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[ "Helloween", "Hansen and Kiske's departures (1989-1993)", "What led to Hansen and Kiske's departures?", "Guitarist Kai Hansen unexpectedly left the band in 1989 soon after the European leg of the Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II tour,", "Why did Kiske leave?", "the conflicts within the rest of the band worsened, with Michael Weikath refusing to work any longer with Michael Kiske. The decision was made to fire Kiske.", "Did Hansen give a reason for leaving?", "due to ill-health, conflicts within the band, troubles with Noise International, and a growing dissatisfaction with life on tour.", "Who replaced Hansen?", "Weikath chose his friend Roland Grapow to replace him, including for the rest of the tour." ]

[ "Instant Clarity is the first solo album of vocalist Michael Kiske, formerly of Helloween. The album was released 1996 and features guest appearances by Kai Hansen, formerly of Helloween, Adrian Smith of Iron Maiden, and compositions with Ciriaco Taraxes. \n\nA music video was produced and filmed in New York City for the song Always, which was dedicated to Ingo Schwichtenberg; the former Helloween drummer who committed suicide in 1995. \n\n\"The Calling\" was released as an single-EP in Japan, and \"Always\" was released instead in the UK. Both EPs have the same bonus tracks not available on the album. These tracks were \"Rock'N'Roll Is Dead\" and \"When You're Down On Your Knees That's When You're Closest To Heaven\".\n\nThe album was reissued in 2006 containing four bonus tracks recorded in the sessions for his solo album \"Kiske\" released 2006..\n\nBackground\n\nKiske said about the album 2013: \"I think the 'Instant Clarity' record was rather easy because there was good money support, especially from Japan. Then I had Kai [Hansen] and Adrian Smith (Iron Maiden) there for support. And I was renting a house and we had everything set up there. That was quite fun to do. Then it got difficult afterwards when you don’t reach the sales for certain record companies. You get less money and you have less available production – that makes it more difficult. I actually lost interest, to be honest with you. Looking back now, maybe the Instant Clarity album still had a bit of the…drive of the past, it was still in there. Then I completely lost interest. I was interested in other things. I was studying things, reading books every day. There was this request for another record and I made one, but it wasn’t until 2006 when I got interested again.\"\n\nTrack listing\n\"Be True to Yourself\" (Kiske) - 4:40\n\"The Calling\" (Kiske, Hansen, Adrian Smith) - 4:00\n\"Somebody Somewhere\" (Ciriaco Taraxes, Michael Kiske) - 4:39\n\"Burned Out\" (Taraxes) - 4:44\n\"New Horizons\" (Smith, Kiske, Kai Hansen) - 4:25\n\"Hunted\" (Kiske, Taraxes) - 4:25\n\"Always\" (Kiske) - 4:15\n\"Thanx a Lot!\" (Kiske) - 5:25\n\"Time's Passing By\" (Kay Rudi Wolke, Taraxes) - 3:46\n\"So Sick\" (Kiske) - 4:30\n\"Do I Remember a Life?\" (Kiske, Taraxes) - 10:20\n\"A Song Is Just a Moment\" (Kiske) [japanese bonus track] - 4:20\n\"I Don't Deserve Love\" (Kiske) [bonus track] - 4:40\n\"Sacred Grounds\" (Kiske) [bonus track] - 4:05\n\"Can't Tell\" (Kiske) [bonus track] - 3:22\n\nTracks 13-15 appear on the 2006 reissue only. These tracks were recorded at the sessions for the 'Kiske' solo album released 2006.\n\nCredits\nBand members\n Michael Kiske – vocals, guitar, keyboards, sound effects\n Ciriaco Taraxes – guitar\n Jens Mencl – bass guitar\n Kay Rudi Wolke – drums, guitar on 9\n\nGuest musicians\n Kai Hansen – guitar on 1,2,5 and 8\n Adrian Smith – guitar on 2,5 and 6\n Norbert Krietemeyer – flute\n\nReferences\n\n1996 albums\nMichael Kiske albums", "SupaRed is an album by SupaRed, a band led by ex-Helloween vocalist Michael Kiske. It was released on Helloween's former record label Noise Records.\n\nBackground\nKiske both produced and mixed the album by himself. The album was recorded in Kiskes own studio. It was a songwriting process and then the band members gradually recorded it. The guitars were recorded live at times.\n\nHe said in 2003: \"Rock music as such is just a band story. With the solo albums I just had a lot to do with myself, had to sort and redefine a lot. At that point it was just fine to do solo records, but rock music is not for solo artists.\"\n\nKiske wanted a name that cannot be defined immediately, that has no special meaning, but just sounded good. Translated, it actually means nothing, except strong red.\n\nHe also said 2003: \"I think it's unfair to compare Supared to Helloween, I know that people will compare it no matter what I think of it. It goes with the territory. You can't really compare the music, because it's an entirely different band.\"\n\nSandro Giampietro played guitar on Kiske's solo works Kiske (2006) and \"Past In Different Ways\" (2008), and was a co-songwriter for Unisonic on the songs \"Blood\" and \"Manhunter\" on the album \"Light of Dawn\" (2014).\n\nTrack listing\n \"Reconsider\" - 4:12\n \"Can I Know Now?\" - 4:46\n \"Let's Be Heroes\" - 4:16\n \"He Pretends\" - 3:56\n \"Freak-Away\" - 3:46\n \"Hey\" - 4:55\n \"Boiling Points Of No Reburn\" - 4:00\n \"Ride On\" - 5:00\n \"Hackneyed\" - 3:33\n \"That's Why\" - 3:00\n \"A Bit Of Her\" - 4:02\n \"Overrated\" - 3:33\n \"Dancers Bug\" - 2:34\n \"Turn It\" - 3:24\nAll songs are written by Kiske. Except 1. Kiske/Taraxes, and 10. Kiske/Giampietro.\n\nCredits\n\nBand members\n Michael Kiske – vocals, guitar, keyboard\n Sandro Giampietro – guitars\n Aldo Harms – Bass\n Jurgen Spiegel – drums\n\nReferences\n\n2003 albums\nMichael Kiske albums\nNoise Records albums\nSanctuary Records albums" ]

[ "Helloween", "Hansen and Kiske's departures (1989-1993)", "What led to Hansen and Kiske's departures?", "Guitarist Kai Hansen unexpectedly left the band in 1989 soon after the European leg of the Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II tour,", "Why did Kiske leave?", "the conflicts within the rest of the band worsened, with Michael Weikath refusing to work any longer with Michael Kiske. The decision was made to fire Kiske.", "Did Hansen give a reason for leaving?", "due to ill-health, conflicts within the band, troubles with Noise International, and a growing dissatisfaction with life on tour.", "Who replaced Hansen?", "Weikath chose his friend Roland Grapow to replace him, including for the rest of the tour.", "Who replaced Kiske?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Helloween", "Hansen and Kiske's departures (1989-1993)", "What led to Hansen and Kiske's departures?", "Guitarist Kai Hansen unexpectedly left the band in 1989 soon after the European leg of the Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II tour,", "Why did Kiske leave?", "the conflicts within the rest of the band worsened, with Michael Weikath refusing to work any longer with Michael Kiske. The decision was made to fire Kiske.", "Did Hansen give a reason for leaving?", "due to ill-health, conflicts within the band, troubles with Noise International, and a growing dissatisfaction with life on tour.", "Who replaced Hansen?", "Weikath chose his friend Roland Grapow to replace him, including for the rest of the tour.", "Who replaced Kiske?", "I don't know.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "1993 would come to a close for Helloween with no singer, no drummer, and no record contract" ]

[ "Rock Star Ate My Hamster is a management strategy computer game developed by Codemasters in 1988 and originally released on their full-price Gold label for the Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Amiga and Atari ST. The game was written by Colin Jones, later to become known as author/publisher Colin Bradshaw-Jones.\n\nThe name of the game was inspired by a 1986 Sun newspaper headline - 'Freddie Starr ate my hamster'.\n\nSynopsis \nDesperate to get out of the circus theatrics business, Cecil Pitt and his sidekick, Clive, turn to the world of Rock music Management with the help of a £50,000 inheritance.\n\nObjective \nTo win the game, one must select a band, record an album and earn 4 gold discs within the space of a year. If the player fails to meet this target, goes bankrupt or has no musicians left, the game is over.\n\nGameplay \nThe game is almost entirely menu-driven with options that allow the player to decide what the band does next.\n\nThe player's first task as manager is to pick musicians for the band (see below), and then decide whether they should buy them brand-new equipment, second-hand equipment or get some dodgy gear off the back of a lorry. \n\nOnce in the main game, the options presented are as follows:\n Practice - Lock the band away for up to 5 days so they can practice. The music of the band is also presented, gradually increasing from atonal noise to actual music. (Songs are generated on the fly by the software.)\n Gig - Go on tour. This is the primary source of moneymaking in the game.\n Publicity - Organise a publicity stunt that can make the band more famous, but can also trigger events that kill a band member.\n Gifts - Buy the band some gifts to keep them sweet, otherwise they may make some rather costly ultimatums.\n Record - Once the band gets a recording contract, this option appears and allows them to record an album.\n Release - Once the album's recorded, this option releases it along with any singles.\n\nAlong the way, the player also has to decide:\n Whether or not to play a charity gig. Some of the charities that contact the band are real and others fake. The band could end up with negative publicity if they ignore a genuine charity or get duped by a bogus one.\n Whether or not to accept a sponsorship deal.\n To shoot a Music video and who will direct it, the location and the theme of this project. The player has the options to select from a range of choices, each with a cost value. Expensive directors and locations or less costly ones. As with the parodical nature of the game director names lampoon real-life directors. A selection choice of a high level (most expensive) director is named Steven Cheeseburger (Steven Spielberg). There are many others fitting with the theme of recognizable but legally distinct names.\n Which recording contract is best for the player's band.\n What to do if a little organisation in Korea is bootlegging his or her records. Players have to decide if they should do nothing, sue them, buy them out or \"send in the boys\".\n\nReleasing an album or single makes them eligible for the charts. A Top 10 Singles & Albums charts (depending on what players have released) gets displayed on screen every Sunday. The other bands in the Top 10 are also parodies of other rock bands.\n\nMusicians \nAt the outset, the player can choose to hire up to four musicians to make up the band. The musicians are parodies of contemporary pop music stars. Their weekly wage depends on their abilities and their fame, ranging from £30,000 for \"Bill Collins\" down to just £50 for \"Sidney Sparkle\".\n\n'80s Pop Stars\n\nLegends\n\nRockers\n\nControversy\nThe game is heavy on parody on existing people and names, which wasn't well-received across the board: according to Jones, \"an irate parent had taken objection to one of the jokes in the spoof newspaper included in the box and WHSmith pulled the game from their shelves\".\n\nNotes and references \nAll the information above was taken from either the actual gameplay, the game manual and/or packaging.\n\nExternal links\nScrewAttack.com's Humorous Retro Video Feature on Rockstar ate my Hamster \nRockstar Ate My Hamster at SnakeBecomesTheKey\n\n1988 video games\nAmstrad CPC games\nAmiga games\nAtari ST games\nCodemasters games\nCommodore 64 games\nEurope-exclusive video games\nMusic management games\nStrategy video games\nVideo games scored by Allister Brimble\nVideo games developed in the United Kingdom\nZX Spectrum games\nParody video games\nSingle-player video games", "Sack is a five-piece Irish band, based in Dublin. To date the band has released three albums: You Are What You Eat, Butterfly Effect and Adventura Majestica. The band formed after the demise of Lord John White.\n\nTheir first single \"What Did The Christians Ever Do For Us?\" was single of the week in both the NME and Melody Maker. They have supported Morrissey on several world tours taking in mainland Europe, North America, and the UK. Sack have also supported the likes of The Fall, Boo Radleys among others. They have gigged sporadically in recent years and are planning to record new material.\n\nThe band appeared on the Morrissey-endorsed NME CD Songs to Save Your Life, while \"Laughter Lines\" appeared on the soundtrack to the movie Carrie 2: The Rage.\n\nCurrent members\nMartin McCann: lead vocals\nJohn Brereton: guitars\nTony Brereton: drums, backing vocals\nKen Haughton: guitars\nDerek Lee: bass\n\nDiscography\nAlbums \n\n You Are What You Eat (1994) Lemon Records\n Butterfly Effect (1997) Dirt Records\n Adventura Majestica (2001) Jetset Junta Records\n\nSingles \n\n Dilettanti (1993)\n Indian Rope Trick. (1993)\n What Did The Christians Ever Do For Us (1994)\n Latitude (1997)\n Laughter Lines (1998)\n What a Way to Live (2021)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOfficial site\n\nIrish rock music groups\nMusical groups from Dublin (city)\nMusical groups established in 1994" ]

[ "Helloween", "Hansen and Kiske's departures (1989-1993)", "What led to Hansen and Kiske's departures?", "Guitarist Kai Hansen unexpectedly left the band in 1989 soon after the European leg of the Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II tour,", "Why did Kiske leave?", "the conflicts within the rest of the band worsened, with Michael Weikath refusing to work any longer with Michael Kiske. The decision was made to fire Kiske.", "Did Hansen give a reason for leaving?", "due to ill-health, conflicts within the band, troubles with Noise International, and a growing dissatisfaction with life on tour.", "Who replaced Hansen?", "Weikath chose his friend Roland Grapow to replace him, including for the rest of the tour.", "Who replaced Kiske?", "I don't know.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "1993 would come to a close for Helloween with no singer, no drummer, and no record contract", "What did the band decide to do then?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Sack is a five-piece Irish band, based in Dublin. To date the band has released three albums: You Are What You Eat, Butterfly Effect and Adventura Majestica. The band formed after the demise of Lord John White.\n\nTheir first single \"What Did The Christians Ever Do For Us?\" was single of the week in both the NME and Melody Maker. They have supported Morrissey on several world tours taking in mainland Europe, North America, and the UK. Sack have also supported the likes of The Fall, Boo Radleys among others. They have gigged sporadically in recent years and are planning to record new material.\n\nThe band appeared on the Morrissey-endorsed NME CD Songs to Save Your Life, while \"Laughter Lines\" appeared on the soundtrack to the movie Carrie 2: The Rage.\n\nCurrent members\nMartin McCann: lead vocals\nJohn Brereton: guitars\nTony Brereton: drums, backing vocals\nKen Haughton: guitars\nDerek Lee: bass\n\nDiscography\nAlbums \n\n You Are What You Eat (1994) Lemon Records\n Butterfly Effect (1997) Dirt Records\n Adventura Majestica (2001) Jetset Junta Records\n\nSingles \n\n Dilettanti (1993)\n Indian Rope Trick. (1993)\n What Did The Christians Ever Do For Us (1994)\n Latitude (1997)\n Laughter Lines (1998)\n What a Way to Live (2021)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOfficial site\n\nIrish rock music groups\nMusical groups from Dublin (city)\nMusical groups established in 1994", "Ist der Ruf erst ruiniert... is the third studio album by German all-female pop-rap band Tic Tac Toe, released in 2000 by RCA Records. The title comes from a German proverb \"Ist der Ruf erst ruiniert, lebt es sich ganz ungeniert\" which means \"Once the reputation is ruined, you can live completely free\". The material was again composed and produced by Torsten Börger.\n\nThe album was released after the original member Ricarda \"Ricky\" Wältken left the band amid controversies and conflicts with other bandmates, being subsequently replaced by Sara Brahms. It spawned three singles, of which only one, \"Isch liebe disch\", achieved moderate chart success internationally. The album did not sell as well as its predecessors and one year after its release the band entered a hiatus.\n\nTrack listing\n\nCharts\n\nReferences \n\n2000 albums\nGerman-language albums\nTic Tac Toe (band) albums" ]

[ "Widespread Panic", "1981-1995: Early years and rise to national attention" ]

[ "Media panic is emotional criticism against a new medium or media technology such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, computer games or social media. Media panic has a long history. At the end of the 18th century, print media were the subject of strong criticism in Great Britain for \"the poison continually flowing thro' the channel of vulgar and licentious publications\".\n\nThe Danish media scholar Kirsten Drotner defines media panic in the following way:\nIn some cases, debate of a new medium brings about - indeed changes into - heated, emotional reactions: in that case we have to do with what may be defined as a media panic. It may be considered a specification of the wider concept of moral panic, and it has some basic characteristics: the media is both instigator and purveyor of the discussion; the discussion is highly emotionally charged and morally polarised (the medium is either \"good\" or \"bad\") with the negative pole being the most visible in most cases; the discussion is an adult discussion that primarily focuses on children and young; the proponents often have professional stakes in the subject under discussion as teachers, librarians, cultural critics or academic scholars; the discussion, like a classic narrative, has three phases: a beginning often catapulted by a single case, a peak involving some kind of public or professional intervention, and an end (or fading-out phase) denoting a seeming resolution to the perceived problems in question.\n\nMedia panic may be considered a form of moral panic applied to new media.\n\nSee also\n Alarmism\n Sensationalism\n\nReferences \n\nCrowd psychology\nMass media issues", "Dirty Side Down is the eleventh studio album by the Athens, Georgia-based band Widespread Panic. The album signaled the return of John Keane as Producer and was recorded in the band's hometown of Athens, Georgia, in contrast to the previous two albums produced by Terry Manning at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas. It is the fourth album released after the death of Michael Houser and the first for ATO Records\n\nSongs on the album range from road-tested classics like Jerry Joseph's classic North, Clinic Cynic - one of the few songs where Todd Nance sings lead vocals, and Visiting Day to new originals like Saint Ex, Shut Up and Drive and Cotton Was King. Also included is This Cruel Thing the latest in a long line of Vic Chesnutt covers released by the band, and True to My Nature a collaboration with Daniel Hutchens of Bloodkin.\n\nWidespread Panic’s John Bell on “Saint Ex”: My wife Laura and I are great fans of The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. It’s thought of as a children’s book but conveys some pretty heavy messages on many levels. A couple of years ago, my father sent me a New York Times article about an eighty-five-year-old German World War II pilot who realized he was the guy that shot down Saint Ex (a French pilot) in 1944. The plane Saint-Exupéry was flying had been identified in 2004, ending the sixty-year-old mystery surrounding the author’s disappearance. Both pilots were on simple reconnaissance missions, and it was kind of a fluke that they happened upon each other. What I found intriguing about the situation is that the German pilot said Saint-Exupéry was one of his favorite authors, and claimed if he was aware of who was flying the French aircraft, he wouldn't have opened fire. I began reading more of Saint-Exupéry's works, and even though they’re translations, his insights about “Life During Wartime” are really profound and heartfelt – simultaneously caring about all humanity, while feeling compelled to fight for his country. Anyway, that’s what the song is about.\n\nThis is the last Widespread Panic album to feature their original drummer Todd Nance.\n\nCommercial performance\nDirty Side Down debuted at No. 27 on the Billboard 200, and No. 6 on Top Rock Albums, selling 13,000 copies on the first week of its release. The album has sold 72,000 copies in the United States as of September 2015.\n\nTrack listing\n\"Saint Ex\" (Widespread Panic) 6:47\n\"North\" (Jerry Joseph) 5:42\n\"Dirty Side Down\" (Widespread Panic) 3:57\n\"This Cruel Thing\" (Vic Chesnutt) 4:30\n\"Visiting Day\" (Widespread Panic) 5:27\n\"Clinic Cynic\" (Widespread Panic) 4:35\n\"St. Louis\" (Widespread Panic) 2:52\n\"Shut Up and Drive\" (Widespread Panic) 6:44\n\"True to My Nature\" (Daniel Hutchens / Widespread Panic) 4:54\n\"When You Coming Home\" (Widespread Panic) 5:37\n\"Jaded Tourist\" (Bill Elder / Widespread Panic) 4:28\n\"Cotton Was King\" (Widespread Panic) 5:52\n\nPersonnel\nWidespread Panic\nJohn Bell – vocals, guitar\nJohn Hermann – keyboards, vocals\nJimmy Herring – lead guitar\nTodd Nance – drums, vocals\nDomingo S. Ortiz – percussion\nDave Schools – bass, vocals\n\nGuest performers\nJohn Keane – pedal steel and acoustic guitar\n\nPersonnel\nJohn Keane – Producer, Engineer, Mastering\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nWidespread Panic website\n\n2010 albums\nWidespread Panic albums\nAlbums produced by John Keane (record producer)\nATO Records albums" ]

[ "Widespread Panic", "1981-1995: Early years and rise to national attention", "What year did the panic end?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Article 123 of the European Patent Convention (EPC) relates to the amendments under the EPC, i.e. the amendments to a European patent application or patent, and notably the conditions under which they are allowable. In particular, prohibits adding subject-matter beyond the content of the application as filed, while prohibits an extension of the scope of protection by amendment after grant.\n\nBackground \nThe EPC provides that an applicant may in principle amend the documents constituting their European patent application after filing, as it is considered that the applicant may not have a full picture of the prior art at the time when the application is drafted and filed with the EPO.\n\nArticle 123(1) EPC \nArticle 123(1) EPC provides the right for an applicant, in proceedings before the European Patent Office (EPO), to amend its European patent application and for a patent proprietor (during opposition proceedings) the right to amend its European patent. This must however be done in accordance with the Implementing Regulations, considering that the applicant is given \"at least one opportunity to amend the application of his own volition.\" According to the Implementing Regulations, amendments before receiving the (extended) European search report are generally not allowed. Amendments are allowed in response to the extended European search report (i.e., in response to the communication under ) and amendments are also allowed shortly after entry into European phase of a PCT application (namely, in response to the communication under ). Then, any further amendment is subject to the consent of the Examining Division.\n\nArticle 123(2) EPC \nArticle 123(2) EPC provides that a European patent application, or European patent, may not be amended (both before and after grant) in such a way that it contains subject-matter which extends beyond the content of the application as filed. In other words, an amendment cannot go beyond the original disclosure of the application. The amended subject-matter must be directly and unambiguously derivable (i.e., clearly and unambiguously derivable) from the content of the application as filed. \"The underlying idea of Art. 123(2) EPC is that an applicant should not be allowed to improve his position by adding subject-matter not disclosed in the application as filed, which would give him an unwarranted advantage and could be damaging to the legal security of third parties relying on the content of the original application (...).\" This legal provision illustrates the importance accorded by the Convention to the content of a European patent application as filed –i.e. on the filing date– in respect of its legal effects.\n\nThe provisions of Article 123(2) EPC do not concern whether amendments have introduced an expression not present in the application as filed, but whether the amendments have introduced subject-matter extending beyond the content of the application as filed. In other words, the only relevant question is whether the skilled person is confronted, in the amended version of the application or the patent, with additional technical information compared to the technical information contained in the application as filed. If so, Article 123(2) EPC is violated.\n\nAn extension of the subject-matter of the European patent beyond the content of the application as filed is a ground of opposition, and revocation.\n\nStandard of proof\nWhen assessing the content of a European patent application as filed, the applicable standard of proof is a rigorous standard, namely the certainty \"beyond reasonable doubt\" rather than the \"balance of probabilities\", the normal standard of proof in civil proceedings.\n\nSpecific types of amendments\n\nDisclaimers\nA disclaimer defines, in a claim, subject-matter which is not claimed. By extension, a disclaimer may also mean the action of introduction a negative limitation in a claim, i.e. \"an amendment to a claim resulting in the incorporation therein of a \"negative\" technical feature, typically excluding from a general feature specific embodiments or areas\". The allowability of disclaimers is subject to particular conditions.\n\nUnder the case law of the Boards of Appeal of the EPO, disclaimers are allowed only in certain circumstances, as confirmed in G 1/03 and G 2/03 decisions:\n\nIn decision G 2/10, the Enlarged Board of Appeal further decided that:\n\nTherefore, in G 2/10, the Enlarged Board of Appeal has essentially restored the possibility for an applicant or patentee to renounce part of its patent monopoly, subject to certain conditions.\n\nArticle 123(3) EPC\nArticle 123(3) EPC prohibits, after grant, amendments extending the protection conferred by a European patent. It is for instance \"not allowable to replace a technical feature of a granted claim with another technical feature which causes the claim to extend to subject-matter which was not encompassed by the granted claim.\" \"Article 123(3) EPC is directly aimed at protecting the interests of third parties by prohibiting any broadening of the claims of a granted patent, even if there should be a basis for such broadening in the application as filed.\" While, before grant, the legal security of third parties has been considered to be \"sufficiently protected by the prohibition of extending the content of the application by amendment beyond what was originally disclosed\", without therefore prohibiting a broadening of the claims before grant, the situation is different after grant. After grant, \"the interests of third parties are further protected by Article 123(3) EPC [in that] the patentee's right to amend the claims is limited by the scope of the granted patent.\"\n\nAccording to Enlarged Board of Appeal decision G 2/88, \"it is the totality of the claims before amendment in comparison with the totality of the claims after the proposed amendment that has to be considered\". If for instance the subject-matter of the claims is changed during opposition proceedings to a different embodiment and if, thereby, the scope of protection of the claims has been extended, the amendment, or change, is contrary to Article 123(3) EPC.\n\nInescapable Article 123(2) and (3) EPC trap\nAccording to the case law of the Boards of Appeal, if a European patent contains a feature that was not disclosed in the application as filed (in contravention of Article 123(2) EPC) and if the removal of this feature would extend the scope of protection beyond the scope conferred by the patent as granted (in contravention of Article 123(3) EPC), the European patent has, in principle, to be revoked. In principle again, it does not matter whether the amendment leading to such a situation may have been approved during prosecution by the Examining Division, since the responsibility for any amendment always lies with the applicant.\n\nThe German Federal Court of Justice (BGH) has adopted a different solution to this problem, allowing patentees to avoid the trap altogether: the so-called \"footnote solution\". The limiting feature, which was not originally disclosed in the application as filed, can stay in the claim and will limit the scope of protection, but is ignored for assessing patentability.\n\nCorrection of errors (Rule 139 EPC)\n relates to a specific form of amendments, namely corrections of errors in documents filed with the EPO. Rule 139 EPC contains two sentences, the first one providing for that, in general, \"[l]inguistic errors, errors of transcription and mistakes in any document filed with the European Patent Office may be corrected on request\", and the second stating that when the requested correction relates to the parts of a patent application or patent relating to the disclosure of the invention, i.e. the description, claims or drawings, \"the correction must be obvious in the sense that it is immediately evident that nothing else would have been intended than what is offered as the correction.\"\n\nSee also\n G 1/03 and G 2/03 (relating to disclaimers)\n G 1/05 and G 1/06 (relating to divisional patent applications)\n Intermediate generalisation\n\nReferences\n\nFurther resources\n\nExternal links \n : \"Amendments\"\n : \"Amendment of the European patent application\"\n : \"Amendment of the European patent\"\n : \"Amendments and Corrections\"\n : \"Amendments\"\n\nEuropean Patent Organisation", "Territorial nexus is a concept described in Article 245 of the Constitution of India that determines how legislative powers are divided.\n\nArticle 245 provides, inter alia, that (subject to the provisions of the Constitution).\n\nThus, the article 245 sets out the limits of the legislative powers of the Union and the States from the geographical (or territorial) angle. From the point of view of the subject matter of legislation, it is article 246 which is important. Article 246 reads as under:\n\nLeading cases\n Tata Iron and Steel Company vs. Bihar State (AIR 1958 SC 452)\n State of Bihar Vs. Sm. Charusila Dasi (AIR 1959 SC 1002)\n The State Of Bombay vs R. M. D. Chamarbaugwala (1957 AIR 699, 1957 SCR 874)\n\nReferences\n\n1949 in law\n \nIndian documents\nTax law" ]

[ "Widespread Panic", "1981-1995: Early years and rise to national attention", "What year did the panic end?", "I don't know.", "What is subject of this article?", "John Bell and Michael Houser met in 1981 in their dorm at the University of Georgia." ]

[ "Future house is a house music genre that emerged in the 2010s in the United Kingdom, described as a fusion of deep house, UK garage and incorporating other elements and techniques of other EDM genres. It is high in energy, generally consisting of big drops, 4/4 beats and is sonically bass heavy.\n\nEtymology\nThe term \"future house\" was coined by French DJ Tchami and was first used to categorise his 2013 remix of \"Go Deep\" on SoundCloud. Tchami used the term without considering it a genre saying in a 2015 interview \"Future house was meant to be 'any kind of house music that hasn't been invented yet,' so I never considered it as a genre. I guess people made it what it is because my music was specific and leading to build a bridge between house and EDM, which isn't a bad thing\". Later, in 2016, the popular online music store for DJs Beatport added Future house as one of three new genre tags. The genre has been credited as also being pioneered by Oliver Heldens and Don Diablo.\n\nCharacteristics\nFuture house is a subgenre of house music. Songs within the genre are normally characterized by a muted melody with a metallic, elastic-sounding drop and frequency-modulated basslines. The most common tempo is 126 and 128 BPM, but it can vary around the 120–130 mark.\n\nPopularity\nOliver Heldens' international chart successes \"Gecko (Overdrive)\" and \"Last All Night (Koala)\" brought the genre to wider mainstream recognition in 2014, leading to minor feuds between him and Tchami on social media. Artists such as Martin Solveig, GTA and Liam Payne have since incorporated the sound into their work, leading some commentators to observe the commercialization of the style.\n\nSee also\n\n List of electronic music genres\n Styles of house music\n\nReferences\n\nHouse music genres\n2010s in music\nElectronic dance music genres\nEnglish styles of music\nUK garage", "A music genre is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions. It is to be distinguished from musical form and musical style, although in practice these terms are sometimes used interchangeably.\n\nMusic can be divided into genres in varying ways, such as popular music and art music, or religious music and secular music. The artistic nature of music means that these classifications are often subjective and controversial, and some genres may overlap.\n\nDefinitions\nIn 1965, Douglass M. Green distinguishes between genre and form in his book Form in Tonal Music. He lists madrigal, motet, canzona, ricercar, and dance as examples of genres from the Renaissance period. To further clarify the meaning of genre, Green writes \"Beethoven's Op. 61\" and \"Mendelssohn's Op. 64 \". He explains that both are identical in genre and are violin concertos that have different form. However, Mozart's Rondo for Piano, K. 511, and the Agnus Dei from his Mass, K. 317, are quite different in genre but happen to be similar in form.\" \n\nIn 1982, Franco Fabbri proposed a definition of musical genre that is now considered to be normative: \"musical genre is a set of musical events (real or possible) whose course is governed by a definite set of socially accepted rules\", where a musical event be defined as \"any type of activity performed around any type of event involving sound\". \n\nA music genre or subgenre may be defined by the musical techniques, the cultural context, and the content and spirit of the themes. Geographical origin is sometimes used to identify a music genre, though a single geographical category will often include a wide variety of subgenres. Timothy Laurie argues that, since the early 1980s, \"genre has graduated from being a subset of popular music studies to being an almost ubiquitous framework for constituting and evaluating musical research objects\". \n\nThe term genre is generally defined similarly by many authors and musicologists, while the related term style has different interpretations and definitions. Some, like Peter van der Merwe, treat the terms genre and style as the same, saying that genre should be defined as pieces of music that share a certain style or \"basic musical language\". Others, such as Allan F. Moore, state that genre and style are two separate terms, and that secondary characteristics such as subject matter can also differentiate between genres.\n\nSubtypes \nA subgenre is a subordinate within a genre. In music terms, it is a subcategory of a musical genre that adopts its basic characteristics, but also has its own set of characteristics that clearly distinguish and set it apart within the genre. A subgenre is also often being referred to as a style of the genre. The proliferation of popular music in the 20th century has led to over 1,200 definable subgenres of music.\n\nA musical composition may be situated in the intersection of two or more genres, sharing characteristics of every parent genre and therefore belong to each genre of these at the same time, such subgenres are known as fusion genres. Examples of fusion genres include jazz fusion, which is a fusion of jazz and rock music, and country rock which is a fusion of country music and rock music.\n\nA microgenre is a niche genre, as well as a subcategory within major genres or their subgenres.\n\nCategorization and emergence of new genres \nThe genealogy of musical genres expresses, often in the form of a written chart, how new genres have developed under the influence of older ones. New genres of music can arise through the development of new styles of music; in addition to simply creating a new categorization. Although it is conceivable to create a musical style with no relation to existing genres, new styles usually appear under the influence of pre-existing genres.\n\nMusicologists have sometimes classified music according to a trichotomous distinction such as Philip Tagg's \"axiomatic triangle consisting of 'folk', 'art' and 'popular' musics\". He explains that each of these three is distinguishable from the others according to certain criteria.\n\nAutomatic recognition of genres \n\nAutomatic methods of musical similarity detection, based on data mining and co-occurrence analysis, have been developed to classify music titles for electronic music distribution.\n\nGlenn McDonald, the employee of The Echo Nest, music intelligence and data platform, owned by Spotify, has created a categorical perception spectrum of genres and subgenres based on \"an algorithmically-generated, readability-adjusted scatter-plot of the musical genre-space, based on data tracked and analyzed for 5,315 genre-shaped distinctions by Spotify\" called Every Noise at Once.\n\nAlternative approaches \nAlternatively, music can be assessed on the three dimensions of \"arousal\", \"valence\", and \"depth\". Arousal reflects physiological processes such as stimulation and relaxation (intense, forceful, abrasive, thrilling vs. gentle, calming, mellow), valence reflects emotion and mood processes (fun, happy, lively, enthusiastic, joyful vs. depressing, sad), and depth reflects cognitive processes (intelligent, sophisticated, inspiring, complex, poetic, deep, emotional, thoughtful vs. party music, danceable). These help explain why many people like similar songs from different traditionally segregated genres.\n\nStarting from the end of 1970s, Vincenzo Caporaletti has proposed a more comprehensive distinction of music genres based on the \"formative medium\" with which a music is created, that is the creative interface (cognitive milieu) employed by the artist. Following this framework, formative media may belong to two different matrixes: visual or audiotactile with regards to the role played in the creative process by the visual rationality or the bodily sensitivity and embodied cognition. The theory developed by Caporaletti, named Audiotactile Music Theory, categorises music in three different branches: 1) written music, like the so-called classical music, that is created using the visual matrix; 2) oral music (like folk music or ethnic music before the advent of sound recoring technologies); 3) Audiotactile music, which are process of production and trasmission is pivoted around sound recording technologies (for example jazz, pop, rock, rap and so on). These last two branches are created by means of the above-mentioned audiotactile matrix in which the formative medium is the Audiotactile Principle.\n\nMajor music genres\n\nArt music\n\nArt music primarily includes classical traditions, including both contemporary and historical classical music forms. Art music exists in many parts of the world. It emphasizes formal styles that invite technical and detailed deconstruction and criticism, and demand focused attention from the listener. In Western practice, art music is considered primarily a written musical tradition, preserved in some form of music notation rather than being transmitted orally, by rote, or in recordings, as popular and traditional music usually are. Historically, most western art music has been written down using the standard forms of music notation that evolved in Europe, beginning well before the Renaissance and reaching its maturity in the Romantic period.\n\nThe identity of a \"work\" or \"piece\" of art music is usually defined by the notated version rather than by a particular performance and is primarily associated with the composer rather than the performer (though composers may leave performers with some opportunity for interpretation or improvisation). This is so particularly in the case of western classical music. Art music may include certain forms of jazz, though some feel that jazz is primarily a form of popular music. The 1960s saw a wave of avant-garde experimentation in free jazz, represented by artists such as Ornette Coleman, Sun Ra, Albert Ayler, Archie Shepp and Don Cherry. Additionally, avant-garde rock artists such as Frank Zappa, Captain Beefheart, and The Residents released art music albums.\n\nPopular music\n\nPopular music is any musical style accessible to the general public and disseminated by the mass media. Musicologist and popular music specialist Philip Tagg defined the notion in the light of sociocultural and economical aspects:\n\nPopular music, unlike art music, is (1) conceived for mass distribution to large and often socioculturally heterogeneous groups of listeners, (2) stored and distributed in non-written form, (3) only possible in an industrial monetary economy where it becomes a commodity and (4) in capitalist societies, subject to the laws of 'free' enterprise ... it should ideally sell as much as possible.\n\nPopular music is found on most commercial and public service radio stations, in most commercial music retailers and department stores, and movie and television soundtracks. It is noted on the Billboard charts and, in addition to singer-songwriters and composers, it involves music producers more than other genres do.\n\nThe distinction between classical and popular music has sometimes been blurred in marginal areas such as minimalist music and light classics. Background music for films/movies often draws on both traditions. In this respect, music is like fiction, which likewise draws a distinction between literary fiction and popular fiction that is not always precise.\n\nCountry music\n\nCountry music, also known as country and western (or simply country) and hillbilly music, is a genre of popular music that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.\n\nElectronic music\n\nElectronic music is music that employs electronic musical instruments, digital instruments, or circuitry-based music technology in its creation. Contemporary electronic music includes many varieties and ranges from experimental art music to popular forms such as electronic dance music (EDM).\n\nFunk\n\nFunk is a music genre that originated in African American communities in the mid-1960s when musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B).\n\nHip hop music \n\nHip Hop music, also referred to as hip hop or rap music, is a genre of music that was started in the United States, specifically the South Bronx in the New York City by African-American youth from the inner cities during the 1970s. It can be broadly defined as a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted. Hip hop music derives from the hip hop culture itself, including four key elements: emceeing (MCing)/rapping, Disc jockeying (DJing) with turntablism, breakdancing and graffiti art.\n\nJazz \n\nJazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime.\n\nLatin music\n\nPop music\n\nPop is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form during the mid-1950s in the United States and the United Kingdom. The terms popular music and pop music are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many disparate styles.\n\nPunk\n\nThe aggressiveness of the musical and performative style, based on structural simplicity and the vigorous rhythms of rock'n'roll style, reinforced the challenging and provocative character, within the universe of modern music.\n\nReggae \n\nReggae music, originating from the late 1960s Jamaica, is a genre of music that was originally used by Jamaicans to define themselves with their lifestyle and social aspects. The meaning behind reggae songs tend to be about love, faith or a higher power, and freedom. Reggae music is important to Jamaican culture as it has been used as inspiration for many third world liberation movements. Bob Marley, an artist primarily known for reggae music, was honored by Zimbabwe's 1980 Independence celebration due to his music giving inspirations to freedom fighters. The music genre of reggae is known to incorporate stylistic techniques from rhythm and blues, jazz, African, Caribbean, and other genres as well but what makes reggae unique are the vocals and lyrics. The vocals tend to be sung in Jamaican Patois, Jamaican English, and Iyaric dialects. The lyrics of reggae music usually tend to raise political awareness and on cultural perspectives.\n\nRock music\n\nRock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s, developing into a range of different styles in the mid-1960s and later, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom.\n\nMetal music \n\nHeavy metal evolved from hard rock, psychedelic rock, and blues rock in 1980s, and became a rougher style than the rock music. Notable subgenres include thrash metal, death metal, power metal, and black metal.\n\nSoul music and R&B \n\nSoul music became a musical genre that came to include a wide variety of R&B-based music styles from the pop R&B acts at Motown Records in Detroit, such as The Temptations, Gladys Knight & the Pips, Marvin Gaye and Four Tops, to \"deep soul\" singers such as Percy Sledge and James Carr.\n\nPolka\n\nThe polka is originally a Czech dance and genre of dance music familiar throughout Europe and the Americas.\n\nReligious music\n\nReligious music (also sacred music) is music performed or composed for religious use or through religious influence. Gospel, spiritual, and Christian music are examples of religious music.\n\nTraditional and folk music \n\nTraditional and folk music are very similar categories. Although the traditional music is a very broad category and can include several genres, it is widely accepted that traditional music encompasses folk music. According to the ICTM (International Council for Traditional Music), traditional music are songs and tunes that have been performed over a long period of time (usually several generations). \n\nThe folk music genre is classified as the music that is orally passed from one generation to another. Usually the artist is unknown, and there are several versions of the same song. The genre is transmitted by singing, listening and dancing to popular songs. This type of communication allows culture to transmit the styles (pitches and cadences) as well as the context it was developed.\n\nCulturally transmitting folk songs maintain rich evidence about the period of history when they were created and the social class in which they developed. Some examples of the Folk Genre can be seen in the folk music of England and Turkish folk music. English folk music has developed since the medieval period and has been transmitted from that time until today. Similarly, Turkish folk music relates to all the civilizations that once passed thorough Turkey, thereby being a world reference since the east–west tensions during the Early Modern Period.\n\nTraditional folk music usually refers to songs composed in the twentieth century, which tend to be written as universal truths and big issues of the time they were composed. Artists including Bob Dylan; Peter, Paul and Mary; James Taylor; and Leonard Cohen transformed folk music to what it is known today. Newer composers such as Ed Sheeran (pop folk) and The Lumineers (American folk) are examples of contemporary folk music, which has been recorded and adapted to the new way of listening to music (online)—unlike the traditional way of orally transmitting music.\n\nEach country in the world, in some cases each region, district and community, has its own folk music style. The sub-divisions of folk genre are developed by each place, cultural identity and history. Because the music is developed in different places, many of the instruments are characteristic to location and population—but some are used everywhere: button or piano accordion, different types of flutes or trumpets, banjo, and ukulele. Both French and Scottish folk music use related instruments such as the fiddle, the harp and variations of bagpipes.\n\nPsychology of music preference\n\nSocial influences on music selection\nSince music has become more easily accessible (Spotify, iTunes, YouTube, etc.), more people have begun listening to a broader and wider range of music styles. In addition, social identity also plays a large role in music preference. Personality is a key contributor for music selection. Those who consider themselves to be \"rebels\" will tend to choose heavier music styles like heavy metal or hard rock, while those who consider themselves to be more \"relaxed\" or \"laid back\" will tend to choose lighter music styles like jazz or classical music. According to one model, there are five main factors that exist that underlie music preferences that are genre-free, and reflect emotional/affective responses. These five factors are:\n\n A Mellow factor consisting of smooth and relaxing styles (jazz, classical, etc.).\n An Urban factor defined largely by rhythmic and percussive music (rap, hip-hop, funk, etc.).\n A Sophisticated factor (operatic, world, etc.)\n An Intensity factor that is defined by forceful, loud, and energetic music (rock, metal, etc.).\n A campestral factor, which refers to singer-songwriter genres and country.\n\nIndividual and situational influences\nStudies have shown that while women prefer more treble oriented music, men prefer to listen to bass-heavy music. A preference for bass-heavy music is sometimes paired with borderline and antisocial personalities.\n\nAge is another strong factor that contributes to musical preference. Evidence is available that shows that music preference can change as one gets older. A Canadian study showed that adolescents show greater interest in pop music artists while adults and the elderly population prefer classic genres such as rock, opera, and jazz.\n\nSee also\nComposition school\nGenealogy of musical genres\nList of music styles\nList of popular music genres\nList of radio formats\nRadio Data System, which enables the tagging of the genre of broadcasts within defined categories\nList of Grammy Award categories, which defines a list of genres\nList of ID3v1 Genres\nBillboard charts, which defines a list of genres\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading" ]

[ "Widespread Panic", "1981-1995: Early years and rise to national attention", "What year did the panic end?", "I don't know.", "What is subject of this article?", "John Bell and Michael Houser met in 1981 in their dorm at the University of Georgia.", "What is the genre of music?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Édouard Ndjodo (born 25 September 1985) is a Cameroonian footballer who plays for TDCS Dong Thap F.C. in the V.League 2 as a forward.\n\nCareer\nHe played with some big Cameroonian clubs before moving to Hungary in 2005/2006 season. Ndjodjo also played for major clubs in Hungary with good performing and scoring records. He decided to change environment in June 2009 after finishing a 2-year deal with Budapest Honvéd FC, on 26 July 2009, Ndjodo refused to sign for Kecskeméti TE because the club and him did not agree on the contract terms.\n\nNdjodo was on trial with Yverdon-Sport FC in Switzerland. but unfortunately the club said they could not offer him a contract because he was not fully ready at the moment. Ndjodo returned to Hungary on 24 July 2009 and move on 21 August 2009 to Hibernians F.C. a Maltese football club. On 1 September 2009, Ndjodo decided not to sign the contract with Hibernians F.C., as the contract was not favourable and because he wanted only 1-year deal and Hibernians F.C. insisted on a 2-year deal after a week long trials including 2 crucial matches. He then returned to Hungary On 15 October 2009, was on trial with El Geish an Egyptian premiership club. It was reported that Ndjodo claimed to be sick and decided not to continue with the trial, he then returned to Hungary and follow on 28 November 2009 an invitation from the German club Alemannia Aachen. Ndjodo signed with SV Horn an Austrian 3rd division club on 20 January 2010.\nIn January 2011 he signed a 2-year contract with Club Africain in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1985 births\nLiving people\nPeople from Kumbo\nCameroonian footballers\nLes Astres players\nCameroonian expatriate footballers\nCameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary\nCameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Austria\nCameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Tunisia\nCameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Greece\nCameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Vietnam\nExpatriate footballers in Hungary\nExpatriate footballers in Austria\nExpatriate footballers in Tunisia\nExpatriate footballers in Greece\nExpatriate footballers in Vietnam\nAssociation football forwards\nFC Tatabánya players\nBudapest Honvéd FC players\nFerencvárosi TC footballers\nBFC Siófok players\nSV Horn players\nClub Africain players\nVecsés FC footballers\nPanachaiki F.C. players\nPaniliakos F.C. players\nSong Lam Nghe An FC players\nDong Thap FC players", "Inside Out is the second studio album by Rock Star: Supernova runner-up Dilana. It was released via digital distribution on November 17, 2009.\n\nDevelopment\n\"Inside Out,\" originally entitled \"Darklight,\" was recorded in Los Angeles and features No Doubt drummer Adrian Young, Mötley Crüe guitarist Mick Mars and producer Dave Bassett. Although Dilana signed a contract with London-based Hurricane Records (Hurricane Music Group Ltd) in early 2008 and was finished with recording her new album already in mid-2008, it was not released by said record company. In a later update from Dilana on hardrockhideout.com she announced that not only did she get released from her contract with HMG due to the label's shutdown but also that the master recordings did not belong to her. Dilana then went into negotiations with Kabunk Records, LLC. Although Dilana was unable to sign a deal with Kabunk, the label did purchase the rights to the Inside Out album and will be releasing the album digitally.\n\nCritical reception\n\nReception of the album has been, initially, very positive. Albert Watson, from Metromix music, writes,\n\nSingles\n\nTrack listing\nHoliday - 3:43\nMy Drug - 2:55\nHate U - 3:59\nLoud Silence - 3:44\nSomebody Else - 4:16\nIce - 4:26\nSolid Gold - 4:09\nDirty Little Secret - 3:44\nWorld Party (Free Love) - 3:29\nFalling Apart - 4:02\nStill Wanting - 3:48\nThe Question - 7:35\n\nReferences\n\nDilana albums\n2009 albums" ]

[ "Spice Girls", "Girl power" ]

[ "Tusen gånger starkare (A Thousand Times Stronger) is a 2006 young adult novel written by Christina Herrström. It was nominated to the August Prize the same year.\n\nPlot\nThe book is about the power between the two sexes (boys and girls).\n\nIn the 15-year-old girl Signe's class the \"bad\" boys and the popular girl Mimi have much power. When a new girl, Saga, comes to the class, the situation is changed; she breaks the \"rules\" for showing how girls should act. At first the teachers like her actions but when the other girls follow her advice, the situation becomes chaotic.\n\nFilm\nIn 2010 a film based on the book was produced.\n\nReferences\n\n2006 Swedish novels\nYoung adult novels\nSwedish-language novels\nSwedish novels adapted into films", "Girl Heroes: The New Force In Popular Culture is a 2002 text by Susan Hopkins. It is a cultural analysis of the contemporary archetype of the girl hero in popular culture.\n\nHopkins argues for a link between the 1990s British band Spice Girls, their vision of girl power, and the creation of a new kind of \"girl hero\". Hopkins also explores the roles of figures such as supermodels, magical girls, Carmen Sandiego, Britney Spears, Lara Croft, Xena, Dana Scully, the Charlie's Angels (the 2000s version), Sabrina Spellman, Mulan, and Buffy Summers.\n\nShe also draws comparisons between these images and earlier ones, such as Emma Peel of The Avengers, the 1970s television show Wonder Woman, Madonna and the Charlie's Angels TV show of the 1970s, pointing out the relative independence of this archetype from male and parental support.\n\nSee also\nList of female action heroes\nBuffy studies\nGirl power\nMagical girl\nPost-feminism\nWoman warrior\nWonder Women! The Untold Story of American Superheroines\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n Hopkins, Susan. Girl Heroes: The New Force In Popular Culture. Annandale NSW: Pluto Press Australia, 2002. ()\n\nCultural studies literature\nFeminist theory\nThird-wave feminism\n2002 books" ]

[ "Spice Girls", "Girl power", "how did \"girl power\" become popular?", "The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987;" ]

[ "\"Any Girl\" is a song by the American hip hop recording artist Lloyd Banks, the second single released from his third album, H.F.M. 2 (The Hunger for More 2) (2010). The song features the American R&B singer Lloyd and was produced by Dready. It was released as a digital download on June 8, 2010.\n\nBackground\nThe song was initially titled \"Got 'Em Like\" and the hook was originally sung by Banks himself. In an interview,h Lloyd said of working with Banks,\n\"There was no hesitation on my part because we never had direct issues... We met for the first time in the studio and everything just clicked. It felt like it was our 10th song together. This refers to the rivalry between G-Unit, which Lloyd Banks is signed to, and Murder Inc., to which he was formerly signed.\n\nAfter signing his new deal with EMI Group, EMI Label Services' began promoting \"Any Girl\" at urban and rhythmic radio formats in North America.\n\nMusic video\nThe music video, which was directed by J. Jesses Smith, was filmed on July 28, 2010, in Long Island and released on August 15, 2010. The video's concept of was inspired by the 1997 comedy film, Def Jam's How to Be a Player. It has cameo appearances from Banks' G-Unit colleagues Tony Yayo and 50 Cent, and the Cherokee model and actress, Marica Linn.\n\nCharts\n\nRelease information\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nLloyd Banks featuring Lloyd - Any Girl music video\n\n2010 singles\n2010 songs\nLloyd Banks songs\nLloyd (singer) songs\nSongs written by Lloyd Banks\nG-Unit Records singles\nEMI Records singles\nSongs written by Lloyd (singer)", "\"That Girl\" is the debut solo single from R&B singer Marques Houston and the first taken from his debut album, MH in the U.S.. In the UK, however, \"Clubbin'\" was the first single from the album there.\n\n\"That Girl\" was originally for Ne-Yo, that co-wrote it, but after Columbia Records dropped him, the song was given to Houston. The song was his first single to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number sixty-three in the U.S.\n\nThe single was due to be the fourth single from MH in the UK, however, due to the underperformance of the third single there, \"Because of You\", the single was cancelled, despite the video being serviced to television music channels there. The remix features singer R. Kelly.\n\nMusic video\nThe video was shot in Los Angeles, California on February 2003. The video starts out with word \"That Girl\" then \"starring Marques Houston\". The lead in the music video starring opposite Marques Houston was long time principal dancer for B2K and IMx, Tanee McCall.\n\nReferences\n\n2002 singles\nMarques Houston songs\nSongs written by Ne-Yo\nSongs written by Patrick \"J. Que\" Smith\n2002 songs\nThe Ultimate Group singles\nSongs written by Marques Houston" ]

[ "Spice Girls", "Girl power", "how did \"girl power\" become popular?", "The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987;", "Was there any songs related to girl power?", "notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra." ]

[ "A sex kitten is a woman who exhibits a sexually provocative lifestyle or an abundant sexual aggression. The term originated around 1956 in articles in the British and American press and was originally used to describe French actress Brigitte Bardot. Sources believe Bardot's role in Et Dieu... créa la femme (And God Created Woman) was what inspired the term in the mid 1950s.\n\nThe 1960s began the era of women embracing their sexuality after moving forward from the idea that women were very unlikely to experience pleasure during sexual activities.\n\nWhile sex kitten is still used in its original context, it has also slowly added the context of a sex role and type of fetish between two (or more) consenting adults.\n\nCelebrities \nAnn-Margret was described as a sex kitten in the 1964 film Kitten with a Whip. But, other than Ann-Margret and Brigitte Bardot, the term wasn't associated with any other actresses in Hollywood.\n\nEartha Kitt, singer of the 1953 Christmas hit \"Santa Baby\", was also deemed a sex kitten due to some of the lyrics in her song.\n\nA sex kitten is not always youthful. In various definitions, the sexual attractiveness of a woman is the primary factor of sex kittens, but that did not necessarily mean physical beauty.\n\nSee also\nCougar (slang)\nSex symbol\nGirl Power\n\nReferences\n\nPhysical attractiveness\n1950s neologisms\nSlang terms for women", "In Japanese culture, is a category of commercial photographic portraits of celebrities including geisha, singers, actors and actresses of both stage and film, and sports stars. The use of the term \"bromide\" or \"promide\" occurs regardless of whether bromide paper was actually used for the photograph.\n\nIn 1921 the Marubell Company began marketing photographs of celebrities under the name . The first of these was a portrait of the film actress Sumiko Kurishima. Marubell sold the photographic paper as \"bromide\", and its finished photographs as \"Promide\". The two words eventually became synonymous and between the mid-1940s and the late-1980s sales of \"bromides\" were used to measure the popularity of Japanese idols. Sales records were released on a monthly basis for the following categories: \"Male Singers\", \"Female Singers\", \"Actors\", and \"Actresses\". Bromides remain a popular product in the idol industry to this day.\n\nThe use of the term \"bromide\" to refer to a celebrity photograph remains a part of Japanese popular consciousness, and reference books such as the Kōjien Dictionary and NHK's Broadcasting Glossary recognize the term as such. \"Promide\" is used solely to refer to Marubell Company's bromides.\n\nIn Korea\nThe term is actively used in Korean culture, where it is the name of a K-pop magazine. Based on usage of the term by, for example, sellers of K-pop goods on eBay, \"bromide\" denotes an oversized photo or mini-poster of a celebrity on card stock with a laminated cover or glossy finish.\n\nReferences\n\nPortrait photography\nJapanese popular culture\nJapanese idols" ]

[ "Spice Girls", "Girl power", "how did \"girl power\" become popular?", "The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987;", "Was there any songs related to girl power?", "notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra.", "what other celebrities used that term?", "At the 43rd People's Choice Awards in January 2017, American actress Blake Lively dedicated her \"Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress\" award to \"girl power\"" ]

[ "Girl power is a slogan that encourages and celebrates women's empowerment, independence, confidence and strength. The slogan's invention is credited to the US punk band Bikini Kill, who published a zine called Bikini Kill #2: Girl Power in 1991. It was then popularized in the mainstream by the British girl group Spice Girls in the mid-1990s.\n\nEarly usage and origins\n\nIn 1990, US punk band Bikini Kill started to make their own self-titled feminist zine. Its first issue had the subtitle, A color and activity book. A year later the band published the second issue of their Bikini Kill zine, with the new subtitle Girl Power. The band's lead singer, Kathleen Hanna, said was inspired by the Black Power slogan. The term became popular in the early and mid 90s punk culture. The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll credits the zine with coining the slogan: \"In their feminist fanzine Bikini Kill they articulated an agenda for young women in and outside of music; the band put those ideas to practice. Bikini Kill earned a reputation in the punk underground for confronting certain standards of that genre; for example, asking people to slam at the side of the stage, so that women would not get pushed out of the front, and inviting women to take the mic and talk about sexual abuse.\n\nThe phrase is sometimes sensationally spelled \"grrrl power\", based on the spelling of \"riot grrrl\".\n\nSome other musical artists who have used the slogan in their music are Welsh band Helen Love, with it appearing in the chorus of their 1992 song “Formula One Racing Girls”, and pop-punk duo Shampoo, who released an album and single titled Girl Power in 1995.\n\nSpice Girls \nBritish pop quintet Spice Girls brought the mantra into the mainstream consciousness in the mid-1990s. The Spice Girls' version of \"girl power\" focused on the importance of strong and loyal friendship among females, with a message of empowerment that appealed to young girls, adolescents and adult women. According to Billboard magazine, they demonstrated real, noncompetitive female friendship, singing: \"If you wannabe my lover, you gotta get with my friends. Make it last forever; friendship never ends.\"\n\nIn all, the focused, consistent presentation of \"girl power\" formed the centrepiece of their appeal as a band. Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstream feminism in the 1990s, with the \"girl power\" mantra serving as a gateway to feminism for their young fans. On the other hand, some critics dismissed \"girl power\" as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance, concerned about the potential impact on self-conscious and/or impressionable youngsters: As American feminist Jennifer Pozner famously remarked, it was \"probably a fair assumption to say that a ‘zig-a-zig-ah’ is not Spice shorthand for ‘subvert the dominant paradigm’.” Regardless, the phrase became a cultural phenomenon, adopted as the mantra for millions of girls and even making it into the Oxford English Dictionary.\nIn summation of the concept, author Ryan Dawson said, \"The Spice Girls changed British culture enough for Girl Power to now seem completely unremarkable.\"\n\nIn 2018, Rolling Stone named the Spice Girls' brand of \"girl power\" on The Millennial 100, a list of 100 people, music, cultural touchstones and movements that have shaped the Millennial generation.\n\nScholarship \nIn her 2002 book Girl Heroes: The New Force in Popular Culture, Professor Susan Hopkins suggested a correlation between \"girl power\", Spice Girls, and female action heroes at the end of the 20th century. A later book, Growing Up With Girl Power, by Professor Rebecca Hains (2019) found that the phrase \"girl power\" and the media associated with it -- such as the Spice Girls and girl heroes--diluted the phrase's impact from the riot grrrls' intent, making it more about marketing and selling the idea of empowerment than about furthering girls' actual empowerment. \n\nThe slogan has also been examined within the context of the academic field, for example Buffy studies. Media theorist Kathleen Rowe Karlyn in her article \"Scream, Popular Culture, and Feminism's Third Wave: I'm Not My Mother\" and Irene Karras in \"The Third Wave's Final Girl: Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" suggest a link with third-wave feminism. Frances Early and Kathleen Kennedy in the introduction to Athena’s Daughters: Television’s New Women Warriors, discuss what they describe as a link between girl power and a \"new\" image of women warriors in popular culture.\n\nOxford English Dictionary\n\nA 2001 update to the Oxford English Dictionary defined \"girl power\" as:\n\nThe dictionary further offers an example of this term by quoting from \"Angel Delight\", an article in the March 24, 2001 issue of Dreamwatch about the television series Dark Angel:\n\nCriticism\n\nDr. Debbie Ging, Chair of the BA in Communications Studies in Dublin City University, was critical of the \"girl power\" ideals, and linked it to the sexualisation of younger children, girls in particular.\nDr. Amy McClure of North Carolina State University warns against placing too much hope on girl power as an empowering concept. She says, “An ideology based on consumerism can never be a revolutionary social movement. The fact that it appears to be a revolutionary movement is a dangerous lie that not only marketers sell to us but that we often happily sell to ourselves.” Dr. Rebecca Hains also criticized mainstream \"girl power\" for its commercial function, arguing in Women's Studies in Communication that it \"undermines true work towards equality, serving corporate interests at the expense of girls' personal interests,\" and called it an \"updated version of 'commodity feminism.'\"\n\nMedia and toys can present a narrow definition of what it means to be a girl, such as Mattel's Barbie. The “I can be” Barbie embodied this concept of “girl power”: that little girls can be anything they want when they grow up. Arguably, Barbie's image also presents narrow options with which girls can identify, limiting the potential of any \"girl power\"-themed line. \n\nIn addition to concerns about girl power's implications for girls, some critics questioned its use by women. For example, Hannah Jane Parkinson of The Guardian criticized the term \"girl power\" as something \"young women [that] are feeling more confident about calling themselves feminists and standing up for principles of equality\" hide behind. She denounced the phrase for including the word \"girl\", claiming it encouraged the application of the term \"girl\" to adult women.\n\nSee also\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n\n Preview.\nEvans Amanda and Tara Brabazon, \"I'll never be your woman: the Spice Girls and new flavours of feminism.\" Social Alternatives 17#2 (1998): 39–42.\n Preview.\n Preview.\n \n Preview.\n \n Preview.\n \n \n \n Pdf.\n Preview.\n\nFeminist theory\nWomen\nThird-wave feminism\nCultural studies\n1990s fads and trends\n1990s neologisms\n1991 neologisms\nSlogans\nQuotations from music", "Girl power is a term of female empowerment.\n\nGirl Power may also refer to:\n\nGirl Power (video), a 1992 short film by Sadie Benning\nGirl Power (Kickboxing) Television series produced by World Kickboxing Network\n\nMusic\nGirl Power! Live in Istanbul, a 1997 concert by the Spice Girls\nGirl Power North America Tour, a 2014–2015 concert tour by English singer-songwriter Charli XCX\n\"Girl Power\" (song), a 2003 single by the Cheetah Girls\n\nAlbums\nOne Hour of Girl Power, a 1997 video by Spice Girls\nGirl Power (Shampoo album), a 1996 album, and its title track\nGirl Power (Twins album), a 2004 album" ]

[ "Spice Girls", "Girl power", "how did \"girl power\" become popular?", "The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987;", "Was there any songs related to girl power?", "notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra.", "what other celebrities used that term?", "At the 43rd People's Choice Awards in January 2017, American actress Blake Lively dedicated her \"Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress\" award to \"girl power\"", "did spice girls \"girl power\" empowered girls-women?", "Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstream feminism--popularized as \"girl power\"--in the 1990s," ]

[ "William Robson (October 3, 1864 – ) was a Manitoba politician, and the leader of that province's Independent-Farmers in 1921 and 1922.\n\nLife\nBorn in Scarborough, Yorkshire, England, Robson arrived in Canada with his parents at the age of two. He worked as a farmer, and was a shareholder in the Grain Grower's Guide (a popular farmer's newspaper in Canada). Robson served as both a councillor and reeve during the 1910s.\n\nIn 1920, Robson was one of 12 \"farmer's candidates\" elected to the legislature of Manitoba (he defeated future Liberal leader James Breakey in Glenwood, by four votes). Robson was subsequently chosen as leader of the Independent-Farmers, which was the name chosen by the victorious candidates for their parliamentary caucus.\n\nThe Independent-Farmers were a diverse group, and did not continue beyond the dissolution of parliamentary in 1922. Subsequently, the United Farmers of Manitoba would represent the province's farming community in a more organized way.\n\nRobson did not run for re-election in 1922, and did not serve in the government of UFM Premier John Bracken.\n\nReferences\n\n1864 births\n1941 deaths\nProgressive Party of Manitoba MLAs", "Beyond Tomorrow is an Australian television series produced by Beyond Television Productions. It began airing in 1981 as Towards 2000, then in 1985 was renamed Beyond 2000, a name the show kept until its cancellation in 1999. It then started airing again in 2005 with the name Beyond Tomorrow.\n\nTowards 2000 and Beyond 2000\nTowards 2000 debuted on the ABC in 1981 as a half-hour show dedicated to showcasing developments and inventions in science and technology. Original presenters were Jeffrey Watson, Sonia Humphrey and David Flatman. There were four series of the program (1981, 82, 83 and 84) and it was a popular and high rating success on the national broadcaster. After production finished on the 4th series, the ABC decided not to continue with Towards 2000, and instead started up a new science program, named Quantum, under the newly appointed Dick Gilling from BBCTV.\n\nThe Towards 2000 reporters then spoke with Ted Thomas, General Manager of ATN 7, who agreed that his network could start a new hour long production and name it Beyond 2000, airing until 1993 when it was picked up by Network Ten, airing until 1999. Beyond 2000 was also broadcast internationally, airing on the Discovery Channel in the United States and Canada, on RTÉ in the Republic of Ireland, and on the satellite channel Sky News in Europe and on TV One in New Zealand. An American-produced version of the show also aired on the Discovery Channel in 1992, with an American presenter (Henry Tenenbaum, presently an anchor/reporter for television station KRON San Francisco) used for the studio segments. An American version entitled Beyond Tomorrow was hosted by newsman Dave Marash and aired in the early years of the Fox television network.\n\nFourteen series of Towards/Beyond 2000 were produced, with the last being made in 1999 as a one-off, after a production break of about four years. At this point, the rising cost of producing the series, coupled with increased competition from other science and technology shows forced the closure of the program.\n\nA Beyond 2000 website was published by the same company between 1999 and 2003. This provided science and technology news, as well as video clips from the old TV shows. The website was eliminated in a round of company-wide budget cuts that reflected a general downturn in the Australian media industry at the time.\n\nPresenters\n Sonia Humphrey\n Iain Finlay\n Jeff Watson\n David Flatman\n Carmel Travers\n Chris Ardill-Guinness\n Simon Reeve\n Amanda Keller\n Andrew Carroll\n Maxine Gray\n Anthony Griffis\n Dr Caroline West\n Dr John D'Arcy\n Simon Nasht\n Sharon Nash\n Bryan Smith\n Tracey Curro\n Andrew Waterworth\n American versions were presented by Henry Tenenbaum, Dave Marash and Susan Hunt.\n\nBeyond Tomorrow\n\nIn 2005, Beyond 2000 returned to the Seven Network under the new name of Beyond Tomorrow, with the first episode airing on 1 June 2005. Picking up where its predecessor left off, Beyond Tomorrow delved even deeper into the world of technological innovations and scientific breakthroughs in all areas of life including the environment, medicine, sport, computers, space, agriculture, transport, architecture, leisure and adventure. Topics ranged from how probes planted in the brain could be used to battle Parkinson's disease and obsessive compulsive disorder, to how the grumpiness of North Sea oil workers had led to a cure being found for snoring. \n\nSegments from MythBusters, another Beyond Television production, also aired as part of the program, which was criticised by Australian viewers because Beyond Productions had also sold Mythbusters to SBS. Both shows aired at almost at the same time, with the Beyond Tomorrow version redubbing the American narrator with an Australian narrator and calling them \"Beyond Tomorrow's Mythbusters\", leaving some viewers feeling the company was insulting their intelligence by doing this double dip into the Australian market. The series had also been criticised by some fans of the earlier Beyond 2000 for featuring \"futuristic\" technologies that were obsolete or have been in common use for several years at the time. The theme music was also criticised for not being on par with Beyond 2000'''s, with some calling it lazy, generic and bland.Beyond Tomorrow also aired in the US on The Science Channel and on Discovery Channel Canada. Production of the show ended in 2007 after 50 episodes, however reruns still continue to air on The Science Channel.\n\nPresenters\n Matt Shirvington\n Graham Phillips\n Hayden Turner\n Anna Choy\n Dr Caroline West\n Sara Groen\n Grant Denyer\n Kim Watkins (February 2006 - July 2006)\n\nInternational\n In the United States, episodes of the series aired on the Fox network, under the Beyond Tomorrow name, from 1988 until 1990. The show was produced by Beyond International Group. From 1992 until its cancellation, the Discovery Channel aired Beyond 2000 with all of the episodes and segment introductions (along with new material) hosted by KRON-TV news anchor Henry Tenenbaum. \n In Sweden, a version called Bortom 2000 was hosted by nature photographer Bo Landin on TV4 in the early 1990s. (The series was short lived, however.)\n In Malaysia, Beyond 2000 previously aired in the late 1980s through the early 1990s on RTM 1 (Later RTM TV1). Beyond Tomorrow would not be aired on the channel, but was eventually aired on the Discovery Channel (Southeast Asia) in the mid-2000s.\n In Indonesia, Beyond 2000 was aired on RCTI every Saturday morning in the early 1990s.\n In South Africa, Beyond 2000 was screened on M-Net and Bop TV.\n In the Republic of Ireland, Beyond 2000 aired on RTÉ being shown on both networks One and Two.\n In Saudi Arabia, Beyond 2000 was shown on the English speaking television network Saudi 2.\n In New Zealand, Beyond 2000 was aired on TV One.\n In Jordan, Beyond 2000 was broadcast on the English, Arabic and French language television channel Channel 2 in English.\n In Kuwait, Beyond 2000 has been shown on KTV2, the country's governmental television channel dedicated for the English-speaking public.\n In Namibia, Beyond 2000'' began airing on SWABC (when the country was originally known as South West Africa at the time) in 1989 and then on NBC in March 1990 (several days after the country had changed its name to Namibia).\n\nExternal links\n Beyond Tomorrow at Science Channel\n \n \n Beyond 2000 - Towards 2000 at the National Film and Sound Archive\n\nReferences\n\nAustralian non-fiction television series\nAustralian Broadcasting Corporation original programming\nDocumentary television series about technology\nSeven Network original programming\nNetwork 10 original programming\nScience Channel original programming\nScience education television series\n1981 Australian television series debuts\n1995 Australian television series endings\n2005 Australian television series debuts\n2006 Australian television series endings\nTelevision series by Beyond Television Productions" ]

[ "Spice Girls", "Girl power", "how did \"girl power\" become popular?", "The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987;", "Was there any songs related to girl power?", "notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra.", "what other celebrities used that term?", "At the 43rd People's Choice Awards in January 2017, American actress Blake Lively dedicated her \"Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress\" award to \"girl power\"", "did spice girls \"girl power\" empowered girls-women?", "Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstream feminism--popularized as \"girl power\"--in the 1990s,", "did that continue in the 2000's and beyond?", "The Spice Girls' debut single \"Wannabe\" has been hailed as an \"iconic girl power anthem\". In 2016," ]

[ "\"Hard Feelings/Loveless\" is a medley song recorded by New Zealand singer-songwriter Lorde for her second album, Melodrama (2017). She wrote and co-produced the track with Jack Antonoff, with additional production from Frank Dukes. It draws influences from genres such as industrial music and noise music, and uses a distorted synthesizer. \"Loveless\" includes two samples: a voice sample taken from a documentary about Paul Simon's 1986 album Graceland, and a drum solo from Phil Collins' 1981 song \"In the Air Tonight\". The lyrics detail the emotions of falling out of love while mocking the current generation's lengths to pretend to be unaffected by love.\n\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. \"Hard Feelings\" was praised for its songwriting and experimental production; her vocal delivery, however, was criticised on \"Loveless\". The lyrics were compared to the 1987 psychological thriller film Fatal Attraction, while its production was likened to Kanye West's work on his 2013 album Yeezus. The track's themes center on the effects of heartbreak and social issues around love. Lorde performed \"Hard Feelings/Loveless\", with five other songs, as part of a re-imagined Vevo series at the Electric Lady Studios where she recorded most of her album. It was also part of the set list of her Melodrama World Tour (2017–18).\n\nBackground and development\n\nLorde revealed in an interview with The Spinoff that the first two lines from \"Loveless\", \"What is this tape? / This is my favorite tape\" were sampled from a documentary she watched about Paul Simon's 1986 album Graceland. The drum solo, used as the transition instrument for \"Loveless\", was sampled from Phil Collins' 1981 song \"In the Air Tonight\". Lorde stated that this was one of the earliest tracks on the record. She often listened to the soft rock music of Leonard Cohen, Joni Mitchell, Fleetwood Mac and Simon while riding the subways in New York City, or on cab rides after attending parties in her hometown of Auckland. They were sources of inspiration for \"Hard Feelings/Loveless\".\n\nDespite not being credited for production, Lorde said that Malay brought in some guitars which they used for \"Hard Feelings\". In a The New York Times profile, Jack Antonoff called the song the \"calm after a big fight\". He also said that \"Hard Feelings/Loveless\" reminded him of Don Henley's 1989 song \"The Heart of the Matter\", which \"grapples with news that a past lover has met someone new, then laments other bygone relationships\". Lorde recalled that she felt similar emotions, saying that the \"moment you get out of the car, you are only going to get farther apart from each other\". Antonoff stated in an interview with Entertainment Weekly that one of his proudest moments during the recording was placing a \"synth at the end [of the song] that sounds like metal bending\". During recording sessions, Antonoff recommended that Lorde take inspiration from Irish singer Sinéad O'Connor's voice. They also experimented with the enunciation of the phrase \"hard feelings\".\n\nRecording and lyrics\n\nLorde recorded \"Hard Feelings/Loveless\" at five different locations in the United States. She began recording at Conway Recording Studios, in Los Angeles, California, assisted by recording engineer Eric Eylands. She also recorded at Rough Customer Studios, in Brooklyn Heights, New York, with Barry McCready and Jack Antonoff. Recording also took place at Electric Lady Studios and at Jungle City Studios. It was completed at Westlake Recording Studios, in Los Angeles, with Greg Eliason. John Hanes mixed \"Hard Feelings\" at MixStar Studios, while Antonoff mixed \"Loveless\" at his home studio of Rough Customer Studios. Other personnel include Frank Dukes, who provided additional production to the song.\n\n\"Hard Feelings/Loveless\" is composed in the key of B major with a moderate groove tempo of 74 beats per minute. Lorde's vocals span a range of E3 to G#4. The song has two different chord progressions, \"Hard Feelings\" follows a basic sequence of B–E–G#m–E while \"Loveless\" follows a sequence of E–C#m–A–B–E. \"Hard Feelings/Loveless\" is an \"industrial-infused\" song which has influences of other genres such as noise music, as well as the use of a distorted synthesizer in its production.\n\nCritics interpreted \"Hard Feelings\" as a song about the emotions of falling out of love, while \"Loveless\" discusses the \"generational epidemic of love\". Stacey Anderson from Pitchfork described the song as having a \"creaky, atonal electronic rasp\". Jon Pareles of The New York Times described the production of \"Hard Feelings/Loveless\" as infusing some \"mixes with noise,\" making \"burbles and blotches of synthesizer distortion erupt on the edges\" of the first song like the \"psychic storm behind the song's attempts at a merciful breakup\". Spencer Kornhaber from The Atlantic felt that the song's lyrics painted a \"touching scene of her sitting in a car with a beau on the verge of splitting\" ending the track with \"I guess I should go.\"\n\nReception and promotion\n\n\"Hard Feelings/Loveless\" received positive reviews from music critics, many of whom praised its lyrics and experimental production. Entertainment Weekly writer Nolan Feeney said that Lorde showed a \"winking self-awareness, taking the cliché of the crazy ex-girlfriend\" to extremes. Her persona was compared to Alex Forrest in the 1987 psychological thriller film Fatal Attraction. The Jakarta Post writer Stanley Widianto felt that \"Hard Feelings\" had \"Melodramas most challenging moments\". Pigeons and Planes and Vulture placed it in their Best Songs of the Week lists. Pretty Much Amazing called \"Hard Feelings/Loveless\" one of the \"most ambitious pop songs\" of the year, comparing its sound to West's work on his 2013 album Yeezus. Slant called the first part of the song a \"happy surprise,\" referring it as the \"most shamelessly poppy track\" she ever recorded.\n\nIn a mixed-positive review, The Spinoff noted that while the contrast between both tracks was \"obviously intentional,\" it made an \"ambiguous artistic statement\" that the album did not pull off. Sharing similar sentiments, Spin writer, Anna Gaca commented that the track was \"ragged\" and a \"two-faced puzzle that creaks through its experimental instrumental\". Gaca further stated that the album's \"weirder moments glint like diamonds in the rough,\" and that there was something to love in every song, \"even the misfortunate Loveless\". Lorde performed \"Hard Feelings/Loveless\", with five other songs, as part of a re-imagined Vevo series at the Electric Lady Studios where she recorded most of the album. It was also part of the set list of her Melodrama World Tour (2017–2018). \"Hard Feelings\" was the third song Lorde played at her Manchester, United Kingdom date, while \"Loveless\" was the encore.\n\nCredits and personnel\nCredits adapted from the liner notes of Melodrama.\n\nRecording\nRecorded at Conway Recording Studios (Los Angeles, California), Electric Lady Studios (Greenwich Village, New York), Jungle City Studios (Chelsea, Manhattan), Rough Customer Studios (Brooklyn Heights, New York) and Westlake Recording Studios (Los Angeles)\n\"Hard Feelings\" mixed at MixStar Studios (Virginia Beach, Virginia) / \"Loveless\" mixed at Rough Customer Studios\nMastered at Sterling Sound Studios (New York)\n\nManagement\nPublished by Songs Music Publishing, Sony/ATV Songs LLC, and Ducky Donath Music (BMI)\nPaul Simon appears courtesy of the documentary film, Under African Skies: Paul Simon's Graceland Journey, produced by RadicalMedia/Indie Age Films\n\nPersonnel\n\nLorde – songwriter, vocals, producer\nJack Antonoff – songwriter, producer, mixing \nFrank Dukes – additional production \nLaura Sisk – engineer\nGreg Eliason – assistant engineering\nEric Eylands – assistant engineering\nBarry McCready – assistant engineering\nBrendan Morawski – assistant engineering\nSerban Ghebea – mixing \nJohn Hanes – mixing engineer\nRandy Merrill – mastering\n\nReferences\n\n2017 songs\nLorde songs\nMusic medleys\nPaul Simon\nSong recordings produced by Frank Dukes\nSong recordings produced by Jack Antonoff\nSong recordings produced by Lorde\nSongs written by Jack Antonoff\nSongs written by Lorde", "Side Effects May Vary is a 2014 young adult novel and the literary debut of Julie Murphy. The book was first published in hardback by Balzer + Bray on March 18, 2014 and a paperback edition was released the following year. An audiobook narration was performed by Cassandra Campbell and Kirby Heyborne. Side Effects May Vary focuses on a teenager that has been recently diagnosed with leukemia and has decided to take revenge on her enemies.\n\nMurphy wrote the book as part of National Novel Writing Month around 2010. While writing Murphy chose to have her character of Alice behave in a way that she felt might alienate some readers, justifying this decision by stating that \"A book is always going to be about the best or worst part of a character’s life. Sometimes we shine. Sometimes we don’t. Alice definitely does not, but by the end she’s begun to find her road to redemption.\"\n\nSynopsis\nAlice is sixteen and has been diagnosed with leukemia. She's been warned that she may not have long to live, so Alice has decided that she's going to use her remaining time in order to accomplish things she's always wanted to do, even if doing so may come across as cruel or unkind. Her friend Harvey has agreed to assist her during this process and together the two manage to exact revenge on her ex-boyfriend and enemies, while also taking part in positive things like revisiting her past. However just as she's managed to complete her plans for revenge, Alice discovers that she's in remission - and will live. Now she has to deal with the fallout from her actions and try to find a way to deal with what she's done and her complicated feelings for Harvey, who has always loved her.\n\nReception\nCritical reception for Side Effects May Vary has been mixed and the book has received praise from the School Library Journal and Booklist. The Horn Book Guide and Commonsensemedia were both mixed in their opinions, as they enjoyed the work but felt that the shifting between past and present could be seen as confusing or excessive. The Horn Book Guide also stated that the book had the potential to appeal to fans of The Fault in Our Stars.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n2014 American novels\nNovels about cancer\nAmerican young adult novels\n2014 debut novels" ]

[ "Spice Girls", "Girl power", "how did \"girl power\" become popular?", "The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987;", "Was there any songs related to girl power?", "notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra.", "what other celebrities used that term?", "At the 43rd People's Choice Awards in January 2017, American actress Blake Lively dedicated her \"Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress\" award to \"girl power\"", "did spice girls \"girl power\" empowered girls-women?", "Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstream feminism--popularized as \"girl power\"--in the 1990s,", "did that continue in the 2000's and beyond?", "The Spice Girls' debut single \"Wannabe\" has been hailed as an \"iconic girl power anthem\". In 2016,", "was it always positive or were there mixed feelings", "some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance," ]

[ "In ontology and the philosophy of mind, a non-physical entity is an object that exists outside physical reality. The philosophical schools of idealism and dualism assert that such entities exist, while physicalism asserts that they do not. Positing the existence of non-physical entities leads to further questions concerning their inherent nature and their relation to physical entities.\n\nAbstract concepts\n\nPhilosophers generally do agree on the existence of abstract objects. The mind can conceive of objects that clearly have no physical counterpart. Such objects include concepts such as numbers, mathematical sets and functions, and philosophical relations and properties. If such objects are indeed entities, they are entities that exist only mind itself, not within space and time. For an example, an abstract property such as redness has no presence in space-time. To make a distinction between metaphysics and epistemology, such objects, if they are to be considered entities, are categorized as logical entities to distinguish them from physical entities. The study of non-physical entities can be summarized by the question, \"Is imagination real?\"\nWhile older Cartesian dualists held the existence of non-physical minds, more limited forms of dualism propounded by 20th and 21st century philosophers (such as property dualism) hold merely the exitence of non-physical properties.\n\nMind–body dualism \n\nDualism is the division of two contrasted or opposed aspects. The dualist school supposes the existence of non-physical entities, the most widely discussed one being the mind. But beyond that it runs into stumbling blocks. Pierre Gassendi put one such problem directly to René Descartes in 1641, in response to Descartes's Meditations:\n\nDescartes' response to Gassendi, and to Princess Elizabeth who asked him similar questions in 1643, is generally considered nowadays to be lacking, because it did not address what is known in the philosophy of mind as the interaction problem. This is a problem for non-physical entities as posited by dualism: by what mechanism, exactly, do they interact with physical entities, and how can they do so? Interaction with physical systems requires physical properties which a non-physical entity does not possess.\n\nDualists either, like Descartes, avoid the problem by considering it impossible for a non-physical mind to conceive the relationship that it has with the physical, and so impossible to explain philosophically, or assert that the questioner has made the fundamental mistake of thinking that the distinction between the physical and the non-physical is such that it prevents each from affecting the other.\n\nOther questions about the non-physical which dualism has not answered include such questions as how many minds each person can have, which is not an issue for physicalism which can simply declare one-mind-per-person almost by definition; and whether non-physical entities such as minds and souls are simple or compound, and if the latter, what \"stuff\" the compounds are made from.\n\nSpirits \n\nDescribing in philosophical terms what a non-physical entity actually is (or would be) can prove problematic. A convenient example of what constitutes a non-physical entity is a ghost. Gilbert Ryle once labelled Cartesian Dualism as positing the \"ghost in the machine\". However, it is hard to define in philosophical terms what it is, precisely, about a ghost that makes it a specifically non-physical, rather than a physical entity. Were the existence of ghosts ever demonstrated beyond doubt, it has been claimed that would actually place them in the category of physical entities.\n\nPurported non-mental non-physical entities include things such as gods, angels, demons, and ghosts. Lacking physical demonstrations of their existence, their existences and natures are widely debated, independently of the philosophy of mind.\n\nSee also\n Ascended master\n Mythology of Stargate#Ancients\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\nConcepts in metaphysics\nOntology\nEntity", "The situation, task, action, result (STAR) format is a technique used by interviewers to gather all the relevant information about a specific capability that the job requires. \n\n Situation: The interviewer wants you to present a recent challenging situation in which you found yourself.\n Task: What were you required to achieve? The interviewer will be looking to see what you were trying to achieve from the situation. Some performance development methods use “Target” rather than “Task”. Job interview candidates who describe a “Target” they set themselves instead of an externally imposed “Task” emphasize their own intrinsic motivation to perform and to develop their performance.\n Action: What did you do? The interviewer will be looking for information on what you did, why you did it and what the alternatives were.\n Results: What was the outcome of your actions? What did you achieve through your actions? Did you meet your objectives? What did you learn from this experience? Have you used this learning since?\n\nThe STAR technique is similar to the SOARA technique.\n\nThe STAR technique is also often complemented with an additional R on the end STARR or STAR(R) with the last R resembling reflection. This R aims to gather insight and interviewee's ability to learn and iterate. Whereas the STAR reveals how and what kind of result on an objective was achieved, the STARR with the additional R helps the interviewer to understand what the interviewee learned from the experience and how they would assimilate experiences. The interviewee can define what they would do (differently, the same, or better) next time being posed with a situation.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nThe ‘STAR’ technique to answer behavioral interview questions\nThe STAR method explained\n\nJob interview" ]

[ "Jack White", "Controversy" ]

[ "\"You Don't Know What Love Is (You Just Do as You're Told)\" is a song written and recorded by the American alternative rock band The White Stripes. The song was first played live on June 29, 2007, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and is the second track from their sixth studio album Icky Thump. The track was released as a CD single on September 18, 2007, with the 7\" vinyl version of the single following on September 25. The music video for \"You Don't Know What Love Is (You Just Do as You're Told)\" premiered on MTV2 Unleashed, as well as MTV.com and MTV2.com on July 30, 2007.\n\nThe video was filmed in front of the Hudson's Bay Company historical buildings in the Apex neighborhood of Iqaluit, the capital of the northern Canadian territory of Nunavut, while the band was on tour there.\n\nTrack listings\nCompact Disc\n\"You Don't Know What Love Is (You Just Do as You're Told)\" – 3:56\n\"You Don't Know What Love Is (You Just Do as You're Told)\" (Frat Rock version)  – 3:45\n\"A Martyr for My Love for You\" (Acoustic version)\n\n7\" vinyl \n\"You Don't Know What Love Is (You Just Do as You're Told)\"\n\"A Martyr for My Love for You\" (Acoustic version)\n\nPersonnel\nJack White – vocals, guitars and keyboards\nMeg White – drums and backing vocals\n\nCover versions\nAustralian R&B singer-songwriter Daniel Merriweather covered the song as a bonus track for the Japanese edition of his 2009 album Love & War.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nMusic video\nSome stills from the video\n\n2007 singles\nThe White Stripes songs\nWarner Records singles\nXL Recordings singles\nSongs written by Jack White\nMusic videos directed by The Malloys\n2007 songs\nCountry rock songs", "\"Leck mich im Arsch\" is a song by Insane Clown Posse and Jack White. The lyrics are inspired by Leck mich im Arsch, a scatological canon by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (K. 231/382c), while the music is based on a canon called Leck mir den Arsch fein recht schön sauber (K. 233/382d). The latter has for two centuries been attributed to Mozart but evidence has shown that the music of the piece was composed by Wenzel Trnka and Mozart merely replaced the original lyrics with his own.\n\nBackground\nIn August 2011, Insane Clown Posse was contacted by Jack White, who invited Joseph Bruce and Joseph Utsler to his mansion, because he wanted to collaborate with them. White played the track he was working on, an arrangement of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's \"Leck mich im Arsch\" with live instrumentation by JEFF the Brotherhood, for Bruce and Utsler and explained that the title of the track translated to \"Lick My Ass\".\n\nInsane Clown Posse were surprised that White wanted to work with them, and said that they had respect for White, who is also from Detroit. Violent J said, \"The most respected musician in the world and one of the most hated musicians in the world. We didn't expect that call, brother. I told him, 'I gotta know—why us?'. He said, 'I find myself going to your web site and looking at it. Some stuff I think is genius, some stuff I don't understand at all, but I always find myself going back there and seeing what you're up to.\"\n\nSong information\nBruce perceived that the scatological nature of the composition was the reason why White asked Bruce and Utsler to appear on the song, but once White explained Mozart's sense of humor, they became excited to work on it. Insane Clown Posse went back to their hotel room to write their lyrics, and returned to record with White and JEFF the Brotherhood in White's home recording studio. Bruce and Utsler's vocals were recorded in one take. Insane Clown Posse said that the song was a collaboration and that White asked them for their feedback throughout the recording process. The song was released as a single on September 13, 2011 by White's label Third Man Records.\n\nReferences\n\nGerman profanity\n2011 singles\nSongs about buttocks\nInsane Clown Posse songs\nSongs written by Jack White\nJack White songs\n2011 songs\nOff-color humor\nThird Man Records singles\nWorks about feces" ]

[ "Jack White", "Controversy", "For what reason is Jack White controversial?", "White was involved in an altercation with Jason Stollsteimer, lead singer of the Von Bondies," ]

[ "Jason Elliott Stollsteimer (born April 22, 1978) is an American musician who was the vocalist and guitarist for the indie rock band The Von Bondies, which took a break in 2011. Stollsteimer also was the main songwriter and producer of the Von Bondies. He released three studio albums with The Von Bondies, one studio album with Hounds Below and is currently playing with PONYSHOW.\n\nMusical career\n\nLack of Communication\nHis debut album, Lack of Communication, was released in 2001 on Sympathy for the Record Industry. Jason toured the states with the first incarnation of The Von Bondies featuring longtime friend Carrie Smith on the bass, Don Blum on drums and Marcie Bolen (Silverghost, Slumber Party) on Guitar. Over ten U.S. tours were done in order to help promote the record. The group shared the stage with The Cramps, on their 8th US tour. Jason and The Von Bondies also played several shows in the U.K. and Europe and a live performance on the Later... with Jools Holland in London.\n\nRaw & Rare\nIn 2003 the Von Bondies released a live record that consisted mostly of recording from live BBC recordings from the John Peel sessions.\n\nPawn Shoppe Heart\nIn 2004, Stollsteimer released his second studio album, Pawn Shoppe Heart, and toured extensively in the US, UK, and Europe\n\n\"C'mon C'mon\" was the first single and reached the UK Top 25 for the first time (peaking at #21), and also generated some huge buzz for Stollsteimer.\n\nOne other single was released from the album. \"Tell me what you see\" which reached number 43 in the UK charts. Almost every track from the album has appeared in numerous commercials, Movies and TV shows. One song in particular (c'mon c'mon) was used more than all the others combined. From uses in local radio commercials/adverts to the main theme song of the hit F/X television show Rescue Me.\nWhile touring this record Stollsteimer played the Reading and Leeds Festivals, Glastonbury Festival and Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival\n\nLove, Hate and Then There's You\nJason Stollsteimer's last release with the Von Bondies, \"Love, Hate and Then There's You,\" has gone through a long process of discovery and change before coming to its current polished form.\n\nIn early 2006, a handful of demos were posted on the Von Bondies Myspace page. Later the band posted more songs on the MySpace page including \"Shut Your Mouth,\" \"Pale Bride,\" and \"Only to Haunt You.\" Don Blum played drums on these recordings with all other instruments played by Jason. \nLove, Hate and Then There's You was the first time Stollsteimer ever collaborated songwriting with anyone. The songs 'This is our perfect crime\" and \"Accidents will Happen\" were co-written with Butch Walker who also produced some songs on the album. The songs \"blame game\" and \"Earthquake\" were co-written with longtime drummer Don Blum. The album was eventually released in 2009 on Majordomo Records.\n\nHounds Below\nStollsteimer later became the frontman for Hounds Below, which he established in 2009 and had focused on full-time following the breakup of the Von Bondies. Hounds Below released their debut album, You Light Me Up In the Dark, in 2012.\n\nPONYSHOW\nStollsteimer was the frontman for PONYSHOW, which he established in 2014 with two of his former Von Bondie bandmates, Don Blum and Leann Banks.\n\nPersonal life\nStollsteimer was born in Southfield, Michigan. His mother was a nurse, and his father an architect. He grew up in the Detroit suburbs of Plymouth, Michigan with his one brother, Eric. As a child, he went to school at Plymouth-Canton Educational Park. He later lived in Ann Arbor/Ypsilanti, where in 1997 he became friends with his new schoolmate at College, Marcie Bolen, who would become his band's first guitarist. A year later, while studying at Washtenaw Community College, Stollsteimer met Don Blum who would eventually become his drummer in the band The Von Bondies.\n\nJason currently resides in metro-Detroit and works full time as a real estate agent.\n\nMusical equipment\nGuitars:\n Eko Condor – Sunburst\n Gibson ES-345 (stereo)\n Mosrite Celebrity – Sunburst\n Fender Jaguar Special HH – Black\n Fender Jazzmaster – Sunburst\n\nEffects pedals:\n Electro-harmonix Big Muff\n Colorsound Tone-bender Fuzz\n\nAmplifiers:\n 1969 Fender Pro Reverb\n Fender Twin\n Fender Concert Reverb\n Silvertone 1485 6x10\"\n Fender Hot Rod DeVille\n\nControversy\nStollsteimer and Jack White of The White Stripes had a confrontation on December 13, 2003, at the Majestic Theatre Center, in a Detroit night-club called The Magic Stick. This was the second time the two had been in a physical altercation over the unresolved issues surrounding the production credit that Jim Diamond believed he deserved on the 2001 Von Bondies album, Lack of Communication. Diamond and the rest of the Von Bondies both agreed that Diamond did most of the production work, but White denied their claims and personally placed his own name on the credits of the album as the sole producer, which led to the brawl. Additionally, Diamond was also suing the White Stripes at the time claiming he produced their two earliest albums, which may have added fuel to the conflict. The first attack was one year earlier, also in Detroit. White's and Stollsteimer's police reports on the incident contradict each other as to who started the scuffle. In March 2004, White pleaded guilty to assault and battery, was made to pay $750 (including court costs) and to attend anger management classes.\n\nSee also\n The Von Bondies\n Indie rock\n Garage rock revival\n Hounds Below\n\nReferences\n\n1978 births\nLiving people\nAmerican rock guitarists\nAmerican male guitarists\nAmerican rock singers\nMusicians from Ann Arbor, Michigan\nPeople from Plymouth, Michigan\nSingers from Michigan\nGuitarists from Michigan\n21st-century American singers\n21st-century American guitarists\n21st-century American male singers", "The Von Bondies are an American alternative rock band formed in 1997.\n\nThe original line-up formed at the 1997 Cramps/Guitar Wolf show by Jason Stollsteimer and Marcie Bolen. They went through a variety of member changes and band names, including The Baby Killers, before settling on The Von Bondies in 2000. Don Blum joined the band around 1999 after attending numerous Baby Killers shows, while Lauren Wilcox was picked via an audition. The Von Bondies got their break by playing a New Year's Eve show in Detroit, Michigan, in 2000. In attendance at the show was Long Gone John, owner of the Sympathy for the Record Industry label. This led to Sympathy releasing the band's debut album Lack of Communication in 2001.\n\nIn 2003, the band released the live Raw and Rare through Dim Mak Records, which was followed by their 2004 breakthrough release, Pawn Shoppe Heart, on Sire Records. Pawn Shoppe was produced by Jerry Harrison of Talking Heads and co-produced by Stollsteimer.\n\nThe album reached a peak of No. 36 in the UK Albums Chart, and No. 8 on Billboards Top Heatseekers chart and stayed in that chart for eight weeks. The hit single from this release was \"C'mon C'mon\", which reached No. 25 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart and garnered national radio play. \"C'mon C'mon\" reached No. 21 and \"Tell Me What You See\" reached No. 43 on the UK Singles Chart.\n\nA shortened version of \"C'mon C'mon\" was the theme song to the TV series Rescue Me and was performed live by the band in Michael Winterbottom's film 9 Songs. MLB Network also used a brief clip of the song as the opening of their show 30 Clubs in 30 Days from 2009 to 2012.\n\nAlicia Gbur and Matt Lannoo of The Nice Device were touring members of the band from 2007-2008. In 2008, the band signed with indie label Majordomo Records, joining label mates The Airborne Toxic Event and Earlimart. Their label debut, Love, Hate and Then There's You, was released in February 2009 featuring the single \"Pale Bride\".\n\nKnown as a touring act, The Von Bondies have headlined tours of the United Kingdom/Europe, Australia, and the United States, taking along supporting bands like The Kills, Kasabian, Franz Ferdinand, Modey Lemon, SSM, The Subways, The Stills, Hot Panda and The Donnas. They have also appeared on Late Show with David Letterman, Last Call with Carson Daly and CD:UK.\n\nThe group disbanded in July 2011. Its lineup at the time was Jason Stollsteimer on vocals and lead guitar, Don Blum on drums, Christy Hunt on rhythm guitar, and Leann Banks on bass guitar.\n\nThey reformed in 2020 and planned a reunion tour, but those plans had to be abandoned due to the COVID-19 pandemic.\n\nBiography\n\nEarly days\nIn 2000, Stollsteimer and Marcie Bolen attended a concert by Japanese garage punk band Guitar Wolf. At the time, Stollsteimer was working a job as a bowling alley bartender and Marcie as a hairdresser. The performance spurred Stollsteimer to create his own band, The Baby Killers, which toured with fellow Detroit bands The Detroit Cobras, The Go and The White Stripes. After recruiting Lauren Wilcox on bass and Don Blum on drums the band changed their name to the Von Bondies.\n\nWhile playing a handful of shows in the Detroit area, the quartet recorded singles \"It Came from Japan\", an ode to Guitar Wolf, and \"Nite Train\".\n\nLack of Communication (2001–2002)\nJack White produced the Von Bondies' debut album, Lack of Communication, in late 2001. It was recorded in three days. It was released in 2001 by Sympathy for the Record Industry, and in the UK by Sweet Nothing Records. The hidden bonus track was a cover of Sam Cooke's \"Bring It On Home to Me\", with Bolen on lead vocals. The band said this is the least expensive album they made.\n\nPawn Shoppe Heart (2003–2005)\nThe group relocated to a San Francisco recording studio in early 2002 with producer Jerry Harrison to begin work on Pawn Shoppe Heart.\n\nBroken ties\nOn the evening of December 13, 2003, an altercation occurred between Stollsteimer and the White Stripes frontman Jack White during the record release party for the band Blanche at The Magic Stick (a Detroit music club and part of the Majestic Theater complex). Stollsteimer was treated for injuries at Detroit Receiving Hospital. Detroit police arrested White and the Wayne County prosecutor's office charged him with aggravated assault. White pleaded guilty to assault and a judge sentenced him to anger management classes.\n\nLove, Hate and Then There's You (2009–2011)\nThe Von Bondies' third album is Love, Hate and Then There's You. It was released on February 3, 2009. They released a limited-edition 7-inch single of \"Pale Bride\" from the album, backed with the non-album song \"Falling in Love\".\n\nThe Von Bondies celebrated their ninth year together with this release. This was the first time that a Von Bondies release saw Don Blum co-write with Stollsteimer. Love, Hate was produced by Jason Stollsteimer, with three songs by Butch Walker and three songs by Rick Parker. All songs were written by Jason Stollsteimer, except \"Blame Game\" and \"Earthquake\", which were co-written by Stollsteimer and Blum.\n\nMembersCurrent membersJason Stollsteimer − lead vocals, lead guitar (1997–2011, 2020–present)\nLeann Banks − bass guitar, backing vocals (2006–2011, 2020–present)\nChristy Hunt − rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2008–2011, 2020–present)\nDon Blum − drums, percussion (1999–2011, 2020–present)Former membersLauren Wilcox − bass guitar (2000–2001)\nCarrie Ann Smith − bass guitar, backing vocals (2001–2004)\nYasmine Smith − bass guitar, backing vocals (2004–2006)\nMarcie Bolen − rhythm guitar (1997–2006)Touring members'''\nAlicia Gbur − rhythm guitar, keyboards, backing vocals (2007–2008)\nMatt Lannoo − lead and rhythm guitar (2007–2008)\n\nTimeline\n\nDiscography\n\nStudio albums\n\nEPs\n\"We Are Kamikazes\" (Intheact Records, 2008)\n\nSingles\n\"Nite Train\" 7\" (D wreckED hiT Records, 2000)\n\"It Came from Japan\" 7\" (Sympathy for the Record Industry, 2001)\n\"It Came from Japan\" CD single (Sweet Nothing, 2002)\n\"Tell Me What You See\" 7\" (Must Destroy Music, 2002)\n\"C'mon C'mon\" 7\" (WEA international, 2004)\n\"C'mon C'mon\" CD single (WEA International, 2004)\n\"Tell Me What You See\" CD single part 1 (WEA International, 2004)\n\"Tell Me What You See\" CD single part 2 (WEA International, 2004)\n\"Tell Me What You See\" 7\" (Sire Records, 2004)\n\"Pale Bride\" 7\" (Majordomo Records, 2008)\n\nCompilationsSympathetic Sounds of Detroit LP/CD (Sympathy for the Record Industry, 2001, SFTRI 623)X-Mas Surprise Package Volume 4 7\" (Flying Bomb Records, 2001, FLB-118)New Blood – The New Rock N Roll Vol 2 CD (Artrocker, 2002, RRR 33003)X-Ray CD01 (Swinstead Publishing Limited, 2002, CD01)Rough Trade Shops Rock and Roll 2xCD (Mute, 2002, CDStumm 212)The New Rock Revolution CD (NME magazine, 2002, NME CD 02-?)Dim Mak 2003 Sampler CD (Dim Mak, 2003, DM 045)X-Mas Surprise Package (The Collector's Edition) CD (Flying Bomb Records, 2002, FLB-122)Smash Music Sampler CD (Smash Music, 2004, smash 008)Sympathy for the Download 00 CD (Record Collection Music, 2004)House of Wax Soundtrack (Maverick Records, 2005)Rescue Me Soundtrack (Nettwerk Records, 2006)Lost Boys: The Tribe Soundtrack (Adrenaline Records, 2008)\n\nVideography\n\nMusic videos\n\nDVDs featuring the Von Bondies\n Later... with Jools Holland: Louder (2003) – features a live performance of \"Lack of Communication\" from May 2002.\n 9 Songs (2004) – features a live performance of \"C'mon C'mon\" as one of the nine songs.\n In Her Shoes (2005) – features the song \"C'mon C'mon\".\n\nMedia usage\n \"C'mon C'mon\" is the opening theme used for the FX series Rescue Me.\n \"C'mon C'mon\" has been used in the PlayStation 2 and Xbox game Burnout 3: Takedown.\n \"C'mon C'mon\" has been used in the PlayStation Portable game Gretzky NHL.\n \"C'mon C'mon\" has been used in the MVP Baseball series of video games.\n \"C'mon C'mon\" is featured as a download for the console game Rock Band/Rock Band 2.\n \"C'mon C'mon\" has been modified to fit into the video game Tribes: Vengeance on the MTV2 television show Video Mods''.\n\nInterviews\n Love for The Von Bondies – from Torontomusicscene.ca\n\nReferences\n\nAlternative rock groups from Michigan\nGarage rock groups from Michigan\nMusical groups established in 1997\nMusical groups disestablished in 2011\nSympathy for the Record Industry artists\nSire Records artists\nMusical groups from Detroit\n1997 establishments in Michigan\n2011 disestablishments in Michigan" ]

[ "Jack White", "Controversy", "For what reason is Jack White controversial?", "White was involved in an altercation with Jason Stollsteimer, lead singer of the Von Bondies,", "What occurred in White's altercation with Jason Stollsteimer?", "White was charged with misdemeanor aggravated assault." ]

[ "Jason Elliott Stollsteimer (born April 22, 1978) is an American musician who was the vocalist and guitarist for the indie rock band The Von Bondies, which took a break in 2011. Stollsteimer also was the main songwriter and producer of the Von Bondies. He released three studio albums with The Von Bondies, one studio album with Hounds Below and is currently playing with PONYSHOW.\n\nMusical career\n\nLack of Communication\nHis debut album, Lack of Communication, was released in 2001 on Sympathy for the Record Industry. Jason toured the states with the first incarnation of The Von Bondies featuring longtime friend Carrie Smith on the bass, Don Blum on drums and Marcie Bolen (Silverghost, Slumber Party) on Guitar. Over ten U.S. tours were done in order to help promote the record. The group shared the stage with The Cramps, on their 8th US tour. Jason and The Von Bondies also played several shows in the U.K. and Europe and a live performance on the Later... with Jools Holland in London.\n\nRaw & Rare\nIn 2003 the Von Bondies released a live record that consisted mostly of recording from live BBC recordings from the John Peel sessions.\n\nPawn Shoppe Heart\nIn 2004, Stollsteimer released his second studio album, Pawn Shoppe Heart, and toured extensively in the US, UK, and Europe\n\n\"C'mon C'mon\" was the first single and reached the UK Top 25 for the first time (peaking at #21), and also generated some huge buzz for Stollsteimer.\n\nOne other single was released from the album. \"Tell me what you see\" which reached number 43 in the UK charts. Almost every track from the album has appeared in numerous commercials, Movies and TV shows. One song in particular (c'mon c'mon) was used more than all the others combined. From uses in local radio commercials/adverts to the main theme song of the hit F/X television show Rescue Me.\nWhile touring this record Stollsteimer played the Reading and Leeds Festivals, Glastonbury Festival and Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival\n\nLove, Hate and Then There's You\nJason Stollsteimer's last release with the Von Bondies, \"Love, Hate and Then There's You,\" has gone through a long process of discovery and change before coming to its current polished form.\n\nIn early 2006, a handful of demos were posted on the Von Bondies Myspace page. Later the band posted more songs on the MySpace page including \"Shut Your Mouth,\" \"Pale Bride,\" and \"Only to Haunt You.\" Don Blum played drums on these recordings with all other instruments played by Jason. \nLove, Hate and Then There's You was the first time Stollsteimer ever collaborated songwriting with anyone. The songs 'This is our perfect crime\" and \"Accidents will Happen\" were co-written with Butch Walker who also produced some songs on the album. The songs \"blame game\" and \"Earthquake\" were co-written with longtime drummer Don Blum. The album was eventually released in 2009 on Majordomo Records.\n\nHounds Below\nStollsteimer later became the frontman for Hounds Below, which he established in 2009 and had focused on full-time following the breakup of the Von Bondies. Hounds Below released their debut album, You Light Me Up In the Dark, in 2012.\n\nPONYSHOW\nStollsteimer was the frontman for PONYSHOW, which he established in 2014 with two of his former Von Bondie bandmates, Don Blum and Leann Banks.\n\nPersonal life\nStollsteimer was born in Southfield, Michigan. His mother was a nurse, and his father an architect. He grew up in the Detroit suburbs of Plymouth, Michigan with his one brother, Eric. As a child, he went to school at Plymouth-Canton Educational Park. He later lived in Ann Arbor/Ypsilanti, where in 1997 he became friends with his new schoolmate at College, Marcie Bolen, who would become his band's first guitarist. A year later, while studying at Washtenaw Community College, Stollsteimer met Don Blum who would eventually become his drummer in the band The Von Bondies.\n\nJason currently resides in metro-Detroit and works full time as a real estate agent.\n\nMusical equipment\nGuitars:\n Eko Condor – Sunburst\n Gibson ES-345 (stereo)\n Mosrite Celebrity – Sunburst\n Fender Jaguar Special HH – Black\n Fender Jazzmaster – Sunburst\n\nEffects pedals:\n Electro-harmonix Big Muff\n Colorsound Tone-bender Fuzz\n\nAmplifiers:\n 1969 Fender Pro Reverb\n Fender Twin\n Fender Concert Reverb\n Silvertone 1485 6x10\"\n Fender Hot Rod DeVille\n\nControversy\nStollsteimer and Jack White of The White Stripes had a confrontation on December 13, 2003, at the Majestic Theatre Center, in a Detroit night-club called The Magic Stick. This was the second time the two had been in a physical altercation over the unresolved issues surrounding the production credit that Jim Diamond believed he deserved on the 2001 Von Bondies album, Lack of Communication. Diamond and the rest of the Von Bondies both agreed that Diamond did most of the production work, but White denied their claims and personally placed his own name on the credits of the album as the sole producer, which led to the brawl. Additionally, Diamond was also suing the White Stripes at the time claiming he produced their two earliest albums, which may have added fuel to the conflict. The first attack was one year earlier, also in Detroit. White's and Stollsteimer's police reports on the incident contradict each other as to who started the scuffle. In March 2004, White pleaded guilty to assault and battery, was made to pay $750 (including court costs) and to attend anger management classes.\n\nSee also\n The Von Bondies\n Indie rock\n Garage rock revival\n Hounds Below\n\nReferences\n\n1978 births\nLiving people\nAmerican rock guitarists\nAmerican male guitarists\nAmerican rock singers\nMusicians from Ann Arbor, Michigan\nPeople from Plymouth, Michigan\nSingers from Michigan\nGuitarists from Michigan\n21st-century American singers\n21st-century American guitarists\n21st-century American male singers", "The Von Bondies are an American alternative rock band formed in 1997.\n\nThe original line-up formed at the 1997 Cramps/Guitar Wolf show by Jason Stollsteimer and Marcie Bolen. They went through a variety of member changes and band names, including The Baby Killers, before settling on The Von Bondies in 2000. Don Blum joined the band around 1999 after attending numerous Baby Killers shows, while Lauren Wilcox was picked via an audition. The Von Bondies got their break by playing a New Year's Eve show in Detroit, Michigan, in 2000. In attendance at the show was Long Gone John, owner of the Sympathy for the Record Industry label. This led to Sympathy releasing the band's debut album Lack of Communication in 2001.\n\nIn 2003, the band released the live Raw and Rare through Dim Mak Records, which was followed by their 2004 breakthrough release, Pawn Shoppe Heart, on Sire Records. Pawn Shoppe was produced by Jerry Harrison of Talking Heads and co-produced by Stollsteimer.\n\nThe album reached a peak of No. 36 in the UK Albums Chart, and No. 8 on Billboards Top Heatseekers chart and stayed in that chart for eight weeks. The hit single from this release was \"C'mon C'mon\", which reached No. 25 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart and garnered national radio play. \"C'mon C'mon\" reached No. 21 and \"Tell Me What You See\" reached No. 43 on the UK Singles Chart.\n\nA shortened version of \"C'mon C'mon\" was the theme song to the TV series Rescue Me and was performed live by the band in Michael Winterbottom's film 9 Songs. MLB Network also used a brief clip of the song as the opening of their show 30 Clubs in 30 Days from 2009 to 2012.\n\nAlicia Gbur and Matt Lannoo of The Nice Device were touring members of the band from 2007-2008. In 2008, the band signed with indie label Majordomo Records, joining label mates The Airborne Toxic Event and Earlimart. Their label debut, Love, Hate and Then There's You, was released in February 2009 featuring the single \"Pale Bride\".\n\nKnown as a touring act, The Von Bondies have headlined tours of the United Kingdom/Europe, Australia, and the United States, taking along supporting bands like The Kills, Kasabian, Franz Ferdinand, Modey Lemon, SSM, The Subways, The Stills, Hot Panda and The Donnas. They have also appeared on Late Show with David Letterman, Last Call with Carson Daly and CD:UK.\n\nThe group disbanded in July 2011. Its lineup at the time was Jason Stollsteimer on vocals and lead guitar, Don Blum on drums, Christy Hunt on rhythm guitar, and Leann Banks on bass guitar.\n\nThey reformed in 2020 and planned a reunion tour, but those plans had to be abandoned due to the COVID-19 pandemic.\n\nBiography\n\nEarly days\nIn 2000, Stollsteimer and Marcie Bolen attended a concert by Japanese garage punk band Guitar Wolf. At the time, Stollsteimer was working a job as a bowling alley bartender and Marcie as a hairdresser. The performance spurred Stollsteimer to create his own band, The Baby Killers, which toured with fellow Detroit bands The Detroit Cobras, The Go and The White Stripes. After recruiting Lauren Wilcox on bass and Don Blum on drums the band changed their name to the Von Bondies.\n\nWhile playing a handful of shows in the Detroit area, the quartet recorded singles \"It Came from Japan\", an ode to Guitar Wolf, and \"Nite Train\".\n\nLack of Communication (2001–2002)\nJack White produced the Von Bondies' debut album, Lack of Communication, in late 2001. It was recorded in three days. It was released in 2001 by Sympathy for the Record Industry, and in the UK by Sweet Nothing Records. The hidden bonus track was a cover of Sam Cooke's \"Bring It On Home to Me\", with Bolen on lead vocals. The band said this is the least expensive album they made.\n\nPawn Shoppe Heart (2003–2005)\nThe group relocated to a San Francisco recording studio in early 2002 with producer Jerry Harrison to begin work on Pawn Shoppe Heart.\n\nBroken ties\nOn the evening of December 13, 2003, an altercation occurred between Stollsteimer and the White Stripes frontman Jack White during the record release party for the band Blanche at The Magic Stick (a Detroit music club and part of the Majestic Theater complex). Stollsteimer was treated for injuries at Detroit Receiving Hospital. Detroit police arrested White and the Wayne County prosecutor's office charged him with aggravated assault. White pleaded guilty to assault and a judge sentenced him to anger management classes.\n\nLove, Hate and Then There's You (2009–2011)\nThe Von Bondies' third album is Love, Hate and Then There's You. It was released on February 3, 2009. They released a limited-edition 7-inch single of \"Pale Bride\" from the album, backed with the non-album song \"Falling in Love\".\n\nThe Von Bondies celebrated their ninth year together with this release. This was the first time that a Von Bondies release saw Don Blum co-write with Stollsteimer. Love, Hate was produced by Jason Stollsteimer, with three songs by Butch Walker and three songs by Rick Parker. All songs were written by Jason Stollsteimer, except \"Blame Game\" and \"Earthquake\", which were co-written by Stollsteimer and Blum.\n\nMembersCurrent membersJason Stollsteimer − lead vocals, lead guitar (1997–2011, 2020–present)\nLeann Banks − bass guitar, backing vocals (2006–2011, 2020–present)\nChristy Hunt − rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2008–2011, 2020–present)\nDon Blum − drums, percussion (1999–2011, 2020–present)Former membersLauren Wilcox − bass guitar (2000–2001)\nCarrie Ann Smith − bass guitar, backing vocals (2001–2004)\nYasmine Smith − bass guitar, backing vocals (2004–2006)\nMarcie Bolen − rhythm guitar (1997–2006)Touring members'''\nAlicia Gbur − rhythm guitar, keyboards, backing vocals (2007–2008)\nMatt Lannoo − lead and rhythm guitar (2007–2008)\n\nTimeline\n\nDiscography\n\nStudio albums\n\nEPs\n\"We Are Kamikazes\" (Intheact Records, 2008)\n\nSingles\n\"Nite Train\" 7\" (D wreckED hiT Records, 2000)\n\"It Came from Japan\" 7\" (Sympathy for the Record Industry, 2001)\n\"It Came from Japan\" CD single (Sweet Nothing, 2002)\n\"Tell Me What You See\" 7\" (Must Destroy Music, 2002)\n\"C'mon C'mon\" 7\" (WEA international, 2004)\n\"C'mon C'mon\" CD single (WEA International, 2004)\n\"Tell Me What You See\" CD single part 1 (WEA International, 2004)\n\"Tell Me What You See\" CD single part 2 (WEA International, 2004)\n\"Tell Me What You See\" 7\" (Sire Records, 2004)\n\"Pale Bride\" 7\" (Majordomo Records, 2008)\n\nCompilationsSympathetic Sounds of Detroit LP/CD (Sympathy for the Record Industry, 2001, SFTRI 623)X-Mas Surprise Package Volume 4 7\" (Flying Bomb Records, 2001, FLB-118)New Blood – The New Rock N Roll Vol 2 CD (Artrocker, 2002, RRR 33003)X-Ray CD01 (Swinstead Publishing Limited, 2002, CD01)Rough Trade Shops Rock and Roll 2xCD (Mute, 2002, CDStumm 212)The New Rock Revolution CD (NME magazine, 2002, NME CD 02-?)Dim Mak 2003 Sampler CD (Dim Mak, 2003, DM 045)X-Mas Surprise Package (The Collector's Edition) CD (Flying Bomb Records, 2002, FLB-122)Smash Music Sampler CD (Smash Music, 2004, smash 008)Sympathy for the Download 00 CD (Record Collection Music, 2004)House of Wax Soundtrack (Maverick Records, 2005)Rescue Me Soundtrack (Nettwerk Records, 2006)Lost Boys: The Tribe Soundtrack (Adrenaline Records, 2008)\n\nVideography\n\nMusic videos\n\nDVDs featuring the Von Bondies\n Later... with Jools Holland: Louder (2003) – features a live performance of \"Lack of Communication\" from May 2002.\n 9 Songs (2004) – features a live performance of \"C'mon C'mon\" as one of the nine songs.\n In Her Shoes (2005) – features the song \"C'mon C'mon\".\n\nMedia usage\n \"C'mon C'mon\" is the opening theme used for the FX series Rescue Me.\n \"C'mon C'mon\" has been used in the PlayStation 2 and Xbox game Burnout 3: Takedown.\n \"C'mon C'mon\" has been used in the PlayStation Portable game Gretzky NHL.\n \"C'mon C'mon\" has been used in the MVP Baseball series of video games.\n \"C'mon C'mon\" is featured as a download for the console game Rock Band/Rock Band 2.\n \"C'mon C'mon\" has been modified to fit into the video game Tribes: Vengeance on the MTV2 television show Video Mods''.\n\nInterviews\n Love for The Von Bondies – from Torontomusicscene.ca\n\nReferences\n\nAlternative rock groups from Michigan\nGarage rock groups from Michigan\nMusical groups established in 1997\nMusical groups disestablished in 2011\nSympathy for the Record Industry artists\nSire Records artists\nMusical groups from Detroit\n1997 establishments in Michigan\n2011 disestablishments in Michigan" ]

[ "Jack White", "Controversy", "For what reason is Jack White controversial?", "White was involved in an altercation with Jason Stollsteimer, lead singer of the Von Bondies,", "What occurred in White's altercation with Jason Stollsteimer?", "White was charged with misdemeanor aggravated assault.", "What did White do to Stollsteimer?", "He pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of assault and battery, was fined $750 (including court costs), and was sentenced to take anger management classes." ]

[ "Jason Elliott Stollsteimer (born April 22, 1978) is an American musician who was the vocalist and guitarist for the indie rock band The Von Bondies, which took a break in 2011. Stollsteimer also was the main songwriter and producer of the Von Bondies. He released three studio albums with The Von Bondies, one studio album with Hounds Below and is currently playing with PONYSHOW.\n\nMusical career\n\nLack of Communication\nHis debut album, Lack of Communication, was released in 2001 on Sympathy for the Record Industry. Jason toured the states with the first incarnation of The Von Bondies featuring longtime friend Carrie Smith on the bass, Don Blum on drums and Marcie Bolen (Silverghost, Slumber Party) on Guitar. Over ten U.S. tours were done in order to help promote the record. The group shared the stage with The Cramps, on their 8th US tour. Jason and The Von Bondies also played several shows in the U.K. and Europe and a live performance on the Later... with Jools Holland in London.\n\nRaw & Rare\nIn 2003 the Von Bondies released a live record that consisted mostly of recording from live BBC recordings from the John Peel sessions.\n\nPawn Shoppe Heart\nIn 2004, Stollsteimer released his second studio album, Pawn Shoppe Heart, and toured extensively in the US, UK, and Europe\n\n\"C'mon C'mon\" was the first single and reached the UK Top 25 for the first time (peaking at #21), and also generated some huge buzz for Stollsteimer.\n\nOne other single was released from the album. \"Tell me what you see\" which reached number 43 in the UK charts. Almost every track from the album has appeared in numerous commercials, Movies and TV shows. One song in particular (c'mon c'mon) was used more than all the others combined. From uses in local radio commercials/adverts to the main theme song of the hit F/X television show Rescue Me.\nWhile touring this record Stollsteimer played the Reading and Leeds Festivals, Glastonbury Festival and Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival\n\nLove, Hate and Then There's You\nJason Stollsteimer's last release with the Von Bondies, \"Love, Hate and Then There's You,\" has gone through a long process of discovery and change before coming to its current polished form.\n\nIn early 2006, a handful of demos were posted on the Von Bondies Myspace page. Later the band posted more songs on the MySpace page including \"Shut Your Mouth,\" \"Pale Bride,\" and \"Only to Haunt You.\" Don Blum played drums on these recordings with all other instruments played by Jason. \nLove, Hate and Then There's You was the first time Stollsteimer ever collaborated songwriting with anyone. The songs 'This is our perfect crime\" and \"Accidents will Happen\" were co-written with Butch Walker who also produced some songs on the album. The songs \"blame game\" and \"Earthquake\" were co-written with longtime drummer Don Blum. The album was eventually released in 2009 on Majordomo Records.\n\nHounds Below\nStollsteimer later became the frontman for Hounds Below, which he established in 2009 and had focused on full-time following the breakup of the Von Bondies. Hounds Below released their debut album, You Light Me Up In the Dark, in 2012.\n\nPONYSHOW\nStollsteimer was the frontman for PONYSHOW, which he established in 2014 with two of his former Von Bondie bandmates, Don Blum and Leann Banks.\n\nPersonal life\nStollsteimer was born in Southfield, Michigan. His mother was a nurse, and his father an architect. He grew up in the Detroit suburbs of Plymouth, Michigan with his one brother, Eric. As a child, he went to school at Plymouth-Canton Educational Park. He later lived in Ann Arbor/Ypsilanti, where in 1997 he became friends with his new schoolmate at College, Marcie Bolen, who would become his band's first guitarist. A year later, while studying at Washtenaw Community College, Stollsteimer met Don Blum who would eventually become his drummer in the band The Von Bondies.\n\nJason currently resides in metro-Detroit and works full time as a real estate agent.\n\nMusical equipment\nGuitars:\n Eko Condor – Sunburst\n Gibson ES-345 (stereo)\n Mosrite Celebrity – Sunburst\n Fender Jaguar Special HH – Black\n Fender Jazzmaster – Sunburst\n\nEffects pedals:\n Electro-harmonix Big Muff\n Colorsound Tone-bender Fuzz\n\nAmplifiers:\n 1969 Fender Pro Reverb\n Fender Twin\n Fender Concert Reverb\n Silvertone 1485 6x10\"\n Fender Hot Rod DeVille\n\nControversy\nStollsteimer and Jack White of The White Stripes had a confrontation on December 13, 2003, at the Majestic Theatre Center, in a Detroit night-club called The Magic Stick. This was the second time the two had been in a physical altercation over the unresolved issues surrounding the production credit that Jim Diamond believed he deserved on the 2001 Von Bondies album, Lack of Communication. Diamond and the rest of the Von Bondies both agreed that Diamond did most of the production work, but White denied their claims and personally placed his own name on the credits of the album as the sole producer, which led to the brawl. Additionally, Diamond was also suing the White Stripes at the time claiming he produced their two earliest albums, which may have added fuel to the conflict. The first attack was one year earlier, also in Detroit. White's and Stollsteimer's police reports on the incident contradict each other as to who started the scuffle. In March 2004, White pleaded guilty to assault and battery, was made to pay $750 (including court costs) and to attend anger management classes.\n\nSee also\n The Von Bondies\n Indie rock\n Garage rock revival\n Hounds Below\n\nReferences\n\n1978 births\nLiving people\nAmerican rock guitarists\nAmerican male guitarists\nAmerican rock singers\nMusicians from Ann Arbor, Michigan\nPeople from Plymouth, Michigan\nSingers from Michigan\nGuitarists from Michigan\n21st-century American singers\n21st-century American guitarists\n21st-century American male singers", "Hounds Below are an American rock band from Ferndale, consisting of Jason Stollsteimer (lead vocals, guitar), Will Shattuck (drums) and Adam Michael Lee Padden (bass, backing vocals). They were formed in 2009, while Stollsteimer was still recording and touring with the Von Bondies. After they broke up, he started recruiting members into the Hounds Below and started recording their debut album, You Light Me Up In The Dark, which was released in 2012.\n\nTouring\nHounds Below have shared the stage with Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, Ash, The Heavy, The Raveonettes, The Grates, The Horrors, The Black Angels, Company of Thieves, Airborne Toxic Event, The Like, Band of Skulls and The Whigs.\n\nSee also\nMusic of Detroit\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official website\n\nIndie rock musical groups from Michigan\nMusical groups from Michigan\nMusical groups established in 2009\nMusical collectives\n2009 establishments in Michigan" ]

[ "Jack White", "Controversy", "For what reason is Jack White controversial?", "White was involved in an altercation with Jason Stollsteimer, lead singer of the Von Bondies,", "What occurred in White's altercation with Jason Stollsteimer?", "White was charged with misdemeanor aggravated assault.", "What did White do to Stollsteimer?", "He pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of assault and battery, was fined $750 (including court costs), and was sentenced to take anger management classes.", "Was Stollsteimer also charged in the incident?", "I don't know." ]

[ "On 26 September 1992 a Nigerian Air Force Lockheed C-130H Hercules crashed three minutes after take-off from Lagos, Nigeria. All 159 people on board were killed, including 8 foreign nationals. The aircraft was taking off at high weight and three engines failed. The aircraft was serial number 911.\n\nSome reports claim there were 163 on board, others 174 or even 200 including some unidentified civilians, and possible military personnel who hitched a ride. In any case, a total 151 Nigerians, 5 Ghanaians, 1 Tanzanian, 1 Zimbabwean, and 1 Ugandan military officers were confirmed to have died.\n\nReferences\n\nAccidents and incidents involving the Lockheed C-130 Hercules\nAccidents and incidents involving military aircraft\n1992 in Nigeria\nAviation accidents and incidents in 1992\nAviation accidents and incidents in Nigeria\n20th century in Lagos\nSeptember 1992 events in Africa", "This is a list of marauding terrorist incidents. Marauding terrorist incidents refers to terrorist incidents which occur across multiple sites and perpetrated by the same attacker or group of attackers where firearms are the principle weapon. Not included are car bomb attacks, there is a separate list for attacks using car bombs unless attackers also used firearms in the attacks. Mass suicide bombings such as the 7 July 2005 London bombings will not be counted either, unless there are firearms used in the attacks.\n\nSee also\nList of non-state terrorist incidents\nList of terrorist incidents by death toll\nList of mass car bombings\n\nReferences\n\nmarauding" ]

[ "Mark Cuban", "SEC insider trading allegation" ]

[ "Red Dress Boutique is a women's clothing store located in Athens, Georgia which also sells retail online. It appeared on Season 6 of Shark Tank where it was offered a $1.2 million investment.\n\nHistory\n\nRed Dress Boutique was founded by Diana Harbour in 2005. During her college years at Columbus State University, she grew to love small fashion boutiques while working at three small clothing shops. She opened her first boutique on Baxter street in Athens, Georgia because of the area's thriving local business scene and lack of chain stores. A second Red Dress Boutique location followed but later closed. An eCommerce site launched on December 6, 2009. In 2014, the company made $15 million in online sales.\n\nThe company appeared on Season 6 of Shark Tank where Mark Cuban and Robert Herjavec split a $1.2 million investment in exchange for 20% equity in the company.\n\nDiana Harbour bought back her equity from Mark Cuban on January 17, 2019. The news was made public on their Instagram feed. It was not disclosed what the purchase amount was for the buyback.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\nRetail companies established in 2005\nClothing retailers of the United States\nCompanies based in Athens, Georgia\n2005 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)\nClothing companies established in 2005", "Roberney Caballero Ariosa (born November 2, 1995) is a Cuban footballer who plays as a midfielder for Cuban club Villa Clara and the Cuban national team.\n\nClub career\nCaballero scored six goals in the 2016 season, leading Villa Clara to their 14th league title. He was named that season's Most Valuable Player by the Football Association of Cuba.\n\nInternational career\nCaballero represented the Cuban national under-20 team at the 2015 CONCACAF U-20 Championship, playing in all five group matches. He scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw with Haiti. He also scored against Honduras, but the strike was ruled offside.\n\nHe made his senior international debut on 7 October 2016, during a match against the United States. In what was the first friendly between the two countries since 1947, Caballero hit the post in the second half of Cuba's 2–0 defeat.\n\nCareer statistics\n\nInternational\n\nInternational goals\nScores and results list Cuba's goal tally first.\n\nHonours\n\nClub\nVilla Clara\n Campeonato Nacional: 2016\n\nIndividual\n Campeonato Nacional MVP: 2016\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n \n Roberney Caballero at ESPNFC\n Roberney Caballero at CaribbeanFootballDatabase\n\n1995 births\nLiving people\nAssociation football midfielders\nCuban footballers\nCuba international footballers\nCuba under-20 international footballers\nFC Villa Clara players\nFC Camagüey players\nPeople from Remedios, Cuba\n2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup players\n2015 CONCACAF U-20 Championship players" ]

[ "Mark Cuban", "SEC insider trading allegation", "What allegation was made against Mark Cuban?", "(SEC) filed a civil suit against Cuban relating to alleged insider trading in the shares of Mamma.com, now known as Copernic." ]

[ "The outcome bias is an error made in evaluating the quality of a decision when the outcome of that decision is already known. Specifically, the outcome effect occurs when the same \"behavior produce[s] more ethical condemnation when it happen[s] to produce bad rather than good outcome, even if the outcome is determined by chance.\"\n\nWhile similar to the hindsight bias, the two phenomena are markedly different. Hindsight bias focuses on memory distortion to favor the actor, while the outcome bias focuses exclusively on weighting the past outcome heavier than other pieces of information in deciding if a past decision was correct.\n\nOverview\nOne will often judge a past decision by its ultimate outcome instead of based on the quality of the decision at the time it was made, given what was known at that time. This is an error because no decision-maker ever knows whether or not a calculated risk will turn out for the best. The actual outcome of the decision will often be determined by chance, with some risks working out and others not. Individuals whose judgments are influenced by outcome bias are seemingly holding decision-makers responsible for events beyond their control.\n\nBaron and Hershey (1988) presented subjects with hypothetical situations in order to test this.\nOne such example involved a surgeon deciding whether or not to do a risky surgery on a patient. The surgery had a known probability of success. Subjects were presented with either a good or bad outcome (in this case living or dying), and asked to rate the quality of the surgeon's pre-operation decision. Those presented with bad outcomes rated the decision worse than those who had good outcomes. \"The ends justify the means\" is an often used aphorism to express the Outcome effect when the outcome is desirable.\n\nThe reason why an individual makes this mistake is that he or she will incorporate currently available information when evaluating a past decision. To avoid the influence of outcome bias, one should evaluate a decision by ignoring information collected after the fact and focusing on what the right answer is, or was at the time the decision was made.\n\nOutside of psychological experiments, the outcome bias has been found to be substantially present in real world situations. A study looking at the evaluation of football players' performance by coaches and journalists found that players' performance is judged to be substantially better—over a whole match—if the player had a lucky goal rather than an unlucky miss (after a player's shot hit one of the goal posts).\n\nSee also\n Deontology vs. teleology and consequentialism (ethical theories)\n Group attribution error\n Historian's fallacy\n List of cognitive biases\n\nReferences\n\nCognitive biases", "A four-part referendum on arbitration over a border dispute with Haiti was held in the Dominican Republic on 2 June 1895. Voters were asked whether an arbitration tribunal should be established, whether Pope Leo XIII would be an appropriate arbitrator, what compensation Haiti should receive if the outcome was favourable to the Dominican Republic, and whether the government should comply with the tribunal outcome if it was unfavourable to the Dominican Republic. All four proposals were approved by voters.\n\nAftermath\nAs a result of the referendum, the two countries signed an arbitration agreement on 3 July 1895. However, the Vatican declined the request, noting that it was \"restricted to the simple interpretation of Article 4 of the Treaty of 1874.\" Subsequently the countries agreed to form a mixed demarcation commission on 28 May 1899.\n\nSee also\nDominican Republic–Haiti relations\n\nReferences\n\n1895 referendums\n1895 in the Dominican Republic\n1895\nJune 1895 events\nDominican Republic–Haiti relations" ]

[ "Mark Cuban", "SEC insider trading allegation", "What allegation was made against Mark Cuban?", "(SEC) filed a civil suit against Cuban relating to alleged insider trading in the shares of Mamma.com, now known as Copernic.", "What was outcome?", "A federal jury in Texas found in favor of Cuban on October 16, 2013." ]

[ "sec-Butyllithium is an organometallic compound with the formula CH3CHLiCH2CH3, abbreviated sec-BuLi or s-BuLi. This chiral organolithium reagent is used as a source of sec-butyl carbanion in organic synthesis.\n\nSynthesis\nsec-BuLi can be prepared by the reaction of sec-butyl halides with lithium metal:\n\nThe carbon-lithium bond is highly polar, rendering the carbon basic, as in other organolithium reagents. Sec-butyllithium is more basic than the primary organolithium reagent, n-butyllithium. It is also more sterically hindered, though it is still useful for syntheses.\n\nApplications\nsec-BuLi is employed for deprotonations of particularly weak carbon acids where the more conventional reagent n-BuLi is unsatisfactory. It is, however, so basic that its use requires greater care than for n-BuLi. For example diethyl ether is attacked by sec-BuLi at room temperature in minutes, whereas ether solutions of n-BuLi are stable. Many transformations involving sec-butyllithium are similar to those involving other organolithium reagents. For example, sec-BuLi react with carbonyl compounds and esters to form alcohols. With copper(I) iodide sec-BuLi forms lithium di-sec-butylcuprates. The first two reactions can also be accomplished by using sec-butylmagnesium bromide, a Grignard reagent; in fact, the latter is the typical reagent for this purpose.\n\nReferences\n\nLithium compounds\nOrganolithium compounds", "Title X: Miscellaneous is the last of ten titles which comprise the USA PATRIOT Act, a bill passed in the United States after the September 11, 2001 attacks. It contains 16 sections that do not fall under other titles in the act.\n\nSec. 1001. Review of the Department of Justice.\nThe Inspector General of the Department of Justice will appoint a single official who will handle all civil rights and civil liberties abuse claims. Contact information for the official will be made public through the internet, television, and radio.\n\nSec. 1002. Sense of congress.\nCongress finds that all Americans condemn the attacks of September 11, 2001. Also, Sikh-Americans should not be discriminated against.\n\nSec. 1003. Definition of 'electronic surveillance'.\nIn FISA, one of the definitions of electronic surveillance is amended to read: \"Electronic surveillance is the acquisition by an electronic, mechanical, or other surveillance device of the contents of any wire communication to or from a person in the United States, without the consent of any party thereto, if such acquisition occurs in the United States, but does not include the acquisition of those communications of computer trespassers that would be permissible under section 2511 (2)(i) of title 18.\" There are 3 other definitions of electronic surveillance in FISA.\n\nSec. 1004. Venue in money laundering cases. \nThe jurisdiction and venue for prosecution of money laundering is expanded to allow for arrest and prosecution in any area that money laundering takes place or where transactions are made.\n\nSec. 1005. First responders assistance act. \nUp to $25 million is allowed to be appropriated each year from 2003 to 2007 for state-level terrorism prevention and anti-terrorism training grants.\n\nSec. 1006. Inadmissibility of aliens engaged in money laundering.\nAliens who are known to have participated in money laundering or are attempting to enter the U.S. to participate in money laundering may not be admitted into the United States.\n\nSec. 1007. Authorization of funds for DEA police training in South and Central Asia\nPresident Bush must provide at least $5 million in 2002 to the Republic of Turkey for drug enforcement and South and East Asia for chemical controls.\n\nSec. 1008. Feasibility study on use of biometric identifier scanning system with access to the FBI integrated automated fingerprint identification system at overseas consular posts and points of entry to the United States.\nThe Attorney General will create a study on the feasibility of using biometric identifiers to identify people as they attempt to enter the United States. It will be connected to the FBI's database to flag suspected criminals.\n\nSec. 1009. Study of access.\nUp to $250,000 will be provided to the FBI so it can provide a computer-based list of suspected terrorists' names to the airlines.\n\nSec. 1010. Temporary authority to contract with local and State governments for performance of security functions at United States military installations.\nThe Department of Defense's funding may be used for private contracts for security purposes.\n\nSec. 1011. Crimes against charitable Americans.\nCharity fraud is amended. Solicitors must promptly tell the person they call that they are calling to solicit money or something else of value.\n\nSec. 1012. Limitation on issuance of hazmat licenses\nBefore getting a license to transport hazardous materials, the driver must have a background check and demonstrate that he or she is fit to handle the materials.\n\nSec. 1013. Expressing the sense of the senate concerning the provision of funding for bioterrorism preparedness and response.\nThe Senate feels that the United States is not prepared to defend against terrorist attacks and must put an effort into preparing at all levels from city to state to federal.\n\nSec. 1014. Grant program for State and local domestic preparedness support.\nStates will receive money to buy equipment and training for first responders (police, fire, ambulance.).\n\nSec. 1015. Expansion and reauthorization of the crime identification technology act for antiterrorism grants to States and localities.\nExtends the $250,000 yearly appropriations for counter-terrorism grants to states and territories from 2003 to 2007.\n\nSec. 1016. Critical infrastructures protection.\n\nTitle X" ]

[ "Mark Cuban", "SEC insider trading allegation", "What allegation was made against Mark Cuban?", "(SEC) filed a civil suit against Cuban relating to alleged insider trading in the shares of Mamma.com, now known as Copernic.", "What was outcome?", "A federal jury in Texas found in favor of Cuban on October 16, 2013.", "Other than the SEC who else made this allegation ?", "I don't know." ]

[ "The following is a list of all suspensions and fines enforced in the National Hockey League (NHL) during the 2014–15 NHL season. It lists which players or coaches of what team have been punished for which offense and the amount of punishment they have received.\n\nBased on each player's average annual salary, divided by number of days in the season (195) for non-repeat offenders and games (82) for repeat offenders, salary will be forfeited for the term of their suspension. Players' money forfeited due to suspension or fine goes to the Players' Emergency Assistance Fund, while money forfeited by coaches, staff or organizations as a whole go to the NHL Foundation.\n\nSuspensions\n‡ - suspension covered at least one 2015 playoff game\n\n All figures are in US dollars\n Suspension will be served at the beginning of any new contract. The suspension is accompanied by mandatory referral to the NHL/NHLPA Program for Substance Abuse and Behavioral Health.\n Voynov had played in six games for the Kings before his suspension and was not reinstated before the end of the season. On May 30, 2016, the NHL ruled Voynov's suspension was still in effect and he was not eligible to play in the 2016 World Cup of Hockey. On April 9, 2019, the NHL lifted Voynov's indefinite suspension, instead suspended him for the entirety of the 2019–20 NHL season and playoffs, leaving Voynov eligible to return to play in the NHL (barring further incident) on July 1, 2020. After appeal by Voynov and the NHLPA, on May 23, 2019, NHL/NHLPA Neutral Discipline Arbitrator, Shyam Das, upheld the suspension, but credited Voynov with having already served 41 games of such suspension, thus making him eligible to return at the mid-point of the 2019-20 regular season.\n Voynov was suspended with pay and did not forfeit any salary.\n Suspension accompanied by mandatory referral to the NHL/NHLPA Program for Substance Abuse and Behavioral Health.\n\nFines\nPlayers can be fined up to 50% of one day's salary, up to a maximum of $10,000.00 for their first offense, and $15,000.00 for any subsequent offenses. Fines listed in italics indicate that was the maximum allowed fine.\n\n All figures are in US dollars\n\nFurther reading\n\nSee also \n 2014 in sports\n 2015 in sports\n 2014 NHL Entry Draft\n 2014–15 NHL season\n 2014–15 NHL transactions\n 2014–15 NHL Three Star Awards\n 2013–14 NHL suspensions and fines\n\nReferences\n\nSuspension And Fines\nNational Hockey League suspensions and fines", "Bearden v. Georgia, 461 U.S. 660 (1983), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case holding that a local government can only imprison or jail someone for not paying a fine if it can be shown, by means of a hearing, that the person in question could have paid it but \"willfully\" chose not to do so.\n\nBackground\nTunnel Hill, Georgia resident, Danny Bearden was convicted of robbery for breaking into a trailer as a young man. As a result, he was ordered to pay a $500 fine and $250 in restitution, which he was initially paying off until he lost his job and couldn't find another one. This left him unable to pay the rest of his fines and fees, for which Georgia sent him to prison. Bearden's case was handled by Jim Lohr, a court-appointed attorney who had graduated from law school only a few years earlier. Lohr spent hours researching in the library before the case.\n\nRuling\nOn May 24, 1983, the Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that imprisoning Bearden violated his Fourteenth Amendment rights to \"fundamental rights\". In the Court's opinion, Sandra Day O'Connor, the Supreme Court's most junior Associate Justice at the time, wrote that it was \"fundamentally unfair\" for Georgia to have imprisoned Bearden. The ruling held that local governments \"must inquire into the reasons for the failure to pay\" when dealing with revocation cases for people who failed to pay a fine, and that only if the probationer \"willfully refused to pay or failed to make sufficient bona fide efforts legally to acquire the resources to pay\" can they be imprisoned or jailed. The ruling also held that courts must consider alternatives to imprisonment and determine that they are insufficient to \"meet the state's interest in punishment and deterrence\" before sending someone to prison for nonpayment of a fine.\n\nImpact\nAlthough the Bearden ruling required that the defendant in a case regarding not paying court fines can only be imprisoned if they \"willfully\" chose not to pay them, the Court did not define what \"willfully\" meant in this context. This has frequently led to judges having to determine whether someone who did not pay a fine was too poor to do so or not. Some attorneys with many poor clients have argued that the requirement in Bearden that judges consider a defendant's ability to pay is almost never enforced. In 2015, the American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit on behalf of Kevin Thompson, who had spent five days in a Georgia jail for not paying a traffic ticket, arguing that Bearden was intended to prevent just such situations from happening. Thompson's lawyer also claimed that the court did not consider alternatives to imprisonment, like community service, as required by Bearden.\n\nSee also\nList of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 461\nTate v. Short\nWilliams v. Illinois\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nUnited States Supreme Court cases\nUnited States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court\nUnited States Fourteenth Amendment case law\n1983 in United States case law\nDebtors' prisons" ]

[ "Mark Cuban", "SEC insider trading allegation", "What allegation was made against Mark Cuban?", "(SEC) filed a civil suit against Cuban relating to alleged insider trading in the shares of Mamma.com, now known as Copernic.", "What was outcome?", "A federal jury in Texas found in favor of Cuban on October 16, 2013.", "Other than the SEC who else made this allegation ?", "I don't know.", "Did he have to pay any fines related to this?", "A federal jury in Texas found in favor of Cuban on October 16, 2013." ]

[ "The 2012 SEC Softball Tournament was held at Rhoads Stadium on the campus of The University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama on May 10 through May 12, 2012. The Alabama Crimson Tide won the tournament for the 5th time in their history, and received the conference's automatic bid to the 2012 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament.\n\nSeeds\n\nThe seeding for the tournament is as follows:\n\nTournament\n\n Arkansas, Ole Miss and South Carolina did not make the tournament. Vanderbilt does not sponsor a softball team.\n\nSee also\nSEC Softball Tournament\nSEC Tournament\n2012 Alabama Crimson Tide softball season\n\nExternal links\n2012 SEC Softball Tournament\n\nReferences\n\nSEC Softball Tournament\nTournament\nSEC Softball Tournament", "The 2014 SEC Softball tournament was May 7 through 10th at Carolina Softball stadium in Columbia, SC. Georgia ended up winning their first SEC Softball Tournament title over Kentucky.\n\nTournament\n\n Arkansas, Ole Miss, and Texas A&M did not make the tournament. Vanderbilt does not sponsor a softball team.\n\nSEC Softball Tournament\nTournament" ]

[ "Mark Cuban", "SEC insider trading allegation", "What allegation was made against Mark Cuban?", "(SEC) filed a civil suit against Cuban relating to alleged insider trading in the shares of Mamma.com, now known as Copernic.", "What was outcome?", "A federal jury in Texas found in favor of Cuban on October 16, 2013.", "Other than the SEC who else made this allegation ?", "I don't know.", "Did he have to pay any fines related to this?", "A federal jury in Texas found in favor of Cuban on October 16, 2013.", "When did the SEC first make this allegation?", "On November 17, 2008," ]

[ "On 12 August 2011, an express train travelling from Warsaw to Katowice in southern Poland derailed at Baby, near Piotrków Trybunalski, killing two passengers and injuring 80 others.\n\nAccident\nOn Friday, 12 August 2011, a PKP Intercity TLK train from to derailed at Baby , near the town of Piotrków Trybunalski. The accident happened at 16:15 local time (14:15 UTC). Initially, four passengers were reported dead, but search of the wreckage with the use of lifting equipment and rescue dogs established that only one 52-year-old man had died. A total of 81 passengers were injured, including about 20 in serious condition. The locomotive, PKP class EU07, number 1034, and all four carriages derailed. The first carriage turned over. The train was full, carrying almost 280 passengers, as the accident happened on the Friday before the long weekend of the Assumption Day holiday.\n\nAfter the accident, it was reported that the train had been travelling at on a section of line where the maximum permitted speed was only . The driver was placed under arrest in the hospital, and on 15 August 2011 a court placed him under detention for two months. In 2015 he was found guilty of causing the derailment and sentenced for three years and three months of prison.\n\nControversy\nIn 2019, Polish railway-journalist Karol Trammer wrote, that the investigation team (PKBWK, Państwowa Komisja Badań Wypadków Kolejowych) did not pay attention to the discrepancy between what driver said after derailment, and what has been saved by the audio register in Baby signal box, asserting that driver has pleaded guilty in what he told after the accident. PKBWK would also dismiss signal fault - to which the driver has pointed during interrogation, and 18 April 2012 incident in Baby, which involved signal fault - and train dispatcher error caused by workload and safety errors, as possible causes. In such circumstances, the driver should be acquitted according to in dubio pro reo rule, which was also used by Polish court during one train crash case in the past.\n\nIn his 2020 book about rail crash in Otłoczyn, Jonasz Przybyszewski mentioned the accident in Baby as an example of lack of responsibility' sense among senior executives in PKP, which resulted in declaring the driver as guilty despite no proof and fact of 2013 control in Baby, which found out that the state of equipment used to control the traffic was not satisfactory.\n\nReferences\n\n2011 in Poland\nDerailments in Poland\nRailway accidents in 2011\nPiotrków County\nAugust 2011 events in Europe", "JS Atago (DDG-177), , is the lead ship of her class of guided missile destroyer in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). She was named after Mount Atago. She was laid down by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Nagasaki on April 5, 2004. Launching ceremony happened on August 24, 2005 and she was commissioned on March 15, 2007.\n\nDeployments\nJS Atago took part in RIMPAC 2010 held in Hawaii.\n\nOn February 19 (JST, February 18-UTC), 2008, Atago collided with and destroyed a civil fishing boat. Two fishermen were missing, and they have not been found. Two of Atago's crewmen who had been prosecuted with the charges of professional negligence after the accident were found not guilty.\n\nGallery\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nDDG 7,700 ton Class\n\nAtago-class destroyers\nMaritime incidents in 2008\n2005 ships\nShips built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries" ]

[ "Mark Cuban", "SEC insider trading allegation", "What allegation was made against Mark Cuban?", "(SEC) filed a civil suit against Cuban relating to alleged insider trading in the shares of Mamma.com, now known as Copernic.", "What was outcome?", "A federal jury in Texas found in favor of Cuban on October 16, 2013.", "Other than the SEC who else made this allegation ?", "I don't know.", "Did he have to pay any fines related to this?", "A federal jury in Texas found in favor of Cuban on October 16, 2013.", "When did the SEC first make this allegation?", "On November 17, 2008,", "What happened after he was found not guilty?", "In March 2014, Cuban was on air at CNBC criticizing high-frequency trading (HFT). Those against HFT, such as Cuban, believe the technology is equivalent to automated insider trading." ]

[ "CBUX-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts SRC's Ici Musique network at 90.9 FM in Vancouver, British Columbia.\n\nThe station broadcasts from the CBC Regional Broadcast Centre on Hamilton Street in Downtown Vancouver, while its transmitter is located atop Mount Seymour.\n\nProgramming\nIn fall 2010, Espace musique stations in western Canada began to air the network schedule on tape delay as appropriate for their respective time zones, in line with Radio-Canada's other terrestrial networks. Hence network programs now air on CBUX three hours after they air on Espace musique stations in Ontario, Quebec, and Atlantic Canada. At the same time, much of the daytime programming was devolved to local stations; on CBUX, Monique Polloni now hosts from 9:00 a.m. to noon, followed by Célyne Gagnon until 3:00 p.m.\n\nIn addition, André Rhéaume hosts a world music program originating from CBUX which airs across the network on Wednesday and Thursday nights, from 10:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. local time.\n\nPrior to fall 2010, all Espace musique stations carried the entire network schedule simultaneously without any tape delays for time zone differences. During this era, CBUX was a partial exception: Rhéaume's program, which at the time was a two-hour jazz program which aired Monday-Thursday, aired at 5:00 p.m. local time, followed by concerts at 7:00. This was the reverse of the order on most stations (concerts at 8:00 ET, jazz at 10:00 ET).\n\nDuring the 2010 Winter Olympics, CBUX broke away from the national Espace musique schedule to broadcast a special radio service titled la Radio culturelle, focusing on various cultural aspects of the games for French-language listeners.\n\nTransmitters\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nBroadcasting Decision CRTC 2002-129\n \n\nBux\nBux\nBux\nRadio stations established in 2002\n2002 establishments in British Columbia", "College Air was a short-lived music chart and even shorter-lived syndicated radio show, both focusing on underground, non-commercial and college-oriented music.\n\nChart\nCollege Air compiled its chart using data collected from radio stations specializing in underground or college rock music. The final listing of sources, dated October 9, 2003, included forty-three American college and community stations, three Canadian stations, and five Internet broadcasters.\n\nThe first College Air chart was a top 10 list dated January 21, 2002. It expanded to twenty positions on June 17, 2002, and to thirty positions on September 22, 2003. Beginning with the chart dated August 15, 2004, College Air began substituting data collected and provided by Media Guide for its own data, and the chart was reduced to twenty-five positions. This was further reduced to twenty positions on January 23, 2005, and remained so until the final published chart on March 6 of that same year.\n\nRadio show\nThe College Air Weekly Countdown was a one-hour syndicated radio show, featuring the top ten songs as listed on the weekly chart. The hour was fleshed out with “deeper” tracks from top albums, up-and-coming tracks (“bubblers”) by other artists, hit songs from other college-radio specialty formats, such as worldbeat, electronica, AAA and underground hip hop, adventurous rock music from other parts of the world, and classic college radio hits. The first show, reflecting the chart dated April 1, 2002, was intended for airplay during the week of April 15 to 21. There were a total of fifteen shows produced, the final show airing the week of July 27 to August 2, 2002. At its peak, the show aired on fifteen college and community radio stations across the United States and Canada.\n\nOther\nWhile College Air was active, it also offered three album reviews, one concert review and one artist interview.\n\nBackground\nThe stated goal of the College Air projects was to \"...[bring] visibility and respect to the American college radio world, [its] stations, labels, and especially artists.\" The chart and show were the work of Freddy Gier, a former announcer at KUOR-FM and KCBX, and a contributing writer to the All Music Guide. At the time of the chart's debut, there was no other song-based chart for the college-radio format.\n\nReferences\n\nAmerican record charts\nRadio syndication" ]

[ "Mark Cuban", "SEC insider trading allegation", "What allegation was made against Mark Cuban?", "(SEC) filed a civil suit against Cuban relating to alleged insider trading in the shares of Mamma.com, now known as Copernic.", "What was outcome?", "A federal jury in Texas found in favor of Cuban on October 16, 2013.", "Other than the SEC who else made this allegation ?", "I don't know.", "Did he have to pay any fines related to this?", "A federal jury in Texas found in favor of Cuban on October 16, 2013.", "When did the SEC first make this allegation?", "On November 17, 2008,", "What happened after he was found not guilty?", "In March 2014, Cuban was on air at CNBC criticizing high-frequency trading (HFT). Those against HFT, such as Cuban, believe the technology is equivalent to automated insider trading.", "Was he on the air on any other stations?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Martín Ocelotl (1496 – 1537?) was an Aztec indigenous priest (shaman) who was put on trial during New Spain’s Inquisition. He was ultimately banished to Spain.\n\nBiography\n\nEarly life \nOcelotl was born into a powerful family from the town of Chinanta (Chinantl) located in Puebla, Mexico. His last name Ocelotl, means jaguar in Nahuatl. His father was a successful merchant while his mother was a well known and effective priestess. It is also believed that because he came from a powerful family, he was considered to be a religious prodigy at young age.\n\nConversion\nAfter the downfall of the Aztec Empire, Ocelotl took up residence in the nearby and former alliance state of Tetzcoco (Texcoco). It was there that Martín was able to continue his practice of being a successful shaman in the town. He also tried to establish a religious school in which many of the indigenous could be able to continue out their daily religious rituals. However, because the conquest had occurred many indigenous started to convert to Christianity in order to avoid the Inquisition.\n\nAt the age of twenty-nine in 1525, Ocelotl converted to the Roman Catholic faith and was baptized. He was given the Spanish name Martín. Although Martín was now baptized, he continued to practice the old ways. Rumors about Ocelotl's power spread and many of the priests feared his influence over the converted indigenous community. He was also very wealthy and was able to share with many members within his area. Eventually, he would be accused of using witchcraft and practicing idolatry.\n\nTrial and banishment\nIn the Fall of 1536, he was placed on trial before the Inquisition. According to several witnesses, they were able to recall how Martín Ocelotl used his power and was able to predict when rain was going to occur. Another witness brought up the fact he was the child of powerful sorcerers and claimed to be a more powerful witch. He was also accused of transforming into a tiger and a cat. Although there was plenty of evidence to find Martín Ocelotl guilty, he claimed that he was innocent because he believed that he had done nothing wrong.\n\nHis case was eventually given to the Bishop Juan de Zumárraga of New Spain (Mexico) who made the final decision on what would happen to Martín Ocelotl. On February 10, 1537, Martín Ocelotl was publicly humiliated in front of everyone and was accused of using witchcraft. Martín Ocelotl was also banished from his home and forced to live life imprisoned in Seville, Habsburg Spain under the watchful eye of the Spanish Inquisition.\n\nUnfortunately, according to records the ship that carried Martín Ocelotl to Spain disappears. No one knows what happened to him after his departure.\n\nReferences\n\nReferences\nJ. Jorge Klor de Alva. \"Martín Ocelotl: Clandestine Cult Leader.\" Edited by David G. Sweet and Gary B. Nash. Struggle & Survival in Colonial America. Los Angeles:University of California Press. 1981.\nPatricia Lopes Don. \"Franciscan, Indian Sorceres, and the Inquisition in New Spain, 1536–1543.\" Journal of World History. Vol. 17 Issue 1(March 2006).\n\n1496 births\n1530s deaths\nNahua people\nNahua nobility\nMexican Christians\nPeople from Puebla\nConverts to Roman Catholicism from pagan religions\nConverts to pagan religions from Christianity", "Ferenc Nagy (27 October 1916 – 11 May 1977) was a Hungarian boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.\n\nHe was born in Cegléd.\n\nIn 1936 he finished fourth in the heavyweight class. After his win in the quarterfinals against Olle Tandberg he was neither able to fight in the semifinal bout to Herbert Runge nor in the bronze medal bout to Erling Nilsen.\nHe wasn't able to fight for the medal because he was locked in to the locker room and his trainer was ordered to throw in the towel. There was a clear political reason behind this and sadly the medal placement was already decided. \nSee reference Cegled Sport torteneti Muzem**.\n\nExternal links\n profile\nsports-reference\n http://www.sportmuzeum.hu/?id1=sportgyujtemenyek&idcikk=680\n\n1916 births\n1977 deaths\nHeavyweight boxers\nOlympic boxers of Hungary\nBoxers at the 1936 Summer Olympics\nHungarian male boxers" ]

[ "Ringo Starr", "Awards and honours" ]

[ "4-Starr Collection is a promo EP by Ringo Starr & His All Starr Band, issued by Ryko in collaboration with Discover Credit Cards in 1995, catalog number VRCD0264. Tracks one and four were taken from Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Volume 2: Live from Montreux (recorded in 1992), and tracks two and three were taken from Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band (recorded in 1989).\n\nTrack listing\n\nReferences\n\n1995 debut EPs\nRingo Starr EPs\n1995 live albums\nLive EPs\nRingo Starr live albums\nAlbums produced by Ringo Starr\nRykodisc EPs\nRykodisc live albums\nRingo Starr & His All-Starr Band", "Ringo 5.1: The Surround Sound Collection is a DVD-Audio compilation by Ringo Starr. The tracks featured are from his albums Ringo Rama and Choose Love. The album was nominated for a Grammy for Best Surround Sound.\n\nTrack listing\n\nDisc: 1\n\"Fading in and Fading Out\"\n\"Never Without You\"\n\"Choose Love\"\n\"Imagine Me There\"\n\"Oh My Lord\" – with Billy Preston\n\"Memphis in Your Mind\"\n\"Give Me Back the Beat\"\n\"Love First, Ask Questions Later\"\n\"Don't Hang Up\" – with Chrissie Hynde\n\"Eye to Eye\"\n\"Some People\"\n\"Elizabeth Reigns\"\n\nDisc: 2\nAll songs are featured in Dolby Digital, DTS and DVD-Audio (MLP) 5.1 surround sound mixes. The tracklist is slightly different from that given on the inlay cards (\"Some People\" comes before \"Don't Hang Up\"). The DVD has an extra track, \"I Really Love Her\", which was previously a hidden track on Ringo Rama.\n\n\"Fading in and Fading Out\"\n\"Never Without You\" – with Eric Clapton\n\"Choose Love\"\n\"Imagine Me There\" – with Charlie Haden\n\"Oh My Lord\" – with Billy Preston\n\"Memphis in Your Mind\" – with Timothy B. Schmidt\n\"Give Me Back the Beat\"\n\"Love First, Ask Questions Later\"\n\"Some People\"\n\"Don't Hang Up\" – with Chrissie Hynde\n\"Eye to Eye\"\n\"Elizabeth Reigns\" – with Van Dyke Parks\n\"I Really Love Her\" – performed completely by Ringo\n\nReferences\n\n2008 greatest hits albums\nRingo Starr compilation albums\nAlbums produced by Ringo Starr\nAlbums produced by Mark Hudson (musician)" ]

[ "Ringo Starr", "Awards and honours", "How many Grammy's has Ringo Starr won?", "Starr, George Martin and his son Giles accepted the Best Compilation Soundtrack award for Love." ]

[ "\"Really Love You\" is a song written by Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr—their first-ever shared credit—and originally released on McCartney's 1997 album Flaming Pie. In 2005, a reworked version was released as a limited edition 12\" vinyl, from the album Twin Freaks.\n\nThe song was written during a jam session the day after McCartney and Starr recorded \"Beautiful Night\", another song on Flaming Pie that features Starr on drums.\n\nPersonnel\nPersonnel per Flaming Pie booklet\n\nPaul McCartney – lead vocal, backing vocal, bass guitar, electric guitar, Wurlitzer piano\nJeff Lynne – backing vocal, electric guitar\nRingo Starr – drums\n\nSee also\n\"Angel in Disguise\"\n\nReferences\n\nPaul McCartney songs\n2005 singles\nSong recordings produced by Jeff Lynne\nParlophone singles\nSongs written by Paul McCartney\nSongs written by Ringo Starr\nSong recordings produced by Paul McCartney\nMusic published by Startling Music\nMusic published by MPL Music Publishing\n1997 songs", "Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band is a live rock supergroup founded in 1989 with shifting personnel, led by former Beatles drummer and vocalist Ringo Starr.\n\nHistory and description\nSince 1989, Starr has toured with fourteen variations of the band, where \"everybody on stage is a star in their own right\". Ringo Starr and his All-Starr Band is a concept that was created by producer David Fishof.\n\nThe band has consistently toured for over three decades, and rotates its line-up depending on availability of musicians and at Starr's discretion. All-Starr Band shows generally feature 10–12 songs sung by Starr, including those he performed with The Beatles and in his solo career. Mixed with Starr's songs are those performed by the All-Starrs (usually 2–3 per person), generally the biggest hits from their respective groups or solo careers.\n\nThe All-Starr Band does not compose original music, but a number of live albums featuring the group have been released. The sole exception is the track \"Island in the Sun\", off Starr's 2015 album Postcards from Paradise, which was co-written and performed by Starr and every member of that year's All-Starr Band.\n\nCurrent members\n\n Ringo Starr – vocals, drums, piano (1989–present)\n Colin Hay – guitar, vocals (2003, 2008, 2018–present)\n Hamish Stuart – bass, guitar, vocals (2006–2008, 2019–present)\n Edgar Winter – keyboards, saxophone, vocals (2006–2011, 2022–present)\n Gregg Bissonette – drums, backing vocals (2008–present)\n Steve Lukather – guitars, vocals (2012–present)\n Warren Ham - saxophone, percussion, keyboards, harmonica, vocals (2014–present)\n\nTours and members\n\nTimeline\n\nDiscography\n\nLive albums\n\nCompilation albums\n The Anthology... So Far (2001)\n\nSingles\n\nAs featured artist\n\nVideo albums\n\nTypical setlists\n\n1989\n\n1992\n\n1995\n\n1997–1998\n\n1999\n\n2000\n\n2001\n\n2003\n\n2006\n\n2008\n\n2010–2011\n\n2012–2017\n\n2018\n\n2019\n\n2022\n\nRingo's songs\nThis table shows when particular songs were included in the setlist:\n\nReferences\n\n \nAll-Starr Band\nMusical groups established in 1989\nEnglish rock music groups\nMusical groups from London\nTodd Rundgren\nRock music supergroups" ]

[ "Ringo Starr", "Awards and honours", "How many Grammy's has Ringo Starr won?", "Starr, George Martin and his son Giles accepted the Best Compilation Soundtrack award for Love.", "Did Ringo Starr every win another music award?", "On 9 November 2008, Starr accepted a Diamond Award on behalf of the Beatles during the 2008 World Music Awards ceremony in Monaco." ]

[ "Octopus's Garden is a children's book written by English musician Ringo Starr, former member and drummer of the Beatles, and illustrated by Ben Cort. The book is named after and based on the Beatles' 1969 song of the same name, which Starr wrote and sung, from their album Abbey Road.\n\nPublication \nThe book was first published on 24 October 2013 in Great Britain by Simon & Schuster UK. It was published in January 2014 in North America. Included with the book are a CD featuring a previously unreleased recording of the song and an audio reading of the story by Starr.\n\nReferences \n\n2014 children's books\nBritish children's books\nBooks about cephalopods\nFictional octopuses\nAmerican picture books\nBooks by Ringo Starr", "\"Wings\" is a song by Ringo Starr, originally recorded for and released as a single from the album Ringo the 4th. It was co-written with Vini Poncia in 1977. Starr later re-recorded it, produced by Starr and Bruce Sugar, and released it as a single from his 2012 studio album, Ringo 2012.\n\nRecording\nStarr on the 2012 re-recording of \"Wings\" was for Ringo 2012:\n\nRelease\nThe original version was released as a single in the US on 26 August 1977, backed with non-album track \"Just a Dream\".\n\nA live version by Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band, recorded live in Atlanta, was released on the Hurricane Sandy charity compilation Songs After Sandy: Friends of Red Hook for Sandy Relief.\n\nStarr gave filmmakers the chance to do an official promo video for 2012 version of \"Wings\"; the winning video was chosen by Starr himself. Starr called it \"a great little video\".\n\nReception\nCash Box said that \"the haunting melody is carried by a closely-knit ensemble of vocalists, and supported by a richly-textured horn section and stabbing guitars.\" In a review for Ultimate Classic Rock, Billy Dukes calls the remake \"less passionate, borderline lifeless vocal performance\" when compared to the original.\n\nPersonnel\nRingo the 4th\n Ringo Starr – Lead vocal and drums\n David Spinozza – Lead guitar\n Jeff Mironov or John Tropea – Guitars\n Don Grolnick – Keyboards\n Tony Levin – Bass\n Steve Gadd – Drums\n\nRingo 2012\n Ringo Starr – Drums, percussion, vocals, keyboards, backing vocals\n Joe Walsh – Guitar\n Benmont Tench – Organ\n Bruce Sugar – Piano, horn arrangement\n Amy Keys – Backing vocals\n Kelly Moneymaker – Backing vocals\n\nReferences\n Footnotes\n\n Citations\n\n2012 singles\nRingo Starr songs\nSongs written by Ringo Starr\n1977 songs\nSongs written by Vini Poncia\n1977 singles\nMusic published by Startling Music\nAtlantic Records singles" ]

[ "Ringo Starr", "Awards and honours", "How many Grammy's has Ringo Starr won?", "Starr, George Martin and his son Giles accepted the Best Compilation Soundtrack award for Love.", "Did Ringo Starr every win another music award?", "On 9 November 2008, Starr accepted a Diamond Award on behalf of the Beatles during the 2008 World Music Awards ceremony in Monaco.", "Was Ringo Starr ever knighted in Great Britain?", "He was knighted in an investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace by Prince William, Duke of Cambridge on 20 March 2018." ]

[ "István (Stefan, Stephan) Fazekas (23 March 1898, Sátoraljaújhely, Zemplén County, Kingdom of Hungary – 3 May 1967, Buckhurst Hill, Essex, England) was a Hungarian–British chess master.\n\nBorn in Austria-Hungary, he lived in Czechoslovakia after World War I. In 1938, he emigrated to England.\n\nIn 1925, he tied for 8–9th in Bratislava (Richard Réti won). In 1926, he tied for 10–11th in Budapest (Max Walter won). In 1929, he took 2nd in Košice. In 1930, he tied for 3rd–4th in Prague (Salo Flohr won). In 1931, he took 3rd in Brno (Flohr won). In 1935, he tied for 2nd–4th in Luhačovice (Karel Opočensky won). In 1936, he tied for 17–18th in Poděbrady (Flohr won).\n\nIn 1940, he took 9th in London (Harry Golombek and Paul List won). Dr Fazekas was British Champion in 1957, and is the oldest player ever to have won the title. In 1962–1964, he played in 4th World Correspondence Chess Championship (semifinal).\n\nFazekas was awarded the IM title in 1953 and the IMC title in 1964.\n\nReferences\n\n1898 births\n1967 deaths\nPeople from Sátoraljaújhely\nHungarian Jews\nHungarian chess players\nSlovak chess players\nBritish chess players\nJewish chess players\nBritish people of Hungarian-Jewish descent\nChess International Masters\nPeople from Buckhurst Hill\n20th-century chess players", "Abbey Hill School and College is a special secondary school in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England. According to DfES, it has been awarded specialist status as a SEN and Arts College.\n\nThe school\nThe school comprises an upper school, a lower school and a special autistic school for challenged children. Upper school students must take on community service as part of their education. Age ranges from preschool to eighteen years for the students.\n\nAutistic School\nSince autistic children require a very structured environment, the school has set aside half of the schools for smaller, individual classes. Age ranges from preschool to sixteen years for the students.\n\nReferences\nhttps://web.archive.org/web/20060421074940/http://www.abbeyhill.stoke.sch.uk/unit.htm\n\nSpecial secondary schools in England\nSpecial schools in Stoke-on-Trent\nFoundation schools in Stoke-on-Trent\n\nSpecialist arts colleges in England\nSpecialist SEN colleges in England" ]

[ "Ringo Starr", "Awards and honours", "How many Grammy's has Ringo Starr won?", "Starr, George Martin and his son Giles accepted the Best Compilation Soundtrack award for Love.", "Did Ringo Starr every win another music award?", "On 9 November 2008, Starr accepted a Diamond Award on behalf of the Beatles during the 2008 World Music Awards ceremony in Monaco.", "Was Ringo Starr ever knighted in Great Britain?", "He was knighted in an investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace by Prince William, Duke of Cambridge on 20 March 2018.", "Has he ever been awarded a special title in England?", "Starr was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2018 New Year Honours for services to music." ]

[ "Todd Bernstein is the founder and director of the annual Greater Philadelphia Martin Luther King Day of Service.\n\nCareer\nIn 1994, Bernstein helped to create the King Day of Service with Harris Wofford and Congressman John Lewis, both veterans of the civil rights movement with Dr. King. Bernstein is also president of Global Citizen, a non-profit organization founded in 1995, which promotes sustainable civic engagement through volunteer service, locally and globally.\n\nIn 1996, Bernstein started the nation's first King Day of Service in Philadelphia. The Greater Philadelphia King Day of Service has drawn more than 1.2 million volunteers over twenty years. Each year, it has been the largest King Holiday event in the nation. In 2012, Vice President Joe Biden and Dr. Jill Biden participated.\n\nBernstein also founded MLK365, which transforms the King Day of Service into a year-round civic engagement initiative. This program promotes and supports sustainable civic engagement by providing ongoing volunteer opportunities, educational programs, and community partnerships across the Greater Philadelphia region \n\nBernstein was named by President Barack Obama as a \"Champion of Change\" and honored at the White House on January 12, 2012. In 2000, the Points of Light Foundation recognized Bernstein with its national Point of Light Award In 1999, the Points of Light Foundation honored the Greater Philadelphia King Day of Service as a national Point of Light.\n\nIn 1997, Bernstein served as national planner for the Presidents' Summit for America's Future. The five-day summit brought together America's living presidents and community leaders to address civic engagement and opportunities for America's at-risk young citizens. The event led to the creation of America's Promise: the Alliance for Youth.\n\nIn 2000, Bernstein served as director of the National Shadow Convention (a bi-partisan event held concurrently with the Republican and Democratic national conventions). He went on to serve as director of the King Day of Service National Expansion Initiative from 2006–2008.\n\nIn 2013, he was honored by the Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, D.C. with the inaugural Public Service Award. In 2012, the Philadelphia Association of Black Journalists recognized him with the organization's Community Service Award. In 2009, Bernstein was awarded the Jewish Social Policy Action Network Social Justice Award and the National Association of Blacks in Criminal Justice Legacy Award. The Philadelphia Inquirer has also honored Bernstein with its Citizen Hero Award. In 2003, the Philadelphia Inquirer honored Bernstein with its Citizen Hero Award.\n\nBernstein holds a B.A. in Politics and American History from Ithaca College, and also studied for an M.G.A. at the University of Pennsylvania's Fels Center of Government.\n\nReferences \n\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nIthaca College alumni\nFels Institute of Government alumni", "The Sporting News Comeback Player of the Year Award is the oldest of three annual awards in Major League Baseball given to one player in each league who has reemerged as a star in that season. It was established in 1965. The winner in each league is selected by the TSN editorial staff.\n\nIn 2005, Major League Baseball officially sponsored its own Comeback Player of the Year Award for the first time. TSN and MLB honored the same players in 2005—Ken Griffey, Jr. in the National League and Jason Giambi in the American League. The Players Choice Awards, awarded by the Major League Baseball Players Association, also began a Comeback Player honor in 1992.\n\nListed below are the players honored with the TSN award by year, name, team and league.\n\nHonorees\n\nNotes\nThe only players to be named twice in the American League are Norm Cash, Boog Powell and Bret Saberhagen.\nThe only players to be named twice in the National League are Andrés Galarraga, Chris Carpenter and Buster Posey.\nThe only player to be named in both leagues is Rick Sutcliffe.\nThe only player to be named posthumously is José Fernández; he died in a boating accident on September 25, 2016.\nSince the official MLB Comeback Player of the Year award began in 2005, the recipients have been identical to the TSN award with the following exceptions: 2008 NL (TSN honored Fernando Tatís, MLB honored Brad Lidge), 2010 AL (TSN honored Vladimir Guerrero, MLB honored Francisco Liriano), 2012 AL (TSN honored Adam Dunn, MLB honored Fernando Rodney), 2016 AL (TSN honored Mark Trumbo, MLB honored Rick Porcello), 2016 NL (TSN honored José Fernández, MLB honored Anthony Rendon), 2018 NL (TSN honored Matt Kemp, MLB honored Jonny Venters), 2019 AL (TSN honored Hunter Pence, MLB honored Carlos Carrasco), and 2020 AL (TSN honored Carlos Carrasco, MLB honored Salvador Pérez).\nBob Uecker has joked that he won the Comeback of the Year Award five years in a row. In reality, he never won the award.\n\nSee also\nBaseball awards\nList of MLB awards\nTSN Player of the Year\nTSN Pitcher of the Year\nTSN Rookie of the Year\nTSN Reliever of the Year\nTSN Manager of the Year\nTSN Executive of the Year\n\nMajor League Baseball trophies and awards\nAwards established in 1965" ]

[ "Ringo Starr", "Awards and honours", "How many Grammy's has Ringo Starr won?", "Starr, George Martin and his son Giles accepted the Best Compilation Soundtrack award for Love.", "Did Ringo Starr every win another music award?", "On 9 November 2008, Starr accepted a Diamond Award on behalf of the Beatles during the 2008 World Music Awards ceremony in Monaco.", "Was Ringo Starr ever knighted in Great Britain?", "He was knighted in an investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace by Prince William, Duke of Cambridge on 20 March 2018.", "Has he ever been awarded a special title in England?", "Starr was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2018 New Year Honours for services to music.", "Has he ever been honored in America?", "On 8 February 2010, he was honoured with the 2,401st star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce." ]

[ "Sidney Poitier was a Bahamian-American actor known for his appearances on the stage and screen. \n\nHe became the first Black actor to win the Academy Award for Best Actor for Lilies of the Field (1963). He also received a Grammy Award, two Golden Globe Awards and a British Academy Film Award. Poitier received numerous honoraries during his lifetime including the Academy Honorary Award for his lifetime achievement in film in 2001. In 1992, he received the AFI Life Achievement Award. In 1994, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 1981, he received the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award and in 2016 he received the BAFTA Fellowship.\n\nIn 1995, Poitier received the Kennedy Center Honor and in 2009, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom from Barack Obama. He was also awarded as Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II in 1974.\n\nAwards\n\nAcademy Awards\n\nBritish Academy Film Awards\n\nGolden Globe Awards\n\nGrammy Awards\n\nPrimetime Emmy Awards\n\nScreen Actors Guild Awards\n\nTony Awards\n\nHonorary Awards\n\nAFI Life Achievement Award \nIn 1992, Poitier received the AFI Life Achievement Award.\n\nKennedy Center Honors \nIn 1995, Poitier received the Kennedy Center Honor\n\nPresidential Medal of Freedom \nIn 2009, Poitier was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom from Barack Obama.\n\nWalk of Fame \nIn 1994, Poitier received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7065 Hollywood Blvd.\n\nHonorary Knighthood \n 1974: Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE)\n\nOther tributes\n 1958: Silver Bear for Best Actor (Berlin Film Festival) for The Defiant Ones\n 1963: Silver Bear for Best Actor (Berlin Film Festival) for Lilies of the Field\n 1997: Appointed non-resident Bahamian Ambassador to Japan\n 2011: Film Society of Lincoln Center Gala Tribute honoring his life and careers\n 2014: Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement, presented by Awards Council member Oprah Winfrey\n\nReferences \n\nPoitier, Sidney", "The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a historic landmark which consists of more than 2,700 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded in the sidewalks along 15 blocks of Hollywood Boulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood, California. The stars are permanent public monuments to achievement in the entertainment industry, bearing the names of a mix of musicians, actors, directors, producers, musical and theatrical groups, fictional characters, and others. The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with an estimated 10 million annual visitors in 2010. The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce holds trademark rights to the Hollywood Walk of Fame.\n\nDescription \nThe Walk of Fame runs east to west on Hollywood Boulevard, from Gower Street to the Hollywood and La Brea Gateway at La Brea Avenue, plus a short segment on Marshfield Way that runs diagonally between Hollywood Boulevard and La Brea; and north to south on Vine Street between Yucca Street and Sunset Boulevard. According to a 2003 report by the market research firm NPO Plog Research, the Walk attracts about 10 million visitors annually—more than the Sunset Strip, the TCL Chinese Theatre (formerly Grauman's), the Queen Mary, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art combined—and has played an important role in making tourism the largest industry in Los Angeles County.\n\nCategorization \n, the Walk of Fame comprises 2,704 stars, which are spaced at intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass (not bronze, an oft-repeated inaccuracy) inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background. The name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters in the upper portion of each star. Below the inscription, in the lower half of the star field, a round inlaid brass emblem indicates the category of the honoree's contributions. The emblems symbolize five categories within the entertainment industry:\n\nOf all the stars on the Walk to date, 47% have been awarded in the motion pictures category, 24% in television, 17% in audio recording, 10% in radio, and fewer than 2% in the live performance category. According to the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce, approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year.\n\nStar locations \nLocations of individual stars are not necessarily arbitrary. Stars of many particularly well-known celebrities are found in front of the TCL (formerly Grauman's) Chinese Theatre. Oscar-winners' stars are usually placed near the Dolby Theatre, site of the annual Academy Awards presentations. Locations are occasionally chosen for ironic or humorous reasons: Mike Myers's star lies in front of an adult store called the International Love Boutique, an association with his Austin Powers roles; Roger Moore's star and Daniel Craig's star are located at 7007 Hollywood Boulevard in recognition of their titular role in the James Bond 007 film series; Ed O'Neill's star is located outside a shoe store in reference to his character's occupation on the TV show Married ... with Children; and the last star, at the very end of the westernmost portion of the Walk, belongs to The Dead End Kids.\n\nHonorees may request a specific location for their star, although final decisions remain with the Chamber. Jay Leno, for example, requested a spot near the corner of Hollywood Blvd. and Highland Ave. because he was twice picked up at that location by police for vagrancy (though never actually charged) shortly after his arrival in Hollywood. George Carlin chose to have his star placed in front of the KDAY radio station near the corner of Sunset Blvd. and Vine St., where he first gained national recognition. Lin-Manuel Miranda chose a site in front of the Pantages Theatre where his musicals, In The Heights and Hamilton, played. Carol Burnett explained her choice in her 1986 memoir: While working as an usherette at the historic Warner Brothers Theatre (now the Hollywood Pacific Theatre) during the 1951 run of Alfred Hitchcock's film Strangers on a Train, she took it upon herself to advise a couple arriving during the final few minutes of a showing to wait for the next showing, to avoid seeing (and spoiling) the ending. The theater manager fired her on the spot for \"insubordination\" and humiliated her by stripping the epaulets from her uniform in the theater lobby. Twenty-six years later, at her request, Burnett's star was placed at the corner of Hollywood and Wilcox—in front of the theater.\n\nAlternative star designs \nSpecial category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. For example, former Los Angeles mayor Tom Bradley's star displays the Seal of the City of Los Angeles; the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) star emblem is a replica of a Hollywood Division badge; and stars representing corporations, such as Victoria's Secret and the Los Angeles Dodgers, display the honoree's corporate logo. The \"Friends of the Walk of Fame\" monuments are charcoal terrazzo squares rimmed by miniature pink terrazzo stars displaying the five standard category emblems, along with the sponsor's corporate logo, with the sponsor's name and contribution in inlaid brass block lettering. Special stars and Friends monuments are granted by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce or the Hollywood Historic Trust, but are not part of the Walk of Fame proper and are located nearby on private property.\n\nThe monuments for the Apollo 11 mission to the Moon are uniquely shaped: Four identical circular moons, each bearing the names of the three astronauts (Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., and Michael Collins), the date of the first Moon landing (\"7/20/69\"), and the words \"Apollo XI\", are set on each of the four corners of the intersection of Hollywood and Vine.\n\nHistory\n\nOrigin \n\nThe Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E.M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to \"maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamour and excitement in the four corners of the world\". Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, received credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and an architectural firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955, the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, and plans were submitted to the Los Angeles City Council.\n\nMultiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. According to one, the historic Hollywood Hotel—which stood for more than 50 years on Hollywood Boulevard at the site now occupied by the Hollywood and Highland complex and the Dolby (formerly Kodak) Theatre—displayed stars on its dining room ceiling above the tables favored by its most famous celebrity patrons, and that may have served as an early inspiration. By another account, the stars were \"inspired ... by Sugarman's Tropics Restaurant drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars\".\n\nIn February 1956, a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree (John Wayne, by some accounts) inside a blue star on a brown background. However, caricatures proved too expensive and difficult to execute in brass with the technology available at the time; and the brown and blue motif was vetoed by Charles E. Toberman, the legendary real estate developer known as \"Mr. Hollywood\", because the colors clashed with a new building he was erecting on Hollywood Boulevard.\n\nSelection and construction \nBy March 1956, the final design and coral-and-charcoal color scheme had been approved. Between the spring of 1956 and the fall of 1957, 1,558 honorees were selected by committees representing the four major branches of the entertainment industry at that time: motion pictures, television, audio recording, and radio. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B. DeMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz.\n\nA requirement stipulated by the original audio recording committee (and later rescinded) specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement. As a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed to create a separate award for the music industry, leading to the first Grammy Awards in 1959.\n\nConstruction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first lawsuit was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting and trees. In October 1959, the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin Jr., sought damages for the exclusion of his father, whose nomination had been withdrawn due to pressure from multiple quarters (see Controversial additions). Chaplin's suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project.\n\nWhile Joanne Woodward is often singled out as the first person to receive a star on the Walk of Fame—possibly because she was the first to be photographed with it—the original stars were installed as a continuous project, with no individual ceremonies. Woodward's name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558 and inscribed on eight prototype stars that were built while litigation was holding up permanent construction. The eight prototypes were installed temporarily on the northwest corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue in August 1958 to generate publicity and to demonstrate how the Walk would eventually look. The other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence. Official groundbreaking took place on February 8, 1960. On March 28, 1960, the first permanent star, director Stanley Kramer's, was completed on the easternmost end of the new Walk near the intersection of Hollywood and Gower.\n\nStagnation and revitalization \nThough the Walk was originally conceived in part to encourage redevelopment of Hollywood Boulevard, the 1960s and 1970s were periods of protracted urban decay in the Hollywood area as residents moved to nearby suburbs. After the initial installation of approximately 1,500 stars in 1960 and 1961, eight years passed without the addition of a new star. In 1962, the Los Angeles City Council passed an ordinance naming the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce \"the agent to advise the City\" about adding names to the Walk, and the Chamber, over the following six years, devised rules, procedures, and financing methods to do so.\nIn December 1968, Richard D. Zanuck was awarded the first star in eight years in a presentation ceremony hosted by Danny Thomas. In July 1978, the City of Los Angeles designated the Hollywood Walk of Fame a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument.\n\nRadio personality, television producer and Chamber member Johnny Grant is generally credited with implementing the changes that resuscitated the Walk and established it as a significant tourist attraction. Beginning in 1968, Grant stimulated publicity and encouraged international press coverage by requiring that each recipient personally attend his or her star's unveiling ceremony. Grant later recalled that \"it was tough to get people to come accept a star\" until the neighborhood finally began its recovery in the 1980s. In 1980, he instituted a fee of $2,500, payable by the person or entity nominating the recipient, to fund the Walk of Fame's upkeep and minimize further taxpayer burden. The fee has increased incrementally over time; by 2002 it had reached $15,000, and stood at $30,000 in 2012. , the fee is $50,000.\n\nGrant was awarded a star in 1980 for his television work. In 2002, he received a second star in the \"special\" category to acknowledge his pivotal role in improving and popularizing the Walk. He was also named chairman of the Selection Committee and Honorary Mayor of Hollywood (a ceremonial position previously held by Art Linkletter and Monty Hall, among others). He remained in both offices from 1980 until his death in 2008 and hosted the great majority of unveiling ceremonies during that period. His unique special-category star, with its emblem depicting a stylized \"Great Seal of the City of Hollywood\", is located at the entrance to the Dolby Theatre adjacent to Johnny Grant Way.\n\nExpansion \nIn 1984, a fifth category, Live Theatre, was added to acknowledge contributions from the live performance branch of the entertainment industry, and a second row of stars was created on each sidewalk to alternate with the existing stars.\n\nIn 1994, the Walk of Fame was extended one block to the west on Hollywood Boulevard, from Sycamore Avenue to North LaBrea Avenue (plus the short segment of Marshfield Way that connects Hollywood and La Brea), where it now ends at the silver \"Four Ladies of Hollywood\" gazebo and the special \"Walk of Fame\" star. At the same time, Sophia Loren was honored with the 2,000th star on the Walk.\n\nDuring construction of tunnels for the Los Angeles subway system in 1996, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) removed and stored more than 300 stars. Controversy arose when the MTA proposed a money-saving measure of jackhammering the 3-by-3-foot terrazzo pads, preserving only the brass lettering, surrounds, and medallions, then pouring new terrazzo after the tunnels were completed; but the Cultural Heritage Commission ruled that the star pads were to be removed intact.\n\nRestoration \nIn 2008 a long-term restoration project began with an evaluation of all 2,365 stars on the Walk at the time, each receiving a letter grade of A, B, C, D, or F. Honorees whose stars received F grades, indicating the most severe damage, were Joan Collins, Peter Frampton, Dick Van Patten, Paul Douglas, Andrew L. Stone, Willard Waterman, Richard Boleslavsky, Ellen Drew, Frank Crumit, and Bobby Sherwood. Fifty celebrities' stars received \"D\" grades. The damage ranged from minor cosmetic flaws caused by normal weathering to holes and fissures severe enough to constitute a walking hazard. Plans were made to repair or replace at least 778 stars at an estimated cost of over $4 million.\n\nThe restoration is a collaboration among the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and various Los Angeles city and county governmental offices, along with the MTA, which operates the Metro B Line that runs beneath the Walk, since earth movement due to the presence of the subway line is thought to be partly responsible for the damage.\n\nTo encourage supplemental funding for the project by corporate sponsors, the \"Friends of Walk of Fame\" program was inaugurated, with donors recognized through honorary plaques adjacent to the Walk of Fame in front of the Dolby Theatre. The program has received some criticism; Alana Semuels of the Los Angeles Times described it as \"just the latest corporate attempt to buy some good buzz,\" and quoted a brand strategist who said, \"I think Johnny Grant would roll over in his grave.\"\n\nIn June 2019, The City of Los Angeles commissioned Gensler architects to provide a master plan for a $4 million renovation to improve and \"update the streetscape concept\" for the Walk of Fame with the goal of improving the public right-of-way.\n\nNomination process \n\nEach year an average of 200 nominations are submitted to the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce Walk of Fame selection committee. Anyone, including fans, can nominate anyone active in the field of entertainment as long as the nominee or their management approves the nomination. Nominees must have a minimum of five years' experience in the category for which they are nominated and a history of \"charitable contributions\". Posthumous nominees must have been deceased at least five years. At a meeting each June, the committee selects approximately 20 to 24 celebrities to receive stars on the Walk of Fame. One posthumous award is given each year as well. The nominations of those not selected are rolled over to the following year for reconsideration; those not selected two years in a row are dropped, and must be renominated to receive further consideration. Living recipients must agree to personally attend a presentation ceremony within two years of selection. If the ceremony is not scheduled within two years, a new application must be submitted. A relative of deceased recipients must attend posthumous presentations. Presentation ceremonies are open to the public.\n\nA fee of $50,000 (), payable at time of selection, is collected to pay for the creation and installation of the star, as well as general maintenance of the Walk of Fame. The fee is usually paid by the nominating organization, which may be a fan club, film studio, record company, broadcaster, or other sponsor involved with the prospective honoree. The Starz cable network, for example, paid for Dennis Hopper's star as part of the promotion for its series Crash.\n\nTraditionally, the identities of selection committee members, other than its chairman, have not been made public in order to minimize conflicts of interest and to discourage lobbying by celebrities and their representatives (a significant problem during the original selections in the late 1950s). However, in 1999, in response to intensifying charges of secrecy in the selection process, the Chamber disclosed the members' names: Johnny Grant, the longtime chair and representative of the television category; Earl Lestz, president of Paramount Studio Group (motion pictures); Stan Spero, retired manager with broadcast stations KMPC and KABC (radio); Kate Nelson, owner of the Palace Theatre (live performance); and Mary Lou Dudas, vice president of A&M Records (recording industry). Since that 1999 announcement the chamber has revealed only that Lestz (who received his own star in 2004) became chairman after Grant died in 2008. Their current official position is that \"each of the five categories is represented by someone with expertise in that field\".\n\nIn 2010, Lestz was replaced as chairman by John Pavlik, former Director of Communications for the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. While no public announcement was made to that effect, he was identified as chairman in the Chamber's press release announcing the 2011 star recipients. The current chair, according to the Chamber's 2016 selection announcement, is film producer Maureen Schultz.\n\nRule adjustments \n\nWalk of Fame rules prohibit consideration of nominees whose contributions fall outside the five major entertainment categories, but the selection committee has been known to adjust interpretations of its rules to justify a selection. The Walk's four round Moon landing monuments at the corners of Hollywood and Vine, for example, officially recognize the Apollo 11 astronauts for \"contributions to the television industry.\" Johnny Grant acknowledged, in 2005, that classifying the first Moon landing as a television entertainment event was \"a bit of a stretch\". Magic Johnson was added to the motion picture category based on his ownership of the Magic Johnson Theatre chain, citing as precedent Sid Grauman, builder of Grauman's (now TCL) Chinese Theatre.\n\nMuhammad Ali's star was granted after the committee decided that boxing could be considered a form of \"live performance.\" Its placement on a wall of the Dolby Theatre makes it the only star mounted on a vertical surface, acceding to Ali's request that his name not be walked upon, as he shared his name with the Prophet Muhammad.\n\nAll living honorees have been required since 1968 to personally attend their star's unveiling, and approximately 40 have declined the honor due to this condition. The only recipient to date who failed to appear after agreeing to do so was Barbra Streisand, in 1976. Her star was unveiled anyway, near the intersection of Hollywood and Highland. Streisand did attend when her husband, James Brolin, unveiled his star in 1998 two blocks to the east.\n\nNotable stars\n\nControversial additions \n Charlie Chaplin is the only honoree to be selected twice for the same star on the Walk. He was unanimously voted into the initial group of 500 in 1956 but the Selection Committee ultimately excluded him, ostensibly due to questions regarding his morals (he had been charged with violating the Mann Act—and exonerated—during the White Slavery hysteria of the 1940s), but more likely due to his left-leaning political views. The rebuke prompted an unsuccessful lawsuit by his son, Charles Chaplin Jr. Chaplin's star was finally added to the Walk in 1972, the same year he received his Academy Award. Even then, 16 years later, the Chamber of Commerce received angry letters from across the country protesting its decision to include him.\n\nThe committee's Chaplin difficulties reportedly contributed to its decision in 1978 against awarding a star to Paul Robeson, the controversial opera singer, actor, athlete, writer, lawyer and social activist. The resulting outcry from the entertainment industry, civic circles, local and national politicians, and many other quarters was so intense that the decision was reversed and Robeson was awarded a star in 1979.\n\nEntertainers with multiple stars \nThe original selection committees chose to recognize some entertainers' contributions in multiple categories with multiple stars.\n\nFive stars\nGene Autry is the only honoree with stars in all five categories.\n\nFour stars\nBob Hope, Mickey Rooney, Roy Rogers, and Tony Martin each have stars in four categories; Rooney has three of his own and a fourth with his eighth wife, Jan, while Rogers also has three of his own, and a fourth with his band, Sons of the Pioneers.\n\nThree stars\nThirty-three people, including Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Jo Stafford, Dean Martin, Dinah Shore, Gale Storm, Danny Kaye, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., and Jack Benny, have stars in three categories.\n\nTwo stars\nSeven recording artists have two stars in the same category for distinct achievements:\n Michael Jackson, as a soloist and as a member of The Jacksons;\n Diana Ross, as a member of The Supremes and for her solo work; \n Smokey Robinson, as a solo artist and as a member of The Miracles; \n John Lennon, Ringo Starr, George Harrison, and Paul McCartney as individuals and as members of The Beatles. \n George Eastman is the only honoree with two stars in the same category for the same achievement, the invention of roll film.\n\nCher forfeited her opportunity to join this list by declining to schedule the mandatory personal appearance when she was selected in 1983. She did, however, attend the unveiling of the Sonny & Cher star in 1998, as a tribute to her recently deceased ex-husband, Sonny Bono.\n\nUnique and unusual \nSixteen stars are identified with a one-word stage name (e.g., Liberace, Pink, Roseanne, and Slash). Clayton Moore is so inextricably linked with his Lone Ranger character, even though he played other roles during his career, that he is one of only two actors to have his character's name alongside his own on his star. The other is Tommy Riggs, whose star references his Betty Lou character. The largest group of individuals represented by a single star is the estimated 122 adults and 12 children collectively known as the Munchkins, from the landmark 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.\n\nTwo pairs of stars share identical names representing different people. There are two Harrison Ford stars, honoring the silent film actor (at 6665 Hollywood Boulevard), and the present-day actor (in front of the Dolby Theatre at 6801 Hollywood Boulevard). Two Michael Jackson stars represent the singer (at 6927 Hollywood Boulevard), and the radio personality (at 1597 Vine Street). When the recording artist Jackson died in 2009, fans mistakenly began leaving flowers, candles, and other tributes at the Vine Street star. Upon learning of this, the radio host wrote on his website, \"I am willingly loan[ing] it to him and, if it would bring him back, he can have it.\"\n\nThe Westmores received the first star honoring contributions in theatrical make-up. Other make-up artists on the walk are Max Factor, John Chambers and Rick Baker. Three stars recognize experts in special effects: Ray Harryhausen, Dennis Muren, and Stan Winston. Only two costume designers have received a star, eight-time Academy Award Winner Edith Head, and the first African-American to win an Oscar for costume design, Ruth E. Carter.\n\nSidney Sheldon is one of two novelists with a star, which he earned for writing screenplays for such films as The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer (1947) before becoming a novelist. The other is Ray Bradbury, whose books and stories have formed the basis of dozens of movies and television programs over a nearly 60-year period.\n\nTen inventors have stars on the Walk: George Eastman, inventor of roll film; Thomas Edison, inventor of the first true film projector and holder of numerous patents related to motion-picture technology; Lee de Forest, inventor of the triode vacuum tube, which made radio and TV possible, and Phonofilm, which made sound films possible; Merian C. Cooper, co-inventor of the Cinerama process; Herbert Kalmus, inventor of Technicolor; Auguste and Louis Lumière, inventors of important components of the motion picture camera; Mark Serrurier, inventor of the technology used for film editing; Hedy Lamarr, co-inventor of a frequency-hopping radio guidance system that was a precursor to Wi-Fi networks and cellular telephone systems; and Ray Dolby, co-developer of the first video tape recorder and inventor of the Dolby noise-reduction system.\n\nA few star recipients moved on after their entertainment careers to political notability. Two Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan (40th President) and Donald Trump (45th President) have stars on the Walk. Reagan is also one of two Governors of California with a star; the other is Arnold Schwarzenegger. One U.S. senator (George Murphy) and two members of the U.S. House of Representatives (Helen Gahagan and Sonny Bono) have stars. Ignacy Paderewski, who served as Prime Minister of Poland between the World Wars, is the only European head of government represented. Film and stage actor Albert Dekker served one term in the California State Assembly during the 1940s.\n\nOn its 50th anniversary in 2005, Disneyland received a star near Disney's Soda Fountain on Hollywood Boulevard. Stars for commercial organizations are only considered for those with a Hollywood show business connection of at least 50 years' duration. While not technically part of the Walk itself (a city ordinance prohibits placing corporate names on sidewalks), the star was installed adjacent to it.\n\nFictional characters \n\nIn 1978, in honor of his 50th anniversary, Mickey Mouse became the first animated character to receive a star, and nearly twenty more followed over the next decades. Other fictional characters on the Walk include the Munchkins (as mentioned), one monster (Godzilla), and three non-animated canine characters (Strongheart, Lassie, and Rin Tin Tin). Fictional character Pee-Wee Herman, played by comedian Paul Reubens, also has a star, which was awarded in 1988.\n\nJim Henson is one of four puppeteers to have a star, but also has three stars dedicated to his creations: one for The Muppets as a whole, one for Kermit the Frog and one for Big Bird.\n\nErrors \nIn 2010, Julia Louis-Dreyfus's star was constructed with the name \"Julia Luis Dreyfus\". The actress was reportedly amused, and the error was corrected. A similar mistake was made on Dick Van Dyke's star in 1993 (\"Vandyke\"), and rectified. Film and television actor Don Haggerty's star originally displayed the first name \"Dan\". The mistake was fixed, but years later the television actor Dan Haggerty (of Grizzly Adams fame, no relation to Don) also received a star. The confusion eventually sprouted an urban legend that Dan Haggerty was the only honoree to have a star removed from the Walk of Fame. For 28 years, the star intended to honor Mauritz Stiller, the Helsinki-born pioneer of Swedish film who brought Greta Garbo to the United States, read \"Maurice Diller\", possibly due to mistranscription of verbal dictation. The star was finally remade with the correct name in 1988. \n\nThree stars remain misspelled: the opera star Lotte Lehmann (spelled \"Lottie\"); Cinerama co-inventor and King Kong creator, director, and producer Merian C. Cooper, (\"Meriam\"); and cinematography pioneer Auguste Lumière (\"August\").\n\nMonty Woolley, the veteran film and stage actor best known for The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942) and the line \"Time flies when you're having fun\", is officially listed in the motion picture category, but his star on the Walk of Fame bears the television emblem. Woolley did appear on the small screen late in his career, but his TV contributions were eclipsed by his extensive stage, film, and radio work. Similarly, the star of film actress Carmen Miranda bears the TV emblem, although her official category is motion pictures. Radio and television talk show host Larry King is officially a television honoree, but his star displays a film camera.\n\nTheft and vandalism \nActs of vandalism on the Walk of Fame have ranged from profanity and political statements written on stars with markers and paint to damage with heavy tools. Vandals have also tried to chisel out the brass category emblems embedded in the stars below the names, and have even stolen a statue component of The Four Ladies of Hollywood. Closed circuit surveillance cameras have been installed on the stretch of Hollywood Boulevard between La Brea Avenue and Vine Street in an effort to discourage mischievous activities.\n\nFour of the stars, which weigh about each, have been stolen from the Walk of Fame. In 2000, James Stewart's and Kirk Douglas's stars disappeared from their locations near the intersection of Hollywood and Vine, where they had been temporarily removed for a construction project. Police recovered them in the suburban community of South Gate when they arrested a man involved in an incident there and searched his house. The suspect was a construction worker employed on the Hollywood and Vine project. The stars had been badly damaged, and had to be remade. One of Gene Autry's five stars was also stolen from a construction area. Another theft occurred in 2005 when thieves used a concrete saw to remove Gregory Peck's star from its Hollywood Boulevard site at the intersection of North El Centro Avenue, near North Gower. The star was replaced almost immediately, but the original was never recovered and the perpetrators never caught.\n\nDonald Trump's star\n\nDonald Trump's star has been vandalized multiple times. During the 2016 presidential election, a man named James Otis, who claims to be an heir to the Otis Elevator Company fortune, used a sledge hammer and a pickaxe to destroy all of the star's brass inlays. He readily admitted to the vandalism and was arrested and sentenced to three years' probation. The star was repaired and served as a site of pro-Trump demonstrations until it was destroyed a second time in July 2018 by a man named Austin Clay. Clay later surrendered himself to the police and was bailed out by James Otis. Clay was sentenced to one day in jail, three years of probation, and 20 days of community service. He also was ordered to attend psychological counseling and pay restitution of $9,404.46 to the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. On December 18, 2018, the star was defaced with swastikas and other graffiti drawn in permanent marker, and it was vandalized yet again on October 2, 2020.\n\nIn August 2018, the West Hollywood City Council unanimously passed a resolution requesting permanent removal of the star due to repeated vandalism, according to Mayor John Duran. The resolution was completely symbolic, as West Hollywood has no jurisdiction over the Walk. Activist groups have also called for the removal of stars honoring individuals whose public and professional lives have become controversial, including Trump, Bill Cosby, Kevin Spacey, and Brett Ratner. In answer to these campaigns, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce announced that because the Walk is a historical landmark, \"once a star has been added ... it is considered a part of the historic fabric of the Hollywood Walk of Fame\" and cannot be removed.\n\nHollywood and La Brea Gateway \n\nThe Hollywood and La Brea Gateway is a 1993 cast stainless steel public art installation by architect Catherine Hardwicke. The sculpture, popularly known as The Four Ladies of Hollywood, was commissioned by the Los Angeles Community Redevelopment Agency Art Program as a tribute to the multi-ethnic women of the entertainment industry. The installation consists of a square stainless steel Art Deco-style structure or gazebo, with an arched roof supporting a circular dome that is topped by a central obelisk with descending neon block letters spelling \"Hollywood\" on each of its four sides. Atop the obelisk is a small gilded weather vane-style sculpture of Marilyn Monroe in her iconic billowing skirt pose from The Seven Year Itch. The corners of the domed structure are supported by four caryatids sculpted by Harl West representing African-American actress Dorothy Dandridge, Asian-American actress Anna May Wong, Mexican actress Dolores del Río, and Brooklyn-born multi-ethnic actress Mae West. The installation stands at the western end of the Hollywood Walk of Fame at the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and North La Brea Avenue.\n\nThe gazebo was dedicated on February 1, 1994, to a mixed reception. Los Angeles Times art critic Christopher Knight called it \"the most depressingly awful work of public art in recent years\", representing the opposite of Hardwicke's intended tribute to women. \"Sex, as a woman's historic gateway to Hollywood\", he wrote, \"couldn't be more explicitly described\".\n\nIndependent writer and film producer Gail Choice called it a fitting tribute to a group of pioneering and courageous women who \"carried a tremendous burden on their feminine shoulders\". \"Never in my wildest dreams did I believe I'd ever see women of color immortalized in such a creative and wonderful fashion.\" Hardwicke contended that critics had missed the \"humor and symbolism\" of the structure, which \"embraces and pokes fun at the glamour, the polished metallic male form of the Oscar, and the pastiche of styles and dreams that pervades Tinseltown.\"\n\nIn June 2019, the Marilyn Monroe statue above the gazebo was stolen by a man who had vandalized Donald Trump's star a year earlier.\n\nHomage \n\nSome fans show respect for star recipients both living and dead by laying flowers or other symbolic tributes at their stars. Others show their support in other ways; the star awarded to Julio Iglesias, for example, is kept in \"pristine condition [by] a devoted band of elderly women [who] scrub and polish it once a month\".\n\nThe Hollywood Chamber of Commerce has adopted the tradition of placing flower wreaths at the stars of newly deceased awardees; for example Bette Davis in 1989, Katharine Hepburn in 2003, and Jackie Cooper in 2011. The stars of other deceased celebrities, such as Michael Jackson, Farrah Fawcett, Elizabeth Taylor, Charles Aznavour, Richard Pryor, Ricardo Montalbán, James Doohan, Whitney Houston, Frank Sinatra, Robin Williams, Joan Rivers, George Harrison, Aretha Franklin, Stan Lee and Betty White have become impromptu memorial and vigil sites as well, and some continue to receive anniversary remembrances.\n\nSee also \n\n List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame\n List of actors with Hollywood Walk of Fame motion picture stars\n List of fictional characters with stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame\n List of halls and walks of fame\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n \n Hollywood Chamber of Commerce Walk of Fame videos – YouTube\n Hollywood Chamber of Commerce\n Hollywood Star Walk map: Los Angeles Times\n Hollywood Star Walk list: Los Angeles Times\n Hollywood Star Template\n\n \nWalks of fame\nWalk of Fame\nWalk of Fame\nWalk of Fame\nEntertainment halls of fame\nHalls of fame in California\n1958 establishments in California\nLos Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments\nTourist attractions in Los Angeles" ]

[ "Ringo Starr", "Awards and honours", "How many Grammy's has Ringo Starr won?", "Starr, George Martin and his son Giles accepted the Best Compilation Soundtrack award for Love.", "Did Ringo Starr every win another music award?", "On 9 November 2008, Starr accepted a Diamond Award on behalf of the Beatles during the 2008 World Music Awards ceremony in Monaco.", "Was Ringo Starr ever knighted in Great Britain?", "He was knighted in an investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace by Prince William, Duke of Cambridge on 20 March 2018.", "Has he ever been awarded a special title in England?", "Starr was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2018 New Year Honours for services to music.", "Has he ever been honored in America?", "On 8 February 2010, he was honoured with the 2,401st star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce.", "Was he awarded a Star of the Hollywood Walk of Fame by himself or for the band?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Survive (often styled S U R V I V E) is an electronic band consisting of Michael Stein, Kyle Dixon, Adam Jones and Mark Donica formed in 2009 in Austin, Texas. The Austin-based quartet have been producing synth-heavy, horror-score-influenced compositions for almost a decade, exploring these themes through drum machines and analog synths across various single, EP and LP releases and contributions to soundtracks such as acclaimed indie horror film The Guest. The band gained wider fame after members Dixon and Stein composed the musical score for the Netflix series Stranger Things.\n\nBoth volumes of the soundtrack were nominated individually for the Best Score Soundtrack Category for the 2017 Grammy Awards, though neither won. 2017 saw Dixon and Stein also nominated for an ASCAP award as a result of their soundtrack work. In September 2017 Dixon and Stein won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music for their work on the Stranger Things theme. 2017 has also seen the band curate the music for Sensory, a multi-dimensional immersive restaurant experience' at Sugar Hill Mountain Festival in Melbourne, Australia.\n\nDiscography\n\nAlbums\n\nExtended plays & tapes\n\nMusic videos\n\nReferences\n\nAmerican electronic musicians", "Casting Crowns is a contemporary Christian music band from McDonough, Georgia. Consisting of Mark Hall (vocals), Meledee DeVevo (violin), Juan DeVevo (guitars), Hector Cervantes (guitars), Chris Huffman (bass guitar), Megan Garrett (keyboard) and Brian Scoggin (drums), the band has released five studio albums: Casting Crowns (2003), Lifesong (2005), The Altar and the Door (2007), Until the Whole World Hears (2009), and Come to the Well (2011). They have also released four live albums and one holiday album.\n\nCasting Crowns has won and been nominated for numerous awards in the United States. At the 48th Grammy Awards, their album Lifesong won the award for Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album, the band's only Grammy Award out of five career nominations. The band was awarded the Dove Award for Group of the Year for five consecutive years from 2005–09, and they were awarded the Dove Award for Artist of the Year in 2010. Their albums Lifesong and The Altar and the Door have both received the Dove Award for Pop/Contemporary Album of the Year, while their songs \"Who Am I\", \"Praise You In This Storm\" and \"East to West\" have been honored with the Dove Award for Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year.\n\nAmerican Music Awards\nThe American Music Awards are awarded for achievements in the American record industry. Casting Crowns has been nominated for six awards, winning four of them.\n\nBillboard Music Awards\nThe Billboard Music Awards reflect \"chart rankings based on key fan interactions with music, including album sales and downloads, track downloads, radio airplay and touring as well as streaming and social interactions on Facebook, Twitter, Vevo, YouTube, Spotify and other popular online destinations for music\". Casting Crowns has been nominated for five awards, winning two of them.\n\nDove Awards\nThe GMA Dove Awards honor artists in the genres of Christian music and Gospel music. Casting Crowns has been nominated for 52 awards, winning 16 of them.\n\nGrammy Awards\nThe Grammy Awards are awarded annually by The Recording Academy and honor \"artistic achievement, technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry, without regard to album sales or chart position\". Casting Crowns has received one award out of six nominations.\n\nReferences\n\nCasting Crowns" ]

[ "Ringo Starr", "Awards and honours", "How many Grammy's has Ringo Starr won?", "Starr, George Martin and his son Giles accepted the Best Compilation Soundtrack award for Love.", "Did Ringo Starr every win another music award?", "On 9 November 2008, Starr accepted a Diamond Award on behalf of the Beatles during the 2008 World Music Awards ceremony in Monaco.", "Was Ringo Starr ever knighted in Great Britain?", "He was knighted in an investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace by Prince William, Duke of Cambridge on 20 March 2018.", "Has he ever been awarded a special title in England?", "Starr was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2018 New Year Honours for services to music.", "Has he ever been honored in America?", "On 8 February 2010, he was honoured with the 2,401st star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce.", "Was he awarded a Star of the Hollywood Walk of Fame by himself or for the band?", "I don't know.", "Has he won awards both individually and for the whole band?", "Starr was nominated for a 1989 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in a Children's Series for his role as Mr. Conductor in the television series Shining Time Station." ]

[ "Wallace Edwards is a Canadian illustrator and writer who won the 2002 Governor General's Award for children's book illustration recognizing Alphabeasts. He is a graduate of the Ontario College of Art.\n\nOn October 16, 2007, Wallace Edwards was nominated for the Governor General's Award for illustrating The Painted Circus.To date, Edwards has both written and illustrated five published books, of which three have been nominated for this, Canada's most prestigious literary award.\n\nBooks \n\nAs writer and illustrator \n Alphabeasts\n The painted circus : P.T. Vermin presents a mesmerizing menagerie of trickery and illusion guaranteed to beguile and bamboozle the beholder! (Toronto: Kids Can Press, 2007), \n Uncle Wally's Old Brown Shoe (Vancouver: Orca Book Publishers, 2012)\n Unnatural Selections (Orca, 2014)\n What is Peace? (Peace Quest, 2016)\n\nSee also\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n\nCanadian children's book illustrators\nGovernor General's Award-winning children's illustrators\nOCAD University alumni\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nPlace of birth missing (living people)", "The Sarasaviya Best Female Playback Singer Award is presented annually by the weekly Sarasaviya newspaper in collaboration with the Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited at the Sarasaviya Awards Festival.\nAlthough the Sarasaviya Awards Ceremony began in 1964, this award was introduced much later. Out of the award-winning singers, Nanda Malini has won the most, 11 Sarasaviya Awards. Following is a list of the winners of this prestigious title since then.\n\nReferences\n\nFemale Playback" ]

[ "Vince McMahon", "World Wide Wrestling Federation (1969-1979)" ]

[ "Pierre Lafleur (born February 13, 1939) is a former French Canadian professional wrestler who is best known for his appearances with the World Wide Wrestling Federation under the ring name Lumberjack Pierre where he was the half of The Yukon Lumberjacks.\n\nCareer\nPierre Lafleur started wrestling in 1975 in the San Francisco territory of NWA as Soldier Lebeouf. He was not successful in San Francisco territory, so he left it after a short time. He wrestled with Nick Gulas and Jerry Jarrett in CWA Memphis as The Russian Stomper. He used the same gimmick in Jim Crockett's Mid-Atlantic territory.\n\nWorld Wrestling Association (1975–1978)\nHe joined Dick the Bruiser's WWA in mid-1975 where he wrestled as Igor Volkoff.\n\nHis first fame rose when he started the gimmick Private Zarinoff Lebeouf as part of the tag team Legionnaires. He replaced Private Don Fargo and teamed with Sgt. Jacques Goulet. Fargo and Goulet had a fight. Due to this, Fargo left WWA and Zarinoff had to replace him as Goulet's partner.\n\nWorld Wide Wrestling Federation (1978)\nZarinoff left for World Wide Wrestling Federation in 1978 as Lumberjack Pierre. He became one half of the tag team Yukon Lumberjacks with Yukon Eric.\n\nWorld Tag Team Championship\nOn June 26, 1978, the Yukon Lumberjacks defeated Dino Bravo and Dominic DeNucci to win the WWWF Tag Team Championship which was the only title of Pierre and they held the titles briefly. On November 21, they lost the titles to Tony Garea and Larry Zbyszko. Zarinoff retired afterwards.\n\nLafleur came back to Québec for Varousac until a real shoot fight with Ray Rougeau and left the territory for Portland\n\nChampionships and accomplishments\nWorld Wrestling Association\nWWA World Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Jacques Goulet (2) and Roger Kirby (1)\n\nWorld Wide Wrestling Federation\nWWWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Yukon Eric\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1939 births\nCanadian male professional wrestlers\nFaux Russian professional wrestlers\nFrench Quebecers\nLiving people\nProfessional wrestlers from Quebec\nSportspeople from Montreal", "Vilmos Farkas (c. 1935 – January 10, 2016) was a Hungarian/Canadian professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, The Wolfman, his very name \"Farkas\" in Hungarian means 'wolf' . He is best known for his appearances with the World Wide Wrestling Federation, Maple Leaf Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling in the 1970s and 1980s.\n\nEarly Days\nVilmos \"Willie\" Farkas fled the Communist regime in Hungary, settling in Ontario with family in 1956. Farkas worked on a tobacco plantation before a chance meeting with Stu Hart (who convinced him to relocate to Calgary) to train for a career in professional wrestling.\n\nIn 1959 Farkas arrived in Calgary where worked in a factory, with a view to training under Stu Hart, but that didn't eventuate as Farkas was arrested after a bar fight and spent 18 months in jail. On release Farkas returned to Ontario in 1962 where he began training with Mikel Scicluna (who also trained Dave McKigney and Waldo Von Erich who were in the same class). After training Farkas traveled the Canadian territories including Stampede Wrestling in Calgary, International Wrestling in Quebec and Frank Tunney's Maple Leaf Wrestling in Toronto.\n\nWorld Wide Wrestling Federation\nWillie Farkas started wrestling for the WWWF in 1970, initially competing under his real name. After a brief Hawaiian tour for Ed Francis, he returned as The Wolfman, who claimed to be raised by wolves. He was escorted to the ring by his manager Captain Lou Albano, with a chain around his neck, sporting long hair, scruffy beard and furry boots. The Wolfman challenged WWWF Heavyweight champions Bruno Sammartino and Pedro Morales. In 1975 he returned to feud with Pedro Morales and Gorilla Monsoon throughout his stint, this time being managed by Freddie Blassie.\n\nAll Japan Pro Wrestling\nUpon leaving the World Wide Wrestling Federation Willie Farkas toured All Japan Pro Wrestling often teaming with Bobo Brazil.\n\nReturn To Canada\nOn his return from Japan, Farkus became a regular in the Canadian territories wrestling for and Dave McKigney's Big Time Wrestling tours of Ontario and International Wrestling in Montreal where he feuded with The Destroyer. The Wolfman retired in 1988 after the death of his friend and sometime tag team partner \"The Bearman\" Dave McKigney.\n\nWillie Farkus passed away aged 80 in 2016 after a long illness.\n\nReferences\n\nCanadian male professional wrestlers\nHungarian professional wrestlers\n2016 deaths\nProfessional wrestlers from Toronto\nStampede Wrestling alumni" ]

[ "Vince McMahon", "World Wide Wrestling Federation (1969-1979)", "What happened in 1969 with the World Wide Wrestling Federation?", "In 1969, McMahon made his debut as an in-ring announcer for the WWWF's All-Star Wrestling." ]

[ "Harry Kramer (born February 9, 1911 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – died January 23, 1996 in Sarasota, Florida) was an American radio and television announcer, better known as the \"Voice of CBS News.\"\n\nKramer was an announcer with CBS in New York for 30 years, starting in the early 1940s. His radio credits included News of the World, Viva América, and Hearthstone of the Death Squad. On television, Kramer was an announcer on the 1951 version of Winner Take All, but his main fame came from two places: first, his stint as announcer for the daytime soap opera The Edge of Night between 1957 and 1972; and secondly, his run as announcer on the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite from 1962 to 1971. Kramer was also announcer for coverage of political conventions, space launches, assassinations, and other major stories that unfolded during that period. His run as announcer for CBS ended around the time he was succeeded as The Edge of Night announcer by Hal Simms, and as CBS Evening News announcer by Bob Hite.\n\nKramer died after a short illness at age 84.\n\nReferences\n Obituary in the Sarasota Herald-Tribune, January 25, 1996.\n\nExternal links\n\n Harry Kramer radio credits (surname misspelled in the database as Cramer)\n\n1911 births\n1996 deaths\nRadio personalities from Philadelphia\nAmerican radio personalities\nAmerican television personalities\nAmerican male voice actors\nRadio and television announcers\n20th-century American male actors", "Kolman Carroll Rutkin (October 6, 1928 – July 30, 2019), better known as Roger Carroll, was an American radio disc jockey and television announcer.\n\nCareer\n\n1940s\nCarroll became an announcer at WFMD in Frederick, Maryland, in 1945 (age of 15). In 1948, he was hired as a staff announcer for the ABC Network, Hollywood, at age 18; Carroll was at that time the youngest announcer in the network's history. He served as an announcer for 10 years with the network.\n\n1950s\nBy December 1958, Carroll had become host of what a Los Angeles Times columnist described as \"KABC's most outstanding music show\". He had begun work at KABC as a substitute disc jockey. In 1959 he was hired as a disk jockey and radio show host at KMPC radio in Hollywood. His program, \"The R.C. Get-Together,\" ran until 1979 and was one of the most popular radio shows in Southern California. His work for KMPC included game-day remote broadcasts from stadiums when the Los Angeles Rams and the California Angels played home games.\n\n1960s\nHe began his television career as the announcer for The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour (1967-1969). He continued with the brothers in the 1988 and 1989 versions of that program as well as on The Smothers Brothers Show in 1970 and again in 1975. He went on to be the announcer for The Leslie Uggams Show (1969) and The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour (1969).\n\n1970s\nCarroll was the announcer for The Pearl Bailey Show (1971), The Bobby Darin Show (1973), The Tony Orlando and Dawn Rainbow Hour (1976), and The Redd Foxx Comedy Hour (1977-1978). In 1979, he left KMPC to become a vice president of Golden West Broadcasting.\n\n1980s\nIn 1981, Carroll was co-owner of KWIP, an AM radio station in Dallas, Oregon. He also owned Best Sounds in Town Inc./Roger Carroll Productions, which created and produced special programs, commercials and jingles.\n\nReferences\n\n1934 births\n2019 deaths\nAmerican radio DJs\nRadio and television announcers\nRadio personalities from Baltimore\nRadio personalities from Los Angeles" ]

[ "Vince McMahon", "World Wide Wrestling Federation (1969-1979)", "What happened in 1969 with the World Wide Wrestling Federation?", "In 1969, McMahon made his debut as an in-ring announcer for the WWWF's All-Star Wrestling.", "Was he successful as an announcer?", "Throughout the 1970s, McMahon became the prominent force in his father's company" ]

[ "Norman Ernest Brokenshire (June 10, 1898 – May 4, 1965), nicknamed \"Sir Silken Speech\", was a familiar radio voice in the 1940s, heard as an announcer on such programs as Theatre Guild on the Air. He was the first radio announcer to break from anonymity and use his name on the air.\n\nHis autobiography This Is Norman Brokenshire: An Unvarnished Self-Portrait was published in 1954.\n\nEarly years\nBrokenshire was born near Hudson Bay to a minister father who preached in remote sections of Canada. After coming to the United States in 1918, he served in the U.S. Army as an artillery man.\n\nRadio\nBrokenshire's broadcasting career began in 1924 at WJZ, where he immediately attracted attention. The New York Herald Tribune asked, \"Who is this new AON? He speaks with perfect enunciation and exceptional modulation.\" That same year, he became the first announcer to cover a political convention when he worked the Democrats' meeting in New York.\n\nIn the summer of 1927, Brokenshire had his own program, A Half Hour with Norman Brokenshire on WPG. By 1929, he was an announcer for CBS.\n\nBrokenshire was known for his folksy greeting, \"How do you do, ladies and gentlemen, how do you do.\" \nBy 1947, he was earning $50,000 annually.\n\nOld-time radio programs for which Brokenshire was the announcer included The Chesterfield Hour, Chesterfield Cigarettes Presents \"Music That Satisfies\" (also known as Chesterfield Time), Eddie Cantor's Follies, Inner Sanctum Mystery, and Major Bowes Amateur Hour.\n\nIn 1961, Brokenshire returned to radio \"after an absence of some years, ... doing commercials on radio station WMMM in Westport, Conn.\"\n\nTelevision\nHe became an announcer for television in the 1950s and had his own ABC series, The Better Home Show, (1951–52) offering instruction in home crafts and renovation. He also hosted the syndicated series Handy Man in 1952.\n\nHis wife, Eunice Brokenshire, was a radio program director in the 1920s. His autobiography, This Is Norman Brokenshire, was published in 1954 by David McKay.\n\nDeath\nBrokenshire died of a stroke May 4, 1965. He was survived by his wife.\n\nReferences\n\n1898 births\n1965 deaths\nUnited States Army personnel of World War I\nAmerican radio personalities\nCanadian emigrants to the United States\nPeople from Nipissing District\nRadio and television announcers", "Del Sharbutt (February 16, 1912 - April 26, 2002) was an American radio announcer. The son of \"a circuit-riding minister in the Texas Panhandle,\" he was born in Cleburne, Texas, and died in Palm Desert, California.\n\nSharbutt attended Texas Christian University, initially planning to study law. After he became involved in drama and music there, however, he changed his career plans. His first appearance on radio was in 1929 as a singer on WBAP in Fort Worth, Texas. He soon became an announcer, and from that point on, he made his career in broadcasting. Sharbutt's obituary in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel noted that he spent \"four decades as an announcer, newscaster, and company spokesman.\"\n\nA 1943 article in Radio Mirror magazine summarized Sharbutt's progress from local station WBAP to his then-current role at CBS:[At WBAP] Del was a one-man radio station, singing, acting, and announcing at $25 per week. After several years of working stations all over the Southwest, he ended up at $19 a week. Not satisfied with this progress in reverse, he went to Chicago and, after starving for two weeks, took a job singing in a Presbyterian church. There, he met a man who steered him into his first break as an announcer on Chicago's station WJJD. Del stuck at that for a year and a half, then came to New York. He arrived without a single contact, and three days later, beat out 50 competitors for an important job at CBS. \n\nOld-time radio shows for which Sharbutt was an announcer included, The Man I Married, Lavender and Old Lace, Guy Lombardo, Jack Pearl, Ray Noble, Bob Hope, The Song Shop, Hobby Lobby, Myrt and Marge, The Hour of Charm, Melody and Madness, Colgate Ask-It-Basket, Lanny Ross,\nAmos 'n' Andy, Club Fifteen, The Jack Carson Show, Lum and Abner, Your Hit Parade, The Campbell Playhouse, Request Performance, Meet Mr. McNutley, and Meet Corliss Archer.\n\nIn 1958, Sharbutt was involved in an effort to revive a semblance of old-time radio on ABC. The Jim Backus Show was described in the Milwaukee Sentinel as \"what might be called an old-fashioned radio variety show.\" Sharbutt was the announcer for the program, which featured singers Betty Ann Grove and Jack Haskell and a quintet, The Honey Dreamers. Also in 1958, Sharbutt became a disc jockey on WABC in New York City. Another old-time radio announcer, Tony Marvin, and he began \"hosting afternoon record shows in their distinctively deep voices.\" His other on-air activities in radio included being a newscaster for the Mutual Broadcasting System and a master of ceremonies for a Ringabuk, a local program in New York City.\n\nSharbutt was an announcer for television programs, including Who Do You Trust?, The Jerry Colonna Show, Your Hit Parade The Betty White Show (1954 version), All Star Revue, and Kukla, Fran and Ollie. \nHe also appeared as himself on the TV shows Of All Things, The Jerry Fielding Show, and The Saturday Night Revue with Jack Carter. In something of a reprise of one of his regular jobs, Sharbutt played an announcer in the movie Hit Parade of 1947.\n\nAfter doing commercials for Campbell's Soup on several shows that he announced, Sharbutt became more closely associated with Campbell's as a company spokesman. His obituary in the Los Angeles Times noted, \"He voiced the commercials, touting the soups as 'Mmm-mm-good,'\" a slogan that he created.\n\nMusic\n\nSharbutt's obituary in the LA Times noted, \"A musician as well, Sharbutt played sax, clarinet, piano, and organ, and was a songwriter. Among his credits are the theme for the television comedy series The Bob Cummings Show and the early-1950s ditty \n'\n\"A Romantic Guy, I\". He also wrote \"The Kitten with the Big Green Eyes\", \"I'd Love To\", \"Silver and Gold,\", \"The Nickel Serenade\", \"I Can't Hold a Dream in My Arms\", and \"My Love\" \"Silver and Gold\", which Sharbutt wrote with Bob Crosby and Henry Prichard, was part of the sound track of the 2013 movie 20 Feet from Stardom.\n\nAlcohol recovery efforts\n\nDuring the last 26 years of his life, after he retired, Sharbutt became \"known for his untiring work in alcohol recovery programs.\" An Associated Press story in 1977 mentioned him as one of 24 prominent people who \"came out of the closet\" in an attempt to encourage other alcoholics to seek help. In a 1978 interview with his journalist son, Jay, Sharbutt said that his family physician diagnosed him as an alcoholic in 1955. Sharbutt recalled, \"I said, 'That's an awful thing to say to a friend.' He said, 'That's a diagnosis, not a put-down. It is a killer disease.'\"\n\nIn the interview, Sharbutt said that before the diagnosis, \"My drinking was getting out of control. I nearly drank myself to death trying to have fun. I knew it was not the real me. I was now drinking just to stay even, to function, survive, not to get high or have fun. But I still did it after work. I did hundreds of shows with hangovers.\" After his doctor intervened, Sharbutt was helped by some of the doctor's patients who were recovered alcoholics. Sharbutt said, \"It was my association with these recovered alcoholics that enabled me to stop drinking nearly 24 years ago. My greatest joy since has been trying to help other practicing alcoholics do what I've done.\"\n\nMuch of Sharbutt's work in that regard was focused around Palm Desert, California, where his wife and he moved after he retired. Rank wrote, \"Del and Dr. Joe Cruse ... started an educational program on alcoholism at Eisenhower Medical Center called 'The Alcohol Awareness Hour.' It featured locally and nationally known recovering alcoholics who gave talks and answered questions on the disease.\" Sharbutt produced a program, \"Jazz Without Booze\", that featured recovering jazz musicians, singers, and others. The show was produced for 17 years and always sold out the first day tickets were available. Proceeds went to the volunteer program of the Eisenhower Medical Center.\n\nSharbutt and his wife (known professionally as Meri Bell), played integral roles in encouraging former First Lady Betty Ford to establish the Betty Ford Center. Bell was Ford's sponsor in Alcoholics Anonymous. Ford's obituary in USA Today related developments after she received hospital treatment for recovering alcoholics: Ford was encouraged to help other drug and alcohol addicts as part of her therapy, but Bell's husband, the late Del Sharbutt, Eisenhower [Medical Center] board President John Sinn and Chairwoman Dolores Hope sought to integrally involve the Fords in their medical center. \"After she got out of treatment,\" Sharbutt told The Desert Sun in the 1990s, \"Dolores [Hope] called her and said, 'You're the new kid on the block. Do you see anything around here that we're not doing that we ought to be doing?' Betty spoke right up and said, 'Yes, you don't have a program for alcoholism or chemical dependency.'\"\n\nFamily\n\nSharbutt was married to Mary C. Balsley, who sang professionally as Meri Bell. They had two sons, Jay Sharbutt and Bill Sharbutt, and a daughter, M.D. Ridge.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Two streaming recordings of newscasts by Del Sharbutt are among the files on this page.\n\n1912 births\n2002 deaths\nAmerican male radio actors\nRadio and television announcers\nAmerican radio personalities" ]

[ "Vince McMahon", "World Wide Wrestling Federation (1969-1979)", "What happened in 1969 with the World Wide Wrestling Federation?", "In 1969, McMahon made his debut as an in-ring announcer for the WWWF's All-Star Wrestling.", "Was he successful as an announcer?", "Throughout the 1970s, McMahon became the prominent force in his father's company", "What else did he do in the company besides being an announcer?", "over the next decade, assisted his father in tripling TV syndication." ]

[ "Television deficit financing is the practice of a network or channel paying the studio that creates a show a license fee in exchange for the right to air the show, and in which the license fee is less than the cost of the show. A major broadcast network will ask a program producer to share in the financial risk when considering adopting a new program to its schedule; at least for the first season of the series. Deficit financing is often the norm for scripted television, this came during the Post Network Era. Deficit financing however, does not cover the cost of product, which leads to a deficit for the studio.\n\nTelevision deficit financing also helps to minimize the substantial risks and costs of developing programs for the networks and gives studios initial benefits as well. The studio bears the difference between production costs and licensing fees, but recoups significantly more money if the show is sold in syndication. The main benefit of deficit financing comes from syndication, this offers different windows for the program, i.e. first run syndication, second run, cable, etc. There is both good and bad to deficit financing, it gives the studios the opportunity to gain major rewards, but they are also taking most of the risk. For networks, they are minimizing most of their risk, but they risk losing out on most profit. If the network orders enough episodes of a show, the studio can then sell the series to other markets. Deficit financing minimizes risks and costs of developing programs for networks.\n\nTelevision deficit financing is said to be a risk for both sides because they lead deficit financing became the norm for scripted television. The network pays a license fee to the studio for the right to air the show. The key is license fee does not cover the production cost. It leads to a \"deficit\" for the show. The studio then keeps ownership of the show and can resell it to other markets. The difference between studios and networks are then collaborated into deficit financing. Studios actually make the program which equals production. Studios can be network studios such as ABC Studios. An example of a film studio is Warner Brothers. On the other hand, networks organize and distribute shows. Some have been said to be creative. The other aspect of deficit financing is broadcast syndication. Syndication is where the huge money is produced. There are different windows in syndication. The different windows first run syndication, second run, and cable.\n\nReferences\n\nTelevision terminology\nTelevision syndication", "Syndication may refer to:\n\n Broadcast syndication, where individual stations buy programs outside the network system\n Print syndication, where individual newspapers or magazines license news articles, columns, or comic strips\n Web syndication, where web feeds make a portion of a web site available to other sites or individual subscribers\n Search syndication, a form of contextual advertising\n Syndicated loan, when a group of banks work together to provide funds for a borrower\n Really Simple Syndication, news feeds\n\nSee also\n Syndic\n Syndicate\n Syndicate (disambiguation)\n Wikipedia:Syndication" ]

[ "Vince McMahon", "World Wide Wrestling Federation (1969-1979)", "What happened in 1969 with the World Wide Wrestling Federation?", "In 1969, McMahon made his debut as an in-ring announcer for the WWWF's All-Star Wrestling.", "Was he successful as an announcer?", "Throughout the 1970s, McMahon became the prominent force in his father's company", "What else did he do in the company besides being an announcer?", "over the next decade, assisted his father in tripling TV syndication.", "Did they make a lot of money through syndication?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Noddle was a credit report service offered by the British arm of American company TransUnion (formerly CallCredit). The business was launched in 2011 and was sold to Credit Karma in 2019.\n\nHistory \nIn June 2011, 10,000 people were invited to test the service prior to its full launch later that year.\n\nIn November 2018, Credit Karma said it would acquire Noddle from TransUnion. At the time, the company had 35 employees and four million users. The acquisition closed in April 2019 and the Noddle brand was replaced with Credit Karma branding.\n\nProducts \nThe service advertised that its clients were able to view a full credit report free for life, unlike the similar paid-for services from rivals Equifax and Experian. Noddle charged for extra services such as Noddle Improve, which told users how to improve their credit scores, and Noddle Web Watch, which scanned websites looking for fraudulent uses of users' information and warning users about anything that appeared awry.\n\nIf clients saw any discrepancies in their reports, they had to dispute issues with the pertinent reference agency.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nFinancial services companies established in 2011\nCredit scoring\n2019 mergers and acquisitions", "Internal Security Assessor (ISA) is a designation given by the PCI Security Standards Council to eligible internal security audit professionals working for a qualifying organization. The intent of this qualification is for these individuals to receive PCI DSS training so that their qualifying organization has a better understanding of PCI DSS and how it impacts their company. Becoming an ISA can improve the relationship with Qualified Security Assessors and support the consistent and proper application of PCI DSS measures and controls within the organization. The PCI SSC's secure portal can be used to verify ISA employees.\n\nAn ISA is also able to perform self-assessments for their organization as long as they are not a Level 1 merchant \n\nISA training is only available for merchants and processors. Organizations are required to have an internal audit department and cannot be affiliated with a Qualified Security Assessor or Automated Scanning Vendor (ASV) company in any way.\n\nCertificate Renewal \nThe ISA certification must be renewed annually. The ISA certification is company specific. If the certified individual leaves the company that sponsored them, the certification is no longer valid The good news is you are no longer required to complete the onsite training. Requalifying ISA Training currently costs $1,095. This includes training modules and the exam. Once an individual successfully completes the exam they will receive their renewed Certificate of Qualification.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n PCI Security Standards Council\n\nComputer security organizations\nInformation privacy\nall\nStandards" ]

[ "Vince McMahon", "World Wide Wrestling Federation (1969-1979)", "What happened in 1969 with the World Wide Wrestling Federation?", "In 1969, McMahon made his debut as an in-ring announcer for the WWWF's All-Star Wrestling.", "Was he successful as an announcer?", "Throughout the 1970s, McMahon became the prominent force in his father's company", "What else did he do in the company besides being an announcer?", "over the next decade, assisted his father in tripling TV syndication.", "Did they make a lot of money through syndication?", "I don't know.", "How were they able to improve their company?", "He pushed for the renaming of the company to the World Wrestling Federation (WWF)." ]

[ "Robert Waller (born September 1955) is a British election expert, author, teacher, and former opinion pollster. His best known published work is The Almanac of British Politics (8 editions, 1983–2007), a guide to the voting patterns of all United Kingdom parliamentary constituencies.\n\nEducation and career\n\nWaller was born in Stoke-on-Trent, and educated first at Buxton College in Derbyshire, and then at the University of Oxford. In 1977, he earned a BA in History from Balliol College, and in 1981, graduated from Merton College with an MA and D.Phil. in History. His doctoral thesis, a historical study of the Dukeries district of Nottinghamshire, was published by Oxford University Press in 1983 under the title The Dukeries Transformed. He was a Fellow of Magdalen College from 1980 to 1984.\n\nFrom 1984 to 1986 Waller was a lecturer and tutor in Politics and History at the University of Oxford, as well as an assistant professor at the University of Notre Dame. In 1986, he became the research director of the Harris Research Centre, responsible for national opinion polling. He remained in this position until 1998, when he took up secondary school teaching. He has since taught at Brighton College, Dame Alice Harpur School in Bedford, and Haileybury in Hertford. In 2001 he was made head of History and Politics at the Greenacre School for Girls in Banstead, Surrey. In 2017 he moved to teach at Dunottar School, Reigate.\n\nFrom 2008 until the 2010 general election, Waller contributed a monthly column to Total Politics magazine.\n\nBibliography\n\nThe Dukeries Transformed. 1983. Oxford University Press. .\nThe Almanac of British Politics.\nApril 1983 (Croom Helm) \nOctober 1983 (Croom Helm) \n1987 (Croom Helm) \n1991 (Routledge) \n1995 (Routledge) \n1999 (Routledge) \n2002 (Routledge) \n2007 (Routledge) \n The Atlas of British Politics (1985). Croom Helm. .\nMoulding Political Opinion (with Ken Livingstone and Sir Geoffrey Finsberg 1988). Croom Helm. .\nWhat if the SDP-Liberal Alliance had finished second in the 1983 general election in Duncan Brack and Iain Dale (eds) Prime Minister Portillo and other things that never happened. (2003, paperback 2004). Politico's Publishing. \nWhat if the 1903 Gladstone – MacDonald Pact had never happened in Duncan Brack (ed) President Gore ... and other things that never happened (2006). Politico's Publishing. \nWhat if proportional representation had been introduced in 1918 in Duncan Brack and Iain Dale eds. Prime Minister Boris .. and other things that never happened (2011). Biteback Publishing. \n2015 General Election (with Iain Dale, Greg Callus and Daniel Hamilton) (2014). Biteback Publishing. .\nThe Politico's Guide to the New House of Commons 2015 (with Tim Carr and Iain Dale 2015). Biteback Publishing. .\nWhat if Lyndon Johnson had been shot down in 1942 in Duncan Brack and Iain Dale eds. Prime Minister Corbyn ... and other things that never happened (2016). Biteback Publishing. \nThe Politico's Guide to the New House of Commons 2017 (with Tim Carr and Iain Dale 2017). Biteback Publishing. .\nRamsay MacDonald in Iain Dale ed. The Prime Ministers (2020). Hodder & Stoughton. \nWhat if Franklin D.Roosevelt had died of polio in 1921 in Duncan Brack and Iain Dale eds. Prime Minister Priti ... and other things that never happened (2021). Biteback Publishing. \nRutherford Hayes in Iain Dale ed. The Presidents (2021). Hodder & Stoughton.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Full text of doctoral thesis, \"The social and political development of a new coalfield\" via Oxford Research Archive\n\nAlumni of Balliol College, Oxford\n1955 births\nLiving people\nPeople educated at Buxton College\nPollsters", "Mookajjiya Kanasugalu (English: Dreams of Mookajji) is a 1968 Kannada epic novel written by K. Shivaram Karanth. It won the Jnanpith Award in the year 1977. The novel is about the thoughts of human being of today's generation. It deals with the beliefs, the origin of tradition etc.\n\nThe name of the novel itself is interesting as when translated, it says \"Dreams of Silent Granny\". Although the author does not want to mention any of the character as lead characters, its Granny and her grandson who are two main lead characters of this novel. Grandson represents every human being who has doubts about the origin of superstitious beliefs and tradition. Grandma in this novel has got a strength of seeing the things which are going to happen and which are happened before in the form of dreams. Mookajji represents our beliefs in this book. She tries to reveal our true beliefs.\n\nPlot summary\nSet in village called \"Mooduru\", the novel revolves around two main characters: Mookajji and her grandson Subbraya. Subbraya represents the doubts raised in human beings about the god and other traditions. Mookajji is a widow aged about 80, who lost her husband at the age of ten years. The character of grandmother in this book has got some supernatural powers of telling the truth about the things that are going to happen and those which are happened already. Though other characters are present, the author used them (Mookajji and her grandson) effectively to convey his theme.\n\nBackground\nSubbraya always loves to listen to the stories told by his grandmother, instead of reading novels which fails in portraying reality. He feels that the stories told by his grandmother are much more interesting than those novels. He takes every matter to his Grandmother to know reality of them and he feels that Mookajji's answer appealing and real. Although incidents happen in a village, the author makes Subbraya to ask questions regarding god, culture, belief, evolution and other social issues.\n\nTranslations\nThe novel has been translated in many languages such as English, Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, Oriya and Malayalam.\n\nIn Malayalam, the story is known by the name Mookambikayude Swapnangal.\n\nMovie\nMookajjiya Kanasugalu is made into a film in Kannada language with the same name as title of the movie.\n\nAwards\nThe novel received the Jnanpith Award in 1977.\n\nReferences\n\nKannada novels\nJnanpith Award-winning works\nIndian novels adapted into films" ]

[ "Vince McMahon", "World Wide Wrestling Federation (1969-1979)", "What happened in 1969 with the World Wide Wrestling Federation?", "In 1969, McMahon made his debut as an in-ring announcer for the WWWF's All-Star Wrestling.", "Was he successful as an announcer?", "Throughout the 1970s, McMahon became the prominent force in his father's company", "What else did he do in the company besides being an announcer?", "over the next decade, assisted his father in tripling TV syndication.", "Did they make a lot of money through syndication?", "I don't know.", "How were they able to improve their company?", "He pushed for the renaming of the company to the World Wrestling Federation (WWF).", "What other interesting things happened in the 1970s?", "Throughout the 1970s, McMahon became the prominent force in his father's company and, over the next decade, assisted his father in tripling TV syndication." ]

[ "Kang Yong-gyun (born July 23, 1974) is a North Korean wrestler who competed in the Men's Graeco-Roman 54 kg at the 2000 Summer Olympics and won the bronze medal. He finished 4th at the 1996 Summer Olympics at 48 kg. He was two-time gold medallist at the World Military Games and two-time silver medallist at the 1998 and 2002 Asian Games.\n\nReferences\n\n1974 births\nLiving people\nOlympic wrestlers of North Korea\nWrestlers at the 1996 Summer Olympics\nWrestlers at the 2000 Summer Olympics\nNorth Korean male sport wrestlers\nOlympic bronze medalists for North Korea\nOlympic medalists in wrestling\nMedalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics\nAsian Games medalists in wrestling\nWrestlers at the 1998 Asian Games\nWrestlers at the 2002 Asian Games\nAsian Games silver medalists for North Korea\n\nMedalists at the 1998 Asian Games\nMedalists at the 2002 Asian Games", "Subhash Verma is a retired Indian wrestler born on 15 July 1968 at village Malakpur, Baghpat, UP. Verma was trained at the Hanuman Akhara (wrestling school) of Delhi. He was a very famous pupil of Guru Hanuman. He had won Bharat Kesari (Very Popular Indian Style wrestling Tournament) title 15 times in his career. Now he runs his own Akhara to train young wrestler for India.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nhttp://pb.bsf.gov.in/Arjuna_awardies.pdf\n\nSport wrestlers from Uttar Pradesh\n1968 births\nLiving people\nOlympic wrestlers of India\nWrestlers at the 1992 Summer Olympics\nIndian male sport wrestlers\nWrestlers at the 1988 Summer Olympics\nAsian Games medalists in wrestling\nWrestlers at the 1986 Asian Games\nWrestlers at the 1990 Asian Games\nWrestlers at the 1994 Asian Games\nCommonwealth Games bronze medallists for India\nWrestlers at the 1994 Commonwealth Games\nCommonwealth Games medallists in wrestling\nAsian Games bronze medalists for India\nMedalists at the 1990 Asian Games\nSportspeople from Baghpat district\nRecipients of the Arjuna Award" ]

[ "Vince McMahon", "World Wide Wrestling Federation (1969-1979)", "What happened in 1969 with the World Wide Wrestling Federation?", "In 1969, McMahon made his debut as an in-ring announcer for the WWWF's All-Star Wrestling.", "Was he successful as an announcer?", "Throughout the 1970s, McMahon became the prominent force in his father's company", "What else did he do in the company besides being an announcer?", "over the next decade, assisted his father in tripling TV syndication.", "Did they make a lot of money through syndication?", "I don't know.", "How were they able to improve their company?", "He pushed for the renaming of the company to the World Wrestling Federation (WWF).", "What other interesting things happened in the 1970s?", "Throughout the 1970s, McMahon became the prominent force in his father's company and, over the next decade, assisted his father in tripling TV syndication.", "Who were some popular wrestlers at the time?", "The younger McMahon was also behind the Muhammad Ali versus Antonio Inoki match of 1976." ]

[ "Shane Brandon McMahon (born January 15, 1970) is an American professional wrestler and businessman. He is best known for his tenure in WWE, where he is a wrestler, producer and minority owner. He is the founder and executive vice-chairman of Ideanomics, formerly Seven Stars Cloud Group. \n\nThe son of Vince McMahon, he is a fourth-generation wrestling promoter as a member of the McMahon family. He began working in WWE at age 15, starting in their warehouse, where he filled merchandise orders. McMahon was also a referee, producer, announcer, and eventually a wrestler on-screen, while also becoming WWE's Executive Vice President of Global Media behind the scenes. As a wrestler, he has won the European Championship once, the Hardcore Championship once, the SmackDown Tag Team Championship once, and the WWE World Cup in 2018.\n\nOn January 1, 2010, McMahon announced his resignation from WWE. Later that year, he became CEO of entertainment service company YOU On Demand. On July 12, 2013, McMahon stepped down as CEO of YOU On Demand and appointed Weicheng Liu as his successor, while remaining the company's principal executive officer and Vice Chairman of the Board. In 2016, he returned to WWE.\n\nEarly life \nShane Brandon McMahon was born on January 15, 1970 in Gaithersburg, Maryland to Vince and Linda McMahon. He has one sister, Stephanie McMahon. After graduating from Greenwich High School in 1987, he attended Boston University and in 1993 earned a degree in communications.\n\nProfessional wrestling career\n\nWorld Wrestling Federation/Entertainment\n\nEarly years (1988−1997) \nMcMahon began his on-screen career as a referee named Shane Stevens. As Shane Stevens, McMahon refereed during the inaugural 1988 Royal Rumble match, and in 1990 he was the first performer to walk out to greet the audience at WrestleMania VI. McMahon soon left behind his refereeing duties and took on the role of a backstage official at WrestleMania VIII in an attempt to break up a storyline brawl between Randy Savage and Ric Flair. McMahon would then mainly work behind the scenes, launching WWF.com in 1997.\n\nThe Corporation (1998–2000) \n\nShane McMahon made his first appearances as a regular on-air character in early 1998, when he was one of the main WWF executives negotiating with Mike Tyson during Tyson's heavily-hyped involvement in WrestleMania. He became a recurring part of his father's on-air feud with Stone Cold Steve Austin. In the early days of that angle, McMahon offered support for his father in cameo roles, but he did not become an enforcer like Gerald Brisco and Pat Patterson. McMahon was a color commentator on Sunday Night Heat alongside Jim Cornette and later Kevin Kelly, and announced with Jerry Lawler on the 1999 videogame WWF Attitude. Concurrently with this, Shane took on the role as a regular character, turning on his father by signing Austin to a contract after Vince demoted him to the position of referee. Yet at Survivor Series, Shane turned heel by turning on Austin and became an official member of The Corporation.\n\nIn February 1999, McMahon moved away from the commentary role on Heat and became a key component in the Corporation angle, winning the European Championship from X-Pac. The two met in a rematch at WrestleMania XV; McMahon got help from his childhood friends the Mean Street Posse and Triple H, who turned on X-Pac during the match, to retain the championship. McMahon then retired the title, wanting to retire as an \"undefeated champion\". McMahon later gave the title to Mideon, who found it in McMahon's duffel bag, thus reactivating it.\n\nAfter WrestleMania, Vince briefly made his second face run and Shane took control of the Corporation. With wrestlers such as Triple H in this new faction, Shane feuded with his father and a new faction made up of former Corporation members, The Union. On the UPN pilot for SmackDown!, Shane joined forces with The Undertaker and the Ministry of Darkness to form the Corporate Ministry. Eventually, Vince was revealed to be the mastermind behind this faction, and his face turn was explained to be a plot to get the WWF Championship off Austin. Austin then met Shane and Vince in a ladder match at the King of the Ring for ownership of the WWF, as in the storyline, Austin had 50%, which was assigned to him by Linda and Stephanie McMahon, upset by Vince and Shane's complicity in the storyline kidnapping of Stephanie by the Corporate Ministry, while Vince and Shane each had 25%. Shane and Vince won the match when a mystery associate raised the briefcase out of Austin's reach when he climbed the ladder, allowing Vince and Shane to grab the case and regain 100% ownership of the WWF. In 1999, McMahon was awarded the Pro Wrestling Illustrated Rookie of the Year award but he declined to accept it stating “These are for the boys, not me”.\n\nWith his ownership reinstated, McMahon shifted his sights to, then babyface, Test, who was kayfabe dating Shane's sister, Stephanie. Shane disapproved of the relationship, feeling Stephanie was dating \"beneath the family's standards\", and wound up feuding with Test. With help from the Mean Street Posse, McMahon made Test's life a living hell. At SummerSlam, McMahon met Test in a \"Love Her or Leave Her\" match, with the stipulation being that if McMahon won the match, Test and Stephanie could no longer see each other, and if he lost, McMahon would give his blessings to the pair. Test was able to get the win, and McMahon eventually settled his differences with Test, thus making his second face run by becoming his ally. As his father, Vince, then feuded with Triple H, Shane was attacked in early December 1999 by Triple H and D-Generation X (D-X). He was thrown off the stage in a gang-style attack, in which Billy Gunn and Road Dogg prevented members of the Corporation from saving Shane. Later in the year, Stephanie turned heel, siding with her new kayfabe husband then-heel, Triple H (the two began their off-screen relationship around this time, but did not marry in real life until 2003). With that, the McMahon-Helmsley Faction began, and all of the other McMahons disappeared from television.\n\nAt No Way Out, Shane made his return as a heel again by trying to help Big Show defeat The Rock; these efforts failed as Vince returned the next Monday night on Raw Is War, when the Rock got a rematch against Big Show and helped The Rock win the match. This started the road to WrestleMania 2000, wherein the four-way main event each wrestler had a McMahon in his corner. The Rock had Vince, Big Show had Shane, Triple H had Stephanie, and Mick Foley had Shane's mother, Linda McMahon. Big Show was the first man eliminated, and soon after he and Shane went their separate ways. This led to a match between the two at Judgment Day, which McMahon won after receiving help from Test and Albert, amongst others. Over the course of the next several months, McMahon allied himself with other heel wrestlers, specially Chris Benoit in his feud over the WWF Championship with The Rock. He was also aligned with Edge and Christian, who helped him win the Hardcore Championship from Steve Blackman. McMahon met Blackman in a rematch at SummerSlam, losing the title after falling through the stage. McMahon climbed up the set and tried to run away from Blackman, who gave chase and hit Shane with a Singapore cane, knocking him off. McMahon then disappeared from television, making occasional cameo appearances.\n\nThe Alliance (2001–2002) \n\nIn 2001, Shane made his third face run by once again feuding with his father, Vince. The feud with Vince was due to the elder McMahon's (kayfabe) affair with Trish Stratus and Vince's spite and demand to divorce Linda McMahon. As fate would have it, rival World Championship Wrestling (WCW) was sold to the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) one week before the Father versus Son match at WrestleMania X-Seven. In terms of the storyline, Vince demanded that Ted Turner sign the contract at WrestleMania X-Seven. With Vince's ego getting the best of him, Shane was able to seize the opportunity and purchase WCW himself, to the shock of Vince. McMahon defeated his father at WrestleMania X-Seven, in a Street Fight. At Backlash, McMahon debuted his theme song \"Here Comes The Money\" and was in a Last Man Standing match against Big Show. McMahon performed the Leap of Faith (from the top of the scaffolding), knocking himself and Show out. Test helped McMahon to his feet, causing McMahon to get the victory.\n\nMcMahon then began a feud with Kurt Angle. By the King of the Ring, on June 24, McMahon's feud with Angle had culminated. After already participating in two tournament matches that night, Angle wrestled McMahon in a Street Fight. After a suplex on the hard floor, Angle was thought to have cracked his tailbone. Angle also delivered an overhead belly to belly suplex through the plated glass stage set, but McMahon did not break through on the first attempt, causing him to fall head-first onto the concrete floor. After a successful second attempt, Angle was to put him through a second plate back out to the stage and again failed two more times. Angle proceeded to bodily hurl him through the plate glass. The match also had Shane missing a shooting star press and landing on a trash can, and ended with Angle performing the Angle Slam off the top rope before scoring the victory over a bloodied McMahon.\n\nMcMahon then began to lead his WCW wrestlers against his father and the WWF wrestlers, eventually turning heel by joining forces with Paul Heyman and his brand of Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) wrestlers, along with their new owner, McMahon's sister Stephanie McMahon-Helmsley. Calling themselves The Alliance, they pledged to finally run the WWF (and specifically their father) out of business. Ultimately, The Invasion came to a head at Survivor Series in a match to determine which power would ultimately have control. The team, each respectively representing The Alliance and the WWF, of McMahon, Stone Cold Steve Austin, Kurt Angle, Rob Van Dam, and Booker T lost to the team of The Rock, Chris Jericho, The Undertaker, Kane, and Big Show. The following night on Raw, Vince publicly fired both Shane and Stephanie, which Shane took in stride, admitting that he lost to the better man, while Stephanie pleaded with her father before being forcefully removed from the arena. Aside from a brief appearance on the July 15, 2002 episode of Raw, McMahon would not be seen on television for almost two years.\n\nFeud with Kane and hiatus (2003–2005) \nMcMahon made his first on-screen appearance in two years on an episode of SmackDown! before WrestleMania XIX, watching his father's training in the gym to prepare his match against Hulk Hogan. At WrestleMania XIX, he went to check on his father's welfare following a Street Fight with Hulk Hogan, with Hogan welcoming Shane in the ring and then walking out. He returned as a face in the summer of 2003 by getting involved in a feud with Eric Bischoff, who had made improper remarks and gestures to Shane's mother Linda. He defeated Bischoff in a Falls Count Anywhere match at SummerSlam. McMahon also got involved in a bitter rivalry with Kane after Kane gave Linda a Tombstone Piledriver because she did not name him the number one contender to the World Heavyweight Championship. Their feud culminated in McMahon losing a Last Man Standing match at Unforgiven and an Ambulance match at Survivor Series.\n\nAfter Survivor Series, McMahon left Raw to focus his attention on the executive creative staff and his new family. At WrestleMania XX, McMahon appeared briefly on camera during the opening of the event with Vince and his newborn son, Declan. On a special 3-hour episode of Raw in October 2005, billed as WWE Homecoming, all four members of the McMahon family were given a Stone Cold Stunner by Stone Cold Steve Austin. The following week, Vince demanded an apology from ringside commentators for not coming to his family's aid, which developed into a new feud. McMahon also appeared at Survivor Series, though he did not appear on television. He can be seen on the DVD extra backstage talking to Theodore Long, when The Boogeyman tried to scare off McMahon, who made no deal about it.\n\nFeud with D-Generation X and Bobby Lashley (2006–2007) \nMcMahon returned in 2006 as a heel by again siding with his father to help in the feud with Shawn Michaels. At the 2006 Royal Rumble, Shane (despite not competing in the match) eliminated Michaels from the Royal Rumble match by throwing him over the top rope. After weeks of attacks from behind by Shane, one of which saw him force an unconscious Michaels to kiss Vince's rear end, Shane and Michaels faced each other in a Street Fight on the March 18, 2006 Saturday Night's Main Event XXXII. In a fashion similar to the real-life Montreal Screwjob, Shane put Michaels in the Sharpshooter as Vince called for the bell and gave Shane the victory. The McMahons' feud with Michaels took a religious turn after WrestleMania 22, where Michaels defeated Vince McMahon. Vince claimed that Michaels's victory was a result of \"divine intervention\" and booked himself and his son in a match at Backlash against Michaels and his tag team partner \"God\". Around this time, Vince began to act strangely and at one point considered himself a god. Shane, who at this time was referred to by Vince as \"the product of his semen\", teamed with Vince to defeat Michaels and \"God\" at Backlash, due to help from the Spirit Squad.\n\nThis feud later enveloped Triple H, who the McMahons had enlisted to take out Michaels. Triple H was getting frustrated with this, as it was distracting from his quest to regain the WWE Championship. Triple H wound up bashing Shane with his signature weapon, the sledgehammer, in what was considered to be an accident that put Shane out of the ring for a while. Vince (and later Shane, who had recovered) sought to humble Triple H and get some retribution. Triple H then began a feud with the McMahons shortly after, leading to his siding with Shawn Michaels and the reformation of D-Generation X. At SummerSlam, the McMahons were defeated by D-X. About a month later at Unforgiven, The McMahons and then ECW World Champion Big Show faced D-X in a Hell in a Cell match. Shane was injured after Michaels' elbow dropped a chair which was around Shane's neck. D-X emerged victorious at Unforgiven, and Shane disappeared from television.\n\nOn the March 5 episode of Raw, McMahon came back to inform his father, Vince, about the \"guest referee\" for the \"Battle of the Billionaires.\" He told him that their opponents on the Board of Directors had won the vote, 5–4. The McMahons had intended for Shane to be the referee. Instead, the guest referee turned out to be the McMahons' old rival, the Texas rattlesnake Stone Cold Steve Austin. During the \"Battle of the Billionaires\" match at WrestleMania 23, Shane's attempt to interfere on his father's behalf was stopped by Austin. During the match, Shane was able to hit the Coast to Coast dive with a trash can into Bobby Lashley's face. On April 9, Shane officially joined the Vince/Umaga/Lashley feud when he faced Lashley for the ECW World Championship in a Title vs. Hair match which ended in Shane getting disqualified on purpose by punching the referee. After the match, Umaga, Vince, and Shane all attacked Lashley. At Backlash in a handicap match for the ECW World Championship, Shane along with Vince and Umaga defeated Lashley for the title. Vince gained the pin making him the ECW World Champion. At Judgment Day, Lashley faced Shane, Vince, and Umaga again, in a rematch for the ECW World Championship. This time, Lashley won the match, but since he pinned Shane rather than Vince, Vince remained the champion. At One Night Stand, Shane and Umaga tried to help Vince retain the ECW World Championship against Lashley, but failed when Lashley speared Vince and pinned him for the win.\n\nOn the taped episode of Raw that aired on September 3, Shane, along with his mother Linda and his sister Stephanie, made appearances to confront Vince about his illegitimate child. Shane then returned at Survivor Series to accompany Hornswoggle, alongside his father, in his match against The Great Khali. After that, he was only seen on WWE's pay per view, No Way Out in 2008 talking to Big Show after the latter had his nose legitimately broken going by the plan to push Mayweather's speed by Floyd Mayweather Jr. before again not being seen until June 2008.\n\nFeud with The Legacy and departure (2008–2010) \nAfter the severe injury that Vince McMahon sustained on the June 23 episode of Raw when a sign fell on top of him during his hosting of the \"Million Dollar Mania\" sweepstakes, Shane requested for the Raw roster to stand together during what was a turbulent time. Shane's plea, however, was ignored and subsequently, Shane and his sister Stephanie urged the roster to show solidarity. On the July 28 episode of Raw, Shane made an appearance to announce Mike Adamle as his and Stephanie's choice to be the new Raw general manager. After Adamle stepped down as general manager, he and Stephanie became the interim on-screen authority figures for the Raw program. On the November 24 episode of Raw, Shane and Stephanie argued over who was in charge, leading to Stephanie telling him that Raw is her show. After being slapped by Stephanie, Shane finished the segment by telling her that from that day onwards, he was going to watch Stephanie run Raw \"right into the ground\".\n\nAt the start of 2009, Randy Orton began a feud with the McMahon family. On the January 19 episode of Raw, Orton punted Mr. McMahon in the head, after he had tried to fire Orton from the company for previous comments made about Stephanie. The following week, Shane returned to television and attacked Orton for his actions, turning face for the first time since 2006. On the February 2 episode of Raw, it was revealed that Orton challenged Shane to a No Holds Barred match at No Way Out, to which he accepted, but was defeated by Orton in the match. The following night on Raw, Shane challenged Orton to a match for that episode's main event. The match ended with Orton punting Shane in the head, as well as performing an RKO on Stephanie McMahon.\n\nShane returned on the March 30 episode of Raw, alongside Triple H and his father Vince McMahon, to confront and attack The Legacy (Randy Orton, Ted DiBiase, and Cody Rhodes). On the April 6 episode of Raw, it was announced that Shane would compete in a six-man tag team match against The Legacy at Backlash alongside Triple H and Batista, the latter of whom had returned from injury, where the stipulation was that if any member of Orton's team pinned any member of Triple H's team, Orton would win Triple H's WWE Championship; however, if any member of Orton's team was counted out or disqualified, Triple H would retain the title. On the May 4 episode of Raw, Shane's character suffered a broken leg and ankle at the hands of Orton and Legacy as a way to write him out of the story. On January 1, 2010, Shane announced his resignation from WWE.\n\nReturn to WWE (2016-2022)\n\nCommissioner of SmackDown (2016–2017) \nOn the February 22, 2016 episode of Raw, Shane returned to WWE as a face for the first time in nearly seven years, interrupting his sister, Stephanie McMahon, receiving the \"Vincent J. McMahon Legacy of Excellence\" Award from their father, Vince McMahon. Shane announced that the reason he had returned was that he wanted control of Raw, leading to Vince placing Shane in a Hell in a Cell match at WrestleMania 32 against The Undertaker, adding the stipulation that Shane would get control of Raw and Undertaker would no longer be a participant in future WrestleMania events if Shane were to win the match. At WrestleMania, Shane attempted a Leap of Faith off the top of the cell, but Undertaker moved out of the way, and Shane fell through an announce table. Shane was defeated by Undertaker soon after.\n\nDespite losing at WrestleMania, Shane controlled Raw for a month, firstly by his father, Vince, on the Raw after WrestleMania, then for the following three weeks after \"popular demand on social media\". This led to Stephanie confronting Shane, telling him that their father will decide who will control Raw at Payback, where Vince announced that both Shane and Stephanie would be Co-general managers and have joint control of WWE.\n\nIn July, after the announcement of the return of the brand extension with SmackDown moving to Tuesday, Vince appointed Shane as the storyline commissioner of the SmackDown brand and Stephanie as the commissioner of Raw before tasking them to name a general manager for their respective shows. Shane appointed Daniel Bryan as the general manager of SmackDown. At SummerSlam on August 21, Brock Lesnar won his match against Randy Orton by technical knockout and continued to assault Orton as he was being tended to. Shane then confronted Lesnar, which resulted in Shane being attacked by Lesnar with an F-5. On the November 8 episode of SmackDown, Shane agreed to replace an injured Baron Corbin in the traditional Survivor Series tag team elimination match between the two brands. At Survivor Series, Team SmackDown defeated Team Raw. McMahon suffered a legitimate concussion following a spear from Roman Reigns, resulting in his elimination. In December, McMahon would take over host duties for Talking Smack with Daniel Bryan taking time off for family reasons.\n\nOn the February 21, 2017 episode of SmackDown, after AJ Styles and Luke Harper simultaneously eliminated each other in a number one contender's battle royal as the final two entrants, McMahon made singles match between the two for the February 28 episode of SmackDown with the winner going on to face Bray Wyatt for the WWE Championship at WrestleMania 33. Styles would originally go on to win the match before McMahon would restart the contest due to Harper having his foot on the rope during the pinfall. After McMahon accidentally distracted Harper, Styles would capitalize and pin Harper once again. That same week, after Randy Orton turned on Wyatt and cashed in his Royal Rumble winning opportunity, McMahon would go on to book a number one contender's match and the now even more infuriated Styles lost to Orton on the March 7 episode of SmackDown. After losing the match, Styles would confront McMahon in the Gorilla position with things getting physical between the pair. The following week, Styles attacked McMahon inside the parking lot, which caused McMahon to be busted open and suffer a storyline concussion. Due to this, Styles was (kayfabe) \"fired\" from SmackDown. However, as McMahon was about to leave, he went back to the arena and announced that he will face Styles at WrestleMania 33. On April 2, at WrestleMania 33, McMahon lost to AJ Styles in a singles match. On April 4, the first episode of SmackDown after WrestleMania, McMahon, and Styles shook hands.\n\nFeud with Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn (2017–2018) \nOn the August 1 episode of SmackDown, McMahon had a serious argument with Kevin Owens due to losing to AJ Styles for the United States Championship. Owens demanded a competent referee, so Daniel Bryan chose McMahon to become the special guest referee. The following week on SmackDown, McMahon was accidentally attacked by Styles during a brawl between Styles and Owens. Following the incident, on the August 15 episode of SmackDown, McMahon warned Styles that if he puts his hands on him, he will put his hands on Styles. The warning later came to Owens after he accidentally attacked McMahon. At SummerSlam, McMahon was about to count the pin and declare Owens the winner, however after seeing Styles' foot on the bottom rope, McMahon continued the match. A frustrated Owens pushed McMahon, causing McMahon to push Owens back. This caused a distraction for Styles to win back the United States Championship. On the August 22 episode of SmackDown, McMahon allowed a rematch between Styles and Owens. During the match, McMahon made himself referee after seeing the poor officiating from guest referee Baron Corbin, which caused a confrontation from Owens. This allowed Styles to take advantage and pin Owens to retain the championship. On the September 5 episode of SmackDown, after a brief confrontation with Owens, McMahon proceeded to beat down Owens after warning him not to talk about his family. Soon after, Daniel Bryan then came out to announce that Shane had been \"suspended indefinitely\" by Vince McMahon, who would be returning to SmackDown next week. On the September 12 episode of SmackDown, CEO and Chairman of WWE, Vince announced that Shane would be facing Owens at Hell in a Cell, in a Hell in a Cell match. At Hell in a Cell, Owens won after being saved by Sami Zayn from McMahon's Leap of Faith from the top of the cell to the announcer's table, then was dragged by Zayn to pin McMahon.\n\nOn the October 23 episode of Raw, McMahon fired the first shot in the build of the SmackDown-Raw feud for Survivor Series when he appeared with most of the SmackDown roster to attack the Raw roster, after initially being friendly with Kurt Angle earlier on in the same night. They proceeded to beat up wrestlers part of the Raw roster and bring Angle back to the ring. Then, McMahon told Angle to bring his gold medal and the remains of the roster to Survivor Series and that at Survivor Series, they would finish what they started. However, several weeks later, on the November 14 edition of SmackDown, during the main event between The New Day vs Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn, The Shield announced their presence and came down to the ring to face The New Day in payback for The New Day's distraction on the November 6 episode of Raw costing Seth Rollins and Dean Ambrose the WWE Raw Tag Team Championship. Worse was to come, as when The Usos tried to help, they were attacked by Cesaro and Sheamus, the Raw women's locker room attacked the SmackDown women's locker room, and when the rest of the SmackDown male roster came down with McMahon to the ring to help, they were attacked in turn by the rest of the Raw male roster, including Angle and Braun Strowman. Shane was given two triple powerbombs by The Shield, and an Angle Slam by Angle, as retribution for the trouble the SmackDown roster pulled on Raw the last couple of weeks, and to prove that come to the pay-per-view, Team Raw would be victorious over Team SmackDown. At Survivor Series, Shane was the last man to be eliminated by Triple H, meaning Team SmackDown lost.\n\nOn March 11, 2018, at Fastlane, Shane McMahon pulled the referee out of the ring when Kevin Owens covered Dolph Ziggler and pulled Sami Zayn out of the ring when he covered Kevin Owens. On the March 13 episode of SmackDown, Shane McMahon announced his indefinite leave of absence as SmackDown's commissioner. Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn then proceeded to attack Shane McMahon in the ring and behind the entrance. Shane (kayfabe) suffered a laryngeal contusion, trapezius, and rhomboid strains. He was then taken to a local medical facility. On March 26, 2018, WWE.com reported that Shane legitimately had acute diverticulitis while resting with his family in the Caribbean on March 14, and was hospitalized in Antigua for a few days before he was moved to a hospital in New York where doctors also found that Shane has an umbilical hernia that required surgery once the infection was eradicated. McMahon posted the below message to his Instagram account: \"Thank you, everyone, for the get well wishes. It truly helps. I'm healing up, and I have the best medicine in the world with me.\"\nIt was later announced that Shane would team up with Daniel Bryan against Owens and Zayn at WrestleMania 34. McMahon returned on the April 3 episode of SmackDown, to address his WrestleMania match, saying that Owens and Zayn would never be seen in a SmackDown arena again. At WrestleMania, Bryan and McMahon defeated Zayn and Owens.\n\nHe then competed at the Greatest Royal Rumble, where he entered the namesake match at #47 before being eliminated after getting choke slammed off the top rope through a table by Braun Strowman. Then, he took time off to heal from the injuries he suffered two months prior, returning on the 1000th edition of SmackDown on October 16 alongside Stephanie McMahon and Vince McMahon on the Truth TV segment hosted by R-Truth and Carmella. Following TLC: Tables, Ladders, & Chairs in December, The McMahon Family (Vince, Stephanie, Shane, and Triple H) appeared on Raw and announced that they would be running both Raw and SmackDown as a group with no general managers.\n\nBest in the World (2018–2019) \nAt the Crown Jewel event in November, he replaced The Miz after the latter suffered a (kayfabe) injury in the finals of the WWE World Cup, and won by defeating Dolph Ziggler in under three minutes, winning the tournament. The Miz then began a pursuit to form a tag team with Shane, who finally agreed, and the duo faced SmackDown Tag Team Champions The Bar (Cesaro and Sheamus) at the Royal Rumble pay-per-view, winning the titles. At Elimination Chamber the following month, however, they lost the titles to The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso), and failed to regain them at Fastlane, after which, McMahon attacking The Miz and taunting Miz's father, turning heel for the first time since 2009. McMahon then began proclaiming himself as the \"Best in the World\" and scheduled a match between himself and Miz at WrestleMania 35, which Miz requested to be a Falls Count Anywhere match, and Shane agreed. At WrestleMania, McMahon narrowly defeated Miz after being superplexed off a 15-foot platform and landing on top of Miz for the 3 counts although both men were unconscious. On the April 29 edition of Raw, McMahon helped Bobby Lashley defeat Miz, who was drafted to Raw, and then McMahon attacked Miz. Later that night, Miz challenged McMahon to a Steel Cage Match at Money in the Bank, which Shane accepted.\n\nWhile simultaneously feuding with Miz on Raw, over on SmackDown, Elias and Roman Reigns were drafted to the brand. Shane's father Vince introduced Elias as SmackDown's biggest acquisition on the April 16 episode of SmackDown. The two were confronted by Reigns, who attacked Elias and attacked Vince with the Superman Punch. The following week, Shane called out Reigns for a fight for attacking his father, but Reigns was attacked from behind by Elias, who was assisted by Shane, allying Elias and Shane. Shane then forced Reigns to face The B-Team (Bo Dallas and Curtis Axel) in a handicap match with Elias as the special referee enforcer that Reigns won. The following week on SmackDown, Shane teamed with Elias, Daniel Bryan, and Rowan in a seven-man handicap match and defeated the team of Reigns and The Usos. At Money In The Bank, Shane once again defeated The Miz this time by escaping the cage ending their feud. The following night on RAW, Shane confronted Roman Reigns with Reigns challenging Shane to a match at Super ShowDown which Shane accepted. At Super ShowDown, Shane defeated Roman Reigns after interference from Drew McIntyre. Shane and McIntyre lost to Reigns and The Undertaker in a No Holds Barred tag team match at Extreme Rules.\n\nFollowing this, McMahon re-ignited his feud with Kevin Owens, after Owens stated his distaste in McMahon's constant dominance on television and began to hit him with the Stunner on countless occasions. McMahon lost to Owens at SummerSlam where had Owens lost he would have quit WWE. McMahon later replaced an injured Elias in a semi-final match against Chad Gable for the 2019 King of the Ring tournament, and Owens was made the referee, and despite McMahon's promise to consider dropping a fine for Owens damaging expensive equipment, Owens allowed Gable to win, and Owens was hereby fired. However, Owens continued to appear on television to issue legal threats, until October 4's WWE SmackDown's 20th Anniversary episode, where McMahon was fired after losing a ladder match against Owens.\n\nSporadic appearances (2020–2022) \nAfter a ten-month hiatus from television, McMahon returned, as a face, on the August 3, 2020, episode of Raw as the host of Raw Underground, a segment presented as an unsanctioned fight club. It was canceled after the September 21 episode. McMahon then transitioned into the role of backstage producer. On November 22, 2020, he made an appearance at Survivor Series during The Undertaker's retirement ceremony.\n\nIn February, incensed at being left out of Raw's Elimination Chamber match, Braun Strowman started to take issue with McMahon. After a failed attempt to rectify things with Strowman, McMahon then began to insult Strowman's intelligence, thus turning heel in the process. Strowman then challenged McMahon to a match on the March 15 episode of Raw, in which McMahon won. Strowman then challenged McMahon to a Steel Cage match at WrestleMania 37 and McMahon accepted. At the event, McMahon was defeated.\n\nMcMahon returned at the 2022 Royal Rumble event in the namesake match at number 28, lasting until the final three, but was eliminated by the eventual winner Brock Lesnar. McMahon received intense criticism by fans, critics, and employees for his role in and the booking of the rumble match. On February 2, McMahon had been quietly \"let go\" by the company. The way he put the recent Men's Royal Rumble match together, which had \"a lot of changes\", led to his departure from the company. Prior to his departure, McMahon had been reportedly scheduled to appear at WWE’s Elimination Chamber event in Saudi Arabia, according to Sports Illustrated.\n\nProfessional wrestling style and persona\nMcMahon uses a move named \"Coast to Coast\", where he jumps from the top rope and cross the ring, delivering a kick to an opponent with a trash can. He started using the move after Paul Heyman showed him a video of Rob Van Dam performing the move.\n\nBusiness career \nShane McMahon began working in WWE at age 15, starting in their warehouse, where he filled merchandise orders. McMahon was also a referee, producer, announcer, and eventually a wrestler on-screen, while also becoming WWE's Executive Vice President of Global Media behind the scenes. In 1992, McMahon was already backstage official and working behind the scenes for the company. In 1997, McMahon helped launch WWE's official website. By the turn of the millennium, McMahon was very much a part of the decision process in WWE, and that included creative.\n\nOn October 21, 2006, McMahon attended Pride 32 at the Thomas & Mack Center in Paradise, Nevada resulting in speculation that WWE were considering promoting MMA events. On November 17, 2006, WWE and Dream Stage Entertainment officials, the parent company of Pride Fighting Championships, held a meeting at WWE global headquarters in Stamford, Connecticut. The meeting focused on the possibility of the two groups doing some form of business together in the future. Yet on March 27, 2007, Nobuyuki Sakakibara, president of DSE, announced that Station Casinos, Inc. magnate Lorenzo Fertitta, also one of the co-owners of Zuffa, the parent company of the Ultimate Fighting Championship, had made a deal to acquire all the assets of Pride FC from DSE after Pride 34 in a deal worth about US$70 million, thereby ceasing any prospective business between Pride and WWE.\n\nLater in November 2006, McMahon and WWE Canada President Carl De Marco traveled to South America to finalize a major TV deal in Brazil, which allowed their television station to air Raw and SmackDown.\n\nIn September 2008, McMahon finalized another major TV deal, this time in Mexico, which allowed WWE programming to air on Mexico's two biggest television networks, Raw on Televisa and SmackDown on TV Azteca.\n\nOn October 16, 2009, WWE published a statement from Shane McMahon announcing his resignation from his position as WWE's Executive Vice President of Global Media, and also issued an official press release stating that the resignation was tendered effective January 1, 2010. No specific reason was given for the resignation. McMahon stated in the WWE press release, \"Having been associated with this organization for the majority of my life, I feel this is the opportune time in my career to pursue outside ventures.\" thus ending his 20-year stint with the company on January 1, 2010. McMahon's resignation left only two original members of the McMahon family activities within the company; his father Vince, and his sister, Stephanie.\n\nAs of late 2019, McMahon began working as a producer for WWE once again.\n\nIn May 2020, it was revealed that the reasons for Shane McMahon's resignation from his role as Executive Vice President of WWE in 2009, was because \"he realized that his father Vince, saw his sister Stephanie and her husband Triple H as the heirs to the throne\" and \"was tired of his father Vince, overlooking his ideas\" for what he envisioned for the company. In 2022, however, It was reported that despite having a part time WWE contract and no major production role with his family's company, McMahon had in fact had a history with booking Royal Rumble matches, with Sean Ross Sapp of Fightful even stating following the controversy surrounding the 2022 Royal Rumble that \"Though he wasn’t listed as a producer internally for the Royal Rumble, he helped put the match together, which he’s done before in the past.\"\n\nOutside of his WWE business ventures, McMahon founded a financial technology company called China Broadband Inc, on October 19, 2004 On August 3, 2010, McMahon became the CEO of China Broadband Inc., a provider of cable broadband services, as well as other digital and analog related services, in Shandong province of China. The company is based in Boulder County, Colorado. Also in 2010, McMahon became the CEO of You On Demand, the first video-on-demand and pay-per-view service in China. In July 2013, McMahon stepped down as CEO of You On Demand. McMahon remains Executive Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of the company, which has undergone several name changes since that time, including Wecast Holdings Inc., Seven Stars Cloud Group, Inc., and ultimately, Ideanomics. The company is headquartered in New York City. \n\nAs of April 2011, McMahon sits on the Board of Directors for International Sports Management representing talent such as Ernie Els and (previously) Rory McIlroy.\n\nMcMahon is also a part owner of the Indian Larry Motorcycle Shop in Brooklyn, NY.\n\nPersonal life \nMcMahon is married to Marissa Mazzola. They have three sons. His sons appeared at WrestleMania 32, accompanying him to the ring in his match against The Undertaker; they have also been seen in the crowd for some of his more recent matches.\n\nMcMahon usually wears baseball jerseys for his matches, with the front saying \"Shane O Mac\" and the back reserved for \"McMahon\", the name of the pay-per-view in which he's participating, or some other phrase relating to the match and/or his opponent. When his father, Vince, was interviewed in Playboy, he mentioned that although Shane is right-handed, he often throws left-handed punches. McMahon's football jersey number was 61, the same as his father. On July 19, 2017, McMahon was involved in a helicopter crash, but was relatively unharmed.\n\nMcMahon is an avid fan of mixed martial arts. He trains in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu under Renzo Gracie, as well as Muay Thai under Phil Nurse.\n\nOther media \nIn September 2006, he was named one of Detail magazine's \"50 Most Powerful Men Under 42\" in the annual \"power issue\".\n\nFilmography\n\nVideo games\n\nChampionships and accomplishments \n The Baltimore Sun\n WWE Non-Match Moment of the Year (2016) \n Pro Wrestling Illustrated\n Feud of the Year (2001) \n Rookie of the Year (1999)\n Ranked No. 245 of the 500 top singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1999\n Wrestling Observer Newsletter\nMost Disgusting Promotional Tactic (2003) McMahon family all over WWE products\n Worst Feud of the Year (2003) \n Worst Feud of the Year (2006) \n WWE/World Wrestling Entertainment/Federation\nWWF European Championship (1 time)\n WWF Hardcore Championship (1 time)\n WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with The Miz\nWWE World Cup to Determine The Best Wrestler in the World (2018)\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n \n \n \n\n1970 births\nLiving people\n21st-century American businesspeople\nAmerican male professional wrestlers\nAmerican people of Irish descent\nBusinesspeople from Greenwich, Connecticut\nBusinesspeople from Maryland\nBusinesspeople from New York City\nGreenwich High School alumni\nMcMahon family\nPeople from Gaithersburg, Maryland\nPeople from Fire Island, New York\nProfessional wrestlers billed from Connecticut\nProfessional wrestlers from Connecticut\nProfessional wrestlers from Maryland\nProfessional wrestlers from New York (state)\nProfessional wrestling announcers\nProfessional wrestling managers and valets\nProfessional wrestling referees\nSportspeople from Greenwich, Connecticut\nWWE Champions\nWWE executives\nWWF European Champions\nWWF/WWE Hardcore Champions", "Vincent James McMahon (July 6, 1914 – May 24, 1984), sometimes referred to as Vince McMahon Sr., was an American professional wrestling promoter. He is best known for running the Capitol Wrestling Corporation, which was later renamed WWWF (World Wide Wrestling Federation) and WWF (World Wrestling Federation) during his tenure and is currently called WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment), from 1953 to 1982, as well as for being the father of his successor, Vincent K. McMahon.\n\nEarly life\nVincent James McMahon was born on July 6, 1914, in Harlem, New York to Rose (Davis) and Roderick James \"Jess\" McMahon, a successful boxing, wrestling and concert promoter, who had worked with legendary Madison Square Garden promoter Tex Rickard. His parents were both of Irish descent. He had an older brother, Roderick James Jr., and a younger sister, Dorothy. As a child, McMahon would often accompany his father to Madison Square Garden where he would play, and later, begin learning the family business.\n\nProfessional wrestling\nMcMahon saw the tremendous potential for growth that the pro wrestling industry had in the era following World War II, especially with the development of television and its need for new programming. Similar to boxing, wrestling took place primarily within a small ring and could be covered adequately by one or two cameras, and venues for it could readily be assembled in television studios, lessening production costs.\n\nMcMahon's group, the Capitol Wrestling Corporation, which was later renamed World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) and the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), came to dominate professional wrestling in the 1950s and 1960s in the nation's most populous area, the Northeast. His control was primarily in Baltimore, New York, and New Jersey. Despite its name, the WWWF was, like all professional wrestling promotions of that era, mostly a regional operation. It was however the one that came to dominate the most lucrative region. In 1956, McMahon began airing his matches on television on Wednesday nights on the DuMont Network. The telecast originated from an old barn in Washington, D.C. It was one of the struggling network's last live sports telecasts before it went out of business the following year; however, WABD, DuMont's flagship station in New York (Now Fox-owned WNYW), kept the show after becoming an independent station, airing wrestling on Saturday nights until 1971.\n\nIn her biography, wrestler The Fabulous Moolah claimed that McMahon was one of the first promoters to split gate proceeds with his wrestlers. Unlike his son, McMahon believed that the job of a promoter should be kept backstage or behind the scenes and should never interfere with the action in the ring. As a result, McMahon almost never came down to the squared circle. He can however clearly be seen standing ringside during the infamous Madison Square Garden \"Alley Fight\" between Sgt. Slaughter and Pat Patterson. Though McMahon appeared in the movie The Wrestler in a cast that was dominated by contemporary wrestlers, he believed that wrestlers should remain wrestlers and not branch off into other forms of media. Accordingly, he disapproved of Hulk Hogan's appearance in Rocky III in 1982, leading to Hogan's temporary departure from the WWF for Verne Gagne's American Wrestling Association. When his son purchased the WWF, he felt differently than his father on the issue. He rehired Hogan as his top star and avidly supported wrestlers branching out into other fields, as well as cross-promotions with various musicians, actors, and other personalities outside of wrestling.\n\nIn 1982, McMahon sold the parent company of the World Wrestling Federation to his son Vince McMahon and his company Titan Sports, Inc. His son, much to his father's initial concern, set out to make the WWF national and eventually worldwide in scope. \"Had my father known what I was going to do\", the younger McMahon told Sports Illustrated in 1991, \"he never would have sold his stock to me.\" The younger McMahon's competitive tactics were successful, and the WWF quickly became the most prominent exponent of \"sports entertainment\". His son Vince is still running his father's promotion, which since 2002 has been called World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). McMahon's grandchildren Shane and Stephanie also work for the WWF/E. McMahon was posthumously inducted into the WWF Hall of Fame Class of 1996, by his grandson, Shane.\n\nPersonal life and death\nMcMahon had two sons with his first wife, Victoria \"Vicky\" H. Askew (nee Hanner) (July 11, 1920 – January 20, 2022); Roderick James \"Rod\" McMahon III (October 12, 1943 – January 20, 2021), and Vince McMahon (born August 24, 1945). McMahon married his second wife, Juanita Wynne Johnston (December 20, 1916 – January 19, 1998), and the couple lived in Fort Lauderdale. McMahon would not live to see his company grow from a territorial promotion to what is now a worldwide organization. On May 24, 1984, McMahon died at age 69 from pancreatic cancer. Vince Sr. and his wife Juanita are buried at Our Lady Queen of Heaven Catholic Cemetery in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.\n\nAwards and accomplishments\nProfessional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum\nClass of 2004\nWorld Wrestling Federation\nWWF Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)\nWrestling Observer Newsletter awards\nWrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)\nOther accomplishments\nMadison Square Garden Hall of Fame (Class of 1984)\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n \n \n (via Google Books)\n\nExternal links\n\n \n\"Vince McMahon: The Tradition Lives On\"\n \n\n1914 births\n1984 deaths\n20th-century American businesspeople\nAmerican sports businesspeople\nAmerican people of Irish descent\nProfessional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum\nWWE Hall of Fame inductees\nDeaths from pancreatic cancer\nDeaths from cancer in Florida\nProfessional wrestling promoters\nMcMahon family" ]

[ "Vince McMahon", "World Wide Wrestling Federation (1969-1979)", "What happened in 1969 with the World Wide Wrestling Federation?", "In 1969, McMahon made his debut as an in-ring announcer for the WWWF's All-Star Wrestling.", "Was he successful as an announcer?", "Throughout the 1970s, McMahon became the prominent force in his father's company", "What else did he do in the company besides being an announcer?", "over the next decade, assisted his father in tripling TV syndication.", "Did they make a lot of money through syndication?", "I don't know.", "How were they able to improve their company?", "He pushed for the renaming of the company to the World Wrestling Federation (WWF).", "What other interesting things happened in the 1970s?", "Throughout the 1970s, McMahon became the prominent force in his father's company and, over the next decade, assisted his father in tripling TV syndication.", "Who were some popular wrestlers at the time?", "The younger McMahon was also behind the Muhammad Ali versus Antonio Inoki match of 1976.", "What other changes did McMahon bring to the company?", "when McMahon was aged 37 - acquired control of the Capitol Wrestling Co. from his ailing father (who died in May 1984)." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Miles Dempsey", "Northwestern Europe, 1944-1945" ]

[ "Patrick Galen Dempsey (born January 13, 1966) is an American actor and race car driver, best known for his role as neurosurgeon Derek \"McDreamy\" Shepherd in Grey's Anatomy. He had early success as an actor, starring in a number of films in the 1980s, including Can't Buy Me Love (1987) and Loverboy (1989). In the 1990s, he mostly appeared in smaller roles in film, such as Outbreak (1995) and television. Dempsey was also in Scream 3 (2000) where he played the role of Detective Mark Kincaid. He was successful in landing a lead role in Sweet Home Alabama (2002), a surprise box office hit. He has since starred in other films, including Brother Bear 2 (2006), Enchanted (2007), Made of Honor (2008), Valentine's Day (2010), Flypaper (2011), Freedom Writers (2007), Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011), and Bridget Jones's Baby (2016).\n\nDempsey, who maintains a sports car and vintage car collection, also enjoys auto racing in his spare time. He has competed in pro-am events such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Rolex 24 at Daytona sports car race, and Ensenada SCORE Baja 1000 off-road race. Prior to the 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans, Dempsey declared that he would \"walk away\" from acting if he could and dedicate himself full-time to motorsports.\n\nEarly life\nDempsey was born in Lewiston, Maine, and grew up in the nearby towns of Turner and Buckfield. He has two older sisters and a half-brother, Shane Wray. His mother, Amanda (née Casson), was a school secretary, and his father, William, was an insurance salesman.\n\nHe attended Buckfield High School and St. Dominic Regional High School, and after moving to Houston attended Willowridge High School.\n\nIn his youth, Dempsey participated in juggling competitions. In 1981, he achieved second place at the International Jugglers' Association Championship in the Juniors category, just behind Anthony Gatto, who is considered to be the best technical juggler of all time.\n\nDempsey was diagnosed with dyslexia at age 12. He told Barbara Walters on her 2008 Oscar special that he thinks dyslexia made him what he is today. \"It's given me a perspective of — you have to keep working,\" Dempsey told Walters. \"I have never given up.\"\n\nActing career\n\nEarly career\nAn invitation to audition for a role in the stage production of Torch Song Trilogy led to Patrick Dempsey's discovery as an actor. His audition was successful and he spent the following four months touring with the company in Philadelphia. He followed this with another tour, Brighton Beach Memoirs, in the lead role, which was directed by Gene Saks. Dempsey has also made notable appearances in the stage productions of On Golden Pond, with the Maine Acting Company, and as Timmy (the Martin Sheen role) in a 1990 off-Broadway revival of The Subject Was Roses co-starring with John Mahoney and Dana Ivey at the Roundabout Theatre in New York.\n\nDempsey's first major feature film role was at age 21 with Beverly D'Angelo in the film In The Mood, the actual World War II story about Ellsworth Wisecarver whose relationships with older married women created a national uproar. He then co-starred in the third installment of the comedy classic Meatballs III: Summer Job, alongside Sally Kellerman in 1987. This was followed by the teen comedy Can't Buy Me Love in 1987 with actress Amanda Peterson and Some Girls with Jennifer Connelly in 1988. In 1989, Dempsey had the lead role in the films Loverboy with actress Kirstie Alley and Happy Together with actress Helen Slater.\n\n1990s and 2000s\nDempsey made several featured appearances in television in the 1990s; he was cast several times in pilots that were not picked up for a full season, including lead roles in the TV versions of the films The Player and About A Boy. He received good reviews, however, as he portrayed real-life Mob boss, Meyer Lansky in 1991 when Mobsters was put on the screen. His first major television role was a three-episode stint as Will Truman's closeted sportscaster boyfriend on Will & Grace. He appeared in four episodes of Once & Again as Aaron Brooks, the schizophrenic brother of Lily (Sela Ward). Dempsey received an Emmy nomination in 2001 as Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series for the role of Aaron. In 1993, he played a young John F. Kennedy in the two-part TV mini-series JFK: Reckless Youth. In 2000, he played Detective Kincaid in Scream 3.\n\nDempsey had a high-profile role as the fiancé of Reese Witherspoon's character in Sweet Home Alabama (2002). In 2004, he co-starred in the highly acclaimed HBO production Iron Jawed Angels, opposite Hilary Swank and Anjelica Huston. He also appeared as special guest star in The Practice for its three-episode finale season (8x13-8x15).\n\nIn 2007, Dempsey starred in the Disney film Enchanted, and the Paramount Pictures film Freedom Writers, where he reunited with his Iron Jawed Angels co-star Hilary Swank. He also voiced the character Kenai in Brother Bear sequel Brother Bear 2, replacing Joaquin Phoenix. Dempsey's most recent roles include the 2008 film Made of Honor as Tom, and the 2010 romantic comedy Valentine's Day; the latter film follows five interconnecting stories about Los Angelinos anticipating (or in some cases dreading) the holiday of love.\n\nUniversal Pictures acquired the rights to the prize-winning novel The Art of Racing in the Rain in July 2009, for Dempsey to star in. The film instead starred Milo Ventimiglia. He starred as Dylan Gould in Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011).\n\nGrey's Anatomy\n\nDempsey has received significant public attention for his role as Dr. Derek Christopher Shepherd (McDreamy) in the drama Grey's Anatomy next to Ellen Pompeo. Before landing the role, Dempsey auditioned for the role of Dr. Chase on another medical show, House. He also appeared in two episodes of the later Grey's spinoff Private Practice, playing the same character of Dr. Shepherd. The relationship his character had with Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) on screen has received a lot of praise and positive reactions.\n\nIn January 2014, he signed a two-year contract to remain on Grey's Anatomy, then in its tenth season, that would ensure his participation for potential 11th and 12th seasons.\n\nDempsey was nominated for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series–Drama at the 2006 Golden Globes for the role. His success on the show has led to his becoming a spokesman for Mazda and State Farm Insurance. BuddyTV ranked him #1 on its list of \"TV's Sexiest Men of 2011.\"\n\nIn November 2020, Dempsey appeared as Derek Shepherd at the start of the series' 17th season for the first time since the character had died in April 2015.\n\nFurther work\nFollowing his departure from Grey's Anatomy, Dempsey was working on two small-screen projects: a drama The Limit for SundanceTV and a travelogue spy thriller called Fodors. He said: \n\nIn 2016, Dempsey starred in the Universal Pictures film Bridget Jones's Baby with Renée Zellweger and Colin Firth, and in 2018 he appeared on Epix television miniseries The Truth About the Harry Quebert Affair.\n\nOn February 4, 2020, Dempsey signed on to star as the lead of a CBS political drama pilot Ways & Means, where he would portray a Congressional leader. Initially planned to be considered for the 2020-21 televisions season, the pilot was rolled into consideration for the following season due to the COVID-19 pandemic. CBS ultimately passed on the finished pilot in May 2021. In January 2021, it was announced that Dempsey would reprise his role in the Enchanted sequel, Disenchanted, slated to begin production in spring of that year. The film is scheduled to be released on Disney+ late 2022.\n\nAuto racing\n\nIn 2014, Dempsey told Reuters in the Hockenheimring support paddock at the German Grand Prix that motor racing was not just a hobby, and had become as much a part of who he is as acting. He said, \"It's all-consuming in many ways. I couldn't imagine not racing right now. It really keeps me motivated. It's all I think about on a daily basis.\"\n\nDempsey, who maintains an extensive sports and vintage car collection, has enjoyed auto racing in his spare time for several years. Before the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 2013, he said that he would like to compete full-time, telling Eurosport:\nI would like to make that [motorsports] a complete priority and just focus on this full-time. If I could just walk away from acting, I think I could do that very easily, and just focus on the driving, I would love that more than anything else.\n\nHe has competed in prestigious pro-am events such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Rolex 24 at Daytona sports car race, and Tecate SCORE Baja 1000 off-road race. He was a co-owner of the Vision Racing IndyCar Series team and current owner of Dempsey Racing, which is presently racing two Porsche 911 GT America's in the Tudor United Sports Car Series. He participated in this series as often as his schedule allowed, although insurance restrictions kept him from driving competitively while also filming a motion picture. In 2009, he raced a Team Seattle Advanced Engineering Ferrari F430 GT in the 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans's GT2 class and finished ninth in class.\n\nDempsey announced he would race the 2011 Rolex 24 at Daytona along with other races throughout the season in a Mazda RX-8.\n\nDempsey finished in third place in the GT Class of the Rolex 24 at Daytona. In 2012, Dempsey competed in the Grand-Am Continental Tire Sports Car Challenge behind the wheel of an Aston Martin Racing-Multimatic Motorsports Aston Martin Vantage GT4, which, after five successful racing seasons in Europe, was to make its debut on American tracks. He formed the Dempsey Racing team to compete in the American Le Mans Series. The team fielded a full-time Oreca FLM09 in the Prototype Challenge class as well as a Lola B12/80 coupe in the Prototype 2 class from Laguna Seca onward. \n\nAfter debuting at the 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans, Dempsey returned to France four years later and competed in a Porsche 997 GT3 RSR at the 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race. Dempsey and his co-drivers finished 29th overall and fourth in-class. \n\nTelling Porsche Newsroom: \"Not much changes in my TV work, but everything changes constantly in motor racing – every lap, every bend and every moment.\"\n\nIn 2015, Dempsey focused on participating in the FIA World Endurance Championship with his own Dempsey Racing-Proton team in the GTE-Am class in a Porsche 997 GT3 RSR, teamed with Patrick Long and Marco Seefried.\n\nRacing records\n\nCareer summary\n\n Not eligible for points.\n\n24 Hours of Le Mans results\n\nComplete Rolex Sports Car Series results\n(key) (Results are overall/class)\n\n Did not complete sufficient laps in order to score points.\n\nComplete Continental Tire Sports Car Challenge results\n(key) (Results are overall/class)\n\n‡ As Dempsey was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.\n\nComplete Maserati Trofeo World Series results\n(key)\n\n‡ As Dempsey was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.\n\nComplete American Le Mans Series results\n(key) (Results are overall/class)\n\n Did not complete sufficient laps in order to score points.\n\nComplete United SportsCar Championship results\n(key) (Results are overall/class)\n\n Did not complete sufficient laps in order to score points.\n* Season still in progress.\n\nComplete Porsche Supercup results\n(key)\n\n‡ As Dempsey was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.\n\nComplete FIA World Endurance Championship results\n\nOther ventures\n\nPromotional work\nHe has been the face of L'Oreal and Versace and was featured in ads for Serengeti sunglasses. In November 2008, he launched an Avon fragrance named Unscripted. In June 2009, Women's Wear Daily reported the launch of a second Avon fragrance named Patrick Dempsey 2. The fragrance was recognized as the \"Men's Private Label/Direct Sell\" for the 2010 FiFi Awards. On September 29, 2012, Mexican cable company Cablemás, Megacable and Mexico city's Cablevisión launched an advertising campaign featuring Dempsey as the love interest of a domestic worker who comes across his profile on an online dating site.\n\nStarting in 2013, Patrick Dempsey became the face of Silhouette, promoting eyewear fashion from Austria. From January 2017 Dempsey appears for Vodafone Italy and he appears in some Italian spots about it. In 2018, Bleusalt, a Malibu-based fashion brand launched a clothing line designed by the actor.\n\nBusiness interests\n\nIn January 2013, Dempsey announced that his company (Global Baristas) had secured the winning bid to purchase Seattle-based Tully's Coffee, which had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in October. Dempsey's bid of $9.15M was enough to secure Tully's over the bids of six others including Starbucks. Dempsey's company will control 47 Tully's locations in the Seattle area, but not the online business which had been purchased by Green Mountain Coffee Roasters in 2009.\n\nFollowing a legal dispute with investor group Global Baristas, Dempsey left the group, in effect officially leaving his managerial positions with Tully's. Dempsey filed a lawsuit on behalf of Global Baristas, claiming Michael Avenatti borrowed $2 million against Tully's assets without informing Dempsey, rather than fully financing the coffee chain as was promised, calling the 15 percent interest rate on the loan \"exorbitant\" and sued for Avenatti to fund Tully's operations and meet its working capital needs, as well as for any damages owed the company. Soon after, Dempsey's lawyer's office issued a statement saying the partnership was dissolved and that Dempsey wished the lawyer and the company \"all the best\". Avenatti has stated the dispute was a \"misunderstanding\" and will continue operating with other investors and new management.\n\nPhilanthropy\nIn 1997, Dempsey's mother, Amanda, was diagnosed with cancer which subsequently relapsed five times. On March 24, 2014, she died in Lewiston, Maine, aged 79. In response to his mother's bouts with cancer, Dempsey helped start the Patrick Dempsey Center at Central Maine Medical Center in Lewiston. In October 2009, when Dempsey introduced the first Dempsey Challenge, registration was closed after reaching the goal of 3,500 cyclists, runners and walkers. The event raised more than $1 million for the cancer center. His mother was in the crowd as Dempsey finished his 50-mile ride. The Challenge has since become an annual October event presented by Amgen in the Lewiston–Auburn area. On May 28, 2017, Dempsey received an honorary doctorate from Bates College in his hometown, Lewiston, Maine for his philanthropy in the town and funding of \"the Dempsey Center — just blocks from the Bates campus.\"\n\nDempsey was awarded an honorary doctorate by Bowdoin College in 2013 for his philanthropic work. His Grey's Anatomy character Derek Shepherd had been written as a Bowdoin graduate after an alumnus led a petition signed by over 450 students to \"adopt\" the character as an alumnus.\n\nPersonal life\nDempsey was diagnosed with dyslexia at age 12. As a result, it is necessary for him to memorize all his lines to perform, even for auditions where he is unlikely to get the part.\n\nEntertainment Weekly put Dempsey's hair on its end-of-the-decade \"best-of\" list, saying, \"What made Grey's Anatomy a mega-medi-hit? It could have something to do with creator Shonda Rhimes' scalpel-sharp writing… or McDreamy's impossibly luxurious man hair. Just saying.\" In 2005, People magazine ranked him second in its annual list of \"Sexiest Men Alive\" and again in 2006.\n\nDempsey has been married twice. On August 24, 1987, he married his manager, actress and acting coach, Rochelle \"Rocky\" Parker, when he was 21 and she 48. She appeared with Dempsey in the film In the Mood. While it has been reported that Dempsey married his best friend's mother, he has said that he became best friends with Parker's son only after he became romantically involved with Parker. The couple divorced on April 26, 1994. She died in 2014.\n\nOn July 31, 1999, Dempsey married Jillian Fink. The couple have three children. In January 2015, Fink filed for divorce, but the couple reconciled later in the year. They called off their divorce on November 12, 2016.\n\nDempsey is a supporter of Scottish football club Rangers F.C. because of his Scottish ancestry through his step-grandfather.\n\nFilmography\n\nFilm\n\nTelevision\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n \n Patrick Dempsey at Internet Off-Broadway Database\n Patrick Dempsey at Emmys.com\n Patrick Dempsey at Le Mans\n \n\n1966 births\nLiving people\nSportspeople from Lewiston, Maine\n20th-century American male actors\n21st-century American male actors\n24 Hours of Daytona drivers\n24 Hours of Le Mans drivers\nMale actors from Maine\nAmerican male film actors\nAmerican male stage actors\nAmerican male television actors\nAmerican male voice actors\nAmerican car collectors\nRolex Sports Car Series drivers\nIndyCar Series team owners\nJugglers\nRacing drivers from Maine\nAmerican Le Mans Series drivers\nAmerican film producers\nFIA World Endurance Championship drivers\nWeatherTech SportsCar Championship drivers\nPorsche Supercup drivers\nPeople with dyslexia\nPeople from Turner, Maine\nPeople from Buckfield, Maine\nFilm directors from Maine", "Kevin Dempsey is a British, Coventry-born guitarist, songwriter, producer and arranger, whose playing has been described as \"innovative\".\n\nCareer\nDempsey started off playing drums before moving quickly to guitar.\n\nA co-founder of progressive folk act Dando Shaft, when the band broke up in 1972, Dempsey spent time in India before heading to the US, where he joined Blue Aquarius, a jazz/ funk outfit signed to Stax Records. He also played Latin music with Los Bohemios, and did session work with Alice Coltrane.\n\nUpon returning to the UK, Dempsey went on to perform with a variety of acts including, notably, Swarb's Lazarus and Whippersnapper (band) with Dave Swarbrick, and Uiscedwr (2005-2007).\n\nHe also worked with Denim (band), accordion player Karen Tweed, Cincinnati-based Rosie Carson and Peter Knight (folk musician).\n\nOther artists Kevin has played with include Percy Sledge, The Marvellettes, Mary Black (accompanying her on a 2004 US tour) and from 2018, Jacqui McShee. \n\nIn 2020, McShee and Dempsey released From There To Here via their own McDem Records which gave \"them both a chance to explore and record more traditional folk songs and share writing ventures.\"\n\nWell travelled, Dempsey has performed across the UK, Europe, Ireland, US and in 2013, made his first appearance in Australia, appearing at Folkworld Fairbridge Festival.\n\nKevin has released one solo album, 1987's The Cry Of Love.\n\nDempsey Broughton\nIn 1999, Dempsey teamed with fiddle player Joe Broughton (The Urban Folk Quartet, The Albion Band) as Dempsey Broughton. The duo have released several albums, beginning with Every Other World (1999), and tour intermittently. Their most recent release is Off By Heart (2017).\n\nDempsey said, the duo play \"instrumentals, traditional songs and original songs\", while their teaming has been described as a \"dynamic partnership.\"\n\nIn 2019, the duo marked their 20th anniversary with a series of UK dates.\n\nStyle\nAlthough Dempsey is best known for his work within the British folk tradition, \"he grew up on a diet of American music; folk, blues, soul, Sonny Terry and Brownie McGee, Otis Redding, Mississippi John Hurt\" and has played with musicians from US, El Salvador and Guatemala. His wide experience \"shows in his versatility and ability to turn his hand, and guitar, to many different styles and genres.\"\n\nDempsey has been praised for his \"sensitive finger picking\" while Martin Carthy has referred to him as “a beautiful guitarist.”\n\nSelected discography\n An Evening With Dando Shaft - Dando Shaft (1970)\n Dando Shaft - Dando Shaft (1971)\n Lantaloon - Dando Shaft (1972)\n Promises - Whippersnapper (1985)\n Tsubo - Whippersnapper (1987)\n The Cry Of Love - Kevin Dempsey (1987/1988)\n Fortune - Whippersnapper (1989)\n Always With You - Chris Leslie and Kevin Dempsey (1989)\n Every Other World - Dempsey Broughton (1999)\n Mazurka Berserker - John Kirkpatrick (2001)\n Freehand - Dempsey Broughton (2004)\n Circle - Uiscedwr (2006)\n The Salty Diamond - Rosie Carson and Kevin Dempsey (2010)\n Raison D’etre - Swarbrick (2010)\n Between the Distance - Rosie Carson and Kevin Dempsey (2011)\n Nightbirds - Rosie Carson and Kevin Dempsey (2016)\n Off By Heart - Dempsey Broughton (2017)\n From There To Here - Jacqui McShee Kevin Dempsey (2020)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Kevin Dempsey official website\n\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nBritish folk guitarists\nBritish male guitarists\nWhippersnapper (band) members\nSwarb's Lazarus members" ]

[ "Miles Dempsey", "Northwestern Europe, 1944-1945", "What did Dempsey do in Europe?", "command the British Second Army." ]

[ "Itai Veruv (; born April 14 1966) is a Major General (aluf) who is currently serving as the Commander of the Israel Defense Forces JCOM and Commandant of the Israel Military Colleges. He previously served as Chief of Staff of the Ground Forces, Commander of the Gaza Division, Chief of the Infantry and Paratroopers Corps, and Commander of the Kfir Brigade.\n\nBiography\nVeruv was born and raised on Kibbutz Ramat HaKovesh. He drafted into the IDF in 1985. He volunteered as a paratrooper in the Paratroopers Brigade, and in 1985 the IDF in 1985 and volunteered for a parachuting battalion in the Nahal Brigade. He underwent a combat training course, combat commanders’ course, and combat officer training school. Following the course, he returned to the parachuting unit battalion of the Nahal Brigade as a platoon commander. In August, 1989, he was promoted to company commander within the battalion. In 1991, he was promoted to company commander in a different role in the 101st Battalion. \n \nIn 1992, he was promoted to deputy commander of the Paratroopers Brigade training base. Following this, he was promoted to operations officer of the Paratroopers Brigade. Afterwards, he completed training in the Armored Corps, studies in the Command and Staff College, and a B.A. in finance from Bar-Ilan University. \n\nIn 1997, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and became commander of the 101st Battalion. He served in this role until 1999. He led the unit, amongst other operations, in the fighting against Hezbollah in Southern Lebanon. \n\nIn 1999, he was promoted to commander of the Paratroopers Brigade training base and served in this role until 2001. Afterwards, he we went to study for a master's degree in military strategy at the Royal College of Defence Studies (RCDS) in the United Kingdom.\n\nIn 2003, he was promoted to the rank of colonel and became commander of a Northern Border Regional Brigade. In 2005, he stepped into his role as commander of the Tactical Command Academy and simultaneously as the commander of the 55th Brigade, where he served until 2007. This period included the events of the Second Lebanon War. \n\nOn August 5, 2007, he became the commander of the Kfir Brigade and served in this role until August 20, 2009. Following studies in the Israel National Defense College, he again served as commander of the 55th Brigade and company commanders’ course. \n\nOn January 23, 2012, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general and commander of the company commanders' course, while simultaneously commanding a project in the Ground Forces. On September 13, 2012, he became chief of the Infantry and Paratroopers Corps. \n\nOn August 31, 2014, he became the commander of the Gaza Division. At the beginning of July, 2016, he became the Ground Forces Chief of Staff. \n\nOn March 10, 2019, he was promoted to the rank of major general, and on March 11, became commandant of the Israel Military Colleges. On August 18, 2020, in addition to his current role, he became commander of the IDF JCOM.\n\nReferences\n\n1966 births\nIsraeli generals\nLiving people\nIsraeli Jews\nIsraeli military personnel", "Rear Admiral George Hancock (1819 – 20 September 1876) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Station.\n\nNaval career\nHancock joined the Royal Navy in 1834. As a Commander he was regarded as an innovator in medical matters and insisted that the ship's surgeon had his own cabin. Promoted to Captain in 1855, he was given command of HMS Immortalité, HMS Trafalgar, HMS Duncan and HMS Duke of Wellington. He was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Station in 1876. He died in this role in September 1876.\n\nReferences\n\n1819 births\n1876 deaths" ]

[ "Miles Dempsey", "Northwestern Europe, 1944-1945", "What did Dempsey do in Europe?", "command the British Second Army.", "What was his role as commander?", ") involved in the landings, making successful assaults at Gold, Juno and Sword beaches on 6 June 1944." ]

[ "The 20. Fallschirmjäger-Division (20th Parachute Division) was a division of the German military during the Second World War, which did not see combat.\n\nThe division was formed in March 1945 in the Netherlands, out of troops from the disbanded Fallschirmjäger Ausbildungs-und-Ersatz-Division, commanded by Walter Barenthin. It contained the 58th, 59th and 60th Fallschirmjäger Regiments, and the 20th Fallschirmjäger Artillery Regiment.\n\nThe division did not manage to form fully before the end of the war, and did not see combat.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nFallschirmjäger divisions\nMilitary units and formations established in 1945\nMilitary units and formations disestablished in 1945", "4Troops is a pop vocal music ensemble consisting of four retired United States armed forces personnel: former Sgt. Daniel Jens, former Cpt. Meredith Melcher, former Staff Sgt. Ron Henry and former Sgt. David Clemo. All four saw active combat duty in Iraq.\n\n4Troops focus on patriotic songs, often with special relationship to their life and service in the military. Their nationalist appeal and country and western related music themes led to appearances on PBS \"Live from the Intrepid\", CNN's Larry King Live (May 12, 2010), ABC News with Bob Woodruff, Comedy Central's Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear, and Game 4 of the 2010 World Series.\n\nThe group's first CD, also titled 4Troops, stayed on the Billboard 200 charts for 6 weeks, peaking at 36th position.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nDaniel Jens website\n\nAmerican pop music groups" ]

[ "Miles Dempsey", "Northwestern Europe, 1944-1945", "What did Dempsey do in Europe?", "command the British Second Army.", "What was his role as commander?", ") involved in the landings, making successful assaults at Gold, Juno and Sword beaches on 6 June 1944.", "Did his troops see live combat?", "successful assaults were followed by a battle of attrition" ]

[ "Mutual combat, a term commonly used in United States courts, occurs when two individuals intentionally and consensually engage in a fair fight, while not hurting bystanders or damaging property. There have been numerous cases where this concept was successfully used in defense of the accused. In some cases, mutual combat may nevertheless result in killings.\n\nNotable examples\nIn 2012, MMA fighter Phoenix Jones hit the headlines for engaging in mutual combat. A video of the fight went viral. The Seattle Police Department later defended their officers for not intervening. The Seattle Municipal Code 12A.06.025 states that \"It is unlawful for any person to intentionally fight with another person in a public place and thereby create a substantial risk of: 1. Injury to a person who is not actively participating in the fight; or 2. Damage to the property of a person who is not actively participating in the fight.\" Thus since the fight did not injure a third party or damage property, it was allowed by this law.\n\nAlso in 2012, Gabriel Aubry and Olivier Martinez engaged in mutual combat and were not charged. In 2014, after Zac Efron had engaged in a fight in Skid Row, law enforcement officials did not make any arrests because they viewed it as mutual combat. Mutual combat has been used to deny damage claims, as a legal defense, and to drop charges against fighting students.\n\nOregon law \nOregon law specifically bans mutual combat, according to subsection three of ORS 161.215: \"a person is not justified in using physical force upon another person if: the physical force involved is the product of a combat by agreement not specifically authorized by law.\"\n\nSee also\n\n Duel\n\n Street fighting\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Supreme Court of Georgia about manslaughter involving mutual combat\nCombat\nLegal terminology\nStreet culture\nViolence", "Personation of a juror is a common law offence in England and Wales, where a person impersonates a juror in a civil or criminal trial. As a common law offence it is punishable by unlimited imprisonment and/or an unlimited fine. Personation of a juror also constitutes a contempt of court.\n\nThere is no requirement to prove that the defendant had any corrupt motive or a specific intention to deceive other than the fact that they entered the jury box and took the oath in someone else's name, and it is no defence that they did not know what they did to be wrong. If a juror has been personated, the trial in which he sat can be voided.\n\nSee also\nPerverting the course of justice\n\nReferences\n\nR v Clark (1918) 82 JP 295, (1918) 26 Cox CC 138\nR v Levy (1916) 32 TLR 238\nR v Wakefield [1918] 1 KB 216, 13 Cr App R 56, CCA\n\nCrimes\nEnglish criminal law" ]

[ "Miles Dempsey", "Northwestern Europe, 1944-1945", "What did Dempsey do in Europe?", "command the British Second Army.", "What was his role as commander?", ") involved in the landings, making successful assaults at Gold, Juno and Sword beaches on 6 June 1944.", "Did his troops see live combat?", "successful assaults were followed by a battle of attrition", "Where else did they see combat?", "the Caen sector," ]

[ "Noel Dempsey (born 6 January 1953) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister for Transport from 2007 to 2011, Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources from 2004 to 2007, Minister for Education and Science from 2002 to 2004, Minister for the Environment and Local Government from 1997 to 2002, Minister of State at the Department of Finance from 1993 to 1994, Minister of State at the Department of Defence and Government Chief Whip from 1992 to 1994. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1987 to 2011.\n\nEarly and private life\nDempsey was born in Trim, County Meath, in 1953. He is one of twelve sons born and educated locally at Scoil Naomh Brid in Boardsmill and St. Michael's CBS in Trim. Dempsey later attended University College Dublin where he was conferred with a Bachelor of Arts degree as well as a diploma in career guidance. He subsequently completed a Higher Diploma in Education at St Patrick's College, Maynooth and worked as a career guidance teacher for many years.\n\nDempsey is married to Bernadette Rattigan and they have four children – two sons and two daughters. He is also a member of the Gaelic Athletic Association and is a keen supporter of the Meath Gaelic football team as well as his local club teams. He has also been a member of Macra na Feirme and Muintir na Tíre.\n\nEarly political career\nDempsey first became involved in politics in the early 1970s when he joined Ógra Fianna Fáil, the youth wing of Fianna Fáil. He later attended and spoke at the first ever national conference of Ógra in 1973. Within three years of this Dempsey was co-opted onto Meath County Council as a Fianna Fáil County Councillor in 1977, following the death of John Bird. At the time he was the youngest ever member of that authority and he later served as the youngest ever chairman of the council in 1986. Dempsey enhanced his local political profile at this time by also serving as a member of Trim Urban District Council.\n\nDempsey was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1987 general election as a Fianna Fáil TD for Meath. Shortly after being elected, he became a member of the Public Accounts Committee, one of the most high-profile committees in the Oireachtas. Dempsey was initially a supporter of the Fianna Fáil leader Charles Haughey; however, he became disillusioned with his leadership when he led Fianna Fáil into coalition with the Progressive Democrats following the 1989 general election. He was one of a number of TDs who were vehemently opposed to such a move. As a result of this Dempsey remained on the backbenches.\n\nIn September 1991, Dempsey was a key member of the so-called \"gang of four\" which proposed a motion of no confidence in Charles Haughey as the leader of the party. The other members of the group were Seán Power, Liam Fitzgerald and M. J. Nolan. Dempsey supported Albert Reynolds in his unsuccessful bid to oust Haughey on that occasion. In 1992, Reynolds eventually became party leader and Taoiseach and Dempsey's loyalty was rewarded by being appointed Minister of State with responsibility as government Chief Whip. He also took charge of the Office of Public Works. He served in these positions until the resignation of Reynolds as Taoiseach and the collapse of the Fianna Fáil-Labour Party in 1994.\n\nIn December 1994, Bertie Ahern became leader of Fianna Fáil as the party moved into opposition. Dempsey was appointed to the front bench as Spokesperson on the Environment and Local Government. During this period in opposition he was heavily involved in key election strategies, most notably in the Dublin West by-election which was won by Brian Lenihan Jnr. It was Fianna Fáil's first by-election victory since 1985.\n\nCabinet career: 1997–2011\n\nMinister for the Environment and Local Government: 1997–2002\nFollowing the 1997 general election Dempsey was a key player in helping to negotiate a programme for government between Fianna Fáil and the Progressive Democrats. When Bertie Ahern became Taoiseach Dempsey was appointed to the position of Minister for the Environment and Local Government. His tenure as Minister has been described as one of reform and modernisation, with Frank McDonald of The Irish Times even describing Dempsey as the best holder of the environment portfolio since the position was created.\n\nSome of Dempsey's major achievements as Minister include the introduction of the Local Government Act 2000 which was seen as the most comprehensive reform of local government in Ireland for over a century. One of his best-known initiatives was the introduction of a levy on plastic shopping bags leading to a reduction in the usage of these bags and a serious decrease in the litter problem related to these plastic bags. Dempsey also proposed to end the 'dual mandate' whereby a person can serve as a county councillor and hold another elected office at the same time. This proposal, however, led to severe opposition from the Independent TDs who supported the government at the time and had to be deferred. The legislation eventually became law in 2003.\n\nDuring his tenure as Minister, Dempsey continued to serve as the Fianna Fáil director of elections. His first major success was the election of Mary McAleese to the position of President of Ireland in 1997. Two years later in 1999 he presided over the most successful local election campaign for the party ever.\n\nMinister for Education and Science: 2002–2004\nFollowing the re-election of the government in 2002, Dempsey became Minister for Education and Science. He took over as Minister at a time when one of the teachers unions was extremely dissatisfied with a number of pay issues. These issues were eventually resolved in 2002 shortly after taking office. As Minister for Education, Dempsey was forced into an embarrassing climb down in 2004 on his proposal to re-introduce third-level fees. The move was opposed by the Union of Students in Ireland and by the Progressive Democrats.\n\nMinister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources: 2004–2007\nFollowing a cabinet reshuffle in September 2004, Dempsey was appointed Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources. During his tenure he oversaw the controversial Corrib gas project. After agreeing to have an independent assessment of the raw gas pipeline planned for Kilcommon, Erris, Dempsey employed a firm to carry it out. Only after the report was concluded did it emerge that the firm was half owned by Royal Dutch Shell, a fact which they neglected to relate to the Minister. An embarrassed Dempsey was forced to hastily commission another report.\n\nComing to the end of his tenure at the Department of Communications, Marine and Natural Resources and before the reshuffle after the general election in May 2007, his department pursued the resurrection of Digital Terrestrial Television following its failure to be established under the Broadcasting Act 2001 due to unfavourable economic conditions for venture capital around the DTT market in many countries in 2001. First his department invited tenders to build and programme a DTT trial in Dublin and County Louth. The failure seemed to lie around a commercial network builder model and the difficulties in creating revenue generation return for such investment and the solution seems to be the involvement of broadcasters in building the networks. An amended piece of legislation amended this model towards a multiple operator model and resulted in the Broadcasting (Amendment) Act 2007. A similar model has been successful during the intervening years in the UK and Spain.\n\nTo that end his department also established a DTT trial in August 2006 to run for 2 years around Three Rock, Dublin transmitter and Clermont Carn, in County Louth.\n\nMinister for Transport: 2007–2011\nFollowing the 2007 general election Dempsey was appointed as Minister for Transport. Among legislation introduced was the requirement of those on provisional driving licences to be accompanied by a qualified driver, which came into effect on 1 July 2008. Dempsey received widespread criticism across the Irish media over his January 2010 holiday in Malta and perceived lack of contactability when severe weather conditions led to massive disruption in across Ireland's transport systems.\n\nRetirement from politics\nOn 17 December 2010, he announced that he would not be contesting the 2011 general election. On 19 January 2011, he announced his resignation as Minister for Transport.\n\nDempsey receives annual pension payments of €119,177.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1953 births\nLiving people\nAlumni of University College Dublin\nAlumni of St Patrick's College, Maynooth\nFianna Fáil TDs\nLocal councillors in County Meath\nMembers of the 25th Dáil\nMembers of the 26th Dáil\nMembers of the 27th Dáil\nMembers of the 28th Dáil\nMembers of the 29th Dáil\nMembers of the 30th Dáil\nMinisters for Education (Ireland)\nMinisters for the Environment (Ireland)\nMinisters for Transport (Ireland)\nMinisters of State of the 26th Dáil\nMinisters of State of the 27th Dáil\nPoliticians from County Meath\nGovernment Chief Whip (Ireland)", "USS L. A. Dempsey (SP-1231) was a United States Navy armed tug that was in commission as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919.\n\nL. A. Dempsey was built as the commercial tug Mascot in 1890 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She later was renamed L. A. Dempsey. On 13 September 1917, the U.S. Navy acquired her from her owner, Dempsey & Son of Norfolk, Virginia, for use as a section patrol boat during World War I. She was commissioned as USS L. A. Dempsey (SP-1231).\n\nAssigned to the 5th Naval District and based at Norfolk, L. A. Dempsey served as a section patrol boat for the rest of World War I and into 1919.\n\nThe Navy decommissioned L. A. Dempsey on 11 July 1919 and returned her to Dempsey & Son the same day.\n\nReferences\n\nSP-1231 L. A. Dempsey at Department of the Navy Naval History and Heritage Command Online Library of Selected Images: U.S. Navy Ships -- Listed by Hull Number \"SP\" #s and \"ID\" #s -- World War I Era Patrol Vessels and other Acquired Ships and Craft numbered from SP-1200 through SP-1299\nNavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive L. A. Dempsey (SP 1231)\n\nTugs of the United States Navy\nPatrol vessels of the United States Navy\nWorld War I patrol vessels of the United States\nShips built in Philadelphia\n1890 ships" ]

[ "Miles Dempsey", "Northwestern Europe, 1944-1945", "What did Dempsey do in Europe?", "command the British Second Army.", "What was his role as commander?", ") involved in the landings, making successful assaults at Gold, Juno and Sword beaches on 6 June 1944.", "Did his troops see live combat?", "successful assaults were followed by a battle of attrition", "Where else did they see combat?", "the Caen sector,", "How was Dempsey considered as a leader?", "\"I am proud to meet the commander of the greatest division in the world today.\"" ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Miles Dempsey", "Northwestern Europe, 1944-1945", "What did Dempsey do in Europe?", "command the British Second Army.", "What was his role as commander?", ") involved in the landings, making successful assaults at Gold, Juno and Sword beaches on 6 June 1944.", "Did his troops see live combat?", "successful assaults were followed by a battle of attrition", "Where else did they see combat?", "the Caen sector,", "How was Dempsey considered as a leader?", "\"I am proud to meet the commander of the greatest division in the world today.\"", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "The Illustrated London News carried a full front page of a specially commissioned portrait painting of Dempsey" ]

[ "Photo Journal was a weekly newspaper in Québec.\n\nPhoto Journal had a focus on illustrations and covered the entertainment world in particular.\n\nHistory \n\nThis newspaper was founded by Rolland Maillet. It was first published in 1937. It was sold to Jean-Louis Lévesque in 1964, to Jacques Brillant in 1966, to J.-Laurent Leduc in 1969, to Claude Coupal in 1973 and to Normand G. Robidoux in 1974.\n\nIn 1979, the newspaper filed for bankruptcy.\n\nGilles Brown attempted to save it at the same time as Le Petit Journal. He was unsuccessful and the newspaper ceased publication in October 1981.\n\nReferences\n\nWeekly newspapers published in Quebec\nNewspapers established in 1937\nPublications disestablished in 1981\nFrench-language newspapers published in Quebec\nDefunct newspapers published in Quebec", "Photo District News (or PDN) was an American monthly trade publication for professional photographers. PDN was first published in 1980. The publication took its name from New York City's photo district, an area of photo businesses that was once located in Flatiron District. Its closure was announced on 28 January 2020.\n\nTime has described PDN's annual list of \"30 New and Emerging Photographers\" as \"the go-to outlet to discover up-and-coming photographers, determined on the basis of creativity, versatility and distinctive vision\", and as \"a career turning point\" for those included on the list.\n\nHistory\nOriginally named New York Photo District News, PDN was founded by Carl S. Pugh, who was working as a photographer's assistant and sought more freelance work. He inquired as to the best way to advertise his services and was told to post a note on the community bulletin boards found at local businesses frequented by professional photographers. This sparked the idea to create a newsletter for the loose-knit community of professional photographers who populated the inexpensive loft spaces along lower Fifth Avenue (the \"Photo District\"). PDN was owned by Emerald Expositions and headquartered in New York.\n\nThe first issue (May 1980) cost $800 to print and carried $2,000 in advertising, yielding a tidy profit. It was distributed free in stores in the Photo District. PDN was an instant success. In time professional photographers, coming to Manhattan on assignment from elsewhere in the country picked up a copy and requested a subscription (initially $6 per year), which, in turn, was seen by other photographers back home. In this manner, PDN quickly grew into a national publication.\n\nIn 1983, PDN launched Photo Expo, a trade show for the same market, which remains the leading US show for pro shooters (since renamed PHOTOPLUS). Pugh sold PDN and the show to Adweek in 1984.\n\nIt was announced on 28 January 2020 that the print publication would cease and the website would no longer be updated. The future of PDN Annual and PDN's 30 have yet to be determined.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nDefunct magazines published in the United States\nMagazines disestablished in 2020\nMagazines established in 1980\nMagazines published in New York City\nMonthly magazines published in the United States\nPhotography magazines\nPhotography in the United States\nProfessional and trade magazines\nVisual arts magazines published in the United States" ]

[ "Miles Dempsey", "Northwestern Europe, 1944-1945", "What did Dempsey do in Europe?", "command the British Second Army.", "What was his role as commander?", ") involved in the landings, making successful assaults at Gold, Juno and Sword beaches on 6 June 1944.", "Did his troops see live combat?", "successful assaults were followed by a battle of attrition", "Where else did they see combat?", "the Caen sector,", "How was Dempsey considered as a leader?", "\"I am proud to meet the commander of the greatest division in the world today.\"", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "The Illustrated London News carried a full front page of a specially commissioned portrait painting of Dempsey", "When was this photo published?", "On 7 April 1945," ]

[ "\"What They'll Say About Us\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Finneas. It was released by OYOY as a single on September 2, 2020. The song was written and produced by Finneas. A lullaby-influenced ballad, the lyrics were inspired by the Black Lives Matter protests and Nick Cordero's death due to COVID-19. \"What They'll Say About Us\" was noted by music critics for its lyrical content. A music video for the song was released alongside the song and was directed by Sam Bennett in one take. It is the first single from his debut studio album Optimist.\n\nBackground and development\nFinneas wrote and produced \"What They'll Say About Us\". It was inspired by the spark of Black Lives Matter protests after racial inequality in the United States and the death of Canadian actor Nick Cordero, who died at the age of 41 from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Finneas wrote the track in June 2020 while in quarantine. In an interview over Zoom with The Wall Street Journal, he said: \"I wrote this song in June after spending the day at a protest in Downtown LA, filled with hope with the prospect that millions of people were coming together from all over the world to fight against institutionalized racism and inequality\". He further stated: \"The other component of the song was [that] I was very closely following Nick Cordero's story on Instagram, via his wife [Amanda Kloots], and Nick and his wife were not people I'd ever met. I don't know them at all. I saw the headlines about his health, just like everybody else did. I just became incredibly attached to this family that I’d never met before. I kind of wrote this song as if you were singing to your loved one who was in a hospital bed while the world was protesting outside. I did make a point to keep the song fairly ambiguous because I know everybody's sort of going through different circumstances of the same things right now\".\n\nComposition and lyrics\n\"What They'll Say About Us\" begins \"calmly and reassuringly\": \"You're tired now, lie down/I'll be waiting to give you the good news/It might take patience/And when you wake up, it won't be over/So don't you give up\". However, as the beat and other instruments begin to arrive, the soundstage changes to be hazy. John Pareles, writing for The New York Times, says it \"mortality begins to haunt the song, all the way to a devastating last line\", noting the lyrics, \"It might take patience/And if you don't wake up/I'll know you tried to/I wish you could see him/He looks just like you\".\n\nReception\nIn a review for DIY magazine, the staff labeled \"What They'll Say About Us\" as \"poignant\" and an \"ode to human strength\". Writing for Billboard magazine, Jason Lipshutz said while the production on the track is \"effectively restrained\", people should credit Finneas for going \"full-on showstopper when he draws out the line, 'We've got the time to take the world / And make it better than it ever was\". Emily Tan of Spin magazine described the track as a song that \"aims to offer comfort to those who have lost someone due to Covid-19\".\n\nMusic video\nA music video for \"What They'll Say About Us\" was released to Finneas' YouTube channel on September 2, 2020. The video was directed by Sam Bennett and shot in one take. In the visual, lights and rain swirl around Finneas as he sings and offers comfort to people who have lost someone they love from COVID-19. Spins Emily Yan described the visual as \"simple\" and \"intimate\".\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2020s ballads\n2020 singles\n2020 songs\nSong recordings produced by Finneas O'Connell\nSongs written by Finneas O'Connell\nSongs in memory of deceased persons\nFinneas O'Connell songs", "Charles G. Ramsey (ca. 1821-1887) was a newspaper publisher who came to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1836 and in 1840 established the city's first daily newspaper, the New Era, with Nathaniel Paschall and published it for about ten years.\n\nThe Daily Era began publishing news about guest registrations in hotels, and on October 28, 1847, the paper noted the arrival of \"A. Lincoln and family as staying at Scott's Hotel in St. Louis.\"\n\nIn July 1852, Ramsey founded the St. Louis News, which was to be issued in two editions — a Weekly News which \"will be furnished to subscribers singly, or in clubs of any number, at the one invariable price of one dollar a year in advance.\" The thrice-a-week News was to be \"of equal size with the weekly\" at three dollars a year. In a \"Prospectus,\" he wrote:\nWe commend the triweekly paper to the patronage of towns and counties lying on the upper rivers. A weekly paper is too slow for persons living on or near the highways of travel. The News is published at as low prices as have ever before been offered in the west, and the rates will not justify any indulgence in the credit system.\n\nHe wrote that the paper would be \"thoroughly and firmly Whig in its politics.\"\n\nAt one point, the Evening News ridiculed a North Missouri Railroad engineer named Morris, who challenged Ramsey to a duel. The latter refused and he and his challenger reconciled.\n\nRamsey was connected in the Evening News endeavor with Abram S. Mitchell, and at one point the former took over the editorial management of both the News and a newspaper called The Intelligencer. Samuel Clemens, later known as writer Mark Twain, was one of the employees while Ramsey was with the News. Printer William G. Waite recalled in 1902 that Clemens\n\nwas a good printer, but mighty independent. He was always called 'that boy' by Charles G. Ramsey, proprietor and editor of the News. He'd get down late once in a while, and Ramsey would say: \"Here's that –– boy late again.\" Clemens didn't say anything to this for a long time, but one morning he turned to Ramsey and replied: \"Take your dashed situation, and go to (a warm country)!\" He left the office[,] and we heard nothing of him for several years.\n\nThe office of the St. Louis Daily Evening News and Intelligencer was on the west side of Third Street, north of Olive, then a new center of downtown activity.\n\nRamsey, who was a strong supporter of the Union, at one point criticized General John C. Frémont's command of Union troops stationed in St. Louis. Frémont ordered him arrested on a charge of \"giving aid and comfort to the enemy\", and he was placed in the Gratiot Street Prison. He was brought before the general who \"with military coldness and sternness,\" demanded of the prisoner:\n\n\"What's your name, sir?\"\"What did you say?\" asked the publisher, putting his hand back of his ear. [He was \"somewhat deaf.\"]\"What is your name, sir?\" with great severity of manner repeated Gen. Frémont.\n\"My name is Charles G. Ramsey,\" replied the prisoner, perfectly undisturbed by the military fierceness of the fully uniformed general. \"What's your name, sir?\"The stern features of the Military Court relaxed a little, and a few moments later he was seen to be about ready to burst out in laughter which he was suppressing.\n\nRamsey left the News afterward.\n\nHe later published the Intelligencer, which was edited by Joseph B. Crockett, who became a justice of the California Supreme Court in 1868.\n\nIn 1874, Ramsey ran for St. Louis County recorder, and in 1877 he was called before the city's Board of Health to answer the charge of maintaining a pond of stagnant water on the west side of Columbus Street between Harper and Ann streets. The board decided that the cost of remedying the situation would be paid by the city. His name was presented as a candidate for inspector of weights and measures in March 1885, but he lost the bid at a Republican nominating convention. \n\nRamsey died on December 31, 1887; his funeral was on January 3, 1888. His sister, Kate Ramsey, died on February 29 of the same year.\n\nReferences\n\n19th-century American newspaper publishers (people)\n19th-century American newspaper founders" ]

[ "Charlie Ward", "Collegiate career" ]

[ "Charles Ward may refer to:\n\nCharles Ward (cricketer, born 1875) (1875–1954), English cricketer\n Charles Ward (cricketer, born 1838) (1838–1892), English cricketer and clergyman\n\nCharles Ward (Deputy Governor of Bombay), Deputy Governor of Bombay, 1682–1683\n\nCharles Ward (VC) (1877–1921), English recipient of the Victoria Cross\nCharles B. Ward (1879–1946), American politician, U.S. Representative from New York\n Charles Caleb Ward (1831–1896), Canadian painter\n Charles Dudley Robert Ward, known as Dudley Ward, (1827–1913), New Zealand judge and Member of Parliament\nCharles Willis Ward (1856–1920), American businessman and conservationist\n Charles William Ward, known as Chuck Ward (1894–1969), American professional baseball player\nCharlie Ward (born 1970), American professional basketball player, Heisman trophy winner\nCharlie Ward (golfer) (1911–2001), English professional golfer\nCharlie Ward (footballer) (born 1995), British footballer\nCharlie Ward (fighter), Irish MMA fighter\n\nSee also\n Charles Dexter Ward, title character of The Case of Charles Dexter Ward, a novel by H. P. Lovecraft", "South Kattali () is a No.11 Ward of Chittagong City Corporation. And a part of Pahartali Thana.\n\nSize \nSouth Kattlai ward has an area of .\n\nPopulation data \nThe total population of South Kattali ward is 93,562 as per 2011 Census. Of these 47,660 are males and 45,902 are females. Total families are 20,613.\n\nLocation and boundaries \nChittagong City Corporation Location of South Kattali Ward in the North-West. It is bounded on the South by 26 No. North Halishahar Ward, on the east by 12 No. Saraipara Ward, on the north by 10 No. North Kattali Ward and on the West by Bay of Bengal.\n\nGeography\n\nElection highlights\n\nReferences\n\nChittagong District\nChittagong\nVillages in Chittagong District" ]

[ "Charlie Ward", "Collegiate career", "What are some highlights of Charlie Ward's collegiate career?", "Ward won the 1993 Heisman Trophy, Maxwell Award, and Davey O'Brien Award as a quarterback for Florida State University," ]

[ "The Maxwell Award is presented annually to the college football player judged by a panel of sportscasters, sportswriters, and National Collegiate Athletic Association head coaches and the membership of the Maxwell Football Club to be the best all-around in the United States. The award is named after Robert \"Tiny\" Maxwell, a Swarthmore College football player, coach, and sportswriter. Johnny Lattner (1952, 1953) and Tim Tebow (2007, 2008) are the only players to have won the award twice. It is the college equivalent of the Bert Bell Award of the National Football League, also given out by the Maxwell Club.\n\nWinners\n\nReferences\nGeneral\n \n \n\nFootnotes\n\nCollege football national player awards\nAwards established in 1937", "The IEEE/RSE James Clerk Maxwell Medal is an award given by the IEEE and Royal Society of Edinburgh, UK. It is named after James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), who made fundamental contributions to the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation. The award is presented annually, and was established in 2006.\n\nThe award is given annually to outstanding individuals in recognition of: \"groundbreaking contributions that have had an exceptional impact on the development of electronics and electrical engineering, or related fields\".\n\nBackground \nThe medal was jointly established in 2006 by the IEEE and Royal Society of Edinburgh UK, with initial funding by Wolfson Microelectronics Ltd. Following the acquisition of Wolfson Electronics by Cirrus Logic Inc., in 2014, the medal is now supported by Cirrus Logic. Recipients receive an honorarium, a gold medal, a bronze replica and a certificate. The award is given to one or two individuals. Award recommendations are established by a committee for the award, and typically are approved by the IEEE Board of Directors in November of each year.\n\nRecipients\nThe following people have received the IEEE/RSE James Clerk Maxwell Medal:\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\nMaxwell\nEngineering awards" ]

[ "Charlie Ward", "Collegiate career", "What are some highlights of Charlie Ward's collegiate career?", "Ward won the 1993 Heisman Trophy, Maxwell Award, and Davey O'Brien Award as a quarterback for Florida State University,", "What is the Maxwell Award?", "I don't know." ]

[ "The 1967 NCAA College Division football rankings are from the United Press International poll of College Division head coaches and from the Associated Press. The 1967 NCAA College Division football season was the tenth year UPI published a Coaches Poll in what was termed the \"Small College\" division. It was the eighth year for the AP version of the poll.\n\nThe AP poll did not include Win/Loss records in the weekly rankings. In the UPI poll, the Win/Loss records were published for the Top 10 in most weeks. However, the Win/Loss records are provided in the AP poll section if the UPI also ranked the team.\n\nLegend\n\nThe AP poll\n\nThe UPI Coaches poll\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nRankings\nNCAA College Division football rankings", "The 1965 NCAA College Division football rankings are from the United Press International poll of College Division head coaches and from the Associated Press. The 1965 NCAA College Division football season was the eighth year UPI published a Coaches Poll in what was termed the \"Small College\" division. It was the sixth year for the AP version of the poll.\n\nThe UPI poll did not include Win/Loss records in the weekly rankings. In the AP poll, the Win/Loss records were published for the Top 10. However, the Win/Loss records are provided in the UPI poll section if the AP also ranked the team.\n\nLegend\n\nThe AP poll\n\nThe UPI Coaches poll\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nRankings\nNCAA College Division football rankings" ]

[ "Charlie Ward", "Collegiate career", "What are some highlights of Charlie Ward's collegiate career?", "Ward won the 1993 Heisman Trophy, Maxwell Award, and Davey O'Brien Award as a quarterback for Florida State University,", "What is the Maxwell Award?", "I don't know.", "What records did he set in college?", "1,622-point difference, third only to O.J. Simpson's 1,750-point win in 1968 and Troy Smith's 1,662-point win in 2006." ]

[ "\"Tell Me What You Want\" is the fourth single by English R&B band Loose Ends from their first studio album, A Little Spice, and was released in February 1984 by Virgin Records. The single reached number 74 in the UK Singles Chart.\n\nTrack listing\n7” Single: VS658\n \"Tell Me What You Want) 3.35\n \"Tell Me What You Want (Dub Mix)\" 3.34\n\n12” Single: VS658-12\n \"Tell Me What You Want (Extended Version)\" 6.11\n \"Tell Me What You Want (Extended Dub Mix)\" 5.41\n\nU.S. only release - 12” Single: MCA23596 (released 1985)\n \"Tell Me What You Want (U.S. Extended Remix)\" 6.08 *\n \"Tell Me What You Want (U.S. Dub Version)\" 5.18\n\n* The U.S. Extended Remix version was released on CD on the U.S. Version of the 'A Little Spice' album (MCAD27141).\n\nThe Extended Version also featured on Side D of the limited gatefold sleeve version of 'Magic Touch'\n\nChart performance\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Tell Me What You Want at Discogs.\n\n1984 singles\nLoose Ends (band) songs\nSong recordings produced by Nick Martinelli\nSongs written by Carl McIntosh (musician)\nSongs written by Steve Nichol\n1984 songs\nVirgin Records singles", "You Can Hold Me Down is the debut album by William Tell, first released on March 13, 2007 through Universal Records and New Door Records.\n\nTrack listing\n \"Jeannie\" (William Tell) 3:01\n \"Slipping Under (Sing Along to Your Favorite Song)\" (PJ Smith, William Tell) 3:34\n \"Trouble\" (William Tell) 2:55\n \"Fairfax (You’re Still the Same)\" (William Tell) 2:49\n \"Like You, Only Sweeter\" (Darren Tehrani, William Tell) 3:41\n \"Maybe Tonight\" (William Tell, Mike Green) 3:13\n \"Young at Heart\" (William Tell) 2:46\n \"Sounds\" (William Tell, PJ Smith) 3:05\n \"Just For You\" (William Tell, Mike Green) 3:33\n \"You Can Hold Me Down\" (William Tell, Darren Tehrani) 3:23\n\nBest Buy hidden track:\n<li> \"You Can Hold Me Down\" (Tell, Tehrani) – 9:31\n features the hidden track \"After All\", beginning at about 4:30\n\niTunes Store bonus track:\n<li> \"Yesterday is Calling\" (James Bourne, Smith) – 3:43\n\nTarget bonus track:\n<li> \"Young at Heart (Acoustic)\" (Tell) – 2:46\n\nWal-Mart bonus tracks:\n<li> \"This Mess\" – 3:23\n<li> \"Katie (Where'd You Go?)\" – 3:48\n\nPersonnel\nWilliam Tell - vocals, guitars, bass\nBrian Ireland - drums, percussion\nAndrew McMahon - piano\n\nReferences\n\nYou Can Hold Me Down (William Tell album)" ]

[ "Andrew Breitbart", "Authorship, research, and reporting" ]

[ "\"Dreams\" () is a novella by Nobel Prize-winning Russian author Ivan Bunin, written in the late 1903 and first published in the first book of the Znanie (Knowledge) Saint Petersburg literary almanach in 1904, where it was coupled with another short novella, \"The Golden Bottom\" (Золотое дно), under the common title \"Black Earth\" (Чернозём). \"Dreams\" is generally regarded as the turning point in Bunin's literary career, marking the radical turn towards social issues prior to which he had mostly avoided.\n\nBackground \nBunin was one of the most prolific contributors to the Znanie publishing house's literary compilations. In all, sixteen books of the series featured his work. Originally, besides several poems, another story was planned for the inclusion into the Book I, called \"In Corns\" (В хлебах; later re-titled and now known as \"The Distant Things\", Далёкое). Having failed to finish it in time, in a December 11, 1903, letter Bunin informed Maxim Gorky and Konstantin Pyatnitsky: \"I send you the story, but it is not the one that's been promised. [In Corns] proved to be such a torture to me, it has to be five times as large. What I send you instead is a couple of short sketches, united by the common title and one general feel. One of them you've heard, Aleksey Maksimovich, I've been reading it to you. Should some things need be cut out for censors, please do it, I'm so eager to see this coming through!\"\n\nCritical reception \nBoth the first Znanie book, and Bunin's contribution to it were widely discussed in the early 1900s Russian press. Aleksander Amfiteatrov (under 'Abbadonna' nom de plume), wrote in newspaper Rus: \nIn Mir Bozhiy magazine critic M. Nevedovsky also wrote favourably of Ivan Bunin's making a turn towards social issues. The story \"embraced the huge scope of [Russia]'s rural world, being in its approach much wider than his previous works and much more exquisite in form,\" he argued.\n\nOne of the story's harshest critics was Vladimir Korolenko who, writing for Russkoye Bogatstvo, described it as \"a set of lightweight vignettes concerned mostly with pictures of nature, full of emotional laments for things of long forgotten past.\" Korolenko admitted that Bunin \"has caught some smothered whispers about things of the old and things yet to come, of murky grey figures from the third class wagon's twilight,\" but added – \"...its just that he couldn't find enough patience in him to lend his ear to what's been whispered, properly.\" Much as he respected Korolenko and his opinions, Bunin noted in his diary that the latter \"misunderstood the essence of these two stories totally.\"\n\nThe 1953 Bunin commentaries \nNot long before his death in 1953, revising the text for the Loopy Ears collection (published posthumously in New York City in 1954), Bunin provided the following commentary: \"The 'Dreams' novella was written in the end of 1903 – half a century ago! – and at the time I rather hastily sent it to the first Znanie book where it was published without me making final edits, which explained numerous flaws in it which now I've sorted out… But still Chekhov in his letter to Amfiteatrov on April 13, 1904, wrote: 'Today I've read Znanie's first compilatiom and in it one brilliant Bunin story. This one is truly superb, some moments in it are unbelievable. I strongly recommend it to your attention'.\"\n\nCommenting on this, Soviet critic V.Titova pointed out (in the 1965 The Works by I.A.Bunin, Vol. II commentaries) that Checkov's words were slightly misquoted by Bunin, since in the letter to Amfiteatrov he wrote of \"the brilliant 'Black Earth' story\", not \"Dreams\" (which was originally only part of it), as the author seemed to imply. It remained unclear, Titova remarked, which \"numerous flaws\" Bunin was speaking of, since \"Dreams\" was one of the very few texts he's made all but no changes in through the 1910s and 1920s. Only the meschanin vs. red-haired peasant dialogue in the original version was much more violent, purporting to show, apparently, the depth of class hatred between the two and \"the growing sense of independence Russian peasants have got the smell of,\" according to the critic.\n\nExternal links \n Cны. The original Russian text.\n\nReferences\n\nShort stories by Ivan Bunin\n1904 short stories\nZnanie (publishing company) books", "Raikva, the poor unknown cart-driver, appears in Chapter IV of the Chandogya Upanishad of Muktika canon where it is learnt that he knew That which was knowable and needed to be known, he knew That from which all this had originated. Along with Uddalaka, Prachinshala, Budila, Sarkarakshaya and Indradyumna, who respectively held earth, heaven, water, space and air to be the substrata of all things, and many others, Raikva was one of the leading Cosmological and Psychological philosophers of the Upanishads. He imparted the Samvarga Vidya to King Janasruti. Like Indradyumna he too held air to be substratum of all things.\n\nKing Janasruti, the ruler of Mahavrisha, was famous for his philanthropy and charity who was proud of what he gave away as gifts and in charity. He had come to know about Raikva by chance from the swans, who already impressed by his deeds of charity, had seen him, and whose conversation he happened to overhear. He heard one swan tell the other \n-As the inferior ones get included in Krta (the face of the dice bearing the number, Four), when it becomes the winner, so all virtuous deeds performed by people get included in this one; any one else who knows what he, Raikva , knows, he is also like Raikva.(Chandogya Upanishad IV.1.3)\n\nJanasruti who was himself wise and learned was astonished at what he had heard and which was meant for him to be heard. He approached Raikva with gifts, and after being called a Sudra (Sudra means one who is tormented by cravings and therefore, by pain and suffering), he accosted Raikava again with even richer gifts and his beautiful daughter in offer. Raikva told Janasruti that air was the end of all things and so logically also the beginning of all things\n- when fire is extinguished it goes to the air, when the sun sets it goes to the air, when the moon sets it goes to the air, when the waters dry up, they go to the air; thus verily is Air the final absorbent of all things whatsoever.(Chandogya Upanishad IV.3.1-2) .\n\nHe did not explain the actual process of absorption but Raikva was bold in including water and fire among the absorbed things, those two elements that had been held to be from where all things originated. With Prana considered by Ushasti Chakrayana as the life-principle Raikva brings out a correspondence between the macrocosm and the microcosm as the universal and in living things, as the final absorbent. Raikva was a mystic who knew about the relationship between the macrocosm and the microcosm and concluded that the two which are such, are surely the two places of merger – air indeed in the case of gods, the vital force in the case of organ, that absorption is the important quality to be meditated upon as Air and Prana. Prana or Vayu are Brahman. Brahman is the also the substratum of ignorance but the effects of ignorance are seen only through created things such as the Jivas.\n\nReferences\n\nVedanta\nReligious cosmologies\nRishis" ]

[ "Andrew Breitbart", "Authorship, research, and reporting", "What was one of the first things he wrote?", "Breitbart wrote a weekly column for The Washington Times, which also appeared at Real Clear Politics. Breitbart also co-wrote the book Hollywood," ]

[ "Hollywood, Interrupted: Insanity Chic in Babylon - The Case Against Celebrity is a book and website authored by Mark Ebner, with co-author Andrew Breitbart. The book was published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. The writing focuses primarily on what Ebner sees as the disconnected, self-indulgent nature of Hollywood culture. The book was on the New York Times Best Seller list, and was also a Los Angeles Times bestseller. The title references the 1999 film Girl, Interrupted.\n\nContents \nHollywood, Interrupted takes a look at the culture of celebrity, discussing the mannerisms of celebrities such as Barbra Streisand, Winona Ryder, Robert Downey Jr., Eddie Murphy and Angelina Jolie.\nThe work discusses some of the more scandalous of these and other celebrities, as well as their effects on society.\nEbner writes about a woman who was employed by AOL, used their database to acquire private information about Hollywood celebrities, and then utilized this illicit information to later create a career for herself in the entertainment industry.\nTrey Parker, one of the creators of South Park, is interviewed in the work, and was quoted commenting on the vices of individuals in the entertainment industry, such as prostitution and drug addiction.\n\nPart of the book is devoted to Crossroads School, a private high school in Santa Monica, California whose students largely come from families involved in the entertainment industry, and various scandals associated with the teenagers who attend that school.\n\nThe book also includes an analysis of the Church of Scientology and its effects on the culture in Hollywood, and has a chapter on Tom Cruise and John Travolta's relationship to Scientology.\n\nReception \nHollywood Interrupted is a New York Times and Los Angeles Times bestseller.\nThe book received a positive review in Britain's Telegraph, in an article entitled: \"How we fell in love with 'insanity chic'\". CNET News characterized the work as \"... a humorous nonfiction account on runaway depravity in the entertainment industry.\"\n\nAn article in the Irish Independent was less positive. The article stated that though the book was witty and showed that the authors understood the material they were writing about, there was also a sense that they left out evidence in certain parts. A review in The Wall Street Journal stated that the work was: \"... a terrific book, both snappy and snappish\", however the reviewer went on to note that the work went into exhaustive detail to get across the point that: \"People in Hollywood are nuts.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOfficial sites\n www.hollywoodinterrupted.com\n Publisher's Site on book, at John Wiley & Sons, publishing\n\nMedia\n Interview, with Andrew Breitbart about the book, National Review, January 14, 2005.\n\n2004 non-fiction books\nBooks critical of Scientology\nPopular culture books\nCollaborative non-fiction books", "Hollywood vs. America: Popular Culture and the War on Traditional Values is a 1992 book by conservative film critic Michael Medved. Its purpose is an examination and condemnation of violence and sexuality in cinema, as well as other media, such as TV and rock music. Medved argued in the book that since the 1960s, American popular culture- especially Hollywood cinema-had been producing art that was excessively violent, sexual and disrespectful to authority, and that such art was having a harmful effect on American society. The book's evidence relies heavily on the Lichter & Rothman book Watching America and the 1990 conference \"The Impact of the Media on Children and the Family\" to conclude that violence in cinema has a negative impact on American culture, especially by motivating viewers to mimic the violence they see on the screen. The book was praised by George Gilder in its American edition.\n\nReception\n\nIn his book Movies About the Movies, film historian Christopher Ames took issue with Hollywood vs. America. Ames described the book's viewpoint as overly simplistic, and argued that it exhibited \"virtually no awareness of the function of fantasy and vicarious experience…That audiences might have complex reasons for viewing behavior they do not wish to emulate or experience firsthand eludes Medved.\" \n\nCharles Oliver, reviewing the book for the libertarian monthly magazine, Reason, took issue with many of Medved's arguments. Oliver stated the commercial failure of Star Trek V: The Final Frontier was due to the fact \"it was simply the worst of the series\", not because of Medved's statement that audiences objected to what Medved claimed as the anti-religious tone of the film. Oliver pointed out themes like anti-heroes, crime and adultery had been staples of the American film industry since the 1940s, citing films like Double Indemnity and White Heat. Oliver also stated \"Medved never once considers the idea that maybe adultery is a powerful dramatic theme-powerful because we value marriage so much\".\n\nIn the liberal magazine, The New Republic, the then-film critic for The New Yorker magazine, David Denby, wrote that Hollywood vs. America \"is the stupidest book about popular culture that I have read to the end.\"\n\nJohn Podhoretz in the conservative magazine Commentary praised the book, stating: \"The central point of Hollywood vs. America is, however, unassailable: not only is there a gaping chasm between Hollywood's America and the real America, but Hollywood seems willing to pay in the coin of reduced profits for its continual refusal to bridge the chasm\".\n\nHollywood vs America was criticized in two articles by Brian Siano in the January 1993 issue of The Humanist magazine as being a case of Medved trying to exaggerate in order to make his point.\n\nThe English novelist Martin Amis agreed with some of Medved's points about violence affecting young audiences, while still ultimately rejecting Medved's argument, saying violence was an inevitable part of any artistic medium.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nBooknotes interview with Medved on Hollywood vs. America, December 27, 1992.\n\nBooks about film\n1992 non-fiction books\nAmerican popular culture" ]

[ "Andrew Breitbart", "Authorship, research, and reporting", "What was one of the first things he wrote?", "Breitbart wrote a weekly column for The Washington Times, which also appeared at Real Clear Politics. Breitbart also co-wrote the book Hollywood,", "What was the book \"Hollywood\" about?", "a book that is highly critical of U.S. celebrity culture." ]

[ "\"What Kind of Fool\" is a 1981 vocal duet between Barbra Streisand and Barry Gibb.\n\nWhat Kind of Fool may also refer to:\n\n \"What Kind of Fool\" (Lionel Cartwright song), a 1991 song by Lionel Cartwright\n \"What Kind of Fool (Heard All That Before)\", a 1992 song performed by Kylie Minogue\n \"What Kind of Fool Am I?\", a 1962 song recorded by several artists\n \"What Kind of Fool (Do You Think I Am)\", a 1964 song by The Tamms\n \"What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am\", a 1992 song by Lee Roy Parnell\n \"What Kind of Fool\", a 1988 single by All About Eve", "Joseph Mundy did early work in computer vision and projective geometry using LISP, when computer vision still was a new area of research. In 1987 he presented his work in a video, which now is available for free at archive.org.\n\nHere is an extract of the interview, which took place in the end of the video.\n\n\"What do students need to learn to be prepared to meet the challenges?\" -\n\n\"I would like to comment on the necessary courses a student should take to really be prepared to carry out research in model-based vision. As we can see the geometry of image projection and the mathematics of transformation is a very key element in studying this field, but there are many other issues the student has to be prepared for. If we are going to talk about segmenting images and getting good geometric clues, we have to understand the relationship between the intensity of image data and its underlying geometry. And this would lead the student into such areas as optics, illumination theory, theory of shadows and the like. And also the mathematics underlying this kind of computations would of course require signal processing theory, fourier transform theory and the like. And in dealing with algebraic surfaces such as this curved surfaces as we talked about here, courses in algebraic geometry and higher pure forms of algebra will prove to be necessary in order to make any kind of progress in research to handle curved surfaces. So, I guess the bottom line of what I'm saying is: math courses, particularly those associated with geometric aspects will be key in all of this.\"\n\nSee also\n Computer Vision\n\nExternal links\n University video communication on model-based computer vision\n Machine Perception of Three-Dimensional Solids - the paper mentioned by Joseph Mundy in the video\n A biography\nCV\n\nComputer vision researchers\nLiving people\nRensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni\nRensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty\nGeneral Electric people\nBrown University faculty\nYear of birth missing (living people)" ]

[ "Andrew Breitbart", "Authorship, research, and reporting", "What was one of the first things he wrote?", "Breitbart wrote a weekly column for The Washington Times, which also appeared at Real Clear Politics. Breitbart also co-wrote the book Hollywood,", "What was the book \"Hollywood\" about?", "a book that is highly critical of U.S. celebrity culture.", "What kind of research did he do?", "In June 2011, Breitbart's websites broke the story that congressman Anthony Weiner was sending women revealing photographs of himself." ]

[ "Don Juan Manuel's Tales of Count Lucanor, in Spanish Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio (Book of the Examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio), also commonly known as El Conde Lucanor, Libro de Patronio, or Libro de los ejemplos (original Old Castilian: Libro de los enxiemplos del Conde Lucanor et de Patronio), is one of the earliest works of prose in Castilian Spanish. It was first written in 1335.\n\nThe book is divided into four parts. The first and most well-known part is a series of 51 short stories (some no more than a page or two) drawn from various sources, such as Aesop and other classical writers, and Arabic folktales.\n\nTales of Count Lucanor was first printed in 1575 when it was published at Seville under the auspices of Argote de Molina. It was again printed at Madrid in 1642, after which it lay forgotten for nearly two centuries.\n\nPurpose and structure\n\nA didactic, moralistic purpose, which would color so much of the Spanish literature to follow (see Novela picaresca), is the mark of this book. Count Lucanor engages in conversation with his advisor Patronio, putting to him a problem (\"Some man has made me a proposition...\" or \"I fear that such and such person intends to...\") and asking for advice. Patronio responds always with the greatest humility, claiming not to wish to offer advice to so illustrious a person as the Count, but offering to tell him a story of which the Count's problem reminds him. (Thus, the stories are \"examples\" [ejemplos] of wise action.) At the end he advises the Count to do as the protagonist of his story did.\n\nEach chapter ends in more or less the same way, with slight variations on: \"And this pleased the Count greatly and he did just so, and found it well. And Don Johán (Juan) saw that this example was very good, and had it written in this book, and composed the following verses.\" A rhymed couplet closes, giving the moral of the story.\n\nOrigin of stories and influence on later literature\nMany of the stories written in the book are the first examples written in a modern European language of various stories, which many other writers would use in the proceeding centuries. Many of the stories he included were themselves derived from other stories, coming from western and Arab sources.\n\nShakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew has the basic elements of Tale 35, \"What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\".\n\nTale 32, \"What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth\" tells the story that Hans Christian Andersen made popular as The Emperor's New Clothes.\n\nStory 7, \"What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana\", a version of Aesop's The Milkmaid and Her Pail, was claimed by Max Müller to originate in the Hindu cycle Panchatantra.\n\nTale 2, \"What happened to a good Man and his Son, leading a beast to market,\" is the familiar fable The miller, his son and the donkey.\n\nIn 2016, Baroque Decay released a game under the name \"The Count Lucanor\". As well as some protagonists' names, certain events from the books inspired past events in the game.\n\nThe stories\n\nThe book opens with a prologue which introduces the characters of the Count and Patronio. The titles in the following list are those given in Keller and Keating's 1977 translation into English. James York's 1868 translation into English gives a significantly different ordering of the stories and omits the fifty-first.\n\n What Happened to a King and His Favorite \n What Happened to a Good Man and His Son \n How King Richard of England Leapt into the Sea against the Moors\n What a Genoese Said to His Soul When He Was about to Die \n What Happened to a Fox and a Crow Who Had a Piece of Cheese in His Beak\n How the Swallow Warned the Other Birds When She Saw Flax Being Sown \n What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana \n What Happened to a Man Whose Liver Had to Be Washed \n What Happened to Two Horses Which Were Thrown to the Lion \n What Happened to a Man Who on Account of Poverty and Lack of Other Food Was Eating Bitter Lentils \n What Happened to a Dean of Santiago de Compostela and Don Yllán, the Grand Master of Toledo\n What Happened to the Fox and the Rooster \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Hunting Partridges \n The Miracle of Saint Dominick When He Preached against the Usurer \n What Happened to Lorenzo Suárez at the Siege of Seville \n The Reply that count Fernán González Gave to His Relative Núño Laynes \n What Happened to a Very Hungry Man Who Was Half-heartedly Invited to Dinner \n What Happened to Pero Meléndez de Valdés When He Broke His Leg \n What Happened to the Crows and the Owls \n What Happened to a King for Whom a Man Promised to Perform Alchemy \n What Happened to a Young King and a Philosopher to Whom his Father Commended Him \n What Happened to the Lion and the Bull \n How the Ants Provide for Themselves \n What Happened to the King Who Wanted to Test His Three Sons \n What Happened to the Count of Provence and How He Was Freed from Prison by the Advice of Saladin\n What Happened to the Tree of Lies \n What Happened to an Emperor and to Don Alvarfáñez Minaya and Their Wives \n What Happened in Granada to Don Lorenzo Suárez Gallinato When He Beheaded the Renegade Chaplain \n What Happened to a Fox Who Lay down in the Street to Play Dead \n What Happened to King Abenabet of Seville and Ramayquía His Wife \n How a Cardinal Judged between the Canons of Paris and the Friars Minor \n What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth \n What Happened to Don Juan Manuel's Saker Falcon and an Eagle and a Heron \n What Happened to a Blind Man Who Was Leading Another \n What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\n What Happened to a Merchant When He Found His Son and His Wife Sleeping Together \n What Happened to Count Fernán González with His Men after He Had Won the Battle of Hacinas \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Loaded down with Precious Stones and Drowned in the River \n What Happened to a Man and a Swallow and a Sparrow \n Why the Seneschal of Carcassonne Lost His Soul \n What Happened to a King of Córdova Named Al-Haquem \n What Happened to a Woman of Sham Piety \n What Happened to Good and Evil and the Wise Man and the Madman \n What Happened to Don Pero Núñez the Loyal, to Don Ruy González de Zavallos, and to Don Gutier Roiz de Blaguiello with Don Rodrigo the Generous \n What Happened to a Man Who Became the Devil's Friend and Vassal \n What Happened to a Philosopher who by Accident Went down a Street Where Prostitutes Lived \n What Befell a Moor and His Sister Who Pretended That She Was Timid \n What Happened to a Man Who Tested His Friends \n What Happened to the Man Whom They Cast out Naked on an Island When They Took away from Him the Kingdom He Ruled \n What Happened to Saladin and a Lady, the Wife of a Knight Who Was His Vassal \n What Happened to a Christian King Who Was Very Powerful and Haughty\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n Sturm, Harlan\n\n Wacks, David\n\nExternal links\n\nThe Internet Archive provides free access to the 1868 translation by James York.\nJSTOR has the to the 1977 translation by Keller and Keating.\nSelections in English and Spanish (pedagogical edition) with introduction, notes, and bibliography in Open Iberia/América (open access teaching anthology)\n\n14th-century books\nSpanish literature\n1335 books", "Hard Choices 'What happened on Algol?' is a 32-page graphic novella prequel to Ultramarines: A Warhammer 40,000 Movie written by Dan Abnett, released as part of the Special Edition DVD on 29 November 2010.\nHard Choices is a military science fiction story set in the Warhammer 40,000 universe, the protagonists being Space Marines from the Ultramarines Chapter.\n\nArt\nPenciling was done by comic book artist David Roach, whose past work has included 2000 AD, Marvel Comics, DC Comics, Dark Horse Comics, and the gaming company Wizards of the Coast.\n\nProduction\nHard Choices 'What happened on Algol?''' was commissioned to accompany Ultramarines : A Warhammer 40,000 Movie, made by UK-based production company Codex Pictures under licence from Games Workshop, working in association with Good Story Productions Ltd and Montreal based POP6 Studios.\n\nReleaseHard Choices 'What happened on Algol?''' accompanies The Special Edition Ultramarines: A Warhammer 40,000 Movie DVD, released worldwide on 29 November 2010.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n Official Production Blog\n Official YouTube Channel\n Official Twitter\n Official Flickr\n Facebook fan page\n\n2010 graphic novels\n2010 comics debuts\nComics based on films\nComics by Dan Abnett\nBritish graphic novels\nWarhammer 40,000 comics" ]

[ "Andrew Breitbart", "Authorship, research, and reporting", "What was one of the first things he wrote?", "Breitbart wrote a weekly column for The Washington Times, which also appeared at Real Clear Politics. Breitbart also co-wrote the book Hollywood,", "What was the book \"Hollywood\" about?", "a book that is highly critical of U.S. celebrity culture.", "What kind of research did he do?", "In June 2011, Breitbart's websites broke the story that congressman Anthony Weiner was sending women revealing photographs of himself.", "What happened after the story was released?", "I don't know." ]

[ "\"Research\" is a song recorded by American rapper Big Sean featuring American singer Ariana Grande. It was written by Sean, Grande, Dacoury Natchel, Michael Carlson, and Leland Wayne, and was produced by DJ Dahi and Metro Boomin. The track was initially set to be sent to radio as the fourth official single from Dark Sky Paradise, however, it was later revealed that \"One Man Can Change the World\" would serve in its place instead.\n\n\"Research\" received mixed reviews from music critics, who appreciated the production and beat but were ambivalent towards the lyrical content, especially the use of derogatory words for women.\n\nComposition\nLyrically, the song is about Big Sean \"rapping about a suspicious lover, as Ariana plays detective.\"\n\nSean's verses discuss his girlfriend being distrustful, as he raps, \"'These hoes be doing research/I swear she like, 'This piece of hair off in the sink...'” He also adds, “Okay I know you did some research, well shit I did too/I saw you wearin’ Drake’s chain like you were part of his crew/I saw you chillin’ with Meek Mill up at the summer jam oooh/I hope my eyes the one that’s lying to me girl and not you.”\n\nIn the chorus, meanwhile, Grande sings, “I still have to hide/Now you're next to me at night/You test me all the time/Say I know what you like, like I did the last time/Do you remember? Do you remember?/Do you remember?/When you had nothing to hide...”\n\nCritical reception\n\"Research\" received mixed reviews from music critics upon the release of Dark Sky Paradise. In a positive response, Shannon Weprin from Hypetrak called the song a \"pop-esque duet\" and \"infectiously catchy.\" Justin Charity from Complex called \"Research\" one of the album's pop high-points. Eric Diep from HipHopDX described the track as \"pop-rap perfected\".\n\nThe song also received reviews which were negative towards the lyrical content. John Mychal Feraren of FDRMX gave the song 2.7 stars out of 5 and criticized the use of \"derogatory words as metaphor to women\", but also added that \"he [Sean] makes up for it by not completely objectifying them.\" He went on to say that \"women should not be denoted as bitches,\" and that \"artists should also be careful in addressing the need for feminism in music.\" Also noting the use of derogatory feminine terms, DJ Pizzo from Medium commented, \"he more or less calls her [Grande] a 'hoe' in the hook. 'These hoes being doing research,' he sings while Ariana validates his use of the term by simply appearing on the track.\" However, he did compliment the production by stating that \"the beat is dope.\"\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2015 songs\nBig Sean songs\nAriana Grande songs\nSongs written by Metro Boomin\nSongs written by Ariana Grande\nSongs written by Big Sean\nSongs written by DJ Dahi", "Greenberg v. Miami Children's Hospital Research Institute, 264 F. Supp. 2d 1064 (S.D. Fla. 2003), was a decision by the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida which ruled that individuals do not own their tissue samples when researchers take them for testing.\n\nHistory\nThe plaintiffs in this case were a group of parents of children who had Canavan disease and three non-profit organizations who developed a confidential Canavan disease registry and database. The parents provided their children's tissue for research on the disease and the non-profit groups aided in the identification of other affected families. The defendant was Reuben Matalon, who received these tissue samples and used them to isolate and patent the Canavan gene sequence. He subsequently developed a genetic screening test for it and began claiming royalties whenever the test was used. The Miami facilities where he did his research, including Miami Children's Hospital, were also defendants.\n\nDecision\nThe court dismissed the plaintiffs' claims that the defendants did not provide informed consent, conducted a breach of fiduciary duties, concealed the patent, and misappropriated trade secrets. The court did uphold the plaintiffs' claim of unjust enrichment at the expense of the donors of tissue, writing that \"the facts paint a picture of a continuing research collaboration that involved plaintiffs also investing time and significant resources.\"\n\nSignificance\nThe case set a precedent for determining ownership of donated tissue samples.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \nCanavan Foundation's press release\n\n2003 in Florida\n2003 in United States case law\nUnited States District Court for the Southern District of Florida cases\nUnited States property case law\nBioethics" ]

[ "William Goebel", "Gubernatorial election of 1899" ]

[ "William Justus Goebel (January 4, 1856 – February 3, 1900) was an American Democratic politician who served as the 34th governor of Kentucky for four days in 1900, having been sworn in on his deathbed a day after being shot by an assassin. Goebel remains the only state governor in the United States to ever be assassinated while in office.\n\nGoebel was born to Wilhelm and Augusta Goebel (), German immigrants from Hanover. He studied at the Hollingsworth Business College in the mid-1870s and became an apprentice in John W. Stevenson's law firm. While Goebel lacked the social qualities like public speaking, which were common to politicians, various authors referred to him as an intellectual man. He served in the Kentucky Senate, campaigning for populist causes like railroad regulation, which won him many allies and supporters. \n\nIn 1895, Goebel engaged in a duel with John Lawrence Sanford, a former Confederate general staff officer turned cashier. According to the witnesses, both men then drew their pistols, but no one was sure who fired first. Sanford was killed; Goebel pled self-defense and was acquitted. \n\nDuring the 1899 Kentucky gubernatorial election, Goebel divided his party with his political tactics to win the nomination for governorship at a time when Kentucky Republicans were gaining strength, having elected the party's first governor four years previously. These dynamics led to a close contest between Goebel and William S. Taylor. In the politically chaotic climate that resulted, Goebel won the election, but was assassinated and died three days in office. Everyone charged in connection with the murder was either acquitted or eventually pardoned, and the identity of his assassin remains unknown.\n\nEarly life\n\nHeritage and career \nWilhelm Justus Goebel was born January 4, 1856, in either Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, or Albany Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, to Wilhelm and Augusta Goebel (), immigrants from Hanover, Germany. The eldest of the four children, he was born two months premature and weighed less than . His father served as a private in Company B, 82nd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War, and Goebel's mother raised her children alone, teaching them much about their German heritage. Wilhelm spoke German until the age of six, but he embraced American culture, adopting the English spelling of his name as \"William\".\n\nAfter being discharged from the army in 1863, Goebel's father moved his family to Covington, Kentucky. Goebel attended school in Covington and was then apprenticed to a jeweler in Cincinnati, Ohio. After a brief time at Hollingsworth Business College in mid 1870s, he became an apprentice in the law firm of John W. Stevenson, who had served as governor of Kentucky from 1867 to 1871. Goebel eventually became Stevenson's partner and executor of his estate. Goebel graduated from Cincinnati Law School in 1877, and enrolled at the Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, before joining the practice of Kentucky state representative John G. Carlisle. He then rejoined Stevenson in Covington in 1883, after the death of Stevenson's previous partner.\n\nPersonal characteristics\nAccording to author James C. Klotter, Goebel was not known as a particularly genial person in public. He belonged to few social organizations and greeted none but his closest friends with a smile or handshake. He was rarely linked romantically with a woman and was the only governor of Kentucky who never married. Journalist Irvin S. Cobb remarked, \"I never saw a man who, physically, so closely suggested the reptilian as this man did.\" Others commented on his \"contemptuous\" lips, \"sharp\" nose, and \"humorless\" eyes. Goebel was not a gifted public speaker, often eschewing flowery imagery and relying on his deep, powerful voice and forceful delivery to drive home his points. Klotter wrote, \"When coupled to somewhat demagogic appeals and to an occasional phrase that stirred emotions, this delivery made for an effective speech, but never more than an average one.\" While lacking in the social qualities common to politicians, one characteristic that served Goebel well in the political arena was his intellect. Goebel was well-read, and supporters and opponents both conceded that his mental prowess was impressive. Cobb concluded that he had never been more impressed with a man's intellect than he had been with Goebel's.\n\nPolitical career\n\nKentucky Senate \n\nIn 1887, James William Bryan vacated his seat in the Kentucky Senate to pursue the office of lieutenant governor. Goebel decided to seek election to the vacant seat representing Covington. He campaigned on the platform of railroad regulation and labor causes. Like Stevenson, he insisted on the right of the people to control chartered corporations. The Union Labor Party had risen to power in the area with a platform similar to Goebel's. However, while Goebel had to stick close to his allies in the Democratic Party, the Union Labor Party courted the votes of both Democrats and Republicans and made the election close, which was decided in Goebel's favor by just 56 votes. During his first term as senator, the State Railroad Commission increased to over $3,000,000 tax evaluation on the property of Louisville and Nashville Railroad. A proposal from pro-railroad legislators in the Kentucky House of Representatives to abolish Kentucky's Railroad Commission was passed and sent to the Senate. Cassius Marcellus Clay responded by proposing a committee to investigate lobbying by the railroad industry. Goebel served on the committee, which uncovered significant violations by the railroad lobby. He also helped defeat the bill to abolish the Railroad Commission in the Senate. These actions increased his popularity and he was elected senator unopposed in 1889 for a full term. Goebel was well able to broker deals with fellow lawmakers and was equally able and willing to break the deals if a better deal came along. His tendency to use the state's political machinery to advance his agenda earned him the nickname \"William the Conqueror\".\n\nGoebel served as a delegate to Kentucky's fourth constitutional convention in 1890, which produced the current Constitution of Kentucky. Despite being a delegate, Goebel showed little interest in participating in the process of creating a new Constitution. The convention was in session for approximately 250 days, but Goebel was present for approximately only 100 days. However, he did secure the inclusion of the Railroad Commission in the new Constitution. As a Constitutional entity, the Commission could only be abolished by an amendment ratified by a popular vote. This effectively protected the Commission from ever being unilaterally dismantled by the General Assembly. Klotter wrote, \"Goebel used the constitution as a vehicle to enact laws which he had not been able to pass in the more conservative legislature.\" Goebel won another term in 1893 by a three-to-one margin over his Republican opponent. By 1894, he had been elected as the President pro tempore of the Kentucky Senate.\n\nDuel with John Sanford\n\nIn 1895, Goebel engaged in what many observers considered to be a duel with John Lawrence Sanford. Sanford, a former Confederate general staff officer turned cashier, had clashed with Goebel before. Goebel's successful campaign to remove tolls from some of Kentucky's turnpikes cost Sanford a large amount of money. Many believed that Sanford had blocked Goebel's appointment to the Kentucky Court of Appeals, in retaliation. Incensed, Goebel had written an article in a local newspaper referring to Sanford as \"Gonorrhea John.\" On April 11, 1895, Goebel and two acquaintances went to Covington to cash a check. Goebel suggested they avoid Sanford's bank, but Sanford, standing outside the bank, spoke to the men before they could cross the street to a different bank. Sanford greeted Goebel's friends, offering them his left hand. However, Goebel noticed that Sanford's right hand was on a pistol concealed in his pocket. Having come armed himself, Goebel clutched his revolver in his pocket. Sanford confronted Goebel and said, \"I understand that you assume authorship of that article.\" \"I do\", replied Goebel.\n\nThe shooting took place at 1:30 p.m. According to the witnesses, both men then drew their pistols, but no one was sure which had fired first. One of the witnesses – W. J. Hendricks, the attorney general of Kentucky, said \"I don't know who shot first, the shots were so close together.\" Another witness, Frank P. Helm, said \"I was right up against them and really thought at first that I had, myself, been shot.\" Sanford's bullet passed through Goebel's coat and ripped his trousers, but left him uninjured. Goebel's shot fatally struck Sanford in the head; Sanford died five hours later. Goebel pled self-defense and was acquitted. The acquittal was significant because the Kentucky constitution prohibited dueling. If Goebel had been convicted of dueling, he would have been ineligible to hold any public office. The shooting made Goebel unpopular among Kentucky's Confederate veterans, who also noted his non-southern background and his father's service in the Union army.\n\nGoebel Election Law\nKentucky Democrats, who controlled the General Assembly believed that county election commissioners had been unfair in selecting local election officials, and had contributed to the election of Republican governor William O. Bradley in 1895. Goebel proposed a bill, known as the \"Goebel Election Law\", which passed along strict party lines and over Governor Bradley's veto, created a three-member state election commission, appointed by the General Assembly, to choose the county election commissioners. It allowed the Democratic-controlled General Assembly to appoint only Democrats to the election commission. Many voters decried the bill as a self-serving attempt by Goebel to increase his political power, and the election board remained a controversial issue until its abolition in a special session of the legislature in 1900. Goebel became the subject of much opposition from constituencies of both parties in Kentucky after the passage of the law.\n\nGubernatorial election of 1899\n\nIn 1896, when William Jennings Bryan electrified the Democratic National Convention with his Cross of Gold speech and won the nomination for president, many delegates from Kentucky bolted the convention. Various Kentuckian politicians believed that free silver was a populist idea, and it did not belong to the Democratic Party. Subsequently, Republican William McKinley won the 1896 presidential election, carrying Kentucky. Author Nicholas C. Burckel believed that this set the stage for \"horripilating gubernatorial election of 1899\". Three men sought the Democratic nomination for governor at the 1899 party convention in Louisville – Goebel, Parker Watkins Hardin, and William Johnson Stone. When Hardin appeared to be the front-runner for the nomination, Stone and Goebel agreed to work together against him. They concluded that Stone's supporters would endorse whomever Goebel picked to preside over the convention. In exchange, half the delegates from Louisville, who were pledged to Goebel, would vote to nominate Stone. Goebel would then drop out of the race, but would name many of the other officials on the ticket. Both men agreed that, should one of them be defeated or withdraw from the race, they would encourage their delegates to vote for the other rather than support Hardin. As word of the plan spread, Hardin dropped out of the race, believing he would be beaten by the Stone–Goebel alliance. When the convention convened on June 24, several chaotic ballots resulted in no clear majority for anyone, and Goebel's hand-picked chairman announced the man with the lowest vote total in the next canvass would be dropped, which turned out to be Stone. This put Stone's supporters in a difficult position, and were forced to choose between Hardin, who was seen as a pawn of the railroads, or Goebel. Enough of them sided with Goebel to give him the nomination. Goebel's tactics, while not illegal, were unpopular and divided the party. A disgruntled faction calling themselves the \"Honest Election Democrats\" held a separate convention in Lexington and nominated John Y. Brown as their gubernatorial candidate. \n\nRepublican William S. Taylor defeated both Democratic candidates in the general election, but his margin over Goebel was only 2,383 votes. Democrats in the General Assembly began making accusations of voting irregularities in some counties, but in a surprise decision, the Board of Elections created by the Goebel Election Law, manned by three hand-picked pro-Goebel Democrats, ruled 2–1 that the disputed ballots should count, saying the law gave them no legal power to reverse the official county results and that under the Kentucky Constitution the power to review the election lay in the General Assembly. The Assembly then invalidated enough Republican ballots to give the election to Goebel. The Assembly's Republican minority was incensed, as were voters in traditionally Republican districts. For several days, the state hovered on the brink of a possible civil war.\n\nAssassination and legacy\n\nShooting and death \nWhile the election results remained in dispute, Goebel, despite being warned of a rumored assassination plot against him, walked flanked by two bodyguards to the Old State Capitol on the morning of January 30, 1900. Reports conflict about what happened, but some five or six shots were fired from the nearby State Building, one striking Goebel in the chest and wounding him seriously. Taylor, serving as governor pending a final decision on the election, called out the militia and ordered the General Assembly into a special session in London, Kentucky – a Republican area. The Republican minority obeyed the call and went to London. Democrats resisted the move, many going instead to Louisville. Both groups claimed authority, but the Republicans were too few to muster a quorum. That evening, the day after being shot, Goebel was sworn in as governor. In his only act, Goebel signed a proclamation to dissolve the militia called up by Taylor, which was ignored by the militia's Republican commander. Despite the care of 18 physicians, Goebel died the afternoon of February 3, 1900. Journalists recalled his last words as \"Tell my friends to be brave, fearless, and loyal to the common people.\" Skeptic Irvin S. Cobb uncovered another story from some in the room at the time. On having eaten his last meal, the governor supposedly remarked \"Doc, that was a damned bad oyster.\" Goebel remains the only American governor ever assassinated while in office. In respect of Goebel's displeasure with the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, his body was transported not by the L&N direct line, but circuitously from his hometown of Covington north across the Ohio River to Cincinnati, and then south to Frankfort on the Queen and Crescent Railroad.\n\nAfter Goebel's death, amid controversy, the Kentucky Court of Appeals ruled that the General Assembly had acted legally in declaring Goebel the winner of the election. That decision was appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States. Arguments were presented in the case Taylor v. Beckham on April 30, 1900, but on May 21, the justices decided 8–1 not to hear the case, allowing the Court of Appeals' decision to stand. Goebel's lieutenant governor J. C. W. Beckham ascended to the governorship.\n\nTrials, investigations, and legacy \nDuring the ensuing assassination investigation, suspicion naturally focused on deposed governor Taylor, who fled to Indianapolis, under the looming threat of indictment. The governor of Indiana refused to extradite Taylor, and he was thus never questioned about his knowledge of the plot to kill Goebel. Taylor was later pardoned in 1909 by Beckham's successor, Republican governor Augustus E. Willson. Sixteen people, including Taylor, were eventually indicted in Goebel's assassination. Three accepted immunity from prosecution in exchange for testimony. Only five ever went to trial, two of those being acquitted. Convictions were handed down against Taylor's Secretary of State Caleb Powers, Henry Youtsey, and Jim Howard. The prosecution charged that Powers was the mastermind, having a political opponent killed so that Taylor could stay in office. Youtsey was an alleged intermediary, and Howard, who was said to have been in Frankfort to seek a pardon from Taylor for the killing of a man in a family feud, was accused of being the actual assassin. Republican appeal courts overturned Powers' and Howard's convictions, though Powers was tried three more times, resulting in two convictions and a hung jury, and Howard was tried and convicted twice more. Both men were pardoned in 1908 by Willson. Youtsey, who received a life imprisonment, did not appeal, but after two years in prison, he turned state's evidence. In Howard's second trial, Youtsey claimed that Taylor had discussed an assassination plot with Youtsey and Howard. He backed the prosecution's claims that Taylor and Powers worked out the details, he acted as an intermediary, and Howard fired the shot. On cross-examination, the defense pointed out contradictions in the details of Youtsey's story, but Howard was still convicted. Youtsey was paroled in 1916 and was pardoned in 1919 by Democratic governor James D. Black. Of those allegedly involved in the killing: Taylor died in 1928; Powers died in 1932; Youtsey died in 1942. Most historians agree that the identity of the assassin of Goebel is unclear. Goebel Avenue in Elkton, Kentucky, and Goebel Park in Covington, Kentucky are named in Goebel's honor.\n\nSee also \n\n History of Kentucky\n List of assassinated American politicians\n List of unsolved murders\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nWorks cited\n\nFurther reading\n\n \n\n1856 births\n1900 deaths\n1900 murders in the United States\n19th-century American politicians\nAmerican people of German descent\nAssassinated American politicians\nBurials at Frankfort Cemetery\nDeaths by firearm in Kentucky\nDemocratic Party state governors of the United States\nAmerican duellists\nGovernors of Kentucky\nKentucky Democrats\nKentucky state senators\nKenyon College alumni\nMale murder victims\nPeople from Carbondale, Pennsylvania\nPeople murdered in Kentucky\nPopulism in the United States\nUniversity of Cincinnati alumni\nUnsolved murders in the United States", "William Sylvester Taylor (October 10, 1853 – August 2, 1928) was the 33rd Governor of Kentucky. He was initially declared the winner of the disputed gubernatorial election of 1899, but the Kentucky General Assembly, dominated by the Democrats, reversed the election results, giving the victory to his Democratic opponent, William Goebel. Thus, Taylor served only 50 days as governor.\n\nA poorly educated but politically astute lawyer, Taylor began climbing the political ladder by holding local offices in his native Butler County. Though he was a Republican in an overwhelmingly Democratic state, divisions in the majority party resulted in his election as Attorney General of Kentucky on a ticket with the Commonwealth's first Republican governor, William O. Bradley. Four years later, Taylor was elected in 1899 to the governorship.\n\nWhen the General Assembly reversed the election results after a dispute, incensed Republicans armed themselves and descended on Frankfort. Taylor's Democratic opponent, William Goebel, was shot and died after being sworn in on his deathbed. Taylor exhausted his finances in a legal battle with Goebel's running mate J. C. W. Beckham over the governorship. Taylor ultimately lost the battle, and was implicated in Goebel's assassination. He fled to neighboring Indiana. Despite eventually being pardoned for any wrongdoing, he seldom returned to Kentucky. Taylor died in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1928.\n\nEarly life\nWilliam Taylor was born October 10, 1853 in a log cabin on the Green River, about five miles from Morgantown, Kentucky. He was the first child of Sylvester and Mary G. (Moore) Taylor. He spent his early years working on the family farm, and did not attend school until age fifteen; thereafter, he attended the public schools of Butler County and studied at home. In 1874, he began teaching, specializing in mathematics, history, and politics. He taught until 1882, and later became a successful attorney, but continued to operate a farm.\n\nOn February 10, 1878, Taylor married Sara (\"Sallie\") Belle Tanner. The couple had nine children, including six daughters and a son that survived infancy.\n\nPolitical career\nTaylor's political career began in 1878 with an unsuccessful bid to become county clerk of Butler County. In 1880, he was an assistant presidential elector for Greenback candidate James Weaver. Two years later, he was elected county clerk of Butler County. He was the first person in the history of the county to successfully challenge a Democrat for this position.\n\nTaylor became a member of the Republican Party in 1884. In 1886, he was chosen to represent the third district on the Republican state central committee. That same year, the party nominated a full slate of candidates for county offices, including Taylor as the nominee for county judge. In the ensuing elections, the full Republican slate was elected. Taylor was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1888. He was re-elected as county judge in 1890.\n\nIn 1895, Taylor was elected Attorney General of Kentucky, and served until 1899. During his term, state senator William Goebel proposed an election law that created a state Board of Elections which was empowered to appoint all election officers in every county and certify all election results. The board was to be appointed by the General Assembly, and there were no requirements that its composition be bi-partisan. The law was widely seen as a power play by Goebel, designed to ensure Democratic victories in state elections, including Goebel's own anticipated run for governor. The law passed the General Assembly, but was vetoed by Republican governor William O. Bradley. The General Assembly promptly overrode the veto. As attorney general, Taylor opined that the bill was unconstitutional. The measure was adjudicated by the Kentucky Court of Appeals and found to be constitutional.\n\nGubernatorial election of 1899\n\nBradley's election in 1895 had marked the first time in Kentucky's history that the Commonwealth had elected a Republican governor. Angry Democrats, who had controlled the governorship since the fall of the Whig Party in 1855, sought to regain what they had lost. Bitter divisions in the party led to a contentious convention that nominated William Goebel as the party candidate. A faction of the Democratic Party held a second nominating convention and chose former governor John Y. Brown as their nominee.\n\nThe Republicans were initially no less divided than the Democrats. Senator William J. Deboe backed Taylor for governor. Governor Bradley backed Judge Clifton J. Pratt of Hopkins County, and the Republicans of Central Kentucky backed state auditor Sam H. Stone. Taylor organized a strong political machine and seemed in a solid position to obtain the nomination. Bradley was incensed that the party would not unite behind his candidate and boycotted the convention. Taylor unsuccessfully tried to woo him back with a promise to make his nephew, Edwin P. Morrow, secretary of state. Because Taylor represented the western part of the state, the so-called \"lily white\" branch of the Republican Party, black leaders also threatened not to support him; Taylor responded by hiring one of the black leaders his permanent secretary, and promised to appoint other black leaders to office if he won the election. Seeing that Taylor's nomination was likely, all the other candidates withdrew, and Taylor won the nomination unanimously.\n\nDuring the campaign, Taylor was attacked by Democratic opponents because of his party's support from black voters and its ties to big business, including the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. They also charged that Governor Bradley had run a corrupt administration. Republicans answered with charges of factionalism and use of political machinery by Democrats. In particular, they derided the Goebel Election Law, which Taylor claimed subverted the will of the people.\n\nEx-Confederates were usually a safe voting bloc for the Democrats, but many of them deserted Goebel because he had, in 1895, while cashing a check, met and quickly shot his main local political opponent, the esteemed banker and former Confederate colonel John Sandford, in what he declared was an act of self-defense, but some see as more of an (illegal) duel, as both fired pistols at each other. Sandford, who received a fatal head wound, was a grandson of Revolutionary War General and US Congressman Thomas Sandford. \nOn the other hand, blacks had historically been a safe bloc for the Republicans, but Taylor had alienated many of them by not strongly opposing the Separate Coach Bill, which would have racially segregated railroad facilities. Goebel also risked losing support to minor party candidates. Besides John Y. Brown, the dissenting Democrats' nominee, the Populist Party nominated a candidate, drawing votes from Goebel's populist base. To unite his traditional base, Goebel convinced William Jennings Bryan, a hero to most populists and Democrats, to campaign for him. As soon as Bryan finished his tour of the state, Governor Bradley reversed course and began speaking in favor of Taylor. While Bradley insisted that his motives were to defend his administration, journalist Henry Watterson believed Taylor had promised to support Bradley's senatorial bid if elected.\n\nGovernorship and later life\nIn the general election, Taylor secured just 2,383 more votes than Goebel. The Democrat-controlled General Assembly challenged the election results. Under the Goebel Election Law, a three-man Board of Elections (dominated by Democrats) were to review the results and certify the winner in the contest. Two of the members of the board had openly campaigned for Goebel, and all three owed their appointments to him, but in a surprising decision, the board voted 2—1 to certify Taylor as the winner.\n\nThe board claimed that the Goebel Election Law did not give them the power to hear proof of vote fraud or call witnesses, although the wording of their decision implied that they would have invalidated Taylor votes if they had been empowered to do so. Taylor was inaugurated on December 12, 1899. Days later, the Democratic-dominated General Assembly convened in Frankfort. They claimed the power to decide disputed elections, and formed a partisan commission (ten Democrats and one Republican) to examine the election results.\n\nFearing Democrats in the Assembly would \"steal\" the election, armed men came to Frankfort from various areas of the state, primarily Eastern Kentucky, which was heavily Republican. On January 30, Goebel was shot while entering the state capitol building. Taylor declared a state of emergency and called out the militia. He called a special session of the legislature, holding it in heavily Republican London, Kentucky rather than the capital. Democrats refused to heed the call, and met in Democratic-dominated Louisville instead. They certified the election commission's report that disqualified enough Taylor votes for Goebel to be declared the winner of the election. Shortly after being sworn in as governor, Goebel died from the gunshot wound he had received days earlier.\n\nWith Goebel dead, Democrats and Republicans met jointly and drafted a proposal to bring peace. Under terms of the proposal, Taylor and his lieutenant governor, John Marshall, would step down from their offices and be granted immunity from prosecution in the events surrounding the election and Goebel's assassination. The Goebel Election Law would be repealed, and the militia would disperse from Frankfort. Prominent leaders on both sides signed the agreement, but on February 10, 1900, Taylor announced he would not. The legislature convened on February 19, 1900 and agreed to put the election in the hands of the courts.\n\nOn March 10, 1900, the circuit court of Jefferson County upheld the General Assembly's actions that certified Goebel as governor. The case was appealed to the Kentucky Court of Appeals, then the court of last resort in Kentucky. On April 6, 1900, the Court of Appeals ruled 6—1 that Taylor had been legally unseated. Taylor appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, and on May 21, 1900, the Court refused to hear the case. Only Kentuckian John Marshall Harlan dissented from this refusal. With Taylor's legal options exhausted, Goebel's lieutenant governor, J. C. W. Beckham, ascended to the governorship. During his short term as governor, Taylor had done little beyond making a few appointments and issuing a few pardons.\n\nTaylor was indicted as an accessory in the assassination of Goebel. He fled to Indianapolis, where the governor refused to extradite him. At least one attempt to abduct him by force failed in 1901. Despite being pardoned in 1909 by Republican Governor Augustus E. Willson, Taylor seldom returned to Kentucky.\n\nFinancially strapped by the costs of challenging the election, Taylor became an insurance executive and practiced law. Shortly after arriving in Indiana, his wife died. In 1912, he briefly returned to Kentucky to marry Nora A. Myers. The couple returned to Indianapolis and had a son together. Taylor died of heart disease on August 2, 1928, and was buried at the Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis.\n\nSee also\n\nTaylor v. Beckham\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n\nExternal links\n\nTaylor v. Beckham court case at FindLaw\n\n1853 births\n1928 deaths\nRecipients of American gubernatorial pardons\nAmerican Presbyterians\nBurials at Crown Hill Cemetery\nGovernors of Kentucky\nKentucky Attorneys General\nKentucky lawyers\nKentucky Republicans\nPeople from Butler County, Kentucky\nKentucky Greenbacks\nRepublican Party state governors of the United States\nIndiana Republicans\nPeople from Morgantown, Kentucky\n19th-century American lawyers\n19th-century American politicians" ]

[ "William Goebel", "Gubernatorial election of 1899", "In which state was the Gubernatorial election that William Goebel was involved in?", "Louisville -" ]

[ "William Justus Goebel (January 4, 1856 – February 3, 1900) was an American Democratic politician who served as the 34th governor of Kentucky for four days in 1900, having been sworn in on his deathbed a day after being shot by an assassin. Goebel remains the only state governor in the United States to ever be assassinated while in office.\n\nGoebel was born to Wilhelm and Augusta Goebel (), German immigrants from Hanover. He studied at the Hollingsworth Business College in the mid-1870s and became an apprentice in John W. Stevenson's law firm. While Goebel lacked the social qualities like public speaking, which were common to politicians, various authors referred to him as an intellectual man. He served in the Kentucky Senate, campaigning for populist causes like railroad regulation, which won him many allies and supporters. \n\nIn 1895, Goebel engaged in a duel with John Lawrence Sanford, a former Confederate general staff officer turned cashier. According to the witnesses, both men then drew their pistols, but no one was sure who fired first. Sanford was killed; Goebel pled self-defense and was acquitted. \n\nDuring the 1899 Kentucky gubernatorial election, Goebel divided his party with his political tactics to win the nomination for governorship at a time when Kentucky Republicans were gaining strength, having elected the party's first governor four years previously. These dynamics led to a close contest between Goebel and William S. Taylor. In the politically chaotic climate that resulted, Goebel won the election, but was assassinated and died three days in office. Everyone charged in connection with the murder was either acquitted or eventually pardoned, and the identity of his assassin remains unknown.\n\nEarly life\n\nHeritage and career \nWilhelm Justus Goebel was born January 4, 1856, in either Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, or Albany Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, to Wilhelm and Augusta Goebel (), immigrants from Hanover, Germany. The eldest of the four children, he was born two months premature and weighed less than . His father served as a private in Company B, 82nd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War, and Goebel's mother raised her children alone, teaching them much about their German heritage. Wilhelm spoke German until the age of six, but he embraced American culture, adopting the English spelling of his name as \"William\".\n\nAfter being discharged from the army in 1863, Goebel's father moved his family to Covington, Kentucky. Goebel attended school in Covington and was then apprenticed to a jeweler in Cincinnati, Ohio. After a brief time at Hollingsworth Business College in mid 1870s, he became an apprentice in the law firm of John W. Stevenson, who had served as governor of Kentucky from 1867 to 1871. Goebel eventually became Stevenson's partner and executor of his estate. Goebel graduated from Cincinnati Law School in 1877, and enrolled at the Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, before joining the practice of Kentucky state representative John G. Carlisle. He then rejoined Stevenson in Covington in 1883, after the death of Stevenson's previous partner.\n\nPersonal characteristics\nAccording to author James C. Klotter, Goebel was not known as a particularly genial person in public. He belonged to few social organizations and greeted none but his closest friends with a smile or handshake. He was rarely linked romantically with a woman and was the only governor of Kentucky who never married. Journalist Irvin S. Cobb remarked, \"I never saw a man who, physically, so closely suggested the reptilian as this man did.\" Others commented on his \"contemptuous\" lips, \"sharp\" nose, and \"humorless\" eyes. Goebel was not a gifted public speaker, often eschewing flowery imagery and relying on his deep, powerful voice and forceful delivery to drive home his points. Klotter wrote, \"When coupled to somewhat demagogic appeals and to an occasional phrase that stirred emotions, this delivery made for an effective speech, but never more than an average one.\" While lacking in the social qualities common to politicians, one characteristic that served Goebel well in the political arena was his intellect. Goebel was well-read, and supporters and opponents both conceded that his mental prowess was impressive. Cobb concluded that he had never been more impressed with a man's intellect than he had been with Goebel's.\n\nPolitical career\n\nKentucky Senate \n\nIn 1887, James William Bryan vacated his seat in the Kentucky Senate to pursue the office of lieutenant governor. Goebel decided to seek election to the vacant seat representing Covington. He campaigned on the platform of railroad regulation and labor causes. Like Stevenson, he insisted on the right of the people to control chartered corporations. The Union Labor Party had risen to power in the area with a platform similar to Goebel's. However, while Goebel had to stick close to his allies in the Democratic Party, the Union Labor Party courted the votes of both Democrats and Republicans and made the election close, which was decided in Goebel's favor by just 56 votes. During his first term as senator, the State Railroad Commission increased to over $3,000,000 tax evaluation on the property of Louisville and Nashville Railroad. A proposal from pro-railroad legislators in the Kentucky House of Representatives to abolish Kentucky's Railroad Commission was passed and sent to the Senate. Cassius Marcellus Clay responded by proposing a committee to investigate lobbying by the railroad industry. Goebel served on the committee, which uncovered significant violations by the railroad lobby. He also helped defeat the bill to abolish the Railroad Commission in the Senate. These actions increased his popularity and he was elected senator unopposed in 1889 for a full term. Goebel was well able to broker deals with fellow lawmakers and was equally able and willing to break the deals if a better deal came along. His tendency to use the state's political machinery to advance his agenda earned him the nickname \"William the Conqueror\".\n\nGoebel served as a delegate to Kentucky's fourth constitutional convention in 1890, which produced the current Constitution of Kentucky. Despite being a delegate, Goebel showed little interest in participating in the process of creating a new Constitution. The convention was in session for approximately 250 days, but Goebel was present for approximately only 100 days. However, he did secure the inclusion of the Railroad Commission in the new Constitution. As a Constitutional entity, the Commission could only be abolished by an amendment ratified by a popular vote. This effectively protected the Commission from ever being unilaterally dismantled by the General Assembly. Klotter wrote, \"Goebel used the constitution as a vehicle to enact laws which he had not been able to pass in the more conservative legislature.\" Goebel won another term in 1893 by a three-to-one margin over his Republican opponent. By 1894, he had been elected as the President pro tempore of the Kentucky Senate.\n\nDuel with John Sanford\n\nIn 1895, Goebel engaged in what many observers considered to be a duel with John Lawrence Sanford. Sanford, a former Confederate general staff officer turned cashier, had clashed with Goebel before. Goebel's successful campaign to remove tolls from some of Kentucky's turnpikes cost Sanford a large amount of money. Many believed that Sanford had blocked Goebel's appointment to the Kentucky Court of Appeals, in retaliation. Incensed, Goebel had written an article in a local newspaper referring to Sanford as \"Gonorrhea John.\" On April 11, 1895, Goebel and two acquaintances went to Covington to cash a check. Goebel suggested they avoid Sanford's bank, but Sanford, standing outside the bank, spoke to the men before they could cross the street to a different bank. Sanford greeted Goebel's friends, offering them his left hand. However, Goebel noticed that Sanford's right hand was on a pistol concealed in his pocket. Having come armed himself, Goebel clutched his revolver in his pocket. Sanford confronted Goebel and said, \"I understand that you assume authorship of that article.\" \"I do\", replied Goebel.\n\nThe shooting took place at 1:30 p.m. According to the witnesses, both men then drew their pistols, but no one was sure which had fired first. One of the witnesses – W. J. Hendricks, the attorney general of Kentucky, said \"I don't know who shot first, the shots were so close together.\" Another witness, Frank P. Helm, said \"I was right up against them and really thought at first that I had, myself, been shot.\" Sanford's bullet passed through Goebel's coat and ripped his trousers, but left him uninjured. Goebel's shot fatally struck Sanford in the head; Sanford died five hours later. Goebel pled self-defense and was acquitted. The acquittal was significant because the Kentucky constitution prohibited dueling. If Goebel had been convicted of dueling, he would have been ineligible to hold any public office. The shooting made Goebel unpopular among Kentucky's Confederate veterans, who also noted his non-southern background and his father's service in the Union army.\n\nGoebel Election Law\nKentucky Democrats, who controlled the General Assembly believed that county election commissioners had been unfair in selecting local election officials, and had contributed to the election of Republican governor William O. Bradley in 1895. Goebel proposed a bill, known as the \"Goebel Election Law\", which passed along strict party lines and over Governor Bradley's veto, created a three-member state election commission, appointed by the General Assembly, to choose the county election commissioners. It allowed the Democratic-controlled General Assembly to appoint only Democrats to the election commission. Many voters decried the bill as a self-serving attempt by Goebel to increase his political power, and the election board remained a controversial issue until its abolition in a special session of the legislature in 1900. Goebel became the subject of much opposition from constituencies of both parties in Kentucky after the passage of the law.\n\nGubernatorial election of 1899\n\nIn 1896, when William Jennings Bryan electrified the Democratic National Convention with his Cross of Gold speech and won the nomination for president, many delegates from Kentucky bolted the convention. Various Kentuckian politicians believed that free silver was a populist idea, and it did not belong to the Democratic Party. Subsequently, Republican William McKinley won the 1896 presidential election, carrying Kentucky. Author Nicholas C. Burckel believed that this set the stage for \"horripilating gubernatorial election of 1899\". Three men sought the Democratic nomination for governor at the 1899 party convention in Louisville – Goebel, Parker Watkins Hardin, and William Johnson Stone. When Hardin appeared to be the front-runner for the nomination, Stone and Goebel agreed to work together against him. They concluded that Stone's supporters would endorse whomever Goebel picked to preside over the convention. In exchange, half the delegates from Louisville, who were pledged to Goebel, would vote to nominate Stone. Goebel would then drop out of the race, but would name many of the other officials on the ticket. Both men agreed that, should one of them be defeated or withdraw from the race, they would encourage their delegates to vote for the other rather than support Hardin. As word of the plan spread, Hardin dropped out of the race, believing he would be beaten by the Stone–Goebel alliance. When the convention convened on June 24, several chaotic ballots resulted in no clear majority for anyone, and Goebel's hand-picked chairman announced the man with the lowest vote total in the next canvass would be dropped, which turned out to be Stone. This put Stone's supporters in a difficult position, and were forced to choose between Hardin, who was seen as a pawn of the railroads, or Goebel. Enough of them sided with Goebel to give him the nomination. Goebel's tactics, while not illegal, were unpopular and divided the party. A disgruntled faction calling themselves the \"Honest Election Democrats\" held a separate convention in Lexington and nominated John Y. Brown as their gubernatorial candidate. \n\nRepublican William S. Taylor defeated both Democratic candidates in the general election, but his margin over Goebel was only 2,383 votes. Democrats in the General Assembly began making accusations of voting irregularities in some counties, but in a surprise decision, the Board of Elections created by the Goebel Election Law, manned by three hand-picked pro-Goebel Democrats, ruled 2–1 that the disputed ballots should count, saying the law gave them no legal power to reverse the official county results and that under the Kentucky Constitution the power to review the election lay in the General Assembly. The Assembly then invalidated enough Republican ballots to give the election to Goebel. The Assembly's Republican minority was incensed, as were voters in traditionally Republican districts. For several days, the state hovered on the brink of a possible civil war.\n\nAssassination and legacy\n\nShooting and death \nWhile the election results remained in dispute, Goebel, despite being warned of a rumored assassination plot against him, walked flanked by two bodyguards to the Old State Capitol on the morning of January 30, 1900. Reports conflict about what happened, but some five or six shots were fired from the nearby State Building, one striking Goebel in the chest and wounding him seriously. Taylor, serving as governor pending a final decision on the election, called out the militia and ordered the General Assembly into a special session in London, Kentucky – a Republican area. The Republican minority obeyed the call and went to London. Democrats resisted the move, many going instead to Louisville. Both groups claimed authority, but the Republicans were too few to muster a quorum. That evening, the day after being shot, Goebel was sworn in as governor. In his only act, Goebel signed a proclamation to dissolve the militia called up by Taylor, which was ignored by the militia's Republican commander. Despite the care of 18 physicians, Goebel died the afternoon of February 3, 1900. Journalists recalled his last words as \"Tell my friends to be brave, fearless, and loyal to the common people.\" Skeptic Irvin S. Cobb uncovered another story from some in the room at the time. On having eaten his last meal, the governor supposedly remarked \"Doc, that was a damned bad oyster.\" Goebel remains the only American governor ever assassinated while in office. In respect of Goebel's displeasure with the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, his body was transported not by the L&N direct line, but circuitously from his hometown of Covington north across the Ohio River to Cincinnati, and then south to Frankfort on the Queen and Crescent Railroad.\n\nAfter Goebel's death, amid controversy, the Kentucky Court of Appeals ruled that the General Assembly had acted legally in declaring Goebel the winner of the election. That decision was appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States. Arguments were presented in the case Taylor v. Beckham on April 30, 1900, but on May 21, the justices decided 8–1 not to hear the case, allowing the Court of Appeals' decision to stand. Goebel's lieutenant governor J. C. W. Beckham ascended to the governorship.\n\nTrials, investigations, and legacy \nDuring the ensuing assassination investigation, suspicion naturally focused on deposed governor Taylor, who fled to Indianapolis, under the looming threat of indictment. The governor of Indiana refused to extradite Taylor, and he was thus never questioned about his knowledge of the plot to kill Goebel. Taylor was later pardoned in 1909 by Beckham's successor, Republican governor Augustus E. Willson. Sixteen people, including Taylor, were eventually indicted in Goebel's assassination. Three accepted immunity from prosecution in exchange for testimony. Only five ever went to trial, two of those being acquitted. Convictions were handed down against Taylor's Secretary of State Caleb Powers, Henry Youtsey, and Jim Howard. The prosecution charged that Powers was the mastermind, having a political opponent killed so that Taylor could stay in office. Youtsey was an alleged intermediary, and Howard, who was said to have been in Frankfort to seek a pardon from Taylor for the killing of a man in a family feud, was accused of being the actual assassin. Republican appeal courts overturned Powers' and Howard's convictions, though Powers was tried three more times, resulting in two convictions and a hung jury, and Howard was tried and convicted twice more. Both men were pardoned in 1908 by Willson. Youtsey, who received a life imprisonment, did not appeal, but after two years in prison, he turned state's evidence. In Howard's second trial, Youtsey claimed that Taylor had discussed an assassination plot with Youtsey and Howard. He backed the prosecution's claims that Taylor and Powers worked out the details, he acted as an intermediary, and Howard fired the shot. On cross-examination, the defense pointed out contradictions in the details of Youtsey's story, but Howard was still convicted. Youtsey was paroled in 1916 and was pardoned in 1919 by Democratic governor James D. Black. Of those allegedly involved in the killing: Taylor died in 1928; Powers died in 1932; Youtsey died in 1942. Most historians agree that the identity of the assassin of Goebel is unclear. Goebel Avenue in Elkton, Kentucky, and Goebel Park in Covington, Kentucky are named in Goebel's honor.\n\nSee also \n\n History of Kentucky\n List of assassinated American politicians\n List of unsolved murders\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nWorks cited\n\nFurther reading\n\n \n\n1856 births\n1900 deaths\n1900 murders in the United States\n19th-century American politicians\nAmerican people of German descent\nAssassinated American politicians\nBurials at Frankfort Cemetery\nDeaths by firearm in Kentucky\nDemocratic Party state governors of the United States\nAmerican duellists\nGovernors of Kentucky\nKentucky Democrats\nKentucky state senators\nKenyon College alumni\nMale murder victims\nPeople from Carbondale, Pennsylvania\nPeople murdered in Kentucky\nPopulism in the United States\nUniversity of Cincinnati alumni\nUnsolved murders in the United States", "Paul Gordon Goebel (May 28, 1901 – January 26, 1988) was an American football end who played for the University of Michigan Wolverines from 1920 to 1922. He was an All-American in 1921 and was the team's captain in 1922. He played professional football from 1923 to 1926 with the Columbus Tigers, Chicago Bears, and New York Yankees. He was named to the NFL All-Pro team in 1923 and 1924.\n\nAfter his football career ended, he operated a sporting good store in Grand Rapids. He officiated football games for the Big Ten Conference for 16 years and also served in the U.S. Navy on an aircraft carrier in World War II. He was active in Republican Party politics in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and was one of the organizers of a reform movement to oust the city's political boss, Frank McKay. As an anti-McKay reform candidate, Goebel was three times elected mayor of Grand Rapids in the 1950s. He was later elected to the University of Michigan Board of Regents, where he served from 1962 to 1970.\n\nGoebel also played an important role in the career of U.S. President Gerald R. Ford. Goebel was friends with Ford's mother and stepfather and recommended Ford to head football coach Harry Kipke at the University of Michigan. When Ford returned from World War II, Goebel urged him to run for U.S. Congress and was part of the original Ford-for-Congress committee. Goebel was later the chairman of a committee formed in 1960 to name Ford as the Republican Party's Vice Presidential candidate on the ticket with Richard Nixon.\n\nFootball player at the University of Michigan \n\nGoebel enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1919. He studied engineering and received his degree in 1923. While at Michigan, he played football under head coach Fielding H. Yost. He played at the end where he developed a reputation as one of the country's best forward pass receivers and as a tenacious defensive player. At 6-feet, 3-inches, Goebel was a tall player in his era. He started seven games in each of the 1920 and 1921 seasons at right end for the Wolverines, and was limited due to injury to five games in 1922. In 1921, he was chosen as an All-American and was voted the captain of the 1922 team. Goebel also excelled as an honor student in the University's engineering school. Goebel also earned the Big Ten Conference Medal of Honor for proficiency in academics and athletics.\n\nGoebel's steel knee brace \nPrior to the 1922 season, Goebel \"threw out his knee\" and was fitted with a steel hinge – an early version of a knee brace. However, the steel contraption required oiling and overheated when the oil dried, thus limiting Goebel's ability to play a complete game in 1922. One 1922 newspaper article described Goebel's knee brace this way: \"To enable Goebel to play, the Michigan trainers devised a steel brace – a hinge. This apparatus attached above and below the knee gave Goebel fairly good leg action because of the hinge. Before each game, Goebel liberally oiled the hinge to get free action because of the hinge.\" Goebel's playing time was limited because \"the constant action would dry the oil and then the steel would become so hot that Goebel could not continue playing.\" During the 1922 game against Illinois, Goebel's skin was burned by the steel.\n\nDedication Day at Ohio Stadium \nDespite the limitations of the knee brace, Goebel led the Wolverines to victory in the first game played at Ohio Stadium. The official \"Dedication Day\" for the stadium was October 21, 1922, and the opponent was Michigan. Ohio State fans recalled for years afterward how Goebel and his teammate Harry Kipke managed to turn Dedication Day sour for the Buckeyes. Michigan shut out the Buckeyes, 19–0, with Goebel and Kipke scoring all the points. In the first period, Goebel blocked a punt and then kicked a long field goal from the 30-yard line for the game's first points. He also penetrated into the Ohio State backfield in the second quarter to recover a fumble. As the game wore on, the Buckeyes \"seemed to realize (Goebel's) importance in the Michigan lineup because he was forced to take plenty of punishment.\" Football writer Billy Evans described Goebel's performance against Ohio State this way: \n\nNo end in recent years has played a greater game (than) that which Goebel put up against Ohio State. For three periods Goebel was the mainspring of the Michigan eleven. He seemed to be in every play. It was always Goebel who was gumming things up for State. No man could go through an entire game at the speed with which Goebel played in the first three quarters. It was beyond the power of any human being. With a few minutes to play in the third period the big fellow practically collapsed. Even when three or four of his teammates were carrying him off the field the old spirit was still there. He tried to induce his teammates that he was able to play, and tried to break away from their grasp, but the punch was gone and he was forced to give way as the big crowd cheered him to the echo. If any one man made possible the defeat of State by Michigan, it was Captain Paul Goebel. \n\nThe rotunda at Ohio Stadium is painted with maize flowers on a blue background due to the outcome of the 1922 dedication game against, an enduring tribute to Goebel's performance that day. Another writer summed up Goebel's 1922 season: \"Captain Paul Goebel of Michigan has commanded no little attention this season. He is fast and furious. His particular forte lies in his ability to not only plunge in and break up the interference of the opposing team, but after so doing, nail the man with the ball and down him in his tracks.\"\n\nThe tradition of the #1 jersey at Michigan \nGoebel was particularly adept as a pass receiver. A 1923 wire service report in the Capital Times noted that Goebel was \"considered one of the best ends in the country and his work on receiving forward passes hasn't been excelled on the gridiron.\" In what would become a tradition at Michigan 60 years later, Goebel was the first All-American receiver at Michigan to wear the #1 jersey. Others to follow that tradition are Anthony Carter, Derrick Alexander, David Terrell, and Braylon Edwards.\n\nThe death of Bernard Kirk \nAcross the field from right end Goebel, Bernard Kirk played left end for the Wolverines in 1921 and 1922. Kirk was a talented player who was set to graduate with Goebel in 1923. However, Kirk died in an automobile accident on December 17, 1922. Goebel was a pall-bearer along with Harry Kipke, Frank Steketee, and other Michigan football players at Kirk's funeral in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Kirk had been a popular figure, and his funeral was covered widely in the national press, with Michigan Governor Alex Groesbeck, U-M President Marion LeRoy Burton, and the coaches of the Big Ten Conference football teams all in attendance.\n\nGoebel also served years later as a pall bearer at the funeral of his coach, Fielding H. Yost, in August 1946.\n\nProfessional football \nIn February 1923, Goebel refused an offer to become the head football coach at Wichita State University (then known as Fairmount College), saying he planned to enter the engineering profession after graduation. Instead, Goebel opted to play professional football. He played professional football for the Columbus Tigers from 1923–1925, the Chicago Bears in 1925, and the New York Yankees (the football team) in 1926. In his first year in the NFL, Goebel played in all ten of the team's games for the Columbus Tigers and was named to the All-Pro Team. He threw one touchdown pass and caught another. He was credited with eight points scored including two extra points.\n\nIn 1924, Goebel was again selected as an All-Pro player with the Tigers, playing in ten games, making two touchdown receptions, and returning a fumble for a touchdown. In all, he was credited with three touchdowns and 18 points in 1924. While playing end for the Columbus Tigers in 1924, Goebel was involved in one of the oddest plays in NFL history. Goebel was the intended receiver of a forward pass, but the ball popped out of his arms and was snatched out of the air by Oscar Knop of the Chicago Bears. Knop began running for the goal line with the ball, but he was running the wrong way toward a safety. After running 30 yards, Knop was caught from behind and tackled by his teammate Ed Healey on the four-yard line.\n\nIn 1926, Goebel played for the Yankees alongside Red Grange. After the close of the 1926 football season, he went to Los Angeles where he took a minor role in Grange's latest film. In May 1927, Goebel announced his retirement from professional football. He said he would devote his time to the sporting goods store he operated in Grand Rapids. Goebel had been playing professional football every season since he finished at Michigan.\n\nFootball official and sporting good businessman \nAfter retiring from professional football, Goebel worked in his sporting good business in Grand Rapids, and also worked during football season as a game official for the Big Ten Conference. For 16 years between 1935 and 1952, he was a Big Ten football official. He also officiated in Rose Bowl, Notre Dame, and Army-Navy games.\n\nGoebel played a role in a famous Ohio State-Illinois game on November 13, 1943. The game was Paul Brown's last game as coach of the Buckeyes. With the score tied 26–26, Ohio State threw an incomplete forward pass into the end zone as the gun sounded. The game appeared to have ended in a tie, the teams left the field, and the stands emptied. However, Ohio State assistant coach Ernie Godfrey had noticed Goebel, who was the head linesman, drop a handkerchief to signal a penalty. On hearing the gun sound, Goebel had picked up the handkerchief and put it back in his back pocket. Godfrey confronted Goebel, who conceded that Illinois was offsides. Twenty minutes later, the teams came back onto the field and the Buckeyes kicked a 33-yard field goal to give Coach Brown a 29–26 win in his final game.\n\nDuring World War II, Goebel served in the U.S. Navy as Lieutenant Commander on an aircraft carrier. His final game as an official was the 1952 Rose Bowl between Illinois and Stanford, in which he was the head linesman.\n\nGoebel was also a fisherman, winning the title of Trout King at the National Trout Festival in 1949.\n\nRelationship with Gerald R. Ford \n\nGoebel was a friend of Gerald R. Ford's mother and stepfather in Grand Rapids. Goebel played an important role in guiding Ford to the University of Michigan. When Ford graduated from Grand Rapids South High School, Goebel recognized Ford's ability as a football player and recommended him to his former teammate Harry Kipke, who had taken over as Michigan's head football coach. Kipke recruited Ford, who became Michigan's Most Valuable Player in 1934.\n\nIn 1940, Goebel was part of a citizen's group in Grand Rapids seeking to overthrow Grand Rapids' political boss, Frank McKay. McKay had dismissed Ford's political interest in 1940, and this led to a long political alliance between Goebel and Ford. Ford went to work with Goebel as part of the anti-McKay citizen's group. Together, they organized the \"Home Front,\" the purpose of which was to throw out Boss McKay. Ford was elected president of the organization, his first experience in political organizing.\n\nFord and Goebel both served in the U.S. Navy during World War II, and after the war, Ford urged Goebel to run for Congress against the incumbent, an isolationist named Barney Jonkman. Goebel declined to run, but suggested to Ford that, \"if you think he ought to be beaten, why don't you run?\" Ford did run for Congress in 1948, and Goebel was one of his close circle of early supporters, the original Ford-for-Congress group. Ford won the election and won re-election for twelve more terms. In 1960, Goebel was a leader in the movement to nominate Ford as the Vice Presidential candidate on the ticket with Richard Nixon, serving as Chairman of the \"Ford for Vice President Committee\" at the Republican National Convention in Chicago.\n\nWhen Goebel's son, Paul G. Goebel, Jr., ran for Ford's Congressional seat in 1974, then President Ford returned to Grand Rapids to campaign for Goebel's son. Ford delivered a speech at Calvin College in Grand Rapids the week before the election in which he said: \"Paul Goebel I have known since he was just a lad. His dad knew me when I was back at South High—an inspired if not very competent football player. But I have known the Goebel family a long time, and they are strong and they are tall, and they are the kind of people who are dedicated to public service. Paul, Jr.'s, father was; Paul, Jr., himself is. And I have seen nothing but the finest in that family, and young Paul, he epitomizes all the great characteristics of that family.\"\n\nPolitical career\n\nMayor of Grand Rapids \nGoebel himself ran for office in 1950. He ran for mayor of Grand Rapids as part of the same anti-McKay reform movement that brought Gerald Ford to office. According to one newspaper account, Goebel \"spearheaded a reform movement which brought him into office in 1950,\" ousting incumbent George W. Welsh, who had been elected mayor five times and also served as the state's lieutenant governor. At the time, Goebel was the partner in a sporting goods store and was described in the press as tall and rangy, a candidate \"who looks like a blond Abraham Lincoln without a beard.\" Goebel was re-elected in 1952 for a second two-year term. In October 1953, Goebel announced he would not run for a third term, saying he had no further political ambitions and would devote his time to his family and business. Within a short time, however, he changed his mind and ran for a third term with the support of the reformist Citizens Action Group. In February 1954, Goebel received the most votes of any candidate in his third race for mayor (19,564 for Goebel to 10,831 for George Veldman), but he failed to secure a majority, and a runoff was held. Veldman defeated Goebel in the runoff by a margin of 203 votes. Goebel requested a recount, but he was unsuccessful. In 1956, he won re-election as mayor of Grand Rapids and served a final term from 1956–1958. In 1957, Goebel was included in published lists of potential candidates to run as the Republican candidate for governor. In January 1958, Goebel announced that he would not seek re-election as mayor. He said he had no plans to seek another political office.\n\nUniversity of Michigan Board of Regents \nIn 1962, Goebel returned to politics, winning a seat on the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan, where he served from 1962–1970. In 1968, the Regents voted to eliminate curfews for all women students in residence halls and to allow each housing unit to set its own visitation hours. Goebel was the sole dissenter, saying: \"If my judgment is proved wrong, no one will be happier than I.\" In July 1970, Goebel announced that he would retire from the Regents at the end of his term on December 31, 1970. At age 69, he said the expected strain of another campaign influenced his decision.\n\nOther civic and political roles \nThrough the 1950s and 1960s, Goebel also occupied himself with other civic and political projects, including serving as a member of the YMCA International World Service Committee in the 1960s, representing Governor George Romney and the State of Michigan at the 1965 Rose Bowl game, acting as chairman of the national committee of the University of Michigan in the mid-1960s to raise $55 million, acting as a delegate to Republican National Convention in 1956 and a delegate to Michigan state constitutional convention from 1961–1962, and serving as a member of Michigan Republican State Central Committee in 1969. He was also a member of the State of Michigan Higher Education Assistance Authority, Chairman of the State of Michigan Board of Ethics, Director of the U-M National Alumni Association and President of the Varsity \"M\" Club. Goebel was a Congregationalist and a member of the Freemasons, the Rotary Club, and Tau Beta Pi.\n\nFamily \nGoebel's wife, Margaret Goebel, was a graduate nurse, a columnist for a Grand Rapids newspaper, and Chairman of Governor George Romney's Commission on the Status of Women. She also worked with the Grand Rapids Red Cross, the Council on World Affairs, the Urban League and was appointed by President Kennedy in 1962 to the Civil Defense Advisory Council. Goebel and his wife had two children. Their son Paul G. Goebel, Jr., was an aide to Rep. Gerald R. Ford and Vice President Richard M. Nixon. Paul Gobel, Jr., also operated an insurance business in Grand Rapids known as the Paul Goebel group.\n\nHonors and accolades \nGoebel's honors over the years include the following:\n Selected as an All-American in 1921.\n Voted captain of the 1922 Michigan Wolverines football team.\n Named to the NFL \"All-Pro\" team in 1923 and 1924.\n In 1968, several donors made gifts to the University of Michigan College of Engineering to establish an endowed chair for the Paul G. Goebel Professor of Engineering. The gifts came from donors who sought to honor Goebel for his contributions to the University. In April 1993, Yoram Koren was named as the Goebel Professor of Engineering.\n In 1971, Goebel was given the Distinguished Alumni Service Award. The award, which is presented annually, recognizes alumni who have distinguished themselves \"by reason of services performed on behalf of the University of Michigan, or in connection with its organized alumni activities.\" The Distinguished Alumni Service Award is the highest honor the Alumni Association can bestow upon an alumna/us on behalf of the University.\n Inducted into Grand Rapids Sports Hall of Fame in 1971.\n In 1984, Goebel was the fourth recipient of the Ufer Award. Since 1981, the Ufer Award has been presented each year to a Letterwinners \"M\" Club member in recognition for his or her outstanding service to the University of Michigan Athletic Program.\n Inducted into the University of Michigan Hall of Honor in 1981. Only seven football players (Bennie Oosterbaan, Gerald Ford, Tom Harmon, Willie Heston, Germany Schulz, Ron Kramer, and Benny Friedman) were inducted into the Hall of Honor before Goebel.\n The U-M Club of Grand Rapids each year awards the Paul G. Goebel, Sr., Distinguished Alumni in Athletic Awards. Past recipients include Julius Franks.\n\nSee also \n 1922 College Football All-America Team\n University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor\n List of mayors of Grand Rapids, Michigan\n List of Michigan Wolverines football All-Americans\n Board of Regents of the University of Michigan\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n Bentley Library Profile and Photograph of Paul Goebel\n Political Graveyard Profile of Paul Goebel\n\n1901 births\n1988 deaths\nAmerican football ends\nMichigan Wolverines football players\nColumbus Tigers players\nNew York Yankees (AFL) players\nMayors of Grand Rapids, Michigan\nMichigan Republicans\nRegents of the University of Michigan\nPlayers of American football from Grand Rapids, Michigan\n20th-century American politicians" ]

[ "William Goebel", "Gubernatorial election of 1899", "In which state was the Gubernatorial election that William Goebel was involved in?", "Louisville -", "Who was Goebel's opponent in this race?", "Wat Hardin, and William J. Stone." ]

[ "The People's Party of Korea (, ) was a moderate left-wing political party created on November 12, 1945 by Lyuh Woon-Hyung. The People's Party did not claim to exclusively represent a particular class; instead, it tried to represent the entire Korean people. As the Soviet-US Committee failed in 1946, a faction within the People's Party called forty-eighters left the party and formed the Workers Party of South Korea (남조선로동당), in a coalition with Communist Party of South Korea (조선공산당) and New People's Party (신민당). The People's Party dissolved soon thereafter, and Lyuh later formed the Socialist Labourer's Party (사회로동당).\n\nHistory\n\nBackground\n\nActivities\t\nThey propelled the \"Left-Right Coalition Movement in Korean peninsula\" (좌우합작운동)\n\nDissolution\n\nReferences\n\nDefunct political parties in Korea\nSocialist parties in Korea\nPolitical parties established in 1945", "The Ta'ang National Party (; abbreviated TNP), also known as the Ta'arng (Palaung) National Party, is a political party in Myanmar (Burma). The party was founded on 24 May 2010 to contest the 2010 general election, but did not participate in the 2012 by-election. The party seeks to represent the Ta'ang people (also known as the Palaung people) in the parliament of Myanmar.\n\nReferences\n\nPolitical parties in Myanmar\nPolitical parties established in 2010\n2010 establishments in Myanmar" ]

[ "William Goebel", "Gubernatorial election of 1899", "In which state was the Gubernatorial election that William Goebel was involved in?", "Louisville -", "Who was Goebel's opponent in this race?", "Wat Hardin, and William J. Stone.", "Which political party did William J. Stone represent?", "Democratic nomination for governor" ]

[ "Justus Goebel, Sr. (July 21, 1858 – March 11, 1919) of Covington, Kentucky was a Kentucky delegate to the 1912 Democratic National Convention and a tax-reform advocate. He was president of Lowry & Goebel.\n\nBiography\nHe was born on July 21, 1858 in Carbondale, Pennsylvania to Wilhelm Goebel and Augusta Groenkle. He had brothers William J. Goebel and Arthur Goebel and sister Minnie Goebel Braunecker.\n\nHe married Elizabeth Reynolds and they had three children, Lieutenant Justus Goebel II; Captain William Arthur Goebel, who both served in the American Expeditionary Forces; and Lilie Goebel Heusch, of Columbus, Ohio.\n\nCareer\nGoebel was a co-owner of the Lowry & Goebel carpet company.\n\nA tax attorney, he was an advocate of tax reform in Kentucky and advocated for reevaluation of corporate assets. In a speech after his brother's assassination in 1900, Gobel accused corporate interests of being behind the crime and demanded that \"The guilty in high places be uncovered, and justice be done to them.\"\n\nHis brother died in 1900, and in 1901 Goebel was indicted for bribery. In 1910 he moved to near Phoenix, Arizona for health reasons.\n\nHe was a delegate to the 1912 Democratic National Convention from Kentucky. He died on March 11, 1919 in Cincinnati, Ohio.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1857 births\n1919 deaths\nPeople from Covington, Kentucky\nLawyers from Phoenix, Arizona\nKentucky Democrats\n19th-century American lawyers", "Parker Watkins (\"Wat\") Hardin (June 3, 1841 – July 25, 1920) was a politician from the U.S. state of Kentucky. From 1879 to 1888, he served as Attorney General of Kentucky. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Kentucky in 1891, 1895 and 1899.\n\nEarly life\nParker Watkins Hardin was born in Adair County, Kentucky. He was the second child of Parker C. and Carolina (Watkins) Hardin. His father was the nephew of Congressman Benjamin Hardin and served in the Kentucky Senate from 1840 to 1848. Known to friends as \"P. Wat,\" \"Watt,\" \"P. W.,\" \"Parker,\" and sometimes \"Polly Wolly\", the younger Hardin was educated in the schools of Adair County, then studied law with his father.\n\nIn December 1864, Hardin married Mary E. Sallee. The couple had four children. The following year, he was admitted to the bar of Columbia, the county seat of Adair County. He formed a law partnership with his brother, Charles A. Hardin, in the city of Harrodsburg, Kentucky.\n\nPolitical career\nHardin's political career began in 1865 when he was elected city attorney for the city of Danville, Kentucky. In 1879, state Democrats nominated him for attorney general. A polished orator, he stumped for Democratic gubernatorial candidate Luke P. Blackburn when Blackburn became ill during the campaign. Despite Blackburn's illness, the entire Democratic slate was elected.\n\nHardin was re-nominated in 1883 on a Democratic slate that included J. Proctor Knott for governor against Republican Thomas Z. Morrow. Morrow's brother-in-law, William O. Bradley, was one of the Republican Party's strongest speakers, and he vigorously attacked the record of previous Democratic administrations, particularly that of Governor Blackburn. Hardin defended Blackburn's administration in a speech that drew heavy praise from Louisville Courier-Journal editor Henry Watterson. Watterson reprinted Hardin's entire speech in the Courier-Journal. Once again, the entire Democratic slate was elected by a large majority.\n\nGubernatorial election of 1891\nHardin was re-elected as attorney general 1887. In 1891, he was one of four men who sought the Democratic gubernatorial nomination. The others were ex-Confederate John Y. Brown, Cassius Clay, Jr. (nephew of the noted abolitionist), and Dr. John Daniel Clardy, a member of Kentucky's Farmers' Alliance. In the Democratic nominating convention, Brown led the field with 275 votes to Clay's 264, Clardy's 190, and Hardin's 186. Clay and Clardy split the votes of the state's agricultural interests, while Hardin and Clardy divided the free silver votes.\n\nThe vote count changed little over the next nine ballots, although Hardin moved ahead of Clardy. After the tenth ballot, the convention chair announced that the candidate with the fewest votes would be dropped. That turned out to be Clardy, and his delegates split their votes nearly equally among the remaining three candidates. On the next vote, Hardin was dropped. His delegates supported Brown, who won the nomination on the thirteenth ballot. Brown went on to win the governorship over candidates from the Republican, Populist, and Prohibition parties.\n\nGubernatorial election of 1895\nDemocrats entered the 1895 gubernatorial election badly split over the question of free silver. Party leaders John G. Carlisle, Henry Watterson, and William Lindsay were all advocates of sound money principles. At the party's nominating convention, these leaders succeeded in getting the party to adopt a platform that included a sound money plank. Nevertheless, the delegates chose Hardin, a free silver supporter, as their gubernatorial candidate over Cassius Clay, Jr., a sound money supporter. Historian James C. Klotter attributes the choice of Hardin to the candidate's overwhelming personal popularity.\n\nSeeing the split in the Democratic ranks over the money question, Republicans, having never won the governorship of Kentucky before, put forth their strongest candidate, William O. Bradley, to oppose Hardin. The Populist Party also put forth a strong candidate, Thomas Pettit of Owensboro. The major party candidates agreed to a series of debates across the state. The first debate was held in Louisville on August 19, 1895. Hardin opened the debate with an attack on the Republican Party for its \"carpetbagger despotism\" during Reconstruction. Though pro-Southern oratory had long been a campaign tactic of Democratic candidates, Hardin was shocked by a heckler who cried out \"The war is over; give us something else.\" The comment shocked Hardin, and the rest of his performance in the debate was affected. Even sympathetic newspapers admitted that his usual glowing oratory had failed him.\n\nDespite the official party platform in favor of the gold standard, Hardin threw his support to the free silver position early in the race, believing he needed to do so to keep the party's rural agrarians from bolting to the Republicans. The strategy backfired as conservative Democrats abandoned the party. Sitting Democratic governor Brown refused to campaign for Hardin, and the Populist Party also ran Thomas S. Pettit, who siphoned off votes for Hardin. Republican Bradley also gained some Democratic votes from the American Protective Association, a secret fraternal group opposed to Catholics and immigrants. In the general election, Hardin lost to Bradley 172,436 to 163,524.\n\nGubernatorial election of 1899\n\nHardin was among three men who sought the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1899. The others were former congressman William Johnson Stone and state senator William Goebel. Hardin was the early favorite to win the nomination. He was supported by the powerful Louisville and Nashville (L&N) Railroad and by Louisville political boss John Henry Whallen. His free silver views helped him with the state's populist voters, but Stone, from rural western Kentucky, was also courting those voters. Stone had an additional advantage among this group because he was not associated with a large corporation like the L&N. Goebel primarily had his support among the state's urban areas.\n\nJust prior to the nominating convention, representatives for Goebel and Stone met to negotiate a deal whereby they could overcome the front-runner, Hardin. Goebel agreed to instruct half of his delegates from Louisville to vote for Stone in exchange for Stone's support of his choice of convention chairman. The two sides further agreed that if their candidate was defeated or withdrew, their delegates would support the other and not Hardin.\n\nThe convention opened on June 21, 1899 in Louisville's Music Hall. Stone supporter Ollie M. James nominated Judge David B. Redwine for chairman. When Urey Woodson, a Goebel supporter, seconded the nomination, the deal between the two men became apparent to all. Hardin supporters nominated William H. Sweeney of Marion County, but Sweeney was defeated by a vote of 551 to 529. Hardin incurred a further disadvantage when only four of his supporters were named to the thirteen-member committee on credentials. This committee would decide which delegates would be allowed to vote from delegations that were contested.\n\nThe following day, the credentials committee issued its report, which shifted 159 votes from Hardin to Goebel and Stone. Chairman Redwine only allowed uncontested delegations to vote on the committee's report, which was approved 441 to 328. This series of procedural defeats discouraged Hardin, and he announced his withdrawal from the race. As voting began, some Hardin delegates refused to acknowledge his withdrawal and voted for him anyway. When the Louisville delegation voted, they cast all their votes for Goebel instead of splitting them with Stone, as had been agreed earlier by the two men. At the end of the balloting, the vote was 520 for Goebel, 428 for Stone, and 126 for Hardin.\n\nSeeing the collapse of the Stone-Goebel deal, Hardin supporters returned to their candidate on the second ballot, and they were joined by some outraged Stone supporters and even some of Goebel's delegates who were angered by his turnabout. The result of the second ballot was 395 for Stone, 359 for Hardin, and 330 for Goebel. Ten more ballots were taken before the convention adjourned for the day. The voting on the last ballot was 376 for Stone, 365 for Hardin, and 346 for Goebel.\n\nThe delegates did not convene on June 23 (a Sunday), but gathered to resume voting on Monday, June 24. The hall was packed with delegates and non-delegates; angered by Goebel's tactics and Redwine's biased rulings, both groups sang, shouted, and blew horns to disrupt the proceedings. Redwine attempted to take a roll call vote, but the noise made communication nearly impossible. Many delegations refused to vote under such conditions. Redwine announced a vote of 352 for Goebel, 261 for Stone, and 67 for Hardin, and declared Goebel the winner because he received a majority of the votes cast. Goebel declined to accept the nomination with anything less than a majority of the delegates present. Unable to proceed further, the convention adjourned for the day.\n\nWhen the delegates gathered on June 25, both Stone and Hardin called for the convention to adjourn sine die, but Redwine ruled the motion out of order. This decision was appealed, but Redwine ruled the appeal out of order. The raucous delegates promised not to disrupt the proceedings and accept the result of the day's voting. Seven more ballots were cast, and the vote stood at 398 for Stone, 355 for Hardin, and 328 for Goebel. Finally, the delegates adopted a resolution to drop the candidate with the fewest votes after the twenty-fifth ballot. The result of this ballot was 389 for Goebel, 382 for Hardin, and 319 for Stone. Stone was dropped, and on the next ballot, Goebel was nominated by a vote of 561 to 529.\n\nFollowing the convention, Hardin made no comment on Goebel or his nomination by the convention. Some discontent delegates began calls for a new convention, although there is no evidence that Hardin or Stone directly played any part in the organization of such a convention. Neither Hardin nor Stone gave Goebel much active support in the governor's race, and the election was won by Republican William S. Taylor.\n\nLater life\nHardin died of pneumonia in Richmond, Virginia at the age of 79. He was buried in Frankfort Cemetery in Frankfort, Kentucky.\n\nReferences\n\nKentucky Attorneys General\nKentucky Democrats\nKentucky lawyers\nPeople from Adair County, Kentucky\nBurials at Frankfort Cemetery\nDeaths from pneumonia in Virginia\n1841 births\n1920 deaths\n19th-century American lawyers" ]

[ "William Goebel", "Gubernatorial election of 1899", "In which state was the Gubernatorial election that William Goebel was involved in?", "Louisville -", "Who was Goebel's opponent in this race?", "Wat Hardin, and William J. Stone.", "Which political party did William J. Stone represent?", "Democratic nomination for governor", "Did William Goebel win the race?", "The Assembly then invalidated enough Republican ballots to give the election to Goebel." ]

[ "Democracy Docket is a Democratic Party voting advocacy group. The group was founded in 2020 by lawyer Marc Elias with funding from the Hopewell Fund and Priorities USA Action.\n\nElias launched Democracy Docket on March 5, 2020, with the stated goal of educating the public on voting rights and redistricting litigation. Elias was concerned that the Republican Party would have a newfound freedom in its efforts, as a court order prohibiting the party from past voter suppression tactics had expired. Writing that, in one Republican leader's words, the GOP planned to sue Democrats \"into oblivion and spend whatever is necessary,\" Elias envisioned Democracy Docket as a platform to raise awareness and support efforts to defend election rules and results from Republican lawsuits in what was anticipated to be a close presidential election.\n\nDemocracy Docket has focused on making absentee voting more accessible, arguing that postage for mail-in ballots must be free or prepaid by the government, that ballots postmarked on or before election day must count, that signature matching laws should be reformed, and that community organizations should be permitted to help collect and deliver voted, sealed ballots.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \nElection and voting-related organizations based in the United States\nPolitical advocacy groups in the United States", "Elections were held in Illinois on Tuesday, November 8, 1988.\n\nPrimaries were held on March 15.\n\nElection information\n\nTurnout\nTurnout during the primary was 42.56%, with 2,552,932 ballots cast (with 1,588,438 Democratic ballots, 899,153 Republican ballots, 418 Illinois Solidarity, and 34,923 nonpartisan ballots cast).\n\nTurnout during the general election was 73.89%, 4,697,192 ballots cast.\n\nStraight-ticket voting\nIllinois had a straight-ticket voting option in 1988.\n\nFederal elections\n\nUnited States President\n\nIllinois voted for Republican ticket of George H. W. Bush and Dan Quayle.\n\nThis was the sixth consecutive election in which the state had voted for the Republican ticket in a presidential election. As of the 2016 election, it is also the last time that the state has voted for the Republican ticket.\n\nUnited States House\n\nAll of Illinois' 22 congressional seats were up for reelection in 1988.\n\nState elections\n\nState Senate\nSome of the seats of the Illinois Senate were up for election in 1988. Democrats retained control of the chamber.\n\nState House of Representatives\nAll of the seats in the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 1988. Democrats retained control of the chamber.\n\nTrustees of University of Illinois\n\nA regularly-scheduled election was held for three of nine seats for Trustees of University of Illinois system for full six-year terms, while a special election was held to fill an additional seat for a partial term.\n\nRegular election\nAn election was held for three of nine seats for Trustees of University of Illinois system for six-year terms.\n\nThe election saw the election of new three new trustees, Republicans Donald W. Grabowski and Judith Reese as well as Democrat Ken Boyle.\n\nFirst-term incumbent Democrat Albert N. Logan lost reelection.\n\nThird-term incumbent Democrats George W. Howard III and William D. Forsyth Jr. were not nominated for reelection.\n\nSpecial election\nA special election was held to fill the trustee seat left vacant by Democrat Anne E. Smith. Smith's unexpired term would end in 1991. The seat was filled by the interim appointment of Republican Paul R. Cicero. He was defeated by Democrat Gloria Jackson Bacon. \n\nTurnout in the special election was 60.60%.\n\nJudicial elections\nMultiple judicial positions were up for election in 1988.\n\nBallot measures\nIllinois voters voted on several ballot measures in 1988. In order to be approved, measures required either 60% support among those specifically voting on the measure or 50% support among all ballots cast in the elections.\n\nRedemption Period for Tax Delinquent Property Amendment\nThe Illinois Redemption Period for Tax Delinquent Property Amendment, a legislatively referred constitutional amendment which would amend Article IX, Section 8 of the Constitution of Illinois to modify the redemption period on the sale of a tax delinquent property, failed to meet either threshold to amend the constitution. It only missed the threshold of 60% of votes cast specifically on the measure by a mere 0.87% margin (21,960 votes).\n\nVoting Requirement Amendment \nVoters approved the Voting Requirement Amendment, a legislatively referred constitutional amendment which amended Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Illinois to lower the voting age in the state constitution to 18 and lower the residency requirement to vote to 30 days.\n\nThe voting age in Illinois was already 18, due to the passage of the Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. However, the voting age in the state constitution (superseded by United States Constitution) was still 21.\n\nProposed call for a Constitutional Convention\nA measure which would call for a state constitutional convention failed. Article XIV of the Constitution of Illinois requires that Illinois voters be asked at least every 20 years if they desire a constitutional convention, thus this election was an automatic ballot referral. It was constitutionally required to be held, since the last vote on holding a constitutional convention had occurred in 1968.\n\nLocal elections\nLocal elections were held. These included county elections, such as the Cook County elections.\n\nReferences\n\n \nIllinois" ]

[ "William Goebel", "Gubernatorial election of 1899", "In which state was the Gubernatorial election that William Goebel was involved in?", "Louisville -", "Who was Goebel's opponent in this race?", "Wat Hardin, and William J. Stone.", "Which political party did William J. Stone represent?", "Democratic nomination for governor", "Did William Goebel win the race?", "The Assembly then invalidated enough Republican ballots to give the election to Goebel.", "Was there a voting scandal involving Republican ballots?", "ruled 2-1 that the disputed ballots should count," ]

[ "The Flinders Deal was a deal created in 1918 between the major political parties of the time to introduce a system of preferential voting for use on a federal level for the House of Representatives in Australia. The deal was introduced as an attempt by the Hughes Government to prevent the right-of-centre parties from splitting their support to the benefit of the Labor party.\n\nThe deal receives its name from the by-election responsible for its creation. In 1918 the Victorian electorate of Flinders had a by-election after the resignation of Nationalist MP Sir William Irvine. The Victorian Farmers Union had proposed to run a spoiler candidate to stop the Nationalist Party candidate, Stanley Bruce from winning the election. To prevent this, the Nationalist party formed a deal with the Victorian Farmers Union to introduce preferential voting so long as the Victorian Farmers Union party did not run a candidate. The Victorian Farmers Union kept to the agreement and in October of 1918, after witnessing the devastating affects to the Nationalist Party vote at the Swan by-election, the Hughes government swiftly introduced preferential voting which allowed for the first Victorian Farmers Union candidate to be elected to the House of Representatives on preferences, despite having 4000 fewer primary votes than the Labor candidate James Scullin.\n\nReferences \n\nPolitical history of Australia\n1918 in Australia", "The Central Labor Union of New York, Brooklyn, and New Jersey was an early trade union organization that later broke up into various locals, which are now AFL–CIO members. The establishment of the CLU predates the consolidation of New York City (1897) by nearly two decades and is best known as the organization that created the American Labor Day holiday. Organized in 1867, it later spread to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The union was firmly Marxist in orientation and was the first integrated labor union in the United States.\n\nPolitics\nClosely linked to the Central Labor Union was the United Labor Party. Henry George was its candidate for Mayor of New York City in 1886 but lost the race by a wide margin.\n\nSee also\n Knights of Labor\n May Day\n Peter J. McGuire, 19th century labor leader\n Bolton Hall (activist), opposed War with Spain at Central Labor Union meeting\n\nDefunct trade unions in the United States\nDefunct American political movements\n1867 establishments in the United States\n1880s in the United States\nTrade unions established in 1867" ]

[ "William Goebel", "Gubernatorial election of 1899", "In which state was the Gubernatorial election that William Goebel was involved in?", "Louisville -", "Who was Goebel's opponent in this race?", "Wat Hardin, and William J. Stone.", "Which political party did William J. Stone represent?", "Democratic nomination for governor", "Did William Goebel win the race?", "The Assembly then invalidated enough Republican ballots to give the election to Goebel.", "Was there a voting scandal involving Republican ballots?", "ruled 2-1 that the disputed ballots should count,", "Did the Union Labor party have a candidate in this race?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Parker Watkins (\"Wat\") Hardin (June 3, 1841 – July 25, 1920) was a politician from the U.S. state of Kentucky. From 1879 to 1888, he served as Attorney General of Kentucky. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Kentucky in 1891, 1895 and 1899.\n\nEarly life\nParker Watkins Hardin was born in Adair County, Kentucky. He was the second child of Parker C. and Carolina (Watkins) Hardin. His father was the nephew of Congressman Benjamin Hardin and served in the Kentucky Senate from 1840 to 1848. Known to friends as \"P. Wat,\" \"Watt,\" \"P. W.,\" \"Parker,\" and sometimes \"Polly Wolly\", the younger Hardin was educated in the schools of Adair County, then studied law with his father.\n\nIn December 1864, Hardin married Mary E. Sallee. The couple had four children. The following year, he was admitted to the bar of Columbia, the county seat of Adair County. He formed a law partnership with his brother, Charles A. Hardin, in the city of Harrodsburg, Kentucky.\n\nPolitical career\nHardin's political career began in 1865 when he was elected city attorney for the city of Danville, Kentucky. In 1879, state Democrats nominated him for attorney general. A polished orator, he stumped for Democratic gubernatorial candidate Luke P. Blackburn when Blackburn became ill during the campaign. Despite Blackburn's illness, the entire Democratic slate was elected.\n\nHardin was re-nominated in 1883 on a Democratic slate that included J. Proctor Knott for governor against Republican Thomas Z. Morrow. Morrow's brother-in-law, William O. Bradley, was one of the Republican Party's strongest speakers, and he vigorously attacked the record of previous Democratic administrations, particularly that of Governor Blackburn. Hardin defended Blackburn's administration in a speech that drew heavy praise from Louisville Courier-Journal editor Henry Watterson. Watterson reprinted Hardin's entire speech in the Courier-Journal. Once again, the entire Democratic slate was elected by a large majority.\n\nGubernatorial election of 1891\nHardin was re-elected as attorney general 1887. In 1891, he was one of four men who sought the Democratic gubernatorial nomination. The others were ex-Confederate John Y. Brown, Cassius Clay, Jr. (nephew of the noted abolitionist), and Dr. John Daniel Clardy, a member of Kentucky's Farmers' Alliance. In the Democratic nominating convention, Brown led the field with 275 votes to Clay's 264, Clardy's 190, and Hardin's 186. Clay and Clardy split the votes of the state's agricultural interests, while Hardin and Clardy divided the free silver votes.\n\nThe vote count changed little over the next nine ballots, although Hardin moved ahead of Clardy. After the tenth ballot, the convention chair announced that the candidate with the fewest votes would be dropped. That turned out to be Clardy, and his delegates split their votes nearly equally among the remaining three candidates. On the next vote, Hardin was dropped. His delegates supported Brown, who won the nomination on the thirteenth ballot. Brown went on to win the governorship over candidates from the Republican, Populist, and Prohibition parties.\n\nGubernatorial election of 1895\nDemocrats entered the 1895 gubernatorial election badly split over the question of free silver. Party leaders John G. Carlisle, Henry Watterson, and William Lindsay were all advocates of sound money principles. At the party's nominating convention, these leaders succeeded in getting the party to adopt a platform that included a sound money plank. Nevertheless, the delegates chose Hardin, a free silver supporter, as their gubernatorial candidate over Cassius Clay, Jr., a sound money supporter. Historian James C. Klotter attributes the choice of Hardin to the candidate's overwhelming personal popularity.\n\nSeeing the split in the Democratic ranks over the money question, Republicans, having never won the governorship of Kentucky before, put forth their strongest candidate, William O. Bradley, to oppose Hardin. The Populist Party also put forth a strong candidate, Thomas Pettit of Owensboro. The major party candidates agreed to a series of debates across the state. The first debate was held in Louisville on August 19, 1895. Hardin opened the debate with an attack on the Republican Party for its \"carpetbagger despotism\" during Reconstruction. Though pro-Southern oratory had long been a campaign tactic of Democratic candidates, Hardin was shocked by a heckler who cried out \"The war is over; give us something else.\" The comment shocked Hardin, and the rest of his performance in the debate was affected. Even sympathetic newspapers admitted that his usual glowing oratory had failed him.\n\nDespite the official party platform in favor of the gold standard, Hardin threw his support to the free silver position early in the race, believing he needed to do so to keep the party's rural agrarians from bolting to the Republicans. The strategy backfired as conservative Democrats abandoned the party. Sitting Democratic governor Brown refused to campaign for Hardin, and the Populist Party also ran Thomas S. Pettit, who siphoned off votes for Hardin. Republican Bradley also gained some Democratic votes from the American Protective Association, a secret fraternal group opposed to Catholics and immigrants. In the general election, Hardin lost to Bradley 172,436 to 163,524.\n\nGubernatorial election of 1899\n\nHardin was among three men who sought the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1899. The others were former congressman William Johnson Stone and state senator William Goebel. Hardin was the early favorite to win the nomination. He was supported by the powerful Louisville and Nashville (L&N) Railroad and by Louisville political boss John Henry Whallen. His free silver views helped him with the state's populist voters, but Stone, from rural western Kentucky, was also courting those voters. Stone had an additional advantage among this group because he was not associated with a large corporation like the L&N. Goebel primarily had his support among the state's urban areas.\n\nJust prior to the nominating convention, representatives for Goebel and Stone met to negotiate a deal whereby they could overcome the front-runner, Hardin. Goebel agreed to instruct half of his delegates from Louisville to vote for Stone in exchange for Stone's support of his choice of convention chairman. The two sides further agreed that if their candidate was defeated or withdrew, their delegates would support the other and not Hardin.\n\nThe convention opened on June 21, 1899 in Louisville's Music Hall. Stone supporter Ollie M. James nominated Judge David B. Redwine for chairman. When Urey Woodson, a Goebel supporter, seconded the nomination, the deal between the two men became apparent to all. Hardin supporters nominated William H. Sweeney of Marion County, but Sweeney was defeated by a vote of 551 to 529. Hardin incurred a further disadvantage when only four of his supporters were named to the thirteen-member committee on credentials. This committee would decide which delegates would be allowed to vote from delegations that were contested.\n\nThe following day, the credentials committee issued its report, which shifted 159 votes from Hardin to Goebel and Stone. Chairman Redwine only allowed uncontested delegations to vote on the committee's report, which was approved 441 to 328. This series of procedural defeats discouraged Hardin, and he announced his withdrawal from the race. As voting began, some Hardin delegates refused to acknowledge his withdrawal and voted for him anyway. When the Louisville delegation voted, they cast all their votes for Goebel instead of splitting them with Stone, as had been agreed earlier by the two men. At the end of the balloting, the vote was 520 for Goebel, 428 for Stone, and 126 for Hardin.\n\nSeeing the collapse of the Stone-Goebel deal, Hardin supporters returned to their candidate on the second ballot, and they were joined by some outraged Stone supporters and even some of Goebel's delegates who were angered by his turnabout. The result of the second ballot was 395 for Stone, 359 for Hardin, and 330 for Goebel. Ten more ballots were taken before the convention adjourned for the day. The voting on the last ballot was 376 for Stone, 365 for Hardin, and 346 for Goebel.\n\nThe delegates did not convene on June 23 (a Sunday), but gathered to resume voting on Monday, June 24. The hall was packed with delegates and non-delegates; angered by Goebel's tactics and Redwine's biased rulings, both groups sang, shouted, and blew horns to disrupt the proceedings. Redwine attempted to take a roll call vote, but the noise made communication nearly impossible. Many delegations refused to vote under such conditions. Redwine announced a vote of 352 for Goebel, 261 for Stone, and 67 for Hardin, and declared Goebel the winner because he received a majority of the votes cast. Goebel declined to accept the nomination with anything less than a majority of the delegates present. Unable to proceed further, the convention adjourned for the day.\n\nWhen the delegates gathered on June 25, both Stone and Hardin called for the convention to adjourn sine die, but Redwine ruled the motion out of order. This decision was appealed, but Redwine ruled the appeal out of order. The raucous delegates promised not to disrupt the proceedings and accept the result of the day's voting. Seven more ballots were cast, and the vote stood at 398 for Stone, 355 for Hardin, and 328 for Goebel. Finally, the delegates adopted a resolution to drop the candidate with the fewest votes after the twenty-fifth ballot. The result of this ballot was 389 for Goebel, 382 for Hardin, and 319 for Stone. Stone was dropped, and on the next ballot, Goebel was nominated by a vote of 561 to 529.\n\nFollowing the convention, Hardin made no comment on Goebel or his nomination by the convention. Some discontent delegates began calls for a new convention, although there is no evidence that Hardin or Stone directly played any part in the organization of such a convention. Neither Hardin nor Stone gave Goebel much active support in the governor's race, and the election was won by Republican William S. Taylor.\n\nLater life\nHardin died of pneumonia in Richmond, Virginia at the age of 79. He was buried in Frankfort Cemetery in Frankfort, Kentucky.\n\nReferences\n\nKentucky Attorneys General\nKentucky Democrats\nKentucky lawyers\nPeople from Adair County, Kentucky\nBurials at Frankfort Cemetery\nDeaths from pneumonia in Virginia\n1841 births\n1920 deaths\n19th-century American lawyers", "The 1899 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1899, to choose the 33rd governor of Kentucky. The incumbent, Republican William O'Connell Bradley, was term-limited and unable to seek re-election.\n\nAfter a contentious and chaotic nominating convention at the Music Hall in Louisville, the Democratic Party chose state Senator William Goebel as its nominee. A dissident faction of the party, styling themselves the \"Honest Election Democrats\", were angered by Goebel's political tactics at the Music Hall convention and later held their own nominating convention. They chose former governor John Y. Brown as their nominee. Republicans nominated state Attorney General William S. Taylor, although Governor Bradley favored another candidate and lent Taylor little support in the ensuing campaign. In the general election, Taylor won by a vote of 193,714 to 191,331. Brown garnered 12,040 votes, more than the difference between Taylor and Goebel. The election results were challenged on grounds of voter fraud, but surprisingly, the state Board of Elections, created by a law Goebel had sponsored and stocked with pro-Goebel commissioners, certified Taylor's victory.\n\nAn incensed Democratic majority in the Kentucky General Assembly created a committee to investigate the charges of voter fraud, even as armed citizens from heavily Republican eastern Kentucky poured into the state capital under auspices of keeping Democrats from stealing the election. Before the investigative committee could report, Goebel was shot by an unknown assassin while entering the state capitol on January 30, 1900. As Goebel lay in a nearby hotel being treated for his wounds, the committee issued its report recommending that the General Assembly invalidate enough votes to give the election to Goebel. The report was accepted, Taylor was deposed, and Goebel was sworn into office on January 31. He died three days later on February 2.\n\nLieutenant Governor J. C. W. Beckham ascended to the office of governor, and he and Taylor waged a protracted court battle over the governorship. Beckham won the case on appeal, and Taylor fled to Indiana to escape prosecution as an accomplice in Goebel's murder. A total of sixteen people were charged in connection with the assassination. Five went to trial; two of those were acquitted. Each of the remaining three were convicted in trials fraught with irregularities and were eventually pardoned by subsequent governors. The identity of Goebel's assassin remains a mystery.\n\nBackground\nIn the 1895 gubernatorial election, Kentucky elected its first-ever Republican governor, William O. Bradley. Bradley was able to capitalize both on divisions within the Democratic Party over the issue of Free Silver and on the presence of a strong third-party candidate, Populist Thomas S. Pettit, to secure victory in the general election by just under 9,000 votes. This election marked the beginning of nearly thirty years of true, two-party competition in Kentucky politics.\n\nA powerful Democratic foe of Bradley had begun his rise to power in the Kentucky Senate. Kenton County's William Goebel became the leader of a new group of young Democrats who were seen as enemies of large corporations, particularly the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, and friends of the working man. Goebel was known as aloof and calculating. Unmarried and with few close friends of either gender, he was singularly driven by political power.\n\nGoebel was chosen president pro tem of the Senate for the 1898 legislative session. On February 1, 1898, he sponsored a measure later called the Goebel Election Law. The law created a Board of Election Commissioners, appointed by the General Assembly, who were responsible for choosing election commissioners in all of Kentucky's counties and were empowered to decide disputed elections. Because the General Assembly was heavily Democratic, the law was attacked as blatantly partisan and self-serving to Goebel; it was opposed even by some Democrats. Nevertheless, Goebel was able to hold enough members of his party together to override Governor Bradley's veto, making the bill law. As leader of the party, Goebel essentially hand-picked the members of the Election Commission. He chose three staunch Democrats—W. S. Pryor, former chief justice of the Kentucky Court of Appeals; W. T. Ellis, former U. S. Representative from Daviess County; and C. B. Poyntz, former head of the state railroad commission. Republicans organized a test case against the law, but the Court of Appeals found it constitutional.\n\nDemocratic nominating convention\nThree Democratic candidates had announced intentions to run for governor in 1899—Goebel, former Kentucky Attorney General P. Wat Hardin, and former congressman William J. Stone. Hardin, a native of Mercer County, had the backing of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. Lyon County's Stone had the backing of the state's agricultural interests. Goebel generally had the backing of urban voters. Going into the party's nominating convention, Hardin was the favorite to win the nomination. Knowing that combining forces was the only way to prevent Hardin's nomination, representatives of Goebel and Stone met on June 19, 1899, to work out a deal. According to Urey Woodson, a Goebel representative at the meeting, the two sides signed an agreement whereby half of the Louisville delegation, which was committed to Goebel, would vote for Stone. Both men agreed that, should one of them be defeated or withdraw from the race, they would encourage their delegates to vote for the other rather than support Hardin.\n\nThe Democratic nominating convention began on June 20, at the Music Hall on Market Street in Louisville. The first order of business was to nominate a convention chairman. Ollie M. James, a supporter of Stone, nominated Judge David Redwine. When Woodson seconded the nomination, the deal between Stone and Goebel became apparent to all. Hardin supporters nominated William H. Sweeney, but the Stone-Goebel alliance elected Redwine. The membership of several county delegations was challenged; these cases would be decided by the credentials committee. This committee was also stacked against Hardin; his supporters made up just four of the thirteen members. Prolonged deliberations by the credentials committee caused the delegates to become restless, and hundreds of people—both delegates and non-delegates—entered the Music Hall attempting to disrupt the convention. When Redwine summoned Louisville city police to the hall to maintain order, Hardin supporters accused him of using intimidation tactics. The credentials committee finally issued its report on June 23. Of the twenty-eight cases where delegates were contested, twenty-six of them were decided in favor of Goebel or Stone supporters.\n\nFormal nominations began the following day. Hardin felt as though he had been cheated and withdrew his candidacy, although some loyal delegates continued to vote for him. Delegate John Stockdale Rhea nominated Stone. Stone believed his agreement with Goebel meant, with Hardin's withdrawal, Goebel would instruct his delegates to vote for Stone, maintaining a unified party. That understanding vanished when another delegate nominated Goebel. Stone was further incensed when all of the Louisville delegation voted for Goebel instead of being split between Stone and Goebel, as the two men had previously agreed. In retaliation, some Stone supporters began to back Hardin. Seeing the breakdown of the Stone-Goebel alliance, Hardin reversed his withdrawal. After numerous ballots, the convention was deadlocked on the night of June 24 with each candidate receiving about one-third of the votes. No deliberations were held on Sunday, June 25, and when the delegates reconvened on Monday, June 26, the hall was filled with police per Redwine's request. Rhea requested that the police be removed to prevent intimidation, but Redwine ruled the motion out of order. Another delegate appealed Redwine's decision, and, in violation of parliamentary rule, Redwine ruled the appeal out of order. Angered by Redwine's obviously biased rulings, delegates for Stone and Hardin then began trying to disrupt the convention by blowing horns, singing, yelling, and standing on chairs. Although voting was attempted, many delegates abstained because they were unable to hear and understand what was going on. When the voting—such as it was—ended, the chair announced that Goebel had a majority of the votes cast, but Goebel sent word to Redwine that he would accept the nomination only if he received an absolute majority of the delegates. Further attempts to vote were likewise disrupted, and the meeting adjourned for the day.\n\nOn the morning of June 27, the hall was orderly. Stone and Hardin both called for the convention to adjourn sine die. Again, Redwine ruled this motion and the subsequent appeal of his decision out of order. Leaders for Stone and Hardin announced they would not disrupt the proceedings as they had the previous day and that they would abide by the convention's decision. As voting proceeded, Stone and Hardin unsuccessfully tried to form an alliance against Goebel, and the balloting was deadlocked for twenty-four consecutive ballots. The delegates agreed to drop the third-place candidate on the next ballot; that turned out to be Stone. The votes of the urban centers, previously divided between Stone and Goebel, now went entirely to Goebel, while the rural western counties that had supported Stone went to Hardin. The vote remained close, but as the alphabetical roll call proceeded, Goebel secured the votes of Stone's Union County delegation, giving him the nomination. Following the vote, Hardin and Stone leaders pledged their support to Goebel, though some did so in qualified terms. For lieutenant governor, the Democrats nominated J. C. W. Beckham who, at age 29, was not yet legally old enough to assume the governorship if called on to do so. Goebel questioned the selection of Beckham because Beckham's native Nelson County had voted for Hardin and was largely controlled by political boss Ben Johnson, but Goebel's allies convinced him that Beckham would be loyal to his program. Among the other nominees was ex-Confederate soldier Robert J. Breckinridge, Jr., for attorney general. This nomination helped placate the numerous ex-Confederates in the party, since Goebel's father had fought for the Union. It was not enough, however, to persuade Breckinridge's brother, former congressman W. C. P. Breckinridge, to support the ticket.\n\nRepublican nominating convention\nPotential Republican gubernatorial candidates were initially few. Some were not interested in being on the defense against the inevitable Democratic attacks on the Bradley administration. Still others were intimidated by the prospect of being defeated by the machinery of the Goebel Election Law. Party leaders were encouraged, however, by the deep Democratic divisions at the Music Hall Convention. Sitting attorney general William S. Taylor was the first to announce his candidacy and soon secured the support of Republican senator William Deboe. Later candidates included Hopkins County judge Clifton J. Pratt and sitting state Auditor Sam H. Stone. The former was the choice of Governor Bradley, while the latter was supported by Lexington Herald editor Sam J. Roberts. Taylor, like Goebel, was a skilled political organizer. He was able to create a strong political machine amongst the county delegations and seemed the favorite to win the nomination.\n\nThe Republican nominating convention convened on July 12 in Lexington, Kentucky. Angry that his party had not more seriously considered his candidate, Governor Bradley did not attend. Black leaders in the party threatened to follow Bradley and organize their own nominating convention, as they believed Taylor represented the \"lily-white\" branch of the party. Taylor attempted to hold the party together by making one of the black leaders permanent secretary of the convention and promising to appoint other black leaders to his cabinet if elected. He also tried to bring Bradley back to the convention by promising to nominate Bradley's nephew, Edwin P. Morrow, for secretary of state. Bradley refused the offer. In the face of Taylor's superior organization, Auditor Stone announced that he desired to see a united party and moved that Taylor be nominated unanimously; Judge Pratt seconded the motion. Other notable nominations were John Marshall for lieutenant governor, Caleb Powers for secretary of state, and Judge Pratt for attorney general.\n\n\"Honest Election Democrats\"\nSome Democrats remained unsatisfied with the outcome of the Music Hall Convention. After a period of silence, candidate William Stone publicly detailed the arrangement he believed he had with Goebel and how Goebel had broken it. Although Goebel's allies attempted to defend him against the charges, Stone's story was soon corroborated by former congressman W. C. Owens. Owens called on Democrats to vote for the Republican candidate, and to do so in such large numbers that no amount of political wrangling by Goebel could give him the governorship.\n\nA group of Louisville Democrats, supporters of U. S. Senator Jo Blackburn, made the first formal calls for a new convention. A short time after, a large meeting at Mount Sterling gave the movement a definite form. They called for a meeting in Lexington on August 2 to organize the details of a new convention. At subsequent mass meetings, it was announced that former governor John Y. Brown would accept the nomination of a second convention, should one be held. As Brown had been thought to be a supporter of Goebel, this announcement caused no small stir among Democrats. Representatives of sixty counties attended the August 2 meeting in Lexington. Resolutions endorsing the Democratic platform from the 1896 Democratic National Convention and the candidacy of William Jennings Bryan in 1900 were adopted. Then, ex-governor Brown addressed the crowd. Finally, the representatives agreed to a nominating convention to be held on August 16.\n\nRepresentatives from 108 of Kentucky's 120 counties attended the convention. Among the attendees were the editors of the Lexington Herald, Louisville Evening Post, and Louisville Dispatch, former congressman Owens, former Speaker of the Kentucky House of Representatives Harvey Myers, Jr., and political bosses William Mackoy, John Whallen, and Theodore Hallam. The convention nominated an entire slate of candidates for state office, with former governor Brown at the head. They also put forward a platform condemning the Music Hall Convention, the Goebel Election Law, and the presidential administration of William McKinley.\n\nCampaign\nGoebel's campaign staff included Senator Jo Blackburn, former governor James B. McCreary, and political boss Percy Haly. Goebel opened his campaign on August 12 in Mayfield, a city in the heavily Democratic Jackson Purchase region of the state. He attacked the Louisville and Nashville Railroad and charged that wealthy corporate interests from outside the state were attempting to influence the choice of Kentucky's governor.\n\nTaylor opened his campaign on August 22 in London, a Republican stronghold in eastern Kentucky. Among his supporters were Senator Deboe, Congressman Samuel Pugh, Caleb Powers, and former Republican gubernatorial candidate Thomas Z. Morrow (who was also the brother-in-law of Governor Bradley). Taylor stressed the economic prosperity brought about during the McKinley administration. He reminded the crowd that the Republicans had not supported the enslavement of blacks and stated they would not now support what he called the \"political enslavement\" that would result from electing Goebel.\n\nBrown opened his campaign in Bowling Green on August 26. Because of his age and ill health, he made no more than one speech per week. Nevertheless, he toured the Commonwealth, questioning the sincerity of Goebel's Free Silver views. He continued to attack the Music Hall Convention, asking whether past great Democrats such as John C. Breckinridge and Lazarus W. Powell would have supported the events that took place there. He also derided the Goebel Election Law as creating an oligarchy. Brown's limited appearances were supplemented by speeches from his supporters.\n\nAlthough ex-Confederates were generally a safe voting bloc for Democrats, Goebel could not heavily rely on them because of his father's ties to the Union. Also, in 1895, Goebel had killed John Sanford, an ex-Confederate, in a duel stemming from a personal dispute between the two men. This made him particularly odious to Brown supporter Theodore Hallum, a friend of Sanford's, who said of Goebel at a campaign rally in Bowling Green \"[W]hen the Democratic Party of Kentucky, in convention assembled, sees fit in its wisdom to nominate a yellow dog for the governorship of this great state, I will support him—but lower than that you shall not drag me.\" Goebel tried to mitigate his lukewarm support from ex-Confederates by courting the black vote, long given to the Republicans, though he had to do so carefully to avoid further alienating his own party base. Unlike other Democrats, Goebel had not voted on the Separate Coach Bill, a law that required blacks and whites to use segregated railroad facilities. Most blacks opposed the bill, and Goebel tried to remain silent on the issue, but when pressed, he admitted in a campaign event in Cloverport that he supported the bill and would oppose its repeal. Likewise, Taylor had tried to dodge the issue of the Separate Coach Bill to avoid upsetting the \"lily white\" branch of his party, but a week after Goebel took a position in favor of the bill, Taylor came out against it. This marked a turning point in the campaign, as blacks, at first cool toward Taylor, now actively supported him.\n\nThe dying Populist Party had also nominated a full slate of candidates for state offices, eroding some of Goebel's populist base. Although the Populist Party platform was similar to Goebel's, it also explicitly condemned the Goebel Election Law. Thomas Pettit, the Populist candidate from the 1895 gubernatorial election, campaigned for Goebel, but many of the other leaders in the party did not. With his support slipping on every side, Goebel appealed to William Jennings Bryan to come to the state and campaign for him. Known as \"the Great Commoner\", Bryan was immensely popular with Kentuckians, particularly Democrats and Populists. After refusing initial requests, Bryan finally came to the state and, in three days, crisscrossed the state with Goebel to stir up support. Bryan's visit helped solidify Democrats behind Goebel and took significant support from the Brown ticket.\n\nNo sooner had Bryan left the state than Governor Bradley reversed course and began stumping for Taylor. Though he insisted he only wanted to defend his administration from Democratic attacks, Louisville Courier-Journal editor Henry Watterson suggested that Bradley was seeking to enlist Taylor's support for his anticipated senatorial bid. Bradley kicked off his tour of the state in Louisville, charging that Democrats had to import an orator for their candidate because all the state's best men had deserted him. As evidence, he cited Goebel's lack of support from Democrat John G. Carlisle, his former ally, as well as Senator William Lindsay, W. C. P. Breckinridge, John Y. Brown, Theodore Hallum, W. C. Owens, Wat Hardin, and William Stone. He also encouraged blacks not to desert the Republican Party. He contrasted his appointments of blacks to his cabinet with the Democrats' support of the Separate Coach Bill. Bradley and Republican leader (and later governor) Augustus E. Willson toured the state on behalf of the Republican ticket, often drawing crowds larger than those assembled for Taylor.\n\nIn the final two weeks of the campaign, Brown was injured in an accident and became a wheelchair user. This was a severe blow to an already faltering campaign, and it became clear the race would primarily be between Goebel and Taylor. Both men spent the last days of the campaign in Louisville, knowing that, with its sizable population, it would be key to the election. Goebel continued his attack on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, supporting striking laborers from the railroad and charging that the Republican party was controlled by trusts. Both Republicans and Democrats warned of the possibility that election fraud and violence would be perpetrated by the other side. Louisville mayor Charles P. Weaver, a Goebel Democrat, added 500 recruits to the city's police force just before the election, leading to charges that voter intimidation would occur in that city. Governor Bradley countered by ordering the state militia to be ready to quell any disturbances across the state. On election day, the headline of the Courier-Journal proclaimed \"BAYONET Rule\".\n\nElection and aftermath\nFor all the claims about the potential for violence, election day, November 7, remained mostly calm across the state. Fewer than a dozen people were arrested statewide. Voting returns were slow, and on election night, the race was still too close to call. When the official tally was announced, Taylor had won by a vote of 193,714 to 191,331. Brown had garnered 12,040 votes, and Populist candidate Blair had captured 2,936. Had Goebel been able to win the votes that went to either of the third party candidates, he could have saved the election for the Democrats. Charges of fraud began even before the official returns were announced. In Nelson County, 1,200 ballots listed the Republican candidate as \"W. P. Taylor\" instead of \"W. S. Taylor\"; Democrats claimed these votes should be invalidated. In Knox and Johnson counties, voters complained of \"thin tissue ballots\" that allowed the voter's choices to be seen through them. One Democratic political boss even called for the entire Louisville vote to be invalidated because the state militia had intimidated voters there. (Taylor had won by about 3,000 votes in Louisville.)\n\nRepublicans gained an early victory when the Court of Appeals ruled that the Nelson County vote should stand. The final result of the election, however, would be decided by the Board of Elections, created by the Goebel Election Law. Newspapers across the state, both Democratic and Republican, called for the board's decision to be accepted as final. Tensions grew as the date for the board's hearings drew near, and small bands of armed men from heavily Republican eastern Kentucky began to arrive in Frankfort, the state capital. Just before the board's decision was announced, the number of armed mountain men was estimated at 500. Although the board was thought to be controlled by Goebel, it rendered a surprise 2–1 decision to let the announced vote tally stand. The board's majority opinion claimed they did not have any judicial power and were thus unable to hear proof or swear witnesses. Taylor was inaugurated on December 12, 1899. Democrats were outraged; party leaders met on December 14 and called on Goebel and Beckham to contest the election. Goebel had been inclined to let the result stand and seek a seat in the U. S. Senate in 1901, but he heeded the wishes of his party's leaders and contested the board's decision.\n\nAllie Young, chairman of the state Democratic Party, called a caucus of the Democratic members of the General Assembly to be held on January 1, 1900. As a result of the caucus, J. C. S. Blackburn was nominated for a seat in the U. S. Senate, Goebel was nominated as president pro tem of the Kentucky Senate, and South Trimble was nominated as speaker of the House. When the General Assembly convened, each Democratic nominee was elected, the party possessing heavy majorities in both houses. Lieutenant Governor Marshall presented a list of committees to the Senate, but that body voted 19–17 to set aside this list and approve a list provided by Goebel instead. Similarly, in the House, the list of committees presented by Speaker Trimble and approved by that body enumerated forty committees, none of them with a Republican majority.\n\nGoebel's and Beckham's challenges to the election results were received by the General Assembly on January 2. The following day, the Assembly appointed a contest committee to investigate the allegations contained in the challenges, voter fraud and illegal military intimidation of voters among them. The members of the committee were drawn at random, although the drawing was likely rigged—only one Republican joined ten Democrats on the committee. (Chance dictated that the committee should have contained four or five Republicans.) The joint committee on the rules recommended that the contest committee report at the pleasure of the General Assembly, that debate was limited once the findings were presented, and that the report be voted on in a joint session of the Assembly. The rules further provided that the speaker of the House would preside over this joint session instead of the lieutenant governor, as was customary. The Republican minority fought these provisions, but the Democratic majority passed them over their opposition.\n\nGoebel's assassination\nRepublicans around the state expected the committee to recommend disqualification of enough ballots to make Goebel governor. Additional armed men from eastern Kentucky filled the capital. Taylor, recognizing that the slightest incident could lead to violence, ordered the men home, and many of them complied. Still, two or three hundred remained, awaiting the election committee's findings. Others remained as witnesses set to testify before the contest committee. Some of these Republican witnesses were arrested by local police, who were mostly Goebel partisans. Governor Taylor issued pardons for some of them, citing their claims the police had robbed them upon their arrest. To avoid arrest for carrying a concealed weapon, many of the Republican partisans began wearing their guns openly, adding to the tensions in the city, but effectively reducing the number of arrests by local police.\n\nOn the morning of January 30, as Goebel and two friends walked toward the capitol building, a shot rang out, and Goebel fell wounded. He was taken to a nearby hotel to be treated for his wounds. Soldiers filled the streets and blocked entrance to the capitol. Defiantly, the contest committee met in Frankfort's city hall. By a strictly party-line vote, they adopted a majority report that claimed Goebel and Beckham had received the most legitimate votes and should be installed in their respective offices.\n\nA little over an hour after the committee's meeting, Governor Taylor declared a state of insurrection and called out the state militia. He called the legislature into special session, not in Frankfort, but in heavily Republican London, which he insisted was a safer location. Defiant Democratic legislators refused to heed the call to London, but when they attempted to convene first in the state capitol and later in other public locations in Frankfort, they found the doors barred by armed citizens. On January 31, 1900, they convened secretly in a Frankfort hotel, with no Republicans present, and voted to certify the findings of the contest committee, invalidating enough votes to make Goebel governor. Goebel was sworn in, and immediately ordered the state militia to stand down. He also ordered the General Assembly to reconvene in Frankfort. The Republican militia refused to disband, and a rival Democratic militia formed across the lawn of the state capitol. Civil war seemed possible.\n\nTaylor apprised President McKinley of the situation in Kentucky. He stopped short of asking for intervention by federal troops, and McKinley assured a delegation of Kentucky's federal legislators that such intervention would occur only as a last resort. Republican legislators made preparations to heed Taylor's call to convene in London on February 5. Meanwhile, in order to resolve any doubts about the legitimacy of their earlier meeting, Democratic legislators met at the state house—no longer being denied entrance by the state militia—and again voted to adopt the majority report declaring Goebel and Beckham the winners of the election. Both men again took the oath of office.\n\nAs a test to see if his gubernatorial authority was still recognized, Taylor issued a pardon for a man convicted of manslaughter in Knott County. The pardon was signed by the proper county officials, but officers at the penitentiary refused to release the man. It was feared Taylor would dispatch the state militia to remove the prisoner, but no further attempts were made to secure his release. Continuing to live under heavy guard in his executive office, Taylor was criticized for not having offered a reward for the capture of Goebel's unknown assailant. Responding that he was not authorized to make an offer in the absence of a request to do so by the officials in Franklin County, he offered a $500 reward from his own money.\n\nGoebel died of his wounds on February 3. He remains the only American governor ever assassinated while in office. With Goebel, the most controversial figure in the election, dead, tensions began to ease somewhat. Leaders from both sides drafted an agreement whereby Taylor and Lieutenant Governor Marshall would step down from their respective offices; in exchange, they would receive immunity from prosecution in any actions they may have taken with regard to Goebel's assassination. The state militia would withdraw from Frankfort, and the Goebel Election Law would be repealed and replaced with a fairer law. Despite the agreement of his allies, Taylor refused to sign the agreement. He did, however, lift the ban on the General Assembly meeting in Frankfort.\n\nLegal challenges\n\nWhen the legislature convened on February 19, two sets of officers attempted to preside. Marshall and Goebel's lieutenant governor, J. C. W. Beckham, both claimed the right to preside over the state senate. Taylor sued to prevent Beckham from exercising any authority in the senate; Beckham counter-sued for possession of the capitol and executive building. The cases were consolidated, and both Republicans and Democrats agreed to let the courts decide the election. On March 10, a circuit court found in favor of Beckham and the Democrats. By a 6–1 vote, the Kentucky Court of Appeals, the state's court of last resort at the time, upheld the circuit court's decision on April 6, legally unseating Taylor and Marshall. The case of Taylor v. Beckham was eventually appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, but the court refused to intervene in the case because it found there were no federal questions involved. The lone justice dissenting from that opinion was Kentuckian John Marshall Harlan.\n\nSixteen indictments were returned in connection with Goebel's assassination, including one against deposed governor Taylor. In May 1900, Taylor fled to Indianapolis, Indiana, and the governor, James A. Mount refused to extradite him for trial. Three others charged in the assassination turned state's evidence. Only five of the sixteen went to trial; two of those were acquitted. Three men were eventually convicted for playing roles in Goebel's assassination. Kentucky's Secretary of State, Caleb Powers, was accused of being the mastermind behind the assassination. Henry Youtsey, the State Auditor of Kentucky, was said to have aided the assassin. James B. Howard, a participant in a bloody feud in Clay County was charged with being the actual assassin.\n\nAccording to the prosecution's theory, the assassin shot Goebel from the secretary of state's office on the first floor of a building next to the state capitol. However, much of the testimony against the accused men was conflicting, and some of it was later proven to be perjured. Most of the state's judges were Democratic supporters of Goebel and juries were packed with partisan Democrats. The appellate courts, however, were largely Republican, and the convictions returned by the lower courts were often overturned, with the cases being remanded for new trials. Howard was tried and convicted in September 1900, January 1902, and April 1903; his final appeal failed, and he was sentenced to life in prison. Powers was also convicted three times—in July 1900, October 1901, and August 1903; a fourth trial in November 1907 ended in a hung jury. In 1908, Powers and Howard were pardoned by Republican governor Augustus E. Willson. Months later, Willson also issued pardons for former governor Taylor and several others still under indictment. Despite the pardon, Taylor seldom returned to Kentucky; he became an insurance executive in Indiana and died there in 1928. Youtsey, the only defendant not to appeal his sentence, was paroled in 1916 and pardoned in 1919 by Democratic governor James D. Black.\n\nSee also\n Brooks–Baxter War – an armed conflict resulting from the 1872 Arkansas gubernatorial election\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n \n \n \n\nKentucky\n1899\nGubernatorial\nNovember 1899 events" ]

[ "William Goebel", "Gubernatorial election of 1899", "In which state was the Gubernatorial election that William Goebel was involved in?", "Louisville -", "Who was Goebel's opponent in this race?", "Wat Hardin, and William J. Stone.", "Which political party did William J. Stone represent?", "Democratic nomination for governor", "Did William Goebel win the race?", "The Assembly then invalidated enough Republican ballots to give the election to Goebel.", "Was there a voting scandal involving Republican ballots?", "ruled 2-1 that the disputed ballots should count,", "Did the Union Labor party have a candidate in this race?", "I don't know.", "How many votes did William Goebel win by?", "2,383 votes." ]

[ "Parker Watkins (\"Wat\") Hardin (June 3, 1841 – July 25, 1920) was a politician from the U.S. state of Kentucky. From 1879 to 1888, he served as Attorney General of Kentucky. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Kentucky in 1891, 1895 and 1899.\n\nEarly life\nParker Watkins Hardin was born in Adair County, Kentucky. He was the second child of Parker C. and Carolina (Watkins) Hardin. His father was the nephew of Congressman Benjamin Hardin and served in the Kentucky Senate from 1840 to 1848. Known to friends as \"P. Wat,\" \"Watt,\" \"P. W.,\" \"Parker,\" and sometimes \"Polly Wolly\", the younger Hardin was educated in the schools of Adair County, then studied law with his father.\n\nIn December 1864, Hardin married Mary E. Sallee. The couple had four children. The following year, he was admitted to the bar of Columbia, the county seat of Adair County. He formed a law partnership with his brother, Charles A. Hardin, in the city of Harrodsburg, Kentucky.\n\nPolitical career\nHardin's political career began in 1865 when he was elected city attorney for the city of Danville, Kentucky. In 1879, state Democrats nominated him for attorney general. A polished orator, he stumped for Democratic gubernatorial candidate Luke P. Blackburn when Blackburn became ill during the campaign. Despite Blackburn's illness, the entire Democratic slate was elected.\n\nHardin was re-nominated in 1883 on a Democratic slate that included J. Proctor Knott for governor against Republican Thomas Z. Morrow. Morrow's brother-in-law, William O. Bradley, was one of the Republican Party's strongest speakers, and he vigorously attacked the record of previous Democratic administrations, particularly that of Governor Blackburn. Hardin defended Blackburn's administration in a speech that drew heavy praise from Louisville Courier-Journal editor Henry Watterson. Watterson reprinted Hardin's entire speech in the Courier-Journal. Once again, the entire Democratic slate was elected by a large majority.\n\nGubernatorial election of 1891\nHardin was re-elected as attorney general 1887. In 1891, he was one of four men who sought the Democratic gubernatorial nomination. The others were ex-Confederate John Y. Brown, Cassius Clay, Jr. (nephew of the noted abolitionist), and Dr. John Daniel Clardy, a member of Kentucky's Farmers' Alliance. In the Democratic nominating convention, Brown led the field with 275 votes to Clay's 264, Clardy's 190, and Hardin's 186. Clay and Clardy split the votes of the state's agricultural interests, while Hardin and Clardy divided the free silver votes.\n\nThe vote count changed little over the next nine ballots, although Hardin moved ahead of Clardy. After the tenth ballot, the convention chair announced that the candidate with the fewest votes would be dropped. That turned out to be Clardy, and his delegates split their votes nearly equally among the remaining three candidates. On the next vote, Hardin was dropped. His delegates supported Brown, who won the nomination on the thirteenth ballot. Brown went on to win the governorship over candidates from the Republican, Populist, and Prohibition parties.\n\nGubernatorial election of 1895\nDemocrats entered the 1895 gubernatorial election badly split over the question of free silver. Party leaders John G. Carlisle, Henry Watterson, and William Lindsay were all advocates of sound money principles. At the party's nominating convention, these leaders succeeded in getting the party to adopt a platform that included a sound money plank. Nevertheless, the delegates chose Hardin, a free silver supporter, as their gubernatorial candidate over Cassius Clay, Jr., a sound money supporter. Historian James C. Klotter attributes the choice of Hardin to the candidate's overwhelming personal popularity.\n\nSeeing the split in the Democratic ranks over the money question, Republicans, having never won the governorship of Kentucky before, put forth their strongest candidate, William O. Bradley, to oppose Hardin. The Populist Party also put forth a strong candidate, Thomas Pettit of Owensboro. The major party candidates agreed to a series of debates across the state. The first debate was held in Louisville on August 19, 1895. Hardin opened the debate with an attack on the Republican Party for its \"carpetbagger despotism\" during Reconstruction. Though pro-Southern oratory had long been a campaign tactic of Democratic candidates, Hardin was shocked by a heckler who cried out \"The war is over; give us something else.\" The comment shocked Hardin, and the rest of his performance in the debate was affected. Even sympathetic newspapers admitted that his usual glowing oratory had failed him.\n\nDespite the official party platform in favor of the gold standard, Hardin threw his support to the free silver position early in the race, believing he needed to do so to keep the party's rural agrarians from bolting to the Republicans. The strategy backfired as conservative Democrats abandoned the party. Sitting Democratic governor Brown refused to campaign for Hardin, and the Populist Party also ran Thomas S. Pettit, who siphoned off votes for Hardin. Republican Bradley also gained some Democratic votes from the American Protective Association, a secret fraternal group opposed to Catholics and immigrants. In the general election, Hardin lost to Bradley 172,436 to 163,524.\n\nGubernatorial election of 1899\n\nHardin was among three men who sought the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1899. The others were former congressman William Johnson Stone and state senator William Goebel. Hardin was the early favorite to win the nomination. He was supported by the powerful Louisville and Nashville (L&N) Railroad and by Louisville political boss John Henry Whallen. His free silver views helped him with the state's populist voters, but Stone, from rural western Kentucky, was also courting those voters. Stone had an additional advantage among this group because he was not associated with a large corporation like the L&N. Goebel primarily had his support among the state's urban areas.\n\nJust prior to the nominating convention, representatives for Goebel and Stone met to negotiate a deal whereby they could overcome the front-runner, Hardin. Goebel agreed to instruct half of his delegates from Louisville to vote for Stone in exchange for Stone's support of his choice of convention chairman. The two sides further agreed that if their candidate was defeated or withdrew, their delegates would support the other and not Hardin.\n\nThe convention opened on June 21, 1899 in Louisville's Music Hall. Stone supporter Ollie M. James nominated Judge David B. Redwine for chairman. When Urey Woodson, a Goebel supporter, seconded the nomination, the deal between the two men became apparent to all. Hardin supporters nominated William H. Sweeney of Marion County, but Sweeney was defeated by a vote of 551 to 529. Hardin incurred a further disadvantage when only four of his supporters were named to the thirteen-member committee on credentials. This committee would decide which delegates would be allowed to vote from delegations that were contested.\n\nThe following day, the credentials committee issued its report, which shifted 159 votes from Hardin to Goebel and Stone. Chairman Redwine only allowed uncontested delegations to vote on the committee's report, which was approved 441 to 328. This series of procedural defeats discouraged Hardin, and he announced his withdrawal from the race. As voting began, some Hardin delegates refused to acknowledge his withdrawal and voted for him anyway. When the Louisville delegation voted, they cast all their votes for Goebel instead of splitting them with Stone, as had been agreed earlier by the two men. At the end of the balloting, the vote was 520 for Goebel, 428 for Stone, and 126 for Hardin.\n\nSeeing the collapse of the Stone-Goebel deal, Hardin supporters returned to their candidate on the second ballot, and they were joined by some outraged Stone supporters and even some of Goebel's delegates who were angered by his turnabout. The result of the second ballot was 395 for Stone, 359 for Hardin, and 330 for Goebel. Ten more ballots were taken before the convention adjourned for the day. The voting on the last ballot was 376 for Stone, 365 for Hardin, and 346 for Goebel.\n\nThe delegates did not convene on June 23 (a Sunday), but gathered to resume voting on Monday, June 24. The hall was packed with delegates and non-delegates; angered by Goebel's tactics and Redwine's biased rulings, both groups sang, shouted, and blew horns to disrupt the proceedings. Redwine attempted to take a roll call vote, but the noise made communication nearly impossible. Many delegations refused to vote under such conditions. Redwine announced a vote of 352 for Goebel, 261 for Stone, and 67 for Hardin, and declared Goebel the winner because he received a majority of the votes cast. Goebel declined to accept the nomination with anything less than a majority of the delegates present. Unable to proceed further, the convention adjourned for the day.\n\nWhen the delegates gathered on June 25, both Stone and Hardin called for the convention to adjourn sine die, but Redwine ruled the motion out of order. This decision was appealed, but Redwine ruled the appeal out of order. The raucous delegates promised not to disrupt the proceedings and accept the result of the day's voting. Seven more ballots were cast, and the vote stood at 398 for Stone, 355 for Hardin, and 328 for Goebel. Finally, the delegates adopted a resolution to drop the candidate with the fewest votes after the twenty-fifth ballot. The result of this ballot was 389 for Goebel, 382 for Hardin, and 319 for Stone. Stone was dropped, and on the next ballot, Goebel was nominated by a vote of 561 to 529.\n\nFollowing the convention, Hardin made no comment on Goebel or his nomination by the convention. Some discontent delegates began calls for a new convention, although there is no evidence that Hardin or Stone directly played any part in the organization of such a convention. Neither Hardin nor Stone gave Goebel much active support in the governor's race, and the election was won by Republican William S. Taylor.\n\nLater life\nHardin died of pneumonia in Richmond, Virginia at the age of 79. He was buried in Frankfort Cemetery in Frankfort, Kentucky.\n\nReferences\n\nKentucky Attorneys General\nKentucky Democrats\nKentucky lawyers\nPeople from Adair County, Kentucky\nBurials at Frankfort Cemetery\nDeaths from pneumonia in Virginia\n1841 births\n1920 deaths\n19th-century American lawyers", "The 1899 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1899, to choose the 33rd governor of Kentucky. The incumbent, Republican William O'Connell Bradley, was term-limited and unable to seek re-election.\n\nAfter a contentious and chaotic nominating convention at the Music Hall in Louisville, the Democratic Party chose state Senator William Goebel as its nominee. A dissident faction of the party, styling themselves the \"Honest Election Democrats\", were angered by Goebel's political tactics at the Music Hall convention and later held their own nominating convention. They chose former governor John Y. Brown as their nominee. Republicans nominated state Attorney General William S. Taylor, although Governor Bradley favored another candidate and lent Taylor little support in the ensuing campaign. In the general election, Taylor won by a vote of 193,714 to 191,331. Brown garnered 12,040 votes, more than the difference between Taylor and Goebel. The election results were challenged on grounds of voter fraud, but surprisingly, the state Board of Elections, created by a law Goebel had sponsored and stocked with pro-Goebel commissioners, certified Taylor's victory.\n\nAn incensed Democratic majority in the Kentucky General Assembly created a committee to investigate the charges of voter fraud, even as armed citizens from heavily Republican eastern Kentucky poured into the state capital under auspices of keeping Democrats from stealing the election. Before the investigative committee could report, Goebel was shot by an unknown assassin while entering the state capitol on January 30, 1900. As Goebel lay in a nearby hotel being treated for his wounds, the committee issued its report recommending that the General Assembly invalidate enough votes to give the election to Goebel. The report was accepted, Taylor was deposed, and Goebel was sworn into office on January 31. He died three days later on February 2.\n\nLieutenant Governor J. C. W. Beckham ascended to the office of governor, and he and Taylor waged a protracted court battle over the governorship. Beckham won the case on appeal, and Taylor fled to Indiana to escape prosecution as an accomplice in Goebel's murder. A total of sixteen people were charged in connection with the assassination. Five went to trial; two of those were acquitted. Each of the remaining three were convicted in trials fraught with irregularities and were eventually pardoned by subsequent governors. The identity of Goebel's assassin remains a mystery.\n\nBackground\nIn the 1895 gubernatorial election, Kentucky elected its first-ever Republican governor, William O. Bradley. Bradley was able to capitalize both on divisions within the Democratic Party over the issue of Free Silver and on the presence of a strong third-party candidate, Populist Thomas S. Pettit, to secure victory in the general election by just under 9,000 votes. This election marked the beginning of nearly thirty years of true, two-party competition in Kentucky politics.\n\nA powerful Democratic foe of Bradley had begun his rise to power in the Kentucky Senate. Kenton County's William Goebel became the leader of a new group of young Democrats who were seen as enemies of large corporations, particularly the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, and friends of the working man. Goebel was known as aloof and calculating. Unmarried and with few close friends of either gender, he was singularly driven by political power.\n\nGoebel was chosen president pro tem of the Senate for the 1898 legislative session. On February 1, 1898, he sponsored a measure later called the Goebel Election Law. The law created a Board of Election Commissioners, appointed by the General Assembly, who were responsible for choosing election commissioners in all of Kentucky's counties and were empowered to decide disputed elections. Because the General Assembly was heavily Democratic, the law was attacked as blatantly partisan and self-serving to Goebel; it was opposed even by some Democrats. Nevertheless, Goebel was able to hold enough members of his party together to override Governor Bradley's veto, making the bill law. As leader of the party, Goebel essentially hand-picked the members of the Election Commission. He chose three staunch Democrats—W. S. Pryor, former chief justice of the Kentucky Court of Appeals; W. T. Ellis, former U. S. Representative from Daviess County; and C. B. Poyntz, former head of the state railroad commission. Republicans organized a test case against the law, but the Court of Appeals found it constitutional.\n\nDemocratic nominating convention\nThree Democratic candidates had announced intentions to run for governor in 1899—Goebel, former Kentucky Attorney General P. Wat Hardin, and former congressman William J. Stone. Hardin, a native of Mercer County, had the backing of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. Lyon County's Stone had the backing of the state's agricultural interests. Goebel generally had the backing of urban voters. Going into the party's nominating convention, Hardin was the favorite to win the nomination. Knowing that combining forces was the only way to prevent Hardin's nomination, representatives of Goebel and Stone met on June 19, 1899, to work out a deal. According to Urey Woodson, a Goebel representative at the meeting, the two sides signed an agreement whereby half of the Louisville delegation, which was committed to Goebel, would vote for Stone. Both men agreed that, should one of them be defeated or withdraw from the race, they would encourage their delegates to vote for the other rather than support Hardin.\n\nThe Democratic nominating convention began on June 20, at the Music Hall on Market Street in Louisville. The first order of business was to nominate a convention chairman. Ollie M. James, a supporter of Stone, nominated Judge David Redwine. When Woodson seconded the nomination, the deal between Stone and Goebel became apparent to all. Hardin supporters nominated William H. Sweeney, but the Stone-Goebel alliance elected Redwine. The membership of several county delegations was challenged; these cases would be decided by the credentials committee. This committee was also stacked against Hardin; his supporters made up just four of the thirteen members. Prolonged deliberations by the credentials committee caused the delegates to become restless, and hundreds of people—both delegates and non-delegates—entered the Music Hall attempting to disrupt the convention. When Redwine summoned Louisville city police to the hall to maintain order, Hardin supporters accused him of using intimidation tactics. The credentials committee finally issued its report on June 23. Of the twenty-eight cases where delegates were contested, twenty-six of them were decided in favor of Goebel or Stone supporters.\n\nFormal nominations began the following day. Hardin felt as though he had been cheated and withdrew his candidacy, although some loyal delegates continued to vote for him. Delegate John Stockdale Rhea nominated Stone. Stone believed his agreement with Goebel meant, with Hardin's withdrawal, Goebel would instruct his delegates to vote for Stone, maintaining a unified party. That understanding vanished when another delegate nominated Goebel. Stone was further incensed when all of the Louisville delegation voted for Goebel instead of being split between Stone and Goebel, as the two men had previously agreed. In retaliation, some Stone supporters began to back Hardin. Seeing the breakdown of the Stone-Goebel alliance, Hardin reversed his withdrawal. After numerous ballots, the convention was deadlocked on the night of June 24 with each candidate receiving about one-third of the votes. No deliberations were held on Sunday, June 25, and when the delegates reconvened on Monday, June 26, the hall was filled with police per Redwine's request. Rhea requested that the police be removed to prevent intimidation, but Redwine ruled the motion out of order. Another delegate appealed Redwine's decision, and, in violation of parliamentary rule, Redwine ruled the appeal out of order. Angered by Redwine's obviously biased rulings, delegates for Stone and Hardin then began trying to disrupt the convention by blowing horns, singing, yelling, and standing on chairs. Although voting was attempted, many delegates abstained because they were unable to hear and understand what was going on. When the voting—such as it was—ended, the chair announced that Goebel had a majority of the votes cast, but Goebel sent word to Redwine that he would accept the nomination only if he received an absolute majority of the delegates. Further attempts to vote were likewise disrupted, and the meeting adjourned for the day.\n\nOn the morning of June 27, the hall was orderly. Stone and Hardin both called for the convention to adjourn sine die. Again, Redwine ruled this motion and the subsequent appeal of his decision out of order. Leaders for Stone and Hardin announced they would not disrupt the proceedings as they had the previous day and that they would abide by the convention's decision. As voting proceeded, Stone and Hardin unsuccessfully tried to form an alliance against Goebel, and the balloting was deadlocked for twenty-four consecutive ballots. The delegates agreed to drop the third-place candidate on the next ballot; that turned out to be Stone. The votes of the urban centers, previously divided between Stone and Goebel, now went entirely to Goebel, while the rural western counties that had supported Stone went to Hardin. The vote remained close, but as the alphabetical roll call proceeded, Goebel secured the votes of Stone's Union County delegation, giving him the nomination. Following the vote, Hardin and Stone leaders pledged their support to Goebel, though some did so in qualified terms. For lieutenant governor, the Democrats nominated J. C. W. Beckham who, at age 29, was not yet legally old enough to assume the governorship if called on to do so. Goebel questioned the selection of Beckham because Beckham's native Nelson County had voted for Hardin and was largely controlled by political boss Ben Johnson, but Goebel's allies convinced him that Beckham would be loyal to his program. Among the other nominees was ex-Confederate soldier Robert J. Breckinridge, Jr., for attorney general. This nomination helped placate the numerous ex-Confederates in the party, since Goebel's father had fought for the Union. It was not enough, however, to persuade Breckinridge's brother, former congressman W. C. P. Breckinridge, to support the ticket.\n\nRepublican nominating convention\nPotential Republican gubernatorial candidates were initially few. Some were not interested in being on the defense against the inevitable Democratic attacks on the Bradley administration. Still others were intimidated by the prospect of being defeated by the machinery of the Goebel Election Law. Party leaders were encouraged, however, by the deep Democratic divisions at the Music Hall Convention. Sitting attorney general William S. Taylor was the first to announce his candidacy and soon secured the support of Republican senator William Deboe. Later candidates included Hopkins County judge Clifton J. Pratt and sitting state Auditor Sam H. Stone. The former was the choice of Governor Bradley, while the latter was supported by Lexington Herald editor Sam J. Roberts. Taylor, like Goebel, was a skilled political organizer. He was able to create a strong political machine amongst the county delegations and seemed the favorite to win the nomination.\n\nThe Republican nominating convention convened on July 12 in Lexington, Kentucky. Angry that his party had not more seriously considered his candidate, Governor Bradley did not attend. Black leaders in the party threatened to follow Bradley and organize their own nominating convention, as they believed Taylor represented the \"lily-white\" branch of the party. Taylor attempted to hold the party together by making one of the black leaders permanent secretary of the convention and promising to appoint other black leaders to his cabinet if elected. He also tried to bring Bradley back to the convention by promising to nominate Bradley's nephew, Edwin P. Morrow, for secretary of state. Bradley refused the offer. In the face of Taylor's superior organization, Auditor Stone announced that he desired to see a united party and moved that Taylor be nominated unanimously; Judge Pratt seconded the motion. Other notable nominations were John Marshall for lieutenant governor, Caleb Powers for secretary of state, and Judge Pratt for attorney general.\n\n\"Honest Election Democrats\"\nSome Democrats remained unsatisfied with the outcome of the Music Hall Convention. After a period of silence, candidate William Stone publicly detailed the arrangement he believed he had with Goebel and how Goebel had broken it. Although Goebel's allies attempted to defend him against the charges, Stone's story was soon corroborated by former congressman W. C. Owens. Owens called on Democrats to vote for the Republican candidate, and to do so in such large numbers that no amount of political wrangling by Goebel could give him the governorship.\n\nA group of Louisville Democrats, supporters of U. S. Senator Jo Blackburn, made the first formal calls for a new convention. A short time after, a large meeting at Mount Sterling gave the movement a definite form. They called for a meeting in Lexington on August 2 to organize the details of a new convention. At subsequent mass meetings, it was announced that former governor John Y. Brown would accept the nomination of a second convention, should one be held. As Brown had been thought to be a supporter of Goebel, this announcement caused no small stir among Democrats. Representatives of sixty counties attended the August 2 meeting in Lexington. Resolutions endorsing the Democratic platform from the 1896 Democratic National Convention and the candidacy of William Jennings Bryan in 1900 were adopted. Then, ex-governor Brown addressed the crowd. Finally, the representatives agreed to a nominating convention to be held on August 16.\n\nRepresentatives from 108 of Kentucky's 120 counties attended the convention. Among the attendees were the editors of the Lexington Herald, Louisville Evening Post, and Louisville Dispatch, former congressman Owens, former Speaker of the Kentucky House of Representatives Harvey Myers, Jr., and political bosses William Mackoy, John Whallen, and Theodore Hallam. The convention nominated an entire slate of candidates for state office, with former governor Brown at the head. They also put forward a platform condemning the Music Hall Convention, the Goebel Election Law, and the presidential administration of William McKinley.\n\nCampaign\nGoebel's campaign staff included Senator Jo Blackburn, former governor James B. McCreary, and political boss Percy Haly. Goebel opened his campaign on August 12 in Mayfield, a city in the heavily Democratic Jackson Purchase region of the state. He attacked the Louisville and Nashville Railroad and charged that wealthy corporate interests from outside the state were attempting to influence the choice of Kentucky's governor.\n\nTaylor opened his campaign on August 22 in London, a Republican stronghold in eastern Kentucky. Among his supporters were Senator Deboe, Congressman Samuel Pugh, Caleb Powers, and former Republican gubernatorial candidate Thomas Z. Morrow (who was also the brother-in-law of Governor Bradley). Taylor stressed the economic prosperity brought about during the McKinley administration. He reminded the crowd that the Republicans had not supported the enslavement of blacks and stated they would not now support what he called the \"political enslavement\" that would result from electing Goebel.\n\nBrown opened his campaign in Bowling Green on August 26. Because of his age and ill health, he made no more than one speech per week. Nevertheless, he toured the Commonwealth, questioning the sincerity of Goebel's Free Silver views. He continued to attack the Music Hall Convention, asking whether past great Democrats such as John C. Breckinridge and Lazarus W. Powell would have supported the events that took place there. He also derided the Goebel Election Law as creating an oligarchy. Brown's limited appearances were supplemented by speeches from his supporters.\n\nAlthough ex-Confederates were generally a safe voting bloc for Democrats, Goebel could not heavily rely on them because of his father's ties to the Union. Also, in 1895, Goebel had killed John Sanford, an ex-Confederate, in a duel stemming from a personal dispute between the two men. This made him particularly odious to Brown supporter Theodore Hallum, a friend of Sanford's, who said of Goebel at a campaign rally in Bowling Green \"[W]hen the Democratic Party of Kentucky, in convention assembled, sees fit in its wisdom to nominate a yellow dog for the governorship of this great state, I will support him—but lower than that you shall not drag me.\" Goebel tried to mitigate his lukewarm support from ex-Confederates by courting the black vote, long given to the Republicans, though he had to do so carefully to avoid further alienating his own party base. Unlike other Democrats, Goebel had not voted on the Separate Coach Bill, a law that required blacks and whites to use segregated railroad facilities. Most blacks opposed the bill, and Goebel tried to remain silent on the issue, but when pressed, he admitted in a campaign event in Cloverport that he supported the bill and would oppose its repeal. Likewise, Taylor had tried to dodge the issue of the Separate Coach Bill to avoid upsetting the \"lily white\" branch of his party, but a week after Goebel took a position in favor of the bill, Taylor came out against it. This marked a turning point in the campaign, as blacks, at first cool toward Taylor, now actively supported him.\n\nThe dying Populist Party had also nominated a full slate of candidates for state offices, eroding some of Goebel's populist base. Although the Populist Party platform was similar to Goebel's, it also explicitly condemned the Goebel Election Law. Thomas Pettit, the Populist candidate from the 1895 gubernatorial election, campaigned for Goebel, but many of the other leaders in the party did not. With his support slipping on every side, Goebel appealed to William Jennings Bryan to come to the state and campaign for him. Known as \"the Great Commoner\", Bryan was immensely popular with Kentuckians, particularly Democrats and Populists. After refusing initial requests, Bryan finally came to the state and, in three days, crisscrossed the state with Goebel to stir up support. Bryan's visit helped solidify Democrats behind Goebel and took significant support from the Brown ticket.\n\nNo sooner had Bryan left the state than Governor Bradley reversed course and began stumping for Taylor. Though he insisted he only wanted to defend his administration from Democratic attacks, Louisville Courier-Journal editor Henry Watterson suggested that Bradley was seeking to enlist Taylor's support for his anticipated senatorial bid. Bradley kicked off his tour of the state in Louisville, charging that Democrats had to import an orator for their candidate because all the state's best men had deserted him. As evidence, he cited Goebel's lack of support from Democrat John G. Carlisle, his former ally, as well as Senator William Lindsay, W. C. P. Breckinridge, John Y. Brown, Theodore Hallum, W. C. Owens, Wat Hardin, and William Stone. He also encouraged blacks not to desert the Republican Party. He contrasted his appointments of blacks to his cabinet with the Democrats' support of the Separate Coach Bill. Bradley and Republican leader (and later governor) Augustus E. Willson toured the state on behalf of the Republican ticket, often drawing crowds larger than those assembled for Taylor.\n\nIn the final two weeks of the campaign, Brown was injured in an accident and became a wheelchair user. This was a severe blow to an already faltering campaign, and it became clear the race would primarily be between Goebel and Taylor. Both men spent the last days of the campaign in Louisville, knowing that, with its sizable population, it would be key to the election. Goebel continued his attack on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, supporting striking laborers from the railroad and charging that the Republican party was controlled by trusts. Both Republicans and Democrats warned of the possibility that election fraud and violence would be perpetrated by the other side. Louisville mayor Charles P. Weaver, a Goebel Democrat, added 500 recruits to the city's police force just before the election, leading to charges that voter intimidation would occur in that city. Governor Bradley countered by ordering the state militia to be ready to quell any disturbances across the state. On election day, the headline of the Courier-Journal proclaimed \"BAYONET Rule\".\n\nElection and aftermath\nFor all the claims about the potential for violence, election day, November 7, remained mostly calm across the state. Fewer than a dozen people were arrested statewide. Voting returns were slow, and on election night, the race was still too close to call. When the official tally was announced, Taylor had won by a vote of 193,714 to 191,331. Brown had garnered 12,040 votes, and Populist candidate Blair had captured 2,936. Had Goebel been able to win the votes that went to either of the third party candidates, he could have saved the election for the Democrats. Charges of fraud began even before the official returns were announced. In Nelson County, 1,200 ballots listed the Republican candidate as \"W. P. Taylor\" instead of \"W. S. Taylor\"; Democrats claimed these votes should be invalidated. In Knox and Johnson counties, voters complained of \"thin tissue ballots\" that allowed the voter's choices to be seen through them. One Democratic political boss even called for the entire Louisville vote to be invalidated because the state militia had intimidated voters there. (Taylor had won by about 3,000 votes in Louisville.)\n\nRepublicans gained an early victory when the Court of Appeals ruled that the Nelson County vote should stand. The final result of the election, however, would be decided by the Board of Elections, created by the Goebel Election Law. Newspapers across the state, both Democratic and Republican, called for the board's decision to be accepted as final. Tensions grew as the date for the board's hearings drew near, and small bands of armed men from heavily Republican eastern Kentucky began to arrive in Frankfort, the state capital. Just before the board's decision was announced, the number of armed mountain men was estimated at 500. Although the board was thought to be controlled by Goebel, it rendered a surprise 2–1 decision to let the announced vote tally stand. The board's majority opinion claimed they did not have any judicial power and were thus unable to hear proof or swear witnesses. Taylor was inaugurated on December 12, 1899. Democrats were outraged; party leaders met on December 14 and called on Goebel and Beckham to contest the election. Goebel had been inclined to let the result stand and seek a seat in the U. S. Senate in 1901, but he heeded the wishes of his party's leaders and contested the board's decision.\n\nAllie Young, chairman of the state Democratic Party, called a caucus of the Democratic members of the General Assembly to be held on January 1, 1900. As a result of the caucus, J. C. S. Blackburn was nominated for a seat in the U. S. Senate, Goebel was nominated as president pro tem of the Kentucky Senate, and South Trimble was nominated as speaker of the House. When the General Assembly convened, each Democratic nominee was elected, the party possessing heavy majorities in both houses. Lieutenant Governor Marshall presented a list of committees to the Senate, but that body voted 19–17 to set aside this list and approve a list provided by Goebel instead. Similarly, in the House, the list of committees presented by Speaker Trimble and approved by that body enumerated forty committees, none of them with a Republican majority.\n\nGoebel's and Beckham's challenges to the election results were received by the General Assembly on January 2. The following day, the Assembly appointed a contest committee to investigate the allegations contained in the challenges, voter fraud and illegal military intimidation of voters among them. The members of the committee were drawn at random, although the drawing was likely rigged—only one Republican joined ten Democrats on the committee. (Chance dictated that the committee should have contained four or five Republicans.) The joint committee on the rules recommended that the contest committee report at the pleasure of the General Assembly, that debate was limited once the findings were presented, and that the report be voted on in a joint session of the Assembly. The rules further provided that the speaker of the House would preside over this joint session instead of the lieutenant governor, as was customary. The Republican minority fought these provisions, but the Democratic majority passed them over their opposition.\n\nGoebel's assassination\nRepublicans around the state expected the committee to recommend disqualification of enough ballots to make Goebel governor. Additional armed men from eastern Kentucky filled the capital. Taylor, recognizing that the slightest incident could lead to violence, ordered the men home, and many of them complied. Still, two or three hundred remained, awaiting the election committee's findings. Others remained as witnesses set to testify before the contest committee. Some of these Republican witnesses were arrested by local police, who were mostly Goebel partisans. Governor Taylor issued pardons for some of them, citing their claims the police had robbed them upon their arrest. To avoid arrest for carrying a concealed weapon, many of the Republican partisans began wearing their guns openly, adding to the tensions in the city, but effectively reducing the number of arrests by local police.\n\nOn the morning of January 30, as Goebel and two friends walked toward the capitol building, a shot rang out, and Goebel fell wounded. He was taken to a nearby hotel to be treated for his wounds. Soldiers filled the streets and blocked entrance to the capitol. Defiantly, the contest committee met in Frankfort's city hall. By a strictly party-line vote, they adopted a majority report that claimed Goebel and Beckham had received the most legitimate votes and should be installed in their respective offices.\n\nA little over an hour after the committee's meeting, Governor Taylor declared a state of insurrection and called out the state militia. He called the legislature into special session, not in Frankfort, but in heavily Republican London, which he insisted was a safer location. Defiant Democratic legislators refused to heed the call to London, but when they attempted to convene first in the state capitol and later in other public locations in Frankfort, they found the doors barred by armed citizens. On January 31, 1900, they convened secretly in a Frankfort hotel, with no Republicans present, and voted to certify the findings of the contest committee, invalidating enough votes to make Goebel governor. Goebel was sworn in, and immediately ordered the state militia to stand down. He also ordered the General Assembly to reconvene in Frankfort. The Republican militia refused to disband, and a rival Democratic militia formed across the lawn of the state capitol. Civil war seemed possible.\n\nTaylor apprised President McKinley of the situation in Kentucky. He stopped short of asking for intervention by federal troops, and McKinley assured a delegation of Kentucky's federal legislators that such intervention would occur only as a last resort. Republican legislators made preparations to heed Taylor's call to convene in London on February 5. Meanwhile, in order to resolve any doubts about the legitimacy of their earlier meeting, Democratic legislators met at the state house—no longer being denied entrance by the state militia—and again voted to adopt the majority report declaring Goebel and Beckham the winners of the election. Both men again took the oath of office.\n\nAs a test to see if his gubernatorial authority was still recognized, Taylor issued a pardon for a man convicted of manslaughter in Knott County. The pardon was signed by the proper county officials, but officers at the penitentiary refused to release the man. It was feared Taylor would dispatch the state militia to remove the prisoner, but no further attempts were made to secure his release. Continuing to live under heavy guard in his executive office, Taylor was criticized for not having offered a reward for the capture of Goebel's unknown assailant. Responding that he was not authorized to make an offer in the absence of a request to do so by the officials in Franklin County, he offered a $500 reward from his own money.\n\nGoebel died of his wounds on February 3. He remains the only American governor ever assassinated while in office. With Goebel, the most controversial figure in the election, dead, tensions began to ease somewhat. Leaders from both sides drafted an agreement whereby Taylor and Lieutenant Governor Marshall would step down from their respective offices; in exchange, they would receive immunity from prosecution in any actions they may have taken with regard to Goebel's assassination. The state militia would withdraw from Frankfort, and the Goebel Election Law would be repealed and replaced with a fairer law. Despite the agreement of his allies, Taylor refused to sign the agreement. He did, however, lift the ban on the General Assembly meeting in Frankfort.\n\nLegal challenges\n\nWhen the legislature convened on February 19, two sets of officers attempted to preside. Marshall and Goebel's lieutenant governor, J. C. W. Beckham, both claimed the right to preside over the state senate. Taylor sued to prevent Beckham from exercising any authority in the senate; Beckham counter-sued for possession of the capitol and executive building. The cases were consolidated, and both Republicans and Democrats agreed to let the courts decide the election. On March 10, a circuit court found in favor of Beckham and the Democrats. By a 6–1 vote, the Kentucky Court of Appeals, the state's court of last resort at the time, upheld the circuit court's decision on April 6, legally unseating Taylor and Marshall. The case of Taylor v. Beckham was eventually appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, but the court refused to intervene in the case because it found there were no federal questions involved. The lone justice dissenting from that opinion was Kentuckian John Marshall Harlan.\n\nSixteen indictments were returned in connection with Goebel's assassination, including one against deposed governor Taylor. In May 1900, Taylor fled to Indianapolis, Indiana, and the governor, James A. Mount refused to extradite him for trial. Three others charged in the assassination turned state's evidence. Only five of the sixteen went to trial; two of those were acquitted. Three men were eventually convicted for playing roles in Goebel's assassination. Kentucky's Secretary of State, Caleb Powers, was accused of being the mastermind behind the assassination. Henry Youtsey, the State Auditor of Kentucky, was said to have aided the assassin. James B. Howard, a participant in a bloody feud in Clay County was charged with being the actual assassin.\n\nAccording to the prosecution's theory, the assassin shot Goebel from the secretary of state's office on the first floor of a building next to the state capitol. However, much of the testimony against the accused men was conflicting, and some of it was later proven to be perjured. Most of the state's judges were Democratic supporters of Goebel and juries were packed with partisan Democrats. The appellate courts, however, were largely Republican, and the convictions returned by the lower courts were often overturned, with the cases being remanded for new trials. Howard was tried and convicted in September 1900, January 1902, and April 1903; his final appeal failed, and he was sentenced to life in prison. Powers was also convicted three times—in July 1900, October 1901, and August 1903; a fourth trial in November 1907 ended in a hung jury. In 1908, Powers and Howard were pardoned by Republican governor Augustus E. Willson. Months later, Willson also issued pardons for former governor Taylor and several others still under indictment. Despite the pardon, Taylor seldom returned to Kentucky; he became an insurance executive in Indiana and died there in 1928. Youtsey, the only defendant not to appeal his sentence, was paroled in 1916 and pardoned in 1919 by Democratic governor James D. Black.\n\nSee also\n Brooks–Baxter War – an armed conflict resulting from the 1872 Arkansas gubernatorial election\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n \n \n \n\nKentucky\n1899\nGubernatorial\nNovember 1899 events" ]

[ "Roger Clemens", "Return to the Yankees (2007)" ]

[ "Marcus Arrecinus Clemens (fl. 1st century), was a prefect of the Praetorian Guard during the reign of Vespasian. In return for his faithful service, Clemens was promoted to other important positions, including being twice consul and urban prefect of Rome.\n\nArrecinus Clemens was born into an equestrian family from Pisaurum, being the homonymous son of Emperor Gaius' Praetorian Prefect. Clemens' sister was Arrecina Tertulla, the first wife of the future Emperor Titus. Despite being a member of the Senate, he was placed at the head of the Praetorian Guard in 70 by Vespasian's political ally, Gaius Licinius Mucianus, amidst concerns that the current commander, Arrius Varus, was growing too politically influential. Clemens held the position until June of 71, when Vespasian's son Titus replaced him. According to Tacitus, Clemens was chosen because his father, Marcus Arrecinus Clemens, had honourably commanded the Guard during the reign of Emperor Caligula.\n\nFollowing these events, Clemens held a suffect consulship in 73, governed the province of Hispania Tarraconensis, held a second consulship in 85, and was made city prefect of Rome in 86. \n\nSuetonius relates a harrowing story concerning Clemens' end. The emperor Domitian invited Clemens to accompany him on a drive; as they passed a person both recognized, Domitian turned to Clemens and asked, \"Shall we listen to that rascally fellow tomorrow?\" The next day the \"rascally fellow\" was revealed to be a delator or informer who had brought charges on Clemens; the former Urban Prefect was found guilty and executed. However, Gavin Townend notes an inscription from Rudiae, in the extreme heel of Italy, on which one M. Arrecinus Clemens is commemorated by his wife Cornelia Ocel[lina], suggesting that Suetonius was in error and that Clemens was instead banished and died in exile.\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading \n \n George W. Houston, \"Vespasian's Adlection of Men in Senatum\", American Journal of Philology, 98 (1977), pp. 35-63\n Brian W. Jones and R. Develin, \"M. Arrecinus Clemens\", Antichthon, 10 (1976), pp. 79–83.\n\n1st-century Romans\nClemens, Marcus\nExecuted ancient Roman people\nFlavian dynasty\nPeople executed by the Roman Empire\nPraetorian prefects\nRoman governors of Hispania Tarraconensis\nSuffect consuls of Imperial Rome\nUrban prefects of Rome", "Sir William James Clemens, (27 March 1873 – 4 September 1941) was a senior Australian public servant, best known for his service to the Commonwealth Public Service Board.\n\nLife and career\nClemens was born at Spring Creek, Beechworth, Victoria on 27 March 1873. His parents were James and Catherine Clemens.\n\nClemens joined the Victorian Public Service in 1899. In 1901, the year of Federation, Clemens transferred into the Commonwealth Public Service.\n\nIn June 1928, Clemens was appointed Secretary of the Department of Home and Territories, and later that year Secretary of the Department of Home Affairs.\n\nIn 1929, Clemens was appointed third commissioner of the Public Service Board. In 1931, he was appointed sole Public Service Commissioner after the retirement of W.J. Skewes as Chairman of the Public Service Board.\nIn 1937, Clemens retired from the public service.\n\nIn 1938, the Australian Government appointed Clemens to conduct an inquiry into the high cost of living in Canberra. As part of the inquiry, Clemens was tasked with investigating why the costs of meat, vegetables, milk, groceries and other food in Canberra was much higher than in other nearby cities. While the inquiry was not a Royal Commission, Clemens was still granted the powers to call witnesses, take evidence under oath, and demand the production of books and documents. His report, delivered in March 1939, in six sections, recommended administrative action against monopolies controlling supply in the ACT.\n\nClemens died in Melbourne on 4 September 1941, following an operation.\n\nAwards and honours\nClemens was appointed a Companion of the Imperial Service Order in June 1925 whilst Secretary of the Public Service Board. In June 1934, he was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George for his services as Commissioner of the Commonwealth Service Board. In 1937 he was made a Knight Bachelor.\n\nIn November 2004, a street in Canberra's central business district was named William Clemens Street in Clemens' honour.\n\nReferences\n\n1873 births\n1941 deaths\nAustralian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George\nAustralian Knights Bachelor\nAustralian public servants\nDeaths from cancer in Victoria (Australia)\nAustralian Companions of the Imperial Service Order\n20th-century Australian public servants" ]

[ "Roger Clemens", "Return to the Yankees (2007)", "When was Clemens born?", "I don't know." ]

[ "William Roger Clemens (born August 4, 1962), nicknamed \"Rocket\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), primarily with the Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees. Clemens was one of the most dominant pitchers in major league history, tallying 354 wins, a 3.12 earned run average (ERA), and 4,672 strikeouts, the third-most all time. An 11-time All-Star and two-time World Series champion, he won seven Cy Young Awards during his career, more than any other pitcher in history. Clemens was known for his fierce competitive nature and hard-throwing pitching style, which he used to intimidate batters.\n\nClemens debuted in MLB in 1984 with the Red Sox, whose pitching staff he anchored for 12 years. In 1986, he won the American League (AL) Cy Young Award, the AL Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award, and the All-Star Game MVP Award, and he struck out an MLB-record 20 batters in a single game. After the 1996 season, in which he achieved his second 20-strikeout performance, Clemens left Boston via free agency and joined the Toronto Blue Jays. In each of his two seasons with Toronto, Clemens won a Cy Young Award, as well as the pitching triple crown by leading the league in wins, ERA, and strikeouts. Prior to the 1999 season, Clemens was traded to the Yankees where he won his two World Series titles. In 2001, Clemens became the first pitcher in major league history to start a season with a win-loss record of 20–1. In 2003, he reached his 300th win and 4,000th strikeout in the same game. Clemens left for the Houston Astros in 2004, where he spent three seasons and won his seventh Cy Young Award. He rejoined the Yankees in 2007 for one last season before retiring. He is the only pitcher in Major League history to record over 350 wins and strike out over 4,500 batters.\n\nClemens was alleged by the Mitchell Report to have used anabolic steroids during his late career, mainly based on testimony given by his former trainer, Brian McNamee. Clemens firmly denied these allegations under oath before the United States Congress, leading congressional leaders to refer his case to the Justice Department on suspicions of perjury. On August 19, 2010, a federal grand jury at the U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C., indicted Clemens on six felony counts involving perjury, false statements and Contempt of Congress. Clemens pleaded not guilty, but proceedings were complicated by prosecutorial misconduct, leading to a mistrial. The verdict from his second trial came in June 2012, when Clemens was found not guilty on all six counts of lying to Congress. These controversies hurt his chances for election to the Baseball Hall of Fame. He never received the 75% of the votes required in his ten years of eligibility, ending with 65.2% in 2022.\n\nEarly life\nClemens was born in Dayton, Ohio, the fifth child of Bill and Bess (Lee) Clemens. He is of German descent, his great-grandfather Joseph Clemens having immigrated in the 1880s. Clemens's parents separated when he was an infant. His mother soon married Woody Booher, whom Clemens considers his father. Booher died when Clemens was nine years old, and Clemens has said that the only time he ever felt envious of other players was when he saw them in the clubhouse with their fathers. Clemens lived in Vandalia, Ohio, until 1977, and then spent most of his high school years in Houston, Texas. At Spring Woods High School, Clemens played baseball for longtime head coach Charles Maiorana and also played football and basketball. He was scouted by the Philadelphia Phillies and Minnesota Twins during his senior year, but opted to go to college.\n\nCollegiate career\nHe began his college career pitching for San Jacinto College North in 1981, where he was 9–2. The New York Mets selected Clemens in the 12th round of the 1981 Major League Baseball draft, but he did not sign. He then attended the University of Texas at Austin, compiling a 25–7 record in two All-American seasons, and was on the mound when the Longhorns won the 1983 College World Series. He became the first player to have his baseball uniform number retired at the University of Texas. In 2004, the Rotary Smith Award, given to America's best college baseball player, was changed to the Roger Clemens Award, honoring the best pitcher.\n\nAt Texas, Clemens pitched 35 consecutive scoreless innings, an NCAA record that stood until Justin Pope broke it in 2001.\n\nProfessional career\n\nBoston Red Sox (1984–1996)\nClemens was selected in the first round (19th overall) of the 1983 MLB draft by the Boston Red Sox and quickly rose through the minor league system, making his MLB debut on May 15, 1984. An undiagnosed torn labrum threatened to end his career early; he underwent successful arthroscopic surgery by Dr. James Andrews.\n\nIn 1986, Clemens won the American League MVP award, finishing with a 24–4 record, 2.48 ERA, and 238 strikeouts. Clemens started the 1986 All-Star Game in the Astrodome and was named the Most Valuable Player of the contest by throwing three perfect innings and striking out two. He also won the first of his seven Cy Young Awards. When Hank Aaron said that pitchers should not be eligible for the MVP, Clemens responded: \"I wish he were still playing. I'd probably crack his head open to show him how valuable I was.\" Clemens was the only starting pitcher since Vida Blue in 1971 to win a league MVP award until Justin Verlander won the award in 2011.\n\nOn April 29, 1986, Clemens became the first pitcher in MLB history to strike out 20 batters in a nine-inning game, against the Seattle Mariners at Boston's Fenway Park. Following his performance, Clemens made the cover of Sports Illustrated which carried the headline \"Lord of the K's [strikeouts].\" Other than Clemens, only Kerry Wood and Max Scherzer have matched the total. (Randy Johnson fanned 20 batters in nine innings on May 8, 2001. However, as the game went into extra innings, it is not categorized as occurring in a nine-inning game. Tom Cheney holds the record for any game: 21 strikeouts in 16 innings.) Clemens attributes his switch from what he calls a \"thrower\" to a \"pitcher\" to the partial season Hall of Fame pitcher Tom Seaver spent with the Red Sox in 1986.\n\nFacing the California Angels in the 1986 ALCS, Clemens pitched poorly in the opening game, watched the Boston bullpen blow his 3–1 lead in the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 4, and then pitched a strong Game 7 to wrap up the series for Boston. The League Championship Series clincher was Clemens's first postseason career victory. He did not win his second until 13 years later. After a victory in game five, Boston led 3 games to 2 over the New York Mets in the 1986 World Series with Clemens set to start game six at Shea Stadium. Clemens who was pitching on five days rest started strong by striking out eight while throwing a no-hitter through four innings. In the top of eighth and with Boston ahead 3–2, manager John McNamara sent rookie Mike Greenwell to pinch hit for Roger Clemens. It was initially said that Clemens was removed from the game due to a blister forming on one of his fingers, but both he and McNamara dispute this. Clemens said to Bob Costas on an MLB Network program concerning the 1986 postseason that McNamara decided to pull him despite Clemens wanting to pitch. McNamara said to Costas that Clemens \"begged out\" of the game. The Mets rallied and took both game six and seven to win the World Series.\n\nThe Red Sox had a miserable 1987 season, finishing at 78–84, though Clemens won his second consecutive Cy Young Award with a 20–9 record, 2.97 ERA, 256 strikeouts, and seven shutouts. He was the first AL pitcher with back-to-back 20-win seasons since Tommy John won 20 with the Yankees in 1979 and '80. Boston rebounded with success in 1988 and 1990, clinching the AL East Division each year, but were swept by the Oakland Athletics in each ALCS matchup. His greatest postseason failure came in the second inning of the final game of the 1990 ALCS, when he was ejected for arguing balls and strikes with umpire Terry Cooney, accentuating the A's four-game sweep of the Red Sox. He was suspended for the first five games of the 1991 season and fined $10,000.\n\nClemens led the American League in 1988 with 291 strikeouts and a career-high 8 shutouts. On September 10, 1988, Clemens threw a one-hitter against the Cleveland Indians at Fenway Park. Dave Clark's one-out single in the eighth inning was the only hit Clemens allowed in the game. In a 9–1 victory over Cleveland on April 13, 1989, Clemens recorded his 1,000 career strikeout by fanning Brook Jacoby with the bases loaded in the second inning. Clemens finished second to Oakland's Bob Welch for the 1990 AL Cy Young Award, despite the fact that Clemens crushed Welch in ERA (1.93 to 2.95), strikeouts (209 to 127), walks (54 to 77), home runs allowed (7 to 26), and WAR (10.4 to 2.9). Clemens did, however, capture his third Cy Young Award in 1991 with an 18–10 record, 2.62 ERA, and 241 strikeouts. On June 21, 1989, Clemens surrendered the first of 609 home runs in the career of Sammy Sosa.\n\nClemens accomplished the 20-strikeout feat twice, the only player ever to do so. The second performance came more than 10 years later, on September 18, 1996, against the Detroit Tigers at Tiger Stadium. This second 20-K day occurred in his third-to-last game as a member of the Boston Red Sox. Later, the Tigers presented him with a baseball containing the autographs of each batter who had struck out (those with multiple strikeouts signed the appropriate number of times).\n\nThe Red Sox did not re-sign Clemens following the 1996 season, despite leading the A.L. with 257 strikeouts and offering him \"by far the most money ever offered to a player in the history of the Red Sox franchise.\" General Manager Dan Duquette remarked that he \"hoped to keep him in Boston during the twilight of his career\", but Clemens left and signed with the Toronto Blue Jays.\n\nThe emphasis on the misquoted 1996 \"twilight\" comment took on a life of its own following Clemens's post-Boston successes, and Duquette was vilified for letting the star pitcher go. Ultimately, Clemens would go on to have a record of 162–73 for the rest of his career after leaving the Red Sox.\n\nClemens recorded 192 wins and 38 shutouts for the Red Sox, both tied with Cy Young for the franchise record and is their all-time strikeout leader with 2,590. Clemens's overall postseason record with Boston was 1–2 with a 3.88 ERA, and 45 strikeouts, and 19 walks in 56 innings. No Red Sox player has worn his uniform #21 since Clemens left the team in the 1996–97 offseason.\n\nToronto Blue Jays (1997–1998)\nClemens signed a four-year, $40 million deal with the Toronto Blue Jays after the 1996 season. In his first start in Fenway Park as a member of the Blue Jays, he pitched eight innings allowing only 4 hits and 1 earned run. 16 of his 24 outs were strikeouts, and every batter who faced him struck out at least once. As he left the field following his last inning of work, he stared up angrily towards the owner's box.\n\nClemens was dominant in his two seasons with the Blue Jays, winning the pitching Triple Crown and the Cy Young Award in both seasons (1997: 21–7 record, 2.05 ERA, and 292 strikeouts; 1998: 20–6 record, 2.65 ERA, and 271 strikeouts). After the 1998 season, Clemens asked to be traded, indicating that he did not believe the Blue Jays would be competitive enough the following year and that he was dedicated to winning a championship.\n\nNew York Yankees (1999–2003)\nClemens was traded to the New York Yankees before the 1999 season for David Wells, Homer Bush, and Graeme Lloyd. Since his longtime uniform number #21 was in use by teammate Paul O'Neill, Clemens initially wore #12, before switching mid-season to #22.\n\nClemens made an immediate impact on the Yankees' staff, anchoring the top of the rotation as the team went on to win a pair of World Series titles in 1999 and 2000. During the 1999 regular season, Clemens posted a 14–10 record with a 4.60 ERA. He logged a pair of wins in the postseason, though he lost Game 3 of the 1999 ALCS in a matchup against Red Sox ace Pedro Martínez, which was the Yankees' only loss in the 1999 playoffs. Clemens pitched 7.2 innings of 1-run baseball during the Yankees' game 4 clincher over the Atlanta Braves. Clemens followed up with a strong 2000 season, in which he finished with a 13–8 record with a 3.70 ERA for the regular season. During the 2000 postseason, he helped the Yankees win their third consecutive championship. Clemens set the ALCS record for strikeouts in a game when he fanned 15 batters in a one-hit shutout of the Seattle Mariners in Game 4 of the ALCS. A seventh-inning lead-off double by Seattle's Al Martin was all that prevented Clemens from throwing what was, at the time, only the second no-hitter in postseason history. In Game 2 of the 2000 World Series, Clemens pitched eight scoreless innings against the New York Mets.\n\nIn 2001, Clemens became the first pitcher in MLB history to start a season 20–1 (finishing 20–3) and winning his sixth Cy Young Award. As of the 2020 season, he is the last Yankee pitcher to win the Cy Young Award. Clemens started for the Yankees in Game 7 of the 2001 World Series against the Arizona Diamondbacks, where he dueled Curt Schilling to a standstill after 6 innings, yielding only one run. The Diamondbacks went on to win the game in the 9th.\n\nEarly in 2003, Clemens announced his retirement, effective at the end of that season. On June 13, 2003, pitching against the St. Louis Cardinals in Yankee Stadium, Clemens recorded his 300th career win and 4,000th career strikeout, the only player in history to record both milestones in the same game. The 300th win came on his fourth try; the Yankee bullpen had blown his chance of a win in his previous two attempts. He became the 21st pitcher ever to record 300 wins and the third ever to record 4,000 strikeouts. His career record upon reaching the milestones was 300–155. Clemens finished the season with a 17–9 record and a 3.91 ERA.\n\nThe end of Clemens's 2003 season became a series of public farewells met with appreciative cheering. His last games in each AL park were given extra attention, particularly his final regular-season appearance in Fenway Park, when despite wearing the uniform of the hated arch-rival, he was afforded a standing ovation by Red Sox fans as he left the field. (This spectacle was repeated when the Yankees ended up playing the Red Sox in the 2003 ALCS and Clemens got a second \"final start\" in his original stadium.) As part of a tradition of manager Joe Torre, Clemens was chosen to manage the Yankees' last game of the regular season. Clemens made one start in the World Series against the Florida Marlins; when he left trailing 3–1 after seven innings, the Marlins left their dugout to give him a standing ovation.\n\nHouston Astros (2004–2006)\n\nClemens came out of retirement, signing a one-year deal with his adopted hometown Houston Astros on January 12, 2004, joining close friend and former Yankees teammate Andy Pettitte. On May 5, 2004, Clemens recorded his 4,137th career strikeout to place him second on the all-time list behind Nolan Ryan. He was named the starter for the National League All-Star team but ultimately was the losing pitcher in that game after allowing six runs on five hits, including a three-run home run to Alfonso Soriano. Clemens finished the season with an 18–4 record, and was awarded his seventh Cy Young Award, becoming the oldest player ever to win the Cy Young at age 42. This made him one of six pitchers to win the award in both leagues, joining Gaylord Perry, Pedro Martínez, and Randy Johnson and later joined by Roy Halladay and Max Scherzer. Clemens was the losing pitcher for the Astros in Game Seven of the 2004 NLCS against the St. Louis Cardinals, allowing four runs in six innings. Although he pitched well, he tired in the sixth inning, surrendering all four runs.\n\nClemens again decided to put off retirement before the 2005 season after the Houston Astros offered salary arbitration. The Astros submitted an offer of $13.5 million, and Clemens countered with a record $22 million demand. On January 21, 2005, both sides agreed on a one-year, $18,000,022 contract, thus avoiding arbitration. The deal gave Clemens the highest yearly salary earned by a pitcher in MLB history.\n\nClemens's 2005 season ended as one of the finest he had ever posted. His 1.87 ERA was the lowest in the major leagues, the lowest of his 22-season career, and the lowest by any National Leaguer since Greg Maddux in 1995. He finished with a 13–8 record, with his lower win total primarily due to the fact that he ranked near the bottom of the major leagues in run support. The Astros scored an average of only 3.5 runs per game in games in which he was the pitcher of record. The Astros were shut out nine times in Clemens's 32 starts, and failed to score in a 10th until after Clemens was out of the game. The Astros lost five of Clemens's starts by scores of 1–0. In April, Clemens did not allow a run in three consecutive starts. However, the Astros lost all three of those starts by a 1–0 score in extra innings.\n\nClemens won an emotional start on September 15, following his mother's death that morning. In his final start of the 2005 season, Clemens got his 4,500th strikeout. On October 9, 2005, Clemens made his first relief appearance since 1984, entering as a pinch hitter in the 15th, then pitching three innings to get the win as the Astros defeated the Atlanta Braves in Game 4 of the NLDS. It is the longest postseason game in MLB history at 18 innings. Clemens lasted only two innings in Game 1 of the 2005 World Series, and the Astros went on to be swept by the Chicago White Sox. It was the Astros' first World Series appearance. Clemens had aggravated a hamstring pull that had limited his performance since at least September.\n\nClemens said that he would retire again after the World Series but he wanted to represent the United States in the inaugural World Baseball Classic, which would be played in March 2006. He went 1–1 in the tournament, with a 2.08 ERA, striking out 10 batters in innings. After pitching in a second-round loss to Mexico that eliminated the United States, Clemens began considering a return to the major leagues. On May 31, 2006, following another extended period of speculation, it was announced that Clemens was coming out of retirement for the third time to pitch for the Astros for the remainder of the 2006 season. Clemens signed a contract worth $22,000,022 (his uniform number #22). Since Clemens did not play a full season, he received a prorated percentage of that: approximately $12.25 million. Clemens made his return on June 22, 2006, against the Minnesota Twins, losing to their rookie phenom, Francisco Liriano, 4–2. For the second year in a row, his win total did not match his performance, as he finished the season with a 7–6 record, a 2.30 ERA, and a 1.04 WHIP. However, Clemens averaged just under 6 innings in his starts and never pitched into the eighth.\n\nReturn to the Yankees (2007)\n\nClemens unexpectedly appeared in the owner's box at Yankee Stadium on May 6, 2007, during the seventh-inning stretch of a game against the Seattle Mariners, and made a brief statement: \"Thank y'all. Well they came and got me out of Texas, and uhh, I can tell you it's a privilege to be back. I'll be talkin' to y'all soon.\" It was simultaneously announced that Clemens had rejoined the Yankees roster, agreeing to a pro-rated one-year deal worth $28,000,022, or about $4.7 million per month. Over the contract life, he would make $18.7 million. This equated to just over $1 million per start that season.\n\nClemens made his 2007 return on June 9, defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates by pitching six innings with seven strikeouts and three runs allowed. On June 21, with a single in the 5th inning against the Colorado Rockies, Clemens became the oldest New York Yankee to record a hit (44 years, 321 days). On June 24, Clemens pitched an inning in relief against the San Francisco Giants. It had been 22 years and 341 days since his previous regular-season relief appearance, the longest such gap in major league history. On July 2, Clemens collected his 350th win against the Minnesota Twins at Yankee Stadium, giving up just two hits and one run over eight innings. Clemens is one of only three pitchers to pitch his entire career in the live-ball era and reach 350 wins. The other two are Warren Spahn (whose catcher for his 350th win was Joe Torre, Clemens's manager for his 350th), and Greg Maddux, who earned his 350th win in 2008. His final regular-season appearance was a start against the Red Sox at Fenway Park, in which he allowed two hits and one unearned run in six innings, and received a no-decision. Clemens finished the 2007 regular season with a record of 6–6 and a 4.18 ERA.\n\nClemens was forced to leave Game 3 of the 2007 ALDS in the third inning after aggravating a hamstring injury. He struck out Victor Martinez of the Cleveland Indians with his final pitch, and was replaced by right-hander Phil Hughes. Yankees manager Joe Torre removed Clemens from the roster due to his injury, and replaced him with left-hander Ron Villone. Clemens's overall postseason record with the Yankees was 7–4 with a 2.97 ERA, 98 strikeouts and 35 walks in 102 innings.\n\nPitching appearances after retirement\nOn August 20, 2012, Clemens signed with the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He made his debut for the Skeeters against the Bridgeport Bluefish on August 25, 2012, in front of a crowd of 7,724. It was the first time the 50-year-old had taken the mound in almost five years. Clemens pitched scoreless innings and struck out two: former major leaguers Joey Gathright and Prentice Redman. He also retired Luis Figueroa, who played briefly with the Pirates, Blue Jays and the Giants. Clemens allowed only one hit and no walks on 37 pitches in the Skeeters' 1–0 victory. Clemens made his second start for the Skeeters on September 7 against the Long Island Ducks. He pitched scoreless innings, with his son, Koby, as his catcher. He retired former New York Met outfielder Timo Perez for the final out in the fourth inning, and was named the winning pitcher by the official scorer. Clemens's fastball was clocked as high as 88 mph, and the Astros sent scouts to both of his outings with the Skeeters in consideration of a possible return to the team that season.\n\nRoger Clemens joined the Kansas Stars, a group of 24 retired major leaguers and his son Koby, to compete in the 2016 National Baseball Congress World Series. The team was put together by Kansas natives Adam LaRoche and Nate Robertson, and featured eleven former All-Stars, including Tim Hudson, Roy Oswalt, and J. D. Drew as well as Clemens. Pitching just six days after his 54th birthday, Clemens started for the Kansas Stars in a game against the NJCAA National Team on August 10, 2016. He pitched innings, allowing 3 runs with one strikeout in an 11–10 loss. On August 22, 2019, Clemens wore his Red Sox uniform and pitched in the Abbot Financial Management Oldtime Baseball Game, an annual charity event held at St. Peter's Field in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The 2019 game benefitted Compassionate Care ALS, in memory of longtime Fenway Park supervisor John Welch, who died from Lou Gehrig's Disease in December 2018. Facing mostly young college players, Clemens pitched two shutout innings in the game, then moved to first base.\n\nPitching style\nClemens was a prototypical power pitcher with an aggressive edge for his entire career. This was especially the case when he was a young man. Clemens was said to throw \"two pitches: a 98-mph fastball and a hard breaking ball. At 23, Clemens simply reared back and threw the ball past batters.\" Later in his career, Clemens developed a devastating split-finger fastball to use as an off-speed pitch in concert with his fastball. Clemens has jocularly referred to this pitch as \"Mr. Splitty\".\n\nBy the time Clemens retired from Major League Baseball in 2007, his four-seam fastball had settled in the 91–94 mph range. He also threw a two-seam fastball, a slider in the mid 80s, his hard splitter, and an occasional curveball. Clemens was a highly durable pitcher, leading the American League in complete games three times and innings pitched twice. His 18 complete games in 1987 is more than any pitcher has thrown since. Clemens was also known as a strikeout pitcher, leading the AL in K's five times and strikeouts per nine innings three times.\n\nControversies\nClemens has been the focal point of several controversies. His reputation has always been that of a pitcher unafraid to throw close to batters. Clemens led his league in hit batsmen only once, in 1995, but he was among the leaders in several other seasons. This tendency was more pronounced during his earlier career and subsequently tapered off. After the 2000 ALCS game against the Mariners where he knocked down future teammate Alex Rodriguez and then argued with him, Seattle Mariners manager Lou Piniella called Clemens a \"headhunter.\" His beaning earlier that year of Mike Piazza, followed by throwing a broken-bat in Piazza's direction in the 2000 World Series, cemented Clemens's surly, unapologetic image in the minds of many. In 2009, former manager Cito Gaston publicly denounced Clemens as a \"double-talker\" and \"a complete asshole\". Clemens was ranked 14th all-time in hit batsmen after the 2020 season. 14th all time may be misleading, as his rate of hit batsmen per batter faced is not out of line with other pitchers of his era at 1 hit batsmen per 125 batters faced. Numbers reflect similar rate of hit batsmen to pitchers such as Nolan Ryan, Justin Verlander, Greg Maddux.\n\nClemens has attracted controversy over the years for his outspoken comments, such as his complaints about having to carry his own luggage through an airport and his criticism of Fenway Park for being a subpar facility. On April 4, 2006, Clemens made an insulting remark when asked about the devotion of Japanese and South Korean fans during the World Baseball Classic: \"None of the dry cleaners were open, they were all at the game, Japan and Korea\". Toward the end of his career, his annual on-and-off \"retirements\" revived a reputation for diva-like behavior.\n\nClemens has received criticism for getting special treatment from the teams that sign him. While playing for Houston, Clemens was not obliged to travel with the team on road trips if he was not pitching. His 2007 contract with the New York Yankees had a \"family plan\" clause that stipulated that he not be required to go on road trips in which he was not scheduled to pitch and allowed him to leave the team between starts to be with his family. These perks were publicly criticized by Yankee reliever Kyle Farnsworth. Most of Clemens's teammates, however, did not complain of such perks because of Clemens's success on the mound and valuable presence in the clubhouse. Yankee teammate Jason Giambi spoke for such players when he said, \"I'd carry his bags for him, just as long as he is on the mound.\"\n\nSteroid use accusations \nIn José Canseco's book, Juiced: Wild Times, Rampant 'Roids, Smash Hits & How Baseball Got Big, Canseco suggested that Clemens had expert knowledge about steroids and suggested that he used them, based on the improvement in his performance after leaving the Red Sox. While not addressing the allegations directly, Clemens stated: \"I could care less about the rules\" and \"I've talked to some friends of his and I've teased them that when you're under house arrest and have ankle bracelets on, you have a lot of time to write a book.\"\n\nJason Grimsley named Clemens, as well as Andy Pettitte, as a user of performance-enhancing drugs. According to a 20-page search warrant affidavit signed by IRS Special Agent Jeff Novitzky, Grimsley told investigators he obtained amphetamines, anabolic steroids and human growth hormone from someone recommended to him by former Yankees trainer Brian McNamee. McNamee was a personal strength coach for Clemens and Pettitte, hired by Clemens in 1998. At the time of the Grimsley revelations, McNamee denied knowledge of steroid use by Clemens and Pettitte. Despite initial media reports, the affidavit made no mention of Clemens or Pettitte.\n\nHowever, Clemens's name was mentioned 82 times in the Mitchell Report on steroid use in baseball. In the report, McNamee stated that during the 1998, 2000, and 2001 baseball seasons, he injected Clemens with Winstrol. Clemens's attorney Rusty Hardin denied the claims, calling McNamee \"a troubled and unreliable witness\" who has changed his story five times in an attempt to avoid criminal prosecution. He noted that Clemens has never tested positive in a steroid test. Former U.S. Senator George Mitchell, who prepared the report, stated that he relayed the allegations to each athlete implicated in the report and gave them a chance to respond before his findings were published.\n\nOn January 6, 2008, Clemens went on 60 Minutes to address the allegations. He told Mike Wallace that his longevity in baseball was due to \"hard work\" rather than illegal substances and denied all of McNamee's assertions that he injected Clemens with steroids, saying it \"never happened\". On January 7, Clemens filed a defamation lawsuit against McNamee, claiming that the former trainer lied after being threatened with prosecution. McNamee's attorneys argued that he was compelled to cooperate by federal officials and so his statements were protected. A federal judge agreed, throwing out all claims related to McNamee's statements to investigators on February 13, 2009, but allowing the case to proceed on statements McNamee made about Clemens to Pettitte.\n\nOn February 13, 2008, Clemens appeared before a Congressional committee, along with Brian McNamee and swore under oath that he did not take steroids, that he did not discuss HGH with McNamee, that he did not attend a party at José Canseco's where steroids were the topic of conversation, that he was only injected with B-12 and lidocaine and that he never told Pettitte he had taken HGH. This last point was in contradiction to testimony Pettitte had given under oath on February 4, 2008, wherein Pettitte said he repeated to McNamee a conversation Pettitte had with Clemens. During this conversation, Pettitte said Clemens had told him that McNamee had injected Clemens with human growth hormone. Pettitte said McNamee reacted angrily, saying that Clemens \"shouldn't have done that.\"<ref name=tj>Quinn, T.J. \"In court of public opinion, a Clemens verdict: Game over.\" ESPN.com,\nDecember 12, 2008. Retrieved November 6, 2017.</ref>\n\nThe bipartisan House committee in front of which Clemens appeared, citing seven apparent inconsistencies in Clemens's testimony, recommended that the Justice Department investigate whether Clemens lied under oath about using performance-enhancing drugs. In a letter sent February 27 to Attorney General Michael Mukasey, House Oversight and Government Reform Committee chairman Henry Waxman and ranking Republican Tom Davis said Clemens's testimony that he \"never used anabolic steroids or human growth hormone warrants further investigation\".\n\nAs a result of the Mitchell Report, Clemens was asked to end his involvement with the Giff Nielsen Day of Golf for Kids charity tournament in Houston that he has hosted for four years. As well, his name has been removed from the Houston-based Roger Clemens Institute for Sports Medicine and will be renamed the Memorial Hermann Sports Medicine Institute.\n\nAfter Washington prosecutors showed \"a renewed interest in the case in the final months of 2008\", a federal grand jury was convened in January 2009 to hear evidence of Clemens's possible perjury before Congress. The grand jury indicted Clemens on August 19, 2010, on charges of making false statements to Congress about his use of performance-enhancing drugs. The indictment charges Clemens with one count of obstruction of Congress, three counts of making false statements and two counts of perjury in connection with his February 2008 testimony.\n\nHis first trial began on July 13, 2011, but on the second day of testimony the judge in the case declared a mistrial over prosecutorial misconduct after prosecutors showed the jury prejudicial evidence they were not allowed to. Clemens was subsequently retried. The verdict from his second trial came in on June 18, 2012. Clemens was found not guilty on all six counts of lying to Congress in 2008, when he testified that he never took performance-enhancing drugs.\n\nIn January 2016, after Clemens once again fell short of the votes required for election into the Hall of Fame, former major-league star Roy Halladay tweeted \"No Clemens no Bonds\" as part of a message indicating no performance-enhancing substance users should be voted into the Hall. Clemens countered by accusing Halladay of using amphetamines during his playing career.\n\nAdultery accusations\nIn April 2008, the New York Daily News reported on a possible long-term relationship between Clemens and country music singer Mindy McCready that began when she was 15 years old. Clemens's attorney Rusty Hardin denied the affair and also stated that Clemens would be bringing a defamation suit regarding this allegation. Clemens's attorney admitted that a relationship existed but described McCready as a \"close family friend\". He also stated that McCready had traveled on Clemens's personal jet and that Clemens's wife was aware of the relationship. However, when contacted by the Daily News, McCready said, \"I cannot refute anything in the story.\"\n\nOn November 17, 2008, McCready spoke in more detail to Inside Edition about her affair with Clemens, saying their relationship lasted for more than a decade and that it ended when Clemens refused to leave his wife to marry her. However, she denied that she was 15 years old when it began, saying that they met when she was 16 and the affair only became sexual \"several years later\". In another soon-to-be-released sex tape by Vivid Entertainment she claimed that the first time she had sex with him was when she was 21. She also said that he often had erectile dysfunction. A few days after the Daily News broke the story about the McCready relationship, they reported on another Clemens extramarital relationship, this time with Paulette Dean Daly, the now ex-wife of pro golfer John Daly. Daly declined to elaborate on the nature of her relationship with the pitcher but did not deny that it was romantic and included financial support.\n\nThere have been reports of Clemens having at least three other affairs with women. On April 29, 2008, the New York Post reported that Clemens had relationships with two or more women. One, a former bartender in Manhattan, refused comment on the story, while another, a woman from Tampa, could not be located. On May 2 of the same year, the Daily News reported a stripper in Detroit called a local radio station and said she had an affair with Clemens. He also gave tickets to baseball games, jewelry, and trips to women he was wooing.\n\nOther media\n\nClemens has appeared as himself in several movies and television episodes and has also occasionally acted in films. Perhaps best known was his appearance in the season three episode of The Simpsons (\"Homer at the Bat\"), in which he is recruited to the Springfield nuclear plant's softball team but is accidentally hypnotized into thinking he is a chicken; in addition to his lines, Clemens voiced his own clucking. Clemens has also made guest appearances as himself on the TV shows Hope & Faith, Spin City, Arli$$, and Saturday Night Live as well as the movie Anger Management, and makes a brief appearance in the movie Kingpin as the character Skidmark. He also is shown playing an actual game with the Houston Astros in the film Boyhood.\n\nHe appeared in the 1994 movie Cobb as an unidentified pitcher for the Philadelphia A's. In 2003, he was part of an advertising campaign for Armour hot dogs with MLB players Ken Griffey Jr., Derek Jeter, and Sammy Sosa. Since 2005, Clemens has also appeared in many commercials for Texas-based supermarket chain H-E-B. In 2007, he appeared on a baseball-themed episode of MythBusters (\"Baseball Myths\"). He has also starred in a commercial for Cingular parodying his return from retirement. He was calling his wife, Debra Godfrey, and a dropped call resulted in his return to the Yankees.\n\nHe released an early autobiography, Rocket Man: The Roger Clemens Story written with Peter Gammons, in 1987. Clemens is also the spokesperson for Champion car dealerships in South Texas. In April 2009, Clemens was the subject of an unauthorized biography by Jeff Pearlman, titled The Rocket that Fell to Earth-Roger Clemens and the Rage for Baseball Immortality, that focused on his childhood and early career and accused Mike Piazza of using steroids. On May 12, Clemens broke a long silence to denounce a heavily researched expose by four investigative reporters from the New York Daily News, called American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime. Clemens went on ESPN's Mike and Mike show to call the book \"garbage\", but a review by Michiko Kakutani of The New York Times called the book \"gripping\" and compared it to the work of Bob Woodward.\n\nAwards and recognition\nIn 1999, while many of his performances and milestones were yet to come he ranked number 53 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected by the fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. In 2005, the updated Sporting News list moved Clemens up to #15.\n\nBy the end of the 2005 season, Clemens had won seven Cy Young Awards (he won the AL award in 1986, 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998, and 2001, and the National League award in 2004), an MVP and two pitching triple crowns. With his 2004 win, he joined Gaylord Perry, Randy Johnson, and Pedro Martínez as the only pitchers to win it in both leagues and became the oldest pitcher to ever win the Cy Young. He has also won the Sporting News Pitcher of the Year Award five times, was named an All-Star 11 times, and won the All-Star MVP in 1986.\n\nIn October 2006, Clemens was named to Sports Illustrateds \"all-time\" team.\n\nOn August 18, 2007, Clemens got his 1,000th strikeout as a Yankee. He is only the ninth player in major league history to record 1,000 or more strikeouts with two different teams. Clemens has recorded a total of 2,590 strikeouts as a member of the Red Sox and 1,014 strikeouts as a Yankee. He also had 563 strikeouts for Toronto, and 505 strikeouts for Houston.\n\nClemens was inducted into the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame in 2014, and was inducted into the Pawtucket Red Sox Hall of Fame on June 21, 2019.\n\nNational Baseball Hall of Fame consideration\nIn 2013 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, his first year of eligibility, Clemens received 37.6% of the votes cast by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA), falling well short of the 75% required for induction into the Hall of Fame. He has garnered more votes in subsequent elections without reaching the 75% threshold: he received 59.5% in 2019, 61.0% in 2020, and 61.6% in 2021. With the inductions of Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine in 2014 and Randy Johnson in 2015, Clemens is currently the only eligible member of the 300 win club not to be inducted into the Hall. He received 65.2% of the votes in his final year of eligibility, 2022.\n\nDespite falling off the ballot, Clemens is still eligible for induction through the Hall of Fame’s Today’s Game Committee. The committee is a 16-member electorate “comprised of members of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, executives, and veteran media members\" (hence the nickname of “veteran’s committee”) who consider retired players who lost ballot eligibility while still having made notable contributions to baseball from 1986-2016. Voting will be held in December 2022, and 12 votes are required for induction.\n\nPersonal life\nClemens married Debra Lynn Godfrey (born May 27, 1963) on November 24, 1984. The couple has four sons: Koby Aaron, Kory Allen, Kacy Austin, and Kody Alec—all given \"K\" names to honor Clemens's strikeouts (\"K's\"). Koby was at one time a minor league prospect for some MLB clubs. Kacy played college baseball for the Texas Longhorns and was drafted by the Blue Jays in the eighth round of the 2017 Major League Baseball draft. Kacy is an infielder who is currently a free agent. Kody also played college baseball for the Texas Longhorns and was drafted 79th overall by the Detroit Tigers in the third round of the 2018 Major League Baseball draft.\n\nDebra once left a Red Sox game, when Clemens pitched for another team, in tears from the heckling she received. This is documented in an updated later edition to Dan Shaughnessy's best-selling book, Curse of the Bambino. Debra also was quoted in the book as stating that it was the poor attitude of Red Sox fans that prevented the team from ever winning the World Series (this was quoted prior to the Red Sox' 2004 World Series victory).\n\nClemens is a member of the Republican Party and donated money to Texas congressman Ted Poe during his 2006 campaign.\n\nDebra posed in a bikini with her husband for a Sports Illustrated pictorial regarding athletes and their wives. This appeared in the annual Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Edition'' for 2003. Roger wore his Yankees uniform, with the jersey open.\nOn February 27, 2006, to train for the World Baseball Classic, Roger pitched in an exhibition game between the Astros and his son's minor league team. In his first at-bat, Koby hit a home run off his father. In his next at-bat, Roger threw an inside pitch that almost hit Koby. Koby laughed in an interview after the game about the incident.\n\nSee also\n\n Houston Astros award winners and league leaders\n List of Boston Red Sox award winners\n List of Boston Red Sox team records\n List of Major League Baseball annual shutout leaders\n List of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders\n List of Major League Baseball career wins leaders\n List of Major League Baseball players named in the Mitchell Report\n List of Major League Baseball single-game strikeout leaders\n List of people from Dayton, Ohio\n List of Toronto Blue Jays team records\n List of University of Texas at Austin alumni\n Major League Baseball titles leaders\n Toronto Blue Jays award winners and league leaders\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nRoger Clemens Foundation\n\n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n\n1962 births\nLiving people\nAmerican expatriate baseball players in Canada\nAmerican League All-Stars\nAmerican League ERA champions\nAmerican League Most Valuable Player Award winners\nAmerican League Pitching Triple Crown winners\nAmerican League strikeout champions\nAmerican League wins champions\nAmerican people of German descent\nBaseball players from Dayton, Ohio\nBoston Red Sox players\nBridgeport Bluefish guest managers\nCorpus Christi Hooks players\nCy Young Award winners\nHouston Astros players\nLexington Legends players\nMajor League Baseball All-Star Game MVPs\nMajor League Baseball controversies\nMajor League Baseball pitchers\nNational League All-Stars\nNational League ERA champions\nNew Britain Red Sox players\nNew York Yankees players\nNorwich Navigators players\nPawtucket Red Sox players\nPeople from Vandalia, Ohio\nRound Rock Express players\nSan Jacinto Central Ravens baseball players\nSarasota Red Sox players\nScranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players\nSugar Land Skeeters players\nTampa Yankees players\nTexas Longhorns baseball players\nTexas Republicans\nTrenton Thunder players\nToronto Blue Jays players\nWinter Haven Red Sox players\nWorld Baseball Classic players of the United States\n2006 World Baseball Classic players", "The New York Yankees' 2000 season was the 98th season for the Yankees in New York, and their 100th overall going back to their origins in Baltimore. New York was managed by Joe Torre. The team finished 1st in the AL East with a record of 87–74, 2.5 games ahead of the Boston Red Sox, after losing 15 of their final 18 games, including their last 7. Despite having the lowest winning percentage of any postseason qualifier in 2000, the Yankees won the World Series over the New York Mets in 5 games to win their 26th World Series title. They are, as of , the last team to win World Series titles in consecutive years.\n\nOffseason\nNovember 29, 1999: Mike Stanton was signed as a Free Agent with the New York Yankees.\nDecember 1, 1999: Chili Davis was released by the New York Yankees.\nDecember 13, 1999: Chad Curtis was traded by the New York Yankees to the Texas Rangers for Brandon Knight and Sam Marsonek.\nDecember 15, 1999: Ryan Thompson signed as a Free Agent with the New York Yankees.\n January 26, 2000: Roberto Kelly signed as a Free Agent with the New York Yankees.\nFebruary 1, 2000: Tim Raines signed as a Free Agent with the New York Yankees.\nMarch 17, 2000: Ted Lilly was Sent by the Montreal Expos to the New York Yankees to complete an earlier deal made on December 22, 1999. The Montreal Expos sent players to be named later and Jake Westbrook to the New York Yankees for Hideki Irabu. The Montreal Expos sent Ted Lilly (March 17, 2000) and Christian Parker (March 22, 2000) to the New York Yankees to complete the trade.\nMarch 23, 2000: Tim Raines was released by the New York Yankees.\n\nNotable transactions\n April 2, 2000: Lance Johnson signed as a Free Agent with the New York Yankees.\nApril 2, 2000: Félix José was signed as a Free Agent with the New York Yankees.\nApril 2, 2000: Ryan Thompson was released by the New York Yankees.\nMay 1, 2000: Ryan Thompson signed as a Free Agent with the New York Yankees.\n May 14, 2000: Randall Simon was signed as a Free Agent with the New York Yankees.\n June 11, 2000: Dwight Gooden signed as a Free Agent with the New York Yankees.\nJune 20, 2000: Jim Leyritz was traded by the New York Yankees to the Los Angeles Dodgers for José Vizcaíno and cash.\n June 29, 2000: David Justice was traded by the Cleveland Indians to the New York Yankees for Ricky Ledée, Jake Westbrook, and Zach Day.\nJuly 12, 2000: Denny Neagle was traded by the Cincinnati Reds with Mike Frank to the New York Yankees for Ed Yarnall, Drew Henson, Brian Reith, and Jackson Melián.\nJuly 21, 2000: Glenallen Hill was traded by the Chicago Cubs to the New York Yankees for Ben Ford and Oswaldo Mairena.\nAugust 3, 2000: Luis Polonia was signed as a Free Agent with the New York Yankees.\n August 7, 2000: José Canseco was selected off waivers by the New York Yankees from the Tampa Bay Devil Rays.\nAugust 7, 2000: Luis Sojo was traded by the Pittsburgh Pirates to the New York Yankees for Chris Spurling.\n\nSeason standings\n\nSeason summary\n\nApril\n\nMay\n\nJune\n\nJuly\n\nAugust\n\nSeptember\nOn September 28, 2000, the Yankees played the Devil Rays at Tampa Bay. In the top of the 2nd inning, Jose Canseco was walked. Tino Martinez then hit a double to center field. The ball was fielded by Gerald Williams and relayed to Mike DiFelice. He tagged Jose Canseco at the plate and proceeded to tag out Tino Martinez who was running right behind Canseco. Mike DiFelice tagged both runners out at the plate.\n\nThe Yankees only played 161 games because they had a game rained out against the Florida Marlins that was not made up due to scheduling constraints and lack of playoff implications.\n\nOctober\n\nRecord vs. opponents\n\nDetailed records\n\nOpening Day starters\n2B Chuck Knoblauch\nSS Derek Jeter\nLF Shane spencer\nCFRicky Ledee\n1B Tino Martinez\nRF Paul O'Neill\nC Jorge Posada\n3B Scott Brosius\nDH Bernie Williams\n\nRoster\n\nGame log\n\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 1 || April 3 || @ Angels || 3–2 || Hernández (1–0) || Hill (0–1) || Rivera (1) || Edison International Field of Anaheim || 42,704 || 1–0\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 2 || April 4 || @ Angels || 5–3 || Mendoza (1–0) || Percival (0–1) || Rivera (2) || Edison International Field of Anaheim || 25,818 || 2–0\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\"\n| 3 || April 5 || @ Angels || 6–12 || Schoeneweis (1–0) || Cone (0–1) || || Edison International Field of Anaheim || 24,560 || 2–1\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\"\n| 4 || April 7 || @ Mariners || 5–7 || Halama (1–0) || Pettitte (0–1) || Sasaki (2) || Safeco Field || 40,827 || 2–2\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 5 || April 8 || @ Mariners || 3–2 || Nelson (1–0) || Mesa (1–1) || Rivera (3) || Safeco Field || 45,261 || 3–2\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\"\n| 6 || April 9 || @ Mariners || 3–9 || Moyer (1–1) || Clemens (0–1) || || Safeco Field || 45,488 || 3–3\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| || April 12 || Rangers || 8–6 || || || || Yankee Stadium || 48,487 || 4–3\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| || April 13 || Rangers || 5–1 || || || || Yankee Stadium || 23,805 || 5–3\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| || April 14 || Royals || 7–5 || || || || Yankee Stadium || 33,094 || 6–3\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| || April 15 || Royals || 7–1 || || || || Yankee Stadium || 34,056 || 7–3\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| || April 16 || Royals || 8–4 || || || || Yankee Stadium || 36,724 || 8–3\n|-\n\n|- style=\"text-align:center;background-color:#bbbbbb\"\n| – || June 11 || Mets || colspan=8|Postponed (rain) Rescheduled for July 8\n|-\n\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n|colspan=\"11\" style=\"background-color:#bbcaff\" | All-Star Break: AL defeats NL 6–3 at Turner Field\n|-\n\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\"\n| 111 || August 11 || @ Angels || 3–8 || Schoeneweis (6–6) || Hernández (8–9) || || Edison International Field of Anaheim || 43,169 || 62–49\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\"\n| 112 || August 12 || @ Angels || 6–9 || Pote (1–0) || Neagle (2–3) || Hasegawa (5) || Edison International Field of Anaheim || 43,394 || 62–50\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 113 || August 13 || @ Angels || 4–1 || Clemens (10–6) || Ortiz (4–3) || Rivera (26) || Edison International Field of Anaheim || 43,411 || 63–50\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 117 || August 17 || Angels || 6–1 || Neagle (3–3) || Mercker (0–2) || || Yankee Stadium || 35,180 || 66–51\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\"\n| 118 || August 18 || Angels || 8–9 (11) || Hasegawa (8–2) || Stanton (2–2) || || Yankee Stadium || 37,503 || 66–52\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 119 || August 19 || Angels || 9–1 || Pettitte (15–6) || Cooper (4–8) || || Yankee Stadium || 49,491 || 67–52\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\"\n| 120 || August 20 || Angels || 4–5 || Wise (2–1) || Nelson (7–3) || Hasegawa (6) || Yankee Stadium || 50,048 || 67–53\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 128 || August 28 || @ Mariners || 9-1 || Clemens (11-6) || Abbott (8-5) || || Safeco Field || 45,077 || 73-55 \n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\"\n| 129 || August 29 || @ Mariners || 3-5 || Tomko (7-4) || Pettitte (16-7) || Sasaki (30) || Safeco Field || 44,105 || 73-56\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 130 || August 30 || @ Mariners || 5-4 || Cone (4-11) || Sele (13-10) || Rivera (30) || Safeco Field || 44,962 || 74-56\n|-\n\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\"\n| 161 || October 1 || @ Orioles || 3-7 || Mercedes (14-7) || Hernández (12-13) || || Oriole Park at Camden Yards || 47,831 || 87-74\n|-\n\nPostseason Game log\n\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\"\n| 1 || October 3 || @ Athletics || 3-5 || Heredia (1-0) || Clemens (0-1) || Isringhausen (1) || Network Associates Coliseum || 47,360 || 0-1\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 2 || October 4 || @ Athletics || 4-0 || Pettitte (1-0) || Appier (0-1) || Rivera (1) || Network Associates Coliseum || 47,860 || 1-1\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 3 || October 6 || Athletics || 4-2 || Hernández (1-0) || Hudson (0-1) || Rivera (2) || Yankee Stadium || 56,606 || 2-1 \n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\"\n| 4 || October 7 || Athletics || 1-11 || Zito (1-0) || Clemens (0-2) || || Yankee Stadium || 56,915 || 2-2\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 5 || October 8 || @ Athletics || 7-5 || Stanton (1-0) || Heredia (1-1) || Rivera (3) || Network Associates Coliseum || 41,170 || 3-2 \n|-\n\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\"\n| 1 || October 10 || Mariners || 0-2 || Garcia (1-0) || Neagle (0-1) || Sasaki (1) || Yankee Stadium || 54,481 || 0-1\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 2 || October 11 || Mariners || 7-1 || Hernández (2-0) || Rhodes (0-1) || || Yankee Stadium || 55,317 || 1-1\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 3 || October 13 || @ Mariners || 8-2 || Pettitte (2-0) || Sele (0-1) || Rivera (4) || Safeco Field || 47,827 || 2-1\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 4 || October 14 || @ Mariners || 5-0 || Clemens (1-2) || Abbott (1-1) || || Safeco Field || 47,803 || 3-1\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\"\n| 5 || October 15 || @ Mariners || 2-6 || Garcia (2-0) || Neagle (0-2) || || Safeco Field || 47,802 || 3-2\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 6 || October 17 || Mariners || 9-7 || Hernández (3-0) || Paniagua (1-1) || || Yankee Stadium || 56,598 || 4-2\n|-\n\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 1 || October 21 || Mets || 4-3 (12) || Stanton (2-0) || Wendell (1-1) || || Yankee Stadium || 55,913 || 1-0\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 2 || October 22 || Mets || 6-5 || Clemens (2-2) || Hampton (2-2) || || Yankee Stadium || 56,059 || 2-0\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\"\n| 3 || October 24 || @ Mets || 2-4 || Franco (1-0) || Hernández (3-1) || Benítez (2) || Shea Stadium || 55,299 || 2-1\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 4 || October 25 || @ Mets || 3-2 || Nelson (1-0) || Jones (1-1) || Rivera (5) || Shea Stadium || 55,290 || 3-1\n|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\"\n| 5 || October 26 || @ Mets || 4-2 || Stanton (3-0) || Leiter (0-1) || Rivera (6) || Shea Stadium || 55,292 || 4-1\n|-\n\nPlayer stats\n\nBatting\n\nStarters by position\nNote: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; Avg. = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases\n\nOther batters\n\nPitching\n\nStarting pitchers\n\nOther pitchers\n\nRelief pitchers\n\nPostseason\n\nALDS\n\nNew York wins the series, 3-2\n\nALCS\n Seattle Mariners vs. New York Yankees\n\nYankees win the Series, 4-2\n\nWorld series\n\nAwards and honors\n Derek Jeter, SS, World Series Most Valuable Player, All-Star Game MVP\n David Justice, Outfielder, American League Championship Series MVP\n\nFarm system\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n2000 New York Yankees\n2000 World Series\n2000 New York Yankees at Baseball Almanac\n\nNew York Yankees seasons\nNew York Yankees\nNew York Yankees\n20th century in the Bronx\nAmerican League East champion seasons\nAmerican League champion seasons\nWorld Series champion seasons\nYankee Stadium (1923)" ]

[ "Roger Clemens", "Return to the Yankees (2007)", "When was Clemens born?", "I don't know.", "Why did Clemens join the Yankees?", "rejoined the Yankees roster, agreeing to a pro-rated one-year deal worth $28,000,022, or about $4.7 million per month." ]

[ "Daniel Cappelletti (born 9 October 1991) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender for Italian Serie C club Vicenza .\n\nCappelletti started his early career as a full-back, but transformed into centre-back with Südtirol.\n\nBiography\nBorn in Cantù, Lombardy, Cappelletti started his career at Como and then Cantù San Paolo. In January 2009 he was signed by Sicily club Palermo. He was a regular member of Primavera under-20 team in 2009–10 season.\n\nIn August 2010 he left for Serie B club Padova along with Davide Succi, with option to buy half of the registration rights for €400,000 and €500,000 respectively. Cappelletti made his debut on 2 October, replacing José Ángel Crespo at half time. That season he played 3 games in the Italian second division, substituted Crespo twice and left-back Trevor Trevisan once. He made his only start in 2010–11 Coppa Italia. That match Padova used a 3–4–3 formation and he was one of the 3 defenders.\n\nOn 1 July 2011, he left for another second division club Sassuolo along with Karim Laribi. However, he did not play any match for the first match but played for Sassuolo's Primavera (literally \"Spring\") team as overage player. On 5 January 2012, he moved to fellow second division club Juve Stabia.\n\nOn 13 July 2012, Palermo agreed a loan deal with Lega Pro Prima Divisione club South Tyrol, where he was a centre-back. On 11 July the temporary deal was renewed.\n\nOn 4 July 2019, he signed a 2-year contract with Vicenza.\n\nRepresentative team\nCappelletti was selected by Lombardy regional \"student\" team for 2007 Coppa Nazionale Primavera, a tournament compete by representative teams of Italian regions. The team finished as the second in the Group 3 and eliminated. He did not get any international caps until spotted by Italy under-21 Serie B representative team in 2011, where he played as a left-back against Serbian First League Selection twice and Russian First League Selection once.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Football.it Profile \n Lega Serie B Profile \n \n\n1991 births\nPeople from the Province of Como\nLiving people\nItalian footballers\nAssociation football defenders\nComo 1907 players\nPalermo F.C. players\nCalcio Padova players\nU.S. Sassuolo Calcio players\nS.S. Juve Stabia players\nA.S. Cittadella players\nL.R. Vicenza players\nSerie B players\nSerie C players", "Anthony Tokpah (born July 26, 1977) is a retired Liberian football goalkeeper. He was also a member of the Liberia national football team.\n\nCareer\nAnthony Tokpah, after playing with Ratanang Maholosiane and Manning Rangers in South Africa, came to Croatian First League club HNK Hajduk Split in 1995, along with another Liberian international, Mass Sarr, Jr. Beside the first season when he played 7 league matches, he did not get much chances to play while with Hajduk. In 2000, he moved to the United States where he played with Hershey Wildcats and Atlanta Silverbacks. In 2006, he moved to Guayabo, another soccer team in the United States.\n\nNational team\nTokpah made his international debut for Liberia in a 1996 African Cup of Nations qualifying match against Senegal on July 30, 1995.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n \n Stats from Croatia at HRrepka.\n\n1973 births\nLiving people\nLiberian footballers\nLiberian expatriate footballers\nLiberia international footballers\n1996 African Cup of Nations players\nAssociation football goalkeepers\nHNK Hajduk Split players\nHNK Trogir players\nCroatian First Football League players\nExpatriate footballers in Croatia\nAtlanta Silverbacks players\nHershey Wildcats players\nLiberian expatriate sportspeople in the United States\nExpatriate soccer players in the United States\nExpatriate soccer players in South Africa\nManning Rangers F.C. players\nExpatriate footballers in Brunei" ]

[ "Roger Clemens", "Return to the Yankees (2007)", "When was Clemens born?", "I don't know.", "Why did Clemens join the Yankees?", "rejoined the Yankees roster, agreeing to a pro-rated one-year deal worth $28,000,022, or about $4.7 million per month.", "Did he get along with the team?", "I don't know." ]

[ "The Oakland Athletics, formerly known as the Philadelphia and Kansas City Athletics, are a professional baseball team based in Oakland, California. The Athletics have played in the American League (AL) ever since the league formed in 1901.\n\nThe Athletics have won nine World Series titles, tied for third most in all of Major League Baseball. They are the only team apart from the New York Yankees to complete a World Series “three-peat”, which they did between 1972 and 1974. As the Philadelphia Athletics, the team had a golden period between 1909 and 1914, when they won three World Series, and had three consecutive 100-win seasons between 1929 and 1931 with two further titles. In the period from 1988 to 1990 the Athletics - now based in Oakland - played in three further World Series and won one, while from 1999 to 2006 they had winning records every season but never played in another World Series.\n\nThe Athletics have had some bad periods of failure to counterbalance these golden eras. During and after World War I, the Athletics had nine consecutive losing seasons including the lowest win percentage in post-1900 major league baseball of .235 in 1916 and only 36 wins in 1919. Between 1934 and 1967 in Philadelphia and later Kansas City the team had sequences of thirteen and fifteen consecutive losing seasons and overall won 2,119 games and lost 3,147 for a winning percentage of .402.\n\nThe Athletics have qualified for the postseason 29 times, fourth most among all thirty teams) while having an 18–20 postseason series record. They have reached the World Series fourteen times while having won it nine times.\n\nTable key\n\nSeason-by-season records\n\nRecord by decade \nThe following table describes the Athletics' MLB win–loss record by decade.\n\nThese statistics are from Baseball-Reference.com's Oakland Athletics History & Encyclopedia, and are current through 2021.\n\nAll-time records\n\nThese statistics are from Baseball-Reference.com's Oakland Athletics History & Encyclopedia, and are current as of October 10, 2020.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Athletics Year-By-Year Results at MLB.com\n Athletics Postseason Results at MLB.com\n\n \nOakland Athletics\nSeasons", "Ben Pinkelman (born June 13, 1994) is an American rugby union player. He represents the United States in rugby sevens and the traditional fifteens version of the game. By the age of 25 Pinkelman competed in the highest profile tournaments in rugby sevens and rugby fifteens — the 2016 Olympics in Rio and the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan. He debuted for the United States sevens team at the 2016 Wellington 7's.\n\nRugby career\n\nYouth rugby\nPinkelman began playing rugby while he attended Cherry Creek High School in Denver, Colorado. Pinkelman was named Youth Rugby Player of the Year by USA Rugby in 2014. He represented the United States at the 2014 IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy in Hong Kong. He attended Colorado State University, where he studied Criminal justice, and played for the Colorado State Rams and the Denver Barbarians RFC. He was named as Division 1-A Rugby Player of the Week twice while attending CSU.\n\nU.S. national sevens team\nPinkelman debuted for the United States sevens team at the 2016 Wellington 7's, and quickly cemented himself in the team with his tireless work rate and expert work at the breakdown. Pinkelman was the youngest player selected for the U.S. Olympic men’s rugby team at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Brazil, and started all five matches for the Eagles. \n\nPinkelman's strong performance at the 2017 Hong Kong Sevens, especially in defense and at the breakdown, earned him his first Dream Team honors (the seven best players at a World Series of Sevens event are named to the Dream Team) . At only 23, Pinkelman captained the USA 7s side at the 2018 USA Sevens, in Las Vegas, where he led the U.S. to its first HSBC World Series of Sevens tournament win on home soil. Ben also earned his second Dream Team honors from his performance in the USA's tournament win.\n\nIn 2019, Pinkelman started the year off strong securing Dream Team honors in the Hamilton, New Zealand leg of the 2018/2019 World Series by securing inclusion in his third Dream Team. Pinkelman's strong work again earned him Dream Team honors in Las Vegas, and led the Eagles to their second consecutive tournament win at home. Pinkelman's exceptional performance throughout the 2018/2019 season led the USA to a 2nd place finish for the overall series, their highest finish on the World Series ever, and garnered Pinkelman a 2018/2019 Season Dream Team selection confirming his status as one of the best rugby players in the world. Pinkelman's current HSBC World Series of Sevens stats are here and more about his 2018/2019 season is here.\n\nPinkelman sat out the first two tournaments of the 2018–20 Series as part of his recovery from the 2019 Rugby World Cup. He made an impact upon his return to the third and fourth legs of the Series in New Zealand and Australia, earning selection to the Dream Team for the 2020 Australia Sevens.\n\nU.S. national fifteens team\nPinkelman's strong performance on the World Rugby Sevens Series led Gary Gold, the Head Coach of the USA Men's 15s Eagles, to request Pinkelman to join the U.S. national fifteens team as a loose forward in the team’s preparation for the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan. Pinkelman made his debut for the national fifteens team on August 2 in a win against Samoa at the 2019 World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup.\n\nPinkelman's performance in the Pacific Nations Cup earned him selection to the 2019 USA's Rugby World Cup side. He was selected for the World Cup squad despite the fact that he did not play the fifteens version of rugby union for three years prior to his selection to the team in the lead up to the World Cup. At the World Cup, he was not named to the match day squad for the opening match, but he did play in all three of the U.S. team’s remaining matches as a second half substitute.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Ben Pinkelman at USA Rugby\n \n\n1994 births\nLiving people\nUnited States international rugby union players\nAmerican rugby union players\nMale rugby sevens players\nUnited States international rugby sevens players\nOlympic rugby sevens players of the United States\nRugby sevens players at the 2016 Summer Olympics\nSportspeople from Omaha, Nebraska" ]

[ "Joe McGinnity", "Early career" ]

[ "Gypsy: A Memoir is a 1957 autobiography of renowned striptease artist Gypsy Rose Lee, which inspired the 1959 Broadway musical Gypsy: A Musical Fable. The book tells Lee's true life story in three acts beginning with her early childhood days in theatre when she toured with her sister, June Havoc. The book ends just as Gypsy has gotten on a train and is headed to Hollywood to begin her career in the movies. Her Hollywood career was short lived and she did not get many roles. The roles she did get were so small that at one point she wanted to be billed under her birth name, Louise Hovick.\n\nThe first edition was published by Harper in 1957. It is now available in a 1999 paperback reprint.\n\n1957 non-fiction books\nAmerican memoirs", "Ze'ev Binyamin \"Benny\" Begin, (; born 1 March 1943) is an Israeli geologist and politician. He is a member of the Knesset for New Hope, having previously served as a member for Likud and Herut – The National Movement. He is the son of former Prime Minister of Israel Menachem Begin.\n\nBiography\nZe'ev Binyamin (Benny) Begin was born in Jerusalem to Aliza and Menachem Begin. He studied geology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. After completing his undergraduate and graduate studies, he worked for the Geological Survey of Israel. He completed his doctorate in geology at Colorado State University in 1978.\n\nPolitical career\nFirst elected to the Knesset in 1988 as a Likud MK, Begin ran in the Likud primary in 1993 to succeed Yitzhak Shamir as party leader but was defeated by Benjamin Netanyahu. Under Netanyahu's government (1996–1999), Begin served as Science Minister until 1997 when he resigned in protest against the Hebron Agreement.\n\nHe subsequently led hardliners out of the Likud with the hope of reviving the Herut political party founded by his father. With full support from former Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, Herut – The National Movement departed from the Likud and joined other right-wing parties to form the National Union, an alliance opposing the Oslo Accords. Owing to the National Union's poor showing in the 1999 elections, Begin resigned his seat and quit politics. He resumed his career in science and education, and was appointed Director of the Geological Survey of Israel.\n\nBegin announced on 2 November 2008 his return to politics and the Likud party, as well as his intention to seek a place on the Likud list for the 2009 elections. He ultimately won fifth place on the party's list, and returned to the Knesset with Likud winning 27 seats. Netanyahu had promised Begin a ministerial position if Likud won the election and honored that promise by appointing Begin a Minister without Portfolio in the new government.\n\nBegin did not run in the 2013 elections, but returned to politics in the 2015 elections running on the 11th place on the Likud party list, the spot reserved for a candidate appointed by party leader Netanyahu. Following the elections, he was appointed Minister without Portfolio in the new government. His term with the government lasted only eleven days. After Prime Minister Netanyahu convinced Gilad Erdan to join the government as Minister of Public Security, Strategic Affairs and Public Diplomacy, Begin was forced to resign as Likud's coalition agreement limited the party to 13 ministers.\n\nBenny Begin officially left Likud and joined Gideon Sa'ar's New Hope party on 21 January 2021. Begin was placed sixth on New Hope's list for the 2021 elections. He gained a seat in the 24th Knesset as New Hope won six seats.\n\nViews and opinions\nIn an interview with Haaretz in 2009, Begin explained his opposition to a Palestinian state, proposing instead an Arab autonomy under Israeli control, since \"without security control in Samaria, Judea and Gaza there will be no security in Tel Aviv, either.\" He concluded with his belief that we must \"live together with people who do not want us...[and] behave humanely and decently both with the Israeli citizens who are not Jews and with those who are not citizens. Is there a contradiction between my nationalism and my liberalism? I believe that this is a day-to-day effort to which I and he is obligated.\"\n\nOn 3 March 2019, Begin said that he was \"deeply troubled\" after reading the Israeli attorney general's 57-page document detailing the suspicions against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Begin was one of the few members of the then governing coalition to support the attorney general.\n\nPersonal life\nBegin is married, and had six children. One son, Yonatan, was a fighter pilot with the Israeli Air Force who was killed when his F-16 fighter jet crashed in 2000. Another son,\nAvinadav is a writer, and has become a social activist, out of a general anti-nationalist ideology. He was engaged in pro-Palestinian demonstrations.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nThoughts of a National Liberal: an interview with Benny Begin - Fathom Journal\n\n1943 births\nLiving people\nChildren of prime ministers of Israel\nColorado State University alumni\nHebrew University of Jerusalem alumni\nHerut – The National Movement politicians\nIsraeli geologists\nIsraeli Jews\nJewish Israeli politicians\nJews in Mandatory Palestine\nLeaders of political parties in Israel\nLikud politicians\nMembers of the 12th Knesset (1988–1992)\nMembers of the 13th Knesset (1992–1996)\nMembers of the 14th Knesset (1996–1999)\nMembers of the 18th Knesset (2009–2013)\nMembers of the 20th Knesset (2015–2019)\nMembers of the 24th Knesset (2021–present)\nNew Hope (Israel) politicians\nPoliticians from Jerusalem" ]

[ "Joe McGinnity", "Early career", "When did his career begin?", "While living in Decatur, McGinnity began playing baseball with other coal miners in their leisure time." ]

[ "James F. Macullar (January 16, 1855 – April 8, 1924), also known as \"Little Mac\", was an American Major League Baseball player from Boston, Massachusetts. He played mostly at shortstop, but did play many games in the center field, for three different teams in two leagues. He holds the record for career games played at shortstop by a left-handed thrower, at 325, and is the only lefty to ever play more than 250 games at that position. Nicknamed \"Little Mac\", due to his small stature (5'6\", 155 lbs), he was briefly a player-manager for the Syracuse Stars in 1879. Finishing with a 5-21 record, he never managed again.\n\nIn the winter of 1879–80, Macullar and Hick Carpenter became the first North Americans to play in the Cuban League. They were signed by the Colón club and were so dominant that other teams refused to play against them.\n\nHe died in Baltimore, Maryland on April 8, 1924, at the age of 69, and was interred at Baltimore Cemetery.\n\nSee also\nList of Major League Baseball player–managers\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1855 births\n1924 deaths\nSyracuse Stars (NL) players\nCincinnati Red Stockings (AA) players\nBaltimore Orioles (AA) players\nBaseball players from Boston\nMajor League Baseball shortstops\n19th-century baseball players\nAuburn (minor league baseball) players\nSyracuse Stars (minor league baseball) players\nTopeka (minor league baseball) players\nDes Moines Prohibitionists players\nLincoln Rustlers players\nMajor League Baseball player-managers", "Luis Aparicio Ortega (August 28, 1912 – January 1, 1971) was a Venezuelan professional baseball personality for 40 years, serving as a player, coach, field manager, and club organizer. Aparicio was the father of Baseball Hall of Fame member Luis Aparicio.\n\nBaseball career\nBorn and raised in Maracaibo, Zulia, Aparicio came from a family whose name is synonymous with baseball in Venezuela. He was the son of Leónidas Aparicio and Adelina Ortega, who introduced their children to sport activities within the local community at an early age. As a result, the young Luis excelled both in soccer and track and field before deciding to play baseball. Besides, his older brother Ernesto developed into a successful baseball manager, coach and team owner, while his son Luis Jr. spent 18 years in the Major Leagues and is a Baseball Hall of Fame member.\n\nBasically a line-drive hitter and speedy base runner, Aparicio was never a dominant hitter, but his defense though was what made him great, as he is widely regarded as the best Venezuelan shortstop of his era. He was prized by his wonderful range, smooth hands, and a quick and strong arm, while showing a great ability to make plays on the move and throw base runners out from all over the infield. Besides, he has been described as an intelligent player that possessed exceptional baseball sense and instincts to anticipate the play.\n\nEngaged in any sport activities as a teenager, Aparicio Sr. was introduced to the soccer environment in the late 1920s, playing as a forward for several First Division clubs of Caracas and Maracaibo, but ended devoted himself to baseball when he was hired to play in the National Baseball Series tournament, where he performed for seven different teams in eleven seasons spanning 1931–1945. A few years before, in 1928, he had founded with his brother Ernesto the baseball team Los Muchachos (The Boys), which was later renamed Gavilanes de Maracaibo. Over time, the Gavilanes (Sparrowhawks) would become the most successful team in Zulian Professional Baseball annals, winning 15 of 20 summer tournaments held between 1932 and 1957.\n\nIn between, Aparicio was signed by the Tigres del Licey club of the now extinct Dominican Republic Summer League in 1934, becoming the first Venezuelan ballplayer to play professionally outside of his country. He also gained international exposure as a member of the Venezuela national baseball team during the 1942 Baseball World Cup tournament played in Havana, Cuba.\n\nAlthough he never appeared in a Major League game, Aparicio received an offer to play for the Washington Senators in 1938 that he could not achieve. At the time, he was walking in the aftermath of a hernia surgery and subsequent operations needed to address complications from previous hernia surgeries.\n\nFollowing his recovery, Aparicio joined the Navegantes del Magallanes club to become a founding member of the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League in its inaugural season. The first game of the new league took place on Saturday 12 January 1946 at Cervecería Caracas Stadium, as Magallanes defeated the Patriotas de Venezuela, 5–2, behind a strong pitching performance by big leaguer Alejandro Carrasquel. The first batter in that game was Aparicio, who promptly lined a solid base hit into right field and later scored the first run, becoming the first player to collect both the first hit and run scored in Venezuelan League history.\n\nAparicio became part of the Sabios de Vargas for the next six campaigns, hitting a career-high .322 average in the 1946–47 season, while leading his team to the Championship title. He retired from active play with Gavilanes in 1953. In a symbolic gesture during the team's home opener, he led off as the first hitter of the game. Aparicio turned to face Howie Fox of the Lácteos de Pastora, then, after taking the first pitch, had Aparicio Jr. take his place at bat. This was the first professional appearance of Aparicio Jr., who previously had served as batboy for his father's team.\n\nAparicio played until the age of 41, and while his final batting average of .269 may not seem like top-10 material, he did it at a time when it was a respectable average for a middle infielder, let alone an outstanding defensive shortstop. Although his legacy at his position has been carried on from generation to generation of Venezuelan shortstops, through Chico Carrasquel, the first-ever Latin player to appear in an MLB All-Star Game, and later by his son Luis, Dave Concepción, Ozzie Guillén, Omar Vizquel, Asdrúbal Cabrera and Elvis Andrus, among others.\n\n\"What made the old shortstop had no comparison\", Carrasquel explained in a 1971 interview to Diario Panorama. \"He was a genius in that position, always advised every rookie, and they corrected the mistakes quickly. That gave rise to cheer and excel in equal measure as I did\", he added.\n\nMeanwhile, for the young Aparicio his father was always a strong inspiration in his life. From the age of 12, he displayed the grace and elegance that he learned from him, and later developed the tricks of shortstop play from his eventual mentor Carrasquel, who recommended him to Chicago White Sox General Manager Frank Lane.\n\nAparicio Jr. also recalls his mother washing baseball uniforms for his youth team and talking at home about baseball all day. Asked what he would say about his father, the Hall of Fame member said: \"When my dad asked me to be always a number one, I always kept that on my mind. I think I didn't disappoint him ... I wanted him to be proud of me, and I know he definitely was. That's the achievement of my life.\"\n\nAccording to baseball historian Javier González, Mr. Aparicio always encouraged the youth to play at the highest level in baseball, in being as good as they could be and playing at various infield spots, but most importantly at shortstop. \"He opened the doors for many ballplayers would love to play in that position\", he stated categorically.\n\nLater life and legacy\nRetired from active play, Aparicio coached for Gavilanes and later founded the Rapiños de Occidente club in 1957, following a disagreement with his brother Ernesto, which forced him leave the family organization. From there he departed not from his son, and went to his side with the Tiburones de La Guaira and the Águilas del Zulia, serving as the Águilas' manager for their inaugural 1969–70 season.\n\nAparicio died in 1971 at the age of 58, after suffering a heart attack. Through the years, he has been honored various times for his numerous contributions to Venezuelan baseball.\n\nThe Estadio Luis Aparicio El Grande is named after him in his birthplace Maracaibo. Then, in 2005 he was enshrined into the Venezuelan Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum as part of its second class.\n\nIn addition, the 2012–13 Venezuelan Professional Baseball League tournament was played in honour of the centenary of his birthday.\n\nSources\n\n1912 births\n1971 deaths\nBaseball coaches\nBaseball managers\nBaseball shortstops\nGavilanes de Maracaibo players\nNavegantes del Magallanes players\nSabios de Vargas players\nSportspeople from Maracaibo\nTigres del Licey players\nVenezuelan expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic\nVenezuelan baseball players" ]

[ "Joe McGinnity", "Early career", "When did his career begin?", "While living in Decatur, McGinnity began playing baseball with other coal miners in their leisure time.", "What position did he play in baseball?", "pitched for teams" ]

[ "Clifford Joseph (born 26 September 1978) is a footballer who played for two national football teams.\n\nInternational career\nJoseph made his international debut playing for Dominica in 2000, during the 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification. This remained his only cap for Dominica. He then later went on to make eight appearances for Montserrat between 2004 and 2011.\n\nStyle of play\nHe's known as a utility player because Clifford could play in any position on the pitch, including in goal which he once did for Montserrat in a World Cup Qualifier.\n\nReferences\n\n1978 births\nLiving people\nMontserratian footballers\nMontserrat international footballers\nPlace of birth missing (living people)\nIdeal SC players\nAssociation football utility players", "Daljit Singh (born 1940–1941) is an Indian former first-class cricketer and pitch curator. He played for various teams during his career from 1961/62 to 1978/79. After his playing career, he became a pitch curator and chairman of the grounds and pitches committee of the Board of Control for Cricket in India.\n\nLife and career\nSingh was a wicket-keeper batsman who appeared in 87 first-class and 3 List A matches. The teams he represented include Services, Northern Punjab, Delhi, Bihar, North Zone and East Zone. He was a prolific wicket-keeper and batsman, effecting more than 200 dismissals and scoring close to 4000 runs. He was working for the Indian Navy when he started his cricket career with Services. He played for Bihar for 12 seasons and also captained them to 1975–76 Ranji Trophy final.\n\nSingh was employed with Tata Steel in Jamshedpur during his career with Bihar. He worked for one year at 10 Janpath, where he prepared a cricket pitch inside the residence of the Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri for Shastri's son who was interested in cricket. He worked for 22 years with Tata Steel as chief of community and rural development services, before being employed for three years in Bangalore by an NGO. During his stay in Bangalore he coached the likes of Rahul Dravid, Anil Kumble, Javagal Srinath and Venkatesh Prasad. He was then offered a coaching role with the Punjab team as well as a role with the under-construction stadium in Mohali by the Punjab Cricket Association (PCA) secretary I. S. Bindra.\n\nHe has been the curator of Mohali's PCA Stadium for over 20 years. He was a member of BCCI's first Pitch Committee that was formed in 1997. He worked as the chairman of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) grounds and pitches committee but was sacked in December 2009 after an ODI at Delhi was called off with the match referee declaring the pitch \"dangerous\" and unsuitable for play. He became the chairman of BCCI's grounds and pitches committee again, and holds the position as of December 2015.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\nLiving people\nDate of birth missing (living people)\nIndian cricketers\nServices cricketers\nSouthern Punjab cricketers\nDelhi cricketers\nBihar cricketers\nNorth Zone cricketers\nEast Zone cricketers\nIndian cricket coaches\n1940s births" ]

[ "Joe McGinnity", "Early career", "When did his career begin?", "While living in Decatur, McGinnity began playing baseball with other coal miners in their leisure time.", "What position did he play in baseball?", "pitched for teams", "Early in his career what teams did he pitch for?", "for teams in Krebs." ]

[ "Paul Davis (born 1964) is the former pitching coach for the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (MLB); he served in that role during the 2019 season, before being reassigned as Chief Pitching Strategist in October 2019. He is currently the minor league pitching coordinator for the Atlanta Braves. He previously worked for the St. Louis Cardinals (2013-18) in a variety of roles, most recently as manager of pitching analytics in 2018.\n\nCareer\nDavis was head coach at Dana College from 1995 to 1999, where he was twice named Nebraska-Iowa Athletic Conference coach of the year. He was the pitching coach for the Johnson City Cardinals in 2013 and 2014 before becoming the Cardinals Assistant Minor League Pitching Coordinator in 2016 and 2017.\n\nHe played high school baseball at Osceola High School in Kissimmee, Florida and college ball at Valencia Community College and Creighton University.\n\nReferences\n\n1964 births\nLiving people\nBaseball coaches from Nebraska\nBaseball players from Nebraska\nCreighton Bluejays baseball players\nDana Vikings baseball coaches\nIowa Western Reivers baseball coaches\nMajor League Baseball pitching coaches\nMinor league baseball coaches\nNebraska Cornhuskers baseball coaches\nNebraska Wesleyan Prairie Wolves coaches\nSeattle Mariners coaches\nValencia Matadors baseball players", "The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in New York City, New York in the borough of The Bronx. The Yankees are members of the American League (AL) East Division in Major League Baseball (MLB). The Yankees have won the World Series 27 times, more than any other MLB team.\n\nIn baseball, coaches serve as assistants to the manager. In the past, coaches did not serve in specific roles, as noted in the position titles, such as \"first assistant.\" The number of coaches on a team's staff has increased over the years, and coaching evolved so that individual coaches took on specific roles. Base coaches also serve as infield, outfield, and base-running instructors. Teams also have a pitching coach, hitting coach, and bullpen coach, who often works with the catchers. The bench coach, a newer role on the coaching staff, serves as a second-in-command, advising the manager during the game.\n\nMany Yankees coaches are former players, former managers or future managers.\n\nCoaches\n\nBench coaches\n\nPitching coaches\n\nHitting coaches\n\nBullpen coaches\n\nFirst base coaches\n\nThird base coaches\n\nPositions unspecified\n\nReferences\n\nCoaches\nLists of Major League Baseball coaches" ]

[ "Phil Mickelson", "College golf" ]

[ "Walter Drumstead (born Dremstadt; September 4, 1898 – May 18, 1946) was an American football guard who played one game in the National Football League (NFL) for the Hammond Pros. He did not attend college, and also played independent ball with the Hammond Scatenas, Boosters, and Colonials.\n\nHe was born Walter Dremstadt on September 4, 1898, in Hammond, Indiana. He did not attend college, and a 1923 article called him, \"from the college of hard knocks.\"\n\nIn 1921, Drumstead started a football career with the independent Hammond Scatenas. He joined the Hammond Boosters in 1924 after three seasons played with the Scatenas, and scored a touchdown in one of his first appearances with the team.\n\nAfter playing most of the 1925 season with the Boosters, Drumstead left the team for one game to play in the National Football League (NFL) with the Hammond Pros. He was a starter in their 0–13 loss against the Chicago Cardinals, and returned to the Boosters afterwards. The Times reported him as a \"fan favorite\". He played for the Boosters again in 1926.\n\nDrumstead played the left guard position for the Hammond Colonials in 1929.\n\nHe died in on May 18, 1946, at the age of 47.\n\nReferences\n\n1898 births\n1946 deaths\nPlayers of American football from Indiana\nPeople from Hammond, Indiana\nAmerican football guards\nHammond Pros players", "Ruben Chebon Mwei (born 4 December 1985 in Kapsabet, Kenya) is a Kenyan half marathoner and marathoner.\n\nBiography\nMwei attended Kemeloi high school and Kamwenja Teacher's College in his native Kenya before moving to the United States to attend Adams State College in 2006, where he majored in psychology.\n\nCareer\n\nMwei redshirted his freshman year at Adams State. His sophomore year, he competed in several cross-country races, including 4- and 5-mile, and 8- and 10-K. He placed second at the NCAA Division II National Championships, with a 30:09 in the 10-K, and earned an All-American award. His junior year, he did not compete in the national championship due to a chest injury.\n\nAfter college, Mwei has continued to run professionally, winning events such as the 2012 Naples Half Marathon and the 2012 Atlanta Marathon (his debut marathon)\n\nReferences\n\n1985 births\nLiving people\nKenyan male long-distance runners\nKenyan male middle-distance runners" ]

[ "Phil Mickelson", "College golf", "Where did he attend college?", "Mickelson attended Arizona State University in Tempe on a golf scholarship and became the face of amateur golf in the United States," ]

[ "Wait Till Next Year is a 1988 memoir by sportswriter Mike Lupica and screenwriter William Goldman.\n\nThe book is similar to Goldman's earlier effort The Season: A Candid Look at Broadway in that it looks at a year of New York sports teams with Goldman getting press passes to see a huge number of games. The main focus is looking at The Mets following up their championship season while taking in the local Basketball and American Football teams too in a wildly frenetic overview of the coaches, stars, owners, trades and controversies that the season provided.\n\nLupica and Goldman had been friends for thirty years when Lupica suggested to Goldman they collaborate on a book together, from his point of view and Goldman's point of view. Goldman:\nI wanted to be a sports columnist when I was a kid and then I learned more about what they did for a living and I decided I didn't want to do it. You have to go see all that shit. It's fun to go to a ball game occasionally. What was great, the year I did the book with Lupica, was I had press passes so I could go sit with all those people whose columns I read and watch a baseball game or a football game or a basketball game.\nGoldman said they would do alternate chapters. \"I would eventually show him what I had and he would show me what he had but for the most part, we kept away from each other. We'd talk all the time.\"\n\nGoldman said the book \"was a total flop - it didn't work commercially - but it was a wonderful time for me.\"\n\nReferences\n\nEgan, Sean, William Goldman: The Reluctant Storyteller, Bear Manor Media 2014\n\nAmerican memoirs\n1988 non-fiction books\nBooks by William Goldman", "John Harding (1951- September 2017) was a British writer and novelist.\n\nLife and career\nHarding was born in Prickwillow, a village near Ely, Cambridgeshire, in 1951. He attended local schools before reading English Literature at St Catherine's College, Oxford. After university, he moved to London in 1974, where he worked for as a reporter for DC Thomson. After eventually becoming an editor for several popular magazines, Harding went freelance in 1985 to pursue his ambition of becoming a novelist.\n\nHis first book novel, What We Did on Our Holiday was published in 2000. The book describes a man taking his father, who has advanced Parkinson's disease, on holiday to Malta. It was adapted for TV in 2006 starring Shane Ritchie and Roger Lloyd-Pack, and should not be confused with a later film of the same name. Harding would go on to publish four more novels, all of which received critical acclaim.\n\nHarding was married with two sons, and lived in Richmond-upon-Thames. He died in September 2017.\n\nWorks\nWhat We Did on Our Holiday (2000)\nWhile the Sun Shines (2002)\nOne Big Damn Puzzler (2005)\nFlorence and Giles (2010)\nThe Girl who Couldn't Read (2014)\n\nReferences\n\n1951 births\n2017 deaths\nAlumni of St Catherine's College, Oxford\nPeople from Ely, Cambridgeshire\nBritish writers" ]

[ "Phil Mickelson", "College golf", "Where did he attend college?", "Mickelson attended Arizona State University in Tempe on a golf scholarship and became the face of amateur golf in the United States,", "What year did he go to college?", "1990, 1991, 1992" ]

[ "Edward Adam Kriwiel (September 8, 1926 – December 2, 2007) was an American football and golf coach. A member of seven Kansas halls of fame, Kriwiel was a figurehead in state high school sports for many years.\n\nPlaying career\n\nHigh school\nAt Tilden Tech High School, a public school in Chicago, Kriwiel was the captain of the undefeated high school football team. They won the Chicago City Championship, pitting the champions of the public school league against the champions of the private school league in front of 68,000 fans at Soldier Field. Four of his high school teammates went on to play at Notre Dame for Frank Leahy, but it was Kriwiel who was named “Most Valuable Player” of the team.\n\nCollege\nKriwiel attended the Municipal University of Wichita—now Wichita State University—in 1947, where he started for the Shockers at quarterback. He holds several school records, and he led the Shockers to Raisin Bowl and Camellia Bowl appearances. He was inducted into the Kansas Sports Hall of Fame in 2004.\n\nCoaching career\n\nWichita State\nKriwiel was the 28th head football coach at Wichita State University and he held that position for the 1968 season, leading the Shockers to an 0–10 record.\n\nHigh school football\nKriwiel was more successful at the high school ranks. Prior to coaching at Wichita State, Kriwiel was the head coach at Wichita West High School for 14 years, leaving there with a 33-game winning streak. After coaching in college, Kriwiel spent the rest of his career coaching football and golf and serving as the athletic director at Kapaun Mt. Carmel High School in Wichita. Kriwiel won 297 games as a high school football coach and his teams had just two losing seasons in 36 years. His teams played in 12 state championship games and won 9.\n\nHigh school golf\nKriwiel was also highly successful as a high school golf coach at Kapaun-Mt. Carmel. Since 1969 his teams won 20 state titles and 28 top-four finishes. While unofficial, this is believed by many to be a national record.\n\nHead coaching record\n\nCollege\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1926 births\n2007 deaths\nAmerican football quarterbacks\nAmerican golf instructors\nWichita State Shockers football coaches\nWichita State Shockers football players\nHigh school football coaches in Kansas\nSportspeople from Chicago\nCoaches of American football from Illinois\nPlayers of American football from Chicago", "Greg Osbourne is an American actor and golfer who currently serves as the Director of Golf at Cal State Bakersfield. He was the head coach for the golf program at Glendale Community College from 2008-2013. Osbourne is a PGA Pro, a member of the Professional Golfers Association, and also the head pro at Chevy Chase Country Club. He is the head pro at De Bell Golf Club in Burbank. He was the president of United States Golf Corporation in 1992-95 and the president of Wisdom Golf Inc. from 1995-97. He is an actor recurring in the role as Greg on the NBC series Las Vegas.\n\nCareer\n\nCal Lutheran\nOsbourne became the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics District III individual champion in 1984 and received All-American honors at the Cal Lutheran golf program, raising the bar for the program. Osbourne was recruited to the college by head coach Robert Shoup in order to play as a defensive back in football, however, after a knee injury he dedicated himself to the school's golf program. He made All-Conference team all three years in college and was also voted the Most Valuable Player in 1982 and in 1984. He also led the Cal Lutheran Kingsmen to qualify for the NAIA National Golf Tournament both years. In 1984 he was NAIA District III Individual Champion where he finished fourth and earned All-America honors. He has been inducted into the Cal Lutheran Hall of Fame.\n\nGlendale Community College\nOsbourne is recognized for having built up the men's and women's golf teams at the college, leading both teams to appearances in the California Community College Athletic Association Golf Championship. He became the head coach when the golf program was reinstated in 2008 after having been suspended in 1985. In 2010 he also became the head coach for the women's team at Glendale where he had numerous successful players. Tammy Panich won the state's individual championship in 2010 and the Vaqueros finished second in the 2011 and 2012 state tournaments.\n\nCal State Bakersfield\nOsbourne replaced coach Dave Barber on June 6, 2013, becoming the Director of Golf at the university. He is coaching both the women's and men's golf teams, which joined the Western Athletic Conference in 2014.\n\nReferences\n\nAmerican male golfers\nAmateur golfers\nCollege golf coaches in the United States\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)" ]

[ "Phil Mickelson", "College golf", "Where did he attend college?", "Mickelson attended Arizona State University in Tempe on a golf scholarship and became the face of amateur golf in the United States,", "What year did he go to college?", "1990, 1991, 1992", "Was his college golf career successful?", "Mickelson was the second collegiate golfer to earn first-team All-American honors all four years." ]

[ "Le Cousin is a 1997 French film directed by Alain Corneau.\n\nPlot \nThe film deals with the relationship of the police and an informant in the drug scene.\n\nAwards and nominations\nLe Cousin was nominated for 5 César Awards but did not win in any category.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1997 films\n1997 crime films\nFilms about drugs\nFilms directed by Alain Corneau\nFrench crime films\nFrench films\nFrench-language films", "The 23rd Fangoria Chainsaw Awards is an award ceremony presented for horror films that were released in 2020. The nominees were announced on January 20, 2021. The film The Invisible Man won five of its five nominations, including Best Wide Release, as well as the write-in poll of Best Kill. Color Out Of Space and Possessor each took two awards. His House did not win any of its seven nominations. The ceremony was exclusively livestreamed for the first time on the SHUDDER horror streaming service.\n\nWinners and nominees\n\nReferences\n\nFangoria Chainsaw Awards" ]

[ "Ernie Kovacs", "Early life and career" ]

[ "The Ernie Kovacs Show was an American comedy show hosted by comedian Ernie Kovacs, first shown in Philadelphia during the early 1950s, then nationally. The show appeared in many versions and formats, including daytime, prime-time, late-night, talk show, comedy, and as a summer replacement series.\n\nThe Ernie Kovacs Show was one of only six TV shows broadcast on all four U.S. television networks during the Golden Age of Television, the others being The Original Amateur Hour, Pantomime Quiz, Down You Go, The Arthur Murray Party, and Tom Corbett, Space Cadet.\n\nCBS\nFrom April 21, 1952, to January 15, 1954, Kovacs had a daytime show under the name Kovacs Unlimited airing Monday through Friday at 8:30 am ET on CBS Television. From December 30, 1952, to April 14, 1953, CBS aired the one-hour The Ernie Kovacs Show on Tuesday evenings at 8pm ET.\n\nDuMont\nFrom April 12, 1954, to April 7, 1955, he also had a late night television talk show on the DuMont Television Network under the title The Ernie Kovacs Show, which aired from 11:15pm to 12:15am ET. Kovacs began to refer to this show as The Ernie Kovacs Rehearsal in its final months.\n\nOf the DuMont-WABD version, three partial episodes and one complete episode are known to survive. The DuMont series, while also a talk show, included many comedy segments. For example, one episode featured a spoof commercial for a product called \"Kodadent\", a black toothpaste.\n\nTwo NBC series\n\nFrom July 2 to September 10, 1956, NBC ran The Ernie Kovacs Show as a summer replacement series for Caesar's Hour starring Sid Caesar.\n\nKovacs also served as the regular substitute for Steve Allen on Tonight from September 1956 until Allen's departure from the show (and its subsequent reformat as a news program) in January 1957.\n\nABC-TV specials\nA series of eight monthly half-hour specials also titled The Ernie Kovacs Show aired Thursdays 10:30 to 11:00 pm ET on ABC from April 1961 to January 1962 with the exception of a two-month summer break in July and August. This latter series is often considered Kovacs' best television work. Shot on videotape using new editing and special effects techniques, it won an Emmy Award in 1961. Kovacs and co-director Joe Behar also won the Directors Guild of America award for a November 1961 installment, based on Kovacs' \"Eugene\" character.\n\nThe eighth and final ABC special, taped on December 3, 1961, aired on what was to have been Kovacs' 43rd birthday on January 23, 1962. The episode was restructured into a posthumous tribute to Kovacs, who had died ten days prior. Two of its features were encore presentations of the dawn-to-dusk urban street scene piece accompanied by Béla Bartók's Concerto for Orchestra and The Nairobi Trio performing to Robert Maxwell's \"Solfeggio,\" the latter's insertion after the closing credits made possible because the sponsor Dutch Masters allowed the special to run commercial-free.\n\nProduction notes\nThe original studio location was on the 4th floor of the WPTZ-TV (now KYW-TV) studio location at 1619 Walnut Street in Philadelphia. That studio was very small and accommodated approximately 45 audience members. The basement studio of the same building is where The Mike Douglas Show was aired from June 1965 until July 1972. This studio was converted for office use for an architectural firm in 2002.\n\nAt NBC, the show was broadcast from Studio 6-B at NBC Studios in Rockefeller Center. The studio was subsequently used for various versions of The Tonight Show.\n\nSee also\nList of programs broadcast by the DuMont Television Network\nList of surviving DuMont Television Network broadcasts\nList of late-night American network TV programs\nThree to Get Ready (TV series), aired November 27, 1950, to March 28, 1952, Mondays to Fridays mornings on Philadelphia station WPTZ\nErnie in Kovacsland aired July and August 1951 on NBC as summer replacement for Kukla, Fran and Ollie\nTake a Good Look game show aired October 22, 1959, to July 21, 1960, and October 27, 1960, to March 16, 1961, on Thursdays 10:30-11pm ET on ABC\nSilents Please March 23 to October 5, 1961 on Thursdays 10:30-11pm ET on ABC\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n Ernie in Kovacsland at IMDB\n Take a Good Look at IMDB\n Silents Please at IMDB\n Ernie Kovacs Dot Net: A Tribute To Television's Original Genius\n The Ernie Kovacs Website\n\n1952 American television series debuts\n1955 American television series endings\n1950s American sketch comedy television series\n1961 American television series debuts\n1962 American television series endings\nBlack-and-white American television shows\nCBS original programming\nDuMont Television Network original programming\nEnglish-language television shows\nNBC original programming\n1950s American late-night television series\nNBC late-night programming\nTelevision in Philadelphia\nTelevision shows filmed in New York (state)", "The Nairobi Trio was a sketch comedy skit that Ernie Kovacs performed many times for his TV shows. It combined several existing concepts and visuals in a novel and creative way.\n\nPeople in gorilla suits had long been a comedy staple. The ploy of well-known, predictable music pieces gone awry had been practiced by artists as diverse as Stan Freberg, Spike Jones, and P. D. Q. Bach. The \"slow burn\" of one character being annoyed by another, resulting in eventual retaliation, was not new. But the combination of all of those ingredients, combined with impeccable timing, produced a unique and memorable result.\n\nOrigins\n\nThe skit was a live-action version of a child's animatronic wind-up music box, performed to the tune \"Solfeggio\" by Robert Maxwell. According to an interview with Edie Adams in John Barbour's 1982 documentary Ernie Kovacs: Television's Original Genius, Barry Shear, Kovacs's director at DuMont Television Network, brought the tune to Kovacs's attention in 1954.\n\nThe theme song\nHarpist and songwriter Robert Maxwell had recorded \"Solfeggio\" himself in 1953. The lyrics, sung by The Ray Charles Singers, were simply the notes of the musical scale as the melody progressed (\"Mi-sol-la, re-fa-re-sol...\"). When Ernie Kovacs heard the Maxwell record, he immediately came up with a mental image of what would become The Nairobi Trio:\n\n\"Solfeggio\" became the permanent theme song for the sketch. The Nairobi Trio became so popular that M-G-M Records reissued the Maxwell record of \"Solfeggio\" as \"Song of the Nairobi Trio\" in 1957. Composer Maxwell recorded a new, lyrics-free version of the melody, now known as \"Song of the Nairobi Trio,\" in 1961, billing his ensemble as \"The Fortune Tellers.\" In 1966, as \"Robert Maxwell, His Harp and Orchestra,\" he recorded yet a third arrangement of the melody.\n\nCast members and skit scenarios\n\nOf the three gorillas shown, all wearing hats, long coats, and white gloves, the middle gorilla, always played by Kovacs with a cigar, conducted the musicians with either a baton or a banana. To the viewer's left stood a gorilla holding two oversized timpani mallets. The identity of this ape varied, but among Kovacs's celebrity friends both Jack Lemmon and Frank Sinatra are known to have performed the character. Seated at a piano at screen right was a female simian, variously played by Barbara Loden, Jolene Brand, and Kovacs's wife, Edie Adams, who robotically thumped her hands up and down on the keys.\n\nNearly all of the Nairobi Trio skits operated in the same fashion. As \"Solfeggio\" plays, the gorilla with the mallets repeatedly uses the center gorilla's (Kovacs's) head like a drum at the end of every phrase, punctuating the song's sharp \"ba-da-BUM\" bongo riff. Every time this happens it brings a slightly changed and escalating response from the victim, who eventually tries to anticipate the mallet assaults and outwit the perpetrator. Ultimately staring him down, Kovacs, in the gorilla suit, is eventually distracted by the third gorilla, which allows the drummer to give him three final blows. The victimized gorilla then stands up and smashes a prop vase over the percussionist's head. The sketch was repeated many times over the course of Kovacs's career. The audio was always \"Solfeggio\" but the staging changed occasionally; one variation had the first and second gorillas handling building blocks in tempo, with the third gorilla pounding at a xylophone.\n\nEdie Adams later said that the skits were simple enough for any one of Kovacs's friends and associates to step into the drummer's role without needing a rehearsal, and that the gorilla masks provided anonymity.\n\nThe last time the routine was performed was on one of Kovacs's 1960s ABC specials shortly before his untimely death. On this occasion the combination of a bigger budget, the use of videotape, and the luxury of retakes helped him to perfect the timing of the sketch. But the Nairobi Trio wasn't always confined to silence with \"Solfeggio\" playing; they went into outer space and also became safe crackers on a US Steel special, Private Eye, Private Eye, which aired on CBS on March 8, 1961.\n\nIn popular culture\n A popular New Zealand jazz group adopted the name, as did a radio-played Los Angeles jazz group. \n The music video for the Harry Nilsson song \"Coconut\" features a similar arrangement as the trio. The instrumental cover band Hot Butter includes a Moog synthesizer version of \"Solfeggio\" in its 1972 album Popcorn (Musicor MS-3242; 1972). On the album, the song is retitled \"Song of the Narobi Trio\" with Nairobi having the variant spelling of Narobi.\nJim Knipfel entitled the second volume of his memoirs Quitting The Nairobi Trio, recounting his time in a mental institution.\nFrom the early 60s to the late 70s, commercials for Colt 45 Malt Liquor used music resembling \"Solfeggio\" as Billy Van patiently sat at a small table waiting for a server to bring him a can of Colt 45. One of these commercials won a Clio Award in 1975.\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n\nExternal links\n Reference to the \"Nairobi Trio\" in \"Ernie Kovacs, U.S. Comedian\" (profile)\n Ernie Kovacs Dot Net: A Tribute To Television's Original Genius\n John Barbour's documentary Ernie Kovacs: Television's Original Genius \n 1961 Ernie Kovacs performance of The Nairobi Trio at YouTube\n Ernie Kovacs performance of Nairobi Trio for ABC Television at YouTube\n Early Ernie Kovacs kinescope performance of ''Nairobi Trio at YouTube\n Ernie Kovacs - The Nairobi Trio (sans one) in Space at YouTube\n\nComedy sketches\nComedy television characters\nComedy theatre characters\nTheatre characters introduced in 1953\nTelevision characters introduced in 1953\nFictional gorillas\nApes in popular culture\n1950s in comedy" ]

[ "Ernie Kovacs", "Early life and career", "Where was Ernie Kovacs born?", "Kovacs's father Andrew emigrated from Hungary at age 13." ]

[ "Percy Ernest Barratt (17 March 1871 – 15 May 1937) was an English music hall entertainer. Mayne was one of the first music hall stars to broadcast on radio in 1922.\n\nBorn in Topsham, Devon, by the age of ten he was living in London's Soho. He weighed about and sang comic songs such as \"Fried Fruit Fritters\" about his weight. Mayne first gained interest in comedy when people laughed at him for wanting to be an airman, because of his weight. One of his songs, \"What D'yer Think of That\" was later remade as Lonnie Donegan's song \"My Old Man's a Dustman\". He also made an early recording of the song \"Proper Cup of Coffee\".\n\nHis song \"An N'Egg and Some N'Ham and Some N'Onion\" featured in the early life of entertainer Tessie O'Shea.\n\nMayne died in 1937, in Brighton, at the age of 66.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n Ernie Mayne at discogs.com\n \n Ernie Main Aka Ernie Mayne at britishpathe.com\n\n1871 births\n1937 deaths\nPeople from Devon\nMusic hall performers\nEnglish male comedians\n20th-century English comedians", "Ernie Pook's Comeek is an American underground comic/alternative comic by Lynda Barry.\n\nIt features the everyday lives of a young boy, Ernie Pook, and a young girl, Marlys Mullen. It was first published in 1979, without Barry's knowledge, by Matt Groening and John Keister in their respective college newspapers. While Barry has stated it wasn't autobiographical, it was loosely based on her own childhood years. It ran in over 70 alternative newspapers, such as the Chicago Reader.\n\nIt was discontinued in 2008. Drawn & Quarterly reissued a collection called The Greatest of Marlys in 2016 and is continuing to reissue collections.\n\nSources\n\nAmerican comics\n1979 comics debuts\n2008 comics endings\nUnderground comix\nMale characters in comics\nChild characters in comics\nSlice of life comics" ]

[ "Ernie Kovacs", "Early life and career", "Where was Ernie Kovacs born?", "Kovacs's father Andrew emigrated from Hungary at age 13.", "What was interesting about Ernie's childhood?", "Though a poor student, Kovacs was influenced by his Trenton Central High School drama teacher, Harold Van Kirk, and received an acting scholarship to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts" ]

[ "Bill Kovacs (25 October 1949 – 30 May 2006) was a pioneer of commercial computer animation technology.\n\nEarly career\nKovacs received a Bachelor of Architecture degree from Carnegie Mellon University in 1971. He worked for Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (New York office) while getting a Masters of Environmental Design from Yale University (1972). He was then transferred to the Chicago Office, where he worked on a computer-aided design system.\n\nComputer animation\nIn 1978, Kovacs left SOM to become VP of R&D for the early computer animation company Robert Abel and Associates (1978-1984).\n\nAt Abel, Kovacs (along with Roy Hall and others) developed the company's animation software. Kovacs used this software, with others in the film Tron. He later co-founded Wavefront Technologies as CTO (1984-1994), leading the development of products such as The Advanced Visualizer as well as animated productions. Along with Richard Childers and Chris Baker, he was a key organizer of the Infinite Illusions at the Smithsonian Institution exhibit in 1991.\n\nFollowing retirement from Wavefront, Kovacs co-founded Instant Effects, worked as a consultant to Electronic Arts and RezN8, serving as RezN8’s CTO from 2000 until his death.\n\nIn 1998, Kovacs received a 1997 (Scientific and Engineering) Academy Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. In 1980, he received two Clio Awards for his work on animated TV commercials.\n\nEducator\nKovacs was a Visiting Artist at Loyola Marymount University, and he served on the President's Board of Advisors at Academy of Art University from 2002 until his death in 2006 following a stroke.\n\nIn 2005, Bill Kovacs, a member of the adjunct faculty in the Department of Animation at Woodbury University, developed and taught The Future of Media: The Evolution of Digital Technology.\n \nFrom 2004 until his death in 2006, he served as a special advisor to Heather Kurze, the dean of the School of Architecture and Design at Woodbury University. Beginning in 2005, Kovacs advised Dori Littell-Herrick, the new chair of the Department of Animation at Woodbury on the role of technology in the growing department, both in facilities and in curriculum.\n\nTogether with other faculty, he participated in creating interdisciplinary classes involving architecture and animation students, including \"Urban Environments in Maya\". Kovacs also assisted Littell-Herrick to broaden the pool of adjunct faculty for the department.\n\nExternal links\n\nVisiting Artist profile at Loyola Marymount\nSanta Barbara News-Press, \"Wavefront founder dies at age 56\" June 2, 2006\nBill’s LinkedInpage\n\n1949 births\n2006 deaths\nRecipients of the Scientific and Engineering Academy Award\nAmerican animators\n20th-century American educators\nAnimation educators\nComputer animation people\nComputer graphics professionals\nYale University alumni\nCarnegie Mellon University College of Fine Arts alumni\nLoyola Marymount University faculty\nWoodbury University faculty\nAcademy of Art University faculty", "Samia Shoaib is a Pakistani-born American writer and former actress.\n\nBiography\nShe moved to the United States where she studied English and Theater at the University of California, Berkeley and George Washington University. She studied acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London. She completed a Masters of Fine Arts at Columbia University.\n\nFilmography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nLiving people\nPakistani emigrants to the United States\nUniversity of California, Berkeley alumni\nGeorge Washington University alumni\nColumbia University School of the Arts alumni\nAlumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art\nAmerican film actors of Pakistani descent\nAmerican film actresses\nPeople with acquired American citizenship\n1970 births" ]

[ "Ernie Kovacs", "Early life and career", "Where was Ernie Kovacs born?", "Kovacs's father Andrew emigrated from Hungary at age 13.", "What was interesting about Ernie's childhood?", "Though a poor student, Kovacs was influenced by his Trenton Central High School drama teacher, Harold Van Kirk, and received an acting scholarship to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts", "What did Kovacs do while at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts?", "When Kovacs began drama school, all he could afford was a fifth floor walk-up apartment on West 74th Street in New York City." ]

[ "Josef Bergenthal (November 1, 1900 in Oberschledorn, Province of Westphalia – August 24, 1982) was a German writer and during the period of National Socialism was one of the intellectual supporters of the regime and Nazism.\n\nBergenthal attended high school in Paderborn. Later he studied law and political sciences and philosophy, history, and drama. After graduation, he spent a year working for a theater magazine in Berlin. He then lived in Munster as a freelance writer and editor. He was often served as editor and also wrote for radio.\n\nIn the era of National Socialism, he was active propaganda. He worked in the Reich Propaganda Office and he was chairman for North-Rhine Westphalia and Friesland in the National Union of German Writers. He joined the SA in 1933 and the Nazi Party in 1937.\n\nAfter the end of World War II, he was more active as an author. He then wrote mainly on Westphalian topics. His most successful book was \"Münster is full of oddities.\" This reached a circulation of 100,000 copies.\n\nReferences\n\n1900 births\n1982 deaths\nPeople from Medebach\nPeople from the Province of Westphalia\nNazi Party members\nGerman male writers\nWriters from North Rhine-Westphalia\nSturmabteilung personnel", "Luo Jian Fan (, born on 23 September 1963 in Anhua, Hunan), is a playwright and novelist. He had worked as an actor and musician in his early years in a local musical troupe in Hunan and later he was admitted to Shanghai Theater Academy for playwriting studies. During the third year in the drama school, he wrote his first full-length play, Black Stallion (simplified Chinese 黑骏马; traditional Chinese 黑駿馬). The play was performed in Shanghai, Beijing and Hohhot in 1986, and it was very successful. \"it is the monument of a decade in our new era\", cited from the symposium held by China Theatre Association. in 1986, after his graduation, Luo Jian Fan was invited by China's national theatre, China Youth Art Theatre (at the time), to be the playwright. Luo Jian Fan relocated himself to the United States due to family reunion in 1994 and later became a US citizen.\n\nMain Works \nTheater plays (playwright): Black Stallion, King Gesar, The Cornered Beast, To Be Stranded.\n\nFilms(screenwriter): My Mongolian Mother, Paerzatege( The Homeland).\n\nTV dramas: The Silent Aimin River, The House of Detention.\n\nNovel: An Exhausted Life 疲惫人生\n\nAwards\n\nBlack Stallion, won Tianhan Drama Prize, 1986\n\nThe Silent Aimin Riveer, won Five Ones Projest Award ( from the central Chinese government), 2003\n\nnominated for The Golden Eagle Award, 2003\n\nwon Steed Award (from Inner Mongolian government), 2003\n\nMy Mongolian Mother, won the Best Scriptwriting (the 29th Fajr International Film Festival, Iran), 2011\n\nwon the 14th Chinese Huabiao Film Award for Best Actress, 2011\n\nwon the 28th Chinese Golden Rooster Award for Best Actress, 2011\n\nReferences\n\n1963 births\nPeople's Republic of China novelists\nLiving people\nChinese dramatists and playwrights\nPeople from Yiyang\nWriters from Hunan\nPeople with acquired American citizenship" ]

[ "Ernie Kovacs", "Early life and career", "Where was Ernie Kovacs born?", "Kovacs's father Andrew emigrated from Hungary at age 13.", "What was interesting about Ernie's childhood?", "Though a poor student, Kovacs was influenced by his Trenton Central High School drama teacher, Harold Van Kirk, and received an acting scholarship to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts", "What did Kovacs do while at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts?", "When Kovacs began drama school, all he could afford was a fifth floor walk-up apartment on West 74th Street in New York City.", "Was he successful after graduation from the drama school?", "Kovacs used his class vacation time to pursue roles in summer stock companies. While working in Vermont during 1939, he became so seriously ill with pneumonia" ]

[ "Frank Kovacs (December 4, 1919 – February 1990) was an American amateur and professional tennis player in the mid-20th century. He won the U.S. National Indoor Tennis Championships singles title in 1941. He won the World Professional Championships tournament in 1945 in San Francisco. Kovacs was successful on clay and won the Great Lakes Professional Clay Court Championships near Chicago in 1946, defeating Riggs in the final, and five U.S. Professional Clay Court Championships from 1948 to 1953. Kovacs won the International Professional Championships or U.S. Professional Championships at Cleveland in 1951. He also won the U.S. Professional Challenge Tour in 1947 against Bobby Riggs. \n\nKovacs was ranked the world No. 1 professional tennis player in two different years, by the WPTA (World Professional Tennis Association) for 1945 and by the PTPA (Professional Tennis Players Association) for 1951.\n\nBiography\nKovacs' father was a Hungarian immigrant upholsterer. In his youth he had tennis lessons at the Berkeley Tennis Club. Kovacs had a reputation as an eccentric tennis player and showman on the court. Once, serving for a match point, he tossed three balls in the air - hitting the middle one for an ace. He was known to jump into the stands to applaud his opponents, and once staged a sit-down strike during a match. A newspaper article in 1940 said \"Kovacs' comments as he races about the court are remindful of Bob Hope or Milton Berle before a microphone, and that these ad libs are spoken in a voice that overcomes the poor acoustics of a tennis court and are audible to everyone in the gallery.\" Jack Kramer writes in his autobiography that Kovacs \"was a big attractive guy, with a great smile—sort of a Nastase type, only harmless, not mean.\" He goes on to say that during an important match against Joe Hunt \"Kovacs looked up at an airplane. Hunt mimicked him, so Kovacs lay down for a clearer view, and Hunt did the same, and they were both soon lying flat out on the turf watching an airplane fly by while the fans watched them.\"\n\nCareer\n\nAmateur\n1936\nIn July Kovacs reached the quarter finals of the Oregon championships in Portland before losing to Elwood Cooke. Later in the month he lost in the quarter finals of the Washington State championships in Seattle to Dick Bennett.\n\n1937\nIn May Kovacs won the Central California championships beating Ed Amark in the final. In June Kovacs was beaten in the final of the California State Championship tournament at Berkeley. Dick Bennett of the University of California tennis team defeated him in five sets. John Murio, former California state champion, said Kovacs was better at 17 years of age than Don Budge. Murio opposed Budge, when Budge was 17, in various tournaments around California. In July Kovacs beat Walter Senior to win the Ohio championships. In July, Kovacs won the Badger State Championships beating Donald Leavens in the final. In August, Kovacs won the Port Stockton tournament beating Ed Amark in the final.\n\n1938\nIn May Kovacs beat 16 year old Jack Kramer in the final to win the California State championship.\nIn very hot conditions in the third round at the Newport Casino event in August, Kovacs faced William Murphy. Murphy won the first set and then led 3-1 lead in the second. In the fourth game, Kovacs slumped to the ground and had to be assisted to the dressing room. He lost in the third round of the 1938 U. S. National championships to Gene Mako.\n\n1939\nKovacs beat Eddie Alloo in the final of the Northern California indoor tournament in San Francisco in February. Kovacs beat Alloo in the final to win the California State championships in May. In June, Kovacs beat Tom Brown and Nick Carter to win the Central California championships. Kovacs lost to reigning Wimbledon and U. S. champion Bobby Riggs in the final of the Pacific Coast championships in October in five sets, despite leading 5-2 in the fifth set.\n\n1940\nIn May, Kovacs beat Welby Van Horn to win the California State Championships for the third year in a row. In June Kovacs beat Frank Parker in straight sets in the final of the Triple A tournament in St. Louis. In July, Kovacs beat Elwood Cooke in five sets in the final to win Nassau Country Club Invitation Tournament in New York. In July, Kovacs beat Seymour Greenberg to win Eastern Slopes Gold Racquet tournament in New Hampshire. In August he beat Bobby Riggs in the semi finals at Southampton before losing to Don McNeill in the final. Kovacs beat young Vic Seixas from two sets to love down in the third round of the U. S. Nationals. He lost in the quarter finals in straight sets to Joe Hunt. In October Kovacs lost in the final of the Pacific Coast championships to Riggs. In December, Kovacs beat Bobby Riggs in the final of the Oklahoma indoor tournament. Kovacs was the No. 3 ranked American amateur in 1940.\n\n1941\nIn January Kovacs beat Eddie Alloo in the final of the Dixie tournament in Tampa. In January, Kovacs beat Riggs in the quarter finals of the Florida state tournament in Orlando and went on to beat Jack Kramer in the semis and Don McNeill in the final. In January, Kovacs beat Riggs in four sets to win the title at St. Petersburg, Florida. In February, Kovacs beat Riggs in the final of the University of Miami event from two sets to love down. Kovacs won the title at the U.S. National Indoor Tennis Championships in March, which was held at the Oklahoma Coliseum, after three-straight-set wins in the semifinal against Riggs and in the final against Wayne Sabin.\nIn April, Kovacs won the River Oaks tournament in Houston beating Kramer in the semi finals and Bitsy Grant in the final. In June, Kovacs won at Orange Lawn Tennis Club, N.J. on grass, defeating Kramer in the final. In August, Kovacs won the Eastern Grasscourt Championships at the Westchester Country Club in Rye, N.Y., defeating Schroeder, McNeill, and Sabin in three-straight-set matches. Kovacs was runner-up in the U.S. National Championships at Forest Hills, beating Jack Kramer and Don McNeill before losing to top-seeded Bobby Riggs in a four-sets final. Kovacs beat Riggs in the final of the Pacific Coast championships in October, allowing Riggs just five games in three sets. \n\"I've never seen Frank play better tennis. He played brilliantly and outplayed me all the way. I have never taken a worse beating\" said Riggs after the match. Kovacs won nine tournaments in 1941, defeating Riggs in five of those events. After the Pacific Coast final the Oakland Tribune reported that \"it was their nineteenth encounter and Kovacs' seventh victory\". Kovacs was ranked the No. 2 American amateur in 1941. \n\nKovacs was also responsible for something of a scandal over money in tennis, which before the Open era was strictly divided into amateurs and professionals. After he was barred from amateur tennis in 1941 (leaving with a characteristic witticism - \"Amateur tennis stinks - there's no money in it any more.\"), he talked about how money was quietly - and widely - paid to supposedly amateur players for entering tournaments.\n\nProfessional\nAfter being evicted from the amateur ranks, Kovacs and Riggs turned professional at the same time, both signing a professional contract in November 1941 for $25,000 guarantees.\n\n1942\nFrom December 1941 through April 1942 the Pro tour consisted of round-robin matches between Don Budge, Bobby Riggs, Fred Perry, and Kovacs (with Gene Mako, Lester Stoefen and even Bill Tilden, for one match, as replacements for the injured Kovacs and Perry). Budge ended up with the best record, 52 wins to 18 losses, ahead of Riggs 36-36 and Kovacs, 25 wins to 26 losses. Kovacs led the early part of the tour mainly because he defeated Budge in their first five matches. Kovacs missed one month of play on this tour due to an arm injury. He was ranked the world No. 3 for 1941 by Ray Bowers. After the tour he entered the U.S. Pro Championships at Forest Hills and reached the semifinals, losing to Riggs. As with the other great pros of the time, he then joined the U.S. Army. From 1943 to the end of WWII, Kovacs served in the army.\n\n1943-1945\nThough the tennis activity was very limited between 1943 and 1945 Kovacs defeated the players he was able to play against such as Welby Van Horn, Don McNeill, Adrian Quist, Bill Tilden, Jack Crawford, Jack Jossi, Martin Buxby, Joe Whalen, George Lott, George Lyttleton Rogers. Kovacs played matches in Australia in 1943 against Australian amateurs. At Brisbane on 28 and 29 August, Kovacs played Crawford. Kovacs won in straight sets on 28th, but lost in three sets on 29th. On 26 November at Brisbane, Kovacs beat Crawford for the loss of two games. The following day, Kovacs beat Crawford in straight sets. He beat Quist on 4 September in Sydney. In March, 1945 Kovacs won the World Professional Championships tournament in San Francisco organized by the WPTA (World Professional Tennis Association), defeating Van Horn in the final. Kovacs was ranked the world No. 1 professional tennis player for 1945 by the WPTA , ahead of 2) Van Horn 3) Budge 5) Riggs. Budge was reported to be out of condition due to military duties. Tilden ranked Kovacs as No. 2 behind Budge. YANK, The Army Weekly, stated that of the professional tennis players serving in uniform, \"the best of them was Frank Kovacs\". Kovacs was recalled to military duty in July and was reported to be in hospital in August, thus missing the USPLTA U.S. Pro won by Van Horn over a depleted field.\n\n1946\nIn the 1946 world professional tournament series organized by the Professional Players Association, Kovacs won the California State Pro Championship at Beverly Hills at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel on cement (defeating Perry in the final), the Southwestern Pro at Phoenix indoor (defeating Earn in the final), the Southern California Pro at Santa Barbara on cement (defeating Perry in the final), the Texas State Pro at Dallas on grass (defeating Van Horn in the final in five sets). Kovacs displayed his skill on clay, winning the Cotton State Pro in Birmingham Ala. on clay (defeating Earn in the final), the Michigan State Pro at Kalamazoo on clay (defeating Riggs in the final), and the Great Lakes Pro Championships in the Chicago area at the Knollwood Club in Lake Forest, Ill. on clay (defeating Riggs in the final in five sets). Kovacs did not play in the northeastern portion of the tournament series, and in the final point standings, Kovacs finished third behind Riggs and Budge. Of the 31 tournaments, Riggs won 14, Kovacs won 7, Perry won 4, Budge won 3, and Van Horn won 2.\n\n1947\nKovacs lost to Riggs in the U.S. Pro Indoor semifinal at Philadelphia on wood in March. In April, Kovacs began an 11-match two-man tour with Riggs, who organized the tour, the U.S. Professional Challenge Tour. Kovacs scored six match wins against Bobby Riggs' five to win the tour, the final and deciding match of best-of-five sets being postponed until early September with the series tied at five wins each. In late April and May, Kovacs won three tournaments in New York State, at Buffalo (over Riggs in the final), at Rochester (over Earn in the final) and at Troy on canvas (over Van Horn in the final). Riggs withdrew from the quarter-finals at Rochester and Troy due to a foot problem, but it was reported that in the doubles final at Troy, Riggs \"ran like a scared rabbit despite reports of an injured foot\". Kovacs lost to Riggs in the U.S. Pro at Forest Hills semifinal on grass in June. On September 2, Kovacs won the decider of the U.S. Professional Challenge Tour over Riggs in three straight sets using \"a devastating series of well-placed backhand shots and cannonball serves.\" Kovacs and Riggs both won seven matches against each other on the year. \n\n1948\nKovacs won the North Florida Pro championships in St. Augustine in January beating Bill Lufler in the final. Kovacs won U.S. Professional Clay Court Championships at Miami in December (defeating Jimmy Evert in the final). Kovacs said in a statement after the match he renounced the title for the following reasons: \"First - the tournament was not sanctioned by the Professional Lawn Tennis Association. (PLTA). Second there was not a full representative field of ranking players competing for the title. As of Jan. 1, 1949. I will participate only in PLTA sanctioned tournaments.\" The PLTA ranked Kovacs joint third.\n\n1949\nIn January Kovacs won the U. S. Pro Clay Court Championships in St. Augustine. In the semis he beat Segura. \"Kovacs had his serve working wonders and used his power\". In the final he overcame Van Horn in five-sets.\n\n1950\nKovacs won the U. S. Pro Clay Court Championships in March over Van Horn in the final, displaying an agile change of pace. In June, at the U.S. Pro Tennis Championships at the Cleveland Skating Rink on clay, Kovacs defeated Parker in the quarter-finals, losing only one game in a three-straight-set win. Parker was the reigning French champion on clay. Kovacs then defeated Riggs in four sets to reach the final. In the final, at 4-4 in the fourth set, he developed leg cramps and retired, losing to Segura, who had defeated Kramer in the other semifinal. Kovacs won the Canadian Pro Championships at Quebec City on clay in September (over Van Horn in the final). Kovacs was third in the PLTA rankings.\n\n1951\nKovacs won the U. S. Pro Clay Court Championships in March over Earn in the final. In June Kovacs and Parker would play against each other in the semi finals of the Canadian Professional Championships at Quebec City on clay, Kovacs winning in straight sets (Kovacs lost to Segura in four sets in the final). Kovacs' greatest pro tournament result was winning the International Pro Championships or US Pro Tennis Championships (according to the PTPA) held at Lakewood on cement just outside Cleveland in June 1951. He defeated Budge in a long semifinal and Pancho Segura in the final in five sets, saving five match points against him in the fifth set before winning. Kovacs was awarded the Benrus Cup, emblematic of the U.S. Pro Championships. A week later he withdrew from the Forest Hills version of the U.S. Pro Tennis Championships (organized by Riggs and Kramer) won by Segura. Kovacs was vice-president of the PTPA, which supported the rival Cleveland event, and Riggs and Kramer did not play at Cleveland that year. In early August 1951, shortly after beginning a tour with George Lyttleton Rogers and Frank Parker, Kovacs and Lyttleton Rogers disappeared and did not play scheduled fixtures, leaving Parker on his own. Kovacs and Lyttleton Rogers were longtime friends, and Rogers was married on September 2 in California. Kovacs was ranked the world No. 1 professional tennis player for 1951 by the PTPA (Professional Tennis Players Association), ahead of Segura, Gonzales, and Kramer, in that order. \n\n1952\nIn March 1952, at age 32, Kovacs defeated Pancho Gonzales in the Philadelphia Masters indoor on wood, despite losing the first eight games of the match. Kovacs lost all of his remaining matches (including his other match against Gonzales) in this round-robin event where four players played each other twice. This was Gonzales' only loss in the tournament, as he beat Kramer twice, beat Segura twice, and split the two matches with Kovacs. Kovacs was ranked the world No. 3 professional in the PTPA annual rankings for 1952 behind Segura and Gonzales. The USPLTA pro rankings for 1952 and published in Lawn Tennis & Badminton placed Kovacs at No. 3 behind Segura and Gonzales.\n\n1953\nAn injured Kovacs won the U. S. Pro Clay Court Champioinships in January at Hollywood Beach, Fla. over Riggs in the final in three straight sets. The 1953 win over Riggs marked Kovacs' seventh U.S. national singles title.\n\n1954\nKovacs won the 1954 Florida Pro Championships at Fort Lauderdale on clay, defeating Riggs in the final. \"Kovacs' power and accurate placements to the corners, plus a number of service aces, spelled the difference in the deciding set.\" Kovacs was ranked fifth by the International Professional Tennis Association.\n\n1955\nIn March, 1955 Kovacs defeated Nick Carter in a pro exhibition match in San Francisco in straight sets. Immediately after this match, Kovacs played in the Cleveland World Pro or U.S. Pro played that year under the VASS scoring system. Kovacs defeated Riggs to reach the semifinal where he lost a very close match to Gonzales. Two months later he played Pancho Gonzales in two matches using the VASS scoring system at the California Tennis Club in San Francisco and nearly beat him in both matches. Kovacs was ranked third in 1955 by the International Professional Tennis Association.\n\nLater years\nKovacs continued to play in the Cleveland World Pro or U.S. Pro, the one major tournament which he had won. Ironically, the Sports Illustrated article of his 1957 appearance at Cleveland claimed that Kovacs \"...has the finest collection of strokes in tennis but has never cashed in on this potential,\" despite the fact that Kovacs had previously won the event in 1951. Kovacs was ranked sixth for 1957 in the Jack March professional rankings, just ahead of Kramer at seventh. He spent his later years teaching tennis at the Davie Tennis Stadium in Piedmont, in Florida and at public courts near his home in Oakland.\n\nPlaying style and assessment\nKovacs won many clay events, including the Great Lakes Professional Clay Court Championships near Chicago and also five U. S. Professional Clay Court Championships. He reached two U.S. Pro finals at Cleveland, on clay in 1950 and on cement in 1951, winning the latter. Kovacs also reached the semifinals of the US Pro a further eight times. He lost five U.S. Pro semifinals at Forest Hills on grass. Kovacs did not play in the U.S. Clay Court Championships after 1938, or at Roland Garros or in Davis Cup, events where he would have been expected to achieve some success. Kovacs won a head-to-head series on an indoor surface against Riggs, with both players reportedly in excellent form throughout the matches. It was said of him that on the right days, when he was \"in the zone\", he could be unbeatable. Fred Hawthorne, reporter for New York Herald-Tribune who watched nearly all the early matches of the 1941-1942 pro tour thought that Kovacs at his best reached \"sheer brilliancy never before excelled\", but at other times Frank played \"surprisingly poor tennis.\" In his first pro match, on December 26, 1941 he defeated Don Budge, and won his first five matches against Budge on that tour.\n\nBowers evaluated Kovacs' playing style, \"Kovacs was nearly two years younger than Riggs, of whom he was a direct opposite. Frank was rangy, about 6' 4\", and served with lethal velocity. Riggs termed Frank's stroking \"tremendously powerful\" from both sides--often brilliant but sometimes erratic. Generally uninterested in coming to net, Frank preferred beating opponents from backcourt. Budge later said that the Kovacs backhand was the best he had ever seen. (Tilden wrote that it was second only to Budge's.)\" Kovacs' net game improved during the 1940's, with a report from 1947 that \"Kovacs had the losers shaking their heads by the sheer brilliance of his net game\". In an assessment from July 1951, it was stated that \"Kovacs, present world pro champ, gained his formidable spot through booming serves and a sound net game….\", indicating that his net play had developed.\n\nTennis great Jack Kramer, Kovacs' near contemporary and rival, wrote: \"Kovacs had picture strokes, maybe the best Backhand, but he could never win anything because he didn't have any idea how to go about winning. He never had a set plan for a match. Hell, he never had a set plan for a shot. He could sort of decide what to do with it halfway through the stroke.\" Kovacs' best shot, says Kramer, was \"a hard, angled backhand crosscourt, but he could never figure out how to set it up so he could take advantage of it.\" Riggs reportedly said to Kramer one day: \"...don't worry about Frankie.... He looks great, but give him long enough and he'll find some way to keep you in the match, and give him a little longer and he'll find a way to beat himself.\" Nevertheless, Kovacs had many notable wins over Riggs, and a very positive win-loss record against Kramer. In the Philadelphia Inquirer in March 1950, it was said Kovacs led Kramer 16-0 in their head to heads as amateurs. TennisBase states Kramer led 4-0 in their meetings as pros, all four matches played in the Philadelphia indoor tournament on wood.\n\nPersonal life\nKovacs was married to San Francisco vocal coach Judy Davis in 1950 and they lived for many years in their home in the Rockridge district of Oakland, until his death in 1990. His first marriage, on July 14, 1941, was to Virginia Wolfenden, also a tennis professional; they had a son, Frank Jr.\n\nHis cousin was the entertainer Ernie Kovacs.\n\nGrand Slam finals\n\nSingles (1 runner-up)\n\nPro Slam tournaments\n\nSingles: 8 (4 titles, 4 runner-ups)\n\nSee also\n World number 1 ranked male tennis players\n Major professional tennis tournaments before the Open Era\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n Tom LeCompte, The Last Sure Thing contains a number of Kovacs stories\n\nExternal links\n \n What Price Amateurs?\n\nAmerican male tennis players\nAmerican people of Hungarian descent\nSportspeople from Oakland, California\nTennis people from California\n1919 births\n1990 deaths\nProfessional tennis players before the Open Era\nDate of death missing\nUnited States Army personnel of World War II", "Take a Good Look is an American television game show created by and starring Ernie Kovacs, which aired from 1959 to 1961 on ABC's Thursday-night block at 10:30 PM Eastern Time.\n\nSeason 1 consisted of 39 episodes, from October 22, 1959, to July 21, 1960. Season 2 was far shorter, airing just 14 episodes between October 27, 1960, and February 9, 1961. Twenty episodes were repackaged for syndication in September 1978. In October 2017, all 49 surviving episodes were made available on a DVD set released by Shout Factory.\n\nBackground\nFirst appearing on television in 1951, Kovacs was an extremely prolific producer of television comedy throughout the 1950s. As a result of the critical success of his 1957 NBC special Silent Show, Ernie came to Hollywood in 1958, where he had a film contract with Columbia Pictures to write and consult on screenplays – but no television series of his own. At that time, sponsors did not buy commercial time on a television shows as a commodity; rather, a sponsor would produce a television program in its entirety and present it to a network for broadcast. While visiting a Hollywood movie set, Kovacs happened to meet a cigar company executive who was impressed that Kovacs continually smoked a cigar. Ernie was impressed that this corporate executive was carrying a book on Bertold Brecht.\n\nAs a result of this chance meeting, a business deal ensued in which Consolidated Cigar/Dutch Masters became the sole sponsor of Ernie's newest idea for a television series. In the show itself, Ernie performed in many Dutch Masters commercials, usually presented as yet another type of \"blackout gag\" shown during the show and themselves unique due to being done completely in pantomime and directed by Kovacs himself. The Congress of TV Editorial Writers was impressed enough with the silent commercials to award Kovacs with their Madison Avenue Award in 1960.\n\nFormat\n\nTake A Good Look was a parody of the Goodson-Todman panel game shows of the era, To Tell the Truth, I've Got a Secret, and What's My Line?. Kovacs, who appeared on What's My Line? ten times as a guest panelist (July–November 1957) and twice as the show's Mystery Guest (September 6, 1956 and September 7, 1957), produced and hosted a format similar to those shows: a panel of celebrities attempted to guess a secret about a seemingly ordinary person brought onstage.\n\nIn early episodes, the clues were presented by way of props and short video clips that had no cast, but eventually the show switched to using films of short comedy blackout gags starring Kovacs and a regular cast of Peggy Connelly, Jolene Brand, and Bobby Lauher. The clips pertained only vaguely to the person about whom guesses were being made. For example, for a woman whose secret was that she was a harness track jockey, Kovacs would show a short skit about two competing chariot racers trying to sabotage each other during a race. Another example was for a champion bubble blower, Kovacs showed a skit regarding a model train set for a movie scene; the sole hint was the sound a train makes, \"choo-choo\", and the extreme vagueness of this clue suggests that the skits were meant to be recycled.\n\nSome of the people who were the focus of the guessing game were ordinary people who had experienced an extraordinary event, recently been in the news, or enjoyed a distinction of some kind. A panelist would be awarded one point if they guessed the person's identity/secret. At the end of the show, prizes would be awarded to the home viewer represented by the panelist with the most points.\n\nPanelists\nAppearing regularly throughout the run were Edie Adams, Cesar Romero, Hans Conried, and Ben Alexander. Carl Reiner only appeared regularly in Season 2.\n\nAmong the less frequent panelists of Season 1 were Zsa Zsa Gabor, Jane Wyatt, Mort Sahl, Jack Carson, Tony Randall, Janet Leigh, and Jim Backus. No infrequent panelists appeared in Season 2.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1959 American television series debuts\n1961 American television series endings\n1950s American comedy game shows\n1960s American comedy game shows\nAmerican Broadcasting Company original programming\nBlack-and-white American television shows" ]

[ "Ernie Kovacs", "Early life and career", "Where was Ernie Kovacs born?", "Kovacs's father Andrew emigrated from Hungary at age 13.", "What was interesting about Ernie's childhood?", "Though a poor student, Kovacs was influenced by his Trenton Central High School drama teacher, Harold Van Kirk, and received an acting scholarship to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts", "What did Kovacs do while at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts?", "When Kovacs began drama school, all he could afford was a fifth floor walk-up apartment on West 74th Street in New York City.", "Was he successful after graduation from the drama school?", "Kovacs used his class vacation time to pursue roles in summer stock companies. While working in Vermont during 1939, he became so seriously ill with pneumonia", "What happened to Kovacs after he was ill?", "During the next year and a half, his comedic talents developed as he entertained both doctors and patients with his antics during stays at several hospitals." ]

[ "Bobby Richard Hamm was an American writer and poet.\n\nEarly years\n\nHe was born in Winnfield, Louisiana, (May 7, 1934) to Clinton Cason Hamm and Annie Belle Kelly. He was the youngest of five children. He graduated from Bolton High School located in Alexandria, Louisiana in 1952.\n\nContribution to Cajun culture\n\nHamm was the premier and probably earliest proponent and supporter of the Cajun people. His love of this part of Louisiana would initially prompt him to create the classic poem, \"What is a Cajun\". Published in 1972, this work was available far before the Cajun culture would find popularity through wonderful culinary dishes. Prior to this work, Louisiana was mostly noted for the food and antics of New Orleans.\n\nIn 1972, the Cajun people in Louisiana did not enjoy any prestige within the hierarchy of what was then the politics and social web of the state. They were seen as backwards in every sense especially with respect to holding high office or governing. In this situation, Bob Hamm took up the mantle of the Cajun people. As a North Louisiana native, he could not claim kinship with these people. He did, however, travel the south of Louisiana to find the essence of the Cajun people.\n\nFamily and career\n\nOn July 9, 1960, Hamm married Gloria Ann Lewis. From this marriage, he had three sons. They were Kurt Richard Hamm, Clinton Cason (Casey) Hamm, and Kevin Bruce Hamm.\n\nHamm served as the news director for the local TV station in Lafayette, Louisiana KATC (TV). His nightly editorials chronicled not just life in Louisiana, but the national news as well. A longtime resident in Lafayette, Hamm had connections at all levels of Louisiana government. He often said that he would have been more successful in life had he been able to \"suffer fools\".\n\nHamm continued to create works of poetry related to the Cajun people and their way of life. These poems included \"A Cajun Prayer\", \"A Cajun Toast\", and \"A Cajun Blessing\".\n\nLater life\n\nLater in life, Hamm married again, creating a life with Leora Lacy. During this time, he penned two books that brought a Cajun flair to everyday Nursery Rhymes. Bob Hamm's Cajun Nursery Rhymes I and II. His interpretation of these classics were spot on, and every Cajun understood his subtle changes. He served as the editorial editor for the local newspaper, The Lafayette Daily Advertiser, while continuing to provide public relations consulting to various organizations.\n\nDeath\n\nHamm died on April 22, 2009. His memorial, held in Lafayette, Louisiana, was attended by his wife, Leora, and his three boys. His ashes were interred at Greenwood Cemetery in Pineville, Louisiana, on Monday, April 27, 2009.\n\nExternal links\nBob Hamm's Website\nRecalling Bob \nWhat is a Cajun \n\n1934 births\n2009 deaths\n20th-century American poets\nPoets from Louisiana", "\"I'm an Individual\" is a novelty song released by former Australian football player Mark \"Jacko\" Jackson in 1985. Described as \"a shouty rap\", it reached #3 on the Australian popular music charts.\n\nA follow-up single by Jackson, \"Me Brain Hurts\", was also released but did not achieve the same success.\n\nFellow Australian football full-forward Warwick Capper is reputed to have recorded the single \"I Only Take What's Mine\" as a result of the success of \"I'm an Individual\". The music video for \"I Only Take What's Mine\" includes footage of Capper throwing darts at a picture of Jackson.\n\nThe song was featured in the 2012 play Barassi: The Stage Show.\n\nTrack listing\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n1985 singles\nNovelty songs\n1985 songs" ]

[ "Ernie Kovacs", "Early life and career", "Where was Ernie Kovacs born?", "Kovacs's father Andrew emigrated from Hungary at age 13.", "What was interesting about Ernie's childhood?", "Though a poor student, Kovacs was influenced by his Trenton Central High School drama teacher, Harold Van Kirk, and received an acting scholarship to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts", "What did Kovacs do while at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts?", "When Kovacs began drama school, all he could afford was a fifth floor walk-up apartment on West 74th Street in New York City.", "Was he successful after graduation from the drama school?", "Kovacs used his class vacation time to pursue roles in summer stock companies. While working in Vermont during 1939, he became so seriously ill with pneumonia", "What happened to Kovacs after he was ill?", "During the next year and a half, his comedic talents developed as he entertained both doctors and patients with his antics during stays at several hospitals.", "What success did he find as a result of his antics?", "While hospitalized, Kovacs developed a lifelong love of classical music by the gift of a radio, which he kept tuned to WQXR. By the time he was released, his parents" ]

[ "Father Rosario Stroscio (1922, Sicily - 9 June 2019) was Roman Catholic Salesian priest and exorcist.\n\nIn 1997, Father Stroscio was called in by the Archbishop of Calcutta, Archbishop Henry Sebastian D'Souza to pray over the 87-year-old hospitalized Mother Teresa who had been hospitalized for heart problems. Mother Teresa was suffering from insomnia and acting strangely. The Archbishop said of the situation that, \"when doctors said they could not find a medical reason for her sleeplessness, I thought she might be getting attacked by the devil.\" After Father Stroscio prayed over her, she was calm and slept peacefully.\n\nSome news outlets carried the story that Mother Teresa had undergone an exorcism, but the Archbishop later explained that although Father Stroscio used a prayer found in the rite of exorcism, \"I did not think she was possessed by an evil spirit,\" and so no formal exorcism took place.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n What is an exorcism?\n\nStroscio\n1922 births\n2019 deaths\nItalian exorcists", "Hiong Liong Tan, a.k.a. Tan Hoan Liong or H.L Tan (; 20 August 1938, Buitenzorg - September 2009, Bogor) was an Indonesian–Dutch chess player. He was the first Indonesian and one of the first Asian chess players to hold the International Master title.\n\nTan moved from Indonesia to Amsterdam in 1956 to finish high school, after which he went to study Insurance Mathematics. His first foray in chess was a 31 move loss in one of Botvinnik's simultaneous games in 1958, but he soon became a much stronger player.\n\nHe played for Indonesia at fourth board in the 14th Chess Olympiad at Leipzig 1960, and won an individual gold medal (+14 –1 =5).\n\nTan also took the Dutch Chess Championship at The Hague in 1961, defeating Jan Hein Donner on the way.\n\nIn 1962, he was co-winner of the traditional IBM international chess tournament at Amsterdam, alongside Moshe Czerniak.\n\nHe was awarded the International Master (IM) title in 1963 after scoring 7.5 out of 17 games at that year's Hoogovens tournament.\n\nTan also had a dan rank in Go.\n\nNot long after this tournament Tan was hospitalized for schizophrenia and alcohol addiction. His parents came over from Indonesia, and brought him back to Bandung, where he initially lived in a clinic. After his parents' death, he returned to his birthplace of Bogor, where his family had built him a house. He did not play chess in international tournaments since 1963.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n De mysterieuze Hoan Liong Tan (in Dutch)\n\n1938 births\n2009 deaths\nChess International Masters\nIndonesian chess players\nDutch chess players\nEuropean Go players\nAsian Go players\nIndonesian people of Chinese descent\nIndonesian Hokkien people\nPeople from Bogor\n20th-century chess players" ]

[ "Ernie Kovacs", "Early life and career", "Where was Ernie Kovacs born?", "Kovacs's father Andrew emigrated from Hungary at age 13.", "What was interesting about Ernie's childhood?", "Though a poor student, Kovacs was influenced by his Trenton Central High School drama teacher, Harold Van Kirk, and received an acting scholarship to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts", "What did Kovacs do while at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts?", "When Kovacs began drama school, all he could afford was a fifth floor walk-up apartment on West 74th Street in New York City.", "Was he successful after graduation from the drama school?", "Kovacs used his class vacation time to pursue roles in summer stock companies. While working in Vermont during 1939, he became so seriously ill with pneumonia", "What happened to Kovacs after he was ill?", "During the next year and a half, his comedic talents developed as he entertained both doctors and patients with his antics during stays at several hospitals.", "What success did he find as a result of his antics?", "While hospitalized, Kovacs developed a lifelong love of classical music by the gift of a radio, which he kept tuned to WQXR. By the time he was released, his parents", "What did his parents do after he was hospitalized?", "his parents had separated, and Kovacs went back to Trenton, living with his mother in a two-room apartment over a store. He began work" ]

[ "Ernest Edward Kovacs (January 23, 1919 – January 13, 1962) was an American comedian, actor, and writer.\n\nKovacs's visually experimental and often spontaneous comedic style influenced numerous television comedy programs for years after his death. Kovacs has been credited as an influence by many individuals and shows, including Johnny Carson, David Letterman, Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In, Saturday Night Live, Monty Python's Flying Circus, Jim Henson, Max Headroom, Chevy Chase, Conan O'Brien, Jimmy Kimmel, Captain Kangaroo, Sesame Street, The Electric Company, Pee-wee's Playhouse, The Muppet Show, Dave Garroway, Andy Kaufman, You Can't Do That on Television, MST3K, Uncle Floyd, among others. Chevy Chase thanked Kovacs during his acceptance speech for his Emmy award for Saturday Night Live.\n\nWhile Kovacs and Adams received Emmy nominations for best performances in a comedy series during 1957, his talent was not recognized formally until after his death. The 1962 Emmy for Outstanding Electronic Camera Work and the Directors' Guild award came a short time after his fatal accident. A quarter century later, he was inducted into the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame. Kovacs also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in television. In 1986, the Museum of Broadcasting (later to become the Museum of Television & Radio and now the Paley Center for Media) presented an exhibit of Kovacs's work, called The Vision of Ernie Kovacs. The Pulitzer Prize–winning television critic, William Henry III, wrote for the museum's booklet: \"Kovacs was more than another wide-eyed, self-ingratiating clown. He was television's first significant video artist.\"\n\nEarly life and career\nKovacs's father, Andrew John Kovacs, was born in 1890 and emigrated from Tornaújfalu, Hungary, which is now known as Turnianska Nová Ves, Slovakia. Andrew sailed on the S.S. Würzburg via Bremen, arriving at Ellis Island on February 8, 1906, at age 16. He worked as a policeman, restaurateur, and bootlegger, the last so successfully that he moved his wife Mary, son Tom, and his half-brother Ernest Edward Kovacs into a 20-room mansion in the better part of Trenton.\n\nThough a poor student, Kovacs was influenced by his Trenton Central High School drama teacher, Harold Van Kirk, and received an acting scholarship to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in 1937 with Van Kirk's help. The end of Prohibition and the onset of the Great Depression resulted in difficult financial times for the family. When Kovacs began drama school, all he could afford was a fifth-floor walk-up apartment on West 74th Street in New York City.\nDuring this time, he watched many \"Grade B\" movies; admission was only ten cents. Many of these movies influenced his comedy routines later.\n\nA 1938 local newspaper photograph shows Kovacs as a member of the Prospect Players, not yet wearing his trademark mustache. Kovacs used his class vacation time to pursue roles in summer stock companies. While working in Vermont in 1939, he became so seriously ill with pneumonia and pleurisy that his doctors didn't expect him to survive. During the next year and a half, his comedic talents developed as he entertained both doctors and patients with his antics during stays at several hospitals. While hospitalized, Kovacs developed a lifelong love of classical music by the gift of a radio, which he kept tuned to WQXR. By the time he was released his parents had separated, and Kovacs went back to Trenton, living with his mother in a two-room apartment over a store. He began work as a cigar salesman, which resulted in a lifelong tobacco-smoking habit. \n\nKovacs's first paid entertainment work was during 1941 as an announcer for Trenton's radio station WTTM. He spent the next nine years with WTTM, becoming the station's director of special events; in this job he did things like trying to see what it was like to be run over by a train (leaving the tracks at the last minute) and broadcasting from the cockpit of a plane for which he took flying lessons. Kovacs was also involved with local theater; a local newspaper published a photograph of him and the news that he was doing some directing for the Trenton Players Guild in early 1941. The Trentonian, a local weekly newspaper, offered Kovacs a column in June 1945; he named it \"Kovacs Unlimited\".\n\nStart in television\n\nArriving at NBC's Philadelphia affiliate, WPTZ, for an audition wearing a barrel and shorts got Kovacs his first television job in January 1950. His first show was Pick Your Ideal, a fashion and promotional program for the Ideal Manufacturing Company. Before long, Kovacs was also the host of Deadline For Dinner and Now You're Cooking, shows featuring advice from local chefs. When Kovacs's guest chef did not arrive in time for the show, he offered a recipe for \"Eggs Scavok\" (Kovacs spelled backward). Kovacs seasoned the egg dish with ashes from his cigar. The sponsor was a local propane company. Hosting these shows soon resulted in his becoming host of a program named Three to Get Ready, named for WPTZ's channel 3 spot on television dials.\n\nPremiering in November 1950, Three to Get Ready was innovative because it was the first regularly scheduled early morning (7–9am) show in a major television market, predating NBC's Today by more than a year. Prior to this, it had been assumed that few people would watch television at such an early hour. While the show was advertised as early morning news and weather, Kovacs provided this and more in an original manner. When rain was in the weather forecast, Kovacs would get on a ladder and pour water down on the staff member reading the report. Goats were auditioned for a local theater performance and tiny women appeared to walk up his arm. Kovacs also went outside of the studio for some of his skits, running through a downtown Philadelphia restaurant in a gorilla suit in one; in another, he looked into a construction pit, saying it was deep enough to see to China, when a man in Chinese clothing popped up, said a few words in the language, and ran off. Despite its popularity, the weekly prop budget for the show was just $15. Kovacs once asked his viewers to send unwanted items to Channel 3; they filled the station's lobby.\n\nThe only character no one ever saw inspired more gifts; he was Howard, the World's Strongest Ant. From the time of his WPTZ debut, Howard received more than 30,000 gifts from Kovacs's viewers, including a mink-lined swimming pool. Kovacs began his Early Eyeball Fraternal & Marching Society (EEFMS) while doing Three to Get Ready. There were membership cards with by-laws and ties; the password was a favorite phrase of Kovacs's: \"It's Been Real\". Kovacs continued the EEFMS on his morning show when he moved to WCBS in New York in 1952. The success of Three to Get Ready proved that people did indeed watch early-morning television, and it was one of the factors that caused NBC to create The Today Show. WPTZ did not begin broadcasting Today when it premiered on January 14, 1952; network influence caused the station to end Three to Get Ready at the end of March of that year.\n\nDuring early 1952, Kovacs was also doing a late morning show for WPTZ named Kovacs on the Corner. Kovacs would walk through an imaginary neighborhood, talking with various characters such as Pete the Cop and Luigi the Barber. As with Three to Get Ready, there were some special segments. \"Swap Time\" was one of them: Viewers could bring their unwanted items to the WPTZ studios to trade them live on the air with Kovacs. The show made its debut on January 4, 1952, with Kovacs losing creative control of the program soon after it was begun. Kovacs on the Corner was short-lived; it ended on March 28, 1952, along with Three to Get Ready. Kovacs then began work for WCBS-TV in New York with a local morning show and a later network one. Both programs were canceled; Kovacs lost the local morning program for the same reason as Three to Get Ready—the broadcasting time was confiscated by the station's network in 1954.\n\nVisual humor and characters\n\nAt WPTZ, Kovacs began using the ad-libbed and experimental style that would become his reputation, including video effects, superimpositions, reverse polarities and scanning, and quick blackouts. He was also noted for abstraction and carefully timed non-sequitur gags and for allowing the fourth wall to be breached. Kovacs's cameras commonly showed his viewers activity beyond the boundaries of the show set—including crew members and outside the studio itself. Kovacs also liked talking to the off-camera crew and even introduced segments from the studio control room. He frequently made use of accidents and happenstance, incorporating the unexpected into his shows. In one of Kovacs's Philadelphia broadcasts, Oscar Liebetrau, an elderly crew member who was known for often sleeping for the duration of the telecast, was introduced to the audience as \"Sleeping Schwartz.\" Kovacs was once knocked unconscious when a pie smashed into his face still had the plate under it.\n\nKovacs's love of spontaneity extended to his crew, who would occasionally play on-air pranks on him to see how he would react. During one of his NBC shows, Kovacs was appearing as the inept magician Matzoh Heppelwhite. The sketch called for the magician to frequently hit a gong, which was the signal for a sexy female assistant to bring out a bottle and shot glass for a quick snort of alcohol. Stagehands substituted real liquor for the iced tea normally used for the skit. Kovacs realized that he would be called upon to drink a shot of liquor for each successive gong. He pressed on with the sketch and was quite inebriated by the end of the show.\n\nKovacs helped develop camera tricks still common decades after his death. His character Eugene sat at a table to eat his lunch, but as he removed items one at a time from a lunch box, he watched them inexplicably roll down the table into the lap of a man reading a newspaper at the other end. When Kovacs poured milk from a thermos bottle, the stream flowed in a seemingly unusual direction. Never seen on television before, the secret was using a tilted set in front of a camera tilted at the same angle.\n\nHe constantly sought new techniques and used both primitive and improvised ways of creating visual effects that would later be done electronically. One innovative construction involved attaching a kaleidoscope made from a toilet paper roll to a camera lens with cardboard and tape and setting the resulting abstract images to music. Another was a soup can with both ends removed fitted with angled mirrors. Used on a camera and turning it could put Kovacs seemingly on the ceiling. An underwater stunt involved cigar smoker Kovacs sitting in an easy chair, reading his newspaper and somehow smoking a cigar. Removing it from his mouth, Kovacs was able to exhale a puff of white smoke, all while floating underwater. The trick: the \"smoke\" was a small amount of milk which he filled his mouth with before submerging. Kovacs repeated the effect for a Dutch Masters television commercial on his ABC game show, Take A Good Look.\n\nOne of the special effects he employed made it appear as if he was able to look through his assistant, Barbara Loden's, head. The illusion was performed by placing a black patch on Loden's head and standing her against a black background while one studio camera was trained on her. A second one photographed Kovacs, who used the studio monitor to position himself exactly so that his eye would appear to be looking through a hole in her head.\n\nHe also developed such routines as an all-gorilla version of Swan Lake, a poker game set to Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, the skit Silent Show, in which Eugene interacts with the world accompanied solely by music and sound effects, parodies of typical television commercials and movie genres, and various musical segments with everyday items (such as kitchen appliances or office equipment) moving in sync to music. A popular recurring skit was The Nairobi Trio, three derby-hatted apes miming mechanically and rhythmically to the tune of Robert Maxwell's \"Solfeggio\".\n\nKovacs used extended sketches and mood pieces or quick blackout gags lasting only seconds. Some could be expensive, such as his famous used-car salesman routine with a jalopy and a breakaway floor: it cost $12,000 to produce the six-second gag. He was one of the first television comedians to use odd fake credits and comments between the legitimate credits and, at times, during his routines.\n\nKovacs reportedly disliked working in front of a live audience, as was the case with the shows he did for NBC during the 1950s. He found the presence of an audience distracting, and those in the seats frequently did not understand some of the more elaborate visual gags and special effects, which could only be appreciated by watching studio monitors instead of the stage.\n\nLike many comedians of the era, Kovacs created a rotation of recurring roles. In addition to the silent \"Eugene,\" his most familiar characters were the fey, lisping poet Percy Dovetonsils, and the heavily accented German radio announcer, Wolfgang von Sauerbraten. Mr. Question Man, who answered viewer queries, was a satire on the long-run (1937–56) radio series, The Answer Man. Others included horror show host Auntie Gruesome, bumbling magician Matzoh Heppelwhite, Frenchman Pierre Ragout and Miklos Molnar, the sardonic Hungarian host of a cooking show. The Miklos character wasn't always confined to a kitchen; Kovacs performed a parody of The Howdy Doody Show with \"Buffalo Miklos\" as the host. Poet Percy Dovetonsils can be found playing Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata on a disappearing piano and as a \"Master Detective\" on the \"Private Eye-Private Eye\" presentation of the US Steel Hour on CBS March 8, 1961. On the same show, the Nairobi Trio abandons its instruments for a safe-cracking job; still with a background of \"Solfeggio\", but speaking, two of the three appear in an \"Outer Space\" sketch. \nKovacs became a regular on NBC Radio's program Monitor beginning during late 1958, often using his Mr. Question Man character in his radio monologues.\n\nKovacs never hesitated to lampoon those considered institutions of radio and television. In April 1954, he started the late-night talk show, The Ernie Kovacs Show, on DuMont Television Network's New York flagship station, WABD. Stage, screen and radio notables were often guests. Archie Bleyer, head of Cadence Records, came to chat one evening. Bleyer had been the long-time orchestra director for Arthur Godfrey's radio and television shows. He had been dismissed by Godfrey the year before, together with fellow cast member, singer Julius La Rosa. In La Rosa's case, he hired a manager, defying an unwritten Godfrey policy. With Bleyer, Godfrey was angered when he found that Bleyer's record company Cadence Records had produced spoken-word material by Don McNeill, host of ABC's Don McNeill's Breakfast Club, which Godfrey considered competition to his show. Bleyer and Kovacs were shown in split screen, with Kovacs wearing a red wig, headphones, and playing a ukulele in a Godfrey imitation, while talking with his guest.\n\nKovacs's television programs included Three to Get Ready (an early morning program seen on Philadelphia's WPTZ from 1950 through 1952), It's Time for Ernie (1951, his first network series), Ernie in Kovacsland, (a summer replacement show for Kukla, Fran and Ollie, 1951), The Ernie Kovacs Show (1952–56 on various networks), a twice-a-week job filling in for Steve Allen as host of The Tonight Show on Mondays and Tuesdays (1956–57), and game shows Gamble on Love, One Minute Please, Time Will Tell (all on DuMont), and Take a Good Look (1959–61). Kovacs was also the host of a program, Silents Please, which showed silent movies on network television, with serious discussion about the movies and their actors.\n\nKovacs had a brief stint as a celebrity panelist for the television series What's My Line?, but took his responsibilities less than seriously, often eschewing a legitimate question for the sake of a laugh. An example: Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser, the founder of an automobile company, was the program's \"mystery guest.\" Previous questioning had established that the mystery guest's name was synonymous with an automobile brand, Kovacs asked, \"Are you – and this is just a wild guess – but are you Abraham Lincoln?\"—a reference to the Ford Motor Company's Lincoln automobiles. When Kovacs gave an interview admitting that he was absent from the show when he wanted to go out for dinner on a Sunday, his stint on the panel show was ended.\n\nTV specials\n\nHe also did several television specials, including the famous Silent Show (1957), featuring his character, Eugene: the first all-pantomime prime-time network program. After the end of the Dean Martin-Jerry Lewis partnership, NBC offered Lewis the opportunity to host his own 90-minute color television special. Lewis opted to use only 60 minutes, leaving the network 30 minutes to fill; no one wanted this time slot, but Kovacs was willing to have it. The program contained no spoken dialogue and contained only sound effects and music. Featuring Kovacs as the mute, Charlie Chaplin-like character \"Eugene\", the program contained surreal sight gags. Kovacs developed the Eugene character during the autumn of 1956, when hosting the television series The Tonight Show. Expectations were high for the Lewis program, but it was Kovacs' special that received the most attention; Kovacs received his first movie offer, had a cover story in Life magazine, and received the Sylvania Award that year. \nIn 1961, Kovacs and his co-director, Joe Behar, were recipients of the Directors Guild of America Award for a second version of this program broadcast by the American Broadcasting Company network.\n\nA series of monthly half-hour specials for ABC during 1961–62 is often considered his best television work. Produced on videotape using new editing and special effects techniques, it won a 1962 Emmy Award. Kovacs and co-director Behar also won the Directors Guild of America award for an Ernie Kovacs Special based on the earlier, silent \"Eugene\" program. Kovacs' last ABC special was broadcast posthumously, on January 23, 1962.\n\nThe Dutch Masters cigar company became well-known during the late 1950s and early 1960s for its sponsorship of various television projects of Ernie Kovacs. The company allowed Kovacs total creative control in the creation of their television commercials for his programs and specials. He produced a series of non-speaking television commercials for Dutch Masters during the run of his television series Take A Good Look which was praised by both television critics and viewers.\n\nWhile praised by critics, Kovacs rarely had a highly-rated show. The Museum of Broadcast Communications says, \"It is doubtful that Ernie Kovacs would find a place on television today. He was too zany, too unrestrained, too undisciplined. Perhaps Jack Gould of The New York Times said it best for Ernie Kovacs: 'The fun was in trying'.\"\n\nOther shows had greater success while using elements of Kovacs's style. George Schlatter, producer of the later television series Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, was married to actress Jolene Brand, who had appeared in Kovacs' comic troupes over the years and had been a frequent participant in his pioneering sketches. Laugh-In made frequent use of the quick blackout gags and surreal humor that marked many Kovacs projects. Another link was a young NBC staffer, Bill Wendell, Kovacs's usual announcer and sometimes a sketch participant. From 1980 to 1995, Wendell was the announcer for David Letterman, whose show and style of humor were greatly influenced by Kovacs.\n\nThe Music Man\nKovacs was also known for his eclectic musical taste. His main theme song was named \"Oriental Blues\" by Jack Newton. The rendition most often heard was a piano-driven trio version, but, for his primetime show during 1956, music director Harry Sosnik presented a full-blown big-band version. The German song \"Die Moritat von Mackie Messer\" from The Threepenny Opera (anglicized to \"Mack the Knife\"), frequently underscored his blackout routines. Songwriter Robert Maxwell's \"Solfeggio\" became associated with the derby-hatted apes, 'The Nairobi Trio'.\n\nIn the 1982 TV special Ernie Kovacs: Television's Original Genius, Edie Adams recalled that when Kovacs first heard the melody, he immediately knew what he wanted to do with it, creating a music-box-like trio that moved in time to the tune. Kovacs was introduced to the song in 1954 by Barry Shear, his director at DuMont Television Network.\n\nKovacs matched an unusual treatment of \"Sentimental Journey\", by Mexican bandleader Juan García Esquivel, to video of an empty office in which various items (pencil sharpeners, water coolers, wall clocks) come to life in rhythm with the music; it was a variation on several famous animations of a decade earlier. The original three-minute presentation was outlined by Kovacs in a four-page, single-spaced memo to his staff. The perfectionist Kovacs describes in minute detail what had to be done and how to do it. The memo ends with this: \"I don't know how the hell you're going to get this done by Sunday – but 'rots of ruck.\" (signed) \"Ernie (with love)\". Kovacs also made careful use of the shrill singer Leona Anderson—who had somewhat less than a classical (or even listenable) voice, by some estimations—in comic vignettes.\n\nKovacs used classical music as background for silent skits or abstract visual routines, including \"Concerto for Orchestra\", by Béla Bartók; music from the opera \"The Love of Three Oranges\", by Sergei Prokofiev; the finale of Igor Stravinsky's suite \"The Firebird\"; and Richard Strauss' \"Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks\"; and, from George Gershwin, \"Rialto Ripples\"--the theme to his shows--as well as parts of Gershwin's \"Concerto in F\". He may have been known best for using Joseph Haydn's \"String Quartet, Opus 3, Number 5\" (the \"Serenade,\" actually composed by Roman Hoffstetter) for a series of 1960–61 commercials he created and videotaped for his sponsor, Dutch Masters.\n\nFor the show of May 22, 1959, Kovacs on Music, Kovacs began by saying, \"I have never really understood classical music, so I would like to take this opportunity to explain it to others.\" He presented a gorilla version of Swan Lake which differed from the usual performance only in the persona of the dancers, along with giant paper clips moving to music and other sketches.\n\nHe also served as host on a jazz album to benefit the American Cancer Society in 1957, Listening to Jazz with Ernie Kovacs. It was a 15-minute recording featuring some of the celebrities of the art, including pianist Jimmy Yancey and old original New Orleans Jazz Trumpeter Bunk Johnson, soprano saxophonist Sidney Bechet, guitarist Django Reinhardt, composer/pianist/bandleader Duke Ellington and longtime Ellington trumpeter Cootie Williams. Both the Library of Congress and the National Library of Canada have copies of this recording in their collections.\n\nIn print\nKovacs wrote a novel, Zoomar: A Sophisticated Novel about Love and TV (Doubleday, 1957), based on television pioneer Pat Weaver; it took Kovacs only 13 days to write. The book took its title from the Zoomar brand zoom lenses frequently used on television cameras at the time. In a 1960 interview, Edie Adams related that the novel was written after Kovacs' experiences with network television while he was preparing to broadcast the Silent Show. The 1961 British edition was retitled T.V. Medium Rare by its London-based publisher, Transworld.\n\nWhile he worked on several other book projects, Kovacs's only other published title was How to Talk at Gin, published posthumously in 1962. He intended part of the book's proceeds to benefit Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. During 1955–58, he wrote for Mad (his favorite humor magazine), including the feature \"Strangely Believe It!\" (a parody of Ripley's Believe It or Not! that was a regular feature of his television shows) and Gringo, a board game with ridiculously complicated rules that was renamed Droongo for the television show. Kovacs also wrote the introduction to the 1958 collection Mad For Keeps: A Collection of the Best from Mad Magazine.\n\nTelevision guest star\n\nKovacs and Edie Adams guest starred on what turned out to be the final episode of The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show, (syndicated as The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour or We Love Lucy) \"Lucy Meets the Moustache\", which was in rehearsals during the week of February 28 and filmed on March 3 for an April 1, 1960 network broadcast. \"Lucy Meets the Moustache\" was the last time Arnaz and Ball worked together and the last time their famous characters appeared in a first-run broadcast. According to Adams, Ball and Arnaz 'avoided contact and barely talked to each other in rehearsals and in-between scenes'. Adams also said that they were not told their episode was the last or that the famous couple was to divorce (Ball entered the uncontested divorce request March 4, 1960).\n\nKovacs also appeared in roles on other television programs. For General Electric Theater's \"I Was a Bloodhound\" in 1959, Kovacs played the role of detective Barney Colby, whose extraordinary sense of smell helped him solve many seemingly-impossible cases. Colby was hired by a foreign country to recover its symbol of royalty, a baby elephant, who was being held for ransom.\n\nFilms\nKovacs found Hollywood success as a character actor, often typecast as a swarthy military officer (almost always a \"Captain\" of some sort) in such films as Operation Mad Ball, Wake Me When It's Over and Our Man in Havana. While working in his first film role for Operation Mad Ball, Kovacs was filming a wild party scene after midnight; it was decided to use real champagne for realism. After a few hours of work, someone came up to Kovacs and remarked that he had been having quite a good time chasing starlets all night. Kovacs told the stranger to go to hell, since he was following the script; he later learned the stranger was Harry Cohn, head of Columbia Pictures. Kovacs and Cohn later became friends despite the way they had met, with Cohn giving Kovacs roles in Bell, Book and Candle (1958) and It Happened to Jane (1959).\n\nHe garnered critical acclaim for film roles such as the perennially-inebriated writer in Bell, Book and Candle and as the cartoonishly-evil head of a railroad company (who resembled Orson Welles' title character in Citizen Kane) in It Happened to Jane, where he had his head shaved and his remaining hair dyed grey for the role. In 1960, he played the base commander Charlie Stark in the comedy Wake Me When It's Over and the con man Frankie Cannon trying to steal John Wayne's gold mine in the western comedy, North to Alaska. His own personal favorite was said to have been the offbeat Five Golden Hours (1961), in which he portrayed a larcenous professional mourner who meets his match in a professional widow played by Cyd Charisse. Kovacs's last movie, Sail a Crooked Ship (also 1961), was released one month before his death.\n\nPersonal life\n\nFirst marriage\nKovacs and his first wife, Bette Wilcox, were married on August 13, 1945. When the marriage ended, he fought for custody of their children, Elizabeth (\"Bette\") and Kip Raleigh (\"Kippie\"). The court awarded Kovacs full custody upon determining that his former wife was mentally unstable. The decision was extremely unusual at the time, setting a legal precedent. Wilcox subsequently kidnapped the children, taking them to Florida. After a long and expensive search, Kovacs regained custody. These events were portrayed in the television movie Ernie Kovacs: Between the Laughter (1984), which garnered an Emmy Award nomination for its writer, April Smith. Kovacs was portrayed by Jeff Goldblum.\n\nKovacs's first wife made a legal attempt to gain custody of her two daughters soon after his death. She began August 2, 1962, by claiming $500,000 was her share of Kovacs's estate and charging that her ex-husband had abducted the girls in 1955; Kovacs had been granted legal custody of his daughters in 1952. On August 30, Wilcox filed an affidavit claiming that Kovacs's widow, Edie Adams, the stepmother to the girls, was \"unfit\" to care for them. Both daughters, Bette and Kippie, testified that they wanted to stay with their stepmother, Edie. Kippie's testimony was very emotional; in it she referred to Edie as \"Mommy\" and her birth mother as \"the other lady.\" Upon hearing the verdict that the girls would remain in their home, Adams wept, saying, \"This is what Ernie would have wanted. Now I can smile.\" Elizabeth Kovacs's reaction was \"I'm so happy I can hardly express myself\", after learning she and her sister would not be forced to leave Edie.\n\nSecond marriage\n\nKovacs and Adams met in 1951 when she was hired to work for his WPTZ show, Three to Get Ready. Her appearance on Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts caught the eye of Kovacs's producer, and he asked her to audition for the program. A classically-trained singer, she was able to perform only three popular songs. Edie said later, \"I sang them all during the audition, and if they had asked to hear another, I never would have made it.\" Quoting Kovacs, \"I wish I could say I was the big shot that hired her, but it was my show in name only – the producer had all the say. Later on I did have something to say and I said it: 'Let's get married.'\"\n\nAfter the couple's first date, Kovacs proceeded to buy a Jaguar car, telling Adams he wanted to take her out in style. He was seriously taken with the beautiful and talented young woman, courting her with imagination and flair. Kovacs's attempts to win Adams' affection included hiring a mariachi band to serenade her backstage at the Broadway musical she was performing in and the sudden gift of a diamond engagement ring, telling her to wear it until she made up her mind. Kovacs continued this romantic quest after the show went out of town.\n\nAdams booked a six-week European cruise, which she hoped would let her make up her mind whether or not to marry Kovacs. After only three days away and many long-distance telephone calls, she curtailed her trip and returned to say \"yes\". They eloped and were married on September 12, 1954, in Mexico City. The ceremony was presided over by former New York City mayor William O'Dwyer and was performed in Spanish, which neither Kovacs nor Adams understood; O'Dwyer had to prompt each of them to say \"Sí\" at the \"I do\" portion of the vows. Adams, who had a middle-class upbringing, was smitten by Kovacs's quirky ways; the couple remained together until his death. (She later said about Kovacs, \"He treated me like a little girl, and I loved it—Women's Lib be damned!\")\n\nAdams also aided Kovacs's struggle to reclaim his two older children after the kidnapping by their mother. She also was a regular partner on his television shows. Kovacs usually introduced or addressed her in a businesslike way, as \"Edith Adams\". Adams was usually willing to do anything he envisioned, whether it was singing seriously, performing impersonations (including a well-regarded impression of Marilyn Monroe) or taking a pie in the face or a pratfall if and when needed. The couple had one daughter, Mia Susan Kovacs, born June 20, 1959.\n\nKovacs and his family shared a 16-room apartment in Manhattan on Central Park West that seemed perfect until he went to California for his first film role in Operation Mad Ball. The experience of the totally different, laid-back lifestyle of Hollywood made a big impression on him. He realized he was working too much in New York; in California he would be able to work fewer hours, do just as well or better and have more time for Edie and his daughters. At the time, he was working most of the time and sleeping about two or three hours a night. Kovacs claimed that he realized it was time for a change when he was telling his girls a bedtime story and found himself thinking of using it for a show instead. Kovacs relocated his family there in 1957, after Edie finished work for the Broadway play Li'l Abner.\n\nDeath\n\nIn the early morning hours of January 13, 1962, Kovacs lost control of his Chevrolet Corvair station wagon while turning quickly and crashed into a power pole in Beverly Hills. He was thrown halfway out the vehicle's passenger side and died almost instantly from chest and head injuries.\nA photographer arrived soon after and images of Kovacs' bodywith an unlit cigar on the pavement near his outstretched handappeared in newspapers across the United States.\n\nIn keeping Kovacs's wishes, a simple service was held at the Beverly Hills Community Presbyterian Church. The pallbearers included Jack Lemmon, Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Billy Wilder, and Mervyn LeRoy, and George Burns, Groucho Marx, Edward G. Robinson, Kirk Douglas, Jack Benny, James Stewart, Charlton Heston, Buster Keaton and Milton Berle also attended. The pastor said that Kovacs had summed up his life thus: \"I was born in Trenton, New Jersey in 1919 to a Hungarian couple. I've been smoking cigars ever since.\"\nHe is buried in Forest Lawn-Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles. His epitaph reads \"Nothing in moderation—We all loved him.\"\n\nTax evasion\nA frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them. Up to 90% of his earnings were garnished as a result. His long battles with the IRS inspired Kovacs to invest his money in a convoluted series of paper corporations in the U.S. and Canada. He would give them bizarre names, such as \"The Bazooka Dooka Hicka Hocka Hookah Company\". In 1961, Kovacs was served with a $75,000 lien for back taxes; that same day he bought the California Racquet Club with the apparent hope of being able to use it as a tax write-off. The property had mortgages at the time of purchase which were later paid by Edie Adams.\n\nHis tax woes also affected Kovacs's career, forcing him to take any offered work to pay his debt. This included the ABC game show Take a Good Look, appearances on variety shows such as NBC's The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford, and some of his less-memorable film roles. He also filmed an unaired 1962 pilot episode for a proposed CBS series, Medicine Man (co-starring Buster Keaton; the pilot episode titled \"A Pony for Chris\"). Kovacs' role was that of Dr. P. Crookshank, a traveling medicine salesman in the 1870s, who was selling Mother McGreevy's Wizard Juice, also known as \"man's best friend in a bottle\". This was abandoned after his death, which occurred the day after filming some scenes for the pilot in Griffith Park. CBS initially intended to broadcast the show as part of a summer replacement program, The Comedy Spot, but decided against it due to problems with Kovacs' estate. The pilot is part of the public collection of the Paley Center for Media.\n\nSome of the issues regarding Kovacs' tax problems were still unresolved years after his death. Kovacs had purchased two insurance policies in 1951; his mother was named as the primary beneficiary of them. The IRS placed a lien against them both for their cash value in 1961. To stop the actions being taken against her, Mary Kovacs had to go to Federal court. The court's early 1966 ruling resolved the issue, with the last sentence of the document reading: \"Prima facie, it looks as if, within the limits of discretion permitted the government by the relevant statutes, an injustice is being done Mary Kovacs.\"\n\nAdams, who married and divorced twice after Kovacs' death, refused help from celebrity friends who planned a benefit for the purpose. \"I can take care of my own children,\" she said, and resolved to accept offers only from those who wanted to hire her for her talents. Adams eventually paid all of Kovacs's debts.\n\nLost and surviving work\nMost of Kovacs's early television work was performed live: few kinescopes have survived. Some videotapes of his ABC specials were preserved; others, such as his quirky game show, Take a Good Look, were available mostly in short segments until recently, with the release of some complete, videotaped episodes. After Kovacs's death, Adams discovered not only that her husband owed ABC a great deal of money, but that some networks were systematically erasing and reusing tapes of Kovacs's shows or disposing of the kinescopes and videotapes. She succeeded in purchasing the rights to surviving footage with the proceeds from Kovacs' insurance policy and her own earnings after Kovacs' IRS debts were paid. In March 1996, Adams detailed her experiences before the National Film Preservation Board.\n\nAdams first used some of the videotapes she had purchased for a 1968 ABC television special, The Comedy of Ernie Kovacs; to produce the show, she hired Kovacs's former producer and editor. The hour-long program was sponsored by Kovacs's former sponsor, Dutch Masters.\n\nMost of Kovacs's salvaged work is available to researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles Library's Department of Special Collections: additional material is available at the Paley Center for Media.\n\nThe 1984 television film Ernie Kovacs: Between the Laughter helped return Kovacs to the public's attention, though the show emphasized his bid to retrieve his kidnapped children instead of his professional life. Jeff Goldblum portrayed Kovacs, Madolyn Smith portrayed Bette and Melody Anderson portrayed Adams in the movie. Edie Adams appeared in a cameo in this film, playing Mae West; it was one of the impressions she performed in shows with Kovacs. Telecasts of edited compilations of some of his work by PBS (station WTTW, Chicago) under the title The Best of Ernie Kovacs in 1977, inspired the film. These broadcasts were made available on VHS and DVD. The DVD set features extras that are not in the VHS set. The series was narrated by Jack Lemmon.\n\nDuring the early 1990s, The Comedy Channel broadcast a series of Kovacs' shows under the generic title of The Ernie Kovacs Show. The series included both the ABC specials and some of his 1950s shows from NBC. By 2008, there were no broadcast, cable, or satellite channels broadcasting any of Kovacs's television work, other than his panel appearances on What's My Line? on the Game Show Network. \n\nOn April 19, 2011, Shout! Factory released The Ernie Kovacs Collection, six DVDs spanning Kovacs's television career. The company's website also offers an extra disc with material from Tonight! and The Ernie Kovacs Show, as well as a rare color kinescope of the complete 30-minute 1957 NBC color broadcast featuring \"Eugene\". On October 23, 2012, Shout! Factory released The Ernie Kovacs Collection: Volume 2 on DVD.\n\nIn 1961, Kovacs recorded a record album of poetry in the character of Percy Dovetonsils named Percy Dovetonsils Thpeakth, but was unable to release it due to contractual obligations with other record companies. After he was given the masters, Kovacs donated them to a Los Angeles area hospital. Adams was able to re-acquire the tapes in 1967, and they remained part of her private collection until her death in 2008. The tapes were labeled as movie material and were thought to be such until further examination proved they were Kovacs as Percy reading his poems with no music background. The album was finally released in 2012.\n\nKovacs was inducted posthumously into the Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia's Hall of Fame in 1992.\n\nPartial filmography\n Operation Mad Ball (1957) (with Jack Lemmon) as Capt. Paul Lock\n Bell, Book and Candle (1958) (with James Stewart, Kim Novak, and Jack Lemmon as Sidney Redlitch\n It Happened to Jane (1959) (with Doris Day and Jack Lemmon) as Harry Foster Malone\n Our Man in Havana (1959) (with Alec Guinness and Noël Coward) as Capt. Segura\n Wake Me When It's Over (1960) (with Dick Shawn) as Capt. Charlie Stark\n Strangers When We Meet (1960) (with Kirk Douglas and Kim Novak) as Roger Altar\n North to Alaska (1960) (with John Wayne) as Frankie Canon\n Pepe (1960) (with Cantinflas) as Immigration Inspector\n Five Golden Hours (1961) (with Cyd Charisse and George Sanders) as Aldo Bondi\n Sail a Crooked Ship (1961, with Robert Wagner) as Bugsy G. Foglemeyer aka The Captain\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n\n via Project MUSE\n\nFurther reading\n Adams, Edie (1990). Sing a Pretty Song: The \"Offbeat\" Life of Edie Adams, Including the Ernie Kovacs Years. William Morrow; \n Barker, David Brian (1982). \"Every Moment's a Gift\": Ernie Kovacs in Hollywood, 1957–1962, a Master's Thesis. Available for viewing at the library at the University of Texas at Austin \n Rico, Diana (1990). Kovacsland: A Biography of Ernie Kovacs. Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich; \n Walley, David (1975). Nothing in Moderation. Drake Publishers; Reprinted as The Ernie Kovacs Phile by David Walley, Bolder Books, 1978 and Fireside/Simon & Schuster, 1987;\n\nExternal links\n\n The Official Ernie Kovacs Website\n \n Ernie Kovacs Dot Net: A Tribute To Television's Original Genius\n \n Kovacsland Online! – the Ernie Kovacs website\n List of Kovacs' 16 articles for MAD magazine\n\nWatch\n The Jack Benny Program with Ernie Kovacs as guest at the Internet Archive\n Operation Mad Ball Trailer (1957) at the Internet Archive\n John Barbour's documentary Ernie Kovacs: Television's Original Genius at John Barbour's World\n Ernie Kovacs Dutch Masters Cigar Commercial\n\n1919 births\n1962 deaths\n20th-century American male actors\nAmerican people of Hungarian descent\nAmerican comedy writers\nAmerican game show hosts\nAmerican male film actors\nAmerican male television actors\nAmerican humorists\nAmerican satirists\nAmerican comics writers\nAmerican television talk show hosts\nBurials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)\nEmmy Award winners\nMad (magazine) people\nMale actors from New Jersey\nActors from Trenton, New Jersey\nRoad incident deaths in California\nTrenton Central High School alumni\nWriters from Trenton, New Jersey\nAmerican male comedy actors\n20th-century American comedians", "Gregory Mark Kovacs (December 16, 1968 – November 22, 2013) was a Canadian IFBB professional bodybuilder. According to Canadian bodybuilding publication, Muscle Insider, Kovacs retired from competitive bodybuilding in 2005 to start his own business and coach competitive athletes.\n\nEarly life\nKovacs was born and raised in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. He studied electrical engineering for one year in college, played travelling hockey and soccer before concentrating on his bodybuilding pursuits.\n\nBodybuilding\n\nIn the latter half of the 1990s, Greg Kovacs was the largest pro bodybuilder. According to Muscle Insider, his height: 6'4\", he had an off-season weight of 420 pounds and Contest weight was 330 pounds, his arms measured 25 inches, his chest 70 inches, and his legs a colossal 35 inches. He has been reported to have developed over 27 inch arms in the prime of his career. Kovacs earned his IFBB Pro Card in 1996. In June 1997, he appeared on the cover of Flex magazine. His highest professional bodybuilding placing was 13th at the 2004 Arnold Classic.\n\nLater life\nOn November 29, 2010, Kovacs was charged with extortion after a supplement store owner entered an Erin Mills bank to tell staff he was being extorted, and that a group of men had demanded he withdraw a large sum of money.\n\nDeath\nKovacs died on November 22, 2013 at approximately 9:50 PM, in his Mississauga, Ontario condominium from heart failure. He is survived by his parents and two sisters. Kovacs had no children.\n\nCompetition history\n1996- Canadian National Championships, \t1st\n1997-\tIFBB Night of Champions, \t16th\n1998-\tIFBB Ironman Pro Invitational, \t16th\n2001-\tIFBB Night of Champions, \tDid not place\n2004-\tArnold Classic, \t13th\n2005- Toronto Pro Invitational, Did not place\n\nSee also\nList of male professional bodybuilders\nList of female professional bodybuilders\nMr. Olympia\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nmusclememory.com Kovacs' profile\nmusculardevelopment.com No Bull Radio appearance, Monday, March 31, 2008\n\n1968 births\n2013 deaths\nAmerican bodybuilders\nSportspeople from Niagara Falls, Ontario\nProfessional bodybuilders" ]

[ "Ernie Kovacs", "Early life and career", "Where was Ernie Kovacs born?", "Kovacs's father Andrew emigrated from Hungary at age 13.", "What was interesting about Ernie's childhood?", "Though a poor student, Kovacs was influenced by his Trenton Central High School drama teacher, Harold Van Kirk, and received an acting scholarship to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts", "What did Kovacs do while at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts?", "When Kovacs began drama school, all he could afford was a fifth floor walk-up apartment on West 74th Street in New York City.", "Was he successful after graduation from the drama school?", "Kovacs used his class vacation time to pursue roles in summer stock companies. While working in Vermont during 1939, he became so seriously ill with pneumonia", "What happened to Kovacs after he was ill?", "During the next year and a half, his comedic talents developed as he entertained both doctors and patients with his antics during stays at several hospitals.", "What success did he find as a result of his antics?", "While hospitalized, Kovacs developed a lifelong love of classical music by the gift of a radio, which he kept tuned to WQXR. By the time he was released, his parents", "What did his parents do after he was hospitalized?", "his parents had separated, and Kovacs went back to Trenton, living with his mother in a two-room apartment over a store. He began work", "Where did Kovacs work?", "He began work as a cigar salesman, which resulted in a lifelong cigar-smoking habit." ]

[ "Ernest Edward Kovacs (January 23, 1919 – January 13, 1962) was an American comedian, actor, and writer.\n\nKovacs's visually experimental and often spontaneous comedic style influenced numerous television comedy programs for years after his death. Kovacs has been credited as an influence by many individuals and shows, including Johnny Carson, David Letterman, Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In, Saturday Night Live, Monty Python's Flying Circus, Jim Henson, Max Headroom, Chevy Chase, Conan O'Brien, Jimmy Kimmel, Captain Kangaroo, Sesame Street, The Electric Company, Pee-wee's Playhouse, The Muppet Show, Dave Garroway, Andy Kaufman, You Can't Do That on Television, MST3K, Uncle Floyd, among others. Chevy Chase thanked Kovacs during his acceptance speech for his Emmy award for Saturday Night Live.\n\nWhile Kovacs and Adams received Emmy nominations for best performances in a comedy series during 1957, his talent was not recognized formally until after his death. The 1962 Emmy for Outstanding Electronic Camera Work and the Directors' Guild award came a short time after his fatal accident. A quarter century later, he was inducted into the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame. Kovacs also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in television. In 1986, the Museum of Broadcasting (later to become the Museum of Television & Radio and now the Paley Center for Media) presented an exhibit of Kovacs's work, called The Vision of Ernie Kovacs. The Pulitzer Prize–winning television critic, William Henry III, wrote for the museum's booklet: \"Kovacs was more than another wide-eyed, self-ingratiating clown. He was television's first significant video artist.\"\n\nEarly life and career\nKovacs's father, Andrew John Kovacs, was born in 1890 and emigrated from Tornaújfalu, Hungary, which is now known as Turnianska Nová Ves, Slovakia. Andrew sailed on the S.S. Würzburg via Bremen, arriving at Ellis Island on February 8, 1906, at age 16. He worked as a policeman, restaurateur, and bootlegger, the last so successfully that he moved his wife Mary, son Tom, and his half-brother Ernest Edward Kovacs into a 20-room mansion in the better part of Trenton.\n\nThough a poor student, Kovacs was influenced by his Trenton Central High School drama teacher, Harold Van Kirk, and received an acting scholarship to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in 1937 with Van Kirk's help. The end of Prohibition and the onset of the Great Depression resulted in difficult financial times for the family. When Kovacs began drama school, all he could afford was a fifth-floor walk-up apartment on West 74th Street in New York City.\nDuring this time, he watched many \"Grade B\" movies; admission was only ten cents. Many of these movies influenced his comedy routines later.\n\nA 1938 local newspaper photograph shows Kovacs as a member of the Prospect Players, not yet wearing his trademark mustache. Kovacs used his class vacation time to pursue roles in summer stock companies. While working in Vermont in 1939, he became so seriously ill with pneumonia and pleurisy that his doctors didn't expect him to survive. During the next year and a half, his comedic talents developed as he entertained both doctors and patients with his antics during stays at several hospitals. While hospitalized, Kovacs developed a lifelong love of classical music by the gift of a radio, which he kept tuned to WQXR. By the time he was released his parents had separated, and Kovacs went back to Trenton, living with his mother in a two-room apartment over a store. He began work as a cigar salesman, which resulted in a lifelong tobacco-smoking habit. \n\nKovacs's first paid entertainment work was during 1941 as an announcer for Trenton's radio station WTTM. He spent the next nine years with WTTM, becoming the station's director of special events; in this job he did things like trying to see what it was like to be run over by a train (leaving the tracks at the last minute) and broadcasting from the cockpit of a plane for which he took flying lessons. Kovacs was also involved with local theater; a local newspaper published a photograph of him and the news that he was doing some directing for the Trenton Players Guild in early 1941. The Trentonian, a local weekly newspaper, offered Kovacs a column in June 1945; he named it \"Kovacs Unlimited\".\n\nStart in television\n\nArriving at NBC's Philadelphia affiliate, WPTZ, for an audition wearing a barrel and shorts got Kovacs his first television job in January 1950. His first show was Pick Your Ideal, a fashion and promotional program for the Ideal Manufacturing Company. Before long, Kovacs was also the host of Deadline For Dinner and Now You're Cooking, shows featuring advice from local chefs. When Kovacs's guest chef did not arrive in time for the show, he offered a recipe for \"Eggs Scavok\" (Kovacs spelled backward). Kovacs seasoned the egg dish with ashes from his cigar. The sponsor was a local propane company. Hosting these shows soon resulted in his becoming host of a program named Three to Get Ready, named for WPTZ's channel 3 spot on television dials.\n\nPremiering in November 1950, Three to Get Ready was innovative because it was the first regularly scheduled early morning (7–9am) show in a major television market, predating NBC's Today by more than a year. Prior to this, it had been assumed that few people would watch television at such an early hour. While the show was advertised as early morning news and weather, Kovacs provided this and more in an original manner. When rain was in the weather forecast, Kovacs would get on a ladder and pour water down on the staff member reading the report. Goats were auditioned for a local theater performance and tiny women appeared to walk up his arm. Kovacs also went outside of the studio for some of his skits, running through a downtown Philadelphia restaurant in a gorilla suit in one; in another, he looked into a construction pit, saying it was deep enough to see to China, when a man in Chinese clothing popped up, said a few words in the language, and ran off. Despite its popularity, the weekly prop budget for the show was just $15. Kovacs once asked his viewers to send unwanted items to Channel 3; they filled the station's lobby.\n\nThe only character no one ever saw inspired more gifts; he was Howard, the World's Strongest Ant. From the time of his WPTZ debut, Howard received more than 30,000 gifts from Kovacs's viewers, including a mink-lined swimming pool. Kovacs began his Early Eyeball Fraternal & Marching Society (EEFMS) while doing Three to Get Ready. There were membership cards with by-laws and ties; the password was a favorite phrase of Kovacs's: \"It's Been Real\". Kovacs continued the EEFMS on his morning show when he moved to WCBS in New York in 1952. The success of Three to Get Ready proved that people did indeed watch early-morning television, and it was one of the factors that caused NBC to create The Today Show. WPTZ did not begin broadcasting Today when it premiered on January 14, 1952; network influence caused the station to end Three to Get Ready at the end of March of that year.\n\nDuring early 1952, Kovacs was also doing a late morning show for WPTZ named Kovacs on the Corner. Kovacs would walk through an imaginary neighborhood, talking with various characters such as Pete the Cop and Luigi the Barber. As with Three to Get Ready, there were some special segments. \"Swap Time\" was one of them: Viewers could bring their unwanted items to the WPTZ studios to trade them live on the air with Kovacs. The show made its debut on January 4, 1952, with Kovacs losing creative control of the program soon after it was begun. Kovacs on the Corner was short-lived; it ended on March 28, 1952, along with Three to Get Ready. Kovacs then began work for WCBS-TV in New York with a local morning show and a later network one. Both programs were canceled; Kovacs lost the local morning program for the same reason as Three to Get Ready—the broadcasting time was confiscated by the station's network in 1954.\n\nVisual humor and characters\n\nAt WPTZ, Kovacs began using the ad-libbed and experimental style that would become his reputation, including video effects, superimpositions, reverse polarities and scanning, and quick blackouts. He was also noted for abstraction and carefully timed non-sequitur gags and for allowing the fourth wall to be breached. Kovacs's cameras commonly showed his viewers activity beyond the boundaries of the show set—including crew members and outside the studio itself. Kovacs also liked talking to the off-camera crew and even introduced segments from the studio control room. He frequently made use of accidents and happenstance, incorporating the unexpected into his shows. In one of Kovacs's Philadelphia broadcasts, Oscar Liebetrau, an elderly crew member who was known for often sleeping for the duration of the telecast, was introduced to the audience as \"Sleeping Schwartz.\" Kovacs was once knocked unconscious when a pie smashed into his face still had the plate under it.\n\nKovacs's love of spontaneity extended to his crew, who would occasionally play on-air pranks on him to see how he would react. During one of his NBC shows, Kovacs was appearing as the inept magician Matzoh Heppelwhite. The sketch called for the magician to frequently hit a gong, which was the signal for a sexy female assistant to bring out a bottle and shot glass for a quick snort of alcohol. Stagehands substituted real liquor for the iced tea normally used for the skit. Kovacs realized that he would be called upon to drink a shot of liquor for each successive gong. He pressed on with the sketch and was quite inebriated by the end of the show.\n\nKovacs helped develop camera tricks still common decades after his death. His character Eugene sat at a table to eat his lunch, but as he removed items one at a time from a lunch box, he watched them inexplicably roll down the table into the lap of a man reading a newspaper at the other end. When Kovacs poured milk from a thermos bottle, the stream flowed in a seemingly unusual direction. Never seen on television before, the secret was using a tilted set in front of a camera tilted at the same angle.\n\nHe constantly sought new techniques and used both primitive and improvised ways of creating visual effects that would later be done electronically. One innovative construction involved attaching a kaleidoscope made from a toilet paper roll to a camera lens with cardboard and tape and setting the resulting abstract images to music. Another was a soup can with both ends removed fitted with angled mirrors. Used on a camera and turning it could put Kovacs seemingly on the ceiling. An underwater stunt involved cigar smoker Kovacs sitting in an easy chair, reading his newspaper and somehow smoking a cigar. Removing it from his mouth, Kovacs was able to exhale a puff of white smoke, all while floating underwater. The trick: the \"smoke\" was a small amount of milk which he filled his mouth with before submerging. Kovacs repeated the effect for a Dutch Masters television commercial on his ABC game show, Take A Good Look.\n\nOne of the special effects he employed made it appear as if he was able to look through his assistant, Barbara Loden's, head. The illusion was performed by placing a black patch on Loden's head and standing her against a black background while one studio camera was trained on her. A second one photographed Kovacs, who used the studio monitor to position himself exactly so that his eye would appear to be looking through a hole in her head.\n\nHe also developed such routines as an all-gorilla version of Swan Lake, a poker game set to Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, the skit Silent Show, in which Eugene interacts with the world accompanied solely by music and sound effects, parodies of typical television commercials and movie genres, and various musical segments with everyday items (such as kitchen appliances or office equipment) moving in sync to music. A popular recurring skit was The Nairobi Trio, three derby-hatted apes miming mechanically and rhythmically to the tune of Robert Maxwell's \"Solfeggio\".\n\nKovacs used extended sketches and mood pieces or quick blackout gags lasting only seconds. Some could be expensive, such as his famous used-car salesman routine with a jalopy and a breakaway floor: it cost $12,000 to produce the six-second gag. He was one of the first television comedians to use odd fake credits and comments between the legitimate credits and, at times, during his routines.\n\nKovacs reportedly disliked working in front of a live audience, as was the case with the shows he did for NBC during the 1950s. He found the presence of an audience distracting, and those in the seats frequently did not understand some of the more elaborate visual gags and special effects, which could only be appreciated by watching studio monitors instead of the stage.\n\nLike many comedians of the era, Kovacs created a rotation of recurring roles. In addition to the silent \"Eugene,\" his most familiar characters were the fey, lisping poet Percy Dovetonsils, and the heavily accented German radio announcer, Wolfgang von Sauerbraten. Mr. Question Man, who answered viewer queries, was a satire on the long-run (1937–56) radio series, The Answer Man. Others included horror show host Auntie Gruesome, bumbling magician Matzoh Heppelwhite, Frenchman Pierre Ragout and Miklos Molnar, the sardonic Hungarian host of a cooking show. The Miklos character wasn't always confined to a kitchen; Kovacs performed a parody of The Howdy Doody Show with \"Buffalo Miklos\" as the host. Poet Percy Dovetonsils can be found playing Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata on a disappearing piano and as a \"Master Detective\" on the \"Private Eye-Private Eye\" presentation of the US Steel Hour on CBS March 8, 1961. On the same show, the Nairobi Trio abandons its instruments for a safe-cracking job; still with a background of \"Solfeggio\", but speaking, two of the three appear in an \"Outer Space\" sketch. \nKovacs became a regular on NBC Radio's program Monitor beginning during late 1958, often using his Mr. Question Man character in his radio monologues.\n\nKovacs never hesitated to lampoon those considered institutions of radio and television. In April 1954, he started the late-night talk show, The Ernie Kovacs Show, on DuMont Television Network's New York flagship station, WABD. Stage, screen and radio notables were often guests. Archie Bleyer, head of Cadence Records, came to chat one evening. Bleyer had been the long-time orchestra director for Arthur Godfrey's radio and television shows. He had been dismissed by Godfrey the year before, together with fellow cast member, singer Julius La Rosa. In La Rosa's case, he hired a manager, defying an unwritten Godfrey policy. With Bleyer, Godfrey was angered when he found that Bleyer's record company Cadence Records had produced spoken-word material by Don McNeill, host of ABC's Don McNeill's Breakfast Club, which Godfrey considered competition to his show. Bleyer and Kovacs were shown in split screen, with Kovacs wearing a red wig, headphones, and playing a ukulele in a Godfrey imitation, while talking with his guest.\n\nKovacs's television programs included Three to Get Ready (an early morning program seen on Philadelphia's WPTZ from 1950 through 1952), It's Time for Ernie (1951, his first network series), Ernie in Kovacsland, (a summer replacement show for Kukla, Fran and Ollie, 1951), The Ernie Kovacs Show (1952–56 on various networks), a twice-a-week job filling in for Steve Allen as host of The Tonight Show on Mondays and Tuesdays (1956–57), and game shows Gamble on Love, One Minute Please, Time Will Tell (all on DuMont), and Take a Good Look (1959–61). Kovacs was also the host of a program, Silents Please, which showed silent movies on network television, with serious discussion about the movies and their actors.\n\nKovacs had a brief stint as a celebrity panelist for the television series What's My Line?, but took his responsibilities less than seriously, often eschewing a legitimate question for the sake of a laugh. An example: Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser, the founder of an automobile company, was the program's \"mystery guest.\" Previous questioning had established that the mystery guest's name was synonymous with an automobile brand, Kovacs asked, \"Are you – and this is just a wild guess – but are you Abraham Lincoln?\"—a reference to the Ford Motor Company's Lincoln automobiles. When Kovacs gave an interview admitting that he was absent from the show when he wanted to go out for dinner on a Sunday, his stint on the panel show was ended.\n\nTV specials\n\nHe also did several television specials, including the famous Silent Show (1957), featuring his character, Eugene: the first all-pantomime prime-time network program. After the end of the Dean Martin-Jerry Lewis partnership, NBC offered Lewis the opportunity to host his own 90-minute color television special. Lewis opted to use only 60 minutes, leaving the network 30 minutes to fill; no one wanted this time slot, but Kovacs was willing to have it. The program contained no spoken dialogue and contained only sound effects and music. Featuring Kovacs as the mute, Charlie Chaplin-like character \"Eugene\", the program contained surreal sight gags. Kovacs developed the Eugene character during the autumn of 1956, when hosting the television series The Tonight Show. Expectations were high for the Lewis program, but it was Kovacs' special that received the most attention; Kovacs received his first movie offer, had a cover story in Life magazine, and received the Sylvania Award that year. \nIn 1961, Kovacs and his co-director, Joe Behar, were recipients of the Directors Guild of America Award for a second version of this program broadcast by the American Broadcasting Company network.\n\nA series of monthly half-hour specials for ABC during 1961–62 is often considered his best television work. Produced on videotape using new editing and special effects techniques, it won a 1962 Emmy Award. Kovacs and co-director Behar also won the Directors Guild of America award for an Ernie Kovacs Special based on the earlier, silent \"Eugene\" program. Kovacs' last ABC special was broadcast posthumously, on January 23, 1962.\n\nThe Dutch Masters cigar company became well-known during the late 1950s and early 1960s for its sponsorship of various television projects of Ernie Kovacs. The company allowed Kovacs total creative control in the creation of their television commercials for his programs and specials. He produced a series of non-speaking television commercials for Dutch Masters during the run of his television series Take A Good Look which was praised by both television critics and viewers.\n\nWhile praised by critics, Kovacs rarely had a highly-rated show. The Museum of Broadcast Communications says, \"It is doubtful that Ernie Kovacs would find a place on television today. He was too zany, too unrestrained, too undisciplined. Perhaps Jack Gould of The New York Times said it best for Ernie Kovacs: 'The fun was in trying'.\"\n\nOther shows had greater success while using elements of Kovacs's style. George Schlatter, producer of the later television series Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, was married to actress Jolene Brand, who had appeared in Kovacs' comic troupes over the years and had been a frequent participant in his pioneering sketches. Laugh-In made frequent use of the quick blackout gags and surreal humor that marked many Kovacs projects. Another link was a young NBC staffer, Bill Wendell, Kovacs's usual announcer and sometimes a sketch participant. From 1980 to 1995, Wendell was the announcer for David Letterman, whose show and style of humor were greatly influenced by Kovacs.\n\nThe Music Man\nKovacs was also known for his eclectic musical taste. His main theme song was named \"Oriental Blues\" by Jack Newton. The rendition most often heard was a piano-driven trio version, but, for his primetime show during 1956, music director Harry Sosnik presented a full-blown big-band version. The German song \"Die Moritat von Mackie Messer\" from The Threepenny Opera (anglicized to \"Mack the Knife\"), frequently underscored his blackout routines. Songwriter Robert Maxwell's \"Solfeggio\" became associated with the derby-hatted apes, 'The Nairobi Trio'.\n\nIn the 1982 TV special Ernie Kovacs: Television's Original Genius, Edie Adams recalled that when Kovacs first heard the melody, he immediately knew what he wanted to do with it, creating a music-box-like trio that moved in time to the tune. Kovacs was introduced to the song in 1954 by Barry Shear, his director at DuMont Television Network.\n\nKovacs matched an unusual treatment of \"Sentimental Journey\", by Mexican bandleader Juan García Esquivel, to video of an empty office in which various items (pencil sharpeners, water coolers, wall clocks) come to life in rhythm with the music; it was a variation on several famous animations of a decade earlier. The original three-minute presentation was outlined by Kovacs in a four-page, single-spaced memo to his staff. The perfectionist Kovacs describes in minute detail what had to be done and how to do it. The memo ends with this: \"I don't know how the hell you're going to get this done by Sunday – but 'rots of ruck.\" (signed) \"Ernie (with love)\". Kovacs also made careful use of the shrill singer Leona Anderson—who had somewhat less than a classical (or even listenable) voice, by some estimations—in comic vignettes.\n\nKovacs used classical music as background for silent skits or abstract visual routines, including \"Concerto for Orchestra\", by Béla Bartók; music from the opera \"The Love of Three Oranges\", by Sergei Prokofiev; the finale of Igor Stravinsky's suite \"The Firebird\"; and Richard Strauss' \"Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks\"; and, from George Gershwin, \"Rialto Ripples\"--the theme to his shows--as well as parts of Gershwin's \"Concerto in F\". He may have been known best for using Joseph Haydn's \"String Quartet, Opus 3, Number 5\" (the \"Serenade,\" actually composed by Roman Hoffstetter) for a series of 1960–61 commercials he created and videotaped for his sponsor, Dutch Masters.\n\nFor the show of May 22, 1959, Kovacs on Music, Kovacs began by saying, \"I have never really understood classical music, so I would like to take this opportunity to explain it to others.\" He presented a gorilla version of Swan Lake which differed from the usual performance only in the persona of the dancers, along with giant paper clips moving to music and other sketches.\n\nHe also served as host on a jazz album to benefit the American Cancer Society in 1957, Listening to Jazz with Ernie Kovacs. It was a 15-minute recording featuring some of the celebrities of the art, including pianist Jimmy Yancey and old original New Orleans Jazz Trumpeter Bunk Johnson, soprano saxophonist Sidney Bechet, guitarist Django Reinhardt, composer/pianist/bandleader Duke Ellington and longtime Ellington trumpeter Cootie Williams. Both the Library of Congress and the National Library of Canada have copies of this recording in their collections.\n\nIn print\nKovacs wrote a novel, Zoomar: A Sophisticated Novel about Love and TV (Doubleday, 1957), based on television pioneer Pat Weaver; it took Kovacs only 13 days to write. The book took its title from the Zoomar brand zoom lenses frequently used on television cameras at the time. In a 1960 interview, Edie Adams related that the novel was written after Kovacs' experiences with network television while he was preparing to broadcast the Silent Show. The 1961 British edition was retitled T.V. Medium Rare by its London-based publisher, Transworld.\n\nWhile he worked on several other book projects, Kovacs's only other published title was How to Talk at Gin, published posthumously in 1962. He intended part of the book's proceeds to benefit Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. During 1955–58, he wrote for Mad (his favorite humor magazine), including the feature \"Strangely Believe It!\" (a parody of Ripley's Believe It or Not! that was a regular feature of his television shows) and Gringo, a board game with ridiculously complicated rules that was renamed Droongo for the television show. Kovacs also wrote the introduction to the 1958 collection Mad For Keeps: A Collection of the Best from Mad Magazine.\n\nTelevision guest star\n\nKovacs and Edie Adams guest starred on what turned out to be the final episode of The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show, (syndicated as The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour or We Love Lucy) \"Lucy Meets the Moustache\", which was in rehearsals during the week of February 28 and filmed on March 3 for an April 1, 1960 network broadcast. \"Lucy Meets the Moustache\" was the last time Arnaz and Ball worked together and the last time their famous characters appeared in a first-run broadcast. According to Adams, Ball and Arnaz 'avoided contact and barely talked to each other in rehearsals and in-between scenes'. Adams also said that they were not told their episode was the last or that the famous couple was to divorce (Ball entered the uncontested divorce request March 4, 1960).\n\nKovacs also appeared in roles on other television programs. For General Electric Theater's \"I Was a Bloodhound\" in 1959, Kovacs played the role of detective Barney Colby, whose extraordinary sense of smell helped him solve many seemingly-impossible cases. Colby was hired by a foreign country to recover its symbol of royalty, a baby elephant, who was being held for ransom.\n\nFilms\nKovacs found Hollywood success as a character actor, often typecast as a swarthy military officer (almost always a \"Captain\" of some sort) in such films as Operation Mad Ball, Wake Me When It's Over and Our Man in Havana. While working in his first film role for Operation Mad Ball, Kovacs was filming a wild party scene after midnight; it was decided to use real champagne for realism. After a few hours of work, someone came up to Kovacs and remarked that he had been having quite a good time chasing starlets all night. Kovacs told the stranger to go to hell, since he was following the script; he later learned the stranger was Harry Cohn, head of Columbia Pictures. Kovacs and Cohn later became friends despite the way they had met, with Cohn giving Kovacs roles in Bell, Book and Candle (1958) and It Happened to Jane (1959).\n\nHe garnered critical acclaim for film roles such as the perennially-inebriated writer in Bell, Book and Candle and as the cartoonishly-evil head of a railroad company (who resembled Orson Welles' title character in Citizen Kane) in It Happened to Jane, where he had his head shaved and his remaining hair dyed grey for the role. In 1960, he played the base commander Charlie Stark in the comedy Wake Me When It's Over and the con man Frankie Cannon trying to steal John Wayne's gold mine in the western comedy, North to Alaska. His own personal favorite was said to have been the offbeat Five Golden Hours (1961), in which he portrayed a larcenous professional mourner who meets his match in a professional widow played by Cyd Charisse. Kovacs's last movie, Sail a Crooked Ship (also 1961), was released one month before his death.\n\nPersonal life\n\nFirst marriage\nKovacs and his first wife, Bette Wilcox, were married on August 13, 1945. When the marriage ended, he fought for custody of their children, Elizabeth (\"Bette\") and Kip Raleigh (\"Kippie\"). The court awarded Kovacs full custody upon determining that his former wife was mentally unstable. The decision was extremely unusual at the time, setting a legal precedent. Wilcox subsequently kidnapped the children, taking them to Florida. After a long and expensive search, Kovacs regained custody. These events were portrayed in the television movie Ernie Kovacs: Between the Laughter (1984), which garnered an Emmy Award nomination for its writer, April Smith. Kovacs was portrayed by Jeff Goldblum.\n\nKovacs's first wife made a legal attempt to gain custody of her two daughters soon after his death. She began August 2, 1962, by claiming $500,000 was her share of Kovacs's estate and charging that her ex-husband had abducted the girls in 1955; Kovacs had been granted legal custody of his daughters in 1952. On August 30, Wilcox filed an affidavit claiming that Kovacs's widow, Edie Adams, the stepmother to the girls, was \"unfit\" to care for them. Both daughters, Bette and Kippie, testified that they wanted to stay with their stepmother, Edie. Kippie's testimony was very emotional; in it she referred to Edie as \"Mommy\" and her birth mother as \"the other lady.\" Upon hearing the verdict that the girls would remain in their home, Adams wept, saying, \"This is what Ernie would have wanted. Now I can smile.\" Elizabeth Kovacs's reaction was \"I'm so happy I can hardly express myself\", after learning she and her sister would not be forced to leave Edie.\n\nSecond marriage\n\nKovacs and Adams met in 1951 when she was hired to work for his WPTZ show, Three to Get Ready. Her appearance on Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts caught the eye of Kovacs's producer, and he asked her to audition for the program. A classically-trained singer, she was able to perform only three popular songs. Edie said later, \"I sang them all during the audition, and if they had asked to hear another, I never would have made it.\" Quoting Kovacs, \"I wish I could say I was the big shot that hired her, but it was my show in name only – the producer had all the say. Later on I did have something to say and I said it: 'Let's get married.'\"\n\nAfter the couple's first date, Kovacs proceeded to buy a Jaguar car, telling Adams he wanted to take her out in style. He was seriously taken with the beautiful and talented young woman, courting her with imagination and flair. Kovacs's attempts to win Adams' affection included hiring a mariachi band to serenade her backstage at the Broadway musical she was performing in and the sudden gift of a diamond engagement ring, telling her to wear it until she made up her mind. Kovacs continued this romantic quest after the show went out of town.\n\nAdams booked a six-week European cruise, which she hoped would let her make up her mind whether or not to marry Kovacs. After only three days away and many long-distance telephone calls, she curtailed her trip and returned to say \"yes\". They eloped and were married on September 12, 1954, in Mexico City. The ceremony was presided over by former New York City mayor William O'Dwyer and was performed in Spanish, which neither Kovacs nor Adams understood; O'Dwyer had to prompt each of them to say \"Sí\" at the \"I do\" portion of the vows. Adams, who had a middle-class upbringing, was smitten by Kovacs's quirky ways; the couple remained together until his death. (She later said about Kovacs, \"He treated me like a little girl, and I loved it—Women's Lib be damned!\")\n\nAdams also aided Kovacs's struggle to reclaim his two older children after the kidnapping by their mother. She also was a regular partner on his television shows. Kovacs usually introduced or addressed her in a businesslike way, as \"Edith Adams\". Adams was usually willing to do anything he envisioned, whether it was singing seriously, performing impersonations (including a well-regarded impression of Marilyn Monroe) or taking a pie in the face or a pratfall if and when needed. The couple had one daughter, Mia Susan Kovacs, born June 20, 1959.\n\nKovacs and his family shared a 16-room apartment in Manhattan on Central Park West that seemed perfect until he went to California for his first film role in Operation Mad Ball. The experience of the totally different, laid-back lifestyle of Hollywood made a big impression on him. He realized he was working too much in New York; in California he would be able to work fewer hours, do just as well or better and have more time for Edie and his daughters. At the time, he was working most of the time and sleeping about two or three hours a night. Kovacs claimed that he realized it was time for a change when he was telling his girls a bedtime story and found himself thinking of using it for a show instead. Kovacs relocated his family there in 1957, after Edie finished work for the Broadway play Li'l Abner.\n\nDeath\n\nIn the early morning hours of January 13, 1962, Kovacs lost control of his Chevrolet Corvair station wagon while turning quickly and crashed into a power pole in Beverly Hills. He was thrown halfway out the vehicle's passenger side and died almost instantly from chest and head injuries.\nA photographer arrived soon after and images of Kovacs' bodywith an unlit cigar on the pavement near his outstretched handappeared in newspapers across the United States.\n\nIn keeping Kovacs's wishes, a simple service was held at the Beverly Hills Community Presbyterian Church. The pallbearers included Jack Lemmon, Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Billy Wilder, and Mervyn LeRoy, and George Burns, Groucho Marx, Edward G. Robinson, Kirk Douglas, Jack Benny, James Stewart, Charlton Heston, Buster Keaton and Milton Berle also attended. The pastor said that Kovacs had summed up his life thus: \"I was born in Trenton, New Jersey in 1919 to a Hungarian couple. I've been smoking cigars ever since.\"\nHe is buried in Forest Lawn-Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles. His epitaph reads \"Nothing in moderation—We all loved him.\"\n\nTax evasion\nA frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them. Up to 90% of his earnings were garnished as a result. His long battles with the IRS inspired Kovacs to invest his money in a convoluted series of paper corporations in the U.S. and Canada. He would give them bizarre names, such as \"The Bazooka Dooka Hicka Hocka Hookah Company\". In 1961, Kovacs was served with a $75,000 lien for back taxes; that same day he bought the California Racquet Club with the apparent hope of being able to use it as a tax write-off. The property had mortgages at the time of purchase which were later paid by Edie Adams.\n\nHis tax woes also affected Kovacs's career, forcing him to take any offered work to pay his debt. This included the ABC game show Take a Good Look, appearances on variety shows such as NBC's The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford, and some of his less-memorable film roles. He also filmed an unaired 1962 pilot episode for a proposed CBS series, Medicine Man (co-starring Buster Keaton; the pilot episode titled \"A Pony for Chris\"). Kovacs' role was that of Dr. P. Crookshank, a traveling medicine salesman in the 1870s, who was selling Mother McGreevy's Wizard Juice, also known as \"man's best friend in a bottle\". This was abandoned after his death, which occurred the day after filming some scenes for the pilot in Griffith Park. CBS initially intended to broadcast the show as part of a summer replacement program, The Comedy Spot, but decided against it due to problems with Kovacs' estate. The pilot is part of the public collection of the Paley Center for Media.\n\nSome of the issues regarding Kovacs' tax problems were still unresolved years after his death. Kovacs had purchased two insurance policies in 1951; his mother was named as the primary beneficiary of them. The IRS placed a lien against them both for their cash value in 1961. To stop the actions being taken against her, Mary Kovacs had to go to Federal court. The court's early 1966 ruling resolved the issue, with the last sentence of the document reading: \"Prima facie, it looks as if, within the limits of discretion permitted the government by the relevant statutes, an injustice is being done Mary Kovacs.\"\n\nAdams, who married and divorced twice after Kovacs' death, refused help from celebrity friends who planned a benefit for the purpose. \"I can take care of my own children,\" she said, and resolved to accept offers only from those who wanted to hire her for her talents. Adams eventually paid all of Kovacs's debts.\n\nLost and surviving work\nMost of Kovacs's early television work was performed live: few kinescopes have survived. Some videotapes of his ABC specials were preserved; others, such as his quirky game show, Take a Good Look, were available mostly in short segments until recently, with the release of some complete, videotaped episodes. After Kovacs's death, Adams discovered not only that her husband owed ABC a great deal of money, but that some networks were systematically erasing and reusing tapes of Kovacs's shows or disposing of the kinescopes and videotapes. She succeeded in purchasing the rights to surviving footage with the proceeds from Kovacs' insurance policy and her own earnings after Kovacs' IRS debts were paid. In March 1996, Adams detailed her experiences before the National Film Preservation Board.\n\nAdams first used some of the videotapes she had purchased for a 1968 ABC television special, The Comedy of Ernie Kovacs; to produce the show, she hired Kovacs's former producer and editor. The hour-long program was sponsored by Kovacs's former sponsor, Dutch Masters.\n\nMost of Kovacs's salvaged work is available to researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles Library's Department of Special Collections: additional material is available at the Paley Center for Media.\n\nThe 1984 television film Ernie Kovacs: Between the Laughter helped return Kovacs to the public's attention, though the show emphasized his bid to retrieve his kidnapped children instead of his professional life. Jeff Goldblum portrayed Kovacs, Madolyn Smith portrayed Bette and Melody Anderson portrayed Adams in the movie. Edie Adams appeared in a cameo in this film, playing Mae West; it was one of the impressions she performed in shows with Kovacs. Telecasts of edited compilations of some of his work by PBS (station WTTW, Chicago) under the title The Best of Ernie Kovacs in 1977, inspired the film. These broadcasts were made available on VHS and DVD. The DVD set features extras that are not in the VHS set. The series was narrated by Jack Lemmon.\n\nDuring the early 1990s, The Comedy Channel broadcast a series of Kovacs' shows under the generic title of The Ernie Kovacs Show. The series included both the ABC specials and some of his 1950s shows from NBC. By 2008, there were no broadcast, cable, or satellite channels broadcasting any of Kovacs's television work, other than his panel appearances on What's My Line? on the Game Show Network. \n\nOn April 19, 2011, Shout! Factory released The Ernie Kovacs Collection, six DVDs spanning Kovacs's television career. The company's website also offers an extra disc with material from Tonight! and The Ernie Kovacs Show, as well as a rare color kinescope of the complete 30-minute 1957 NBC color broadcast featuring \"Eugene\". On October 23, 2012, Shout! Factory released The Ernie Kovacs Collection: Volume 2 on DVD.\n\nIn 1961, Kovacs recorded a record album of poetry in the character of Percy Dovetonsils named Percy Dovetonsils Thpeakth, but was unable to release it due to contractual obligations with other record companies. After he was given the masters, Kovacs donated them to a Los Angeles area hospital. Adams was able to re-acquire the tapes in 1967, and they remained part of her private collection until her death in 2008. The tapes were labeled as movie material and were thought to be such until further examination proved they were Kovacs as Percy reading his poems with no music background. The album was finally released in 2012.\n\nKovacs was inducted posthumously into the Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia's Hall of Fame in 1992.\n\nPartial filmography\n Operation Mad Ball (1957) (with Jack Lemmon) as Capt. Paul Lock\n Bell, Book and Candle (1958) (with James Stewart, Kim Novak, and Jack Lemmon as Sidney Redlitch\n It Happened to Jane (1959) (with Doris Day and Jack Lemmon) as Harry Foster Malone\n Our Man in Havana (1959) (with Alec Guinness and Noël Coward) as Capt. Segura\n Wake Me When It's Over (1960) (with Dick Shawn) as Capt. Charlie Stark\n Strangers When We Meet (1960) (with Kirk Douglas and Kim Novak) as Roger Altar\n North to Alaska (1960) (with John Wayne) as Frankie Canon\n Pepe (1960) (with Cantinflas) as Immigration Inspector\n Five Golden Hours (1961) (with Cyd Charisse and George Sanders) as Aldo Bondi\n Sail a Crooked Ship (1961, with Robert Wagner) as Bugsy G. Foglemeyer aka The Captain\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n\n via Project MUSE\n\nFurther reading\n Adams, Edie (1990). Sing a Pretty Song: The \"Offbeat\" Life of Edie Adams, Including the Ernie Kovacs Years. William Morrow; \n Barker, David Brian (1982). \"Every Moment's a Gift\": Ernie Kovacs in Hollywood, 1957–1962, a Master's Thesis. Available for viewing at the library at the University of Texas at Austin \n Rico, Diana (1990). Kovacsland: A Biography of Ernie Kovacs. Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich; \n Walley, David (1975). Nothing in Moderation. Drake Publishers; Reprinted as The Ernie Kovacs Phile by David Walley, Bolder Books, 1978 and Fireside/Simon & Schuster, 1987;\n\nExternal links\n\n The Official Ernie Kovacs Website\n \n Ernie Kovacs Dot Net: A Tribute To Television's Original Genius\n \n Kovacsland Online! – the Ernie Kovacs website\n List of Kovacs' 16 articles for MAD magazine\n\nWatch\n The Jack Benny Program with Ernie Kovacs as guest at the Internet Archive\n Operation Mad Ball Trailer (1957) at the Internet Archive\n John Barbour's documentary Ernie Kovacs: Television's Original Genius at John Barbour's World\n Ernie Kovacs Dutch Masters Cigar Commercial\n\n1919 births\n1962 deaths\n20th-century American male actors\nAmerican people of Hungarian descent\nAmerican comedy writers\nAmerican game show hosts\nAmerican male film actors\nAmerican male television actors\nAmerican humorists\nAmerican satirists\nAmerican comics writers\nAmerican television talk show hosts\nBurials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)\nEmmy Award winners\nMad (magazine) people\nMale actors from New Jersey\nActors from Trenton, New Jersey\nRoad incident deaths in California\nTrenton Central High School alumni\nWriters from Trenton, New Jersey\nAmerican male comedy actors\n20th-century American comedians", "Take a Good Look is an American television game show created by and starring Ernie Kovacs, which aired from 1959 to 1961 on ABC's Thursday-night block at 10:30 PM Eastern Time.\n\nSeason 1 consisted of 39 episodes, from October 22, 1959, to July 21, 1960. Season 2 was far shorter, airing just 14 episodes between October 27, 1960, and February 9, 1961. Twenty episodes were repackaged for syndication in September 1978. In October 2017, all 49 surviving episodes were made available on a DVD set released by Shout Factory.\n\nBackground\nFirst appearing on television in 1951, Kovacs was an extremely prolific producer of television comedy throughout the 1950s. As a result of the critical success of his 1957 NBC special Silent Show, Ernie came to Hollywood in 1958, where he had a film contract with Columbia Pictures to write and consult on screenplays – but no television series of his own. At that time, sponsors did not buy commercial time on a television shows as a commodity; rather, a sponsor would produce a television program in its entirety and present it to a network for broadcast. While visiting a Hollywood movie set, Kovacs happened to meet a cigar company executive who was impressed that Kovacs continually smoked a cigar. Ernie was impressed that this corporate executive was carrying a book on Bertold Brecht.\n\nAs a result of this chance meeting, a business deal ensued in which Consolidated Cigar/Dutch Masters became the sole sponsor of Ernie's newest idea for a television series. In the show itself, Ernie performed in many Dutch Masters commercials, usually presented as yet another type of \"blackout gag\" shown during the show and themselves unique due to being done completely in pantomime and directed by Kovacs himself. The Congress of TV Editorial Writers was impressed enough with the silent commercials to award Kovacs with their Madison Avenue Award in 1960.\n\nFormat\n\nTake A Good Look was a parody of the Goodson-Todman panel game shows of the era, To Tell the Truth, I've Got a Secret, and What's My Line?. Kovacs, who appeared on What's My Line? ten times as a guest panelist (July–November 1957) and twice as the show's Mystery Guest (September 6, 1956 and September 7, 1957), produced and hosted a format similar to those shows: a panel of celebrities attempted to guess a secret about a seemingly ordinary person brought onstage.\n\nIn early episodes, the clues were presented by way of props and short video clips that had no cast, but eventually the show switched to using films of short comedy blackout gags starring Kovacs and a regular cast of Peggy Connelly, Jolene Brand, and Bobby Lauher. The clips pertained only vaguely to the person about whom guesses were being made. For example, for a woman whose secret was that she was a harness track jockey, Kovacs would show a short skit about two competing chariot racers trying to sabotage each other during a race. Another example was for a champion bubble blower, Kovacs showed a skit regarding a model train set for a movie scene; the sole hint was the sound a train makes, \"choo-choo\", and the extreme vagueness of this clue suggests that the skits were meant to be recycled.\n\nSome of the people who were the focus of the guessing game were ordinary people who had experienced an extraordinary event, recently been in the news, or enjoyed a distinction of some kind. A panelist would be awarded one point if they guessed the person's identity/secret. At the end of the show, prizes would be awarded to the home viewer represented by the panelist with the most points.\n\nPanelists\nAppearing regularly throughout the run were Edie Adams, Cesar Romero, Hans Conried, and Ben Alexander. Carl Reiner only appeared regularly in Season 2.\n\nAmong the less frequent panelists of Season 1 were Zsa Zsa Gabor, Jane Wyatt, Mort Sahl, Jack Carson, Tony Randall, Janet Leigh, and Jim Backus. No infrequent panelists appeared in Season 2.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1959 American television series debuts\n1961 American television series endings\n1950s American comedy game shows\n1960s American comedy game shows\nAmerican Broadcasting Company original programming\nBlack-and-white American television shows" ]

[ "Ernie Kovacs", "Early life and career", "Where was Ernie Kovacs born?", "Kovacs's father Andrew emigrated from Hungary at age 13.", "What was interesting about Ernie's childhood?", "Though a poor student, Kovacs was influenced by his Trenton Central High School drama teacher, Harold Van Kirk, and received an acting scholarship to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts", "What did Kovacs do while at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts?", "When Kovacs began drama school, all he could afford was a fifth floor walk-up apartment on West 74th Street in New York City.", "Was he successful after graduation from the drama school?", "Kovacs used his class vacation time to pursue roles in summer stock companies. While working in Vermont during 1939, he became so seriously ill with pneumonia", "What happened to Kovacs after he was ill?", "During the next year and a half, his comedic talents developed as he entertained both doctors and patients with his antics during stays at several hospitals.", "What success did he find as a result of his antics?", "While hospitalized, Kovacs developed a lifelong love of classical music by the gift of a radio, which he kept tuned to WQXR. By the time he was released, his parents", "What did his parents do after he was hospitalized?", "his parents had separated, and Kovacs went back to Trenton, living with his mother in a two-room apartment over a store. He began work", "Where did Kovacs work?", "He began work as a cigar salesman, which resulted in a lifelong cigar-smoking habit.", "What did Kovacs do after his job as a cigar salesman?", "Kovacs's first paid entertainment work was during 1941, as an announcer for Trenton's radio station WTTM. He spent the next nine years with WTTM," ]

[ "WTTM (1680 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Latin music and Spanish-language talk format to the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The station has its studios and offices in Philadelphia and its transmitter site in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. The station is owned by Multicultural Radio Broadcasting, Inc and licensed to Multicultural Radio Broadcasting Licensee, LLC.\n\nHistory\nWTTM originated as the expanded band \"twin\" of an existing station on the standard AM band.\n\nOn March 17, 1997 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced that 88 stations had been given permission to move to newly available \"Expanded Band\" transmitting frequencies, ranging from 1610 to 1700 kHz, with WHWH in Princeton, New Jersey authorized to move from 1350 to 1680 kHz. A construction permit for the expanded band station was assigned the call letters WAXK on March 6, 1998, although the call sign was changed to WTTM twenty days later, adopting call letters that had just been removed from its longtime home on 920 AM in Trenton, New Jersey.\n\nThe FCC's initial policy was that both the original station and its expanded band counterpart could operate simultaneously for up to five years, after which owners would have to turn in one of the two licenses, depending on whether they preferred the new assignment or elected to remain on the original frequency. As a result WHWH went off the air on Friday, April 7, 2006 at midnight. However, WHWH was allowed to return to the air in May 2007 after the FCC relaxed the rule, and both stations have remained authorized. One restriction is that the FCC has generally required paired original and expanded band stations to remain under common ownership.\n\nThe new WTTM reached the air in 1999 with a sports format, mostly broadcasting programming from ESPN Radio. In 2002 the station was sold from Nassau Broadcasting to Multicultural Radio Broadcasting Inc. MRBI leased the station to EBC Radio to program the station with a South Asian Indian format. The lease arrangement ended in 2005 and shortly thereafter the station's city of license was relocated from Princeton to Lindenwold, moving it into the Philadelphia radio market.\n\nWTTM began carrying ESPN Deportes Radio during the nighttime hours on April 1, 2019; the network's programming was provided to the station by Spanish Sports Productions, who also produces WTTM's Spanish-language Philadelphia Phillies and Eagles broadcasts. The launch came two months before ESPN announced on June 11, 2019 that ESPN Deportes Radio would cease operations on September 8. After ESPN Deportes Radio was discontinued on September 8, 2019, the station became an affiliate of TUDN Radio.\n\nFormer logos\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nTTM\nTTM\nCamden County, New Jersey\nRadio stations established in 1999\nMulticultural Broadcasting stations\n1999 establishments in New Jersey", "WPST (94.5 FM, \"94-5 PST\") is a commercial FM radio station licensed to serve Trenton, New Jersey. The station airs a Top 40/CHR radio format and is owned by Townsquare Media.\n\nStudios and offices are on Alexander Road in Princeton, New Jersey. Its broadcast tower is located west of Morrisville, Pennsylvania at (). The station's service contour covers Central Jersey, Philadelphia and its northern and eastern suburbs.\n\nHistory\nOn August 7, 1965, 94.5 signed on as WTTM-FM. It was owned by the Scott Broadcasting Company, Inc. of New Jersey and was the adjunct to WTTM (920 AM). On February 1, 1969, WTTM-FM became WCHR, a religious station; in 1974, it was approved to increase its effective radiated power to 50,000 watts.\n\nThe Scott family sold WTTM and WCHR in 1996 for $20 million to Nassau Broadcasting Partners. The sale prompted immediate speculation that a format change was in the offing for WCHR. That November, WCHR's religious programming began being simulcast on 920 AM. On February 27, 1998, the 94.5 frequency began stunting with construction sound effects.\n\nOn March 2, 1998, at 5:00 p.m., 94.5 relaunched as \"New Jersey's Oldies Station\", with new WNJO call letters. The station's format of primary 1960s oldies was selected so as to avoid cannibalizing Nassau's other Trenton station, WPST (97.5 FM). The first request on the new WNJO was made by Governor Christine Whitman, who attended the launch.\n\nWNJO brought in morning personality Don Kellogg Who was a ratings winner, but facing competition from WKXW which was moving in a 1970s direction, and inspired by the revenue success of a similar flip at Nassau's station in Allentown, Pennsylvania, WNJO became classic hits \"The Hawk\" on December 1, 2001 and adopted WTHK call letters on August 1, 2002.\n\nWPST's contemporary hit radio format moved from 97.5 to 94.5 on February 14, 2005 at 5pm. At the same time, WTHK's programming moved to 97.5, which had been approved to move its community of license to Burlington, New Jersey, closer to Philadelphia. The new WPST at 94.5 cut into the audience for Philadelphia's hot adult contemporary 95.7 WMWX, which became adult hits two months later and the following year switched its call letters to WBEN-FM.\n\nThe station, along with nine other Nassau stations in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, was purchased at bankruptcy auction by NB Broadcasting in May 2012. NB Broadcasting is controlled by Nassau's creditors — Goldman Sachs, Pluss Enterprises, and P.E. Capital. In November, NB Broadcasting filed a motion to assign its rights to the stations to Connoisseur Media. The sale to Connoisseur Media, at a price of $38.7 million, was consummated on May 29, 2013.\n\nOn March 22, 2018, it was announced that the station had been sold by Connoisseur Media to Townsquare Media (along with WNJE and WCHR) for a deal totaling $17.3 million. The acquisition was finalized on July 2, 2018.\n\nSignal note\nWPST is short-spaced to two other Class B stations: WXBK 94.7 The Block (licensed to serve Newark, New Jersey) and WDAC (licensed to serve Lancaster, Pennsylvania). They are also short spaced due to WJLK on 94.3 in Asbury Park, NJ\n\nWPST and WXBK operate on first adjacent channels (94.5 MHz and 94.7 MHz) and the distance between the stations' transmitters is 59 miles as determined by FCC rules. The minimum distance between two Class B stations operating on first adjacent channels according to current FCC rules is 105 miles.\n\nWPST and WDAC operate on the same channel and the distance between the stations' transmitters is 76 miles as determined by FCC rules. The minimum distance between two Class B stations operating on the same channel according to current FCC rules is 150 miles.\n\nSee also\nWPEN (FM)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nPST\nTrenton, New Jersey\nRadio stations established in 1965\nContemporary hit radio stations in the United States\nTownsquare Media radio stations" ]

[ "Fazlur Rahman Khan", "Tube structural systems" ]

[ "In structural engineering, the tube is a system where, to resist lateral loads (wind, seismic, impact), a building is designed to act like a hollow cylinder, cantilevered perpendicular to the ground. This system was introduced by Fazlur Rahman Khan while at the architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), in their Chicago office. The first example of the tube's use is the 43-story Khan-designed DeWitt-Chestnut Apartment Building, since renamed Plaza on DeWitt, in Chicago, Illinois, finished in 1966.\n\nThe system can be built using steel, concrete, or composite construction (the discrete use of both steel and concrete). It can be used for office, apartment, and mixed-use buildings. Most buildings of over 40 stories built since the 1960s are of this structural type.\n\nConcept\nThe tube system concept is based on the idea that a building can be designed to resist lateral loads by designing it as a hollow cantilever perpendicular to the ground. In the simplest incarnation of the tube, the perimeter of the exterior consists of closely spaced columns that are tied together with deep spandrel beams through moment connections. This assembly of columns and beams forms a rigid frame that amounts to a dense and strong structural wall along the exterior of the building.\n\nThis exterior framing is designed sufficiently strong to resist all lateral loads on the building, thereby allowing the interior of the building to be simply framed for gravity loads. Interior columns are comparatively few and located at the core. The distance between the exterior and the core frames is spanned with beams or trusses and can be column-free. This maximizes the effectiveness of the perimeter tube by transferring some of the gravity loads within the structure to it, and increases its ability to resist overturning via lateral loads.\n\nHistory\nBy 1963, a new structural system of framed tubes had appeared in skyscraper design and construction. Fazlur Rahman Khan, a structural engineer from Bangladesh (then called East Pakistan) who worked at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, defined the framed tube structure as \"a three dimensional space structure composed of three, four, or possibly more frames, braced frames, or shear walls, joined at or near their edges to form a vertical tube-like structural system capable of resisting lateral forces in any direction by cantilevering from the foundation.\" Closely spaced interconnected exterior columns form the tube. Lateral or horizontal loads (wind, seismic, impact) are supported by the structure as a whole. About half the exterior surface is available for windows. Framed tubes require fewer interior columns, and so allow more usable floor space. Where larger openings like garage doors are needed, the tube frame must be interrupted, with transfer girders used to maintain structural integrity.\n\nKhan's tube concept was inspired by his hometown in Dhaka, Bangladesh. His hometown did not have any buildings taller than three stories. He also did not see his first skyscraper in person until the age of 21 years old, and he had not stepped inside a mid-rise building until he moved to the United States for graduate school. Despite this, the environment of his hometown in Dhaka later influenced his tube building concept, which was inspired by the bamboo that sprouted around Dhaka. He found that a hollow tube, like the bamboo in Dhaka, lent a high-rise vertical durability.\n\nThe first building to apply the tube-frame construction was the DeWitt-Chestnut Apartment Building which Khan designed and which was finished in Chicago by 1963. This laid the foundations for the tube structural design of many later skyscrapers, including his own John Hancock Center and Willis Tower, and the construction of the World Trade Center, the Petronas Towers, the Jin Mao Building, and most other tall skyscrapers since the 1960s, including the world's tallest building , the Burj Khalifa.\n\nVariants\nFrom its conception, the tube has been varied to suit different structural needs.\n\nFramed\n\nThis is the simplest incarnation of the tube. It can appear in a variety of floor plan shapes, including square, rectangular, circular, and freeform. This design was first used in Chicago's DeWitt-Chestnut Apartment Building, designed by Khan and finished in 1965, but the most notable examples are the Aon Center and the original World Trade Center towers.\n\nTrussed or braced\nThe trussed tube, also termed braced tube, is similar to the simple tube but with comparatively fewer and farther-spaced exterior columns. Steel bracings or concrete shear walls are introduced along the exterior walls to compensate for the fewer columns by tying them together. The most notable examples incorporating steel bracing are the John Hancock Center, the Citigroup Center, and the Bank of China Tower.\n\nHull and core\nThese structures have a core tube inside the structure, holding the elevator and other services, and another tube around the exterior. Most of the gravity and lateral loads are normally taken by the outer tube because of its greater strength. The 780 Third Avenue 50-story concrete frame office building in Manhattan uses concrete shear walls for bracing and an off-center core to allow column-free interiors.\n\nBundled\n\nInstead of one tube, a building consists of several tubes tied together to resist lateral forces. Such buildings have interior columns along the perimeters of the tubes when they fall within the building envelope. Notable examples include Willis Tower, One Magnificent Mile, and the Newport Tower.\n\nBeside being efficient structurally and economically, the bundled tube was \"innovative in its potential for versatile formulation of architectural space. Efficient towers no longer had to be box-like; the tube-units could take on various shapes and could be bundled together in different sorts of groupings.\" The bundled tube structure meant that \"[buildings] could become sculpture.\"\n\nHybrid \nHybrids include a varied category of structures where the basic concept of tube is used, and supplemented by other structural support(s). This method is used where a building is so thin that one system cannot provide adequate strength or stiffness.\n\nConcrete\nThe last major buildings engineered by Khan were the One Magnificent Mile and Onterie Center in Chicago, which employed his bundled tube and trussed tube system designs respectively. In contrast to his earlier buildings, which were mainly steel, his last two buildings were concrete. His earlier DeWitt-Chestnut Apartments building, built in 1963 in Chicago, was also a concrete building with a tube structure. Trump Tower in New York City is also another example that adapted this system.\n\nLattice towers\nSome lattice towers have steel tube elements, like the guyed Warsaw Radio Mast or free-standing 3803 KM towers.\n\nDiagram\n\nReferences\n\nStructural system\nBangladeshi inventions\nPakistani inventions", "The Cook County Administration Building (formerly known as the Brunswick Building) is a skyscraper located at 69 West Washington Street in Chicago, Illinois. The building, constructed between the years 1962 and 1964, is 475 ft (144.8 m) tall, and contains 35 floors. It has a concrete structure. The building, engineered by Fazlur Khan of the firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, is notable for innovating the tube-within-a-tube structural system.\n\nOriginally a corporate office building, the tower was later acquired by the Cook County government, and now holds government offices and courtrooms.\n\nDesign and construction\nThe building, was constructed between the years 1962 and 1964, and utilizes a concrete structure. At the time of its construction, it was Chicago's tallest concrete office building. The building is designed with an exposed structure, and adheres to the modernist architecture style. The building utilizes a deep foundation system.\n\nFor this building, engineer Fazlur Khan of the firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill adapted the tube system he had innovated with the design of The Plaza on DeWitt by creating a tube-within-a-tube, with both the building's core and its perimeter being hollow and rigid tubes that support the tower, allowing for column-free interior space.\n\nAt its lower portion, the façade of the tower juts back slightly in a curve.\n\nThe building is connected to the Chicago Pedway system, with the Pedway featuring retail spaces in the area where it passes beneath the tower. An underground Chicago Pedway passage connects the building to the Richard J. Daley Center across the street.\n\nThe building has a small plaza, featuring an untitled sculpture by Joan Miró.\n\nFire\nThe Cook County Administration Building saw a structural fire occur on the 12th floor of the building on October 17, 2003.\n\nThe fire was started in a supply room by a faulty light fixture and resulted in the deaths of six people. The City of Chicago, in addition to several other defendants, paid $100 million to the families of the six victims after litigation, citing multiple failures.\n\nReferences\n\nGovernment of Cook County, Illinois\nSkyscraper office buildings in Chicago\n1964 establishments in Illinois" ]

[ "Fazlur Rahman Khan", "Tube structural systems", "What was the tube structural system?", "His \"tube concept\", using all the exterior wall perimeter structure of a building to simulate a thin-walled tube, revolutionized tall building design." ]

[ "The 1999 Southern Brazil blackout was a widespread power outage (the largest ever at the time) that occurred in Brazil on March 11 to June 22, 1999. \n\nThe blackout involved São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul, affecting an estimated 75 to 97 million people. A chain reaction was started when a lightning strike occurred at 22h 16m at an electricity substation in Bauru, São Paulo State causing most of the 440kV circuits at the substation to trip. Brazil was undergoing a severe investment crisis during 1999, which limited spending on maintenance and expansion of the power grid. With few routes for the power to flow from the generating stations via the 440kV system (a very important system to São Paulo state, carrying electricity generated by the Paraná river) a lot of generators automatically shut down because they did not have any load. The world's biggest power plant at the time, Itaipu, tried to support the load that was no longer being supplied by the 440kV power plants, but the 750kV AC lines and the 600kV DC lines that connected the plant to the rest of the system could not take the load and tripped too.\n\nSouth of São Paulo the consumers experienced an overfrequency, caused because they had more generation than load, mostly because Itaipu was now connected only to this sub-system, but that problem was automatically solved by all generators in the area, that reduced their loads.\n\nThe rest of the system experienced a much bigger problem, an underfrequency, since the system had a lot of load and not enough generation capacity. Some generators tripped because of the overfrequency, which aggravated the problem, and after an automatic rejection of 35% of the sub-system load the underfrequency did not go away. This caused the system to break in many pieces, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states were split with a few areas remaining online. Most of the Minas Gerais system remained online, and powered Brazil's capital, Brasília, as well as the state of Goias and some of Espirito Santo.\n\nIn Rio, the military police placed 1,200 men in the streets to avoid looting. In São Paulo, traffic authorities announced they closed the city's tunnels to prevent robberies. More than 60,000 people were on Rio's subway when lights went out.\n\nAt midnight, power began returning to some areas.\n\nSee also\n List of major power outages\n Energy policy of Brazil\n\nReferences\n\nBrazil, 1999\nDisasters in Brazil\nSouthern Brazil blackout\nMarch 1999 events in South America", "This One's for You is the sixth album by R&B crooner Teddy Pendergrass. It was released just after a bad car accident Pendergrass was involved in, which left him paralyzed from the waist down due to a spinal cord injury. The album did not do as well as his previous albums did on the Billboard 200, peaking at only #59, but it did do well on the R&B album chart, reaching #6. Only one single was released, \"I Can't Win for Losing\", which peaked at only #32 on the R&B charts.\n\nTrack listing\n \"I Can't Win for Losing\" 4:16 (Victor Carstarphen, Gene McFadden, John Whitehead)\n \"This One's for You\" 6:18 (Barry Manilow, Marty Panzer)\n \"Loving You Was Good\" 3:35 (LeRoy Bell, Casey James)\n \"This Gift of Life\" 4:27 (Kenny Gamble, Leon Huff)\n \"Now Tell Me That You Love Me\" 5:15 (Gamble, Huff)\n \"It's Up to You (What You Do With Your Life)\" 5:37 (Gamble, Huff)\n \"Don't Leave Me out Along the Road\" 3:34 (Richard Roebuck)\n \"Only to You\" 3:53 (Nickolas Ashford, Valerie Simpson)\n\nReferences\n\n1982 albums\nTeddy Pendergrass albums\nAlbums produced by Kenneth Gamble\nAlbums produced by Leon Huff\nAlbums produced by Thom Bell\nAlbums produced by Ashford & Simpson\nAlbums arranged by Bobby Martin\nAlbums recorded at Sigma Sound Studios\nPhiladelphia International Records albums" ]

[ "Fazlur Rahman Khan", "Tube structural systems", "What was the tube structural system?", "His \"tube concept\", using all the exterior wall perimeter structure of a building to simulate a thin-walled tube, revolutionized tall building design.", "Did this system do well?", "Most buildings over 40 stories constructed since the 1960s now use a tube design derived from Khan's structural engineering principles." ]

[ "In computer architecture, shared graphics memory refers to a design where the graphics chip does not have its own dedicated memory, and instead shares the main system RAM with the CPU and other components. \n\nThis design is used with many integrated graphics solutions to reduce the cost and complexity of the motherboard design, as no additional memory chips are required on the board. There is usually some mechanism (via the BIOS or a jumper setting) to select the amount of system memory to use for graphics, which means that the graphics system can be tailored to only use as much RAM as is actually required, leaving the rest free for applications. A side effect of this is that when some RAM is allocated for graphics, it becomes effectively unavailable for anything else, so an example computer with 512 MiB RAM set up with 64 MiB graphics RAM will appear to the operating system and user to only have 448 MiB RAM installed.\n\nThe disadvantage of this design is lower performance because system RAM usually runs slower than dedicated graphics RAM, and there is more contention as the memory bus has to be shared with the rest of the system. It may also cause performance issues with the rest of the system if it is not designed with the fact in mind that some RAM will be 'taken away' by graphics. \n\nA similar approach that gave similar results is the boost up of graphics used in some SGi computers, most notably the O2/O2+. The memory in these machines is simply one fast pool (2.1 GB per second in 1996) shared between system and graphics. Sharing is performed on demand, including pointer redirection communication between main system and graphics subsystem. This is called Unified Memory Architecture (UMA).\n\nHistory \nMost early personal computers used a shared memory design with graphics hardware sharing memory with the CPU. Such designs saved money as a single bank of DRAM could be used for both display and program. Examples of this include the Apple II computer, the Commodore 64, the Radio Shack Color Computer, the Atari ST, and the Apple Macintosh.\n\nA notable exception was the IBM PC. Graphics display was facilitated by the use of an expansion card with its own memory plugged into an ISA slot. \n\nThe first IBM PC to use the SMA was the IBM PCjr, released in 1984. Video memory was shared with the first 128KiB of RAM. The exact size of the video memory could be reconfigured by software to meet the needs of the current program.\n\nAn early hybrid system was the Commodore Amiga which could run as a shared memory system, but would load executable code preferentially into non-shared \"fast RAM\" if it was available.\n\nSee also \n IBM PCjr\n Video memory\n Shared memory, in general, other than graphics\n\nExternal links \n PC Magazine Definition for SMA\n IBM PCjr information\n\nMemory management\n\nro:Arhitectură cu memorie partajată\nru:SMA", "Eugen Guido Lammer (1863–1945) was a mountaineer of Austrian origin. Along with August Lorria, he was one of the pioneers of climbing routes without help provided from professional guides. In 1887 he attempted to climb the route Penhall in Matterhorn on the Western side, but was swept away from an avalanche. Lammer, being injured, he had to crawl from Stokje to Stafel Alp to ask aid for his seriously injured comrade. Lammer and others were opposed to the traditional way of mountaineering. He never used mountain guides, artificial equipment or anything else that intervened between the mountaineer and the mountain.\n\nReferences\n\n1863 births\n1945 deaths\nAustrian mountain climbers\nAustrian male writers" ]

[ "Fazlur Rahman Khan", "Tube structural systems", "What was the tube structural system?", "His \"tube concept\", using all the exterior wall perimeter structure of a building to simulate a thin-walled tube, revolutionized tall building design.", "Did this system do well?", "Most buildings over 40 stories constructed since the 1960s now use a tube design derived from Khan's structural engineering principles.", "Was this system used for anything else?", "Tubular systems allow greater interior space and further enable buildings to take on various shapes, offering added freedom to architects." ]

[ "\"How Interesting: A Tiny Man\" is a 2010 science fiction/magical realism short story by American writer Harlan Ellison. It was first published in Realms of Fantasy.\n\nPlot summary\nA scientist creates a tiny man. The tiny man is initially very popular, but then draws the hatred of the world, and so the tiny man must flee, together with the scientist (who is now likewise hated, for having created the tiny man).\n\nReception\n\"How Interesting: A Tiny Man\" won the 2010 Nebula Award for Best Short Story, tied with Kij Johnson's \"Ponies\". It was Ellison's final Nebula nomination and win, of his record-setting eight nominations and three wins.\n\nTor.com calls the story \"deceptively simple\", with \"execution (that) is flawless\" and a \"Geppetto-like\" narrator, while Publishers Weekly describes it as \"memorably depict(ing) humanity's smallness of spirit\". The SF Site, however, felt it was \"contrived and less than profound\".\n\nNick Mamatas compared \"How Interesting: A Tiny Man\" negatively to Ellison's other Nebula-winning short stories, and stated that the story's two mutually exclusive endings (in one, the tiny man is killed; in the other, he becomes God) are evocative of the process of writing short stories. Ben Peek considered it to be \"more allegory than (...) anything else\", and interpreted it as being about how the media \"give(s) everyone a voice\", and also about how Ellison was treated by science fiction fandom.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nAudio version of ''How Interesting: A Tiny Man, at StarShipSofa\nHow Interesting: A Tiny Man, at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database\n\nNebula Award for Best Short Story-winning works\nShort stories by Harlan Ellison", "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region" ]

[ "Fazlur Rahman Khan", "Tube structural systems", "What was the tube structural system?", "His \"tube concept\", using all the exterior wall perimeter structure of a building to simulate a thin-walled tube, revolutionized tall building design.", "Did this system do well?", "Most buildings over 40 stories constructed since the 1960s now use a tube design derived from Khan's structural engineering principles.", "Was this system used for anything else?", "Tubular systems allow greater interior space and further enable buildings to take on various shapes, offering added freedom to architects.", "Was there anything else interesting about the article?", "Another important feature of the tubular systems is that buildings can be constructed using steel or reinforced concrete, or a composite of the two, to reach greater heights." ]

[ "\"Tell Me What You Want\" is the fourth single by English R&B band Loose Ends from their first studio album, A Little Spice, and was released in February 1984 by Virgin Records. The single reached number 74 in the UK Singles Chart.\n\nTrack listing\n7” Single: VS658\n \"Tell Me What You Want) 3.35\n \"Tell Me What You Want (Dub Mix)\" 3.34\n\n12” Single: VS658-12\n \"Tell Me What You Want (Extended Version)\" 6.11\n \"Tell Me What You Want (Extended Dub Mix)\" 5.41\n\nU.S. only release - 12” Single: MCA23596 (released 1985)\n \"Tell Me What You Want (U.S. Extended Remix)\" 6.08 *\n \"Tell Me What You Want (U.S. Dub Version)\" 5.18\n\n* The U.S. Extended Remix version was released on CD on the U.S. Version of the 'A Little Spice' album (MCAD27141).\n\nThe Extended Version also featured on Side D of the limited gatefold sleeve version of 'Magic Touch'\n\nChart performance\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Tell Me What You Want at Discogs.\n\n1984 singles\nLoose Ends (band) songs\nSong recordings produced by Nick Martinelli\nSongs written by Carl McIntosh (musician)\nSongs written by Steve Nichol\n1984 songs\nVirgin Records singles", "Forever Young is Kaysha's album released 2009.\n\nTrack list\n\n Anti Bad Music Police\n Be With You\n Digital Sexyness\n Duro\n Fanta & Avocado\n Forever Young Intro\n Funky Makaku\n Glorious Beautiful\n Heaven\n Hey Girl\n I Give You the Music\n I Still Love You\n Joachim\n Kota Na Piste\n Les Belles Histoires D'amour\n Love You Need You\n Loving and Kissing\n Make More Dollars\n Nobody Else\n On Veut Juste Danser\n Once Again\n Outro\n Paradisio / Inferno\n Pour Toujours\n Pure\n Si Tu T'en Vas\n Simple Pleasures\n Tell Me What We Waiting For\n That African Shit\n The Sweetest Thing\n The Way You Move\n Toi Et Moi\n U My Bb\n Yes You Can\n You + Me\n You're My Baby Girl\n\n2009 albums" ]

[ "Fazlur Rahman Khan", "Tube structural systems", "What was the tube structural system?", "His \"tube concept\", using all the exterior wall perimeter structure of a building to simulate a thin-walled tube, revolutionized tall building design.", "Did this system do well?", "Most buildings over 40 stories constructed since the 1960s now use a tube design derived from Khan's structural engineering principles.", "Was this system used for anything else?", "Tubular systems allow greater interior space and further enable buildings to take on various shapes, offering added freedom to architects.", "Was there anything else interesting about the article?", "Another important feature of the tubular systems is that buildings can be constructed using steel or reinforced concrete, or a composite of the two, to reach greater heights.", "What else can you tell me about the tubular systems?", "They not only make the buildings structurally stronger and more efficient, but also significantly reduce the structural material requirements." ]

[ "Australian Antarctic Building System or AANBUS is a modular construction system used by the Australian Government Antarctica Division for buildings in Antarctica. The individual modules resemble shipping containers. Each module is approximately 3.6 metres by 6 metres by 4 metres high.\n\nBuildings built using the AANBUS modules are placed on concrete footings anchored into the ground and do not need external guy wires to anchor and support them. The modules are built of steel with attached insulation and vapor barriers.\n\nThe modular design provides improved shipping, speed of assembly in the short Antarctic summer and better testing before shipping. The ability to test the assembled modules allows corrections to be made in the convenience of construction sites in temperate climates with easy access to parts and equipment, rather than at remote Antarctic locations where shipping in of replacement parts is an arduous undertaking.\n\nFurther reading\n\nExternal links \nHistory of AANBUS\nCharacteristics of the Australian Antarctic Building System\n\nArchitecture of Australia\nAustralian Antarctic Territory\nTechnology related to buildings in Antarctica", "Postal codes in Singapore have consisted of six digits since 1995, replacing the four-digit system introduced in 1979. They are administered by Singapore Post.\n\n6-digit postal code\nThe 6-digit postal code is made up of the sector code and the delivery point. The sector is represented by the first two numbers of the postal code. The remaining four numbers define the delivery point within the sector. e.g.\n53 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 3\nSingapore 569933\n56 is the sector code; 9933 is the delivery point, i.e. house or building.\n\nFor Housing and Development Board (HDB) residential blocks, the block number is included in the postal code. e.g.\nBlk 145 Lorong 2 Toa Payoh\nSingapore 310145\nHDB residential blocks with the same number in the same postal sector are differentiated by their postal codes as follows:\nBlk 147 Simei Street 2\nSingapore 520147\n\nBlk 147 Tampines Avenue 5\nSingapore 521147\nSimilarly, for a HDB residential block sharing the same number as another block in the same postal sector, but have an added suffix behind are differentiated by their postal codes as follows:\nBlk 150 Bishan Street 11\nSingapore 570150\n\nBlk 150A Bishan Street 11 \nSingapore 571150\nThe postal codes for private residential, commercial and industrial houses and buildings are assigned based on the alphabetical sequence of the street names in each sector. This means that the codes for a particular postal sector have been assigned first to houses and buildings located along street names beginning with 'A', followed by 'B' and so on. The postal codes for such properties do not contain the corresponding house or building numbers included in the postal code. HDB industrial and commercial blocks also use this system.\n\nPostal districts\nThis table lists the postal districts:\n\nHistory \n\nSingapore was originally divided into 28 postal districts on 6 March 1950, with a number being allocated to each district. For example, the Orchard Road area was in District 9.\n277 Orchard Road\nSingapore 9\n\nThis was superseded by a new four-digit system on 1 July 1979, with the last two digits representing a sector in each district. There were in total 81 sectors.\n277 Orchard Road\nSingapore 0923\nOn 1 September 1995, this was replaced by a six-digit system, in which every building was given its unique postcode, the first two digits of which represented the old sector, i.e. 23.\n277 Orchard Road\nSingapore 238858\nAlthough the old districts are no longer used by Singapore Post, they are still widely used to refer to locations of properties for sale or rent.\n\nAddressing from overseas\nSingPost recommends the following format for addresses: \n\nGenerally, the last line SINGAPORE is omitted when posting within the country.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n SingPost\n\nSingapore\nPostal system of Singapore" ]

[ "Fazlur Rahman Khan", "Tube structural systems", "What was the tube structural system?", "His \"tube concept\", using all the exterior wall perimeter structure of a building to simulate a thin-walled tube, revolutionized tall building design.", "Did this system do well?", "Most buildings over 40 stories constructed since the 1960s now use a tube design derived from Khan's structural engineering principles.", "Was this system used for anything else?", "Tubular systems allow greater interior space and further enable buildings to take on various shapes, offering added freedom to architects.", "Was there anything else interesting about the article?", "Another important feature of the tubular systems is that buildings can be constructed using steel or reinforced concrete, or a composite of the two, to reach greater heights.", "What else can you tell me about the tubular systems?", "They not only make the buildings structurally stronger and more efficient, but also significantly reduce the structural material requirements.", "Do buildings last longer using this system?", "forces caused by earthquakes, etc. are important as well. The tubular designs resist such forces for tall buildings." ]

[ "This is a list of films with performances that have been nominated in all of the Academy Award acting categories.\n\nThe Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences annually bestows Academy Awards for acting performances in the following four categories: Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, and Best Supporting Actress.\n\nFilms \n\nAs of the 93rd Academy Awards (2020), there have been fifteen films containing at least one nominated performance in each of the four Academy Award acting categories. \n\nIn the following list, award winners are listed in bold with gold background; others listed are nominees who did not win. No film has ever won all four awards.\n\nSuperlatives \n\nNo film has won all four awards.\n\nTwo films won three awards: \n\n A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) \n Network (1976)\n\nFour films hold a total of five nominations, each with an additional nomination within one of the four categories:\n\n Mrs. Miniver (1942) – two nominations for Best Supporting Actress\n From Here to Eternity (1953) – two nominations for Best Actor\n Bonnie and Clyde (1968) – two nominations for Best Supporting Actor\n Network (1976) – two nominations for Best Actor\n\nThree of the nominated films failed to win any of the four awards: \n\n My Man Godfrey (1936) – also failed to win any other Academy Awards\n Sunset Boulevard (1950)\n American Hustle (2013) – also failed to win any other Academy Awards\n\nOnly two of the nominated films won Best Picture:\n\n Mrs. Miniver (1942)\n From Here to Eternity (1953)\n\nOnly one of the nominated films was not nominated for Best Picture:\n\n My Man Godfrey (1936)\n\nFive performers were nominated for their work in two different films that received nominations in all acting categories (winners in bold):\n\n William Holden (Sunset Boulevard, Network)\n Warren Beatty (Bonnie and Clyde, Reds)\n Faye Dunaway (Bonnie and Clyde, Network)\n Bradley Cooper (Silver Linings Playbook, American Hustle)\n Jennifer Lawrence (Silver Linings Playbook, American Hustle)\n\nOnly one director has directed two films that received nominations in all four categories:\n\n David O. Russell (Silver Linings Playbook, American Hustle)\n\nThe 40th Academy Awards (1967) was the only ceremony in which multiple films held at least one nomination in all four acting categories:\n\n Bonnie and Clyde\n Guess Who's Coming to Dinner\n\nAll of the films, except My Man Godfrey and For Whom the Bell Tolls, were also nominated for the \"Big Five\" categories (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress and Best Screenplay (Original or Adapted)).\n\nSee also \n\n List of Big Five Academy Award winners and nominees\n List of films with two or more Academy Awards in an acting category\n\nActing nom", "Lost is an American drama series that aired on ABC from September 22, 2004 until May 23, 2010. It was nominated for numerous awards, including 54 Primetime Emmy Awards (11 wins), 54 Saturn Awards (13 wins), 33 Teen Choice Awards, 17 TCA Awards (4 wins), 13 Golden Reel Awards (5 wins), 8 Satellite Awards (1 win), 7 Golden Globe Awards (1 win), 7 Writers Guild of America Awards (1 win), 6 Directors Guild of America Awards, 6 Producers Guild of America Awards (1 win), 4 People's Choice Awards, 2 BAFTA TV Awards, 2 NAACP Image Awards (1 win), and 2 Screen Actors Guild Awards (1 win). Amongst the wins for the series are the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series (1 win), Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama (1 win), Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series (1 win), Saturn Award for Best Network Television Series (5 wins), TCA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Drama (3 wins), and Peabody Award (1 win).\n\nThe series has an ensemble cast and several different Lost actors have received acting award nominations. Michael Emerson and Terry O'Quinn are the only actors to win Primetime Emmy Awards. Matthew Fox has been nominated for 19 individual awards (winning three), the most of any cast member; Evangeline Lilly is second with 16 and Emerson is third with 13 (winning two). \"Pilot\" is the most nominated episode of the series, receiving nominations from fifteen different associations; the episode won eight awards, including four Primetime Emmy Awards. The third season finale, \"Through the Looking Glass\", is the second most nominated episode with nine while \"The End\" received the most Primetime Emmy Award nominations with eight, winning one.\n\nEmmy Awards\n\nIn 2005, Lost was nominated for twelve Primetime Emmy Awards and won six, including Outstanding Drama Series, which was considered an unusual win since the Primetime Emmy Awards had rarely recognized science fiction or fantasy programs. It also won Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for co-creator J. J. Abrams (for his direction on the pilot episode), Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series, and three additional awards for the pilot episode. The following year, the series was nominated for nine awards, but failed to win any. Despite winning for Outstanding Drama Series the previous year, Lost was not nominated in 2006. This was referenced in host Conan O'Brien's opening segment at the 58th Primetime Emmy Awards; he lands on a beach and encounters Jorge Garcia. O'Brien jumps into a hatch and invites Garcia to come along to the ceremony, but Garcia tells him that they \"weren't exactly invited\", to which O'Brien responds by saying \"Really? But you won last year! Nothing makes sense anymore!\" In 2007, the series was nominated for six awards, but again failed to gain a nomination for Outstanding Drama Series. Additionally, Terry O'Quinn became the first Lost actor to win a Primetime Emmy Award, picking up the award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his performance as John Locke in \"The Man from Tallahassee\" (season 3, episode 13). In 2008, the series received eight nominations, including Outstanding Drama Series after being snubbed the two previous years; the season only won Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One-Hour) for \"Meet Kevin Johnson\" (season 4, episode 8). In 2009, the series received six nominations and won two; Michael Emerson became the second actor from Lost to win a Primetime Emmy Award, winning for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his performance as Ben Linus in \"Dead Is Dead\" (season 5, episode 12). The website DharmaWantsYou.com won a special award for Outstanding Creative Achievement in Interactive Media – Fiction. In 2010, the sixth and final season of Lost received thirteen nominations, including a fourth and final nomination for Outstanding Drama Series, which it lost to season 3 of Mad Men, as in the two previous years. The season only won Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series for the finale.\n\nPrimetime Emmy Awards\n\nCreative Arts Emmy Awards\n\nDirectors Guild of America Awards\n\nThe Directors Guild of America Awards are issued annually by the Directors Guild of America. Lost has been nominated six times for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Dramatic Series, but failed to win any.\n\nGolden Globe Awards\n\nLost was nominated for Best Television Series – Drama at the Hollywood Foreign Press Association's annual Golden Globe Awards three straight years in 2005, 2006 and 2007, winning in 2006. Naveen Andrews, Michael Emerson, Matthew Fox, and Evangeline Lilly have all received nominations for acting.\n\nGolden Reel Awards\nThe Golden Reel Awards are presented annually by the Motion Picture Sound Editors. Lost has been nominated in various categories thirteen times, winning five.\n\nSatellite Awards\nThe Satellite Awards, originally known as the Golden Satellite Awards, are annually given by the International Press Academy, which is commonly noted in entertainment industry journals and blogs. Lost has won one award, which went to Matthew Fox for Best Actor in a Series – Drama in 2005.\n\nSaturn Awards\n\nThe Saturn Awards are presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films, which honors science fiction, fantasy and horror in film, television, and home video. Lost has been nominated for 54 awards and has won 13, including five wins for Best Network Television Series (2005–2006, 2008–2010) and acting wins for Michael Emerson (2008), Matthew Fox (2006, 2008), Josh Holloway (2010), Elizabeth Mitchell (2008), and Terry O'Quinn (2005).\n\nTCA Awards\nThe TCA Awards are presented annually by the Television Critics Association in recognition of excellence in television. Lost has won four: Outstanding New Program in 2005 and Outstanding Achievement in Drama in 2005, 2006, and 2010.\n\nTeen Choice Awards\nThe Teen Choice Awards are voted on by teenagers. Lost has been nominated for 33 awards, but has never won a single award. Evangeline Lilly has been nominated for eight awards and Matthew Fox has been nominated for seven, while Jorge Garcia and Josh Holloway have each been nominated for four.\n\nWriters Guild of America Awards\n\nThe Writers Guild of America Awards are presented annually by the Writers Guild of America. Lost has been nominated four times for Dramatic Series, winning in 2006. The duos of Elizabeth Sarnoff & Christina M. Kim, Damon Lindelof & Drew Goddard, and Lindelof & Carlton Cuse have all received individual nominations.\n\nOther awards\nIn 2005, the series and its ensemble were named \"Entertainers of the Year\" by Entertainment Weekly. In 2008, cast members Yunjin Kim and Daniel Dae Kim placed seventeenth on the list of the \"25 Entertainers of the Year\". Lost has had success at various guild and society awards, having been nominated for awards at a dozen ceremonies and winning eight. In 2007, Jack Bender, Carlton Cuse and Damon Lindelof won the Golden Nymph Award for Best Drama Series at the Monte-Carlo Television Festival. On April 1, 2009, it was announced that Lost had won a Peabody Award for \"rewrit[ing] the rules of television fiction\".\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n \n\nLost (TV series)\nLost" ]

[ "Fazlur Rahman Khan", "Tube structural systems", "What was the tube structural system?", "His \"tube concept\", using all the exterior wall perimeter structure of a building to simulate a thin-walled tube, revolutionized tall building design.", "Did this system do well?", "Most buildings over 40 stories constructed since the 1960s now use a tube design derived from Khan's structural engineering principles.", "Was this system used for anything else?", "Tubular systems allow greater interior space and further enable buildings to take on various shapes, offering added freedom to architects.", "Was there anything else interesting about the article?", "Another important feature of the tubular systems is that buildings can be constructed using steel or reinforced concrete, or a composite of the two, to reach greater heights.", "What else can you tell me about the tubular systems?", "They not only make the buildings structurally stronger and more efficient, but also significantly reduce the structural material requirements.", "Do buildings last longer using this system?", "forces caused by earthquakes, etc. are important as well. The tubular designs resist such forces for tall buildings.", "Did he win any awards for this?", "I don't know." ]

[ "\"How Interesting: A Tiny Man\" is a 2010 science fiction/magical realism short story by American writer Harlan Ellison. It was first published in Realms of Fantasy.\n\nPlot summary\nA scientist creates a tiny man. The tiny man is initially very popular, but then draws the hatred of the world, and so the tiny man must flee, together with the scientist (who is now likewise hated, for having created the tiny man).\n\nReception\n\"How Interesting: A Tiny Man\" won the 2010 Nebula Award for Best Short Story, tied with Kij Johnson's \"Ponies\". It was Ellison's final Nebula nomination and win, of his record-setting eight nominations and three wins.\n\nTor.com calls the story \"deceptively simple\", with \"execution (that) is flawless\" and a \"Geppetto-like\" narrator, while Publishers Weekly describes it as \"memorably depict(ing) humanity's smallness of spirit\". The SF Site, however, felt it was \"contrived and less than profound\".\n\nNick Mamatas compared \"How Interesting: A Tiny Man\" negatively to Ellison's other Nebula-winning short stories, and stated that the story's two mutually exclusive endings (in one, the tiny man is killed; in the other, he becomes God) are evocative of the process of writing short stories. Ben Peek considered it to be \"more allegory than (...) anything else\", and interpreted it as being about how the media \"give(s) everyone a voice\", and also about how Ellison was treated by science fiction fandom.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nAudio version of ''How Interesting: A Tiny Man, at StarShipSofa\nHow Interesting: A Tiny Man, at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database\n\nNebula Award for Best Short Story-winning works\nShort stories by Harlan Ellison", "Äteritsiputeritsipuolilautatsijänkä is a bog region in Savukoski, Lapland in Finland. Its name is 35 letters long and is the longest place name in Finland, and also the third longest, if names with spaces or hyphens are included, in Europe. It has also been the longest official place name in the European Union since 31 January 2020, when Brexit was completed, as the record was previously held by Llanfair­pwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwll­llan­tysiliogogogoch, a village in Wales, United Kingdom.\n\nOverview\nA pub in Salla was named Äteritsiputeritsipuolilautatsi-baari after this bog region. According to an anecdote, the owner of the pub tried two different names for it, but both had already been taken. Frustrated, he registered the pub under a name he knew no one else would be using. The pub also had the longest name of a registered commercial establishment in Finland. The bar was in practice known as Äteritsi-baari. The pub was closed in April 2006.\n\nThe etymology is not known, although the name has been confirmed as genuine. Other than jänkä \"bog\", lauta \"board\" and puoli \"half\", it does not mean anything in Finnish, and was probably never intended to be anything else than alliterative gibberish.\n\nReferences \n\nSavukoski\nBogs of Finland\nLandforms of Lapland (Finland)" ]