling \"in control\" and that they have the ability to redirect their lives.\n\nDistinction from young adulthood and adolescence\nArnett suggests that there are a few reasons why the term young adulthood is not fit to describe the developmental period of the late teens and early twenties. First, the term \"young adulthood\" suggests that at this developmental stage, adulthood has already been reached. Arnett states that most people in this developmental stage believe they have not yet reached adulthood. Instead, they believe they are slowly progressing into adulthood, and thus the term \"emerging adulthood\" is much more appropriate.\n\nWhat is more, if the years 18-25 are classified as \"young adulthood,\" Arnett believes that it is then difficult to find an appropriate term for the thirties and that it is nonsensical to combine the late teenage years, twenties, and thirties together because the 18‑25 age period and the thirties are very distinct from one another. He says that while most 18- to 20-year-olds in the United States don't see themselves as adults and are still in the process of obtaining an education, are unmarried, and are childless, most people in their thirties in the United States see themselves as adults, have settled on a career, are married, and have at least one child.\n\nCurrently, it is appropriate to define adolescence as the period spanning ages 10 to 18. This is because people in this age group in the United States typically live at home with their parents, are undergoing pubertal changes, attend middle schools or junior high schools, and are involved in a \"school-based peer culture\". All of these characteristics are no longer normative after the age of 18, and it is therefore considered inappropriate to call the late teenage years and early twenties \"adolescence\" or \"late adolescence\". Furthermore, in the United States, the age of 18 is the age at which people are able to legally vote.\n\nSelected publications\nArnett, J. J. (2010). Adolescence and emerging adulthood: A cultural approach (4th ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall.\nArnett, J. J. (2008). The neglected 95%: Why American psychology needs to become less American. American Psychologist, 63(7), 602–614.\nArnett, J. J. (2008). From \"worm food\" to \"infinite bliss\": Emerging adults' views of life after death. From theory to research (pp. 231–243). PA: Templeton Foundation Press.\nArnett, J. J. (Ed.) (2007). International encyclopedia of adolescence. New York: Routledge.\nArnett, J. J. (Ed.) (2007). Encyclopedia of children, adolescents, and the media. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.\nArnett, J. J. (2007). Adolescence and emerging adulthood: A cultural approach (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.\nArnett, J. J., & Tanner, J. L. (Eds.) (2006). Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century. Washington, DC: American Psychogical Association.\nArnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York: Oxford University Press.\nArnett, J. J. (2002). The psychology of globalization. American Psychologist, 57, 774–783.\nArnett, J. J. (1991). Heavy metal music and reckless behavior among adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 20.6, 573–592.\n\nReferences\n\nClark University faculty\nAmerican psychologists\nDevelopmental psychologists\nLiving people\nMichigan State University alumni\nUniversity of Virginia alumni\nOglethorpe University faculty\nUniversity of Missouri faculty\nUniversity of Maryland, College Park faculty\nYear of birth missing (living people)" ]

[ "Julian Assange", "Personal life", "When was he born?", "1951", "Where was he born?", "Townsville, Queensland,", "What other countries if any did he visit?", "had lived in over thirty Australian towns", "What did he do before adulthood?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Benjamin Smyth (20 June 1838 – 5 October 1906) was an English first-class cricketer who played one first-class match for Kent County Cricket Club in 1858.\n\nSmyth was born in Calcutta in British India but seems to have lived most of his life in Stockwell, close to The Oval, the home of Surrey County Cricket Club. He was educated at Wimbledon Common. Five of his six siblings were also born in India and it is possible that his father was a member of the Indian Civil Service.\n\nLittle is known of Smyth's life, although it is believed that he was a member of Surrey County Cricket Club. It is not known how he came to play for Kent in the only cricket match in which he has been identified - a match against Sussex at Hove in which he scored a single run and did not bowl.\n\nIt is unclear how Smyth made his living - possibly as a solicitor, although by 1891 he was considered to be independently wealthy. He appears to have married but there is no record of whether he had any children. Smyth died at Clapham in 1906 aged 68.\n\nReferences\n\nEnglish cricketers\nKent cricketers\n1838 births\n1906 deaths", "John August Kusche (1869 – 1934) was a renowned botanist and entomologist, and he discovered many new species of moths and butterflies. The plant of the aster family, Erigeron kuschei is named in his honor.\n\nNotable discoveries \n\nIn 1928, Kusche donated to the Bishop Museum 164 species of Lepidoptera he collected on Kauai between 1919 and 1920. Of those, 55 species had not previously been recorded on Kauai and 6 were new to science, namely Agrotis stenospila, Euxoa charmocrita, Plusia violacea, Nesamiptis senicula, Nesamiptis proterortha and Scotorythra crocorrhoa.\n\nThe Essig Museum of Entomology lists 26 species collected by Kusche from California, Baja California, Arizona, Alaska and on the Solomon Islands.\n\nEarly life \nHis father's name was Johann Karl Wilhelm Kusche, he remarried in 1883 to Johanna Susanna Niesar. He had three siblings from his father (Herman, Ernst and Pauline) and four half siblings from her second marriage (Bertha, Wilhelm, Heinrich and Reinhold. There were two other children from this marriage, which died young and whom were not recorded). His family were farmers, while he lived with them, in Kreuzburg, Germany.\n\nHis siblings quickly accustomed themselves to their new mother, however August, the eldest, did not get on easily with her. He attended a gardening school there in Kreuzburg. He left at a relatively young age after unintentionally setting a forest fire. \"One day on a walk through Kreuzburg forest, he unintentionally caused a huge forest fire. Fearing jail, he fled from home and somehow made it to America.\"\n\nHe wrote letters back to his family, urging them to come to America. His father eventually did, sometime shortly after February 1893. His father started a homestead in Brownsville, Texas. Yellow fever broke out and his father caught it. He managed to survive, while many did not, leaving him a sick old man in his mid-fifties. He wrote to August, who was then living it Prescott, Arizona, asking for money. August wrote back, saying \"Dear father, if you are out of money, see to it that you go back to Germany as soon as possible. Without any money here, you are lost,\" \n\nAugust didn't have any money either, and had been hoping to borrow money from his father. If he had wanted to visit him, then he would have had to make the trip on foot.\n\nWhen August arrived in America, he got a job as a gardener on a Pennsylvania farm. He had an affair with a Swiss woman, which resulted in a child. August denied being the child's father, but married her anyway. He went west, on horseback, and had his horse stolen by Native Americans. He ended up in San Francisco. His family joined him there. By this time he had three sons and a daughter.\n\nAfter his children grew up, he began traveling and collecting moths and butterflies.\n\nLater life \nHe traveled to the South Seas where he collected moths and butterflies. There he caught a terrible fever that very nearly killed him. He was picked up by a government ship in New Guinea, and was unconscious until he awoke in a San Francisco hospital. After that time he had hearing loss and lost all of his teeth. His doctor told him not to take any more trips to Alaska, and this apparently helped his condition.\n\nIn 1924 he lived in San Diego. He had taken a trip to Alaska just before this date. He worked as a gardener in California for nine years (1915–1924) where he died of stomach cancer.\n\nReferences \n\n19th-century German botanists\n1869 births\n1934 deaths\n20th-century American botanists\nGerman emigrants to the United States" ]

[ "Isadora Duncan", "Death" ]

[ "Elizabeth Duncan (1871–1948) was an American dancer and dance teacher from California who spent much of her life in Germany and the Soviet Union. The elder sister of Isadora Duncan, she dedicated her life to improving dance education and honoring of her sister's legacy. Elizabeth Duncan operated Isadora Duncan's schools during the latter's life.\n\nLife and career \n\nElizabeth Duncan was the oldest child of Joseph Charles Duncan (1819–1898), a banker, and Mary Isadora Gray (1849–1922). Her younger siblings were Augustin Duncan, Raymond Duncan, and Isadora Duncan. Joseph Duncan was involved in illegal dealings, after which the couple divorced and the family became impoverished. The Duncans taught dance lessons to children in Oakland to earn extra income. Elizabeth Duncan is largely credited with teaching Isadora in their youth, and it was during this time that Isadora developed her style of modern dance and Elizabeth developed her pedagogical style.\n\nThe sisters opened their first school in Europe in 1904. Elizabeth then opened a school in Darmstadt in 1911, which relocated to the Hudson Valley area in 1915, to Potsdam in 1921, Salzburg in 1925 until 1935, (Paris in 1930), Munich in 1935, back to Salzburg in 1945, and back to Munich until Duncan’s death. Elizabeth attempted a career in performance and had moderate success, but found that her passion lay in teaching. She believed that one could not separate art and life, and thus required both intellectual and physical rigor from her students.\n\nElizabeth Duncan was the original teacher of the Isadorables, six students she hand-picked to study under her sister, who later adopted the six. Both sisters were concerned with mounting violence in Europe in 1914, which prompted their brief relocation, along with the Isadorables, to the United States. While there, Elizabeth advocated for bringing children orphaned by World War I to America for education. She wrote in a letter to the editor in The New York Times that it was necessary to “attack the problem of race hygiene at its very foundation”.\n\nElizabeth Duncan and her sister Isadora were often estranged and had disagreements about Isadora’s temperament and choices. The sisters shared a love of dance and Grecian art; Elizabeth frequently wore togas and sandals. Although hard to assess, it appears that Elizabeth handled the finances of all of Isadora's schools, and would send the dancer money while she was on tour. After Isadora’s death, she continued to dedicate her life to her sister’s work, continuing to establish schools and ultimately a foundation honoring the Duncan legacy.\n\nIn popular culture \nMany depictions of Isadora's life include that of her sister. Elizabeth Duncan is a narrator in Amelia Gray's novel Isadora (2017).\n\nReferences \n\n1871 births\n1948 deaths\n20th-century American dancers\nAmerican expatriates in Germany\nAmerican expatriates in the Soviet Union\nAmerican female dancers\nArtists from San Francisco\nDance teachers\nDancers from California\nSchool founders\n20th-century American women", "Isadora is a ballet created for the Royal Ballet by Kenneth MacMillan to music by Richard Rodney Bennett with a scenario by Gillian Freeman, based on the life and dance of Isadora Duncan.\n\nIn following the life of Isadora Duncan, the title role is taken jointly by a ballerina and by an actress, whose spoken text is drawn from sections of the memoirs of Duncan. Following the initial run at Covent Garden and performances New York, the ballet was not seen until revised in consultation with MacMillan's widow, and revived by the company in 2009. The scenario in the ballet concentrates on the dramatic events in Duncan's personal life and her relationships with four of her partners. \n\nThe first performance of Isadora was at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden on 30 April 1981 with Merle Park in the title role. Designs were by Barry Kay.\n\nThe ballet was featured in the 50th anniversary BBC programme 'Right Royal Company', in May 1981 and was filmed by Granada Television with the original cast and broadcast in 1982, subsequently being issued on DVD in 2011 by Odeon Entertainment, as the accompaniment to the 1968 feature film Isadora.\n\nOriginal cast\n Merle Park – Isadora (dancing)\n Mary Miller – Isadora Duncan (acting role)\n Derek Deane – Oskar Beregi\n Julian Hosking – Edward Gordon Craig\n Derek Rencher – Paris Singer\n Monica Mason – Nursey\n Graham Fletcher – A Sailor\n Laura Connor – Loie Fuller\n Ashley Page – Tango Boy\n Garry Grant – André Caplet\n David Drew – Max Merz\n Ross MacGibbon – Man on the Beach\n Stephen Jefferies – Sergei Esenin\n\nThe original score by Bennett was conducted by Barry Wordsworth.\n\nSee also\n List of historical ballet characters\n\nReferences\n\nBallets by Kenneth MacMillan\nBallets to the music of Richard Rodney Bennett\n1981 ballet premieres\nBallets based on actual events\nCultural depictions of Isadora Duncan\nCultural depictions of Sergei Yesenin" ]

[ "Isadora Duncan", "Death", "What happens with Isadora Duncan and death?", "Her silk scarf, draped around her neck, became entangled around the open-spoked wheels and rear axle," ]

[ "Vela Peeva () (16 March 1922 – 3 May 1944) with the nom de guerre Penka was a communist partisan and activist of the Bulgarian Workers Youth League and the Bulgarian Communist Party during World War II.\n\nEarly life and education\nVela Peeva was born on 16 March 1922 to ethnic Bulgarian parents Peyo and Katerina in the village of Kamenitsa, today a neighbourhood of Velingrad. She has three siblings; older brother and sister Yordana and Todor, and younger sister Gera. As a teenager, as she was a bright student, she was sent to live alone in the city of Pazardzhik to attend a prestigious high school, so as to achieve a better future than was possible in her hometown.\n\nIn 1941, she was accepted at the University of Sofia, where she studied Pedagogy and Geography. However, she did not graduate, as she chose to be a partisan instead.\n\nLife with the Bulgarian Communist Party and death\nIn 1939, Vela joined the Worker's Youth League, a communist organization. In 1943, Vela became a member of the Bulgarian Communist Party and joined an anti-fascist group along with fellow communist partisan Stoyo Kalpazanov and her sister Gera. When Gera fell ill of a cold in 1944, Vela volunteered to take her place in an assignment. The assignment was to collect food from the village of Ladzhene and sneak it up to the partisans in the mountains. After she and Stoyo Kalpazanov had collected the food, they were betrayed on the way back and Stoyo was captured. Vela, seriously wounded, managed to escape and crawl away to a cliff, which she hid under for forty days. A local forest worker brought her food and medicines, and when Vela was just healing, he feared he would be discovered by the fascists and betrayed her. Vela was surrounded by the fascists and is believed to have turned her gun on herself to avoid being captured alive. After her death, the fascists beheaded her body and strode around the nearby villages with Vela's head impaled on a spike.\n\nPost-death\nAfter beheading Vela, the fascists went to Stoyo Kalpazanov's cell and began interrogating him about the whereabouts of the remaining partisans. However, he remained loyal to them and refused to give any information. He was shot for this.\n\nFollowing Vela's death, she was named a Bulgarian national heroine by the communists and her birthplace was turned into a museum. Her sister, Gera, who had meant to take her place in the anti-fascist activities, wrote a book about her years after her death.\n\nReferences\n\n1922 births\n1944 deaths\nBulgarian communists\nPeople from Velingrad\nBulgarian resistance members\n1944 suicides\nSuicides by firearm\nFemale anti-fascists\nSuicides in Bulgaria", "\"Rendezvous in a Dark Place\" is the sixtieth episode and the twenty-fifth episode of the third season (1988–89) of the television series The Twilight Zone.\n\nOpening narration\n\nPlot\nBarbara LeMay, an elderly but seemingly mindful woman, gets great joy out of attending funerals even those of people she does not know. As she leaves a funeral one day, the priest is befuddled after she reveals she did not know the deceased but \"it was still a very lovely service.\" As Barbara discusses the last service she attended with her son Jason he becomes upset and claims that it is wrong of her to continue attending strangers' funerals. She goes on dreamily about the funeral and planning her own and Jason claims she revels in talking about death. However, he tells her that he loves her and wants her to see his children grow up. She reassures Jason everything will be okay and he leaves for his flight.\n\nLater that night, a storm moves into the area and a man named Trent breaks into Barbara's home. He is injured and bleeding. After he passes out, Barbara tries to comfort him and learns that he is the criminal who robbed a local liquor store. She thinks he is dying and he begs her not to take him to the hospital but requests that he would not like to die alone. Soon, another man enters the room who reveals himself to be Death. Barbara is excited and talks excessively about seeing him before and knowing him so well. Then she begs Death to take her instead of Trent, as she poetically espouses her knowledge of him. Death denies her and tells her that he cannot take a life where there is none, because she embraces him while others run from him. So, Death takes Trent and leaves in an instant.\n\nAfter the police arrive, Barbara decides to await Death once again and he arrives and tries to comfort her. She attempts to explain why she embraces him and because he took all that she loved, she became jealous and her love transferred to him. It's just the way of the universe, he claims, and while she acknowledges this, she realizes there is something else. In the end, Death is all anyone has. After her husband died, she considered suicide. Death offers his hand and he takes her where she is \"most needed.\" They appear in a hospital, where Barbara, now dressed in black, goes to a man who is dying and offers him comfort, taking him just as Death had taken Trent. Death commends her on a job well done.\n\nClosing narration\n\nThemes\nThis episode is a reversal, but similar to the original series episode \"Nothing in the Dark\", starring Robert Redford and Gladys Cooper, where an old woman is convinced she knows \"Mr. Death\" when she sees him and can stay alive as long as she keeps everyone out of her tiny apartment and never goes out.\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1989 American television episodes\nThe Twilight Zone (1985 TV series season 3) episodes\nTelevision episodes about personifications of death\n\nfr:Un rendez-vous tant attendu" ]

[ "Isadora Duncan", "Death", "What happens with Isadora Duncan and death?", "Her silk scarf, draped around her neck, became entangled around the open-spoked wheels and rear axle,", "when did her death take place?", "Desti brought Duncan to the hospital, where she was pronounced dead." ]

[ "Thomas Duncan may refer to:\n Thomas Duncan (general) (1819–1887), United States Army general during the Civil War\n Thomas Duncan (Canadian politician) (died 1910), politician in Manitoba, Canada\n Thomas Duncan (painter) (1807–1845), Scottish portraitist and historical painter\n Thomas Duncan (American politician) (1893–1959), Milwaukee Socialist senator and representative\n Thomas Young Duncan (1836–1914), New Zealand Liberal Party politician\n Thomas William Duncan (1905–1987), US writer\n Thomas Eric Duncan (1972–2014), first person to die of Ebola in the United States\n Tommy Duncan (1911–1967), American musician\n Tommy Duncan (footballer) (born 1936), Scottish footballer and manager\n\nSee also", "The Massacre is the sixth studio album by Scottish hardcore punk band The Exploited, released in 1990 through Rough Justice. It is the second crossover thrash album by The Exploited and is the band's most successful album so far.\n\nThe intro was taken from the 1978 movie Faces of Death.\n\nTrack listing\nAll songs written by Wattie Buchan, except for where noted.\n \"The Massacre\" (Buchan, Campbell, Duncan, McCormack) – 3:03\n \"Sick Bastard\" – 4:05\n \"Porno Slut\" – 3:15\n \"Now I'm Dead\" – 3:45\n \"Boys in Blue\" – 3:58\n \"Dog Soldier\" – 3:05\n \"Don't Pay the Poll Tax\" – 4:25\n \"Fuck Religion\" – 3:12\n \"About to Die\" (Buchan, Campbell, Duncan, McCormack) – 3:30\n \"Blown Out of the Sky\" – 4:21\n \"Police Shit\" – 3:54\n \"Stop the Slaughter\" – 3:40\n2005 CD reissue bonus tracks\n \"Scaling the Derry Walls\" (live) – 2:09\n \"The Massacre\" (live) – 1:58\n \"About to Die\" (live) – 3:05\n \"Death Before Dishonour\" (live) – 2:12\n\nPersonnel\nThe Exploited\nWattie Buchan – vocals\nGogs – guitar\nSmeeks – bass, vocals\nTony – drums\nwith:\nThe Driffield Lager Louts – backing vocals\nEngineered by Colin Richardson\nProduced by Wattie Buchan\nIllustration by Terry Oakes\n\nReferences\n\n1990 albums\nThe Exploited albums\nAlbums produced by Colin Richardson" ]

[ "Isadora Duncan", "Death", "What happens with Isadora Duncan and death?", "Her silk scarf, draped around her neck, became entangled around the open-spoked wheels and rear axle,", "when did her death take place?", "Desti brought Duncan to the hospital, where she was pronounced dead.", "Where did Duncan die?", "Duncan was hurled in an extraordinary manner from an open automobile in which she was riding and instantly killed by the force of her fall to the stone pavement.\"" ]

[ "Thelma Myrtle Duncan was an American playwright who advocated for the National Negro Theatre and who was influential during the Black Renaissance in DC.\n\nBiography\nDuncan was born in St. Louis, Missouri. She was raised by Samuel L. Duncan and Addie Duncan. Duncan began studying music at Howard University on October 1, 1920. While at Howard, she studied under Thomas Montgomery Gregory, who helped her to develop her talents. As a student, Duncan wrote a play, \"The Death Dance,\" in 1921 which was later published in Plays of Negro Life in 1927. The play was edited by Gregory and Alain Locke and was one of the earliest productions of the Howard Players, the drama troupe at Howard University. Duncan graduated from Howard with a degree in music.\n\nAfter graduating from Howard, Duncan went on to be a music teacher in North Carolina, which she did not enjoy. In 1930, Duncan wrote one of her most popular plays, Sacrifice, in which she attempted to change white opinion and black morality. The play followed a character named Roy, who forfeited his good name and college scholarship to protect his friend Billy's reputation after Billy stole a chemistry exam. In 1932, Duncan moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico and worked on a novel, Ham’s Children.\n\nIn 1932, Duncan married a man with the last name Brown.\n\nWorks\n\"The Death Dance\"\n\"Sacrifice\"\n\"Drifter: One-Act Play of Lower Negro Life\"\n\"Jinda\"\n\"Payment\"\n\"The Scarlet Shawl\" (c. 1920)\n\"The Witch Woman\"\n\"Hard Times\"\n\"Black Magic\"\n\nReferences\n\nAmerican women dramatists and playwrights\n20th-century American women writers\n20th-century American dramatists and playwrights\n1902 births\nYear of death missing", "Polycyathus is a genus of small corals in the order Scleractinia, the stony corals. Most species occur in the Pacific Ocean.\n\nSpecies\nSpecies in the genus include:\n Polycyathus andamanensis Alcock, 1893\n Polycyathus atlanticus Duncan, 1876\n Polycyathus chaishanensis Lin et al., 2012\n Polycyathus difficilis Duncan, 1889\n Polycyathus fulvus Wijsman-Best, 1970\n Polycyathus furanaensis Verheij & Best, 1987\n Polycyathus fuscomarginatus (Klunzinger, 1879)\n Polycyathus hodgsoni Verheij & Best, 1987\n Polycyathus hondaensis (Durham & Barnard, 1952)\n Polycyathus isabela Wells, 1982\n Polycyathus marigondoni Verheij & Best, 1987\n Polycyathus mayae Cairns, 2000\n Polycyathus muellerae (Abel, 1959)\n Polycyathus norfolkensis Cairns, 1995\n Polycyathus octuplus Cairns, 1999\n Polycyathus palifera (Verrill, 1869)\n Polycyathus persicus (Duncan, 1876)\n Polycyathus senegalensis Chevalier, 1966\n Polycyathus verrilli Duncan, 1889\n\nReferences\n\nCaryophylliidae\nScleractinia genera" ]

[ "Isadora Duncan", "Death", "What happens with Isadora Duncan and death?", "Her silk scarf, draped around her neck, became entangled around the open-spoked wheels and rear axle,", "when did her death take place?", "Desti brought Duncan to the hospital, where she was pronounced dead.", "Where did Duncan die?", "Duncan was hurled in an extraordinary manner from an open automobile in which she was riding and instantly killed by the force of her fall to the stone pavement.\"", "Where did Duncan's death occur?", "At her death, Duncan was a Soviet citizen. Her will was the first of a Soviet citizen to be probated in the U.S." ]

[ "Julia Levien (October 9, 1911 – September 3, 2006) was an American dancer, dance teacher, and choreographer. She was an expert on the dances of Isadora Duncan and taught Duncan's style of dance. She was a dance pupil of Isadora's daughter Anna Duncan, and founded the Duncan Dance Guild in the 1950s and the Duncan Centenary Company in 1977. Levien died at the age of 94 at her home on Roosevelt Island. One of her pupils was dancer Annabelle Gamson.\n\nEducation \nJulia Levien started dancing at a very young age;at around four or five, she heard the piano in movies and when she would hear the piano being played, she thought it was time to dance so she would love to dance to the piano. Levien's family home was a place where Yiddish writers and artists would meet. Her parents would not prohibit her from studying dance but encourage her to study Isadora, and Julia created her own dances. Levien's first teacher was Estelle Harreton, who taught Levien the elements of dance she learned from Isadora Duncan. Around 1920, Levien danced for a class of children whom Harreton had assembled. Levien was nine years old when she started taking dance classes with Harreton in Manhattan. Levien never thought of herself as wanting to become a dancer; she wanted to dance because it was natural.\n\nLevien performed in \"Ave Maria\", which Isadora choreographed. Levien as not raised to be religious but was aware of her Jewish background. Later, in Levien's first performance with Irma Duncan, she had to learn Russian songs and attempted to sing. In 1923, Levien discovered Anna Duncun, who taught at Carnegie Hall, and be involved with Duncan's circle. Levien performed with Anna Duncan at the Lewiston stadium. After Isadora Duncan died in 1927, Irma went to New York with her Russian company; the company later went back to Russia but Irma stayed in New York. Levien was one of the ten dancers who were chosen to replace the Russian dancers. The group was then developed and were called the American Isadora Duncun School and Company.\n\nFor about five years, Levien went on a tour of Cuba and the United States with Irma, and had a pianist perform with the company. Both Anna Duncun and Irma taught Levien a dance must look spontaneous, whether or not the dancer had performed it beforehand.\n\nCareer \nOne of the dancers Julia Levien taught moved to California and was on tour with Alvin Ailey. Ailey could not stop talking about Isadora Duncan because Duncan changed her outlook on dance so she asked Levien if she could perform something for them. Levien said:\n ... the dancers were not absolutely perfect. If you weren't a Duncun dancer, they were true to the choreography. Some of the lines were still a little different because they didn’t get the exact training, in time that could have been erased. I was satisfied with this experience. Moved on to the next aspect of that and this seemed to serve that. In the beginning it was very difficult. Some were willing to work but some were thinking they were too good for the style, or in other words, 'thought they already were Isadora'. Then they were surprised that it is a big deal to learn and to unlearn.\n\nWhen she was 50, Levien had to transmute herself because she could not do anything Isadora Duncan did in a small way. She believed at this point in life it is important for young dancers to have experience of Duncan and her practice. During the 1950s, Levien formed a company called the Duncun Guild with Hortense and Gemze DeLappe. Duncan's techniques were well portrayed in that time and movement. Levien taught and coached there for many years. Levien later married and moved to Far Rockaway, where she raised a son named Elliot, and continued to perform and teach. Levien died at the age of 94 in 2006 while she was still teaching, coaching and performing the Duncan style.\n\nFamily \nJulia Levien was the daughter of Russian parents, both of whom were Jewish intellectual immigrants and were involved in the arts, including music, dance, poetry and theater; and were also Yiddish literature writers. They went to America as young adults. Her father worked in a theater.\n\nReferences\n\n1911 births\n2006 deaths\nAmerican choreographers\nAmerican female dancers\nModern dancers\nAmerican women choreographers\nPlace of birth missing\n20th-century American dancers\n20th-century American women\n21st-century American women", "Johnny Richard Duncan (October 5, 1938 – August 14, 2006) was an American country music singer, best known for a string of hits in the mid- to late 1970s. In his career, he released 14 studio albums, including thirteen on Columbia Records. These albums produced more than 30 chart singles, with three of those reaching number one: \"Thinkin' of a Rendezvous\", \"It Couldn't Have Been Any Better\", and \"She Can Put Her Shoes Under my Bed (Anytime)\" from 1976, 1977, and 1978, respectively. Seven more of his singles were top-10 hits.\n\nBiography\nDuncan was born in Dublin, Texas, United States. Before he went to Nashville, Duncan attended Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas. He then spent a few years in Clovis, New Mexico.\n\nEarly life and influences\nDuncan's early life was steeped in West Texas music. He picked this up naturally as a boy listening to his mother play rhythm guitar in his uncle's country band. Later, he began sharpening his vocal skills, influenced by his early idols Eddy Arnold, Perry Como, Jim Reeves, and Frank Sinatra. He was born into a musical family. He was proud of his talented cousins, including Eddie Seals, Jimmy Seals of Seals & Crofts, and country singer Dan Seals. \"He knew when he was 12 years old that playing music and singing songs was going to be his life\", said his wife, Connie Duncan.\n\n\"He grew up here in a small country town and loved music\", Jim Harrell said. \"His mother played herself and a lot of his cousins played with him.\" (Jim Harrell, owner and funeral director of Harrell Funeral Home in Dublin, which handled arrangements for his funeral)\n\nAfter playing and singing with his musically gifted family for a few years, he auditioned demos in April 1959 for Norman Petty in Clovis. Petty recognized his talent as a gifted songwriter, and Duncan was signed to Leader Records, a subsidiary of the Kapp Records label. After three US singles and one UK release between 1959 and 1962 saw little action, Duncan grew tired of the intent to market him as a pop vocalist, and he decided to pursue the country genre and moved to Nashville.\n\nDuncan wrote many songs recorded by artists such as Charley Pride, Marty Robbins, Chet Atkins, Conway Twitty, and Jim Ed Brown.\n\nCareer\nIn Franklin, Tennessee, Duncan worked as a DJ and performed on local morning TV shows. He began to record for Columbia Records in the late 1960s. Between 1967 and 1973, Duncan's recordings never reached the top 20 until \"Sweet Country Woman\" entered at number six.\n\nIn the 1970s, Duncan performed duets with Janie Fricke, many of which were successful. Their songs \"Stranger\" and \"Thinking of a Rendezvous\" (both 1976), \"It Couldn't Have Been Any Better\" (1977), and \"Come A Little Bit Closer\" (1978, a remake of the song first made popular by Jay and the Americans) were the most successful. \"Thinking of a Rendezvous\" and \"It Couldn't Have Been Any Better\" both went to No. 1number one on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart, as did Duncan's solo 1978 single \"She Can Put Her Shoes Under My Bed Anytime\".\n\nDuncan's string of top-10 hits continued into 1979 – most notably a cover of Johnny Rivers' \"Swayin' to the Music\" (released by Duncan as \"Slow Dancing\") and \"The Lady in the Blue Mercedes\" – and he even enjoyed another top-20 hit with Fricke in 1980 with a duet version of Michael Jackson's \"She's Out of My Life\". His star power faded in the early 1980s with changing musical tastes, although his biggest songs were popular on country radio through the late 1980s and early 1990s.\n\nPersonal life and death\nDuncan died of a heart attack on August 14, 2006, at the age of 67. Duncan has three daughters: Angela, Lezlie and Lori with his first wife, Betty Deisher, and his son John “Ike” Duncan with wife Connie Duncan, who survived him.\n\nDiscography\n\nStudio albums\n\nCompilation albums\n\nSingles\n\nA\"A Song in the Night\" also peaked at No. 5 on Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nJohnny Duncan Music\n\n1938 births\n2006 deaths\nAmerican country singer-songwriters\nAmerican male singer-songwriters\nColumbia Records artists\nPeople from Dublin, Texas\nTexas Christian University alumni\n20th-century American singers\nSinger-songwriters from Texas\nCountry musicians from Texas\n20th-century American male singers" ]

[ "Isadora Duncan", "Death", "What happens with Isadora Duncan and death?", "Her silk scarf, draped around her neck, became entangled around the open-spoked wheels and rear axle,", "when did her death take place?", "Desti brought Duncan to the hospital, where she was pronounced dead.", "Where did Duncan die?", "Duncan was hurled in an extraordinary manner from an open automobile in which she was riding and instantly killed by the force of her fall to the stone pavement.\"", "Where did Duncan's death occur?", "At her death, Duncan was a Soviet citizen. Her will was the first of a Soviet citizen to be probated in the U.S.", "Did Duncan have any family when she died?", "Duncan was cremated, and her ashes were placed next to those of her children" ]

[ "Alice Monkton Duncan-Kemp (1901–1988) was an Australian writer and Indigenous rights activist.\n\nBorn on 3 June 1901 at Charleville, Queensland, Duncan-Kemp was the daughter of William and Laura Duncan (née Davis). She grew up on a leasehold property west of Windorah with her two sisters. Her only brother died in 1903 and her father in 1907, leaving his widow to raise three girls. She elected to remain on the remote property, raising cattle with the assistance of local Aborigines, hired hands and, when they were old enough, Duncan-Kemp and her two sisters.\n\nEducated at home for many years, she completed her schooling at Spreydon College in Toowoomba as a boarder.\n\nShe married New Zealander Frederick Clifford Kemp in November 1923 in Longreach with whom she had five children. Previously a grazier, her husband moved into banking and the family moved around rural Queensland with him.\n\nWell ahead of her time, she believed that \"Aborigines were the true owners of the land\" and understood the devastating effect that white settlement had had on them.\n\nDuncan-Kemp retired to Oakey in Queensland and died there on 4 January 1988. Her husband predeceased her and she was survived by a daughter and two sons, a daughter and son having also died before her.\n\nWorks \n\n Our Sandhill Country (1933) memoir\n Where Strange Paths Go Down (1952)\n Our Channel Country (1961)\n Where Strange Gods Call (1968)\n\nReferences \n\n1901 births\n1988 deaths\n20th-century Australian women writers\nAustralian indigenous rights activists\nWriters from Queensland", "Julia Levien (October 9, 1911 – September 3, 2006) was an American dancer, dance teacher, and choreographer. She was an expert on the dances of Isadora Duncan and taught Duncan's style of dance. She was a dance pupil of Isadora's daughter Anna Duncan, and founded the Duncan Dance Guild in the 1950s and the Duncan Centenary Company in 1977. Levien died at the age of 94 at her home on Roosevelt Island. One of her pupils was dancer Annabelle Gamson.\n\nEducation \nJulia Levien started dancing at a very young age;at around four or five, she heard the piano in movies and when she would hear the piano being played, she thought it was time to dance so she would love to dance to the piano. Levien's family home was a place where Yiddish writers and artists would meet. Her parents would not prohibit her from studying dance but encourage her to study Isadora, and Julia created her own dances. Levien's first teacher was Estelle Harreton, who taught Levien the elements of dance she learned from Isadora Duncan. Around 1920, Levien danced for a class of children whom Harreton had assembled. Levien was nine years old when she started taking dance classes with Harreton in Manhattan. Levien never thought of herself as wanting to become a dancer; she wanted to dance because it was natural.\n\nLevien performed in \"Ave Maria\", which Isadora choreographed. Levien as not raised to be religious but was aware of her Jewish background. Later, in Levien's first performance with Irma Duncan, she had to learn Russian songs and attempted to sing. In 1923, Levien discovered Anna Duncun, who taught at Carnegie Hall, and be involved with Duncan's circle. Levien performed with Anna Duncan at the Lewiston stadium. After Isadora Duncan died in 1927, Irma went to New York with her Russian company; the company later went back to Russia but Irma stayed in New York. Levien was one of the ten dancers who were chosen to replace the Russian dancers. The group was then developed and were called the American Isadora Duncun School and Company.\n\nFor about five years, Levien went on a tour of Cuba and the United States with Irma, and had a pianist perform with the company. Both Anna Duncun and Irma taught Levien a dance must look spontaneous, whether or not the dancer had performed it beforehand.\n\nCareer \nOne of the dancers Julia Levien taught moved to California and was on tour with Alvin Ailey. Ailey could not stop talking about Isadora Duncan because Duncan changed her outlook on dance so she asked Levien if she could perform something for them. Levien said:\n ... the dancers were not absolutely perfect. If you weren't a Duncun dancer, they were true to the choreography. Some of the lines were still a little different because they didn’t get the exact training, in time that could have been erased. I was satisfied with this experience. Moved on to the next aspect of that and this seemed to serve that. In the beginning it was very difficult. Some were willing to work but some were thinking they were too good for the style, or in other words, 'thought they already were Isadora'. Then they were surprised that it is a big deal to learn and to unlearn.\n\nWhen she was 50, Levien had to transmute herself because she could not do anything Isadora Duncan did in a small way. She believed at this point in life it is important for young dancers to have experience of Duncan and her practice. During the 1950s, Levien formed a company called the Duncun Guild with Hortense and Gemze DeLappe. Duncan's techniques were well portrayed in that time and movement. Levien taught and coached there for many years. Levien later married and moved to Far Rockaway, where she raised a son named Elliot, and continued to perform and teach. Levien died at the age of 94 in 2006 while she was still teaching, coaching and performing the Duncan style.\n\nFamily \nJulia Levien was the daughter of Russian parents, both of whom were Jewish intellectual immigrants and were involved in the arts, including music, dance, poetry and theater; and were also Yiddish literature writers. They went to America as young adults. Her father worked in a theater.\n\nReferences\n\n1911 births\n2006 deaths\nAmerican choreographers\nAmerican female dancers\nModern dancers\nAmerican women choreographers\nPlace of birth missing\n20th-century American dancers\n20th-century American women\n21st-century American women" ]

[ "Isadora Duncan", "Death", "What happens with Isadora Duncan and death?", "Her silk scarf, draped around her neck, became entangled around the open-spoked wheels and rear axle,", "when did her death take place?", "Desti brought Duncan to the hospital, where she was pronounced dead.", "Where did Duncan die?", "Duncan was hurled in an extraordinary manner from an open automobile in which she was riding and instantly killed by the force of her fall to the stone pavement.\"", "Where did Duncan's death occur?", "At her death, Duncan was a Soviet citizen. Her will was the first of a Soviet citizen to be probated in the U.S.", "Did Duncan have any family when she died?", "Duncan was cremated, and her ashes were placed next to those of her children", "How old was Duncan when she died?", "I don't know." ]

[ "\"Duncan and Brady\", also known as \"Been on the Job Too Long\", \"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star\", or simply \"Brady\", is a traditional murder ballad about the shooting of a policeman, Brady, by a bartender, Duncan. The song's lyrics stemmed from actual events, involving the shooting of James Brady in the Charles Starkes Saloon in St. Louis, Missouri. Harry Duncan was convicted of the murder, and later executed. Originally recorded by Wilmer Watts & his Lonely Eagles in 1929, it has been recorded numerous times, most famously by Lead Belly, also by Judy Henske, Dave Van Ronk, The Johnson Mountain Boys, New Riders of the Purple Sage, David Nelson Band, and Bob Dylan.\n\nOrigins \nLyrics to the song, including the main characters Duncan and Brady, originated from a barroom shooting in St. Louis, Missouri. On October 6, 1890, several police officers, including James Brady, arrived at the Charles Starkes Saloon in downtown St. Louis, where a bar fight was taking place. The officers tried to arrest patrons of the bar suspected of starting the fight, which prompted a gunfight. Brady was shot by an unknown man, supposedly by the bar's owner, Charles Starkes. Harry Duncan claimed such when he was arrested for Brady's murder; Starkes denied the claim. Duncan was convicted and was sentenced to hang, but through several appeals, the case made its way to the Supreme Court. However, this appeal was denied, and Duncan was hanged on July 27, 1894. It was rumored that Charles Starkes later confessed to the murder on his deathbed.\n\nHowever, a Mrs. Tom Barrett (or Barret), a resident of Marlin, Texas, wrote to folklorist Dorothy Scarborough about the song's lyrics and origins. She identified Waco as the scene of the shooting, although she did not specify whether or not it occurred in a bar. The song may bear a close relation to the tune of the traditional Negro ballad \"Bad Man Ballad\".\n\nLyrics\n\"Duncan and Brady\" is a typical \"bad man\" murder ballad, such as \"Frankie and Johnny\" or \"Stagger Lee\". The song begins with Brady, a policeman, riding around in an electric car, with a \"mean look in his eye\", looking to \"shoot somebody just to see him die\". He walks into a bar, which Duncan is tending, and arrests him. Duncan then shoots Brady, and Brady then dies. However, in the next verse, Brady is told that he \"knew he done wrong\", because he was,\n\nWalkin' in the room when the game was goin' on\nKnockin down windows, breakin' down the door\n\nWomen hear of the death of Brady and all dress in red. In a second variation recorded by Lead Belly, there is also mention of Brady's wife, who expects to get a pension from his death.\n\nIt's interesting to note that even though the detailed news article and lyrics from Leadbelly and others identify Brady as the policeman and Duncan as the civilian, Wilmer Watts who first recorded the song places the star on Duncan's chest:\n\nBrady was a worker on the telephone wire\nLong come Duncan with a shining star\n\nWilmer Watts was born and lived in North Carolina and only recorded for Paramount in Chicago in 1929. The Duncan and Brady incident happened in 1890. Therefore, it is likely Watts heard the story or the song after it had passed through many singers.\n\nRecordings\n\nFootnotes\n\nExternal links \n Lyrics of Bob Dylan's and Lead Belly's versions\n\nBob Dylan songs\nLead Belly songs\nTraditional ballads\nMurder ballads", "Quite Interesting Limited is a British research company, most notable for providing the research for the British television panel game QI (itself an abbreviation of Quite Interesting) and the Swedish version Intresseklubben, as well as other QI–related programmes and products. The company founder and chairman is John Lloyd, the creator and producer of QI, and host of the radio panel game The Museum of Curiosity, which also uses Quite Interesting Limited for its research. John Mitchinson is the company's director and also works as head of research for QI.\n\nAbout\nLloyd founded Quite Interesting Limited in 1999. It is claimed that the idea of founding the company came on Christmas Eve 1993. According to his profile on QI.com, \"he came to the sudden and alarming realisation that he didn't really know anything. Changing gear again, he started reading books for the first time since he was 17. To his horror, he discovered that he hadn't been paying attention and, with painful slowness, unearthed the closely guarded secret that the universe is astoundingly quite interesting.\"\n\nThe philosophy of the company is that it claims that there are four primal drives: food, sex, shelter and curiosity. Out of these, curiosity is supposedly the most important because, \"unlike the other three drives, it is what makes us uniquely human.\" The company claims that, \"Whatever is interesting we are interested in. Whatever is not interesting, we are even more interested in. Everything is interesting if looked at in the right way.\"\n\nThose who carry out research are known as the \"QI Elves\". Notable elves include Justin Pollard and Vitali Vitaliev. They are also responsible for helping to write the questions used on QI. People wishing to become elves are recommended to start by commenting on the forums of the QI website.\n\nProducts\n\nDVDs\n\nBooks\n\nReferences\n\nQI\nCompanies based in Oxford\nBritish companies established in 1999\nPrivately held companies of the United Kingdom" ]

[ "Isadora Duncan", "Death", "What happens with Isadora Duncan and death?", "Her silk scarf, draped around her neck, became entangled around the open-spoked wheels and rear axle,", "when did her death take place?", "Desti brought Duncan to the hospital, where she was pronounced dead.", "Where did Duncan die?", "Duncan was hurled in an extraordinary manner from an open automobile in which she was riding and instantly killed by the force of her fall to the stone pavement.\"", "Where did Duncan's death occur?", "At her death, Duncan was a Soviet citizen. Her will was the first of a Soviet citizen to be probated in the U.S.", "Did Duncan have any family when she died?", "Duncan was cremated, and her ashes were placed next to those of her children", "How old was Duncan when she died?", "I don't know.", "Is there anything interesting about Duncan's death?", "she was almost decapitated by the sudden tightening of the scarf around her neck." ]

[ "The second series of Dancing on Ice aired from 20 January to 17 March 2007 on ITV. It was presented by Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby, and judged by the \"Ice Panel\", consisting of Nicky Slater, Natalia Bestemianova (who replaced Karen Kresge), Jason Gardiner, Karen Barber and Robin Cousins. Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean coached and trained the contestants. In this series, eleven celebrities competed, compared to ten in the first series. The series was won by former rugby star Kyran Bracken, with Melanie Lambert as the professional winner.\n\nJudges and Hosts \n\nIt was announced that Karen Kresge would leave the show for unknown reasons. Then, it was announced that Karen Barber, Robin Cousins, Nicky Slater and Jason Gardiner would return to the show with Natalia Bestemianova replacing Kresge. Schofield and Willoughby announced their returns with Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean. Stephen Mulhern returned to host Dancing On Ice: Defrosted.\n\nCouples\nThe contestants for the second series were:\n\nScoring chart\nRed numbers indicate the lowest score of the week\nGreen numbers indicate the highest score of the week\n indicates the couple that was in the skate off\n indicates the couple that was eliminated\n indicates that the couple won\n indicates that the couple came in second place\n indicates that the couple came in third place\nX indicates the couple who did not skate that week\n\nAverage chart\nThis table only count for dances scored on a traditional 30 points scale.\n\nLive show details\n\nResults summary\nColour key\n\nWeek 1 (20 January)\n\nJudges' votes to save\n Slater: Kay & Fred \n Bestemianova: Kay & Fred\n Gardiner: Foxy & Pam\n Barber: Kay & Fred\n Cousins: Kay & Fred\n\nWeek 2 (27 January)\nRunning order\n\nJudges' votes to save\n Slater: Ulrika & Pavel\n Bestemianova: Ulrika & Pavel\n Gardiner: Ulrika & Pavel\n Barber: Ulrika & Pavel\n Cousins: Ulrika & Pavel\n\nWeek 3 (3 February) (Movies Week)\n\nJudges' votes to save\n Slater: Kay & Fred\n Bestemianova: Kay & Fred\n Gardiner: Kay & Fred\n Barber: Ulrika & Pavel\n Cousins: Kay & Fred\n\nWeek 4 (10 February)\nRunning order\n\nJudges' votes to save\n Slater: Lee & Frankie\n Bestemianova: Lee & Frankie\n Gardiner: Lee & Frankie\n Barber: Lee & Frankie\n Cousins: Lee & Frankie\n\nWeek 5 (17 February)\nTheme: Country Western Night\n\nJudges' votes to save\n Slater: Clare & Andrei\n Bestemianova: Clare & Andrei\n Gardiner: Clare & Andrei\n Barber: Clare & Andrei\n Cousins: Clare & Andrei\n\nWeek 6 (24 February) \n\nJudges' votes to save\n Slater: Duncan & Maria\n Bestemianova: Duncan & Maria\n Gardiner: Lisa & Matt\n Barber: Duncan & Maria\n Cousins: Duncan & Maria\n\nWeek 7 – Props Week (3 March) \n\nJudges' votes to save\n Slater: Clare & Andrei\n Bestemianova: Clare & Andrei\n Gardiner: Clare & Andrei\n Barber: Clare & Andrei\n Cousins: Clare & Andrei\n\nWeek 8 (Semi-finals) \n\nJudges' votes to save\n Slater: Duncan & Maria\n Bestemianova: Duncan & Maria\n Gardiner: Duncan & Maria\n Barber: Duncan & Maria\n Cousins: Duncan & Maria\n\nWeek 9 (Final)\n\nRatings\n\nReferences\n\nSeries 02\n2007 British television seasons", "Elizabeth Ann Duncan (born Hazel Lucille Sinclaira Nigh (1904 in Kansas City, Missouri – August 8, 1962), was an American murderer. She was convicted of orchestrating the murder of her daughter-in-law in 1958. She was the last woman to be executed in California before the United States Supreme Court suspended the death penalty under Furman v. Georgia.\n\nDuncan was convicted of hiring 28-year-old Augustine Baldonado and 23-year-old Luis Moya to murder her daughter-in-law, Olga Duncan, who was seven months pregnant at the time. All three were executed in the gas chamber at San Quentin State Prison on August 8, 1962, the last triple execution in California.\n\nEarly life\nDuncan admitted in court to having been married 10 times. She had been arrested for operating a brothel in San Francisco, and passing bad checks. She had made her son, Frank, the center of her life. She also had a daughter, Patricia, who died at age 15. Under oath, Duncan admitted that she had four children in total, but loved Frank the most.\n\nSon's marriage\nWhen her son Frank threatened to move out of the apartment they shared, Elizabeth attempted suicide via an overdose of pills. During her recovery at Cottage Hospital in Santa Barbara, she was cared for by nurse Olga Kupczyk. Frank dated Kupczyk, then married her on June 20, 1958 after learning that she was pregnant. A furious Elizabeth harassed Olga at work, forcing her to change addresses several times, and even admitted in court to plotting to kidnap Frank \"to try to talk some sense into him. I didn't want to lose Frankie. I couldn't stand life alone and I knew it.\" The couple separated two weeks after they married.\n\nCase\nIn November 1958, Olga Duncan disappeared. Her mother-in-law first drew suspicion when police discovered she had illegally obtained an annulment by hiring a man, Ralph Winterstein, to pose as Frank while she posed as Olga.\n\nNearly a month later, investigators found Olga in the Casitas Pass of Carpinteria. Baldonado confessed that he and Moya had been offered $6,000 by Duncan to kill Olga, then directed the police to the site. According to the coroner and their confession, the two men kidnapped her, beat her with a pistol, strangled her, and buried her in a shallow grave. She may still have been alive when buried. Duncan got his mother's bail reduced from $50,000 to $5,000, then went into hiding. Elias Kupczyk traveled from his home in Benito, Manitoba, but could not bring his daughter's remains back to Canada until her now-missing husband, by law, her next-of-kin, was located.\n\nThe trial began on February 24, 1959. Duncan testified that Moya and Baldonado attempted to blackmail her, refuting the accounts of every witness called by the prosecution, including Moya and Baldonado. Her attorneys then presented the theory that Olga was the victim of a ransom plot. The jury took 4 hours and 51 minutes to find her guilty on March 16, 1959; she was sentenced to death four days later. Frank, Burt M. Henson, and two other attorneys represented her in the appeals process; Henson was appointed by trial judge Charles Blackstock to represent Baldonado and Moya. Governor Pat Brown, an opponent of capital punishment, ultimately allowed the executions to proceed. Right up until the minutes before her execution, Duncan fought to save his mother's life.\n\nPublications\nJim Barrett, Ma Duncan, Pentland Press, 2004\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nScocal.stanford.edu\n\"First woman is executed in the US since 1962\", New York Times, 3 November 1984\nPeople v. Elizabeth Duncan (Murder), Ventura County District Attorney Notable Case\n\n1904 births\n1962 deaths\n20th-century executions by California\n20th-century executions of American people\nAmerican people convicted of murder\nExecuted American people\nExecuted American women\nWomen sentenced to death\nAmerican female murderers\nAmerican female criminals\nPeople convicted of murder by California\nPrisoners sentenced to death by California" ]

[ "Indigenous languages of the Americas", "South America and the Caribbean" ]

[ "\"Give Me Just a Little More Time\" is the debut single for Chairmen of the Board, released in 1970 through Capitol Records on Holland–Dozier–Holland's Invictus Records label.\n\nIt was written and produced by Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, Edward Holland, Jr., and Ron Dunbar. Because of the then still-pending lawsuit against Holland-Dozier-Holland from their former employers, Motown, the trio credited themselves with the pseudonym \"Edythe Wayne\" for this song and many other early Invictus/Hot Wax releases. \"Give Me Just a Little More Time\" features Chairmen of the Board lead singer General Johnson as the narrator, (backed by group members Danny Woods, Harrison Kennedy and Eddie Curtis) begging a sweetheart not to rush intimacy: \"We both want the sweetness in life/ But these things don't come overnight.\"\n\nMembers of Motown's in-house band, The Funk Brothers, who played all of Holland-Dozier-Holland's previous hits, played on this recording as well as many other Invictus/Hot Wax productions.\n\n\"Give Me Just a Little More Time\", backed with \"Since the Days of Pigtails & Fairytales\", peaked at #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States, making it the best-performing of the Chairmen's singles, and the first of the Chairmen's four Billboard Hot 100 Top 40 pop hits. The single also peaked at #8 on the Billboard R&B Singles chart. It sold more than one million copies in the US. The song reached #3 in the UK Singles Chart in September 1970. The first Chairmen of the Board LP, a self-titled release, included the single; after the single's success, the Chairmen of the Board album was reissued as Give Me Just a Little More Time.\n\nIn 1982, American R&B singer Angela Clemmons remade the song and it peaked at #4 on Billboard's Hot Dance Music/Club Play Singles chart.\n\nPersonnel\n\nThe Funk Brothers who played on \"Give Me Just A Little More Time\" included:\n Bass: Bob Babbitt\n Guitarists: Dennis Coffey, Eddie Willis, and Ray Monette\n Keyboards: Johnny Griffith\n Drums: Richard \"Pistol\" Allen\n Percussion: Jack Ashford\n\nChart history\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nKylie Minogue version\n\n\"Give Me Just a Little More Time\" was covered in 1992 by Australian pop singer Kylie Minogue. Minogue's version was featured in a then-current commercial for Accurist watches. It was one of the last tracks to be recorded for her fourth album, Let's Get to It. It peaked at #2 on the UK Singles Chart, assisted by its techno oriented B-side \"Do You Dare?\" and sold 325,000 copies.\n\"Give Me Just a Little More Time\" was later added to Minogue's 1992 compilation album Greatest Hits. Additionally, it is the only song from Let's Get to It to be included on Minogue's career-spanning compilations Ultimate Kylie, The Best of Kylie Minogue and the standard version of Step Back In Time: The Definitive Collection. \"Give Me Just A Little More Time\" was performed in various television shows at the time of release, but it was not included on the Let's Get to It Tour. The first performance of the song in a tour would be on the Anti Tour in 2012. The B-side \"Do You Dare?\" was included on Minogue's Greatest Remixes (Vol. 2), and was mixed on the \"Everything Taboo\" medley on her Showgirl: The Greatest Hits Tour, Showgirl: The Homecoming Tour, and For You, for Me concert tours.\n\nPete Waterman stated:I went to bed, and, and I literally was in bed thinking of all these records that I had in my life [...] I was going through the library mentally thinking, what song would she never have done that we could do that was just a great song. And one of my favorite songs was Chairman of the Board's \"Give Me Just a Little More Time.\"He ran downstairs to his record label to find the track. The song was played to Minogue the next morning.\n\nFormats and track listings\nThese are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \"Give Me Just a Little More Time.\"\n\nUK CD Single (PWCD212)\n \"Give Me Just a Little More Time\" — 3:07\n \"Give Me Just a Little More Time\" (Extended Version) — 4:33\n \"Do You Dare?\" (NRG Mix) — 7:04\n \"Do You Dare?\" (New Rave Mix) — 6:40\n\nUK 7\" Vinyl Single (PWL212)\n \"Give Me Just a Little More Time\" — 3:07\n \"Do You Dare?\" (NRG Edit) — 3:17\n\nUK 12\" Vinyl Single (PWLT212)\n \"Give Me Just a Little More Time\" (Extended Version) — 4:33\n \"Do You Dare?\" (NRG Mix) — 7:04\n \"Do You Dare?\" (New Rave Mix) — 6:40\n\n2009 UK iTunes Bundle & 2018 Digital EP \n \"Give Me Just a Little More Time\" — 3:07\n \"Give Me Just a Little More Time\" (Extended Version) — 4:33\n \"Give Me Just a Little More Time\" (Instrumental) — 3:05\n \"Give Me Just a Little More Time\" (Backing Track) — 3:06\n \"Do You Dare?\" (NRG Mix) — 7:04\n \"Do You Dare?\" (New Rave Mix) — 6:40\n \"Do You Dare?\" (Italia 12\" Mix) — 5:22\n \"Do You Dare?\" (NRG Edit) — 3:17\n \"Do You Dare?\" (New Rave Instrumental) — 6:38\n\nCharts and sales\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nSales\n\nLive Performances\nMinogue performed the song on the following concert tours:\n Showgirl: The Greatest Hits Tour (\"Brrr\" excerpt during the \"Smiley Kylie Medley\")\n Showgirl: The Homecoming Tour (\"Brrr\" excerpt during the \"Everything Taboo Medley\")\n For You, for Me (\"Brrr\" excerpt during the \"Everything Taboo\" Medley\")\n Anti Tour (Performed in London)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nLyrics of this song\n (Chairmen of the Board)\n\n1970 debut singles\n1992 singles\nChairmen of the Board songs\nKylie Minogue songs\nPete Waterman Entertainment singles\nSong recordings produced by Stock Aitken Waterman\nSongs written by Holland–Dozier–Holland\nSong recordings produced by Lamont Dozier\nSong recordings produced by Brian Holland\n1970 songs\nSongs written by Ron Dunbar", "This is a list of the different responsibilities in the water supply and sanitation sector in several Latin American and Caribbean countries. It includes the responsible institutions which set sector policies, agencies of economic regulation and service providers in urban and rural areas. The list can only give a simplified description in many cases due to overlapping responsibilities and/or unclear definitions. For more information on water supply and sanitation in each country, please click the respective country link.\n\nSee also \n Water supply and sanitation in Latin America\n\nWater management authorities \nLatin America" ]

[ "Indigenous languages of the Americas", "South America and the Caribbean", "Can you give me a little more information on South America and the Caribbean?", "South America has a linguistic diversity rivalled by only a few other places in the world with approximately 350 languages still spoken" ]

[ "More than 99.5% of Colombians speak the Spanish language; also 65 Amerindian languages, 2 Creole languages, the Portuguese language and the Romani language are spoken in the country. English has official status in the San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina Islands.\n\nThe overwhelming majority of Colombians speak Spanish (see also Colombian Spanish), but in total 101 languages are listed for Colombia in the Ethnologue database. The specific number of spoken languages varies slightly since some authors consider as different languages what others consider to be varieties or dialects of the same language. Best estimates recorded 71 languages that are spoken in-country today—most of which belong to the Chibchan, Tucanoan, Bora–Witoto, Guajiboan, Arawakan, Cariban, Barbacoan, and Saliban language families. There are currently about 850,000 speakers of native languages.\n\nSixty-five indigenous languages that exist today can be regrouped into 12 language families and 10 language isolates, not yet classified.\n\nThe languages are: the great linguistic family Chibchan, of probable Central American origin; the great South American families Arawakan, Cariban, Quechuan and Tupian; seven families only present at the regional level (Chocó, Guahibo, Saliba, Nadahup, Witoto, Bora, Tucano). The ten isolated languages are: Andoque, Awa Pit, Cofán, Misak, Kamentsá, Páez, Ticuna, Tinigua, Yagua, Yaruro.\n\nThere are also two Creole languages spoken in the country. The first is San Andrés Creole, which is spoken alongside English in the San Andrés, Providencia, and Catalina insular regions of Colombia. It is related to and mutually intelligible with many other English-based Creole languages (also known as Patois/Patwa) spoken in West Indian and Caribbean islands, although San Andres Creole (which is also sometimes called Saint Andrewan or Bende) has had more Spanish influence. San Andrés Creole is also very similar to the creole languages spoken on the caribbean coasts of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, leading some linguists to conclude that they are dialects of the same language.\n\nThe second Creole language is called Palenquero. During the days of Spanish colonization, hundreds of thousands of African slaves were brought to Colombia via the Atlantic Coast. Some of these slaves were able to escape, and many of them fled inland and created walled cities known as palenques. Some of these palenques grew very large, holding hundreds of people, and they all developed their own creole languages, developing similarly to Haitian Creole. In the early 1600s, the King of Spain began sending his armies to crush the palenques and send their inhabitants to slavery. Most of the palenques fell, and their languages went extinct, but with one exception: San Basilio de Palenque. San Basilio successfully repelled Spanish attacks for almost 100 years, until 1721, when it was declared a Free City. Any slave who ran away and successfully made it to San Basilio was considered a free man. The creole language spoken in San Basilio de Palenque is called Palenquero and it has survived to this day. It is still spoken in the city of San Basilio as well as in a few neighborhoods of the nearby major city of Cartagena.\n\nClassification \n\nSome 80 languages of Colombia, grouped into 11 families are classified. Also appear isolated or unclassified languages. Extinct languages are indicated by the sign (†).\n\nSign languages\n Colombian Sign Language\n Providence Island Sign Language\n\nSee also \n\n Antioquian languages\n Colombian Spanish\n\nReferences", "Popoluca is a Nahuatl term for various indigenous peoples of southeastern Veracruz and Oaxaca. Many of them (about 30,000) speak languages of the Mixe–Zoque family. Others speak the unrelated Mazatecan languages, in which case the name in English and Spanish is generally spelled Popoloca.\n\nVarious peoples called Popoluca \nThe Mixe–Zoque languages called Popoluca are,\nMixean\nOluta Popoluca (Olutec Mixe or Olutec)\nSayula Popoluca (Sayultec Mixe or Sayultec)\nZoque\nSan Andrés Tuxtla\nSierra Popoluca (Soteapanec Zoque, Soteapan Zoque, Soteapaneco, or Soteapan Soke)\nTexistepec Popoluca (Texistepec Zoque)\nZoque Popoluca\n\nAmong the Oto-Manguean languages, there are,\n the Popoloca languages, and\n the Popolocan languages, their containing group.\n\nOrigin and current use of the terms \nThe reason for the terms' widespread usage for naming indigenous languages is that they are derogatory words from the Nahuatl language, meaning \"to speak unintelligibly\" or \"babble\". When the Spanish invaders asked their Nahuatl-speaking allies what language was spoken in a particular locality, the Nahuas would reply \"popoloca\" meaning in essence \"not Nahuatl\". The Nahuas used the term \"popolōca\" much in the same way the Greek used the term \"barbaros\", also meaning \"gibberish\", to refer to non-Greek speaking strangers.\n\nThe name however stuck to many languages and has caused some confusion even among linguists working with Native American languages. This confusion prompted some kind of distinction between Popoluca languages and the spelling \"Popoluca\" with an \"u\" became used for certain Mixe–Zoque languages, while the spelling \"Popoloca\" with an \"o\" became used for certain languages of the Popolocan family of Oto-Manguean languages. Note that the name \"Popolocan\" is also used by linguists to refer to these languages, which include varieties of Mazatec. In Nicaragua, the Nahua-speaking Nicarao used the term \"Popoluca\" for the speakers of the Matagalpa language.\n \nAlthough \"Popoluca\" and \"Popoloca\" are derogatory and confusing terms, they are still being used, even in academic literature and official publications of the Mexican government.\n\nSee also \n Popolocan languages\n\nExternal links \n Popoluca (Popoloca), America Indian Languages\n\nReferences \n\nMixe–Zoque languages\nIndigenous culture of Mexico\nEthnic and religious slurs" ]

[ "Indigenous languages of the Americas", "South America and the Caribbean", "Can you give me a little more information on South America and the Caribbean?", "South America has a linguistic diversity rivalled by only a few other places in the world with approximately 350 languages still spoken", "What are some of the languages?", "it is not likely that the number of specialists in SA Indian languages will increase fast enough to document most of the surviving SA languages" ]

[ "The Yuin–Kuric languages are a family of mainly extinct Australian Aboriginal languages that existed in the south east of Australia.\n\nThey belong in the Pama–Nyungan family. These languages are divided into the Yuin, Kuri, and Yora groups, although exact classifications vary between researchers. Yuin–Kuric languages were spoken by the original inhabitants of what are now the cities of Sydney and Canberra. Most are now extinct.\n\nThe koala is named from the word gula for the animal in the Dharug language, a Yuin–Kuri language within the Yora group, and the same word occurs in other Yuin–Kuri languages, such as Gundungurra, within the Yuin group.\n\n, Yuin is listed as one of 20 languages prioritised as part of the Priority Languages Support Project, being undertaken by First Languages Australia and funded by the Department of Communications and the Arts. The project aims to \"identify and document critically-endangered languages — those languages for which little or no documentation exists, where no recordings have previously been made, but where there are living speakers\".\n\nLanguages\nThe constituent languages are groups are arranged from southwest to northeast:\n\nYuin group\nThe Yuin (southern) group includes:\n\n The extinct Tharawal languages spoken along the South Coast of New South Wales, including Thawa, Dyirringany, Thurga, Tharawal, and possibly Gweagal.\n Nyamudy language spoken by people around Canberra\n Ngarigo (Ngarigu) spoken by the Ngarigo people\n Ngunnawal, also known as Gundungurra (Gundungura, Gudungura, or Gandangara), spoken by the Ngunnawal people and Gandangara people in inland south-eastern New South Wales in the now Yass region.\n\nYora group\n\nThe Yora or Iyora (central) group is accepted by Dixon.\n\n Dharug, an extinct language which attempts are being made to revive.\n Darkinjung, an extinct language.\n\nThey were spoken in the region of Sydney.\n\nKuri group\nThe Kuri (northern) group has been reduced to its southernmost languages:\n\n Worimi languages: Worimi (Worimi, Katthang, Birrpayi), Awabakal\n Dunghutti language\n\nLanguages once classified as Kuric include Yugambal, Yuggarabul (Yuggera), and Nganyaywana (Anaiwan) further north.\n\nComparison\nJeremy Steele's partial reconstruction of the Sydney language includes a comparison of pronouns in several Yuin–Kuric languages. The following partial and simplified version shows some of the similarities and differences across the family:\n\nReferences\n\n \nExtinct languages of New South Wales", "The languages of the African Union are languages used by citizens within the member states of the African Union (AU). For languages of the institution, see African Union: Languages.\n\nOverview\nThe African Union has not legally defined specific working languages, though they do say that the working languages \"shall be, if possible, African languages, Arabic, English, French and Portuguese.\" The prominence of Arabic in many African countries is due to the Arab expansion into Africa from the 7th century, with subsequent Arabization of local populations. Indo-European languages were introduced during the European colonisation from the 15th century. \n\nIn 2001, the AU created the African Academy of Languages (ACALAN) to harmonize the various languages across the continent and safeguard any that are on the verge of becoming extinct. To that end, the AU declared 2006 the Year of African Languages. 2006 also marked Ghana's 55th anniversary since it founded the Bureau of Ghana Languages originally known as Gold Coast Vernacular Literature Bureau.\n\nLanguages of AU states\n – The Constitution of Algeria defines the official languages as Arabic and Berber. French is spoken by governmental and educational elite. There is also an Algerian Sign Language. (Languages of Algeria)\n – Portuguese is the official language, and many people speak one or several of 41 Bantu or Khoisan languages. (Languages of Angola)\n – French is the official language, with Fon and Yoruba being the most common languages in the south. At least six major languages are spoken in the north. (Languages of Benin)\n – English and Tswana are the official languages, with Tswana being the most common national language. (Languages of Botswana)\n – French is the official language. Mossi, Dyula and Fula are the national languages. Most speak one of the Sudanic languages. (Languages of Burkina Faso)\n – French and Kirundi are co-official. Many persons also speak Swahili. (Languages of Burundi)\n – English and French are co-official, with Cameroonian Pidgin English widely spoken. Twenty-four major African language families and sub-groups are present in Cameroon. Cameroon is one of the most linguistically diverse areas in the world. (Languages of Cameroon)\n – Portuguese is official. The officialization of Cape Verdean Creole is under discussion.\n – French and Sango are co-official; the former is the lingua franca. Sango is the local language with the most speakers, 70 languages are listed in the Ethnologue report for the country. (Languages of the Central African Republic)\n – Arabic and French are co-official, with over 120 other languages spoken. (Languages of Chad)\n – Arabic, French, and Comorian are co-official; the latter is a Swahili dialect, albeit heavily influenced by Arabic and French. (Languages of Comoros)\n – French is official, with four national languages: Kikongo, Lingala, Swahili, and Tshiluba. There are an estimated total of 242 languages spoken in the DRC. (Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)\n – French is official, but is only spoken by the cultural elite. Lingala and Kituba are national linguae francae; the latter is a creole of Kikongo. (Languages of the Republic of the Congo)\n – French is official, with some 60 indigenous languages, of which the Dioula dialect of Bambara is the most widely spoken. Other languages include: the Gur languages, the Kru languages (including the Bété languages, Dida, Nyabwa, Wè, and Western Krahn), and the Kwa languages. (Languages of Côte d'Ivoire)\n – Arabic and French are co-official; Afar and Somali are widely spoken. (Languages of Djibouti)\n – Arabic is official, with Egyptian Arabic being the most common spoken language. English and French are major languages for education and trade. See languages of Egypt\n – Spanish, French and Portuguese are official. Other languages include Annobonese, Bubi, Fang, Igbo, and Pichinglis. (Languages of Equatorial Guinea)\n – There is no official language per se, but Arabic, English, Italian and Tigrinya are used by the government. Other common languages include Afar, Bilen, Kunama, Nara, Saho, Tigre and Beja. Ge'ez is the liturgical language of the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church. (Languages of Eritrea)\n – Afar, Amharic, Oromo, Somali and Tigrinya are official, among more than 80 languages spoken. English is widely spoken and taught in secondary school. (Languages of Ethiopia)\n – French is official, and many African languages are spoken. (Languages of Gabon)\n – English is official, and many African languages are also spoken, notably Wolof. (Languages of The Gambia)\n – English is official, Akan, Dagaare/Wale, Dagbane, Dangme, Ewe, Ga, Gonja, Kasem and Nzema are government-recognized languages sponsored by the Bureau of Ghana Languages. (Languages of Ghana)\n – French is official, Fula (Pular), Mandinka and Susu is the lingua franca. (Languages of Guinea)\n – Portuguese is official, but the most widely spoken language is a Portuguese-based creole language, Kriol. (Languages of Guinea-Bissau)\n – Swahili and English are official, and many other African languages are also spoken. (Languages of Kenya)\n – Sesotho and English are official. (Languages of Lesotho)\n – English is official, many African languages are spoken. (Languages of Liberia)\n – Arabic is official, Tamazight is spoken by about 10% of the population. Italian is understood by some older Libyans. (Languages of Libya)\n – Malagasy, French are official. (Languages of Madagascar)\n – Chewa language, Tumbuka language and English are official. (Languages of Malawi)\n – French is official, Bambara is the primary lingua franca. Of the 50 languages spoken, 13 are classified national languages, including Bambara, Fula (), Sonrai, and Soninke (Languages of Mali)\n – Arabic is official; other languages spoken include: Pulaar, Soninke, and Wolof. (Languages of Mauritania). French is used by upper classes.\n – English is the de jure official language but French is more widely spoken, making it the de facto official language. The vernacular language is Mauritian Creole which derives from French. Tamil, Hindi and other Indian languages are spoken by the Indian community. Arabic, Portuguese and a number of Chinese varieties like Hakka and Mandarin are also spoken by some. (Languages of Mauritius)\n – Arabic and Berber. French is also widely spoken. (Languages of Morocco)\n – Portuguese is the official language. Makua, Sena, Ndau, Xitsonga and Swahili are spoken by a sizable amount of the population. The educated often speak English as a second or third language. The Arab, Indian and Chinese communities speak their own languages. (Languages of Mozambique)\n – The official language is English. Oshiwambo, Khoekhoegowab, Otjiherero, RuKwangali and siLozi are regional languages. Most Whites in Namibia speak Afrikaans or German which were the official languages before independence. (Languages of Namibia)\n – French is the official language. Hausa, Djerma, Tamajaq, Fulfulde are important African languages. (Languages of Niger)\n – English is the official language, Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba, Efik, Edo, Adamawa, Fulfulde, Idoma, and Central Kanuri are all widely spoken. 510 languages currently exist with native speakers in Nigeria. (Languages of Nigeria)\n – Kinyarwanda, French, and English are official languages. Kinyarwanda is the mother tongue of the vast majority of the population. (Languages of Rwanda). French and English are only spoken by a minority, and Swahili is used as a vehicular language.\n  – The official languages are Arabic and Spanish. (Languages of Western Sahara)\n – Portuguese is the official language, spoken by 95% of the population. Other languages include the Portuguese-based creoles Forro (85%), Angolar (3%) and Principense (0.1%). (Languages of São Tomé and Príncipe)\n – French is the official language, used regularly by a minority of Senegalese educated in a system styled upon the colonial-era schools of French origin. Most persons also speak their own ethnic language while, especially in Dakar, Wolof is the lingua franca. Pulaar is spoken by the Fulas (; ) and Toucouleur (Halpulaar). Various Portuguese Creoles are spoken in Senegal by those from Guinea-Bissau and São Tomé and Príncipe. (Languages of Senegal)\n – English, French and Seychellois Creole are official. As Seychelles had no indigenous population, many languages are spoken by the various African, Chinese, European, and Indian peoples who colonized it. Seychellois Creole is the lingua franca between these groups. (Languages of Seychelles)\n – English is the official language but it is only understood by a minority. Most persons speak their ethnic language, Krio. (Languages of Sierra Leone)\n – Somali and Arabic are official. Somali is the most spoken language. Other Afro-Asiatic languages are also spoken in some areas, such as Maay, Dabarre, and Tunni. In addition, some Niger–Congo languages are spoken by ethnic minorities in parts of the south, including Chimwiini and Kibajuni (two variants of Swahili) as well as Mushunguli. English is also widely used and taught in schools. Italian used to be a major language, but its influence significantly diminished following independence. (Languages of Somalia)\n – South Africa has 11 official languages: Afrikaans, English, Southern Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, and Zulu. Before 1994 during the Apartheid era, only Afrikaans and English had official status. (Languages of South Africa)\n – English is official. Juba Arabic, Bari, Dinka, Luo, Murle, Nuer, Zande and 60 languages are spoken. (Languages of South Sudan)\n – Arabic and English are the official languages. Many African languages are spoken in both North and South Sudan. (Languages of Sudan)\n – English and siSwati are the official languages. Zulu is widely spoken in the southern region of the country. (Languages of Swaziland)\n – English and Swahili are official. Nevertheless, only the latter is a real lingua franca. Gujarati is spoken by many in the Indian community. About 120 indigenous languages from all the four language families of Africa are spoken. (Languages of Tanzania)\n – French is the official language. Ewe and Kabiye are national languages. (Languages of Togo)\n – Classical Arabic is official, French is often used as a language of commerce. A small percentage speaks the Berber language, with its varieties like Tamezret-Berber, Matmata-Berber, Sened-Berber (may be extinct) and Djerbi-Berber. (Languages of Tunisia)\n – English and Swahili are official. Nonetheless, Swahili is not the most widely used vernacular language despite being the vehicular language of the populace. Indeed, Ganda is the most spoken language. Minoritiy languages include Soga, Nkole, Kiga, Teso, Masaba, Nyoro (Languages of Uganda)\n – English is the official language, many African languages are spoken by the country's roughly 72 different ethnic groups, with Nyanja being the most widely spoken. (Languages of Zambia)\n – English is the official language, but is the native language of only 2% of the population, while Shona, Northern Ndebele and Kalanga are spoken by the majority of the population. (Languages of Zimbabwe)\n\nSee also\nLanguages of the European Union\nBureau of Ghana Languages\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n African Academy of Languages\n All African languages by countries\n\nAfrican Union\nLanguages of Africa\nAfrica" ]

[ "Indigenous languages of the Americas", "South America and the Caribbean", "Can you give me a little more information on South America and the Caribbean?", "South America has a linguistic diversity rivalled by only a few other places in the world with approximately 350 languages still spoken", "What are some of the languages?", "it is not likely that the number of specialists in SA Indian languages will increase fast enough to document most of the surviving SA languages", "What were some of the popular languages being spoken?", "many relationships between languages and language families have not been determined" ]

[ "Predicted outcome value theory introduced in 1996 by Michael Sunnafrank, posits that people seek information in initial interactions and relationships to determine the benefits of interpersonal relationships by predicting the value of future outcomes whether negative or positive. If a person predicts a positive outcome in the relationship this can lead to increased attraction, however if a person predicts a negative outcome then he or she would pursue limited interaction or possibly relationship termination. The processes of predicted outcome value directly link to continued relationship development and communication as well as stronger attraction and intimacy within the relationship.\n\nPredicted outcome value theory proposes that initial interaction behaviors serve two related functions in individuals' attempts to maximize future relational outcomes. First, communication is directed at reducing uncertainty (Berger & Calabrese, 1975) about new acquaintances to determine likely outcome-values for the relational future. Second, communication proceeds in a manner predicted to result in the most positive outcomes. In a broad sense, these outcome value predictions would lead to communicative attempts to terminate or curtail the conversation, to continue the entry-level conversation, or to escalate the conversation and relationship beyond this level. Attempts to continue or escalate would result from positive predicted outcome values, while attempts to terminate or curtail would result from negative predictions. Given this, predicted outcome value theory proposes that several specific behaviors associated with conversational termination-escalation should be related to predicted outcome value levels.\nAmong these, Sunnafrank (1986) posits that predicted outcome value is positively related to amount of verbal communication, intimacy level of communication content, nonverbal affiliative expressiveness, and liking.\n\nKey propositions of predicted outcome value theory\n\n1. Attraction increases as the predicted outcome value increases\n2. Prediction of positive future outcomes leads to future interactions\n3. Prediction of negative future outcomes ends future interactions\n4. People focus and discuss topics in conversations that facilitate positive predicted outcomes\n\nRelated\nPredicted outcome value theory is an alternative to uncertainty reduction theory, which Charles R. Berger and Richard J. Calabrese introduced in 1975. Uncertainty reduction theory states that the driving force in initial interactions is to collect information to predict attitudes and behaviors for future relationship development.\n\nSunnafrank challenges uncertainty reduction theory with his predicted outcome value theory in that initial interactions are not solely about reducing uncertainty within the relationship but motivated by the predicted outcome value. Sunnafrank ascertains that initial interactions only lead to continued relationship development after the person has determined future rewards and costs of that relationship.\n\nHowever, when looking at the relationships of the implications of both theories, there are many parallels. The propositions set forth by predicted outcome value theory by Sunnafrank almost exactly mirror the eight axioms of Berger and Calabrese's uncertainty reduction theory.\n\nWhen looking at predicted outcome value theory, there are positive and negative predicted outcome values (POV) that are produced based on initial interactions. When there are positive predicted outcome values, they align with all of the same positive implications of uncertainty reduction. In other words, when dealing with positive feelings after an initial interaction, the implications of how that initial interaction unfolded align with the axioms of uncertainty reduction theory. For example, \n\n1.) Verbal Communication- There is a positive relationship between the amount of verbal communication and the predicted outcome value. If there is a positive POV between an initial interaction, both theories imply that verbal communication is most likely to increase. (This is the first axiom of uncertainty reduction theory and is the conclusion based on the second assumption of predicted outcome value theory.) \n\nFurthermore:\n\n2.) Proxemics- According to predicted outcome value theory, proximity in space and comfort of closeness increases more with higher POV's. (According to uncertainty reduction theory, as uncertainty reduces, the more we allow people to be comfortable in proxemics of space and display acts of affection, making this a negative relationship. As uncertainty decreases, acts of proxemics increase.)\n\n3.) Disclosure(-)- We are willing to disclose increasingly personal information the higher the initial POV's are. (Similarly, as uncertainty reduces, the more we also feel comfortable opening up about ourselves.)\n\n4.) Reciprocity(+)- The higher the initial POV, the more likely a person is to feel that they don't have to, or need to, reciprocate a conversation. (As uncertainty reduces, there is less of an urge to reciprocate a conversation. In other words, as uncertainty reduces, it is more likely that a person is willing to listen to a one-sided conversation and not feel obligated or need to reciprocate an answer.)\n\n5.) Similarity(-)- The higher the initial POV, the more likely it is that people feel similar to one another. (And as two people feel more similar to one another, uncertainty decreases.\n\n6.) Liking(-)- The higher the initial POV, the higher probability is that a person likes the other, in terms of friendliness. (And as two people like each other increasingly more, uncertainty decreases accordingly.)\n\n7.) Shared networking(-)- If two individuals have friends in common that they trust, the higher the initial POV is. (As a shared network of friends grows bigger and bigger, uncertainty decreases.)\n\nThe only axiom that is disagreed upon the two, and is what differentiates the two based on their implications, is the idea of information-seeking.\n\n8.) Information-seeking- According to predicted outcome value theory, the higher the initial POV's, the more likely it is that the two people engaged in initial conversation will want to learn more about one another. And on the contrary, if the POV is negative (meaning that the initial interaction was not good), it is more likely that the two will NOT want to learn more about the other person. Thus, according to predicted outcome value theory, this is a positive relationship. The higher the POV, the more two people will want to know more about each other. On the other hand, according to uncertainty reduction theory, if there is high uncertainty between two people, it is MORE likely that they will want to know more about each other in order to reduce uncertainty, making this a negative relationship.\n\nTheory developer\nMichael Sunnafrank is a Professor in the Department of Communication, College of Liberal Arts at the University of Minnesota, Duluth. He joined the faculty at UMD in 1990 after fourteen years of teaching and research at Michigan State University, University of California Davis, Arizona State University and Texas A&M University. He was awarded his PhD and master's degrees by Michigan State University.\nSunnafrank continues to work on research testing predicted outcome value theory.\n\nEmpirical support for predicted outcome value theory\nSunnafrank's (1986) study examined a potential initial acquaintance association between perceived similarity and attraction may be present, though undetected, in previous interpersonal goals research and finds support for interpersonal goals claims regarding the perceived similarity/attraction relationship.\nThe findings extended Sunnafrank (1983, 1984, 1985) and Sunnafrank and Miller's (1981) claim that attitude similarity and attraction are unassociated in beginning communicative relationships. While their research supports this claim for attitude similarity revealed in pre-acquaintance, it also shows that this claim generalizes to more normally occurring perceptions of attitude similarity produced during initial relational stages. The results strongly suggested that traditional beliefs about, and theoretical interpretations of, the attitude similarity/attraction association are incorrect, at least regarding the initial acquaintance period.\n\nAnother study, \"Predicted Outcome Value in Initial Conversations\", provided the initial test of several predicted outcome value theory (Sunnafrank, 1986) propositions. Findings supported all hypotheses tested, and demonstrated that during initial conversations predicted outcome value is strongly and positively related to the amount of verbal communication, intimacy of communication content, nonverbal affiliation, liking and perceived similarity.\n\nMore recent research was designed to investigate positive and negative predictors of possible relationships by focusing on decisions to engage in future dates. Interpersonal attraction, homophily, and nonverbal immediacy have been linked to the predicted outcome value of relationships during initial encounters. This study investigates how these variables influence date decisions in a six-minute speed-dating experience. Results indicated interpersonal attraction and nonverbal immediacy significantly predict predicted outcome value, but not future date decisions.\n\nFeatured research and theory development\n\nMichael Sunnafrank and Artemio Ramirez Jr., assistant professor of communication at Ohio State University, conducted research which was published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships in 2004 and also featured on ABC news. Sunnafrank and Ramirez studied 164 college freshmen over a nine-week period to determine the predicted outcome value of relationship development between strangers.\n\nThe study involved pairing two students of the same sex together the first day of class and introducing one another and then engaging in conversation for either three, six, or 10 minutes. Afterwards, researchers asked each student to predict the outcome of the relationship by describing it as a nodding acquaintance, casual acquaintance, acquaintance, close acquaintance, friend, and close friend. The students also completed extensive questionnaires about the other person to determine how much they liked one another (Sunnafrank & Ramirez, 2004).\n\nOver the nine-week period, Sunnafrank and Ramirez (2004) facilitated a classroom environment that allowed the students to continue to get to know one another. At the end of the nine weeks, those students who predicted positive outcomes developed strong relationships and their behavior indicated such as those students sat together in class and communicated on a regular basis. The strongest effect of the study existed in the relationships where there was a predicted negative outcome. If students decided after the initial interaction that they did not want the relationship to progress then the students acted accordingly by restricting conversation, avoiding eye contact, and avoiding each other period.\n \nRamirez points out that there is power in first impressions. “People want to quickly determine if a person they just met is someone they are going to want to hang out with, or date, or spend more time with in the future. We don’t want to waste our time.”\n\nOne important point to consider about this study is that Sunnafrank says that college freshmen can be “aggressive” in pursuing new friendships and relationships within social circles and that behavior tends to change over time. “In most situations in life, our time is pretty much claimed by work and family matters, so even when you meet people you really like, chances are not much is going to happen. As life goes on and social networks become solidified, acting on that first impression becomes less likely.”\n\nSunnafrank concluded that other events throughout the course of relationships can change the predicted outcome value, which he calls “surprising events,” such as betraying one another’s trust by “back stabbing” and that not all relationships turn out as originally predicted. However, in this study, it is apparent that initial impressions and interactions can determine the outcome of the relationship, which is the predicted outcome value theory. While the college freshmen had numerous opportunities to develop their relationships over the nine-week period, the first impressions made lasting impacts.\n\nReferences\n\nSources\nGriffin, E. A. (2005). A first look at communication theory with conversation (6th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.\nGuerrero, L.K., Andersen, P.A. & Afifi, W.A. (2007). Close encounters: Communicating in relationships (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.\n\nExternal links\n \"First 10 minutes after meeting may guide future of relationship\"\n \"Study: First Impressions Really Matter\"\n\nCommunication\nCommunication theory\nInterpersonal communication", "The Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) is an introspective psychological inventory consisting of 24 items pertaining to an individual's Psychological Capital (PsyCap), or positive psychological state of development. The PCQ was constructed by Fred Luthans, Bruce J. Avolio, and James B. Avey with the goal to assess the dimensions of PsyCap. The PCQ measures four dimensions of PsyCap: hope, efficacy, resiliency, and optimism. The PCQ takes between 10-15 minutes to complete and can be administered to individuals or groups. The PCQ is protected by copyright law and published by Mind Garden, Inc.\n\nNote: The term \"PsyCap\" refers to the whole of four specific constructs: hope, efficacy, resiliency, and optimism. The term \"PCQ\" refers to the 24 specific questions used to measure hope, efficacy, resiliency, and optimism.\n\nPsychological Capital \nPsychological Capital (PsyCap) is one of the resources (or \"capitals\") that are required for organizations of all types seeking sustainable growth and competitive advantage. Other types of capital include human capital, social capital, and economic capital. Defined by Luthans and Carolyn M. Youssef, PsyCap is \"an individual's positive psychological state of development and is characterized by: (1) having confidence (self-efficacy) to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks; (2) making a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3) persevering towards goals and, when necessary, redirecting paths to goals (hope) in order to succeed; and (4) when beset by problems and adversity, sustaining and bouncing back and even beyond (resilience) to attain success\" (Luthans, Youssef, & Avolio, 2007, p. 3). Hope, efficacy, resiliency, and optimism - known as the \"HERO Within\" - are the resources that make up the value of PsyCap.\n\nPsyCap was conceptualized as a result of growing literature around positive organizational behavior (POB), or \"the study and application of positive oriented human resource strengths and psychological capacities that can be measured, developed, and effectively managed for performance improvement\" (Luthans, 2002, p. 59). Because of POB, psychological well-being has shown to moderate the relationship between job satisfaction-job performance and job satisfaction-employee turnover, as well as have strong positive relationships with performance at workand successful relationships.\n\nAlthough PsyCap is usually applied to formal organizational settings, Wayne F. Cascio and Luthans (2014) applied the principles of PsyCap in their retrospective analysis of prisoners in the notorious South African prison, Robben Island, to argue that PsyCap was the key to enabling the prisoners (such as Nelson Mandela and Jacob Zuma) to survive, resist, and effectuate change to prison life and their guards.\n\nHope: The construct called \"hope\" was developed by Charles R. Snyder and has two components: agency (willpower) and pathways. Hope enables the individual to have the agency to set and pursue meaningful goals and facilitates generating multiple pathways to reach those goals in case of obstacles. Hope is the \"will\" to succeed and the ability to identify, clarify, and pursue the \"way\" to success.\n\nEfficacy: The construct called \"efficacy\" is defined as the \"employee's conviction or confidence about his or her abilities to mobilize the motivation, cognitive resources or courses of action needed to successfully execute a specific task within a given context.\"\n\nResilience: The construct called \"resilience\" is characterized as positive coping and adaptation in the face of risk or adversity. It is the \"positive psychological capacity to rebound, to 'bounce back' from adversity, uncertainty, conflict, failure, or even positive change, progress, and increased responsibility\" (Luthans, 2002, p. 702). Resilient people tend to have a resolute acceptance of reality, a deep belief that life is meaningful, and an ability to improvise and adapt to change.\n\nOptimism: The construct called \"optimism\" is associated with having a positive outcome, outlook, or attribution, including positive emotions and motivations, while maintaining a realistic outlook. Optimism was first explained by Martin Seligman, whereby optimists are defined as those who make internal, stable, and global attributions of positive events and external, unstable, and specific attributions of negative events. A second perspective on optimism is whereby optimists are defined as those who expect that a desirable outcome will result from their increased effort, and will continue to put fort effort even in the face of adversity.\n\nPsychological Capital Questionnaire Scales \nThe PCQ consists of four scales with six items each. Higher scores correspond to greater psychological capital abilities.\n\nHope: This six-item scale measures an individual's ability to persevere towards goals and redirect paths to goals in order to succeed.\n\nEfficacy: This six-item scale measures an individual's ability to have confidence to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks.\n\nResilience: This six-item scale measures an individual's ability to sustain and bounce back when beset by problems and adversity to attain success.\n\nOptimism: This six-item scale measures an individual's ability to make a positive attribution and expectation about succeeding now and in the future.\n\nPsychological Capital Questionnaire Forms \nPsychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ): The original and validated form of the PCQ. It can be used as a self-assessment and a multi-rater assessment, meaning that the assessment considers the target individual's self-assessment alongside the assessments from others who rate the target individual's PsyCap.\n\nPsychological Capital Questionnaire Short Form (PCQ Short Form): The PCQ Short Form is a 12-item form of the PCQ. It is only usable as a self-assessment.\n\nPsychological Capital Questionnaire Scoring \nAll PCQ scales are scored using a 6-point Likert scale. Each scale measures its own unique dimension of PsyCap. An overall PsyCap score is calculated by taking the mean of all the items in the PCQ. Scales include reverse-scored items.\n\nThe 6-point Likert scale for all PCQ scales is as follows:\n Strongly Disagree\n Disagree\n Somewhat Disagree\n Somewhat Agree\n Agree\n Strongly Agree\n\nReferences \n\n\n\nIndustrial and organizational psychology\nPositive psychology\nPsychological tests and scales" ]

[ "Indigenous languages of the Americas", "South America and the Caribbean", "Can you give me a little more information on South America and the Caribbean?", "South America has a linguistic diversity rivalled by only a few other places in the world with approximately 350 languages still spoken", "What are some of the languages?", "it is not likely that the number of specialists in SA Indian languages will increase fast enough to document most of the surviving SA languages", "What were some of the popular languages being spoken?", "many relationships between languages and language families have not been determined", "Did the languages have a positive outlook or outcome?", "some of those relationships that have been proposed are on somewhat shaky ground." ]

[ "Eye for an Eye is the first studio album by American heavy metal band Corrosion of Conformity, released in 1984. CD releases have had the entire Six Songs with Mike Singing EP included as bonus tracks.\n\nTrack listing\nAll songs written by Mike Dean, Woody Weatherman and Reed Mullin, except \"Green Manalishi\".\n \"Tell Me\" – 3:29\n \"Minds Are Controlled\" – 1:35\n \"Indifferent\" – 1:18\n \"Broken Will\" – 1:34\n \"Rabid Dogs\" – 0:40\n \"L.S.\" – 2:15\n \"Rednekkk\" – 1:19\n \"Coexist\" – 2:51\n \"Excluded\" – 1:13\n \"Dark Thoughts\" – 1:50\n \"Poison Planet\" – 1:27\n \"What?\" – 2:32\n \"Negative Outlook\" – 0:53\n \"Positive Outlook\" – 2:13\n \"No Drunk\" – 0:24\n \"College Town\" – 2:05\n \"Not Safe\" – 2:31\n \"Eye for an Eye\" – 1:20\n \"Nothing's Gonna Change\" – 1:12\n \"Green Manalishi\" (written by Peter Green and Fleetwood Mac) – 2:56\n\nSix Songs with Mike Singing EP (1985 recordings)\n \"Eye for an Eye\" – 1:14\n \"Center of the World\" – 0:29\n \"Citizen\" – 0:49\n \"Not for Me\" – 1:08\n \"What?\" – 2:26\n \"Negative Outlook\" – 0:55\n\nPersonnel\nEric Eycke – vocals (tracks 1–20)\nMike Dean – bass (all tracks), vocals (tracks 21–26)\nWoody Weatherman – guitars\nReed Mullin – drums\nDavid Mahon – engineering\n\nReferences\n\n1984 debut albums\nCorrosion of Conformity albums", "Outlook Express, formerly known as Microsoft Internet Mail and News, is a discontinued email and news client included with Internet Explorer versions 3.0 through to 6.0. As such, it was bundled with several versions of Microsoft Windows, from Windows 98 to Windows Server 2003, and was available for Windows 3.x, Windows NT 3.51, Windows 95, Mac System 7, Mac OS 8, and Mac OS 9. In Windows Vista, Outlook Express was superseded by Windows Mail.\n\nOutlook Express is a different application from Microsoft Outlook. The two programs do not share a common codebase, but they do share a common architectural philosophy. The similar names lead many people to conclude incorrectly that Outlook Express is a stripped-down version of Microsoft Outlook. Outlook Express uses the Windows Address Book to store contact information and integrates tightly with it. On Windows XP, it also integrates with Windows Messenger.\n\nHistory\n\nVersion 1.0 was released as Microsoft Internet Mail and News in 1996 following the Internet Explorer 3 release. This add-on precedes the Internet Mail profile for Microsoft Exchange 4.0 bundled in Windows 95. Version 2.0 was released at the end of 1996. Internet Mail and News handled only plain text and rich text (RTF) email, lacking HTML email.\n\nIn 1997 the program was changed and renamed to Outlook Express and bundled with Internet Explorer 4. The Windows executable file for Outlook Express, msimn.exe, is a holdover from the Internet Mail and News era. Like Internet Explorer, Outlook Express 4 can run on Mac System 7, OS 8, and OS 9.\n\nAt one point, in a later beta version of Outlook Express 5, Outlook Express contained a sophisticated and adaptive spam filtering system; however this feature was removed shortly before launch. It was speculated on various websites and newsgroups at that time, that the feature was not stable enough for the mass market. Nearly two years later, a similar system, using a similar method of adaptive filtering, appeared as a feature of Microsoft Outlook.\n\nInternet Explorer 5 required Outlook Express 5 to save Web Archive files (see MHTML).\n\nOutlook Express 6 is the last version of the software with Outlook branding. It has a similar layout to Outlook Express 5. It was included with Windows XP.\n\nSupported file formats \n\n .DBX – Outlook Express Email Folder\n.EMAIL - Outlook Express Email Message\n .EML - E-Mail Message\n .IDX - Outlook Express Mailbox Index File\n .MBX - Outlook Express Mailbox\n .MIM - Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Message File\n .MIME - Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extension\n .MS-TNEF - MS Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format\n .NCH - Outlook Express Folder File\n .ODS - Outlook Express 5 Mailbox (not to be confused with OpenDocument spreadsheet file)\n .OEB - Outlook Express Backup Wizard File\n .PAB - Personal Address Book\n .PST - Outlook Personal Information Store File\n .SIG - Signature File\n .VCF - vCard File\n .WAB - Windows Address Book\n\nVersions for Windows \n\n Microsoft Internet Mail and News 1.0 was released in 1996 with Internet Explorer 3.\n Microsoft Internet Mail and News 2.0 was released later in 1996.\n Outlook Express 4.0, which was included in Windows 98 (June 1998) and integrated with Internet Explorer 4, stored messages in *.mbx files (similar to the Mbox format used in Unix-based systems).\n Outlook Express 5.0, which was included in Windows 98 Second Edition (SE) (June 1999) and integrated with Internet Explorer 5, switched to *.dbx files, with a separate file for each mailbox folder.\n Outlook Express 5.01 was included in Windows 2000 (February 2000) and integrated with Internet Explorer 5.01.\n Outlook Express 5.5 was included in Windows Me (June 2000) and integrated with Internet Explorer 5.5.\n Outlook Express 6.0 was included in Windows XP (October 2001) and integrated with Internet Explorer 6.\n\nVersions for Mac\n\n Outlook Express 4.0 was included in Microsoft Office 98 Macintosh Edition.\n Outlook Express 5.01 was integrated with Internet Explorer 5.\n Outlook Express 5.01 was bundled with Internet Explorer 5.01.\n Outlook Express 5.5 was bundled with Internet Explorer 5.5.\n\nReplacements\n\nBuilds of \"Outlook Express 7\" appeared in early builds of Windows Vista when in development as \"Longhorn\". It relied on WinFS for the management and storage of contacts and other data.\n\nThe final version of Vista included a successor to Outlook Express known as Windows Mail (Vista).\n\nCriticism\n\nEmail standards\nBeginning with the text-based Unix Mail command, email traditionally used the inline or bottom posting styles when replying to messages. Outlook Express, as well as Lotus Notes and Microsoft Outlook, top-post (show replies newest to oldest) by default.\n\nMicrosoft Outlook and Microsoft Exchange use a proprietary email attachment format called Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format (TNEF) to handle formatting and other features specific to Outlook such as meeting requests. Outlook Express and other email clients are unable to read this format. This can be confusing to Outlook Express users (as well as those who use other email clients) who receive attachments sent from Outlook.\n\nDatabase corruption\nOutlook Express has been prone to a number of problems which can corrupt its files database, especially when the database increases in size due to an increasing number of stored emails and during database compaction. This has led to a thriving market for software that can back up, restore and recover corrupted files. An open-source project called UnDBX was also created, which seems to be successful in recovering corrupt databases. Microsoft has also released documentation which may be able to correct some non-severe problems and restore access to email messages, without resorting to third-party solutions.\n\nHowever, with the latest updates applied, Outlook Express now makes backup copies of DBX files prior to compaction. They are stored in the Recycle Bin. If an error occurs during compaction and messages are lost, the DBX files can be copied from the recycle bin.\n\nSecurity issues\nOutlook Express was one of the earlier email clients to support HTML email and scripts. As a result, emails were commonly infected with viruses. Previously, another security flaw was that a script could automatically be opened as an attachment. Another bug was in Outlook Express's attachment handling that allowed an executable to appear to be a harmless attachment such as a graphics file. Opening or previewing the email could cause code to run without the user's knowledge or consent. Outlook Express uses Internet Explorer to render HTML email. Internet Explorer has been subjected to many security vulnerabilities and concerns.\n\nWith Outlook Express SP2 (part of Windows XP SP2), Microsoft has tried to correct the security holes. Outlook Express now blocks images inside emails by default. It uses only the restricted security zone for HTML email, which disables scripts and imposes restrictions on what web content can be rendered. It also warns when opening potentially malicious attachments.\n\nHandling of PGP/MIME signed messages\nOutlook Express does not correctly handle MIME, and will not display the body of signed messages inline. Users get a filled email and one attachment (one of the message text and one of the signature) and therefore need to open an attachment to see the email. If the email has been forwarded several times, users need to open attached email messages one inside the other multiple times to reach the parent email message. This bug has still not been rectified. The proper behavior is described in RFC 1847.\nWhen replying or forwarding a message to a user who has a digital signature, Outlook Express gives an error and does not allow the user to continue if there is no digital signature installed for the sender.\n\nExtensibility\nOutlook Express does not have a documented object model like Microsoft Outlook. Programmatic access to, or control of Outlook Express for custom messaging applications or plugins is not officially documented or supported by Microsoft. IStoreNamespace and IStoreFolder interfaces were documented in 2003, but they are only related to the storage.\n\nSome companies have managed to create their plugins hacking the interface using Windows hooks. A significant one was the PGP plugin because it was the only example of a working plugin whose source code was available (licensed under GPL). By 2003, some companies provided commercial solutions to develop add-ins.\n\nOffice 2007 spell checker incompatibility\nOutlook Express does not have a dedicated spell checker. It can use the spell checkers from Microsoft Office if Office is also installed. However, the Office 2007 spell checkers, except for the French spell checker, are incompatible with Outlook Express. Microsoft has acknowledged this problem, but does not provide any sort of remedy. A solution is to install any pre-Office 2007 proofing tools or use a third party spell-checking app for Outlook Express. Windows Live Mail, which is based on Windows Mail's source code, contains built-in spell checking support (now for US English and numerous other languages) and is freely downloadable for Windows XP.\n\nGlitches and other unusual aspects\nCancelling sending an email while it is being sent does not effectively prevent it from being sent. Similarly, when importing .PST files, cancelling the import while it is in progress merely cancels the import of the current folder and the import resumes with the next folder. Furthermore, Outlook Express only supports .dbx files that are smaller than 2 GB, and may have performance problems when dealing with files approaching that limit.\n\nSee also\n List of Usenet newsreaders\n Comparison of Usenet newsreaders\n Microsoft Mail\n Windows Messaging\n Windows Mail\n Windows Live Mail\n Apple Mail\n Windows 95\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\nInternet Explorer\nInternet Explorer add-ons\nWindows email clients\nClassic Mac OS email clients\nUsenet clients\nMicrosoft email software\n1996 software\n1997 software\nDiscontinued Windows components" ]

[ "Indigenous languages of the Americas", "South America and the Caribbean", "Can you give me a little more information on South America and the Caribbean?", "South America has a linguistic diversity rivalled by only a few other places in the world with approximately 350 languages still spoken", "What are some of the languages?", "it is not likely that the number of specialists in SA Indian languages will increase fast enough to document most of the surviving SA languages", "What were some of the popular languages being spoken?", "many relationships between languages and language families have not been determined", "Did the languages have a positive outlook or outcome?", "some of those relationships that have been proposed are on somewhat shaky ground.", "What were those languages that did not have a positive outlook?", "Campbell (1997" ]

[ "Balanerodus is an extinct genus of alligatorid crocodylian. Fossils have been found from the Fitzcarrald Arch in the Peruvian Amazon and the La Victoria Formation of the Honda Group in Colombia and date back to the Friasian and Laventan regional South American land mammal ages of the Middle Miocene.\n\nDescription\nIt was an atypical crocodile with mysterious acorn-like teeth and co-existed with many other crocodiles, which were more diverse at the time period than they are today, including terrestrial predatory sebecid Langstonia, the massive Purussaurus, and flat headed duck-like Mourasuchus. Its teeth and the diversity of crocodiles suggest it occupied a different niche than they did. Another animal with acorn-like teeth is the Vaquita.\n\nReferences \n\nAlligatoridae\nMiocene crocodylomorphs\nMiocene reptiles of South America\nFriasian\nColloncuran\nLaventan\nNeogene Colombia\nFossils of Colombia\nHonda Group, Colombia\nNeogene Peru\nFossils of Peru\nFossil taxa described in 1965\nPrehistoric pseudosuchian genera", "The I Look Like an Engineer movement was created in August 2015 by software developer Isis Anchalee (formerly Isis Wenger) as a response to the backlash the OneLogin recruitment ad in which she was featured received. The movement aspired to break the stereotypes and promote diversity around underrepresented groups, particularly women, POC, and LGBTQ+ individuals in engineering fields. Its primary tactic is the use of the hashtag #ILookLikeAnEngineer on social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, along with pictures of engineers or engineering students.\n\nThe I Look Like an Engineer movement has sparked other similar movements that also seek to break stereotypes in their industry, such as I Look Like a Surgeon, I Look like a Professor and I Look Like a Civil Engineer.\n\nOneLogin campaign \nIn the summer of 2015 OneLogin, a software company, created a recruitment campaign aimed at attracting engineers to their home office in San Francisco, California. Four employees were invited to participate, including Anchalee. The ads were placed in the BART public transit stations and showed several OneLogin engineers sharing their experience working for the company. The ad featuring Anchalee went viral on several social media sites. A week after the launch of the campaign went viral, OneLogin posted an article on their blog that talked about the importance of diversity, inclusion, and innovation.\n\nMovement beginnings \nThe OneLogin recruitment ad featuring Isis Anchalee went viral as her particular ad received comments stating the belief that she was a model and not an actual engineer. Anchalee took to social media where she posted a picture of herself holding a piece of paper describing her job and a caption with the hashtag, #ILookLikeanEngineer. In her post she stated her belief that it is important to raise awareness in tech diversity and break the stereotypes of what an engineer should look like.\n\nHer post started the hashtag trend and the hashtag was used 86,000 times by August 7, 2015. The hashtag has been used in approximately 50 countries. The hashtag is mainly used by women and LGBTQ engineers. Subsequently, Anchalee put up a now-defunct webpage to establish a safe platform for individuals to share their experiences related to diversity issues within tech fields.\n\nSupport \nIn an effort to make a lasting impact, Michelle Glauser (the spouse of Anchalee's co-worker) began a fundraising campaign using Indiegogo to create billboards with pictures that people had shared on social media using the hashtag #ILookLikeanEngineer. The proceeds were used to put up more billboards to further the I Look Like an Engineer campaign and excess proceeds were used to fund organizations that teach programming to minorities. The fundraiser’s goal was to raise $3,500. The campaigned ended on September 5, 2015 with $47,285 raised.\n\nConcurrently, an #ILookLikeanEngineer community gathering organized by Glauser through Eventbrite as part of efforts to continue further the movement was hosted on August 13, 2015, in San Francisco. During the gathering, photographers collected portraits of willing participants for the billboards and as an effort to document the event. The event was sponsored by Segment, Rackspace, OneLogin, and HackBright Academy. The event included networking, discussions and a Q&A panel which included Anchalee, Alicia Morga, Wayne Sutton, Erica Baker, Leslie Miley, and Dom DeGuzman.\n\nSignificance \nThe struggles that women face in the field of engineering have a long-documented history. In the postwar era, female engineering students found themselves in a mixture of conflicting and positive situations that shaped not only their professional experiences but the field itself. Women faced backlash from not just male students and professors who objectified and viewed female engineers as potential girlfriends instead of fellow students, but also from women faculty or older female students who demanded that younger women endured the same struggles they did.\n\nThe campus and corporate climate did not change until the mid-1970s when companies began to face civil rights pressure to be more inclusive of female engineers. However, even with these radical changes women continued to experience subtle and overt forms of discrimination in the workplace. During the 1970s, organizations like the Society of Women Engineers (founded in 1952) among others provided women with support and guidance both on college campuses and in the corporate world.\n\nRecognizing the challenges that women faced and continue to face in male-dominated fields raises awareness about the importance of diversity and intersectionality in the field of engineering and other tech fields. Social movements are taking place in online spaces more frequently as the community of users tends to be wider and more diverse. It is here where users can use their own personal experiences and public outcry to start global dialogues that can enact change.\n\nSee also \nGirls Who Code\nNative Girls Code\nBlack Girls Code\nHashtag activism\nSlacktivism\nOnline Social Movements\nFourth-wave feminism\nWomen in engineering\nWomen in STEM fields\n\nReferences \n\nFeminist organizations in the United States\nScience education\nStereotypes of women\nSocial media campaigns\n2015 establishments in the United States" ]

[ "Indigenous languages of the Americas", "South America and the Caribbean", "Can you give me a little more information on South America and the Caribbean?", "South America has a linguistic diversity rivalled by only a few other places in the world with approximately 350 languages still spoken", "What are some of the languages?", "it is not likely that the number of specialists in SA Indian languages will increase fast enough to document most of the surviving SA languages", "What were some of the popular languages being spoken?", "many relationships between languages and language families have not been determined", "Did the languages have a positive outlook or outcome?", "some of those relationships that have been proposed are on somewhat shaky ground.", "What were those languages that did not have a positive outlook?", "Campbell (1997", "What did the diversity look like with South America?", "South America has a linguistic diversity rivalled by only a few other places in the world" ]

[ "The outcome bias is an error made in evaluating the quality of a decision when the outcome of that decision is already known. Specifically, the outcome effect occurs when the same \"behavior produce[s] more ethical condemnation when it happen[s] to produce bad rather than good outcome, even if the outcome is determined by chance.\"\n\nWhile similar to the hindsight bias, the two phenomena are markedly different. Hindsight bias focuses on memory distortion to favor the actor, while the outcome bias focuses exclusively on weighting the past outcome heavier than other pieces of information in deciding if a past decision was correct.\n\nOverview\nOne will often judge a past decision by its ultimate outcome instead of based on the quality of the decision at the time it was made, given what was known at that time. This is an error because no decision-maker ever knows whether or not a calculated risk will turn out for the best. The actual outcome of the decision will often be determined by chance, with some risks working out and others not. Individuals whose judgments are influenced by outcome bias are seemingly holding decision-makers responsible for events beyond their control.\n\nBaron and Hershey (1988) presented subjects with hypothetical situations in order to test this.\nOne such example involved a surgeon deciding whether or not to do a risky surgery on a patient. The surgery had a known probability of success. Subjects were presented with either a good or bad outcome (in this case living or dying), and asked to rate the quality of the surgeon's pre-operation decision. Those presented with bad outcomes rated the decision worse than those who had good outcomes. \"The ends justify the means\" is an often used aphorism to express the Outcome effect when the outcome is desirable.\n\nThe reason why an individual makes this mistake is that he or she will incorporate currently available information when evaluating a past decision. To avoid the influence of outcome bias, one should evaluate a decision by ignoring information collected after the fact and focusing on what the right answer is, or was at the time the decision was made.\n\nOutside of psychological experiments, the outcome bias has been found to be substantially present in real world situations. A study looking at the evaluation of football players' performance by coaches and journalists found that players' performance is judged to be substantially better—over a whole match—if the player had a lucky goal rather than an unlucky miss (after a player's shot hit one of the goal posts).\n\nSee also\n Deontology vs. teleology and consequentialism (ethical theories)\n Group attribution error\n Historian's fallacy\n List of cognitive biases\n\nReferences\n\nCognitive biases", "A four-part referendum on arbitration over a border dispute with Haiti was held in the Dominican Republic on 2 June 1895. Voters were asked whether an arbitration tribunal should be established, whether Pope Leo XIII would be an appropriate arbitrator, what compensation Haiti should receive if the outcome was favourable to the Dominican Republic, and whether the government should comply with the tribunal outcome if it was unfavourable to the Dominican Republic. All four proposals were approved by voters.\n\nAftermath\nAs a result of the referendum, the two countries signed an arbitration agreement on 3 July 1895. However, the Vatican declined the request, noting that it was \"restricted to the simple interpretation of Article 4 of the Treaty of 1874.\" Subsequently the countries agreed to form a mixed demarcation commission on 28 May 1899.\n\nSee also\nDominican Republic–Haiti relations\n\nReferences\n\n1895 referendums\n1895 in the Dominican Republic\n1895\nJune 1895 events\nDominican Republic–Haiti relations" ]

[ "Hugh Trevor-Roper", "General crisis of the 17th century" ]

[ "The Special Committee on the Financial, Economic and Social Crisis (CRIS) was a special committee of the European Parliament. It was created in October 2009 to assess the fallout from the great financial crisis and make recommendations to prevent a similar upheaval. A significant resolution was adopted in October 2010. It is codified in what is known as a mid-term report, however, because the mandate was extended to July 2011. Then, a final resolution was adopted. The work of the committee is important in relation to drafting policy in the areas of EU financial supervision and governance, in the context of the European sovereign debt crisis.\n\nMembers\n\nSee also\n Wall Street and the Financial Crisis: Anatomy of a Financial Collapse\n European System of Financial Supervisors\n Committees of the European Parliament\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n CRIS' official webpage\n The CRIS final report\n Wolf Klinz interviewed in October 2009 \n\nEconomic", "\"The Present Crisis\" is an 1845 poem by James Russell Lowell. It was written as a protest against the Mexican–American War. Decades later, it became the inspiration for the title of The Crisis, the magazine published by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n\nComposition and publication history\n\nLowell wrote the poem at a time when the United States government was considering the annexation of Texas as a state allowing slavery, which Lowell and others opposed because it would increase power in the South. Further, he worried that the precedent would be set to expand slavery into California and the southwest. In 1844, John Greenleaf Whittier, a poet actively working for the antislavery movement, asked Lowell to write a poem to inspire others. In a letter to Lowell, Whittier wrote: \"Give me one that shall be to our cause what the song of Rouget de Lisle was to the French Republicans\", referring to \"La Marseillaise\", now the national anthem of France.\n\nThe result was Lowell's poem, first published as \"Verses Suggested by the Present Crisis\" in the Boston Courier for December 11, 1845, before being included in his compilation Poems as \"The Present Crisis\" in 1848. The poem was immediately successful, both critically and among readers, in part by invoking the country's past as a way to remind people of the present day to strive to be on the right side of history. It rapidly became an anthem of the antislavery movement and was quoted by antislavery leaders such as William Lloyd Garrison and others. Modern scholar Marcus Wood noted, \"if abolition had a single poetic anthem then this was it\".\n\nLowell also expressed the country's anxiety and distrust during the Mexican–American War in his 1848 satire, The Biglow Papers. In the book, which became immediately popular, Lowell used black comedy to depict what the war meant to the United States and proponents of slavery.\n\nLegacy\nIn the summer of 1910, when members of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People were preparing to create a magazine for the organization, Mary White Ovington mentioned Lowell's poem \"The Present Crisis\". A board member responded, \"There is the name of your magazine\". The publication was titled The Crisis and W. E. B. Du Bois served as its first editor. Martin Luther King Jr. frequently quoted the poem in his speeches and sermons. The poem was also the source of the hymn \"Once to Every Man and Nation\".\n\nOn February 11, 2021, an excerpt from \"The Present Crisis\" was quoted by Dr. Barry Black as part of the opening prayer at the Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n\"The Present Crisis\" at Academy of American Poets\n\"The Present Crisis\" at Hymnary.org\n\n1845 poems\nAmerican poems" ]

[ "Hugh Trevor-Roper", "General crisis of the 17th century", "What was the crisis?", "a widespread break-down in politics, economics and society caused by demographic, social, religious, economic and political problems." ]

[ "\"The Present Crisis\" is an 1845 poem by James Russell Lowell. It was written as a protest against the Mexican–American War. Decades later, it became the inspiration for the title of The Crisis, the magazine published by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n\nComposition and publication history\n\nLowell wrote the poem at a time when the United States government was considering the annexation of Texas as a state allowing slavery, which Lowell and others opposed because it would increase power in the South. Further, he worried that the precedent would be set to expand slavery into California and the southwest. In 1844, John Greenleaf Whittier, a poet actively working for the antislavery movement, asked Lowell to write a poem to inspire others. In a letter to Lowell, Whittier wrote: \"Give me one that shall be to our cause what the song of Rouget de Lisle was to the French Republicans\", referring to \"La Marseillaise\", now the national anthem of France.\n\nThe result was Lowell's poem, first published as \"Verses Suggested by the Present Crisis\" in the Boston Courier for December 11, 1845, before being included in his compilation Poems as \"The Present Crisis\" in 1848. The poem was immediately successful, both critically and among readers, in part by invoking the country's past as a way to remind people of the present day to strive to be on the right side of history. It rapidly became an anthem of the antislavery movement and was quoted by antislavery leaders such as William Lloyd Garrison and others. Modern scholar Marcus Wood noted, \"if abolition had a single poetic anthem then this was it\".\n\nLowell also expressed the country's anxiety and distrust during the Mexican–American War in his 1848 satire, The Biglow Papers. In the book, which became immediately popular, Lowell used black comedy to depict what the war meant to the United States and proponents of slavery.\n\nLegacy\nIn the summer of 1910, when members of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People were preparing to create a magazine for the organization, Mary White Ovington mentioned Lowell's poem \"The Present Crisis\". A board member responded, \"There is the name of your magazine\". The publication was titled The Crisis and W. E. B. Du Bois served as its first editor. Martin Luther King Jr. frequently quoted the poem in his speeches and sermons. The poem was also the source of the hymn \"Once to Every Man and Nation\".\n\nOn February 11, 2021, an excerpt from \"The Present Crisis\" was quoted by Dr. Barry Black as part of the opening prayer at the Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n\"The Present Crisis\" at Academy of American Poets\n\"The Present Crisis\" at Hymnary.org\n\n1845 poems\nAmerican poems", "Minnie Throop England (1875-1941) was an economist and an Assistant Professor at the University of Nebraska at Lincoln from 1906 to 1921. Prior to World War I, England published many articles related to the field of monetary economics and economic fluctuations, challenging the common stereotype that the focus of early female economists was primarily on gender issues or labor economics. From 1912 to 1915, she presented her analysis of entrepreneurial promotion of new enterprises as the cause of crises in the business cycle in four major articles in the Quarterly Journal of Economics and the Journal of Political Economy. She was an important critic of Irving Fisher's monetary theory of fluctuations.\n\nBiography \nEngland was a native of Lincoln, Nebraska. She graduated from Nebraska Wesleyan University, Lincoln, and married a classmate, who became a farmer. In 1906, England received her P.h.D from the University of Nebraska at Lincoln. At university, she studied with William George Langworthy Taylor, who published the “Kinetic Theory of Economic Crises” in 1904 in the University of Nebraska University Studies. After England graduated from the school, she taught economics as an assistant professor there. The majority of England's works were published before 1915. Her main scholarly foci were monetary economics and economic fluctuations. Her work on crises and cycles appeared after the publication of Irving Fisher's Purchasing Power of Money in 1911. During this remarkable period of research on monetary and cycle theory, England published several articles such as Fisher's Theory of Crises: A Criticism in 1912 and An Analysis of the Crisis Cycle in 1913. Her work was recognized by several leading economists such as Fisher and Joseph Schumpeter. Although England's research output and her publication of economic articles was on a par with Professors in the same department, she was never promoted due to the political atmosphere of the department during World War I. In 1920, she left the university.\n\nResearch \n\nMinnie Throop England's dissertation “Church Government and Church Control” was never published, and was unrelated to her later scholarship. England's main scholarly interest was monetary economics, economic fluctuations, and analysis of promotion as the cause of crises. In England's early research, her work was published in monographs at the University of Nebraska University Studies. During 1912 to 1915, she published several articles in the Quarterly Journal of Economics and the Journal of Political Economy.\n\n\"Statistical Inquiry into the Influence of Credit Upon the Level of Price\" (1907) \nThe main focus of this paper was to \"determine the relationship between credit and short-time fluctuations between gold and prices\". The paper was divided into three parts: the rise of price, the fall of price, and an analysis of the movement of commodity prices. This article was reviewed by Irving Fisher in 1908 in Yale Review, and Fisher commented on the novelty of the method used by England. Fisher noted that England's method of measurement \"consists in noting the years of lowest and highest points for prices, clearings, loans, note circulation, deposits, etc. It is found that beginning with the lowest point of depression following a crisis, clearings which are taken as a good index of the amount of credit used in transactions begin to increase before the commodity prices rather than the increase of prices being a cause of the increase in clearings\".\n\n\"Fisher's Theory of Crises: A Criticism\" (1912) \nIn this article, England critiqued the theory of Crises in The Purchasing Power of Money by Irving Fisher. She held that “the greater part of the literature on the subject of crises is disheartening reading because of the vagueness of the terms employed and the care with which the crucial question is evaded, – what brings prosperity to a halt?... An examination of five crises in Germany and six in England does not bring to light any uniform tendency for interest as a cost of production to lag behind prices,”. She also stated that “sometimes a crisis occurs even though virtual [i.e. real] interest rates are abnormally low, as in 1873 in Germany and England, or in 1900 in the latter country” and that “prosperity may continue for several years after virtual interest rates are high, as in the crisis of 1883 in England”. “It looks as if it could more properly be said that the rapid rise of virtual interest rates was due to the stoppage of prosperity, than that the check to prosperity comes from the rise of virtual interest rates”.\n\n\"An Analysis of the Crisis Cycle\" (1913) \nIn this paper, England's argues that the \"industrial cycle was driven by the demand for goods. Increased demand for goods during the prosperity phase of the cycle was due to promotion, that is, from efforts to procure capital goods to enlarge industries and to establish new ones. The demand [for] new and expanding companies for capital goods raised the price of such goods and hence the profits of their producers. Increased demand for consumption of goods was a consequence of prosperity, not its cause\". Furthermore, she holds that there are three possible causes for an industrial crisis: (1) \" investors have taken all the risks they care to assume\".; (2) \"banks refuse to increase their loans further given their capital and reserves\"; or (3) “because distrust has been awakened regarding the future course of enterprise,” that is, a revision of expectations of future profitability.\n\n\"Promotion as the Cause of Crises\" (1915) \nIn this article, England attempts to show that \"even when prosperity is not interrupted by extraneous causes such as natural calamities (crop failure, fires, floods, and so on) or by political disturbances, threat of wars, and the like, active promotion, the cause of rising prosperity, still sets in operation forces which lead to a financial crisis, tend to check promotion activity, and cause a return to a condition of depression such as characterized the beginning of the period\". England argues that crises are the price of progress, which means that the more rapid the progress, the more severe the crises. Her theory of promotion is similar to Schumpeter's view of the role of innovating entrepreneurs in cycles and development.\n\nReferences \n\n1875 births\n1941 deaths\nUniversity of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni\nPeople from Lincoln, Nebraska\nNebraska Wesleyan University alumni" ]

[ "Hugh Trevor-Roper", "General crisis of the 17th century", "What was the crisis?", "a widespread break-down in politics, economics and society caused by demographic, social, religious, economic and political problems.", "What was the cause of the crisis?", "religious and intellectual changes introduced by the Reformation and the Renaissance" ]

[ "A consensus–expectations gap is a gap between what a group of decision-makers are expected to agree on, and what they are actually able to agree on. The expression was first used by Asle Toje in the book The European Union as a small power : after the post-Cold War. The term owes to Christopher Hill's capability–expectations gap between what the European Communities had been talked up to do and what the collective was actually able to deliver. Hill saw the capability–expectations gap as having three primary components, namely, the ability to agree, resource availability and the instruments at its disposal. The 'consensus–expectations gap' focuses on one of Hill's variables: the ability to agree.\n\nReferences\n\nDecision-making\nEuropean Union", "Earle Herrera (23 April 1949 – 19 December 2021) was a Venezuelan journalist and politician. He was elected to the 2017 Constituent National Assembly. On 4 September, Herrera, the president of a Constituency commission, resigned, alleging sectarianism during the election of the commission presidents, which he did not agree with. \n\nHerrera died on 19 December 2021, at the age of 72.\n\nReferences\n\n1949 births\n2021 deaths\nVenezuelan journalists\nMembers of the National Assembly (Venezuela)\nCentral University of Venezuela faculty\nCentral University of Venezuela alumni\nUnited Socialist Party of Venezuela politicians\nPeople from Anzoátegui\nPeople of the Crisis in Venezuela" ]

[ "Hugh Trevor-Roper", "General crisis of the 17th century", "What was the crisis?", "a widespread break-down in politics, economics and society caused by demographic, social, religious, economic and political problems.", "What was the cause of the crisis?", "religious and intellectual changes introduced by the Reformation and the Renaissance", "Did everyone agree there was actually a crisis?", "The \"general crisis\" thesis generated controversy" ]

[ "Trevor Dean is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, Coronation Street, played by Steve Jackson. He first appears during the episode airing on 28 January 2010 as a lodger for Janice Battersby (Vicky Entwistle).\n\nHe lodged with Janice at 14a Victoria Street from February to October 2010. He dated Carla Connor (Alison King), who gave him a managerial job at her lingerie factory Underworld but he quit and left the area when the arrangement didn't work out. He returned in March 2011, and later left with Janice to go traveling.\n\nStorylines\n\n2010–2011\nIn January 2010, whilst working, Trevor refuses to empty Janice Battersby's (Vicky Entwistle) wheelie bin as the lid is not down. Janice is annoyed but is smitten with Trevor when he responds to her advertisement for a lodger, needing somewhere to live after splitting up with his ex-girlfriend. Trevor enjoys living with Janice but does not realize that she is attracted to him. When he takes in two stray cats, Janice puts up with them despite being allergic. In February, Trevor is looking for Janice and finds her boss, Carla Connor (Alison King), cleaning so he thinks she is the cleaner. When he later sees her at The Rovers, they exchange numbers and agree to a date until Trevor sees Underworld'''s real cleaner, Teresa Bryant (Karen Henthorn), and Carla getting out of her expensive car. Rather than being angry at Carla's deception, Trevor is bemused, and he and Carla go on to have an enjoyable first date. From then on, their romance blossoms.\n\nIn May 2010, Trevor tries to organize a World Cup trip for Steve McDonald (Simon Gregson), Ashley Peacock (Steven Arnold), Peter Barlow (Chris Gascoyne) and Tyrone Dobbs (Alan Halsall), on the condition that they keep it from their wives and girlfriends. On 14 May, Janice finds a suitcase full of cash under Trevor's bed and asks him what it is, worried he earned it illegally, so Trevor reveals that it is his savings for the World Cup and Janice agrees to keep quiet, providing she can come too. Trevor also tries to negotiate a business deal for Carla in the Rovers Return when a businessman thinks he is Carla's business partner. Trevor hears that Carla's ex-husband Tony Gordon (Gray O'Brien) has escaped from prison and seeks to use this as a reason to stay with Carla. After the siege at the factory, Trevor helps Carla recover and asks her to go to the World Cup with him. She accepts and they spend two weeks in South Africa. They return in July 2010 and Carla offers Trevor a trainee manager's position at Underworld. He accepts but this annoys her business partner and shareholder Nick Tilsley (Ben Price) who considers Trevor incompetent. Trevor is unhappy and after making a number of costly mistakes, his relationship with Carla is strained. The final straw comes when Nick insults him and Trevor punches him in front of everyone at the factory and has a blazing row with Carla, who admits that their relationship is no longer working. He tells Carla that she has never got over the death of her former lover and brother-in-law Liam Connor (Rob James-Collier) and that he cannot live in the shadow of a dead man. Later that night in the Rovers' smoking shelter, Trevor recounts the events of his day to Lloyd Mullaney (Craig Charles) who convinces him to get in touch with his ex-girlfriend, Michaela, and look to the future. With Lloyd's advice in mind, Trevor comes to realize that there is nothing left for him in Weatherfield. He decides to go to Swansea and attempt a reconciliation with Michaela. As he moves his belongings out of Carla's apartment, he warns her to be vigilant about her drinking. Trevor then comforts her about their broken relationship and wishes her well and leaves.\n\nIn March 2011, Janice informs Eileen Grimshaw (Sue Cleaver) and Sean Tully (Antony Cotton) that she thought she saw Trevor and tells Carla but Carla insists that she was seeing things. A few days later, Janice bumps into Trevor in Roy's Rolls, he tells her he has been in the area for the past month. He later spots Janice in the rain and he asks her to go for a drink with him. She agrees and they go to The Rovers. The next day, he asks Janice to leave with him and she agrees after saying goodbye to stepdaughter Leanne (Jane Danson). Izzy Armstrong (Cherylee Houston) sees them about to leave and tells everyone in the pub, so Trevor deliberately drives through a puddle, soaking them, with Janice shouting \"Losers\" as they drive off into the distance together.\n\nCreation and development\n\nBackground\nThe character of Trevor is introduced in early 2010 as a bin-man and lodger for Janice Battersby. Trevor forms a mis-matched relationship with Carla Connor and also plans a trip to the World Cup.\n\nDeparture and return\nOn 6 May 2010 it was reported that the character of Trevor would be axed and the actor's contract terminated.\nThis came as part of a wider drive by new producer Phil Collinson to revive the show and improve the quality of the performers involved. The character left on 4 October 2010.\n\nTrevor returned briefly in March 2011 to enable the departure of Janice Battersby.\n\nReceptionInside Soap'' have branded Trevor as one of the departed characters in 2010 that will not be remembered in the future.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCoronation Street characters\nTelevision characters introduced in 2010\nAmerican male characters in television\nFictional factory workers\nFictional people from Manchester\nFictional managers", "Lizard Boy: The Musical is an indie-rock musical with book, lyrics and music by Justin Huertas. The musical follows the story of Trevor, a young man who has lizard scales for skin as he embarks on his first date in a year but winds up finding out he has superpowers and in a fight for his life. The musical was inspired by works such as X-Men, Spider-Man and the 2006 musical Spring Awakening.\n\nProductions\n\nWorld premiere \nLizard Boy made its world premiere on 27 March 2015 at the Seattle Repertory Theatre. It was directed by Brandon Ivie and featured Justin Huertas as Trevor, William A. WIlliams as Cary and Kirsten \"Kiki\" deLohr Helland as Siren.\n\nOther productions \nThe show had two other runs with the same cast, one at the Divisionary Theatre in San Diego from 29 September 2016 to 6 November 2016 and another at the Mountain View Center for the Performing Arts in Silicon Valley from 9 October 2021 to 31 October 2021.\n\nPlot \nTrevor, a young man with green lizard scales on his skin, sits in his room and laments a failed relationship, attributing the breakup to his scales (\"Trevor's Song\"). Tired, he takes a nap and dreams of a strange woman singing hauntingly to him (\"Overture\"). When he awakens, he decides to download Grindr and soon receives a message from a stranger named Cary (\"4th and Vine\"). He contemplates his life so far (\"Things I Want\") and decides to agree to meet Cary. \n\nWhen he arrives at Cary's apartment, Cary immediately starts flirting with him. However, he accidentally assumes that Trevor's scales are a costume for \"Monster Fest\" (the festival the city is celebrating that day), causing Trevor to feel insulted and leave. Desperate for him to stay, Cary improvises a song (\"Cary's Song\") and is able to convince Trevor to come back to his apartment. In Cary's apartment, Trevor sees a magazine with the face of the \"Dream Girl\" on the cover.\n\nThe scene flashes forward to the \"Dream Girl\" (Siren) performing \"A Terrible Ride\". When she finishes her set, she goes backstage and a curious Trevor follows, leaving Cary alone. Starstruck, Trevor asks if he can perform a song for her and she agrees.\n\nThe scene returns to Cary's apartment where the two men share a drink. Cary, being new to town, asks what Monster Fest is. Trevor reluctantly explains that it is a celebration of the defeat of the dragon that terrorised the city 20 years ago (\"Recess\"). He also mentions that when said Dragon was decapitated, Trevor and five other children wound up covered in its blood, which caused the scales to develop on his skin. \n\nThe scene returns to the club, where Siren is impatiently asking Trevor to perform. Simultaneously, Cary's conversation with Trevor plays, and both Siren and Cary urge Trevor to sing. Feeling confident, he plays (\"Another Part of Me\"), causing both Siren and Cary to feel a sense of connection to him.\n\nAs Siren and Trevor talk, Siren realises who Trevor really is and explains that she too is one of 6 children involved in the dragon incident. She explains that all the children involved developed superpowers. She believes that the dragons will return and overrun the city this year and enlists Trevor's help in defeating them (\"A Myth to Live By\").\n\nTrevor refuses, stating that he is powerless, and decides to leave and find Cary. Siren threatens to kill him to obtain his powers if he doesn't help her just like she did to all the other children. When Trevor still tries to leave, she stops him with her \"siren song\". Fighting hard, Trevor is able to break free and leave but Siren makes chase.\n\nTrevor finds Cary at a diner, eating by himself. When he tries to apologise, Cary dismisses him confessing how betrayed he felt when Trevor left with no explanation. Trevor once again tries to apologise, this time stating his faults and confessing that he sincerely wants to be friends with Cary (\"Things I Worry About\"). Cary accepts his apology and they decide to continue their date at the park (\"The Woah Song\"). Trevor goes in to kiss Cary, but suddenly feels a sharp pain on his back. \n\nWhen he goes to check, he realises that there is a spike on his back that cut Cary and sees that he also accidentally cut one of his own fingers off while checking. Cary gets a bit woozy at the sight of the blood. Trevor mistakes the reaction for disgust because of his appearance and accuses Cary of being shallow and leaves. As he goes Cary reminds Trevor that he's being just as judgemental as he assumes others are (\"Truth is What Matters\"). As Cary leaves, Siren sees and captures him.\n\nAs Trevor heads home, he resolves to never leave his apartment again (\"Lizard Boy\"). As he reflects on the night, he realises he's about to throw away the only chance at a genuine friendship with someone who accepts him as he is. At the same time, he accidentally finds that he has telekinetic powers when he lifts a trash can with his mind. In this moment he decides to finally accept himself as he is.\n\nHe gets a text from Cary asking to meet at the Park again (\"Sculpture Park\"). He suddenly discovers that he is able to communicate with Siren on the astral plane and reveals that she was actually catfishing him using Cary's phone. She threatens to kill Cary causing Trevor to rush back to the park (\"Take Me to Bed\").\n\nWhen he arrives at the park, Siren once again asks him to help her fight against the dragon, but he refuses again, still not believing her Dragon theory. He asks her why she murdered the others and she reveals that she did so to obtain their powers because they all refused to help her.\n\nThe two get in a big fight where Siren uses a body-controlled Cary to fight Trevor. Trevor does his best to dodge all the attacks (\"The Fight\"). Siren finally decides to make Cary turn his knife on himself, causing Trevor to suddenly yell out his own siren song to stop her. Unfortunately, he faints due to the strain. When he wakes up, Cary offers him a hand. But before he realises something is wrong, Cary stabs him and shapeshifts back into Siren. When the real Cary comes to Trevor's rescue, Siren knocks him out. \n\nBefore Siren can obtain Trevor's Powers, giant green wings sprout from Trevor's back and he rises off the ground, wounds healed. When Siren makes a final attempt to kill Trevor, their siren songs clash and Siren gets blasted against a wall and passes out. Trevor rushes over to Cary and mourns his loss (\"I Was Gonna Call You Tomorrow\"). Suddenly, Cary bursts back to life, having had some of Trevor's healing ability transferred to him by his spilt blood. \n\nAs the sun rises, the two hear a rumbling in the distance. The dragons have actually come. Trevor and Cary stand hand-in-hand and Siren rises to her feet and the three share a look and charge into battle.\n\nCast and characters\n\nMusical numbers \n \"Trevor's Song\"- Trevor\n \"Overture\"- Siren\n \"4th and Vine\"- Cary & Trevor\n \"Cary's Song\"- Cary\n \"A Terrible Ride\"- Siren\n \"Recess\"- Trevor, Siren & Cary\n \"Another Part of Me\"- Trevor, Siren & Cary\n \"Myth to Live By\"- Trevor, Siren & Cary\n \"Things I Worry About\"*\n \"The Woah Song\"- Trevor, Siren & Cary\n \"Truth is What Matters\" (previously known as \"I Might Stay\")- Trevor, Siren & Cary\n \"Lizard Boy\"- Trevor, Siren & Cary\n \"Sculpture Park\"- Trevor & Cary\n \"Take Me to Bed\"- Trevor, Siren & Cary\n \"The Fight\"- Siren\n\nBonus tracks \n \"Don't Know Where to Go\"- Trevor, Siren & Cary\n \"Old Man\"- Trevor, Siren & Cary\n\n* Not included in original cast recording\n\nOrchestration \nAll instrumental accompaniment was performed by the actors themselves and was incorporated into the performance.\n\n Cello\n Guitar\n Ukulele\n Piano\n Kazoo\n Melodica\n Glockenspiel\n Beatbox\n Drum case\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nReferences \n\nAmerican musicals\n2015 musicals" ]

[ "Hugh Trevor-Roper", "General crisis of the 17th century", "What was the crisis?", "a widespread break-down in politics, economics and society caused by demographic, social, religious, economic and political problems.", "What was the cause of the crisis?", "religious and intellectual changes introduced by the Reformation and the Renaissance", "Did everyone agree there was actually a crisis?", "The \"general crisis\" thesis generated controversy", "Did people agree with Trevor?", "Eric Hobsbawm, who agreed with him that there was a \"general crisis,\"" ]

[ "Remo D'Souza (born Ramesh Gopi; 2 April 1974), is an Indian choreographer, actor, and film director.\n\nPersonal life\nD'Souza hails from Olavakkode, Palakkad, Kerala, and was born on April 2, 1974, in Bangalore to a chef in the Indian Air Force, and Madhvi Laxmi. He has an elder brother, Ganesh, and four sisters. He did his schooling at the Air Force School, Jamnagar, Gujarat. During his school days, he was an athlete and won prizes in the 100 meter race.\n\nRemo D'souza studied in Jamnagar, Gujarat. He did his 12th from there and during his HSC board exam, he realized that he didn't have any interest in studies. He immediately left school and went to Mumbai, but his father wanted him to join the Indian Air Force. Whatever he has learned about dance until now is on his own. He learned to dance by watching movies, music videos, etc. He would rather say Michael Jackson is his guru as he used to copy his steps watching his dance on the television and then choreograph his own steps by adding something extra.\n\nHe is married to Lizelle, an Anglo-Indian from Mumbai. Lizelle is a costume designer who has designed costumes for many television shows. They have two sons, Dhruv and Gabriel. Currently D'Souza lives with his family, in Andheri West, Mumbai. She also works with him and helps him in various projects. \n\nOn 11 December 2020, D'Souza suffered a heart attack and was admitted to the ICU of Kokilaben Hospital, Mumbai.\n\nCareer\nD'Souza is a choreographer in Bollywood films and music videos. He has choreographed a number of films. Remo made his television debut with the dance reality show Dance India Dance (DID) along with choreographer Terence Lewis and Geeta Kapoor as judges and mentors. They trained 18 contestants in dance form of ballet, acrobatics, mid-air dancing, contemporary, Bollywood and hip-hop. He made his directorial debut with the comedy film F.A.L.T.U, which received a positive response from critics.\n\nRemo's next directorial venture was the coming-of-age 3D dance-based film ABCD: Any Body Can Dance which starring Prabhu Deva, Dharmesh Yelande, Lauren Gottlieb, Salman Yusuff Khan and Punit Pathak. ABCD received positive reviews from critics and the film's soundtrack also received positive response from critics.\n\nIn 2015, Remo directed the second installment of the ABCD franchise, titled Disney's ABCD 2. It stars Varun Dhawan, Shraddha Kapoor, Prabhu Deva, Raghav Juyal, Lauren Gottlieb, Dharmesh Yelande and Punit Pathak, the film explores the career journey of Suresh and Vernon of the \"fictitious dance crew\" Kings United India, who went on to win the World Hip Hop Dance Championship in San Diego. The film received positive reviews from critics and the film's soundtrack also received a positive response from critics.\n\nLater, he appeared on of Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa with the Indian actress Madhuri Dixit and director Karan Johar. He was also the \"super judge\" on the prime time dance show Dance Plus on Star Plus, along with host Raghav Juyal and team captains Dharmesh Yelande, Shakti Mohan, and Punit Pathak.\n\nIn 2016, Remo directed A Flying Jatt, It was released on 24 August 2016, which starring Tiger Shroff, Jacqueline Fernandez, and Nathan Jones. The film tells the story of an ordinary man (Shroff) who gains superpowers. The film received mixed reviews from critics and Anupama Chopra from the Hindustan Times gave the film 1.5 stars out of 5 and said \"The first half of A Flying Jatt has moments of fun – I loved that despite being a superhero he has a fear of heights, so he flies very close to the ground. But post-interval, laughter takes a back seat.\n\nLater, he judged the of Dance Plus along with host Raghav Juyal and team captains Dharmesh Yelande, Shakti Mohan, and Punit Pathak. He then appeared as a judge on the reality show Dance Champions opposite Terence Lewis.\n\nHe also directed Race 3 the film featured Salman Khan, Anil Kapoor, Bobby Deol, Jacqueline Fernandez, Daisy Shah, Saqib Saleem and Freddy Daruwala. Race 3 was an internationally mounted saga of a family that deals in borderline crime. It was released on 15 June 2018 coinciding with Eid Though the movie received negative reviews, it was a box office success collecting over ₹178.98 crores in India and approximately ₹303 crores worldwide.\n\nD'Souza judged of Dance Plus along with host Raghav Juyal, Sugandha Mishra and team captains Dharmesh Yelande, Shakti Mohan , Suresh Mukund , Karishma Chawan , and Punit Pathak. \n\nIn 2020, Remo directed the third installment of ABCD Franchise titled ''Street Dancer 3D which retained some of original casts including Varun Dhawan, Shraddha Kapoor, Prabhu Deva, Raghav Juyal, Dharmesh Yelande, Punit Pathak and added Nora Fatehi , Salman Yusuff Khan and Varthika Jha. The film tells the story of two rival dance groups, despise each other and participate in a dance battle. Later, they decide to join hands for a greater cause. It was released on 24 January 2020 and received positive reviews from critics. The film has a worldwide gross collection of ₹97 crores and the film's soundtrack also received a positive response from critics.\n\nAwards\n\nFilmography\n\nChoreography\n\nTelevision\n\nMusic videos\nHere are the music videos directed by Remo\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n\nIndian choreographers\n1974 births\nLiving people\nIndian male dancers\nPopping dancers\nDancers from Karnataka\nArtists from Bangalore\nBest Choreography National Film Award winners", "Modernization theory is the predominant explanation for emergence of nationalism among scholars of nationalism. Prominent modernization scholars, such as Ernest Gellner, Benedict Anderson and Eric Hobsbawn, argue that nationalism is a phenomenon that arose with the processes of modernization during the late 18th century. Processes that lead to the emergence of nationalism include industrialization and democratic revolutions.\n\nModernization theory stands in contrast to primordialism and perennialism, which hold that nations are biological, innate phenomena or that they have ancient roots. Critics such as Anthony D. Smith and Philip Gorski argue that nationalisms did exist prior to modernity. Critics have argued that modernization theory's applicability to nationalism in European colonies is limited, as more modernized colonies did not undergo nationalist mobilization earlier.\n\nSee also \n\n Primordialism\n Gellner's theory of nationalism\n Ethnosymbolism\n Modernization theory\n Nationalism studies\n Social constructivism\n\nReferences \n\nSociocultural evolution theory\nModernity\nNationalism studies" ]

[ "Hugh Trevor-Roper", "General crisis of the 17th century", "What was the crisis?", "a widespread break-down in politics, economics and society caused by demographic, social, religious, economic and political problems.", "What was the cause of the crisis?", "religious and intellectual changes introduced by the Reformation and the Renaissance", "Did everyone agree there was actually a crisis?", "The \"general crisis\" thesis generated controversy", "Did people agree with Trevor?", "Eric Hobsbawm, who agreed with him that there was a \"general crisis,\"", "Did he have any critics?", "A third faction denied that there was any \"general crisis,\" for example the Dutch historian Ivo Schoffer," ]

[ "In baseball, a fair ball is a batted ball that entitles the batter to attempt to reach first base. By contrast, a foul ball is a batted ball that does not entitle the batter to attempt to reach first base. Whether a batted ball is fair or foul is determined by the location of the ball at the appropriate reference point, as follows:\n\n if the ball leaves the playing field without touching anything, the point where the ball leaves the field;\n else, if the ball first lands past first or third base without touching anything, the point where the ball lands;\n else, if the ball rolls or bounces past first or third base without touching anything other than the ground, the point where the ball passes the base;\n else, if the ball touches anything other than the ground (such as an umpire, a player, or any equipment left on the field) before any of the above happens, the point of such touching;\n else (the ball comes to a rest before reaching first or third base), the point where the ball comes to a rest.\n\nIf any part of the ball is on or above fair territory at the appropriate reference point, it is fair; else it is foul. Fair territory or fair ground is defined as the area of the playing field between the two foul lines, and includes the foul lines themselves and the foul poles. However, certain exceptions exist:\n\n A ball that touches first, second, or third base is always fair.\n Under Rule 5.09(a)(7)-(8), if a batted ball touches the batter or his bat while the batter is in the batter's box and not intentionally interfering with the course of the ball, the ball is foul.\n A ball that hits the foul pole without first having touched anything else off the bat is fair.\n Ground rules may provide whether a ball hitting specific objects (e.g. roof, overhead speaker) is fair or foul.\n\nOn a fair ball, the batter attempts to reach first base or any subsequent base, runners attempt to advance and fielders try to record outs. A fair ball is considered a live ball until the ball becomes dead by leaving the field or any other method.\n\nReferences\n\nBaseball rules", "Transcendent truths are those unaffected by time or space. They define the world, but are not defined by the world. An example of a transcendent truth is \"God is good\", or \"there is no God\". Either way, how one looks at things contained by time and space is a result of the transcendent truth. One is true; both cannot be true at the same time.\n\nWorld views are made up of transcendent truths, things we believe are true before we question whether or not anything else is true.\n\nTheories of truth" ]

[ "Hugh Trevor-Roper", "General crisis of the 17th century", "What was the crisis?", "a widespread break-down in politics, economics and society caused by demographic, social, religious, economic and political problems.", "What was the cause of the crisis?", "religious and intellectual changes introduced by the Reformation and the Renaissance", "Did everyone agree there was actually a crisis?", "The \"general crisis\" thesis generated controversy", "Did people agree with Trevor?", "Eric Hobsbawm, who agreed with him that there was a \"general crisis,\"", "Did he have any critics?", "A third faction denied that there was any \"general crisis,\" for example the Dutch historian Ivo Schoffer,", "Is there anything else important?", "Trevor-Roper's \"general crisis\" thesis provoked much discussion, and led experts in 17th century history" ]

[ "Provoke (Purovōku, ), with its subtitle of Provocative Materials for Thought (Shisō no tame no chōhatsuteki shiryō ), was an experimental small press Japanese photography magazine founded in 1968 by critic/photographers Kōji Taki and Takuma Nakahira, photographer Yutaka Takanashi, and writer . Daidō Moriyama joined with the second issue. Provoke was \"a platform for a new photographic expression\", \"to free photography from subservience to the language of words\", \"that stood in opposition to the photography establishment\". It was a quarterly magazine that also included poetry, criticism and photographic theory. Provoke has been described as having \"lasted for only three issues\" but with \"profound effect upon Japanese photography in the 1970s and 80s,\" and is said to have \"spread a completely new idea of photography in Japan.\"\n\nDetails\nThe three issues of Provoke magazine were published on 1 November 1968, and 10 March and 10 August 1969, each in an edition of 1,000 copies.\n\nThe Provoke manifesto declared that visual images cannot completely represent an idea as words can, yet photographs can provoke language and ideas, \"resulting in a new language and in new meanings\"; the photographer can capture what cannot be expressed in words, presenting photographs as \"documents\" for others to read, hence Provoke'''s \"provocative materials for thought\" subtitle. \n\nThe visual style of the photographs in Provoke has been said to be, in Japanese, 'are-bure-boke', translated as 'grainy/rough, blurry, out-of-focus', a style already found in mainstream magazines such as Asahi Camera and Camera Mainichi. Nakahira and Moriyama had been experimenting with 'are-bure-boke' prior to their involvement in Provoke, and Moriyama's 12-part conceptual project \"Akushidento (Accident)\" for Asahi Camera in 1969 took the approach in new directions. There were other comparable radical magazines and groups at the time including Geribara 5, which published three books. Asahi Journal, Kikan shashin eizō (The Photo Image) and Design also served as platforms for avant garde photography in the 'are-bure-boke' style by Nakahira, Moriyama and others.\n\nOn 31 March 1970 the collective published the book 4. Mazu tashikarashisa no sekai o suterō: Shashin to gengo no shisō (First Abandon the World of Pseudo-Certainty: Thoughts on Photography and Language), through Tabata Shoten. A review of the group's activity, it is regarded as the Provoke No. 4 that is mentioned in No. 3. It contains photographs by Moriyama, Nakahira, Takanashi and Taki and text by , Nakahira, Okada and Taki.\n\nAll three issues of Provoke appeared in The Open Book, a traveling exhibition that tracked \"the history of the photographic medium in the twentieth century through printed images in book form\".\n\nWork from Provoke was shown in the 2016/2017 touring exhibition Provoke: Between Protest and Performance – Photography in Japan 1960/1975 at Albertina in Vienna, Fotomuseum Winterthur in Switzerland, Le Bal in Paris and the Art Institute of Chicago.\n\nCritic Gerry Badger has written that the \"legendary Japanese magazine, Provoke, lasted for only three issues, but had a profound effect upon Japanese photography in the 1970s and 80s\".\n\nAcademic research\nThe first substantial academic investigation into Provoke is Chapter 3 of Fabienne Adler's 2009 Ph.D. thesis \"First, Abandon the World of Seeming Certainty: Theory and Practice of the 'Camera-Generated Image' in Nineteen-Sixties Japan\" (Stanford University). In 2010 a journal article on Daidō Moriyama contextualized that photographer's photographic experimentation of the late 1960s and early 1970s in relation to his contributions to Provoke. Yuko Fujii's 2012 Ph.D. thesis on Provoke was entitled \"Photography As Process: A Study of the Japanese Photography Journal Provoke\" (City University of New York). Matthew Witkovsky's chapter \"Provoke: Photography Up For Discussion\" in the 2016 exhibition catalogue Provoke: Between Protest and Performance contains new research. An article from 2016 by Gyewon Kim proposes that Provoke used paper as a metaphor for the city, thereby critiquing the Japanese state's imposition of homogeneous urban planning and design. A lengthy 2017 article in the journal History of Photography by Philip Charrier argues that Provoke was highly theoretical in orientation. It shows that under the leadership of Taki and Nakahira, and inspired by the early writings on photography by Roland Barthes, the collective set out to create photographic imagery that could escape language and code.\n\nIssuesProvoke 1: Shisō no tame no chōhatsuteki shiryō = Provoke 1: Provocative Resources for Thought. Tokyo: Purovōku-sha, 1968. With photographs by Nakahira, Takanashi and Taki and text by Takahiko and Taki. Edition of 1,000 copies.Provoke 2: Shisō no tame no chōhatsuteki shiryō = Provoke 2: Provocative Resources for Thought. Tokyo: Purovōku-sha, 1969. The theme was Eros. With photographs by Moriyama, Nakahira, Takanashi and Taki and text by Okada. Edition of 1,000 copies.Provoke 3: Shisō no tame no chōhatsuteki shiryō = Provoke 3: Provocative Resources for Thought. Tokyo: Purovōku-sha, 1969. With photographs by Moriyama, Nakahira, Takanashi, and Taki and text by Okada and Gōzō Yoshimasu. Edition of 1,000 copies.\n\nPublications reproducing Provoke materialThe Japanese Box: Facsimile Reprint of Six Rare Photographic Publications of the Provoke Era, published in 2001 by Edition 7L (Paris) and Steidl (Göttingen), contains facsimiles of the three issues of Provoke (as well as Nakahira's For a Language to Come, Moriyama's Farewell Photography and Nobuyoshi Araki's Sentimental Journey) and a newly edited booklet of explanatory material in English. The Box (an actual wooden box) was made in an edition of 1500. Does not include texts by Takahiko Okada.\n\nA catalog for the similarly named exhibition, Provoke: Between Protest and Performance, was published in 2016 by Steidl. It contains photographs from Provoke and from other photographers including Shomei Tomatsu and Araki, as well as texts from that period and newly written.Provoke: Complete Reprint of 3 Volumes was published in 2018 by Nitesha. It is a reprint of the three volumes of Provoke, including all images and all original texts (including those by Takahiko Okada) in Japanese. It also includes a supplemental volume with English and Chinese translations of the original Japanese texts.\n\nPublications about ProvokeProvoke.'' Tokyo: Seikyusha, 1996. Mostly text, in Japanese, with some photographs.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\n1968 establishments in Japan\n1969 disestablishments in Japan\nDefunct magazines published in Japan\nPhotography magazines published in Japan\nMagazines established in 1968\nMagazines disestablished in 1969\nQuarterly magazines", "Provoke (foaled 1962) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career which lasted from autumn 1964 until September 1965, he ran seven times and won four races. He won the Classic St Leger as a three-year-old in 1965, defeating Meadow Court by ten lengths. He was later exported to stand as a stallion in the Soviet Union.\n\nBackground\nProvoke was a bay horse with a narrow white blaze and white socks on his hind feet, bred and owned by Jakie Astor. He was sired by the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes winner Aureole. His dam, Tantalizer was a good racemare who was placed in the Irish Oaks and the Ribblesdale Stakes and was a half-sister of the outstanding stayer Trelawny. As a descendant of the mare Popinjay, Provoke was a member of the same branch of Thoroughbred family 1-n which produced Swale and Shadeed.\n\nAstor sent the colt into training with Dick Hern at stables in West Ilsley in Berkshire.\n\nRacing career\n\n1964: two-year-old season\nProvoke was slow to mature and was not highly tried as a two-year-old. He made his only racecourse appearance in late October, when he finished unplaced in the Theale Plate at Newbury Racecourse.\n\n1965: three-year-old season\nProvoke began the 1965 season by finishing fourth in the Glasgow Maiden Stakes at York Racecourse in early May and then finished second in the Shaw Maiden Plate at Newbury later in the month. He was never beaten again. In June, Provoke recorded his first win when taking the Childrey Maiden Stakes over thirteen furlongs at Newbury. He then won the Cranbourn Chase Stakes at Ascot in July and the Melrose Stakes at York in August.\n\nIn September, Provoke was sent to Doncaster to contest the St Leger. Provoke was ridden by Joe Mercer and started as a 28/1 outsider in a field of eleven runners. Meadow Court, the winner of the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes started 4/11 favourite in a race which was run on extremely soft ground. Provoke was well-suited and by the muddy conditions and after taking the lead three furlongs from the finish he pulled clear of the opposition to win by ten lengths. Meadow Court's connections offered no excuses apart from the state of the ground, which was described as the worst for 39 years. The result was described as \"one of the biggest upsets in British horse racing history\".\n\nProvoke remained in training in 1966, but was afflicted by a viral infection and did not run.\n\nAssessment\nProvoke was given a rating of 130 by Timeform in 1965.\n\nIn their book A Century of Champions, John Randall and Tony Morris rated Provoke an \"average\" St Leger winner.\n\nStud career\nIn 1966 Provoke was sold and exported to the Soviet Union. He died shortly after his arrival in Russia.\n\nPedigree\n\nReferences \n\nRacehorses bred in the United Kingdom\nRacehorses trained in the United Kingdom\n1962 racehorse births\nThoroughbred family 1-n\nSt Leger winners" ]

[ "Bert Bell", "University of Pennsylvania (1914-1919)" ]

[ "John Strollo (born January 20, 1954) is an American football coach who has worked 14 different assignments over his coaching career, which has spanned over 35 years, both at the high school and collegiate level. After serving two seasons as tight ends coach at Penn State, he returned to Ball State to become the offensive line coach for the 2014 season.\n\nEarly life and playing career\nRaised in Long Branch, New Jersey Strollo attended Long Branch High School.\n\nStrollo lettered once while playing football at Boston College, and graduated in 1976, after which he got his master's degree in 1980 at Springfield College.\n\nCoaching career\nStrollo began coaching directly out of college as an assistant coach at Middletown High School South on the Jersey Shore, prior to moving to the collegiate level to Springfield, at which he got his master's degree working as a graduate assistant. From there, he had his first stint at Northeastern University, Washburn University, and his second stint at Northeastern before being hired to assistant coach at Massachusetts. He had three more coaching stops – Lafayette College, Cornell, and Maine – before first working with Bill O'Brien when they were assistants together at Duke from 2005-2007. He then spent three seasons at Elon and one season at Ball State prior to O'Brien hiring him to coach on his new staff at Penn State, a decision that drew some criticism within the media for his lack of experience in big-time college football. His first season at Penn State, however, saw freshman tight end Kyle Carter excel, and Strollo consequently received some accolade and acceptance for his role as position coach, including speculation that Penn State could become \"Tight End U\", a reference to Penn State's Linebacker U, for their consistent success and strength at linebacker. He considers coaching at Penn State a \"dream job\".\n\nWhen Bill O'Brien left Penn State to go to the Houston Texans, Strollo did not go with him, nor did new coach James Franklin retain him on the staff at Penn State. Consequently, Strollo returned to Ball State as offensive line coach.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Louisburg College profile\n Ball State profile\n\n1954 births\nLiving people\nAmerican football offensive tackles\nBall State Cardinals football coaches\nBoston College Eagles football players\nCornell Big Red football coaches\nDuke Blue Devils football coaches\nElon Phoenix football coaches\nLafayette Leopards football coaches\nMaine Black Bears football coaches\nNortheastern Huskies football coaches\nPenn State Nittany Lions football coaches\nSpringfield Pride football coaches\nUMass Minutemen football coaches\nWashburn Ichabods football coaches\nHigh school football coaches in New Jersey\nJunior college football coaches in the United States\nSpringfield College (Massachusetts) alumni\nPeople from Long Branch, New Jersey\nLong Branch High School alumni\nPlayers of American football from New Jersey\nSportspeople from Monmouth County, New Jersey", "Frank Penn (7 March 1851 – 26 December 1916) was an amateur English international cricketer who played for Kent County Cricket Club from 1875 to 1881 and was considered one of the finest batsmen of his day. He played once for England in the first Test match played in England in 1880.\n\nPenn was born at Lee in Lewisham, then part of Kent in 1851, the son of John Penn. His father was an engineer and ran John Penn and Sons, a company manufacturing marine steam engines in Deptford and Greenwich. He made his first-class cricket debut for Kent in 1875, having played club cricket previously.\n\nHis Wisden obituary describes Penn as \"the famous Kent batsman\" who had \"a short but very brilliant career, ranking for several years among the finest batsmen of his day.\" It described his batting as combining \"strong defence with splendid hitting\" and said he had \"a free, commanding style\". In 1877, he made 857 runs in 24 innings, including two centuries, and took part in the tour of Australia by Lord Harris' side in 1878/79, although he did not play in the only Test match during the tour.\n\nPenn did, however, play in the first Test in England in 1880, hitting the winning runs. His cricket career ended in 1881 when his doctor advised him not to run due to heart disease. He had played in 98 first-class matches, 62 of them for Kent.\n\nAfter his playing career, Penn remained a prominent figure at Kent, helping Lord Harris build the club. He was the club's president in 1905.\n\nPenn died at Patrixbourne near Canterbury in 1916 aged 65 with an estate valued at £981.\n\nFamily\nHis brothers William and Dick also played for Kent, as did his son Frank junior. Another brother, John was the Member of Parliament for Lewisham from 1891 to 1903. He was married to Grace.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1851 births\n1916 deaths\nEngland Test cricketers\nEnglish cricketers\nKent cricketers\nGentlemen of the South cricketers\nMarylebone Cricket Club cricketers\nNorth v South cricketers\nGentlemen cricketers\nGentlemen of England cricketers\nGentlemen of Kent cricketers" ]

[ "Bert Bell", "University of Pennsylvania (1914-1919)", "Did he teach at Penn?", "Bell entered Penn in the fall of 1914" ]

[ "Teach may refer to:\n\nPeople\n Blackbeard, English pirate Edward Teach (c. 1680–1718)\n nickname of Earl Caldwell (1905–1981), American Major League Baseball pitcher\n nickname of Eleanor Tennant (1895–1974), American tennis player and coach, first female professional player\n\nOther uses\n Téach (or Tígh), an Irish language term referring to a home or residence\n Teach: Tony Danza, a reality show on A&E\n TEACH Act (Technology, Education and Copyright Harmonization Act), a 2002 American federal copyright act\n\nLists of people by nickname", "The teach-back method, also called the \"show-me\" method, is a communication confirmation method used by healthcare providers to confirm whether a patient (or care takers) understands what is being explained to them. If a patient understands, they are able to \"teach-back\" the information accurately. This is a communication method intended to improve health literacy.\n\nThere can be a significant gap in the perception of how much a patient needs information, or how effective a provider's communication is. This can be due to various reasons such as a patient not understanding medical terminology, not feeling comfortable asking questions or even cognitive impairment. Not only does the teach-back method help providers understand the patient's needs in understanding their care, it also allows providers to evaluate their communication skills. Case studies led by the National Quality Forum on the informed consent processes of various hospitals found that those that effectively used the teach-back method benefited in areas of quality, patient safety, risk management and cost/efficiency.\n\nThe method \nThe National Quality Forum describes the practice as follows:\nWho should use the method→ Any healthcare providers. E.g. physicians, nurses, healthcare professionals\nWhat should patients teach-back→Information about their diagnosis, treatment plan, medications, risks and benefit of treatment, etc.\nWhen to ask for teach-back→ Early in the care process\nWhy is it important→Many patients have difficulty understanding medical information.\nHow→When asked to teach-back, patients should be able to clearly describe or explain the information provided to them.\n\nDepending on the patient's successful or unsuccessful teach-back, the provider will clarify or modify the information and reassess the teach-back to confirm the patient's comprehension and understanding.\n\nKnowledge retention \nThe cycle of reassessing and teaching back to confirm comprehension has been found to improve knowledge retention and lower readmission rates in heart failure patients.\n\nBeyond healthcare literacy, the teach-back method can be utilized in academic and professional settings as well. Teachers often create feedback loops in which the instructor asks the student to share what they heard, and promote peer to peer coaching where students explain what they just learned to other students. Retention is also most positively impacted in participatory learning environments, when students participate in group discussions, practice by doing, and teaching others.\n\nReferences\n\nHealth education\nPractice of medicine" ]

[ "Bert Bell", "University of Pennsylvania (1914-1919)", "Did he teach at Penn?", "Bell entered Penn in the fall of 1914", "What did he coach or teach?", "as an English major and joined Phi Kappa Sigma." ]

[ "\"I'm Not Gonna Teach Your Boyfriend How to Dance with You\" is a song by American indie rock band Black Kids from their debut album, Partie Traumatic (2008). It was released as the band's debut single by Almost Gold Recordings on April 7, 2008, in the United Kingdom, and on May 27, 2008, in North America. The song peaked at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart but did not chart in the United States. The demo version from the band's 2007 EP Wizard of Ahhhs placed at number 68 on Pitchfork Media's Top 100 Tracks of 2007.\n\nBackground\nAccording to lead singer Reggie Youngblood, the track was inspired by Jacksonville's dance party scene: he realized that usually, he would end up with girls who couldn't dance. The line \"You are the girl, that I've been dreaming of, ever since I was a little girl\" is based on an inside joke between Reggie and his sister Ali Youngblood where they would refer to wanting something as \"Ever since I was a little girl\".\n\nReception\nIn a review of Partie Traumatic on AllMusic, Tim Sendra called \"I'm Not Gonna Teach Your Boyfriend How to Dance with You\" one of the best songs on the album, writing that it \"kick[s] you in the gut with [its] energy and verve.\" Commercially, the single performed well in the United Kingdom, debuting at number 84 on April 6, 2008, and rising to its peak of number 11 the following week. It became a minor hit in the Flanders region of Belgium, reaching number 10 on the Ultratip listing.\n\nTrack listings\nAll songs were written by Black Kids except where noted.\n\n7-inch single (pink vinyl)\nA. \"I'm Not Gonna Teach Your Boyfriend How to Dance with You\" – 3:39\nB. \"Damn I Wish I Was Your Lover\" – 2:26\n\nUK 12-inch single (white vinyl)\nA1. \"I'm Not Gonna Teach Your Boyfriend How to Dance with You\" – 3:39\nB1. \"I'm Not Gonna Teach Your Boyfriend How to Dance with You\" (The Twelves Remix) – 3:46\nB2. \"I'm Not Gonna Teach Your Boyfriend How to Dance with You\" (The Twelves Remix – Dub Version) – 3:46\n\nCD single and EP\n \"I'm Not Gonna Teach Your Boyfriend How to Dance with You\" – 3:39\n \"You Turn Me On\" – 2:50\n \"Damn I Wish I Was Your Lover\" – 2:26\n\nUS and Canadian digital download\n \"I'm Not Gonna Teach Your Boyfriend How to Dance with You\" – 3:40\n \"I'm Not Gonna Teach Your Boyfriend How to Dance with You\" (The Twelves Remix) – 3:44\n\nUK digital download EP\n \"I'm Not Gonna Teach Your Boyfriend How to Dance with You\" – 3:39\n \"You Turn Me On\" – 2:50\n \"Damn I Wish I Was Your Lover\" – 2:26\n \"I'm Not Gonna Teach Your Boyfriend How to Dance with You\" (The Twelves Remix) – 3:46\n\nPersonnel\n Owen Holmes – bass guitar\n Kevin Snow – drums\n Dawn Watley – keyboards and vocals\n Ali Youngblood – keyboards and vocals\n Reggie Youngblood – guitar and vocals\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official Black Kids website\n\n2008 debut singles\n2008 songs\nBlack Kids songs\nSongs about dancing", "\"Teach Me How to Be Loved\" is a song recorded by British soul recording artist Rebecca Ferguson, taken from her debut album Heaven (2012). It was written by Ferguson and Johnny Lattimer and produced by Lattimer. It is the fifth official single from the album, having been released on 7 December 2012 in Germany.\n\nLive performances\n\"Teach Me How to Be Loved\" was performed live at the Britain's Got Talent 2012 semi-final along with \"Glitter & Gold\", and also featured as a track Ferguson performed at the iTunes Festival and on the Heaven Tour.\n\nMusic video\n\"Teach Me How to Be Loved\" received a music video in November 2012, featuring Ferguson performing the song in a recording studio.\n\nTrack listing\n \"Teach Me How to Be Loved\" – 3:50\n \"Shoulder to Shoulder\" (Piano version) – 3:04\n \"Nothing's Real but Love\" (Acoustic version) – 2:57\n \"On & On\" – 3:53\n \"Teach Me How to Be Loved\" (Music video) – 3:42\n\nChart performance\n\"Teach Me How to Be Loved\" entered the Swiss charts at number 74, peaking at number 66. In Germany, the only country in which the single was released, the song peaked at number 92.\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n\nRebecca Ferguson (singer) songs\n2012 singles\nPop ballads\nSoul ballads\n2011 songs\nSongs written by Rebecca Ferguson (singer)\nSyco Music singles\nSongs written by Jonny Lattimer" ]

[ "Bert Bell", "University of Pennsylvania (1914-1919)", "Did he teach at Penn?", "Bell entered Penn in the fall of 1914", "What did he coach or teach?", "as an English major and joined Phi Kappa Sigma.", "How long did he teach?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Louis Brouillard (July 27, 1921 – October 10, 2018) was an American Catholic priest involved in high-profile Catholic Church sexual abuse cases.\n\nSexual abuse\nBrouillard was ordained December 17, 1948, and served in priesthood on Guam from 1948 to 1981, and teaching at San Vicente and Father Dueñas Memorial School while he was a priest. After which he was accused of abusing more than 130 boys in sex abuse claims brought against the Catholic Church. A lawsuit was filed against him as recently as six days prior to his death. Lawsuits were also brought against the Boy Scouts of America, because Brouillard was a scoutmaster. Brouillard's victims' accounts ranged from being molested during swimming trips to rape. According to Brouillard, while church members knew about his actions then, they did not tell him to stop, but rather to pray. In 1981, he was sent away to Minnesota, and ended up living in Pine City, Minnesota serving a nearby parish, St. Joseph in Beroun, until he was barred from doing so in 1984. He lived in Pine City, and his legal deposition was held there October 31 through November 3, 2017, when he was 96. He admitted to as many as 20 of the incidents.\n\nReferences\n\n21st-century scandals\n21st-century American criminals\nAmerican Roman Catholic priests\nCatholic Church sexual abuse scandals in the United States\nCatholic religious scandals\nChristianity-related controversies\nSexual abuse cover-ups\n1921 births\n2018 deaths\nPeople from Pine City, Minnesota\nCatholics from Minnesota\nIncidents of violence against boys", "The United States Constitution gives the Senate the power to expel any member by a two-thirds vote. This is distinct from the power over impeachment trials and convictions that the Senate has over executive and judicial federal officials: the Senate ruled in 1798 that senators could not be impeached, but only expelled, while debating a possible impeachment trial for William Blount, who had already been expelled.\n\nExpulsion has not occurred since the Civil War. Censure, a lesser punishment which represents a formal statement of disapproval, has been more common since the start of the 20th century. Although censure carries no formal punishment, only one senator (Benjamin R. Tillman) of the nine to be censured has ever been re-elected. Unlike the House of Representatives, which also disciplines by reprimand, a censure is the weakest form of discipline the Senate issues.\n\nExpelled senators\n\nExpulsion proceedings not resulting in expulsion\nMany expulsion proceedings have been begun by the Senate that did not lead to expulsion. In most cases, the expulsion failed to secure the necessary two-thirds vote, in other cases the senator in question resigned while proceedings were taking place, and some proceedings ended when a senator died or his term expired.\n\nCensured senators\n\nSee also\nList of New York State Legislature members expelled or censured\nCensure in the United States\nList of federal political scandals in the United States\nList of federal political sex scandals in the United States\n\nFederal politicians:\nList of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded\nList of American federal politicians convicted of crimes\n\nState and local politics:\nList of American state and local politicians convicted of crimes\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n \n\nExpelled or censured\n \nState and local political sex scandals in the United States" ]

[ "Bert Bell", "University of Pennsylvania (1914-1919)", "Did he teach at Penn?", "Bell entered Penn in the fall of 1914", "What did he coach or teach?", "as an English major and joined Phi Kappa Sigma.", "How long did he teach?", "I don't know.", "Did he have any scandals while teaching?", "his aversion to attending classes forced him to withdraw from Penn without a degree in early 1920." ]

[ "Peter McCormack is a British Bitcoin investor, podcaster, former in the advertising industry, who founded What Bitcoin Did podcast McCormack has written the book Online Advertising Does not Work. What Bitcoin Did has been teaching and podcasting one to one conversation.\n\nLife \nMcCormack was born in Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, Berkshire. He grew up in Kempston, a town and civil parish in the Borough of Bedford, Bedfordshire. He dropped out of Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College where he studied Music Industry Management in 2000. From June 2005 to February 2007, McCormack was of commercial director at Evolving Media, which launched his temporary career in digital marketing. From February 2007 to May 2009 he was managing director of Evolving Media Network. In September 2009 he set up the digital transformation consultancy McCormack & Morrison with his Evolving colleague Oliver Morrison.\n\nMcCormack's mother died in January 2017, after which McCormack took time off to grieve. Around the same time, after about a year of trading bitcoin, McCormack started blogging about the crypto industry. In 2017, he got briefly rich on Bitcoin but then \"lost almost everything\".\n\nIn November 2017, McCormack started his podcast What Bitcoin Did. In October 2019, he released the first episode of his other podcast, \"Defiance\".\n\nWhat Bitcoin Did Podcast \nPeter started What Bitcoin Did Podcast after quitting the advertising industry and discovering bitcoin, he started the podcast in November 2017 as a hobby to learn more. On What Bitcoin Did, McCormack interviews experts on the topics of Bitcoin development, adoption, privacy, and investment. He has discussed political topics on the podcast as well. Some notable figures McCormack has featured on What Bitcoin Did are Adam Back, Brian Armstrong (businessman),Nayib Bukele, Vitalik Buterin and many more people. The podcast has grown to over 100 episodes with a guest list that is a testament to the diversity of knowledge and opinions that represent the broader Bitcoin community.\n\nDefiance Podcast \nDefiance has no political bias. They select guests based on the story alone and will not enter into any debates regarding guest choice or topics covered. Nobody is \"given a platform\", guests are offered an interview as they stated on website.\n\nBedford FC \nPeter is in negotiations to buy the football team Bedford F.C., a football club based in Bedford, England. <ref>\n\nHe announced in December 2021 that he had agreed on a deal to acquire Bedford F.C., with the intention of changing their name to Real Bedford at the end of the 2021/22 season. \"There is no intention of creating a token.\" Peter's team said.\n\nReferences\n\nLiving people\n1978 births\nBitcoin\nPodcasters\nFootball", "\nThe teaching philosophy of a candidate for an academic position, sometimes referred to as a teaching philosophy statement, is a written statement of the candidate's general personal views on teaching. Colleges and universities that advertise a position whose duties require teaching often require the applicant to submit a teaching philosophy with the application. Teaching philosophy statements are becoming increasingly required in the attainment of teaching positions. Teaching philosophy statement often attempts to express what methods of teaching the candidate practices and what educational styles they intend to make use of. Teaching philosophy statements are generally reviewed and updated as educators gain more experience to reflect their current views and beliefs.\n\nContent \nThe teaching philosophy can cover a substantial amount of material within a single page, which is a common length for the written statement. A writer may include their own teaching experiences or dedication to learning. They may also describe their beliefs around education, including the values they hold and models they intend to follow. Teaching philosophies often share why the individual wishes to teach, and what motivates them to pursue a career in education. Written teaching philosophies may be customized to be more specific to the field one intends to teach.\n\nStudy \nWritten teaching philosophy statements may be informed by existing pedagogical research and theory; an early example of such a book is The Philosophy of Teaching by Arnold Tompkins. Books, articles, and research on pedagogy can offer a foundation upon which aspiring educators can form their own beliefs and values.\n\nReferences \n\nPhilosophy of education\nTeaching\nEducation theory" ]

[ "Bert Bell", "University of Pennsylvania (1914-1919)", "Did he teach at Penn?", "Bell entered Penn in the fall of 1914", "What did he coach or teach?", "as an English major and joined Phi Kappa Sigma.", "How long did he teach?", "I don't know.", "Did he have any scandals while teaching?", "his aversion to attending classes forced him to withdraw from Penn without a degree in early 1920.", "What did he to after teaching?", "for bravery from General John J. Pershing, and Bell was promoted to first sergeant." ]

[ "Rosamond Asiamah Nkansah (13 January 1930 – 20 February 2021) was a Ghanaian law enforcement officer who was the first woman to be enlisted into the Ghana Police Service, then the Gold Coast Police Force.\n\nEducation \nShe attended Wesley Girls High School in Cape Coast. She held a Senior Cambridge and Teacher's Certificate 'A'.\n\nLife and career \n\nShe was enlisted into the Gold Coast Police Force on 1 September 1952 at the age of 22. She was enlisted first together with 11 other women and made their leader. This was a time policewoman were not allowed to marry or get pregnant; contrary to this directive, they were compelled to resign. Before her resignation, she petitioned the government to allow policewomen to marry and have children, and also to reinstate those who resigned for the purpose of raising families. The petition was accepted and the condition that prevented women from serving long on the force, due to marriage and pregnancy was abolished.\n\nShe resigned on 16 May 1958. After her resignation, she taught at St. John's Grammar School from 1961 to 1964 as a professional teacher because of the certification she had before being enlisted in the Gold Coast Police Force. She joined the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation in 1965 and headed the School broadcasting programs for a year.\n\nShe retired from active service in 1999 to primarily focus on writing books. She also translated words in her book (Octagon) into foreign and local languages.\n\nDeath \n\nAsiamah died at the Police Hospital in Accra on Saturday evening, February 20, 2021.\n\nExternal links \n\n Video: How Ghana's 'Police Woman One' Rosamond Asiamah changed lives - BBC Africa\n\nReferences \n\n1930 births\n2021 deaths\nGhanaian women police officers\nGhanaian police officers", "\n\n (, ) was a Nazi rank of the Waffen-SS that existed between 1934 and 1945. The rank was the most senior enlisted rank in the Waffen-SS, the equivalent of a regimental sergeant major, in other military organizations.\n\nRank usage\n\nSturmscharführer as a proper rank was unique to the Waffen-SS and was not used in the Allgemeine-SS (general-SS), where the highest enlisted rank was Hauptscharführer. Members of the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo), when wearing the rank insignia of Sturmscharführer with police collar piping, did so when holding the equivalent police rank of Meister or the investigator's title of Kriminalsekretär. Administratively, such secret police members were not even required to be members of the SS (although many were) and thus the insignia was sometimes worn by non-SS members. Due to SS rank parity regulations, by 1943 most police members were required to hold SS rank, and those with police equivalent rank to Sturmscharführer were often administratively enlisted into the Waffen-SS in order to be ranked as a Sturmscharführer.\n\nHistory\n\nThe rank of Sturmscharführer was first created in June 1934, after the Night of the Long Knives. Due to a reorganization of the SS, Sturmscharführer was created as the most senior enlisted rank of the SS-Verfügungstruppe (SS-VT), replacing the older Sturmabteilung (SA) title of Haupttruppführer.\n\nBy 1941, the Waffen-SS had become the successor organization to the SS-VT and Sturmscharführer was established as the most senior enlisted rank. A Sturmscharführer was typically assigned as the head sergeant of an entire regiment or, in some cases, an infantry division.\n\nInsignia\n\nSturmscharführer was not the same as Stabsscharführer, which was a positional title given to the head SS non-commissioned officer of a company. The rank of Sturmscharführer was also not a prerequisite for promotion to Untersturmführer and was generally considered as a rank for \"career\" enlisted SS soldiers, rather than a rank on the path to becoming an officer.\n\nThe insignia for Sturmscharführer was two silver pips and two silver stripes worn on a collar patch along with the shoulder boards of a Wehrmacht Stabsfeldwebel. As was the case with Waffen-SS enlisted insignia, the collar patch of a Sturmscharführer was edged with black-and-silver twist cord until 1940 when the edging was dropped; like all non-commissioned officers the collar was bordered with 9mm silver-grey braid.\n\nInsignia Waffen-SS\n\nSee also\nTable of ranks and insignia of the Waffen-SS\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography \n\nSS ranks" ]

[ "Bert Bell", "University of Pennsylvania (1914-1919)", "Did he teach at Penn?", "Bell entered Penn in the fall of 1914", "What did he coach or teach?", "as an English major and joined Phi Kappa Sigma.", "How long did he teach?", "I don't know.", "Did he have any scandals while teaching?", "his aversion to attending classes forced him to withdraw from Penn without a degree in early 1920.", "What did he to after teaching?", "for bravery from General John J. Pershing, and Bell was promoted to first sergeant.", "How long was he enlisted?", "in March 1919." ]

[ "Blackwater Regional Library system serves the counties of Isle of Wight, Southampton, Surry, Sussex, and the city of Franklin in Virginia. The library system is within Region 3 of Virginia Library Association (VLA). According to FY 2015 Statistical Data for Virginia Public Libraries, the Blackwater Regional Library serves a population of 82,763.\n\nService area \nAccording to the FY 2014 Institute of Museum and Library Services Data Catalog, the Blackwater Regional Library System has a service area population of 81,876 with 1 central library and 8 branch libraries.\n\nHistory \nSouthampton citizens Walter Cecil Rawls and his friend Junious W. Pulley planned what would become the Walter Cecil Rawls Library and Museum, which is the first of what would become the currently nine branch Blackwater Regional Library. The Walter Cecil Rawls Library and Museum opened for public use on June 13, 1958. Rawls implemented a bookmobile service in 1959 on the second week in April during National Library Week. The bookmobile routes eventually led to the opening of the branches in the other counties.\n\nBranches \n Carrollton Branch (Carrollton) established 1984.\n Claremont Branch (Claremont) established 1980.\n Courtland Branch/ Walter Cecil Rawls Library (Courtland)\n Franklin Branch/ Ruth Camp Campbell Memorial Library (Franklin)- established 1926.\n Smithfield Branch (Smithfield)- established 1924.\n Surry Branch (Surry)- established 1984.\n Wakefield Branch/ Troxler Memorial Library (Wakefield)\n Waverly Branch/ Agnes Taylor Gray Library (Waverly)\n Windsor Branch (Windsor)- established 1995.\n\nReferences \n\nPublic libraries in Virginia\nLibraries established in 1958\n1958 establishments in Virginia\nEducation in Isle of Wight County, Virginia\nEducation in Southampton County, Virginia\nEducation in Surry County, Virginia\nEducation in Sussex County, Virginia\nEducation in Franklin, Virginia", "Andru Branch (born June 27, 1968) is a Canadian reggae musician. He is the lead singer-songwriter of the reggae band Andru Branch & Halfway Tree. He was nominated for a Juno Award for his debut 1998 album What If I Told You.\n\nEarly life\nBranch was born Andru Reginald Arnold Branch on June 27, 1968, in Sackville, New Brunswick.\n\nCareer\nBranch was signed to independent Jamaican record label Kingston Muzik in 1996. Branch recorded and mixed his 1998 debut album What If I Told You at Kingston Muzik Studio in Kingston, Jamaica. Its title was taken from a popular saying (\"the only constant in life is change\") favoured by Andru's late mother. The album was distributed with modified artwork in Europe and the United States by Tabou 1 Records and features Earl \"Chinna\" Smith and members of Bob Marley's backing band \"The Wailers\"; Aston \"Family Man\" Barrett, Tyrone Downie, and Alvin \"Seeco\" Patterson. Branch was nominated for a Juno Award at the Juno Awards of 2000 for this release in the category Best Reggae Recording.\n\nHis second album The Only Constant was released in January 2008 and features Squidly Cole and Chris Meredith of Ziggy Marley's band along with Alvin \"Seeco\" Patterson from The Wailers. The Only Constant is straight-up roots-reggae, brimming with lush horns, placid backbeats and spiritual proclamations\".\n\nAndru's traditional roots-reggae style is wide-ranging, varying from African high-life to suggestions of country influence and has been described by Exclaim! Magazine as \"some of the rootsiest bottom-heavy music ever to come out of the Great White North\". He performed at Jamaica's 1998 Reggae Sunsplash Festival and as a percussionist, has backed musicians Brinsley Forde, Gregory Isaacs, Glen Washington, Vybz Kartel and Sean Paul.\n\nStudio One's original Soul Vendors bassist Brian \"Bassie\" Atkinson joined Andru Branch & Halfway Tree in 2002 and the band is currently making new reggae music.\n\nAndru developed a profound love for reggae music while growing up in multicultural Toronto, Ontario, where he was mentored by Tony \"Raffa\" White and Bernie Pitters before moving to Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 2000. Andru Branch graduated from Lawrence Park Collegiate and received a \"Sound & Music Recording Diploma\" from Recording Arts Canada.\n\nDiscography\n\nAlbums \n Andru Branch: What If I Told You (1998)\n Andru Branch: The Only Constant (2008)\n Andru Branch & Halfway Tree: My Jamaican Weed – Single (2008)\n Andru Branch : Rocksteady – Single (2010)\n Andru Branch & Halfway Tree: Step Into The Light (2012)\n Andru Branch: Happy Day – Single (2014)\n Andru Branch & Halfway Tree: Step Into The Dub (2017)\n\nAppears On \n Confrontation; It's A New Day (1999)\n Various; Roots with Quality: Best of Tabou 1, Vol 1 (1999)\n Chris Bottomley; Knotty Bits (2003)\n Various; Real Roots Reggae – A Canadian Story (2007)\n\nVideo \n Holy Jihad (2008)\n\nSee also\n\n Music of Canada\n List of Canadian musicians\n\nReferences\n\n1968 births\nLiving people\nCanadian reggae musicians\nMusicians from New Brunswick\nMusicians from Toronto\nPeople from Sackville, New Brunswick\n20th-century Canadian male musicians\n21st-century Canadian male musicians" ]

[ "Bert Bell", "University of Pennsylvania (1914-1919)", "Did he teach at Penn?", "Bell entered Penn in the fall of 1914", "What did he coach or teach?", "as an English major and joined Phi Kappa Sigma.", "How long did he teach?", "I don't know.", "Did he have any scandals while teaching?", "his aversion to attending classes forced him to withdraw from Penn without a degree in early 1920.", "What did he to after teaching?", "for bravery from General John J. Pershing, and Bell was promoted to first sergeant.", "How long was he enlisted?", "in March 1919.", "What branch?", "US Army" ]

[ "Gareth Sewell Penn (born 1941) is an American true crime author and amateur detective known for being among the first non-journalists to write about the Zodiac Killer case. He published a theory about the killer's motives, publicly accused a noted UC Berkeley public policy professor of the crimes, and labeled himself a one-time suspect.\n\nReviewing the 2007 David Fincher film Zodiac for the Las Vegas Weekly, Mike D'Angelo wrote, \"I think the movie erred in selecting author Robert Graysmith as its source and nominal protagonist. Zodiac buffs know well that the true obsessive is a fellow named Gareth Penn.\"\n\nEarly life\nPenn graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1962 with a Bachelor of Arts degree (BA) in Germanic languages and again in 1965 with a Master of Arts (MA) in Medieval Germanic languages. He received a Master of Library Science (MLS) from U.C. Berkeley in 1971.\n\nIn 1965, Penn entered the United States Army in Berlin, Germany and received basic training at Fort Dix, New Jersey. He received artillery survey training at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, where he became an Artillery Surveyor Instructor. He received the National Defense Service Medal and the designation of Expert Rifle Marksman. In 1967, Penn moved back to Berkeley, California, where he was transferred to the Army reserves. He was honorably discharged in 1971.\n\nCareer\n\nWriting\nPenn's writing, mostly focused on the Zodiac case, was largely published in The Ecphorizer, the newsletter of the San Francisco chapter of Mensa International, which had a peak readership of 700 and was published between 1981 and 1995 A 1972 piece he wrote while attending UC Berkeley, Gottfried von Strassburg and the Invisible Art was published in the peer-reviewed journal of Germanic studies Colloquia Germanica. The piece is a reflection on the legend of Tristan, a 12th-century hero of Celtic folklore.\n\nPenn says his father, Hugh Scott Penn, who had been a U.S. Army cryptographer during World War II, introduced him to the Zodiac case while he was working for the California Department of Justice.\n\nPenn wrote two self-published books: Times 17: The Amazing Story of the Zodiac Murders in California and Massachusetts, 1966-1981 released in 1987; and The Second Power: A Mathematical Analysis of the letters attributed to the Zodiac murderer and supplement to Times 17 in 1999.\n\nZodiac Killer\nGareth Penn started writing about the Zodiac case in a 1981 article for California Magazine entitled Portrait of the Artist as a Mass Murderer.\n\nIn Portrait, Penn theorized that the Zodiac crime scenes were selected by the killer in order to create a geometric shape over the surface of the San Francisco Bay Area as a sort of \"murderous art project.\" Part of Penn's commentary about that theory included the observation that, \"Other artists had sought to remove their work from the ordinary human perspective. Zodiac trumped them all.\"\n\nPenn then spent the better part of two decades publicly accusing University of California, Berkeley public policy professor Michael O'Hare of the Zodiac murders.\n\nAccusation against Michael O'Hare\nStarting around 1981, Penn began publicly accusing University of California, Berkeley public policy professor Michael O'Hare of the Zodiac murders in amateur newsletters and self-published books. Penn openly accused O'Hare on at least two occasions. The basis for these accusations was Penn's cryptographic analysis of a Zodiac letter, which he claimed yielded the name \"Mike O.\" He also accused O'Hare of the murder of Joan Webster, a graduate architecture student at Harvard who disappeared in 1981 and whose remains were found near Boston in 1990. Penn argued that a \"geometric design\" yielded similarities between the Webster murder and the Zodiac killings in California. On that basis, he accused O'Hare of murdering Webster. \nO'Hare denied being involved in any murder, and has written about his strange experience.\n\nO'Hare filed an FBI complaint against Penn and in May 1981, the Bureau investigated Penn for possible extortion. According to FBI memos, an agent \"contacted Penn by telephone and told him that if he was responsible for the correspondence to [O'Hare] he should immediately cease and desist, pointing out that it could jeopardize any investigation and he could possibly be subject to both civil and criminal penalties.\"\n\nIn a May 1981 meeting with FBI agents, Penn \"freely admitted sending material to [O'Hare] but stated he had no intent to extort anything.\n\nCryptography Blog\nPenn continues writing about the case, maintaining a narrative blog entitled D550.\n\nBook \n Times 17\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nJake Wark at This is the Zodiac Speaking website\nGareth Penn: \n\nAmerican non-fiction crime writers\n1941 births\nLiving people\nUnited States Army soldiers\nMensans\nZodiac Killer\nPeople from Carmel-by-the-Sea, California\nAmerican conspiracy theorists", "Richard E. Anderson (born July 29, 1941) is a former American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Rutgers University from 1984 to 1989, compiling a record of 28–33–4. His highlight victory during that span was 21–16 win over Penn State in 1988—Rutgers' first win over the Nittany Lions in 70 years. He played college football at Penn State, and served there as an assistant football coach for many years under Joe Paterno.\n\nPlaying career\nAnderson, a native of Queens, New York, played tight end and defensive end at Penn State for coach Rip Engle from 1960 to 1962. He played in the 1961 and 1962 Gator Bowls and also captained the Nittany Lions baseball team. Anderson earned a bachelor's degree in physical education from Penn State in 1963. He was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the 29th round of the 1963 American Football League Draft and by the Cleveland Browns in the 17th round of the NFL Draft, but Anderson opted to remain at Penn State as a graduate assistant while earning his master's degree and playing for the semi-pro Newark Bears on the weekends.\n\nCoaching career\nAnderson's first full-time coaching job was as an assistant at Lafayette College under future Philadelphia Eagles General Manager Harry Gamble, whom he then followed to the University of Pennsylvania in 1970. He returned to Penn State in 1973 at the invitation of head coach Joe Paterno. In his next 11 seasons as the Nittany Lions' offensive line coach, Anderson established himself as one of college football's best. Five of his players were named All-Americans: John Nessel, Tom Rafferty, Keith Dorney, Bill Dugan, and Sean Farrell; and a steady stream of Nittany Lion linemen went on to the NFL, including Pro Football Hall of Famer Mike Munchak.\n\nIn 1984, he accepted the head coaching job at Rutgers where his six-year on-field record was 27–34–4. His best season was 1984, when the Scarlet Knights finished 7–3. Anderson was relieved of his duties at Rutgers in 1990 and returned to Penn State to resume duties as the team's offensive line coach. In 1993 Anderson moved to quarterbacks coach, following Jim Caldwell's departure to accept the head coaching job at Wake Forest. He returned to coaching the offensive line when Jay Paterno became coach of quarterbacks in 1999. Anderson was not retained after the arrival of new coach Bill O'Brien.\n\nRelationship with Jerry Sandusky\nAnderson maintains a close personal relationship with former Penn State defensive coordinator Jerry Sandusky. He testified at Sandusky's child sex abuse trial that it was not uncommon for assistant coaches and minors to be in the showers at the same time at the Lasch Football Complex.\n\nHead coaching record\n\nReferences\n\n1941 births\nLiving people\nLafayette Leopards football coaches\nPenn Quakers football coaches\nRutgers Scarlet Knights football coaches\nPenn State Nittany Lions baseball players\nPenn State Nittany Lions football players\nPenn State Nittany Lions football coaches\nSportspeople from Queens, New York" ]

[ "Bert Bell", "University of Pennsylvania (1914-1919)", "Did he teach at Penn?", "Bell entered Penn in the fall of 1914", "What did he coach or teach?", "as an English major and joined Phi Kappa Sigma.", "How long did he teach?", "I don't know.", "Did he have any scandals while teaching?", "his aversion to attending classes forced him to withdraw from Penn without a degree in early 1920.", "What did he to after teaching?", "for bravery from General John J. Pershing, and Bell was promoted to first sergeant.", "How long was he enlisted?", "in March 1919.", "What branch?", "US Army", "Anything intresting about his time at Penn?", "Prior to Penn's 1916 season, his mother died while he was en route to her bedside." ]

[ "The name Miriam has been used for eight tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.\n\nHurricane Miriam (1978), a Category 1 hurricane that threatened Hawaii but did not affect land.\nHurricane Miriam (1982), a Category 1 hurricane that did not affect land.\nTropical Storm Miriam (1988), continuation of Hurricane Joan which originally formed in the Atlantic Ocean and crossed into the Pacific.\nTropical Storm Miriam (1994), a short-lived storm that did not affect land.\nTropical Storm Miriam (2000), a short-lived storm that hit Baja California as a weak storm.\nTropical Storm Miriam (2006), a short-lived tropical storm that did not affect land.\nHurricane Miriam (2012), a Category 3 hurricane that did not affect land.\nHurricane Miriam (2018), a Category 2 hurricane that did not affect land.\n\nPacific hurricane disambiguation pages", "Affect, as a term of rhetoric, is the responsive, emotional feeling (affect) that precedes cognition. Affect differs from pathos as described by Aristotle as one of the modes of proof and pathos as described by Jasinski as an emotional appeal because it is “the response we have to things before we label that response with feelings or emotions.”\n\nIn further exploring this term, scholars recognized affect’s rhetorical role in literature, photography, marketing and memory. In 2012, Rogers described how author W. E. B. Du Bois used the structure of his work, The Souls of Black Folk, to affect his audience into feeling shame. In 2016, Brunner and Deluca proposed the term affective winds to describe “the force of images that moves people to engage and interact by exploring the affective potency of visual arguments.” Affective winds were part of the rhetorical persuasiveness of images shared through social media. In a different sense, Harold described how the Target Corporation’s advertising used aura and affect to democratize the appearance of some products. Affect has also been identified as a conduit through which rhetorical memories can be internalized.\n\nDrawing from philosophy, some rhetorical studies of affect have followed Martin Heidegger's articulation of Dasein which posits \"affect\" as the ground of reason. Others follow post-structuralist and post-Heideggerian insights to follow affect's influence on rhetorical canons and digital rhetoric.\n\nReferences\n\nRhetorical techniques" ]

[ "Bert Bell", "University of Pennsylvania (1914-1919)", "Did he teach at Penn?", "Bell entered Penn in the fall of 1914", "What did he coach or teach?", "as an English major and joined Phi Kappa Sigma.", "How long did he teach?", "I don't know.", "Did he have any scandals while teaching?", "his aversion to attending classes forced him to withdraw from Penn without a degree in early 1920.", "What did he to after teaching?", "for bravery from General John J. Pershing, and Bell was promoted to first sergeant.", "How long was he enlisted?", "in March 1919.", "What branch?", "US Army", "Anything intresting about his time at Penn?", "Prior to Penn's 1916 season, his mother died while he was en route to her bedside.", "how did this affect him?", "but mixed results left him platooned for the rest of the season." ]

[ "Walter Miller (February 28, 1898 – August 20, 1975), known as Jake Miller or J. Walter Miller, was a professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) during 1924–1933. He played mainly for the Cleveland Indians, and one season for the Chicago White Sox. Listed at and , he threw and batted left-handed.\n\nBaseball career\nMiller played five seasons in minor league baseball; 1922–1924 and 1931–1932. He compiled a 39–25 win–loss record in 94 minor league appearances.\n\nMiller's major league career spanned 1924 to 1933, with the exception of 1932 when he did not play in the major leagues. He made his debut with the Cleveland Indians late in the 1924 season, and went on to appear in 174 games (125 starts) with the team through the 1931 season. He recorded a career-high 14 wins during the 1929 season. During his eight seasons with Cleveland, he compiled a 55–52 record with 3.92 ERA while registering 275 strikeouts in 964 innings pitched.\n\nIn July 1932, Miller and outfielder Joel Hunt were traded to the St. Louis Cardinals in exchange for outfielder Hal Anderson. Miller appeared in 11 games for the Columbus Red Birds, a Cardinals farm team, but did not pitch in the major leagues for St. Louis.\n\nMiller's final major league season was as a member of the 1933 Chicago White Sox. In 26 games (14 starts) he had a 5.62 ERA with 30 strikeouts in innings pitched, and a 5–6 record. Overall, in nine major league seasons, Miller had a 60–58 record with 4.09 ERA and recorded 305 strikeouts in innings pitched.\n\nPersonal life\nMiller was born in 1898 in Wagram, Ohio. At age 20, he was living in Pataskala, Ohio, and attending Ohio State University. He briefly served in the United States Army (October to December 1918) during World War I. Miller's entry in the Ohio State yearbook for his senior class noted his major as chemical engineering, that he had played two seasons on the varsity baseball team, and that he was a member of Delta Tau Delta fraternity. In February 1942, he was living in Columbus, Ohio, and working for the Universal Concrete Pipe Company there. He died in Venice, Florida, in 1975 at age 77. A younger brother was fellow major league pitcher Russ Miller (1900–1962).\n\nName\nMiller's World War I draft registration card listed his name simply as \"Walter Miller\", which is how be signed it. On his World War II draft registration card, his name was listed and signed as \"J. Walter Miller\", which is how his name appeared in the college yearbook at Ohio State for his senior class, and how contemporary newspaper reports commonly referred to him. Research by members of the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR) indicates that his full name was Jacob Walter Miller.\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\nExternal links\n\n1898 births\n1975 deaths\nMajor League Baseball pitchers\nBaseball players from Ohio\nCleveland Indians players\nChicago White Sox players\nTerre Haute Tots players\nRochester Tribe players\nHamilton Tigers (baseball) players\nIndianapolis Indians players\nColumbus Red Birds players\nToronto Maple Leafs (International League) players\nOhio State Buckeyes baseball players\nUnited States Army personnel of World War I", "Edward Robert Miller (November 26, 1916 – July 31, 1997) was an American professional baseball player, a shortstop who played for 14 seasons in the National League between 1936 and 1950. He was a talented fielder and a perennial All-Star during the 1940s.\n\nBorn in Pittsburgh, Miller made his Major League debut with the Cincinnati Reds in 1936 as a 19-year-old. He played in 41 games over 2 seasons with the Reds before being traded to the New York Yankees in 1938 in exchange for Willard Hershberger. Miller never played for the Yankees at the major league level and was subsequently traded to the Boston Bees less than a year later.\n\nHe became the starting shortstop while in Boston, and established himself as one of the National League's best shortstops during his four seasons there. His first season with Boston was shortened when he fractured his ankle in a collision with Al Simmons. He recovered in 1940 to a career-best .276 for the Bees while leading all NL shortstops in fielding percentage and appearing in the MLB All-Star Game. While his batting average fell over the next two seasons with Boston, he led all shortstops in fielding percentage both years. He was an All-Star in 1941 and was named as a starter in the All-Star Game in 1942. After the 1942 season, he was traded back to the Reds in exchange for Eddie Joost and Nate Andrews.\n\nHe spent five seasons as the Reds' starting shortstop and earned four more selections to the All-Star Game while with the club. He continued to play solid defense while with Cincinnati, and he led all shortstops in fielding on two further occasions. His final year with the Reds was one of his better seasons as a hitter, as he led the league in doubles and was among the top 10 in home runs and runs batted in. He was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies for Johnny Wyrostek before the start of the 1948 season.\n\nMiller served as the Phillies' shortstop in 1948 but moved to second base in 1949 when he swapped positions with Granny Hamner. After two average seasons with Philadelphia, he was acquired by the St. Louis Cardinals for the 1950 season, his last in the majors.\n\nMiller died in 1997 in Lake Worth, Florida.\n\nSee also\n List of Major League Baseball annual doubles leaders\n\nSources\n\n1916 births\n1997 deaths\nBaseball players from Pennsylvania\nBoston Bees players\nBoston Braves players\nCincinnati Reds players\nKansas City Blues (baseball) players\nMajor League Baseball shortstops\nPhiladelphia Phillies players\nSt. Louis Cardinals players\nSpringfield Pirates players\nSyracuse Chiefs players\nToronto Maple Leafs (International League) players\nWilmington Pirates players" ]

[ "Bert Bell", "University of Pennsylvania (1914-1919)", "Did he teach at Penn?", "Bell entered Penn in the fall of 1914", "What did he coach or teach?", "as an English major and joined Phi Kappa Sigma.", "How long did he teach?", "I don't know.", "Did he have any scandals while teaching?", "his aversion to attending classes forced him to withdraw from Penn without a degree in early 1920.", "What did he to after teaching?", "for bravery from General John J. Pershing, and Bell was promoted to first sergeant.", "How long was he enlisted?", "in March 1919.", "What branch?", "US Army", "Anything intresting about his time at Penn?", "Prior to Penn's 1916 season, his mother died while he was en route to her bedside.", "how did this affect him?", "but mixed results left him platooned for the rest of the season.", "How was his seasons while he was there?", "Penn finished with a record of 7-2-1." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Bert Bell", "University of Pennsylvania (1914-1919)", "Did he teach at Penn?", "Bell entered Penn in the fall of 1914", "What did he coach or teach?", "as an English major and joined Phi Kappa Sigma.", "How long did he teach?", "I don't know.", "Did he have any scandals while teaching?", "his aversion to attending classes forced him to withdraw from Penn without a degree in early 1920.", "What did he to after teaching?", "for bravery from General John J. Pershing, and Bell was promoted to first sergeant.", "How long was he enlisted?", "in March 1919.", "What branch?", "US Army", "Anything intresting about his time at Penn?", "Prior to Penn's 1916 season, his mother died while he was en route to her bedside.", "how did this affect him?", "but mixed results left him platooned for the rest of the season.", "How was his seasons while he was there?", "Penn finished with a record of 7-2-1.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "In the 1917 season, Bell led Penn to a 9-2 record." ]

[ "Hamilton Dhlamini (born 15 December 1969), sometimes as Hamilton Dlamini, is a South African actor, playwright and a filmmaker. He is best known for the roles in the films and teleserials Isithembiso, Faith like Potatoes and The King's Messenger .\n\nPersonal life\nHe was born on 15 December 1969 in a township South of Johannesburg, called Sebokeng, Vaal Triangle, South Africa to a family with poor economy.\n\nHe is married to a nutritionist, Martha, where they have three children. He first met Martha in a lift.\n\nCareer\nHe started acting career in early 1984 through stage plays. He also played as a businessman Korea in the SABC 1 sitcom Mzee Wa Two Six. In early 2008, he made a lead role in the short series on SABC1, adapted by William Shakespeare’s play King Lear. Also, he played a lead character on the SABC 2 sitcom Stokvel with the role 'Mojo Khumalo'. In 2008, he acted in the series Ten Bush directed by Mncedisi Shabangu. For his role, he later won the Naledi Theatre Award for the best supporting actor. Then in 2009, he collaborated with William Kentridge and the Handspring Puppet Company on Woyzeck in the Highveld.\n\nIn 2006, he acted in Regardt van den Bergh’s film Faith like Potatoes. This time, he won a South African Film and Television Awards (Safta) for best supporting actor for his role. In 2007, he won the Golden Horn Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Feature Film. In 2018, he played the role 'Banzi Motaung' in the popular television series Isithembiso. In the same year, he again won the Golden Horn Award for Best Actor in a TV soap opera 'Isithembiso'.\n\nHe also founded his own production company, 'Ndlondlo Productions'.\n\nFilmography\n\nOther Television roles\n Askies!, Season 1 as Homeless Man\n Boo & TT, Season 1 as TT \n City Ses'la, Season 1 as Uncle Mto eKasi\n Our Stories, Season 5 as Mbangiseni \n Fluiters, Season 1 as Bantu Ntenga \n Home Affairs, Season 2 as Katleho's Father \n Home Affairs, Season 3 & 4 as Senzo Mbatha \n Izingane zoBaba, Season 1 as Lucky \n Mutual Friends (2014), Season 1 as Pat \n Mzansi, Season 1 & 2 as Prosper \n Mzee wa Two Six, Season 1 as Korea \n Saints and Sinners, Season 2 as Andries \n Shooting Stars, Season 2 as Themba Zwane \n Soul Buddyz, Season 1 as Melusi's Teacher\n Stokvel, Season 6 as Mojo Khumalo \n The Mayor, Season 1 as Mapula \n Matlala Umlilo, Season 1, 2, 3 & 4 as Mnqobi Simelane \n Zero Tolerance, Season 1 as Lefty \n Zero Tolerance, Season 3 as President Tubman\n\nSee also\n 2018 DStv Mzansi Viewers' Choice Awards\n List of South African films\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nLiving people\n20th-century South African male actors\nSouth African male film actors\n1969 births\nSouth African theatre people\nSouth African male television actors\nPeople from Sebokeng\nSouth African dramatists and playwrights\n21st-century South African male actors", "Durham County is a Canadian crime drama television series produced by Muse Entertainment and Back Alley Films. It starred Hugh Dillon as Mike Sweeney, a homicide detective who finds that moving back home comes with trouble and danger. Dillon appeared in this series at the same time he appeared in an ongoing role in another series, Flashpoint.\n\nPremise\nThe series stars Hugh Dillon as Mike Sweeney, a homicide detective from Toronto, who moves his family to suburban Durham County, to start over after his partner was killed and his wife Audrey (Hélène Joy) diagnosed with breast cancer. However, he soon discovers that his neighbour, and childhood nemesis, Ray Prager (Justin Louis) may be a serial killer.\n\nSet amidst the landscape of a newer suburban development, the mise-en-scène conveys a palpable sense of alienation, like being cut off from the rest of the world. With shiny hydro towers looming on the skyline, everything appears without history, and homogeneity pervades the neighbourhoods. In this setting, we deal with the aftermath of a serial killer’s impact on his family, his surviving victims, and their families. The question is how do the families move on after being so traumatized by the heinous acts of a killer.\n\nAirings\nThe series premiered on Movie Central and The Movie Network on May 7, 2007. After more than a year, the second season premiered on July 13, 2009. The third and final season debuted on October 25, 2010. The first season subsequently aired on Global in the 2007–2008 television season. In Canada, the first season was released on DVD on September 9, 2008, followed by the second season on July 27, 2010.\n\nOn September 7, 2009, the series began airing on Ion Television, which reaches more than 94 million US television households. The network secured all US television, digital media rights, Internet streaming and video-on-demand rights for the program. It is the first original series to air on the network since 2004.\n\nCast and characters\n\nMain\n Hugh Dillon as Mike Sweeney, a veteran homicide detective having difficulty coming to terms with his past, tries starting afresh by quitting his old position after the murder of his professional partner, and relocating his family back to his hometown. However, he soon realizes he cannot escape his past demons. In trying to cope with his wife's recent cancer diagnosis, he seeks solace with a grieving teacher he meets in a support group.\n Hélène Joy as Audrey Sweeney is the emotionally starved wife of Mike Sweeney, trying to cope with her recent diagnosis of breast cancer.\n Sonya Salomaa as Traci Prager (season 1)\n Laurence Leboeuf as Sadie Sweeney\n Greyston Holt as Ray Prager Jr., the self-conscious teenage son of Ray Prager Sr., struggling to find his place despite his overbearing parents, and feeling caught in the middle of his parents' disintegrating relationship. He seems oblivious to his father's shady interests and is often silent about his personal aspirations.\n Justin Louis as Ray Prager (season 1)\n Patrick Labbé as Tom Bykovski (season 2; recurring season 1)\n Michelle Forbes as Penelope Verrity (season 2)\n Michael Nardone as Ivan Sujic (season 3)\n\nRecurring\n Jean-Nicolas Verreault as Jayson Graves Big Guy (season 1)\n Kathleen Munroe as Nathalie Lacroix (season 1)\n Joel Keller as Jake Sharpe (seasons 1–2)\n Claudia Ferri as Roxy Calvert (seasons 1–2)\n Cicely Austin as Maddie Sweeney\n Michael Dopud as Glenn Stuckey (season 2)\n Romano Orzari as Ray Prager (season 2)\n Geordie Johnson as Jonathan Verrity (season 2)\n Alex Cardillo as Mark Verrity (season 2)\n Christine Ghawi as Elodie Belknap (season 2)\n Krista Bridges as Sabina Leung (season 3)\n Andreas Apergis as Miro Çercu (season 3)\n Bénédicte Décary as Eva Arcady (season 3)\n Shannon Kook-Chun as David Cho (season 3)\n Gord Rand as Dr. Campbell Chin\n\nGuest\n Danny Blanco Hall as Caleb (season 1)\n\nEpisodes\n\nSeries overview\n\nSeason 1 (2007)\n\nSeason 2 (2009)\n\nSeason 3 (2010)\n\nDistribution\nAll three seasons of Durham County are distributed in Canada by Muse Distribution International and internationally by ITV Global.\n\nAll three seasons were filmed in and around Montreal, Quebec.\n\nDVD releases\nAnchor Bay Entertainment has released the first two seasons on DVD in Canada only. The third season will be released on February 21, 2012.\n\nIn addition to the DVD releases, all three seasons became available in Canada in the iTunes Store on August 1, 2011.\n\nWell Go USA released the first season on DVD in the US. Season 2 was released on November 23, 2010.\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nSeason 1\n Gemini Awards\nBest Writing in a Dramatic Series\nBest Direction in a Dramatic Series\nBest Performance by an Actor in a Continuing Leading Dramatic Role\nBest Performance by an Actress in a Continuing Leading Dramatic Role\nBest Sound in a Dramatic Series\n Gemini Nominations\nBest Dramatic Series\nBest Photography in a Dramatic Program\nBest Picture Editing in a Dramatic Program\nBest Costume Design\nBest Achievement in Casting\nBest Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Series\nBest Performance by an Actor in a Continuing Leading Role\n Directors Guild of Canada\n Nominations\nBest Editing – Dramatic Series \nBest Direction – Television Series\n Canadian Film and Television Production Association (CFTPA)\nIndie Award - Best Dramatic Series\n 2008 WorldFest – Houston International Film Festival\nWinner of Gold Award\nBest TV Series - Dramatic\n Directors Guild of Canada Award Nominations\nTeam Television Series – Drama \nProduction Design – Television Series\n Writers Guild of Canada Award Nomination\nBest Writing in a Dramatic Series\n Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists\nMontreal Awards Nominations\nOutstanding Female Performance\nOutstanding Male Performance\n Leo Awards Nomination\nBest Supporting Performance by a Female in a Dramatic Series\nBest Supporting Performance by a Male in a Dramatic Series\n\nSeason 2\n Gemini Awards\nBest Achievement in Main Title Design - Kevin Chandoo\nBest Achievement in Make-Up - Eva Coudouloux and Adrien Morot\n Gemini Nominations\nBest Dramatic Series\nBest Direction in a Dramatic Series - Adrienne Mitchell\nBest Performance by an Actress in a Continuing Leading Dramatic Role - Helene Joy\nBest Achievement in Casting - Andrea Kenyon, Wendy O'Brien, Marissa Richmond, and Randi Wells\n Monte-Carlo Television Festival\nWinner of 2010 Golden Nymph Award\nOutstanding Actress- Michelle Forbes (Drama TV Series)\n Monte-Carlo Television Festival Nominations\nOutstanding Actor – Hugh Dillon (Drama TV Series)\nOutstanding International Producer – Janis Lundman, Adrienne Mitchell, Laurie Finstad Knizhnik and Michael Prupas (Drama TV Series)\n Directors Guild of Canada Award Winners\nBest Direction- TV Series - Adrienne Mitchell\nBest Production Design- TV Series - Donna Noonan\n Directors Guild of Canada Award Nominee\nBest Picture Editing- TV Series\n EMPixx Awards\nPlatinum Award for Best National Cable Program in the Entertainment Category\n WorldFest – Houston International Film Festival \nWinner of the Platinum Award - Best TV Series – Drama\n\nSeason 3\nGemini Award Wins\n Best Achievement in Casting - Marissa Richmond, Libby Goldstein, Andrea Kenyon, Suzanne Smith, Randi Wells\n Gemini Award Nominations\n Best Direction in a Dramatic Series - Charles Biname\n Best Sound in a Dramatic Series - Steve Moore, Alex Bullick, Yann Cleary, Christian Cooke, Andrea Higgins, Jill Purdy, Marilee Yorston\n Best Performance by an Actor in a Continuing Lead Dramatic Role - Hugh Dillon\n Best Performance by an Actor in a Guest Role, Dramatic Series - Michael Nardone\n Best Performance by an Actress in Featured Supporting Role in a Dramatic Series - Benedicte Decary\n Director's Guild of Canada Award Nominations\n Best Direction - Television Series - Adrienne Mitchell\n Best Sound Editing - Television Series - Jill Purdy, Alex Bullick, Rose Gregoris\n 2011 EMPixx Awards\n Platinum Award - Entertainment Category - Janis Lundman, Adrienne Mitchell, Michael Prupas and Laurie Finstad Knizhnik\n Platinum Award - Writing - Laurie Finstad Knizhnik\n Platinum Award - Art Direction and Set Design - Donna Noonan\n Platinum Award - Cinematography - Eric Cayla\n Platinum Award - Editing - Teresa De Luca\n Platinum Award - Editing - Michele Conroy\n Platinum Award - Directing - Adrienne Mitchell\n Platinum Award - Music Composition - Peter Chapman\n2011 WorldFest-Houston Remi Awards\n Winner of a Gold 2011 Worldfest Remi Award in the category of TV Series - Dramatic.\nWorldFest-Houston International Film Festival 2011''\n Nominated for 5 awards including: Outstanding International Producers (Janis Lundman, Adrienne Mitchell, Michael Prupas), Outstanding Actor (Hugh Dillon, Michael Nardone) and Outstanding Actress (Hélène Joy, Laurence Leboeuf).Remi Award Nominations Nominated for a 2011 Worldfest Remi Award in the category of TV Series - Dramatic.Interactive Media 2010 Award Best in Class - Television in recognition of Durham County - Season 3 Website www.durhamcounty.ca\n WGC Screenwriting Award'''\n Script for \"Distance, Hunting and Home\", written by Laurie Finstad Knizhnik, was chosen as a finalist\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n \n\n2000s Canadian crime drama television series\n2010s Canadian crime drama television series\n2007 Canadian television series debuts\n2010 Canadian television series endings\nCrave original programming\nTelevision series about cancer\nTelevision series by Muse Entertainment\nTelevision shows set in Ontario" ]

[ "Donnie Yen", "Real fighting experience and prowess" ]

[ "Cindy Yen (), born as Cindy Wu ( on November 14, 1986 is a Taiwanese-American singer, songwriter, actress, composer and producer. She was the first artist to be signed to JR Yang and Jay Chou's company, JVR Music, in 2009, when the company was already 10 years old. In October 2009 she released her first self-titled album: Cindy Yen 袁詠琳. Her first single, \"Sand Painting,\" a duet sung with Jay Chou and composed by Yen herself, became an instant success. Yen's music covers an array of styles ranging from R&B, soul, pop, and classical, to rock, acoustic folk, dance and hip-hop.\n\nBackground and early life \nCindy Yen was born and raised in Houston, Texas, to a statistics lecturer father and a certified accountant mother. When she was 12 her parents divorced, and since then Yen was brought up solely by her mother in USA as her father returned to his alma mater, National Cheng Kung University, as a Statistics professor. The piano become Yen's \"best friend,\" and she once stated during an interview that \"without piano, there is no me. Piano is my other half, what makes me complete. Everything I bury inside my heart I let out when I play.\" Yen attended Bellaire High School near Houston, TX and in 2004, went on to study and graduated from The University of Texas at Austin where she double-majored in piano performance and broadcast journalism.\n\nIn 2015, Yen revealed on Facebook that in 2008, she auditioned for American Idol in Dallas, but was eliminated by Randy Jackson's deciding vote. She then won the title of Miss Chinatown Houston 2008 and continued to win the national title of Miss Chinatown USA 2009. In the fall of 2008, Yen moved to Taiwan with her self-made demo, aiming to become a recording artist.\n\nDuring the first few days, Yen met many record companies but was repeatedly rejected by all. They told her that her music was too \"Western\" and not suitable for the Asian market. They also said her style of singing wasn't suitable for the Chinese language, because it was too R&B and soul. Finally, she became the first artist ever to sign to JR Yang and the Taiwanese pop star Jay Chou's company, JVR Music in February 2009.\n\nMusic career\n\n2009–2010 \"Sand Painting\" \nWithin eight months of signing, Yen released her debut single, \"Sand Painting,\" a duet sung with Jay Chou and composed/produced by Yen. It was the first time Chou had ever sung a song not written by himself. \"Sand Painting\" became the number one downloaded ringtone in Taiwan. It reached the top on many Asian billboards and at KTV. Yen's debut album was listed under Top 10 on the G-Music charts and Rose Records for 5 consecutive weeks, and was the number one listened to album on Taiwan's KKBox Charts for 4 consecutive weeks. \"Sand Painting\" went on to place as one of China's most popular top ten hit songs of 2010, as ranked in China's 2010 Mandarin Web Original Composition Pop Music Charts. She later re-wrote the lyrics for its English version – \"Another One Like You\"\n\nYen became the featured girl in commercials for the Taiwan cell phone company, FarEasTone. Yen composed and sang the theme song \"Do you see me\" for FarEasTone advertisements, after Joanna Wang & Alisa Gao.\n\nOn October 30, 2009, Yen released her self-titled album \"Cindy Yen\".\n\nHer debut album is mainly built upon R&B, with popular elements such as rock, hip-hop, and folk. Yen composed and produced her album, with some help with the lyrics from Vincent Fang & Nan Quan Mama’s Lara Veronin. The album also includes genres such as pop rock, hard metal and Latin hip-hop dance beats. Songs included \"Stupid Fish,\" \"Very Traveling Love,\" \"Singing a Song Because of Longing,\" and \"Dancing With Threat\", as well as piano ballads like \"I'm Sorry\" and \"That Year We Made a Wish Together\".\n\nSince her debut, Yen has opened her own mini-concert in Hong Kong and was on tour with Jay Chou's 2010 \"The Era\" Concert Tour as a regular guest performer.\n\n2011–2012 \"2 Be Different\" \n\nYen released her second album, '2 Be Different', on September 29, 2011. Like the first album, Yen wrote and produced all ten songs on her album, which included a new electronic dance single \"陷阱\" (\"Trap\") instead. The music video prompted a blogger on CPopAccess to compare her with Jolin Tsai.\n\nYen said in an interview with Singapore's Razor TV that her new album aimed to empower women. Following the release of \"2 Be Different\", Yen received Best Stylistic New Artist at the Beijing MTV Super Awards 2011. Yen also received Best Single of the Year for \"Trap\" and Best Stylistic Breakthrough Artist of the Year at the Beijing Music Awards 2012.\n\n2015–2016 \"Fight For Love\" \nYen released her third album 'Fight For Love' in 2015. In this album, she self-produced two of the music videos – \"Come To Mami\" & \"Bad Boy\".\n\n2018 \"This Moment EP\"\n\n2020 Collaboration with Della Ding \nShe collaborate with Della Ding, Taiwanese singer from B'in Music for the first time and released a song named \"I Want Me\" (我要我).\n\nTelevision and film \n\nYen first made a special guest appearance in Jay Chou's television drama series Pandamen (熊貓人) in 2010 where she played herself as an international concert pianist champion. \n \nOn July 5, 2011, Yen debut as a supporting actress in her first TV drama series in the network series 瑰寶1949 (Invaluable Treasure 1949) along with her good friend 賴雅妍 (Megan Lai) and 林佑威 (Yowei Lin). The TV series was nominated for 5 Golden Bell Awards including Best Male Actor, Best Female Actress, and Best Drama of the Year. Invaluable Treasure 1949 ended up winning Best Artistic Design and Best Sound Effects.\n\nIn January 2012, Yen finished filming her first full-length feature film called First Time (第一次) alongside actor Mark Chao (趙又廷) and Hong Kong model Angelababy. Yen also wrote two theme songs for the film, which can be found on the original soundtrack. The First Time premiered in China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong on June 8, 2012, and received top box office charts in China.\n\nIn the Summer of 2020, Yen participated in a Chinese reality show called Sisters Who Make Waves (乘风破浪的姐姐). At first, she didn't feel confident about her ability to compete against the other contestants who she deemed were \"more famous than her\". However, she ended up receiving a lot of attention for her performances on the show. She played piano in the initial scoring stage, rapped for the first time in Chinese during the first performance, and playing the violin during the duet with New Pants before being eliminated after the fourth performance.\n\nPhilanthropy, voluntary work and community service \nIn January 2010, Yen became TVBS' spokesperson for their \"Lotus\" charity event aimed at raising money for children. She said she hopes to open a music school or a music camp of some sort that can provide \"financial-free\" education for children and give them a chance to creatively express themselves through music.\n\nIn November 2010, Yen performed alongside Jay Chou and Will Pan at Soong Ching-ling's (also known as Madame Sun yat-sen) Charity Foundation event as part of the 2010 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters season Shanghai Street Circuit in Pudong. Together, the three artists donated ¥1,500,000 (US$250,000) for families residing in the eastern part of China.\n\nIn March 2011, Yen was a member of the \"Fight and Smile\" campaign dedicated to help fundraise money for Japan's tsunami crisis. Along with other Taiwanese artists, Yen sang in the song \"Believe\" (相信愛） and also performed \"Hero\" during the \"Fight and Smile\" fundraising program.\n\nStarting in March 2012, Yen has been involved in Taiwans's 336 Charity, an organization aiming to provide education and awareness for autistic children and their families.\n\nDiscography \nSolo Albums:\n Cindy Yen 袁詠琳 (2009)\n First self-title album【Cindy】, 10 self-composed tracks\n 2 be different (2011)\n Fight For Love (2015)\n The Moment EP (2018)\n\nOther Released Singles:\n\n 2020 TV Drama【The Little Nyonya】, Ending Theme \"Impenetrable\"\n 2019 TV Drama【Yong-jiu Grocery Store】, Interlude song \"I Believe\"\n 2019 COTTON USA Theme Song, Digital Single \"Brave\"\n 2017 COTTON USA Theme Song, Digital Single \"Fighting For Love\"\n 2016 COTTON USA Theme Song, Digital Single \"I Love Myself\"\n 2016 TV Drama【Ice Fantasy】, Ending theme song \"Heart\"\n 2016 TV Drama【Ice Fantasy】, Interlude song \"Li Luo\"\n 2015 Third album【Fight For Love】, 8 self-composed tracks\n 2014 Taichung Teddy Carnival, Theme Song \"Fly Tonight\"\n 2014 PTS TV Life Story【Smile in the Dark】, Interlude Song \"Love is Black & White\"\n 2014 TTV Drama【CHOCOLAT】, Interlude song \"Is This Love?\"\n 2013 Master Kong (Tingyi) 3+2 Cookie Series TV Commercial, Theme Song\n 2012 Fubon Culture & Educational Foundation Young Voice, Theme song\n 2012 TTV Drama【In Between】, Theme song \"In Between\"\n 2012 Movie【First Time】, Theme Song \"Cry Like a Baby\"\n 2012 Movie【First Time】, Interlude song \"Arrangement\"\n 2011 Second album【2 BE DIFFERENT】, 10 self-composed tracks\n 2011 Taichung Municipal Da-Dun Junior High School, Theme song \"Forest of Hopes\"\n 2011 PTS Drama【The Invaluable Treasure, 1949】, End title song \"Dust\"\n 2011 PTS Drama【The Invaluable Treasure, 1949】, Interlude song \"After Pain\"\n 2011 PTS Drama【The Invaluable Treasure, 1949】, Theme song \"Invaluable Treasure\"\n\nSongs written & produced for other artists:\n痛了才懂 (Understanding After Pain), performed by 浪花兄弟 (The Drifters)\n哭得像小孩 (Cry Like A Child), performed by 趙又庭 (Mark Chao)\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nTV and film\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n Cindy’s Official China Blog 袁詠琳新浪微博\n\nAmerican musicians of Taiwanese descent\nAmerican women musicians of Chinese descent\nSony BMG artists\nLiving people\n1986 births\nMusicians from Houston\nUniversity of Texas at Austin College of Fine Arts alumni\n21st-century Taiwanese women singers\nMoody College of Communication alumni\n21st-century American women singers\n21st-century American singers", "Donnie Yen Ji-dan (; born 27 July 1963) is a Hong Kong actor, martial artist, film director, producer, action director and choreographer.\n\nYen is one of Hong Kong's top action stars. Yen is widely credited for bringing mixed martial arts (MMA) into the mainstream Asian cinema by choreographing MMA in many of his films since the early 2000s. The first Chinese UFC champion Zhang Weili states that Yen's films introduced her to MMA. Yen has displayed skill in an array of martial arts, being well-versed in Tai Chi, Boxing, Kickboxing, Jeet Kune Do, Hapkido, Mixed Martial Arts, Taekwondo, Karate, Muay Thai, Wrestling, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Hung Ga, Sanda, Judo, Wing Chun, and Wushu. One of the most popular film stars in Asia of the early 2000s, Yen is consistently one of the highest-paid actors in Asia. Yen earned HK$220 million (US$28.4 million) from four films and six advertisements in 2013.\n\nYen is credited by many for contributing to the popularisation of Wing Chun in China. He portrays Wing Chun grandmaster Ip Man in the Ip Man film series, which has garnered box office success and led to an increase in the number of people taking up Wing Chun, with hundreds of new Wing Chun schools being opened up in mainland China and other parts of Asia. Ip Chun, the eldest son of Ip Man, even mentioned that he is grateful to Yen for making his family's art popular and allowing his father's legacy to be remembered. He has also gained international recognition for playing Chirrut Îmwe in Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016), Xiang in XXX: Return of Xander Cage (2017) and Commander Tung in Mulan (2020).\n\nEarly life\nYen was born on 27 July 1963 in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. His mother, Bow-sim Mark, is a Fu Style Wudangquan (internal martial arts) and Tai Chi grandmaster, while his father, Klyster Yen (甄雲龍), was a newspaper editor. When he was two years old, his family moved to Hong Kong and then to the United States, settling in Boston when he was 11. His younger sister, Chris Yen, is also a martial artist and actress, and appeared in the 2007 film Adventures of Johnny Tao: Rock Around the Dragon.\n\nAt a young age, under the influence of his mother, Yen developed an interest in martial arts and began experimenting with various styles, including t'ai chi and other traditional Chinese martial arts. Yen then started Karate when he was nine. Yen focused on practising wushu seriously at the age 14 after dropping out of school. His parents were concerned that he was spending too much time in Boston's Combat Zone, so they sent him to Beijing on a 4-year training program with the Beijing Wushu Team. When Yen decided to return to the United States, he made a side-trip to Hong Kong, where he met action choreographer Yuen Woo-ping. Yen finally started taekwondo at around the age of sixteen.\n\nYen also came from a family of musicians. His mother is a soprano, in addition to being a martial arts teacher in Boston, while his father is a violinist. From a young age, he was taught by his parents to play musical instruments, including the piano. He also knows hip-hop dancing and breakdancing.\n\nCareer\n\nBeginnings to the '90s \nYen's first step into the film industry was when he landed his first starring role in the 1984 film Drunken Tai Chi.\n\nAfter filming Drunken Tai Chi and Tiger Cage (1988), Yen made his breakthrough role as General Nap-lan in Once Upon a Time in China II (1992), which included a fight scene between his character and Wong Fei-hung (played by Jet Li). Yen had a starring role in the film Iron Monkey in 1993. Yen and Li appeared together again in the 2002 film Hero, where Yen played a spear (or qiang) fighter who fought with Li's character, an unnamed swordsman. The film was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 2003 Academy Awards.\n\nIn 1995, Yen starred as Chen Zhen in the television series Fist of Fury produced by ATV, which is adapted from the 1972 film of the same title that starred Bruce Lee as Chen Zhen. Yen reprised his role as Chen Zhen in the 2010 film Legend of the Fist: The Return of Chen Zhen.\n\nIn 1997, Yen started the production company Bullet Films, and made his directorial debut in Legend of the Wolf (1997) and Ballistic Kiss (1998), in which he played the lead character. At age 34, Yen almost went bankrupt. Films produced by his own production company and directed by him were critically acclaimed but did not do well at the box office. Yen was forced to borrow money from loan sharks and his production crew to get by.\n\n2000s: Breakthrough success \nYen later went back to the United States, where he was invited to choreograph fight scenes in Hollywood films, such as Highlander: Endgame (2000) and Blade II (2002). His choreography and skills impressed the directors, and they invited him for cameo appearances in both movies.\n\nIn 2002, Jet Li was filming the movie Hero and insisted to the director (Zhang Yimou) that he wanted Yen to play the role of Sky, his adversary, due to Yen's martial arts ability. Li personally invited Yen back from Hollywood to star in the movie, marking the second time the two actors appeared onscreen together since Once Upon a Time in China II ten years earlier.\nIn 2003, Yen played one of the antagonists against Jackie Chan and Owen Wilson in Shanghai Knights.\n\nYen choreographed most of the fight animation in the 2004 video game Onimusha 3, which featured actors Takeshi Kaneshiro and Jean Reno. Yen continued to be active in Hong Kong cinema in the 2000s, starring as Chu Zhaonan in Tsui Hark's wuxia epic film Seven Swords, and as Ma Kwun in Wilson Yip's brutal crime drama film SPL: Sha Po Lang in 2005. Both films were featured at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival. Later that year, Yen co-starred with Nicholas Tse and Shawn Yue in Wilson Yip's Dragon Tiger Gate, an adaptation of Wong Yuk-long's manhua series Oriental Heroes. Yen also worked as action choreographer in Stormbreaker, starring Alex Pettyfer. Yen continued to work with Wilson Yip in Flash Point (2007), in which he starred as the lead character and served as producer and action choreographer for the film. He won the award for Best Action Choreography at the Golden Horse Film Awards and the Hong Kong Film Awards for his performance in Flash Point.\n\nIn 2008, Yen starred in Ip Man, a semi-biographical account of Ip Man, the Wing Chun master of Bruce Lee. Ip Man marked Yen's fourth collaboration with director Wilson Yip, reuniting him with his co-stars in SPL: Sha Po Lang, Sammo Hung and Simon Yam. Ip Man became the biggest box office hit to date featuring Yen in the leading role, grossing HK$25 million in Hong Kong and 100 million yuan in China.\n\n \n\nYen as seen in the Ip Man series\n\nFrom 2010 to 2015 \nIn August 2011, while Yen was on a vacation with his family in the United States, he reportedly received an invitation by producer Avi Lerner to star in The Expendables 2. It was stated that Yen was considering the offer, had many films at hand, and would wait until deciding whether the script appealed to him. Later on, Yen revealed to the Hong Kong media that he had rejected the role.\n\nIn 2011, Yen revealed that he was venturing into other genres of movies and had taken up two comedy roles in a row, in All's Well, Ends Well 2011 and All's Well, Ends Well 2012, and would be working with Carina Lau in the former and Sandra Ng in the latter. Both films obtained huge critical and box-office success and proved Yen's versatility as an actor.\n\nYen took a six-month break in the second half of 2011 after the filming of The Monkey King 3D, explaining that he wanted to spend more time with his family and be with his children more as they grew up.\n\nIn 2012, Yen returned to the movie industry and commenced the filming of Special ID, in which he played the main lead, an undercover cop, and also took on the role of action choreographer. In 2013, it was reported that Donnie Yen would be playing the lead role for The Iceman Cometh 3D, a sci-fi action film dealing with time travel and which was filmed in 3D. Yen confirmed that MMA would be used in both of the abovementioned films.\n\nIn February 2013, the Weinstein Company confirmed that it had purchased the rights to Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon sequel and contacted Yen to play the male lead. In March 2013, Hong Kong magazines surfaced photos of Harvey and Bob Weinstein traveling to Hong Kong to meet with Yen and persuade him to accept the offer. It was reported that Yen was considering the role and quoted as saying, \"The first is that my schedule this year is very packed. The second is that the first film is already such a classic. I am afraid of the pressure, that the original cannot be surpassed.\"\n\nIn May 2013, during the annual Cannes Film Festival, the Weinstein Company announced that Yen would play the lead role of Silent Wolf in the Crouching Tiger sequel, titled Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny, alongside leading female action star Michelle Yeoh reprising her role as Yu Shu Lien, and with director Yuen Woo-ping, Yen's mentor. It was revealed that the movie would be filmed in both English and Mandarin to appeal to the international market.\n\nIt was also revealed during the Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon II press conference that the Weinstein Company had obtained rights to Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai, was planning a remake and was negotiating with Yen, George Clooney and Zhang Ziyi to star in the film. Donnie Yen declined the offer due to scheduling conflicts for the filming of Ip Man 3.\n\nIn late March 2015, Ip Man 3 was announced. Yen reprised his role as the titular character, Bruce Lee's martial arts master, Ip Man. Retired boxer and former heavyweight champion Mike Tyson was confirmed to join the cast. Donnie Yen mentioned that he was a big fan of Mike Tyson, watched many of his professional boxing bouts, and was excited to work with him. Mike Tyson stated during a press conference that he was a huge fan of Donnie Yen and has watched the first two Ip Man movies more than three times each and was honored to be invited for the final installment of the trilogy.\n\nPrincipal photography for Ip Man 3 began on March 25, 2015, and the finished movie was released in December 2015 in parts of Asia and around the world in early 2016 to generally favorable reviews.\n\nFrom 2016 to 2020 \nIn 2016, Yen co-starred in the Star Wars anthology film Rogue One as Chirrut Îmwe, the Zatoichi-like blind transient warrior. On February 12, 2016, it was confirmed that Yen would replace Jet Li in the role of Xiang in the upcoming action film XXX: Return of Xander Cage.\n\nFor the promotion of XXX: Return of Xander Cage, Paramount focused marketing efforts on Donnie Yen in China and most parts of Asia, placing him at the front of the film posters ahead of Vin Diesel, and shared clips and reviews of Yen's performance in the movie on the popular Chinese social media site Weibo. Paramount's efforts worked very well in China. XXX was number one in its opening weekend with $61.9 million, and crossed the $100 million mark in just six days with $22.2m coming from Valentine's Day alone after rave reviews praising Donnie Yen's performance swept through Chinese social media, driving moviegoers to the cinema.\n\nYen's performance in both Rogue One and XXX: Return of Xander Cage received extremely positive responses from critics and general audiences. For Return of Xander Cage, many media sites including Variety, Los Angeles Times, Screen Anarchy and Budomate praised Yen's performance and credited him as the highlight of the movie and stealing every scene he is in. In the case of Rogue One, other than praises from critics, Yen's performance was also applauded by audiences worldwide. In an official poll on the Star Wars webpage, in which more 40,000 people voted, Yen's character Chirrut Îmwe was voted as audiences' favorite Rogue One character.\n\nWhile Yen was filming XXX: Return of Xander Cage in Canada, he received many offers from Hollywood studios and directors. At the same time, Hong Kong director Wong Jing personally flew to Canada to invite Yen to star in his film Chasing the Dragon, a remake of the award-winning film To be Number One. Yen eventually accepted the offer and played a non-traditional role of a villain with limited fighting scenes and the opportunity to work alongside Andy Lau.\n\nIn September 2017, Chasing the Dragon was released with extremely positive reviews from critics, citing Yen's versatility as an actor and his incredible portrayal of the late Ng Sek Ho, the main character of the film. Chasing the Dragon was also a huge hit with audiences in most parts of Asia. In Hong Kong, Chasing the Dragon is ranked as one of the top 5 Hong Kong films in 2017.\n\nIn 2017, Yen received a call from old friend Jet Li and Alibaba CEO Jack Ma about a potential collaboration on a short martial arts film known as Gong Shou Dao - to promote a new form of Taiji as an olympic sport in the future. Yen was on holiday with his wife to celebrate their anniversary, but cancelled his plans to take part in the film. Yen declined any salary for this participation for GSD as he stated that \"friendship is not measured by money\" and that he hopes his participation can help promote Chinese martial arts to worldwide audiences. In return, Jet Li and Jack Ma surprised Yen and his wife Cissy, by helping to celebrate their wedding anniversary on the set. The full GSD 20 minutes short film was released on 11 November - China's Singles' Day, debuting on Youku and Jet Li's official Facebook page, garnering a total of more than 100 million views worldwide. Netizens in China praised Yen's speed and technique in the film, with most audiences (over 190,000) voting Yen as the highlight of the short film.\n\nIn late 2017, Yen began filming Big Brother, a mixed martial arts film where Yen plays a high school teacher with unconventional methods and a dark past.\n\nIn 2017, a live-action film adaption of the video game Sleeping Dogs was announced, with Yen playing the lead character Wei Shen. In February 2018, Yen confirmed the continued production of the film through social media.\n\nIn 2019, Yen reprised his role as Ip Man for the final time in Ip Man 4: The Finale. During the Hong Kong protests of that year, protesters urged a boycott of the film, citing the pro-Beijing stances of Yen, co-star Danny Chan, and producer Raymond Wong. Nonetheless, the film was a box office success, grossing over three times its budget of $52 million and becoming the highest-grossing Chinese film of all time in Malaysia as well as the third-highest-grossing Chinese film in North America in five years.\nIn March 2020, as part of the press tour for Disney's live-action remake of Mulan, when Yen was asked by reporters whether he was interested in appearing in a superhero movie, Yen revealed that he had been offered a role in Warner Brothers' Justice League and Aquaman films by Zack Snyder, but turned it down due to a scheduling conflict. The role offered was that of Nuidis Vulko, which eventually went to Willem Dafoe.\n\nMartial arts history, style and philosophy\nYen describes himself as a mixed martial artist. He learned Tai Chi from a young age under his mother's tutelage. He then wanted to learn Taekwondo in his teenage years, earning a 6th Dan in the process. At the time, the Beijing Wushu Team had a scout in the United States and invited Yen over to Beijing, China, where he began training at the Beijing Sports Institute, the same facility where champion-turned-actor Jet Li trained; this is where the two of them crossed paths for the first time.\n\nUpon his return to the United States, Yen won gold medals in various wushu competitions.\n\nYen later went on to discover and seek knowledge on other martial arts styles; he would later obtain black and purple belts from judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu, respectively, and went on to study parkour, wrestling, muay Thai, kickboxing and boxing under various trainers. His exposure to mixed martial arts (MMA) was heightened when he went back to the United States from 2000 to 2003. While making his Hollywood debut, he also took time off to learn the various martial arts forms. Yen's progress was evident when he returned to Asia, where he implemented his newfound knowledge of MMA, showcased in films such as SPL: Sha Po Lang (2005), Flash Point (2007), and Special ID (2013).\n\nNear the end of 2007, Yen added a new martial arts system to his arsenal. He was offered the role of Wing Chun grandmaster and mentor of film star Bruce Lee, Ip Man, in a 2008 film named after the grandmaster. He worked hard and studied Wing Chun under Ip Man's eldest son, Ip Chun, for 9 months before tackling the role. Ip Chun has since praised Yen for his effort, his skills as a martial artist, and his ability to grasp the full concept of Wing Chun much faster than anyone else he has taught.\n\nYen believes that combining many martial arts together will produce the most effective and harmonious style. Yen has said, \"When you watch my films, you're feeling my heart.\" He believes in practical combat, and in his opinion, MMA is the most authentic type of practical combat.\n\nYen was a rebel in his youth due to the huge expectations and pressures from his parents, as his mother is the founder of the Chinese Wushu Research Institute in Boston, and his father was a scholar and a musician. Yen joined a Chinatown gang in Boston, MA, in his early years. He was a very curious teenager who sought to exchange martial arts knowledge with people from different martial arts backgrounds, which led to him gaining profound knowledge in practical martial arts and having a reputation as a street brawler.\n\nOne reported occasion confirms Yen as being an efficient martial artist. According to news reports by Hong Kong news channels in the late 1990s, Yen was at a nightclub with his then-girlfriend, Joey Meng. Inside the nightclub, Meng was harassed by a troublesome gang that had taken an interest in her. Yen warned them to leave her alone, but they persisted in causing trouble. As Yen and Meng left the club, the gang followed and attacked Yen. Yen beat up eight members of the gang who were later hospitalized.\n\nOther martial arts stars such as Jackie Chan and Jet Li have also stated that Yen may be the best fighter in terms of practical combat in the Asian cinematic universe.\n\nWorld class fighters, such as former Strikeforce Middleweight Champion Cung Le and former World Boxing Heavyweight Champion Mike Tyson, who have worked with Donnie Yen in the films Bodyguards and Assassins and Ip Man 3, respectively, have both claimed that Yen is an incredible martial artist and would do well in authentic combat. While filming Ip Man 3, crew members were worried that Tyson, who had been a professional boxer, would accidentally injure Yen. However, it was ultimately Yen who fractured Tyson's finger while using his elbow to block Tyson's punches. Tyson insisted on finishing the scene before he was treated in hospital.\n\nAction choreography\nDonnie Yen was considered one of the premiere action choreographers in the world, having been invited by Hollywood to choreograph blockbusters such as Blade II, Highlander: Endgame, and Shanghai Knights. In Asia, he is the action choreographer for most of his movies and has won multiple awards for his action choreography.\n\nYen's most famous works include films such as Flash Point and SPL: Sha Po Lang. He has mentioned that the main differences in filmmaking in Asia and Hollywood are with regards to freedom and control. In Asia, the action choreographer takes over the scene during the fight scene. This means that for action scenes filmed in Asia, the choreographer becomes the director and is in full control over camera placements, camera angles, and the relationship between the drama and the action; therefore the main director is not needed at all. While in Hollywood, on the other hand, Yen explains that the action choreographer simply choreographs the actions with the director, who still maintains full control of such settings and camera angles.\n\nYen's work as a choreographer won him the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Action Choreography at the 27th Hong Kong Film Awards and the Golden Horse Award for Best Action Choreography at the 2008 and 2011 Golden Horse Awards.\n\nYen was the fight choreographer for the 2010 film Legend of the Fist: The Return of Chen Zhen. For this film, Yen mentioned that he included Jeet Kune Do elements as a tribute to Bruce Lee, who played Chen Zhen in the 1972 film Fist of Fury. Furthermore, he incorporated many MMA elements in the film, coupled with the utilisation of Wing Chun. Yen also stated that the concept behind Bruce Lee's Jeet Kune Do is similar to that of MMA, hence the incorporation of many forms of martial arts was a necessity in the film.\n\nHe won the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Action Choreography four times, being one of the most frequent winners of this coveted award. He has won awards for his choreography in films such as The Twins Effect, SPL: Sha Po Lang, Flash Point, and Kung Fu Jungle. Although uncredited, Donnie Yen was also action co-choreographer for Hong Kong Film Award winners such as Ip Man, Ip Man 2, and Bodyguards and Assassins.\n\nBodybuilding and transformation for roles\n\nYen is renowned for his physical fitness, strength, and speed achieved through his use of a strict and disciplined fitness regimen to build up strength and fitness.\n\nHowever, despite his muscular build, Yen has gained tremendous attention for his dedication to his roles and for the lengths to which he goes to achieve the physical build and appearance of the characters he plays. In 2007, Yen lost over 14 kg (30 pounds) to reach the weight of 54 kg (120 pounds) to better portray the slender Ip Man and the techniques of wing chun, which focuses on techniques and not strength. He did so through a very strict regimen of limiting himself to a plain diet consisting mainly of vegetables.\n\nIn 2010, still fresh off Ip Man 2, Yen was cast as Chen Zhen in Legend of the Fist: The Return of Chen Zhen, which was originally portrayed by Bruce Lee. He had to regain his muscular physique for the role and took 6 months through a precise and dedicated diet routine. He maintained this bulk and physique while filming The Lost Bladesman, in which he plays Guan Yu, a Chinese general known for his size and spear-fighting abilities.\n\nIn 2015, Yen reduced his muscular physique yet again to reprise the role of Ip Man in Ip Man 3 and for his role as the blind warrior monk Chirrut Îmwe in Rogue One: A Star Wars Story. For his role as Xiang in XXX: Return of Xander Cage opposite Vin Diesel, Yen rebuilt his physique.\n\nPersonal life\nYen met his first wife and Hong Kong advertising executive, Leung Zing-ci (), in 1990. The couple began dating in 1990. After three years of dating, they married secretly in the United States in November 1993. The marriage ended in less than a year. After their divorce was finalized, Leung realized that she was pregnant with their son, Jeff, who was born in 1995.\n\nYen later married former beauty queen Cissy Wang after three months of dating in 2003. The couple have two children, Jasmine and James.\n\nYen has stated that he is a big fan of the MMA organization Ultimate Fighting Championship and has watched almost every UFC event available. In various interviews, he has mentioned that he would have loved to compete in the Ultimate Fighting Championship if he did not have a recurring shoulder injury.\n\nPhilanthropic work\nIn 2012, Donnie Yen and his wife Cissy Wang co-founded Go.Asia, an online charity platform encouraging people to participate in charity work and serve local communities.\n\nIn October 2014, Donnie Yen was invited to be a guest speaker in front of a crowd of 20,000 youths for WE Day Vancouver, where he spoke about the hardships he faced growing up and how he overcame difficulties to become the reigning martial arts star.\n\nIn 2015, Yen visited refugee camps in Thailand, bringing donations and gifts for the refugees. Yen is also an ambassador for the international charity Save the Children.\n\nIn December 2015, Yen established a charitable fund, Yen's Honour Protection Fund, with the purpose of empowering celebrities to use the law to defend their honor and reputation. Yen said the fund \"[seeks] to assist and render help to everyone who needs it, most importantly to heal and repair the hearts and dignities which have been affected.\" This fund was established after Yen won a lawsuit against Geng Weiguo (AKA Tan Bing), who defamed Yen and hired netizens to threaten Yen's family.\n\nIn February 2020, in light of the coronavirus pandemic in China and the rest of the world, Donnie Yen stepped in to donate HK$1 million to frontline medical workers in Wuhan. He also produced and dedicated a short clip to thank all medical workers in China in their fight against the coronavirus; the clip was uploaded on Chinese social media site, Weibo, where Yen has over 11 million followers. He also donated a painting done by himself and his two children, to the frontline medical workers.\n\nFilmography\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n \n \"An Action Star Moves to the Lead,\" New York Times article\n Donnie Yen profile page at Hong Kong Cinemagic\n\n \n1963 births\n20th-century Hong Kong male actors\n21st-century Hong Kong male actors\nAction choreographers\nChinese Jeet Kune Do practitioners\nChinese Wing Chun practitioners\nFilm directors from Guangdong\nHong Kong emigrants to the United States\nHong Kong expatriates in the United States\nHong Kong film directors\nHong Kong film producers\nHong Kong hapkido practitioners\nHong Kong kung fu practitioners\nHong Kong male film actors\nHong Kong male judoka\nHong Kong male karateka\nHong Kong male kickboxers\nHong Kong male taekwondo practitioners\nHong Kong male television actors\nHong Kong martial artists\nHong Kong Muay Thai practitioners\nHong Kong philanthropists\nHong Kong practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu\nHong Kong stunt performers\nHong Kong wushu practitioners\nLiving people\nMale actors from Guangdong\nMale actors from Guangzhou\nSportspeople from Guangdong\nSportspeople from Guangzhou\nWing Chun practitioners from Hong Kong" ]

[ "Donnie Yen", "Real fighting experience and prowess", "When was Yen's first fight?", "As Yen and Joey left the club, the gang followed and attacked Yen. Yen beat up eight members of the gang who were later hospitalized." ]

[ "Cindy Yen (), born as Cindy Wu ( on November 14, 1986 is a Taiwanese-American singer, songwriter, actress, composer and producer. She was the first artist to be signed to JR Yang and Jay Chou's company, JVR Music, in 2009, when the company was already 10 years old. In October 2009 she released her first self-titled album: Cindy Yen 袁詠琳. Her first single, \"Sand Painting,\" a duet sung with Jay Chou and composed by Yen herself, became an instant success. Yen's music covers an array of styles ranging from R&B, soul, pop, and classical, to rock, acoustic folk, dance and hip-hop.\n\nBackground and early life \nCindy Yen was born and raised in Houston, Texas, to a statistics lecturer father and a certified accountant mother. When she was 12 her parents divorced, and since then Yen was brought up solely by her mother in USA as her father returned to his alma mater, National Cheng Kung University, as a Statistics professor. The piano become Yen's \"best friend,\" and she once stated during an interview that \"without piano, there is no me. Piano is my other half, what makes me complete. Everything I bury inside my heart I let out when I play.\" Yen attended Bellaire High School near Houston, TX and in 2004, went on to study and graduated from The University of Texas at Austin where she double-majored in piano performance and broadcast journalism.\n\nIn 2015, Yen revealed on Facebook that in 2008, she auditioned for American Idol in Dallas, but was eliminated by Randy Jackson's deciding vote. She then won the title of Miss Chinatown Houston 2008 and continued to win the national title of Miss Chinatown USA 2009. In the fall of 2008, Yen moved to Taiwan with her self-made demo, aiming to become a recording artist.\n\nDuring the first few days, Yen met many record companies but was repeatedly rejected by all. They told her that her music was too \"Western\" and not suitable for the Asian market. They also said her style of singing wasn't suitable for the Chinese language, because it was too R&B and soul. Finally, she became the first artist ever to sign to JR Yang and the Taiwanese pop star Jay Chou's company, JVR Music in February 2009.\n\nMusic career\n\n2009–2010 \"Sand Painting\" \nWithin eight months of signing, Yen released her debut single, \"Sand Painting,\" a duet sung with Jay Chou and composed/produced by Yen. It was the first time Chou had ever sung a song not written by himself. \"Sand Painting\" became the number one downloaded ringtone in Taiwan. It reached the top on many Asian billboards and at KTV. Yen's debut album was listed under Top 10 on the G-Music charts and Rose Records for 5 consecutive weeks, and was the number one listened to album on Taiwan's KKBox Charts for 4 consecutive weeks. \"Sand Painting\" went on to place as one of China's most popular top ten hit songs of 2010, as ranked in China's 2010 Mandarin Web Original Composition Pop Music Charts. She later re-wrote the lyrics for its English version – \"Another One Like You\"\n\nYen became the featured girl in commercials for the Taiwan cell phone company, FarEasTone. Yen composed and sang the theme song \"Do you see me\" for FarEasTone advertisements, after Joanna Wang & Alisa Gao.\n\nOn October 30, 2009, Yen released her self-titled album \"Cindy Yen\".\n\nHer debut album is mainly built upon R&B, with popular elements such as rock, hip-hop, and folk. Yen composed and produced her album, with some help with the lyrics from Vincent Fang & Nan Quan Mama’s Lara Veronin. The album also includes genres such as pop rock, hard metal and Latin hip-hop dance beats. Songs included \"Stupid Fish,\" \"Very Traveling Love,\" \"Singing a Song Because of Longing,\" and \"Dancing With Threat\", as well as piano ballads like \"I'm Sorry\" and \"That Year We Made a Wish Together\".\n\nSince her debut, Yen has opened her own mini-concert in Hong Kong and was on tour with Jay Chou's 2010 \"The Era\" Concert Tour as a regular guest performer.\n\n2011–2012 \"2 Be Different\" \n\nYen released her second album, '2 Be Different', on September 29, 2011. Like the first album, Yen wrote and produced all ten songs on her album, which included a new electronic dance single \"陷阱\" (\"Trap\") instead. The music video prompted a blogger on CPopAccess to compare her with Jolin Tsai.\n\nYen said in an interview with Singapore's Razor TV that her new album aimed to empower women. Following the release of \"2 Be Different\", Yen received Best Stylistic New Artist at the Beijing MTV Super Awards 2011. Yen also received Best Single of the Year for \"Trap\" and Best Stylistic Breakthrough Artist of the Year at the Beijing Music Awards 2012.\n\n2015–2016 \"Fight For Love\" \nYen released her third album 'Fight For Love' in 2015. In this album, she self-produced two of the music videos – \"Come To Mami\" & \"Bad Boy\".\n\n2018 \"This Moment EP\"\n\n2020 Collaboration with Della Ding \nShe collaborate with Della Ding, Taiwanese singer from B'in Music for the first time and released a song named \"I Want Me\" (我要我).\n\nTelevision and film \n\nYen first made a special guest appearance in Jay Chou's television drama series Pandamen (熊貓人) in 2010 where she played herself as an international concert pianist champion. \n \nOn July 5, 2011, Yen debut as a supporting actress in her first TV drama series in the network series 瑰寶1949 (Invaluable Treasure 1949) along with her good friend 賴雅妍 (Megan Lai) and 林佑威 (Yowei Lin). The TV series was nominated for 5 Golden Bell Awards including Best Male Actor, Best Female Actress, and Best Drama of the Year. Invaluable Treasure 1949 ended up winning Best Artistic Design and Best Sound Effects.\n\nIn January 2012, Yen finished filming her first full-length feature film called First Time (第一次) alongside actor Mark Chao (趙又廷) and Hong Kong model Angelababy. Yen also wrote two theme songs for the film, which can be found on the original soundtrack. The First Time premiered in China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong on June 8, 2012, and received top box office charts in China.\n\nIn the Summer of 2020, Yen participated in a Chinese reality show called Sisters Who Make Waves (乘风破浪的姐姐). At first, she didn't feel confident about her ability to compete against the other contestants who she deemed were \"more famous than her\". However, she ended up receiving a lot of attention for her performances on the show. She played piano in the initial scoring stage, rapped for the first time in Chinese during the first performance, and playing the violin during the duet with New Pants before being eliminated after the fourth performance.\n\nPhilanthropy, voluntary work and community service \nIn January 2010, Yen became TVBS' spokesperson for their \"Lotus\" charity event aimed at raising money for children. She said she hopes to open a music school or a music camp of some sort that can provide \"financial-free\" education for children and give them a chance to creatively express themselves through music.\n\nIn November 2010, Yen performed alongside Jay Chou and Will Pan at Soong Ching-ling's (also known as Madame Sun yat-sen) Charity Foundation event as part of the 2010 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters season Shanghai Street Circuit in Pudong. Together, the three artists donated ¥1,500,000 (US$250,000) for families residing in the eastern part of China.\n\nIn March 2011, Yen was a member of the \"Fight and Smile\" campaign dedicated to help fundraise money for Japan's tsunami crisis. Along with other Taiwanese artists, Yen sang in the song \"Believe\" (相信愛） and also performed \"Hero\" during the \"Fight and Smile\" fundraising program.\n\nStarting in March 2012, Yen has been involved in Taiwans's 336 Charity, an organization aiming to provide education and awareness for autistic children and their families.\n\nDiscography \nSolo Albums:\n Cindy Yen 袁詠琳 (2009)\n First self-title album【Cindy】, 10 self-composed tracks\n 2 be different (2011)\n Fight For Love (2015)\n The Moment EP (2018)\n\nOther Released Singles:\n\n 2020 TV Drama【The Little Nyonya】, Ending Theme \"Impenetrable\"\n 2019 TV Drama【Yong-jiu Grocery Store】, Interlude song \"I Believe\"\n 2019 COTTON USA Theme Song, Digital Single \"Brave\"\n 2017 COTTON USA Theme Song, Digital Single \"Fighting For Love\"\n 2016 COTTON USA Theme Song, Digital Single \"I Love Myself\"\n 2016 TV Drama【Ice Fantasy】, Ending theme song \"Heart\"\n 2016 TV Drama【Ice Fantasy】, Interlude song \"Li Luo\"\n 2015 Third album【Fight For Love】, 8 self-composed tracks\n 2014 Taichung Teddy Carnival, Theme Song \"Fly Tonight\"\n 2014 PTS TV Life Story【Smile in the Dark】, Interlude Song \"Love is Black & White\"\n 2014 TTV Drama【CHOCOLAT】, Interlude song \"Is This Love?\"\n 2013 Master Kong (Tingyi) 3+2 Cookie Series TV Commercial, Theme Song\n 2012 Fubon Culture & Educational Foundation Young Voice, Theme song\n 2012 TTV Drama【In Between】, Theme song \"In Between\"\n 2012 Movie【First Time】, Theme Song \"Cry Like a Baby\"\n 2012 Movie【First Time】, Interlude song \"Arrangement\"\n 2011 Second album【2 BE DIFFERENT】, 10 self-composed tracks\n 2011 Taichung Municipal Da-Dun Junior High School, Theme song \"Forest of Hopes\"\n 2011 PTS Drama【The Invaluable Treasure, 1949】, End title song \"Dust\"\n 2011 PTS Drama【The Invaluable Treasure, 1949】, Interlude song \"After Pain\"\n 2011 PTS Drama【The Invaluable Treasure, 1949】, Theme song \"Invaluable Treasure\"\n\nSongs written & produced for other artists:\n痛了才懂 (Understanding After Pain), performed by 浪花兄弟 (The Drifters)\n哭得像小孩 (Cry Like A Child), performed by 趙又庭 (Mark Chao)\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nTV and film\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n Cindy’s Official China Blog 袁詠琳新浪微博\n\nAmerican musicians of Taiwanese descent\nAmerican women musicians of Chinese descent\nSony BMG artists\nLiving people\n1986 births\nMusicians from Houston\nUniversity of Texas at Austin College of Fine Arts alumni\n21st-century Taiwanese women singers\nMoody College of Communication alumni\n21st-century American women singers\n21st-century American singers", "Donnie Yen Ji-dan (; born 27 July 1963) is a Hong Kong actor, martial artist, film director, producer, action director and choreographer.\n\nYen is one of Hong Kong's top action stars. Yen is widely credited for bringing mixed martial arts (MMA) into the mainstream Asian cinema by choreographing MMA in many of his films since the early 2000s. The first Chinese UFC champion Zhang Weili states that Yen's films introduced her to MMA. Yen has displayed skill in an array of martial arts, being well-versed in Tai Chi, Boxing, Kickboxing, Jeet Kune Do, Hapkido, Mixed Martial Arts, Taekwondo, Karate, Muay Thai, Wrestling, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Hung Ga, Sanda, Judo, Wing Chun, and Wushu. One of the most popular film stars in Asia of the early 2000s, Yen is consistently one of the highest-paid actors in Asia. Yen earned HK$220 million (US$28.4 million) from four films and six advertisements in 2013.\n\nYen is credited by many for contributing to the popularisation of Wing Chun in China. He portrays Wing Chun grandmaster Ip Man in the Ip Man film series, which has garnered box office success and led to an increase in the number of people taking up Wing Chun, with hundreds of new Wing Chun schools being opened up in mainland China and other parts of Asia. Ip Chun, the eldest son of Ip Man, even mentioned that he is grateful to Yen for making his family's art popular and allowing his father's legacy to be remembered. He has also gained international recognition for playing Chirrut Îmwe in Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016), Xiang in XXX: Return of Xander Cage (2017) and Commander Tung in Mulan (2020).\n\nEarly life\nYen was born on 27 July 1963 in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. His mother, Bow-sim Mark, is a Fu Style Wudangquan (internal martial arts) and Tai Chi grandmaster, while his father, Klyster Yen (甄雲龍), was a newspaper editor. When he was two years old, his family moved to Hong Kong and then to the United States, settling in Boston when he was 11. His younger sister, Chris Yen, is also a martial artist and actress, and appeared in the 2007 film Adventures of Johnny Tao: Rock Around the Dragon.\n\nAt a young age, under the influence of his mother, Yen developed an interest in martial arts and began experimenting with various styles, including t'ai chi and other traditional Chinese martial arts. Yen then started Karate when he was nine. Yen focused on practising wushu seriously at the age 14 after dropping out of school. His parents were concerned that he was spending too much time in Boston's Combat Zone, so they sent him to Beijing on a 4-year training program with the Beijing Wushu Team. When Yen decided to return to the United States, he made a side-trip to Hong Kong, where he met action choreographer Yuen Woo-ping. Yen finally started taekwondo at around the age of sixteen.\n\nYen also came from a family of musicians. His mother is a soprano, in addition to being a martial arts teacher in Boston, while his father is a violinist. From a young age, he was taught by his parents to play musical instruments, including the piano. He also knows hip-hop dancing and breakdancing.\n\nCareer\n\nBeginnings to the '90s \nYen's first step into the film industry was when he landed his first starring role in the 1984 film Drunken Tai Chi.\n\nAfter filming Drunken Tai Chi and Tiger Cage (1988), Yen made his breakthrough role as General Nap-lan in Once Upon a Time in China II (1992), which included a fight scene between his character and Wong Fei-hung (played by Jet Li). Yen had a starring role in the film Iron Monkey in 1993. Yen and Li appeared together again in the 2002 film Hero, where Yen played a spear (or qiang) fighter who fought with Li's character, an unnamed swordsman. The film was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 2003 Academy Awards.\n\nIn 1995, Yen starred as Chen Zhen in the television series Fist of Fury produced by ATV, which is adapted from the 1972 film of the same title that starred Bruce Lee as Chen Zhen. Yen reprised his role as Chen Zhen in the 2010 film Legend of the Fist: The Return of Chen Zhen.\n\nIn 1997, Yen started the production company Bullet Films, and made his directorial debut in Legend of the Wolf (1997) and Ballistic Kiss (1998), in which he played the lead character. At age 34, Yen almost went bankrupt. Films produced by his own production company and directed by him were critically acclaimed but did not do well at the box office. Yen was forced to borrow money from loan sharks and his production crew to get by.\n\n2000s: Breakthrough success \nYen later went back to the United States, where he was invited to choreograph fight scenes in Hollywood films, such as Highlander: Endgame (2000) and Blade II (2002). His choreography and skills impressed the directors, and they invited him for cameo appearances in both movies.\n\nIn 2002, Jet Li was filming the movie Hero and insisted to the director (Zhang Yimou) that he wanted Yen to play the role of Sky, his adversary, due to Yen's martial arts ability. Li personally invited Yen back from Hollywood to star in the movie, marking the second time the two actors appeared onscreen together since Once Upon a Time in China II ten years earlier.\nIn 2003, Yen played one of the antagonists against Jackie Chan and Owen Wilson in Shanghai Knights.\n\nYen choreographed most of the fight animation in the 2004 video game Onimusha 3, which featured actors Takeshi Kaneshiro and Jean Reno. Yen continued to be active in Hong Kong cinema in the 2000s, starring as Chu Zhaonan in Tsui Hark's wuxia epic film Seven Swords, and as Ma Kwun in Wilson Yip's brutal crime drama film SPL: Sha Po Lang in 2005. Both films were featured at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival. Later that year, Yen co-starred with Nicholas Tse and Shawn Yue in Wilson Yip's Dragon Tiger Gate, an adaptation of Wong Yuk-long's manhua series Oriental Heroes. Yen also worked as action choreographer in Stormbreaker, starring Alex Pettyfer. Yen continued to work with Wilson Yip in Flash Point (2007), in which he starred as the lead character and served as producer and action choreographer for the film. He won the award for Best Action Choreography at the Golden Horse Film Awards and the Hong Kong Film Awards for his performance in Flash Point.\n\nIn 2008, Yen starred in Ip Man, a semi-biographical account of Ip Man, the Wing Chun master of Bruce Lee. Ip Man marked Yen's fourth collaboration with director Wilson Yip, reuniting him with his co-stars in SPL: Sha Po Lang, Sammo Hung and Simon Yam. Ip Man became the biggest box office hit to date featuring Yen in the leading role, grossing HK$25 million in Hong Kong and 100 million yuan in China.\n\n \n\nYen as seen in the Ip Man series\n\nFrom 2010 to 2015 \nIn August 2011, while Yen was on a vacation with his family in the United States, he reportedly received an invitation by producer Avi Lerner to star in The Expendables 2. It was stated that Yen was considering the offer, had many films at hand, and would wait until deciding whether the script appealed to him. Later on, Yen revealed to the Hong Kong media that he had rejected the role.\n\nIn 2011, Yen revealed that he was venturing into other genres of movies and had taken up two comedy roles in a row, in All's Well, Ends Well 2011 and All's Well, Ends Well 2012, and would be working with Carina Lau in the former and Sandra Ng in the latter. Both films obtained huge critical and box-office success and proved Yen's versatility as an actor.\n\nYen took a six-month break in the second half of 2011 after the filming of The Monkey King 3D, explaining that he wanted to spend more time with his family and be with his children more as they grew up.\n\nIn 2012, Yen returned to the movie industry and commenced the filming of Special ID, in which he played the main lead, an undercover cop, and also took on the role of action choreographer. In 2013, it was reported that Donnie Yen would be playing the lead role for The Iceman Cometh 3D, a sci-fi action film dealing with time travel and which was filmed in 3D. Yen confirmed that MMA would be used in both of the abovementioned films.\n\nIn February 2013, the Weinstein Company confirmed that it had purchased the rights to Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon sequel and contacted Yen to play the male lead. In March 2013, Hong Kong magazines surfaced photos of Harvey and Bob Weinstein traveling to Hong Kong to meet with Yen and persuade him to accept the offer. It was reported that Yen was considering the role and quoted as saying, \"The first is that my schedule this year is very packed. The second is that the first film is already such a classic. I am afraid of the pressure, that the original cannot be surpassed.\"\n\nIn May 2013, during the annual Cannes Film Festival, the Weinstein Company announced that Yen would play the lead role of Silent Wolf in the Crouching Tiger sequel, titled Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny, alongside leading female action star Michelle Yeoh reprising her role as Yu Shu Lien, and with director Yuen Woo-ping, Yen's mentor. It was revealed that the movie would be filmed in both English and Mandarin to appeal to the international market.\n\nIt was also revealed during the Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon II press conference that the Weinstein Company had obtained rights to Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai, was planning a remake and was negotiating with Yen, George Clooney and Zhang Ziyi to star in the film. Donnie Yen declined the offer due to scheduling conflicts for the filming of Ip Man 3.\n\nIn late March 2015, Ip Man 3 was announced. Yen reprised his role as the titular character, Bruce Lee's martial arts master, Ip Man. Retired boxer and former heavyweight champion Mike Tyson was confirmed to join the cast. Donnie Yen mentioned that he was a big fan of Mike Tyson, watched many of his professional boxing bouts, and was excited to work with him. Mike Tyson stated during a press conference that he was a huge fan of Donnie Yen and has watched the first two Ip Man movies more than three times each and was honored to be invited for the final installment of the trilogy.\n\nPrincipal photography for Ip Man 3 began on March 25, 2015, and the finished movie was released in December 2015 in parts of Asia and around the world in early 2016 to generally favorable reviews.\n\nFrom 2016 to 2020 \nIn 2016, Yen co-starred in the Star Wars anthology film Rogue One as Chirrut Îmwe, the Zatoichi-like blind transient warrior. On February 12, 2016, it was confirmed that Yen would replace Jet Li in the role of Xiang in the upcoming action film XXX: Return of Xander Cage.\n\nFor the promotion of XXX: Return of Xander Cage, Paramount focused marketing efforts on Donnie Yen in China and most parts of Asia, placing him at the front of the film posters ahead of Vin Diesel, and shared clips and reviews of Yen's performance in the movie on the popular Chinese social media site Weibo. Paramount's efforts worked very well in China. XXX was number one in its opening weekend with $61.9 million, and crossed the $100 million mark in just six days with $22.2m coming from Valentine's Day alone after rave reviews praising Donnie Yen's performance swept through Chinese social media, driving moviegoers to the cinema.\n\nYen's performance in both Rogue One and XXX: Return of Xander Cage received extremely positive responses from critics and general audiences. For Return of Xander Cage, many media sites including Variety, Los Angeles Times, Screen Anarchy and Budomate praised Yen's performance and credited him as the highlight of the movie and stealing every scene he is in. In the case of Rogue One, other than praises from critics, Yen's performance was also applauded by audiences worldwide. In an official poll on the Star Wars webpage, in which more 40,000 people voted, Yen's character Chirrut Îmwe was voted as audiences' favorite Rogue One character.\n\nWhile Yen was filming XXX: Return of Xander Cage in Canada, he received many offers from Hollywood studios and directors. At the same time, Hong Kong director Wong Jing personally flew to Canada to invite Yen to star in his film Chasing the Dragon, a remake of the award-winning film To be Number One. Yen eventually accepted the offer and played a non-traditional role of a villain with limited fighting scenes and the opportunity to work alongside Andy Lau.\n\nIn September 2017, Chasing the Dragon was released with extremely positive reviews from critics, citing Yen's versatility as an actor and his incredible portrayal of the late Ng Sek Ho, the main character of the film. Chasing the Dragon was also a huge hit with audiences in most parts of Asia. In Hong Kong, Chasing the Dragon is ranked as one of the top 5 Hong Kong films in 2017.\n\nIn 2017, Yen received a call from old friend Jet Li and Alibaba CEO Jack Ma about a potential collaboration on a short martial arts film known as Gong Shou Dao - to promote a new form of Taiji as an olympic sport in the future. Yen was on holiday with his wife to celebrate their anniversary, but cancelled his plans to take part in the film. Yen declined any salary for this participation for GSD as he stated that \"friendship is not measured by money\" and that he hopes his participation can help promote Chinese martial arts to worldwide audiences. In return, Jet Li and Jack Ma surprised Yen and his wife Cissy, by helping to celebrate their wedding anniversary on the set. The full GSD 20 minutes short film was released on 11 November - China's Singles' Day, debuting on Youku and Jet Li's official Facebook page, garnering a total of more than 100 million views worldwide. Netizens in China praised Yen's speed and technique in the film, with most audiences (over 190,000) voting Yen as the highlight of the short film.\n\nIn late 2017, Yen began filming Big Brother, a mixed martial arts film where Yen plays a high school teacher with unconventional methods and a dark past.\n\nIn 2017, a live-action film adaption of the video game Sleeping Dogs was announced, with Yen playing the lead character Wei Shen. In February 2018, Yen confirmed the continued production of the film through social media.\n\nIn 2019, Yen reprised his role as Ip Man for the final time in Ip Man 4: The Finale. During the Hong Kong protests of that year, protesters urged a boycott of the film, citing the pro-Beijing stances of Yen, co-star Danny Chan, and producer Raymond Wong. Nonetheless, the film was a box office success, grossing over three times its budget of $52 million and becoming the highest-grossing Chinese film of all time in Malaysia as well as the third-highest-grossing Chinese film in North America in five years.\nIn March 2020, as part of the press tour for Disney's live-action remake of Mulan, when Yen was asked by reporters whether he was interested in appearing in a superhero movie, Yen revealed that he had been offered a role in Warner Brothers' Justice League and Aquaman films by Zack Snyder, but turned it down due to a scheduling conflict. The role offered was that of Nuidis Vulko, which eventually went to Willem Dafoe.\n\nMartial arts history, style and philosophy\nYen describes himself as a mixed martial artist. He learned Tai Chi from a young age under his mother's tutelage. He then wanted to learn Taekwondo in his teenage years, earning a 6th Dan in the process. At the time, the Beijing Wushu Team had a scout in the United States and invited Yen over to Beijing, China, where he began training at the Beijing Sports Institute, the same facility where champion-turned-actor Jet Li trained; this is where the two of them crossed paths for the first time.\n\nUpon his return to the United States, Yen won gold medals in various wushu competitions.\n\nYen later went on to discover and seek knowledge on other martial arts styles; he would later obtain black and purple belts from judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu, respectively, and went on to study parkour, wrestling, muay Thai, kickboxing and boxing under various trainers. His exposure to mixed martial arts (MMA) was heightened when he went back to the United States from 2000 to 2003. While making his Hollywood debut, he also took time off to learn the various martial arts forms. Yen's progress was evident when he returned to Asia, where he implemented his newfound knowledge of MMA, showcased in films such as SPL: Sha Po Lang (2005), Flash Point (2007), and Special ID (2013).\n\nNear the end of 2007, Yen added a new martial arts system to his arsenal. He was offered the role of Wing Chun grandmaster and mentor of film star Bruce Lee, Ip Man, in a 2008 film named after the grandmaster. He worked hard and studied Wing Chun under Ip Man's eldest son, Ip Chun, for 9 months before tackling the role. Ip Chun has since praised Yen for his effort, his skills as a martial artist, and his ability to grasp the full concept of Wing Chun much faster than anyone else he has taught.\n\nYen believes that combining many martial arts together will produce the most effective and harmonious style. Yen has said, \"When you watch my films, you're feeling my heart.\" He believes in practical combat, and in his opinion, MMA is the most authentic type of practical combat.\n\nYen was a rebel in his youth due to the huge expectations and pressures from his parents, as his mother is the founder of the Chinese Wushu Research Institute in Boston, and his father was a scholar and a musician. Yen joined a Chinatown gang in Boston, MA, in his early years. He was a very curious teenager who sought to exchange martial arts knowledge with people from different martial arts backgrounds, which led to him gaining profound knowledge in practical martial arts and having a reputation as a street brawler.\n\nOne reported occasion confirms Yen as being an efficient martial artist. According to news reports by Hong Kong news channels in the late 1990s, Yen was at a nightclub with his then-girlfriend, Joey Meng. Inside the nightclub, Meng was harassed by a troublesome gang that had taken an interest in her. Yen warned them to leave her alone, but they persisted in causing trouble. As Yen and Meng left the club, the gang followed and attacked Yen. Yen beat up eight members of the gang who were later hospitalized.\n\nOther martial arts stars such as Jackie Chan and Jet Li have also stated that Yen may be the best fighter in terms of practical combat in the Asian cinematic universe.\n\nWorld class fighters, such as former Strikeforce Middleweight Champion Cung Le and former World Boxing Heavyweight Champion Mike Tyson, who have worked with Donnie Yen in the films Bodyguards and Assassins and Ip Man 3, respectively, have both claimed that Yen is an incredible martial artist and would do well in authentic combat. While filming Ip Man 3, crew members were worried that Tyson, who had been a professional boxer, would accidentally injure Yen. However, it was ultimately Yen who fractured Tyson's finger while using his elbow to block Tyson's punches. Tyson insisted on finishing the scene before he was treated in hospital.\n\nAction choreography\nDonnie Yen was considered one of the premiere action choreographers in the world, having been invited by Hollywood to choreograph blockbusters such as Blade II, Highlander: Endgame, and Shanghai Knights. In Asia, he is the action choreographer for most of his movies and has won multiple awards for his action choreography.\n\nYen's most famous works include films such as Flash Point and SPL: Sha Po Lang. He has mentioned that the main differences in filmmaking in Asia and Hollywood are with regards to freedom and control. In Asia, the action choreographer takes over the scene during the fight scene. This means that for action scenes filmed in Asia, the choreographer becomes the director and is in full control over camera placements, camera angles, and the relationship between the drama and the action; therefore the main director is not needed at all. While in Hollywood, on the other hand, Yen explains that the action choreographer simply choreographs the actions with the director, who still maintains full control of such settings and camera angles.\n\nYen's work as a choreographer won him the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Action Choreography at the 27th Hong Kong Film Awards and the Golden Horse Award for Best Action Choreography at the 2008 and 2011 Golden Horse Awards.\n\nYen was the fight choreographer for the 2010 film Legend of the Fist: The Return of Chen Zhen. For this film, Yen mentioned that he included Jeet Kune Do elements as a tribute to Bruce Lee, who played Chen Zhen in the 1972 film Fist of Fury. Furthermore, he incorporated many MMA elements in the film, coupled with the utilisation of Wing Chun. Yen also stated that the concept behind Bruce Lee's Jeet Kune Do is similar to that of MMA, hence the incorporation of many forms of martial arts was a necessity in the film.\n\nHe won the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Action Choreography four times, being one of the most frequent winners of this coveted award. He has won awards for his choreography in films such as The Twins Effect, SPL: Sha Po Lang, Flash Point, and Kung Fu Jungle. Although uncredited, Donnie Yen was also action co-choreographer for Hong Kong Film Award winners such as Ip Man, Ip Man 2, and Bodyguards and Assassins.\n\nBodybuilding and transformation for roles\n\nYen is renowned for his physical fitness, strength, and speed achieved through his use of a strict and disciplined fitness regimen to build up strength and fitness.\n\nHowever, despite his muscular build, Yen has gained tremendous attention for his dedication to his roles and for the lengths to which he goes to achieve the physical build and appearance of the characters he plays. In 2007, Yen lost over 14 kg (30 pounds) to reach the weight of 54 kg (120 pounds) to better portray the slender Ip Man and the techniques of wing chun, which focuses on techniques and not strength. He did so through a very strict regimen of limiting himself to a plain diet consisting mainly of vegetables.\n\nIn 2010, still fresh off Ip Man 2, Yen was cast as Chen Zhen in Legend of the Fist: The Return of Chen Zhen, which was originally portrayed by Bruce Lee. He had to regain his muscular physique for the role and took 6 months through a precise and dedicated diet routine. He maintained this bulk and physique while filming The Lost Bladesman, in which he plays Guan Yu, a Chinese general known for his size and spear-fighting abilities.\n\nIn 2015, Yen reduced his muscular physique yet again to reprise the role of Ip Man in Ip Man 3 and for his role as the blind warrior monk Chirrut Îmwe in Rogue One: A Star Wars Story. For his role as Xiang in XXX: Return of Xander Cage opposite Vin Diesel, Yen rebuilt his physique.\n\nPersonal life\nYen met his first wife and Hong Kong advertising executive, Leung Zing-ci (), in 1990. The couple began dating in 1990. After three years of dating, they married secretly in the United States in November 1993. The marriage ended in less than a year. After their divorce was finalized, Leung realized that she was pregnant with their son, Jeff, who was born in 1995.\n\nYen later married former beauty queen Cissy Wang after three months of dating in 2003. The couple have two children, Jasmine and James.\n\nYen has stated that he is a big fan of the MMA organization Ultimate Fighting Championship and has watched almost every UFC event available. In various interviews, he has mentioned that he would have loved to compete in the Ultimate Fighting Championship if he did not have a recurring shoulder injury.\n\nPhilanthropic work\nIn 2012, Donnie Yen and his wife Cissy Wang co-founded Go.Asia, an online charity platform encouraging people to participate in charity work and serve local communities.\n\nIn October 2014, Donnie Yen was invited to be a guest speaker in front of a crowd of 20,000 youths for WE Day Vancouver, where he spoke about the hardships he faced growing up and how he overcame difficulties to become the reigning martial arts star.\n\nIn 2015, Yen visited refugee camps in Thailand, bringing donations and gifts for the refugees. Yen is also an ambassador for the international charity Save the Children.\n\nIn December 2015, Yen established a charitable fund, Yen's Honour Protection Fund, with the purpose of empowering celebrities to use the law to defend their honor and reputation. Yen said the fund \"[seeks] to assist and render help to everyone who needs it, most importantly to heal and repair the hearts and dignities which have been affected.\" This fund was established after Yen won a lawsuit against Geng Weiguo (AKA Tan Bing), who defamed Yen and hired netizens to threaten Yen's family.\n\nIn February 2020, in light of the coronavirus pandemic in China and the rest of the world, Donnie Yen stepped in to donate HK$1 million to frontline medical workers in Wuhan. He also produced and dedicated a short clip to thank all medical workers in China in their fight against the coronavirus; the clip was uploaded on Chinese social media site, Weibo, where Yen has over 11 million followers. He also donated a painting done by himself and his two children, to the frontline medical workers.\n\nFilmography\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n \n \"An Action Star Moves to the Lead,\" New York Times article\n Donnie Yen profile page at Hong Kong Cinemagic\n\n \n1963 births\n20th-century Hong Kong male actors\n21st-century Hong Kong male actors\nAction choreographers\nChinese Jeet Kune Do practitioners\nChinese Wing Chun practitioners\nFilm directors from Guangdong\nHong Kong emigrants to the United States\nHong Kong expatriates in the United States\nHong Kong film directors\nHong Kong film producers\nHong Kong hapkido practitioners\nHong Kong kung fu practitioners\nHong Kong male film actors\nHong Kong male judoka\nHong Kong male karateka\nHong Kong male kickboxers\nHong Kong male taekwondo practitioners\nHong Kong male television actors\nHong Kong martial artists\nHong Kong Muay Thai practitioners\nHong Kong philanthropists\nHong Kong practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu\nHong Kong stunt performers\nHong Kong wushu practitioners\nLiving people\nMale actors from Guangdong\nMale actors from Guangzhou\nSportspeople from Guangdong\nSportspeople from Guangzhou\nWing Chun practitioners from Hong Kong" ]

[ "Donnie Yen", "Real fighting experience and prowess", "When was Yen's first fight?", "As Yen and Joey left the club, the gang followed and attacked Yen. Yen beat up eight members of the gang who were later hospitalized.", "Was Yen charged for this fight?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game is a role-playing game based on the Street Fighter video game series. It uses most of the basic game mechanics from White Wolf's World of Darkness games. It was released in 1994 and contains most of the characters from Super Street Fighter II. The Storytelling Game is currently out of print, as are all games using the original Storytelling System.\n\nCharacter generation \nCharacter generation was similar to White Wolf's other games (Vampire, Werewolf, Mage, etc.). The character has nine attributes divided into three categories (Physical, Mental, Social). The player then distributed points among these stats and selected a Concept, Demeanor, and various skills and backgrounds. Instead of a clan, Street Fighter Characters selected a martial art based on the fighting styles of the characters from the game. The character's style determined which techniques the character could learn by spending fewer points. For example, practitioners of Shotokan karate and kung fu could learn the Fireball technique more easily than someone who selected sambo as his style. The character's style also determined how much Chi and Willpower the character started with. Certain special moves required the character to spend Chi or Willpower. In addition, characters also had an Honor score. Honor helped the character regain Chi; a character with high Honor recovered Chi more easily than a character with low Honor.\n\nGame mechanics \nGameplay was based on previous White Wolf games. The player rolled a number of ten sided dice based on his skill level, attribute score, or both and needed to achieve a number of \"successes\" based on the difficulty of the feat in question. In addition to skills found in many other White Wolf games (Drive, Computer, Survival, etc.) several new skills were introduced. For example, a Style Lore skill that allowed a character to determine what fighting style an opponent is using and what his approximate level of skill is. Players also distributed points to Punch, Kick, Grab, Athletics, Focus, and Block techniques. These techniques not only increased the character's fighting ability but served as prerequisites for some martial arts special maneuvers.\n\nA new addition to gameplay was a Combat Card system.\n\nProducts \nA total of one basic module and five supplements books were released for this game. (In White Wolf Code order)\n\n Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game (1994, )\n Secrets of Shadowloo (1994, )\n Street Fighter Storyteller's Screen (1994, )\n Street Fighter Player's Guide (1994, )\n The Perfect Warrior (1995, )\n Contenders (1995, )\n\nReception\nIan Williams for Vice said that \"Street Fighter stands as an oddity of innovative design, shrewd licensing, and wild-eyed worldbuilding.\"\n\nReviews\nShadis #15 (Sept. 1994)\nDragão Brasil #2 (1994) (Portuguese)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Street Fighter RPG unofficial american website\n Street Fighter RPG unofficial brazilian website\n Review of Street Fighter the Storytelling Game on RPG.net\n\nMartial arts role-playing games\nRole-playing games based on video games\nRole-playing games introduced in 1994\nStreet Fighter games\nWhite Wolf Publishing games\nWorks based on Street Fighter", "is a fighting game by Sega. It is the fourth game in the Virtua Fighter series.\n\nThe game was first released in arcades on the NAOMI 2 board in 2001. A console port of Virtua Fighter 4, as well as that of Virtua Fighter 4: Evolution under the budget-priced \"Greatest Hits\" label, appeared on the Sony PlayStation 2 in 2002 and 2003, respectively.\n\nIn Japan, Virtua Fighter 4 is famous for spearheading and opening the market for internet functionality in arcades. VF.NET started in Japan in 2001, and since companies have created their own arcade networks, e-Amusement by Konami, NESiCAxLive by Taito and Square Enix, and ALL.Net by Sega.\n\nPlot\nVirtua Fighter 4 and Virtua Fighter 4: Evolution have a two-part storyline. VF4 started out with thirteen fighters entering the tournament for their own personal reasons, while Judgement Six used them for gathering data for Dural. Evolution adds two more fighters to the mix, one of them works for Judgement Six who is ordered to kill everyone in the tournament.\n\nIt was also revealed that for the Dural project, Judgement Six targeted Sarah Bryant as their next volunteer for a new Dural model. Akira fell short during the third tournament. In order to find out what the \"real power\" was within him, he enters the fourth tournament to find that answer. Pai discovers that her skill was close to her father's despite her loss in the third tournament. After hearing that Lau was looking for a successor and has a terminal illness, she enters the tournament to prove that she is a worthy successor to master her father's style. Lau suffered a terrible illness that cannot be cured after losing to Kage-Maru in the third tournament. He enters the tournament to find a worthy successor to Koen-Ken. Wolf still has reoccurring nightmares since the end of the second tournament. After losing in the third tournament, he ignored the dream but it kept coming back. He enters the fourth tournament to find out what that meant. Jeffry finally gained enough money to repair his boat, but there was only one problem: the Satan Shark mysteriously disappeared. He enters the tournament to invest in a sonar device for the shark.\n\nKage-Maru won the third tournament and found a part from the new Dural model that would cure his mother. It result in his mother transforming into Dural once again and attacking him. Since Judgement Six saved her, Kage enters the tournament to kill Dural once and for all. Sarah regained her memories and lived a quiet life with her brother, until she had flashbacks of the time where she was brainwashed by Judgement Six and attempted to kill Jacky. She enters the tournament to defeat him and resolve the matter. Jacky turned his focus to racing after the end of the third tournament, where he formed his own racing team. However, Judgement Six killed one of his sponsors and they will continue unless Jacky enters the fourth tournament. He decides to enter the tournament to once again take down Judgement Six. Shun was unsuccessful on finding his missing student during the third tournament. It was revealed that his student was trying to escape from Judgement Six, but he was recaptured by the evil organization. He enters the fourth tournament to find more information about the missing student.\n\nLion enters the fourth tournament in order to once again try to win the title. Aoi did not last long in the first round of the third tournament. She enters the fourth tournament to try her new skills in parrying and counterattacking. Lei-Fei entered the fourth tournament to become the successor to Lau's Koen-Ken style of martial arts. His true intention is to kill Lau after he learned his style under the clan's orders. Vanessa joins the fourth tournament to protect Sarah from Judgement Six, and to avenge the murder of her mentor, Lewis. Brad entered the fourth tournament after dominating the Muay Thai Kickboxing world. Goh infiltrated the fourth tournament under Judgement Six orders to kill everyone. The 4th tournament had come down to one final fight between Kage-Maru and Shun Di, but as Kage was about to deliver the final blow to Shun, the glowing, silver form of Dural interrupted the match. Kage is the winner, but he discovers that the Dural he fought is not his mother.\n\nCharacters\n\nReturning characters\n Akira Yuki\n Pai Chan\n Lau Chan\n Wolf Hawkfield\n Jeffry McWild\n Kage-Maru\n Sarah Bryant\n Jacky Bryant\n Shun Di\n Lion Rafale\n Aoi Umenokoji\n Dural\n\nNew characters\n Lei-Fei\n Vanessa Lewis\n Brad Burns (Virtua Fighter 4: Evolution/Final Tuned only)\n Goh Hinogami (Virtua Fighter 4: Evolution/Final Tuned only)\n\nGame features\n\nCustomization\nA unique feature in Evolution was the ability to play in a tournament quest mode, where the concept was that the player was competing by traveling to various arcades, as opposed to role-playing as the player's chosen fighter. This mode was very popular due to the ability to buy cosmetic items to customize a character, as well as the ability to name a character. Many players of fighting games have unique styles; with the combination of various items allowing for vastly differing appearances a new depth of uniqueness was added. In addition, Sega took the top tournament players from the arcade version, and captured their style of play for the AI of a player's opponents for this mode. For example, playing against one Wolf character would be very different from playing another, because the actual player that character's AI was programmed to mimic had a unique play style.\n\nTraining mode\nVirtua Fighter 4 introduced a comprehensive training mode. The mode consisted of an encyclopedia of fighting game terms, complete character command list walkthroughs, tips on all of the game's mechanics, recommended character combos, alternative options for failed combos, detailed command input timings, slow motion for frame counting and timing, and other useful training tips.\n\nVF4'''s training mode consists of three sections:\nCommand Training- A complete run through each move, one-by-one. The command for the move is displayed and the player executes the command—moving to the next one. VF4 allows the option to skip the current command, view the move (computer controlled), enable advice.\nFree Training\nTrial Mode\n\nChanges from previous series releasesVirtua Fighter 4 became much more streamlined and user friendly than its predecessors, while expanding on old ideas and adding new techniques. The evasion system was revamped from Virtua Fighter 3, the evade button was removed, and evades were split into two types, successful and unsuccessful. When evades were not performed with the proper timing, they were unsuccessful leaving the fighter vulnerable. The evade + throw escape option select, which was an advanced technique discovered in Virtua Fighter 3, was expanded upon. Virtua Fighter 4 allowed the player to escape as many throws as they could, and lengthened the window for performing a successful throw escape during an [unsuccessful] evade. A new move type called a Sabaki was added; an attack that also doubles as a reversal versus one or more move types.\n\nThe two new characters, Vanessa Lewis and Lei-Fei, had moves that employed these properties significantly more than the returning cast, and were quite experimental for Virtua Fighter characters. Vanessa Lewis is a black Vale Tudo/Muay Thai kickboxer with two completely separate moves sets that can be switched between on the fly, and Lei-Fei, a Shaolin monk, employs many stances that flow into one another.\n\nTaka-Arashi, one of the new characters added to Virtua Fighter 3, was omitted, apparently due to the developers not being able to make him work properly with the Virtua Fighter 4 system mechanics.\n\nThe fighting arenas reverted to the old Virtua Fighter style of flat and square, as opposed to Virtua Fighter 3's wild and undulating stage designs. The reason behind this was to make the game less random, and more balanced and competitive in nature. Walls, however, were kept and expanded upon with a wall stagger/juggle system and several wall types including high + unbreakable, low + breakable, and low + unbreakable + open corners. Some stages’ walls can be broken by knocking down the opponent while the latter is behind the wall and at low health, with the next round permanently leaves the stage's without a fence that have been broken.\n\nDevelopment\nLike previous Virtua Fighter titles, the game's development was led by Yu Suzuki.\n\nThe Naomi 2 arcade version uses about 12,000 polygons per character, and 50,000 polygons for the backgrounds. It also reportedly uses of texture data. For the PlayStation 2 port, the graphical detail was reduced, particularly in terms of texture details.\n\nRevisions\n\nVirtua Fighter 4: EvolutionEvolution was an updated version of Virtua Fighter 4. The game introduced two new characters and adjusted every other character as well. The two new characters were the Judoka-assassin Goh Hinogami and the Muay Thai boxer Brad Burns. With the addition of Brad Burns, Vanessa Lewis's alternate Muay Thai style from Virtua Fighter 4 was removed and replaced with a Vale Tudo \"Offensive\" style; making her a solely Vale Tudo brawler. In the US, the PlayStation 2 version was only released as part of the Greatest Hits budget range.\n\nAll of the stages were adjusted. For example, Lei-Fei's stage in Virtua Fighter 4 previously took place during sunset, in Evolution it takes place during the morning.\n\nFeatures:\nImproved graphics: better anti-aliasing.\nNew item store in Quest Mode.\nCurrency system in Quest Mode.\nOpponent tracking log in Quest Mode: kept track of which opponents were fought in Quest Mode.\nIncreased number of character items.\nImproved ranking system.\nSpecial gameplay modes (i.e. Hyper Fighter, See-Saw, Wrestler's, etc.).\nEmblem collecting: placed special incentive to defeat certain opponents or to avoid being defeated by certain opponents.\nNew ring type; Semi-open/semi-walled.\nIn Quest Mode, one of the tournaments is called the Sonic Cup. Its logo shows Sonic surrounded by rings.\n\nIn the US, Virtua Fighter 4: Evolution for PlayStation 2 also included Virtua Fighter 10th Anniversary as a bonus.\n\nVirtua Fighter 10th Anniversary\nWith the 2003 PlayStation 2 release of Virtua Fighter 4: Evolution arriving in time for the series' 10th anniversary, a remake of Virtua Fighter, Virtua Fighter 10th Anniversary, was released exclusively on the PlayStation 2. While the music, stages and low-polygon visual style were retained from the first game, the character roster, animations, mechanics and movesets were taken from Evolution. In the previous PS2 release of Virtua Fighter 4, a button code would make the player's character look like a VF1 model. In Japan, the game was included as part of a box set with a book called Virtua Fighter 10th Anniversary: Memory of a Decade and a DVD. The box set was released in November 2003 and was published by Enterbrain. In North America, the game was included within the home version of Virtua Fighter 4: Evolution, and in Europe it was only available as a promotional item; it was not sold at retail.\n\nVirtua Fighter 4: Final TunedFinal Tuned is the final update to Virtua Fighter 4. This version of the game was released only into Japanese arcades, and it made some gameplay fixes and added new stages. Also, new customization items were added.\n\nReception\n\nArcade\nIn Japan, Game Machine listed Virtua Fighter 4 on their September 15, 2001 issue as being the most-successful arcade game of the month.\n\nIn July 2001, IGN's Anthony Chau praised the graphics of the arcade game, stating it is \"one of the finest looking video games I've laid my eyes on\" and \"demonstrates the highest quality in visuals I've seen.\"\n\nPlayStation 2\nIn Japan, the PlayStation 2 version sold 500,000 units during its first weekend on sale in early 2002, making it Sega's fastest-selling game of that generation. The PlayStation 2 version went on to sell 541,973 units overall in Japan by the end of 2002. Worldwide sales of the PS2 port exceeded 1.5 million by June 2002. By July 2006, Virtua Fighter 4 had sold 630,000 copies and earned $23 million in the United States. Next Generation ranked it as the 97th highest-selling game launched for the PlayStation 2, Xbox or GameCube between January 2000 and July 2006 in that country. Combined sales of the Virtua Fighter 4 line reached 1 million units in the United States by July 2006.\n\nOn release, Famitsu magazine scored the PlayStation 2 version of the game a 37 out of 40. The game received universal critical acclaim (Metacritic 94/100), with perfect scores from GMR Magazine, PSX Nation, Hot Games, GamePro, G4 TV, Official PlayStation Magazine, Into Liquid Sky, and Cinescape. G4 TV called it \"The best fighting experience available on home consoles.\" Writing for the Chicago Tribune, Levi Buchanan hailed Virtua Fighter 4 as \"the greatest fighting game since Street Fighter II.\" Game Informer gave the PS2 release a 9.75/10, opining that \"Underneath its silky shine is a feast of fighting goodies that will change everything you have ever come to expect from this genre.\" Game Informer later named Virtua Fighter 4: Evolution one of \"The Top 50 Games of 2003,\" calling it \"absolutely ingenious\" and \"the most balanced and challenging fighting game the world has ever seen.\" GameSpot named Virtua Fighter 4 the best video game of March 2002, and Virtua Fighter 4: Evolution the best PlayStation 2 game of August 2003.Edge noted in retrospect that \"Virtua Fighter 4: Evolution'' was unchallenged in having the best tutorial in fighting game history.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official website\n\n2001 video games\n2003 video games\nArcade video games\nCancelled Dreamcast games\nPlayStation 2 games\nVideo games developed in Japan\nSega-AM2 games\nSega arcade games\nSega video games\nVirtua Fighter\nFighting games used at the Super Battle Opera tournament\nVideo games designed by Yu Suzuki\nFighting games used at the Evolution Championship Series tournament" ]

[ "Donnie Yen", "Real fighting experience and prowess", "When was Yen's first fight?", "As Yen and Joey left the club, the gang followed and attacked Yen. Yen beat up eight members of the gang who were later hospitalized.", "Was Yen charged for this fight?", "I don't know.", "What style of fighter was he?", "both claimed that Donnie Yen is an incredible martial artist and would do well in authentic combat." ]

[ "Ansar al-Jihad al-Alami (أنصار الجهاد العالمي, Anṣār al-Jihād al-‘Alāmī, \"helpers of the global jihad\") is a jihadist group that came to international attention in the immediate aftermath of the 2011 Norway attacks, when it was reported that the group had claimed responsibility for the attacks.\n\nThe group was described by Karen J. Greenberg, executive director of the Center on Law and Security at New York University School of Law as a Kurdistan-based affiliate of Al-Qaeda led by Abu Suleiman al-Nasser.\n\nPrior to 2011 Norway attacks\nThe Middle East Observatory reported on 3 May 2011 that the organisation \"sent an urgent message on jihadist forums, to all jihadists around the globe to mobilize and prepare to wage jihad operations against the Zionist-crusader alliance\" after the death of Osama bin Laden. The individual who reportedly made this statement is Abu Suleiman al-Naser.\n\nAnother mention of the group includes a report published by the European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center (ESISC) in April 2011, in which it is noted that in early December 2010, \"a previously unknown terrorist group, Ansar Al-Jihad Al-Alami, published a statement on several Jihadist website, in which it threatened to carry out attacks against Western interests in Morocco during the Christmas holidays.\"\n\n2011 Norway attacks\nOn 22 July, in the hours following the 2011 Norway attacks, the group was said by Will McCants to have claimed responsibility for the attacks by means of a statement to the internet forum Shmukh that he says was eventually removed.\n\nThe New York Times reported that the group claimed responsibility for the attacks, citing a statement identified by a terrorism analyst that said they were a response to the presence of Norwegian forces in Afghanistan and \"unspecified insults to the Prophet Muhammad.\" Giving its source as a report on Norway TV, The Wall Street Journal noted the statement from Ansar al-Jihad al-Alami said, \"This is just the beginning of what will come\"; while also noting that, \"It's unclear that the group has taken responsibility.\" The Times said that Norwegian television reports indicated that Ansar al-Jihad al-Alami had denied involvement in the attacks.\n\nOn the same day of the attacks, police arrested and identified Anders Behring Breivik, a Norwegian with extreme-right views, as the shooter in Utøya and responsible for the Oslo bombings, and he was subsequently charged with terrorism. In his writings, Breivik suggests far-right militants should adopt Al-Qaeda's methods, learn from their success, and avoid their mistakes, and described Al-Qaeda as the \"most successful revolutionary force in the world\" and praised their \"cult of martyrdom\". According to his defender Geir Lippestad, Breivik has acknowledged that he is responsible for both the bomb and the shooting during interrogation. After his arrest Breivik claimed he acted with accomplices, but later changed his statements to him acting alone, giving several unrealistic demands for him to tell about accomplices.\n\nWill McCants said that someone identifying as Abu Sulayman al-Nasir who had posted the first claim of responsibility later made a further statement to Shmukh retracting it, stating that the attacker \"must surely be known to all\".\n\nReferences\n\nJihadist groups\n2011 Norway attacks\nIslamic terrorism and Norway", "On 26 January 2012, the city of Andéramboukane attacked by MNLA rebels. In its statement, the MNLA says that after three hours of fighting, its fighters have captured the majority of Malian soldiers, and the city, including a lieutenant and a chief warrant officer. They further claimed to have seized three armored vehicles and ammunition.\n\nReferences\n\n2012 in Mali\nMenaka\nHistory of Azawad" ]

[ "Donnie Yen", "Real fighting experience and prowess", "When was Yen's first fight?", "As Yen and Joey left the club, the gang followed and attacked Yen. Yen beat up eight members of the gang who were later hospitalized.", "Was Yen charged for this fight?", "I don't know.", "What style of fighter was he?", "both claimed that Donnie Yen is an incredible martial artist and would do well in authentic combat.", "Who claimed that statement?", "World class fighters, such as former Strikeforce Middleweight Champion Cung Le and former World Boxing Heavyweight Champion Mike Tyson," ]

[ "Mike Tyson vs. Buster Mathis Jr., billed as Presumption of Innocence, was a professional boxing match contested on December 16, 1995.\n\nBackground\nMike Tyson had returned to boxing after a three-year prison stint with an 89-second victory over Peter McNeeley. After his victory, Tyson's rank as the number one ranked heavyweight was restored by the three major boxing organizations (the WBA, WBC and International Boxing Federation). Before he would fight for one of the three World Heavyweight titles, he would first partake in second comeback fight. Only days after his victory over McNeeley, it was announced that he would face the undefeated but virtually unknown Buster Mathis Jr. on November 4, 1995 at the MGM Grand Arena. The bout was originally scheduled to go up against the highly anticipated rubber match between Riddick Bowe and Evander Holyfield on pay-per-view, with Tyson–Mathis to be aired on Showtime, while Bowe–Holyfield would be broadcast on rival HBO. However, on September 14, Tyson promoter Don King would stun the boxing world by announcing that the Tyson–Mathis match would instead be broadcast for free on Fox. Three weeks before the fight, Tyson suffered a broken thumb, but did not announce it until November 1, three days before the fight. In a press conference at the MGM Grand, Tyson announced the cancellation of the fight because of the injury. Then, on November 22, it was announced that the bout had been moved to Atlantic City with a December 16 date in place and that Showtime would air the fight instead of Fox. Plans were changed after New Jersey gaming authorities ruled against having the fight in Atlantic City because Don King had been under suspension in New Jersey since 1994 because of legal troubles. On November 30, Philadelphia's CoreStates Spectrum was announced to host the fight with Fox regaining the rights to air it.\n\nThe fight\nTyson had a slow start in the fight. In the first round, Tyson was unable to land many punches as Mathis was able to dodge most of Tyson's attempts while also staying close to Tyson to prevent Tyson from unloading his power punches. In the second round Mathis successfully continued to use his defensive strategy of slipping, bobbing and clinching to survive the round. However, with about 40 seconds left in round 3, Tyson was able to land successive right uppercuts that dropped Mathis to the canvas. Mathis was unable to answer the referee's 10 count and Tyson was awarded the victory via knockout.\n\nAftermath\nAfter his victory over Mathis, Tyson's promoter officially announced that he would receive his first Heavyweight title fight against WBC Heavyweight Champion Frank Bruno in March 1996. Tyson and Bruno had previously met in 1989 with Tyson's Undisputed Heavyweight Championship on the line. Tyson dominated Bruno for the entire duration of that fight before knocking him out in the fifth round. In the rematch, Tyson again dominated Bruno, this time knocking him out in the third round to capture the WBC Heavyweight title.\n\nReferences\n\n1995 in boxing\nBoxing in Philadelphia\nSports in Philadelphia\n1995 in sports in Pennsylvania\nMathis\nFox Sports\nDecember 1995 sports events in the United States\nMike Tyson", "Bruce Seldon vs. Mike Tyson, billed as Liberation, was a professional boxing match fought on September 7, 1996 for the WBA heavyweight championship.\n\nThe fight was part of a pay-per-view event produced by Don King Productions and carried on pay-per-view by Showtime.\n\nThe fight is notable in the fact that in attendance was rapper Tupac Shakur, who would be fatally shot just hours after the fight, following an altercation with Crip Orlando \"Baby Lane\" Anderson at the casino. Shakur died six days later on September 13 from ballistic trauma.\n\nBackground\nAfter George Foreman was stripped of his WBA Heavyweight title for refusing to fight number one contender Tony Tucker, the WBA organized a fight between Tucker and little–known Bruce Seldon to determine who would become WBA Heavyweight champion. Seldon was able to defeat the aging Tucker by referee technical decision after the fight was stopped in the seventh round due to Tucker's eye being completely swollen shut. He would then successfully defend the title against Joe Hipp, who became the first Native American to challenge for a major heavyweight title, on the undercard of the Tyson–McNeeley fight on September 7, 1995.\n\nSince being released from prison, Mike Tyson had won all three of his fights in dominating fashion, easily defeating obscure fighters Peter McNeeley and Buster Mathis, Jr. before capturing the WBC Heavyweight title by defeating Frank Bruno via 3rd-round knockout. However, Tyson would now have to deal with the WBC's number one contender, Lennox Lewis, who was guaranteed a title match against the winner of the Tyson–Bruno fight. Rather than face Lewis, Tyson paid Lewis $4 million in order to step aside and allow Tyson to face Seldon for the WBA Heavyweight title.\n\nThe fight\nTyson easily defeated Seldon by 1st-round knockout in one of the shortest Heavyweight championship fights in boxing history, lasting just 1:49. Tyson was the aggressor from the opening bell. Seldon attempted to weather Tyson’s storm by attempting to connect his powerful left jab, but Tyson was able to dodge Seldon’s attempts. At around 1:12 of the fight, Seldon was knocked down by a left hook thrown by Tyson, immediately followed by a straight right that only grazed Seldon. Seldon answered the referee’s count at 8 and continued the fight only to almost immediately get knocked down again by another left hook. Seldon got back on his feet but was unable to maintain his balance, causing referee Richard Steele to stop the fight and award Tyson the victory by technical knockout.\n\n\"Fix\" controversy\nAlmost immediately after the fight, the audience began chanting \"Fix!\", having thought Seldon took a dive in order for Tyson to win the championship and move on to face Evander Holyfield. The crowd would continue to serenade Seldon with chants of \"Fix!\" as he remained in the ring for an interview with Jim Gray. Gray would openly ask Seldon if he did in fact take a dive, but Seldon professed his innocence, stating \"I didn't train 12 weeks to come in here and take a dive.\"\n\nAftermath\nAfter his embarrassing loss, Seldon would retire from boxing, eventually staging a comeback in 2004 at the age of 37. Meanwhile, Tyson would officially vacate his WBC title and proceed with his much anticipated match with Holyfield for the WBA Heavyweight championship. Though Tyson was 6–1 favorite, Holyfield had then scored a stunning upset victory by defeating Tyson via 11th-round technical knockout. Tyson would subsequently lose the rematch by disqualification in 1997 as well as his next Heavyweight title match in 2002 against Lennox Lewis. As such, the Seldon match would be Tyson's final heavyweight championship victory.\n\nRapper Tupac Shakur was attending the fight that night, and was fatally shot after the fight in a drive-by shooting. He died six days later on September 13, 1996 at 4:03 pm.\n\nReferences\n\nWorld Boxing Association heavyweight championship matches\n1996 in boxing\nBoxing in Las Vegas\nBoxing on Showtime\n1996 in sports in Nevada\nBoxing matches involving Mike Tyson\nTupac Shakur\nSeptember 1996 sports events in the United States\nMGM Grand Garden Arena" ]

[ "Donnie Yen", "Real fighting experience and prowess", "When was Yen's first fight?", "As Yen and Joey left the club, the gang followed and attacked Yen. Yen beat up eight members of the gang who were later hospitalized.", "Was Yen charged for this fight?", "I don't know.", "What style of fighter was he?", "both claimed that Donnie Yen is an incredible martial artist and would do well in authentic combat.", "Who claimed that statement?", "World class fighters, such as former Strikeforce Middleweight Champion Cung Le and former World Boxing Heavyweight Champion Mike Tyson,", "Did he fight Mike Tyson?", "However, it was ultimately Yen who fractured Tyson's finger while using his elbow to block Tyson's punches." ]

[ "Mike Tyson vs. Buster Douglas, billed as Tyson is Back!, was a professional boxing match that occurred at the Tokyo Dome on February 11, 1990. The then-undefeated, undisputed heavyweight champion Tyson lost by knockout to the 42:1 underdog Douglas. The fight is widely regarded as one of the biggest upsets in sports history.\n\nBackground\nGoing into the fight, Mike Tyson was the undefeated and undisputed heavyweight champion of the world. He held the WBC, WBA, and IBF titles. Despite the several controversies that marked Tyson's profile at the time, such as his allegedly abusive relationship with Robin Givens, the contractual battles between longtime manager Bill Cayton and promoter Don King, and Tyson's departure from longtime trainer Kevin Rooney, Tyson was still dominant in the ring, scoring a 93-second knockout against Carl \"The Truth\" Williams in his previous fight. Most considered this fight to be a warm-up bout for Tyson before meeting up with then-undefeated number 1 heavyweight contender Evander Holyfield (who was ringside for the fight). Tyson was viewed as such a dominant heavyweight that he was not only viewed as the world's top heavyweight, but often as the number one fighter in the world pound-for-pound (including by Ring Magazine), a rarity for heavyweights.\n\nBuster Douglas was ranked as the #7 heavyweight by Ring Magazine, and had met with mixed success in his professional boxing career up to that point. His previous title fight was against Tony Tucker in 1987, in which he was TKO'd in the 10th round. However, a string of six consecutive wins gave him the opportunity to fight Tyson. In the time leading up to the fight, Douglas faced a number of setbacks, including the death of his mother, Lula Pearl, 23 days before the fight. Additionally, the mother of his son had a severe kidney ailment, and he had contracted the flu on the day before the fight.\n\nHBO boxing analysts Larry Merchant and Jim Lampley expected to see \"another 90-second annihilation.\" (When asked by a Japanese customs official how long he expected to be working in Japan, Ed Schuyler of the Associated Press replied, \"Oh, about ninety seconds.\") Instead of discussing Douglas's chances against Tyson, Merchant and Lampley compared their pets: Tyson had a white pitbull named \"Duran\" (after his idol Roberto Durán) while Douglas had a beagle named \"Shakespeare.\" Merchant, after saying that \"this fight is over before it begins or soon thereafter\" and describing Douglas as \"just another frozen tuna\" from the Tokyo fish market, opined that \"any prizefighter with a dog named Shakespeare can't be all-bad.\" In an interview given to HBO prior to the fight, Douglas told reporters that his favorite Shakespeare play was the romantic tragedy Romeo and Juliet. Lampley suggested that if Tyson were asked the same question (assuming he had read Shakespeare), he would choose something more bloody and violent, such as Henry the Fifth or Macbeth.\n\nSinger Bobby Brown wrote in his autobiography that he met with Tyson in Tokyo and the two partied extensively the night before the fight. Brown claims Tyson refused to go to sleep early for the fight, deeming Douglas \"an amateur\" he could beat \"if I didn't sleep for five weeks\".\n\nFight\n\nFrom the beginning of the fight, it was apparent that Douglas was not afraid. As an initial surprise, Douglas displayed a lot of spring in his body movement and was not cautious in letting his punches fly whenever he saw the opportunity to attack Tyson. He used his quick and accurate jab to prevent Tyson from getting inside, where Tyson was most dangerous. When Tyson tried to get inside, Douglas tied him up, moved away, or would immediately hit Tyson with multiple punches as Tyson came within Douglas' range. Early on Douglas was more agile than Tyson and outlanded Tyson in exchanges. Douglas finished the second round with a snappy uppercut to Tyson's chin.\n\nSeeming to regain his form, Tyson landed a punishing left to the body that had Douglas look at his corner. After an ineffectual and lackluster third round, Tyson cornerman Jay Bright screamed at his fighter \"Don't just stand there and look at him, you've gotta work!\" Boxer \"Sugar\" Ray Leonard, at ringside doing commentary for HBO, noted Douglas' dominance with the jab and right hand and said Tyson was having one of those occasional days in the ring where \"you just don't have it...things just don't click in\".\n\nDouglas would still dominate the middle rounds, although Tyson managed to land a few of his signature uppercuts. Tyson was wobbled by a chopping right during the fifth round. Soon, Tyson's left eye began to swell from Douglas' right jabs, preventing him from seeing his opponent's punches well. Tyson's cornermen were caught unprepared; they had not brought an endswell or ice packs, usually standard equipment for a fight. Instead, they filled a rubber glove with ice water and held it on Tyson's eye between rounds. At one point, Aaron Snowell, Tyson's primary cornerman caught the chain from the identification badge hanging from his neck between the iced glove and Tyson's eye. As Snowell moved, Tyson winced in pain as the chain dragged from one side of his injured eye to the other. Confusion and panic grew in his corner as the fight went on. Despite Tyson's inability to execute an effective fight plan, his corner continued to give him the same advice between rounds to move his head, jab his way inside and deliver a right hand. In the eighth round, a round Douglas dominated until the last few seconds, HBO's Larry Merchant noted \"Douglas is asking of Tyson, some questions he hasn't been asked before...in the last few rounds of a fight you have to come back and win it.\"\n\nWithin the last 10 seconds of the 8th round, Tyson, who had been backed onto the ropes, landed a big right uppercut that sent Douglas to the canvas. Although the knockdown timekeeper began when Douglas's backside touched the ring's surface, the referee was said to have started his own count behind by two beats. Douglas rose as the referee signaled nine, but the bell ended the round. In obvious annoyance at his own lapse, Douglas pounded his left fist on the mat. Tyson promoter Don King would later argue the validity of the referee count in vain.\n\nIn the 9th round, Tyson came out aggressively to try to end the fight and save his title, hoping that Douglas was still hurt from the 8th-round knockdown. Douglas was able to fight off Tyson's attack and was able to close Tyson's eye completely. Both men traded punches before Douglas connected on a four-punch combination that staggered Tyson back to the ropes. With Tyson hurt along the ropes, Douglas closed in and unleashed a four-punch attack to try to knock Tyson out. He continued to land hard punches as the round came to a close.\n\nIn the tenth round, Tyson pushed forward, but he was still seriously hurting from the accumulation of punishment he had absorbed throughout the match. As Tyson advanced, Douglas measured him with a few jabs before landing an uppercut that snapped Tyson's head upward, stopping Tyson in his tracks. As Tyson reeled back, Douglas immediately followed with four punches to the head, knocking Tyson down for the first time in his career. In a famous scene, Tyson fumbled for his mouthpiece on the canvas before sticking one end in his mouth with the other end hanging out. The champion attempted to make it back to his feet, but referee Octavio Meyran counted him out. Buster Douglas thus became the new undisputed heavyweight champion, engineering one of the biggest upsets in boxing history. The official scorecards through nine rounds were 87–86 for Tyson, 86–86, and 88–83 for Douglas.\n\nDuring the post fight interview, Douglas broke down in tears when asked why he was able to win this fight when no one thought he could. \"Because of my mother...God bless her heart,\" said the emotional new champion.\n\nMerchant concluded that it was the expulsion of Kevin Rooney, who still rooted for Tyson every time he watched him fight (despite their split), which led to the stunning knockout loss. Merchant said that Tyson needed Rooney much the same way Muhammad Ali needed Angelo Dundee. Merchant speculated that with Rooney in his corner, Tyson would have managed to end the fight on his feet, and to change the tide of the fight, exactly as in the Tucker fight, after he was rocked in the first round but with Rooney's help he weathered the storm and came back determined to win, outboxing his opponent. Butch Lewis shared the same opinion, believing that after he finally got rid of Rooney, Tyson found himself in a situation where there was no one to enforce compliance with the training regimen and a normal daily routine, and tell him \"Back on track, Mike!\" when needed. So did Jerry Izenberg, who commented: \"They assemble a corner for that fight which looks like it was picked up out of the semi-finals of the Intercity Golden Gloves.\"\n\nAftermath\nAs a 42-1 underdog, Douglas earned $1.3 million from the fight while Tyson got $6 million.\n\nTyson's camp, led by Don King, immediately protested the result, claiming that Douglas had been given a long count by referee Octavio Meyran. The WBA and WBC initially agreed and suspended recognition of Douglas as champion, although the IBF immediately accepted that the result was valid. After a public outcry and demands from boxing commissions around the world that they acknowledge Douglas as the champion, the protest was withdrawn and Douglas' win was recognised four days after the fight. In spite of Douglas' inspired and dominant performance, a sizable number of boxing fans viewed the fight outcome as an aberration, leading to interest in a rematch.\n\nIn an HBO studio interview with Merchant the following week, Douglas stated the protest and post-fight confusion ruined what should have been the best time of his life.\n\nAt the time of the fight, Don King was said to have been negotiating for Tyson's next fight to be in the fall in Berlin against former champion Greg Page, who had decked Tyson while sparring with him three weeks before the Douglas fight. A future Mike Tyson versus George Foreman fight to be promoted by the Sultan of Brunei was also shelved.\n\nPlans for a rematch fell through, so Douglas' first title defence was against No. 1 contender Evander Holyfield. An overweight Douglas, weighing more than in the Tyson fight, was knocked out by Holyfield in the third round. Douglas retired after the fight. Six years later, he launched a comeback after almost dying in a diabetic coma and won a few fights against journeyman opposition. He fought for the last time in 1999. Despite rumours of a rematch with Tyson throughout the 1990s, they never faced each other again.\n\nTyson would fight four more times after the Douglas fight before being convicted of raping beauty pageant contestant Desiree Washington in 1991. Following his release from the Indiana Youth Center in 1995 he quickly regained the WBA and WBC world titles, before losing them to Holyfield and was never again a world champion. He fought on sporadically for another decade and lost in another title challenge against Lennox Lewis in 2002. He retired from boxing in 2005 after consecutive losses to journeymen.\n\nBuster Douglas went down in sports lore as a prize fighter who defied the odds to pull off one of the biggest upsets in sports history. Among the honors was a cover photo on an issue of Sports Illustrated with the title \"Rocky Lives!,\" after the popular film series about a similarly underestimated boxing hero. For Tyson, though he retained a menacing aura for years afterwards, \"the mystique of the untouchable, invincible 'Baddest Man on the Planet' had been shattered.\" The fight is often ranked among the biggest upsets in sports history.\n\nThe fight appeared in the Mike Tyson Mysteries episode \"Help a Brother Out.\"\n\nIn popular culture\n\nDouglas's upset against Tyson is the inspiration for The Killers' song \"Tyson vs Douglas\" from their Wonderful Wonderful album. Singer songwriter Brandon Flowers used the childhood memory of watching the seemingly invincible Tyson lose as the motivation for a song that's about \"me and my family, and the way I’m perceived by my kids. I don’t want them to see me go down like Tyson.\" The song also features audio of the commentators for the fight.\n\nBroadcasting\n\nReferences\n\nThis was in 1992, as no award in 1991.\n\n1990 in boxing\nBoxing in Japan\nBoxing on HBO\nSports competitions in Tokyo\n1990 in Japanese sport\nDouglas\nWorld Boxing Association heavyweight championship matches\nWorld Boxing Council heavyweight championship matches\nInternational Boxing Federation heavyweight championship matches\nFebruary 1990 sports events in the United States", "Mike Tyson vs. Buster Mathis Jr., billed as Presumption of Innocence, was a professional boxing match contested on December 16, 1995.\n\nBackground\nMike Tyson had returned to boxing after a three-year prison stint with an 89-second victory over Peter McNeeley. After his victory, Tyson's rank as the number one ranked heavyweight was restored by the three major boxing organizations (the WBA, WBC and International Boxing Federation). Before he would fight for one of the three World Heavyweight titles, he would first partake in second comeback fight. Only days after his victory over McNeeley, it was announced that he would face the undefeated but virtually unknown Buster Mathis Jr. on November 4, 1995 at the MGM Grand Arena. The bout was originally scheduled to go up against the highly anticipated rubber match between Riddick Bowe and Evander Holyfield on pay-per-view, with Tyson–Mathis to be aired on Showtime, while Bowe–Holyfield would be broadcast on rival HBO. However, on September 14, Tyson promoter Don King would stun the boxing world by announcing that the Tyson–Mathis match would instead be broadcast for free on Fox. Three weeks before the fight, Tyson suffered a broken thumb, but did not announce it until November 1, three days before the fight. In a press conference at the MGM Grand, Tyson announced the cancellation of the fight because of the injury. Then, on November 22, it was announced that the bout had been moved to Atlantic City with a December 16 date in place and that Showtime would air the fight instead of Fox. Plans were changed after New Jersey gaming authorities ruled against having the fight in Atlantic City because Don King had been under suspension in New Jersey since 1994 because of legal troubles. On November 30, Philadelphia's CoreStates Spectrum was announced to host the fight with Fox regaining the rights to air it.\n\nThe fight\nTyson had a slow start in the fight. In the first round, Tyson was unable to land many punches as Mathis was able to dodge most of Tyson's attempts while also staying close to Tyson to prevent Tyson from unloading his power punches. In the second round Mathis successfully continued to use his defensive strategy of slipping, bobbing and clinching to survive the round. However, with about 40 seconds left in round 3, Tyson was able to land successive right uppercuts that dropped Mathis to the canvas. Mathis was unable to answer the referee's 10 count and Tyson was awarded the victory via knockout.\n\nAftermath\nAfter his victory over Mathis, Tyson's promoter officially announced that he would receive his first Heavyweight title fight against WBC Heavyweight Champion Frank Bruno in March 1996. Tyson and Bruno had previously met in 1989 with Tyson's Undisputed Heavyweight Championship on the line. Tyson dominated Bruno for the entire duration of that fight before knocking him out in the fifth round. In the rematch, Tyson again dominated Bruno, this time knocking him out in the third round to capture the WBC Heavyweight title.\n\nReferences\n\n1995 in boxing\nBoxing in Philadelphia\nSports in Philadelphia\n1995 in sports in Pennsylvania\nMathis\nFox Sports\nDecember 1995 sports events in the United States\nMike Tyson" ]

[ "Donnie Yen", "Real fighting experience and prowess", "When was Yen's first fight?", "As Yen and Joey left the club, the gang followed and attacked Yen. Yen beat up eight members of the gang who were later hospitalized.", "Was Yen charged for this fight?", "I don't know.", "What style of fighter was he?", "both claimed that Donnie Yen is an incredible martial artist and would do well in authentic combat.", "Who claimed that statement?", "World class fighters, such as former Strikeforce Middleweight Champion Cung Le and former World Boxing Heavyweight Champion Mike Tyson,", "Did he fight Mike Tyson?", "However, it was ultimately Yen who fractured Tyson's finger while using his elbow to block Tyson's punches.", "When did he fight Tyson?", "While filming Ip Man 3," ]

[ "Ip Man is a series of Hong Kong martial arts films based on the life events of the Wing Chun master of the same name. The progenitor of the series was Ip Man (2008), which was followed by two sequels – Ip Man 2 (2010), Ip Man 3 (2015), the spin-off Master Z: Ip Man Legacy (2018) and the final instalment Ip Man 4: The Finale (2019). All four main films were directed by Wilson Yip, written by Edmond Wong and produced by Raymond Wong. Ip Man, Ip Man 2, Ip Man 3, and Ip Man 4: The Finale star Donnie Yen. Mandarin Films released the first two films in Hong Kong, which earned more than $37 million with a budget of around $24.6 million. Donnie Yen has mentioned each film has a unique theme, that the first Ip Man film was about \"Survival\", Ip Man 2 focuses on \"Making a Living and Adaptation\", Ip Man 3 focuses on \"Life\" itself, while Ip Man 4 focuses on \"Racist Discrimination\".\n\nFilms\n\nIp Man (2008) \n\nIp Man was directed by Wilson Yip and written by Edmond Wong. It was Raymond Wong's idea to develop a biographical film about Wing Chun master Ip Man. Principal photography began in Shanghai in March 2008 and ended in August. The film was released in Hong Kong on 18 December 2008 by Mandarin Films, and earned around US$21.8 million against the US$11.7 million budget. Donnie Yen portrayed the role of Ip Man in the film, set in the 1930s, focuses on events in Ip's life in the city of Foshan during the Sino-Japanese War.\n\nIp Man 2 (2010) \n\nThe sequel is set in 1949, when Ip Man moved to Hong Kong and attempts to promote Wing Chun in the region. It was intended to focus on the relationship between Ip Man and his most famed disciple Bruce Lee. The film was directed by Yip and written by Edmond Wong, while Raymond Wong produced the film and was released in Hong Kong on 29 April 2010 by Mandarin Films. The film grossed more than $50 million against the budget of $12.9 million.\n\nIp Man 3 (2015) \n\nPrincipal photography began in Shanghai on 25 March 2015, which Yip is again directing the film based on the script by Wong. Donnie Yen is again portraying the role of Ip Man, along with him Mike Tyson is also playing a role of a street fighter. Bruce Lee's character was initially supposed to be featured in CGI, because the producers could not find an actor who could portray Lee convincingly, but Danny Chan was eventually cast in the role.\n\nPrincipal photography for Ip Man 3 began on 25 March 2015, and the film was released in Hong Kong on 24 December 2015.\n\nMaster Z: Ip Man Legacy (2018) \n\nMax Zhang reprises his role as Cheung Tin Chi from Ip Man 3 in this spin-off film. Directed by Yuen Woo-ping, it also stars Tony Jaa, Dave Bautista and Michelle Yeoh.\n\nIp Man 4: The Finale (2019) \n\nOn 30 September 2016, Yen announced via Facebook that he and Wilson Yip would continue the franchise with Ip Man 4. The film began production in April 2018 and ended in July of the same year. It was released on 20 December 2019, and portrays Ip Man traveling to San Francisco to secure a spot for his son at a local school. Meanwhile, he crosses paths with his student, Bruce Lee, who had set up a Wing Chun school there.\n\nUntitled Master Z: Ip Man Legacy sequel \nIn April 2019, it was reported that Max Zhang is set to reprise his role in a sequel to Master Z: The Ip Man Legacy. The sequel is reported to be taking a budget cut, down to $13 million, from the first film's budget of $28 million.\n\nRecurring cast and characters\n\nReception\n\nBox office\n\nCritical response\n\nHome media \nIp Man Trilogy, a Blu-ray compilation that features the first three films in the series, was released by Well Go USA in November 2016. The Blu-ray also includes special features such as deleted scenes, \"behind-the-scenes\" featurette and interviews with Donnie Yen and Mike Tyson.\n\nSee also \n The Grandmaster\n Ip Man: The Final Fight\n The Legend Is Born: Ip Man\n\nReferences \n\nCantonese-language films\nAction film series\nDepictions of Ip Man on film\nFilm series introduced in 2008\n2000s martial arts films", "Ip Man, also known as Yip Man, ( / 叶问; 1 October 1893 – 2 December 1972) was a Chinese martial artist and a grandmaster of the martial art Wing Chun. He had several students who later became martial arts masters in their own right, the most famous among them being Bruce Lee.\n\nEarly life\nIp Man was born as Ip Kai-man () to Ip Oi-dor () and Ng Shui () as the third of four children. He grew up in a wealthy family in Foshan (Fatshan), Guangdong (Kwangtung), and received traditional Chinese education, alongside his elder brother Ip Kai-gak (), elder sister Ip Wan-mei () and younger sister Ip Wan-hum ().\n\nIp started learning Wing Chun from Chan Wah-shun when he was 9 or 13. Chan was 57 at the time, and Ip became Chan's 16th and last student. Due to Chan's age, he was able to train Ip for only three years before suffering a mild stroke in 1909 and retiring to his village. Ip learned most of his skills and techniques from Chan's second most senior student, Ng Chung-sok ().\n\nAt the age of 16, with help from his relative Leung Fut-ting, Ip moved to Hong Kong and there he attended school at St. Stephen's College, a secondary school for wealthy families and foreigners living in Hong Kong. Six months after moving to Hong Kong, a classmate of Ip's named Lai told him that a friend of Lai's father who was an expert in Kung Fu techniques was living with them, and had offered to have a friendly sparring match with Ip. At the time, Ip was undefeated so he eagerly accepted the challenge. He went to Lai's house on a Sunday afternoon and, after exchanging brief pleasantries, challenged the man to a duel. The man was Leung Bik and he easily overwhelmed Ip Man. Incredulous at the speed with which he had been countered, Ip requested a second duel and was beaten again, just as soundly. Discouraged by his defeat, Ip left without a word and afterward was so depressed that he did not dare mention that he knew Kung Fu. A week later, Lai told him that the man he had fought was asking after him. Ip replied that he was too embarrassed to return, at which point Lai told him that Leung Bik had highly praised his Kung Fu techniques and that he was the son of Leung Jan, who trained Ip's master Chan Wah-shun. Ip proceeded to train with Leung Bik, until Leung's death in 1911.\n\nIp returned to Foshan in 1916 when he was 24 and became a police officer there for the Nationalist government. He taught Wing Chun to several of his subordinates, friends and relatives, but did not officially run a martial arts school.\n\nHe married Cheung Wing-sing and they had several children: sons Ip Chun and Ip Ching and daughters Ip Nga-sum () and Ip Nga-wun ().\n\nIp was a member of the Kuomintang, and according to rumors, he joined the Central Bureau of Investigation and Statistics in its academy in Guizhou in 1938, after which he would have returned to Foshan as an undercover intelligence officer. However, the veracity of this has been disputed.\n\nIp went to live with Kwok Fu during the Second Sino-Japanese War and only returned to Foshan after the war, where he resumed his career as a police officer. Ip found some time to train his second son Ip Ching during the year 1949. At the end of 1949 after the Chinese Communist Party won the Chinese Civil War, as Ip was a member of the Kuomintang, Ip, his wife and their elder daughter Ip Nga-sum left Foshan for Hong Kong.\n\nLife in Hong Kong\nIp, his wife Cheung and their daughter arrived in Hong Kong through Macau in 1950. His wife and daughter would later return to Foshan to retrieve their identity cards. However, due to the closure of borders between China and Hong Kong in 1951, Ip and Cheung were separated for good, with the latter remaining in Foshun until her death. \n \nInitially, Ip Man's teaching business was poor in Hong Kong because Ip's students typically stayed for only a couple of months. He moved his school twice: first to Castle Peak Road in Sham Shui Po, and then to Lee Tat Street () in Yau Ma Tei. By then, some of his students had attained proficiency in Wing Chun and were able to start their own schools. They would go on and spar with other martial artists to compare their skills, and their victories helped to increase Ip's fame.\n\nAround 1955, he had a mistress from Shanghai, who was referred to by his students simply as Shanghai Po (). Ip and this mistress also had an illegitimate son named Ip Siu-wah (). Meanwhile, in Foshan, his wife Cheung died of cancer in 1960. Ip never formally introduced his mistress to his other sons, who eventually arrived in Hong Kong to reunite with him in 1962.\n\nIn 1967, Ip and some of his students established the Ving Tsun (Wing Chun) also pronounced as \"Wing Chun\" Athletic Association (). The main purpose of the Ving Tsun Athletic Association was to help Ip tackle his financial difficulties in Hong Kong, which was due to his supposed regular use of opium. One of his former students, Duncan Leung, claimed that Ip used tuition money to support his opium addiction. Ip's mistress died of cancer in 1968, and their son later became a Wing Chun practitioner like his half-brothers.\n\nDeath and legacy\n\nIp died on 2 December 1972 in his unit at 149 Tung Choi Street in Hong Kong, from laryngeal cancer, only seven months before the death of Bruce Lee, his most famous student. He was buried at Wo Hop Shek, Hong Kong.\n\nIp's legacy is the global practice of Wing Chun. Ip's notable students include Chu Shong Tin, Wong Shun-leung, Bruce Lee, Moy Yat, Ho Kam Ming, Victor Kan, his nephew Lo Man-kam and William Cheung.\nIp wrote a history of Wing Chun. Many artefacts of his life are on display in the Ip Man Museum on the Foshan Ancestral Temple grounds. Ip Man is portrayed in many films based on his life.\n\nMartial arts lineage\n\nWing Chun lineage according to Ip Man.\n\nMedia portrayals \n\nIn the 1976 film Bruce Lee: The Man, The Myth, Ip Man's eldest son Ip Chun portrayed his father in a minor role as Bruce Lee's Wing Chun Sifu.\n\nIp Man was portrayed by Wang Luoyong in Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story in a 1993 American biographical drama film based on the life of Bruce Lee, who was one of Ip's students.\n\nIn the 1999 film What You Gonna Do, Sai Fung? (a.k.a. 1959 某日某), he was portrayed by his son Ip Chun again as a special appearance.\n\nYu Chenghui portrayed Ip Man in the 2008 Chinese television series The Legend of Bruce Lee, which was also based on the life of Bruce Lee.\n\nIp Man, a Hong Kong film based on the life of Ip Man, starring Donnie Yen as the martial artist, was released in cinemas in 2008. The film takes a number of liberties with Ip's life, often for dramatic effect. Ip's eldest son Ip Chun appears in the film and served as a consultant on the production, which focuses on Ip's life during the 1930s to the 1940s during the Second Sino-Japanese War.\n\nThe sequel Ip Man 2 focuses on Ip's beginnings in Hong Kong and his students, including Bruce Lee. Ip Man has taught many other people. Amid a surge of Ip Man–related film projects in production, Donnie Yen told the Chinese media in March 2010 that after Ip Man 2, he would no longer play the Wing Chun master, stating, \"I would never ever touch any films related to Ip Man. This will be my final film on the subject. Whenever something becomes a success, everyone would jump on the bandwagon, this is very frightening. Did you know how many Ip Man films are in production? Under such condition, we would not progress, it'd only lead to over-saturation of the subject matter.\"\n\nAnother Hong Kong film based on Ip Man's life, called The Legend Is Born – Ip Man, was released in June 2010. Herman Yau directed the film and it starred Dennis To as Ip Man and Seventeen band's Wen Junhui as his younger counterpart. Ip Chun makes a special appearance in the film as Leung Bik.\n\nIn the 2010 film Bruce Lee, My Brother, Ip Man was portrayed by Wong Chi-wai.\n\nWong Kar-wai's The Grandmaster is a 2013 film starring Tony Leung as Ip Man. The film concentrates more on the end of an era in Chinese martial arts history as the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out. It was created in an almost biographical style, highlighting parts of history. In contrast with the other Ip Man–related projects, The Grandmaster is a more reflective film, focusing more on the musings and philosophies between martial arts and life, as well as Ip Man's journey through the early 1930s to the early 1950s.\n\nThe 2013 Chinese television series Ip Man, based on Ip Man's life, was first aired on the television network Shandong TV from late February to mid March 2013. It was directed by Fan Xiaotian and starred Kevin Cheng as the eponymous character and Zhou Jianan as the younger counterpart.\n\nThe 2013 Hong Kong film Ip Man: The Final Fight, directed by Herman Yau and starring Anthony Wong as Ip Man, focuses on Ip's later life in Hong Kong. Kevin Cheng from the 2013 television series Ip Man made a guest appearance as young Ip Man. Ip Chun made a cameo appearance in the film. This film also focuses on the loyalty of Ip Man's students towards their master.\n\nDespite Yen's statement in March 2010 that he no longer wanted to be involved in future films related to Ip Man, a new film to the same series, Ip Man 3, was released on 24 December 2015 with Yen once again reprising his role as Ip Man. \n\nIn the 2018 action-comedy film Kung Fu League, Dennis To returned in the role of Ip Man, with three other martial artists Wong Fei-hung, Huo Yuanjia and Chen Zhen, whisked through time to teach martial arts to a modern day comic book artist caught in a love triangle. Later in the movie, he reveals he's actually an imposter, Ip Bit Man.\n\nIn the 2019 film Ip Man and Four Kings, he was portrayed by Michael Tong. In this film he must fight the Four Kings before he can confront a human trafficking ring and avenge the death of one of his students.\n\nIn the 2019 film Ip Man: Kung Fu Master, Dennis To reprised the role again as Ip Man, set during his time as a police officer in Guangzhou before the start of Chinese Communist Revolution in 1949.\n\nDonnie Yen reprised his role as Ip Man for the last time in Ip Man 4, which focused on Ip Man coming to San Francisco to find a school for his son as he himself struggles with cancer. The film was released on 20 December 2019.\n\nSee also\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \nCommunication with Wing Chun Kung Fu System\n\n1893 births\n1972 deaths\nCantonese people\nChinese Wing Chun practitioners\nDeaths from cancer in Hong Kong\nDeaths from esophageal cancer\nMartial arts writers\nPeople from Foshan\nSportspeople from Guangdong\nWing Chun practitioners from Hong Kong" ]

[ "Tod Browning", "Silent feature films" ]

[ "Hands Up! is a 1917 American silent Western film directed by Tod Browning. This was Colleen Moore's last film for Triangle Film Company/Fine Arts Film Company. D. W. Griffith had withdrawn from the Triangle arrangement and taken many performers and staff, who were under contract specifically with Fine Arts (D. W. Griffith) rather than Triangle. Moore's contract was with Fine Arts. However Griffith had gone to Europe where he made Hearts of the World.\n\nCast\n Wilfred Lucas as John Houston\n Colleen Moore as Marjorie Houston\n Monte Blue as Dan Tracy\n Beatrice Van as Elinor Craig\n Rhea Haines as Rosanna\n Bert Woodruff as Tim Farley\n Kate Toncray as Mrs. Farley\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\nJeff Codori (2012), Colleen Moore; A Biography of the Silent Film Star, McFarland Publishing,(Print , EBook ).\n\nExternal links\n\n1917 films\n1917 Western (genre) films\nAmerican films\nAmerican black-and-white films\nFilms directed by Tod Browning\nFilms directed by Wilfred Lucas\nSilent American Western (genre) films", "The Mystic is a 1925 American MGM silent drama film directed by Tod Browning, who later directed MGM's Freaks (1932). It was co-written by Browning and Waldemar Young, writing a similar storyline to their earlier 1925 hit film The Unholy Three. Browning was unable however to hire his favorite star Lon Chaney this time around, and The Mystic wound up a little-known film with a cast of now-forgotten names.\nAileen Pringle's gowns in the film were by already famous Romain de Tirtoff (known as Erté).\nA print of the film exists.\n\nPlot\nZara (Aileen Pringle) is a gypsy rogue who joins with Confederate Zazarack (Mitchell Lewis) to aid Michael Nash (Conway Tearle), the crooked guardian of heiress Doris Merrick (Gladys Hulette), to gain control of her estate by way of fake seances. He tries to convince her that her dead father is telling her to give all of her worldly possessions to the phony spitualists.\n\nCast\n Aileen Pringle as Zara\n Conway Tearle as Michael Nash\n Mitchell Lewis as Zazarack\n Robert Ober as Anton\n Stanton Heck as Carlo\n David Torrence as Bradshaw\n Gladys Hulette as Doris Merrick\n DeWitt Jennings as Police Inspector\n\nFootnotes\n\nReferences\nEaker, Alfred. 2016. Tod Browning Retrospective https://alfredeaker.com/2016/01/26/todd-browning-director-retrospective/ Retrieved 26 February, 2021.\n\nExternal links\n\n1925 films\nAmerican films\nAmerican drama films\nAmerican silent feature films\nAmerican black-and-white films\n1925 drama films\nFilms directed by Tod Browning\nMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer films" ]

[ "Tod Browning", "Silent feature films", "What was Browning's first silent film?", "1917." ]

[ "Outside the Law is a 1920 American crime film produced, directed and co-written by Tod Browning and starring Priscilla Dean, Lon Chaney and Wheeler Oakman.\n\nOne of a series of Universal Pictures vehicles produced for Priscilla Dean, Outside the Law features Lon Chaney in dual supporting roles and his second pairing with director Tod Browning.\n\nBrowning would remake the film in 1930 with a pre-Little Caesar Edward G. Robinson in Chaney's 1920 role as a gang leader.\n\nPlot\nSilent Madden, a criminal leader in San Francisco, and his gangster daughter Molly (Priscilla Dean) have forsaken a life of crime after receiving counsel from Chang Lo, a Confucianist philosopher living in Chinatown. A despicable gangster named Black Mike Sylva (Lon Chaney) frames Molly's father for murder, causing Molly to lose faith in abiding the law and prompting her return to a life of crime. Black Mike plots to double-cross Molly as well during a jewelry theft, but Molly gets word from her gangster lover and foils Black Mike's plans. While hiding out from the law, Molly's hard heart is slowly melted by her gangster lover. The film ends with a climactic shootout.\n\nProduction\nThe original print of Outside the Law was considerably longer in its original 1920 release. It was thought lost for some 50 years until a print was located in 1975. The newly found print was a 1926 re-release of the film by Universal after Chaney and Browning had moved over to MGM and achieved greater stardom. The only scenes from the original release that appear to be trimmed or whittled down are certain plot motivations by Chaney's Ah Wing character who originally had a bigger role in the story. The print exists in the Film Preservation Associates film collection and is available on DVD.\n\nCast\n Priscilla Dean as Molly Madden (Silky Moll)\n Wheeler Oakman as Dapper Bill Ballard\n Lon Chaney in a dual role as \"Black Mike\" Sylva / Ah Wing\n Ralph Lewis as Silent Madden\n E. Alyn Warren as Chang Lo\n Stanley Goethals as That Kid\n Melbourne MacDowell as Morgan Spencer\n Wilton Taylor as Inspector\n John George as Humpy (uncredited)\n Anna May Wong as Chinese Girl (uncredited)\n\nTheme\nOutside the Law is considered to be one of the first psychologically driven films in the gangster genre. The picture was the second film on which Browning worked with Lon Chaney. The contrasting dual roles Browning wrote for Chaney as a heroic Chinese servant and an evil gangster are considered to have solidified the long-lasting collaboration between the two. Outside the Law is one of only a handful of Browning's films that is not a horror film. The film has been commended for its strong female lead, saying actress \"Priscilla Dean in this picture is a film revelation... [she] goes to the fore and remains there...\" In contrast to many films of the period, it generally depicts its Chinese characters favorably, most notably by having characters invested in the Confucian teachings of the teacher character, Chang Lo.\n\nBrowning, a Freemason, frequently used religious themes in his pictures. Film historian Alfred Eaker describes Browning’s cinematic handling of Silky Moll’s redemptive epiphany: \n\nFilm critic Alec Charles remarks upon the significance of the “cross-kite” imagery that may foreshadow Soviet director Sergei Eisenstein’s use of crucifix configurations in Battleship Potemkin (1925) where two condemned sailors hang from the yardarms:\n\nSee also\n Anna May Wong on film and television\n\nFootnotes\n\nReferences\nCharles, Alec. 2006. Double Identify: Presence and Absence in the Films of Tod Browning, in The Films of Tod Browning, editor Bernd Herzogenrath Black Dog Publishing. pp. 79-93 \nEaker, Alfred. 2016. Tod Browning Retrospective https://alfredeaker.com/2016/01/26/todd-browning-director-retrospective/ Retrieved 26 February, 2021.\nRosenthal, Stuart. 1975. Tod Browning: The Hollywood Professionals, Volume 4. The Tantivy Press. \nTowlson, Jon. 2012. An Abomination on the Silver Sheet”: In Defence of Tod Browning’s Skill as a Director in the Sound Era (on Freaks). Bright Lights Film. https://brightlightsfilm.com/tod-browning-director-in-the-sound-era-analysis-of-the-opening-of-freaks/#.X_x2vmjYq00 Retrieved 15 January, 2021.\n Sobchack, Vivian. 2006. The Films of Tod Browning: An Overview Long Past in The Films of Tod Browning in The Films of Tod Browning, editor Bernd Herzogenrath, 2006 Black Dog Publishing. London. pp. 21-39.\n\nExternal links\n\n1920 films\n1920 crime films\nAmerican films\nAmerican crime films\nAmerican silent feature films\nAmerican black-and-white films\nFilms directed by Tod Browning\nUniversal Pictures films", "Edna Frances Tichenor (April 1, 1901 – November 19, 1965) was an American film actress whose career was most prominent in the silent film era of the 1920s, affecting an onscreen vamp persona. She is perhaps best recalled for three roles in director Tod Browning films: the 1923 drama Drifting, the silent horror film London After Midnight, and the drama The Show, both released in 1927.\n\nEarly life\nTichenor was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, to Ira C. and Hattie Tichenor (née Craig). By 1904, the family relocated to Los Angeles, California, where her father worked as a real estate editor for the Los Angeles Examiner, then later as financial editor of the Salt Lake City Telegram in Utah, before returning to Los Angeles.\n\nTichenor attended primary and secondary schools in Los Angeles and was a graduate of Long Beach Polytechnic High School. Shortly after her graduation, she married auto mechanic Robert J. Springer in 1919. The couple divorced in 1930.\n\nCareer\nTichenor's first known credited role was as Molly Norton in the 1923 Tod Browning directed drama film Drifting, starring Priscilla Dean, Matt Moore and Anna May Wong. It was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures. The same year, she appeared in two more films; the small role of Dolly Baxter in the Harry Beaumont directed comedy The Gold Diggers (1923) for Warner Bros., and an uncredited role as Cleo in the romantic drama Maytime (1923), directed by Louis J. Gasnier and featuring Clara Bow in an early role.\n\nBy the mid-1920s, Tichenor began affecting a somewhat sinister vamp onscreen persona; appearing in roles such as The Painted Lady in the Chester M. Franklin crime-drama The Silent Accuser (1924), and two roles in 1926 film shorts simply billed as The Vamp. Tichenor is possibly best recalled for roles in two 1927 films by directed by Tod Browning; the small role of Arachnida, a carnival sideshow performer who has the body of a spider and a woman's head, in the crime-drama The Show; and as Luna, The Bat Girl in Browning's lost horror film London After Midnight, released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and starring Lon Chaney. The last known copy of the film known to exist was destroyed in the 1965 MGM vault fire.\n\nIn all, Tichenor appeared in approximately twelve films before retiring from acting. Her last known film appearance was a small role in Tod Browing's 1928 mystery film West of Zanzibar, starring Lon Chaney and Lionel Barrymore.\n\nPersonal life and death\nFollowing her divorce from Robert J. Springer in 1930, Tichenor moved back in with her parents in Los Angeles. She later married Harry West. Tichenor died in 1965 at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center from a perforation of her cecum and blood poisoning with an intestinal obstruction following surgery to remove her uterus and ovaries, aged 64. She was cremated and her ashes were given to West.\n\nSelected filmography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nStill from London After Midnight of Lon Chaney and Edna Tichenor at Getty Images\n\n1901 births\n1965 deaths\nAmerican film actresses\nAmerican silent film actresses\nActresses from Saint Paul, Minnesota\n20th-century American actresses" ]

[ "Tod Browning", "Silent feature films", "What was Browning's first silent film?", "1917.", "What was the title of Browning's first silent film in 1917?", "Jim Bludso" ]

[ "Jim Bludso is a 1917 American drama film directed by Tod Browning. It was Browning's first feature film as a director.\n\nContemporary sources are variable on the matter of whether the direction was a joint effort between Browning and the film's star, Wilfred Lucas. In their book Dark Carnival: The Secret World of Tod Browning, Hollywood's Master of the Macabre, David J. Skal and Elias Savada suggest that Lucas' name was added to the credit for contractual reasons, and that Browning directed Jim Bludso alone. As Jim Bludso is presumed lost, it is uncertain what the original title card might have read in terms of directorial credit. The film was produced by the Fine Arts unit within the Triangle Film Corporation, the same studio that made the popular Douglas Fairbanks comedies for Triangle, for whom Browning had previously worked as a scenarist.\n\nCast\n Wilfred Lucas as Jim Bludso\n Olga Grey as Gabrielle\n Georgie Stone as Little Breeches\n Charles Lee as Tom Taggart\n Winifred Westover as Kate Taggart\n Sam De Grasse as Ben Merrill\n James O'Shea as Banty Tim\n Monte Blue as Joe Bower\n Al Joy - Gambler\n Lillian Langdon\n Bert Woodruff\n\nSynopsis\nEngineer Jim Bludso and his sidekick, Banty Tim, return to Gilgal, Illinois after the end of the American Civil War. Upon arrival, they discover that Jim's wife, Gabrielle, has left him for another man and abandoned their son. Kate Taggart, the daughter of a storekeeper in town, takes pity on Jim and they develop a fondness for one another. Gabrielle, now dumped, returns and Jim forgives her and resumes their married life. Meanwhile, a flood is coming, and Ben Merrill—constructor of Gilgal's levee—knows the structure won't hold against the tide, so he willfully causes it to fail and plans to blame the resulting catastrophe on Jim and Banty Tim. Gabrielle is mortally wounded in the flood, and her dying words implicate Merrill and identify him as the man who wooed her away from her family. Jim is on board the boat Prairie Bell when this news reaches him, as is Merrill; they get into a fight, and Prairie Bell bursts into flames and explodes. Jim is rescued and returns to Gilgal to marry Kate.\n\nAdaptation\nJim Bludso was a poem from the Pike County Ballads of John Hay, a familiar set piece in the repertoire of elocutionists, actors and other public speakers; the Kalem Company had already made a one-reeler out of the same property in 1912. For the film, Browning fashioned his script from both Jim Bludso and another poem, Little Breeches. Much of the film's dramatic arc also came from a 1903 stage play adaptation by I.N. Morris. Hay's original poem memorialized Jim Bludso's courage and selflessness in sacrificing his own life so that the passengers on his burning boat might survive. For the film, a happy ending was devised and an entirely different set of circumstances led to the demise of Prairie Bell, which Bludso is piloting in Hay's poem.\n\nReception\nFilm historian Bernd Herzogenrath reports that “By 1919, [two years] after profitable movies such as Jim Bludso (1917), Browning was an established and successful director and script writer.”\n\nSee also\nList of lost films\n\nNotes\n\nFootnotes\n\nReferences\nHerzogenrath, Bernd. 2006. The Films of Tod Browning. Black Dog Publishing. London. \nRosenthal, Stuart. 1975. Tod Browning: The Hollywood Professionals, Volume 4. The Tantivy Press.\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\n1917 films\nAmerican films\nAmerican drama films\nAmerican silent feature films\nAmerican black-and-white films\n1917 drama films\nFilms directed by Tod Browning\nFilms directed by Wilfred Lucas\nLost American films\n1917 lost films\nLost drama films", "Emily Jane Browning (born 7 December 1988) is an Australian actress. She made her film debut in the television film The Echo of Thunder (1998), and subsequently appeared in television shows such as High Flyers (1999), Something in the Air (2000–2001), and Blue Heelers (2000–2002). Her breakthrough role was in the 2002 horror film Ghost Ship, which introduced her to a wider audience. In 2005, Browning won the Australian Film Institute International Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Violet Baudelaire in the film Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004).\n\nBrowning is also known for her roles in the horror film The Uninvited (2009), the action film Sucker Punch (2011), and the independent drama Sleeping Beauty (2011). She was named the Breakthrough Performer of The Year by Hamptons International Film Festival in 2011 for her role in Sleeping Beauty. Browning's other films include Summer in February, Plush (both 2013), Pompeii (2014), and Legend (2015). She is currently starring as Laura Moon in the Starz TV series American Gods (2017–2021).\n\nEarly life and education\nBrowning was born in Melbourne, Victoria, on 7 December 1988, and is the daughter of Andrew and Shelley Browning. She attended Hurstbridge Learning Co-op and Eltham High School. Browning has two younger brothers, Nicholas and Matthew.\n\nCareer\n\n1998–2007\nBrowning's debut acting role was in the 1998 Hallmark Channel movie The Echo of Thunder. Additional roles in Australian film and television productions soon followed, including recurring roles in the television series Blue Heelers from 2000 to 2002, and Something in the Air from 2000 to 2001. In 2001, Browning appeared as the daughter of the character played by Billy Connolly in The Man Who Sued God.\n\nShe made her American film debut in 2002's Ghost Ship, and won an Australian Film Institute Award for Best Young Actress, the same year. In 2003, she appeared opposite Heath Ledger and Orlando Bloom in 2003's Ned Kelly, and reunited with Connolly the following year in the film adaptation of Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, in which she played Violet Baudelaire.\n\nIn 2006, Browning appeared in the music video for Evermore's \"Light Surrounding You\". In the behind-the-scenes video for the clip, the band stated, \"[We] suck as actors, so we decided to get Emily\". She attended the L'Oreal Fashion Festival as a festival ambassador on 1 February 2007.\n\n2008–2011\nBrowning played the lead role in the 2009 horror film The Uninvited, an American remake of the 2003 South Korean film A Tale of Two Sisters. She turned down a request to audition for the role of Bella Swan in Twilight, citing exhaustion, despite an endorsement from series author Stephenie Meyer. In 2009, she was cast as Babydoll in Zack Snyder's action film Sucker Punch, as a replacement for Amanda Seyfried, who dropped out due to scheduling conflicts. Filming took place in Vancouver from September 2009 to January 2010, and the film was released on 25 March 2011. In an interview at Comic-Con, she confirmed that she would be singing in the film, while claiming that her audition tape brought tears to her casting agent's eyes and the song she selected (\"Killing Me Softly\") was one of Zack Snyder's wife Deborah's favourites, which Browning referred to as the \"selling point\" on her being cast in the role.\n\nIn February 2010, it was announced that Browning would play the lead role in the independent Australian film Sleeping Beauty, directed by Julia Leigh. She replaced Mia Wasikowska, who was committed to a film adaptation of Jane Eyre at the time. The film screened at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and the Sydney Film Festival. In a review from the festival, Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian called the film \"Technically elegant with vehemence and control ... Emily Browning gives a fierce and powerful performance ... There is force and originality in Leigh's work\". Fionnuala Halligan in Screen International wrote \"Browning has gone the distance for her director and together, they have delivered something here that sometimes catches your breath\". At the festival Browning said, \"Even reading the screenplay, it made me feel uncomfortable. But that was something that attracted me to it. I would prefer to polarise an audience as opposed to making an entertaining film everybody feels ambivalent about.\"\n\n2012–present\nIn 2012, she replaced English actress Ophelia Lovibond as the female lead in the film Summer in February. The film is based on the book of the same title, by Jonathan Smith. In July 2012, Browning was cast in God Help the Girl, a musical film by Belle and Sebastian front-man Stuart Murdoch. Browning played Eve, and the role required live singing. Filming on the production began on 8 July 2012 and wrapped on 12 August 2012.\n\nBrowning was cast in Catherine Hardwicke's Plush alongside Cam Gigandet, replacing Evan Rachel Wood (who was originally attached to the project) due to scheduling conflicts. Browning also starred alongside Xavier Samuel whom she met on the set during filming. Magic Magic, directed by Sebastián Silva, screened at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival. Film.com designated the film as a \"Top Pick\".\n\nBrowning starred in the 2014 film Pompeii. The project was filmed in Toronto and the city of Pompeii. Browning took a break from filming on Pompeii, and returned home to Australia to film a music video for the song \"No Matter What You Say\" by the band Imperial Teen. The video follows Browning as the lead character, conducting a 'live art-piece'.\n\nIn 2014, Browning filmed Shangri-La Suite. The story follows two young lovers who break out of a mental hospital in 1974 and set out on a road trip to Los Angeles to fulfill the boy's lifelong dream of killing his idol Elvis Presley, who appears as a supporting character. Luke Grimes and Avan Jogia co-star. The same year, she appeared in Years & Years's \"Take Shelter\" music video.\n\nIn 2015, Browning starred in the biopic crime thriller Legend, alongside Tom Hardy, who portrayed twin brothers and infamous 1960s London gangsters Reggie and Ronnie Kray. She portrayed Frances Shea, the first wife of Reggie Kray.\n\nBrowning was cast in American Gods as Laura Moon. Neil Gaiman, author of the novel, said, \"I've been fascinated by Emily Browning since A Series of Unfortunate Events. She has a challenge ahead of her: Laura is a tricky character, and the Laura on the screen is even trickier and more dangerous than the one on the page. She's going to have a wonderful time bringing Laura to life\".\n\nFilmography\n\nFilm\n\nTelevision\n\nMusic videos\n\nVideo games\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nSee also\n Cinema of Australia\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Emily Browning at Yahoo! Movies\n\n1988 births\n20th-century Australian actresses\n21st-century Australian actresses\nActresses from Melbourne\nAustralian child actresses\nAustralian film actresses\nAustralian television actresses\nAustralian video game actresses\nAustralian voice actresses\nAustralian expatriate actresses in the United States\nLiving people\n21st-century Australian singers\n21st-century Australian women singers" ]

[ "Tod Browning", "Silent feature films", "What was Browning's first silent film?", "1917.", "What was the title of Browning's first silent film in 1917?", "Jim Bludso", "What was Browning's most successful film?", "The Unholy Three (1925)," ]

[ "Dracula, also known as Bram Stoker's Dracula and Dan Curtis' Dracula, is a 1974 British made-for-television gothic film horror film and adaptation of Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula. It was written by Richard Matheson and directed by Dark Shadows creator Dan Curtis, with Jack Palance in the title role. It was the second collaboration for Curtis and Palance after the 1968 TV film The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.\n\nPlot\n\"Bistritz, Hungary May 1897\": natives in Transylvania seem afraid when they learn solicitor Jonathan Harker is going to Castle Dracula. Jonathan finds the Count abrupt and impatient to get things done. Dracula reacts very strongly to a photograph of Harker's fiancée Mina and her best friend Lucy. After preventing his brides from devouring Harker, he forces the young solicitor to write a letter saying that he will be staying in Transylvania for a month. Harker climbs down the castle wall and finds Dracula's coffin, but is attacked and knocked out by one of Dracula's gypsy servants before he can stake Dracula. They later throw him in the lower levels of the crypt, where the brides attack him again.\n\nThe Demeter runs aground carrying only Dracula and the dead captain lashed to the wheel. Soon after, Lucy begins to fall ill. Her fiancé, Arthur Holmwood, is perplexed and calls in Dr. Van Helsing. The doctor begins to recognize what might be happening, especially after Lucy walks out of her home at Hillingham and is found, drained of blood, under a tree the next morning. Dracula has flashbacks of his wife - of whom Lucy is the spitting image - on her deathbed centuries earlier.\n\nLucy's mother is in the room with Mina when Dracula comes calling the last time, a wolf shattering the window. Lucy soon rises from the dead, and comes to the window of Arthur's home, begging to be let in. Arthur does so, delighted and amazed that she's alive, unaware that she is now a vampire under Dracula's control. This very nearly gets him bitten, but Van Helsing interrupts with a cross causing her to flee. They go to Lucy's grave and drive a wooden stake into her heart. When Dracula comes to the tomb later and beckons to her, he goes berserk upon finding that she's truly dead.\n\nMina tells Van Helsing about the news story about the Demeter and the boxes of earth, and about Jonathan going to meet Dracula to sell him a house. From these clues, Van Helsing and Holmwood go about finding all but one of Dracula's \"boxes of earth\" (containing his native soil, in which a vampire must rest). But back at the hotel, the vampire hunters discover Dracula is there seeking revenge. He has bitten Mina, and before their eyes forces her to drink blood from a self-inflicted gash in his chest. All that they love, all that is theirs, he will take, he says.\n\nThe tracking of Dracula back to his home commences with Van Helsing hypnotizing Mina. Via the bond of blood, she sees through Dracula's eyes and discovers where he is headed. At the castle, Van Helsing and Holmwood find and stake the brides. Jonathan, now a rabid and bloodthirsty vampire, attacks Arthur and Van Helsing, but in the struggle is knocked by Arthur into a pit of spikes and killed. The final confrontation with Dracula takes place in what looks like a grand ballroom. The crosses wielded by the two men are something Dracula doesn't seem to want to look upon. Dracula gets the better of them, ridding them of their crosses. Van Helsing pulls down the window curtains and sunlight pours in. Dracula is weakened, finally going dormant long enough for Van Helsing to pierce his heart with a long spear.\n\nThey leave him there. Before the portrait of a living warrior Dracula, with Lucy's lookalike in the background, a text scrolls across the screen, about a warlord who lived in the area of Hungary known as Transylvania, and how it was said he had found a way to conquer death—a legend no one has ever disproven.\n\nCast\n Jack Palance as Count Dracula / Vlad III the Impaler\n Simon Ward as Arthur Holmwood\n Nigel Davenport as Abraham Van Helsing\n Fiona Lewis as Lucy Westenra / Maria, Dracula's deceased wife\n Murray Brown as Jonathan Harker\n Penelope Horner as Mina Murray\n Pamela Brown as Mrs. Westenra\n Sarah Douglas as one of Dracula's wives\n Virginia Wetherell as one of Dracula's wives \n Barbara Lindley as one of Dracula's wives\n George Pravda as Innkeeper\n Hana Maria Pravda as Innkeeper's wife\n Reg Lye as Zookeeper\n John Challis as Stockton-on-Tees clerk\n John Pennington as Shipping clerk\n\nProduction\nDan Curtis decided to film Bram Stoker's Dracula in two locations: Yugoslavia, where there were old castles and quiet land, and England, where the remainder of the story is set.\n\nRelease \nThe initial CBS-TV broadcast in October 1973 was pre-empted for an address by Richard Nixon on the resignation of Spiro Agnew. Instead it was broadcast in February 1974. CBS took advantage of the successful release of director Francis Ford Coppola's identically titled adaptation, Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992), to rebroadcast the film on 28 November 1992 (two weeks after Coppola's film opened).\n\nLegacy \nAccording to the featurette on the DVD for the Movie, Jack Palance was offered the role of Dracula several more times after his first performance, but he turned them all down.\n\nThe original title was Bram Stoker's Dracula. The film was also released under that title on VHS and Laserdisc. Francis Ford Coppola and Columbia Pictures purchased the rights to that title in the early 1990s. Coppola wanted to make it clear that his Dracula movie was unlike any other Dracula movie before it. Coppola's film also takes inspiration from the two key elements in Curtis's film that separated it from other adaptations: making the Dracula character and the historical Dracula, Vlad the Impaler, one and the same person, and a reincarnation romance with Dracula's dead wife (which in this movie was Lucy, instead of Mina as in Coppola's movie). Nearly all home video releases of Curtis's film have since been released under the title Dan Curtis' Dracula or simply Dracula.\n\nThe Marvel Comics series The Tomb of Dracula features a Dracula whose appearance was based on Jack Palance. Palance had at that point yet to play Dracula and Tomb of Dracula artists Gene Colan got the idea from Palance's performance in Dan Curtis' The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, in which he appeared in 1968.\n\nSee also\n Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992)\n Vampire film\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n \n Transcribed script online\n\n1974 television films\n1974 horror films\n1974 films\nBritish horror television films\nBritish films\nBritish vampire films\nDracula films\nDracula television shows\nEnglish-language films\nFilms about reincarnation\nFilms set in Transylvania\nFilms set in 1897\nCBS network films\nFilms directed by Dan Curtis\nFilms with screenplays by Richard Matheson\nPolygamy in fiction\nCultural depictions of Vlad the Impaler\nFilms set in castles", "Harinam Singh is an Indian actor, producer and director, specialising in horror films.\n\nIn the English-speaking world his films are largely known to fans of extremely low-budget and technically incompetent films. For example, a review of his Shaitani Dracula describes the film as \"a movie that fails so utterly on every single level\", and as having \"the feel of a movie put together by keenly untalented but enthusiastic high schoolers over the course of a weekend.\"\n\nFilmography\nShaitani Dracula (2006)\n\nSee also\nEd Wood, an American filmmaker with a similar reputation.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n Review of Shaitani Dracula\n\nLiving people\nIndian male film actors\nHindi-language film directors\nYear of birth missing (living people)" ]

[ "Tod Browning", "Silent feature films", "What was Browning's first silent film?", "1917.", "What was the title of Browning's first silent film in 1917?", "Jim Bludso", "What was Browning's most successful film?", "The Unholy Three (1925),", "What movie spoofed his Dracula movie?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Jim Bludso is a 1917 American drama film directed by Tod Browning. It was Browning's first feature film as a director.\n\nContemporary sources are variable on the matter of whether the direction was a joint effort between Browning and the film's star, Wilfred Lucas. In their book Dark Carnival: The Secret World of Tod Browning, Hollywood's Master of the Macabre, David J. Skal and Elias Savada suggest that Lucas' name was added to the credit for contractual reasons, and that Browning directed Jim Bludso alone. As Jim Bludso is presumed lost, it is uncertain what the original title card might have read in terms of directorial credit. The film was produced by the Fine Arts unit within the Triangle Film Corporation, the same studio that made the popular Douglas Fairbanks comedies for Triangle, for whom Browning had previously worked as a scenarist.\n\nCast\n Wilfred Lucas as Jim Bludso\n Olga Grey as Gabrielle\n Georgie Stone as Little Breeches\n Charles Lee as Tom Taggart\n Winifred Westover as Kate Taggart\n Sam De Grasse as Ben Merrill\n James O'Shea as Banty Tim\n Monte Blue as Joe Bower\n Al Joy - Gambler\n Lillian Langdon\n Bert Woodruff\n\nSynopsis\nEngineer Jim Bludso and his sidekick, Banty Tim, return to Gilgal, Illinois after the end of the American Civil War. Upon arrival, they discover that Jim's wife, Gabrielle, has left him for another man and abandoned their son. Kate Taggart, the daughter of a storekeeper in town, takes pity on Jim and they develop a fondness for one another. Gabrielle, now dumped, returns and Jim forgives her and resumes their married life. Meanwhile, a flood is coming, and Ben Merrill—constructor of Gilgal's levee—knows the structure won't hold against the tide, so he willfully causes it to fail and plans to blame the resulting catastrophe on Jim and Banty Tim. Gabrielle is mortally wounded in the flood, and her dying words implicate Merrill and identify him as the man who wooed her away from her family. Jim is on board the boat Prairie Bell when this news reaches him, as is Merrill; they get into a fight, and Prairie Bell bursts into flames and explodes. Jim is rescued and returns to Gilgal to marry Kate.\n\nAdaptation\nJim Bludso was a poem from the Pike County Ballads of John Hay, a familiar set piece in the repertoire of elocutionists, actors and other public speakers; the Kalem Company had already made a one-reeler out of the same property in 1912. For the film, Browning fashioned his script from both Jim Bludso and another poem, Little Breeches. Much of the film's dramatic arc also came from a 1903 stage play adaptation by I.N. Morris. Hay's original poem memorialized Jim Bludso's courage and selflessness in sacrificing his own life so that the passengers on his burning boat might survive. For the film, a happy ending was devised and an entirely different set of circumstances led to the demise of Prairie Bell, which Bludso is piloting in Hay's poem.\n\nReception\nFilm historian Bernd Herzogenrath reports that “By 1919, [two years] after profitable movies such as Jim Bludso (1917), Browning was an established and successful director and script writer.”\n\nSee also\nList of lost films\n\nNotes\n\nFootnotes\n\nReferences\nHerzogenrath, Bernd. 2006. The Films of Tod Browning. Black Dog Publishing. London. \nRosenthal, Stuart. 1975. Tod Browning: The Hollywood Professionals, Volume 4. The Tantivy Press.\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\n1917 films\nAmerican films\nAmerican drama films\nAmerican silent feature films\nAmerican black-and-white films\n1917 drama films\nFilms directed by Tod Browning\nFilms directed by Wilfred Lucas\nLost American films\n1917 lost films\nLost drama films", "Kevin Bludso (born 1965) is an American chef, restaurateur, and television personality.\n\nEarly life\nBludso was born in 1965 in Compton, California. His father was a police officer at the Los Angeles Police Department; his mother was a postal service worker. While on summer vacation, Bludso lived with his aunt, Willie Mae Fields, in Corsicana, Texas. Fields introduced him to Texas-style barbecue; at the age of 9 or 10, Bludso was allowed to help with the cooking. He studied business at the Dallas-based Bishop College.\n\nCareer\nPrior to entering the food industry, Bludso worked as a correctional officer for some thirteen years. He opened Bludso's BBQ in 2008, serving as its pitmaster. Based in Compton, the restaurant shut down in September 2016, following a dispute with the landlord. Bludso also owns restaurants in Hollywood and Melbourne, Australia. In 2020, Bludso served as a judge on the Netflix series The American Barbecue Showdown.\n\nPersonal life\nAs of September 2020, Bludso resides in Texas. He is a fan of the Dallas Cowboys.\n\nRestaurants owned by Bludso\n\nUnited States\n\nAustralia\n\nTelevision appearances\n Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives (2013)\n Bar Rescue (2015)(2021)\n Fire Masters (2019)\n BBQ Brawl: Flay v. Symon (2019)\n The American Barbecue Showdown (2020)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1965 births\nAmerican restaurateurs\nAmerican television chefs\nAmerican male chefs\nLiving people\nAmerican company founders\n21st-century American businesspeople\nParticipants in American reality television series\nBarbecue chefs\nPeople from Compton, California\nChefs from Texas" ]

[ "Tod Browning", "Silent feature films", "What was Browning's first silent film?", "1917.", "What was the title of Browning's first silent film in 1917?", "Jim Bludso", "What was Browning's most successful film?", "The Unholy Three (1925),", "What movie spoofed his Dracula movie?", "I don't know.", "Who starred in Jim Bludso (1917)?", "riverboat captain" ]

[ "Hands Up! is a 1917 American silent Western film directed by Tod Browning. This was Colleen Moore's last film for Triangle Film Company/Fine Arts Film Company. D. W. Griffith had withdrawn from the Triangle arrangement and taken many performers and staff, who were under contract specifically with Fine Arts (D. W. Griffith) rather than Triangle. Moore's contract was with Fine Arts. However Griffith had gone to Europe where he made Hearts of the World.\n\nCast\n Wilfred Lucas as John Houston\n Colleen Moore as Marjorie Houston\n Monte Blue as Dan Tracy\n Beatrice Van as Elinor Craig\n Rhea Haines as Rosanna\n Bert Woodruff as Tim Farley\n Kate Toncray as Mrs. Farley\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\nJeff Codori (2012), Colleen Moore; A Biography of the Silent Film Star, McFarland Publishing,(Print , EBook ).\n\nExternal links\n\n1917 films\n1917 Western (genre) films\nAmerican films\nAmerican black-and-white films\nFilms directed by Tod Browning\nFilms directed by Wilfred Lucas\nSilent American Western (genre) films", "Edna Frances Tichenor (April 1, 1901 – November 19, 1965) was an American film actress whose career was most prominent in the silent film era of the 1920s, affecting an onscreen vamp persona. She is perhaps best recalled for three roles in director Tod Browning films: the 1923 drama Drifting, the silent horror film London After Midnight, and the drama The Show, both released in 1927.\n\nEarly life\nTichenor was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, to Ira C. and Hattie Tichenor (née Craig). By 1904, the family relocated to Los Angeles, California, where her father worked as a real estate editor for the Los Angeles Examiner, then later as financial editor of the Salt Lake City Telegram in Utah, before returning to Los Angeles.\n\nTichenor attended primary and secondary schools in Los Angeles and was a graduate of Long Beach Polytechnic High School. Shortly after her graduation, she married auto mechanic Robert J. Springer in 1919. The couple divorced in 1930.\n\nCareer\nTichenor's first known credited role was as Molly Norton in the 1923 Tod Browning directed drama film Drifting, starring Priscilla Dean, Matt Moore and Anna May Wong. It was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures. The same year, she appeared in two more films; the small role of Dolly Baxter in the Harry Beaumont directed comedy The Gold Diggers (1923) for Warner Bros., and an uncredited role as Cleo in the romantic drama Maytime (1923), directed by Louis J. Gasnier and featuring Clara Bow in an early role.\n\nBy the mid-1920s, Tichenor began affecting a somewhat sinister vamp onscreen persona; appearing in roles such as The Painted Lady in the Chester M. Franklin crime-drama The Silent Accuser (1924), and two roles in 1926 film shorts simply billed as The Vamp. Tichenor is possibly best recalled for roles in two 1927 films by directed by Tod Browning; the small role of Arachnida, a carnival sideshow performer who has the body of a spider and a woman's head, in the crime-drama The Show; and as Luna, The Bat Girl in Browning's lost horror film London After Midnight, released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and starring Lon Chaney. The last known copy of the film known to exist was destroyed in the 1965 MGM vault fire.\n\nIn all, Tichenor appeared in approximately twelve films before retiring from acting. Her last known film appearance was a small role in Tod Browing's 1928 mystery film West of Zanzibar, starring Lon Chaney and Lionel Barrymore.\n\nPersonal life and death\nFollowing her divorce from Robert J. Springer in 1930, Tichenor moved back in with her parents in Los Angeles. She later married Harry West. Tichenor died in 1965 at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center from a perforation of her cecum and blood poisoning with an intestinal obstruction following surgery to remove her uterus and ovaries, aged 64. She was cremated and her ashes were given to West.\n\nSelected filmography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nStill from London After Midnight of Lon Chaney and Edna Tichenor at Getty Images\n\n1901 births\n1965 deaths\nAmerican film actresses\nAmerican silent film actresses\nActresses from Saint Paul, Minnesota\n20th-century American actresses" ]

[ "Plato", "Plato's use of myth" ]

[ "Plato the Myth Maker () is a book by the Canadian historian and anthropologist Luc Brisson, published in 1982. It was published in English translation in 1998.\n\nBackground\nWhat would become Plato the Myth Maker began as a collaboration between Luc Brisson and Marcel Detienne. Eventually it became clear that their respective views of what a myth is differed too much, so they parted ways and wrote their own books separately.\n\nSummary\nThe story of Atlantis is the starting point for a lexicographical study of Plato's conception of muthos, or myth. Plato was the first to use this word to refer to a fictional story. The second half of the book concerns logos, which Plato used in contrast with muthos and regarded as the superior of the two.\n\nReception\nPierre Ellinger wrote in L'Homme that Plato the Myth Maker benefits greatly from its methodology which draws from communication theory. Ellinger wrote that the book is valuable both because it traces the history of the concept of myth, and because it manages to outline the role of the myth in ancient Greece. In The Review of Politics, Edward Andrew called it \"a remarkably fine book, always thought-provoking even when it remains captive to the mythology of scientific scholarship\".\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nSources\n\nFurther reading\n\n \n \n\n1982 non-fiction books\nCanadian non-fiction books\nWorks about Platonism\nHistory books about philosophy", "Gilbert Thomas Sadler (27 September 1871 - 17 July 1939), best known as Gilbert T. Sadler, was a British Congregational minister and writer.\n\nBiography\n\nSadler was born in China, he was the son of English missionary Rev. G. Sadler, of Amoy. He was educated at Mansfield College, Oxford. Sadler obtained an M.A. in theology from University of Oxford and a B.A. and LL.B. from London University. He was assistant minister to Rev. John Daniel Jones in Lincoln, 1895. He was pastor of Chester Street Congregational Church, Wrexham (1897-1904) .\n\nHis book The Relation of Custom to Law (1919) was reviewed in several law journals.\n\nChrist myth theory\n\nSadler was an advocate of the Christ myth theory. New Testament scholar Craig A. Evans has noted that Sadler's ideas resemble those of William Benjamin Smith.\n\nPublications\nThe Inadequacy of the World's Religions (1871)\nThe Inner Meaning of the Four Gospels (1871)\nWhat Can We Believe? (1905)\nShort Introduction to the Bible (1911)\nHas Jesus Christ Lived on Earth? (1914)\nThe Origin and Meaning of Christianity (1916)\nReason - Love - Vision (1919)\nThe Gnostic Story of Jesus Christ (1919)\nThe Relation of Custom to Law (1919)\nBehind the New Testament (1921)\nOur Enemy, the State (1922)\nThe Roman Praetors (1922)\nThe Choice Before the World Today (1923)\nThe Fellowship Of Humanity By Reason, Love And Freedom (1923)\nThe Husk And The Kernel Of The Pauline Gospel (1923)\nThe Law Or the Spirit (1924)\nWorld-History in a Nutshell (1924)\nA New World by a New Vision (1925)\nWhat Is Wrong With The Churches? (1929)\n\nReferences\n\n1871 births\n1939 deaths\nAlumni of Mansfield College, Oxford\nAlumni of the University of London\nBritish Congregationalist ministers\nChrist myth theory proponents" ]

[ "Plato", "Plato's use of myth", "What was platos use of myth?", "the influence of Pythagoras upon Plato also appears to have significant discussion in the philosophical literature." ]

[ "Agriculture is an important theme in Chinese mythology. There are many myths about the invention of agriculture that have been told or written about in China. Chinese mythology refers to those myths found in the historical geographic area of China. This includes myths in Chinese and other languages, as transmitted by Han Chinese as well as other ethnic groups (of which fifty-six are officially recognized by the current administration of China). Many of the myths about agriculture involve its invention by such deities or cultural heroes such as Shennong, Houji, Houtu, and Shujun: of these Shennong is the most famous, according to Lihui Yang. There are also many other myths. Myths related to agriculture include how humans learned the use of fire, cooking, animal husbandry and the use of draft animals, inventions of various agricultural tools and implements, the domestication of various species of plants such as ginger and radishes, the evaluation and uses of various types of soil, irrigation by digging wells, and the invention of farmers markets. Other myths include events which made agriculture possible by destroying an excessive number of suns in the sky or ending the Great Flood.\n\nMyth versus history \nIn the study of historical Chinese culture, many of the stories that have been told regarding characters and events which have been written or told of the distant past have a double tradition: one which tradition which presents a more historicized and one which presents a more mythological version.. This is also true in many of the accounts related to the acquisition of agricultural civilization in China.\n\nShennong \n\nShennong is generally credited with having invented basic agriculture, including the plow; although he seems to have originated as a god of the burning wind, which is perhaps a reference to slash-and-burn agriculture, according to Anthony Christie.\n\nHouji \n\nHouji was also known as Ji Qi, especially in more historically-oriented contexts. Posthumously, he was better known as Houji, from hou, meaning \"prince/deity/spirit\", and ji, meaning \"agriculture\", according to K. C. Wu.\n\nHoutu \n\nA deity of the Earth who figures in various myths.\n\nShujun \n\nShujun is a Chinese god of farming and cultivation, also known as Yijun and Shangjun. Alternatively he is a legendary culture hero of ancient times, who was in the family tree of ancient Chinese emperors descended from the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi). Shujun is specially credited with inventing the use of a draft animal of the bovine family to pull a plow to turn the soil prior to planting.\n\nGreat Flood \n\nMyths about a huge flood which lasted for many years before finally being controlled often include a motif of the acquisition of the agricultural civilization.\n\nWugu\n\nTraditionally there were five granular and storable staple food crops in China. Known as the \"Five Grains\", specific lists vary, but generally they include various seeds from the cereal, bean, and sometimes other families.\n\nSeeds from dog\n\nAccording to some mythological accounts, the ancestral seed grains of modern crops were found stuck to the hair of a dog. There are many variants of this myth.\n\nRelated\nThere are various myths related to agriculture. Humans are said to have been taught the use of fire by Suiren. Suiren, also known as the Drill Man, used a fire-drill to start fires, and thus to allowing food to be cooked . Also: animal husbandry and the use of draft animals, inventions of various agricultural tools and implements, the domestication of various species of plants such as rice and ginger and radishes, the evaluation and uses of various types of soil, and irrigation by digging wells. Other myths include events which made agriculture possible by destroying an excessive number of suns in the sky or ending the Great Flood. Also there were all sorts of deities or beings in charge of bringing rain, drought, and various cyclical phenomena such as day and night or the various seasons in their proper order, which are vital aspects of successful agriculture. Other myths include the invention of farmers markets and the invention of fermentation.\n\nReligion\n\nMany of the myths regarding agriculture in China are related to popular religion and ritual.\n\nSee also \n\nAgriculture in China\nBigu (avoiding grains)\nChinese dragon\nChinese folklore\nChinese folk religion\nChinese literature\nDog in Chinese mythology\nDi Ku\nFive Grains\nGreat Flood (China)\nHouji\nHoutu\nOx in Chinese mythology\nShennong\nShujun\nSoil and grain\nTraditional Chinese Medicine\nYellow Emperor\nZhurong\n\nNotes\n\nReferences \n\n \n \n \n\nAgriculture in China\nHistory of ancient China\nChinese mythology", "Six Myths about the Good Life: Thinking about what has Value is a popular philosophical book by Joel J. Kupperman of the University of Connecticut. Its primary focus is on what has value, and which values are most worth espousing in life — a question central to what is known as the philosophy of life.\n\nWhile some philosophers have come to see the pursuit of happiness as central to the making of a good life, others point to the value of achievement. Kupperman sees grounds for both conceptions, but finds them wanting in simple and general terms. Drawing on classical Chinese, Indian, Greek and Roman sources, Six Myths explores this and in the process gives its readership a general impression of what Kupperman believes a good life ought to be. The \"broader theme\", according to reviewer and Rhodes University philosopher Samantha Vice, \"is an exploration of particular values and their role in making a life desirable.\" Kupperman seeks also to debunk the apparently widely held notion that a simple account suffices.\n\nThe myths \n \"Pursuing Comfort and Pleasure Will Lead to the Best Possible Life\".\n \"The Desirable Life Equals the One That Is Most Happy\".\n \"The Good Life Requires Reaching a Good Equilibrium, a Point at Which the Important Difficulties Are Resolved\".\n \"Reason Rather Than Emotions Would Be the Best Indicator of What Would Be a Good Life\".\n \"There Is No Real Connection, At Least in This Life, Between True Virtue and a Desirable Kind of Life\".\n \"True Virtue is Impeccable\".\n\nThere is also a seventh chapter, entitled \"How Can We Know What Has Value?\", and an appendix addressing ensuant concerns.\n\nCritical reception \n\"This,\" declared Boston University's Philip J. Ivanhoe, \"is the best introduction to philosophical accounts of the good life available. An excellent choice for any student of philosophy, this original and revealing study will inform, stimulate, and challenge even the most sophisticated reader. Kupperman combines the distinctive care, precision, and analytic power of philosophy with the best insights of contemporary psychology and a sophisticated, sensitive, and wise appreciation of the Indian, Chinese, and Western philosophical traditions. The result is a modern classic.\"\n\nCharles Guignon of the University of South Florida was similarly impressed:\n\nSix Myths is a consistently clear and engaging book, in the same league as Bertrand Russell's classic work, The Conquest of Happiness [...]. The author's grasp of Eastern thought and the \"positive psychology\" movement makes the book useful to a very wide audience.\n\nBibliography \n Kupperman, Joel J. Six Myths about the Good Life: Thinking about what has Value. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2006.\n Vice, Samantha. \"Joel K. Kupperman - Six Myths about the Good Life: Thinking About What Has Value - Reviewed by Samantha Vice, Rhodes University.\" Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews. 16 August 2006. (accessed June 10, 2009).\n\nNotes \n\nEthics books\nContemporary philosophical literature" ]

[ "Plato", "Plato's use of myth", "What was platos use of myth?", "the influence of Pythagoras upon Plato also appears to have significant discussion in the philosophical literature.", "What types of myths were there?", "There is evidence that Plato possibly took from Pythagoras the idea that mathematics and, generally speaking, abstract thinking is a secure basis for philosophical thinking" ]

[ "Plato the Myth Maker () is a book by the Canadian historian and anthropologist Luc Brisson, published in 1982. It was published in English translation in 1998.\n\nBackground\nWhat would become Plato the Myth Maker began as a collaboration between Luc Brisson and Marcel Detienne. Eventually it became clear that their respective views of what a myth is differed too much, so they parted ways and wrote their own books separately.\n\nSummary\nThe story of Atlantis is the starting point for a lexicographical study of Plato's conception of muthos, or myth. Plato was the first to use this word to refer to a fictional story. The second half of the book concerns logos, which Plato used in contrast with muthos and regarded as the superior of the two.\n\nReception\nPierre Ellinger wrote in L'Homme that Plato the Myth Maker benefits greatly from its methodology which draws from communication theory. Ellinger wrote that the book is valuable both because it traces the history of the concept of myth, and because it manages to outline the role of the myth in ancient Greece. In The Review of Politics, Edward Andrew called it \"a remarkably fine book, always thought-provoking even when it remains captive to the mythology of scientific scholarship\".\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nSources\n\nFurther reading\n\n \n \n\n1982 non-fiction books\nCanadian non-fiction books\nWorks about Platonism\nHistory books about philosophy", "Plato (, Plátōn, \"wide, broad-shouldered\"; c. 428/427 – c. 348/347 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher, the second of the trio of ancient Greeks including Socrates and Aristotle said to have laid the philosophical foundations of Western culture.\n\nLittle can be known about Plato's early life and education due to the very limited accounts. Plato came from one of the wealthiest and most politically active families in Athens. Ancient sources describe him as a bright though modest boy who excelled in his studies. His father contributed everything necessary to give to his son a good education, and Plato therefore must have been instructed in grammar, music, gymnastics and philosophy by some of the most distinguished teachers of his era.\n\nBirthdate and birthplace\nThe specific birthdate of Plato is not known. Based on ancient sources, most modern scholars estimate that Plato was born between 428 and 427 BCE. The grammarian Apollodorus of Athens argues in his Chronicles that Plato was born in the first year of the eighty-eighth Olympiad (427 BC), on the seventh day of the month Thargelion; according to this tradition the god Apollo was born this day. According to another biographer of him, Neanthes, Plato was eighty-four years of age at his death. If we accept Neanthes' version, Plato was younger than Isocrates by six years, and therefore he was born in the second year of the 87th Olympiad, the year Pericles died (429 BC).\n\nThe Chronicle of Eusebius names the fourth year of the 89th Olympiad as Plato's, when Stratocles was archon, while the Alexandrian Chronicle mentions the eighty-ninth Olympiad, in the archonship of Isarchus. According to Suda, Plato was born in Aegina in the 88th Olympiad amid the preliminaries of the Peloponnesian war, and he lived 82 years. Sir Thomas Browne also believes that Plato was born in the 88th Olympiad. Renaissance Platonists celebrated Plato's birth on November 7. Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff estimates that Plato was born when Diotimos was archon eponymous, namely between July 29 428 BC and July 24 427 BC. Greek philologist Ioannis Kalitsounakis believes that the philosopher was born on May 26 or 27, 427 BC, while Jonathan Barnes regards 428 BC as year of Plato's birth. For her part, Debra Nails asserts that the philosopher was born in 424/423 BC.\n\nPlato's birthplace is also disputed. Diogenes Laërtius states that Plato \"was born, according to some writers, in Aegina in the house of Phidiades the son of Thales\". Diogenes mentions as one of his sources the Universal History of Favorinus. According to Favorinus, Ariston and his family were sent by Athens to settle as cleruchs (colonists retaining their Athenian citizenship), on the island of Aegina, from which they were expelled by the Spartans after Plato's birth there. Nails points out, however, that there is no record of any Spartan expulsion of Athenians from Aegina between 431 and 411 BC. On the other hand, at the Peace of Nicias, Aegina was silently left under Athens control, and it was not until the summer of 411 that the Spartans overran the island. Therefore, Nails concludes that \"perhaps Ariston was a cleruch, perhaps he went to Aegina in 431, and perhaps Plato was born on Aegina, but none of this enables a precise dating of Ariston's death (or Plato's birth)\". Aegina is regarded as Plato's place of birth by Suda as well.\n\nFamily\nPlato's father was Ariston, of the deme of Colytus. According to a tradition, reported by Diogenes Laërtius but disputed by Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Ariston traced his descent from the king of Athens, Codrus, and the king of Messenia, Melanthus. Codrus himself was a demigod fathered by the God of the sea Poseidon. These claims are not however exploited in the philosopher's dialogues. Plato's mother was Perictione, whose family boasted of a relationship with the famous Athenian lawmaker and lyric poet Solon. Solon's heritage can be traced back to Dropides, Archon of the year 644 b.c. Perictione was sister of Charmides and cousin of Critias, both prominent figures of the Thirty Tyrants, the brief oligarchic regime, which followed on the collapse of Athens at the end of the Peloponnesian war (404–403 BC).<ref name=\"TW1\">W. K. C. Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy''', IV, 10* A.E. Taylor, Plato, xiv* U. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Plato, 47</ref>\n\nBesides Plato himself, Ariston and Perictione had three other children; these were two sons, Adeimantus and Glaucon, and a daughter, Potone, the mother of Speusippus (the nephew and successor of Plato as head of his philosophical Academy). According to the Republic, Adeimantus and Glaucon were older than Plato; the two brothers distinguished themselves in the Battle of Megara, when Plato could not have been more than 5 years old. Nevertheless, in his Memorabilia, Xenophon presents Glaucon as younger than Plato.\n\nAriston appears to have died in Plato's childhood, although the precise dating of his death is difficult. When Ariston died, Athenian law forbade the legal independence of women, and, therefore Perictione was given to marriage to Pyrilampes, her mother's brother (Plato himself calls him the uncle of Charmides), who had served many times as an ambassador to the Persian court and was a friend of Pericles, the leader of the democratic faction in Athens. Pyrilampes had a son from a previous marriage, Demos, who was famous for his beauty. Perictione gave birth to Pyrilampes' second son, Antiphon, the half-brother of Plato, who appears in Parmenides, where he is said to have given up philosophy, in order to devote most of his time to horses. Thus Plato was reared in a household of at least six children, where he was number five: a stepbrother, a sister, two brothers and a half-brother.\n\nIn contrast to his reticence about himself, Plato used to introduce his distinguished relatives into his dialogues, or to mention them with some precision: Charmides has one named after him; Critias speaks in both Charmides and Protagoras; Adeimantus and Glaucon take prominent parts in the Republic. From these and other references one can reconstruct his family tree, and this suggests a considerable amount of family pride. According to John Burnet, \"the opening scene of the Charmides is a glorification of the whole [family] connection ... Plato's dialogues are not only a memorial to Socrates, but also the happier days of his own family\".\n\n Family tree Note: John Burnet gives Glaucon as Plato's grandfather. Diogenes Laërtius gives Aristocles as Plato's grandfather.\n\nName\nAccording to Diogenes, the philosopher was named after his grandfather Aristocles, but his wrestling coach, Ariston of Argos, dubbed him \"Platon\", meaning \"broad\" on account of his robust figure. Diogenes mentions three sources for the name of Plato (Alexander Polyhistor, Neanthes of Cyzicus and unnamed sources), according to which the philosopher derived his name from the breadth (πλατύτης, platytēs) of his eloquence, or else because he was very wide (πλατύς, platýs) across the forehead. All these sources of Diogenes date from the Alexandrian period of biography which got much of its information from its Peripatetic forerunners. Recent scholars have disputed Diogenes, and argued that Plato was the original name of the philosopher, and that the legend about his name being Aristocles originated in the Hellenistic age. W. K. C. Guthrie points out that Ρlato was a common name in ancient Greece, of which 31 instances are known at Athens alone.\n\nLegends\nAccording to certain fabulous reports of ancient writers, Plato's mother became pregnant from a divine vision: Ariston tried to force his attentions on Perictione, but failed of his purpose; then the ancient Greek god Apollo appeared to him in a vision, and, as a result of it, Ariston left Perictione unmolested. When she had given birth to Plato, only then did her husband lie with her. Another legend related that, while he was sleeping as an infant on Mount Hymettus in a bower of myrtles (his parents were sacrificing to the Muses and Nymphs), bees had settled on the lips of Plato; an augury of the sweetness of style in which he would discourse philosophy.\n\nEducation\n\nApuleius informs us that Speusippus praised Plato's quickness of mind and modesty as a boy, and the \"first fruits of his youth infused with hard work and love of study\". Later Plato himself would characterize as gifts of nature the facility in learning, the memory, the sagacity, the quickness of apprehension and their accompaniments, the youthful spirit and the magnificence in soul. According to Diogenes, Plato's education, like any other Athenian boy's, was physical as well as mental; he was instructed in grammar (that is, reading and writing), music, painting, and gymnastics by the most distinguished teachers of his time. He excelled so much in physical exercises that Dicaearchus went so far as to say, in the first volume of his Lives, that Plato wrestled at the Isthmian games and did extremely well and was well known. Apuleius argues that the philosopher went also into a public contest at the Pythian games. Plato had also attended courses of philosophy; before meeting Socrates, he first became acquainted with Cratylus (a disciple of Heraclitus, a prominent pre-Socratic Greek philosopher) and the Heraclitean doctrines.\n\nAccording to the ancient writers, there was a tradition that Plato's favorite employment in his youthful years was poetry. He wrote poems, dithyrambs at first, and afterwards lyric poems and tragedies (a tetralogy), but abandoned his early passion and burnt his poems when he met Socrates and turned to philosophy. There was also a story that on the day Plato was entrusted to him, Socrates said that a swan had been delivered to him. There are also some epigrams attributed to Plato, but these are now thought by some scholars to be spurious. Modern scholars now believe that Plato was probably a young boy when he became acquainted with Socrates. This assessment is based on the fact that Critias and Charmides, two close relatives of Plato, were both friends of Socrates.\n\nPublic affairs\n\nAccording to the Seventh Letter, whose authenticity has been disputed, as Plato came of age, he imagined for himself a life in public affairs. He was actually invited by the regime of the Thirty Tyrants (Critias and Charmides were among their leaders) to join the administration, but he held back; he hoped that under the new leadership the city would return to justice, but he was soon repelled by the violent acts of the regime. He was particularly disappointed, when the Thirty attempted to implicate Socrates in their seizure of the democratic general Leon of Salamis for summary execution.\n\nIn 403 BC, the democracy was restored after the regrouping of the democrats in exile, who entered the city through the Piraeus and met the forces of the Thirty at the Battle of Munychia, where both Critias and Charmides were killed. In 401 BC the restored democrats raided Eleusis and killed the remaining oligarchic supporters, suspecting them of hiring mercenaries. After the overthrow of the Thirty, Plato's desire to become politically active was rekindled, but Socrates' condemnation to death put an end to his plans. In 399 BC, Plato and other Socratic men took temporary refuge at Megara with Euclid, founder of the Megarian school of philosophy.\n\nNotes\n\nCitations\n\nReferences\n\nPrimary sources (Greek and Roman)\n\n Apuleius, De Dogmate Platonis, I. See original text in Latin Library.\n See original text in Perseus program.\n . See original text in Perseus program.\n , I, See original text in Latin library.\n .\n . See original text in Perseus program.\n See original text in Perseus program.\n See original text in Perseus program.\n . See original text in Perseus program.\n See original text in Perseus program.\n See original text in Perseus program.\n , V, VIII. See original text in Perseus program.\n See original text in Perseus program.\n Xenophon, Memorabilia. See original text in Perseus program''.\n\nSecondary sources\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\nPlato\nPlato\nAncient Aegina" ]

[ "Plato", "Plato's use of myth", "What was platos use of myth?", "the influence of Pythagoras upon Plato also appears to have significant discussion in the philosophical literature.", "What types of myths were there?", "There is evidence that Plato possibly took from Pythagoras the idea that mathematics and, generally speaking, abstract thinking is a secure basis for philosophical thinking", "Was there any specific type of a myth that Plato mentions?", "Plato, in general, distinguished between three types of myth." ]

[ "In category theory, a branch of mathematics, Grothendieck's homotopy hypothesis states that the ∞-groupoids are equivalent to the topological spaces. If we model our ∞-groupoids as Kan complexes, then the homotopy types of the geometric realizations of these sets give models for every homotopy type. It is conjectured that there are many different \"equivalent\" models for ∞-groupoids all which can be realized as homotopy types.\n\nSee also \nPursuing Stacks\nN-group (category theory)\n\nReferences \nJohn Baez, The Homotopy Hypothesis\n\nExternal links \n\nWhat is the mistake in the proof of the Homotopy hypothesis by Kapranov and Voevodsky?\n\nHomotopy theory\nHigher category theory", "The Hierarchy Open Service Interface Definition (OSID) is an Open Knowledge Initiative specification. OSIDs are programmatic interfaces which comprise a Service Oriented Architecture for designing and building reusable and interoperable software.\n\nThe Hierarchy OSID which provides a means of creating and traversing hierarchical structures of various types. These types include trees, forests, directed graphs with multiple parents, and directed acyclic graphs.\n\nMany collections of data used throughout software systems are organized into hierarchies. Examples are management organizations, file systems, course structures, etc. The Hierarchy OSID creates a common tools for viewing and maintaining this type of structure. While these data collections have rich structures themselves, the Hierarchy OSID is concerned only with the hierarchical relationship among nodes and not what the nodes represent. It manages the structure, not the data.\n\nReferences\n\nSoftware architecture" ]

[ "Plato", "Plato's use of myth", "What was platos use of myth?", "the influence of Pythagoras upon Plato also appears to have significant discussion in the philosophical literature.", "What types of myths were there?", "There is evidence that Plato possibly took from Pythagoras the idea that mathematics and, generally speaking, abstract thinking is a secure basis for philosophical thinking", "Was there any specific type of a myth that Plato mentions?", "Plato, in general, distinguished between three types of myth.", "What were these types?", "First there were the false myths, like those based on stories of gods subject to passions and sufferings, because reason teaches that God is perfect." ]

[ "Agriculture is an important theme in Chinese mythology. There are many myths about the invention of agriculture that have been told or written about in China. Chinese mythology refers to those myths found in the historical geographic area of China. This includes myths in Chinese and other languages, as transmitted by Han Chinese as well as other ethnic groups (of which fifty-six are officially recognized by the current administration of China). Many of the myths about agriculture involve its invention by such deities or cultural heroes such as Shennong, Houji, Houtu, and Shujun: of these Shennong is the most famous, according to Lihui Yang. There are also many other myths. Myths related to agriculture include how humans learned the use of fire, cooking, animal husbandry and the use of draft animals, inventions of various agricultural tools and implements, the domestication of various species of plants such as ginger and radishes, the evaluation and uses of various types of soil, irrigation by digging wells, and the invention of farmers markets. Other myths include events which made agriculture possible by destroying an excessive number of suns in the sky or ending the Great Flood.\n\nMyth versus history \nIn the study of historical Chinese culture, many of the stories that have been told regarding characters and events which have been written or told of the distant past have a double tradition: one which tradition which presents a more historicized and one which presents a more mythological version.. This is also true in many of the accounts related to the acquisition of agricultural civilization in China.\n\nShennong \n\nShennong is generally credited with having invented basic agriculture, including the plow; although he seems to have originated as a god of the burning wind, which is perhaps a reference to slash-and-burn agriculture, according to Anthony Christie.\n\nHouji \n\nHouji was also known as Ji Qi, especially in more historically-oriented contexts. Posthumously, he was better known as Houji, from hou, meaning \"prince/deity/spirit\", and ji, meaning \"agriculture\", according to K. C. Wu.\n\nHoutu \n\nA deity of the Earth who figures in various myths.\n\nShujun \n\nShujun is a Chinese god of farming and cultivation, also known as Yijun and Shangjun. Alternatively he is a legendary culture hero of ancient times, who was in the family tree of ancient Chinese emperors descended from the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi). Shujun is specially credited with inventing the use of a draft animal of the bovine family to pull a plow to turn the soil prior to planting.\n\nGreat Flood \n\nMyths about a huge flood which lasted for many years before finally being controlled often include a motif of the acquisition of the agricultural civilization.\n\nWugu\n\nTraditionally there were five granular and storable staple food crops in China. Known as the \"Five Grains\", specific lists vary, but generally they include various seeds from the cereal, bean, and sometimes other families.\n\nSeeds from dog\n\nAccording to some mythological accounts, the ancestral seed grains of modern crops were found stuck to the hair of a dog. There are many variants of this myth.\n\nRelated\nThere are various myths related to agriculture. Humans are said to have been taught the use of fire by Suiren. Suiren, also known as the Drill Man, used a fire-drill to start fires, and thus to allowing food to be cooked . Also: animal husbandry and the use of draft animals, inventions of various agricultural tools and implements, the domestication of various species of plants such as rice and ginger and radishes, the evaluation and uses of various types of soil, and irrigation by digging wells. Other myths include events which made agriculture possible by destroying an excessive number of suns in the sky or ending the Great Flood. Also there were all sorts of deities or beings in charge of bringing rain, drought, and various cyclical phenomena such as day and night or the various seasons in their proper order, which are vital aspects of successful agriculture. Other myths include the invention of farmers markets and the invention of fermentation.\n\nReligion\n\nMany of the myths regarding agriculture in China are related to popular religion and ritual.\n\nSee also \n\nAgriculture in China\nBigu (avoiding grains)\nChinese dragon\nChinese folklore\nChinese folk religion\nChinese literature\nDog in Chinese mythology\nDi Ku\nFive Grains\nGreat Flood (China)\nHouji\nHoutu\nOx in Chinese mythology\nShennong\nShujun\nSoil and grain\nTraditional Chinese Medicine\nYellow Emperor\nZhurong\n\nNotes\n\nReferences \n\n \n \n \n\nAgriculture in China\nHistory of ancient China\nChinese mythology", "House of Myths was an early radio series which aired on NBC in 1926-29.\n\nIt was unique in that programs broadcast on the East Coast were soon followed by totally different programs in a West Coast series broadcast from San Francisco.\n\nThe West Coast version was scripted by Carlton E. Morse. In 1928, Morse was working at the San Francisco Bulletin, when it merged into the San Francisco Call, leaving Morse out of work. He then applied for a job with NBC, as he later explained:\nThey had a show coming in from New York -- it was called The House of Myths, dramatizations of Greek classics. They said, \"We can't do these -- they're terrible. Can you take them and rewrite them, or dramatize some myths that we could produce?\" So, they sent me home, and I conceived the idea of doing the myths in modern vernacular with a heavy tongue-in-cheek innuendo on the sex life of the Gods.\n\nWhile working on the script, Morse got a job offer from The Seattle Times and had to make a decision. He decided radio had great possibilities, quickly completed the script, returned to NBC offices and was immediately hired. He never returned to newspaper work because radio offered him creative freedom, as he later recalled during a radio interview:\nDuring those days, the thing that was so very pleasant was that there were no standards of writing. You were turned loose to think of something and do it. And out of this maelstrom of confusion came many of the shows that later developed into Coast and National shows. It was a wonderful time. It was a new era in a new medium and everybody has his opportunity.\n\nHe continued scripting House of Myths until the series came to an end.\n\nReferences\n\n1920s American radio programs\nAmerican radio programs\nNBC radio programs" ]

[ "Plato", "Plato's use of myth", "What was platos use of myth?", "the influence of Pythagoras upon Plato also appears to have significant discussion in the philosophical literature.", "What types of myths were there?", "There is evidence that Plato possibly took from Pythagoras the idea that mathematics and, generally speaking, abstract thinking is a secure basis for philosophical thinking", "Was there any specific type of a myth that Plato mentions?", "Plato, in general, distinguished between three types of myth.", "What were these types?", "First there were the false myths, like those based on stories of gods subject to passions and sufferings, because reason teaches that God is perfect.", "Was there more to the type of myths?", "Then came the myths based on true reasoning, and therefore also true. Finally there were those non verifiable because beyond of human reason, but containing some truth in them." ]

[ "Agriculture is an important theme in Chinese mythology. There are many myths about the invention of agriculture that have been told or written about in China. Chinese mythology refers to those myths found in the historical geographic area of China. This includes myths in Chinese and other languages, as transmitted by Han Chinese as well as other ethnic groups (of which fifty-six are officially recognized by the current administration of China). Many of the myths about agriculture involve its invention by such deities or cultural heroes such as Shennong, Houji, Houtu, and Shujun: of these Shennong is the most famous, according to Lihui Yang. There are also many other myths. Myths related to agriculture include how humans learned the use of fire, cooking, animal husbandry and the use of draft animals, inventions of various agricultural tools and implements, the domestication of various species of plants such as ginger and radishes, the evaluation and uses of various types of soil, irrigation by digging wells, and the invention of farmers markets. Other myths include events which made agriculture possible by destroying an excessive number of suns in the sky or ending the Great Flood.\n\nMyth versus history \nIn the study of historical Chinese culture, many of the stories that have been told regarding characters and events which have been written or told of the distant past have a double tradition: one which tradition which presents a more historicized and one which presents a more mythological version.. This is also true in many of the accounts related to the acquisition of agricultural civilization in China.\n\nShennong \n\nShennong is generally credited with having invented basic agriculture, including the plow; although he seems to have originated as a god of the burning wind, which is perhaps a reference to slash-and-burn agriculture, according to Anthony Christie.\n\nHouji \n\nHouji was also known as Ji Qi, especially in more historically-oriented contexts. Posthumously, he was better known as Houji, from hou, meaning \"prince/deity/spirit\", and ji, meaning \"agriculture\", according to K. C. Wu.\n\nHoutu \n\nA deity of the Earth who figures in various myths.\n\nShujun \n\nShujun is a Chinese god of farming and cultivation, also known as Yijun and Shangjun. Alternatively he is a legendary culture hero of ancient times, who was in the family tree of ancient Chinese emperors descended from the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi). Shujun is specially credited with inventing the use of a draft animal of the bovine family to pull a plow to turn the soil prior to planting.\n\nGreat Flood \n\nMyths about a huge flood which lasted for many years before finally being controlled often include a motif of the acquisition of the agricultural civilization.\n\nWugu\n\nTraditionally there were five granular and storable staple food crops in China. Known as the \"Five Grains\", specific lists vary, but generally they include various seeds from the cereal, bean, and sometimes other families.\n\nSeeds from dog\n\nAccording to some mythological accounts, the ancestral seed grains of modern crops were found stuck to the hair of a dog. There are many variants of this myth.\n\nRelated\nThere are various myths related to agriculture. Humans are said to have been taught the use of fire by Suiren. Suiren, also known as the Drill Man, used a fire-drill to start fires, and thus to allowing food to be cooked . Also: animal husbandry and the use of draft animals, inventions of various agricultural tools and implements, the domestication of various species of plants such as rice and ginger and radishes, the evaluation and uses of various types of soil, and irrigation by digging wells. Other myths include events which made agriculture possible by destroying an excessive number of suns in the sky or ending the Great Flood. Also there were all sorts of deities or beings in charge of bringing rain, drought, and various cyclical phenomena such as day and night or the various seasons in their proper order, which are vital aspects of successful agriculture. Other myths include the invention of farmers markets and the invention of fermentation.\n\nReligion\n\nMany of the myths regarding agriculture in China are related to popular religion and ritual.\n\nSee also \n\nAgriculture in China\nBigu (avoiding grains)\nChinese dragon\nChinese folklore\nChinese folk religion\nChinese literature\nDog in Chinese mythology\nDi Ku\nFive Grains\nGreat Flood (China)\nHouji\nHoutu\nOx in Chinese mythology\nShennong\nShujun\nSoil and grain\nTraditional Chinese Medicine\nYellow Emperor\nZhurong\n\nNotes\n\nReferences \n\n \n \n \n\nAgriculture in China\nHistory of ancient China\nChinese mythology", "Kitanemuk traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Kitanemuk people of the Tehachapi Mountains, southern Sierra Nevada, and the western Mojave Desert of southern California.\n\nLimited information has been published on Kitanemuk oral literature. More is like to be forthcoming from the papers of John Peabody Harrington. Kitanemuk mythology seems to have shown influences from several of the group's neighbors, including the Kawaiisu, Chumash, and Yokuts. (See also Traditional narratives (Native California).)\n\nReferences\n Kroeber, A. L. 1907. \"Indian Myths of South Central California\". University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 4:167-250. Berkeley. (Kitanemuk myth, pp. 243-244.)\n Zigmond, Maurice. 1980. Kawaiisu Mythology: An Oral Tradition of South-Central California. Ballena Press Anthropological Papers No. 18. Menlo Park, California. (Two Kitanemuk myths collected from Marcelino Rivera and Isabella Gonzales in the late 1930s, pp. 213-218.)\n\nExternal links\n\nOn-Line Examples of Kitanemuk Narratives\n \"Indian Myths of South Central California\" by Alfred L. Kroeber (1907)\n\nTraditional narratives (Native California)\nHistory of the Mojave Desert region\nHistory of the Sierra Nevada (United States)" ]

[ "Plato", "Plato's use of myth", "What was platos use of myth?", "the influence of Pythagoras upon Plato also appears to have significant discussion in the philosophical literature.", "What types of myths were there?", "There is evidence that Plato possibly took from Pythagoras the idea that mathematics and, generally speaking, abstract thinking is a secure basis for philosophical thinking", "Was there any specific type of a myth that Plato mentions?", "Plato, in general, distinguished between three types of myth.", "What were these types?", "First there were the false myths, like those based on stories of gods subject to passions and sufferings, because reason teaches that God is perfect.", "Was there more to the type of myths?", "Then came the myths based on true reasoning, and therefore also true. Finally there were those non verifiable because beyond of human reason, but containing some truth in them.", "It seems there are more types of myths, Were there a few more?", "those dealing with the origin of the universe, and those about morals and the origin and fate of the soul." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Plato", "Plato's use of myth", "What was platos use of myth?", "the influence of Pythagoras upon Plato also appears to have significant discussion in the philosophical literature.", "What types of myths were there?", "There is evidence that Plato possibly took from Pythagoras the idea that mathematics and, generally speaking, abstract thinking is a secure basis for philosophical thinking", "Was there any specific type of a myth that Plato mentions?", "Plato, in general, distinguished between three types of myth.", "What were these types?", "First there were the false myths, like those based on stories of gods subject to passions and sufferings, because reason teaches that God is perfect.", "Was there more to the type of myths?", "Then came the myths based on true reasoning, and therefore also true. Finally there were those non verifiable because beyond of human reason, but containing some truth in them.", "It seems there are more types of myths, Were there a few more?", "those dealing with the origin of the universe, and those about morals and the origin and fate of the soul.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "He considered that only a few people were capable or interested in following a reasoned philosophical discourse, but men in general are attracted by stories and tales." ]

[ "In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, a group is said to be capable if it occurs as the inner automorphism group of some group. These groups were first studied by Reinhold Baer, who showed that a finite abelian group is capable if and only if it is a product of cyclic groups of orders n1,...,nk where ni divides ni+1 and nk–1=nk.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Bounds on the index of the center in capable groups\n\nProperties of groups", "HD ready is a certification program introduced in 2005 by EICTA (European Information, Communications and Consumer Electronics Technology Industry Associations), now DIGITALEUROPE. HD ready minimum native resolution is 720 rows in widescreen ratio.\n\nThere are currently four different labels: \"HD ready\", \"HD TV\", \"HD ready 1080p\", \"HD TV 1080p\". The logos are assigned to television equipment capable of certain features.\n\nIn the United States, a similar \"HD Ready\" term usually refers to any display that is capable of accepting and displaying a high-definition signal at either 720p, 1080i or 1080p using a component video or digital input, but does not have a built-in HD-capable tuner.\n\nHistory\nThe \"HD ready\" certification program was introduced on January 19, 2005. The labels and relevant specifications are based on agreements between over 60 broadcasters and manufacturers of the European HDTV Forum at its second session in June 2004, held at the Betzdorf, Luxembourg headquarters of founding member SES Astra.\n\nThe \"HD ready\" logo is used on television equipment capable of displaying High Definition (HD) pictures from an external source. However, it does not have to feature a digital tuner to decode an HD signal; devices with tuners were certified under a separate \"HD TV\" logo, which does not require a \"HD ready\" display device.\n\nBefore the introduction of the \"HD ready\" certification, many TV sources and displays were being promoted as capable of displaying high definition pictures when they were in fact SDTV devices; according to Alexander Oudendijk, senior VP of marketing for Astra, in early 2005 there were 74 different devices being sold as ready for HD that were not. Devices advertised as HD-compatible or HD ready could take HDTV-signal as an input (via analog -YPbPr or digital DVI or HDMI), but they did not have enough pixels for true representation of even the lower HD resolution (1280 × 720) (plasma-based sets with 853 × 480 resolution, CRT based sets only capable of SDTV-resolution or VGA-resolution, 640×480 pixels), much less the higher HD resolution (1920 × 1080), and so were unable to display the HD picture without downscaling to a lower resolution. Industry-sponsored labels such as \"Full HD\" were misleading as well, as they can refer to devices which do not fulfil some essential requirements such as having 1:1 pixel mapping with no overscan or accepting a 1080p signal.\n\nA UK BBC television programme found that separate labels for display devices and TV tuners/decoders confused purchasers, many of whom bought HD-ready equipment expecting to be able to receive HD with no additional equipment; they were sometimes actively misled by salespeople—a 2007 Ofcom survey found that 12% were told explicitly that they could view analog SDTV transmissions in HD, 7% that no extra equipment was needed, and 14% that HD-ready sets would receive existing digital SDTV transmissions in HD.\n\nOn August 30, 2007, 1080p versions of the logos and licensing agreements were introduced; as an improvement to the earlier scheme, \"HD TV 1080p\" logo now requires \"HD ready 1080p\" certification.\n\nRequirements and logos \n\nHD ready and HD ready 1080p logos are assigned to displays (including integrated television sets, computer monitors and projectors) which have certain capabilities to process and display high-definition source video signal, outlined in a table below.\n\nThe HD TV logo is assigned to either integrated digital television sets (containing a display conforming to \"HD ready\" requirements) or standalone set-top boxes which are capable of receiving, decoding and outputting or displaying high-definition broadcasts (that is, include a DVB tuner for cable, terrestrial or satellite broadcasting, a video decoder which supports H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression in 720p and 1080i signal formats, and either video outputs or an integrated display capable of handling such signals).\n\nThe HD TV 1080p logo is assigned to integrated digital television sets which have a display conforming to \"HD ready 1080p\" requirements, a DVB tuner and a decoder capable of processing 1080p signal.\n\nIn order to be labelled \"HD ready 1080p\" or \"HD Ready\" logo, a display device has to meet the following requirements:\n\nTechnical references\n\nDVI: DDWG, \"Digital Visual Interface\", rev 1.0, April 2, 1999 as further qualified in EIA861B, \"A DTV Profile for Uncompressed High Speed Digital Interfaces\" May 2002, furthermore allowing both DVI-D and DVI-I connectors, requiring compliance to both 50 and 60 Hz profiles, and requiring support for both 720p and 1080i video formats.\nHDMI: HDMI Licensing, LLC, \"High-Definition Multimedia Interface\", rev.1.1, May 20, 2004\nHDCP: Intel, \"High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection System\", rev 1.1, June 9, 2003. (For DVI input, HDCP rev 1.0 will apply.)\nYPBPR: EIA770.3-A, March 2000, with the notice that the connectors required may be available only through an adaptor.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n HD ready official UK website\n High Definition Television and Logos - EICTA\n EICTA: Broadcast\n License agreement and HD Ready 1080p requirements\n HD Ready 1080p press release\n DVDActive article - Are You Ready for HDTV? \n \n\nFilm and video technology\nTelevision technology\nHigh-definition television" ]

[ "Helloween", "Hansen and Kiske's departures (1989-1993)" ]

[ "Instant Clarity is the first solo album of vocalist Michael Kiske, formerly of Helloween. The album was released 1996 and features guest appearances by Kai Hansen, formerly of Helloween, Adrian Smith of Iron Maiden, and compositions with Ciriaco Taraxes. \n\nA music video was produced and filmed in New York City for the song Always, which was dedicated to Ingo Schwichtenberg; the former Helloween drummer who committed suicide in 1995. \n\n\"The Calling\" was released as an single-EP in Japan, and \"Always\" was released instead in the UK. Both EPs have the same bonus tracks not available on the album. These tracks were \"Rock'N'Roll Is Dead\" and \"When You're Down On Your Knees That's When You're Closest To Heaven\".\n\nThe album was reissued in 2006 containing four bonus tracks recorded in the sessions for his solo album \"Kiske\" released 2006..\n\nBackground\n\nKiske said about the album 2013: \"I think the 'Instant Clarity' record was rather easy because there was good money support, especially from Japan. Then I had Kai [Hansen] and Adrian Smith (Iron Maiden) there for support. And I was renting a house and we had everything set up there. That was quite fun to do. Then it got difficult afterwards when you don’t reach the sales for certain record companies. You get less money and you have less available production – that makes it more difficult. I actually lost interest, to be honest with you. Looking back now, maybe the Instant Clarity album still had a bit of the…drive of the past, it was still in there. Then I completely lost interest. I was interested in other things. I was studying things, reading books every day. There was this request for another record and I made one, but it wasn’t until 2006 when I got interested again.\"\n\nTrack listing\n\"Be True to Yourself\" (Kiske) - 4:40\n\"The Calling\" (Kiske, Hansen, Adrian Smith) - 4:00\n\"Somebody Somewhere\" (Ciriaco Taraxes, Michael Kiske) - 4:39\n\"Burned Out\" (Taraxes) - 4:44\n\"New Horizons\" (Smith, Kiske, Kai Hansen) - 4:25\n\"Hunted\" (Kiske, Taraxes) - 4:25\n\"Always\" (Kiske) - 4:15\n\"Thanx a Lot!\" (Kiske) - 5:25\n\"Time's Passing By\" (Kay Rudi Wolke, Taraxes) - 3:46\n\"So Sick\" (Kiske) - 4:30\n\"Do I Remember a Life?\" (Kiske, Taraxes) - 10:20\n\"A Song Is Just a Moment\" (Kiske) [japanese bonus track] - 4:20\n\"I Don't Deserve Love\" (Kiske) [bonus track] - 4:40\n\"Sacred Grounds\" (Kiske) [bonus track] - 4:05\n\"Can't Tell\" (Kiske) [bonus track] - 3:22\n\nTracks 13-15 appear on the 2006 reissue only. These tracks were recorded at the sessions for the 'Kiske' solo album released 2006.\n\nCredits\nBand members\n Michael Kiske – vocals, guitar, keyboards, sound effects\n Ciriaco Taraxes – guitar\n Jens Mencl – bass guitar\n Kay Rudi Wolke – drums, guitar on 9\n\nGuest musicians\n Kai Hansen – guitar on 1,2,5 and 8\n Adrian Smith – guitar on 2,5 and 6\n Norbert Krietemeyer – flute\n\nReferences\n\n1996 albums\nMichael Kiske albums", "Helloween is the self-titled sixteenth studio album by German power metal band Helloween, released on 18 June 2021. The album is the first released with the \"Pumpkins United\" line-up, which marked the return of original member Kai Hansen on guitars and vocals and Michael Kiske on vocals in 2016, in addition to the five-member line-up active since 2005.\n\nHelloween is the first album to feature Hansen since 1988's Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II and the first one with Kiske since 1993's Chameleon. Released six years after its predecessor My God-Given Right (the longest gap between two albums from the band), the album is also the first to feature more than one singer, as Hansen, Kiske and Andi Deris, all of whom had performed as sole lead vocalist on previous albums, share lead vocal duties. The album reached top ten positions in several international music charts.\n\nBackground \n\nIn January 1989, guitarist Kai Hansen left Helloween and founded Gamma Ray, with whom he has played and recorded ever since. Vocalist Michael Kiske did the same in 1993 and focused on a solo career, aside from taking part in projects such as Avantasia. While Hansen remained in good terms with both the band and Kiske, the latter had not spoken to the remaining Helloween members for decades.\n\nIn 2016, guitarist Michael Weikath approached Kiske in the backstage of a festival and asked him: \"what did I do that you can't forgive me?\"; such question made Kiske realize he had already forgiven Weikath but failed to notice it. Following some encouragement from Hansen, by that time his bandmate at Unisonic, he agreed to join them for the Pumpkins United Tour.\n\nFormer guitarist Roland Grapow and drummer Uli Kusch were not asked to re-join, with Grosskopf stating \"it would be too many people\". This new line-up released an original song, \"Pumpkins United\", on 13 October 2017 on which Deris, Hansen, and Kiske all share lead vocals. The Pumpkins United World Tour started in Monterrey, Mexico on 19 October 2017.\n\nAbout a potential studio album under the new line-up, Deris stated in March 2018: \"We certainly have lots and lots of talks [about it]. This summer, if the chemistry goes on like this, then everything is possible. After recording that particular \"Pumpkins United\" song, we realized that it's easy working together. [...] Yeah, it was no problem at all, as if we would have worked together for decades already. So, I could see an upcoming album for the future. If the chemistry stays the way it is now, I definitely would say 99 percent yes, we're going for it.\" When they were interviewed together in June, Weikath stated: \"We don't really feel like starting with it because it's going to be a lot of work and it's going to take a lot of time and right now, we are kind of comfy with what we are doing, so to say\", while Hansen stated \"There's a lot of ideas in the room for what we do next and so on. But, nothing is kind of decided. Nothing is ripe for the decision. We leave that open, kind of.\"\n\nOn 21 August 2018, the band announced that, at the request of their label Nuclear Blast, they would all remain together and that a new studio album would be recorded later in 2018 for a planned 2020 release, with Weikath, Hansen and Deris acting as a \"songwriting trio\". In March 2021, the album's title and release date was announced.\n\nRecording \nIn March 2019, Deris stated that he had written two duets between him and Kiske for the upcoming album.\n\nOn 26 November 2019, the band published a video in which they shared that they had begun recording their next album in Hamburg (where they had previously recorded four successive albums in the 1990s, from 1993's Chameleon to 1998's Better Than Raw), and that they were planning to resume touring in late 2020. On 1 June 2020, Helloween confirmed that they had \"decided to shift the release\" of their new album to early next year, with Ronald Prent mixing it.\n\nMost of the album was recorded before the COVID-19 pandemic; Kiske got back from his recording sessions in Tenerife in April 2020, shortly before flights in Europe were brought to a halt. Weikath, on the other hand, was caught in the middle of strict lockdowns and even had to spend one night at the studio.\n\nDrums of the album were recorded with former drummer Ingo Schwichtenberg's original kit, and the band used the same modulators used when they recorded Master of the Rings, The Time of the Oath and Better Than Raw.\n\nCover art \nThe cover art was painted by hand by Eliran Kantor and selected against a number of digitally created images. Markus Staiger (founder of Nuclear Blast) was initially against it and tried to convince the band to chose another one, but the musicians' opinion prevailed.\n\nReception\n\nWriting for Blabbermouth.net, Jason Roche wrote that \"The Deris and Kiske duo has tremendous chemistry\" and \"Hansen's axe capabilities are seamlessly interwoven alongside those of the existing duo\". Writing for Sonicperspectives.com, Jonathan Smith wrote that “ it’s certainly up there in the short list of the best material this band has ever produced”, giving the album a rating of 9/10.\n\nWriting for Heavy Mag, Carl Neumann summarized the album as \"essentially a mix of all Helloween albums in one. You have classic power metal, hard rock, speed metal and good ‘ol rock n roll all mixed into 12 songs within a duration of 65 minutes. It would be impossible for 'Helloween' to be a flop. It has EVERYTHING that is Helloween. Therefore it's is aptly titled.\"\n\nSebastian Kessler, from the German edition of Metal Hammer, praised the album for not offering \"flat copies of past masterpieces or denying sound and style developments of the last decades\". He also considered it a good merge of Walls of Jericho, Keeper of the Seven Keys (both) and Better Than Raw.\n\nJens Peters, from Rock Hard, said Helloween was \"THE album that every Teutonic Metal fan has been waiting for since the big split in the late eighties / early nineties\". He also said that the members \"work their way through the phases of their own history\" and that \"all the pieces have in common that you can clearly hear their respective main authors\".\n\nWriting for BraveWords, Paul Stenning offered \"Huge credit must also go to Dennis Ward and Charlie Bauerfeind for their work in balancing the combination of singers and performers,\" and described how it is \"hard to choose standout songs here as they are all classic Helloween - sometimes they recall the eighties, sometimes the early 90s and others the 2000s.\"\n\nHelloween was elected by Loudwire as the 8th best rock/metal album of 2021. The publication also elected \"Skyfall\" as the 13th best metal song of the year.\n\nTrack listing\n\nPersonnel \n\nHelloween\n Michael Kiske – lead vocals\n Andi Deris – lead vocals\n Kai Hansen – lead vocals, guitars\n Michael Weikath – guitars\n Sascha Gerstner – guitars, co-lead vocals on \"Best Time\"\n Markus Grosskopf – bass\n Daniel Löble – drums\n\nAdditional musicians\n Matthias Ulmer – keyboards\n Jens Johansson – keyboards on \"Skyfall\"\n Tim Hansen - Guitar solo on \"Skyfall\"\n Dennis Ward - Bass on \"Robot King\"\n Xavier Russell - Narration on \"Out for the Glory\"\n\nProduction\n Charlie Bauerfeind, Dennis Ward – production, mixing\n Ronald Prent – mixing at Valhalla Studios (New York City)\n Eliran Kantor – cover artwork\n\nCharts \nThe album topped German and Spanish charts and also reached number one in sales in other countries. It also reached the highest rank a Helloween album ever reached at the Billboard, peaking at 35th.\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official Helloween website\n\n2021 albums\nHelloween albums\nNuclear Blast albums\nAlbums produced by Charlie Bauerfeind" ]

[ "Helloween", "Hansen and Kiske's departures (1989-1993)", "What led to Hansen and Kiske's departures?", "Guitarist Kai Hansen unexpectedly left the band in 1989 soon after the European leg of the Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II tour," ]

[ "SupaRed is an album by SupaRed, a band led by ex-Helloween vocalist Michael Kiske. It was released on Helloween's former record label Noise Records.\n\nBackground\nKiske both produced and mixed the album by himself. The album was recorded in Kiskes own studio. It was a songwriting process and then the band members gradually recorded it. The guitars were recorded live at times.\n\nHe said in 2003: \"Rock music as such is just a band story. With the solo albums I just had a lot to do with myself, had to sort and redefine a lot. At that point it was just fine to do solo records, but rock music is not for solo artists.\"\n\nKiske wanted a name that cannot be defined immediately, that has no special meaning, but just sounded good. Translated, it actually means nothing, except strong red.\n\nHe also said 2003: \"I think it's unfair to compare Supared to Helloween, I know that people will compare it no matter what I think of it. It goes with the territory. You can't really compare the music, because it's an entirely different band.\"\n\nSandro Giampietro played guitar on Kiske's solo works Kiske (2006) and \"Past In Different Ways\" (2008), and was a co-songwriter for Unisonic on the songs \"Blood\" and \"Manhunter\" on the album \"Light of Dawn\" (2014).\n\nTrack listing\n \"Reconsider\" - 4:12\n \"Can I Know Now?\" - 4:46\n \"Let's Be Heroes\" - 4:16\n \"He Pretends\" - 3:56\n \"Freak-Away\" - 3:46\n \"Hey\" - 4:55\n \"Boiling Points Of No Reburn\" - 4:00\n \"Ride On\" - 5:00\n \"Hackneyed\" - 3:33\n \"That's Why\" - 3:00\n \"A Bit Of Her\" - 4:02\n \"Overrated\" - 3:33\n \"Dancers Bug\" - 2:34\n \"Turn It\" - 3:24\nAll songs are written by Kiske. Except 1. Kiske/Taraxes, and 10. Kiske/Giampietro.\n\nCredits\n\nBand members\n Michael Kiske – vocals, guitar, keyboard\n Sandro Giampietro – guitars\n Aldo Harms – Bass\n Jurgen Spiegel – drums\n\nReferences\n\n2003 albums\nMichael Kiske albums\nNoise Records albums\nSanctuary Records albums", "New Era is the debut album of Finnish power metal pioneer Timo Tolkki's band, Revolution Renaissance. After Tolkki's split from Stratovarius in 2008 he used what fan's knew the album to be titled R... R.... as the namesake for his new project. Using material he had written for Stratovarius's upcoming album, Tolkki's New Era features the talents of German power metal vocalist Tobias Sammet and German singer Michael Kiske among others.\n\nTrack listing\nCredits from the Metal Archives.\n\n \"Heroes\" (Lead vocals: Tobias Sammet) – 4:20\n \"I Did It My Way\" (Lead vocals: Michael Kiske) – 4:22\n \"We Are Magic\" (Lead vocals: Pasi Rantanen) – 4:23\n \"Angel\" (Lead vocals: Kiske) – 4:51\n \"Eden Is Burning\" (Lead vocals: Rantanen) – 5:16\n \"Glorious and Divine\" (Lead vocals: Sammet) – 4:43\n \"Born Upon the Cross\" (Lead vocals: Rantanen) – 4:02\n \"Keep the Flame Alive\" (Lead vocals: Kiske) – 4:32\n \"Last Night on Earth\" (Lead vocals: Kiske) – 4:46\n \"Revolution Renaissance\" (Lead vocals: Kiske) – 6:10\n \"Glorious and Divine (Stratovarius Demo)\" (Performed by Stratovarius in 2006) [Japanese Bonus Track]\n\nPersonnel \nTimo Tolkki – guitar\nPasi Heikkilä – bass (except tracks 1 and 6)\nJoonas Puolakka – keyboards\nMirka Rantanen – drums\nMichael Kiske – vocals (tracks 2, 4, 8-10)\nPasi Rantanen – vocals (tracks 3, 5 and 7)\nTobias Sammet – vocals and bass (tracks 1 and 6)\nTimo Kotipelto – vocals (track 11)\n\nReferences\n\n2008 albums\nRevolution Renaissance albums\nFrontiers Records albums" ]

[ "Helloween", "Hansen and Kiske's departures (1989-1993)", "What led to Hansen and Kiske's departures?", "Guitarist Kai Hansen unexpectedly left the band in 1989 soon after the European leg of the Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II tour,", "Why did Kiske leave?", "the conflicts within the rest of the band worsened, with Michael Weikath refusing to work any longer with Michael Kiske. The decision was made to fire Kiske." ]

[ "Jake Hansen (born August 21, 1989) is an American professional ice hockey forward. He is currently an playing with the Nottingham Panthers in the Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL).\n\nPlaying career\nHansen played junior hockey with the Sioux Falls Stampede in the United States Hockey League. After joined the Stampede mid-year and helping capture the Clark Cup in the 2006–07 season, Hansen was selected 68th overall in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft by the Columbus Blue Jackets.\n\nHansen attended University of Minnesota where he played NCAA Division I hockey with the Minnesota Golden Gophers of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA), registering 36 goals, 41 assists, 77 points, and 155 penalty minutes in 149 games played. In his sophomore year was named to the WCHA All-Academic Team.\n\nOn April 12, 2012, the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League signed Hansen to a two-year entry-level contract. He spent the next two seasons playing with the Springfield Falcons, the Blue Jackets' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate. Following the 2014 season, the Blue Jackets did not give Hansen a qualifying offer, leaving him as an unrestricted free agent.\n\nOn August 26, 2014, Hansen left North America and embarked on a European career, as Ässät Pori of the Finnish Liiga announced it had signed Hansen to a two-year contract. Following the conclusion of his two-year tenure in Finland, Hansen opted for a move to Germany, agreeing to a one-year deal with Schwenninger Wild Wings of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga on September 15, 2016. In 46 games during the 2016–17 season, he contributed with 14 points before opting for an early release nearing the completion of the season with the Wild Wings out of playoff contention on February 16, 2017.\n\nCareer statistics\n\nAwards and honors\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1989 births\nLiving people\nÄssät players\nAmerican men's ice hockey forwards\nColumbus Blue Jackets draft picks\nCoventry Blaze players\nHKM Zvolen players\nMinnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey players\nNottingham Panthers players\nSchwenninger Wild Wings players\nSioux Falls Stampede players\nSpringfield Falcons players", "Chicken Soup for the Soul is a series of books, usually featuring a collection of short, inspirational stories and motivational essays. The 101 stories in the first book of the series were compiled by motivational speakers Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen.\n\nThere have been numerous volumes of Chicken Soup issued.\n\nOriginal\n Chicken Soup for the Soul – #1 New York Times Bestseller (1993)\n A 2nd Helping of Chicken Soup for the Soul (1994)\n A 3rd Serving of Chicken Soup for the Soul (1996)\n A 4th Course of Chicken Soup for the Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Hanoch McCarty and Meladee McCarty (1997)\n A 5th Portion of Chicken Soup for the Soul (1998)\n A 6th Bowl of Chicken Soup for the Soul (1999)\n Condensed Chicken Soup for the Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen & Patty Hansen – a compilation of stories from Chicken Soup for the Soul, A 2nd Helping and A 3rd Serving (1996)\n A Cup of Chicken Soup for the Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Barry Spilchuk (2001)\n Chicken Soup for Little Souls Reader, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Lisa McCourt and Tim Ladwig – in a format which can be read by parents to their children\n\nA-B\n Chicken Soup for the Adopted Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, LeAnn Thieman L.P.N. (1998)\n Chicken Soup for the African American Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Lisa Nichols\n Chicken Soup for the African American Woman's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Lisa Nichols and Tom Joyner\n Chicken Soup for the Soul of America, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Matthew E. Adams (2002)\n Chicken Soup for the American Idol Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Debra Poneman (2007)\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Angels Among Us (2013)\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Angels and Miracles\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Answered Prayers\n Chicken Soup for the Baseball Fan's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Mark Donnelly, Chrissy Donnelly and Tommy Lasorda\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Be the Best You Can Be\n Chicken Soup for the Beach Lover's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Aubery and Peter Vegso\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Best Mom Ever\n\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: A Book of Miracles \n Chicken Soup for the Breast Cancer Survivor's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Mary Olsen Kelly\n Chicken Soup for the Bride's Soul\n\nC-D\n Chicken Soup for the Cancer Survivor's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Aubery and Beverly Katherine Kirkhart (1996)\n Chicken Soup for the Caregiver's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and LeAnn Thieman\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Cartoons for Dads, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and John McPherson\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Cartoons for Moms, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, John McPherson\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Cartoons for Teachers, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and John McPherson\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: The Cat Did What??\n Chicken Soup for the Cat Lover's Soul, Mark Victor Hansen, Marty Becker D.V.M., Carol Kline, and Amy D. Shojai\n Chicken Soup for the Cat & Dog Lover's Soul (1999)\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Celebrates Cats and the People Who Love Them, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Sharon Wohlmuth\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Celebrates Mothers, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Sharon J. Wohlmuth\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Celebrates Sisters, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Maria Stave\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Celebrates Teachers, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Sharon J. Wohlmuth\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Celebrating Brothers and Sisters, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Dahlynn McKowen and Ken McKowen\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Celebrating Mothers and Daughters, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Frances Firman Salorio and Dorothy Firman\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Celebrating People Who Make a Difference, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Peter Vegso and Theresa Peluso\n Chicken Soup for the Child's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Hansen, and Irene Dunlap\n Chicken Soup for the Soul, Children with Special Needs, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Karen Simmons, Heather McNamara\n Chicken Soup for the Soul in the Classroom – High School Edition, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Victor Hansen and Anna Unkovich\n Chicken Soup for the Coffee Lover's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Theresa Peluso\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Cookbook, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, and Diana von Welanetz Wentworth. Includes material by Barbara Halloran Gibbons. (1995)\n Chicken Soup for the Couple's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Mark & Chrissy Donnelly, and Barbara DeAngelis (1999)\n Chicken Soup for the Country Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Ron Camacho (1998)\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Country Music\n Chicken Soup for the College Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Kim Kirberger and Dan Clark (1999)\n Chicken Soup for the Canadian Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Raymond Aaron and Janet Matthews\n Chicken Soup for the Chiropractic Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Dr. Fabrizio Mancini\n Chicken Soup for the Christian Family Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Aubery and Nancy Mitchell Autio (2000)\n Chicken Soup for the Christian Teenage Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Kimberly Kirberger, Patty Aubery and Nancy Mitchell-Autio\n Chicken Soup for the Christian Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Aubery & Nancy Mitchell (1997)\n Chicken Soup for the Christian Soul 2, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, and Leann Thieman L.P.N.\n Chicken Soup for the Christian Woman's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Aubery and Nancy Mitchell Autio\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Christmas, Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Christmas in Canada\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Christmas Magic, Jack Canfield, Cheri Eplin\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Christmas Treasury, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Christmas Treasury for Kids, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Hansen, and Irene Dunlap\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Healthy Living Series: Weight Loss, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Andrew Larson, M.D. – combines inspirational stories with medical advice\n Chicken Soup for the Cat and Dog Lover's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Marty Becker, D.V.M. and Carol Kline\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Count Your Blessings\nChicken Soup for the Soul Create Your Best Future\n Chicken Soup for the Soul \"The Dating Game\"\n Chicken Soup for the Dental Soul, Jack Canfield\n Chicken Soup for the Dieter's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Theresa Peluso\n Chicken Soup for the Soul:Divorce and Recovery\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: The Dog Did What?\n \"Chicken Soup For The Dog Lover's Soul\", Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Marty Becker, D.V.M., Carol Kline and Amy D. Shojai\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Dreams and Premonitions\n\nE-G\n Chicken Soup for the Entrepreneur's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Dahlynn McKowen and Tom Hill\n Chicken Soup for the Soul Empty Nesters\n Chicken Soup for the Every Mom's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Heather McNamara, and Marci Shimoff\n Chicken Soup for the Expectant Mother's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Aubery & Nancy Mitchell\n Chicken Soup for the Soul \"Family Matters\"\n Chicken Soup for the Father's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Jeff Aubery, Mark and Chrissy Donnelly\n Chicken Soup for the Father and Daughter's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen\n Chicken Soup for the Father and Son's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Ted Slawski, and Dorothy Firman\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Find Your Happiness\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Find Your Inner Strength\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: \"Finding My Faith\"\n Chicken Soup for the Fisherman's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Ken McKowen and Dahlynn McKowen\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Food and Love\n Chicken Soup for the Gardener's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Cynthia Brian, Cindy Buck, Marion Owen, Pat Stone and Carol Sturgulewski\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: The Gift of Christmas\n Chicken Soup for the Girlfriend's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Mark Donnelly, Chrissy Donnelly and Stefanie Adrian\n Chicken Soup for the Girl's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Hansen and Irene Dunlap\n Chicken Soup for the Golden Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Paul J. Meyer, Barbara Russell Chesser, Ph.D., Amy Seeger\n Chicken Soup for the Soul \"The Golf Book\"\n Chicken Soup for the Golfer's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Jeff Aubery, Mark and Chrissy Donnelly (1999)\n Chicken Soup for the Golfer's Soul – The 2nd Round, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Jeff Aubery, Mark and Chrissy Donnelly\n Chicken Soup for the Soul:Grand and Great\n Chicken Soup for the Grandma's Soul: Stories to Honor and Celebrate the Ageless Love of Grandmothers, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Leann Thieman L.P.N.\n Chicken Soup for the Soul to Grandma, with Love, Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen\n Chicken Soup for the Grandparent's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Hanoch McCarty and Meladee McCarty\n Chicken Soup for the Grieving Soul\nChicken Soup for the Soul Grieving and Recovery\n\nH-M\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Happily Ever After\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Here Comes the Bride\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Home Sweet Home\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Hope and Miracles\n Chicken Soup for the Horse Lover's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Marty Becker, D.V.M., Gary Seidler, Peter Vegso and Theresa Peluso\n Chicken Soup for the Horse Lover's Soul II, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Marty Becker, D.V.M., Gary Seidler, and Peter Vegso\n Chicken Soup from the Soul of Hawaii, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Sharon Linnea and Robin Stephens Rohr\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Hooked on Hockey\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: I Can't Believe My Cat Did That\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: I Can't Believe My Dog Did That\n Chicken Soup for the Indian Teenage Soul\n Chicken Soup for the Soul \"Inspiration for the Young at Heart\"\n Chicken Soup to Inspire the Body and Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Dan Millman and Diana von Welanetz Wentworth\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: To Inspire a Woman's Soul\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Inspiration for Nurses, Amy Newmark, LeAnn Thieman\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: It's Christmas\n Chicken Soup for the Jewish Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Rabbi Dov Peretz Elkins (2001)\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: The Joy of Adoption\n Chicken Soup for the Soul \"The Joy of Less\"\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Just Us Girls\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Kids in the Kitchen, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Antonio Frontera\n Chicken Soup for the Kid's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Hansen and Irene Dunlap (1998)\n Chicken Soup for the Kid's Soul 2, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Hansen and Irene Dunlap\n Chicken Soup for the Latino Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Susan Sanchez-Casal\n Chicken Soup for the Latter-day Saint Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Peg Fugal, and Sherm Fugal\n Chicken Soup for the Soul \"The Laughing Soul\" ** Audio only\n Chicken Soup for the Soul:Lemons to Lemonade\n Chicken Soup for the Little Souls, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Lisa McCourt\n Chicken Soup for the Soul \"Like Mother, Like Daughter\"\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Living With Alzheimer's and Other Dementias \n Chicken Soup for the Soul Love Stories: Stories of First Dates, Soul Mates, and Everlasting Love, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, and Peter Vegso\n Chicken Soup for the Soul:Loving Our Dogs\n Chicken Soup for the Soul:The Magic of Mothers and Daughters \n Chicken Soup for the Soul in Menopause, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Dahlynn McKowen\n Chicken Soup for the Soul \"Married Life\"\n Chicken Soup for the Soul \"Merry Christmas\"\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Messages From Heaven\n Chicken Soup for the Military Wife's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Charles Preston and Cindy Pedersen\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Miraculous Messages from Heaven\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Miracles Happen\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Moms and Sons\n Chicken Soup for the Soul to Mom, with Love, Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen\n Chicken Soup for the Mother of Preschooler's Soul, Mark Victor Hansen, Jack Canfield, Maria Nickless and Elisa Morgan\n Chicken Soup for the Mother's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Jennifer Read Hawthorne and Marci Shimoff (1997)\n Chicken Soup for the Mother's Soul 2, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Marci Shimoff and Carol Kline\n Chicken Soup for the Mother and Daughter Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Dorothy Firman, Julie Firman and Frances Firman Salorio\n Chicken Soup for the Mother and Son Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, LeAnn Thieman L.P.N. and Barbara LoMonaco\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: The Multitasking Mom's Survival Guide\n Chicken Soup for the Soul \"My Very Good, Very Bad Cat\"\n Chicken Soup for the Soul \"My Very Good, Very Bad Dog\"\n\nN-P\n Chicken Soup for the NASCAR Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Matthew E. Adams, Jeff Aubery, Kirk Autio\n Chicken Soup for the Nature Lover's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Steve Zikman\n Chicken Soup for the New Mom's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Patty Aubery\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: New Moms\n Chicken Soup for the Network Marketer's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Bill Hyman\n Chicken Soup for the Nurse's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Nancy Mitchell Autio, R.N. & LeAnn Thieman, L.P.N.\n Chicken Soup for the Nurse's Soul: Second Dose, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and LeAnn Thieman L.P.N.\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: O'Canada The Wonders of Winter\n Chicken Soup for the Ocean Lover's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Wyland\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Older and Wiser\n Chicken Soup for the Parent's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Kim Kirberger and Raymond Aaron\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Parenthood\n Chicken Soup for the Preteen Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Hansen and Irene Dunlap\n Chicken Soup for the Preteen Soul 2, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Hansen and Irene Dunlap\n Chicken Soup for the Soul \"Power of Gratitude\"\n Chicken Soup for the Soul \"Power Moms\"\n Chicken Soup for the Pet Lover's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Marty Becker, D.V.M. & Carol Kline (1998)\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: The Power of Forgiveness \n Chicken Soup for the Soul: The Power of Positive\n Chicken Soup for the Prisoner's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Tom Lagana\n\nR-S\n Chicken Soup for the Soul:Reboot Your Life\n Chicken Soup for the Soul:Raising Great Kids\n Chicken Soup for the Soul:Reader's Choice\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: \"Recovering from Traumatic Brain Injuries\"\n Chicken Soup for the Recovering Soul, Robert Ackerman, Peter Vegso, Theresa Peluso and Jack Canfield\n Chicken Soup for the Romantic Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Mark & Chrissy Donnelly, Barbara DeAngelis and Trish Vradenburg\n Chicken Soup for the Scrapbooker's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Allison Connors and Debbie Haas\n Chicken Soup for the Shopper's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Theresa Peluso and Morgan St. James\n Chicken Soup for the Single's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Jennifer Read Hawthorne, Marci Shimoff (1999)\n Chicken Soup for the Single Parent's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Laurie Hartman and Nancy Vogl\n Chicken Soup for the Sister's Soul, Patty Mitchell Aubery, Nancy Mitchell Autio, Heather McNamara, Katy McNamara, Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen\n Chicken Soup for the Sister's Soul 2, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Mitchell Aubery, Kelly Zimmerman\n Chicken Soup for the Sports Fan's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Mark Donnelly, Chrissy Donnelly and Jim Tunney\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Stories for a Better World, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Bradley Winch and Susanna Palomares\nChicken Soup for the Soul The Story Behind the Song\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: For the Surviving Soul\n\nT-W\n Chicken Soup for the Tea-Lover's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Patricia Lorenz\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Teacher Tales\n Chicken Soup for the Teacher's Soul\n Chicken Soup for the Teen's Soul, Mark Victor Hansen, Stephanie H. Meyer, John Meyer and Jack Canfield\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Teens Talking Faith,\n Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul (1997)\n Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul II, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Kimberly Kirberger (1998)\n Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul III (2000)\n Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul IV\n Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul \"Letters\"\n Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul Personal Organizer September 1999 to December 2000\n Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul on Love & Friendship\n Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul on Tough Stuff\n Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul: The Real Deal Challenges, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Deborah Reber\n Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul: The Real Deal Friends, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Deborah Reber\n Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul: The Real Deal School, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Deborah Reber\n Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul: Think Positive, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Amy Newmark\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Thanks Mom\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Thanks to My Mom\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Think Positive\n Chicken Soup for the Soul \"Think Possible\"\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Think Positive for Kids\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Time to Thrive\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Touched By an Angel\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Tough Times Tough People\n Chicken Soup for the Traveler's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Steve Zikman\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: A Tribute to Moms, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Patty Aubery\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: True Love\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Unlocking the Secrets to Living Your Dreams, Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen\n Chicken Soup for the Unsinkable Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Heather McNamara (1999)\n Chicken Soup for the Veteran's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Sidney R. Slagter\n Chicken Soup for the Volunteer's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Arline McGraw Oberst, John T. Boal, Tom Lagana and Laura Lagana\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Volunteering and Giving Back\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: What I Learned From The Dog\n Chicken Soup for the Writer's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Bud Gardner\n Chicken Soup for the Woman's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Jennifer Read Hawthorne (1996)\n Chicken Soup to Inspire a Woman's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Stephanie Marston Marci Shimoff – #1 New York Times Bestseller\n A Second Chicken Soup for the Woman's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Jennifer Hawthorne and Marci Shimoff (1998)\n Chicken Soup for the Soul: Woman to Woman\n Chicken Soup for the Woman Golfer's Soul, Patty Aubery, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Matthew E. Adams\n Chicken Soup for the Soul at Work, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Maida Rogerson and Martin Rutte (1996)\n Chicken Soup for the Working Woman's Soul, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Aubery, and Chrissy & Mark Donnelly\n Life Lessons For Women, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen and Stephanie Marston\n Sopa de Pollo para el Alma de los Padres, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Kimberly Kirberger and Raymond Aaron – in Spanish\n\nExternal links\n List of all the Best Selling Original Chicken Soup for the Soul Books\n Official site\n Patty Aubrey Official site\n\nLists of books" ]

[ "Helloween", "Hansen and Kiske's departures (1989-1993)", "What led to Hansen and Kiske's departures?", "Guitarist Kai Hansen unexpectedly left the band in 1989 soon after the European leg of the Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II tour,", "Why did Kiske leave?", "the conflicts within the rest of the band worsened, with Michael Weikath refusing to work any longer with Michael Kiske. The decision was made to fire Kiske.", "Did Hansen give a reason for leaving?", "due to ill-health, conflicts within the band, troubles with Noise International, and a growing dissatisfaction with life on tour." ]

[ "During the 1949–50 season Juventus Football Club competed in Serie A.\n\nSummary \nThe team clinched its 8th title despite a colossal 1–7 home defeat against Milan with a superb hat-trick of Swedish striker Gunnar Nordahl. The championship was a reward to chairman Gianni Agnelli who built this team buying Danish players unknown at the time. In the summer he transferred in an Argentinian midfielder Rinaldo Martino from San Lorenzo to boost the club performance.\n\nIn this season, Jesse Carver replaced fellow Englishman William Chalmers as head coach of Juventus, and a less rigid and physically demanding training schedule paid off for Hansen. In the club, Hansen had an irreplaceable partner in another Danish player from the 1948 Olympics team, Karl Aage Præst. Præst was a left winger with electric dribbling skills who scattered opponents through the field and produced precise crosses to Hansen, who netted them thanks to his violent and accurate headers. Juventus won the 1949–50 Serie A championship with Hansen scoring 28 goals in 37 games.\n\nSquad \nSource:\n\nCompetitions\n\nSerie A\n\nLeague table\n\nMatches\n\nStatistics\n\nSquad statistics\nSource:\n\nPlayers statistics\n\nAppearances\n36.Alberto Bertuccelli\n8.Romolo Bizzotto\n35.Giampiero Boniperti\n1.Filippo Cavalli\n37.John Hansen\n35.Sergio Manente\n38.Giacomo Mari\n1.Amos Mariani\n33.Rinaldo Martino\n34.Ermes Muccinelli\n35.Carlo Parola\n32.Alberto Piccinini\n37.Karl Aage Præst\n6.Pietro Rava\n3.Ermanno Scaramuzzi\n37.Giovanni Viola\n10.Pasquale Vivolo\n\nGoalscorers\n28.John Hansen\n21.Giampiero Boniperti\n18.Rinaldo Martino\n13.Ermes Muccinelli\n11.Karl Aage Præst\n4.Giacomo Mari\n2.Carlo Parola\n2.Alberto Piccinini\n1.Pasquale Vivolo\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\nJuventus F.C. seasons\nJuventus\nItalian football championship-winning seasons", "Nikolaj Steen Hansen (born 7 April 1987 in Copenhagen, Denmark) is a Danish football defender, who currently plays for FC Helsingør.\n\nCareer \nBefore moving to Frem, Hansen had always played for FCK. His first team début came on 20 September 2006 in a cup match against Thisted FC. He replaced the injured Jacob Neestrup in the 61st minute in the match, which FCK won on penalties.\n\nHis league debut came on 22 October 2006, where he replaced Michael Gravgaard in the 61st minute of the 3–0 win against Viborg FF. He left F.C. Copenhagen at the end of 2008 and joined Frem on 2 February 2009.\n\nHonours\nDanish Superliga: 2006–07\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nDanish national team profile\n\n1987 births\nLiving people\nDanish footballers\nDenmark youth international footballers\nAssociation football central defenders\nF.C. Copenhagen players\nDanish Superliga players\nDanish 1st Division players\nBoldklubben Frem players\nNæstved Boldklub players\nFC Helsingør players\nAssociation football defenders" ]