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[ "Roberto Orci", "Becoming a producer", "When did Orci become a producer", "Orci's first credit solely as a producer came with the film Eagle Eye, where he worked once again alongside Kurtzman.", "Was it a success", "The director of the film, D. J. Caruso, praised the duo saying that \"What's unusually cool about them is that they have maintained the producer-writer power that" ]

[ "William Arntz is an American film director and producer, best known for directing What the Bleep Do We Know?\n\nFilmography\n 1980 – Producer, Writer, Director, Beat the Deva\n 2000 – Producer, Clouds (producer)\n 2004 – Producer, Writer, Director, What the Bleep Do We Know?\n 2006 – Producer, Writer, Director, What the Bleep! Down the Rabbit Hole (extended edition of What the Bleep for DVD release)\n 2010 – Producer, Writer, Director, GhettoPhysics: Will the Real Pimps and Hos Please Stand Up\n\nSources\n \n \n\nLiving people\nAmerican film directors\nAmerican film producers\nGerman-language film directors\nYear of birth missing (living people)", "\"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, Affection. It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan.\n\nIn 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Affection and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology. They were also featured on The Collection 1989–2003 box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales.\n\nCritical reception\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. Matthew Hocter from Albumism viewed it as a \"upbeat offering\". David Giles from Music Week said it is \"beautifully performed\" by Stansfield. A reviewer from Reading Eagle wrote that \"What Did I Do to You?\" \"would be right at home on the \"Saturday Night Fever\" soundtrack.\"\n\nMusic video\nA music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Philip Richardson, who had previously directed the videos for \"All Around the World\" and \"Live Together\". It features Stansfield with her kiss curls, dressed in a white outfit and performing with her band on a stage in front of a jumping audience. The video was later published on Stansfield's official YouTube channel in November 2009. It has amassed more than 1,6 million views as of October 2021.\n\nTrack listings\n\n European/UK 7\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK/Japanese CD single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n UK 10\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix) – 5:52\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK 12\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 4:22\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 3:19\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:15\n\n UK 12\" promotional single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Anti Poll Tax Dub) – 6:31\n\n Other remixes\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Red Zone Mix) – 7:45\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nLisa Stansfield songs\n1990 singles\nSongs written by Lisa Stansfield\n1989 songs\nArista Records singles\nSongs written by Ian Devaney\nSongs written by Andy Morris (musician)" ]

[ "Roberto Orci", "Becoming a producer", "When did Orci become a producer", "Orci's first credit solely as a producer came with the film Eagle Eye, where he worked once again alongside Kurtzman.", "Was it a success", "The director of the film, D. J. Caruso, praised the duo saying that \"What's unusually cool about them is that they have maintained the producer-writer power that", "what did the producer-power do", "Following their work on Eagle Eye, they were executive producers on the Sandra Bullock film, The Proposal." ]

[ "What A Summer (foal in 1973) was an American Thoroughbred Champion racehorse who defeated both male and female competitors. She was bred in Maryland by Milton Polinger. She was a gray out of the mare Summer Classic who was sired by Summer Tan. Her sire was What Luck, a multiple stakes winning son of U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Bold Ruler. What A Summer is probably best remembered for her win in the Grade II $65,000 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes over stakes winners Dearly Precious and Artfully on May 14, 1976.\n\nTwo-year-old season \n\nWhat A Summer was trained very early in her career by Hall of Fame conditioner Bud Delp while racing for her breeder, Milton Polinger. She was bought by Mrs. Bertram Firestone following Polinger's death in the early fall of 1976. That death delayed her the first start of her career until late in the year. Mrs. Firestone turned the mare over to trainer LeRoy Jolley. What A Summer did not start racing until near the end of her two-year-old season, when she broke her maiden at Philadelphia Park. Near the end of the year, she won an allowance race. She ended the year with two wins in four starts.\n\nThree-year-old season \nIn January, What A Summer placed second in her first stakes race, the $25,000 Heirloom Stakes at the old Liberty Bell Race Track in Philadelphia. Two months later, she won her second allowance race over winners and convinced her connections that she was ready to step up in class and take on stakes winners in the Grade II $65,000 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes. In that race, she withstood a fast closing challenge down the stretch to hold off a late charge by 4:5 favorite Dearly Precious in a final time of 1:42.40 for the mile and one sixteenth on the dirt track at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. Her jockey, Chris McCarron, was credited with a solid ride by conserving energy with moderate fractions in the middle portion of the race. Stakes winner Artfully held on for third in the field of ten three-year-old fillies. In December 1976, What A Summer won the $50,000 Anne Arundel Stakes at Laurel Park Racecourse, beating Turn the Guns and Avum in 1:38.20 for the mile under McCarron.\n\nFour-year-old season \n\nIn 1977, What A Summer won the $75,000 Fall Highweight Handicap twice, carrying the high weight of 134 pounds under jockey Jacinto Vásquez. The Fall Highweight is run in November of each year at Aqueduct Racetrack. In the 1977 race, she finished in a time of 1:09.4 and she broke the stakes record for six furlongs. That year, she also won the $40,000 Silver Spoon Handicap, the $50,000 Maskette Handicap and the $35,000 Distaff Handicap. She placed second in the grade one Beldame Stakes at Belmont Park and showed in both the $40,000 Grey Flight Handicap and the $25,000 Regret Stakes.\n\nFive-year-old season \n\nIn 1978 as a five-year-old, What A Summer repeated two of her victories from the year before in both the Fall Highweight Handicap, under Hall of Fame jockey Ángel Cordero Jr., and the $40,000 Silver Spoon Handicap. She also won the $40,000 First Flight Handicap. She placed second in the grade two Vosburgh Stakes, the grade three Vagrancy Handicap, the Sport Page Handicap, the Suwanee River Handicap and the Egret Handicap.\n\nHonors \n\nWhat A Summer was named Maryland-bred horse of the year in 1977 and twice was named champion older mare for the state of Maryland in both 1977 and 1978. She was retired in 1978 and as a broodmare she produced several graded stakes winners. After her retirement, Laurel Park Racecourse named a race in honor, the What A Summer Stakes. She was an Eclipse Award winner and was named American Champion Sprint Horse in 1977.\n\nWhat A Summer ended her career with a record of 18 wins out of 31 starts in her career. Her most memorable race was perhaps her dominating performance in the de facto second leg of the filly Triple Crown, the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes. In addition to her 18 wins, she placed nine times with earnings of $479,161. That record of 27 first or second finishes in 31 starts at 87% is among the best in history.\n\nReferences\n What A Summer's pedigree and partial racing stats\n\n1973 racehorse births\nRacehorses bred in Maryland\nRacehorses trained in the United States\nEclipse Award winners\nThoroughbred family 17-b", "Now What (foaled 1937, in Kentucky) was an American Thoroughbred Champion racehorse. Her dam was That's That, and her sire was the 1927 American Horse of the Year and two-time Leading sire in North America, Chance Play.\n\nBred by Guy and E. Paul Waggoner's Three D's Stock Farm of Fort Worth, Texas, Now What was raced by Alfred G. Vanderbilt II. Trained by Bud Stotler, she earned National Champion honors at age two after winning four important stakes races and running second in the Pimlico Nursery Stakes, and Juvenile Stakes. As a three-year-old, her best result in a top-level race was a second place finish in the Molly Brant Handicap at Saratoga Race Course. \n\nNow What served as a broodmare for Vanderbilt. Her most successful foal to race was Next Move, the 1950 American Champion Three-Year-Old Filly and the 1952 American Co-Champion Older Female Horse.\n\nPedigree\n\nReferences\n\n1937 racehorse births\nRacehorses bred in Kentucky\nRacehorses trained in the United States\nAmerican Champion racehorses\nVanderbilt family\nThoroughbred family 20\nGodolphin Arabian sire line" ]

[ "Roberto Orci", "Becoming a producer", "When did Orci become a producer", "Orci's first credit solely as a producer came with the film Eagle Eye, where he worked once again alongside Kurtzman.", "Was it a success", "The director of the film, D. J. Caruso, praised the duo saying that \"What's unusually cool about them is that they have maintained the producer-writer power that", "what did the producer-power do", "Following their work on Eagle Eye, they were executive producers on the Sandra Bullock film, The Proposal.", "What year was that", "I don't know." ]

[ "\"What Happened to Us\" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, featuring English recording artist Jay Sean. It was written by Sean, Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim and Israel Cruz. \"What Happened to Us\" was leaked online in October 2010, and was released on 10 March 2011, as the third single from Mauboy's second studio album, Get 'Em Girls (2010). The song received positive reviews from critics.\n\nA remix of \"What Happened to Us\" made by production team OFM, was released on 11 April 2011. A different version of the song which features Stan Walker, was released on 29 May 2011. \"What Happened to Us\" charted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number 14 and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). An accompanying music video was directed by Mark Alston, and reminisces on a former relationship between Mauboy and Sean.\n\nProduction and release\n\n\"What Happened to Us\" was written by Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz and Jay Sean. It was produced by Skaller, Cruz, Rohaim and Bobby Bass. The song uses C, D, and B minor chords in the chorus. \"What Happened to Us\" was sent to contemporary hit radio in Australia on 14 February 2011. The cover art for the song was revealed on 22 February on Mauboy's official Facebook page. A CD release was available for purchase via her official website on 10 March, for one week only. It was released digitally the following day.\n\nReception\nMajhid Heath from ABC Online Indigenous called the song a \"Jordin Sparks-esque duet\", and wrote that it \"has a nice innocence to it that rings true to the experience of losing a first love.\" Chris Urankar from Nine to Five wrote that it as a \"mid-tempo duet ballad\" which signifies Mauboy's strength as a global player. On 21 March 2011, \"What Happened to Us\" debuted at number 30 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and peaked at number 14 the following week. The song was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for selling 70,000 copies. \"What Happened to Us\" spent a total of ten weeks in the ARIA top fifty.\n\nMusic video\n\nBackground\nThe music video for the song was shot in the Elizabeth Bay House in Sydney on 26 November 2010. The video was shot during Sean's visit to Australia for the Summerbeatz tour. During an interview with The Daily Telegraph while on the set of the video, Sean said \"the song is sick! ... Jessica's voice is amazing and we're shooting [the video] in this ridiculously beautiful mansion overlooking the harbour.\" The video was directed by Mark Alston, who had previously directed the video for Mauboy's single \"Let Me Be Me\" (2009). It premiered on YouTube on 10 February 2011.\n\nSynopsis and reception\nThe video begins showing Mauboy who appears to be sitting on a yellow antique couch in a mansion, wearing a purple dress. As the video progresses, scenes of memories are displayed of Mauboy and her love interest, played by Sean, spending time there previously. It then cuts to the scenes where Sean appears in the main entrance room of the mansion. The final scene shows Mauboy outdoors in a gold dress, surrounded by green grass and trees. She is later joined by Sean who appears in a black suit and a white shirt, and together they sing the chorus of the song to each other. David Lim of Feed Limmy wrote that the video is \"easily the best thing our R&B princess has committed to film – ever\" and praised the \"mansion and wondrous interior décor\". He also commended Mauboy for choosing Australian talent to direct the video instead of American directors, which she had used for her previous two music videos. Since its release, the video has received over two million views on Vevo.\n\nLive performances\nMauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" live for the first time during her YouTube Live Sessions program on 4 December 2010. She also appeared on Adam Hills in Gordon Street Tonight on 23 February 2011 for an interview and later performed the song. On 15 March 2011, Mauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Sunrise. She also performed the song with Stan Walker during the Australian leg of Chris Brown's F.A.M.E. Tour in April 2011. Mauboy and Walker later performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Dancing with the Stars Australia on 29 May 2011. From November 2013 to February 2014, \"What Happened to Us\" was part of the set list of the To the End of the Earth Tour, Mauboy's second headlining tour of Australia, with Nathaniel Willemse singing Sean's part.\n\nTrack listing\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Just Witness Remix) – 3:45\n\nCD single\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Album Version) – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:39\n\nDigital download – Remix\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:38\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Stan Walker – 3:20\n\nPersonnel\nSongwriting – Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz, Jay Sean\nProduction – Jeremy Skaller, Bobby Bass\nAdditional production – Israel Cruz, Khaled Rohaim\nLead vocals – Jessica Mauboy, Jay Sean\nMixing – Phil Tan\nAdditional mixing – Damien Lewis\nMastering – Tom Coyne \nSource:\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly chart\n\nYear-end chart\n\nCertification\n\nRadio dates and release history\n\nReferences\n\n2010 songs\n2011 singles\nJessica Mauboy songs\nJay Sean songs\nSongs written by Billy Steinberg\nSongs written by Jay Sean\nSongs written by Josh Alexander\nSongs written by Israel Cruz\nVocal duets\nSony Music Australia singles\nSongs written by Khaled Rohaim", "Who Will Marry Mary? is a 1913 American action film serial starring Mary Fuller. The film is a sequel to the 1912 serial, What Happened to Mary. While most of the serial is considered to be lost, incomplete prints of episodes one and five survive in the EYE Film Instituut Nederland archive and at Keene Stage College respectively. A digitized print of the first episode \"A Proposal From The Duke\" was uploaded onto YouTube by the EYE Film Instituut Channel in 2016.\n\nCast\n Mary Fuller as Mary Cuyler\n Ben F. Wilson as Captain Justin Bradford (as Ben Wilson)\n Richard Tucker as Duke Leonardo de Ferrara\n Harry Beaumont\n Miriam Nesbitt\n Marc McDermott\n Harold M. Shaw\n William Wadsworth\n May Abbey\n Frank McGlynn Sr.\n Walter Edwin\n\nChapter titles\n A Proposal From The Duke\n A Proposal From The Spanish Don\n A Proposal From The Sculptor\n A Proposal From Nobody\n A Proposal Deferred\n A Proposal From Mary\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1913 films\n1913 lost films\nAmerican black-and-white films\nLost American films\nAmerican silent serial films\nLost drama films\nAmerican films\nAmerican action drama films\n1910s action drama films\nLost action films\n1913 drama films" ]

[ "Roberto Orci", "Becoming a producer", "When did Orci become a producer", "Orci's first credit solely as a producer came with the film Eagle Eye, where he worked once again alongside Kurtzman.", "Was it a success", "The director of the film, D. J. Caruso, praised the duo saying that \"What's unusually cool about them is that they have maintained the producer-writer power that", "what did the producer-power do", "Following their work on Eagle Eye, they were executive producers on the Sandra Bullock film, The Proposal.", "What year was that", "I don't know.", "What happened during the production of the proposal", "I don't know." ]

[ "\"What Else Is There?\" is the third single from the Norwegian duo Röyksopp's second album The Understanding. It features the vocals of Karin Dreijer from the Swedish electronica duo The Knife. The album was released in the UK with the help of Astralwerks.\n\nThe single was used in an O2 television advertisement in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia during 2008. It was also used in the 2006 film Cashback and the 2007 film, Meet Bill. Trentemøller's remix of \"What Else is There?\" was featured in an episode of the HBO show Entourage.\n\nThe song was covered by extreme metal band Enslaved as a bonus track for their album E.\n\nThe song was listed as the 375th best song of the 2000s by Pitchfork Media.\n\nOfficial versions\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Album Version) – 5:17\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Radio Edit) – 3:38\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Jacques Lu Cont Radio Mix) – 3:46\n\"What Else Is There?\" (The Emperor Machine Vocal Version) – 8:03\n\"What Else Is There?\" (The Emperor Machine Dub Version) – 7:51\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Thin White Duke Mix) – 8:25\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Thin White Duke Edit) – 4:50\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Thin White Duke Remix) (Radio Edit) – 3:06\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Trentemøller Remix) – 7:42\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Vitalic Remix) – 5:14\n\nResponse\nThe single was officially released on 5 December 2005 in the UK. The single had a limited release on 21 November 2005 to promote the upcoming album. On the UK Singles Chart, it peaked at number 32, while on the UK Dance Chart, it reached number one.\n\nMusic video\nThe music video was directed by Martin de Thurah. It features Norwegian model Marianne Schröder who is shown lip-syncing Dreijer's voice. Schröder is depicted as a floating woman traveling across stormy landscapes and within empty houses. Dreijer makes a cameo appearance as a woman wearing an Elizabethan ruff while dining alone at a festive table.\n\nMovie spots\n\nThe song is also featured in the movie Meet Bill as characters played by Jessica Alba and Aaron Eckhart smoke marijuana while listening to it. It is also part of the end credits music of the film Cashback.\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2005 singles\nRöyksopp songs\nAstralwerks singles\nSongs written by Svein Berge\nSongs written by Torbjørn Brundtland\n2004 songs\nSongs written by Roger Greenaway\nSongs written by Olof Dreijer\nSongs written by Karin Dreijer", "Room for Improvement is the first official mixtape from Canadian rapper Drake. It was self-released in 2006. The mixtape was originally intended for sale only and had sold 6,000 copies in 2006.\n\nBackground\nIn an interview with thabiz.com in February 2006, Drake talked about the mixtape, \"It's a mix CD and I did it with DJ Smallz who does the Southern Smoke Series. He's done mix tapes with everyone. Lil Wayne, Young Jeezy, a lot of people and he's hosting it for me. It's called Room for Improvement. It's seventeen original tracks and a couple of remixes and stuff like that. 22 tracks in total. I have the Clipse on there, I got Trey Songz in there, I got Lupe Fiasco on there, I have Nickelus F who is this amazing artist from Virginia who I'm very very tight with and we work together a lot, we worked together. I have Voyce on there, he's a singer from Toronto. Production wise I don't really have any major producers on there. I have a song I did with Trey Songz. I have an individual by the name of Nick Rashur from Harlem he's a really cool cat. Amir; Boi-1da did the majority of the singles, who else should I mention DJ Ra from DC, a lot of people on the CD.\"\n\nThe mixtape was re-released in 2009 featuring only 11 selected songs with no DJs along with a remix of 'Do What You Do'.\n\nTrack listing\nPartial credits adapted from Drake's personal notebook.\n\nNotes\n \"Pianist Hands\" features vocals from Mazin's dad\n \"Make Things Right\" features vocals from Byram Joseph\n\nPersonnel\nPartial credits adapted from Drake's personal notebook.\n\nMusicians\n Al-Khaaliq – piano\n\nReferences\n\nDrake (musician) albums\n2006 mixtape albums\n2006 compilation albums\nAlbums produced by Boi-1da\nAlbums produced by Frank Dukes" ]

[ "Roberto Orci", "Becoming a producer", "When did Orci become a producer", "Orci's first credit solely as a producer came with the film Eagle Eye, where he worked once again alongside Kurtzman.", "Was it a success", "The director of the film, D. J. Caruso, praised the duo saying that \"What's unusually cool about them is that they have maintained the producer-writer power that", "what did the producer-power do", "Following their work on Eagle Eye, they were executive producers on the Sandra Bullock film, The Proposal.", "What year was that", "I don't know.", "What happened during the production of the proposal", "I don't know.", "What else did he work on", "Despite their film careers, Orci and Kurtzman continued to create television series. These included Sleepy Hollow, which" ]

[ "Sleepy Hollow may refer to:\n\nArts, entertainment, and media\n\nFilms\nThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow (film), a 1980 film directed by Henning Schellerup, based on Washington Irving's story \nSleepy Hollow (film), a 1999 film directed by Tim Burton, based on Washington Irving's story\n\nLiterature\n\"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\", an 1820 short story by Washington Irving, which inspired numerous adaptations\n\nMusic\nSleepy Hollow (album), by the Siegel–Schwall Band (1972)\nSleepy Hollow (soundtrack) of the Tim Burton movie (1999)\n\"Sleepy Hollow\", a 2020 song by Trippie Redd from the album Pegasus\n\nTelevision\nSleepy Hollow (TV series), a 2013 American television drama series, loosely based on the Washington Irving story\n\nPlaces\n\nUnited States\n Sleepy Hollow, Marin County, California\n Sleepy Hollow, San Bernardino County, California\n Sleepy Hollow, Illinois\n Sleepy Hollow, Indiana\n Sleepy Hollow, New York, the setting of Washington Irving's \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\"\n Sleepy Hollow, Virginia\n Sleepy Hollow, Wyoming\n Sleepy Hollow, a section of Plainfield, New Jersey\n Sleepy Hollow Lake, Greene County, New York\n\nElsewhere\n Sleepy Hollow (Mars), shallow depression on the planet Mars\n Sleepy Hollow, Saskatchewan, Canada\n Sleepy Hollow, South Australia, coastal feature adjoining the mouth of the Murray River\n\nCemeteries\n Sleepy Hollow Cemetery (Concord, Massachusetts)\n Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Sleepy Hollow, New York\n\nOther uses\n Sleepy Hollow Country Club, historic country-club in Scarborough-on-Hudson in Briarcliff Manor, New York\n Sleepy Hollow Stakes, thoroughbred-horse race held every fall at Belmont Park, New York\n Sleepy Hollow seat, manufactured by the Heywood-Wakefield Company\n\nSee also\n Sleepy Hallow, an American rapper\n Sleep hollow, a rare disease of humans", "The Reformed Church of the Tarrytowns in Tarrytown, New York, serves both Tarrytown and Sleepy Hollow, New York. It was constructed in 1837 as an extension of the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow to serve the Tarrytown community.\n\nThe new community of Dutch Reformed would have had its own Elders and Deacons and shared a minister with the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow. That church has a similar arrangement with the Dutch Reformed at Cortlandt Manor dating from 1697 when the Sleepy Hollow community was first recorded as established, though the structure had been completed in 1685 and the community had been there for long before. The Cortlandt Manor community had its own Elders and Deacons but recognized the community at Sleepy Hollow as its head, and regularly went down to the village for services and to record their births and marriages.\n\nThe community at Tarrytown became independent from Sleepy Hollow in the 1850s and soon after dropped the “Dutch” association from its name. As the Sleepy Hollow community diminished and the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow became less used, the Tarrytown community adopted the name for their landmark church the Reformed Church of the Tarrytowns, adding that it was a “continuation of the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow.”\n\nPresenting an impressive façade on North Broadway, the structure's steeple remains the highest point on North Broadway and the tallest physical structure in Tarrytown, despite not being built on the heights of the city. The church's porch of four columns supporting an extended pediment offers a refined architectural addition to the business district of historic Tarrytown.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nTarrytown, New York\nReformed Church in America churches in New York (state)\nChurches in Westchester County, New York" ]

[ "Roberto Orci", "Becoming a producer", "When did Orci become a producer", "Orci's first credit solely as a producer came with the film Eagle Eye, where he worked once again alongside Kurtzman.", "Was it a success", "The director of the film, D. J. Caruso, praised the duo saying that \"What's unusually cool about them is that they have maintained the producer-writer power that", "what did the producer-power do", "Following their work on Eagle Eye, they were executive producers on the Sandra Bullock film, The Proposal.", "What year was that", "I don't know.", "What happened during the production of the proposal", "I don't know.", "What else did he work on", "Despite their film careers, Orci and Kurtzman continued to create television series. These included Sleepy Hollow, which", "what happened in sleepy hollow", "which they developed alongside Phillip Iscove. They pitched the series to a number of networks, and it was picked up by Fox." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Roberto Orci", "Becoming a producer", "When did Orci become a producer", "Orci's first credit solely as a producer came with the film Eagle Eye, where he worked once again alongside Kurtzman.", "Was it a success", "The director of the film, D. J. Caruso, praised the duo saying that \"What's unusually cool about them is that they have maintained the producer-writer power that", "what did the producer-power do", "Following their work on Eagle Eye, they were executive producers on the Sandra Bullock film, The Proposal.", "What year was that", "I don't know.", "What happened during the production of the proposal", "I don't know.", "What else did he work on", "Despite their film careers, Orci and Kurtzman continued to create television series. These included Sleepy Hollow, which", "what happened in sleepy hollow", "which they developed alongside Phillip Iscove. They pitched the series to a number of networks, and it was picked up by Fox.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Orci took five years to bring the series Matador to television, with it originating from a conversation with his cousin Andrew." ]

[ "\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" is a song released by Paul van Dyk in collaboration with English indie dance band Saint Etienne, with Sarah Cracknell of the group on vocals. A music video (filmed 28 May 2000) was made along with the song that can be found on the Global DVD.\n\nPeaking at number seven on the UK Singles Chart, it remains the highest-charting single on the chart for both artists to date.\n\nTrack listing\n\nCD: Deviant / DVNT36CDS (UK)\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Radio Mix) - 3:49\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (PvD Mix) - 8:48\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Take a Break) - 6:25\n\nCD: Deviant / DVNT36CDR (UK)\n \"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Vandit Mix) - 7:50\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Club Mix) - 4:52\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Original Mix) - 6:51\n\nCD: Vandit / 156 871-2 (Germany)\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Radio Mix) - 3:49\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Vandit Mix) - 7:49\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Club Mix) - 4:52\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (PvD Mix) - 8:20\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Take a Break) - 6:09\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Original Mix) - 8:07\n\nalso released in the US (Mute / 9129-2)\n\nCD: Avex / AVTCDS-253 (Hong Kong)\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Radio Mix) - 3:49\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Vandit Mix) - 8:03\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (PvD Mix) - 9:26\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Take a Break) - 6:39\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Club Mix) - 5:54\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Original Mix) - 8:44\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Vandit Mix) - 7:49\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Club Mix) - 4:52\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (PvD Mix) - 8:20\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Take a Break) - 6:09\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Original Mix) - 8:07\n\n12\": Deviant / DVNT36X (UK)\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Vandit Mix) [A] - 8:03\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Club Mix) [B1] - 5:53\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Club Dub) [B2] - 5:53\n\n12\": Deviant / DVNT36XR (UK)\n\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Original Mix) [A] - 8:43\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Take a Break) [B1] - 7:31\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Take a Break Dub) [B2] - 7:15\n\n12\": Deviant / DVNT36XP (UK)\n\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Original Mix) [A] - 8:43\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (PvD Mix) [B] - 9:25\n\n12\": Deviant / DVNT36X(P) (UK)\n\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (PvD Mix) [A] - 9:25\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Original Mix) [AA] - 8:07\n\n12\": Deviant / DVNT36XPV2 (UK)\n\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Original Mix) [A] - 8:43\n\n2x12\": Vandit / Vandit 003 (Germany)\n\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Vandit Mix) [A] - 8:03\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (PvD Mix) [B] - 9:25\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Take a Break) [C1] - 7:31\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Club Mix) [C2] - 5:53\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Original Mix) [D1] - 8:43\n\"Tell Me Why (The Riddle)\" (Take a Break Dub) [D2] - 7:15\n\nalso released in the US (Mute / 9129-0)\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2000 singles\nPaul van Dyk songs\nSaint Etienne (band) songs\nSongs written by Bob Stanley (musician)\nSongs written by Pete Wiggs\nSongs written by Paul van Dyk\nSongs written by Sarah Cracknell\n2000 songs\nMute Records singles", "Alvin Lee In Tennessee is a studio album by Alvin Lee released in 2004.\n\nTrack listing\n \"Let's Boogie\" – 3:33\n \"Rock & Roll Girls\" – 3:38\n \"Take My Time\" – 4:45\n \"I'm Gonna Make It\" – 6:10\n \"Something's Gonna Get You\" – 4:47\n \"Why Did You Do It\" – 4:47\n \"Getting Nowhere Fast\" – 4:40\n \"How Do You Do It\" – 5:00\n \"Let's Get It On\" – 5:25\n \"Tell Me Why\" – 5:52\n \"I'm Going Home\" – 6:13\n\nPersonnel \nAlvin Lee - guitar, vocals\nScotty Moore - guitar\nD.J. Fontana - drums\nPete Pritchard - double bass\nWillie Rainsford - piano\nTim Hinkley - Hammond organ\n\nInfo \nRepertoire Records (UK) Limited\nCD No: REPUK 1029\nEAN: 4009910102923\n\nReferences\n\nAlvin Lee albums\n2004 albums\nRepertoire Records albums\n\nbg:Alvin Lee In Tennessee" ]

[ "Freddie King", "Biography" ]

[ "Miguel Skrobot (Warsaw, 1873 – Curitiba, February 20, 1912) was a businessman Brazilian of Polish origin.\n\nMiguel Skrobot was born in 1873, in Warsaw, Poland, to José Skrobot and Rosa Skrobot. When he was 18 he migrated to Brazil and settled in Curitiba as a merchant.\n\nHe married Maria Pansardi, who was born in Tibagi, Paraná, to Italian immigrants, and she bore him three children. He kept a steam-powered factory where he worked on grinding and toasting coffee beans under the \"Rio Branco\" brand, located on the spot where today stands the square called Praça Zacarias (square located in the center of Curitiba). He also owned a grocery store near Praça Tiradentes (also a square in the center of Curitiba, where the city was born). He died an early death, when he was 39, on February 20, 1912.\n\nReferences\n\n1873 births\n1912 deaths\nBrazilian businesspeople\nPeople from Curitiba\nPolish emigrants to Brazil", "Adolf von Rauch (22 April 1798 - 12 December 1882) was a German paper manufacturer in Heilbronn, where he was born and died and where he was a major builder of social housing.\n\nPapermakers\n1798 births\n1882 deaths\nPeople from Heilbronn" ]

[ "Freddie King", "Biography", "Where was he born?", "In autumn 1949, he and his family moved from Dallas to the South Side of Chicago." ]

[ "An only child is a person who does not have any siblings, neither biological nor adopted.\n\nOnly Child may also refer to:\n\n Only Child (novel), a novel by Jack Ketchum\n Only Child, a 2020 album by Sasha Sloan", "John August Kusche (1869 – 1934) was a renowned botanist and entomologist, and he discovered many new species of moths and butterflies. The plant of the aster family, Erigeron kuschei is named in his honor.\n\nNotable discoveries \n\nIn 1928, Kusche donated to the Bishop Museum 164 species of Lepidoptera he collected on Kauai between 1919 and 1920. Of those, 55 species had not previously been recorded on Kauai and 6 were new to science, namely Agrotis stenospila, Euxoa charmocrita, Plusia violacea, Nesamiptis senicula, Nesamiptis proterortha and Scotorythra crocorrhoa.\n\nThe Essig Museum of Entomology lists 26 species collected by Kusche from California, Baja California, Arizona, Alaska and on the Solomon Islands.\n\nEarly life \nHis father's name was Johann Karl Wilhelm Kusche, he remarried in 1883 to Johanna Susanna Niesar. He had three siblings from his father (Herman, Ernst and Pauline) and four half siblings from her second marriage (Bertha, Wilhelm, Heinrich and Reinhold. There were two other children from this marriage, which died young and whom were not recorded). His family were farmers, while he lived with them, in Kreuzburg, Germany.\n\nHis siblings quickly accustomed themselves to their new mother, however August, the eldest, did not get on easily with her. He attended a gardening school there in Kreuzburg. He left at a relatively young age after unintentionally setting a forest fire. \"One day on a walk through Kreuzburg forest, he unintentionally caused a huge forest fire. Fearing jail, he fled from home and somehow made it to America.\"\n\nHe wrote letters back to his family, urging them to come to America. His father eventually did, sometime shortly after February 1893. His father started a homestead in Brownsville, Texas. Yellow fever broke out and his father caught it. He managed to survive, while many did not, leaving him a sick old man in his mid-fifties. He wrote to August, who was then living it Prescott, Arizona, asking for money. August wrote back, saying \"Dear father, if you are out of money, see to it that you go back to Germany as soon as possible. Without any money here, you are lost,\" \n\nAugust didn't have any money either, and had been hoping to borrow money from his father. If he had wanted to visit him, then he would have had to make the trip on foot.\n\nWhen August arrived in America, he got a job as a gardener on a Pennsylvania farm. He had an affair with a Swiss woman, which resulted in a child. August denied being the child's father, but married her anyway. He went west, on horseback, and had his horse stolen by Native Americans. He ended up in San Francisco. His family joined him there. By this time he had three sons and a daughter.\n\nAfter his children grew up, he began traveling and collecting moths and butterflies.\n\nLater life \nHe traveled to the South Seas where he collected moths and butterflies. There he caught a terrible fever that very nearly killed him. He was picked up by a government ship in New Guinea, and was unconscious until he awoke in a San Francisco hospital. After that time he had hearing loss and lost all of his teeth. His doctor told him not to take any more trips to Alaska, and this apparently helped his condition.\n\nIn 1924 he lived in San Diego. He had taken a trip to Alaska just before this date. He worked as a gardener in California for nine years (1915–1924) where he died of stomach cancer.\n\nReferences \n\n19th-century German botanists\n1869 births\n1934 deaths\n20th-century American botanists\nGerman emigrants to the United States" ]

[ "Freddie King", "Biography", "Where was he born?", "In autumn 1949, he and his family moved from Dallas to the South Side of Chicago.", "Did he have any siblings?", "I don't know." ]

[ "John Frederick McCarthy is a musician, author, educator and creator of the Rock House Method system of learning. Since 2001, The Rock House Method has sold more than three million instructional programs of which McCarthy writes, composes, and demonstrates in. In the past McCarthy has written columns for Guitar School magazine and in June 2009 began writing a monthly column titled \"Metal Rising\" in Guitar Player magazine. As owner of the Rock House School of Music since 1981, McCarthy has developed a curriculum for learning to play music that covers guitar, piano, ukulele, drums, bass guitar, singing, children's early music development and music theory. His awards and accolades include CTNOW \"Best Place to Learn Music\" award 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, Music & Sound Retailer award for \"Best Tools for Schools\", Music Merchandise Review \"Best Instructional Product of the Year\" 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012.\n\nEducator \n\nJohn McCarthy began providing music lessons at the age of 15 and created the first complete rock guitar instruction series on video in 1986. In 2000, John designed the Rock House Method accelerated learning system that combined instruction in video and book form with an on-line support system. In 2001 John began the mission to take \"The Rock House Method\" to masses.\n\nJohn currently has authored over 60 instructional method books, 58 instructional DVDs and 1 instructional DVD rom. John designed and developed a Disney Learn Guitar method featuring the songs of Hannah Montana and High School Musical released in 2009 on DVD-ROM. In addition to his own instructional books and programs John has worked with many of the greatest musicians in the world creating personal instruction programs featuring the Rock House Method, Alexi Laiho, Alex Skolnick, Kiko Loureiro, Jeff Loomis, Bernie Worrell, Oli Herbert, Michael Paget, Rusty Cooley, Dan Jacobs, Rob Arnold, Doug Wimbish, Leo Nocentelli and Dave Ellefson are some of the collaborating artists.\n\nJohn owns and has been running the Rock House School of Music currently with two locations, West Haven and Wallingford CT. Rock House School of Music is a full service music school offering instruction for guitar, bass, piano, drums, singing and ukulele. In March 2019 the school won the CTNOW award for \"Best Place to Take Music Lessons in CT\" they also won previously in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018. The school also won first place for the Readers' Choice Award's \"Best Music Instruction\" in 2020 and 2021.\n\nMusician \n\nJohn began playing guitar at the age of 6 inspired by listening to the vast album collection of his older brother and sisters and states this as the reason he has a wide range of music genres in his vocabulary. When John turned 8 he already had a band playing local camps and parties and at 15 was playing across the tri-state area in clubs. At 15 John opened his first music school called Rock House School of Music. He stayed motivated to further his music studies learning to play Piano, drums, bass guitar, ukulele and sing.\n\nIn 2006 John recorded his first solo release \"Drive\" a full length guitar centered instrumental album. Doug Wimbish of Living Colour fame produced and played bass on the album. Other players on the album include Will Calhoun (Living Colour) on drums, Bernie Worrell (P-Funk and Talking Heads) on keyboards, Leo Nocentelli (The Meters) on guitar, and Jordan Gengreco on keyboards.\n\nKeyTab Patent \nIn 2020 John McCarthy was awarded a patent for his revolutionary new way to read piano music called KeyTab.\n\nEvery once in a while, a new invention emerges that changes the way people learn. For guitar, bass guitar and all stringed instruments it was “Tablature.” Tablature didn’t eliminate the need for standard music notation reading but it enhanced the learning process helping players learn quickly and more effective. In the same fashion as tablature John McCathy created “KeyTab” to help piano players learn chords, progressions and complete songs quickly while getting the feel for the instrument in a positive manner.\n\nMcCarthy was awarded a US Patent in March of 2020 for this unique way to learn piano. The KeyTab system comes with a “KeyTab Note Strip”, on this strip every note is labeled and each octave is color coded. The note strip fits perfectly behind the keys on any piano or electronic keyboard. You simply line up the black keys and you are ready to rock. \n\nKeyTab is a great way for a casual piano player to learn to play songs quickly. McCarthy explains: “There are so many people that have a piano in their home but never learn to play it. With KeyTab you can learn songs quickly and easily. Many people want to play piano but don’t want to be a classical player or take years to go through piano methods. KeyTab is a perfect solution to help people wipe the dust off the piano keys and start learning songs.” \n\nRock House Method plan to have the first Piano KeyTab Songbook ready to release by January 2022. This book will include 30 popular hit songs and the KeyTab Note Strip. People will also be able to access full videos that walk players through each song.\n\nFuture \nJohn McCarthy continues to write instructional books for his Rock House Method brand. The Rock House School of Music is expanding and adding locations and John McCarthy plans to franchise his award-winning schools around the world. John McCarthy launched an interactive online learning platform called Rock House U. RockHouseU.com is an interactive learning platform that contains video, audio, text and graphic images along with interactive learning tools to make a complete learning system geared for the future.\n\nBody of work\n\nInstructional books \n\n The Rock House Method Learn Guitar Level 1\n The Rock House Method Learn Guitar Level 2\n The Rock House Method Learn Guitar Level 3\nThe Rock House Method Reading Music for Guitar\n The Rock House Method Learn Piano Level 1\n The Rock House Method Learn Piano Level 2\n The Rock House Method Learn Piano Level 3\n The Rock House Method Learn Bass Level 1\n The Rock House Method Learn Bass Level 2\n The Rock House Method Learn Bass Master Edition\n The Rock House Method Learn Guitar Mater Edition\n The Rock House Method Learn Piano Mater Edition\n The Rock House Method Learn Ukulele a Complete Course\n The Rock House Method Master Rock Guitar a Complete Course\n The Rock House Method Master Blues Guitar a Complete Course\n The Rock House Method Lead Singer From Start to Stage\n The Rock House Method Littler Rockers - Your Childs First Musical Steps\n The Rock House Method Modes Demystified\n The Rock House Method Guitar for Kids\n The Rock House Method Piano for Kids\nRock House Learn Rock Guitar Beginner\nRock House Learn Rock Guitar Intermediate\nRock House Learn Rock Guitar Advanced\nRock House Learn Rock Guitar Course\nRock House Learn Rock Acoustic Beginner\nRock House Learn Rock Acoustic Intermediate\nRock House Children's Guitar Method\nRock House Clap, Tap, Sing & Swing\nRock House The Only Chord Book You'll Ever Need – Guitar\nRock House The Only Chord Book You'll Ever Need – Keyboard\nSo Easy Ultimate Guitar Acoustic Guitar Course\nSo Easy Ultimate Guitar Electric Guitar Course\nHouse of Blues Acoustic Guitar Beginner\nHouse of Blues Electric Guitar Beginner\nHouse of Blues Acoustic Guitar Course\nHouse of Blues Electric Guitar Course\nHouse of Blues Blues Guitar Course\nHouse of Blues Blues Guitar Level 1\nHouse of Blues Blues Guitar Level 2\nHouse of Blues Guitar Master Edition\n\nInstructional videos / DVD \n\nRock House Learn Rock Guitar Beginner\nRock House Learn Rock Guitar Intermediate\nRock House Learn Rock Guitar Advanced\nRock House Learn Rock Guitar Course\nRock House Learn Rock Acoustic Beginner\nRock House Learn Rock Acoustic Intermediate\nRock House Blues Riffs, Rhythms & Secrets\nRock House Hands of Steel\nRock House Advanced Metal\nRock House Modes Demystified\nRock House Learn Metal Guitar Beginner\nRock House Learn Metal Guitar Intermediate\nRock House Learn Metal Guitar Advanced\nRock House Learn Blues Guitar Beginner\nRock House Learn Blues Guitar Intermediate\nRock House Learn Blues Guitar Advanced\nRock House Lead Guitar\nRock House Learn to Play Ukulele\nRock House Modern Classical Guitar\nSo Easy Electric Guitar Level 1\nSo Easy Electric Guitar Level 2\nSo Easy Acoustic Guitar Level 1\nSo Easy Acoustic Guitar Level 2\nHouse of Blues Acoustic Guitar Beginner\nHouse of Blues Electric Guitar Beginner\nHouse of Blues Blues Guitar Level 1\nHouse of Blues Learn Metal Guitar Beginner\nHouse of Blues Blues Guitar Level 2\nPeavey Play It All Acoustic Guitar\nPeavey Play It All Electric Guitar\n\nCD/DVD ROM interactive programs \n\nDisney Learn Guitar Method – featuring the songs of Hannah Montana & High School Musical\n\nBranded instructional videos / DVD (featured in guitar packs) \n\nWashburn/Lyon Acoustic and Electric Guitar\nPeavey Acoustic Guitar\nPeavey Electric Guitar\nSilvertone Acoustic Guitar\nSilvertone Electric Guitar\nBurswood Acoustic and Electric Guitar\nSX Acoustic Guitar\nSX Electric Guitar\nValencia Classical Guitar\nGypsy Rose Acoustic, Electric and Bass Guitar\nMahalo Ukulele\nAshton Acoustic and Electric Guitar\nSpectrum Acoustic Guitar\nSpectrum Electric Guitar\nSpectrum Keyboard\nBehringer Acoustic and Electric Guitar\nJim Deacan Acoustic and Electric Guitar\nSwitch Acoustic and Electric Guitar\n\nCustom Artist Programs \n\nLeo Nocentelli (The Meters)\nDoug Wimbish (Living Colour)\nRob Arnold (Chimaira)\nMarc Rizzo (Soul Fly, Solo Artist)\nDan Jacobs (Atreyu)\nAlexi Laiho (Children of Bodom)\nDavid Ellefson (Megadeth)\nBernie Worrell (P-Funk, Talking Heads)\nOli Herbert (All That Remains)\nMichael \"Padge\" Paget (Bullet for My Valentine)\nBobby Thomson (Job for a Cowboy)\nKiko Loureiro (Solo Artist, Angra)\nAlex Skolnick (Testament, Alex Skolnick Trio, Trans Siberian Orchestra)\nGary Hoey (Solo Artist)\nJeff Loomis (Nevermore, Solo Artist)\nBuz McGrath (Unearth)\nRusty Cooley (Solo Artist)\nFreekbass Rock House Funk Bass (Solo artist)\nAlex Bach – Guitar for Girls (Solo Artist)\n\nJohn McCarthy CD releases \n\n13 O’clock – independent release (1999)\nDrive – solo instrumental guitar (2006)\n\nReferences \n\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nAmerican rock guitarists\nAmerican male guitarists", "Brij Bhushan Kabra (1937 – 12 April 2018) was an Indian musician who popularized the guitar as an instrument in Indian classical music.\n\nKabra was born in 1937 to Goverdhanlal Kabra in Jodhpur where he spent his youth. He was interested in sports and listened to Indian classical music but did not intend to become a musician and trained as a geologist. During a visit to Kolkata he discovered the Hawaiian lap slide guitar and convinced his father to let him learn it by promising to only play classical music. Kabra then lived in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, learnt the instrument by imitating records, and later studied under Ali Akbar Khan. He modified the guitar by adding sympathetic and drone strings.\n\nKabra became the first Indian musician to play raga on the guitar, performed publicly, and recorded the successful album Call of the Valley (1967) with bansuri player Hariprasad Chaurasia and santoor player Shivkumar Sharma. The guitar was seldom used in Indian classical music, and his guitar playing gained popularity in the 1970s hippie culture. Kabra recorded solo albums and concentrated on teaching since the 1990s but continued to perform.\n\nHe was awarded the Rajasthan Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for 1983–84, was made a fellow of the Rajasthan Sangeet Natak Akademi for 1995–96, and received the national Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for 2005.\n\nKabra died on 12 April 2018 in Ahmedabad at age 81.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1937 births\n2018 deaths\nHindustani instrumentalists\nIndian guitarists\nRajasthani people\nPeople from Jodhpur\nRecipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award\nSlide guitarists" ]

[ "Freddie King", "Biography", "Where was he born?", "In autumn 1949, he and his family moved from Dallas to the South Side of Chicago.", "Did he have any siblings?", "I don't know.", "when did he learn to play the guitar?", "When Freddie was six years old, his mother and his uncle began teaching him to play the guitar." ]

[ "I Told You So is a 1970 Ghanaian movie. The movie portrays Ghanaians and their way of life in a satirical style. It also gives insight into the life of a young lady who did not take the advice of her father when about to marry a man, she did not know anything about the man she was going to marry, but rather took her mother's and uncle's advice because of the wealth and power the man has.\n\nThe young lady later finds out that the man she is supposed to marry was an armed robber. She was unhappy of the whole incident. When her dad ask what had happened, she replied that the man she was supposed to marry is an armed robber; her father ended by saying \"I told you so\".\n\nCast\nBobe Cole\nMargret Quainoo (Araba Stamp)\nKweku Crankson (Osuo Abrobor)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n I TOLD YOU SO GHANAIAN MOVIE\n\n1970 films\nGhanaian films", "Marianus III (died 1321) was the sole Giudice of Arborea from 1308 to his death. He co-ruled with his elder brother Andrew from the death of their father, John of Arborea, in 1304. Their mother was Vera Cappai. They were illegitimate.\n\nIn 1312, he was constrained by the Republic of Pisa to buy his own right of succession from the Emperor Henry VII and to marry Constance of Montalcino by proxy. In 1314, he requested aid from the Crown of Aragon against the Pisans.\n\nHe restored roads and bridges, complete the walls of Oristano and her defensive towers, and constructed a new archiepiscopal palace.\n\nHe never did marry Constance, but he did cohabitate with Padulesa de Serra, who gave him six children, among whom was his successor, Hugh II.\n\n1321 deaths\nJudges (judikes) of Arborea\nYear of birth unknown" ]

[ "Freddie King", "Biography", "Where was he born?", "In autumn 1949, he and his family moved from Dallas to the South Side of Chicago.", "Did he have any siblings?", "I don't know.", "when did he learn to play the guitar?", "When Freddie was six years old, his mother and his uncle began teaching him to play the guitar.", "Did he ever marry?", "In the same year he married another Texas native, Jessie Burnett." ]

[ "Else Hansen (Cathrine Marie Mahs Hansen) also called de Hansen (1720 – 4 September 1784), was the royal mistress of king Frederick V of Denmark. She is his most famous mistress and known in history as Madam Hansen, and was, alongside Charlotte Amalie Winge, one of only two women known to have been long term lovers of the king.\n\nLife\n\nThe background of Else Hansen does not appear to be known. Tradition claims her to be the sister of Frederick's chamber servant Henrik Vilhelm Tillisch, who in 1743 reportedly smuggled in his sister to the king at night, but modern research does not support them to be the same person.\n\nRoyal mistress\nIt is not known exactly when and how Hansen became the lover of the king. Frederick V was known for his debauched life style. According to Dorothea Biehl, the king was known to participate in orgies or 'Bacchus parties', in which he drank alcohol with his male friends while watching female prostitutes stripped naked and danced, after which the king would sometime beat them with his stick and whip them after having been intoxicated by alcohol. These women where economically compensated, but none of them seem to have had any status of a long term mistress, nor did any of the noblewomen and maids-of-honors, which according to rumors where offered to the king by their families in hope of advantages but simply married of as soon as they became pregnant without any potential relationship having been anything but a secret. The relationship between the king and Else Hansen was therefore uncommon.\n\nElse Hansen gave birth to five children with the king between 1746 and 1751, which is why the affair is presumed to have started in 1746 at the latest and ended in 1751 at the earliest. At least her three younger children where all born at the manor Ulriksholm on Funen, a manor owned by Ulrik Frederik von Heinen, brother-in-law of the de facto ruler of Denmark, the kings favorite Adam Gottlob Moltke, who likely arranged the matter. The manor was named after the royal Ulrik Christian Gyldenlove, illegitimate son of a previous king. The king's children with Hansen where baptized in the local parish church near the manor, where they were officially listed as the legitimate children of the wife of a non existent man called \"Frederick Hansen, ship writer from Gothenburg to China\". The frequent trips to Ulriksholm by Hansen as soon as her pregnancies with the king became evident was publicly noted. Neither Else Hansen nor any other of the king's mistresses where ever any official mistress introduced at the royal court, nor did they have any influence upon state affairs whatever, as politics where entrusted by the king to his favorite Moltke.\n\nIn 1752, the relationship between the king and Hansen may have ended – in any case, it was not mentioned more or resulted in any more children. She settled in the property Kejrup near Ulriksholm with her children, officially with the status of \"widow of the late sea captain de Hansen\".\n\nLater life\nAfter the death of Frederick in 1766, she acquired the estate Klarskov on Funen. She sold Klarskov and moved to Odense in 1768. In 1771, however, she bought Klarskov a second time and continued to live there until her death.\n\nHer children were not officially recognized, but unofficially they were taken care of by the royal court: her daughters were given a dowry and married to royal officials and the sons careers where protected, and her grandchildren where also provided with an allowance from the royal house.\n\nAfter Hansen, the king did not have any long term mistress until Charlotte Amalie Winge (1762–66).\n\nLegacy\nAt Frederiksborgmuseet, there are three paintings of Hansen by Jens Thrane the younger from 1764. Hansen is known by Dorothea Biehl's depiction of the decadent court life of Frederick V.\n\nIssue \nHer children were officially listed with the father \"Frederick Hansen, sea captain\".\nFrederikke Margarethe de Hansen (1747–1802)\nFrederikke Catherine de Hansen (1748–1822)\nAnna Marie de Hansen (1749–1812)\nSophie Charlotte de Hansen (1750–1779)\nUlrik Frederik de Hansen (1751–1752)\n\nSources\n Charlotte Dorothea Biehl, Interiører fra Frederik V's Hof, udgivet af Louis Bobé.\n Aage Christens, Slægten de Hansen, 1968.\n\nReferences\n\n1720 births\n1784 deaths\nMistresses of Danish royalty\n18th-century Danish people\n18th-century Danish women landowners\n18th-century Danish landowners", "Maria Komnene (c. 1144 – 1190) was Queen of Hungary and Croatia from 1163 until 1165. Maria's father was Isaac Komnenos (son of John II).\n\nMarriage\nShe married c. 1157 to King Stephen IV of Hungary (c. 1133 – 11 April 1165). They did not have any children.\n\nSources \n Kristó Gyula - Makk Ferenc: Az Árpád-ház uralkodói (IPC Könyvek, 1996)\n Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9-14. század), főszerkesztő: Kristó Gyula, szerkesztők: Engel Pál és Makk Ferenc (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1994)\n\nHungarian queens consort\n1140s births\n1190 deaths\nMaria\n12th-century Byzantine women\n12th-century Hungarian women\n12th-century Byzantine people\n12th-century Hungarian people" ]

[ "Blackfoot Confederacy", "Early history" ]

[ "\"You Got Me Hummin'\" (also known as \"You've Got Me Hummin'\") is a popular song written by Isaac Hayes and David Porter. It was first popularized by Sam & Dave, who had a Top 10 R&B hit with the song in 1966 on Stax Records. It was subsequently covered by Cold Blood who had greater success with the song on the American pop charts. Additionally, the song has been recorded by the Pointer Sisters, Reigning Sound, Freddie Fender and Delbert McClinton as well as J. Blackfoot. Billy Joel released the song several times: first in 1967, when in the band The Hassles and under the title \"You've Got Me Hummin' and in 1983 (live version, on the B-side of the 12\" of \"Tell Her About It\" under the title \"You Got Me Hummin'\".)\n\nSelected recording history\n[MOMENT OF TRUTH][1977 DISCO VERSION][NEW LYRICS][SALSOUL RECORDS]\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nAllmusic\n\nSam & Dave songs\nSongs written by Isaac Hayes\n1966 singles\nRhythm and blues songs\nVocal duets\nSongs written by David Porter (musician)\n1966 songs\nStax Records singles\nAtlantic Records singles", "\"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" is the title of a number-one R&B single by singer Tevin Campbell. To date, the single is Campbell's biggest hit peaking at number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and spending one week at number-one on the US R&B chart. The hit song is also Tevin's one and only Adult Contemporary hit, where it peaked at number 43. The song showcases Campbell's four-octave vocal range from a low note of E2 to a D#6 during the bridge of the song.\n\nTrack listings\nUS 7\" vinyl\nA \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (edit) – 4:16\t\nB \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (instrumental) – 5:00\n\n12\" vinyl\nA \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (edit) – 4:16\t\nB \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (album version) – 5:02\n\nUK CD\n \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" – 4:16\n \"Goodbye\" (7\" Remix Edit) – 3:48\n \"Goodbye\" (Sidub and Listen) – 4:58\n \"Goodbye\" (Tevin's Dub Pt 1 & 2) – 6:53\n\nJapan CD\n \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" – 4:10\n \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (instrumental version) – 4:10\n\nGermany CD\n \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (edit) – 4:10\n \"Just Ask Me\" (featuring Chubb Rock) – 4:07\n \"Tomorrow\" (A Better You, Better Me) – 4:46\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nSee also\nList of number-one R&B singles of 1992 (U.S.)\n\nReferences\n\nTevin Campbell songs\n1991 singles\n1991 songs\nSongs written by Tevin Campbell\nSongs written by Narada Michael Walden\nSong recordings produced by Narada Michael Walden\nWarner Records singles\nContemporary R&B ballads\nPop ballads\nSoul ballads\n1990s ballads" ]

[ "Blackfoot Confederacy", "Early history", "what can you tell me about the early history of blackfoot?", "The Niitsitapi, also known as the Blackfoot or Blackfeet Indians, reside in the Great Plains of Montana and the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan." ]

[ "The White Plains Public School District is a public school district located in White Plains, New York. As of the 2016–2017 school year, the total district enrollment was 7,004 students attending 8 schools in grades Pre-K - 12. As of 2017, the district superintendent is Dr. Joseph Ricca.\n\nHistory\nRicca, previously of the East Hanover School District and the Elmsford Union Free School District, became superintendent of White Plains in 2017.\n\nSchools\n\nUniversal PreKindergarten (grades: Pre-K)\nFor the 2018–19 school year, the White Plains Public Schools will collaborate with several White Plains early childhood agencies to provide a free universal pre-kindergarten program to four-year-olds (children born in the year 2014) who reside in the City of White Plains. Transportation is not provided.\n\nFSW - Great Beginnings - Universal Pre-K (UPK)\nYMCA - Universal Pre-K (UPK)\n\nElementary (grades: K-5)\n\nRidgeway Elementary School\nChurch Street Elementary School\nGeorge Washington Elementary School\nMamaroneck Avenue Elementary School \nPost Road Elementary School\n\nMiddle (grades: 6-8)\nWhite Plains Middle School\nEastview Campus (grades: 6th \nHighlands Campus (grades 7–8)\n\nHigh (grades: 9-12)\n\nWhite Plains High School\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nDistrict Website\n\nSchool districts in New York (state)\nEducation in White Plains, New York\nEducation in Westchester County, New York", "Carl Frederick Kraenzel (November 1, 1906 – July 26, 1980) was an American sociologist. Most of Kraenzel's work focuses on the people of the Great Plains, covering a range of topics including quality of life, power relations, resource use, and mental health. Kraenzel has been widely published in a variety of professional journals, monographs, research bulletins, special reports, and books in the fields of rural sociology, Great Plains sociology, and natural resource sociology. His best known work, The Great Plains in Transition, describes the challenges of social life and connections to the natural environments in the North American semiarid region located between the 98th meridian and the Rocky Mountains. While Kraenzel may not have been a historian, The Great Plains in Transition has greatly influenced the study of Great Plains history.\n\nBiography \nBorn in Hebron, North Dakota, Kraenzel grew up on a farm in the countryside of the Northern Great Plains and witnessed first-hand the challenges of rural life and living in the region. Kraenzel attended the University of North Dakota for his undergraduate degree, and continued on to do graduate work at the University of Minnesota, Harvard University, and the University of Wisconsin, where he received his Ph.D in 1935. While at the University of Wisconsin, Kraenzel conducted research under Dr. E. L. Kirkpatrick on a study of relief in relation to rural rehabilitation in the Great Lakes states area of Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. Upon completion of the study, Kraenzel returned to Wisconsin to act as Coordinator between the Wisconsin Emergency Relief Administration and the Wisconsin College of Agriculture. Kraenzel served as a professor of sociology at Montana State University in Bozeman from 1935 to 1968, and later at the University of Texas at El Paso, from 1968 to 1973. Carl F. Kraenzel died on July 16, 1980, in Las Cruces, New Mexico.\n\nWritings\n\nMajor works \n\n The Great Plains in Transition. University of Oklahoma Press, 1955.\n The Social Cost of Space in the Yonland. Endowment and Research Foundation at Montana State University, 1980.\n\nWorks in association with other authors \n\n The Northern Plains in a World of Change: A Study Outline for Adult Groups in the Northern Plains of Canada and the United States. Gregory-Cartwright, 1942.\n Montana's Population Changes, 1920 to 1950: Especially as to Numbers and Composition. Montana State College, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1956.\n Social Forces in Rural Communities of Sparsely Populated Areas; Findings and Recommendations Growing Out of a Mental Health Study. Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, 1971.\n\nImpact on the study of the Great Plains \nKraenzel's work has added greatly to the historical discussion of the Great Plains and its influences. Regionalism and cultural adaptation are two of the important elements of Kraenzel's examination of the Great Plains, where the residents of the Great Plains must reside in the region and develop its needed facilities and institutions in order to cooperate with and become equal to the other regions in the United States. While neither of these two terms are unique to Kraenzel and his study alone, they add to the greater discussion.\n\nKraenzel created his own theory of the study of communities on the Great Plains that focus around two areas: the \"\" and the \"yonland,\" particularly related to the social and community life of a region. While there is a similarity to the hinterland theory in these terms, Kraenzel insists these terms are separate still as all the plains are hinterland. The \",\" according to Kraenzel: \"is the more densely settled, often stringlike, area of habitation along the major avenues of transportation. Generally, this area includes the railroads, which are frequently paralleled by the major highways, bus routes, and by the public utilities such as telephone and telegraph lines, gas lines, and power distribution facilities. Here also, are found the larger towns and cities and all that they imply--specialized and enlarged wholesaling and retailing; banking; shipping and processing for livestock and grain; storage; and specialization in hospital and medical-care facilities.\" Kraenzel also states that this area includes high school facilities, colleges or universities, larger churches, and governmental agencies, state and federal. While it shares some commonalities with a core or center in the hinterland theory, that is only half correct. It shares some parts of the core, but on a much smaller scale and often in specialized agricultural ways. Kraenzel termed sutland from the term \"sutler,\" which he states, \"historically was the supply agent at the army post before the day when the army maintained its own supply services.\" The \"yonland\" as defined by Kraenzel is \"the area 'out yonder,' out of the sutland; the area without adequate services.\" They are the smaller areas dispersed among the sutland areas. There is also an \"in-between\" area defined by Kraenzel as being smaller towns without the major transportation systems and public services of the sutland and a difficulty in finding a sustainable population to maintain smaller services and facilities.\n\nKraenzel's theory of the and yonland is significant because of the role of interdependence it creates. The yonland is dependent upon the for services and the is dependent upon the yonland for materials and resources. The and yonland also produce a social organization trend for the Great Plains of four areas, divided among the two areas:\n\n Yonland\n Open country\n The village as a service station\n Sutland\n The town\n The city\n\nThere is a push-pull factor related to the hinterlands of the Great Plains and the core of large cities on the edge of the Great Plains as well as throughout the country. Kraenzel's examination of the push-pull factor applies to his and yonland theory because of the population fluctuations that emerge, shifting the communities in the sutland. Higher education is a popular example of the pull-factor, where due to the larger colleges and universities being located on the far edges of the plains or outside the region all together. Shopping, entertainment, sports, and cultural events are further example of the push-pull factor as it applies to the /yonland theory because they draw residents of the Great Plains to other cities to take part in what their own communities are too small to support.\n\nToday, with the celebration of social and community life, especially on the Great Plains, regionalism and the relationship between the and the yonland are just as important as ever to understanding the inhabitants of the plains.\n\nReferences\n\n1906 births\n1980 deaths\nPeople from Morton County, North Dakota\nAmerican sociologists\nEnvironmental studies scholars\nUniversity of North Dakota alumni\nUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison alumni\nMontana State University faculty\nUniversity of Texas at El Paso faculty" ]

[ "Blackfoot Confederacy", "Early history", "what can you tell me about the early history of blackfoot?", "The Niitsitapi, also known as the Blackfoot or Blackfeet Indians, reside in the Great Plains of Montana and the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan.", "when did they reside in the great plains?", "By 1200," ]

[ "\n\nTrack listing\n Opening Overture\n \"I Get a Kick Out of You\" (Cole Porter)\n \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" (Stevie Wonder)\n \"You Will Be My Music\" (Joe Raposo)\n \"Don't Worry 'bout Me\" (Ted Koehler, Rube Bloom)\n \"If\" (David Gates)\n \"Bad, Bad Leroy Brown\" (Jim Croce)\n \"Ol' Man River\" (Jerome Kern, Oscar Hammerstein II)\n Famous Monologue\n Saloon Trilogy: \"Last Night When We Were Young\"/\"Violets for Your Furs\"/\"Here's That Rainy Day\" (Harold Arlen, E.Y. Harburg)/(Matt Dennis, Tom Adair)/(Jimmy Van Heusen, Johnny Burke)\n \"I've Got You Under My Skin\" (Porter)\n \"My Kind of Town\" (Sammy Cahn, Van Heusen)\n \"Let Me Try Again\" (Paul Anka, Cahn, Michel Jourdan)\n \"The Lady Is a Tramp\" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart)\n \"My Way\" (Anka, Claude Francois, Jacques Revaux, Gilles Thibaut)\n\nFrank Sinatra's Monologue About the Australian Press\nI do believe this is my interval, as we say... We've been having a marvelous time being chased around the country for three days. You know, I think it's worth mentioning because it's so idiotic, it's so ridiculous what's been happening. We came all the way to Australia because I chose to come here. I haven't been here for a long time and I wanted to come back for a few days. Wait now, wait. I'm not buttering anybody at all. I don't have to. I really don't have to. I like coming here. I like the people. I love your attitude. I like the booze and the beer and everything else that comes into the scene. I also like the way the country's growing and it's a swinging place.\n\nSo we come here and what happens? We gotta run all day long because of the parasites who chase us with automobiles. That's dangerous, too, on the road, you know. Might cause an accident. They won't quit. They wonder why I won't talk to them. I wouldn't drink their water, let alone talk to them. And if any of you folks in the press are in the audience, please quote me properly. Don't mix it up, do it exactly as I'm saying it, please. Write it down very clearly. One idiot called me up and he wanted to know what I had for breakfast. What the hell does he care what I had for breakfast? I was about to tell him what I did after breakfast. Oh, boy, they're murder! We have a name in the States for their counterparts: They're called parasites. Because they take and take and take and never give, absolutely, never give. I don't care what you think about any press in the world, I say they're bums and they'll always be bums, everyone of them. There are just a few exceptions to the rule. Some good editorial writers who don't go out in the street and chase people around. Critics don't bother me, because if I do badly, I know I'm bad before they even write it, and if I'm good, I know I'm good before they write it. It's true. I know best about myself. So, a critic is a critic. He doesn't anger me. It's the scandal man who bugs you, drives you crazy. It's the two-bit-type work that they do. They're pimps. They're just crazy, you know. And the broads who work in the press are the hookers of the press. Need I explain that to you? I might offer them a buck and a half... I'm not sure. I once gave a chick in Washington $2 and I overpaid her, I found out. She didn't even bathe. Imagine what that was like, ha, ha.\n\nNow, it's a good thing I'm not angry. Really. It's a good thing I'm not angry. I couldn't care less. The press of the world never made a person a star who was untalented, nor did they ever hurt any artist who was talented. So we, who have God-given talent, say, \"To hell with them.\" It doesn't make any difference, you know. And I want to say one more thing. From what I see what's happened since I was last here... what, 16 years ago? Twelve years ago. From what I've seen to happen with the type of news that they print in this town shocked me. And do you know what is devastating? It's old-fashioned. It was done in America and England twenty years ago. And they're catching up with it now, with the scandal sheet. They're rags, that's what they are. You use them to train your dog and your parrot. What else do I have to say? Oh, I guess that's it. That'll keep them talking to themselves for a while. I think most of them are a bunch of fags anyway. Never did a hard day's work in their life. I love when they say, \"What do you mean, you won't stand still when I take your picture?\" All of a sudden, they're God. We gotta do what they want us to do. It's incredible. A pox on them... Now, let's get down to some serious business here...\n\nSee also\nConcerts of Frank Sinatra\n\nFrank Sinatra", "What Else Do You Do? (A Compilation of Quiet Music) is a various artists compilation album, released in 1990 by Shimmy Disc.\n\nTrack listing\n\nPersonnel \nAdapted from the What Else Do You Do? (A Compilation of Quiet Music) liner notes.\n Kramer – production, engineering\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\n1990 compilation albums\nAlbums produced by Kramer (musician)\nShimmy Disc compilation albums" ]

[ "Blackfoot Confederacy", "Early history", "what can you tell me about the early history of blackfoot?", "The Niitsitapi, also known as the Blackfoot or Blackfeet Indians, reside in the Great Plains of Montana and the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan.", "when did they reside in the great plains?", "By 1200,", "what else did they do in those years?", "Due to language and cultural patterns, anthropologists believe the Niitsitapi did not originate in the Great Plains of the Midwest North America, but migrated" ]

[ "Wallachian Roma or Vlax refers to a Romani community that migrated from what is today Romania (Wallachia) to Southeastern Europe (the Balkans) in the 18th and 19th centuries. They speak Vlax Romani.\n\nIn Hungary (where they are known as Vlashika or Olah), they migrated from Romania as part of the \"Kelderara\" migration wave, and are subdivided into the Lovara, Bougeshti, Drizdari and others. They are related to the Kalderash of the Balkans. They are far smaller than the Hungarian Roma (known as Romungri), who mainly speak Hungarian.\nIn Serbia (where they are known as Vlaški cigani), they migrated from Romania. They have converted to Eastern Orthodoxy and mostly speak Serbian fluently.\n\nReferences\n\nRoma (Romani subgroup)\nRomani groups\nRomani in Hungary\nRomani in Serbia\nVlax", "Frederick Fales Richardson (2 August 1918 – 9 July 1983) was an American cricketer who played 11 first-class matches for the Madras provincial cricket team.\n\nEarly life \n\nFrederick Richardson was born in Brookland, Pennsylvania on 2 August 1918. At the age of two, Richardson migrated with his parents to England where he did his schooling at Westminster School and graduated from Princeton University. Frederick Richardson moved to Calcutta, India in 1941 and worked for Stanvac (Standard Vacuum). In 1944, Richardson migrated to Madras and then to Bombay, where he died in 1983.\n\nSporting career \n\nFrederick Richardson learned cricket during his school days in England. He played for the Madras cricket team under the captaincy of C. P. Johnstone from 1944 to 1948. He also played football during his three-year stay in Calcutta.\n\nReferences \n\n \n \n\n1918 births\n1983 deaths\nTamil Nadu cricketers\nAmerican cricketers\nEuropeans cricketers\nCricketers from Pennsylvania" ]

[ "Blackfoot Confederacy", "Early history", "what can you tell me about the early history of blackfoot?", "The Niitsitapi, also known as the Blackfoot or Blackfeet Indians, reside in the Great Plains of Montana and the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan.", "when did they reside in the great plains?", "By 1200,", "what else did they do in those years?", "Due to language and cultural patterns, anthropologists believe the Niitsitapi did not originate in the Great Plains of the Midwest North America, but migrated", "where did they migrated from?", "from the upper Northeastern part of the country." ]

[ "Lucerna is a South American cattle breed with origins in the Colombian and Venezuelan plains. The breed is characterized by its intelligence and its ability to adapt to changing weather conditions.\n\nReferences\n\nCattle breeds", "A Contrary, among the historical Amerindian tribes of the Great Plains, a tribe member who adopted behavior deliberately the opposite of other tribal members. They were a small number of individuals loosely organized into a cult that was devoted to the practice of contrary behavior.\n\nThe Contraries are related, in part, to the clown organizations of the Plains Indians, as well as to Plains military societies that contained reverse warriors. The Lakota word heyoka, which translates as clown or opposites, serves as a collective title for these institutionalized forms of contrary behavior of the Plains Indians. When Lakota Indians first saw European clowns, they identified them with their own term for clowns, heyoka.\n\nHistory of concept \nGeorge B. Grinnell introduced the designation Contraries based on his visits to the Cheyenne around 1898. Written accounts of the heyoka (i.e., the Contraries and clowns of the Lakota and Santee) were published even earlier. The cultural anthropologist Julian Steward described various forms of contrary behavior in 1930. In 1945, Verne Ray examined contrary behavior in the ritual dances and ceremonies of North American Indians and differentiated a further characteristic of the contrary complex of the Plains Indians, reverse reaction, which means to do the opposite of what one is asked.\n\nSocial role \nThe social role of the Plains Indian clowns was ceremonial since they performed primarily during rituals, dances and feasts. Unlike the clowns, the special role of the Contraries was not restricted to brief performances, rituals or the warpath. It was their everyday life. The Contraries of the Plains Indians were unique and historically unprecedented. John Plant examined the ethnological phenomena of contrary behavior, particularly in the tribes of the North American Plains Indians.\n\nThe Contraries of the Plains Indians were individuals committed to an extraordinary life-style in which they did the opposite of what others normally do. They thus turned all social conventions into their opposites. \n\nContrary behavior means deliberately doing the opposite of what others routinely or conventionally do. It was usually accompanied by inverse speech, in which one says the opposite of what one actually means. For example, \"no!\" expresses \"yes!\" And \"hello\" means \"goodbye\". To say \"Grandfather, go away!\" would be an invitation for him to come.\n\nReverse warriors \nIn addition to the Contraries and the ceremonial clowns, many Plains tribes recognized certain persons having the role of \"reverse\" warriors. These were usually experienced warriors who in battle purposely abided by contrary, foolish or crazy principles. Generally, they belonged to military organizations that also took part in dance ceremonies. Only the \"reverse\" warriors used inverse speech, and only they did the opposite of what they were commanded or instructed to do (reverse reaction). The \"reverse\" warrior charged into battle when ordered to retreat and could only fall back when he was commanded to attack.\n\nReferences \n\nReligious occupations of the indigenous peoples of North America\nIndigenous culture of the Great Plains" ]

[ "Blackfoot Confederacy", "Early history", "what can you tell me about the early history of blackfoot?", "The Niitsitapi, also known as the Blackfoot or Blackfeet Indians, reside in the Great Plains of Montana and the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan.", "when did they reside in the great plains?", "By 1200,", "what else did they do in those years?", "Due to language and cultural patterns, anthropologists believe the Niitsitapi did not originate in the Great Plains of the Midwest North America, but migrated", "where did they migrated from?", "from the upper Northeastern part of the country.", "how did they adapt to being in the plains?", "They moved west and settled for a while north of the Great Lakes in present-day Canada, but had to compete for resources with existing tribes." ]

[ "Phyllis Kind (1933–2018) was an American art dealer active in Chicago and New York. She promoted the work of the Chicago Imagists and outsider artists.\n\nEarly life and family\nPhyllis Kind was born Phyllis Barbara Cobin in The Bronx, New York City on 1 April 1933 to Harold Cobin, a dentist, and Dorothy (Weintraub) Cobin. She was their only child. The family lived in Brooklyn as well as The Bronx. She and her mother also lived for about three years in St. Petersburg, Florida while her father performed military service. She attended the Bronx High School of Science and the University of Pennsylvania, where she studied chemistry. Her studies included chemistry at the graduate level.\n\nShe married Joshua Kind, whom she met at university, in 1956. The couple moved to New York City; Phyllis taught elementary school while Joshua pursued a PhD in Renaissance art at Columbia University. Phyllis also studied composition at the Mannes School of Music. They moved to Chicago in 1959; Joshua Kind taught at Northwestern University and, from 1962, the University of Chicago. Phyllis Kind received a master's degree in English literature from the University of Chicago.\n\nThey had four children, Jonathan, Gabriel, Deborah, and Rachel. The couple divorced in the 1970s.\n\nCareer\nEncouraged by her husband, Phyllis Kind opened a gallery in Chicago in 1967. Called Pro Grafica Arte, the gallery dealt in master prints and drawings. In 1975, she opened a gallery on Spring Street in New York's SoHo district. The gallery moved to a larger, ground floor space on Greene Street in 1983.\n\nIn 1998, Kind closed her Phyllis Kind Gallery in Chicago, located at 313 West Superior Street, in part as a result of the death of artist Roger Brown.\n\nFor 25 years, Ron Jagger served as director of Phyllis Kind Gallery in New York.\n\nArtists represented\n\nPhyllis Kind became interested in the contemporary art scene of Chicago. She followed the work of a movement that, overall, was called the Chicago Imagists. In fact the movement included three distinct subgroups: The Monster Roster; The Hairy Who; and the Chicago Imagists. She gave some of the artists in the movement their first solo shows: Jim Nutt and Gladys Nilsson in 1970 and Roger Brown in 1971. Among others shown in her Chicago gallery were Barbara Rossi, Richard Hull, Robert Lostutter, Ed Paschke, Paul Sierra, Christina Ramberg, Karl Wirsum, and Joseph Yoakum.\n\nShe also introduced the work of outsider artists. She was the first American gallerist to show contemporary and outsider work together. In 1972, Phyllis Kind presented her first group show of outsider art, \"The Artless Artist: Contemporary 'Naive Works.\" Over the years, Kind showed Chicago custodian Henry Darger, Mexican artist Martín Ramírez (discovered by Nutt), and Europeans Adolf Wölfli, Augustin Lesage, Carlo Zinelli. She promoted and marketed the work of Georgian Howard Finster. She was an advisor to Sanford L. Smith & Associates' annual Outsider Art Fair since its inception in 1992, and traditionally occupied the first booth on the show floor.\n\nIn New York, she mounted the first solo show for the miniaturist Mark Greenwold in 1979. Phyllis Kind sought out artists of originality who exhibited what she called \"the art of necessity,\" \"making art not because they might want to but instead because they have to.\" Among those were Alison Saar, Robert Colescott, William Copley, and Gillian Jagger.\n\nLater life and death\nIn 2009, Phyllis Kind closed her last gallery, a space in New York's Chelsea district that she had occupied since 2006. She died in San Francisco on 28 September 2018 of respiratory failure. The 2019 Outsider Art Fair featured a space curated by Edward M. Gómez as a memorial to Phyllis Kind.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Phyllis Kind Gallery\n Video of Kind telling the story of opening her first gallery in Chicago\n Transcript of interview with Rachel Sherman\n Remembrance by Jerry Saltz\n Gallery of images of Kind, artists, art\n\n1933 births\n2018 deaths\nPeople from the Bronx\nPeople from Manhattan\nAmerican art dealers\nWomen art dealers\nThe Bronx High School of Science alumni\nUniversity of Pennsylvania alumni", "Kind Space (formerly known as PTS - Pink Triangle Services) is an LGBT community centre located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. They are the oldest registered LGBT-specific charity in Canada, becoming registered in 1984. The organization serves gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, Two-Spirit, non-binary, queer, questioning, intersex, asexual, QTBIPoC (queer, trans, black, indigenous, people of colour), of all ages within the National Capital Region. They provide a number of services including support groups, education, research, advocacy and community space.\n\nOrganization history\nOne of the founding members of Kind Space (PTS), Barry Deeprose in 2002 wrote a history of the organization. The forwards starts off:\nIn 1984 a group of directors from the Board of Gays of Ottawa set out to create a non-profit organization with charitable status called Pink Triangle Services in the hopes that such recognition would enable an organization to more-easily raise funds. In the spring of that year the corporation was founded and was granted charitable status under the Income Tax Act, a first for Canada. In the ensuing fifteen years Pink Triangle Services (or PTS as it quickly became known) has flourished and grown, in many ways fulfilling the vision of the founding members.\n\nThose fifteen years also brought tremendous changes to the gay and lesbian community. AIDS decimated a generation of gay men, while at the same time in Canada gays and lesbians won legal rights of which an earlier generation scarcely dreamed. I have had the privilege of being associated with PTS from the beginning and it remains close to my heart. There is no doubt in my mind that it continues to provide much-needed services to the gay, lesbian, and bisexual community.\nUntil the 2000s Kind Space was run by a working Board of Directors and was funded primarily by individual donations from those communities. Starting in the 2000s the organizational structure changed to become a policy and governance Board of Directors while the first agency Executive Director was hired.\n\nAnother major change that occurred in the 2000s was more focus was attributed to less served members of the community including bisexuals, trans people and those who solely identify as queer. This was also influenced by the decrease of stigma towards gays and lesbians in the broader community that lead to a court ruling making same-sex marriage in Ontario legal in 2003. A bisexual women's group started at KInd Space which evolved into BiAmore for bisexuals of all genders years later. And in 2004 Trans Youth Ottawa started a group for transgender and transsexual youth and young adults which ran until 2009 and Gender Quest a group for all trans adults started in 2005 and still operates today. In 2005 the board of directors added trans, two-spirit and queer to the letters patent to state their official commitment to those communities.\n\nRebranding and Restructuring \nAfter years of financial troubles which resulted in the temporary layoff of the organizations executive director, Kind Space began to restructure the organization and repair its reputation. In 2015, Kind Space won a $100,000 rebranding package from Stiff and changed its name from Pink Triangle Services - PTS to Kind Space. Following the rebranding, the organization partnered with Planned Parenthood Ottawa to share office space. In 2017, the organization celebrated being debt free for the first time in several years.\n\nPrograms and services \nThe programs of Kind Space offers support, education, and resource programs.\n\nSupport programs\nHistorically flagship programs of Kind Space are peer support groups. Over the years Kind Space has seen many groups come and go based upon need. Current support groups include:\n QTY – Queer Trans Youth: A peer-led discussion and support group for LGBTTQIA youth, ages 25 and under.\n Cafe Q: A low-pressure hangout space, participants enjoy them during board games, video games, and lounging on couches.\n High School Student Alliance: Focused on empowering youth to make systemic change within schools, that is reflective of their needs as queer and trans youth.\n The Men's Group: This peer-led social group is for men of all ages, cultures, abilities, and orientations.\n QPoC-It: A space to celebrate the diversity of our cultures and have our voices speak out about the concerns of QTBIPoC\n Polybilities: This is an open forum for exploring relationship dynamics beyond the standard societal norms.\n BiAmore: A comfortable space to gather and talk about issues related to being bisexual, pansexual, bi-curious and questioning. \n Gender Quest: This is a diverse, peer-led support group for those at any stage of transition.\n Ace/Aro Spectrum: For anyone questioning their identity as asexual, aromantic, demisexual, demiromantic, greysexual, or elsewhere within the spectrum.\n\nEducational programs\nHistorically, Kind Space has focused on education and advocacy work since its founding. Financial troubles have previously restricted Kind Space's education program, however the program has recently been revitalized. Skills for the Revolution, a grassroots, peer-led program aimed at empowering and equipping is aimed at helping queer and trans communities build knowledge and hands on experience of fundamental life, advocacy, and community-building skills to deconstruct oppressive structures. This program centres healing, emotional, and restorative justice.\n\nResource programs\nKind Space offers several resources: \n Dr. Kelly McGinnis Library, which offers a large selection of queer and trans specific literature. \n Space Rentals\n Celebrating Self\n Support in accessing other community resources\n Referrals\n Letters Of Support – Refugee Hearings\n Manajiwin – Body-Positive Fitness\n\nReferences \n\nLGBT community centres in Canada\nLGBT culture in Ottawa\nOrganizations based in Ottawa\nCharities based in Canada" ]

[ "Blackfoot Confederacy", "Early history", "what can you tell me about the early history of blackfoot?", "The Niitsitapi, also known as the Blackfoot or Blackfeet Indians, reside in the Great Plains of Montana and the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan.", "when did they reside in the great plains?", "By 1200,", "what else did they do in those years?", "Due to language and cultural patterns, anthropologists believe the Niitsitapi did not originate in the Great Plains of the Midwest North America, but migrated", "where did they migrated from?", "from the upper Northeastern part of the country.", "how did they adapt to being in the plains?", "They moved west and settled for a while north of the Great Lakes in present-day Canada, but had to compete for resources with existing tribes.", "what kind of resources they had in those early years", "I don't know." ]

[ "The Shakori were an indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands. They were thought to be a Siouan people, closely allied with other nearby tribes such as the Eno and the Sissipahaw. As their name is also recorded as Shaccoree, they can be confused with the Sugaree, but the latter are Catawba people.\n\nYardley in 1654 wrote about a Tuscarora guide's accounts of the Cacores people from Haynoke who, although smaller in stature and number, were able to evade the Tuscarora. Their villages were located around what is now Hillsborough, North Carolina along the banks of the Eno and Shocco rivers.\n\nCulture\nAlthough little is known about the Shakori, at the time of contact, they were not noted as being noticeably different from the surrounding tribes. They made their wigwams and other structures out of interwoven saplings and sticks; these were covered in mud as opposed to the bark typically used by other nearby tribes. They were described as being similar to traditional dwellings of the Quapaw from Arkansas. In the center of the village, men often played a slinging stone game, probably similar to the chunkey played by tribes further south and west.\n\nLanguage\nThe Shakori were associated with other Siouan tribes of the Piedmont, such as the Sissipahaw and Eno, and they all are believed to have spoken the same Siouan language. Scholars debate whether the Shakori, Eno, and Sissipahaw were different tribes or bands of the same tribe. This distinction became moot as the tribes merged with one another as their numbers decreased. Although they merged into remnants of other tribes and the larger Catawba, their Siouan dialect survived as late as 1743 among the Eno. They resisted Catawba assimilation the longest.\n\nHistory\nAlthough their origins are uncertain, the Shakori were among the Siouan-speaking tribes found in the Piedmont area of numerous southern states. They are believed to have joined against the English colonists in the Yamasee War. It is likely that by this time they were already confederated or merged with remnants of other tribes, such as the Saponi. On February 27, 1714, the Virginia colony reached an agreement. The remnants of the Saponi, Tottero, Occaneechi, Keyauwee, Enoke (or Eno), and Shakori formally coalesced, becoming \"The Saponi Nation\". Descendants with partial Shakori ancestry are likely among the Catawba and other regional groups, but the Shakori are extinct as a tribe.\n\nNotes\n\nExtinct Native American peoples\nSiouan peoples\nNative American tribes in North Carolina\nIndigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands", "The Salinero Apaches were an Apache group closely associated with the Mescalero Apaches who lived in the area of what is now western Texas, eastern New Mexico and northern Chihuahua in the 18th century.\n\nThe name Salinero, \"salt producer\", was frequently used by the Spanish to refer to various unrelated Indian groups of northern Mexico (present Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Coahuila, and Chihuahua) and Texas, that exploited local sources of salt.\n\nThe main base of the Salinero Apaches was along the Pecos River in Texas, and their range extended northward along this river into southeastern New Mexico. Sometimes these Salinero Indians were equated with the Natages (Nadahéndé - ″Mescal People″), a powerful band of the Apache (likely Lipan and not Mescalero, being Natage a name applied to the Lipiyan band constituting, together with the Naizhan, the Lipan division of the Apache Nation) which ranged between the Pecos River and Rio Grande. It is clear therefore that the Salineros were Apache Indians and that they were among the groups that eventually became known as Mescalero Apache. The Pecos River was therefore called by the Spanish Rio Salado or also Rio del Natagee after the Salinero Apache or Natages.\n\nThe term is often used for other unrelated groups of Hokan stock who lived in what is today Tamaulipas.\nIn the early 17th century, some of the Salinero people of northern Mexico allied with the Acaxee in their war with the Spanish.\n\nSources\n\nApache tribes\nNative American tribes in Texas\nNative American tribes in New Mexico" ]

[ "Blackfoot Confederacy", "Early history", "what can you tell me about the early history of blackfoot?", "The Niitsitapi, also known as the Blackfoot or Blackfeet Indians, reside in the Great Plains of Montana and the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan.", "when did they reside in the great plains?", "By 1200,", "what else did they do in those years?", "Due to language and cultural patterns, anthropologists believe the Niitsitapi did not originate in the Great Plains of the Midwest North America, but migrated", "where did they migrated from?", "from the upper Northeastern part of the country.", "how did they adapt to being in the plains?", "They moved west and settled for a while north of the Great Lakes in present-day Canada, but had to compete for resources with existing tribes.", "what kind of resources they had in those early years", "I don't know.", "what other tribes were they associated with?", "Only one of the Niitsitapi tribes are called Blackfoot or Siksika." ]

[ "Get Along is the third DVD released by Canadian indie rock duo Tegan and Sara. It was released November 15, 2011 by Warner Bros. Records and was reissued on vinyl in April 2012. Get Along is a collection of three films and a live album.\n\nThe first film, States, is a 30-minute documentary that showcases American touring footage and interviews with Tegan and Sara, detailing the early stages of their career and interactions with their fans. The second film, India, is a 25-minute documentary shot during Tegan and Sara's tour of India, utilising interview footage with the band as well as their family and friends. The third film, For the Most Part, is a 70-minute stripped-down studio concert, shot before a live audience of 75 people over two days at The Warehouse Studios in Vancouver.\n\nGet Along was nominated for Best Long Form Music Video at the 2013 Grammy Awards, but lost to Big Easy Express by Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros.\n\nTrack listing\nThe following is the track listing on the included live album.\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nReception\nGet Along has received mixed reviews. Allie Conti of Paste stated that \"Get Along has something to offer everyone, no matter where they lie on the spectrum of fandom\", while SheWired's Ariel Shepherd-Oppenheim stated that \"overall, the films were a bit of a disappointment. I wanted to learn more about them, and I didn't really feel like I did.\" A review in Consequence of Sound criticised the repetitive nature of some of the included songs, but concluded that \"...imperfections and the occasional lack of focus aside, Get Along is a thoughtful gift to (Tegan and Sara) fans, who will no doubt cherish it.\" James Christopher Monger of AllMusic wrote that the live album \"finds the duo waltzing through its 15-year career with the kind of ease and amiable confidence that can only come from longtime friends who also happen to be siblings.\"\n\nCharts\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n\nTegan and Sara albums\n2011 video albums", "How Did This Get Made? is a comedy podcast on the Earwolf network hosted by Paul Scheer, June Diane Raphael, and Jason Mantzoukas.\n\nGenerally, How Did This Get Made? is released every two weeks. During the show's off-week, a \".5\" episode is uploaded featuring Scheer announcing the next week's movie, as well as challenges for the fans. In addition to the shows and mini-shows, the How Did This Get Made? stream hosted the first three episodes of Bitch Sesh, the podcast of previous guests Casey Wilson and Danielle Schneider, in December 2015. It has also hosted episodes of its own spin-off podcast, the How Did This Get Made? Origin Stories, in which Blake Harris interviews people involved with the films covered by the main show. In December 2017, an episode was recorded for the Pee Cast Blast event, and released exclusively on Stitcher Premium.\n\nEvery episode has featured Paul Scheer as the host of the podcast. The only episode to date in which Scheer hosted remotely was The Smurfs, in which he Skyped in. Raphael has taken extended breaks from the podcast for both filming commitments and maternity leave. Mantzoukas has also missed episodes due to work, but has also Skyped in for various episodes. On the occasions that neither Raphael nor Mantzoukas are available for live appearances, Scheer calls in previous fan-favorite guests for what is known as a How Did This Get Made? All-Stars episode.\n\nList of episodes\n\nMini episodes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n List of How Did This Get Made? episodes\n\nHow Did This Get Made\nHow Did This Get Made" ]

[ "Blackfoot Confederacy", "Early history", "what can you tell me about the early history of blackfoot?", "The Niitsitapi, also known as the Blackfoot or Blackfeet Indians, reside in the Great Plains of Montana and the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan.", "when did they reside in the great plains?", "By 1200,", "what else did they do in those years?", "Due to language and cultural patterns, anthropologists believe the Niitsitapi did not originate in the Great Plains of the Midwest North America, but migrated", "where did they migrated from?", "from the upper Northeastern part of the country.", "how did they adapt to being in the plains?", "They moved west and settled for a while north of the Great Lakes in present-day Canada, but had to compete for resources with existing tribes.", "what kind of resources they had in those early years", "I don't know.", "what other tribes were they associated with?", "Only one of the Niitsitapi tribes are called Blackfoot or Siksika.", "did they get along well?", "the Niitsitapi established themselves as one of the most powerful Indian tribes on the Plains in the late 18th century, earning themselves the name \"The Lords of the Plains." ]

[ "\"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, Affection. It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan.\n\nIn 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Affection and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology. They were also featured on The Collection 1989–2003 box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales.\n\nCritical reception\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. Matthew Hocter from Albumism viewed it as a \"upbeat offering\". David Giles from Music Week said it is \"beautifully performed\" by Stansfield. A reviewer from Reading Eagle wrote that \"What Did I Do to You?\" \"would be right at home on the \"Saturday Night Fever\" soundtrack.\"\n\nMusic video\nA music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Philip Richardson, who had previously directed the videos for \"All Around the World\" and \"Live Together\". It features Stansfield with her kiss curls, dressed in a white outfit and performing with her band on a stage in front of a jumping audience. The video was later published on Stansfield's official YouTube channel in November 2009. It has amassed more than 1,6 million views as of October 2021.\n\nTrack listings\n\n European/UK 7\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK/Japanese CD single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n UK 10\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix) – 5:52\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK 12\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 4:22\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 3:19\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:15\n\n UK 12\" promotional single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Anti Poll Tax Dub) – 6:31\n\n Other remixes\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Red Zone Mix) – 7:45\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nLisa Stansfield songs\n1990 singles\nSongs written by Lisa Stansfield\n1989 songs\nArista Records singles\nSongs written by Ian Devaney\nSongs written by Andy Morris (musician)", "The situation, task, action, result (STAR) format is a technique used by interviewers to gather all the relevant information about a specific capability that the job requires. \n\n Situation: The interviewer wants you to present a recent challenging situation in which you found yourself.\n Task: What were you required to achieve? The interviewer will be looking to see what you were trying to achieve from the situation. Some performance development methods use “Target” rather than “Task”. Job interview candidates who describe a “Target” they set themselves instead of an externally imposed “Task” emphasize their own intrinsic motivation to perform and to develop their performance.\n Action: What did you do? The interviewer will be looking for information on what you did, why you did it and what the alternatives were.\n Results: What was the outcome of your actions? What did you achieve through your actions? Did you meet your objectives? What did you learn from this experience? Have you used this learning since?\n\nThe STAR technique is similar to the SOARA technique.\n\nThe STAR technique is also often complemented with an additional R on the end STARR or STAR(R) with the last R resembling reflection. This R aims to gather insight and interviewee's ability to learn and iterate. Whereas the STAR reveals how and what kind of result on an objective was achieved, the STARR with the additional R helps the interviewer to understand what the interviewee learned from the experience and how they would assimilate experiences. The interviewee can define what they would do (differently, the same, or better) next time being posed with a situation.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nThe ‘STAR’ technique to answer behavioral interview questions\nThe STAR method explained\n\nJob interview" ]

[ "Count Dracula", "Vampire's Baptism of Blood" ]

[ "In Christian theology, baptism of blood () or baptism by blood, also called martyred baptism, is a doctrine which holds that a Christian is able to attain through martyrdom the grace of justification normally attained through baptism by water, without needing to receive baptism by water.\n\nPatristic period \n\nCyprian of Carthage in a letter of 256 regarding the question of whether a catechumen seized and killed due to his belief in Jesus Christ \"would lose the hope of salvation and the reward of confession, because he had not previously been born again of water\", answers that \"they certainly are not deprived of the sacrament of baptism who are baptized with the most glorious and greatest baptism of blood.\"\n\nCyril of Jerusalem states in his Catechetical Lectures delivered in Lent of 348 that \"if any man receive not Baptism, he hath not salvation; except only Martyrs, who even without the water receive the kingdom.\"\n\nDenominations \nThis doctrine is held by the Catholic Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the American Association of Lutheran Churches.\n\nSimilarly, those who die as Christian martyrs in a persecution of Christians are also judged by Anabaptists and Lutherans as having acquired the benefits of baptism without actually undergoing the ritual.\n\nThe Augsburg Confession of Lutheranism affirms that \"Baptism is normally necessary for salvation\". Citing the teaching of the early Church Fathers, Lutherans acknowledge a baptism of blood (martyrdom) in \"the circumstances of persecution\".\n\nFeeneyism denies baptism of blood as well as baptism of desire.\n\nSee also \n\n Baptism of desire\n\nReferences \n\nChristian terminology\nBaptism\nCatholic theology and doctrine", "The Lord Ruthven Award is an annual award presented by the Lord Ruthven Assembly, a group of academic scholars specialising in vampire literature and affiliated with the International Association for the Fantastic in the Arts (IAFA).\n\nThe award is presented for the best fiction on vampires and the best academic work on the study of the vampire figure in culture and literature. The award is presented each March at the International Conference on the Fantastic in the Arts (ICFA) in Orlando. The award is named after Lord Ruthven, one of the first vampires in English literature.\n\nLord Ruthven Award: Non-Fiction\n\n1994: David J. Skal, The Monster Show: A Cultural History of Horror \n1995: J. Gordon Melton, The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead\n1996: Nina Auerbach, Our Vampires, Ourselves\n1997: David J. Skal, V is for Vampire: An A to Z Guide to everything Undead\n1998: Carol Margaret Davison & Paul Simpson-Housley, Eds., Bram Stoker's Dracula: Sucking Through the Century\n1999: Carol A. Senf, Dracula: Between Tradition and Modernism\n2001: Elizabeth Miller, Dracula: Sense and Nonsense\n2002: Michael Bell, Food for the Dead: on the Trail of New England's Vampires\n2003: William Patrick Day, Vampire Legends in Contemporary American Culture: What Becomes a Legend Most\n2004: James B. South, Ed., Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Philosophy: Fear and Trembling in Sunnydale.\n2005: Richard Dalby & William Hughes: Bram Stoker: A Bibliography\n2006: Jorg Waltje, Blood Obsession: Vampires, Serial Murder, and the Popular Imagination.\n2007: Bruce A. McClelland, Slayers and their Vampires: A Cultural History of Killing the Dead\n2008: David Keyworth, Troublesome Corpses: Vampires and Revenants from Antiquity to the Present\n2009: Elizabeth Miller & Robert Eighteen-Bisang, Eds., Bram Stoker's Notes for Dracula\n2010: Mary Y. Hallab, Vampire God: The Allure of the Undead in Western Culture\n2011: John Edgar Browning & Caroline Joan Picart, Dracula in Visual Media: Film, Television, Comic Book and Electronic Game Appearances\n2012: Susannah Clements, The Vampire Defanged: How the Embodiment of Evil Became a Romantic Hero\n2013: Jeffrey Weinstock, The Vampire Film: Undead Cinema\n2014: Maria Lindgren Leavenworth & Malin Isaksson, Fanged Fan Fiction: Variations on Twilight, True Blood and The Vampire Diaries\n2015: Margot Adler, Vampires Are Us: Understanding Our Love Affair with the Immortal Dark Side\n2016: J. Gordon Melton & Alysa Hornick, The Vampire in Folklore, History, Literature, Film, and Television: A Comprehensive Bibliography\n2017: David J. Skal, Something in the Blood: The Untold Story of Bram Stoker, the Man Who Wrote Dracula\n2018: Gary A. Smith, Vampire Films of the 1970s\n2019: Amy J. Ransom, I Am Legend as American Myth\n2020: Sorcha Ni Fhlainn, Postmodern Vampires: Film, Fiction, and Popular Culture.\n2021: Cait Coker, The Global Vampire: Essays on the Undead in Popular Culture Around the World.\n\nLord Ruthven Award: Fiction\n\n1989: Brian Stableford, The Empire of Fear\n1990: Nancy A. Collins, Sunglasses After Dark\n1993: Kim Newman, Anno Dracula\n1996: Barbara Hambly, Traveling with the Dead\n1997: Jonathan Nasaw, The World on Blood\n1998: Chelsea Quinn Yarbro, Writ in Blood\n1999: P. N. Elrod, The Vampire Files: A Chill in the Blood\n2000: Terry Pratchett, Carpe Jugulum\n2001: Elaine Bergstrom, Blood to Blood: The Dracula Story Continues\n2002: Jean Lorrah, Blood Will Tell\n2003: Charlaine Harris, Living Dead in Dallas\n2004: Andrew Fox, Fat White Vampire Blues\n2005: David Sosnowski, Vamped\n2006: Elizabeth Kostova, The Historian\n2007: Barbara Hambly, Renfield: Slave of Dracula\n2008: Joel H. Emerson, The Undead\n2009: James Reese, The Dracula Dossier\n2010: Guillermo del Toro and Chuck Hogan, The Strain\n2011: S. M. Stirling, A Taint in the Blood\n2012: Glen Duncan, The Last Werewolf\n2013: Tim Powers, Hide Me Among the Graves\n2014: Joe Hill, NOS4A2\n2015: Lauren Owen, The Quick\n2016: David Gerrold, Jacob\n2017: Anne Rice, Prince Lestat and the Realms of Atlantis\n2018: Charlaine Harris: The Complete Sookie Stackhouse Stories\n2019: Theodora Goss, European Travel for the Monstrous Gentlewoman\n2020: Marge Simon & Bryan D. Dietrich, The Demeter Diaries\n\nLord Ruthven Award: Media/Popular Culture\n\n2003: Diary of a Virgin\n2004: Dracula\n2005: Vampire Dreams\n2008: Anthony Bourdain, No Reservations: Romania\n2009: True Blood\n2011: Being Human\n2015: Only Lovers Left Alive\n2016: What We Do in the Shadows\n2017: Vamped / The Vampire Historian\n2018: Midnight, Texas Season 1\n2020: What We Do in The Shadows\n\nLord Ruthven Special Award \n\n1997: Raymond T. McNally\n2018: Hans Corneel de Roos for his translation of, and research on Makt Myrkranna (Powers of Darkness)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nThe International Association for the Fantastic in the Arts\n\nVampires in written fiction\nHorror fiction awards" ]

[ "Count Dracula", "Vampire's Baptism of Blood", "What is Vampire's Baptism of Blood?", "Van Helsing refers to the act of drinking blood by both the vampire and the victim \"the Vampire's Baptism of Blood\"." ]

[ "Hrabě Drakula (Count Dracula) is a Czechoslovakian 1971 TV film version of Bram Stoker's original novel Dracula.\n\nThis is the first adaptation of the novel to be directed by a woman (who also co-scripted).\n\nPlot\n\nJonathan Harker on behalf of his employer, Mr. Hawkins travels to Transylvania to close a real estate transaction with Count Dracula. Jonathan keeps a written daily journal. Harker meets fearful, superstitious people on the coach to Bukovina. They are frightened at the mention of Dracula's name, and because Jonathan plans to go to the castle by night. A woman in the carriage gives him a crucifix. The coach only takes Jonathan so far, then Dracula's own carriage picks him up. The Count himself, in disguise, drives the carriage. On their way to the castle, wolves chase the carriage. The Count sends them away. At the castle, Jonathan is greeted by the Count, who is bearded and robust. Dracula helps Jonathan with his bags and shows him to his room, making excuses as to the absence of his servants. Jonathan enjoys a supper in which the Count does not join him. Jonathan and Dracula discuss the sale of Carfax, the old London estate that the Count wants to buy. Dracula tells Jonathan he must stay at the castle for a while, in order to help the Count perfect his English. Jonathan cuts himself shaving, and in his shaving mirror he notices that the Count has no reflection. The sight of the blood excites the Count, but the crucifix repulses him. Dracula takes Harker's mirror and tosses it out of the window. Jonathan soon realizes that he is alone at the castle with Dracula and that Dracula is not human. He wonders around the castle, falls asleep in one room and is attacked by three vampire woman - who refer to each other as Marquess, Countess and Madame. Dracula stops their attack and gives the women a baby to feed on. Next evening Dracula tells Jonathan to write false letters home, in which he is to say that he already has left Transylvania. A woman comes to the castle, pleading for the return of her child, but wolves kill her. That night Jonathan sees Dracula climb head-first down the castle's wall. Getting desperate to find the key to the castle's front door and escape, Jonathan climbs out of his window and down an outer wall. He sees Romani loading coffins to the carriage in the yard. Jonathan soon finds a vault in which the three vampire women repose in coffins, each in a deathlike trance. He finds the Count, also in a coffin in a similar state. Jonathan searches Dracula for the key. Unable to find it, he tries to kill the Count with a shovel, but fails. Jonathan makes a desperate leap to escape.\n\nBack in London, Jonathan celebrates being home from the hospital. He is among his friends - Arthur Holmwood and Lucy, Dr. John Seward and Harker's own wife Mina. Jonathan is suffering from amnesia and has no recollection of what happened to him, while he was abroad and doesn't want to remember, since he only knows that it was something unpleasant. Mina says that she hid his journal from him, so he wouldn't get upset by the memories. Lucy meanwhile is disappointed that he can't remember, she was looking forward to hearing what he had to say about the Carpathians, since she's interested in going there herself someday. She says she'd like to borrow Jonathan's journal, and she seems so impatient to do so, she becomes agitated and passes out. Arthur reveals that Lucy suffers for three weeks from a mysterious illness that leaves her pale and weak. She also has two tiny wounds on her throat. Lucy's illness baffles Dr. Seward, so he sends for Professor Van Helsing to come from Holland to have a look at her. Van Helsing places garlic in Lucy's room and also prescribes her garlic cream and peppermint tea. But Lucy removes the garlic and Dracula enters her room. Lucy's mother, who was with her at that moment, dies of heart attack. Despite blood transfusion, Lucy quickly fades away and on her deathbed beckons Arthur. Her teeth appear longer and sharper. Shortly afterwards, Lucy dies and is buried. At Lucy's funeral, Mina suddenly turns around and then begins to walk, as if in trance, towards something, or somebody. Jonathan stops her and then sees the Count and recognizes him, but the Count vanishes. When Van Helsing asks him what's wrong, Jonathan says that he knows what's happened to him in the Carpathians and who is guilty of Lucy's death. Three nights after she was buried Arthur is grieving in her room, when he hears and sees Lucy calling to him outside. But he understands that she is not really Lucy anymore and repels her with garlic. Lucy leaves, but wickedly promises Arthur that she'll still get him, as he is still her groom. Van Helsing and others gather together to discuss what they are to do now. Arthur tells them that Lucy came to him. Van Helsing shows them newspaper, describing how three children have been kidnapped or wounded in the neck in the past few days after being kissed by a woman in white. While all the men are deeply concerned by these news, Mina is smiling strangely. Van Helsing tells them that they need to open the coffin of Lucy and cut her head off. Arthur is horrified and appalled, but Harker supports Professor. Van Helsing asks Jonathan to give him his journal, but when Harker asks his wife what she has done with it, Mina says that she doesn't know what he is talking about. Jonathan finds the journal hidden among Mina's things, decides that she is tired and should go to bed. Mina briefly touches her throat with her hand. Van Helsing leads Seward, Holmwood and Harker to the graveyard by night. Inside the tomb they find that Lucy's coffin is empty. Soon Lucy returns to the tomb carrying the child, which she drops when Van Helsing and others confront her. Lucy sweetly calls Arthur to come with her, but retreats from Van Helsing's crucifix and returns to her tomb. Professor seals it and they wait till daybreak. Then they re-enter Lucy's tomb and Arthur stakes Lucy, while Van Helsing reads a prayer. The peaceful expression appears on Lucy's face and Professor allows Arthur to kiss her.\n\nVan Helsing and other men discuss what they know about their enemy, Dracula. Van Helsing has written to Budapest University and from the answer knows that Count Dracula is Voivode Dracula, who became famous in battles against the Turks. He also talks about vampire's strength and weaknesses, including the need to rest in his home soil, and how Dracula wants to increase his empire of the undead by moving to London. They suddenly hear the laughter in next room, run there and find unconscious Mina on the floor. On her neck they discover two wounds. The men go to Carfax, a place Harker sold to Dracula in London, and sterilize the boxes with communion wafers. However, two boxes are missing. Dracula confronts them there, Jonathan takes a swing at him with his knife, but it only slashes the Count's coat, and gold coins spill out. Dracula grabs the coins and flees, leaping out of the window. Jonathan realizes that they left Mina at home completely alone. Meanwhile, Dracula enters Mina's room, drinks her blood, then slashes his chest and makes her drink his blood, saying that now she belongs to him and if he says to her \"come\", she will come to him. The men burst in, but are too late. Van Helsing tries to break Dracula's hold and presses wafer to Mina's forehead, but it burns her. Professor understands that now they have to rely on Mina's psychic link to Dracula to learn where he is. They find out that Dracula is on the ship and is heading back to Transylvania. The heroes go by train to win time. When they reach Dracula's castle, Mina becomes excited, behaves as if she is at home, runs from Jonathan across castle's halls, laughing wantonly and igniting the lights in the castle by the mere swish of her hand. The heroes spent night in the castle, putting garlic wreaths as barrier in the room. Three vampire women appear, but they can't enter the room. They call out to Mina, call her their sister and promise to teach her lovely things, teach her to drink blood, promise to give her all those men who are with her now. Mina wants to go to them, but is stopped by Arthur. Next morning Van Helsing and Dr.Seward stake three vampire women and they crumble into dust.\n\nAfter Dracula's wagon arrives, the Romani run away upon finding he's in the coffin-shaped box they've delivered. The men try to attack Dracula, but he gets away from them, telling Harker that Mina is his and coming with him. Mina runs off again, and Jonathan once more has to go chase her down. Dracula intercepts her, with an open arms, but Jonathan throws a dagger that pierces his heart. Dracula turns into dust, while mark disappears from Mina's forehead. Jonathan's journal ends with a note that\nall these events happened seven years ago, and that the castle still stands as it has before.\n\nCast\nIlja Racek - Count Dracula\nJan Schánilec - Jonathan Harker \nKlára Jerneková - Mina Harker \nJiří Zahajský - Arthur Holmwood \nHana Maciuchová - Lucy \nOta Sklenčka - Professor Van Helsing \nVáclav Mareš - Dr. John Seward \nOlga Jirouskova - Dracula's vampire bride\nMarie Joanovicova - Dracula's vampire bride\nVera Kresadlova - Dracula's vampire bride\n\nLegacy\nIt's the first adaptation to show a scene where Mina drinks blood from a cut on Dracula's chest. It's also the first in which Mina's forehead gets burned by communion wafer, the first to show Van Helsing placing Mina under hypnosis and learning from her that Dracula has boarded a ship back to Transylvania, and the first to show the Brides of Dracula calling Mina \"sister\" and beckoning her to join them.\n\nReferences\n\nDracula films\nFilms set in castles\n1971 films\nCzech films\nCzech thriller films\nVampires in film\n1971 horror films\nCzechoslovak films", "Count Cola was a brand of soft drink produced by Ben's Beverage Company Pty Limited, sold in Australia from the mid-1970s until the mid-to-late 1980s. Count Cola is no longer available.\n\nCount Cola advertising featured a green cartoon Count Dracula character.\n\nEarly bottles were wrapped in a thin polystyrene label (as were many soft-drinks during this period) featuring diagonal pink and yellow bands of colour.\n\nTo taste, Count Cola was said to be close to that of the similarly defunct Schweppes Cola.\n\nThe flavour was derived from a combination of cola and raspberry (a.k.a. portello).\n\nSee also\n List of defunct consumer brands\n\nCola brands\nAustralian drinks\nDefunct consumer brands" ]

[ "Count Dracula", "Vampire's Baptism of Blood", "What is Vampire's Baptism of Blood?", "Van Helsing refers to the act of drinking blood by both the vampire and the victim \"the Vampire's Baptism of Blood\".", "How many people did Count Dracula drink blood from?", "Dracula bites her on at least three occasions. He also forces her to drink his blood;" ]

[ "Aparichita () is a 1978 Kannada-language thriller film directed by Kashinath, starring Suresh Heblikar, Sobha, M. V. Vasudeva Rao and Mohan. The music was composed by noted composer L. Vaidyanathan. The movie was critically acclaimed. Kashinath remade the movie in Hindi as Be-Shaque. The movie was also remade in Malayalam as Avano Atho Avalo. \nThe movie was dubbed in Telugu as Aparichitulu. Telugu director Vamsy had revealed that he was inspired to write a thriller story set in a forest after watching this movie, which eventually led him to write and direct the 1985 movie Anveshana. The hero comes to his friend's village, but learns that he is not to be seen. There is a rumour that his corpse was found. The hero is a writer and stays for some more days saying he wants to write a story. There are strange incidents happening. The hero finds out that the heroine may have killed his friend and finally the suspense is solved.\n\nSoundtrack\n\nAwards \nKarnataka State Film Awards 1978–79\n Best Screenplay – Kashinath\n Best Child Actor – Master Prakash\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n1978 films\n1970s Kannada-language films\n1970s thriller films\nIndian films\nIndian thriller films\nKannada films remade in other languages\n1978 directorial debut films\nFilms directed by Kashinath", "Boyss Toh Boyss Hain () is 2013 Hindi comedy film directed by Amit Vats and produced by Chaitannya Swami and Anup Jalota. The film features Rajkummar Rao, Anshuman Jha, Dhruv Ganesh and Samrat Arya as main characters.\n\nCast\n\nRajkummar Rao as Abhishek \nAnshuman Jha as Karan\nDhruv Ganesh as Alphanso \nSamrat Arya as Bihari\nGulshan Grover as Inspector R. U. Sharma \nDivya Dutta\nManu Rishi\nAdil Hussain\nTejaswini Kolhapure\nSharat Saxena\nVirendra Saxena\nBhanu Sri Mehra as Twinkle\n\nPlot\n\nThe movie \"Boys Toh Boys Hain\" is based on the lines of the celebrated comic book but set in Delhi instead of Riverdale. It's a movie with youthful story of four young guys who face the similar problem in their life. They are looking to fall in love but the right woman does not seem to be coming their way. The crux of the story is how they eventually find their way to their true love. All this is happening in comic way so we can say that there is laughter in the movie.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Boyss Toh Boyss Hain 2013 at Movies.Sulekha.com\n Boyss Toh Boyss Hain 2013 Movie Lyrics Full All Songs Lyrics, Movie Information & Reviews\n \n \n\n2010s Hindi-language films\nIndian romantic comedy films\n2013 films\nIndian films\n2013 romantic comedy films" ]

[ "Count Dracula", "Vampire's Baptism of Blood", "What is Vampire's Baptism of Blood?", "Van Helsing refers to the act of drinking blood by both the vampire and the victim \"the Vampire's Baptism of Blood\".", "How many people did Count Dracula drink blood from?", "Dracula bites her on at least three occasions. He also forces her to drink his blood;", "Is this happening in a movie?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Aufbau-Verlag is a German publisher. It was founded in Berlin in 1945 and became the biggest publisher in the GDR. During that time it specialised in socialist and Russian literature.\n\nIt is currently led by Matthias Koch, René Strien, and Tom Erben.\n\nFurther reading \n (NB. This publication is the author's master thesis under and Mortier, Jean at the in 1992.)\n (NB. This book is based on the author's magister thesis () at the in 1992. According to Christoph Links this work contains a number of factual errors.)\n (NB. This publication is the author's diplom thesis at the .)\n (NB. This book is based on the author's magister thesis at in 1996.)\n (NB. This book is based on the author's magister thesis at in 2006.)\n (Update 2013: , , ; Update 2012: , , ; first edition: / . . . . NB. This work is based on the author's dissertation at under the title (, ) in 2008.)\n\nExternal links \n Website\n\n1945 establishments in West Germany\nCompanies based in Berlin\nPublishing companies established in 1945\nMass media in Berlin\nPublishing companies of Germany\nBook publishing companies of Germany\nCompanies of East Germany\nGerman companies established in 1945", "The Naked Civil Servant is the title of two biographical works, both based on the life of Quentin Crisp:\n\nThe Naked Civil Servant (book) is Crisp's 1968 autobiographical book\nThe Naked Civil Servant (film) is a 1975 television film based on the book" ]

[ "Matthew Paris", "Paris as a historian" ]

[ "Mélanie Lipinska (1865–1933) was a Polish-French physician and known as a historian of women in medicine. She received recognition for her thesis Histoire des femmes médecins, which she submitted to the Académie de médecine de Paris in 1900.\n\nMélanie Lipinska was born in Ostrołęka, Poland. Although she was born in Poland, she spent the later part of her life in France. Among other places, her training was in Parisian hospitals. During Lipinska's training, she worked closely with Joséphine Joteyko, a physician and physiologist, one of the first females to become a physician in Poland. She attended the University of Paris medical school.\n\nLipinska wrote her thesis in 1900 to receive her doctorate in medicine. Her thesis included commentary on the medical writings of Hildegard of Bingen. In 1902 Lipinska received the Victor Hugo Award, a literary award, for her thesis. With this award, she was given an amount of francs. Lipinska is considered a historian of women doctors.\n\nBy 1922 Lipinska was blind.\n\nLipinska later travelled to the United States. She arrived in New York in 1922, and travelled to California where she did research on the blind for the American Society of the Blind.\n\nWorks \n Histoire des femmes médecins, depuis l’Antiquité jusqu'à nos jours. Paris, 1900\n\nReferences \n\n1865 births\n1933 deaths\nPolish women physicians\nFrench medical historians\nFrench women physicians\nBlind people from Poland\nFrench women historians", "Art Deco of the 20s and 30s is an art history book by English historian Bevis Hillier. It was initially published in 1968 by Studio Vista. The author discusses how the style of cubism, expressionism, Ancient Egyptian art, Mayan art, and so on influenced Art Deco, and how Art Deco itself changed the style of disciplines as various as modern architecture, jewelry, ceramics, tableware, metalwork, glass, textiles, and many others.\n\nContent\nWhat is Art Deco?\nHow Art Deco Developed\nThe Interregnum\nInfluence of Cubism, Expressionism, Futurism, Vorticism.\nInfluence of the Russian Ballet\nInfluence of American Indian Art\nInfluence of Ancient Egyptian Art\nThe Twenties\nThe Thirties\nThe Arts of Art Deco\nThe Revival\n\nInfluence\nAccording to historian Thomas Mellins, it was the publication of this book in 1968 that popularised the term Art Deco. Otherwise, the genre may have been referred to as Art Moderne.\n\nSee also\n\nArt Deco Architecture: Design, Decoration and Detail from the Twenties and Thirties\n Art Deco Jewelry estate jewelry\n Art Deco stamps\n International style\n List of Art Deco architecture\n Paris architecture of the Belle Époque\n Paris between the Wars (1919–1939)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nProfile on Google Books\n\nEnglish art\n1968 non-fiction books\nHistory books\nArt Deco" ]

[ "Matthew Paris", "Paris as a historian", "How did Paris become a historian", "From 1235, the point at which Wendover dropped his pen, Paris continued the history on the plan which his predecessors had followed." ]

[ "The Chicago Plan Commission is a commission implemented to promote the Plan of Chicago, often called the Burnham Plan. After official presentation of the Plan to the city on July 6, 1909, the City Council of Chicago authorized Mayor Fred A. Busse to appoint the members of the Chicago Plan Commission. On November 1, 1909, the City Council approved the appointment of 328 men selected as members of the Commission—men broadly representative of all the business and social interests of the city. Charles H. Wacker was appointed permanent chairman by the Mayor, and served until 1926, when he was succeeded by James Simpson. \n\nWalter Moody was the managing director of the Chicago Plan Commission for nine years until his death in 1920. He was succeeded for 22 years by Eugene Taylor. Moody was renowned for his ingenuity as a spokesperson for the Plan. The Encyclopedia of Chicago recounts one of his more successful acts of salesmanship: \"Moody, the salesman nonpareil, even raised the enactment of the Plan to a sacred calling. On Sunday, January 19, 1919, some 80 Chicago churches participated in what were called \"Nehemiah Day\" services. The ministers of these congregations agreed to take the words of the Old Testament prophet Nehemiah, \"Therefore we, His servants, will arise and build,\" as the basis of their sermons, in which they would advocate the implementation of the Plan of Chicago.\" Moody also prepared a textbook, Wacker's Manual of the Plan of Chicago, which taught the major aspects of the Plan to a generation of Chicago schoolchildren.\n\nThe Commission was successful at fostering relationships with politicians of several types and at encouraging voters to support its initiatives. Between 1912 and 1931, Chicagoans approved 86 Plan-related bond issues covering some 17 different projects.\n\nThe commission was reorganized in 1939, becoming part of city government. The name Chicago Plan Commission has persisted through a number of administrative reorganizations; today the Chicago Plan Commission is staffed by the city of Chicago's Department of Zoning and Land Use Planning. Its 18 members adopt plans and review certain proposed developments as advisors to the city council.\n\nSee also\nStreets and highways of Chicago\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links\nEncyclopedia of Chicago Online Plan Implementation\n\nHistory of Chicago", "Johan Albrecht Ehrenström (28 August 1762 – 15 April 1847) was a notable Finnish politician and official who is best remembered as the designer of Helsinki city plan.\n\nBiography\n\nEhrenström was a resident of what would later become Finland, in the eastern parts of the Swedish Kingdom. Following the Swedish defeat in the Finnish War in 1809, the region became a part of the Russian Empire, and the city of Helsinki was promoted to be the new capital of the new Grand Duchy of Finland. Ehrenström was selected to be the chairman of the committee in charge of rebuilding the city of Helsinki after a fire that destroyed many of its old wooden structures in 1808.\n\nIn contrast to the old medieval-style city plan with narrow and winding alleys, Ehrenström's vision for Helsinki was one of wide streets placed on a geometric grid in the fashion of the cities of ancient Greece. This plan was eventually approved by Tsar Alexander I of Russia, Grand Duke of Finland, and the city redesigned, led by German architect Carl Ludvig Engel. After the city of Oulu was devastated by fire in 1822, Ehrenström was tasked with drawing a new plan for it. This was finished in 1824 and ratified by the Tsar the following year.\n\nGallery\n\nReferences\n\nOther Source\nYrjö Reinhold Emanuel Blomstedt Johan Albrecht Ehrenström. Kustavilainen ja kaupunginrakentaja (Helsinki: 1963) Finnish\n\nExternal links\nHelsingin kaupungin Finnish\n\n1762 births\n1847 deaths\nFinnish senators" ]

[ "Matthew Paris", "Paris as a historian", "How did Paris become a historian", "From 1235, the point at which Wendover dropped his pen, Paris continued the history on the plan which his predecessors had followed.", "What was the plan?", "He derived much of his information from the letters of important people, which he sometimes inserts, but much more from conversation with the eyewitnesses of events." ]

[ "Church Historian and Recorder (usually shortened to Church Historian) is a priesthood calling in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The role of the Church Historian and Recorder is to keep an accurate and comprehensive record of the church and its activities. His office gathers history sources and preserves records, ordinances, minutes, revelations, procedures, and other documents. The Church Historian and Recorder also chairs the Historic Sites Committee and Records Management Committee, and may act as an authoritative voice of the church in historical matters.\n\nHistory\nThis office is based on revelations to Joseph Smith calling for keeping records and preparing a church history. Oliver Cowdery, the first in this position, originally recorded meeting minutes, patriarchal blessings, membership information, priesthood ordinations, and a kind of narrative church history. For a time, the callings of Church Historian and Church Recorder were separate, but in 1842 these callings were merged and now the Church Historian also acts as the Church Recorder.\n\nIn 1972, the Church Historian's Office was renamed to become the Historical Department. In 2000, this department was merged with the Family History Department to become the Family and Church History Department. On March 12, 2008, the Church Historian separated again from the Family History Department to become the Church History Department.\n\nWhile the majority of Church Historians and Recorders have been general authorities of the church, there have been some exceptions to the practice.\n\nAssistants\nChurch Historians and Recorders have often been assisted by individuals called to the position of Assistant Church Historian. Research assistants and other personnel are also usually employed within the Church Historian's Office, but the Church Historian and Assistant Church Historian(s) are the only ones to hold priesthood callings.\n\nChronology of Church Historians and Recorders\nIn the following tables, general authorities are listed in bold. The date ranges span from the sustaining date to the release date unless otherwise indicated.\n\nChurch Historian and Church Recorder\n\nChurch Historian and Recorder\n\nChurch Historical Department\nIn 1972, the Church Historian's Office was renamed to become the Historical Department. In 2000, this department was merged with the Family History Department to become the Family and Church History Department. On March 12, 2008, the Church Historian separated again from the Family History Department to become the Church History Department.\n\nExecutive Director of the Historical Department \n\nLarsen was also the first Executive Director of the Historical Department, in which he was replaced by John K. Carmack in 1989. Larsen then moved on to other assignments, such as serving in the Temple Department and Area Presidencies and was not active in any historical role, though he was still technically the Church Historian until his release from the Seventy in 1997.\n\nWhile holding the office of Church Historian, and afterward, others succeeded Larsen as Executive Directors of the Historical Department. During this time, these men stood in for the Church Historian and were sometimes referred to with that title.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\n \n — summary of the role of the Assistant Church Historian\n \n\n1831 establishments in the United States\n1831 in Christianity\nHistory of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints\nHistory of the Latter Day Saint movement\nLeadership positions in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints", "The Church History Department (CHD) manages the historical and publishing activities of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). This includes the Church History Museum, Church Historian’s Press, and various research and collection projects. LeGrand R. Curtis, Jr., an LDS Church general authority, has been the Church Historian and Recorder (CHR) since August 1, 2019.\n\nHistory\nThe position of CHR is based on revelations Joseph Smith said he received, which are included in the Doctrine and Covenants, calling for keeping records and preparing a church history. Oliver Cowdery, the first in this position, originally recorded meeting minutes, patriarchal blessings, membership information, priesthood ordinations, and a narrative church history. For a time, the callings of Church Historian and Church Recorder were separate, but in 1842 these callings were merged and now the Church Historian also acts as the Church Recorder.\n\nIn 1972, the Church Historian's Office was renamed as the Historical Department. In 2000, this department was merged with the Family History Department to become the Family and Church History Department. On March 12, 2008, the Church Historian separated again from the Family History Department to become the CHD.\n\nA new Church History Library (CHL) was constructed in 2009 and it holds a collection that includes 600,000 photos, 270,000 books, pamphlets, magazines and newspapers, 240,000 collections of original, unpublished records, journals, diaries, correspondence and minutes, 23,000 audio-visual items, 4,000 oral histories and millions of digitized pages.\n\nMarlin K. Jensen\nUnder the leadership of Marlin K. Jensen, who served as CHR from 2005 to 2012, the CHD embarked on a number of projects including The Joseph Smith Papers, construction of the CHL, the Family and Church History Department dividing into the Family History Department and the CHD, and numerous additional changes.\n Technological modernization: Thousands of the LDS Church's historical documents were mass digitized and made freely available online, including the Joseph Smith Papers. Historian Jan Shipps called this \"a change that is so epochal it would be very hard to turn it back.\" In addition to developing a new church-wide system for digitally collecting and managing records, the CHL's searchable catalog was made available online.\n International history: The CHD decentralized its collecting of international church history. Church Historians were called for individual areas and countries, and oral histories were to be gathered from mission presidents and area presidents when they were released. Before this time, little had been done to gather international church history. Jensen saw this project as \"one of the significant accomplishments in this period of time.\"\n Historical professionalism: Jensen worked to make the CHD authoritative and trusted within the church, as well as by \"historians who write from different points of view\". Jensen strained to make archive materials more publicly available and to set the tone of \"unflinching honesty ... for a whole new generation of LDS academics.\" He attended academic conferences and was the first LDS general authority at the Mormon History Association annual meeting.\n\nChurch Historian and Recorder\nThe CHR is a priesthood calling in LDS Church, with its role being to keep an accurate and comprehensive record of the church and its activities. The CHR gathers history sources and preserves records, ordinances, minutes, revelations, procedures, and other documents. On April 10, 2019 LeGrand R. Curtis, Jr., who had been serving as an Assistant Executive Director of the CHD, was announced to replace Steven E. Snow as the CHR. Snow will be released from full-time service and designated as an emeritus general authority in October 2019.\n\nChurch History Museum\nA museum of church history was planned as early as 1843 in Nauvoo, Illinois. The current Church History Museum in Salt Lake City, Utah was opened in April 1984. A major proponent of the creation of the church museum was Florence S. Jacobsen, a church curator and a former Young Women General President. The Museum underwent a major renovation in 2015 and since its opening 30 year prior had welcomed more than 7.5 million visitors, hosted more than 100 different exhibits, and sponsored nine editions of the International Art Competition.\n\nChurch Historian’s Press\nThe Church Historian’s Press was announced in 2008 by the Church History Department. The Joseph Smith Papers was the first publication to bear the imprint. The press publishes works of Latter-day Saint history, documentary editing projects—which offer direct access to primary documents—narrative histories, and topical studies.\n\nPublications\nSaints: The Story of the Church of Jesus Christ in the Latter Days (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, September 4, 2018)\nAt the Pulpit: 185 Years of Discourses by Latter-Day Saint Women edited by Kate Holbrook and Jennifer Reeder (Church Historian's Press, March 1, 2017, )\nThe First Fifty Years of Relief Society: Key Documents in Latter-day Saint Women's History edited by Jill Mulvay Derr, Carol Cornwall Madsen, Kate Holbrook, and Matthew J. Grow (Church Historian's Press, February 19, 2016, )\nThe Joseph Smith Papers edited by Dean C. Jessee, Mark Ashurst-McGee, and Richard L. Jensen (Church Historian's Press, September 1, 2008, )\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Church History Official Website\n\nHistory of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints\nOrganizational subdivisions of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints" ]

[ "Matthew Paris", "Paris as a historian", "How did Paris become a historian", "From 1235, the point at which Wendover dropped his pen, Paris continued the history on the plan which his predecessors had followed.", "What was the plan?", "He derived much of his information from the letters of important people, which he sometimes inserts, but much more from conversation with the eyewitnesses of events.", "was being a historian related to the church", "The king knew that Paris was writing a history, and wanted it to be as exact as possible. In 1257, in the course of a week's visit to St Albans," ]

[ "\"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, Affection. It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan.\n\nIn 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Affection and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology. They were also featured on The Collection 1989–2003 box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales.\n\nCritical reception\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. Matthew Hocter from Albumism viewed it as a \"upbeat offering\". David Giles from Music Week said it is \"beautifully performed\" by Stansfield. A reviewer from Reading Eagle wrote that \"What Did I Do to You?\" \"would be right at home on the \"Saturday Night Fever\" soundtrack.\"\n\nMusic video\nA music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Philip Richardson, who had previously directed the videos for \"All Around the World\" and \"Live Together\". It features Stansfield with her kiss curls, dressed in a white outfit and performing with her band on a stage in front of a jumping audience. The video was later published on Stansfield's official YouTube channel in November 2009. It has amassed more than 1,6 million views as of October 2021.\n\nTrack listings\n\n European/UK 7\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK/Japanese CD single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n UK 10\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix) – 5:52\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK 12\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 4:22\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 3:19\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:15\n\n UK 12\" promotional single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Anti Poll Tax Dub) – 6:31\n\n Other remixes\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Red Zone Mix) – 7:45\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nLisa Stansfield songs\n1990 singles\nSongs written by Lisa Stansfield\n1989 songs\nArista Records singles\nSongs written by Ian Devaney\nSongs written by Andy Morris (musician)", "\"What Would Steve Do?\" is the second single released by Mumm-Ra on Columbia Records, which was released on February 19, 2007. It is a re-recorded version of the self-release they did in April 2006. It reached #40 in the UK Singles Chart, making it their highest charting single.\n\nTrack listings\nAll songs written by Mumm-Ra.\n\nCD\n\"What Would Steve Do?\"\n\"Cute As\"\n\"Without You\"\n\n7\"\n\"What Would Steve Do?\"\n\"What Would Steve Do? (Floorboard Mix)\"\n\nGatefold 7\"\n\"What Would Steve Do?\"\n\"Cute As\"\n\nReferences\n\n2007 singles\nMumm-Ra (band) songs\n2006 songs\nColumbia Records singles" ]

[ "Matthew Paris", "Paris as a historian", "How did Paris become a historian", "From 1235, the point at which Wendover dropped his pen, Paris continued the history on the plan which his predecessors had followed.", "What was the plan?", "He derived much of his information from the letters of important people, which he sometimes inserts, but much more from conversation with the eyewitnesses of events.", "was being a historian related to the church", "The king knew that Paris was writing a history, and wanted it to be as exact as possible. In 1257, in the course of a week's visit to St Albans,", "what did he do in 1257", "In 1257, in the course of a week's visit to St Albans, Henry kept the chronicler beside him night and day, \"and guided my pen,\" says Paris," ]

[ "What Else Do You Do? (A Compilation of Quiet Music) is a various artists compilation album, released in 1990 by Shimmy Disc.\n\nTrack listing\n\nPersonnel \nAdapted from the What Else Do You Do? (A Compilation of Quiet Music) liner notes.\n Kramer – production, engineering\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\n1990 compilation albums\nAlbums produced by Kramer (musician)\nShimmy Disc compilation albums", "Fiction is the Comsat Angels' third album, released in August 1982 on Polydor Records. The album has been reissued on CD three times: in 1995 by RPM Records, in 2006 by Renascent and in 2015 by Edsel Records, with different track listings (see below). The album peaked at No. 94 in the UK charts in September 1982.\n\nFiction was less gloomy than the Comsats' previous album, Sleep No More. Frontman Stephen Fellows said of the change: \"I certainly didn't want to make another record as intense as Sleep No More — at least not immediately. Sleep No More was so dark that I felt it skewed things a bit — possibly even mentally for me. I just felt if we carried on in that direction it'd lead to madness or maybe even something worse\".\n\nFellows was satisfied with many of the songs on Fiction, including \"What Else!?\", \"Pictures\" and \"After the Rain\", but felt that the album as a whole could have been better. \"We were a bit short of tunes when we recorded it\", he said. \"We were touring quite a bit after Sleep No More and there wasn't as much time to write as I would have liked\".\n\nTrack listing (1982) \nAll tracks written by Fellows/Glaisher/Bacon/Peake.\n\n\"After the Rain\"\n\"Zinger\"\n\"Now I Know\"\n\"Not a Word\"\n\"Ju Ju Money\"\n\"More\"\n\"Pictures\"\n\"Birdman\"\n\"Don't Look Now\"\n\"What Else!?\"\n\nTrack listing (1995) \nAll tracks written by Fellows/Glaisher/Bacon/Peake.\n\n\"After the Rain\"\n\"Zinger\"\n\"Now I Know\"\n\"Not a Word\"\n\"Ju Ju Money\"\n\"More\"\n\"Pictures\"\n\"Birdman\"\n\"Don't Look Now\"\n\"What Else!?\"\n\"It's History\"\n\"After the Rain\" (Remix)\n\"Private Party\"\n\"Mass\"\n\nTrack listing (2006) \nAll tracks written by Fellows/Glaisher/Bacon/Peake.\n\n\"After the Rain\"\n\"Zinger\"\n\"Now I Know\"\n\"Not a Word\"\n\"Ju Ju Money\"\n\"More\"\n\"Pictures\"\n\"Birdman\"\n\"Don't Look Now\"\n\"What Else!?\"\n\"(Do The) Empty House\"\n\"Red Planet Revisited\"\n\"It's History\"\n\"Private Party\"\n\"For Your Information\"\n\"After the Rain\" (Remix)\n\"(Do The) Empty House\" (Live)\n\"What Else!?\" (Live)\n\nTrack listing (2015) \nAll tracks written by Fellows/Glaisher/Bacon/Peake.\n\nDisc 1\n\"After the Rain\"\n\"Zinger\"\n\"Now I Know\"\n\"Not a Word\"\n\"Ju Ju Money\"\n\"More\"\n\"Pictures\"\n\"Birdman\"\n\"Don't Look Now\"\n\"What Else!?\"\n\nDisc 2 – bonus tracks\n\"(Do The) Empty House\"\n\"Red Planet Revisited\"\n\"It's History\"\n\"Private Party\"\n\"For Your Information\"\n\"After the Rain\" (Remix)\n\nJohn Peel Session\n\"Now I Know\"\n\"Ju Ju Money\"\n\"Our Secret\"\n\"Goat of the West\"\n\nPersonnel \nThe Comsat Angels\nStephen Fellows – vocals, guitar, artwork\nAndy Peake – synthesizer, vocals\nKevin Bacon – bass guitar\nMik Glaisher – drums\n\nReferences \n\n1982 albums\nThe Comsat Angels albums\nPolydor Records albums" ]

[ "Matthew Paris", "Paris as a historian", "How did Paris become a historian", "From 1235, the point at which Wendover dropped his pen, Paris continued the history on the plan which his predecessors had followed.", "What was the plan?", "He derived much of his information from the letters of important people, which he sometimes inserts, but much more from conversation with the eyewitnesses of events.", "was being a historian related to the church", "The king knew that Paris was writing a history, and wanted it to be as exact as possible. In 1257, in the course of a week's visit to St Albans,", "what did he do in 1257", "In 1257, in the course of a week's visit to St Albans, Henry kept the chronicler beside him night and day, \"and guided my pen,\" says Paris,", "what else did he do in 1257", "Richards Luard supposes that Paris never intended his work to be read in its present form. Many passages of the autograph have written next to them," ]

[ "Balesar Satan is a village in Jodhpur district, Rajasthan, India. It is a panchayat village and headquarters of the Balesar tehsil.\n\nGeography\nBalesar is located in the Thar Desert at an elevation of 230 meters above mean sea level. The village is on National Highway 125 between Jodhpur and Jaisalmer.\n\n*BALESAR* \n\nBalesar village in Jodhpur Rajasthan , balesar name keep based on Bal ji.\n\n*Who’s Balji*\n\nBal ji was Bhundad he was also a Rajuput , bal ji belongs from Gujarat , when bal ji was child that time his family came Kantalia village , due to some reason his family died there when he was 10years old,there full area was Rajputana (Inda) , after that Rajput family had done his upbringing, when they had Adult want to his marry , Rajput was goes to a suthar family for Bal ji marry with a suthar family but Suthar was not agreed to marry with him they are thinking Rajput are cheating with him,\n\nThan Rajput to compass his marry with Rajput girl only .\n\nThan Bal ji married with a Rajput girl marriage by Kantalia Rajput (Inda) .\n\nThey are work known Carpentry work only they had done all his area carpentry work in free of cost .\n\nWhen they old on the verge of death all Rajput assembled his house they had take a decision about Bal ji , Real believe in brother & keep village name on his name *BALESAR* ,  Rajput their hukumat divide in two parts half Hukumat in Rajput (Inda) hand & half hukumat in Bal ji family hand ! \n\nHalf *Tambapatra* given to bal ji.\n\nDemographics\nIn the 2001 India census, the village of Balesar Satan reported 70000 inhabitants with 5,087 (%) being male and 4,465 (%) being female, for a gender ratio of 920 females per thousand males.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nVillages in Jodhpur district", "Frank Masini (born April 14, 1944) is an Italian-American serial killer and necrophile who robbed, raped, and murdered four elderly people in Ocean and Essex County, New Jersey between 1991 and 1992. He was convicted of these crimes and was sentenced to life imprisonment, which he is currently serving at New Jersey State Prison.\n\nEarly life \nMasini was born on April 14, 1944, in Naples, Italy. When he was 17, he moved to the United States, settling in Livingston, New Jersey. Little is known about his early life, but Masini was convicted of burglary sometime in 1966. After his release, he began working in low skilled labor, but was able to get married and father two children.\n\nMurders \nOn November 24, 1991, Masini visited his aunt, 85-year-old Anna Masini at her home to use the telephone, but eventually started up a conversation with her, in which the two chatted over soft drinks. After finishing, he attacked Anna with a knife, stabbing her in the neck repeatedly until her death. Afterwards he sexually assaulted the body and fled the home. Anna's body was eventually found on November 27, but Masini would not become a suspect in that murder, and it sat unsolved for the next year while Masini continued his travels. On December 11, 1991, Masini was prowling through East Orange, when he entered the home of 79-year-old Angelina Ialeggio. Ialeggio was known to Masini, who was a relative via marriage. While at the home, Masini grabbed a knife, and like the first victim, he began a violent attack on Angelina, in which he sexually assaulted her while stabbing her. After the killing Masini pocketed money and left the home. \n\nA year later, On November 24, 1992, Masini went to the home of 81-year-old Michael Krieger and his wife 78-year-old Betty, a retired couple living in West Orange. The couple was expected to attend a Thanksgiving party in New York the next day when they agreed to let Masini do some house work. Masini had done Carpentry work at their house in the past, since the 1980s. Masini first attacked Michael with a letter opener after discussing floor work. When Betty came to see what was going on, Masini attempted to hide, but when she saw what he had done to Michael, Masini stabbed her in the back. The next day, the Krieger's son reported to the police to pay a visit to their home, and they discovered the bodies. In the initial investigation, they found items from the home had been stolen. Since no evidence of forced entry could be found, police focused their investigation on people possibly close to the Kriegers. Masini, who was known to have done carpentry work the couple was questioned, but insisted he had nothing to do with it. However, after police located a bloody footprint the killer left behind at the home, they matched it to a pair of boots that Masini owned, and he was arrested.\n\nTrial and imprisonment \nWhile Masini was in jail, police and other authorities searched his home in Orange, and found his wife to be wearing a ring which Angelina Ialeggio had owned, thus, on December 23, Masini was charged with Ialeggio's murder, holding him at a $1,000,000 bail. Detectives began a careful examination of Masini's movements, and they thus connected him to unsolved murder of his aunt Anna in November 1991. He pleaded not guilty to all charges, despite the overwhelming evidence; each victim Masini was acquainted with, all were killed on a Wednesday, all were elderly, the female victims had been sexually assaulted, and all were stabbed in the neck. Subsequently, Masini went under two psychiatric tests, all which confirmed he was competent to stand trial.\n\nOver time, however, Masini eventually turned over his plea, and admitted what he had done, thus the possibility of the death penalty was thrown away, and other charges, such as robbery and sexual assault were dropped. During his sentencing, Masini exchanged to Judge Joseph Falcon \"I need help. Please help me. I am very sorry. God forgive me\". Masini was initially sentenced to life imprisonment for the murders, with the possibility of parole after serving 60 years.\n\nSee also \n List of serial killers in the United States\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n New Jersey Department of Corrections Information\n\nLiving people\n1944 births\n20th-century American criminals\nAmerican male criminals\nMale serial killers\nItalian serial killers\nAmerican people convicted of murder\nAmerican prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment\nPeople convicted of murder by New Jersey\nPrisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by New Jersey\n1991 murders in the United States\n1992 murders in the United States\nViolence against women in the United States\nPrisoners and detainees of New Jersey\nAmerican people convicted of robbery\nAmerican people convicted of burglary\nAmerican rapists\nNecrophiles" ]

[ "Matthew Paris", "Paris as a historian", "How did Paris become a historian", "From 1235, the point at which Wendover dropped his pen, Paris continued the history on the plan which his predecessors had followed.", "What was the plan?", "He derived much of his information from the letters of important people, which he sometimes inserts, but much more from conversation with the eyewitnesses of events.", "was being a historian related to the church", "The king knew that Paris was writing a history, and wanted it to be as exact as possible. In 1257, in the course of a week's visit to St Albans,", "what did he do in 1257", "In 1257, in the course of a week's visit to St Albans, Henry kept the chronicler beside him night and day, \"and guided my pen,\" says Paris,", "what else did he do in 1257", "Richards Luard supposes that Paris never intended his work to be read in its present form. Many passages of the autograph have written next to them,", "What happeend with his work when he was done", "the Historia Anglorum (written about 1253), Paris's real feelings must have been an open secret." ]

[ "\"Finer Feelings\" is a song by Kylie Minogue. It was the final release from Let's Get to It and was actually planned as the follow-up to \"Word Is Out\", but was held back after the release of \"If You Were with Me Now\". \"Finer Feelings\" finally appeared in April 1992, remixed by Brothers in Rhythm (whom Minogue would continue collaborating with throughout the 1990s, and continued with Steve Anderson into the present), and narrowly missed out on the top ten, peaking at number eleven on the UK charts.\n\nIn Australia, \"Finer Feelings\" became her lowest-charting single at that point, reaching number sixty on its debut in the ARIA top 100 singles chart for the week ending 5 July 1992. Other than a re-release of \"Better the Devil You Know\" in 1998, \"Finer Feelings\" remained Kylie's only single to miss the top 50 in Australia until her 2010 single \"Get Outta My Way\", which peaked at number sixty-nine.\n\n\"Finer Feelings\" remains a fan favourite and Minogue has performed excerpts of the song during her KylieFever2002 and Showgirl Homecoming tours although it was not included on her hits compilations, Ultimate Kylie, The Best of Kylie Minogue or Step Back In Time: The Definitive Collection. The B-side \"Closer\" is different from the song of the same title that would appear on her 2010 album Aphrodite.\n\nThe song was re-recorded in 2011 and posted onto Kylie Minogue's official YouTube channel on 25 January 2012. It is featured on The Abbey Road Sessions.\n\nCritical reception\nBrittany Porter from AXS listed the track as one of her five most underrated songs. Writing for Digital Spy, Nick Levine called it a \"hidden gem\" and stated: \"At least five tunes are in contention, 'Finer Feelings' sneaks it for showing that Kylie could be sexier and more sophisticated than ever before without skimping on the chorus.\" Music Week stated that it is Minogue \"at her most mature and reflective\", and added that \"percussive and rhythmic accentuation are subtle rather than florid, and Kylie's vocal is amongst her best. Sweetly melancholic, and if she does now move on from PWL, it's a fine note to leave on\".\n\nMusic video\nThe music video was once again directed by Dave Hogan (who previously worked with Minogue on \"What Do I Have to Do?\" and \"Shocked\") and shot entirely in Paris with a 1930s/40s feel.\n\nFormats and track listings\nThese are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \"Finer Feelings\".\n\nCD single\n\"Finer Feelings\" (Brothers in Rhythm 7\" mix) – 3:47\n\"Finer Feelings\" (Brothers in Rhythm 12\" mix) – 6:47\n\"Finer Feelings\" (original mix/album version) – 3:55\n\"Closer\" (The Pleasure Mix)\n\nCassette single\n\"Finer Feelings\" (Brothers in Rhythm 7\" mix) – 3:47\n\"Closer\" (edit)\n\n7-inch single\n\"Finer Feelings\" (Brothers in Rhythm 7\" mix) – 3:47\n\"Closer\" (edit)\n\n12-inch single\n\"Finer Feelings\" (Brothers in Rhythm 12\" mix) – 6:47\n\"Closer\" (The Pleasure Mix)\n\nLive performances\nMinogue performed the song on the following concert tours and events:\n Let's Get to It Tour\n KylieFever2002 (as part of \"The Crying Game Ballad Medley\")\n Showgirl: The Homecoming Tour (short Interlude performed by backing singers during \"Samsara\" section)\n BBC Proms in the Park 2012 (orchestral version of the song)\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n1992 singles\nKylie Minogue songs\nPop ballads\nSongs written by Pete Waterman\nSongs written by Mike Stock (musician)\n1991 songs\nPete Waterman Entertainment singles\nNew jack swing songs\nContemporary R&B ballads\nBlack-and-white music videos", "Raymonde Allain (22 June 1912 – 27 July 2008) was a French model and actress. She was Miss France in 1928. Her participation in the Miss Universe contest drew international media attention, and her controversial loss to American Ella Van Hueson prompted critical dispute over what counted as \"real beauty\". Allain later wrote an autobiography titled Histoire vraie d'un prix de beauté.\n\nSelected filmography\n The Tunnel (1933)\n The Pearls of the Crown (1937)\n The Paris Waltz (1950)\n\nBibliography\n Histoire vraie d'un prix de beauté, Gallimard, 1933,\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1912 births\n2008 deaths\nFrench film actresses\nFrench stage actresses\nFrench female models\nActresses from Paris\n20th-century French actresses\nModels from Paris" ]

[ "Matthew Paris", "Paris as a historian", "How did Paris become a historian", "From 1235, the point at which Wendover dropped his pen, Paris continued the history on the plan which his predecessors had followed.", "What was the plan?", "He derived much of his information from the letters of important people, which he sometimes inserts, but much more from conversation with the eyewitnesses of events.", "was being a historian related to the church", "The king knew that Paris was writing a history, and wanted it to be as exact as possible. In 1257, in the course of a week's visit to St Albans,", "what did he do in 1257", "In 1257, in the course of a week's visit to St Albans, Henry kept the chronicler beside him night and day, \"and guided my pen,\" says Paris,", "what else did he do in 1257", "Richards Luard supposes that Paris never intended his work to be read in its present form. Many passages of the autograph have written next to them,", "What happeend with his work when he was done", "the Historia Anglorum (written about 1253), Paris's real feelings must have been an open secret.", "what were paris's real feelings", "Many passages of the autograph have written next to them, the note offendiculum, which shows that the writer understood the danger which he ran." ]

[ "Dangerous is the first live album by American stand-up comedian and satirist Bill Hicks, released in 1990 on the New York-based label Invasion Records. The album was recorded over two nights at Caroline's in New York City.\n\nNearly all of this material was previously performed in Hicks' Sane Man special in 1989.\n\nThe album sold about 5,000 units.\n\nHicks explained the title to the Los Angeles Times by referencing a quote he attributed to Thomas Jefferson, although the veracity of the quote is not confirmed.[Jefferson's] quote was \"No idea is dangerous to society wherein that idea can be openly discussed.\" That's why the album is called \"Dangerous,\" because I'm discussing drugs and things drugs do.\n\nIn 1997, Rykodisc issued remastered versions of both Dangerous and its follow-up, Relentless, on CD, as well as the posthumous albums Arizona Bay and Rant in E-Minor.\n\nTrack listing\nAll tracks by Bill Hicks\n\nPersonnel\nNancy Albino – Engineer\nPeter Casperson – Producer, Executive Producer\nMatt Hathaway – Engineer\t\nSteven Saporta – Executive Producer\nSam Smith – Editing\nJoel Soyffer – Editing, Mixing\n\nReferences\n\nBill Hicks albums\n1990 live albums\n1990s comedy albums\nLive comedy albums\nSpoken word albums by American artists\nLive spoken word albums\nStand-up comedy albums", "Work That Body may refer to:\n\"Work That Body\", a 1979 song by Taana Gardner\n\"Work That Body\", a song by Diana Ross from her 1981 album Why Do Fools Fall in Love\n\"Work That Body\", a song by Beni Arashiro from her single \"Cherish\"\t\n\"Work That Body\", an unreleased song by Michael Jackson that was recorded during the sessions for his 1991 album Dangerous that was subsequently leaked.\nWork That Body!, a book and video by exercise teacher Jackie Genova" ]

[ "Matthew Paris", "Paris as a historian", "How did Paris become a historian", "From 1235, the point at which Wendover dropped his pen, Paris continued the history on the plan which his predecessors had followed.", "What was the plan?", "He derived much of his information from the letters of important people, which he sometimes inserts, but much more from conversation with the eyewitnesses of events.", "was being a historian related to the church", "The king knew that Paris was writing a history, and wanted it to be as exact as possible. In 1257, in the course of a week's visit to St Albans,", "what did he do in 1257", "In 1257, in the course of a week's visit to St Albans, Henry kept the chronicler beside him night and day, \"and guided my pen,\" says Paris,", "what else did he do in 1257", "Richards Luard supposes that Paris never intended his work to be read in its present form. Many passages of the autograph have written next to them,", "What happeend with his work when he was done", "the Historia Anglorum (written about 1253), Paris's real feelings must have been an open secret.", "what were paris's real feelings", "Many passages of the autograph have written next to them, the note offendiculum, which shows that the writer understood the danger which he ran.", "why was it dangerous", "Paris's real feelings must have been an open secret. There is no ground for the old theory that he was an official historiographer." ]

[ "\"Come, all ye jolly tinner boys\" is a traditional folk song associated with Cornwall that was written about 1807, when Napoleon Bonaparte made threats that would affect trade in Cornwall at the time of the invasion of Poland. The song contains the line Why forty thousand Cornish boys shall knawa the reason why.\n\nAccording to Cornish historian Robert Morton Nance, it was possibly the inspiration for R. S. Hawker's \"The Song of the Western Men\" which was written in 1824 and contains a strikingly similar line: Here's twenty thousand Cornish men will know the reason why!\n\nLyrics\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nThe Reason Why article from Old Cornwall by Robert Morton Nance.\n\nCornish folk songs\nCornish patriotic songs", "\"Why I Am\" is a song by Dave Matthews Band from their album Big Whiskey & the GrooGrux King\n\nWhy I Am and Why I Am Not may refer to:\n\nWhy I Am\nWhy I Am an Atheist, an essay by Indian revolutionary Bhagat Singh, published in 1930.\nWhy I Am Still a Christian is a book by Catholic theologian Hans Küng, published in 1987.\nWhy I Am a Christian, is a 2003 book by English author John Stott.\n Why I Am an Atheist is an essay by Indian revolutionary Bhagat Singh, published in 1930.\n\nWhy I Am Not\n Why I Am Not a Conservative, an essay by Austrian School economist Friedrich Hayek, published in 1960.\n Why I Am Not a Christian, by historian and philosopher Richard Carrier\n Why I Am Not a Communist, by Karel Čapek, a 1924 essay in Přítomnost magazine.\n Why I Am Not a Conservative is an essay by Austrian School economist Friedrich Hayek, published in 1960.\n Why I Am Not a Hindu, a 1996 book in a similar vein by Kancha Ilaiah, an activist opposed to the Indian caste system.\n Why I Am Not a Muslim, by Ibn Warraq, is a 1995 book also critical of the religion in which the author was brought up — in this case, Islam. The author mentions Why I Am Not a Christian towards the end of the first chapter, stating that many of its arguments also apply to Islam.\n Why I Am Not a Property Dualist, an essay by John Searle in which he criticises the philosophical position of property dualism.\n Why I Am Not a Scientist (2009) , by biological anthropologist Jonathan M. Marks\n\nSimilar titles\n How I Stopped Being a Jew, is a 2014 book by Israeli historian Shlomo Sand." ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "Early years" ]

[ "Stevie Hunter is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Her first appearance was in The Uncanny X-Men #139 as a surprise dance teacher for the newest X-Man/Student, Kitty Pryde, a.k.a. Shadowcat. She has continued to make some scattered appearance in X-Men comic books.\n\nFictional character biography\nStevie Hunter was a professional dancer, but an injury to her knee ruined her career and forced her to discontinue her dancing full-time. As an alternative, she began teaching dance classes at a studio in Salem Center, her most notable student being Kitty Pryde. Stevie quickly became a best friend to Kitty, and on occasions made Storm, who had unofficially taken up the mantle of Kitty's surrogate mother, slightly jealous of the attention that Kitty gave to Stevie.\n\nAt one point, Stevie and Storm attended a ballet performance at the Metropolitan Opera House, where Stevie was captured and taken hostage by Arcade's assistant Miss Locke and later rescued by the X-Men. Upon this incident, Stevie learned about the true identities of Kitty, Ororo and their friends, and became an ally of the X-Men and privy to their secrets. She later began physical education classes with the rookie New Mutants, focusing on ballet. She would continue these sessions over the years.\n\nStevie has tried to stay out of the fights the mutants get in, but has become involved in a few nevertheless. In one case, she and the New Mutants were involved in a fight against the demon S'ym, who attacks them inside the X-Mansion. In trying to get a rattled Magik away from the fight, she ends up face to face with the demon. Her life was saved only by the magical might of Illyana herself, turning the demon's loyalties. Even then S'ym offered to kill Stevie for knowing too much.\n\nIn a later incident, Stevie was present when forces from Genosha attacked the X-Mansion. She made it through a trapdoor to safety below, but unfortunately Storm, Warlock, Rictor, Boom-Boom and Wolfsbane, one of her original students, were kidnapped. Stevie did not go on the rescue mission.\n\nIn one of her last major appearances, the Shadow King had taken over the mind of Peter Rasputin, Illyana's brother. Stevie helps Professor X stay one step ahead of Peter, until they can get to the mansion's Danger Room. This allows them to subdue Peter without harming him.\n\nIn X-Men Gold, Stevie Hunter reappears as a Congresswoman attempting to assist Kitty's X-Men in presenting the mutant case during a governmental proposition for an unjust Mutant Deportation Act.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \nUncanny Xmen.net Database\n\nCharacters created by Chris Claremont\nComics characters introduced in 1980\nCharacters created by John Byrne (comics)\nFictional African-American people\nFictional dancers\nFictional schoolteachers\nMarvel Comics female characters\nX-Men supporting characters", "\"They Won't Go When I Go\" is a song co-written and performed by Stevie Wonder from his 1974 album Fulfillingness' First Finale.\n\nThis song is the only one on the album that Wonder did not write by himself. His co-writer was Yvonne Wright, who co-wrote songs with Wonder for other albums.\n\nWonder performed this song, along with \"Never Dreamed You'd Leave in Summer\", at Michael Jackson's memorial service on July 7, 2009.\n\nComposition\nThe song has been considered a \"retro composition\", where comparisons of the piano part to the style of Chopin and the Baroque passacaglia or chaconne technique—a repeating bassline in a minor key and in triple metre—can be drawn. The song is also noted to have a \"funeral march\" like tone. There is clear allusion to the 1850 German chorale tune \"O mein Jesu,\" the setting of Thomas Kelly's 1805 Protestant hymn \"Stricken, smitten, and afflicted.\" Critics noted that the song takes a more dramatic tone than most of Wonder's other compositions. The fact that the song specifically says \"They won't go when I go\" was said to imply the friends Wonder is talking about may get to heaven eventually, just not before he does. Interpreted more broadly as a hymn, the song is the cry not just of Wonder, but the faithful in general, awaiting a second coming where they are taken and others are not. Many consider this song to be a dark consequence of Stevie's 1973 car accident.\n\nCovers\n George Michael covered the song for his second solo album, Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1 in 1990.\n Kanye West opened his set at the Museum of Modern Art's \"Party in the Garden\" event with a cover of it on May 10, 2011.\n Camille recorded it for her second studio album, I Sing Stevie: The Stevie Wonder Songbook in 2014, which received an Independent Music Award nomination for Best Tribute Album.\n Chance the Rapper did a cover of it as part of a surprise NPR Tiny Desk Concert in early June 2017.\n\nReferences\n\nStevie Wonder songs\nGeorge Michael songs\nSongs written by Stevie Wonder\nPop ballads\n1974 songs\nSong recordings produced by Stevie Wonder" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "Early years", "When did Stevie get started?", "1969," ]

[ "Stories to Tell is the fifth studio album released by singer-songwriter Dave Barnes. A lot like his older albums, Stories To Tell has a mix of pop, country, rock, and soul. The album was recorded in Los Angeles and was the first time Barnes has recorded an album outside of his hometown of Nashville. The producer of the album was John Fields. Fields has produced with other bands including Lifehouse, Switchfoot, Goo Goo Dolls, and Pink. This was his fourth release on Razor & Tie record label, his previous release, What We Want, What We Get, was a success.\n\nReception\nWithin a week of the album being released, it was already #11 on the iTunes top Singer/Songwriter page. On March 31, 2012, the album was #59 on the Billboard 200 chart.\n\nTrack listing\n \"White Flag\" – 3:23\n \"How Long\" – 3:02\n \"Mine To Love\" – 3:45\n \"Heaven Help Me\" – 2:56\n \"Love Will Be Enough For Us\" – 3:45\n \"Seventeen\" – 3:41\n \"Missing You\" – 3:21\n \"Find Your Way Home\" – 3:00\n \"Stories To Tell\" – 3:27\n \"Warm Heart In a Cold World\" – 4:09\n \"One of Us\" – 3:47\n \"Baby Needs New Shoes\" – 3:22 (iTunes exclusive)\n\nReferences\n\nDave Barnes albums\n2012 albums", "Feel What U Feel is a children's album by American musician Lisa Loeb. The album was released on October 7, 2016, and the album's first single was \"Feel What U Feel.\" The album won Best Children's Album at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards.\n\nRelease \nThe album was announced on September 8, 2016 with the release of the lead single \"Feel What U Feel,\" featuring Craig Robinson. The album was then released by Furious Rose Productions on October 7, 2016 as an Amazon Music exclusive.\n\nPromotion \nLisa Loeb Embarked a small tour to promote the Children's album in the Fall of 2016 & Winter of 2017. Despite going on a children's tour, Lisa performed many of her \"Adult\" and \"Older\" songs. Lisa also constantly played her songs on \"Kids Place Live Radio\" for nearly 1 year after release.\n\nSingles \n\"Feel What U Feel\" was released as the album's lead single of September 8, 2016. The second single, \"Moon Star Pie (It's Gunna Be Alright)\" was released on October 7, 2016. The third single, \"Wanna Do Day\" ft. Ed Helms was released on January 12, 2017. The fourth and final single of the album, \"The Sky Is Always Blue\" was released on March 13, 2017.\n\nTrack listing\n\nReferences \n\n2016 albums\nChildren's music albums\nLisa Loeb albums" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "Early years", "When did Stevie get started?", "1969,", "What was his first album?", "1970s," ]

[ "Grow Up may refer to:\nAdvance in age\nProgress toward psychological maturity\nGrow Up (book), a 2007 book by Keith Allen\nGrow Up (video game), 2016 video game\n\nMusic\nGrow Up (Desperate Journalist album), 2017\nGrow Up (The Queers album), 1990\nGrow Up (Svoy album), 2011\nGrow Up, a 2015 EP by HALO\n\"Grow Up\" (Olly Murs song)\n\"Grow Up\" (Paramore song)\n\"Grow Up\" (Simple Plan song)\n\"Grow Up\", a song by Rockwell\n\"Grow Up\", a song from the Bratz album Rock Angelz\n\"Grow Up\", a song by Cher Lloyd from Sticks and Stones\n\nSee also\nGrowing Up (disambiguation)\nGrow Up, Tony Phillips, a 2013 film by Emily Hagins", "\"When I Grow Up\" is the second single from Swedish recording artist Fever Ray's self-titled debut album, Fever Ray (2009).\n\nCritical reception\nPitchfork Media placed \"When I Grow Up\" at number 36 on the website's list of The Top 100 Tracks of 2009.\n\nMusic video\nThe music video for \"When I Grow Up\" was directed by Martin de Thurah. He said of the video's visual statement:\n\n\"That initial idea was something about something coming out of water—something which was about to take form – a state turning into something new. And a double headed creature not deciding which to turn. But the idea had to take a simpler form, to let the song grow by itself. I remembered a photo I took in Croatia two years ago, a swimming pool with its shining blue color in a grey foggy autumn landscape.\"\n\nThe video premiered on Fever Ray's YouTube channel on 19 February 2009. It has received over 12 million views as of March 2016.\n\n\"When I Grow Up\" was placed at number three on Spins list of The 20 Best Videos of 2009.\n\nTrack listings\niTunes single\n\"When I Grow Up\" – 4:31\n\"When I Grow Up\" (Håkan Lidbo's Encephalitis Remix) – 5:59\n\"When I Grow Up\" (D. Lissvik) – 4:28\n\"Memories from When I Grew Up (Remembered by The Subliminal Kid)\" – 16:41\n\"When I Grow Up\" (Van Rivers Dark Sails on the Horizon Mix) – 9:16\n\"When I Grow Up\" (We Grow Apart Vocal Version by Pär Grindvik) – 6:02\n\"When I Grow Up\" (We Grow Apart Inspiration - Take 2 - By Pär Grindvik) – 7:59\n\"When I Grow Up\" (Scuba's High Up Mix) – 6:17\n\"When I Grow Up\" (Scuba's Straight Down Mix) – 5:54\n\"When I Grow Up\" (Video) – 4:04\n\nSwedish 12\" single \nA1. \"When I Grow Up\" (Van Rivers Dark Sails on the Horizon Mix) – 9:10\nA2. \"When I Grow Up\" (D. Lissvik) – 4:28\nB1. \"Memories from When I Grew Up (Remembered by The Subliminal Kid)\" – 16:41\n\nUK promo CD single \n\"When I Grow Up\" (Edit) – 3:42\n\"When I Grow Up\" (D. Lissvik Radio Edit) – 3:19\n\nNominations\n\nAppearances in other media\nThe song was used as part of the soundtrack for the video game Pro Evolution Soccer 2011.\n\nReferences\n\n2009 singles\n2009 songs\nFever Ray songs\nSongs written by Karin Dreijer" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "Early years", "When did Stevie get started?", "1969,", "What was his first album?", "1970s,", "Where did he grow up?", "Brooklyn" ]

[ "Since the first human spaceflight by the Soviet Union, citizens of 42 countries have flown in space. For each nationality, the launch date of the first mission is listed. The list is based on the nationality of the person at the time of the launch. Only 3 of the 42 \"first flyers\" have been women (Helen Sharman for the United Kingdom in 1991, Anousheh Ansari for Iran in 2006, and Yi So-yeon for South Korea in 2008). Only three nations (Soviet Union/Russia, U.S., China) have launched their own crewed spacecraft, with the Soviets/Russians and the American programs providing rides to other nations' astronauts. Twenty-seven \"first flights\" occurred on Soviet or Russian flights while the United States carried fourteen.\n\nTimeline\nNote: All dates given are UTC. Countries indicated in bold have achieved independent human spaceflight capability.\n\nNotes\n\nOther claims\nThe above list uses the nationality at the time of launch. Lists with differing criteria might include the following people:\n Pavel Popovich, first launched 12 August 1962, was the first Ukrainian-born man in space. At the time, Ukraine was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Michael Collins, first launched 18 July 1966 was born in Italy to American parents and was an American citizen when he went into space.\n William Anders, American citizen, first launched 21 December 1968, was the first Hong Kong-born man in space.\n Vladimir Shatalov, first launched 14 January 1969, was the first Kazakh-born man in space. At the time, Kazakhstan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Bill Pogue, first launched 16 November 1973, as an inductee to the 5 Civilized Tribes Hall of Fame can lay claim to being the first Native American in space. See John Herrington below regarding technicality of tribal registration.\n Pyotr Klimuk, first launched 18 December 1973, was the first Belorussian-born man in space. At the time, Belarus was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Vladimir Dzhanibekov, first launched 16 March 1978, was the first Uzbek-born man in space. At the time, Uzbekistan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Paul D. Scully-Power, first launched 5 October 1984, was born in Australia, but was an American citizen when he went into space; Australian law at the time forbade dual-citizenship.\n Taylor Gun-Jin Wang, first launched 29 April 1985, was born in China to Chinese parents, but was an American citizen when he went into space.\n Lodewijk van den Berg, launched 29 April 1985, was born in the Netherlands, but was an American citizen when he went into space.\n Patrick Baudry, first launched 17 June 1985, was born in French Cameroun (now part of Cameroon), but was a French citizen when he went into space.\n Shannon Lucid, first launched 17 June 1985, was born in China to American parents of European descent, and was an American citizen when she went into space.\n Franklin Chang-Diaz, first launched 12 January 1986, was born in Costa Rica, but was an American citizen when he went into space\n Musa Manarov, first launched 21 December 1987, was the first Azerbaijan-born man in space. At the time, Azerbaijan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Anatoly Solovyev, first launched 7 June 1988, was the first Latvian-born man in space. At the time, Latvia was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev and Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov became Russian rather than Soviet citizens while still in orbit aboard Mir, making them the first purely Russian citizens in space.\n James H. Newman, American citizen, first launched 12 September 1993, was born in the portion of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands that is now the Federated States of Micronesia.\n Talgat Musabayev, first launched 1 July 1994, was born in the Kazakh SSR and is known in Kazakhstan as the \"first cosmonaut of independent Kazakhstan\", but was a Russian citizen when he went into space.\n Frederick W. Leslie, American citizen, launched 20 October 1995, was born in Panama Canal Zone (now Panama).\n Andy Thomas, first launched 19 May 1996, was born in Australia but like Paul D. Scully-Power was an American citizen when he went to space; Australian law at the time forbade dual-citizenship.\n Carlos I. Noriega, first launched 15 May 1997, was born in Peru, but was an American citizen when he went into space.\n Bjarni Tryggvason, launched 7 August 1997, was born in Iceland, but was a Canadian citizen when he went into space.\n Salizhan Sharipov, first launched 22 January 1998, was born in Kyrgyzstan (then the Kirghiz SSR), but was a Russian citizen when he went into space. Sharipov is of Uzbek ancestry.\n Philippe Perrin, first launched 5 June 2002, was born in Morocco, but was a French citizen when he went into space.\n John Herrington, an American citizen first launched 24 November 2002, is the first tribal registered Native American in space (Chickasaw). See also Bill Pogue above.\n Fyodor Yurchikhin, first launched 7 October 2002, was born in Georgia (then the Georgian SSR). He was a Russian citizen at the time he went into space and is of Pontian Greek descent.\n Joseph M. Acaba, first launched 15 March 2009, was born in the U.S. state of California to American parents of Puerto Rican descent.\n\nGallery\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nCurrent Space Demographics, compiled by William Harwood, CBS News Space Consultant, and Rob Navias, NASA.\n\nLists of firsts in space\nSpaceflight timelines", "This is a list of notable books by young authors and of books written by notable writers in their early years. These books were written, or substantially completed, before the author's twentieth birthday. \n\nAlexandra Adornetto (born 18 April 1994) wrote her debut novel, The Shadow Thief, when she was 13. It was published in 2007. Other books written by her as a teenager are: The Lampo Circus (2008), Von Gobstopper's Arcade (2009), Halo (2010) and Hades (2011).\nMargery Allingham (1904–1966) had her first novel, Blackkerchief Dick, about smugglers in 17th century Essex, published in 1923, when she was 19.\nJorge Amado (1912–2001) had his debut novel, The Country of Carnival, published in 1931, when he was 18.\nPrateek Arora wrote his debut novel Village 1104 at the age of 16. It was published in 2010.\nDaisy Ashford (1881–1972) wrote The Young Visiters while aged nine. This novella was first published in 1919, preserving her juvenile punctuation and spelling. An earlier work, The Life of Father McSwiney, was dictated to her father when she was four. It was published almost a century later in 1983.\nAmelia Atwater-Rhodes (born 1984) had her first novel, In the Forests of the Night, published in 1999. Subsequent novels include Demon in My View (2000), Shattered Mirror (2001), Midnight Predator (2002), Hawksong (2003) and Snakecharm (2004).\nJane Austen (1775–1817) wrote Lady Susan, a short epistolary novel, between 1793 and 1795 when she was aged 18-20.\nRuskin Bond (born 1934) wrote his semi-autobiographical novel The Room on the Roof when he was 17. It was published in 1955.\nMarjorie Bowen (1885–1952) wrote the historical novel The Viper of Milan when she was 16. Published in 1906 after several rejections, it became a bestseller.\nOliver Madox Brown (1855–1874) finished his novel Gabriel Denver in early 1872, when he was 17. It was published the following year.\nPamela Brown (1924–1989) finished her children's novel about an amateur theatre company, The Swish of the Curtain (1941), when she was 16 and later wrote other books about the stage.\nCeleste and Carmel Buckingham wrote The Lost Princess when they were 11 and 9.\nFlavia Bujor (born 8 August 1988) wrote The Prophecy of the Stones (2002) when she was 13.\nLord Byron (1788–1824) published two volumes of poetry in his teens, Fugitive Pieces and Hours of Idleness.\nTaylor Caldwell's The Romance of Atlantis was written when she was 12.\n (1956–1976), Le Don de Vorace, was published in 1974.\nHilda Conkling (1910–1986) had her poems published in Poems by a Little Girl (1920), Shoes of the Wind (1922) and Silverhorn (1924).\nAbraham Cowley (1618–1667), Tragicall History of Piramus and Thisbe (1628), Poetical Blossoms (published 1633).\nMaureen Daly (1921–2006) completed Seventeenth Summer before she was 20. It was published in 1942.\nJuliette Davies (born 2000) wrote the first book in the JJ Halo series when she was eight years old. The series was published the following year.\nSamuel R. Delany (born 1 April 1942) published his The Jewels of Aptor in 1962.\nPatricia Finney's A Shadow of Gulls was published in 1977 when she was 18. Its sequel, The Crow Goddess, was published in 1978.\nBarbara Newhall Follett (1914–1939) wrote her first novel The House Without Windows at the age of eight. The manuscript was destroyed in a house fire and she later retyped her manuscript at the age of 12. The novel was published by Knopf publishing house in January 1927.\nFord Madox Ford (né Hueffer) (1873–1939) published in 1892 two children's stories, The Brown Owl and The Feather, and a novel, The Shifting of the Fire.\nAnne Frank (1929–1945) wrote her diary for two-and-a-half years starting on her 13th birthday. It was published posthumously as Het Achterhuis in 1947 and then in English translation in 1952 as Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl. An unabridged translation followed in 1996.\nMiles Franklin wrote My Brilliant Career (1901) when she was a teenager.\nAlec Greven's How to Talk to Girls was published in 2008 when he was nine years old. Subsequently he has published How to Talk to Moms, How to Talk to Dads and How to Talk to Santa.\nFaïza Guène (born 1985) had Kiffe kiffe demain published in 2004, when she was 19. It has since been translated into 22 languages, including English (as Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow).\nSonya Hartnett (born 1968) was thirteen years old when she wrote her first novel, Trouble All the Way, which was published in Australia in 1984.\nAlex and Brett Harris wrote the best-selling book Do Hard Things (2008), a non-fiction book challenging teenagers to \"rebel against low expectations\", at age 19. Two years later came a follow-up book called Start Here (2010).\nGeorgette Heyer (1902–1974) wrote The Black Moth when she was 17 and received a publishing contract when she was 18. It was published just after she turned 19.\nSusan Hill (born 1942), The Enclosure, published in 1961.\nS. E. Hinton (born 1948), The Outsiders, first published in 1967.\nPalle Huld (1912–2010) wrote A Boy Scout Around the World (Jorden Rundt i 44 dage) when he was 15, following a sponsored journey around the world.\nGeorge Vernon Hudson (1867–1946) completed An Elementary Manual of New Zealand Entomology at the end of 1886, when he was 19, but not published until 1892.\nKatharine Hull (1921–1977) and Pamela Whitlock (1920–1982) wrote the children's outdoor adventure novel The Far-Distant Oxus in 1937. It was followed in 1938 by Escape to Persia and in 1939 by Oxus in Summer.\nLeigh Hunt (1784–1859) published Juvenilia; or, a Collection of Poems Written between the ages of Twelve and Sixteen by J. H. L. Hunt, Late of the Grammar School of Christ's Hospital in March 1801.\nKody Keplinger (born 1991) wrote her debut novel The DUFF when she was 17.\nGordon Korman (born 1963), This Can't Be Happening at Macdonald Hall (1978), three sequels, and I Want to Go Home (1981).\nMatthew Gregory Lewis (1775–1818) wrote the Gothic novel The Monk, now regarded as a classic of the genre, before he was twenty. It was published in 1796.\nNina Lugovskaya (1918–1993), a painter, theater director and Gulag survivor, kept a diary in 1932–37, which shows strong social sensitivities. It was found in the Russian State Archives and published 2003. It appeared in English in the same year.\nJoyce Maynard (born 1953) completed Looking Back while she was 19. It was first published in 1973.\nMargaret Mitchell (1900–1949) wrote her novella Lost Laysen at the age of fifteen and gave the two notebooks containing the manuscript to her boyfriend, Henry Love Angel. The novel was published posthumously in 1996.\nBen Okri, the Nigerian poet and novelist, (born 1959) wrote his first book Flowers and Shadows while he was 19.\nAlice Oseman(born 1994) wrote the novel Solitaire when she was 17 and it was published in 2014.\nHelen Oyeyemi (born 1984) completed The Icarus Girl while still 18. First published in 2005.\nChristopher Paolini (born 1983) had Eragon, the first novel of the Inheritance Cycle, first published 2002.\nEmily Pepys (1833–1877), daughter of a bishop, wrote a vivid private journal over six months of 1844–45, aged ten. It was discovered much later and published in 1984.\nAnya Reiss (born 1991) wrote her play Spur of the Moment when she was 17. It was both performed and published in 2010, when she was 18.\nArthur Rimbaud (1854–1891) wrote almost all his prose and poetry while still a teenager, for example Le Soleil était encore chaud (1866), Le Bateau ivre (1871) and Une Saison en Enfer (1873).\nJohn Thomas Romney Robinson (1792–1882) saw his juvenile poems published in 1806, when he was 13.\nFrançoise Sagan (1935–2004) had Bonjour tristesse published in 1954, when she was 18.\nMary Shelley (1797–1851) completed Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus during May 1817, when she was 19. It was first published in the following year.\nMattie Stepanek (1990–2004), an American poet, published seven best-selling books of poetry.\nJohn Steptoe (1950–1989), author and illustrator, began his picture book Stevie at 16. It was published in 1969 in Life.\nAnna Stothard (born 1983) saw her Isabel and Rocco published when she was 19.\nDorothy Straight (born 1958) in 1962 wrote How the World Began, which was published by Pantheon Books in 1964. She holds the Guinness world record for the youngest female published author.\nJalaluddin Al-Suyuti (c. 1445–1505) wrote his first book, Sharh Al-Isti'aadha wal-Basmalah, at the age of 17.\nF. J. Thwaites (1908–1979) wrote his bestselling novel The Broken Melody when he was 19.\nJohn Kennedy Toole (1937–1969) wrote The Neon Bible in 1954 when he was 16. It was not published until 1989.\nAlec Waugh (1898–1981) wrote his novel about school life, The Loom of Youth, after leaving school. It was published in 1917.\nCatherine Webb (born 1986) had five young adult books published before she was 20: Mirror Dreams (2002), Mirror Wakes (2003), Waywalkers (2003), Timekeepers (2004) and The Extraordinary and Unusual Adventures of Horatio Lyle (February 2006).\nNancy Yi Fan (born 1993) published her debut Swordbird when she was 12. Other books she published as a teenager include Sword Quest (2008) and Sword Mountain (2012).\nKat Zhang (born 1991) was 20 when she sold, in a three-book deal, her entire Hybrid Chronicles trilogy. The first book, What's Left of Me, was published 2012.\n\nSee also \nLists of books\n\nReferences \n\nBooks Written By Children and Teenagers\nbooks\nChildren And Teenagers, Written By\nChi" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "Early years", "When did Stevie get started?", "1969,", "What was his first album?", "1970s,", "Where did he grow up?", "Brooklyn", "When was he born?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Ben Ivery Wilson (born March 9, 1939) is a former professional American football fullback in the National Football League.\n\nHigh school\nWilson attended Aldine Carver High School where he played football and was also the state champ in the shot put. While at Carver, he was a Jones scholar who was offered an academic scholarship to attend the University of Cincinnati, but he wanted to play football. Although he was an exceptional football player, he did not receive a scholarship offer from any white college in Texas because of segregation.\n\nCollege career\nThe superintendent of Wilson's high school had contacts at USC and Wilson received a scholarship to attend USC. While at USC, Wilson became the starting fullback and team captain of USC's 1962 national championship team.\n\nProfessional career\nWilson played running back for five seasons in the NFL. He was traded from the Los Angeles Rams to the Green Bay Packers prior to the 1967 season. Wilson started at fullback in Super Bowl II for Green Bay and led both teams in rushing with 62 yards in 17 carries. Late in the game he lost a contact lens on the sidelines after being tackled, and missed the rest of the game.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n NFL.com player page\n\n1939 births\nLiving people\nAmerican football running backs\nGreen Bay Packers players\nLos Angeles Rams players\nUSC Trojans football players\nPlayers of American football from Houston", "Indiana has some of the most segregated schools in the United States. Despite laws demanding school integration since 1949, a 2017 study by the UCLA Civil Rights Project and Indiana University found that Indiana still has significant segregation in its classrooms.\n\nThe average black student in Indiana is likely to attend a school where 68% of the students are non-white. The average white student is likely to attend a school where 81% of the students are white.\n\nHistory\nIndiana became a state in 1816. In 1843 the Legislature stated that the public schools were only for white children between the ages of 5 and 21, and as a result, Quakers and communities of free Black people founded schools like Union Literary Institute for Black students to attend. In 1869, the legislature authorized separate but equal public schools for black children. In 1877, the legislature revised the law to allow black attendance at a white school if a black school was not nearby. Home rule for municipalities meant that application was uneven. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) legitimized separate but equal as policy. During the 1920's, Indiana became a major base for the Ku Klux Klan further pushing Black residents away from school districts that had a majority white population. Prominent examples of segregated high schools in Indiana in the early 20th Century were Crispus Attucks High School in Indianapolis (opened in 1927) and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Gary (accredited in 1930). In 1946, the Gary School Board issued a non-discriminatory policy. Because neighborhoods had different demographic characteristics, the schools there remained effectively segregated. In 1949, the state adopted language that was unambiguously in favor of integration. It was the last of the northern (non-Confederate) states to do so.\n\nAfter Brown v. Board of Education, the state still needed a legal push. Bell v. School City of Gary (1963) was the first. Three years later came Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corporation (1967). Three years after that came Banks v. Muncie Community Schools (1970). National policy came the next year in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971), which relied on the Civil Rights Act of 1964.\n\nIn the 1970s, the federal answer was court-ordered busing. In Indianapolis, busing began in 1981. The bussing requirements in Indiana however were uneven, they did not require white children to be bussed out Black schools making Black children and parents face most of the consequences of the bussing program. Busing in Indianapolis ended in 2016.\n\nDemographics\nHoosiers describe themselves as being more white than much of the rest of the country. In the 2010 Census, 84.4% reported being white, compared with 73.8 for the nation as a whole.\n\nIndiana had never been a big slave state. The 1840 Census reported three slaves and 11,262 “free colored” persons out of a population of 685,866. By 1850, no slaves were reported. That is not to say that the state was welcoming to blacks. The 1851 state constitution said, \"No Negro or mulatto shall come into or settle in the State, after the adoption of this Constitution.” In the early 20th century, mechanization of agriculture in the South stimulated immigration of blacks to large cities like Indianapolis. Migration accelerated in World War II, slowing only in the 1970s. Simultaneously, whites began to move out of the downtown areas to suburbs. \n\nLatinos were a small portion of Indiana's population prior to 1970. In any case the Census did not reliably track Latinos before the 1970 Census. The 2000 Census described 3.5% of Indiana's population as Latino. In the next decade, the state's Latino population grew at twice the national rate. In 2010, the state was 6.0% Latino. They have settled more-or-less evenly distributed across the state.\n\nSchool demographics\nThe demographics of schools in Indiana reflect the composition of the communities in which they are located. The average white student in Indiana is likely to attend a school where 81% of the students are white. The average black student is likely to attend a school where 68% of the students are non-white.\n\nStudies\nSince 1996, the relative segregation of classrooms across the United States has been studied by the Civil Rights Project at Harvard until 2007 and subsequently at the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies at UCLA. In 2017, the Project cooperated to with Indiana University to study the conditions in the state.\n\nA 2012 UCLA study showed that Indiana had the sixth most segregated classrooms in America.\n\nSchool vouchers\nIndiana has one of the largest school voucher programs in the United States. Critics contend that vouchers contribute to school segregation. Analysis of two recent studies on vouchers garner mixed support for contributing to segregation; however, both contend that black recipients who had been in a majority-black public school used school vouchers to attend a majority-black private school.\n\nReferences \n\nEducation in Indiana\nAfrican-American history of Indiana\nSchool segregation in the United States" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "Early years", "When did Stevie get started?", "1969,", "What was his first album?", "1970s,", "Where did he grow up?", "Brooklyn", "When was he born?", "I don't know.", "Where did he attend school?", "Justin F. Kimball High School" ]

[ "California Concordia College existed in Oakland, California, United States from 1906 until 1973.\n\nAmong the presidents of California Concordia College was Johann Theodore Gotthold Brohm Jr.\n\nCalifornia Concordia College and the Academy of California College were located at 2365 Camden Street, Oakland, California. Some of the school buildings still exist at this location, but older buildings that housed the earlier classrooms and later the dormitories are gone. The site is now the location of the Spectrum Center Camden Campus, a provider of special education services.\n\nThe \"Academy\" was the official name for the high school. California Concordia was a six-year institution patterned after the German gymnasium. This provided four years of high school, plus two years of junior college. Years in the school took their names from Latin numbers and referred to the years to go before graduation. The classes were named:\n\n Sexta - 6 years to go; high school freshman\n Qunita - 5 years to go; high school sophomore\n Quarta - 4 years to go; high school junior\n Tertia - 3 years to go; high school senior\n Secunda - 2 years to go; college freshman\n Prima - 1 year to go; college sophomore\n\nThose in Sexta were usually hazed in a mild way by upperclassmen. In addition, those in Sexta were required to do a certain amount of clean-up work around the school, such as picking up trash.\n\nMost students, even high school freshmen, lived in dormitories. High school students were supervised by \"proctors\" (selected high school seniors in Tertia). High school students were required to study for two hours each night in their study rooms from 7:00 to 9:00 pm. Students could not leave their rooms for any reason without permission. This requirement came as quite a shock to those in Sexta (freshmen) on their first night, when they were caught and scolded by a proctor when they left their study room to go to the bathroom without permission. Seniors (those in Tertia) were allowed one night off where they did not need to be in their study hall.\n\nFrom 9:00 to 9:30 pm all students gathered for a chapel service. From 9:30 to 10 pm, high school students were free to roam, and sometimes went to the local Lucky Supermarket to purchase snacks. All high school students were required to be in bed with lights out by 10:00 pm. There were generally five students in each dormitory room. The room had two sections: a bedroom area and (across the hallway) another room for studying. Four beds, including at least one bunk bed, were in the bedroom, and four or five desks were in the study room\n\nA few interesting words used by Concordia students were \"fink\" and \"rack.\" To \"fink\" meant to \"sing like a canary\" or \"squeal.\" A student who finked told everything he knew about a misbehavior committed by another student. \"Rack\" was actually an official term used by proctors and administrators who lived on campus in the dormitories with students. When students misbehaved they were racked (punished). Proctors held a meeting once a week and decided which students, if any, deserved to be racked. If a student were racked, he might be forbidden from leaving the campus grounds, even during normal free time School hours were from 7:30 am to 3:30 pm. After 3:30 pm and until 7:00 pm, students could normally explore the local area surrounding the school, for example, to go to a local store to buy a snack. However, if a student were racked for the week, he could not do so.\n\nProctors made their rounds in the morning to make sure beds were made and inspected rooms in the evening to ensure that students were in bed by 10:00 pm. Often after the proctors left a room at night, the room lights would go back on and students enjoyed studying their National Geographic magazines. Student might be racked if they failed to make their beds or did not make them neatly enough.\n\nAlthough California Concordia College no longer exists, it does receive some recognition by Concordia University Irvine. This is also the location of its old academic records.\n\nSources\n\nExternal links \n Photos of old campus\n\nEducational institutions disestablished in 1973\nDefunct private universities and colleges in California\nEducational institutions established in 1906\n1906 establishments in California\n1973 disestablishments in California\nUniversities and colleges affiliated with the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod", "Kyree Walker (born November 20, 2000) is an American professional basketball player for the Capital City Go-Go of the NBA G League. At the high school level, he played for Moreau Catholic High School in Hayward, California before transferring to Hillcrest Prep Academy. A former MaxPreps National Freshman of the Year, Walker was a five-star recruit.\n\nEarly life and high school career\nIn eighth grade, Walker drew national attention for his slam dunks in highlight videos. He often faced older competition, including high school seniors, in middle school with his Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) team Oakland Soldiers. As a high school freshman, Walker played basketball for Moreau Catholic High School in Hayward, California, averaging 21.3 points, 6.5 rebounds and four assists per game. After leading his team to a California Interscholastic Federation Division II runner-up finish, he was named MaxPreps National Freshman of the Year. Entering his sophomore season, Walker transferred to Hillcrest Prep, a basketball program in Phoenix, Arizona, with his father, Khari, joining the coaching staff. On October 25, 2019, during his senior year, he left Hillcrest Prep, intending to move to the college or professional level. In December 2019, Walker graduated from high school but did not play high school basketball while weighing his options.\n\nRecruiting\nOn June 30, 2017, Walker committed to play college basketball for Arizona State over several other NCAA Division I offers. At the time, he was considered a five-star recruit and a top five player in the 2020 class by major recruiting services. On October 21, 2018, Walker decommitted from Arizona State. On April 20, 2020, as a four-star recruit, he announced that he would forego college basketball.\n\nProfessional career\n\nCapital City Go-Go (2021–present)\nWalker joined Chameleon BX to prepare for the 2021 NBA draft. For the 2021-22 season, he signed with the Capital City Go-Go of the NBA G League, joining the team after a successful tryout.\n\nPersonal life\nIn 2018, Walker's mother, Barrissa Gardner, was diagnosed with breast cancer but achieved remission in the following months.\n\nReferences\n\n2000 births\nLiving people\n21st-century African-American sportspeople\nAfrican-American basketball players\nAmerican men's basketball players\nBasketball players from Oakland, California\nCapital City Go-Go players\nSmall forwards\nTwitch (service) streamers" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "Early years", "When did Stevie get started?", "1969,", "What was his first album?", "1970s,", "Where did he grow up?", "Brooklyn", "When was he born?", "I don't know.", "Where did he attend school?", "Justin F. Kimball High School", "Did he go to college?", "Southern Methodist University," ]

[ "This is the discography of R&B/Hip hop soul trio, Total.\n\nAlbums\n\nStudio albums\n\nSingles\n\n Notes\n Did not chart on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart (Billboard rules at the time prevented album cuts from charting). Chart peak listed represents the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart.\n\nFeatured singles\n\nGuest appearances\n\nSoundtracks\n\nVideography\n From Total (1996)\n No One Else\n No One Else (Puff Daddy Remix)\n Kissin' You\n Kissin' You / Oh Honey\n Can't You See\n Can't You See (Bad Boy Remix)\n Do You Think About Us\n From Kima, Keisha, and Pam (1998)\n Trippin'\n Sitting Home\n From Soul Food (soundtrack) (1997)\n What About Us? (1997)\n As Guest Artists\n LL Cool J - Loungin' (Who Do U Love?) (1995)\nNotorious B.I.G. \"Hypnotize\" (Pam)\nNotorious B.I.G \"Juicy\" (Keisha & Kima)\n Mase - What You Want (1997)\n Foxy Brown - I Can't (1998)\n Tony Touch - I Wonder Why (He's The Greatest DJ) (2000)\n Cameos\n Craig Mack - Flava In Ya Ear (Remix) (Keisha from Total) (1994)\n The Notorious B.I.G. - One More Chance/Stay With Me (1994)\nSoul For Real - Every Little Thing I Do (1995)\n 112 - Only You - Bad Boy Remix (Keisha from Total) (1996)\n Missy Elliott - The Rain (Supa Supa Fly) (1997)\n Jerome - Too Old For Me (Keisha from Total) (1997)\nLil' Kim - Not Tonight (Remix) (1997)\nThe Lox - We'll Always Love Big Poppa (1998)\nThe Bad Boy Family - You (2001) [Featuring Pam & Keisha]\n\nReferences\n\nTotal discography\nHip hop discographies\nRhythm and blues discographies", "Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday? is a 1963 children's book published by Beginner Books and written by Helen Palmer Geisel, the first wife of Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss). Unlike most of the Beginner Books, Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday? did not follow the format of text with inline drawings, being illustrated with black-and-white photographs by Lynn Fayman, featuring a boy named Rawli Davis. It is sometimes misattributed to Dr. Seuss himself. The book's cover features a photograph of a young boy sitting at a breakfast table with a huge pile of pancakes.\n\nActivities mentioned in the book include bowling, water skiing, marching, boxing, and shooting guns with the United States Marines, and eating more spaghetti \"than anyone else has eaten before.\n\nHelen Palmer's photograph-based children's books did not prove to be as popular as the more traditional text-and-illustrations format; however, Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday received positive reviews and was listed by The New York Times as one of the best children's books of 1963. The book is currently out of print.\n\nReferences\n\n1963 children's books\nAmerican picture books" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "Early years", "When did Stevie get started?", "1969,", "What was his first album?", "1970s,", "Where did he grow up?", "Brooklyn", "When was he born?", "I don't know.", "Where did he attend school?", "Justin F. Kimball High School", "Did he go to college?", "Southern Methodist University,", "what else did he do at this time?", "rehearsal." ]

[ "John B. Podesto, nicknamed Presto Podesto from Modesto (March 26, 1921 – November 13, 2015) was an American football quarterback and halfback who played for the St. Mary's Gaels. He was drafted in the first round (10th overall) in the 1944 NFL Draft by the Pittsburgh Steelers but did not play for them. He later was signed by the Chicago Bears but did not play with them either.\n\nEarly life and education\nPodesto was born on March 26, 1921 in Modesto, California to Giovannia and Maria Podesto. He was the youngest of nine children. He attended Modesto High School and Modesto Junior College before continuing his education at Saint Mary's University and College of the Pacific. He excelled at baseball and football while at Modesto, Saint Mary's, and College of the Pacific. He played quarterback and halfback when he was in football. In 1943, under coach Amos Alonzo Stagg, Podesto was named All-American while at Pacific. While playing from 1941 to 1943, and from 1944 to 1945, Podesto entered the Marine Corps and achieved the rank of captain while in World War II.\n\nProfessional career\nPodesto was drafted with the 10th pick in the 1940 NFL Draft by the Pittsburgh Steelers. He was serving in the marines from 1944 to 1945 so he could not play with them. In 1946, he signed with the team. However, Podesto did not play with the Steelers. The next season he signed with the Chicago Bears but did not play with them, either.\n\nLater life\nAfter Podesto's sports career, he was a successful business owner. He worked with the Modesto Tallow Company for over 50 years. He died on November 13, 2015 at the age of 94. At the time of his death he had 5 children, 12 grandchildren, and 2 great-grandchildren.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1921 births\n2015 deaths\nSaint Mary's Gaels football players\nSaint Mary's Gaels baseball players\nPacific Tigers football players\nPacific Tigers baseball players\nPlayers of American football from California", "Charles James Bowles (March 15, 1917 in Norwood, Massachusetts, United States – December 23, 2003 in Newton, North Carolina, United States) was a right-handed Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the Philadelphia Athletics in 1943 and 1945. He later managed in the minor leagues.\n\nPlaying career\nBowles began his professional career in 1937 with the Beckley Bengals, at the age of 20. He went 16–7 with a 3.83 ERA in 27 games (19 starts) that year. He spent 1938 with the Welch Miners and Bluefield Blue-Grays, going a combined 8–11 with a 5.20 ERA in 27 games. He played with Welch again in 1939, going 9–8 with a 5.43 ERA in 20 games (16 starts).\n\nHe went 6–3 with a 5.81 ERA in 23 games for the Monroe White Sox in 1940. In 1941, he played for the Monroe White Sox and El Dorado Oilers, going a combined 8–13 with a 6.14 ERA. He split the 1942 season between the Lancaster Red Roses and Richmond Colts, going a combined 10–13 with an unknown overall ERA. His ERA with the Red Roses, however, was 3.22.\n\nHe spent most of 1943 with the Red Roses, going 19–14 with a 3.52 ERA. On September 25, 1943, he made his big league debut. He started two games with the Athletics that year, going 1–1 with a 3.00 ERA. He did not play in 1944, and he made eight appearances for the Athletics in 1945, starting four of the games. That year, he went 0–3 with a 5.13 ERA. On September 19, 1945, he appeared in his final big league game.\n\nAlthough his major league career was over, his professional career was not. He split 1946 between the Red Roses and Atlanta Crackers, going 2–5 in 24 games. With the St. Petersburg Saints in 1947, he went 14–14 with a 3.35 ERA. He was with the Palatka Azaleas and St. Petersburg Saints in 1948, going a combined 8–7 with a 4.44 ERA in 33 games. He spent part of the year as the Azaleas' manager, his first foray into minor league managing.\n\nIn 1949, he was one of a few managers for the Salisbury Pirates. He did not play at all that year. Similarly, he did not play in 1950, as he served as the Waterbury Timers manager for part of the season. Again, in 1951 he did not play at all, as he served as manager of the Granite Falls Graniteers for part of the season.\n\nHe resumed playing in 1952, though on a limited basis - in 1952 with the Charleston Senators, he went 0–1 with a 58.50 ERA in two games. He also managed the Hickory Rebels for part of the 1952 season. He played in 23 games, making six starts, for the Wilkes-Barre Barons in 1953, going 4–2 with a 3.08 ERA. He finished his career in 1954, appearing in one game for the Winston-Salem Twins.\n\nOverall, he went 1–4 with a 4.38 ERA in 10 major league games (six starts). In the minors, he went 105–98 with an ERA around 4.28 in 324 games.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1917 births\n2003 deaths\nPhiladelphia Athletics players\nBaseball players from Massachusetts\nPeople from Norwood, Massachusetts" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "Early years", "When did Stevie get started?", "1969,", "What was his first album?", "1970s,", "Where did he grow up?", "Brooklyn", "When was he born?", "I don't know.", "Where did he attend school?", "Justin F. Kimball High School", "Did he go to college?", "Southern Methodist University,", "what else did he do at this time?", "rehearsal.", "Who did he play with?", "ZZ Top" ]

[ "Robert Else (17 November 1876 – 16 September 1955) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Derbyshire in 1901 and 1903.\n\nElse was born at Lea, Holloway, Derbyshire, the son of John Else and his wife Henrietta Lowe. His father was a bobbin maker and in 1881 they were all living with his grandparents at the Old Hat Factory in Wirksworth. Else made his debut for Derbyshire in May 1901 against Surrey, when his scores were 1 and 2. He played again that season against the South Africans when he opened the batting scoring a duck in the first innings and surviving the whole of the second innings for 6 not out. He did not play again until July 1903 when against London County he took a wicket and made his top score of 28. He played his last two matches in 1903 and made little impression in them.\n\nElse was a left-hand batsman and played ten innings in five first-class matches with an average of 7.3 and a top score of 28. He bowled fifteen overs and took 1 first-class wicket for 61 runs in total.\n\nElse died at Broomhill, Sheffield, Yorkshire at the age of 78.\n\nReferences\n\n1876 births\n1955 deaths\nDerbyshire cricketers\nEnglish cricketers\nPeople from Dethick, Lea and Holloway", "John B. Podesto, nicknamed Presto Podesto from Modesto (March 26, 1921 – November 13, 2015) was an American football quarterback and halfback who played for the St. Mary's Gaels. He was drafted in the first round (10th overall) in the 1944 NFL Draft by the Pittsburgh Steelers but did not play for them. He later was signed by the Chicago Bears but did not play with them either.\n\nEarly life and education\nPodesto was born on March 26, 1921 in Modesto, California to Giovannia and Maria Podesto. He was the youngest of nine children. He attended Modesto High School and Modesto Junior College before continuing his education at Saint Mary's University and College of the Pacific. He excelled at baseball and football while at Modesto, Saint Mary's, and College of the Pacific. He played quarterback and halfback when he was in football. In 1943, under coach Amos Alonzo Stagg, Podesto was named All-American while at Pacific. While playing from 1941 to 1943, and from 1944 to 1945, Podesto entered the Marine Corps and achieved the rank of captain while in World War II.\n\nProfessional career\nPodesto was drafted with the 10th pick in the 1940 NFL Draft by the Pittsburgh Steelers. He was serving in the marines from 1944 to 1945 so he could not play with them. In 1946, he signed with the team. However, Podesto did not play with the Steelers. The next season he signed with the Chicago Bears but did not play with them, either.\n\nLater life\nAfter Podesto's sports career, he was a successful business owner. He worked with the Modesto Tallow Company for over 50 years. He died on November 13, 2015 at the age of 94. At the time of his death he had 5 children, 12 grandchildren, and 2 great-grandchildren.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1921 births\n2015 deaths\nSaint Mary's Gaels football players\nSaint Mary's Gaels baseball players\nPacific Tigers football players\nPacific Tigers baseball players\nPlayers of American football from California" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "Early years", "When did Stevie get started?", "1969,", "What was his first album?", "1970s,", "Where did he grow up?", "Brooklyn", "When was he born?", "I don't know.", "Where did he attend school?", "Justin F. Kimball High School", "Did he go to college?", "Southern Methodist University,", "what else did he do at this time?", "rehearsal.", "Who did he play with?", "ZZ Top", "Who else did he play with at that time?", "Scott Phares," ]

[ "An instrument driver, in the context of test and measurement (T&M) application development, is a set of software routines that simplifies remote instrument control. Instrument drivers are specified by the IVI Foundation and define an I/O abstraction layer using the virtual instrument software architecture (VISA). The VISA hardware abstraction layer provides an interface-independent communication channel to T&M instruments. Furthermore, the instrument drivers encapsulate the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) commands, which are an ASCII-based set of commands for reading and writing instrument settings and measurement data. This standard allows an abstract way of using various programming languages to program remote-control applications instead of using SCPI commands. An instrument driver usually has a well-defined API.\n\nStandards\n\nVXIplug&play instrument driver\n\nThe VXIplug&play Systems Alliance was founded in 1993 with the aim of unifying VXI hardware and software to achieve 'plug and play' interoperability for VXI and GPIB instruments. As part of the unifying process, VXIplug&play instrument drivers were also defined.\n\nIVI instrument drivers\n\nWhen the IVI Foundation took over the Alliance in 2002, it defined a new generation of instrument drivers to replace the VXIplug&play standard. The IVI instrument driver specification intends to overcome the drawbacks of VXIplug&play. These IVI (Interchangeable Virtual Instrumentation) drivers are currently defined in three different architectures:\n\n The IVI-COM driver architecture is based on the Microsoft Component Object Model. \n The IVI-C drivers are based on C programming language shared components (shared libraries). \n The IVI.NET driver architecture was specified in 2010. The IVI.NET drivers are based on the .NET framework.\n\nRemote control of instrumentation\nInstrument drivers allow quicker development of remote-control applications for instrumentation. The drivers reduce the difficulty of string formatting when using SCPI commands by providing a well-defined API. The IVI and VXIplug&play Instrument Drivers use the VISA as the hardware abstraction layer so that hardware-independent applications can be developed.\n\nI/O hardware abstraction layer VISA\nThe VISA library allows test and measurement equipment to be connected through various hardware interfaces. The following interfaces are available:\n\n Serial Port\n GPIB/IEEE-488\n VXI-11 (over TCP/IP)\n USB488/USBTMC (USB Test & Measurement), USB Test & Measurement Class Specification\n HiSLIP (over TCP/IP).\n\nLXI\n\nThe LAN eXtensions for Instrumentation (LXI) standard defines the communications protocols for controlling test and measurement systems using Ethernet. The standard requires vendors to offer IVI compliant instrument drivers.\n\nSee also\n Instrument control\n Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments\n Automation\n IEEE-488\n VISA\n LabVIEW\n LabWindows\n Agilent VEE\n MATLAB\n LAN eXtensions for Instrumentation\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n IVI Foundation\n SCPI Consortium\n VXIplug&play Systems Alliance\n LXI Consortium\n Introduction to Attribute Based Instrument Drivers\n Development Hints and Best Practices for Using Instrument Drivers\n\nInput/output\nElectronic test equipment", "The Yu (; pinyin: yú) is a free reed wind instrument used in ancient China. It is similar to the sheng, with multiple bamboo pipes fixed in a wind chest which may be made out of bamboo, wood, or a gourd. Each pipe contains a free reed, which is also made of bamboo. Whereas the sheng is used to provide simultaneous tones in harmony (in fourths and fifths), the yu is played in single lines melodically. The instrument was used, often in large numbers, in court orchestras of ancient China (and was also exported to Korea and Japan) but is no longer used.\n\nHistory\nAlthough the yu is now obsolete, it is known to most Chinese speakers through the saying \"Làn yú chōng shù\" (), meaning \"to fill a position without having the necessary qualifications.\" The saying is derived from the story of Nanguo (), a man who joined the royal court orchestra of King Xuan of Qi (, 319 BC–300 BC), the ruler of the State of Qi (Shandong province) as a yu player. Although the man did not actually know how to play this instrument, he knew that the orchestra had no fewer than 300 yu players, so he felt secure that he could simply pretend to play, and thus collect a musician's salary. Upon the king's death, Nanguo was eventually exposed as an impostor when the king's son Min (, 300 BC–283 BC), who had succeeded his father as king, requested that the musicians play individually rather than as an ensemble. On the night before he was to play, Nanguo fled the palace, never to return.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\"Asian Free-Reed Instruments\" by Henry Doktorski, Part One: \"The Chinese Shêng,\" from The Classical Free-Reed, Inc.: History of the Free-Reed Instruments in Classical Music\n\nSee also\nTraditional Chinese musical instruments\nSheng (instrument)\nLusheng\nMangtong\n\nChinese musical instruments\nSets of free reeds\nMouth organs" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "Early years", "When did Stevie get started?", "1969,", "What was his first album?", "1970s,", "Where did he grow up?", "Brooklyn", "When was he born?", "I don't know.", "Where did he attend school?", "Justin F. Kimball High School", "Did he go to college?", "Southern Methodist University,", "what else did he do at this time?", "rehearsal.", "Who did he play with?", "ZZ Top", "Who else did he play with at that time?", "Scott Phares,", "What instrument did he play?", "guitarist," ]

[ "The panerusan instruments or elaborating instruments are one of the divisions of instruments used in Indonesian gamelan. Instead of the rhythmic structure provided by the colotomic instruments, and the core melody of the balungan instruments, the panerusan instruments play variations on the balungan. They are usually the most difficult instruments to learn in the gamelan, but provide the most opportunity for improvisation and creativity in the performer.\n\nPanerusan instruments include the gendér, suling, rebab, siter/celempung, bonang, and gambang. The female singer, the pesindhen, is also often included, as she sings in a similar fashion to the instrumental techniques. As these include the only wind instruments, string instruments, and wooden percussion instruments found in the gamelan, they provide a timbre which stands out from most of the gamelan.\n\nThe notes that the panerusan instruments play are largely in melodic formulas known as cengkok and sekaran. These are selected from a huge collection which every performer carries in his head, based on the patet, mood, and traditions surrounding a piece.\n\nSekaran\nSekaran (Javanese for \"flowering\") is a type of elaboration used in the Javanese gamelan, especially on the bonang barung.\n\nIt is similar to the cengkok of other elaborating instruments in its floridity and openness to improvisation, but a sekaran generally happens only at the end of a nongan or other colotomic division. It is usually preceded by imbal, an interlocking pattern between the bonang barung and the bonang panerus.\n\nDifferent sekaran are used in different pathet, but there are always a variety available. A good bonang player will choose a sekaran based on how the other instruments and the sindhen are improvising.\n\nTraditionally the bonang panerus did not play sekaran, and simply continued in the imbal pattern, but now some players use sekaran, as long as they maintain the fast character of typical bonang panerus parts.\n\nSee also\n\n Gamelan\n Slendro\n Pathet\n Cengkok\n Seleh\n Music of Indonesia\n Music of Java\n\nReferences\n\nGamelan instruments\nGamelan theory", "Dennis Waring is a historian and ethnomusicologist who was the Connecticut State Troubadour from 2003 through 2004. He has authored a book on the history of the Estey Organ Company titled Manufacturing the Muse: Estey Organs & Consumer Culture in Victorian America which was his doctoral dissertation at Weslyan University. He is a local expert on the organs and the role of musical instruments as \"primary cultural indicators\".\n\nWaring believes in bringing music to a wide audience. He makes improvised instruments out of cardboard and household scraps and teaches other people to do the same.\n\nPublications\n\n Folk Instruments Make Them & Play Them, It's Easy & It's Fun (1979)\n Making Wood Folk Instruments (1990)\n Great Folk Instruments To Make & Play (1999)\n Cardboard Folk Instruments to Make Play (2000)\n Make Your Own Electric Guitar Bass (2001)\n Manufacturing the Muse: Estey Organs & Consumer Culture in Victorian America (2002)\n Making Drums (2003)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Waring Music - personal site\n\nEthnomusicologists\nWesleyan University alumni\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nLiving people" ]

[ "14th Dalai Lama", "International advocacy" ]

[ "This is a list of Dalai Lamas of Tibet. There have been 14 recognised incarnations of the Dalai Lama. \n\nThere has also been one non-recognised Dalai Lama, Ngawang Yeshe Gyatso (declared in 1707), by Lha-bzang Khan as the \"true\" 6th Dalai Lama – however, he was never accepted as such by the majority of the population.\n\nList\n\nSee also\nList of Panchen Lamas\nList of rulers of Tibet\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n\n \n Mullin, Glenn H. (2001). The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation. Clear Light Publishers. Santa Fe, NM. .\n\nHistory of Tibet\nDalai Lamas\nTibet", "The Lion Throne is the English term used to identify the throne of the Dalai Lama of Tibet. It specifically refers to the throne historically used by Dalai Lamas at Potala Palace in Lhasa.\n\nSee also \n List of Dalai Lamas\n Tibetan independence movement\n National emblem\n Dragon Throne of the Emperors of China\n Throne of England and the Kings of England\n Chrysanthemum Throne of the Emperors of Japan\n Phoenix Throne of the Kings of Korea\n Peacock Throne of the Mughal Empire \n Sun Throne of the Persian Empire\n Naderi Throne in Iran\n\nReferences \n\nThrones\nDalai Lamas" ]

[ "14th Dalai Lama", "International advocacy", "What is the Dalai lamas plan", "Tibet to become a democratic \"zone of peace\"" ]

[ "Palden Tenpai Nyima (1782–1853) was the 7th Panchen Lama of Tibet.\n\nEarly life and reign \n\nLobsang Palden Yeshe, the previous Panchen Lama, died from smallpox in Beijing in 1780. His brother Shamarpa, who was acting as regent, wrote to the British Governor of India, Warren Hastings, in 1782 to say that a new incarnation had been found.\n\nShamarpa had hoped to inherit some of the riches given to his brother in Beijing after his death. When this didn't happen, he conspired with the Nepalese, who sent a Gurkha army in 1788 and took control of Shigatse. Shamarpa, however, did not keep his side of the bargain and the Gurkha army returned three years later to claim their spoils, but a Chinese army drove them back to Nepal in 1792.\n\nThe 7th Panchen Lama und successive Dalai Lamas\n\nThe 7th Panchen Lama's life coincided with the \"period of the short-lived Dalai Lamas\". Tis made the Panchen Lama \"the lama of the hour, filling the void left by the four Dalai Lamas who died in their youth.\"\n\nThe first of these short-lived Dalai Lamas was the 9th Dalai Lama, found in 1807 after the death of the 8th Dalai Lama in 1804. In 1810 (or 1811) the 7th Panchen Lama gave the pre-novice ordination to the 9th Dalai Lama at Potala Palace, and gave him the name Lungtok Gyatso.\n\nAfter the 9th Dalai Lama died in 1815, eight years passed before a new Dalai Lama was chosen. The political events in this period are murky, but finally the 7th Panchen Lama intervened and used the Golden Urn (from which names of candidates were picked) for the first time as part of the tests for the choice of the new Dalai Lama. In 1822 the 10th Dalai Lama was placed upon the Golden Throne and soon after his enthronement received his pre-novice ordination and the name Tsultrim Gyatso from the 7th Panchen Lama. In 1831, Tsultrin Gyatso received full ordination from Palden Tenpai Nyima. The 10th Dalai Lama died in 1837. \n\nIn 1841, the 7th Panchen Lama recognised the 11th Dalai Lama, administered the pre-novice vows and named him Khedrup Gyatso.\n\nIn 1844, the 7th Panchen Lama had a summer palace built about 1 km south of Tashilhunpo Monastery containing 2 chapels in walled gardens. The 10th Panchen Lama added sumptuous sitting rooms and audience room. It is now a popular picnic spot described in a tourist guide. \n\nIn 1844 the 11th Dalai Lama left to travel to Eastern Tibet. Monks from Sera Monastery kidnapped three secretaries from the Regent's government to guarantee his welfare, which resulted in a national emergency. The 7th Panchen Lama was invited to return to Lhasa from Tsang Province and, in the 8th month of that year, was placed on the throne as the new regent. However, he only accepted that role for a short period, handing over the regency to Rva-dreng Nga-wang Ye-she Tsul-trim in 1845. In 1846 the 7th Panchen Lama administered the full novice ordination on the 11th Dalai Lama.\n\nDeath and legacy\n\nThe 7th Panchen Lama died in 1853. According to R. A. Stein, he \"enjoyed great prestige at the Chinese court.\"\n\nAll the tombs from the 5th to the 9th Panchen Lamas were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution and have been rebuilt by the 10th Panchen Lama with a huge tomb at Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse, known as the Tashi Langyar.\n\nFootnotes\n\nPanchen Lama 07\n1782 births\n1853 deaths\n18th-century Tibetan people\n19th-century Tibetan people", "The present 14th Dalai Lama has suggested different possibilities to identify the next (15th) Dalai Lama, but has not publicly specified the ritual qualifications and alleged mystical signs upon the method of rebirth would occur. On February 5, 1940, request to exempt Lhamo Thondup from lot-drawing Golden Urn process to become the 14th Dalai Lama was approved by the Central Government.\n\nThe selection process remains controversial, as the atheist Chinese government has declared ownership on the selection process using Golden Urn for the next Dalai Lama, an issue contested by Tibetan Buddhist religious authorities.\n\nOverview \n\nFollowing the Buddhist belief in the principle of reincarnation, the Dalai Lama is believed by Buddhists to be able to choose the body into which he is reincarnated. That person, when found, will then become the next Dalai Lama. According to Buddhist scholars it is the responsibility of the High Lamas of the Gelugpa tradition and the Tibetan government to seek out and find the next Dalai Lama following the death of the incumbent. The process can take a long time. It took four years to find the 14th (current) Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. The search is generally limited to Tibet, although the current Dalai Lama has said that there is a chance that he will not be reborn, and that if he is, it would not be in a country under Chinese rule. To help them in their search, the High Lamas may have visions or dreams, and try to find signs. For example, if the previous Dalai Lama was cremated, they can watch the direction of the smoke to suggest where the rebirth will take place.\n\nWhen these signs have been interpreted and a successor found, there is a series of tests believed to ensure that they are the genuine reincarnation of the previous Dalai Lama. They assess the candidate against a set of criteria, and will present the child with various objects to see if they can identify those which belonged to the previous Dalai Lama. If a single candidate has been identified, the High Lamas will report their findings to eminent individuals and then to the Government. If more than one candidate is identified, the true successor is found by officials and monks drawing lots in a public ceremony. Once identified, the successful candidate and his family are taken to Lhasa (or Dharamsala) where the child will study the Buddhist scriptures in order to prepare for spiritual leadership.\n\nAccording to Tibetan Buddhism the Tulkus do not have to take rebirth in a continuous sequence of lives in this world.\n\nThe first article of 29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet states that the purpose of Golden Urn is to ensure prosperity of Gelug, and to eliminate cheating and corruption in the selection process. The Qianlong Emperor published The Discourse of Lama in 1792 to explain the history of lamas and the reincarnation system, while also explaining why he thought it would be a fair system of choosing them, as opposed to choosing reincarnated lamas based on private designation, or based on one person's decision. Also, it's to eliminate greedy family with multiple reincarnated rinpoches, lamas.\n\nThe Golden Urn became institutionalized in the State Religious Affairs Bureau Order No. 5 of the Central Government. Article 7 states that no group or individual may carry out activities related to searching for and identifying the reincarnated soul boy of the Living Buddha without authorization. Article 8 states that lot-drawing ceremony with Golden Urn is applicable to those rinpoches, or lamas who were reincarnated previously in history. \nRequest of exemption is handled by State Administration for Religious Affairs, for those with great impact, request of exemption is handled by State Council.\n\nAccording to the 14th Dalai Lama \n\nIn a 2004 interview with Time, the current Dalai Lama stated:\n\nThe Dalai Lama stated in 2007 that the next Dalai Lama could possibly be a woman, remarking, \"If a woman reveals herself as more useful the lama could very well be reincarnated in this form\". On 24 September 2011, the Dalai Lama issued a statement concerning his reincarnation giving exact signs on how the next one should be chosen, the place of rebirth and that the Chinese appointed Dalai Lama should not be trusted.\n\nIn October 2019, the 14th Dalai Lama stated that because of the feudal origin of the Dalai Lama reincarnation system, the reincarnation system should end.\n\nAccording to the Chinese government \nIn 2015, the Chairman Padma Choling (白玛赤林) of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Tibet said:\n\nRegarding this issue, in an article from Vice Buddhist scholar Robert Thurman said:\n\nThe apparent contradiction that an atheist government is involved in the afterlife and re-incarnation did not go unnoticed. As described by Jonathan Kaiman for the Los Angeles Times: \"In China, it's not easy to become a \"living Buddha\". First come the years of meditation and discipline. Then comes the bureaucracy. (...) Although the ruling Communist Party is an officially atheist organization – officials are barred from practicing religion – it is perennially uncomfortable with forces outside of its control, and has for years demanded the power to regulate the supernatural affairs of Tibetan Buddhist figures, determining who can and cannot be reincarnated.\"\n\nOn August 3, 2007, State Religious Affairs Bureau Order No. 5 was issued by China which states that all the reincarnations of tulkus of Tibetan Buddhism must get government approval, otherwise they are \"illegal or invalid\". Rule 8 says approval for request is required if lot-drawing process using Golden Urn is exempted.\n\nOpinion \nSome analysts opine that even if China picks a future Dalai Lama, it will lack the legitimacy and popular support needed to be functional, as Tibetan Buddhists all over the world would not recognize it. According to Tibetan scholar Robert Barnett \"This is one of the chief indicators that China has failed in Tibet. It's failed to find consistent leadership in Tibet by any Tibetan lama who is really respected by Tibetan people, and who at the same time endorses Communist Party rule.\" Lobsang Sangay, Sikyong (prime minister) of the Tibetan government-in-exile, said: \"It's like Fidel Castro saying, 'I will select the next Pope and all the Catholics should follow'\".\n\nSee also \n\n Central Tibetan Administration\n History of Tibet\n Tibet Autonomous Region\n Tibetan Buddhism\n Tibet Policy and Support Act\n\nReferences \n\nDalai Lamas" ]

[ "14th Dalai Lama", "International advocacy", "What is the Dalai lamas plan", "Tibet to become a democratic \"zone of peace\"", "When did the Dalai lama go to D.C", "1987" ]

[ "Palden Tenpai Nyima (1782–1853) was the 7th Panchen Lama of Tibet.\n\nEarly life and reign \n\nLobsang Palden Yeshe, the previous Panchen Lama, died from smallpox in Beijing in 1780. His brother Shamarpa, who was acting as regent, wrote to the British Governor of India, Warren Hastings, in 1782 to say that a new incarnation had been found.\n\nShamarpa had hoped to inherit some of the riches given to his brother in Beijing after his death. When this didn't happen, he conspired with the Nepalese, who sent a Gurkha army in 1788 and took control of Shigatse. Shamarpa, however, did not keep his side of the bargain and the Gurkha army returned three years later to claim their spoils, but a Chinese army drove them back to Nepal in 1792.\n\nThe 7th Panchen Lama und successive Dalai Lamas\n\nThe 7th Panchen Lama's life coincided with the \"period of the short-lived Dalai Lamas\". Tis made the Panchen Lama \"the lama of the hour, filling the void left by the four Dalai Lamas who died in their youth.\"\n\nThe first of these short-lived Dalai Lamas was the 9th Dalai Lama, found in 1807 after the death of the 8th Dalai Lama in 1804. In 1810 (or 1811) the 7th Panchen Lama gave the pre-novice ordination to the 9th Dalai Lama at Potala Palace, and gave him the name Lungtok Gyatso.\n\nAfter the 9th Dalai Lama died in 1815, eight years passed before a new Dalai Lama was chosen. The political events in this period are murky, but finally the 7th Panchen Lama intervened and used the Golden Urn (from which names of candidates were picked) for the first time as part of the tests for the choice of the new Dalai Lama. In 1822 the 10th Dalai Lama was placed upon the Golden Throne and soon after his enthronement received his pre-novice ordination and the name Tsultrim Gyatso from the 7th Panchen Lama. In 1831, Tsultrin Gyatso received full ordination from Palden Tenpai Nyima. The 10th Dalai Lama died in 1837. \n\nIn 1841, the 7th Panchen Lama recognised the 11th Dalai Lama, administered the pre-novice vows and named him Khedrup Gyatso.\n\nIn 1844, the 7th Panchen Lama had a summer palace built about 1 km south of Tashilhunpo Monastery containing 2 chapels in walled gardens. The 10th Panchen Lama added sumptuous sitting rooms and audience room. It is now a popular picnic spot described in a tourist guide. \n\nIn 1844 the 11th Dalai Lama left to travel to Eastern Tibet. Monks from Sera Monastery kidnapped three secretaries from the Regent's government to guarantee his welfare, which resulted in a national emergency. The 7th Panchen Lama was invited to return to Lhasa from Tsang Province and, in the 8th month of that year, was placed on the throne as the new regent. However, he only accepted that role for a short period, handing over the regency to Rva-dreng Nga-wang Ye-she Tsul-trim in 1845. In 1846 the 7th Panchen Lama administered the full novice ordination on the 11th Dalai Lama.\n\nDeath and legacy\n\nThe 7th Panchen Lama died in 1853. According to R. A. Stein, he \"enjoyed great prestige at the Chinese court.\"\n\nAll the tombs from the 5th to the 9th Panchen Lamas were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution and have been rebuilt by the 10th Panchen Lama with a huge tomb at Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse, known as the Tashi Langyar.\n\nFootnotes\n\nPanchen Lama 07\n1782 births\n1853 deaths\n18th-century Tibetan people\n19th-century Tibetan people", "The priest and patron relationship, also simply written as priest-patron or cho-yon (; ) is the relationship between a spiritual leader or religious figure and a lay patron, as was the historic relationship between Tibet and the Qing Empire. (Chöyön is an abbreviation of two Tibetan words: chöney, \"that which is worthy of being given gifts and alms\" (for example, a lama or a deity), and yöndag, \"he who gives gifts to that which is worthy\" (a patron)).\n\nThis description was used by the 13th Dalai Lama and is still used by historians to also describe the relationship between Tibet, the Dalai Lama and the Mongol Khans, as well as between Tibet, the Dalai Lamas and Manchu Emperors of the Qing dynasty. According to this mutually beneficial relationship, spiritual masters provide guidance and religious instruction, and might perform rites, divinations and analyse astrology. In addition, Güshi Khan, for example, was also bestowed a title by the 5th Dalai Lama. A patron and his successors, in turn, protected and advanced the interests of the priest-as did Gushi Khan for Tibet and the Dalai Lama. Also in the case of Tibet and Qing China, the Dalai Lama and the Manchu Emperor stood respectively as spiritual teacher and lay patron rather than subject and lord.\n\nAccording to Elliot Sperling, the description of a \"priest-patron\" religious relationship governing Sino-Tibetan relations to the exclusion of concrete political subordination is itself a rather recent construction. He writes that the priest and patron relationship coexisted with Tibet's political subordination to the Yuan and Qing dynasties. During the 1913 Simla Conference, the 13th Dalai Lama's negotiators cited the priest and patron relationship to explain the lack of any clearly demarcated boundary between Tibet and the rest of China (ie. as a religious benefactor, the Qing did not need to be hedged against). \n\nDuring the priest and patron relationship between the Dalai Lama and Gushi Khan, Khan remained a patron while the Dalai Lama held both the spiritual and political authority of Tibet.\n\nSee also \n Mongol conquest of Tibet\n Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty\n Tibetan sovereignty debate\n\nReferences\n\nSources \n\nHistory of Tibet\nTibetan independence movement" ]

[ "14th Dalai Lama", "International advocacy", "What is the Dalai lamas plan", "Tibet to become a democratic \"zone of peace\"", "When did the Dalai lama go to D.C", "1987", "Where did the Dalai Lama expand", "Strasbourg" ]

[ "Trio 99 → 00 is an album by Pat Metheny recorded with Larry Grenadier on bass and Bill Stewart on drums and released in 2000. (The album title is often listed as \"Trio 99 > 00\" or \"Trio 99>00\".)\n\nThis trio came together as Metheny finished a two-year stretch of recording and touring around the world with his regular group. For his \"vacation\" period, Metheny decided to find a few like-minded younger players and continue once again to expand on his unique vision of what a guitar-led, improvisationally-driven, three-piece ensemble could suggest within this modern culture of music.\n\nDuring recording, the trio \"spent just a couple of days together in the studio, just for a few hours a day, just playing\", according to Metheny. They did not even listen back to anything until a few weeks later.\n\nMetheny won the 2000 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Solo for \"(Go) Get It.\"\n\nTrack listing\n\nPersonnel\n Pat Metheny – electric and acoustic guitars\n Larry Grenadier – double bass\n Bill Stewart – drums\n\nAwards\nGrammy Awards\n\nReferences\n Source - Album cover and liner notes.\n\n2000 albums\nPat Metheny albums\nWarner Records albums", "\"Perfect Day\" is the fifth and final single released from Cascada's second album Perfect Day. \"Perfect Day\" was released in the United States as a CD Maxi Single on 3 March 2009 and on 17 February 2009 on iTunes. \nIt was also released as a download in certain European countries on 13 February 2010, almost a year after the United States release.\n\nBackground and writing\nAfter the release of Cascada's 2008 Summer hit \"Because the Night\", it was rumored \"Perfect Day\" would be the next single released, but no confirmation was made. Natalie Horler had performed the song at Clubland Live 2008, but did not mention that the song would be released as a single. Again, on the Perfect Day Tour, Horler did not mention anything about \"Perfect Day\" being the next single, and did not perform any songs from the up-coming untitled album. Fans suggested it was just a rumor, as the next album was soon to be released, but the song was released as the third North American single following \"What Hurts The Most\" & \"Faded\".\n\nTrack listing\nUnited States\n\"Perfect Day\" (Album Version) – 3:44\n\"Perfect Day\" (Digital Dog Radio) – 3:21\n\"Perfect Day\" (Rock Version) – 3:33\n\"Perfect Day\" (Extended Version) – 5:18\n\"Perfect Day\" (Digital Dog Club) – 6:04\n\"Perfect Day\" (Digital Dog Dub) – 5:51\n\nEurope\n\"Perfect Day\" (Radio Edit) – 3:42\n\"Perfect Day\" (Rock Radio Edit) – 3:31\n\"Perfect Day\" (Club Mix) – 5:16\n\"Perfect Day\" (Digital Dog Remix) – 6:04\n\nRelease History\n\nCharts\n\nReferences \n\nCascada songs\n2009 singles\nSongs written by Allan Eshuijs\nSongs written by Yanou\nSongs written by DJ Manian\n2009 songs" ]

[ "14th Dalai Lama", "International advocacy", "What is the Dalai lamas plan", "Tibet to become a democratic \"zone of peace\"", "When did the Dalai lama go to D.C", "1987", "Where did the Dalai Lama expand", "Strasbourg", "What day did he expand on", "15 June 1988." ]

[ "Palden Tenpai Nyima (1782–1853) was the 7th Panchen Lama of Tibet.\n\nEarly life and reign \n\nLobsang Palden Yeshe, the previous Panchen Lama, died from smallpox in Beijing in 1780. His brother Shamarpa, who was acting as regent, wrote to the British Governor of India, Warren Hastings, in 1782 to say that a new incarnation had been found.\n\nShamarpa had hoped to inherit some of the riches given to his brother in Beijing after his death. When this didn't happen, he conspired with the Nepalese, who sent a Gurkha army in 1788 and took control of Shigatse. Shamarpa, however, did not keep his side of the bargain and the Gurkha army returned three years later to claim their spoils, but a Chinese army drove them back to Nepal in 1792.\n\nThe 7th Panchen Lama und successive Dalai Lamas\n\nThe 7th Panchen Lama's life coincided with the \"period of the short-lived Dalai Lamas\". Tis made the Panchen Lama \"the lama of the hour, filling the void left by the four Dalai Lamas who died in their youth.\"\n\nThe first of these short-lived Dalai Lamas was the 9th Dalai Lama, found in 1807 after the death of the 8th Dalai Lama in 1804. In 1810 (or 1811) the 7th Panchen Lama gave the pre-novice ordination to the 9th Dalai Lama at Potala Palace, and gave him the name Lungtok Gyatso.\n\nAfter the 9th Dalai Lama died in 1815, eight years passed before a new Dalai Lama was chosen. The political events in this period are murky, but finally the 7th Panchen Lama intervened and used the Golden Urn (from which names of candidates were picked) for the first time as part of the tests for the choice of the new Dalai Lama. In 1822 the 10th Dalai Lama was placed upon the Golden Throne and soon after his enthronement received his pre-novice ordination and the name Tsultrim Gyatso from the 7th Panchen Lama. In 1831, Tsultrin Gyatso received full ordination from Palden Tenpai Nyima. The 10th Dalai Lama died in 1837. \n\nIn 1841, the 7th Panchen Lama recognised the 11th Dalai Lama, administered the pre-novice vows and named him Khedrup Gyatso.\n\nIn 1844, the 7th Panchen Lama had a summer palace built about 1 km south of Tashilhunpo Monastery containing 2 chapels in walled gardens. The 10th Panchen Lama added sumptuous sitting rooms and audience room. It is now a popular picnic spot described in a tourist guide. \n\nIn 1844 the 11th Dalai Lama left to travel to Eastern Tibet. Monks from Sera Monastery kidnapped three secretaries from the Regent's government to guarantee his welfare, which resulted in a national emergency. The 7th Panchen Lama was invited to return to Lhasa from Tsang Province and, in the 8th month of that year, was placed on the throne as the new regent. However, he only accepted that role for a short period, handing over the regency to Rva-dreng Nga-wang Ye-she Tsul-trim in 1845. In 1846 the 7th Panchen Lama administered the full novice ordination on the 11th Dalai Lama.\n\nDeath and legacy\n\nThe 7th Panchen Lama died in 1853. According to R. A. Stein, he \"enjoyed great prestige at the Chinese court.\"\n\nAll the tombs from the 5th to the 9th Panchen Lamas were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution and have been rebuilt by the 10th Panchen Lama with a huge tomb at Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse, known as the Tashi Langyar.\n\nFootnotes\n\nPanchen Lama 07\n1782 births\n1853 deaths\n18th-century Tibetan people\n19th-century Tibetan people", "Lungtok Gyatso, shortened from Lobzang Tenpai Wangchuk Lungtok Gyatso (also spelled Lungtog Gyatso and Luntok Gyatso; 1 December 18056 March 1815), was the 9th Dalai Lama of Tibet. He was the only Dalai Lama to die in childhood and was first of a string of four Dalai Lamas to die before reaching 22 years of age.\n\nEarly life \nUnder auspicious signs, Lungtok Gyatso was born near the monastery of Dan Chokhor (or Denchokor), on 1 December 1805. Many sources render him as an orphan, but others name his parents as Tendzin Chokyong and Dondrub Dolma. A contestant to be the next Dalai Lama since early infancy, the boy was brought to Gungtang monastery near Lhasa, where he was examined by Tibetan officials, including the Qing representatives, the ambans. He was the favored choice of the Eighth Dalai Lama's attendants. He was ultimately identified by the Seventh Panchen Lama, Gedun Choekyi Nyima, who, in 1808, performed the tonsure ceremony and gave him the name Lobzang Tenpai Wangchuk Lungtok Gyatso.\n\nLife as Dalai Lama \n\nIn 1810, he was enthroned at the Potala Palace on the Golden Throne of the Ganden Po-drang Government. This same year the elderly Regent, Ta-task Nga-wang Gon-po died and the De-mo Tul-ku Nga-wang Lo-zang Tub-ten Jig-me Gya-tso (d. 1819) was appointed to replace him.\n\n\"The English explorer Thomas Manning, who reached Lhasa in 1812, described his meeting with the 9th Dalai Lama, who was seven years old at the time, in rhapsodic terms. 'The lama's beautiful and interesting face engrossed all my attention,' Manning wrote. 'He had the simple, unaffected manners of a well-educated princely child. His face was, I thought, affectingly beautiful. He was of a gay and cheerful disposition. I was extremely affected by this interview with the lama. I could have wept through strangeness of sensation.'\"\n\nThe Seventh Panchen Lama gave the boy the vows of novice monk in Lhasa in 1812, on 22 September. Lungtok Gyatso is said to have had a great interest in dharma and sharp intellect, memorizing lengthy prayer texts, root-texts of Abhisamayālaṅkāra, Mādhyamaka and Abhidharmakośa. Ngwang Nyandak (The Sixty-sixth Ganden Tripa), Jangchub Chopel (who later became the Sixty-ninth Ganden Tripa) and Yeshe Gyatso were also among his teachers.\n\nDeath \nThe nine-year-old Dalai Lama came down with a cold at the annual Monlam Prayer Festival. He died in Tibet on 6 March 1815. \"The entire nation was plunged into sorrow\", which lasted until the recognition of the new reincarnation eight years later. His body was installed in a golden reliquary in the Potala Palace called Serdung Sasum Ngonga.\n\n\"During the period of the short-lived Dalai Lamas—from the Ninth to the Twelfth incarnations—the Panchen was the lama of the hour, filling the void left by the four Dalai Lamas who died in their youth.\"\n\nReferences\n\nSources \n \n \n \n \n\n|-\n\n1805 births\n1815 deaths\n9\nRulers who died as children\nChild rulers from Asia\n19th-century Tibetan people" ]

[ "14th Dalai Lama", "International advocacy", "What is the Dalai lamas plan", "Tibet to become a democratic \"zone of peace\"", "When did the Dalai lama go to D.C", "1987", "Where did the Dalai Lama expand", "Strasbourg", "What day did he expand on", "15 June 1988.", "Who was against the Dalai Lama in 2008", "In October 2008 in Japan, the Dalai Lama addressed the 2008 Tibetan violence that had erupted and that the Chinese government accused him of fomenting." ]

[ "My Spiritual Autobiography is a book published in 2009, compiled by from speeches and interviews of the 14th Dalai Lama, .\n\nDescription\nThe book is a compilation of unpublished texts of the Dalai Lama, which is accompanied by comments from the translator and collaborator of the Dalai Lama, Sofia Stril-Rever. Initially, the book was published in French, and in 2010 it became available translated and published in English and Russian.\n\nThe title \"My spiritual autobiography\" may be a little misleading, for in some ways the book does not resemble an autobiography. The book identifies three characteristics – his Compassionate motivation, lack of self-importance and flexibility of mind – while showing the internal coherence of the Dalai Lama's views in their temporal development, and the continuity of these points of view.\n\nThe book is composed of three parts. The first considers universal questions; in the second, the Dalai Lama -as a Buddhist Monk- expressed his hopes for the spiritual transformation of the world through the transformation of each person's mind, and the third provides a History of the Dalai Lama, spiritual master of the Tibetan people, and 14th Dalai Lama's life in exile.\n\nThe book ends with a poem, 'Never Give Up', written by the American writer Ron Whitehead in 1994, inspired by the Dalai Lama.\n\nSee also\nTibetan Buddhism\n\nReferences\n\n14th Dalai Lama\nBooks of Buddhist biography\n2009 non-fiction books", "The Universe in a Single Atom is a book by Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama and published in 2005 by Morgan Road Books. In this book Dalai Lama engages in several scientific areas. He explores the topics of quantum physics, cosmology, consciousness and genetics in relation to Buddhism.\n\nRationale \n\nTenzin Gyatso, at the age of 6, was chosen as the 14th Dalai Lama. He is believed to be the reincarnation of his predecessors. At an early age, Gyatso showed interest in science and the scientific method. In this book, \"The Universe in a Single Atom\", Tenzin Gyatso explores the commonality and difference between Buddhism and scientific argumentation.\n\nBeginnings in Science \n\nIn this book, \"The Universe in a Single Atom,\" The Dalai Lama exhibits humble beginnings in science, including finding a brass telescope from the thirteenth Dalai Lama. With the telescope, he was able to find \"the rabbit on the moon,\" a Tibetan saying for a landform on the moon. Utilizing other apparatuses such as cars and watches, the Dalai Lama took interest in the mechanical operations of the objects.\n\nCommonality between Buddhism and Science \n\nIn the book, The Dalai Lama creates exigency for the peaceful relationship between Buddhism and science. The goal is to mitigate human suffering from both Buddhist philosophy and science. Scientists and Buddhists acknowledge that Buddhists use sensory perceptions and introspective thinking requiring cooperation of the body. In the 1980s, The Dalai Lama sought scientific advice from Francisco Varela. A product of the meeting was Varela's realization that the act of meditation through introspective thinking could complement science.\n\nQuantum Physics and Buddhism \n\nBuddhist teachings prove everything is changing and transitory. Essentially, thoughts come into our minds, then move on. Buddhists believe this is what causes suffering. The Dalai Lama believes in justifying the concept of micro-matter through the definition of inconsistent flow. The nature of a paradoxical reality mirrors the Buddhist philosophy of emptiness. Quantum physics debates the sustainability of having the notion of reality, as defined by Buddhist philosophy.\n\nCosmology and Buddhism \n\nOne way Buddhists and scientists agree is their understanding of the Buddha's lack of explanation for the formation of the universe. However, Buddhist cosmologists have created the notion of a universe that has a form, expands, and then is destructive. Both sides, science, and Buddhist cosmologists, do not immediately resort to creating a Godly being as the origin of all matter. Moreover, in Buddhism, the universe is depicted as infinite and beginningless. The Dalai Lama wishes, in the book, to venture beyond the big bang and process thoughts about the possible structures and activity before the big bang.\n\nConsciousness and Buddhism \n\nAccording to Dr. Hugh Murdoch of The Theosophical Society Australia, the concept of consciousness has been insignificantly proven through scientific study. The Dalai Lama asks the question for scientists, what about the direct observation of consciousness itself? The concept of consciousness was discussed by the Buddha who said the mind is paramount above all things. Buddhists believe in the concept of matter, mind, and mental states. The Dalai Lama wishes for scientists to quit questioning if consciousness is favored in dualism, or materialism and study through the first-person perspective.\n\nGenetics and Buddhism \n\nBuddhists believe the primary purpose of life is to eliminate suffering. The Dalai Lama has no objection to cloning, only if it is based on altruistic motivation. The Dalai Lama supports the human genome project because it shows the difference between different ethnicities is minimal at best.\n\nCritical reception \n\nAfter closely analyzing The Universe in a Single Atom, Michael Shermer, publisher of Skeptic Magazine, concludes, \" So I would caution both Christians and Buddhists alike: be careful what you wish for in this endeavor to unify science and religion-you may not like what you find.\"\nArthur Zajonc, president of the Mind and Life Institute states, \"The Universe in a Single Atom is an open-minded engagement between intellectual traditions, an engagement that enriches our shrinking planet.\" Critic Lisa Liquori states,\"Though the Dalai Lama aims to reach a wide audience and offers a fair, nicely written, and thoughtful treatise, the subject matter will primarily appeal to spiritual types and to altruistic, ethical physicists and biologists.\n\nReferences \n\n2005 non-fiction books\nBooks by the 14th Dalai Lama\nPhilosophical literature\nBuddhist philosophy" ]

[ "14th Dalai Lama", "International advocacy", "What is the Dalai lamas plan", "Tibet to become a democratic \"zone of peace\"", "When did the Dalai lama go to D.C", "1987", "Where did the Dalai Lama expand", "Strasbourg", "What day did he expand on", "15 June 1988.", "Who was against the Dalai Lama in 2008", "In October 2008 in Japan, the Dalai Lama addressed the 2008 Tibetan violence that had erupted and that the Chinese government accused him of fomenting.", "What does the Dalai Lama want", "The Dalai Lama is an advocate for a world free of nuclear weapons," ]

[ "\"Now I Run\" is a song by Australian singer Shannon Noll. Released in April 2006, it was the third single from his second album, Lift (2005). The song was praised by music critics, with influential Australian music reviewer Cameron Adams naming \"Now I Run\" as one of his top singles of 2006, describing it as \"So soaked in raw emotion you can imagine the goose bumps on his arms as he's singing\".\n\nCommercially, the single peaked at number six on the Australian Singles Chart. Noll performed the song during a special episode of the Nine Network's The Footy Show in Beaconsfield, Tasmania, to celebrate the rescue of trapped miners Todd Russell and Brant Webb. B-side \"What Does It Do to Your Heart\" was later included on Noll's UK debut album, What Matters the Most (2009).\n\nTrack listings\nAustralian CD single and digital download EP\n \"Now I Run\" – 3:44\n \"What Does It Do to Your Heart\" – 3:16\n \"I'll Be Around\" – 3:29\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2006 singles\nShannon Noll songs\nSongs written by Peter Gordeno (musician)\nSongs written by Shannon Noll", "Skinnerbox is a third wave ska band formed in New York City in the late 1980s by King Django.\n\nDiscography\n\nFull Length\nInstrumental Conditioning (Stubborn) 1990)\nNow & Then (Stubborn) (1992)\nTales of the Red (Stubborn) (1993)\nWhat You Can Do, What You Can't (Moon Ska) (1997)\nDemonstration (Triple Crown Records/Stubborn)(1998)\n\nEPs\nSunken Treasure (Stubborn) (1994)\n\n7\" Singles\n\"Does He Love You\" b/w \"Right Side\" (Stubborn) (1993)\nHepcat Season b/w I Got To Know (Stubborn) (1998)\n\nCompilations\nSpecial Wild 1989-1994 (Stubborn) (1996)\n\nReferences\n\nAmerican ska musical groups\nThird-wave ska groups\nTriple Crown Records artists" ]

[ "14th Dalai Lama", "International advocacy", "What is the Dalai lamas plan", "Tibet to become a democratic \"zone of peace\"", "When did the Dalai lama go to D.C", "1987", "Where did the Dalai Lama expand", "Strasbourg", "What day did he expand on", "15 June 1988.", "Who was against the Dalai Lama in 2008", "In October 2008 in Japan, the Dalai Lama addressed the 2008 Tibetan violence that had erupted and that the Chinese government accused him of fomenting.", "What does the Dalai Lama want", "The Dalai Lama is an advocate for a world free of nuclear weapons,", "What does he do now", "currently serves on the Advisory Council of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation." ]

[ "Ananth Vaidyanathan (born November 1st 1957) is an Indian singing trainer, who is popular for his appearances on reality singing television shows. He is often regarded as India's leading voice expert. He has also worked on few films as an actor and as a playback singer.\n\nCareer\nAnanth Vaidyanathan was born in Jamshedpur and began studying music from veterans T. M. Thiagarajan and Sangita Kalanidhi at the age of seven. He earned an MBA from XLRI - Xavier School of Management and also obtained his undergraduate degree in Economics from the Loyola College, Chennai. After completing his higher studies, he then joined the ITC Sangeet Research Academy, a musical academy in Kolkata at the age of 24. During his early career as a singing trainer, he was labelled himself as a victim of wrong vocal techniques. He also confronted issues regarding the voice while training in Hindustani music while being professionally trained in classical music. In his early 20s, he also lost his speaking voice and was advised to sing slowly due to his vocal issues. Despite the odds, he became a professional voice expert in the 1990s and started conducting workshops across various parts of the country.\n\nHe began teaching music from 2003, giving voice lessons and training to contestants on various Indian TV reality shows from 2006. He also established a voice training academy Ananth Vaidyanathan Gurukulam in Coimbatore. During his television career as a voice expert, he has worked as a part of the Airtel Super Singer and Josco Indian Voice-Mazhavil Manorama shows, where he provides voice training to the contestants.\n\nIn 2010, he appeared as an actor in Bala's Tamil comedy drama film, Avan Ivan, where he portrayed a polygamist who was the father of the two lead characters, played by Vishal and Arya. In 2018, he took part as one of the sixteen contestants in the Tamil reality television show Bigg Boss hosted by Kamal Haasan. He was the second contestant to be eliminated from the show, departing on day 21. He also made a special appearance as a politician in the film LKG.\n\nFilmography \n Avan Ivan as Srikanth (2011)\n LKG as Avudaiyappan (2019)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1957 births\nLiving people\nPeople from Jamshedpur\nIndian actors\nIndian educators\nIndian male singers\nSingers from Jharkhand\nActors from Jharkhand\nLoyola College, Chennai alumni\nXLRI – Xavier School of Management alumni\nBigg Boss (Tamil TV series) contestants", "Joseph Tapley Dougherty (November 4, 1898 – April 19, 1978) was an American actor, who provided the original voice of the Warner Bros. animation character, Porky Pig, starting with the character's debut in I Haven't Got a Hat in 1935 through Porky's Romance in 1937. Treg Brown changed his voice for Porky. Due to his stutter, Count Cutelli was brought for additional lines due to the length of the audio and budgetary issues. \n\nAfter that, Mel Blanc took over the role and voiced Porky for 52 years. Dougherty spoke with a natural stutter which became one of the character's trademarks; Dougherty's inability to control his stutter was a factor in the part being recast. According to Friz Freleng, the director of I Haven't Got a Hat, Dougherty would get nervous every time they said cut. Freleng also called the casting for someone who stuttered and they landed on Dougherty.\n\nEarly life and career\nDougherty was born in Missouri. Before becoming an actor, Dougherty attended medical school at the University of Nebraska, where he was a member of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity. When Friz Freleng needed someone who had stuttering issues do the role of Porky Pig, the casting director hired Dougherty. Dougherty would continue voicing the character from 1935 until 1937 where Mel Blanc took over the role of the character because Dougherty could not control his stuttering issues. \n\nBefore he was fired, Count Cutelli was bought in to provide the additional lines for Porky.\n\nDeath\nDougherty died on April 19, 1978 in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack. He was 79 years old.\n\nPartial filmography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1898 births\n1978 deaths\nPeople from Missouri\nAmerican male voice actors\n20th-century American male actors\nPeople with speech impediment\nWarner Bros. Cartoons voice actors" ]

[ "Patrick Dempsey", "Personal life" ]

[ "William Ryerson Dempsey (1832 – 1914) was a farmer and politician in Ontario, Canada. He represented Prince Edward in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1898 to 1902 as a Conservative member.\n\nThe son of William Dempsey and Sarah Mikel, he was born in Prince Edward County, Upper Canada and was educated at the normal school in Toronto. Dempsey taught school for several years and then became a fruit grower and fruit dealer. He served as township reeve for six years and was warden for Prince Edward County, also serving as a justice of the peace. Dempsey was a captain in the militia during the Fenian raids. He married Emily Boulter.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1832 births\n1934 deaths\nPeople from Prince Edward County, Ontario\nProgressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs", "William Harrison \"Jack\" Dempsey (June 24, 1895 – May 31, 1983), nicknamed Kid Blackie, and The Manassa Mauler, was an American professional boxer who competed from 1914 to 1927, and reigned as the world heavyweight champion from 1919 to 1926. A cultural icon of the 1920s, Dempsey's aggressive fighting style and exceptional punching power made him one of the most popular boxers in history. Many of his fights set financial and attendance records, including the first million-dollar gate. He pioneered the live broadcast of sporting events in general, and boxing matches in particular.\n\nDempsey is ranked tenth on The Ring magazine's list of all-time heavyweights and seventh among its Top 100 Greatest Punchers, while in 1950 the Associated Press voted him as the greatest fighter of the past 50 years. He is a member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, and was in the previous Boxing Hall of Fame.\n\nEarly life and career\n\nEarly life\nBorn William Harrison Dempsey in Manassa, Colorado, he grew up in Colorado and West Virginia. The son of Mary Celia (née Smoot) and Hiram Dempsey, he was of part Irish ancestry and also claimed to be partially Cherokee.\n\nFamily background in West Virginia\nWilliam A. Dempsey, of Logan County identified his son John Dempsey, Jr. of Mud Fork of Island Creek as executor of his last will and testament dated May 1, 1875. Upon payment of his debts and funeral expenses, he directed that his wife Mahulda receive the balance of his personal property while his six children receive an equal share of his real estate. His last will and testament, as witnessed by Estella, John, and Hiram Dempsey, was presented to the Logan County clerk on August 10, 1875.\n\nHiram and Celia Dempsey, parents to Jack, left West Virginia in 1887. One newspaper referred to them as \"active workers\" for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.\n\nManassa, Colorado\nDempsey was baptized into The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in 1903 following his eighth birthday, the \"age of accountability\", according to church doctrine.\n\nLogan County, West Virginia\nHiram Dempsey and his family returned to Logan County when Jack was a small boy where he was raised until shortly before commencement of his boxing career. Said the Logan Banner: \"While he was a mere child they returned to Logan county. Jack remained here until a young man, having been employed by the Gay Coal and Coke Company as late as 1913, and then went west alone to seek pugilistic fortune. He met Jack Kearns on the Pacific coast, from which point his spectacular climb to the pinnacle of the heavyweight division furnished the sport with one of its most romantic episodes.\" In January 1924, the Banner reported on Dempsey's trip from New York to Florida, stating that he \"used to call Logan home.\" In August 1926, the Banner reported how local boxer Bear Cat Clemons sparred two rounds per day with Dempsey at Sarasota Lake, New York, remarking: \"When Dempsey and Clemons face each other in the squared circle, it is Logan county versus Logan county.\" The Banner, in a small September 1926 item, provided more history about Dempsey's Logan County roots: \"The Dempsey family at one time lived on Mud Fork and another period near the Logan-Mingo line. Many relatives live in the two counties; and they as well as his former friends have taken pride in his prowess and successes. As a boy Jack and O.D. Avis, sports editor of The Banner, used to set up pins in a bowling alley on the Main street corner now occupied by the Logan garage.\" In June 1927, former Logan County sheriff Don Chafin traveled to New York to watch the Dempsey-Sharkey fight. The Logan Banner reported: \"Mr. Chafin has attended every fight in which Dempsey has participated since he won the world's championship in Toledo. They have been close friends since Dempsey was a boy and a familiar figure about Logan.\"\n\nCelia Dempsey, mother to Jack and at that time a resident of Utah, visited Huntington and Logan in September 1927. Said the Logan Banner: \"Interviewed at Huntington Mrs. Dempsey told of her desire to revisit girlhood scenes and inquired about old friends. She spoke of Uncle Dyke Garrett and was pleasantly surprised to learn that he is still living. Uncle Dyke read the interview and despite the nearness of his 86th birthday, came back up from his home back of Chapmanville to welcome Mrs. Dempsey. This beloved old mountain minister never knew Jack Dempsey, but he remembers Jack’s mother as a girl, her maiden name being Cecilia Smoot. She was a daughter of Charles Smoot, who came to Logan from Boone County, and who lived and died up on Island Creek. After his death, Mrs. Smoot (Jack Dempsey’s grandmother) married Simpson Ellis, who died but a few years ago, after serving a long period on the county court. Scott Justice, who divides his time between Huntington and Logan, was among those who greeted Mrs. Dempsey at the Huntington Hotel yesterday. He remembers the marriage of Hiram Dempsey and Cecilia Smoot, and also recalls that the site on which the town of Holden now stands was sold by Hiram Dempsey to Mr. Justice’s father when the family decided to migrate westward. According to Mr. Justice, the tract of 200 acres changed hands for a consideration of $600. 'Uncle' Enoch Baker was another caller to greet the challenger’s mother. Mr. Baker was engaged in business in Logan county when the Dempseys lived here, being well acquainted with the family. While in Logan, Mrs. Dempsey will visit her half-brothers, Don Ellis of Stratton Street, and Joseph and John B. Ellis of Island Creek, and others.\" Mrs. Dempsey spent six days in Logan, quartering at the Aracoma Hotel. Her departure yielded an additional story: \"By the time they reached Sharples Mrs. Dempsey missed a hatbox containing a $3500 watch, a gift from her famous son, and two valuable rings. They returned at once to Logan and after an anxious search found the missing box with contents undisturbed alongside the Washington apartments. Evidently it had fallen into the street and some passerby had placed it against the building, presumably without knowledge or curiosity as to the nature of its contents. While Mrs. Dempsey seemed to have enjoyed her visit in West Virginia and expressed a hope that she could come back next year for a longer stay, she said she wouldn’t want to live back here again because of the difference in climate. However, the people are more sociable here, she added, and are much more friendly upon first acquaintance.\"\n\nKid Blackie\n\nBecause his father had difficulty finding work, the family traveled often and Dempsey dropped out of elementary school to work and left home at the age of 16. Due to his lack of money, he frequently traveled underneath trains and slept in hobo camps. Desperate for money, Dempsey would occasionally visit saloons and challenge for fights, saying \"I can't sing and I can't dance, but I can lick any SOB in the house.\" If anyone accepted the challenge, bets would be made. According to Dempsey's autobiography, he rarely lost these barroom brawls. For a short time, Dempsey was a part-time bodyguard for Thomas F. Kearns, president of The Salt Lake Tribune and son of Utah's U.S. Senator Thomas Kearns.\n\nDempsey often fought under the pseudonym, \"Kid Blackie\", although during his stint in the Salt Lake City area, he went by \"Young Dempsey\". Much of his early career is not recorded, and stated thus, in The Ring Record Book as compiled by Nat Fleischer.\n\nJack Dempsey\nHe first competed as \"Jack Dempsey\" (by his own recollection) in the fall of 1914, in Cripple Creek, Colorado. His brother, Bernie, who often fought under the pseudonym \"Jack Dempsey\"—this a common practice of the day, in fighters' admiration of middleweight boxer and former champion, Jack \"Nonpareil\" Dempsey—had signed to fight veteran George Copelin. Upon learning Copelin had sparred with then current world heavyweight champion Jack Johnson, and given Bernie Dempsey was nearing 40 years of age, he strategically decided to back out of the fight. He substituted his brother, still unknown in Eastern Colorado, as \"Jack Dempsey\". The fans at ringside immediately knew this was not the man they had paid to see.\n\nThe promoter became violently angry and \"sailed into us, barehanded\", threatening to stop the fight. Copelin himself, who outweighed Dempsey by 20 lbs. (165 to 145) upon seeing Dempsey's small stature in the ring, warned the promoter, \"I might kill that skinny guy.\" The promoter reluctantly permitted the fight to commence, and in his first outing as \"Jack Dempsey\", the future champion downed Copelin six times in the first round and twice in the second. From there, it was a battle of attrition (\"Neither Bernie nor I had taken into consideration the high altitude at Cripple Creek.\"), until a last knockdown of Copelin in the seventh, moved the referee to make the then-unusual move of stopping the fight once Copelin regained his feet. According to Dempsey \"In those days they didn't stop mining-town fights as long as one guy could move.\" This trial by fire carried with it a $100 purse. The promoter, angered at the switch pulled by the brothers, had laid no promised side bets, \"... and even if I did, I wouldn't give you anything.\"\n\nSuch lessons were hard, but fighting was something Jack Dempsey did well. Following the name change, Dempsey won six bouts in a row by knockout before losing on a disqualification in four rounds to Jack Downey. During this early part of his career, Dempsey campaigned in Utah, frequently entering fights in towns in the Wasatch Mountain Range region. He followed his loss against Downey with a knockout win and two draws versus Johnny Sudenberg in Nevada. Three more wins and a draw followed when he met Downey again, this time resulting in a four-round draw. Following these wins, Dempsey racked up 10 more wins that included matches against Sudenberg and Downey, knocking out Downey in two rounds. These wins were followed with three no-decision matches, although at this point in the history of boxing, the use of judges to score a fight was often forbidden, so if a fight went the distance, it was called a draw or a no decision, depending on the state or county where the fight was held.\n\nAfter the United States entered World War I in 1917, Dempsey worked in a shipyard and continued to box. Afterward, he was accused by some boxing fans of being a slacker for not enlisting. This remained a black mark on his reputation until 1920, when evidence produced showed he had registered with the U.S. Army, but been exempted due to hardship (having a dependent wife). After the war, Dempsey spent two years in Salt Lake City, \"bumming around\" as he called it, before returning to the ring.\n\nWorld heavyweight champion\n\nAmong his opponents as a rising contender were Fireman Jim Flynn, the only boxer ever to beat Dempsey by a knockout when Dempsey lost to him in the first round (although some boxing historians believe the fight was a \"fix\"), and Gunboat Smith, formerly a highly ranked contender who had beaten both World Champion Jess Willard and Hall of Famer Sam Langford. Dempsey beat Smith for the third time on a second-round knockout.\n\nBefore he employed the long-experienced Jack Kearns as his manager, Dempsey was first managed by John J. Reisler.\n\nOne year later, in 1918, Dempsey fought in 17 matches, going 15–1 with one no-decision. One of those fights was with Flynn, who was knocked out by Dempsey, coincidentally, in the first round. Among other matches won that year were against Light Heavyweight Champion Battling Levinsky, Bill Brennan, Fred Fulton, Carl E. Morris, Billy Miske, heavyweight Lefty Jim McGettigan, and Homer Smith. In 1919, he won five consecutive regular bouts by knockout in the first round as well as a one-round special bout.\n\nTitle fight and controversy\nOn July 4, 1919, Dempsey and world heavyweight champion Jess Willard met at Toledo for the world title. Pro lightweight fighter Benny Leonard predicted a victory for the 6'1\", 187 pound Dempsey even though Willard, known as the \"Pottawatamie Giant\", was 6'6½\" tall and 245 pounds. Ultimately, Willard was knocked down seven times by Dempsey in the first round.\n\nAccounts of the fight reported that Willard suffered a broken jaw, broken ribs, several broken teeth, and a number of deep fractures to his facial bones. This aroused suspicion that Dempsey had cheated, with some questioning how the force capable of causing such damage had been transmitted through Dempsey's knuckles without fracturing them.\n\nOther reports, however, failed to mention Willard suffered any real injuries. The New York Times account of the fight described severe swelling visible on one side of Willard's face, but did not mention any broken bones. A still photograph of Willard following the fight appears to show discoloration and swelling on his face.\n\nFollowing the match, Willard was quoted as saying, \"Dempsey is a remarkable hitter. It was the first time that I had ever been knocked off my feet. I have sent many birds home in the same bruised condition that I am in, and now I know how they felt. I sincerely wish Dempsey all the luck possible and hope that he garnishes all the riches that comes with the championship. I have had my fling with the title. I was champion for four years and I assure you that they'll never have to give a benefit for me. I have invested the money I have made\". Willard later said he had been defeated by \"gangsterism\".\n\nAfter being fired by Dempsey, manager Jack Kearns gave an account of the fight in the January 20, 1964, issue of Sports Illustrated that has become known as the \"loaded gloves theory\". In the interview, Kearns said he had informed Dempsey he had wagered his share of the purse favoring a Dempsey win with a first-round knockout. Kearns further stated he had applied plaster of Paris to the wrappings on the fighter's hands.\n\nBoxing historian J. J. Johnston said, \"the films show Willard upon entering the ring walking over to Dempsey and examining his hands.\" That, along with an experiment conducted by a boxing magazine designed to re-enact the fight have been noted as proof that Kearns' story was false.\n\nThe Ring founder and editor Nat Fleischer said he had been present when Dempsey's hands were wrapped, stating, \"Jack Dempsey had no loaded gloves, and no plaster of Paris over his bandages. I watched the proceedings and the only person who had anything to do with the taping of Jack's hands was Deforest. Kearns had nothing to do with it, so his plaster of Paris story is simply not true.\"\n\nDeforest himself said that he regarded the stories of Dempsey's gloves being loaded as libel, calling them \"trash\", and said he did not apply any foreign substance to them, \"which I can verify since I watched the taping.\" Sports writer Red Smith, in Dempsey's obituary published by The New York Times was openly dismissive of the claim.\n\nAnother rumor is that Dempsey used a knuckleduster during the first round. Some speculated that the object used was a rail spike. In the Los Angeles Times on July 3, 1979, Joe Stone, an ex-referee and boxing writer, asserted that in a film taken of the fight an object on the canvas could be seen after the final knockdown. He further asserted that the object appears to be removed by someone from Dempsey's corner. In the same film, however, Dempsey can be seen at various times during the fight pushing and holding with Willard with the palm of the glove in question and holding on to the ropes with both hands, making it next to impossible that he had any foreign object embedded in his glove, and the 'object' resembles a cigar.\n\nFurther controversy was fueled by the fact that Dempsey left the ring at the end of the first round, thinking the fight was over. This was seen as a violation of the rules, however Willard's corner did not ask for enforcement in order for the referee to disqualify Dempsey.\n\nTitle defenses\n\nFollowing his victory, Dempsey traveled around the country, making publicity appearances with circuses, staging exhibitions, and appearing in a low-budget Hollywood movie. Dempsey did not defend his title until September 1920, with a fight against Billy Miske in Benton Harbor, Michigan. Miske was knocked out in three rounds.\n\nDempsey's second title defense was in December 1920 against Bill Brennan at Madison Square Garden, New York City. After 10 rounds, Brennan was ahead on points, and Dempsey's left ear was bleeding profusely. Dempsey rebounded to stop Brennan in the 12th round.\n\nJack Dempsey vs. Georges Carpentier\n\nDempsey's next defending fight was against French WW I hero Georges Carpentier, a fighter popular on both sides of the Atlantic. The bout was promoted by Tex Rickard and George Bernard Shaw, who claimed that Carpentier was \"the greatest boxer in the world\".\n\nThe Dempsey–Carpentier contest took place on July 2, 1921, at Boyle's Thirty Acres in Jersey City, New Jersey. It generated the first million-dollar gate in boxing history; a crowd of 91,000 watched the fight. Though it was deemed \"the Fight of the Century\", experts anticipated a one-sided win for Dempsey. Radio pioneer RCA arranged for live coverage of the match via KDKA, making the event the first national radio broadcast.\n\nCarpentier wobbled Dempsey with a hard right in the second round. A reporter at ringside, however, counted 25 punches from Dempsey in a single 31-second exchange soon after he was supposedly injured by the right. Carpentier also broke his thumb in that round, which crippled his chances. Dempsey ended up winning the match in the fourth round.\n\nDempsey did not defend his title again until July 1923 against Tommy Gibbons in Shelby, Montana. Dempsey won the match as result of a 15-round decision.\n\nThe last successful title defense for Dempsey was in September 1923 at New York City's Polo Grounds in Dempsey vs. Firpo. Attendance was 85,000, with another 20,000 trying to get inside the arena. Firpo was knocked down repeatedly by Dempsey, yet continued to battle back, even knocking Dempsey down twice. On the second occasion he was floored, Dempsey flew head-first through the ring ropes, landing on a ringside reporter's typewriter. At this point he was out of the ring for approximately 14 seconds, less than the 20 second rule for out-of-ring knockouts. Nevertheless, he was helped back into the ring by the writers at ringside. Ultimately, Dempsey beat Argentine contender Luis Ángel Firpo with a second-round KO. The fight was transmitted live by radio to Buenos Aires.\n\nDempsey's heavyweight title-defending fights, exhibition fights, movies, and endorsements, made Dempsey one of the richest athletes in the world, putting him on the cover of Time.\n\nTime off from boxing\n\nDempsey did not defend his title for three years following the Firpo fight. There was pressure from the public and the media for Dempsey to defend his title against Black contender Harry Wills. Disagreement exists among boxing historians as to whether Dempsey avoided Wills, though Dempsey claimed he was willing to fight him. When he originally won the title, however, he had said he would no longer fight Black boxers.\n\nInstead of continuing to defend his title, Dempsey earned money with boxing exhibitions, product endorsements, and by appearing in films, such as the adventure film serial Daredevil Jack. Dempsey also did a lot of traveling, spending, and partying. During this time away from competitive fighting, Dempsey married actress Estelle Taylor in 1925 and fired his long-time trainer/manager Jack \"Doc\" Kearns. Kearns repeatedly sued Dempsey for large sums of money following his firing.\n\nIn April 1924, Dempsey was appointed to an executive position in the Irish Worker League (IWL). The IWL was a Soviet-backed Communist group founded in Dublin by Irish labour leader Jim Larkin.\n\nLoss of title\nIn September 1926, Dempsey fought the Irish American and former U.S. Marine Gene Tunney in Philadelphia, a fighter who had only lost once in his career. In spite of his record and Dempsey's inactivity, Tunney was considered the underdog against Dempsey.\n\nThe match ended in an upset, with Dempsey losing his title on points in 10 rounds. When the defeated Dempsey returned to his dressing room, he explained his loss to his wife by saying, \"Honey, I forgot to duck.\" Fifty-five years later president Ronald Reagan borrowed this quote when his wife Nancy visited him in the emergency room after the attempt on his life.\n\nPost-title loss\n\nFollowing his loss of the heavyweight title, Dempsey contemplated retiring but decided to try a comeback. It was during this time period that tragedy struck his family when his brother, John Dempsey, shot his estranged wife Edna (aged 21) and then killed himself in a murder–suicide, leaving behind a two-year-old son, Bruce. Dempsey was called upon to identify the bodies and was emotionally affected by the incident.\n\nDuring a July 21, 1927 fight at Yankee Stadium, Dempsey knocked out future heavyweight champion Jack Sharkey in the seventh round. The fight was an elimination bout for a title shot against Tunney. Sharkey was beating Dempsey until the end. The fight ended controversially when Sharkey claimed Dempsey had been hitting him below the belt. When Sharkey turned to the referee to complain, he left himself unprotected. Dempsey crashed a left hook onto his foe's chin, and Sharkey was unable to beat the ten-count.\n\nTunney rematch: \"The Long Count\"\n\nThe Dempsey–Tunney rematch took place in Chicago, Illinois, on September 22, 1927 one day less than a year after losing his title to Tunney. Generating more interest than the Carpentier and Firpo bouts, the fight brought in a record-setting $2 million gate. Reportedly, gangster Al Capone offered to fix the rematch in his favor, but the referee was changed to prevent that from happening. Millions around the country listened to the match by radio while hundreds of reporters covered the event. Tunney was paid a record one million dollars for the rematch. Today's equivalent in U.S currency would be approximately $.00.\n\nDempsey was losing the fight on points when in the seventh round he knocked Tunney down with a left hook to the chin then landed several more punches. A new rule instituted at the time of the fight mandated that when a fighter knocked down an opponent, he must immediately go to a neutral corner. Dempsey, however, refused to immediately move to the neutral corner when instructed by the referee. The referee had to escort Dempsey to the neutral corner, which bought Tunney at least an extra five seconds to recover. Even though the official timekeeper clocked 14 seconds Tunney was down, Tunney got up at the referee's count of 9. Dempsey then attempted to finish Tunney off before the end of the round, but failed to do so. Tunney dropped Dempsey for a count of one in round eight and won the final two rounds of the fight, retaining the title of world heavyweight champion on a unanimous decision. Ironically, the neutral corner rule was requested during negotiations by members of the Dempsey camp. Another discrepancy was, when Tunney knocked Dempsey down, the timekeeper started the count immediately, not waiting for Tunney to move to a neutral corner. Because of the controversial nature of the fight due to the neutral corner rule and conflicting counts, the Dempsey–Tunney rematch remains known as \"The Long Count Fight\".\n\nPost-retirement life\n\nDempsey retired from boxing following the Tunney rematch, but continued doing exhibition bouts with over one hundred matches between 1930 and 1931 alone. Following retirement, Dempsey became known as a philanthropist. In June 1932, he sponsored the \"Ride of Champions\" bucking horse event at Reno, Nevada with the \"Dempsey Trophy\" going to legendary bronc rider Pete Knight. In 1933, Dempsey was approached by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to portray a boxer in the film, The Prizefighter and the Lady, directed by W. S. Van Dyke and co-starring Myrna Loy. Dempsey portrayed himself in the role of referee of the climactic fight between Max Baer (playing the role of Steve Morgan) and Primo Carnera (playing himself), a fictional battle that foreshadowed their actual championship bout only a year later. Dempsey attempted a boxing comeback in 1940 at the age of 45, setting a match against Cowboy Lutrell on July 1st. The fight resulted in Dempsey knocking Lutrell out in the second round. Dempsey would win two more exhibitions with early knockouts before deciding to call off the comeback and retire for good.\n\nThe Riviera del Pacifico Cultural and Convention Center in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, built in 1930, was a gambling casino supposedly financed by Al Capone and managed by Jack Dempsey. Its clientele included Myrna Loy, Lana Turner and Dolores del Río.\n\nIn 1935, Dempsey opened Jack Dempsey's Restaurant in New York City on Eighth Avenue and 50th Street, across from the third Madison Square Garden. The restaurant's name was later changed to Jack Dempsey's Broadway Restaurant when it relocated to Times Square on Broadway between 49th and 50th Streets. It remained open until 1974. Dempsey was also a co-owner of the Howard Manor in Palm Springs, California.\n\nDempsey married four times; his first two wives were Maxine Gates (married from 1916 to 1919) and Estelle Taylor (married in 1925). Dempsey divorced Taylor in 1930, and married Broadway singer and recent divorcee Hannah Williams in 1933. Williams was previously married to bandleader Roger Wolfe Kahn. Dempsey and Williams had two children together and divorced in 1943. Dempsey then married Deanna Piatelli, remaining married to her until his death in 1983. The couple had one child, a daughter, whom they adopted together, and who would later write a book on Dempsey's life with Piatelli.\n\nService during World War II\n\nWhen the United States entered World War II, Dempsey had an opportunity to refute any remaining criticism of his war record of two decades earlier. Dempsey joined the New York State Guard and was given a commission as a first lieutenant, later resigning that commission to accept a commission as a lieutenant in the Coast Guard Reserve. Dempsey reported for duty in June 1942 at Coast Guard Training Station, Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn, New York, where he was assigned as \"Director of Physical Education\". As part of the ongoing war effort, Dempsey made personal appearances at fights, camps, hospitals and war bond drives. Dempsey was promoted to lieutenant commander in December 1942 and commander in March 1944. In 1944, Dempsey was assigned to the transport . In 1945, he was on board the attack transport for the invasion of Okinawa. Dempsey also spent time aboard the , where he spent time showing the crew sparring techniques. Dempsey was released from active duty in September 1945 and received an honorable discharge from the Coast Guard Reserve in 1952.\n\nLater life\n\nDempsey authored a book on boxing titled Championship Fighting: Explosive Punching and Aggressive Defense and published in 1950. The book emphasizes knockout power derived from enabling fast motion from one's heavy bodyweight.\n\nAfter the world-famous Louis-Schmeling fight, Dempsey stated he was glad he never had to face Joe Louis in the ring; when Louis eventually fell on hard times financially, Dempsey served as honorary chairman of a relief fund to assist him.\n\nDempsey made friends with former opponents Wills and Tunney after retirement, with Dempsey campaigning for Tunney's son, Democrat John V. Tunney, when he successfully ran for the U.S. Senate, from California. He was also one of many boxers to attend the funeral of Feab S. Williams, who boxed under the name of George Godfrey.\n\nOne of Dempsey's best friends was Judge John Sirica, who presided over the Watergate trials.\n\nLegacy\nDempsey was an inaugural 1954 inductee to The Ring magazine's Boxing Hall of Fame (disbanded in 1987), and was an inaugural 1990 inductee to the International Boxing Hall of Fame. In 1970, Dempsey became part of the \"charter class\" in the Utah Sports Hall of Fame.\n\nHe recounted an incident where he was assaulted while walking home at night, telling the press in 1971 that the two young muggers attempted to grab his arms, but he broke free and laid them both out cold on the sidewalk. The story of the encounter appeared in the Hendersonville Times-News, and reported the incident had taken place \"a few years [earlier]\".\nIn 1977, in collaboration with his daughter Barbara Lynn, Dempsey published his autobiography, titled Dempsey. In tribute to his legacy and boxing career, a 2004 PBS documentary summarized \"Dempsey's boxing style consisted of constantly bobbing and weaving. His attacks were furious and sustained. Behind it all was rage. His aggressive behavior prompted a rule that boxers had to retreat to a neutral corner and give opponents who had been knocked down a chance to get up.\" According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, constant attack was his strategic defense.\nIn 2011, Dempsey was posthumously inducted into the Irish American Hall of Fame.\n\nDempsey was a Freemason and member of Kenwood Lodge #800 in Chicago, Illinois.\n\nDeath\nOn May 31, 1983, Dempsey died of heart failure at the age of 87 in New York City. His body was buried at Southampton Cemetery in Southampton, New York.\n\nProfessional boxing record\n\nAll newspaper decisions are officially regarded as \"no decision\" bouts and are not counted in the win/loss/draw column.\n\nPublished works\n\nSee also\nList of heavyweight boxing champions\n\nReferences\n\nFootnotes\n\nNotes\n\nFurther reading\n\n \n Williams, Iain Cameron. The KAHNS of Fifth Avenue: the Crazy Rhythm of Otto Hermann Kahn and the Kahn Family, 2022, iwp publishing, ISBN-13 978-1916146587, chapter 16 - details in-depth Dempsey's marriage to Hannah Williams, the former wife of Otto Hermann Kahn's son Roger Wolfe Kahn.\n\nExternal links\n\nhttps://boxrec.com/media/index.php/NYSAC_World_Heavyweight_Title_Fights\nhttps://boxrec.com/media/index.php/NBA_World_Heavyweight_Title_Fights\nBoxing Hall of Fame\nESPN.com\n\n Jack Dempsey's New York Restaurant\n\nFree Downloadable Menu from Jack Dempsey's New York Restaurant\n\nJack Dempsey at Virtual History\nJack Dempsey profile at Cyber Boxing Zone\nadvertising poster to the Carpentier fight, 1921\n\n \n1895 births\n1983 deaths\nAmerican Freemasons\nLatter Day Saints from Colorado\nAmerican Latter Day Saints\nAmerican people of Irish descent\nAmerican people of Cherokee descent\nBoxers from Colorado\nIrish male boxers\nWorld boxing champions\nBoxers from California\nInternational Boxing Hall of Fame inductees\nNative American sportspeople\nPeople from Manassa, Colorado\nSportspeople from Colorado\nUnited States Coast Guard officers\nWorld heavyweight boxing champions\nAmerican male boxers\nLight-heavyweight boxers\nNew York National Guard personnel\nNational Guard of the United States officers\nUnited States Coast Guard personnel of World War II\nUnited States Coast Guard reservists" ]

[ "Patrick Dempsey", "Personal life", "Was Dempsey ever married?", "Dempsey has been married twice." ]

[ "John H. Bailey (September 22, 1864 – August 27, 1940) was a senator and a representative from the state of Texas.\n\nLife\nJohn H. Bailey was born on September 22, 1864 to Luther Rice Bailey (May 3, 1837- April 28, 1918) and Mary Ellen Crank (1842-1920), one of their nine children. He never married and did not have any children.\n\nPolitics\nHe first was a Texas representative from the 24th-26th sessions (about 6 years). And then served as a Texas Senator from the 34th-39th sessions (15 years 5 months).\n\nReferences\n\n1864 births\n1940 deaths\nTexas state senators\nMembers of the Texas House of Representatives", "Else Hansen (Cathrine Marie Mahs Hansen) also called de Hansen (1720 – 4 September 1784), was the royal mistress of king Frederick V of Denmark. She is his most famous mistress and known in history as Madam Hansen, and was, alongside Charlotte Amalie Winge, one of only two women known to have been long term lovers of the king.\n\nLife\n\nThe background of Else Hansen does not appear to be known. Tradition claims her to be the sister of Frederick's chamber servant Henrik Vilhelm Tillisch, who in 1743 reportedly smuggled in his sister to the king at night, but modern research does not support them to be the same person.\n\nRoyal mistress\nIt is not known exactly when and how Hansen became the lover of the king. Frederick V was known for his debauched life style. According to Dorothea Biehl, the king was known to participate in orgies or 'Bacchus parties', in which he drank alcohol with his male friends while watching female prostitutes stripped naked and danced, after which the king would sometime beat them with his stick and whip them after having been intoxicated by alcohol. These women where economically compensated, but none of them seem to have had any status of a long term mistress, nor did any of the noblewomen and maids-of-honors, which according to rumors where offered to the king by their families in hope of advantages but simply married of as soon as they became pregnant without any potential relationship having been anything but a secret. The relationship between the king and Else Hansen was therefore uncommon.\n\nElse Hansen gave birth to five children with the king between 1746 and 1751, which is why the affair is presumed to have started in 1746 at the latest and ended in 1751 at the earliest. At least her three younger children where all born at the manor Ulriksholm on Funen, a manor owned by Ulrik Frederik von Heinen, brother-in-law of the de facto ruler of Denmark, the kings favorite Adam Gottlob Moltke, who likely arranged the matter. The manor was named after the royal Ulrik Christian Gyldenlove, illegitimate son of a previous king. The king's children with Hansen where baptized in the local parish church near the manor, where they were officially listed as the legitimate children of the wife of a non existent man called \"Frederick Hansen, ship writer from Gothenburg to China\". The frequent trips to Ulriksholm by Hansen as soon as her pregnancies with the king became evident was publicly noted. Neither Else Hansen nor any other of the king's mistresses where ever any official mistress introduced at the royal court, nor did they have any influence upon state affairs whatever, as politics where entrusted by the king to his favorite Moltke.\n\nIn 1752, the relationship between the king and Hansen may have ended – in any case, it was not mentioned more or resulted in any more children. She settled in the property Kejrup near Ulriksholm with her children, officially with the status of \"widow of the late sea captain de Hansen\".\n\nLater life\nAfter the death of Frederick in 1766, she acquired the estate Klarskov on Funen. She sold Klarskov and moved to Odense in 1768. In 1771, however, she bought Klarskov a second time and continued to live there until her death.\n\nHer children were not officially recognized, but unofficially they were taken care of by the royal court: her daughters were given a dowry and married to royal officials and the sons careers where protected, and her grandchildren where also provided with an allowance from the royal house.\n\nAfter Hansen, the king did not have any long term mistress until Charlotte Amalie Winge (1762–66).\n\nLegacy\nAt Frederiksborgmuseet, there are three paintings of Hansen by Jens Thrane the younger from 1764. Hansen is known by Dorothea Biehl's depiction of the decadent court life of Frederick V.\n\nIssue \nHer children were officially listed with the father \"Frederick Hansen, sea captain\".\nFrederikke Margarethe de Hansen (1747–1802)\nFrederikke Catherine de Hansen (1748–1822)\nAnna Marie de Hansen (1749–1812)\nSophie Charlotte de Hansen (1750–1779)\nUlrik Frederik de Hansen (1751–1752)\n\nSources\n Charlotte Dorothea Biehl, Interiører fra Frederik V's Hof, udgivet af Louis Bobé.\n Aage Christens, Slægten de Hansen, 1968.\n\nReferences\n\n1720 births\n1784 deaths\nMistresses of Danish royalty\n18th-century Danish people\n18th-century Danish women landowners\n18th-century Danish landowners" ]

[ "Patrick Dempsey", "Personal life", "Was Dempsey ever married?", "Dempsey has been married twice.", "Did he have any children?", "The couple have three children, daughter Talia Faye (born February 20, 2002), and twin sons Sullivan Patrick and Darby Galen" ]

[ "Rameshwor Karki () is a cinematographer in a Nepali Film Industry. Nepali Film Industry is based in a Nepali language. Nepali movies are totally based in the country of Nepal. He started his career in Nepal by shooting television serial 'Syno kasto kasto',\"Sante ko sapnana\". Afnai Manlai Sodhi Hera was one of his first movies which was well liked by the spectators. Whereas his debut movie was 'Dulahee'. After this he got quite popularity in Nepal based Film Industry and shot many movies, music videos and television commercials.\n\nCarrier\n\nRameshwor Karki's first movie was \"Dulahee\" which was released in 2011. Before this movie he has already worked in many television serials and music videos. At first it was hard for him to struggle through the hardship and building public relation with in the Film Industry. But after release of his first movie his work was liked my many directors and producers in the industry.\n\nLater on he started to work in many big screen movies including \"Saurya\", \"Dulahee\"(Which was the blockbuster in box office.), \"Birashat\", \"A for America\" and his recent movies are \"Kaifiyat\", \"Sushree\", \"Alvida\" and \"Tin Ghumti\".\n\nKarki hasn't only worked in big screen movies but he worked in many Documentaries like \"Diyo\", \"Sapana\"- Nepal Police ( Women Sensitizition in Nepal Police ), \" Liberation\". He worked as cinematographer in many reputetd companies like Hyundai motors, IGT gas, Syenergy, AECC Global, etc.\n\nFilmography\n\nAwards\n\nReferences\n\n1980 births\nLiving people\nNepalese cinematographers", "Baba Bhaskar is an Indian dance choreographer, director, and actor who works mainly in Tamil and Telugu language films in addition to some Hindi, Malayalam, Kannada films.\n\nCareer \n\nHe was born and brought up in Chennai. Due to his interest in dance he started learning dance through Paulraj started And after, he worked as an assistant for Shiva Shankar Master for several years. And after, he worked as a dance assistant under well-known choreographer Raju Sundaram Master for 5 years. Actually Shiva Shankar Master and Raju Sundaram Master taught what is cinema choreography and how the song should be choreographed says Baba Bhaskar master in an interview. He started his film carrier as a background dancer and he has been seen in many Tamil, Telugu films. in long-time wish is to become a successful choreographer in the film industry. And it happens through the Telugu film Kotha Bangaru Lokam which was way back released in 2008. His choreography got attention and later he turns as a choreographer in Tamil film industry too.\nHe turns as choreographer in Tami film through the Kedi which offers him great recognition in Tamil film industry. recognition Kedi, he grabs a chance to choreograph leading actors in the Tamil film industry like Rajinikanth, Vijay, Ajith Kumar, Suriya, Dhanush, Siddharth, Karthi, Vijay Sethupathi, Prabhu Deva, Vishal and more. And also in Telugu Film industry he worked in many leading actors like Nagarjuna , Mahesh Babu , Ram Charan , Varun Sandesh and more. After working as a choreographer for several films including Singam (2010), Bhaskar made his directorial debut with Kuppathu Raja, which released in 2019 after beginning production in 2017. In 2019, he participated as a contestant in Bigg Boss Telugu 3 and became 2nd Runner up.\n\nFilms\n\nAs a choreographer\n\nAs an actor\n\nAs a director\n\nTelevision shows and appearances\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\nIndian film choreographers\nTamil film directors\nFilm directors from Chennai\nLiving people\nArtists from Chennai\n21st-century Indian dancers\n1981 births\nIndian male dancers\nDancers from Tamil Nadu\nFilmfare Awards winners\nIndian choreographers" ]

[ "Patrick Dempsey", "Personal life", "Was Dempsey ever married?", "Dempsey has been married twice.", "Did he have any children?", "The couple have three children, daughter Talia Faye (born February 20, 2002), and twin sons Sullivan Patrick and Darby Galen", "what got him started in this industry?", " Entertainment Weekly put Dempsey's hair on its end-of-the-decade \"best-of\" list," ]

[ "The Denny Hulme Memorial Trophy is a motorsport honour awarded to the competitor who exhibits tenacity to overcome adversity while completing the Targa Tasmania. The award was first made in 1993.\n\nThe award is named in honour of Denny Hulme, a successful New Zealand driver who died in 1992. During that year, he lost the first Targa Tasmania by only 9 seconds to Greg Crick despite competing furiously and having to overcome a number of obstacles that lesser drivers would have baulked at. He was never to return to the event. The day before he died, he commented enthusiastically to the Targa Tasmania founder, John Large, looking forward to the next year's event. John chose to honour the driver by naming the trophy for him and presenting it at the next Targa Tasmania.\n\nThroughout his career, Denny Hulme had earned a reputation for being a fierce competitor and rarely giving up - epitomised by his persistent attempts to claim the win during the 1992 event. So to qualify for the award, a driver must \"overcome extreme hardship and adversity throughout the entire event and must cross the finish line on the Sunday night in Hobart\".\n\nRecipients\n\n 2007 Chris Bowden and Robert van Wegen\n 2008 Adrian Morrisby and David French \n 2009 Philip Blake and John Blake \n 2010 Paul Freestone and Christine Freestone \n 2011 Adam Kaplan and David Kaplan \n 2012 Dennis Sims and Matthew Sims \n 2014 Drew Kent and Ella Kent\n 2016 Oliver Sellars and Michal Zdunek\n\nReferences\n\nAuto racing trophies and awards\nMotorsport in Tasmania", "Nay Htoo Naing (; born 1 January 1979) is a Burmese actor and film director. He is one of the most successful actors in Myanmar's B-rated action film industry and has been regarded as the \"Burmese Chuck Norris\". Throughout his career, he has acted in over 300 films.\n\nEarly life\nNay Htoo Naing was born on 1 January 1979 in Yenangyaung, Magway Region, Myanmar. He applied to Defence Services Academy (D.S.A) after graduating from high school, but he was declined because of failure in some physical tests. Then he moved to Yangon from Yenangyaung to pursue a career in show business.\n\nCareer\nNay Htoo Naing did not have any connections to the Burmese film industry before starting out his career as a worker, security guard and eventually as an actor. But then, at the age of 20, he grasped his first chance to be in front of a camera. He did not go to any formal school or training courses to study acting; however he says director Aung Min Thein is his mentor and taught him a lot. He entered the film industry with the film Ba Yoke, where he played the lead role. He then starred in the film Amye Mae Dar (Nameless Sword), which led to increased recognition for him. His classic film Mee Lat War (Fire Palm) is popular and one of the all-time best films in his career. He acted not only in the several direct-to-videos, but also acted in the big screen films. Throughout his successful career, he has acted in over 300 films. He is also a film director and directing the film Amone Zayike Amone Winkabar. In 2018, he founded the Target Art Training Center in Yangon.\n\nFilmography\n\nFilm\n Over 300 films\n\nPersonal life\nNay Htoo Naing is married to singer Mya Thin Chal in 2011. The couple have two sons. His wife Mya Thin Chal is also actress in his some films.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nNay Htoo Naing's Films - Burmese Video Directory\n\nBurmese male film actors\n1979 births\nLiving people\nPeople from Magway Division\nBurmese Theravada Buddhists\n20th-century Burmese male actors\n21st-century Burmese male actors" ]

[ "Patrick Dempsey", "Personal life", "Was Dempsey ever married?", "Dempsey has been married twice.", "Did he have any children?", "The couple have three children, daughter Talia Faye (born February 20, 2002), and twin sons Sullivan Patrick and Darby Galen", "what got him started in this industry?", " Entertainment Weekly put Dempsey's hair on its end-of-the-decade \"best-of\" list,", "Did he have to overcome any obsticals in his career?", "Dempsey was diagnosed with dyslexia at age 12. As a result, it is necessary for him to memorize all his lines" ]

[ "From Karkheh to Rhein () is a 1993 Iranian film written and directed by Ebrahim Hatamikia starring Ali Dehkordi and Homa Rousta.\n\nThe film is first German-Iranian co-production.\n\nPlot\nSaeed is an Iran–Iraq war victim of chemical weapons who heads to Germany for an eyesight surgery and comes across his sister, Leila, who has been living in Cologne with her husband and son, Jonas for many years. Saeed gets his sight back after the surgery and he is coped with the new and strange atmosphere around him. Saeed is getting ready to come back to Iran but everything goes wrong. Further examinations show that he suffers from leukemia. His disease has apparently resulted from chemical gases used by Iraq and sold by Germany in the war. When Saeed's sister finds out about his disease, she tries to prevent any situation which will cause him stress, as the doctors advised. But Saeed becomes very ill when he watches the video of the funeral of Iran's revolutionary leader Ayatollah Khomeini, which was recorded by his brother in law. So, they take him to the hospital and he dies there while doing chemotherapy. This happens while Saeed's wife and his newly born baby are coming to Germany to meet him. The last scene of the film shows that the family of Saeed's sister is going back to Iran with his wife.\n\nCast\nAli Dehkordi as Saeed\nHoma Rusta as Leila\nHeinz Neumann as Leila's Husband\nAsghar Naghizadeh as Basiji\nSadegh Safayi as Basiji\nFarzaneh Asgari\nParviz Sheikhtadi\nNoorbert Hanzing\nNikel Gril\nAndreas Kurtz\nMajid Safavi\n\nSoundtrack\nThe music of the film was written and performed by Iranian composer Majid Entezami who later had collaboration with Hatamikia in The Glass Agency and The Scent of Joseph's Coat.\n\nTrack listing\n\nSee also\nKarkheh, a river in Khuzestan Province, which was affected the most during the war\nDisabled Iranian veterans\n\nReferences\n\nExiternal links\n \n \n\n1993 films\nIranian films\n1990s multilingual films\nPersian-language films\nFilms directed by Ebrahim Hatamikia\nFilms shot in Germany\nGerman multilingual films\nIranian multilingual films\nFilms set in Germany\nIran–Iraq War films\nFilms set in 1990\n1990s war drama films\nIranian war drama films\nFilms about cancer\n1993 drama films\nCrystal Simorgh for Best Film winners", "This is an incomplete list of Filipino full-length films, both mainstream and independently produced, released in theaters and cinemas in 2013.\n\nTop ten grossing films\n\nNote\n\n Box Office Mojo, a reliable third party box office revenue tracker, does not track any revenues earned during any Metro Manila Film Festival editions. So the official figures by film entries during the festival are only estimates taken from any recent updates from credible and reliable sources such as a film's production outfit, or from any news agencies. Also, Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) did not release the official gross sales of each of the films. To verify the figures, see individual sources for the references.\n\nColor key\n\nFilms\nMore than a 100 full-length films were released in the Philippines, most of them were independently produced.\n\nJanuary–March\n\nApril–June\n\nJuly–September\nColor key\n\nOctober–December\nColor key\n\nNotes\n\n ^ Film is an independently produced film. \n ^ July 26 is Ekstra: The Bit Player's festival screening. August 14 is the film's commercial release nationwide.\n ^ All ten Sineng Pambansa films had an extended run from October 11 until October 17, 2013. Previously, the ten films were screened from September 11 to September 17, 2013.\n\nAwards\n\nLocal\nThe following first list shows the Best Picture winners at the four major film awards: FAMAS Awards, Gawad Urian Awards, Luna Awards and Star Awards; and at the three major film festivals: Metro Manila Film Festival, Cinemalaya and Cinema One Originals. The second list shows films with the most awards won from the three major film awards and a breakdown of their total number of awards per award ceremony.\n\nInternational\nThe following list shows Filipino films (released in 2013) which were nominated or won awards at international industry-based awards.\n\nSee also\n 2013 in the Philippines\n List of 2013 box office number-one films in the Philippines\n\nReferences\n\nPhilippines" ]

[ "Patrick Dempsey", "Personal life", "Was Dempsey ever married?", "Dempsey has been married twice.", "Did he have any children?", "The couple have three children, daughter Talia Faye (born February 20, 2002), and twin sons Sullivan Patrick and Darby Galen", "what got him started in this industry?", " Entertainment Weekly put Dempsey's hair on its end-of-the-decade \"best-of\" list,", "Did he have to overcome any obsticals in his career?", "Dempsey was diagnosed with dyslexia at age 12. As a result, it is necessary for him to memorize all his lines", "Did this prevent him from getting in any films or shows?", "As a result, it is necessary for him to memorize all his lines in order to perform, even for auditions where he was unlikely to get the part." ]

[ "Orr v. Orr, 440 U.S. 268 (1979), was a United States Supreme Court case that held that a statutory scheme in Alabama that imposed alimony obligations on husbands but not on wives was an unconstitutional equal protection violation.\n\nBackground \nThe state of Alabama had adopted a statutory scheme that imposed alimony obligations on husbands but not on wives for the stated purpose of addressing the economic disparity between men and women by providing support for needy women after divorce.\n\nRuth Bader Ginsburg and Margaret Moses Young filed a brief for the American Civil Liberties Union as amicus curiae urging reversal.\n\nOpinion of the Court \nApplying intermediate scrutiny, the Court determined that the statute was not substantially related to the stated purpose. The Court observed that a gender neutral statute would still have the effect of providing for needy women, and that the only difference created by the Alabama statute was to also provide support for well off women that did not need support and to exclude needy men from support.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nUnited States equal protection case law\nUnited States Supreme Court cases\nUnited States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court\n1979 in United States case law\nUnited States family case law\nUnited States men's rights case law", "Alex Joseph and His Wives is a 1977 American film from Ted V. Mikels. It stars Alex Joseph as himself.\n\nMikels later recalled Bill Thrush had a falling out with Joseph which prevented the film being distributed. Mikels was in a polygamous relationship at the time with \"maybe four girls that were very close to me and so we cemented our little union and from that time on it did grow. Many people do not understand that you can have relationships like this where it can be honorable and \ndecent.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nAlex Joseph and His Wives at Letterbox DVD\nAlex Joseph and His Wives at IMDb\n\n1977 television films\n1977 films\nAmerican films\nAmerican television films" ]

[ "Patrick Dempsey", "Personal life", "Was Dempsey ever married?", "Dempsey has been married twice.", "Did he have any children?", "The couple have three children, daughter Talia Faye (born February 20, 2002), and twin sons Sullivan Patrick and Darby Galen", "what got him started in this industry?", " Entertainment Weekly put Dempsey's hair on its end-of-the-decade \"best-of\" list,", "Did he have to overcome any obsticals in his career?", "Dempsey was diagnosed with dyslexia at age 12. As a result, it is necessary for him to memorize all his lines", "Did this prevent him from getting in any films or shows?", "As a result, it is necessary for him to memorize all his lines in order to perform, even for auditions where he was unlikely to get the part.", "Did his wives support his career?", "On 24 August 1987, he married his manager, actress and acting coach, Rochelle \"Rocky\" Parker, when he was 21 and she 48." ]

[ "Pilar Pallete (born 3 September 1928) is a Peruvian actress and the widow of American actor John Wayne.\n\nBiography\nPallete was born as the daughter of a Peruvian senator in the Paita Port (northern Peru). She married and divorced professional big-game hunter Richard Weldy. She met John Wayne, 21 years her senior, in Tingo María, Peru, around 1952 or 1953, while still married to Weldy. Wayne was in Peru scouting locations for The Alamo.\n\nIn 1953, Pallete came to Los Angeles to dub a film in English, when she ran into John Wayne for the second time. A year later on November 1, 1954, they married in Kona, Hawaii, the same day Wayne's divorce became final. Pallete retired from her motion picture career to be a wife and mother to their three children: Aissa, Ethan, and Marisa.\n\nDuring the next ten years of their marriage, they traveled extensively, usually on location for John Wayne's many films. In 1965, they moved to Newport Beach, California. She rented a studio inside the Fernleaf Courtyard, in Corona Del Mar, California, where she would entertain her clients outdoors with coffee and finger sandwiches and found herself, one year later, with a full-time restaurant.\n\nPersonal life\nPallete married Wayne in 1954, and they remained married until his death in 1979. In 1973 she moved out of their house; however, they were never legally separated or divorced. She has always made clear that they remained married until his death.\n\nIn 1984, five years after Wayne's death, Pallete married Stephen Stewart, a municipal court judge. The marriage was brief, with Pallete later describing the relationship as a \"two-week mistake.\"\nIn 1998, Pallete married Jesse Upchurch, a travel company executive.\n\nFilmography\nThe Alamo - unknown (uncredited) (1960)\nHollywood Greats - episode – \"John Wayne\" – herself (1984)\nJohn Wayne Standing Tall – TV movie/documentary – herself (1989)\nBiography - episode – \"John Wayne: The Unquiet Man\" – herself (1998)\nBiography - episode – \"John Wayne: American Legend\" – herself (1998)\nThe Duke at Fox – documentary short – herself (2011)\nThe Personal Property of John Wayne – herself (2011)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n\n1928 births\nActresses from Newport Beach, California\nLiving people\nActresses from Lima\n20th-century Peruvian actresses\nPeruvian emigrants to the United States\nPeruvian film actresses\nJohn Wayne\nPeople from Piura Region", "Agnes (Aragonese: Agnés) was a Queen of Aragon, the second wife of Ramiro I of Aragon. She is speculated to have been daughter of either William VI, Duke of Aquitaine or William VII, Duke of Aquitaine, and perhaps remarried to Peter I, Count of Savoy. \n\nFollowing the death of his wife Ermesinda of Bigorre, Ramiro I of Aragon next appears with a wife named Agnes. It is believed Agnes outlived her husband, who died on 8 May 1063 after they were married for about a decade. They don't seem to have had any children. Since her name is one used frequently in the family of the Dukes of Aquitaine and Ramiro's family repeatedly would make marriage alliances with the ducal family, it has been proposed that Agnes herself also derived from that kindred although her precise placement has been subject to speculation. William VI and William VII have both been suggested as possible fathers. \n\nPeter I, Count of Savoy, would later marry an \"Agnes, daughter of William of Poitou\", herself speculated to have been daughter of William VII. It is possible that this was the widowed Queen of Aragon, although if so, Agnes would have had to have married Ramiro at a very young age.\n\nReferences\n\nHouse of Poitiers\nAragonese queen consorts\nHouse of Aragon\n11th-century people from the Kingdom of Aragon\n11th-century Spanish women" ]

[ "Ken Loach", "Early life, The Wednesday Play and Kes" ]

[ "Syed Saim Ali (; born November 21, 1989), known professionally as Saim Ali, is an actor, model and television host. Saim Ali started his career from drama serial 'Heer' for Geo Television in 2015.\n\nCareer \nSaim Ali born in Lahore and spend his early life there but later he moved to Karachi and currently living in Karachi. Saim Ali has worked in six dramas and four movies. Saim Ali debut movie was 'Ishq Positive' where he played a lead role in that movie. He appeared in Hum Television drama Kaisi Aurat Hoon Main as a guest appearance, he appeared in Ary Digital drama Pakeeza Phupho, Chand ki Pariyan, Barfi Laddu and he is currently working in drama serial 'Jhooti' of Ary Digital. Saim Ali also hosted morning show of channel Aplus 'Good Morning Zindagi'. Saim Ali did several morning shows and hosted awards events like 'IPP Awards' in London and Oslo. Saim Ali started shooting of film 'Ishq Mera Anmol' in late 2019.\n\nFilmography\n\nTelevision\n\nReferences \n\n1989 births\nLiving people\nPakistani actors", "Josef \"Seppe\" Hügi (23 January 1930, in Riehen – 16 April 1995, in Basel) was a Swiss international footballer who played as a striker during the late 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s.\n\nCareer \nHügi was born in the town of Riehen on 23 January 1930 and played football from an early age but did not start to take the sport all that seriously until he went to the University of Basel in the late 1940s. His first professional club was FC Basel, whom he signed for in 1948. He would spend the next fourteen years of his life playing for the RotBlau, playing over 300 matches and scoring 224 goals. In 1962, he signed for FC Zürich but he played just two games there and went on to spend the rest of his career in the lower divisions with FC Porrentruy and FC Laufen. He became a coach at FC Basel after his retirement from playing.\n\nHe was capped 34 times for the Swiss national team between 1951 and 1960, scoring 22 goals. At the 1954 FIFA World Cup, he scored six goals, tied second-best for the tournament, which makes him the all-time top goalscorer for Switzerland in World Cups.\n\nHonours \nBasel\nSwiss Super League: 1952–53\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \nJosef Hügi player profile \n\n1930 births\n1995 deaths\nSwiss footballers\nAssociation football forwards\n1954 FIFA World Cup players\nSwitzerland international footballers\nFC Basel players\nFC Zürich players\nFC Laufen players\nSwiss-German people\nPeople from Riehen\nSwiss Super League players" ]

[ "Ken Loach", "Early life, The Wednesday Play and Kes", "where did he spend his early life in?", "Loach was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire," ]

[ "On Being a Christian is a 1974 work of Christian theology by Hans Küng.\n\nContent\nHe described what is common among the various Christian communities and discussed the reasons a person would choose to believe in Christianity. The book focuses on the life and teaching of Jesus Christ and the nature of his divinity.\n\nReactions\nCertain aspects of the book were criticized by the Conference of the German Bishops in 1975 for their apparent lack of doctrinal orthodoxy.\n\nReferences\n\n1974 non-fiction books\nBooks about Christianity", "The Science Advisory Board (SAB) is a United States group of independent scientists selected by the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The board provides advice to the agency on the scientific and technical aspects of environmental problems and issues. Upon a request by the Administrator, the board reviews the scientific aspects of any reports or other written products prepared by the agency. Congress established the board in the Environmental Research, Development, and Demonstration Authorization Act of 1978.\n\nUnder Administrator Lee M. Thomas, the board conducted risk prioritization studies. His successor, William K. Reilly, commissioned the board to do a “reducing risk report” to inform what significant risk areas the EPA wasn’t addressing adequately.\n\nThe activities of the SAB are subject to the requirements of the Federal Advisory Committee Act. The SAB publishes a list of ongoing and completed advisory activities. Announcements about new SAB activites, formation of review panels and committees, and public meetings are published in the Federal Register.\n\nSee also \n Scientific Advisory Panel - Advisors to EPA's pesticide program\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nUnited States Environmental Protection Agency" ]

[ "Ken Loach", "Early life, The Wednesday Play and Kes", "where did he spend his early life in?", "Loach was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire,", "what were the significant aspects of his early life?", "He attended King Edward VI Grammar School and went on to study law at St Peter's College, Oxford." ]

[ "Follow Me! is a series of television programmes produced by Bayerischer Rundfunk and the BBC in the late 1970s to provide a crash course in the English language. It became popular in many overseas countries as a first introduction to English; in 1983, one hundred million people watched the show in China alone, featuring Kathy Flower.\n\nThe British actor Francis Matthews hosted and narrated the series.\n\nThe course consists of sixty lessons. Each lesson lasts from 12 to 15 minutes and covers a specific lexis. The lessons follow a consistent group of actors, with the relationships between their characters developing during the course.\n\nFollow Me! actors\n Francis Matthews\n Raymond Mason\n David Savile\n Ian Bamforth\n Keith Alexander\n Diane Mercer\n Jane Argyle\n Diana King\n Veronica Leigh\n Elaine Wells\n Danielle Cohn\n Lashawnda Bell\n\nEpisodes \n \"What's your name\"\n \"How are you\"\n \"Can you help me\"\n \"Left, right, straight ahead\"\n \"Where are they\"\n \"What's the time\"\n \"What's this What's that\"\n \"I like it very much\"\n \"Have you got any wine\"\n \"What are they doing\"\n \"Can I have your name, please\"\n \"What does she look like\"\n \"No smoking\"\n \"It's on the first floor\"\n \"Where's he gone\"\n \"Going away\"\n \"Buying things\"\n \"Why do you like it\"\n \"What do you need\"\n \"I sometimes work late\"\n \"Welcome to Britain\"\n \"Who's that\"\n \"What would you like to do\"\n \"How can I get there?\"\n \"Where is it\"\n \"What's the date\"\n \"Whose is it\"\n \"I enjoy it\"\n \"How many and how much\"\n \"What have you done\"\n \"Haven't we met before\"\n \"What did you say\"\n \"Please stop\"\n \"How can I get to Brightly\"\n \"Where can I get it\"\n \"There's a concert on Wednesday\"\n \"What's it like\"\n \"What do you think of him\"\n \"I need someone\"\n \"What were you doing\"\n \"What do you do\"\n \"What do you know about him\"\n \"You shouldn't do that\"\n \"I hope you enjoy your holiday\"\n \"Where can I see a football match\"\n \"When will it be ready\"\n \"Where did you go\"\n \"I think it's awful\"\n \"A room with a view\"\n \"You'll be ill\"\n \"I don't believe in strikes\"\n \"They look tired\"\n \"Would you like to\"\n \"Holiday plans\"\n \"The second shelf on the left\"\n \"When you are ready\"\n \"Tell them about Britain\"\n \"I liked everything\"\n \"Classical or modern\"\n \"Finale\"\n\nReferences \n\n BBC article about the series in China\n\nExternal links \n Follow Me – Beginner level \n Follow Me – Elementary level\n Follow Me – Intermediate level\n Follow Me – Advanced level\n\nAdult education television series\nEnglish-language education television programming", "Pity About the Abbey is a 1965 BBC television drama written by Stewart Farrar and John Betjeman, and directed by Ian Curteis. Pity About the Abbey is a 90-minute play written for a strand of programmes titled Londoners.\n\nThe play imagines that Westminster Abbey, one of the most significant religious sites in the United Kingdom, was demolished to make way for a by-pass. They play satirised what the two writers saw as the current trend to demolish significant or beautiful structures under the pretext of necessity, for example the Euston Arch. It was recorded for television by the BBC and broadcast on 29 July 1965, and later repeated as part of The Wednesday Play slot in 1966.\n\nThe programme still exists.\n\nReferences\n\n1965 television plays\nBBC television dramas\nWestminster Abbey" ]

[ "Ken Loach", "Early life, The Wednesday Play and Kes", "where did he spend his early life in?", "Loach was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire,", "what were the significant aspects of his early life?", "He attended King Edward VI Grammar School and went on to study law at St Peter's College, Oxford.", "what does the article say about Wednesday play", "Loach's ten contributions to the BBC's Wednesday Play anthology series include the docudramas Up the Junction (1965" ]

[ "is a ridge and park in Higashimurayama, Tokyo along its border with Tokorozawa, Saitama. Its name translates literally into English as \"Eight Country Mountain\" since in times past, one could view the eight surrounding provinces surrounding Musashi Province from its top. In Japanese it is known as a ryokuchi (緑地) instead of a park. Ryokuchi literally means \"green land\" and denotes land used more as a natural setting instead of a typical park.\n\nThe park lies upon a low rising ridge rising about 15 to 20 meters above the surrounding plain. The highest elevation is about 100 meters above sea level. Measured from north to south, the park is from 100 to 300 meters, the park having an uneven size. From east to west the park is about 1.5 kilometers. The trail that runs the length of the ridge top is about 2.0 kilometers and branches into many secondary trails. The total size of the park of is about 39 hectares or about 96 acres.\n\nHistorical significance\n\nThe park contains an archaeological site, the dating from the Jōmon period with the remnants of irrigation and waterworks from the Jōmon through Muromachi periods. Numerous Sue ware pottery fragments have been found in the area.\n\nThe route of the ancient Tōsandō highway passed through what is now this park. In the year 1333, Nitta Yoshisada established a campaign headquarters and raised his army's banner on a mound in what is now part of the park during the Kōzuke-Musashi Campaign against the Kamakura shogunate. This mound was either an ancient kofun burial mound or a Fujizuka mounded dedicated to the worship of Mount Fuji, but is now known as the . This location is commemorated by a stone marker at the park's north eastern end.\n\nAdmission to the park is free of charge.\n\nHachikokuyama in popular culture\nIt is famous for being an inspiration for parts of the anime film My Neighbor Totoro.\n\nExternal links\n More information about the park (Japanese)\n\nHigashimurayama, Tokyo\nParks and gardens in Tokyo", "Speak What We Feel (Not What We Ought To Say): reflections on faith and literature is an anthology of literary critical and theological essays authored by Frederick Buechner. Published in 2001 by Harper Collins, Speak What We Feel is Buechner's thirteenth non-fiction work.\n\nContent \nSpeak What We Feel is a collection of essays on the topic of literature and theology. The author devotes each of the individual four chapters to an author, poet, or playwright: Gerard Manley Hopkins, Mark Twain, G. K. Chesterton, and William Shakespeare. Within each chapter, Buechner re-narrates the life of the writer, before discussing in detail one or more of their works. The essays include Buechner's reflections on King Lear (1608), The Man Who Was Thursday (1908), and Adventures Huckleberry Finn (1884).\n\nSpeak What We Feel is dedicated to the author's grandson, and to his 'old friend', Malcolm Goldstein. Buechner scholar, Jeffrey Munroe, notes that the title for the work is taken from the closing lines of King Lear.\n\nThemes \nIn his introduction to Speak What We Feel, Buechner writes that he has 'undertaken [...] to say something first about the sad times for each of them' — accepting that little is known about Shakespeare's biography — and 'then to consider how those sad times and the way each came eventually to terms with them are reflected in the masterpieces they seem to me to have engendered'. The author also states that the essays are written with the presupposition that 'all of our stories are at their deepest level the same story', and that by 'listening to these four say so powerfully not what they ought to say, but what they truly felt, we may possibly learn something about how to bear the weight of our own sadness.'\n\nIn his review of Speak What We Feel, Bruce Wood argues that the authors and works considered in the volume are 'allusive presences' throughout Buechner's broader work. This is echoed by Jeffrey Munro, who further suggests that Buechner writes out of a particular affinity with the writers included in Speak What We Feel, commenting that many of the author's 'greatest works' were 'formed from the crucible of his pain'. For Munroe, this affinity is made explicit by the author in his 'Afterword', which, the critic writes, is characterised by a 'pathos' that is thematic throughout Buechner's work.\n\nBuechner scholar, Dale Brown, writes that Speak What We Feel demonstrates Buechner's consistent 'affirmation of joy and laughter as in balance with the catharsis of suffering'. The critic agrees with Munroe's suggestion that the work is autobiographical in nature, writing that it is 'a consideration of the weight of [Buechner's] own sad times, through an encounter with those of Twain, Hopkins, Chesterton, and Shakespeare'. Brown concludes that while Speak What We Feel 'reveals a good bit about four literary greats, it reveals even more about Buechner himself', and that the 'small volume is a litany in praise of kindred spirits'.\n\nReferences \n\nBooks about Christianity\nBooks about Jesus\nBooks about the Bible\n2001 non-fiction books\nAmerican non-fiction books\nAmerican anthologies\nEssay anthologies\nBooks by Frederick Buechner\nBooks about literature\nBooks about poetry\nBooks about poets" ]

[ "Ken Loach", "Early life, The Wednesday Play and Kes", "where did he spend his early life in?", "Loach was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire,", "what were the significant aspects of his early life?", "He attended King Edward VI Grammar School and went on to study law at St Peter's College, Oxford.", "what does the article say about Wednesday play", "Loach's ten contributions to the BBC's Wednesday Play anthology series include the docudramas Up the Junction (1965", "what more is known about this ?", "They portray working-class people in conflict with the authorities above them." ]

[ "The outcome bias is an error made in evaluating the quality of a decision when the outcome of that decision is already known. Specifically, the outcome effect occurs when the same \"behavior produce[s] more ethical condemnation when it happen[s] to produce bad rather than good outcome, even if the outcome is determined by chance.\"\n\nWhile similar to the hindsight bias, the two phenomena are markedly different. Hindsight bias focuses on memory distortion to favor the actor, while the outcome bias focuses exclusively on weighting the past outcome heavier than other pieces of information in deciding if a past decision was correct.\n\nOverview\nOne will often judge a past decision by its ultimate outcome instead of based on the quality of the decision at the time it was made, given what was known at that time. This is an error because no decision-maker ever knows whether or not a calculated risk will turn out for the best. The actual outcome of the decision will often be determined by chance, with some risks working out and others not. Individuals whose judgments are influenced by outcome bias are seemingly holding decision-makers responsible for events beyond their control.\n\nBaron and Hershey (1988) presented subjects with hypothetical situations in order to test this.\nOne such example involved a surgeon deciding whether or not to do a risky surgery on a patient. The surgery had a known probability of success. Subjects were presented with either a good or bad outcome (in this case living or dying), and asked to rate the quality of the surgeon's pre-operation decision. Those presented with bad outcomes rated the decision worse than those who had good outcomes. \"The ends justify the means\" is an often used aphorism to express the Outcome effect when the outcome is desirable.\n\nThe reason why an individual makes this mistake is that he or she will incorporate currently available information when evaluating a past decision. To avoid the influence of outcome bias, one should evaluate a decision by ignoring information collected after the fact and focusing on what the right answer is, or was at the time the decision was made.\n\nOutside of psychological experiments, the outcome bias has been found to be substantially present in real world situations. A study looking at the evaluation of football players' performance by coaches and journalists found that players' performance is judged to be substantially better—over a whole match—if the player had a lucky goal rather than an unlucky miss (after a player's shot hit one of the goal posts).\n\nSee also\n Deontology vs. teleology and consequentialism (ethical theories)\n Group attribution error\n Historian's fallacy\n List of cognitive biases\n\nReferences\n\nCognitive biases", "A referendum on the islands' status was held in the Federated States of Micronesia on 21 June 1983. Voters were asked two questions. The first was on whether they approved of the Compact of Free Association between the FSM and the United States. The second was what their preference was if Free Association was rejected. Voters were presented with the option of independence or an alternative which they had to fill in on the ballot form.\n\nThe first question was approved by 76.88% of voters, rendering the outcome of the second question (58.04% in favour of independence) moot.\n\nResults\n\nCompact of Free Association with the USA\n\nAlternative status\n\nReferences\n\n1983 referendums\n1983 in the Federated States of Micronesia\nReferendums in the Federated States of Micronesia\nIndependence referendums" ]

[ "Ken Loach", "Early life, The Wednesday Play and Kes", "where did he spend his early life in?", "Loach was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire,", "what were the significant aspects of his early life?", "He attended King Edward VI Grammar School and went on to study law at St Peter's College, Oxford.", "what does the article say about Wednesday play", "Loach's ten contributions to the BBC's Wednesday Play anthology series include the docudramas Up the Junction (1965", "what more is known about this ?", "They portray working-class people in conflict with the authorities above them.", "what was the outcome of this portrayal?", "was broadcast at a time when the debate was at a height in the United Kingdom." ]

[ "In aeronautics, the aspect ratio of a wing is the ratio of its span to its mean chord. It is equal to the square of the wingspan divided by the wing area. Thus, a long, narrow wing has a high aspect ratio, whereas a short, wide wing has a low aspect ratio.\n\nAspect ratio and other features of the planform are often used to predict the aerodynamic efficiency of a wing because the lift-to-drag ratio increases with aspect ratio, improving the fuel economy in powered airplanes and the gliding angle of sailplanes.\n\nDefinition \nThe aspect ratio is the ratio of the square of the wingspan to the projected wing area , which is equal to the ratio of the wingspan to the standard mean chord :\n\nMechanism \nAs a useful simplification, an airplane in flight can be imagined to affect a circular cylinder of air with a diameter equal to the wingspan. A large wingspan affects a large cylinder of air, and a small wingspan affects a small cylinder of air. A small air cylinder must be pushed down with a greater power (energy change per unit time) than a large cylinder in order to produce an equal upward force (momentum change per unit time). This is because giving the same momentum change to a smaller mass of air requires giving it a greater velocity change, and a much greater energy change because energy is proportional to the square of the velocity while momentum is only linearly proportional to the velocity. The aft-leaning component of this change in velocity is proportional to the induced drag, which is the force needed to take up that power at that airspeed.\n\nThe interaction between undisturbed air outside the cylinder of air, and the downward-moving cylinder of air occurs at the wingtips and can be seen as wingtip vortices.\n\nIt is important to keep in mind that this is a drastic oversimplification, and an airplane wing affects a very large area around itself.\n\nIn aircraft\n\nAlthough a long, narrow wing with a high aspect ratio has aerodynamic advantages like better lift-to-drag-ratio (see also details below), there are several reasons why not all aircraft have high aspect-ratio wings:\n\n Structural: A long wing has higher bending stress for a given load than a short one and therefore requires higher structural-design (architectural and/or material) specifications. Also, longer wings may have some torsion for a given load, and in some applications this torsion is undesirable (e.g. if the warped wing interferes with aileron effect).\n Maneuverability: a low aspect-ratio wing will have a higher roll angular acceleration than one with high aspect ratio, because a high aspect-ratio wing has a higher moment of inertia to overcome. In a steady roll, the longer wing gives a higher roll moment because of the longer moment arm of the aileron. Low aspect-ratio wings are usually used on fighter aircraft, not only for the higher roll rates, but especially for longer chord and thinner airfoils involved in supersonic flight.\n Parasitic drag: While high aspect wings create less induced drag, they have greater parasitic drag (drag due to shape, frontal area, and surface friction). This is because, for an equal wing area, the average chord (length in the direction of wind travel over the wing) is smaller. Due to the effects of Reynolds number, the value of the section drag coefficient is an inverse logarithmic function of the characteristic length of the surface, which means that, even if two wings of the same area are flying at equal speeds and equal angles of attack, the section drag coefficient is slightly higher on the wing with the smaller chord. However, this variation is very small when compared to the variation in induced drag with changing wingspan.For example, the section drag coefficient of a NACA 23012 airfoil (at typical lift coefficients) is inversely proportional to chord length to the power 0.129: \nA 20% increase in chord length would decrease the section drag coefficient by 2.38%.\n Practicality: low aspect ratios have a greater useful internal volume, since the maximum thickness is greater, which can be used to house the fuel tanks, retractable landing gear and other systems.\n Airfield size: Airfields, hangars, and other ground equipment define a maximum wingspan, which cannot be exceeded. To generate enough lift at a given wingspan, the aircraft designer must increase wing area by lengthening the chord, thus lowering the aspect ratio. This limits the Airbus A380 to 80m wide with an aspect ratio of 7.8, while the Boeing 787 or Airbus A350 have an aspect ratio of 9.5, influencing flight economy.\n\nVariable aspect ratio\n\nAircraft which approach or exceed the speed of sound sometimes incorporate variable-sweep wings. These wings give a high aspect ratio when unswept and a low aspect ratio at maximum sweep.\n\nIn subsonic flow, steeply swept and narrow wings are inefficient compared to a high-aspect-ratio wing. However, as the flow becomes transonic and then supersonic, the shock wave first generated along the wing's upper surface causes wave drag on the aircraft, and this drag is proportional to the span of the wing. Thus a long span, valuable at low speeds, causes excessive drag at transonic and supersonic speeds.\n\nBy varying the sweep the wing can be optimised for the current flight speed. However, the extra weight and complexity of a moveable wing mean that such a system is not included in many designs.\n\nBirds and bats\n\nThe aspect ratios of birds' and bats' wings vary considerably. Birds that fly long distances or spend long periods soaring such as albatrosses and eagles often have wings of high aspect ratio. By contrast, birds which require good maneuverability, such as the Eurasian sparrowhawk, have wings of low aspect ratio.\n\nDetails\nFor a constant-chord wing of chord c and span b, the aspect ratio is given by:\n\nIf the wing is swept, c is measured parallel to the direction of forward flight.\n\nFor most wings the length of the chord is not a constant but varies along the wing, so the aspect ratio AR is defined as the square of the wingspan b divided by the wing area S. In symbols,\n.\n\nFor such a wing with varying chord, the standard mean chord SMC is defined as \n\nThe performance of aspect ratio AR related to the lift-to-drag-ratio and wingtip vortices is illustrated in the formula used to calculate the drag coefficient of an aircraft \n\nwhere\n{| border=\"0\"\n|-\n| || is the aircraft drag coefficient\n|-\n|   || is the aircraft zero-lift drag coefficient,\n|-\n| || is the aircraft lift coefficient,\n|-\n| || is the circumference-to-diameter ratio of a circle, pi,\n|- \n| || is the Oswald efficiency number\n|-\n| || is the aspect ratio.\n|}\n\nWetted aspect ratio\nThe wetted aspect ratio considers the whole wetted surface area of the airframe, , rather than just the wing. It is a better measure of the aerodynamic efficiency of an aircraft than the wing aspect ratio. It is defined as:\n\nwhere is span and is the wetted surface.\n\nIllustrative examples are provided by the Boeing B-47 and Avro Vulcan. Both aircraft have very similar performance although they are radically different. The B-47 has a high aspect ratio wing, while the Avro Vulcan has a low aspect ratio wing. They have, however, a very similar wetted aspect ratio.\n\nSee also\nCenterboard\nWing configuration\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n Anderson, John D. Jr, Introduction to Flight, 5th edition, McGraw-Hill. New York, NY. \n Anderson, John D. Jr, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, Section 5.3 (4th edition), McGraw-Hill. New York, NY. \n L. J. Clancy (1975), Aerodynamics, Pitman Publishing Limited, London \n John P. Fielding. Introduction to Aircraft Design, Cambridge University Press, \n Daniel P. Raymer (1989). Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., Washington, DC. \n McLean, Doug, Understanding Aerodynamics: Arguing from the Real Physics, Section 3.3.5 (1st Edition), Wiley. \n\nEngineering ratios\nAircraft wing design\nWing configurations", "The Cyclopedia Talislanta is a supplement published by Bard Games in 1988 for the fantasy role-playing game Talislanta.\n\nContents\nThe Cyclopedia Talislanta, by Stephan Michael Sechi and with cover art by P.D. Breeding-Black, is the fifth supplement about the world of Talislanta. Information includes\n places of interest in Talislanta \n new monsters, animals, and plants \n New character types\n new skills and abilities \n\nThere are full-color maps of sections of Talislanta which join together to create a full map of the continent.\n\nReception\nStewart Wieck reviewed The Cyclopedia Talislanta for White Wolf #14, rating it 4 overall, and stated that \"Ownership of this book is a necessity for gamers with campaigns set in Talislanta. Other gamers should take a look just to see what Talislanta offers.\"\n\nIn the May 1989 edition of Dragon (Issue #145), Jim Bambra applauded the \"excellent interior illustrations\", and the wide range of new material. He concluded \"GMs and players who already adventure in Talislanta or use it as a source of ideas will find plenty of interesting material within this books pages, as it adds more interesting detail and color to the setting.\"\n\nIn the July-August 1989 edition of Space Gamer (Vol. II No. 1), Craig Sheeley commented that \"The encyclopedia-style information is listed alphabetically, a minor drawback which spreads specific places in the same areas throughout this section. The section new character race types is brief and concise, as is the gamemaster section (which takes up two pages with new weapons, skills and information.)\"\n\nReferences\n\nTalislanta supplements" ]

[ "Ken Loach", "Early life, The Wednesday Play and Kes", "where did he spend his early life in?", "Loach was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire,", "what were the significant aspects of his early life?", "He attended King Edward VI Grammar School and went on to study law at St Peter's College, Oxford.", "what does the article say about Wednesday play", "Loach's ten contributions to the BBC's Wednesday Play anthology series include the docudramas Up the Junction (1965", "what more is known about this ?", "They portray working-class people in conflict with the authorities above them.", "what was the outcome of this portrayal?", "was broadcast at a time when the debate was at a height in the United Kingdom.", "what is the most interesting aspect of this section?", "Loach began to direct feature films for the cinema, with Poor Cow (1967) and Kes (1969)." ]

[ "Kes (commonly known as Kes the Band or KTB) is a Caribbean soca group formed in 2005, and known for their unique blend of soulful vocals, calypso inspired melodies, rock riffs and island beats, with hints of reggae. The band hails from the twin island Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and consists of founding members, brothers Kees Dieffenthaller (lead vocals), Hans Dieffenthaller (drums), and Jon Dieffenthaller (guitar), along with long-time friend Riad Boochoon (bass guitar). Kes’ style has elevated them to mainstream popularity, allowing Kes to become a household name in their country and throughout the Caribbean circuit. The band constantly captivates and wins over their audiences, with their electric and high-energy performances.\n\nKees Dieffenthaller has collaborated with major industry talents such as songwriter Desmond Child. Kees and Child joined forces to produce a song for the album of Ace Young who appeared on the fifth season of American Idol. In 2011, the title song from their fourth album Wotless, was one of the most popular songs for Trinidad and Tobago's Carnival. \"Wotless\" was created through a collaboration between Kes and Trinidadian born singer/songwriter/producer Kerwin Dubois. Kees was crowned King of International Soca Monarch at the International Soca Monarch competition that year. \"Wotless\" was also nominated for a BET Soul Train Music Awards in the same year, for the category of best Caribbean Performance. Kes released their fifth album, Stereotype, in August 2011, which included the track \"Loving You\", a collaboration between Kes and Jamaican songstress Tessanne Chin, winner of Season 5, The Voice.\n\nIn 2012, Kes teamed up with Snoop Dogg on a remix of their carnival release \"Stress Away\". The single was well received and marked new territory for the band.\n\nIn 2014, Kes hosted their first annual concert which bears the namesake of their track \"Tuesday on the Rocks\". The concert is held annually on the Tuesday before Trinidad and Tobago Carnival and features a cast of popular international, regional and local artists.\n\nThe band has performed and sold out some prestigious venues in New York City such BB Kings (2013) and the PlayStation Theater (formerly known as the Best Buy Theater) in Times Square (2012). Kes has released six albums to date, Three Baldheads and a Dread, Lion, On in 5, Wotless, Stereotype and Wired. On 9 June 2016, Kes released their international single \"Major\" from their upcoming album Windows to the World.\n\nHistory\nHans, the oldest of the three Dieffenthaller brothers, discovered his talent for playing the drums at the age of 10. He and his younger brother Jon were asked by a childhood friend to form a band. Jon joined the band as a bass player at the age of seven where he found his love for music. Although these youngsters had musicians for their garage band, they needed a lead singer. At the age of five, Kes had been a member of numerous choirs, theatre productions, and other musical projects he became the lead singer of his brother's band at the age of six. Performances were usually held on a stage that was built in the backyard of the Dieffenthaller home. These talented brothers eventually outgrew their first band, however, their musical abilities would continue to grow.\n\nKes's parents encouraged him to explore and develop his craft and at the age of 13, he formed an R&B group called KLAS, and the group performed material that was composed by Kes.\n\nHans, Jon and Kees Dieffenthaller attended Presentation College, San Fernando where they met Riad Boochoon. Riad, who as a classically trained pianist shared a mutual interest in music, which sealed the relationship with the Dieffenthaller brothers. Hans, Jon, Kees and Riad continued their passion for music and their love of performing by becoming involved with several musical ventures which included the Anchorage Pop/Rock award-winning band, Limestone, and the dynamic, fusion band Rydimorai.\n\nMusic\n\n2006–2007\nIn 2006, Kes launched their debut album titled Three Baldheads and a Dread (a reference to the hairstyles of the band members). This album featured tracks such as \"Stay with Me\" and \"Heads High\". \"Stay with Me\" retained the number one position on the Toronto website charts for nine straight weeks, a new record for the band. The track, \"The Calling\" was featured on the soundtrack for the EA Sports FIFA 2006 Edition.\n\n2007–2008\nKes released their second album, Lion, in 2007. The title song was popular among fans due to its inspiring and motivational lyrics. \"My Land\" a collaboration with Nadia Batson was a hit during the carnival season that year. \"My Land\" placed Kes and Nadia second in the Trinidad and Tobago International Soca Monarch Competition. Kes released other tracks such as \"Our Prayer\", and reggae influenced songs \"Limin\" and \"Bigger Brighter Day\" from this album which received heavy rotation on local radio stations. Later in 2007, Kes released tracks that were more diverse, such as \"Come a Little Closer\" which also dominated local radio stations. In 2008, Kes’ carnival releases included \"Right Dey\" and \"De Remedy\". Kes also released their music video for the single \"Lion\" in May. Kees joined forces with major industry songwriter Desmond Child. Kees and Desmond produced a song for the new Ace Young album. Ace Young appeared on the fifth season of American Idol.\n\n2009–2010\nThe band's third album, On In 5, was released on 10 February 2009. On In 5 featured a mix of new and old releases as well as live performances. In 2010, the band's song \"Let Me Know\" was selected by Six Flags and was played throughout their amusement parks. \"Let Me Know\" was also chosen by American Airlines and was played during their programmes. In this year, Kes performed live on BBC World Channel. This was a significant achievement for the band as the programme was viewed by millions worldwide. The band acquired international attention and several awards including the USA 4 Real \"Most Promising Artist\" Award for their song \"Stalker\", a track released from On In 5.\n\n2011–2012\nIn 2011, Kes continued to show growth with the release of their fourth album Wotless. The album's title song was one of the most popular during the Trinidad and Tobago's 2011 carnival season as well as many other carnivals in the Caribbean. \"Wotless\" was created from collaboration between Kes and Trinidadian born singer/songwriter/producer Kerwin Dubios. Kees won the International Groovy Soca Monarch competition that year with \"Wotless\", following a performance on Carnival Friday (Fantastic Friday) at the Hasely Crawford Stadium, Trinidad. \"Wotless\" was also nominated for a BET Soul Train Music Award in 2011. \"Wotless\" maintained a steady position on the iTunes world charts in 2011 reaching to number six on the chart. In September of that year, Kes was featured on Fox5 Good Day New York making them the first Caribbean band to perform on their programme. The Wotless album produced many favourites during the carnival season such as \"Where Yuh From\" (an anthem piece promoting national pride) produced by Kes and Madmen Productions, \"Ah Ting\" featuring Kerwin Dubios and \"Come Gyal\" which was produced by Kes and 1st Klase Productions.\n\nKes released their fifth album, Stereotype, in August 2011. Stereotype was an experimental album which showcased the band's versatility. Stereotype is a combination of Caribbean rhythms, pop music and R&B. Featured tracks on the album include \"Let me Know\", \"Take me Away\" and \"Loving You\", a collaboration between Kes and Jamaican songstress, winner of The Voice, Tessanne Chin. The album was produced alongside the Madmen Production team. The music video for \"Take Me Away\" was selected as a finalist in the International Song Writing Competition. In 2012, Kes collaborated with Snoop Dogg on the remix of their carnival release \"Stress Away\" (produced by Kes and 1st Klase). The single was well received and marked new territory for Kes. The band also began raising the bar locally with respect to music videos, with the release of the video for \"Stress Away\" (original version) in February 2012. Kes released their sixth album entitled Wired in February 2012, which included tracks such as \"Precision Wine\" \"Stress Away\" and \"Coming Over\" which were heavily rotated on local radio stations.\n\n2013 – 2014\nThe music video for \"Stress Away\" was selected to appear in the 2013 BBC Music Video Festival. In 2013, the band released the well-received track \"Tuesday on the Rocks\" off the Bambino Musik's \"Gyall Season Riddim\". The groovy, pop-reggae inspired track remains one of the band's more popular songs, and has inspired the band's annual concert \"Tuesday on the Rocks\", which is held on the Tuesday before Trinidad and Tobago Carnival. The concert began in 2014 and continues to grow every year. The show features a cast of popular international and regional acts, young, up and coming artists, as well as local favourites.\n\n2014 ushered in another hit for the band, by way of the Ricky Blaze produced track \"Endless Summer\" on the \"Uptown Julie Riddim\". The Fader described \"Endless Summer\" as an easy-on-the-ear, yet heavy-on-the-rum soca music tune. The band collaborated with noted photographer and film director, Johnathan Mannion for the music video, which also features cameo appearances by Anya Ayoung Chee, winner of Project Runway, season nine and Major Lazer member, Jillionaire. In that year Kes, collaborated with Jamaican reggae singer Gyptian, on a track entitled \"Wet Fete\" which was featured on Gyptian's album, Sex Love & Reggae. Kees appeared alongside Gyptian for the music video of \"Wet Fete\" which was filmed in Tobago.\n\n2017\nCarnival, proved to be another successful year for Kes, as their music was well received locally and throughout the Caribbean. Tracks such as \"Wine up\", \"Incredible\", \"How We Like it\" and \"Ramp Up\" were in heavy rotation on local radio stations. 2017 also saw two major collaborations between Kes and Kernal Roberts on the track entitled \"Shake\", and \"Workout\" which featured Nailah Blackman. \"Workout\", a mixture of Soca music and Afrobeat quickly became one of the more popular songs coming out of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival 2017, generating over 3,000,000 views on YouTube. During his performance at \"Tribe Ice\" (Fete), Kees invited Jamaican Olympic Games gold medalist Usain Bolt on stage side during his segment with Kernal Roberts. This caused a buzz in the international community as video footage of this event was featured on popular gossip blogs.\n\nThe Florida Caribbean Students Association featured Kees as their keynote speaker of the 43rd annual Leadership Conference, which was held at the University of Florida in March 2017. Kees delivered his remarks on his life's work in music and business, and served as a guest judge at the FCSA annual Banquet and Miss FCSA Pageant.\n\nAnother artist pairing occurred at the Decibel Entertainment Exposition in Trinidad in May, 2017. Will Smith, who was a featured speaker at the event, made a surprise appearance during Kes’ performance. Will performed a medley of his hit songs while accompanied by Kes.\n\nPerformance \nKes live shows incorporate additional musicians Mario Callender (keyboards), Robbie \"Styles\" Persaud (DJ and samples), Ricardo Rameshwar (keyboards and musical director) and Aaron Vereen (percussion). For Kes and other local acts the Trinidadian Carnival season, which typically starts from Boxing Day until the beginning of Lent, is usually the most hectic and demanding period. Thousands of visitors arrive for the annual festival and weeks of concert events. Though each Kes performance is highly energetic, it is common during this period to perform two or three shows nightly. During the carnival festival, Kes also makes multiple appearances and performances on various music trucks as masqueraders and spectators parade thought the streets. Kes has performed all over the Caribbean, United States, Canada, Europe and parts of Asia including Japan and China. The band has opened for acts such as Sugar Ray (2005), Musiq Soulchild (2008), Sean Paul, Rihanna, (2006), John Legend (2006), Maroon 5 (2010), Evanescence (2011) and Ne-Yo (2013). In 2016, Kees shared the stage with British music sensation, Joss Stone, where they sang a duet, of their carnival 2016 hit song, \"For the Love of the Music\".\n\nDiscography\nThree Baldheads and A Dread (2006)\nLion (2007)\nOn In 5 (2009)\nWotless (2011)\nStereotype (2011)\nWired (2012)\n\nCollaborations\n\"Jepp Sting Naina\" - Kes ft. Hunter (Lalchan Babwa) and Ravi Bissambhar\n\"Tessanne Chin\" - Lovin' You\n\"Wet Fete\" - Kes ft. Gyptian\n\"Ah Ting\" - Kes and Kerwin DuBois\n\"Heaven\" ft. Nadia Batson \n\"Stress Away\"-Kes ft. Snoop Dogg.\n\"Head Bad On De Road\" ft. Michelle X\n\"Island love\" ft. Jenna De Leon \n\"Body Talk\" ft. Chris Hierro\n\"Work Out\" ft. Nailah Blackman \n\"Shake\" ft. Kernal Roberts\n\"Go Dung\" with Major Lazer\n\"Close To Me\" - Kes and Shenseea\n\"Mrs. Parker\" - Rooftop ReP and Kes \n\"Stage Gone Bad\"- Kes and Iwer George\n\"Dear Promoter\" - Voice and Kes\n\"Baila Riddim Mega Mix\" - Motto, Kes & Skinny Fabulous\n\" Magic \"- Kes and Jimmy October ft (feat. Etienne Charles)\n\nReferences\n\nTrinidad and Tobago musical groups\nMusical groups established in 2005\n2005 establishments in Trinidad and Tobago", "Kes is a fictional character on the American science fiction television show Star Trek: Voyager. She is portrayed by actress Jennifer Lien. Set in the 24th century of the Star Trek universe, the series follows the crew of the starship USS Voyager, stranded far from home and struggling to get back to Earth. Kes is a member of the Ocampa (a telepathic alien species with an average life expectancy of nine years) who joins the crew in the series' premiere episode along with her Talaxian boyfriend, Neelix. She subsequently works as the Doctor's medical assistant and develops her mental abilities with Tuvok's assistance.\n\nKes' storylines focus on her relationships with Neelix, the Doctor, Tuvok, Tom Paris, and Captain Janeway. Her psionic powers are also central and secondary themes of some episodes. Lien was removed from the series in the fourth season, but reprised her role in a season six episode, \"Fury\". Kes has been featured in non-canon novels and short stories adapted from the show.\n\nCritical response to Kes was mostly negative, though some critics praised Lien's performance. Although Kes' relationship with Neelix was panned, critics had a more mixed reaction to her friendships with Tuvok and Tom Paris. Kes' relationships with members of Voyager's crew and her psionic powers attracted attention from academics.\n\nDevelopment\n\nCreation and casting \nEarly development of Star Trek: Voyager, including the Ocampa, began in July 1993. Producers initially imagined the Ocampa as an androgynous alien species. In later meetings, they agreed on the idea of the Ocampa having a short lifespan, similar to a mayfly. Kes was intended to live for only seven years, and changes in her appearance were planned for each season, emphasizing her age progression. The androgyny concept was dropped, as the first cast description identified Kes, who was initially named Dah, as a female. Producers proposed a second Ocampa, shown near the end of his lifespan, as part of the main cast, though this idea was abandoned in favor of Neelix, who was a late addition to the series. Kes was initially created as a scout for Voyager journey through the Delta Quadrant, before Neelix assumed the role instead. Kes was then reimagined as a medical intern. In an August 1993 memo, series creator Jeri Taylor suggested Kes have a superhuman ability and be caught in a war between two factions. Producers debated the nature of the character's psionic powers, leading them to ask production associate Zayra Cabot and the Joan Pearce Research Associates to gather information on parapsychology. They later agreed to portray Kes with \"some measure of telepathic ability\" for the pilot episode (\"Caretaker\"), and planned to address it further in future episodes.\n\nWhen casting Kes, \"Caretaker\" director Winrich Kolbe looked for an actress who was \"fragile, but with a steely will underneath\". The casting call was for only women in their early-twenties or younger. Producers hired Jennifer Lien based on their belief that she could embody the character's \"somewhat childlike and fragile\" qualities. Lien was one of the first cast members hired for the series; at the age of nineteen, she was the youngest actor on the show at the time of its debut. Lien only had a basic understanding of the Star Trek franchise prior to receiving the part. She said this allowed her to approach her performance without anxiety. She had auditioned for the show due to the opportunity to play a new alien species, and explained \"it meant that anything could happen, offering me the chance to learn and grow as an actress\". Jennifer Gatti was considered as a runner-up for Kes, and she would later guest star in the episode \"Non Sequitur\".\n\nSeries creator Michael Piller was concerned the pilot was too \"passionless\" due to its focus on an action-adventure storyline over individual character development; he explained: \"The biggest danger in the pilot was in creating a story that nobody cared about.\" Part of Kes' role in the episode, for Piller, was to encourage the audience to care about Neelix. The costumes in \"Caretaker\" were created by Robert Blackman. He said designing Kes' clothing was a challenge since producers were still unclear about the character and Lien was very introverted. Although he had difficulty with Lien, Blackman said the cast and crew enjoyed working with her. Kes' original costume was pastel colored and based on a sprite, but the producers rejected it after a wardrobe fitting.\n\nThe Ocampa prosthetics for \"Caretaker\" were designed by Michael Westmore. While the early scenes of \"Caretaker\" were filmed, Lien tested various combinations of wigs and prosthetics; cinematographer Marvin V. Rush filmed each version for series creator Rick Berman to receive his final approval. During the show's first two seasons, it took Lien three hours a day to get into her character's hair, make-up, and wardrobe. As the series progressed, Lien developed an allergic response to the ear prosthetics; starting with the episode \"Before and After\", Lien no longer wore the ear prosthetics and Kes was portrayed with longer hair to cover her ears and hide this.\n\nCharacterization and relationships \nThe \"Caretaker\" script stated Kes was a \"dazzling, ethereal beauty, waifish and fragile\", with a \"dignity – her bearing, an alertness in her look, that suggests a being of powerful intelligence\". On the Star Trek official website, the character is identified as a \"tough survivor and a bit of a rebel\". In a 1996 interview, Lien characterized Kes as \"strong and curious and intelligent\" despite still being \"a child in a way with the same fears and inhibitions and worries that we all have\". She saw the character's lack of \"cynicism or precociousness or pretentiousness or sarcasm\" as different from typical young female roles. Although she found \"this kind of diversity in a character\" difficult to play, Lien enjoyed the process and said: \"It's a joy to pretend to be this extraordinary creature, so open and everything so new.\"\n\nLien was not given information about her character's future storylines prior to receiving the final copies of the scripts. Unlike the show's other actors, she did not campaign for changes to her character, explaining \"I felt my contribution was more in the acting, and not in the writing\". She viewed Kes' developing mental abilities as representing \"her confidence in being able to choose a path for her life\", and identified temptation as a key part in her character arc. Author Paul Ruditis summed up Kes through the paradoxical phrase \"fragile power\".\n\nKolbe said Kes and Neelix brought romance and comedy to the series. Lien and Neelix's actor Ethan Phillips said they enjoyed filming their scenes together. Writer Kenneth Biller wanted to establish the pair as living together and sexually active, but Taylor and Berman thought Kes looked too young for those storylines. Biller proposed scenes in which the characters talk about sex for the first time as a way to explore \"the weirdness of alien sexuality\". This discussion led to dialogue being included in the episode \"Elogium\". Despite this, the sexual relationship between Kes and Neelix is never clearly defined.\n\nAfter Kes breaks up with Neelix in \"Warlord\", Phillips asked writers to provide closure for the couple in a subsequent episode. He believed the end of their relationship was too \"muddy\", since Kes was possessed by an alien, and thus unable to control her actions, during the break-up scene. The writers denied his request, saying: \"No, let's just drop it, let's move on.\" Producers had planned a scene for the episode \"Fair Trade\" in which Kes and Neelix discuss the end of their romantic relationship, but it was removed due to time constraints. Berman discussed the couple during a 1997 interview, saying: \"There was a relationship with Neelix that didn't work out that well.\"\n\nKes has a more parent-child relationship with Kathryn Janeway and the Doctor, portrayed by Kate Mulgrew and Robert Picardo, respectively. Ruditis identified Kes' trust in Janeway as representing her desire to explore the universe. Picardo viewed Kes as the Doctor's \"sounding board\" and \"emotional confessor\" as she mentored him on being human. Following the removal of Kes in the fourth season, Picardo was concerned the Doctor would be relegated to the role as the comic relief. He suggested producers invert the Doctor's relationship with Kes to show him teaching former Borg drone Seven of Nine about humanity. A darker relationship between the Doctor and Kes was planned for the episode \"Darkling\". According to writer Joe Menosky, the Doctor's evil alter ego was going to be \"perversely sexual and sadistic\" and have a \"psychosexual\" attraction to Kes. Menosky drafted a scene in which the Doctor interacts with holograms of Kes on the holodeck, including performing surgery on one, but this was cut from the final episode. Unlike Neelix, Janeway, and the Doctor, Kes has few scenes with B'Elanna Torres. Roxann Dawson, who plays Torres, requested for further interaction between the two.\n\nDeparture and return \nThe show-runners reluctantly terminated Lien's contract as a member of Voyager's main cast due to unresolved personal issues that negatively impacted her performances. Chakotay's actor Robert Beltran said changing a lead character mid-season was unusual for the Star Trek franchise, though Taylor believed it was typical for a show in its later seasons. There was speculation in the media that Harry Kim's actor Garrett Wang was going to be replaced instead, but that he was kept due to his appeal to a certain demographic and placement on People's \"50 Most Beautiful People in the World\" list. Wang said: \"The timing of that, right during our hiatus, certainly couldn't have hurt me in terms of them keeping me on the show.\"\n\nAt the time Berman and Taylor said they chose to remove Kes since they felt the character was not properly developed over the course of the show, though this was later revealed be a cover story to protect Lien. Executive producer Brannon Braga said this decision was a \"failure of imagination on the writers' part\". Braga requested freelance writer Bryan Fuller develop the concept for Kes' departure. Receiving a positive response during a pitch meeting, Fuller helped to rewrite the character's final episode \"The Gift\". He said he had \"really bonded\" with Kes during the episode's production.\n\nSome of the series' writing staff were sorry that Kes was removed; Kenneth Biller stated:\n\nI was a little bit regretful when Kes left the show, because I thought she was an interesting character to write for—from a science fiction standpoint—because she had certain... she had telepathic abilities, she had this very compressed lifespan, she had things about her character that often lent themselves to interesting storytelling [....] We lost something in losing the Kes character.\n\nMulgrew was also disappointed by Lien's departure, describing it as a \"great sorrow to me on many levels\", describing the departure as the \"fracturing of an ensemble cast that was extremely special to me\". Tim Russ, who portrays Tuvok, referred to the character's exit as \"gracious\" and \"poignant\".\n\nAfter leaving Voyager, Lien stopped acting to pursue an associate degree in health. Despite this, producers invited her back for an episode because they wanted to use Kes to advance the story. The concept for this episode, \"Fury\", was developed by Braga and written by Fuller and Michael Taylor. Cinefantastique's Anna L. Kaplan considered Fuller's involvement ironic due to his participation in \"The Gift\". Lien was uncomfortable with the original script, and requested that it be rewritten. She said it was difficult to play a different version of Kes and interact with the other characters who had changed since her last appearance. Lien did not have the same allergic response to the ear prosthetics since she did not have to wear them for the same length of time. During a 2010 interview with StarTrek.com, Lien said she preferred her performance in \"The Gift\" to that for \"Fury\", saying she made \"a lot of poor acting choices\" in the latter.\n\nAppearances\n\nStar Trek: Voyager\nKes was born in 2369 on Ocampa, a planet in the Delta Quadrant. As a part of the Ocampa species, she is telepathic and has a life expectancy of nine years. Prior the show's pilot episode, Kes lived with her people in an underground city constructed by a Nacene alien known as the Caretaker. He had cared for the Ocampa since inadvertently destroying their planet's ecosystem and atmosphere thousands of years ago; the Ocampa became completely insular and dependent upon him. The Caretaker had sealed the city away from the planet's surface to protect the Ocampa; however, Kes dreamed of leaving the Ocampa enclave to explore the galaxy and develop her psionic powers, with which her ancestors were rumored to have far more proficiency. Finding a way to Ocampa's surface, she was captured and tortured by the Kazon who hope to gain access to the Ocampa city and its resources; Neelix, a Talaxian, rescued her, and they became a couple.\n\nWhen the Caretaker realizes he is dying, he abducts beings from the Alpha Quadrant in the hopes of finding a compatible mate with whom to produce offspring to ensure someone can continue protecting and caring for the Ocampa. In the show's pilot episode, the Caretaker kidnaps members of a Maquis crew and the Starfleet crew of the starship USS Voyager. Kes helps the ships' captains, Kathryn Janeway and Chakotay, recover their missing crew members. Janeway encourages the Caretaker to allow the Ocampa to care for themselves; although he refers to the Ocampa as children and believes they are unable to survive by themselves, she says that they must be allowed to grow up and learn to care for themselves. When the Kazon attack and attempt to steal the Caretaker's technology, Janeway orders the destruction of his vessel. Stranded in the Delta Quadrant, the Maquis and Starfleet crew merge on their journey back to the Alpha Quadrant. Kes and Neelix decide to serve as guides to the stranded crews. The remaining Ocampa stay on the planet.\n\nAboard Voyager, Kes starts a aeroponic garden to provide vegetables and fruit for the crew's meals. She also develops a friendship with the Doctor while studying to become his medical assistant. She encourages him to develop a better set of social skills and pushes the crew to recognize him as more than just a hologram. In \"Phage\", the Vidiians harvest Neelix's lungs, and Kes donates one of her own to save his life. During \"Elogium\", emanations from space-dwelling lifeforms cause Kes to prematurely enter the elogium, the Ocampa female reproductive state. This condition can only occur once during an Ocampa life cycle. Kes and Neelix disagree over the idea of having children. Neelix eventually agrees to being a father, but Kes decides against conceiving a child. After the ship moves away from the life forms, the Doctor determines that Kes has gone through a false alarm; she will be able to go through a true elogium in the future. Throughout the first two seasons, Neelix becomes jealous of Tom Paris' interest in Kes. Neelix and Paris resolve this tension in \"Parturition\" while nursing a reptilian humanoid baby together during an away mission.\n\nDuring the first two seasons, Kes slowly develops her psionic powers. She has visions of a planet's destruction in \"Time and Again\" and is able to resist a psychoactive trance to save the crew in \"Persistence of Vision\". Voyager discovers a second Ocampa colony in \"Cold Fire\", and its leader Tanis teaches Kes to see and control particles on the subatomic level. Kes was previously trained by Tuvok, who took a more cautious approach. Under Tanis' tutelage, Kes develops pyrokinesis, but she is unable to control the power and almost kills Tuvok by boiling his blood. After discovering that Tanis is collaborating with the Caretaker's first mate, Suspiria, to destroy Voyager, Kes subdues him with her powers. Tuvok reminds Kes that she must learn to control, rather than fear, her darker impulses. Tiernan, a former dictator of the planet Illari, takes control of Kes' body in \"Warlord\". He uses her mental powers to stage a coup against his planet's leader. While under Tieran's influence, Kes breaks up with Neelix. The crew eventually free Kes from Tieran's control and kill him, though she is traumatized by the experience.\n\nIn \"Darkling\", Kes becomes attracted to Zahir, who is a part of a humanoid species called the Mikhal Travelers. She is interested in the Mikhal Travelers for their desire to explore space. The Doctor injures Zahir and kidnaps Kes after developing an evil alter ego while grafting new personalities into his program. Kes considers leaving Voyager to be with Zahir, but later decides against this. While exploring a Nechani holy site in \"Sacred Ground\", Kes is shocked into a coma by its force field. The Nechani believe Kes is being punished for her sacrilegious behavior. After participating in a religious ritual, Janeway realizes she must rely on her own faith rather than technology to cure Kes. Going against her crew's advice, Janeway carries Kes into the shrine. The force field does not harm them, and Kes recovers.\n\nIn \"Before and After\", an episode in the third season, Kes lives short periods of her life in reverse order, starting with her death and ending with her birth. In this alternative timeline, she is romantically involved with Paris, and they have a daughter, Linnis, who marries and has a son with Harry Kim. During this timeline, Kes participates in Voyager's year-long battle with the Krenim, which takes place in the season four episode \"Year of Hell\". She is infected with particles from a chroniton torpedo during the Krenim attack; Paris speculates that this exposure to chroniton radiation is the reason why Kes is irregularly jumping back in time. When the Doctor brings Kes back to the present, she documents information about the Krenim and their future attack. At the end of the episode, Tuvok says Kes has seen only one possible future for Voyager. During \"Scorpion\", Voyager becomes entangled in a major conflict between the Borg and Species 8472. Partially due to her exposure to the powerful telepathic influx of Species 8472, Kes begins to evolve into a different state of being. In \"The Gift\", she realizes she can no longer remain aboard Voyager, as her powers threaten to destroy the ship. She uses her newly acquired powers to hurl Voyager and its crew safely beyond Borg space, 9,500 light-years closer to Earth, before turning into living energy.\n\nKes revisits Voyager in \"Fury\", in which she is near the end of her life cycle and experiencing memory loss. She mistakenly believes that Janeway kidnapped her from Ocampa, and she travels back in time to negotiate with the Vidiians, promising to help them access the ship to harvest the crew members' organs if they take her younger self home. After this plan is stopped, the younger Kes creates a hologram to remind her future self about her affection for the crew and how much they had cared for her. After seeing the hologram, the older version of Kes says goodbye to the crew before taking her ship back to Ocampa.\n\nNon-canonical appearances \nKes appears in non-canon novels and short stories adapted from Star Trek: Voyager. In Christie Golden's 1997 book Marooned, an alien kidnaps Kes, and during Greg Cox's 1997 novel The Black Shore, she feels a \"psychic call\" when the crew takes shore leave on a planet. Kes is featured in the novels Mosaic (1996) and Pathways (1998) in which she accompanies an away team on an unknown planet and helps the crew escape a prison camp, respectively. Jennifer Lien contributes recipes for potato salad and a \"good-karma lentil soup\" for the 1999 cookbook based on the series. Written by Ethan Phillips and William J. Birnes, the book mentions that tubers are Kes' favorite food.\n\nIn Christie Golden's novel trilogy Dark Matters, Kes is known as the \"Entity\", and gathers mutated dark matter. She has forgotten about her past aboard Voyager after turning into living energy, but slowly regains some memories over the course of the books. She does not contact the crew and is told she is a parallel-universe version of herself, separate from the one featured in \"Fury\". Tuvok, however, does briefly sense her presence before her departure. In Kirsten Beyer's 2012 novel The Eternal Tide, Kes and Q Junior resurrect Janeway after she is assimilated by the Borg and subsequently killed. Q Junior teaches Kes how to pull Janeway's body back together and restore her to her most perfect state.\n\nKes also features in Heather Jarman's 2006 book Evolution, the third installment of the trilogy String Theory, in which she helps the Doctor and Q with the birth of an Ocampa-Nacene hybrid. When the Ocampan mother is unable to carry the baby to term, Kes merges with her to act as a surrogate. After giving birth to a boy, Kes takes him to Ocampa; a rainstorm on the planet hints at the recovery of its ecosystem. The novel retcons Kes' appearance in \"Fury\" as the manifestation of her dark side, formed as a side effect of a confrontation with a renegade Nacene. In Penny A. Proctor's short story \"Restoration\", included in the 2001 anthology Strange New Worlds V, Kes sacrifices herself to revive Ocampa's ecosystem. The mirror universe version of Kes features in the Star Trek: Mirror Universe novel series.\n\nReception\n\nCritical reception \n\nLien received some positive feedback for her performance. In a 1995 review of \"Caretaker\", Variety's Kinsey Lowe praised Lien's performance as a \"beguiling blend of naive wonder and fierce dedication\". Screen Rant'''s Alexandra August applauded Lien for trying \"her best with what she was given\", but felt she could not make Kes \"very dynamic\" as a character. Kes' removal in season four was praised by critics who believed the character was poorly developed. Rob Owen, writing for Albany's Times Union, criticized Kes as \"reduced to a subservient Nurse Chapel role\". However, The Virginian-Pilot's Larry Bonko was disappointed by Kes' exit, as he felt the character \"gave the series heart\".Screen Rant contributors felt Kes had potential if her storylines focused more on her short lifespan and mental powers. Snellgrove cited Kes as an example of how certain Star Trek: Voyager character were underused. August felt she was not given enough screen time or character development to become interesting. Thompson described the Ocampa as one of the more fascinating species introduced on Star Trek: Voyager, and wrote that Kes' departure was one of the five things that hurt the show.\n\nKes' romance with Neelix was the subject of criticism. Although the relationship was introduced in the pilot, Ruditis felt it was \"somewhat undefined as the series progressed\". TrekMovie.com's Matt Wright panned the couple as \"borderline gross\", and Thompson cited them as having the worst chemistry on the series. Thompson and Gizmodo's Tom Pritchard wrote that Kes would have benefited if Neelix was not included on the show. August criticized the frequency in which Kes' storylines revolved around her love life. Kes' relationship with other characters received a better response. Thompson praised Paris' attraction for Kes as \"a good setup relationship to guide him into being a better and more responsible man for B'Elanna\". August believed Tuvok and Kes could be an ideal couple if he were not already married.\n\nCritics had a mostly negative response to Kes' storyline for \"Elogium\". Commentators questioned the plausibility of an Ocampa woman only giving birth once as it would cause an inevitable decrease in the species population. Writer David A. McIntee criticized the elogium as a poorly-done metaphor for puberty, PMS, teenage pregnancy, abortion, and menopause. Bustle's Marie Southard Ospina praised the episode's depiction of a woman choosing to not have a baby without receiving judgement. Kes' return for \"Fury\" also received negative feedback from reviewers who found her characterization to be disappointing. Den of Geek!'s John Andrews likened the episode to a \"sad yet compelling character study\", although he believed Kes' shift in morality was not believable. August dislike the episode's version of Kes, describing it as \"a ham-fisted way of undermining her entire journey after leaving Voyager\".\n\n Analysis \nKes' relationship with Voyager's crew was the focus of academic discussion. Cultural studies scholar Debra Bonita Shaw wrote Janeway only accepts Kes, Neelix, and Seven of Nine as her subordinates; to gain Janeway's acceptance, these characters must adhere to an established \"structure of command\" and help Voyager return home. Media studies scholar Aviva Dove-Viebahn was critical of the portrayal of Kes and Neelix as similar to \"native informants\", a character type that she described as \"token and subjugated\". However, Dove-Viebahn clarified that Kes had agency through her mental abilities, which are portrayed as stronger than the crew's scientific and medical technology. English literature professor David Greven criticized Kes' relationship with Tuvok, writing their differences in race and age was too uncomfortably similar to Uncle Tom's friendship with Little Eva in the 1852 novel Uncle Tom's Cabin.\n\nScholars discussed her psionic powers in \"Cold Fire\". According to media studies scholar Marion Gymnich, the Star Trek franchise depicts telepathy with \"infiltrations and mental intrusions\". She cited Kes' loss of control in \"Cold Fire\" as an example of how Star Trek negatively portrays telepathic communication. Analyzing the scene in which Kes boils Tuvok's blood, Greven wrote that he becomes a monster similar to those in Frankenstein, The Phantom of the Opera, and The Monster. Describing the sequence as one of the more disturbing in Star Trek'', Greven criticized the franchise for often changing \"the differently-raced into monsters\".\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nCitations\n\nBook sources\n\nExternal links\n \n Kes at StarTrek.com\n\nFictional characters with precognition\nFictional telepaths\nStar Trek alien characters\nStar Trek: Voyager characters\nFictional medical personnel\nStarfleet medical personnel\nTelevision characters introduced in 1995\nChild characters in television\nFemale characters in television" ]

[ "Ken Loach", "Early life, The Wednesday Play and Kes", "where did he spend his early life in?", "Loach was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire,", "what were the significant aspects of his early life?", "He attended King Edward VI Grammar School and went on to study law at St Peter's College, Oxford.", "what does the article say about Wednesday play", "Loach's ten contributions to the BBC's Wednesday Play anthology series include the docudramas Up the Junction (1965", "what more is known about this ?", "They portray working-class people in conflict with the authorities above them.", "what was the outcome of this portrayal?", "was broadcast at a time when the debate was at a height in the United Kingdom.", "what is the most interesting aspect of this section?", "Loach began to direct feature films for the cinema, with Poor Cow (1967) and Kes (1969).", "was kes successful?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Say Anything may refer to:\n\nFilm and television\n Say Anything..., a 1989 American film by Cameron Crowe\n \"Say Anything\" (BoJack Horseman), a television episode\n\nMusic\n Say Anything (band), an American rock band\n Say Anything (album), a 2009 album by the band\n \"Say Anything\", a 2012 song by Say Anything from Anarchy, My Dear\n \"Say Anything\" (Marianas Trench song), 2006\n \"Say Anything\" (X Japan song), 1991\n \"Say Anything\", a song by Aimee Mann from Whatever, 1993\n \"Say Anything\", a song by the Bouncing Souls from The Bouncing Souls, 1997\n \"Say Anything\", a song by Good Charlotte from The Young and the Hopeless, 2002\n \"Say Anything\", a song by Girl in Red, 2018\n \"Say Anything\", a song by Will Young from Lexicon, 2019\n \"Say Anything (Else)\", a song by Cartel from Chroma, 2005\n\nOther uses\n Say Anything (party game), a 2008 board game published by North Star Games\n \"Say Anything\", a column in YM magazine\n\nSee also\n Say Something (disambiguation)", "In baseball, a fair ball is a batted ball that entitles the batter to attempt to reach first base. By contrast, a foul ball is a batted ball that does not entitle the batter to attempt to reach first base. Whether a batted ball is fair or foul is determined by the location of the ball at the appropriate reference point, as follows:\n\n if the ball leaves the playing field without touching anything, the point where the ball leaves the field;\n else, if the ball first lands past first or third base without touching anything, the point where the ball lands;\n else, if the ball rolls or bounces past first or third base without touching anything other than the ground, the point where the ball passes the base;\n else, if the ball touches anything other than the ground (such as an umpire, a player, or any equipment left on the field) before any of the above happens, the point of such touching;\n else (the ball comes to a rest before reaching first or third base), the point where the ball comes to a rest.\n\nIf any part of the ball is on or above fair territory at the appropriate reference point, it is fair; else it is foul. Fair territory or fair ground is defined as the area of the playing field between the two foul lines, and includes the foul lines themselves and the foul poles. However, certain exceptions exist:\n\n A ball that touches first, second, or third base is always fair.\n Under Rule 5.09(a)(7)-(8), if a batted ball touches the batter or his bat while the batter is in the batter's box and not intentionally interfering with the course of the ball, the ball is foul.\n A ball that hits the foul pole without first having touched anything else off the bat is fair.\n Ground rules may provide whether a ball hitting specific objects (e.g. roof, overhead speaker) is fair or foul.\n\nOn a fair ball, the batter attempts to reach first base or any subsequent base, runners attempt to advance and fielders try to record outs. A fair ball is considered a live ball until the ball becomes dead by leaving the field or any other method.\n\nReferences\n\nBaseball rules" ]

[ "Ken Loach", "Early life, The Wednesday Play and Kes", "where did he spend his early life in?", "Loach was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire,", "what were the significant aspects of his early life?", "He attended King Edward VI Grammar School and went on to study law at St Peter's College, Oxford.", "what does the article say about Wednesday play", "Loach's ten contributions to the BBC's Wednesday Play anthology series include the docudramas Up the Junction (1965", "what more is known about this ?", "They portray working-class people in conflict with the authorities above them.", "what was the outcome of this portrayal?", "was broadcast at a time when the debate was at a height in the United Kingdom.", "what is the most interesting aspect of this section?", "Loach began to direct feature films for the cinema, with Poor Cow (1967) and Kes (1969).", "was kes successful?", "I don't know.", "anything else?", "The latter recounts the story of a troubled boy and his kestrel, and is based on the novel A Kestrel for a Knave by Barry Hines." ]

[ "\"Anything\" is a song by rapper Jay-Z that is found on the Vinyl 12\" \"Anything (The Berlin Remixes)\" 1999 with a Remix of DJ Tomekk from Def Jam Germany and later on Beanie Sigel's 2000 album The Truth. It is produced by Sam Sneed and P. Skam, who sample Lionel Bart's \"I'll Do Anything\" for the track's beat and chorus. The sample from Oliver! heavily popularized \"Anything\", as did the Annie sample on \"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\", \"Anything\" was also a bonus track on Jay-Z's album Vol. 3... Life and Times of S. Carter (UK/Europe edition) as is \"Anything (Mr. Drunk Mix)\" on the Japanese version of the album.\n\nJay-Z admitted to Angie Martinez in a 2009 interview on the BET program Food for Thought that he hoped the song would be a success like \"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\" due to their similarities but was surprised when it wasn't, even saying \"I dropped the record and then nothing\". The song did, however, achieve moderate success in the UK reaching #18 on the singles chart. A music video for the song was also released, which was directed by Chris Robinson.\n\n\"Anything (The Berlin Remixes)\"\n\nFormats and track listings\n\nVinyl 12\"\n\nA-side\n \"Anything (GBZ Remix)\"\t\t\n \"Anything (GBZ Remix Instrumental)\"\n\nB-side\n \"Anything (DJ Tomekk Remix)\"\t\n \"Anything (Original Version)\"\t\n \"Anything (Original Version Instrumental)\"\n\nFormats and track listings\n\nCD\n \"Anything (Radio Edit)\"\n \"So Ghetto\"\n \"There's Been a Murder\"\n \"Anything (Video)\"\n\nVinyl\n\nA-side\n \"Anything (Radio Edit) (3:47)\"\n \"Anything (LP Version) (4:47)\"\n \"Anything (Instrumental) (4:48)\"\n\nB-side\n \"Big Pimpin' (Radio Edit) (3:56)\"\n \"Big Pimpin' (LP Version) (4:44)\"\n \"Big Pimpin' (Instrumental) (4:59)\"\n\nCharts\n\nSee also\nList of songs recorded by Jay-Z\n\nReferences\n\n2000 singles\nJay-Z songs\nMusic videos directed by Chris Robinson (director)\nSongs written by Jay-Z\nSongs written by Lionel Bart\nRoc-A-Fella Records singles\n2000 songs", "Pierre Corneille Faculys Basson (1880 — January 22, 1906) was South Africa's first documented serial killer. He killed and buried at least nine people in his backyard in Claremont, Cape Town, so he could later claim their life insurance payout. When police officers arrived at his house, he shot himself.\n\nLife \nBasson was born in 1880 and was guilty of cruel acts at an early age. When he was 12, he sliced a boy with a knife and enjoyed watching animals suffer. Among other things, he enjoyed catching and killing birds. He also cut off cats' feet to see how they writhed from the pain.\n\nAs an adult, Basson lent money to people. Borrowers had to name him as beneficiary for their life insurance policies, after which he killed them between 13 February 1903, until 22 January 1906, to claim the money.\n\nBasson's first victim was his brother Jasper, who drowned on a fishing trip on February 4, 1903. Jasper's body was never found and the insurance company initially did not want to pay the policy until they were ordered by a court to do so.\n\nHe took his own life when the police uncovered the grave of his last victim, Wilhelm Schaefer (a German farmer). His last words to his mother when the police started excavations in their yard were: \"I'm going to go to the police. I did not do anything wrong.\"\n\nHe was posthumously convicted of murder after 1906.\n\nSee also\nList of serial killers by country\n\nReferences \n\nSouth African serial killers\nMale serial killers\n1880 births\n1906 suicides\n1900s murders in South Africa\n1903 murders in Africa\n1903 crimes in South Africa\nFratricides\nSuicides by firearm in South Africa" ]

[ "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Personal life and education" ]

[ "Since the first human spaceflight by the Soviet Union, citizens of 42 countries have flown in space. For each nationality, the launch date of the first mission is listed. The list is based on the nationality of the person at the time of the launch. Only 3 of the 42 \"first flyers\" have been women (Helen Sharman for the United Kingdom in 1991, Anousheh Ansari for Iran in 2006, and Yi So-yeon for South Korea in 2008). Only three nations (Soviet Union/Russia, U.S., China) have launched their own crewed spacecraft, with the Soviets/Russians and the American programs providing rides to other nations' astronauts. Twenty-seven \"first flights\" occurred on Soviet or Russian flights while the United States carried fourteen.\n\nTimeline\nNote: All dates given are UTC. Countries indicated in bold have achieved independent human spaceflight capability.\n\nNotes\n\nOther claims\nThe above list uses the nationality at the time of launch. Lists with differing criteria might include the following people:\n Pavel Popovich, first launched 12 August 1962, was the first Ukrainian-born man in space. At the time, Ukraine was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Michael Collins, first launched 18 July 1966 was born in Italy to American parents and was an American citizen when he went into space.\n William Anders, American citizen, first launched 21 December 1968, was the first Hong Kong-born man in space.\n Vladimir Shatalov, first launched 14 January 1969, was the first Kazakh-born man in space. At the time, Kazakhstan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Bill Pogue, first launched 16 November 1973, as an inductee to the 5 Civilized Tribes Hall of Fame can lay claim to being the first Native American in space. See John Herrington below regarding technicality of tribal registration.\n Pyotr Klimuk, first launched 18 December 1973, was the first Belorussian-born man in space. At the time, Belarus was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Vladimir Dzhanibekov, first launched 16 March 1978, was the first Uzbek-born man in space. At the time, Uzbekistan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Paul D. Scully-Power, first launched 5 October 1984, was born in Australia, but was an American citizen when he went into space; Australian law at the time forbade dual-citizenship.\n Taylor Gun-Jin Wang, first launched 29 April 1985, was born in China to Chinese parents, but was an American citizen when he went into space.\n Lodewijk van den Berg, launched 29 April 1985, was born in the Netherlands, but was an American citizen when he went into space.\n Patrick Baudry, first launched 17 June 1985, was born in French Cameroun (now part of Cameroon), but was a French citizen when he went into space.\n Shannon Lucid, first launched 17 June 1985, was born in China to American parents of European descent, and was an American citizen when she went into space.\n Franklin Chang-Diaz, first launched 12 January 1986, was born in Costa Rica, but was an American citizen when he went into space\n Musa Manarov, first launched 21 December 1987, was the first Azerbaijan-born man in space. At the time, Azerbaijan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Anatoly Solovyev, first launched 7 June 1988, was the first Latvian-born man in space. At the time, Latvia was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev and Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov became Russian rather than Soviet citizens while still in orbit aboard Mir, making them the first purely Russian citizens in space.\n James H. Newman, American citizen, first launched 12 September 1993, was born in the portion of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands that is now the Federated States of Micronesia.\n Talgat Musabayev, first launched 1 July 1994, was born in the Kazakh SSR and is known in Kazakhstan as the \"first cosmonaut of independent Kazakhstan\", but was a Russian citizen when he went into space.\n Frederick W. Leslie, American citizen, launched 20 October 1995, was born in Panama Canal Zone (now Panama).\n Andy Thomas, first launched 19 May 1996, was born in Australia but like Paul D. Scully-Power was an American citizen when he went to space; Australian law at the time forbade dual-citizenship.\n Carlos I. Noriega, first launched 15 May 1997, was born in Peru, but was an American citizen when he went into space.\n Bjarni Tryggvason, launched 7 August 1997, was born in Iceland, but was a Canadian citizen when he went into space.\n Salizhan Sharipov, first launched 22 January 1998, was born in Kyrgyzstan (then the Kirghiz SSR), but was a Russian citizen when he went into space. Sharipov is of Uzbek ancestry.\n Philippe Perrin, first launched 5 June 2002, was born in Morocco, but was a French citizen when he went into space.\n John Herrington, an American citizen first launched 24 November 2002, is the first tribal registered Native American in space (Chickasaw). See also Bill Pogue above.\n Fyodor Yurchikhin, first launched 7 October 2002, was born in Georgia (then the Georgian SSR). He was a Russian citizen at the time he went into space and is of Pontian Greek descent.\n Joseph M. Acaba, first launched 15 March 2009, was born in the U.S. state of California to American parents of Puerto Rican descent.\n\nGallery\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nCurrent Space Demographics, compiled by William Harwood, CBS News Space Consultant, and Rob Navias, NASA.\n\nLists of firsts in space\nSpaceflight timelines", ", son of regent Norifusa, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Muromachi period (1336–1573). He was the second head of Tosa-Ichijō clan. He was born when his father Norifusa was in exile in Tosa Province from Kyoto. He stayed in the province when his father returned to Kyoto. He was the father of Fusafuyu and Fusamichi.\n\nReferences\n \n\n1475 births\n1539 deaths\nFujiwara clan\nIchijō family" ]

[ "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Personal life and education", "When was he born?", "1954" ]

[ "Miguel Skrobot (Warsaw, 1873 – Curitiba, February 20, 1912) was a businessman Brazilian of Polish origin.\n\nMiguel Skrobot was born in 1873, in Warsaw, Poland, to José Skrobot and Rosa Skrobot. When he was 18 he migrated to Brazil and settled in Curitiba as a merchant.\n\nHe married Maria Pansardi, who was born in Tibagi, Paraná, to Italian immigrants, and she bore him three children. He kept a steam-powered factory where he worked on grinding and toasting coffee beans under the \"Rio Branco\" brand, located on the spot where today stands the square called Praça Zacarias (square located in the center of Curitiba). He also owned a grocery store near Praça Tiradentes (also a square in the center of Curitiba, where the city was born). He died an early death, when he was 39, on February 20, 1912.\n\nReferences\n\n1873 births\n1912 deaths\nBrazilian businesspeople\nPeople from Curitiba\nPolish emigrants to Brazil", "Adolf von Rauch (22 April 1798 - 12 December 1882) was a German paper manufacturer in Heilbronn, where he was born and died and where he was a major builder of social housing.\n\nPapermakers\n1798 births\n1882 deaths\nPeople from Heilbronn" ]

[ "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Personal life and education", "When was he born?", "1954", "Where was he born?", "Kasimpasa neighborhood of Istanbul," ]

[ "The Extraordinary Tale of Nicholas Pierce is a 2011 adventure novel written by Alexander DeLuca. It follows the journey of a university teacher Nicholas Pierce, who suffers from obsessive compulsive disorder as he searches for his biological parents, traveling across states in the United States of America. He travels with a friend, who is an eccentric barista in a cafe in upstate New York, named Sergei Tarasov.\n\nPlot\nNicholas Pierce suffers from OCD. He is also missing the memory of the first five years of his life. Raised by adoptive parents, one day he receives a mysterious box from an \"Uncle Nathan\". Curious, he sets off on a journey to find his biological parents with a Russian friend, Sergei Tarasov. On the trip, they meet several people, face money problems and different challenges. They also pick up a hitchhiker, Jessica, who later turns out to be a criminal.\n\nFinally, Nicholas finds his grandparents, who direct him to his biological parents. When he meets them, he finds out that his vaguely registered biological 'parents' were actually neighbors of his real parents who had died in an accident. The mysterious box that he had received is destroyed. He finds out that it contained photographs from his early life.\n\n2011 American novels\nNovels about obsessive–compulsive disorder", "Bomba and the Jungle Girl is a 1952 adventure film directed by Ford Beebe and starring Johnny Sheffield. It is the eighth film (of 12) in the Bomba, the Jungle Boy film series.\n\nPlot\nBomba decides to find out who his parents were. He starts with Cody Casson's diary and follows the trail to a native village. An ancient blind woman tells him his parents, along the village's true ruler, were murdered by the current chieftain and his daughter. With the aid of an inspector and his daughter, Bomba battles the usurpers in the cave where his parents were buried.\n\nCast\nJohnny Sheffield\nKaren Sharpe\nWalter Sande\nSuzette Harbin\nMartin Wilkins\nMorris Buchanan\nLeonard Mudie\nDon Blackman.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1952 films\nAmerican films\nAmerican adventure films\nFilms directed by Ford Beebe\nFilms produced by Walter Mirisch\nMonogram Pictures films\n1952 adventure films\nAmerican black-and-white films" ]

[ "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Personal life and education", "When was he born?", "1954", "Where was he born?", "Kasimpasa neighborhood of Istanbul,", "Who were his parents?", "His parents are Ahmet Erdogan and Tenzile Erdogan." ]

[ "The Ruellan brothers (in French les frères Ruellan) were French siblings from Paramé (now included in Saint-Malo), Brittany, who fought during the First World War. Ten brothers, from a family of thirteen children, were on the front lines. Six were killed in action, setting the record for the highest number of French siblings killed during World War I. A seventh brother, who had been exposed to a chemical agent during the war, died few years later of his injuries.\n\nReferences\n\nSibling groups\nPeople from Saint-Malo\nFrench military personnel killed in World War I\nYear of birth missing", "Thomas Manny, also known as Thomas de Manny or Thomas of Manny was the only son and heir of Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk and Walter de Manny, 1st Baron Manny.\n\nBiography \nBorn in 1357 in London, England, he was the third son of his mother and only son of his father. He was heir to the office of Lord Marshal, Earldom of Norfolk and Barony of Manny. His two other half-brothers had died before being ten years of age; thus, he was his parents' only son.\n\nThomas died aged five. He drowned in a well in Deptford, Kent in January 1362. He was succeeded as heir of his father's barony by his full sister. Finally, their mother's titles were to be inherited by their older half-siblings and the descendants of them as their mother would die after the Manny title would become extinct.\n\nSiblings\n\nHalf-siblings \nFrom his mother's first husband John de Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave:\n Edmund de Segrave (died in the cradle)\n Elizabeth Segrave, 5th Baroness Segrave (1338–1368) married John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray, had issue.\n John de Segrave (13 September 13401349)\n Margaret de Segrave, Abbess of Barking\n\nFull siblings \n Anne Hastings, Countess of Pembroke\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography \n \n\n1357 births\n1362 deaths\nHeirs apparent who never acceded" ]

[ "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Personal life and education", "When was he born?", "1954", "Where was he born?", "Kasimpasa neighborhood of Istanbul,", "Who were his parents?", "His parents are Ahmet Erdogan and Tenzile Erdogan.", "Who were his siblings?", "Erdogan had a brother Mustafa (b. 1958) and sister Vesile (b. 1965)." ]

[ "Frederick T. West (July 6, 1893 – January 18, 1989) was an American Orthodontist and a graduate of Dewey School of Orthodontia. He was a former President of American Association of Orthodontists in 1954 and was selected 5th ever honorary member of Edward Angle Society of Orthodontist in 1965.\n\nLife\nHe was born in Sacramento, California and attended Christian Brothers High School (Sacramento, California) in 1910. He attended Saint Mary's College of California where he received his college degree in 1914. He then attended College of Physicians and Surgeons Dental School in San Francisco and graduated in 1917. After this he continued his studies at the Dewey School of Orthodontia where he learned Orthodontics for six weeks. In 1919, he started teaching at the Physicians and Surgeons school where he served as a faculty for 43 years. The school later changed its name to University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry after the school survived a financial disaster in 1923 which Dr. West saved the school from by loaning school money.\n\nCareer\nDr. West became the curator of library which held Dr. Spencer Atkinson's collection of 15,000 skulls. In 1982 he received Albert H. Ketcham Memorial award which is the highest honor in the field of Orthodontics. University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry hosts annual lecture series in the honor of Dr. West.\n\nReferences\n\nAmerican orthodontists\nPeople from Sacramento, California\n1893 births\n1989 deaths\n20th-century dentists", "Charlie George Hawkins (born 14 February 1991) is a British actor. He was born and raised in Islington.\n\nHis most notable roles are Darren Miller in the BBC soap opera EastEnders, which he was in from 2004 to 2011, and a cub scout named Tyrone in Ali G Indahouse.\n\nHawkins attended Holloway Secondary School in Islington, London, following which he attended Central Foundation Boys' School.\n\nFilmography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n BBC website character and actor profile \n\n1991 births\nLiving people\nPeople from Islington (district)\nPeople educated at Holloway School\nPeople educated at Central Foundation Boys' School\nEnglish male soap opera actors\nEnglish male child actors" ]

[ "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Personal life and education", "When was he born?", "1954", "Where was he born?", "Kasimpasa neighborhood of Istanbul,", "Who were his parents?", "His parents are Ahmet Erdogan and Tenzile Erdogan.", "Who were his siblings?", "Erdogan had a brother Mustafa (b. 1958) and sister Vesile (b. 1965).", "Which school he attended?", "Erdogan graduated from Kasimpasa Piyale primary school in 1965, and Imam Hatip school, a religious vocational high school, in 1973." ]

[ "The Katy series is a set of novels by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, writing under the pen-name of Susan Coolidge. The first in the series, What Katy Did, was published in 1872 and followed the next year by What Katy Did at School. What Katy Did Next was released in 1886. Two further novels, Clover (1888) and In the High Valley (1890), focused upon other members of the eponymous character's family. The series was popular with readers in the late 19th century.\n\nThe series was later adapted into a TV series entitled Katy in 1962, and two films, one also called Katy in 1972 and What Katy Did in 1999.\n\nNovels\n What Katy Did\n What Katy Did at School\n What Katy Did Next\n Clover\n In the High Valley\n\nAdaptions\n Katy (TV series, 1962)\n Katy (film, 1972)\n What Katy Did (film, 1999)\n\nLiterary Criticism\nCritics are divided about how much the series played into period gender norms and often compare the series to Little Women. Foster and Simmons argue for its subversion of gender in their book What Katy Read: Feminist Re-Readings of ‘Classic’ Stories for Girls by suggesting the series “deconstructs family hierarchies”.\n\nInfluence\nThe series is unusual for its time by having an entry which focuses not on the family life at home but at school in What Katy Did at School.\n\nIn a 1995 survey, What Katy Did was voted as one of the top 10 books for 12-year-old girls.\n\nSee also\n\nSarah Chauncey Woolsey\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nSeries details at Fantastic Fiction\n\nKaty series\n1870s novels\nNovel series\nSeries of children's books\nNovels by Susan Coolidge\n1880s novels\n1890s novels\n1962 American television series debuts\n1972 films\n1999 films", "Thomas Nelson High School is a public high school located in an unincorporated area of Nelson County, Kentucky that has a Bardstown mailing address. Operated by the Nelson County School District and named after American Revolution figure Thomas Nelson, Jr., it was opened in August 2012 to alleviate overcrowding at what had been the district's only regular high school, Nelson County High School.\n\nAlthough the school opened in 2012, it did not graduate its first students until 2014. In its first school year of 2012–13, only 9th through 11th grades attended.\n\nNotes and references\n\nBuildings and structures in Bardstown, Kentucky\nEducational institutions established in 2012\nPublic high schools in Kentucky\nSchools in Nelson County, Kentucky\n2012 establishments in Kentucky" ]

[ "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Personal life and education", "When was he born?", "1954", "Where was he born?", "Kasimpasa neighborhood of Istanbul,", "Who were his parents?", "His parents are Ahmet Erdogan and Tenzile Erdogan.", "Who were his siblings?", "Erdogan had a brother Mustafa (b. 1958) and sister Vesile (b. 1965).", "Which school he attended?", "Erdogan graduated from Kasimpasa Piyale primary school in 1965, and Imam Hatip school, a religious vocational high school, in 1973.", "What he did during high school?", "School. He subsequently studied Business Administration at the Aksaray School of Economics and Commercial Sciences, now known as Marmara University's Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences--" ]

[ "This is a list of people associated with the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science.\n\nNotable faculty\n\nAlumni\n(*did not graduate)\n\nNobel laureates\n\nPulitzer Prize winners\n\nOther\n\n(*did not graduate)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNew York University\n\nLists of people by university or college in New York City\n\nNew York University-related lists", "Most presidents of the United States received a college education, even most of the earliest. Of the first seven presidents, five were college graduates. College degrees have set the presidents apart from the general population, and presidents have held degrees even though it was quite rare and unnecessary for practicing most occupations, including law. Of the 45 individuals to have been the president, 25 of them graduated from a private undergraduate college, nine graduated from a public undergraduate college, and 12 held no degree. Every president since 1953 has had a bachelor's degree, reflecting the increasing importance of higher education in the United States.\n\nList by university attended\n\nDid not graduate from college \n\nGeorge Washington (Although the death of Washington's father ended his formal schooling, he received a surveyor's certificate from the College of William and Mary. Washington believed strongly in formal education, and his will left money and/or stocks to support three educational institutions.)\nJames Monroe (attended the College of William and Mary, but dropped out to fight in the Revolutionary War)\nAndrew Jackson\nMartin Van Buren\nWilliam Henry Harrison (attended Hampden Sydney College for three years but did not graduate and then attended University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine but never received a degree)\nZachary Taylor\nMillard Fillmore (founded the University at Buffalo)\nAbraham Lincoln (had only about a year of formal schooling of any kind)\nAndrew Johnson (no formal schooling of any kind)\nGrover Cleveland\nWilliam McKinley (attended Allegheny College, but did not graduate; also attended Albany Law School, but also did not graduate)\nHarry S. Truman (went to business college and law school, but did not graduate)\n\nUndergraduate \n\nA.JFK enrolled, but did not attend\n\nAdditional undergraduate information\nSome presidents attended more than one institution. George Washington never attended college, though The College of William & Mary did issue him a surveyor's certificate. Two presidents have attended a foreign college at the undergraduate level: John Quincy Adams at Leiden University and Bill Clinton at the University of Oxford (John F. Kennedy intended to study at the London School of Economics, but failed to attend as he fell ill before classes began.)\n\nThree presidents have attended the United States Service academies: Ulysses S. Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, while Jimmy Carter graduated from the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. No presidents have graduated from the United States Coast Guard Academy or the much newer U.S. Air Force Academy. Eisenhower also graduated from the Army Command and General Staff College, Army Industrial College and Army War College. These were not degree granting institutions when Eisenhower attended, but were part of his professional education as a career soldier.\n\nGraduate school\nA total of 20 presidents attended some form of graduate school (including professional schools). Among them, eleven presidents received a graduate degree during their lifetimes; two more received graduate degrees posthumously.\n\nBusiness school\n\nGraduate School\n\nMedical school\n\nLaw school \n\nSeveral presidents who were lawyers did not attend law school, but became lawyers after independent study under the tutelage of established attorneys. Some had attended college before beginning their legal studies, and several studied law without first having attended college. Presidents who were lawyers but did not attend law school include: John Adams; Thomas Jefferson; James Madison; James Monroe; John Quincy Adams; Andrew Jackson; Martin Van Buren; John Tyler; James K. Polk; Millard Fillmore; James Buchanan; Abraham Lincoln; James A. Garfield; Grover Cleveland; Benjamin Harrison; and Calvin Coolidge.\n\nPresidents who were admitted to the bar after a combination of law school and independent study include; Franklin Pierce; Chester A. Arthur; William McKinley; and Woodrow Wilson.\n\nList by graduate degree earned\n\nPh.D. (doctorate)\n\nM.B.A. (Master of Business Administration)\n\nM.A. (Master of Arts)\n\nNote: John Adams and John Quincy Adams, along with George W. Bush are the only presidents to date to attain Master’s degrees.\n\nJ.D. or LL.B. (law degree)\n\nNote: Hayes, Taft, Nixon and Ford were awarded LL.B. degrees. When U.S. law schools began to use the J.D. as the professional law degree in the 1960s, previous graduates had the choice of converting their LL.B. degrees to a J.D. Duke University Law School made the change in 1968, and Yale Law School in 1971. Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt, both of whom attended Columbia Law School but withdrew before graduating, were awarded posthumous J.D. degrees in 2008.\n\nList by president\n\nOther academic associations\n\nFaculty member\n\nSchool rector or president\n\nSchool trustee or governor\n\nSee also\n List of prime ministers of Australia by education\n List of prime ministers of Canada by academic degrees\n List of presidents of the Philippines by education\n List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom by education\n\nReferences\n\nCollege education\nUnited States education-related lists" ]

[ "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Personal life and education", "When was he born?", "1954", "Where was he born?", "Kasimpasa neighborhood of Istanbul,", "Who were his parents?", "His parents are Ahmet Erdogan and Tenzile Erdogan.", "Who were his siblings?", "Erdogan had a brother Mustafa (b. 1958) and sister Vesile (b. 1965).", "Which school he attended?", "Erdogan graduated from Kasimpasa Piyale primary school in 1965, and Imam Hatip school, a religious vocational high school, in 1973.", "What he did during high school?", "School. He subsequently studied Business Administration at the Aksaray School of Economics and Commercial Sciences, now known as Marmara University's Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences--", "When did he graduate?", "I don't know." ]

[ "A putative marriage is an apparently valid marriage, entered into in good faith on the part of at least one of the partners, but that is legally invalid due to a technical impediment, such as a preexistent marriage on the part of one of the partners. Unlike someone in a common-law, statutory, or ceremonial marriage, a putative spouse is not legally married. Instead, a putative spouse believes himself or herself to be married in good faith and is given legal rights as a result of this person's reliance upon this good-faith belief.\n \nPutative marriages exist in both Catholic canon law and in various civil laws, though the rules may vary. In some jurisdictions, putative marriages are a matter of case law rather than legislation. In many jurisdictions, under civil law, the marriage becomes valid if the impediment is removed. If it is not removed, the innocent spouse, at least, is often entitled to the protections of a divorce for division of property and child custody.\n\nCatholic canon law \n\nIn Catholic canon law, there are a number of requirements for a valid Catholic marriage. However, a Catholic marriage is considered valid unless and until it is proved otherwise. In consequence, children born as a result of a marriage which is found to be void are considered legitimate, and the spouses cannot marry others without first obtaining an annulment by proving its invalidity. If the invalidity is proven, an annulment can be granted.\n\nOnly marriages which have the appearance of validity are considered putative. Consequently, if form is altogether lacking, then the marriage is not considered putative, and the marriage does not enjoy the presumption of validity.\n\nIf the impediment is removed, or a dispensation granted, and if consent perdures, the marriage can be convalidated.\n\nPutative marriage in the United States \n\nMany U.S. states have a concept of a putative spouse.\n\nA number of states followed the example of the Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act (also sometimes called the Model Marriage and Divorce Act) to establish the concept of a \"Putative Spouse\" by statute. The concept has been codified in California, Colorado, Illinois, Louisiana, Minnesota and Montana. Case law provides for putative spouse rights in Nebraska, Washington state, Nevada, Texas and Louisiana. Colorado and Montana are the only U.S. states to have both common law marriage and to formally recognize putative spouse status. Putative spouse concepts, called \"deemed marriages\" are also recognized under the Social Security program in the United States.\n\nIn Colorado, which is typical, \"Any person who has cohabited with another person to whom he is not legally marriaged in the good faith belief that he was married to that person is a putative spouse until knowledge of the fact that he is not legally married terminates his status and prevents acquisition of further rights.\" Section 14-2-111, Colorado Revised Statutes.\n\nPutative spouse status is a remedial doctrine designed to protect the reasonable expectations of someone who acts on the belief that they are married, and generally entitled a putative spouse to the rights a legal spouse would have for the period from the putative marriage until discovery that the marriage was not legal. It is possible that a person could have both a legal spouse and someone as a putative spouse, as when a person remarries, not realizing that the divorce decree had not been made final for his original marriage; in which case, courts are directed to do what seems appropriate in the circumstances.\n\nUnlike a common law marriage, which is possible only when both spouses are legally eligible to marry, putative spouse status can be unilateral. For example, if a husband is married, but goes through a marriage ceremony without informing the woman with whom he goes through with the ceremony of that fact, the husband is not a putative spouse, because he knows that he has no legal ability to marry. The wife however is a putative spouse because she in good faith believes that she is legally married, and has no knowledge that she is not legally married.\n\nIn the example above, the putative wife who believed she was married could seek the property division and alimony awards that a legal spouse could have, when the putative spouse discovers that she is not legally married, but her husband could not seek a property division in the putative wife's name or alimony from her, because he knew that their marriage was not legal.\n\nIf, on the other hand, the husband had had reliable but incorrect information that his first wife was dead, both the husband and the wife would have the status of putative spouse.\n\nSee also\nCommon-law marriage\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCatholic Encyclopedia \"Putative Marriage\"\nRuling on a putative marriage citing Colorado state law\n\nCatholic matrimonial canon law\nDisrupted marriage\nMarriage in the Catholic Church", "Marital deduction is a type of tax law that allows a person to give assets to his or her spouse with reduced or no tax imposed upon the transfer. Some marital deduction laws even apply to transfers made postmortem. The right to receive property conveys ownership for tax purposes. A decree of divorce transfers the right to that property by reason of the marriage and is also a transfer within a marriage. It makes no difference whether the property itself or equivalent compensation is transferred before, or after the decree dissolves the marriage. There is no U.S. estate and gift tax on transfers of any amount between spouses, whether during their lifetime or at death. There is an important exceptions for non-citizens. The U.S. federal Estate and gift tax marital deduction is only available if the surviving spouse is a U.S. citizen. For a surviving spouse who is not a U.S. citizen a bequest through a Qualified Domestic Trust defers estate tax until principal is distributed by the trustee, a U.S. citizen or corporation who also withholds the estate tax. Income on principal distributed to the surviving spouse is taxed as individual income. If the surviving spouse becomes a U.S. citizen, principal remaining in a Qualifying Domestic Trust may then be distributed without further tax.\n\nReferences\n\"Marital Deduction.\" Investopedia. Investopedia Inc., 2000. Answers.com 1 February 2006. http://www.answers.com/topic/marital-deduction\n\nAmerican legal terminology\nTax law\nFamily law" ]

[ "Erich Mielke", "Imprisonment" ]

[ "Norbert Erich Kröcher (14 July 1950 – 16 September 2016) was a German terrorist and member of J2M. He was also strongly associated with the second generation of the Red Army Faction. He was the husband of Gabriele Kröcher-Tiedemann.\n\nAs a terrorist\nIn 1976 Kröcher planned to kidnap the Swedish politician Anna-Greta Leijon. The goal was to exchange Leijon for 8 of his comrades held in German prisons. The plan, known as Operation Leo, was intercepted by the police and Kröcher was arrested on 31 March in Stockholm. He was deported from Sweden in 1977 and jailed in Germany. He was released in 1985 and did not rejoin the J2M. As of 2005, he was known to live in Berlin. He committed suicide on 16 September 2016 after being diagnosed with terminal cancer.\n\nReferences\n\n1950 births\n2016 deaths\nPeople imprisoned on charges of terrorism\nSuicides in Germany\nGerman prisoners and detainees\nPrisoners and detainees of Germany\nMembers of the 2 June Movement\nMembers of the Red Army Faction", "Rafael Erich's cabinet was the sixth Government of Republic of Finland. The cabinet's time period was March 15, 1920 – April 9, 1921. It was a minority government.\n\nErich's cabinet's main task was to conclude the official peace treaty with Soviet Russia. The treaty was signed in Tartu, Estonia, on October 14, 1920. Soviet Russia recognized Finland's independence officially and its frontier between the two countries.\n\nAssembly\n\nReferences\n\n \n\nErich\n1920 establishments in Finland\n1921 disestablishments in Finland\nCabinets established in 1920\nCabinets disestablished in 1921" ]

[ "Erich Mielke", "Imprisonment", "Why was Erich imprisoned?", "Mielke was then put on trial for ordering the shootings of East Germans who were trying to defect to the West." ]

[ "This list includes American politicians at the state and local levels who have been convicted of felony or misdemeanor crimes committed while in office.\n\nAt the bottom of the article are links to related articles which deal with politicians who are involved in federal scandals (political and sexual), as well as differentiating among federal, state and local convictions. Also excluded are crimes which occur outside the politician's tenure in office unless they specifically stem from acts during his time of service.\n\nEntries are arranged by date, from most current to less recent, and by state.\n\n2020–present\n\nAlabama \nState Senator David Burkette (D) convicted of campaign violations. (2020)\n\nCalifornia\n\nLocal \nLos Angeles Councilman Mitchell Englander (R) was sentenced to one year and one day in prison for obstructing a probe into his alleged corruption. (2021)\n\nIdaho \nState Representative John Green (R) convicted of fraud. (2020)\n\nIllinois \nState Representative Eddie Acevedo (D) convicted of tax evasion. (2021)\nState Senator Terry Link (D) was convicted of tax evasion. (2020)\nState Senator Martin Sandoval (D) convicted of bribery. (2020).\n\nLouisiana \nState Senator Wesley T. Bishop (D) pleaded guilty to making false statements. (2020)\n\nMaryland \nState Delegate Cheryl Glenn (D) pleaded guilty to accepting $33,000 in bribes. (2020).\nState Delegate Tawanna P. Gaines (D) pleaded guilty to misuse of campaign funds (2020)\n\nLocal \nMayor of Baltimore Catherine Pugh (D) convicted of fraud and perjury. (2020)\n\nMassachusetts \nState Representative David Nangle (D) convicted of wire fraud. (2020)\n\nMichigan \n State Representative Bryan Posthumus (R) was sentenced to 15 days in jail for \"operating while intoxicated\". (2021)\n\nLocal \nDetroit City Councillor Andre Spivey (D) convicted of bribery. (2022)\nDetroit City Councillor Gabe Leland (D) convicted of misconduct. (2021)\n\nMissouri \nState Representative Courtney Allen Curtis (D) convicted of fraud. (2020)\n\nNew Hampshire \nState Senator Jeff Woodburn (D) convicted of domestic violence and criminal mischief. (2021)\nState Representative Robert Forsythe (R) pleaded guilty to two counts of assault. (2021)\n\nNew York\n\nLocal \nNew York City Council member Chaim Deutsch (D) convicted of fraud. (2021)\n\nNorth Carolina \nState Representative David R. Lewis (R) convicted of making false statements to a bank. (2020)\n\nOhio\n\nLocal \nCouncilman Kenneth Johnson (D) convicted of tax violations and federal conspiracy to defraud the government. Johnson's aide, Garnell Jamison, was convicted of 11 charges as well. (2021)\nPorter Township trustee Edward Snodgrass (R) pleaded guilty to falsification. (2021)\nCincinnati City Council President Tamaya Dennard (D) convicted of fraud. (2020)\n\nOregon \nState Representative Mike Nearman (R) pleaded guilty to official misconduct for allowing rioters to enter the Oregon State Capitol. (2021)\n\nPennsylvania \nState Representative Margo L. Davidson (D) convicted of theft. (2021)\nState Senator Mike Folmer (R) was convicted of possession of child pornography and served one year in prison. (2020)\n\nTennessee \nState Senator Katrina Robinson (D) convicted of wired fraud. (2021)\n\n2010–2019\n\nAlabama \nState Senator Zeb Little (D) convicted of theft of client funds. (2019)\nState Representative Ed Henry (R) convicted of fraud. (2019)\nState Representative Micky Hammon (R) was convicted of fraud (2017)\nState Representative Oliver Robinson (D) was convicted of bribery. (2017)\nGovernor of Alabama Robert J. Bentley (R) resigned after pleading guilty to two misdemeanor charges: failing to file a major contribution report, in violation of Code of Alabama § 17-5-8.1(c); and knowingly converting campaign contributions to personal use, in violation of Code of Alabama § 36-25-6.\" (2017)\nSpeaker of the Alabama House of Representatives Mike Hubbard (R) was convicted on 12 of 23 felony charges. (2016)\nState Representative Greg Wren (R) pleaded guilty to an ethics violation. He resigned from the Alabama Legislature as a condition of his plea deal and was given a 12-month suspended sentence and ordered to pay $24,000. (2014)\nState Representative Terry Spicer (D) pleaded guilty to accepting more than $3,000 per month in bribes. (2011)\n\nArizona \nState Senator Frank Antenori (R) convicted of trespassing. (2016)\nState Representative Ceci Velasquez (D) was convicted of theft. (2016)\nState Representative Richard Miranda (D) pleaded guilty to wire fraud and tax evasion. (2012)\nState Representative Ben Arredondo (D) was charged with bribery, fraud and extortion. He was sentenced to 18 months of house arrest. (2012)\nState Senator Scott Bundgaard (R) agreed to participate in domestic violence classes for six months after assaulting his girlfriend. (2011)\n\nLocal \nSheriff of Maricopa County Joe Arpaio (R) was convicted of contempt of court. He was pardoned by President Donald Trump before his sentencing. (2017)\n\nArkansas \nState Senator Jeremy Hutchinson (R) convicted of bribery. (2019)\nState Representative Hank Wilkins (D) convicted of bribery. (2018)\nState Senator Jake Files (R) was convicted of fraud. (2018)\nState Representative Jon Woods (R) convicted of bribery. (2018)\nState Representative Eddie Cooper (D) convicted of embezzlement. (2018)\nState Representative Micah Neal (R) was convicted of bribery. (2017)\nState Representative Steven B. Jones (D) convicted of bribery. (2015)\nState Senator Paul Bookout (D) pleaded guilty to mail fraud. (2014)\nState Treasurer Martha Shoffner (D) convicted on the charges of extortion and bribery and sentenced to 30 months. (2014)\nState Representative Hudson Hallum (D) pleaded guilty to voter bribing. (2012)\n\nCalifornia \nState Senator Roy Ashburn (R) pleaded no contest to driving under the influence and was sentenced to two days in prison. (2010)\nState Senator Ron Calderon (D), brother of Tom, was convicted of money laundering. (2016)\nState Assemblyman Tom Calderon (D), brother of Ron, was convicted of money laundering. (2016)\nState Senator Leland Yee (D) pleaded guilty to one count of racketeering (2015) and was sentenced to five years in prison. (2016)\nState Senator Roderick Wright (D) was convicted of eight counts of perjury and voter fraud. He was sentenced to 90 days and barred him from ever holding public office again and will be required to perform 1,500 hours of community service and three years' probation under the terms of his conviction. (2014) Wright was pardoned in 2018.\nState Assemblywoman Mary Hayashi (D) was charged with felony grand theft after being caught on video surveillance allegedly shoplifting $2,445 worth of merchandise from San Francisco's Neiman Marcus store. She was sentenced to $180 fine and three years' probation and was ordered to stay more than 50 feet from the store. (2011)\n\nLocal \nDistrict Attorney for Contra Costa County Mark Peterson (D) convicted of perjury. (2017)\nLos Angeles County Sheriff of Los Angeles Lee Baca (D) convicted of obstructing the FBI. (2017)\nMayor of Gardena Paul Tanaka (R) convicted of civil rights abuses. (2016)\nSheriff of San Francisco Ross Mirkarimi (D) convicted of false imprisonment. (2013)\nMayor of San Diego Bob Filner (D) given three months of house arrest, three years' probation, and partial loss of his mayoral pension after pleading guilty to state charges of false imprisonment and battery. (2013)\n\nColorado \nState Representative Timothy J. Leonard (R) was found guilty of Contempt of Court and sentenced to 14 days in jail. (2016)\nState Senator Steve King (R) pleaded guilty to embezzlement of public property and misdemeanor first-degree official misconduct. Sentenced to serve two years' probation and complete 80 hours of useful public service. (2015)\nState Representative Douglas Bruce (R), was convicted on four counts of felony criminal activity including, money laundering, attempted improper influence of a public official, and tax fraud. He was sentenced on February 13, 2012, to a total of 180 days in jail, $49,000 in fines, and six months of probation which included extensive disclosure requirements. (2011)\nSecretary of State Scott Gessler (R) was found guilty of violating Colorado's ethics laws by using state money to attend a Republican event in Florida (2012)\n\nConnecticut \nState Representative Victor Cuevas (D) convicted of bank fraud. (2016)\nState Senator Ernie Newton (D) was sentenced to six months in prison for three counts of illegal practices in campaign financing. Newton had also been sentenced to four years for federal charges of accepting a $5,000 bribe, evading taxes and pilfering campaign contributions to pay for personal expenses. (2015)\nState Representative Christina Ayala (D) convicted of election fraud. (2014)\nState Senator Thomas Gaffey (D) convicted of larceny. (2011)\n\nLocal \nMayor of Hartford, Connecticut Eddie Perez (D), was sentenced to eight years, suspended after three years, with three years in prison, to be followed by three years of probation for corruption. (2010)\n\nFlorida \nState Representative Daisy Baez (D) convicted of perjury. (2017)\nState Representative Erik Fresen (R) convicted of tax evasion. (2017)\nState Representative Dwayne L. Taylor (D) convicted of fraud. (2017)\nState Representative Reggie Fullwood (D) convicted of fraud. (2016)\nState Senator M. Mandy Dawson (D) convicted of fraud. (2011)\n\nLocal \nTallahassee Mayor Scott Maddox (D) convicted of corruption. (2019)\n\nGeorgia \nState Representative Tyrone Brooks (D) convicted of tax fraud. (2015)\n\nHawaii \nState Senator Rod Tam (D) convicted of theft. (2011)\n\nIdaho \nState Senator John McGee (R) pleaded guilty to probation violation and a disturbing the peace charge related to sexual harassment that had occurred at the Idaho State Capital Building and was jailed for 44 days. (2012) He had previously been arrested for grand theft auto and driving under the influence. McGee pleaded guilty to DUI and was sentenced to 180 days, serving 5 in jail, plus community service, 175 days' probation, plus fines and restitution. (2011)\n\nIllinois \nState Representative Keith Farnham (D) convicted of distributing child pornography. (2014)\nState Representative Derrick Smith (D) was arrested and convicted of accepting a $7,000 bribe. (2014)\nState Representative Constance A. Howard (D) convicted of mail fraud. (2013)\nState Representative La Shawn Ford (D) convicted of fraud. (2012)\nState Representative Ron Stephens (R) was found guilty of repeated drug abuse and DUI (2010)\n\nLocal \n Alderman of Chicago Willie Cochran (D) convicted of fraud. (2019)\n Chief Executive Officer of Chicago Public Schools Barbara Byrd-Bennett (D) convicted of bribery. (2015)\n Alderman of Chicago William Beavers (D) convicted of tax fraud. (2013)\n Alderman of Chicago Sandi Jackson (D) pleaded guilty to one count of filing false tax returns. (2013)\n Comptroller and Treasurer of Dixon, Rita Crundwell (D) was sentenced to 19 years and 7 months in prison for fraud, having embezzled $53 million. (2013)\nAlderman of Chicago Isaac Carothers (D) convicted of corruption. (2010)\n\nIndiana \nSecretary of State Charlie White (R) was convicted on 6 of 7 felony charges including perjury, theft and voter fraud. (2012)\n\nLocal \nMayor of East Chicago George Pabey (D) was convicted by a federal court jury on September 24, 2010, of conspiracy and theft of government funds. (2010)\n\nIowa \nState Senator Kent Sorenson (R) pleaded guilty to one count of falsely reporting expenditures and one count of obstruction of justice. (2013)\n\nKansas \nState Representative Trent K. LeDoux (R) pleaded guilty to one count of bank fraud. He was sentenced Monday to 18 months in federal prison for defrauding Farmers and Merchants Bank of Colby, Kan., of more than $460,000. (2014)\n\nLocal\n\nKentucky \nState Representative Keith Hall (D) was convicted of bribery and sentenced to seven years in prison. (2016)\nState Representative Ben Waide (R) convicted of campaign violations. (2016)\nCommissioner of Agriculture Richie Farmer (R) was convicted of corruption and sentenced to 27 months in prison. (2014)\n\nLouisiana \nState Representative Girod Jackson, III (D) convicted of tax evasion. (2013)\n\nLocal \nMayor of New Orleans Ray Nagin (D) was found guilty on 20 counts of bribery and was sentenced to ten years in federal prison. (2014)\nMayor of Mandeville Eddie Price III (R) was sentenced to 60 months on charges of income tax evasion and corruption. (2010)\n\nMaine \nState Representative David R. Burns (R) pleaded guilty to misdemeanor forgery and theft charges and was sentenced to six months. (2012)\nState Representative Frederick Wintle (R), pleaded guilty to a concealed weapons charge (2011)\n\nMaryland \nState Delegate Cheryl Glenn (D) convicted of fraud. (2019)\nState Senator Nathaniel T. Oaks (D) was convicted of corruption and sentenced to years. (2018)\nState Delegate Michael L. Vaughn (D) was convicted of bribery. (2017)\nState Delegate Will Campos (D) was convicted of bribery. (2015)\nState Delegate Tiffany T. Alston (D) was convicted of embezzlement. (2013)\nState Delegate Don H. Dwyer Jr. (R) was operating a motorboat when it collided with another vessel injuring five others. Dwyer pleaded guilty, but appealed his 30-day jail sentence. The sentence was ultimately upheld after another incident in which Dwyer was stopped and arrested for a DUI and received an additional 30-day sentence, for a total of 60 days. (2012)\n\nLocal \nPolice Commissioner of Baltimore Darryl De Sousa (D) convicted of tax crimes. (2019)\nAnne Arundel County Executive John R. Leopold (R) convicted of misconduct in office. (2013)\nPrince George's County Executive Jack B. Johnson (D) pleaded guilty to extortion and, witness and evidence tampering. He was sentenced to seven years and three months in Butner federal prison in North Carolina. He was also fined $100,000. (2011)\nPrince George's County Councillor Leslie Johnson (D), was sentenced to one year and one day in prison for political corruption. (2011)\nMayor of Baltimore Sheila Dixon (D) was convicted of fraudulent misappropriation and was sentenced to four years of probation. (2010)\n\nMassachusetts \nState Representative Carlos Henriquez (D) was convicted of two counts assault and battery charges and sentenced to 2½ years, with six months to be served in the Middlesex County House of Correction and Jail in Billerica, Massachusetts and the remaining two years to be spent on probation. (2014)\nState Representative Stephen Stat Smith (D) pleaded guilty to two misdemeanor counts of deprivation of rights under color of law for his role in a voter fraud scheme. (2012)\nSpeaker of the House Salvatore DiMasi (D) was found guilty of using his position to secure multimillion-dollar state contracts for Cognos, a business intelligence software company, in exchange for kickbacks. (2011)\nState Senator Anthony D. Galluccio (D) was given one year in prison after failing a sobriety test and violating his probation from a previous hit and run accident. (2010)\n\nLocal \nBoston Councillor Chuck Turner (G) was expelled from the Boston City Council on December 1, 2010, following his conviction on federal bribery charges. (2010)\n\nMichigan \nState Senator Bert Johnson (D) was convicted of fraud. (2018)\nState Representative Brian Banks (D) was convicted of fraud for filing false financial statements (2017)\nState Senator Virgil Smith, Jr. (D) was convicted of assault and was sentenced to 10 months in jail, five years of probation and not be allowed to hold public office. (2015)\nJustice of the Michigan Supreme Court Diane Hathaway (D) was sentenced to 366 days in prison for criminal mortgage fraud. (2013)\n\nLocal \nDetroit City Councillor Charles Pugh (D) was sentenced to 5 1/2 to 15 years for sex with a teenage boy under the age of 16. (2016)\nFlint City Councilman Eric Mays was sentenced to 28 days in jail for impaired driving. (2016)\nIngham County Prosecutor Stuart Dunnings III (D) convicted of misconduct. (2016)\nMayor of Detroit Kwame Kilpatrick (D) was sentenced to 18 months to 5 years in prison for violating his probation in 2010. In 2013 he was sentenced to 28 years in prison for federal charges including racketeering and extortion. (2013)\nDetroit City Councillor Monica Conyers (D) pleaded guilty to conspiring to commit bribery and served just over 27 months at the Alderson Federal Prison Camp in West Virginia. (2010)\n\nMississippi \nState Senator Chris Massey (R) was arrested for aggravated assault with a shovel for an argument with two maintenance workers. He was found guilty and given six months' probation. (2016)\nState Representative Greg Davis (R) was indicted on state charges of embezzlement, false pretense and making fraudulent statements. He was convicted and sentenced to serve 2½ years in state prison. (2012)\nJudge Bobby DeLaughter (D) pleaded guilty of one count of lying to the FBI and was sentenced to 18 months in prison. (2010)\n\nMissouri \nState Representative Steve Webb (D) convicted of theft. (2013)\nGovernor of Missouri Roger B. Wilson (D) was fined $2,000 by the Missouri Ethics Commission. In July he was sentenced to two years of probation on the money laundering charge. (2012)\nState Representative Ray Salva (D) convicted of fraud. (2011)\nState Representative Talibdin El-Amin (D) convicted of bribery. (2010)\nSpeaker of the Missouri House of Representatives Rod Jetton (R) was arrested for \"recklessly causing serious physical injury\" to an unnamed woman during sadomasochistic sex and pleaded guilty to misdemeanor assault. He was sentenced to probation and fined. (2010)\n\nLocal\nCounty Executive of St. Louis County Steve Stenger (D) convicted of bribery. (2019)\nCounty Executive of Jackson County, Missouri Mike Sanders (D) convicted of fraud. (2018)\n\nMontana \nState Senator Jason Priest (R) pleaded guilty to two counts of assault and resisting arrest. (2014)\nState Representative Tony Belcourt (D) was convicted of four federal corruption charges involving projects on the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation. He was sentenced to 7½ years in prison. (2014)\nState Representative Joel Boniek (R) was found guilty of \"quid pro quo corruption\" in taking $9,060 in contributions from the Western Tradition Partnership. (2010)\nState Representative Mike Miller (R) admitted to accepting \"unlawful corporate contributions\" from Western Tradition Partnership, was found guilty, was fined $4K and agreed not run for public office for four years. (2010)\nState Senator Scott Sales (R) from Bozeman, was accused of accepting unlawful contributions from Western Traditions Partnership. He pled guilty, was fined and forced to \"express regret\" in settling the accusations. (2010)\nState Senator Art Wittich (R) was found guilty of campaign violations by coordinating with and taking illegal corporate contributions from, the Western Tradition Partnership. (2014)\n\nNevada \nState Senator Kelvin Atkinson (D) convicted of fraud. (2019)\nState Assemblyman Steven Brooks (D) convicted of making threats to kill. (2013)\n\nNew Jersey \nDeputy Executive Director of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Bill Baroni (R) convicted over the Fort Lee lane closure controversy (2016)\nState Assemblyman Alberto Coutinho (D) convicted of theft and falsifying records. (2013)\nState Assemblyman Robert Schroeder (R) pled guilty to misconduct and theft (2012)\nState Assemblyman Neil M. Cohen (D) jailed for child pornography. (2010)\nState Assemblyman Anthony Chiappone (D) jailed for filing false campaign finance reports. (2010)\n\nLocal \nMayor of Atlantic City Frank Gilliam (D) was convicted of wire fraud (2019)\n Mayor of Trenton Tony F. Mack (D) was indicted for bribery, fraud, extortion and money laundering on February 7, 2014, he was convicted on all counts. (2014) He was sentenced to nearly five years in prison.\n Mayor of Hamilton John Bencivengo (R) was sentenced to 38 months in prison for corruption (2013)\nMayor of Perth Amboy Joseph Vas (D) and his longtime top mayoral aide, Melvin Ramos, were indicted by a federal grand jury for mail fraud, misapplication of funds, and making false statements to the Federal Election Commission. sentenced to six-and-a-half years for federal corruption. (2011)\n\nNew Hampshire \nState Representative Thomas Katsiantonis (D) convicted of tax evasion. (2018)\nState Representative Kyle Tasker (R) was charged with three drug offenses and one count of using a computer to lure a teen. The teen was actually a police officer working undercover. He was sentenced to 3–10 years. (2016)\nState Representative Albert 'Max' Abramson (R) was found guilty of one felony count of reckless conduct for shooting a firearm. He received a suspended jail sentence and was ordered to pay a fine and complete community service. (2012)\nState Representative Gary Wheaton (R) was arrested for a second offense of speeding and driving on a suspended license. He pled guilty to recklessly endangerment. (2011)\nState Representative James E. Ryan (D) stole checks from contributors that were intended for the Committee to Elect House Democrats. He pled guilty to felony charges of theft, forgery and issuing bad checks. (2009)\n\nNew Mexico \nState Senator Phil Griego (D) was convicted of corruption. (2017)\nSecretary of State Dianna Duran (R) was convicted of fraud. (2015)\n\nNew York \nState Senator George D. Maziarz (R) pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor for offering a false instrument for filing to avoid five felony counts and a trial for filing false campaign expenditure reports. (2018)\nState Senator Marc Panepinto (D) convicted of sexual harassment. (2018)\nState Assemblywoman Pamela Harris (D) pleaded guilty to two counts of wire fraud, one count of making false statements to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and one count of witness tampering. Sentenced to $10,000 restitution, six months in jail followed by three years of supervised release, 400 hours of community service, and restitution of $70,400. (2018)\nMajority Leader of the New York State Senate Dean Skelos (R) convicted of federal corruption. (2018)\nMinority Leader of the State Senate John L. Sampson (D) was convicted of obstructing justice and making false statement. (2015)\nSpeaker of the New York State Assembly Sheldon Silver (D) was convicted on federal corruption charges. (2015)\nMajority Leader of the State Senate Malcolm Smith (D) was found guilty in federal court of conspiracy, wire fraud, bribery and extortion for trying to bribe a Republican Party official to let him onto the Republican ballot in the 2013 New York City mayoral race. (2014)\nState Assemblywoman Gabriela Rosa (D) sentenced to a year in jail for entering into a sham marriage in order to gain U.S. citizenship. (2014)\nState Assemblyman William Boyland, Jr. (D) convicted of bribery (2014)\nState Assemblyman Eric Stevenson (D) found guilty of bribery, conspiracy and other related charges. (2014)\nState Assemblyman Nelson Castro (D) convicted of perjury (2013)\nState Senator Shirley Huntley (D) convicted of mail fraud. She was sentenced to one year and a day in prison. (2013)\nMajority Leader of the State Senate Pedro Espada Jr. (D) On May 14, 2012, a federal jury found Espada guilty of embezzling money from federally funded healthcare clinics, after 11 days of deliberation he was sentenced to five years in prison. (2012)\nState Senator Vincent Leibell (R) found guilty of felony bribery, tax evasion, and obstruction of justice charges related to $43,000 in cash kickbacks he took from 2003 to 2006. (2012)\nState Senator Nicholas Spano (R), Spano pleaded guilty to a single count of tax evasion. He was sentenced to 12 to 18 months in federal prison. (2012)\nNew York State Comptroller Alan Hevesi (D), was convicted on charges surrounding a \"pay to play\" scheme regarding the New York State Pension Fund, and was sentenced to 1–4 years. (2011)\nState Senator Carl Kruger (D) resigned his seat and pleaded guilty to charges of corruption and bribery. (2011)\nState Senator Efrain Gonzalez Jr. (D) was convicted of fraud and embezzling $400,000 from the West Bronx Neighborhood Association Inc. and was sentenced to seven years in federal prison (2010)\n\nLocal \nCounty Executive of Nassau County Ed Mangano (R) convicted of bribery and fraud. (2019)\nNew York City Council member Ruben Wills (D) convicted of fraud. (2017)\nNew York City Council member Dan Halloran (R) convicted of taking bribes and orchestrating payoffs. (2014)\nNew York City Council member Larry Seabrook (D) On February 9, 2010, a federal grand jury indicted Seabrook on 13 counts of money laundering, extortion, and fraud. Seabrook was convicted on nine charges. (2012)\nPresident of the New York City Council Andrew Stein (D) was convicted of tax evasion regarding a Ponzi scheme. (2010)\n\nNorth Carolina \nState Representative Rodney W. Moore (D) pleaded guilty to making false statements (2019)\nState Senator Fletcher L. Hartsell, Jr. (R) convicted of fraud for misusing campaign contributions and falsely labeling them as expenses. Sentenced to eight months. (2016)\nState Representative Deb McManus (D) resigned her State House seat and pleaded guilty to a tax charge. (2013)\nState Representative Stephen LaRoque (R) convicted on 12 counts including theft, money laundering and filing false tax returns. (2013)\nGovernor Mike Easley (D) was convicted of a federal campaign law felony. (2010)\n\nLocal \nMayor of Charlotte Patrick Cannon (D) charged with accepting bribes. (2014)\nMayor of High Point Bernita Sims (D) convicted of a worthless check charge. (2014)\n\nOhio \nState Representative Ron Gerberry (D) found guilty of charge of unlawful compensation of a public official. (2015)\nState Representative Steve Kraus (R) convicted of a fifth-degree felony. (2015)\nState Representative Peter Beck (R) convicted of perjury. (2015)\nState Representative Dale Mallory (D) found guilty to a first-degree misdemeanor count of filing a false disclosure form and a fourth-degree misdemeanor charge of improper gratuities and was sentenced to a total of $600 in fines and a year of probation. (2014)\nState Representative Sandra Williams (D) convicted of filing a false report. (2014)\nState Representative Clayton Luckie (D) convicted of corruption. (2013)\nState Representative W. Carlton Weddington (D) was convicted on bribery charges and sentenced to three years in prison. (2012)\n\nLocal \nCuyahoga County Common Pleas Judge Lance Mason (D) convicted of domestic abuse and assault. He was sentenced to two years in prison. (2015)\n\nOklahoma \nState Senator Ralph Shortey (R) convicted of child sex trafficking. (2018)\nState Representative Gus Blackwell (R) was accused of perjury and embezzlement for using both state funds and campaign funds to pay for the same trips. In a plea bargain he pled guilty and agreed to pay restitution. (2017)\nState Senator Bryce Marlatt (R) convicted of sexual battery and was sentenced to 90 days' probation, fined $500, plus court costs. (2017)\nState Senator Kyle Loveless (R) was sentenced to three years of probation and restitution after pleading guilty to embezzling campaign funds. (2017)\nState Representative Rick Brinkley (R) was convicted of fraud. (2015)\nState Senator Debbe Leftwich (D) was found guilty of bribery in connection with the 2010 Oklahoma political corruption investigation. (2013)\nState Representative Randy Terrill (R) was found guilty of bribery in connection with the 2010 Oklahoma political corruption investigation. Terrill was sentenced to one year in prison. (2013)\nPresident pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate Mike Morgan (D) was found guilty of accepting $12,000 in bribes (2012)\n\nPennsylvania \nState Representative Movita Johnson-Harrell (D) convicted of felony theft. (2019)\nState Representative Vanessa L. Brown (D) convicted of bribery. (2018)\nTreasurer of Pennsylvania Barbara Hafer (D) convicted of lying to the FBI. (2017)\nState Representative Marc Gergely (D) convicted of conspiracy. (2017)\nState Representative Leslie Acosta (D) convicted of embezzlement. (2016)\nAttorney General of Pennsylvania Kathleen Kane (D) was convicted of perjury. (2016)\nState Representative Louise Bishop (D) was convicted of corruption. (2016)\nState Representative Michelle Brownlee (D) was convicted of a conflict of interest. (2015)\nState Representative Harold James (D) was convicted of corruption. (2015)\nState Representative Ronald Waters (D) was convicted of bribery. (2015)\nTreasurer of Pennsylvania Rob McCord (D) pleaded guilty to two counts of extortion. (2015)\nState Senator LeAnna Washington (D) was convicted of conflict of interest. (2014)\nTurnpike Commission CEO Joe Brimmeier (D) pleaded guilty to felony conflict of interest charges. (2014)\nTurnpike Commission Chief Operating Officer George Hatalowich (D) pleaded guilty to felony conflict of interest charges. (2014)\nTurnpike Commission Chairman Mitchell Rubin (D) was sentenced to 24 months of probation for his plea to commercial bribery. (2014)\nState Representative Jose Miranda (D) was convicted of fraud. (2013)\nPennsylvania Supreme Court Justice Joan Orie Melvin (R) was convicted in February 2013, on six of seven corruption charges including theft of services, criminal conspiracy, and misappropriation of state property. (2013)\nState Senator and Republican Majority Whip Jane Orie (R) was convicted in March 2012, of 14 counts of forgery, conflict of interest and theft of services, which included five felonies. (2012)\nState Senator and Democratic Minority Floor Leader of the Pennsylvania Senate Bob Mellow (D) pleaded guilty to using Senate staffers for campaigns. (2012)\nState Representative Joseph F. Brennan (D) announced that he was withdrawing his reelection bid after allegations that he assaulted his wife and then drove drunk from the scene of the incident. He was later convicted on both the DUI and assault charges. (2012)\nSecretary of Revenue of Pennsylvania Stephen Stetler (D) convicted of using state resources. (2012)\nState Representative John M. Perzel (R), pleaded guilty to eight criminal charges, including two counts of conflict of interest, two counts of theft, and four counts of conspiracy, concerning a scheme to spend millions of taxpayer dollars on computer technology from Aristotle, Inc. for the benefit of Republican political campaigns. (2011)\nState Representative Brett Feese (R) sentenced to 4 to 12 years in state prison, an additional 2 years of probation, a $25,000 fine, and $1 million in restitution for his role in the Computergate state government corruption scandal. (2011)\n\nLocal \nSheriff of Philadelphia John Green (D) convicted of bribery. (2019)\nMayor of Allentown Ed Pawlowski (D) convicted of corruption. (2018)\nMayor of Reading Vaughn Spencer (D) convicted of corruption, bribery, wire fraud and conspiracy. (2018)\nUpland Borough City Councilman Edward M. Mitchell (R) convicted of bribery, conspiracy, theft by deception, and restricted activities. (2018)\nAssistant City Solicitor, Allentown Dale Wiles convicted of conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud. (2018)\nDistrict Attorney of Philadelphia R. Seth Williams (D) convicted of bribery. (2017)\nMayor of Harrisburg Steven R. Reed (D) pleaded guilty to theft of public funds. (2017)\nTax Collector, York County Melissa Ann Arnold convicted of theft of public funds. (2015)\nTax Collector, Delaware County, Robert Henry Park (R) pleaded guilty to theft. (2014)\nTax Collector, Berks County, Jodie Mae Keller pleaded guilty to two counts of theft. (2013)\nMayor of Chester, John H. Nacrelli convicted on federal bribery and racketeering charges. (1979)\n\nRhode Island \nState Senator James Doyle II (D) from the 8th district, was being investigated for a check kiting scheme to defraud three local banks of more than $74 million. He was charged and pled guilty to 31 counts of bank fraud and tax evasion. (2018)\nState Representative John Carnevale (D) convicted of perjury. (2018)\nState Representative Raymond Gallison (D) was convicted of fraud. (2017)\nState Representative Gordon Fox (D) and Speaker of the House, pleaded guilty to wire fraud, bribery and filing a false tax return. Fox used $108,000 from his campaign account for personal expenses, accepted a $52,000 bribe to push for the issuance of a liquor license for a Providence restaurant in his role as a member of the Board of Licenses, and failed to declare these illegal sources income on his tax returns. (2015)\nState Representative Joseph Almeida (D) was given a $1,000 fine and a year on probation for mis-using funds. (2015)\nState Senator Patrick McDonald (D) convicted of embezzlement. (2014)\nState Representative John McCauley Jr (D) convicted of tax evasion. (2013)\nState Representative Leo Medina (D) convicted of stealing life insurance. (2013)\nState Senator Christopher Maselli (D) convicted of bank fraud. (2010)\n\nSouth Carolina \nState Senator John E. Courson (R) was convicted of misconduct and illegal use of campaign funds. Courson had paid Richard Quinn & Associates $247,829 of campaign money over six years and got back $132,802 for personal use. (2017)\nState Representative James \"Jim\" Harrison (R) convicted of corruption. (2018)\nState Representative Rick Quinn (R) convicted of corruption. (2018)\nState Representative Jim Merrill (R) convicted of corruption. (2017)\nState Representative Chris Corley (R) pled guilty to first-degree domestic violence for beating his wife and threatening to kill her with a gun. (2017)\nSpeaker of the South Carolina House of Representatives Bobby Harrell (R) pleaded guilty to illegally using campaign funds for his own use. He was sentenced to a one-year prison term. (2014)\nState Representative Nelson Hardwick (R) pled guilty to assault and battery in the third degree for sexual harassment of a female employee. He was ordered to resign and fined. (2015)\nState Representative Thad Viers (R) convicted of money laundering, sentenced to three years in federal prison. (2015) Previously arrested in 2012 on charges of harassing a 28-year-old woman described as an ex-girlfriend. He subsequently withdrew his bid for GOP nomination to the US Congress from South Carolina's 7th congressional district, citing \"personal reasons\". He was sentenced in 2014 to 60 days in jail for second-degree harassment.\nState Secretary of the Department of Transportation, Robert St. Onge (R) arrested and convicted of having twice the legal limit of alcohol in his system. He was forced to resign due to the state's no tolerance laws. (2014)\nLieutenant Governor of South Carolina Ken Ard (R) resigned his position and pleaded guilty to seven counts of misuse of campaign funds. He was sentenced to five years' probation, fined $5,000 and required to work 300 hours of community service. (2011)\nState Representative Kris Crawford (R) from Florence County, was charged with seven counts of willfully failing to pay taxes and found guilty. (2010)\n\nTennessee \nState Representative Joe E. Armstrong (D) convicted of falsifying tax returns. (2016)\nState Representative Curry Todd (R) from Collierville, pled guilty to possessing a loaded gun while DUI. He was sentenced to 48 hours in jail, one year of probation, fined, given community service, alcohol training, alcohol car locking device and ordered to participate in MADD. (2011)\n\nLocal \n Mayor of Nashville Megan Barry (D) pleaded guilty to felony theft related to an affair she had with the police officer who ran her security detail. (2018)\nSheriff of Rutherford County Robert F. Arnold (R) pleaded guilty to wire fraud, honest services fraud, and extortion in a scheme to distribute cigarettes to jailed prisoners. (2016)\n\nTexas \nState Representative Carlos Uresti (D) convicted of fraud and money laundering. (2017)\nState Representative Ron Reynolds (D) was convicted of battery and was sentenced to one year in jail. (2015)\nState Representative Joe Driver (R) pleaded guilty to using tens of thousands of taxpayer dollars to reimburse himself for travel expenses that his campaign had already funded. (2011)\n\nLocal \nMayor of Dallas Dwaine Caraway (D) convicted of corruption (2019)\nCity Councillor of Dallas Carolyn Davis (D) was convicted of bribery. (2019)\nState District Judge Angus Kelly McGinty (R) was arrested because he solicited and accepted bribes in exchange for favorable rulings. He pleaded guilty to a charge of honest services fraud and was given a two-year prison sentence (2014)\n\nVermont \nState Senator Norman McAllister (R) pleaded guilty to a violation of a prohibited act of prostitution. He was sentenced to a work crew for 25 days and served nine to twelve months on probation. (2015)\n\nVirginia \nState Delegate Ron Villanueva (R) was convicted of fraud and sentenced to two and a half years in federal prison. (2019)\nState Delegate Phil Hamilton (R) sentenced to 9½ years in prison for federal bribery and extortion. (2010)\n\nWashington, D.C. \nDistrict of Columbia Councillor Michael Brown (D) was convicted of bribery and sentenced to 39 months. (2013)\nChairman of the Council of the District of Columbia Kwame R. Brown (D) was convicted of bank fraud. (2012)\nDistrict of Columbia Councillor Harry Thomas, Jr. (D) was convicted of felony counts of theft of government funds and falsifying tax returns. (2012)\n\nWashington \nAuditor of Washington Troy Kelley (D) was convicted of fraud. (2018)\n\nWisconsin \nState Representative Bill Kramer (R) was sentenced to five months in jail, after pleading no contest to two charges of sexual assault with three years' probation. (2014)\nState Representative Jeff Wood, (R), has pleaded no contest to fifth-offense OWI charge which is a felony. He has been sentenced to spend nine months in jail, with three years' probation. (2011)\n\nWest Virginia \nJustice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia Allen Loughry (R) pleaded guilty to fraud. (2019)\nJustice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia Menis Ketchum (D) pleaded guilty to wire fraud. (2018)\n\n2000–2009\n\nAlabama \nState Representative Suzanne L. Schmitz (D) was found guilty on 7 out of 8 counts of federal fraud charges. (2009)\nState Senator Edward McClain (D) was convicted on 48 counts of money laundering, mail fraud, bribery and conspiracy. (2009)\nGovernor of Alabama Don Siegelman (D) was found guilty of bribery, mail fraud and obstruction of justice on June 29, 2006, and sentenced to 88 months. (2006)\n\nLocal \nMayor of Birmingham Larry Langford (D) was sentenced on March 5, 2010, to 15 years in prison for conspiracy, bribery, fraud, money laundering, and filing false tax returns in connection with a long-running bribery scheme. (2010) He was also fined more than $119,000.\n\nAlaska \nAlaska political corruption probe in which VECO Corporation an oilfield service corporation, was investigated by the IRS, FBI and Department of Justice. Veco executives Bill Allen and VP Rick Smith pleaded guilty to federal charges of extortion, bribery, and conspiracy to impede the Internal Revenue Service. The charges involved bribing Alaska lawmakers who came to be known as the \"Corrupt Bastards Club\" to vote in favor of an oil tax law favored by VECO that was the subject of vigorous debate in 2006, and were part of a larger probe of political corruption in Alaska by federal authorities.\nState Representative Thomas Anderson (R), Found guilty of seven felony counts of extortion, bribery, conspiracy, and money laundering. Sentenced on October 15, 2007, to a term of 60 months in prison.\nState Representative Pete Kott (R), found guilty on three charges of bribery and sentenced to six years in prison and fined $10,000. (2007)\nState Representative Vic Kohring (R), convicted on November 1, 2007, of three counts of bribery by the Veco Corporation. In May 2008, he was sentenced to three-and-a-half years in prison.\nState Representative Bruce Weyhrauch (R), main charges dismissed by Supreme Court, given probation on state charges\nState Senator John Cowdery (R), pleaded guilty to lesser charges. (2009) Sentenced to six months' house arrest and a $25,000 fine.\nState Representative Beverly Masek (R), was sentenced to six months on September 23, 2009.\n\nArizona \nCorporation Commissioner Jim Irvin (R) was found guilty of trying to influence a corporate bidding war and fined $60K. (2003)\n\nCalifornia \nState Senator Tom Berryhill (R) was found guilty of money laundering by Judge Jonathan Lew and the California Fair Practices Commission of deliberately trying to conceal, deceive or mislead the transfer of $40,000 to the Republican Central Committee of Stanislaus County and the Republican Central Committee of San Joaquin County, which then passed it to the campaign of Bill Berryhill, his brother, thus circumventing California's contribution limits of $3,600 per donation. (2008)\n\nLocal \nSheriff of Orange County Mike Carona (R) convicted of witness tampering. (2008)\nMember of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors Ed Jew (D), was sentenced to 64 months in federal prison for extortion, and a year in county jail for perjury. (2008)\nMember of San Diego City Council Ralph Inzunza (D) was convicted of corruption. (2005)\n\nConnecticut \nGovernor of Connecticut John G. Rowland (R) was convicted of one-count of deprevation of honest services. (2004) He served ten months in a federal prison followed by four months' house arrest, ending in June 2006.\nState Treasurer of Connecticut Paul J. Silvester (R) was convicted of fraud. (2004)\n\nLocal \nMayor of Bridgeport Joseph Ganim (D), was convicted of leveraging his position to receive kickbacks from city contractors for more than $500,000 in cash, meals, clothing, wine and home renovations. (2003)\nMayor of Waterbury Philip Giordano (R) While investigating municipal corruption, the FBI discovered phone records and pictures of Giordano with a prostitute, as well as with her 10-year-old niece and her eight-year-old daughter. He was arrested on July 26, 2001, and, in March 2003, was convicted of 14 counts of using an interstate device, his cellphone, to arrange sexual contact with children. He was also convicted of violating the girls' civil rights. He was sentenced to 37 years in prison.\n\nFlorida \nState Representative Bob Allen (R) was convicted of soliciting a sex act from an undercover police officer. (2007)\nState Senator Alberto Gutman (R), was convicted of corruption in a Medicare fraud scheme. Gutman, his wife and 23 others were sentenced to five years in federal prison, three years' probation and fined $50,000. (2000)\n\nLocal \nSheriff of Broward County Ken Jenne (D) convicted of fraud. (2007)\nMayor of Orlando Ernest Page (D) was convicted of bribery and official misconduct during a temporary stint as mayor. He was subsequently sentenced to 42 months in prison. (2006)\n\nGeorgia \nState Senator Walter Ronnie Sailor Jr. (D) pled guilty to laundering money (2007)\nState Senator Charles Walker (D) convicted of charges including tax evasion, mail fraud and conspiracy (127 counts, in all). He was sentenced to 10 years. (2005)\nSchools Superintendent Linda Schrenko (R) sentenced to eight years in prison for embezzlement of federal education funds. (2004)\nState Representative Robin L. Williams (R) was convicted of campaign fraud. (2004)\n\nLocal\nMayor of Atlanta Bill Campbell (D) convicted of tax evasion. (2006)\n\nHawaii \nState Representative Galen Fox (R) was convicted of sexual misconduct when he improperly touched a woman flying next to him. (2006)\nState Representative Nathan Suzuki (D) was found guilty of tax fraud. (2004)\nState Senator Marshall Ige (D) convicted of corruption. (2002)\n\nIllinois \nGovernor of Illinois Rod Blagojevich (D) was charged with conspiracy to commit mail, wire fraud and solicitation of bribery. He was impeached and removed from office by 59–0 votes of the Illinois Senate. On August 17, 2010, he was convicted on just one of 24 federal charges. In a retrial in 2011, he was found guilty on 17 other counts and sentenced to 14 years in prison. (2011)\nGovernor of Illinois George H. Ryan (R) was convicted of 18 counts of corruption and sentenced to six years and six months. (2006)\nState Representative Patricia Bailey (D) was convicted of perjury and fraud. (2005)\n\nLocal \nAlderman of Chicago Arenda Troutman (D) was convicted of bribery. (2005)\nAlderman of Chicago Edward Vrdolyak (D) was convicted of fraud. (2008)\nCity Clerk of Chicago James Laski (D) was convicted of fraud. (2006)\nMayor of Cicero, Betty Loren-Maltese (R) was convicted of an insurance fraud. She was sentenced to eight years in prison (2002)\n\nIndiana \nState Representative Dennie Oxley (D) convicted of impersonating a public servant. (2009)\n\nLocal \nCity Clerk of Gary Katie Hall (D) pleaded guilty to mail fraud. (2003)\n\nKansas \nState Representative Phil Hermanson (R) while being investigated, Hermanson pled guilty to a charge of driving under the influence of prescription drugs. (2009)\n\nLouisiana \nState Senator Derrick Shepherd (D), sentenced to 37 months for corruption. (2008)\nGovernor of Louisiana Edwin Edwards (D) convicted of extortion, mail fraud and money laundering. (2000)\nInsurance Commissioner James H. \"Jim\" Brown (D) convicted of lying to FBI investigators. (2000)\n\nMassachusetts \nState Senator J. James Marzilli, Jr. (D) pleaded guilty to all charges against him, including resisting arrest and disorderly conduct and was sentenced to three months in prison. (2008)\nState Senator Dianne Wilkerson (D) was video taped by the FBI stuffing bribe money into her bra. Wilkerson pleaded guilty to eight counts of attempted extortion. (2008)\nSpeaker of the House Thomas Finneran (D) pleaded guilty to one count of obstruction of justice and received 18 months' probation. (2004)\n\nMaryland \nState Senator Thomas L. Bromwell (D) was sentenced to seven years in prison for racketeering, corruption and fraud to benefit construction company Poole and Kent. (2007)\nState Delegate Robert A. McKee (R) pleaded guilty to possession of child pornography and was sentenced to a 37-month term. (2006)\n\nMichigan \n State Representative Kevin Green (R) pleaded guilty to driving while impaired by alcohol. (2008)\n\nMissouri \nState Senator Jeff Smith (D) convicted of two counts of obstruction of justice. He was sentenced to one year and a day of prison and was fined $50,000. (2009)\nState Representative Nathan Cooper (R) convicted on two felony counts of immigration fraud. (2007)\n\nNebraska \nState Treasurer Lorelee Byrd (R) pleaded guilty to one misdemeanor charge of misconduct. (2003)\nState Senator Ray Mossey (R) was found guilty and pled no contest to prescription drug charges and was sentenced to two years' probation. He was also sentenced to one year's probation for drunken driving when Mossey's blood-alcohol level tested at twice the legal limit. In addition, he was fined $14,000 for using campaign finance funds to pay an online dating service and a tattoo parlor. (2005)\nRegent David Hergert (R) of the University of Nebraska was arrested soon after his election for violating campaign finance laws. He pled guilty to false reporting and obstruction and was sentenced to five years' probation and fined $654,000 (2005)\n\nNevada \nState Controller Kathy Augustine (R) was impeached and convicted of using state personnel and property for her re-election campaign, but not removed from office. She was fined $15,000. (2004)\nState Representative Brent Parker (R) pleaded guilty to soliciting sex from a male undercover police officer. He was ordered to attend a 10-week therapy class or face up to 180 days in jail. (2003)\n\nLocal \nOperation G-Sting or Strippergate was an FBI probe into bribes taken by County Commissioners in Clark County, Nevada and City Council members in San Diego, California. It was the result of strip club owners Rick Rizzolo and Mike Galardi trying to remove a \"no touch\" law affecting the girls in their clubs. The investigation resulted in the convictions of 17 defendants including:\nClark county Commissioner Lynette Boggs McDonald (R) pled no contest to filing a false statement and campaign funding irregularities (2009)\nClark County Commissioner Mary Kincaid-Chauncey (D) was sentenced to 30 months in federal prison, fined $7,600 and ordered to forfeit $19,000 in assets (2006)\nClark County Commissioner Dario Herrera (D) was sentenced to 50 months in federal prison, fined $15,000 and ordered to forfeit $60,000 in assets (2006)\nClark County Commissioner Erin Kenny (D) was sentenced to 2½ years in prison (2006)\nClark County Commissioner Lance Matthew Malone (R) pleaded guilty to violating federal racketeering laws for bribing commissioners(2006)\n\nNew Jersey \nNew Jersey Operation Bid Rig: An FBI sting operation indicted 44 New Jersey officials and several Rabbis, mainly for bribery, counterfeiting of intellectual property, money laundering, organ harvesting, and political corruption. Arrested were:\nAssemblyman Daniel M. Van Pelt (R) Resigned after indictment for bribery.\nState Senator Wayne R. Bryant (D) was convicted of bribery. (2007)\nState Senator Joseph Coniglio (D) indicted for abusing state grants, mail fraud and extortion. (2008)\nState Senator Sharpe James (D) On April 16, 2008, James was convicted of five counts of fraud by a federal jury. On July 29, 2008, he was sentenced by Judge William J. Martini to 27 months in prison.\nState Senator John A. Lynch, Jr. (D) convicted of mail fraud and tax evasion. (2006)\nAssemblyman Anthony Impreveduto (D) convicted of corruption. (2004)\n\nLocal \nNew Jersey Operation Bid Rig:\nMayor of Hoboken Peter Cammarano (D) was convicted of corruption. (2009)\nMayor of Secaucus Dennis Elwell (D) was convicted of corruption. (2009)\nCommissioner and Chairwoman of the Jersey City Housing Authority Lori Serrano (D) was convicted of corruption. (2009)\nMayor of Passaic Samuel Rivera (D) convicted of bribery. (2008) Rivera was sentenced to 21 months in prison.\nCounty Executive of Hudson County Robert C. Janiszewski (D) was convicted of bribery. (2005)\nChief Executive of Essex County James W. Treffinger (R) was convicted of corruption and fraud and ordered to pay $30,000 in restitution and serve 13 months in jail. (2003)\nMayor of Camden Milton Milan (D) was convicted of corruption. (2000)\nMayor of Marlboro Matthew Scannapieco (R) pled guilty to tax evasion and corruption involving $245K in bribes paid by a real estate developer (2005)\n\nNew Mexico \nState Treasurer Robert Virgil (D) was found guilty of corruption and sentenced to 37 months in prison and fined $97,000. (2007)\nState Treasurer Michael Montoya (D) was found guilty of corruption and sentenced to 40 months in prison and a $40,000 fine. (2007)\n\nNew York \n State Health Commissioner Antonia Novello (R) pled guilty to misuse of staff by spending $48,000 of public money making them carry out her personal chores, such as taking her shopping and picking up her dry cleaning. She was convicted and ordered to perform 250 hours of community service, pay $22,500 in restitution plus a $5,000 fine. (2009)\nState Senator Kevin Parker (D) was charged with felony assaulting and menacing and two misdemeanor counts of criminal mischief for attacking a New York Post photographer. He was found guilty and served three years' probation for the misdemeanors but was acquitted of the felony charge. (2009)\nState Assemblyman Anthony Seminerio (D) pleaded guilty to taking large sums of money from hospitals through a consulting firm while still a member of the New York State Assembly. His appeal was never heard but his conviction was abated due to death. (2009)\nSupreme Court Justice Thomas J. Spargo (R), was convicted by a federal jury of attempted extortion and attempted soliciting of a bribe for pressuring a lawyer to give $10,000 to his defense fund. (2009)\nState Senator Efrain Gonzalez (D) was sentenced to 84 months (7 years) in prison, followed by two years' supervised release, following pleading guilty to two conspiracy counts and two wire fraud counts. (2009)\nState Assemblyman Brian McLaughlin (D) was arrested in 2008 and sentenced to ten years in prison for racketeering. (2009)\nState Senator Hiram Monserrate (D), convicted of one count of misdemeanor assault, and acquitted of two counts of felony assault and one other count of misdemeanor assault. (2009)\nState Senator Diane Gordon (D) was convicted of receiving bribes. (2008)\nState Assemblyman Chris Ortloff (R) while serving on the State Parole Board, pleaded guilty to a felony charge of online enticement of minors. He was sentenced to 150 months in federal prison (2008)\nSupreme Court Justice Gerald Garson (D) was sentenced to 3.5 to 10 years in prison for accepting expensive gifts in exchange for fixing divorce cases. (2005)\nState Assemblyman Clarence Norman Jr. (D) was sentenced to nine years in jail for falsifying records. (2005)\nState Assemblywoman Gloria Davis (D) was sentenced to 90 days in jail and five years' probation for bribery. (2003)\nState Senator Guy Velella (R) was indicted for bribery and conspiracy for accepting at least $137,000 in exchange for steering public-works contracts to the paying parties. He ultimately pleaded guilty to one count and received a year in jail. He served 182 days. (2002)\n\nLocal \nNew York City Councillor Miguel Martinez (D) pleaded guilty to three counts of conspiracy two days later. He admitted to stealing $106,000 that was for children's art programs and low-income housing. He was convicted on three felonies, and was sentenced to five years in prison. (2009)\nNY City Councilman Dennis P. Gallagher (R) resigned from office and pleaded guilty to sexually abusing a woman in his district office while he was intoxicated. (2007)\n\nNorth Carolina \nState Representative James B. Black (D) pleaded guilty to a federal charge of public corruption and was sentenced to five years in prison. (2007)\nState Representative Paul Miller (D), was sentenced to a year's probation and fined $1,000 for fraud. (2006)\nCommissioner of Agriculture Meg Scott Phipps (D) pleaded guilty to campaign finance charges and served three years in prison. (2003)\nState Representative Michael P. Decker (R) pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit extortion, honest services mail fraud, and money laundering. Decker, a Republican, solicited Democrats and agreed to accept $50,000 and other gifts in return for switching parties. (2002)\nState Representative Thomas Wright (R), was found guilty of three counts of felony fraud. He was sentenced to 6 to 8 years(2007)\n\nLocal \nCabarrus County Commissioner Coy C. Privette, (R) pled guilty to aiding and abetting prostitution. (2007)\n\nNorthern Marianas Islands \nLieutenant Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands Timothy Villagomez (CP) was sentenced to 87 months in federal prison for misuse of government funds. (2009)\nNorthern Marianas Islands Commerce Secretary James A. Santos (R) was sentenced to 87 months in prison for misuse of government funds. (2009)\n\nOklahoma \nState Auditor and Inspector Jeff McMahan (D) convicted of accepting bribes. (2008)\nInsurance Commissioner Carroll Fisher (D) convicted for corruption and sentenced to 14 months. (2006)\nState Senator Gene Stipe (D) pleaded guilty to federal charges of perjury, conspiracy to obstruct a Federal Election Commission investigation, and conspiracy to violate the Federal Election Campaign Act. (2003)\n\nOhio \nGovernor of Ohio Bob Taft (R) pleads no contest and is convicted on four misdemeanor ethics violations. He was fined $4,000 and ordered to apologize to the people of Ohio. (2005)\n\nOregon \nState Representative Dan Doyle (R) resigned from office and was sentenced to 15 months in jail for finance violations. (2005)\nState Senator John Mabrey (R) was convicted of insurance fraud. (2002)\n\nPennsylvania \nState Senator Vince Fumo (D) was found guilty of 139 counts of mail fraud, wire fraud, conspiracy, obstruction of justice and filing a false tax return. Two staffers were also arrested and indicted on charges of destroying electronic evidence, including e-mail related to the investigation. (2009)\nSecretary of Revenue of Pennsylvania Stephen Stetler (D) sentenced to 1½–5 years in prison, fined $35,000, order to pay $466,621 restitution for multiple corruption convictions. (2009)\nState Representative Milton Street (D) convicted of tax evasion and was sentenced to serve 30 months in prison. (2008) Street appealed, but his conviction was affirmed by the Third Circuit Court of Appeals.\nState Representative Linda Bebko-Jones (D) and her chief-of-staff were charged with forging some of the signatures on their nominating petitions. They were both sentenced to 12 months' probation and fined $1,500 with community service. (2007)\nState Representative & Democratic Whip of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives Mike Veon (D), convicted of misusing state funds and sentenced to 6–14 years in jail. (2007)\nState Representative and Democratic Leader of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives Bill DeWeese (D) found guilty of five of the six felony counts with which he was charged and sentenced to 30–60 months. (2007)\nState Representative Jeffrey Habay (R) was convicted of 21 counts of harassment, solicitation for perjury and intimidation. (2007)\nState Representative Frank LaGrotta (D) pleaded guilty to two counts of corruption for giving away $26,000 of state funds in the 2006 Pennsylvania General Assembly bonus controversy. Sentenced to six months' house arrest, probation, and fines. (2007)\nState Representative Thomas W. Druce (R) was convicted in 2000 of a 1999 hit and run that killed a man. (2000)\nState Representative R. Tracy Seyfert (R) pleaded guilty to Theft of Federal Property by acquiring a $160,000 dollar, 10 ton generator for her own use if the power grid had failed on the Millennium. She was sentenced to five years in federal prison and assessed a $5,000 fine. (2001)\nState Senator Bill Slocum (R) pleaded guilty to six criminal misdemeanor charges for filing false reports to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and discharging 3.5 million gallons of raw sewage into Brokenstraw Creek while he was a sewage plant manager in Youngsville, Pennsylvania. (2000)\nState Representative Frank Gigliotti (D) was convicted and sentenced in 2000 to 46 months' incarceration for extortion, mail fraud, and filing a false income tax return. (2000)\nState Representative Jeffrey Habay (R) was found guilty on December 12, 2005, of conflict of interest. he resigned and was sentenced to 6 to 12 months of prison followed by four years of probation.\nState Senator F. Joseph Loeper (R) pleaded guilty in federal court of falsifying tax-related documents to conceal more than $330,000 in income he received from a private consulting firm while serving in the Senate. He resigned his senate seat on December 31, 2000, and was later released from federal prison at Fort Dix, New Jersey, after serving six months. (2000)\n\nLocal \nPresident Judge of the Luzerne County Court of Common Pleas Mark Ciavarella (D) sentenced to 28 years in federal prison for his involvement in the kids for cash scandal. (2009)\nSenior Judge Michael Conahan (D) sentenced to 17½ years in federal prison for his involvement in the Kids for cash scandal. (2009)\n\nPuerto Rico \nSpeaker of the House Edison Misla Aldarondo (R) was convicted of extortion, money laundering and witness tampering and sentenced to 71 months in prison. See sex scandals. (2007)\nJose Omar Cruz-Mercado was the Associate Secretary of the Puerto Rico Department of Education when he aided an extortion and kickback scheme that involved fraudulent payments of more than $4.3 million in cash and property from PRDE contractors.\nDeputy Secretary of State Angel Ocasio Ramos received 18 months in prison for making illegal payments to Rangel in exchange for government contracts.\nPuerto Rico Senator Freddy Valentin, Puerto Rican was sentenced to 33 months in prison for money laundering and extortion in a corruption case involving public-housing contracts in the U.S. territory, a former pro-statehood senator, pleaded guilty in March to the two charges. (2002)\n\nRhode Island \nState Representative and House Majority Leader Gerard M. Martineau (D) was given 37 months in prison for influence peddling in Operation Dollar Bill. (2008)\nState Senator John A. Celona (D) was found guilty of accepting $320,000 in bribes from the Roger Williams Medical Center and Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Rhode Island. He was sentenced to 30 months in prison. (2007)\nState Representative Thomas W. Pearlman (R) was charged with fee-gouging and providing incompetent counsel. He was found guilty of misconduct, suspended and ordered to pay restitution. (2004)\n\nLocal \nMayor of Providence Buddy Cianci (R). His first administration ended in 1984 when he pleaded guilty to assault. His second stint as mayor ended when he was forced to resign following his conviction for racketeering conspiracy named Operation Plunder Dome served four years in federal prison.\n\nSouth Carolina \nState Treasurer Thomas Ravenel (R) convicted on cocaine charges. (2007)\nState Senator Charles Tyrone \"Ty\" Courtney (R) was convicted of bank fraud, mail fraud and making false statements on a loan application. (2000)\nAgriculture Commissioner Charles Sharpe (R) was found guilty of charges of extortion, money laundering and lying to federal investigators, stemming from an illegal cockfighting ring. He served two years in prison. (2004)\n\nSouth Dakota \nState Representative Ted Klaudt (R) was found guilty on all four counts of second-degree rape as well as witness tampering. He was sentenced to 54 years in prison. (2008)\n\nTennessee \nOperation Tennessee Waltz: an FBI sting operation between 2003 and 2007 in which a number of state and local representatives were arrested including;\nState Senator John Ford (D) Sentenced to 66 months for bribery.\nState Senator Kathryn Bowers (D) pleaded guilty to one count of bribery.\nState Senator Ward Crutchfield (D) pleaded guilty to one count of bribery.\nState Senator Roscoe Dixon (D) pleaded guilty to bribery\nState Representative J. Chris Newton (R) pleaded guilty to bribery.\nState Representative Ronald 'Ronnie' Davis (R) pled guilty to four felony charges of conspiring to sell fake passports and to supplying drugs to his girlfriend (2002)\n\nLocal \nTax Assessor of Putnam County Byron Looper (R), was convicted of the murder of State Senator Tommy Burks (D). (2000)\n Juvenile Court Judge, Darrell Catron (R) was found guilty of corruption and sentenced to 18 months' probation. (2007)\n\nUtah \nState Representative Brent Parker (R) pleaded guilty to soliciting sex from a male undercover police officer. (2003)\n Judge of the 3rd State District Ray M. Harding Jr. (R) was found guilty of possession of cocaine and heroin and sentenced to 120 days in jail, 2 years' probation, community service and fined. (2002)\n\nVirginia \nState Secretary of Finance John Forbes (R) was sentenced to 10 years in prison after he admitted embezzling $4 million in tobacco-region economic development money. He was sentenced to 120 months in prison (2009)\nState Delegate Fenton Bland (D) pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit bank fraud; sentenced to 57 months in prison and ordered to pay $1.2 million in restitution (2005)\nState Republican Party Director Edmund Matricardi III (R) pled guilty to one count of interception of a wire communication by illegally eavesdropping on a protected Democratic phone call. During sentencing Matricardi was forced to resign, spend three years on probation and fined $10,000. (2003)\n\nWest Virginia \nState Representative Lisa D. Smith (R) pleaded guilty to one count of mail fraud and one count of mail fraud. She was sentenced to two years in prison, three years of probation and fined $1,000,000.\n\nWisconsin \nState Assemblyman Scott Jensen (R) convicted of misuse of public workers. (2006)\nState Assemblyman Steven Foti (R) convicted of ethics violations. (2006)\nState Senator Gary George (D) was convicted of fraud. (2004)\nState Assemblywoman Bonnie Ladwig (R) convicted of ethics violations. (2004)\nState Senator Brian Burke (D) was sentenced to six months in county jail for misconduct in office and obstructing an officer for using state workers for his campaign. (2003)\nState Senator Charles Chvala (D) sentenced to serve nine months in prison for campaign violations including coordination violations. (2002)\n\nLocal \nMember of the Milwaukee Common Council Michael McGee, Jr. (D) was convicted of corruption. (2008)\n\n1990–1999\n\nAlabama \nGovernor of Alabama H. Guy Hunt (R) was convicted of improperly using campaign money and was sentenced to five years' probation and fined $211,000. (1993)\n\nAlaska \nState Senator George Jacko (D) was found guilty of sexual harassment of a 17-year-old page (1993)\n\nArizona \nState Representative Sue Laybe (D) was found guilty of bribery and given six months during the AZSCAM investigation (1990)\nState Representative Donald Kenney (R), was convicted in the AZSCAM investigation for taking a bribe of $55,000 in a gym bag and was sentenced to five years in prison. (1990)\nState Representative James Hartdegen (R), pleaded guilty to violating three campaign laws and was forced to resign as part of the AZSCAM investigation. (1990)\nState Representative James Meredith (R), was found guilty of making false campaign contributions during the AZSCAM investigation (1990)\nState Representative Bobby Raymond (D), investigated in the AZSCAM investigation, stated his favorite line was, \"What's in it for me?\" Found guilty of conspiracy and bribery and sentenced to two years in prison, with seven years of probation (1990)\n State Senator Jesus Chuy Higuera (D), guilty of taking a $4,000 bribe and demanding a shrimp and fax concession in all future casinos. Sentenced to two months in prison and four years' probation (1990)\n\nArkansas \nGovernor of Arkansas Jim Guy Tucker. (D) As part of the Whitewater investigation run by Kenneth Starr, Tucker was convicted of fraud and conspiracy and sentenced to four years' probation. (1996)\nSecretary of State Bill McCuen (D) pleaded guilty to bribery, kickbacks, tax evasion and trading in public office. He was sentenced to 17 years in prison and fined (1996)\n State Senator Carolyn Walker (D) was convicted of accepting payoffs for pledging to support gambling legislation as part of the AZSCAM Investigation. Sentenced to four years in prison (1991)\n\nCalifornia \nState Representative Brian Setencich (R) was convicted of tax evasion connected to his 1996 re-election campaign. (2000)\n The FBI's Bribery and Special Interest sting operation (BRISPEC, or \"Shrimpscam\") targeted corruption in the California legislature. Five convictions were obtained.\nState Senator Alan Robbins (D) resigned on November 21, 1991, in advance of pleading guilty to federal racketeering charges in connection with insurance-industry bribes.\nState Senator Joseph Montoya (D) was convicted in April 1990 of rackeetering, extortion and money laundering and was sentenced to 6½ years in prison.\nState Senator Frank Hill (R) and his aid were found guilty of corruption and money laundering and sentenced to 46 months in prison. (1994)\nCalifornia Board of Equalization member Paul B. Carpenter (D) was found guilty of 11 counts of obstruction of justice and money laundering. (1993)\nState Assemblyman Pat Nolan (R) served 29 months for bribery in the FBI's BRISPEC sting operation.\n\nLocal \nTreasurer-Tax Collector of Orange County, California Robert Citron (D) convicted of fraud. (1995)\n\nConnecticut \nState Treasurer Paul J. Silvester (R) was sentenced to 21 months in prison for racketeering and money laundering. (1999)\n\nLocal \nMayor of Waterbury Joseph J. Santopietro (R) was found guilty of taking a $25,000 payoff in return for $1 million in city pension funds. (1991)\n\nFlorida\nSpeaker of the Florida House of Representatives Bolley Johnson (D) was convicted of tax evasion. (1999)\nState Representative Marvin Couch (R) was arrested in Orlando for soliciting sex and pled guilty to unnatural or lascivious acts and exposure of his sexual organs. (1996)\n\nLocal \nMayor of Miami Beach Alex Daoud (D) convicted of bribery. (1991)\n\nGeorgia \nState Senator Ralph David Abernathy III (D) convicted of fraud. (1997)\n\nGuam \nGovernor of Guam Ricardo Bordallo (D) was convicted on ten counts of corruption and was sentenced to nine years in prison and fined more than $100,000, but committed suicide the day before he was scheduled to begin serving his prison sentence (1990)\n\nIllinois \nState Senator Bruce A. Farley (D) sentenced to 18 months in prison for mail fraud (1999)\nState Senator John A. D'Arco, Jr. (D) served about three years in prison for bribery and extortion (1995)\nState Representative James DeLeo (D) caught in the \"Operation Greylord\" investigation of corruption in Cook County. He was indicted by a federal grand jury for taking bribes and negotiated guilty plea on a misdemeanor tax offense, and was placed on probation (1992)\nState Representative Joe Kotlarz (D) convicted and sentenced to jail for theft and conspiracy for pocketing in about $200,000 for a sale of state land to a company he once served as legal counsel (1997)\nState Treasurer Jerome Cosentino (D) was convicted of bank fraud and sentenced to nine months' home confinement. (1991)\n\nLocal\nMayor of Markham, Illinois, Roger Agpawa (D) was convicted of mail fraud (1999)\nAlderman of Chicago Percy Giles (D) convicted of bribery. (1999)\nAlderman of Chicago Virgil Jones (D) convicted of bribery. (1998)\nAlderman of Chicago Lawrence Bloom (D) convicted of fraud. (1998)\nAlderman of Chicago John Madryzk (D) convicted of fraud. (1998)\nAlderman of Chicago Jesse Evans (D) convicted of racketeering. (1997)\nAlderman of Chicago Joseph Martinez (D) convicted of fraud. (1997)\nAlderman of Chicago Alan Streeter (D) convicted of bribery. (1996)\nAlderman of Chicago Ambrosio Medrano (D) convicted of bribery. (1996)\nAlderman of Chicago Fred Roti (D) convicted of bribery. (1996)\nMayor of Chicago Heights Charles Panici (R) guilty of racketeering, bribery and extortion. Sentenced to 10 years. (1992)\n\nHawaii \nState Representative Daniel J. Kihano (D) was sentenced to one year for one count of mail fraud. (1992)\n\nKentucky \nFBI Operation Boptrot was an investigation into bribery and the horse racing industry. Approximately 10% of Kentucky's legislature, both the house and senate, was implicated in this scandal, some taking bribes for as little as $100. (1992) Legislators convicted as a result of Operation Boptrot included:\nHouse Speaker Don Blandford (D) pleaded guilty after 1992 indictment on charges of extortion, racketeering and lying. He was sentenced to 64 months in prison and was fined $10,000.\nState Representative Jerry Bronger (D) was indicted in 1992 and later pleaded guilty to charges that he accepted $2,000 in exchange for blocking legislation that would hurt harness race tracks. He was sentenced to 10 months in prison.\nState Representative Clay Crupper (D) pleaded guilty after 1992 indictment and was fined $10,000 on charges of interstate travel in aide of racketeering.\nState Senator Helen Garrett (D) was charged in 1992 with taking a $2,000 bribe from a track in exchange for helping pass legislation. She pleaded guilty and received four years' probation.\nState Senator John Hall (D) pleaded guilty to conspiracy and other charges stemming from 1992 indictment in Operation BopTrot.\nState Representative Ronny Layman (R) was indicted in 1992 on charges of conspiracy to commit extortion and making false statements to the FBI. He pleaded guilty and was sentenced to three months of home detention and community service.\nState Senator David LeMaster (D) was indicted in 1993, and acquitted of extortion and racketeering, but convicted of lying. He was sentenced to a year in prison and fined $30,000, but served just one day after resigning from the legislature.\nState Representative Bill McBee (D) was sentenced to a 15-month prison term for his role in Operation BopTrot.\nState Senator Virgil Pearman (D) pleaded guilty after 1993 indictment charging that he took an illegal $3,000 campaign contribution. He was sentenced to three months in a halfway house, probation and was fined $5,000.\nState Senator John Rogers (R), then the Minority Leader in the Kentucky Senate, was sentenced in 1994 to 42 months in prison after conviction on charges of extortion, conspiracy, attempted extortion, mail fraud and lying to the FBI.\nState Senator Art Schmidt (R) pleaded guilty to a 1993 indictment for withholding the fact that he took a $20 cash payment from another senator tied to Operation BopTrot. He was sentenced to probation and fined $2,500.\nState Senator Landon Sexton (R) pleaded guilty after 1994 indictment charging that he took an illegal $5,000 cash campaign contribution. He was sentenced to 15 consecutive weekends in jail, home detention for two months and probation for two years. In addition he was fined $5,000.\nState Representative Bill Strong (D) pleaded guilty after 1993 indictment charges that he took an illegal $3,000 campaign contribution and did not deposit the money into his campaign fund. He was sentenced to three months in a halfway house, probation and was fined $3,000.\nState Representative Richard Turner (R) pleaded guilty to a 1993 charge that he filed a false campaign finance report. Charges that he took an illegal $3,000 cash campaign contribution were dropped.\nState Senator Patti Weaver (D) pleaded guilty after 1993 indictment charging that she was promised help finding a job in exchange for support of legislation. She was sentenced to weekend incarceration, probation and community service and was fined $10,000.\n\nLouisiana \nState Senator Melvin Irvin (D) convicted of bribery. (1991)\nInsurance Commissioner Doug Green (D) convicted of fraud and money laundering. (1991)\n\nMassachusetts \nState Representative Charles Flaherty (D) pleaded guilty to felony tax evasion for submitting false receipts regarding his business expenses and to violations of the state conflict of interests law. (1996)\n\nLocal \nMiddlesex County Sheriff John P. McGonigle (D) was convicted of tax evasion and pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit racketeering for demanding kickbacks from two of his deputies. (1994)\nEssex County Sheriff Charles Reardon (D) pleaded guilty to taking kickbacks from process servers. (1996)\n\nMinnesota \nState Representative Robert Johnson (R) was convicted of three drunk driving arrests in a seven-week period. He was sentenced to a year in prison. (1995)\nState Representative Randy Staten (DFL) pled guilty to writing bad checks and was given a suspended sentence of 90 days, then probation. (1986)\nState Senator Harold Finn (DFL) was found guilty of stealing $1KK from the Leech Lake Band of Chippewa. Sentenced to five years. (1995)\n\nMissouri \nSecretary of State Judith Moriarty (D) was impeached for misconduct involving back-dating of her son's election paperwork to hide a missed filing deadline, and convicted by the state supreme court.\nSpeaker of the Missouri House of Representatives Bob F. Griffin (D), Griffin pleaded guilty on the second day of the second trial, to two counts of bribery and mail fraud in conjunction with the original highway scheme. He was sentenced to 48 months in prison, a $7,500 fine, and a $100 special penalty assessment. (1995)\nMissouri Attorney General William L. Webster (R) pleaded guilty to embezzlement charges and was sentenced to two years in prison. (1993)\n\nNebraska \nState Treasurer Frank Marsh (R) was convicted of misdemeanor charges for making personal, long-distance telephone calls. (1991)\n\nNew York \nChief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals Sol Wachtler (R), was investigated for extortion and harassment. He pleaded guilty to one charge of threatening to kidnap a teenage girl and served 15 months. (1993)\nState Senator Andrew Jenkins (D) was convicted of illegal banking, sentenced to one year and one day. (1990)\n\nNorth Carolina \nLieutenant Governor of North Carolina James C. Green (D), was convicted of income tax fraud and was sentenced to 33 months of house arrest. (1997)\n\nOhio \nState Senator Jeff Johnson (D), was convicted of three counts of extortion. (1990)\n\nOklahoma \nGovernor of Oklahoma David Lee Walters (D) pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor election law violation. (1993)\n\nPennsylvania \nState Representative Frank Serafini (R), was convicted of perjury (1999)\nSupreme Court Justice Rolf Larsen (D) convicted of conspiracy. (1992)\nAttorney General Ernie Preate (R) pleaded guilty to mail fraud. (1995)\nState Senator William G. Stinson (D) was found guilty of voter fraud and his election was reversed. (1994)\nState Senator William Lee Slocum, Jr. (R) pleaded guilty to federal charges of violating the Clean Water Act between 1983 and 1995, when he operated the Youngsville Sewage Treatment Plant and allowed repeated pollution discharges of raw sewage. Sentenced to one month in jail, five months of home detention, and fined $15,000.\nState Senator Dan S. Delp (R), pleaded guilty to buying a 19-year-old prostitute liquor and food using state money (1998)\n\nRhode Island \nGovernor of Rhode Island Edward Daniel DiPrete (R) pleaded guilty to bribery and racketeering charges and served one year in prison. (1998)\n\nSouth Carolina \nState Representative Paul Wayne Derrick (R) was convicted of accepting $1,000 in cash for his support of a gambling proposal being investigated in the FBI Operation, Lost Trust. (1991)\nState Representative Rick Lee (R) pleaded guilty to violating the Hobbs Act during the FBI Operation, Lost Trust. (1990)\n State Representative Daniel E. Winstead (R) from Charleston, pled guilty to accepting bribes. (1990)\nState Senator Robert Albert Kohn (R) State Senator from Charleston, pleaded guilty to conspiracy and bribery, and served seven months in prison.\n\nTexas \nAttorney General of Texas Dan Morales (D) pleaded guilty to mail fraud and tax evasion in relation to a $17 million tobacco industry settlement with the State of Texas in 1998. He was sentenced to four years in a federal prison for mail fraud and tax evasion in a case involving Texas' $17 billion settlement with the tobacco industry in 1998. He was released in 2007.\nState Senator Drew Nixon (R) was arrested on a charge of soliciting sex from an undercover Austin police officer which led to another charge of carrying an unlicensed, loaded gun for which he did not have a proper permit. The jury recommended probation on the prostitution charge, but jail time on the weapons charge. He was sentenced to six months in prison and fined $6,000. (1997)\n\nVermont \nLieutenant Governor of Vermont Brian D. Burns (D), was convicted of three counts of fraud for having claimed to be working full-time for a public policy association while he also claimed to be attending Harvard University full-time. He appealed but his conviction was affirmed. (1995)\n\nVirginia \nState Senator Robert E. Russell Sr. (R) was convicted of embezzling $6,750 from a nonprofit cycling club. (1995)\n\nWest Virginia \nGovernor of West Virginia Arch A. Moore Jr (R) guilty of mail fraud, tax fraud, extortion and obstruction of justice. (1990)\n\nDistrict of Columbia \nMayor of the District of Columbia Marion Barry (D) caught on videotape using drugs in an FBI sting (1990)\n\n1980–1989\n\nAlaska \nState Senator Paul Fischer (R), pled guilty to misuse of state funds and taking illegal campaign contributions from an oil-field construction company. (1989)\nState Senator George Hohman (D) State Senator, bribed to obtain a water-bomber aircraft for the state. Sentenced to 3 years and fined $30,000. (1982)\n\nArizona \nGovernor of Arizona Evan Mecham (R) was found guilty of obstruction of justice and misuse of government funds. (1988)\n\nArkansas \nState Representative Preston Bynum (R) convicted of bribery. (1980)\n\nCalifornia \nChief Administrative Officer of San Francisco Roger Boas (D) convicted of rape. (1988)\n\nFlorida \nState Representative Don Gaffney (D) convicted of extortion. (1989)\n\nHawaii \nState Representative Clifford Uwaine (D) convicted of conspiracy. (1982)\n\nIllinois \nGovernor of Illinois Dan Walker (D) was convicted of improprieties stemming from loans from a Savings and Loan. He served 18 months in prison. (1987)\nState Senator Edward Nedza (D) convicted of fraud. (1987)\nAttorney General of Illinois William J. Scott (R) was convicted of tax fraud and sentenced to a year in prison. (1980)\n\nLocal \nAlderman of Chicago Marian Humes (D) convicted of bribery. (1989)\nAlderman of Chicago Perry Hutchinson (D) convicted of bribery. (1988)\nAlderman of Chicago Chester Kuta (D) convicted of bribery. (1987)\nAlderman of Chicago Wallace David Jr (D) convicted of bribery. (1987)\nAlderman of Chicago Clifford Kelley (D) convicted of corruption. (1987)\nAlderman of Chicago Louis Farina (D) convicted of extortion. (1983)\nAlderman of Chicago Tyrone Kenner (D) convicted of bribery. (1983)\nAlderman of Chicago William Carothers (D) convicted of extortion. (1983)\nAlderman of Chicago Stanley Zydlo (D) convicted of extortion. (1980)\n\nLouisiana \nPresident of the Louisiana State Senate Michael Hanley O'Keefe, Sr. (D) jailed for mail fraud. (1983) In February 1983, he was convicted of mail fraud and two counts of obstruction of justice.\nState Agriculture Commissioner Gil Dozier (D) was convicted of extortion and racketeering and jury tampering. (1982)\nState Senator Gaston Gerald (D) convicted of bribery. (1981)\n\nMaine \nState Representative Donald F. Sproul (R) was sentenced to 10 days in prison for ballot tampering.\n\nMassachusetts \nTransportation Secretary Barry Locke (D) was convicted of conspiring to take payoffs as part of a kickback scheme at the MBTA. (1982)\n\nMichigan \nState Senator Jerry C. Diggs (D) accepting bribes to kill taxes on race track revenue; He was tried, convicted, and sentenced (1983)\n\nNebraska \nAttorney General Paul L. Douglas (R) was convicted of perjury and resigned. (1984)\nState Senator James Pappas (R) from North Platte was charged with circulating a petition in a county in which he was not qualified and lying about it. He was found guilty, fined and placed on probation for two years. (1986)\n\nNew Hampshire \nState Representative Vincent Palumbo (R) pled guilty to bank fraud and tax evasion. He was sentenced to more than a year (1989)\n\nNew Jersey\n\nLocal \nMayor of Newark Kenneth A. Gibson (D) was convicted of bribery and for stealing funds from a school construction. (1986)\n\nNew York \nState Senator Richard E. Schermerhorn (R) was convicted of income-tax evasion, obstruction of justice and filing a false statement. Sentenced to 18 months in prison. (1989)\nState Senator William C. Brennan (D) convicted of bribery. (1984)\nState Senator Joseph R. Pisani (R) was convicted of multiple counts of fraud and tax evasion, most of which were overturned on appeal. The Appeals Court upheld one conviction for taking money from an escrow account from his client. (1983) In 1986, Pisani pleaded guilty to other charges of tax evasion, and was sentenced to one year in prison.\n\nOregon \nState Senator Bill Olson (R) pleaded guilty to second-degree sex abuse with a 13-year-old female. (1988)\n\nPennsylvania \nPennsylvania Auditor General Al Benedict (D) convicted of racketeering. (1988)\nState Treasurer R. Budd Dwyer (R) was convicted of bribery. (1987)\n\nLocal \nPresident of the Philadelphia City Council George X. Schwartz (D) was convicted of taking bribes. (1985)\nMember of the Philadelphia City Council Harry Jannotti (D) was convicted of taking bribes. (1985)\nMember of the Philadelphia City Council Louis Johanson (D) was convicted of taking bribes. (1985)\n\nTennessee \nFBI investigation Operation Rocky Top concerned the illegal sale of charity bingo licenses which resulted in over 50 convictions. Two targets of the investigation committed suicide: Tennessee Secretary of State Gentry Crowell (D) (in December 1989, just before he was scheduled to testify for a third time before a federal grand jury) and long-time State Representative Ted Ray Miller (D) (after being charged with bribery). (1986)\nGovernor Leonard Ray Blanton (D) was convicted of mail fraud, conspiracy and extortion for selling liquor licenses. (1982) He served 22 months in a federal penitentiary.\nState Representative Emmitt Ford (D) was convicted of fraud. (1981)\nState Representative Tommy Burnett (D) jailed for 10 months for tax evasion. (1983)\nState Representative Robert J. Fisher (R), was convicted of soliciting a $1,000 bribe from Carter County Sheriff George Papantoniou to kill a state bill the sheriff opposed. Fisher was given a $500 fine and a 30-day suspended sentence and was expelled from the State Senate by a vote of 92–1 (1980)\n\nTexas \nState Representative Mike Martin (R) from Longview, hired his cousin to shoot him as a publicity stunt. He pleaded guilty to perjury and paid a $2,000 fine on the condition that he also resign. (1982)\n\nVermont\n\nLocal\nAssistant Judge Jane Wheel of Chittenden County was convicted of three counts of falsifying court records so she could claim pay for days she had not actually worked. She was sentenced to one to three years in prison on each count, with all but 45 days suspended, plus 1,500 hours of community service. (1987) Wheel's investigation was part of a larger investigation into possible corruption among members of the Vermont Supreme Court. (1988) (See also Vermont vs Hunt (1982).)\n\nWashington \nState Senator Gordon Walgren (D) convicted of violating the Travel Act during the investigation called GAMSCAM. (1980)\nState Representative John A. Bagnariol (D) was convicted of racketeering charges during the investigation called GAMSCAM. (1980\n\nWisconsin \nState Senator Richard Shoemaker (D) convicted of receiving illegal money. (1988)\nState Assemblyman Walter L. Ward, Jr. (D) convicted of sexual assault. (1980)\n\nWest Virginia \nState Senator Dan R. Tonkovich (D) pleaded guilty to extorting $5,000 from gambling interests. He was sentenced to five years in prison. (1989)\nState Senate Larry Tucker (D) extorted $10,000 from a lobbyist, resigned and pleaded guilty. (1989)\n\n1970–1979\n\nAlabama \nState Treasurer Melba Till Allen (D) was convicted of using her office to obtain bank loans to build a theme park and of failing to make full disclosure of her personal finances. She was sentenced to six years in jail and three-and-a-half years of probation. (1978)\n\nArkansas \nState Senator Guy H. Jones (D) convicted of tax evasion in 1973, he was expelled from the senate in 1974.\n\nIllinois \nState Representative Walter C. McAvoy (R) convicted of taking a bribe. (1978)\nThe Illinois concrete industry was investigated for bribery and six politicians were found guilty. (1976)\nState Rep. Pete Pappas (R), the chief conspirator who turned government informant and pleaded guilty; got probation.\nState Rep. Louis F, Capuzi (R) – (Chicago) guilty\nState Rep, Robert Craig (D), guilty, 3-year sentence, $5,000 fine.\nState Sen. Kenneth W. Course (D), guilty, 3-year sentence, $5,000 fine.\nState Rep. Frank P. (Pat) North (R), guilty, 3-year sentence, $5,000 fine.\nState Sen. Jack E. Walker (R), guilty, 3-year sentence, $5,000 fine.\nState Sen. Donald D. Carpentier (R), guilty, 3-year sentence, $5,000 fine.\nState Representative John Wall (R) was convicted of conspiracy to extort money from employees of Crown Personnel, Inc., connected with the labor department's program to find jobs for Vietnam veterans through private employment agencies. (1971)\nGovernor Otto Kerner, Jr. (D) After serving two terms, Kerner was appointed to the Seventh District Court when he was convicted on 17 counts of bribery, conspiracy, perjury and related charges. He was sentenced to three years in federal prison. (1973)\nSecretary of State Edward Barrett (D) was convicted of bribery, mail fraud, and income tax evasion. (1973)\n\nLocal \nAlderman of Chicago Edward Scholl (D) convicted of bribery. (1975)\nAlderman of Chicago Donald Swinarski (D) convicted of bribery. (1975)\nAlderman of Chicago Paul Wigoda (D) convicted of bribery. (1974)\nAlderman of Chicago Thomas Keane (D) convicted of fraud. (1974)\nAlderman of Chicago Frank Kuta (D) convicted of bribery. (1974)\nAlderman of Chicago Joseph Potempa (D) convicted of bribery. (1973)\nAlderman of Chicago Casimir Staszcuk (D) convicted of bribery. (1973)\nAlderman of Chicago Joseph Jambrone (D) convicted of bribery. (1973)\nAlderman of Chicago Fred Hubbard (D) convicted of embezzlement. (1972)\n\nLouisiana \nAttorney General Jack P. F. Gremillion (D) was sentenced to three years in prison for perjury for covering up his dealings with a failed savings and loan. (1972)\n\nMaryland \nState Representative George Santoni (D) was convicted of extortion and served 43 months in prison. (1977)\nGovernor Marvin Mandel (D) was convicted of mail fraud and racketeering. (1977) He served nineteen months of his sentence in a federal prison before being pardoned by President Ronald Reagan. On November 12, 1987, Judge Frederic N. Smalkin overturned Mandel's conviction.\nAnne Arundel County Executive Joseph Alton Jr. (R) pleaded guilty to charges of conspiracy to commit extortion. He served seven months of an eighteen-month sentence in Allenwood Federal Correctional Complex. (1974)\n\nMassachusetts \nState Senator George Rogers (D) was convicted of conspiracy to steal and bribe. He was sentenced to two years in prison and fined $5,000. (1978)\nState Senators Joseph DiCarlo (D) and Ronald MacKenzie (R) were convicted of violating the Hobbs Act, which forbids extortion by public officials, and the Travel Act, which forbids crossing state lines for the purpose of extortion. They were sentenced to one year in prison and fined $5,000. (1977)\nState Representative David J. O'Connor (D) was convicted of willful failure to file Federal income tax returns. He was sentenced five months in jail and fined $10,000. (1970)\n\nMichigan\nState Representative Monte Geralds (D) was expelled from the State House of Representatives, after he was convicted of embezzling $24,000 from a client. (1978)\n\nNew Jersey \n State Assemblyman Arnold D'Ambrosa (D) sentenced to nine months in jail after admitting to charges of embezzlement, bribery, perjury and official misconduct. (1976)\nState Senator Jerome M. Epstein (R) was convicted of stealing $4 million worth of oil between 1969 and 1975 while he was in office. He was sentenced to nine years in prison (1975)\nSecretary of the Treasury Joseph H. McCrane Jr. (R) was convicted of four counts of preparing false and fraudulent tax returns to hide political donations (1974)\nState Senator James Turner (R) was convicted on charges of planting drugs in the home of his Democratic opponent, Assemblyman Kenneth Gewertz in an attempt to frame and ruin him. Senator Turner got five years in prison. (1974)\nSecretary of State Robert J. Burkhardt (D) convicted of accepting $30,000 in bribes to 'fix' a bridge construction contract in 1964. He was given a suspended sentence and three years' probation. (1972)\nSecretary of State Paul J. Sherwin (D) was convicted of trying to fix a $600,000 state highway contract for a contractor who then kicked back $10,000 to Republican fund-raisers (1971)\nState Assemblyman Peter Moraites (R) pleaded guilty to two misdemeanor counts of fraud and was given a 16-month sentence. (1970)\n\nLocal \nMayor of Jersey City, Thomas J. Whelan (D) was indicted as a member of the \"Hudson County Eight\", and convicted of conspiracy and extortion concerning kickbacks for city and county contracts. (1971)\nMayor of Jersey City, John V. Kenny (D) In 1971, he was prosecuted by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of New Jersey and convicted, along with the then-mayor Whelan and former City Council president Thomas Flaherty, in federal court of conspiracy and extortion in a multimillion-dollar political kickback scheme on city and county contracts.\n\nNew York \nState Assemblyman Martin S. Auer (R) was convicted of a kickback scheme with insurance agencies (1979)\nState Senator Lloyd H. Paterson (R) convicted of 20 counts of grand larceny and five counts of falsifying business records, having embezzled more than $68,000 from private estates. He was forced to give up his seat, sentenced to five years' probation and fined $18,500 (1978)\n\nLocal \nNew York City Councilman Matthew Troy (D) pleaded guilty to a federal charge of filing a 1972 income tax return that failed to include $37,000 stolen from clients of his law practice (1976)\n\nOklahoma \nGovernor David Hall (D), was convicted of extortion and conspiracy and served 19 months of a three-year sentence. (1975)\n\nPennsylvania \nState Senator William E. Duffield (D) was sentenced to six months in prison for 11 counts of mail fraud. (1975)\nState Senator Henry Cianfrani (D) convicted on federal charges of racketeering and mail fraud, Cianfrani was sentenced to five years in federal prison. After serving for twenty-seven months, he was released in 1980.\n\nLocal \nMayor of Chester, Pennsylvania John H. Nacrelli convicted of federal bribery and racketeering. (1979)\n\nTennessee \n Governor of Tennessee Ray Blanton (D) convicted of wire fraud and sentenced to 22 months. (1979)\n\nWisconsin \nState Representative James Lewis (R) attempted to persuade scientist Myron Muckerheide to create a laser gun \"designed to blind people\", and to sell it to Guatemalan Colonel Federico Fuentes. Lewis pleaded guilty to perjury for lying to a federal grand jury investigating the scheme and was removed from office. (1979)\nState Senator James Devitt (R) was found guilty of giving felony false testimony by attempting to conceal a campaign contribution. He was also removed from office. (1974)\n\nWest Virginia \nGovernor of West Virginia Wally Barron (D) was convicted of jury tampering. (1971)\n\n1960–1969\n\nAlabama \nAttorney General of Alabama Richmond Flowers, Sr. (D) In 1969, Flowers was sentenced to eight years in prison for conspiring to extort payments from companies.\n\nCalifornia\n\nLocal \n Mayor of Oakland John C. Houlihan (R) was sent to prison for more than two years after pleading guilty to stealing nearly $100,000 from an estate he was handling as an attorney. (1966)\n\nMaryland \nState Delegate A. Gordon Boone (D) served 13 months in federal prison after his conviction on charges of mail fraud in connection with the state's savings and loan scandal. (1967)\n\nMassachusetts \nGovernor's Councilors Joseph Ray Crimmins (D) and Raymond F. Sullivan (D) and former councilors Michael Favulli (D) and Ernest C. Stasiun (D) were found guilty of conspiracy for requesting bribes from Governor Foster Furcolo in exchange for their votes in favor of reappointing state public works commissioner Anthony N. DiNatale. (1965)\n\nMichigan\n\nLocal\nMayor of Detroit Louis Miriani (R) convicted of tax evasion. (1969)\n\nNew Jersey \nState Senator Jerome Epstein (R) was found guilty and sentenced to nine years for stealing $4KK of fuel oil. (1968)\n\nNew York \nState Assemblyman Hyman E. Mintz (R) was convicted of bribery and perjury charges for trying to get insider information on a grand jury probe of the Finger Lakes Race Track. Mintz was sentenced to one year in prison. (1965)\nState Assemblyman Stanley J. Bauer (R) pleaded guilty to one count of tax evasion and was fined $5,000. (1962)\n\nOklahoma\nAssociate Justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court N. S. Corn (D) accepted bribes of $150K delivered in $100 bills in an armored car and was sentenced to 18 months in prison. (1964)\n\n1950–1959\n\nIllinois \nState Auditor Orville Hodge (R) embezzled more than $6 million and was indicted on 54 counts including conspiracy, forgery and embezzling. He was sentenced to 12 to 15 years in prison. (1956)\n\nMaine \nState Senator Earle Albee (R), was found guilty of accepting money under false pretenses for working to have a drunk driving charge dismissed. He was sentenced to prison and an appeal was dismissed. (1957)\n\nTexas \nTexas Land Commissioner Bascom Giles (D) convicted of fraud and bribery and served three years of a six-year prison term.\n\n1940–1949\n\nMassachusetts\n\nLocal \nMayor of Lowell George T. Ashe (D) was convicted by a jury on charges of conspiracy involving city purchases. (1942) He was sentenced to a year in prison.\nSheriff of Suffolk County John F. Dowd (D) pleaded guilty to charges of conspiracy and soliciting and accepting gratuities. He was sentenced to two concurrent sentences of six to eight years in prison. (1941)\nMarlborough, Massachusetts city solicitor John J. Ginnetti pled guilty to bribery for selling two jobs in the Marlborough Fire Department. Mayor Louis Ingalls, who was indicted alongside Ginnetti, committed suicide before the trial began. Ginnetti was sentenced to six months in jail and resigned from the bar. (1940)\n\nMichigan \nState Representative Carl F. DeLano (R) was convicted of accepting bribes from naturopathic physicians, sentenced to three to five years in prison (1945)\nState Senator William C. Birk (R) was convicted of accepting a bribe and sentenced to four years in prison. (1945)\nState Senator Jerry T. Logie (R) was tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3–5 years in prison for bribery. (1944)\nState Representative William Green (R) indicted on bribery charges, tried in 1945 and convicted; sentenced to three to five years in prison (1945)\nState Representative Warren Green Hooper (R) pleaded guilty to taking bribes and was given immunity from prosecution in return for turning state's evidence. Four days later he was shot and killed. (1945)\n\nNew Jersey\n\nLocal\nAtlantic County Treasurer Enoch L. Johnson \"Nucky\" (R) was involved in racketeering, gambling, prostitution and bootlegging. He was arrested for failure to file income taxes. He was found guilty and sentenced to 10 years. (1941)\n\nNew York \nAssemblyman Lawrence J. Murray, Jr. (D) was charged with embezzling over some time a total amount of $49,102 from the accounts of a mentally incompetent client which he subsequently lost betting on horses. On April 4, 1940, he was convicted of theft, and the next day sentenced to 5 to 10 years in prison.\n\n1930–1939\n\nConnecticut \nState Senator Nathan Spiro (R), pleaded guilty to accepting a bribe and was fined $1,500 (1938)\n\nLouisiana \nGovernor Richard W. Leche (D) sentenced to 10 years in prison for fraud. (1939)\n\nMichigan \nState Representative Miles M. Callaghan (R) resigned his seat after pleading guilty to charges of legislative graft and conspiracy. (1939)\n\nPennsylvania \nState Senator John J. McClure (R) was convicted of vice and rum running but was overturned on appeal.\n\n1920–1929\n\nIndiana \nGovernor of Indiana Warren McCray (R) convicted of mail fraud and served three years. (1924)\n\nLocal \nMayor of Indianapolis John Duvall (R) was convicted of bribery and jailed. (1928)\nMayor of Indianapolis Claude E. Negley (R) pled guilty to accepting bribes, fined. (1927)\n\nMassachusetts \nState Representative C. F. Nelson Pratt (R) was found guilty of simple assault after being charged with attempted felonious assault. He was fined $100. (1928)\n\nOklahoma\n\nWisconsin\nState Assemblyman Clark M. Perry (R) pleaded guilty to a charge of liquor conspiracy and was sentenced to three years in prison. (1926)\n\n1910–1919\n\nArkansas \nState Senator Samuel C. Sims (D) was paid a bribe of $900 about legislation to regulate trading stamps and coupons. He was arrested, charged with bribery and convicted, and then expelled from the Senate. (1917)\nState Senator Ivison C. Burgess (R) introduced legislation to regulate trading stamps and coupons and then accepted a bribe of $2,000 from trading-stamp interests. Guilty of bribery, then expelled from the Senate. (1917)\n\nCalifornia \nState Senator Marshall Black, (R) was convicted for embezzlement of funds (1918)\n\nIllinois\n\nLocal\nMayor of Rock Island, Harry M. Schriver (R) was convicted of vice protection and conspiracy. (1923)\n\nMassachusetts \nLawrence, Massachusetts Mayor William P. White (R) was found guilty of bribery. (1910)\nState Representative Harry C. Foster (R) was found guilty of conduct unbecoming a representative for collecting money for pending legislation (1916)\n\nLocal\n\nNew Hampshire \nState Representative Clifford L. Snow (R) found guilty of selling his votes to other legislators(1913)\n\nOklahoma \nState Insurance Commissioner Perry A. Ballard (D) was found guilty of moral turpitude and corruption. (1913)\n\nPennsylvania \nAuditor General of Pennsylvania William Preston Snyder (R) was convicted of conspiracy to defraud and was given a sentence of two years in jail. (1909)\nState Superintendent of Public Grounds and Buildings James M. Shumaker (R) was convicted of conspiracy to defraud. Sentenced to two years in prison. (1908)\n\nVermont \nHorace F. Graham (R) State Auditor, had just been elected governor, when he was accused of having embezzled $25,000. At trial, he was found guilty and sentenced to prison. A new governor was elected, Republican Percival W. Clement. Though Graham still denied the crime, he repaid the missing funds. He was then pardoned by Governor Clement. (1917)\n\nWisconsin \nState Assemblyman Edmund J. Labuwi (R) was convicted of obtaining money under false pretenses. (1916)\n\n1900–1909\n\nKentucky \nState Auditor Henry Eckert Youtsey (R) State Auditor, was found guilty of conspiracy in the assassination of Governor William J. Goebel (D) and was sentenced to life in prison (1900)\nSecretary of State Caleb Powers (R) was convicted as an accessory to the assassination of Democratic Governor William J. Goebel. Powers served eight years in jail. (1900) He was pardoned in 1908.\n\nMassachusetts\n\nLocal \nBoston Alderman George H. Battis (R) was convicted of larceny for overcharging the city of Boston $334.25 for trophies he purchased for the East Boston's Fourth of July celebrations in 1906 and 1907. He received a three-year sentence, but was pardoned by Governor Eben Sumner Draper and the Massachusetts Governor's Council after a year-and-a-half. (1909)\n\nMichigan \nState Representative D. Judson Hammond (R) from Oakland County, convicted of soliciting a bribe of $500 to defeat a bill opposed by wholesale grocers; sentenced to two years in prison. (1903)\nState Treasurer Frank Porter Glazier (R) convicted of embezzlement; served two years in prison (1908)\n\nMissouri \n State Senator William P. Sullivan (R) convicted of accepting a bribe concerning his vote on the \"pure food law\" and fined $100. (1905)\n\nNew York \n State Assemblyman Max Eckmann (R) found guilty of conspiracy to manufacture false voting petitions, fined $500 (1906)\n\nPennsylvania \nTreasurer of Pennsylvania, William L. Mathues (R) Mathues was convicted in connection to the Pennsylvania State Capitol graft scandal and sentenced to two years in prison. He died before incarceration. (1908)\n\n1890–1899\n\nMaryland \nState Treasurer Stevenson Archer (D) was found guilty of embezzling $132,000 and sentenced to five years. (1890)\n\nMissouri \nState Treasurer Edward T. Noland (D), following reports of his drunkenness and gambling, an investigation found a shortage in state funds of about $32,000. He was suspended from office and resigned. He was then arrested, charged with embezzlement, tried, convicted and sentenced to two years in prison. (1890)\n\n1880–1889\n\nKentucky \nState Treasurer James \"Honest Dick\" Tate (D) was convicted of fraud and theft. (1888)\n\nLouisiana \nState Treasurer Edward A. Burke (D) was convicted of fraud and theft. (1888)\n\n1870–1879\n\nMississippi \nLieutenant Governor Alexander K. Davis (R) was found guilty of accepting a bribe for aid in obtaining a pardon. (1876)\n\nNebraska \nGovernor David C. Butler (R) was found guilty of using $16,000 from the sale of public lands for his own private use. He was then impeached and removed from office. (1871)\n\nNorth Carolina \nGovernor William Woods Holden (R) was convicted of \"unlawful\" arrests and recruitment of troops to quell the activities of the Ku Klux Klan in what became known as the Kirk-Holden war. Impeached, found guilty and removed from office. (1870)\n\nSouth Carolina \n State Treasurer Francis Lewis Cardozo (R) was convicted of fraud, and spent seven months in prison. (1876)\n\n1850–1859\n\nIllinois \nGovernor of Illinois Joel Aldrich Matteson (D), was found to have redeemed Michigan and Illinois Canal script, which had already been redeemed. He was found guilty and forced to repay $238K. (1859)\n\nSee also \nList of federal political scandals in the United States\nList of federal political sex scandals in the United States\n2017–18 United States political sexual scandals\n\nFederal politicians:\nList of American federal politicians convicted of crimes\nList of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded\nList of United States senators expelled or censured\n\nReferences \n\n \nConvicted of crimes\nLists of criminals\nPoliticians convicted of crimes", "On 28 May 2021, Scottish pensioner Esther Brown was raped and murdered at her flat in Woodlands, Glasgow.\n\nJason Graham, a registered sex offender, who was unknown to her, was found guilty of her rape and murder on 12 November 2021, and sentenced to 19 years in jail.\n\nPerpetrator \nJason Graham did not know Brown, and was a registered sex offender. He was aged 30 at the time he murdered and raped Brown.\n\nMurder \nBrown was kicked, punched and stamped on by Graham on 28 May 2021.\n\nShe was reported missing the same day and found dead on 1 June at her flat in Glasgow's Woodlands on West Princes Street. \n\nOn 7 June an arrest was made, Graham was charged, suspected of brutally killing the elderly woman in her own home. After killing her, he allegedly used Brown's bankcard to purchase cigarettes.\n\nResponse \nA memorial is planned for Brown, in recognition of her community activism.\n\nTrial \nOn 15 October 2021, Jason Graham pleaded guilty to the murder at Glasgow High Court. Sentencing was due by 12 November 2021. On 17 November, he was found guilty to the murder and was sentenced to 19 years.\n\nSee also\nList of solved missing person cases\n\nReferences \n\n2020s missing person cases\n2021 in Scotland\n2021 murders in the United Kingdom\nFemale murder victims\nFormerly missing people\nMay 2021 events in the United Kingdom\nMissing person cases in Scotland\nMurder in Glasgow\nRape in Scotland\nViolence against women in Scotland" ]

[ "Erich Mielke", "Imprisonment", "Why was Erich imprisoned?", "Mielke was then put on trial for ordering the shootings of East Germans who were trying to defect to the West.", "was he found guilty?", "In November 1994, the presiding judge closed the proceedings, ruling that Mielke was not mentally fit to stand trial." ]

[ "Joseph Roney (born August 15, 1935, Port-au-Prince, d. January 7, 2013, Brussels) was a Haitian politician. Roney hailed from a peasant family. He studied at the Ecole normale supérieure of the State University of Haiti.\n\nIn 1959 he took part in founding the Party of Popular Accord (PEP), a party in which he would serve as its general secretary. During the 1960s he was a leader of the National Union of Haitian Students (UNEH) and the Popular Youth League (LJP). Roney organized students strike to ensure the freedom of jailed UNEH chairman Bastien. Soon, Roney himself was jailed as well. On November 22, 1960 a national students strike was organized to demand that Roney (then the UNEH treasurer) and 19 other students be freed from jail. The strike movement was successful, and Roney resumed a leading role in the student movement after his release.\n\nIn 1969 he became the general secretary of the Unified Party of Haitian Communists (PUCH). He continued in this position until 1972. Soon after the foundation of the PUCH, Roney was arrested and jailed for seven years. He was released from jailed in 1977, and went into exile in Belgium. In Belgium, he became a member of the Workers Party of Belgium.\n\nReferences\n\n1935 births\n2013 deaths\nHaitian communists\nPeople from Port-au-Prince\nHaitian exiles\nHaitian expatriates in Belgium\nUnified Party of Haitian Communists politicians", "Te Mahuki (c1840–1899) was a notable New Zealand tribal prophet who believed he was an Israelite sent to find the promised land. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Ngāti Kinohaku and Ngāti Maniapoto iwi. He was born in Te Kumi, King Country, New Zealand.\n\nLife\nTe Mahuki bitterly resented Pakeha settlement in New Zealand, having been among the ploughmen jailed for being at Parihaka when it was invaded. He was fiercely opposed to all aspects of Paheka culture being adopted by Māori. He had taken part in the First Taranaki War in 1860 against the instructions of the Maori king. He led a kidnapping of a surveyor Charles Hursthouse, for whom he had a bitter hatred. Hursthouse and Wetere Te Rerenga were surveying the path of the North Island Main Trunk railway line on land that had been purchased by the government from Ngati Maniapoto when he was captured. Hursthouse and the others escaped with the help of a rescue party. A few days later Te Mahuki and his followers marched unarmed on Pirongia to protest against the co-operation of Ngāti Maniapoto chiefs with the railway survey. He was arrested and jailed. In 1885 he posed for this photograph outside the hut, where he had kept Hursthouse. Later he and his followers took over stores in Te Kuiti and he was arrested again. He was jailed for 12 months. In 1897 he set fire to a store in Te Kuiti and was jailed again. He was certified insane and sent to Auckland Lunatic Asylum where he died.\n\nReferences\n\nYear of birth missing\n1899 deaths\nNgāti Maniapoto\nNew Zealand Māori religious leaders" ]

[ "Erich Mielke", "Imprisonment", "Why was Erich imprisoned?", "Mielke was then put on trial for ordering the shootings of East Germans who were trying to defect to the West.", "was he found guilty?", "In November 1994, the presiding judge closed the proceedings, ruling that Mielke was not mentally fit to stand trial.", "Was he ever jailed?", "At 87 years of age, Erich Mielke was Germany's oldest prison inmate and had been incarcerated for 1,904 days." ]

[ "Bryce Harris (born January 16, 1989) is an American football offensive tackle who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Fresno State.\n\nProfessional career\n\nAtlanta Falcons\nOn May 2, 2012, Harris signed with the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent. On August 31, 2012, he was released and subsequently signed to the team's practice squad the next day.\n\nNew Orleans Saints\nHarrris signed with the New Orleans Saints to join the active roster from the Atlanta Falcons practice squad. On November 25, 2012, he made his NFL Debut against the San Francisco 49ers, but was unable to finish the game due getting injured in the first quarter. On November 27, 2012, he was placed on Injured Reserve due to his broken leg injury.\n\nThe Saints re-signed Harris on March 20, 2015.\n\nSecond stint with the Falcons\nHarris was claimed off waivers by the Atlanta Falcons on September 6, 2015, after being released by the Saints the previous day.\n\nOn September 3, 2016, Harris was released by the Falcons.\n\nJacksonville Jaguars\nOn October 5, 2016, Harris was signed by the Jaguars. He was released by the Jaguars on November 18, 2016.\n\nMiami Dolphins\nHarris was claimed off waivers the Dolphins on November 21, 2016. He was released on December 6, 2016.\n\nSecond stint with the Saints\nOn May 22, 2017, Harris signed with the New Orleans Saints. He was released on September 11, 2017, but was re-signed the next day. He was released on September 25, 2017. He was re-signed on October 13, 2017, only to be released four days later.\n\nDetroit Lions\nOn October 18, 2017, Harris signed with the Detroit Lions. He was released on October 26, 2017.\n\nSan Francisco 49ers\nOn November 1, 2017, Harris signed with San Francisco 49ers on a one-year deal, but was released three days later.\n\nThird stint with the Saints\nOn November 6, 2017, Harris was claimed off waivers by the Saints. He was released on November 18, 2017, but re-signed 11 days later. He was released again on December 12, 2017. He was re-signed again on January 10, 2018.\n\nPittsburgh Steelers\nOn June 4, 2018, Harris signed with the Pittsburgh Steelers on a one-year deal. He was waived with a non-football illness designation on July 26, 2018.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nFresno State Bulldogs bio\nAtlanta Falcons bio\n\n1989 births \nLiving people\nAmerican football offensive tackles\nFresno State Bulldogs football players\nAtlanta Falcons players\nNew Orleans Saints players\nJacksonville Jaguars players\nMiami Dolphins players\nDetroit Lions players\nSan Francisco 49ers players\nPittsburgh Steelers players", "Terrell Manning (born April 16, 1990) is a former American football linebacker. Manning was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fifth round, 163rd overall, in the 2012 NFL Draft. He played college football at North Carolina State.\n\nHe has also played for the San Diego Chargers, Minnesota Vikings, Chicago Bears, and Cincinnati Bengals.\n\nProfessional career\n\nGreen Bay Packers\nManning Was signed by the Green Bay Packers on May 11, 2012.\nManning was released by the Green Bay Packers on August 31, 2013.\n\nSan Diego Chargers\nManning was claimed off waivers by the San Diego Chargers on September 1, 2013. He was released on September 25, 2013. Manning was signed to the Chargers' practice squad on September 28, 2013.\n\nMinnesota Vikings\nHe signed with the Minnesota Vikings on April 15, 2014, but was released on May 13, 2014.\n\nNew York Giants\nManning signed with the New York Giants on June 16, 2014, but was released on August 30, 2014.\n\nMiami Dolphins\nManning signed to the practice squad of the Miami Dolphins on September 4, 2014, he was released on September 17, 2014.\n\nChicago Bears\nManning was signed to the Chicago Bears practice squad on September 19, 2014.\nHe was elevated to the 53 man roster on September 22, 2014, he was released on October 1, 2014.\nHe was signed to the practice squad on October 7, 2014.\nHe was elevated to the 53 man roster on October 11, 2014, he was released on October 13, 2014.\nHe was signed to the practice squad on October 14, 2014, he was released on November 11, 2014\n\nCincinnati Bengals\nManning was signed to the Cincinnati Bengals practice squad on November 18, 2014.\n\nSecond stint with the Giants\nManning was activated from the Cincinnati Bengals practice squad to the 53 man roster of the New York Giants on November 25, 2014.\nOn December 3, 2014, he was put on IR and on February 2, 2015, the season ended so he was taken off IR.\n\nAtlanta Falcons\nManning was signed on August 16, 2015. On August 30, 2015, the Falcons announced that Manning was waived, but he remained on the roster due to his name not being submitted to the league office. On September 4, 2015, he was waived by the Falcons.\n\nSecond stint with the Dolphins\nManning was signed to the Miami Dolphins' practice squad on September 23, 2015. He was released by the Dolphins on September 29. He re-signed to the team's practice squad on November 2, 2015.\n\nOn April 28, 2016, Manning was released.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n New York Giants bio\n NC State Wolfpack bio\n\n1990 births\nLiving people\nPlayers of American football from North Carolina\nAmerican football linebackers\nNC State Wolfpack football players\nGreen Bay Packers players\nSan Diego Chargers players\nMinnesota Vikings players\nNew York Giants players\nPeople from Laurinburg, North Carolina\nMiami Dolphins players\nChicago Bears players\nAtlanta Falcons players" ]

[ "Erich Mielke", "Imprisonment", "Why was Erich imprisoned?", "Mielke was then put on trial for ordering the shootings of East Germans who were trying to defect to the West.", "was he found guilty?", "In November 1994, the presiding judge closed the proceedings, ruling that Mielke was not mentally fit to stand trial.", "Was he ever jailed?", "At 87 years of age, Erich Mielke was Germany's oldest prison inmate and had been incarcerated for 1,904 days.", "Was he released?", "In 1995, parole officers and Mielke's attorneys argued that he was \"totally confused\" and obtained his release." ]

[ "Abba Hilkiah (or Abba Hilkiahu; , Abba helkia) was a tannaic sage, and a grandson of Honi ha-M'agel. The Talmud cites him as exceptionally scrupulous in his work and behavior.\n\nJust like his well-known grandfather, who was known for his abilities to induce rain by means of prayers and other supernatural means, so was Hilkiah known for his abilities to induce rain by his prayers. For this reason, during one of the periods of the drought, as the Talmud records the occasion, the sages sent him a delegation of two disciples, to ask him to pray for rain. The disciples found him working in the field as a salaried employee, and so he failed to address even their courtesy when they greeted him, until he was done with his work at the field, and only then did they make their way to his home together, while they observe some strange behaviors of Hilkiah. Abba Hilkiah, who already understood by himself the reason for the disciples' visit, failed, in his humbleness nature, to even listen to their appeals, and immediately upon arrival at his house, he and his wife ascended to the attic, where they made a prayer plea for rain to come, a plea that was immediately answered by heaven. Rain clouds started appearing in the direction where his wife prayed, and the rain started tapping. Abba Hilkiah then returned to his visitors, and while pretending to be naive, he asked them for their wishes. The disciples did not fall into the trap, and were immediately able to comprehend that Hilkiah induced the rain, and had asked him on his strange behaviors that they previously observed on their way to his home, as well as for the reason that the rain came from the direction his wife prayed and not his. Hilkiah explained everything to them, that the reason his wife's plea was answered first was because she helps the needy who knock on her door, by handing them cooked food, while he only hands them money, so they have to bother to go buy it. But his alternative reason is perhaps more fundamental: \"There had been robbers in my street, and I prayed to G‑d to get rid of them, but my wife prayed that they should mend their ways!\"\n\nSee also\nYisroel Meir Gabbai\n\nReferences\n\nMishnah rabbis\nYear of birth unknown\nYear of death unknown", "Amanmašša is the name of an Egyptian official, but probably two separate officials (?), in the 1350–1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. The Egyptian form of his name is Amenmose, which means \"Amun-born\".\n\nAmanmašša is only referenced in two letters of the Byblos sub-corpus of Rib-Hadda, EA 113 and 114; EA is for 'el Amarna'. Both letters have depth, (are complex) and reference Yapa-Hadda of Biruta-(Beirut) and involve: ships, control of grain for food, war, desertion of Rib-Hadda people-(citizens of Gubla-Byblos), etc.\n\nAmarna letter EA 114 has the distinction of being the only letter of the 382–Amarna letter correspondence referencing Alashiya/Cyprus-(and concerning Amanmašša), besides the letters EA 34–EA 40 that are from Alashiya, and the unnamed \"King of Alashiya\".\n\nThe letters for \"Official: Amanmašša\"\n\nRib-Hadda EA 113, title: \"War and peace\"\nSee: Yapa-Hadda\n\nRib-Hadda EA 114, title: \"Loyalty and its rewards\"\nStarting at line 26:\n\"...\nLook, I (must) keep writing like (th)is to you about Sumur-(Zemar). Look, I did go and I strongly urged the troops to [guard i]t, but now they have abandoned it, [and] the garrison [has deserted]. And [for this reason I keep wr]iting. I have sent [ ... ] a messenger of mine time and again. How often did I send him and he was unable to get into Sumur! They have blocked all the roads against him. That fellow–(i.e. Yapa-Hadda of Beirut), looks with pleasure on the war against me and Sumur. For 2 months he has been encamped against me. For what reason is your loyal servant so treated? For service to you! If you are unable to fetch you[r] servant, then send archers to fetch me. It would be good to be with you. The enemies of the king are at war with me, as are his mayors, to whom he gives thought. For this reason my situation is extremely grave. Look, ask the other Amanmašša if it was not (from) Alashiya that I sent him to you. Give thought to your loyal servant. Pre[vi]ously, my peasantry got provisions from the \"land of Yarimuta\", but now, now Yapah-Hadda does not let them go. W[hy are you negl]igent? [The king must] send a garrison [to protect] your loyal [servant ...] the enemies of the king, for they make a mayor who serves you with loyalty prowl about. Moreover, give thought to me. Who will be loyal were I to die? Look, Yapah-Hadda is on the side of Aziru. -EA 114, (complete, lines 26-69(End)) (some damaged words, or lost)\n\nSee also\nYapa-Hadda, mayor of Biruta-(Beirut)\nRib-Hadda\nAmarna letters\nAlashiya/Cyprus\nAmenmesse–Pharaoh\n\nReferences\nMoran, William L. The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. (softcover, )\n\nAmarna letters officials\nPhoenician people" ]

[ "Erich Mielke", "Imprisonment", "Why was Erich imprisoned?", "Mielke was then put on trial for ordering the shootings of East Germans who were trying to defect to the West.", "was he found guilty?", "In November 1994, the presiding judge closed the proceedings, ruling that Mielke was not mentally fit to stand trial.", "Was he ever jailed?", "At 87 years of age, Erich Mielke was Germany's oldest prison inmate and had been incarcerated for 1,904 days.", "Was he released?", "In 1995, parole officers and Mielke's attorneys argued that he was \"totally confused\" and obtained his release.", "what other reason did they have for releasing him?", "Public Prosecutor of Berlin announced that he was \"not interested in chasing an 87 year old man anymore\"" ]

[ "\"Do Ya Do Ya (Wanna Please Me)\" was the second single from British singer Samantha Fox's 1986 debut album Touch Me.\n\nSong information\nThe hard rock song was Fox's second consecutive number one in Sweden, supplanting Fox's \"Touch Me (I Want Your Body)\". It was also a top ten hit in the UK, Switzerland, and Germany. The lyrics taunt the listener with lines such as \"Are you strong enough?\" and \"I could get you underneath my thumb.\" Fox performed the song on a 1986 episode of Top of the Pops, and to this day remains a recurring feature of her live repertoire.\n\nMusic video\nThe music video begins with Samantha Fox emerging from a limousine in a ruffled shirt and studded black leather jacket. Her valet looking on, Fox performs the number with her band while pulling several pranks on them. The clip featured members of Hanoi Rocks; Nasty Suicide, Timo \"Timppa\" Kaltio, Terry Chimes and Dave Tregunna as Fox's band.\n\nTrack listings\n 12\" Vinyl UK (0577346)\n\"Do Ya Do Ya (Wanna Please Me) (Vixen Mix)\" (6:13)\n\"Do Ya Do Ya (Wanna Please Me) (Extended Version)\" (5:18)\n\n 12\" Vinyl DE (6.20627 AE)\n\"Do Ya Do Ya (Wanna Please Me) (Foxy Mix)\" (6:13)\n\"Do Ya Do Ya (Wanna Please Me) (Extended Version)\" (5:18)\n\"Drop Me A Line\" (3:48)\n\n12\" Vinyl US (1033-1-JD)\n\"Do Ya Do Ya (Wanna Please Me) (Extended Version)\" (5:18)\n\"Do Ya Do Ya (Wanna Please Me) (7\" Version)\" (3:48)\n\"Do Ya Do Ya (Wanna Please Me) (Vixen Mix)\" (6:13)\n\"Do Ya Do Ya (Wanna Please Me) (Instrumental Version)\" (3:48) \t\n\"Want You To Want Me\" \t(3:30)\n\n7\" Vinyl UK (FOXY 2)\n\"Do Ya Do Ya (Wanna Please Me)\" (3:48)\n\"Never Gonna Fall In Love Again\" (5:10)\n\n7\" Vinyl CAN (1031-7-J)\n\"Do Ya Do Ya (Wanna Please Me)\" (3:48)\n\"Want You To Want Me\" (3:30)\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nReferences\n\n1986 singles\n1986 songs\nJive Records singles\nNumber-one singles in Finland\nNumber-one singles in Sweden\nSamantha Fox songs", "Mambo No. Sex (titled Kiss Me in Japan) is a 1999 album by German Eurodance band E-Rotic. Its name is a play on the popular song \"Mambo No. 5\" by Lou Bega, which was released seven months before this album.\n\nTrack listing\n\nMambo No. Sex\n \"Mambo No. Sex\" (radio edit) – 3:03\n \"Temple of Love\" – 3:17\n \"Give a Little Love\" – 3:55\n \"Don't Talk Dirty to Me\" – 3:24\n \"Oh Nick Please Not So Quick\" – 3:20\n \"Wild and Strong\" – 4:18\n \"Sam\" – 3:26\n \"Do It All Night\" – 3:46\n \"Dance with the Vamps\" – 3:57\n \"Dr. Love\" – 3:14\n \"Makin' Love in the Sun\" – 3:56\n \"Wish You Were Here\" – 3:12\n \"Oh Nick Please Not So Quick\" (flute version) – 3:32\n \"Mambo No. Sex\" (extended version) – 4:59\n \"Sam\" (extended version) – 6:05\n\nKiss Me\n \"Kiss Me\" – 3:24\n \"Temple of Love\" – 3:17\n \"Give a Little Love\" – 3:55\n \"Don't Talk Dirty to Me\" – 3:24\n \"Oh Nick Please Not So Quick\" – 3:20\n \"Wild and Strong\" – 4:18\n \"Sam\" – 3:26\n \"Do It All Night\" – 3:46\n \"Dance with the Vamps\" – 3:57\n \"Dr. Love\" – 3:14\n \"Makin' Love in the Sun\" – 3:56\n \"Wish You Were Here\" – 3:12\n \"Oh Nick Please Not So Quick\" (flute version) – 3:32\n \"Kiss Me\" (extended version) – 6:24\n \"Sam\" (extended version) – 6:05\n\n1999 albums\nE-Rotic albums" ]

[ "Erich Mielke", "Imprisonment", "Why was Erich imprisoned?", "Mielke was then put on trial for ordering the shootings of East Germans who were trying to defect to the West.", "was he found guilty?", "In November 1994, the presiding judge closed the proceedings, ruling that Mielke was not mentally fit to stand trial.", "Was he ever jailed?", "At 87 years of age, Erich Mielke was Germany's oldest prison inmate and had been incarcerated for 1,904 days.", "Was he released?", "In 1995, parole officers and Mielke's attorneys argued that he was \"totally confused\" and obtained his release.", "what other reason did they have for releasing him?", "Public Prosecutor of Berlin announced that he was \"not interested in chasing an 87 year old man anymore\"", "could you give me more information about his imprisonment please?", "During his incarceration, at JVA Moabit corrections officers supplied Mielke with a red telephone like the one in his office at Stasi Headquarters." ]

[ "\"The Indian Hunter\" is a song based on a poem by Eliza Cook. Music was added by Henry Russell and published in 1842. In the poem, a lament, the hunter is questioning what the white man wants with him and his home.\n\nCook's poem\n\"The Indian Hunter, as written by Eliza Cook:\n\nOh! why does the white man follow my path,\nLike the hound on the tiger's track?\nDoes the blush on my dark cheek waken he wrath?\nDoe he covet the bow on my back?\nHe has rivers and seas, where the billows and breeze\nBear riches for him alone;\nAnd the sons of the wood never plunge in the flood\nWhich the white man calls his own.\n\nWhy then should he come to the streams where none\nBut the red-skin dare to swim?\nWhy, why should he wrong the hunter-one,\nWho never did harm to him?\nThe Father above thought fit to give\nTo the white man corn and wine;\nThere are golden fields, where they may live,\nBut the forest shades are mine.\n\nThe eagle hath its place of rest,\nThe wild horse where to dwell;\nAn the Spirit that gave the bird its nest,\nMade me a home as well.\nThen back, go back from the red man's track,\nFor the hunter's eyes grow dim,\nTo find that the white man wrongs the one\nWho never did harm to him.\n\nReferences\n\nSheet Music on IMSLP\n\nBibliography\nCook, Eliza. The Poetical Works of Eliza Cook. Philadelphia: John Ball (1850)\nCook, Eliza (w.); Russell, Henry (m.). \"The Indian Hunter\" (Sheet music). New York: Firth, Hall & Pond (c. 1842).\n\nBritish poems\nSongs based on poems\n1842 songs\nSongs with music by Henry Russell (musician)", "Chasing the Dime is a novel by American crime-writer Michael Connelly.\n\nPlot summary \nAn entrepreneur is on the verge of announcing a historic (and potentially very lucrative) breakthrough in nanotechnology. In an attempt to escape the pressure of his work, he becomes fascinated with a peculiar puzzle: what happened to the woman who had his telephone number before him, and why are so many lonely men calling her. The trail leads him into an entangling jungle of murder and betrayal.\n\n2002 American novels\nNovels by Michael Connelly" ]

[ "Erich Mielke", "Imprisonment", "Why was Erich imprisoned?", "Mielke was then put on trial for ordering the shootings of East Germans who were trying to defect to the West.", "was he found guilty?", "In November 1994, the presiding judge closed the proceedings, ruling that Mielke was not mentally fit to stand trial.", "Was he ever jailed?", "At 87 years of age, Erich Mielke was Germany's oldest prison inmate and had been incarcerated for 1,904 days.", "Was he released?", "In 1995, parole officers and Mielke's attorneys argued that he was \"totally confused\" and obtained his release.", "what other reason did they have for releasing him?", "Public Prosecutor of Berlin announced that he was \"not interested in chasing an 87 year old man anymore\"", "could you give me more information about his imprisonment please?", "During his incarceration, at JVA Moabit corrections officers supplied Mielke with a red telephone like the one in his office at Stasi Headquarters.", "Why did he give him the telephone?", "Although it was not connected to the outside world, Mielke enjoyed having imaginary conversations with non-existent Stasi agents." ]

[ "Eight Ball is a 1992 Australian film directed by Ray Argall.\n\nPlot\nA young architect, Charlie, meets Russell, who has just got out of prison.\n\nProduction\nIt was financed by the FFC and Film Victoria and was shot from 13 May to 28 June 1991. Argall says making the film was unsatisfactory:\n I spent too much time and put too much energy into making everybody else happy and doing the right thing by everybody else instead of doing the right thing by myself. There's a point where you need to actually focus on what is there. There were many elements of the storytelling that I could have focused on and developed, rather than just dropping and replacing them with something new, and it may have helped. The romance between the main character and his girlfriend - there was a great desire on the part of quite a few of the people who were financing it, to develop this and to make it a strong element. It's not a real strength of mine, and I did all that, but at the expense of other elements that were probably more in tune with the story that I originally had in mind. I developed those things but in the editing room we probably cut it down to what it was in the original script.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n Eight Ball at Oz Movies\n\n1992 films\nAustralian films\nEnglish-language films", "Joe Sedelmaier (May 31, 1933), born John Josef Sedelmaier, is an American film director known for his work in television advertising. His work includes FedEx's \"Fast Talking Man\" ads and the Wendy's \"Where's the Beef?\" ads.\n\nSedelmaier contended, \"A commercial is something you watch when you sit down to watch something else--you should at least be entertained.\"\n\n\"Beginning in the 1970s, Sedelmaier, a former art director at Young & Rubicam and J. Walter Thompson, gained notice for fundamentally changing the way television spots were cast and filmed--replacing the actors who seemed like plastic, too perfect mannequins with offbeat people like Clara Peller. He directed them in a manner doing for television advertising what directors like Preston Sturges did for Hollywood comedies.\"—Stuart Elliott, New York Times \n\nHis commercial work has garnered multiple Clio awards, Cannes Golden Lion Awards, and numerous awards for the One Show, the Art Directors Club of New York, Communication Arts, Britain's D&AD, and the Hollywood MBA. In 2000 he was inducted into the Art Directors Club of New York Hall of Fame. In 2016 he was inducted into the American Advertising Federation Advertising Hall of Fame. His film \"OpenMinds\" was an official selection at the 2003 Sundance Film Festival.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n Short Bio at Adage.com\n Art Directors Club biography, portrait and images of work\n\nLiving people\nArtists from Chicago\nAdvertising directors\n1933 births\nPeople from Orrville, Ohio" ]

[ "Erich Mielke", "Imprisonment", "Why was Erich imprisoned?", "Mielke was then put on trial for ordering the shootings of East Germans who were trying to defect to the West.", "was he found guilty?", "In November 1994, the presiding judge closed the proceedings, ruling that Mielke was not mentally fit to stand trial.", "Was he ever jailed?", "At 87 years of age, Erich Mielke was Germany's oldest prison inmate and had been incarcerated for 1,904 days.", "Was he released?", "In 1995, parole officers and Mielke's attorneys argued that he was \"totally confused\" and obtained his release.", "what other reason did they have for releasing him?", "Public Prosecutor of Berlin announced that he was \"not interested in chasing an 87 year old man anymore\"", "could you give me more information about his imprisonment please?", "During his incarceration, at JVA Moabit corrections officers supplied Mielke with a red telephone like the one in his office at Stasi Headquarters.", "Why did he give him the telephone?", "Although it was not connected to the outside world, Mielke enjoyed having imaginary conversations with non-existent Stasi agents.", "What else did he like doing?", "His other favorite pastime was watching game shows on television." ]

[ "Changzhou sesame candy is a kind of special traditional cookie which is very popular among people in local places in Changzhou. During the Tang dynasty, Changzhou locals started to produce a kind of sweets shaped like deep-fried sesame seed balls, hence the similar name.\n\nThere are two stories relating to how the Changzhou sesame candy earned its popularity. The first states that the emperor didn't have a good appetite and didn't feel like eating anything, since nothing pleased him; however, once he tried some sesame candy from Changzhou, he recovered and declared the sesame candy his favorite food. Another story states that during the Song dynasty the emperor was too afraid of fighting to retaliate when the region was invaded, and thus the nation was on the brink of being entirely destroyed. However, a great amount of people made sesame candy to send to the emperor in order to remind him of the importance of the land. This inspired the emperor to fight back at last, and the whole country was saved. Changzhou sesame candy got its name during the Tang dynasty and was usually used for sacrificial rituals.\n\nSee also\n List of sesame seed dishes\n\nReferences\n\nChangzhou\nSesame dishes\nChinese confectionery", "\"Anything\" is a song by rapper Jay-Z that is found on the Vinyl 12\" \"Anything (The Berlin Remixes)\" 1999 with a Remix of DJ Tomekk from Def Jam Germany and later on Beanie Sigel's 2000 album The Truth. It is produced by Sam Sneed and P. Skam, who sample Lionel Bart's \"I'll Do Anything\" for the track's beat and chorus. The sample from Oliver! heavily popularized \"Anything\", as did the Annie sample on \"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\", \"Anything\" was also a bonus track on Jay-Z's album Vol. 3... Life and Times of S. Carter (UK/Europe edition) as is \"Anything (Mr. Drunk Mix)\" on the Japanese version of the album.\n\nJay-Z admitted to Angie Martinez in a 2009 interview on the BET program Food for Thought that he hoped the song would be a success like \"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\" due to their similarities but was surprised when it wasn't, even saying \"I dropped the record and then nothing\". The song did, however, achieve moderate success in the UK reaching #18 on the singles chart. A music video for the song was also released, which was directed by Chris Robinson.\n\n\"Anything (The Berlin Remixes)\"\n\nFormats and track listings\n\nVinyl 12\"\n\nA-side\n \"Anything (GBZ Remix)\"\t\t\n \"Anything (GBZ Remix Instrumental)\"\n\nB-side\n \"Anything (DJ Tomekk Remix)\"\t\n \"Anything (Original Version)\"\t\n \"Anything (Original Version Instrumental)\"\n\nFormats and track listings\n\nCD\n \"Anything (Radio Edit)\"\n \"So Ghetto\"\n \"There's Been a Murder\"\n \"Anything (Video)\"\n\nVinyl\n\nA-side\n \"Anything (Radio Edit) (3:47)\"\n \"Anything (LP Version) (4:47)\"\n \"Anything (Instrumental) (4:48)\"\n\nB-side\n \"Big Pimpin' (Radio Edit) (3:56)\"\n \"Big Pimpin' (LP Version) (4:44)\"\n \"Big Pimpin' (Instrumental) (4:59)\"\n\nCharts\n\nSee also\nList of songs recorded by Jay-Z\n\nReferences\n\n2000 singles\nJay-Z songs\nMusic videos directed by Chris Robinson (director)\nSongs written by Jay-Z\nSongs written by Lionel Bart\nRoc-A-Fella Records singles\n2000 songs" ]

[ "Alfred Adler", "On homosexuality" ]

[ "Adler University is a private not-for-profit university, with two campuses in North America. The university's flagship campus is in Chicago, Illinois, and its satellite campus is located in Vancouver, British Columbia. The university also offers online classes and degree programs online for both masters and doctoral students.\n\nHistory \nAdler University is named for Alfred Adler (1870–1937), a physician, psychotherapist, and founder of Adlerian psychology, which is sometimes called individual psychology. He is considered the first community psychologist, because his work pioneered attention to community life, prevention, and population health.\n\nAmong Adler's advocates and followers was Adler University founder Rudolf Dreikurs (1897–1972), a psychiatrist who immigrated to Chicago in 1937 after Adler's death. Dreikurs lived and worked in Chicago's Hull House, and he was instrumental in the child guidance movement in the U.S.\n\nIn 1952, Dreikurs founded the Institute of Adlerian Psychology that, in 1954, changed its name to the Alfred Adler Institute of Chicago, and in 1991 became known as the Adler School of Professional Psychology, and in 2015 as Adler University. Early instructors and founders of the institute were also Bernard Shulman, Harold Mosak, Bina Rosenberg, and Robert Powers.\n\nIn 1963, the institute was chartered as a not-for-profit Illinois corporation and approved as a post-secondary educational provider. A year later, the institute created a group therapy program for those incarcerated at Cook County Jail, a program that was a precursor to the school's later focus on the incarcerated and the formerly incarcerated. In 1972, the institute established its on-campus Dreikurs Psychological Services Center, a community mental health center and training site for students, which was the precursor to today's Adler Community Health Services (ACHS), directed by Dan Barnes. In 1973, the Illinois Office of Education granted the institute the authority to award the Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology. The institute received full accreditation of masters level programs and awarded its first M.A. degrees in 1978. It received doctoral level accreditation in 1987, and awarded its first Psy.D. degrees in 1990. The Psy.D. program was accredited by the American Psychological Association in 1998. (This accreditation has been maintained, but is limited to the Chicago campus.)\n\nAcademics \nMaster and doctoral programs are offered at both the Chicago and Vancouver campuses. In fall 2013, the Vancouver campus began offering a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology—the first traditional Psy.D. program in Canada.\n\nAdler University's Chicago campus is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and the American Psychological Association.\n\nAll of Adler University's masters and doctoral programs offered at the Vancouver campus are offered under the written consent of the British Columbia Ministry of Advanced Education, having undergone a quality assessment process and been found to meet the criteria established by the Ministry. Doctoral programs at the University's Vancouver campus are not currently accredited by the Canadian Psychological Association.\n\nCampuses \nIn addition to its main campus in downtown Chicago, Adler University also maintains a campus in Vancouver, British Columbia.\n\nCommunity partnerships \nAnnually, Adler University students provide over 650,000 hours of community service. Adler University partners with more than 700 agencies to advance community health. Adler Community Health Services (ACHS) provides psychological services to under-served populations through its clinical training programs.\n\nACHS training programs include the Adler Community Mental Health Doctoral Internship in Clinical Psychology as well as psychotherapy and diagnostic assessment externships, also known as clinical practica. The pre-doctoral internship at ACHS is accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA) and is a member of the Association of Psychology Post-doctoral and Internship Centers (APPIC).\n\nA distinctive feature of Adler's programs, the Community Service Practicum (CSP) is a requirement for all first-year students at the School. The CSP is unique non-clinical experience, meant to expose future practitioners to concepts of social justice and social change, and to instill in them the ethos and the skill set necessary to engage in socially responsible practice.\n\nSee also \n Classical Adlerian psychology\n North American Society of Adlerian Psychology\n Alfred Adler\n Rudolf Dreikurs\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official website\n\nEducational institutions established in 1952\nUniversities and colleges in Chicago\nAdlerian psychology\nPsychology institutes\nGraduate schools in the United States\nPsychology organizations based in the United States\nPrivate universities and colleges in Illinois\n1952 establishments in Illinois", "Alexandra Adler (24 September 1901 – 4 January 2001) was an Austrian neurologist and the daughter of psychoanalyst Alfred Adler. She has been described as one of the \"leading systematizers and interpreters\" of Adlerian psychology. Her sister was Socialist activist Valentine Adler. Alexandra Adler's husband was Halfdan Gregersen.\n\nCareer\nAdler completed her medical studies at the University of Vienna in 1926, and then specialized in psychiatry at the University of Vienna Neuropsychiatric Hospital. She emigrated to the United States in 1935, where she worked as a neurology instructor at the Harvard Medical School. Also in 1935, she established the Journal of Psychology. In 1938, Adler became the medical director of the Alfred Adler Clinic, named after her father. In 1946 she joined New York University College of Medicine's psychiatry department, and became a professor there in 1969. She also served as the president for the American Society of Adlerian Psychology.\n\nMedical Studies \n\nFrom 1928 to 1938, Alexandra Adler conducted an investigation of known cases of encephalitis or encephalomyelitis at the Boston City Hospital. The study included over 100 patients. Patients were only admitted if encephalitis was the sole illness of the individual. The aim of the study was to contribute knowledge for these diseases.\n\nIn 1937, Adler conducted a study along with the Harvard Neurosurgeon, Tracy Jackson Putnam. The study was conducted on the brain of a multiple sclerosis victim, and resulted in new information on how the disease affected the human body. Illustrations from the study are frequently used in medical literature.\n\nIn 1943, Adler studied survivors of the Coconut Grove nightclub fire of 1942. The study found that 50% of the survivors still experienced trauma and disturbances a year after the accident. These symptoms included changes in personality such as lack of sleep, anxiety, guilt and fears of the event. It was also studied that survivors were only recognizing parts of what happened. It would theorized that it was due to the stress or a possible lesion in the brain due to carbon monoxide exposure. Adler became one of the first neurologists to create a detailed documentation of what is known as post traumatic stress disorder.\n\nIn the 1950s and throughout the 60's, Adler continued her father's work of Adlerian psychology for possible treatments for schizophrenia, neuroses, and personality disorders. She believed this could be done through modern drug treatment, group therapy, and the existentialist and religious psychotherapies.\n\nSources\n\n1901 births\n2001 deaths\n20th-century Austrian Jews\n21st-century Austrian Jews\nAustrian neurologists\nWomen neurologists\nAustrian women neuroscientists\nAustrian women psychologists\nJewish women scientists\nAustrian women psychiatrists\nJewish psychiatrists\n20th-century psychologists" ]

[ "Alfred Adler", "On homosexuality", "What is Alfred Adler known for?", "Adler's ideas regarding non-heterosexual sexuality and various social forms of deviance have long been controversial." ]

[ "Sigmund Freud was an influential physician and founder of psychoanalysis who treated patients with psychiatric disorders. His views on homosexuality ascribed biological and psychological factors to explain the principal causes of homosexuality. Sigmund Freud believed that humans are born with unfocused sexual libidinal drives, and therefore argued that homosexuality might be a deviation from this.\n\nOverview\nFreud's most important articles on homosexuality were written between 1905, when he published Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, and 1922, when he published \"Certain Neurotic Mechanisms in Jealousy, Paranoia, and Homosexuality\". Freud believed that all humans were bisexual, by which he primarily meant that everyone incorporates aspects of both sexes, and that everyone is sexually attracted to both sexes. In his view, this was true anatomically and therefore also mentally and psychologically. Heterosexuality and homosexuality both developed from this original bisexual disposition. As one of the causes of homosexuality, Freud mentions the distressing heterosexual experience: \"Those cases are of particular interest in which the libido changes over to an inverted sexual object after a distressing experience with a normal one.\"\n\nFreud appears to have been undecided whether or not homosexuality was pathological, expressing different views on this issue at different times and places in his work. Freud frequently borrowed the term \"inversion\" from his contemporaries to describe homosexuality, something which in his view was distinct from the necessarily pathological perversions, and suggested that several distinct kinds might exist, cautioning that his conclusions about it were based on a small and not necessarily representative sample of patients.\n\nFreud derived much of his information on homosexuality from psychiatrists and sexologists such as Richard von Krafft-Ebing and Magnus Hirschfeld, and was also influenced by Eugen Steinach, a Viennese endocrinologist who transplanted testicles from straight men into gay men in attempts to change their sexual orientation. Freud stated that Steinach's research had \"thrown a strong light on the organic determinants of homoeroticism\", but cautioned that it was premature to expect that the operations he performed would make possible a therapy that could be generally applied. In his view, such transplant operations would be effective in changing sexual orientation only in cases in which homosexuality was strongly associated with physical characteristics typical of the opposite sex, and probably no similar therapy could be applied to lesbianism. In fact Steinach's method was doomed to failure because the immune systems of his patients rejected the transplanted glands, and was eventually exposed as ineffective and often harmful.\n\nViews on attempts to change homosexuality\nFreud believed that homosexuals could seldom be convinced that sex with someone of the opposite sex would provide them with the same pleasure they derived from sex with someone of the same sex. Patients often pursued treatment due to social disapproval, which was not a strong enough motive for change.\n\nFreud wrote in the 1920 paper The Psychogenesis of a Case of Homosexuality in a Woman, that changing homosexuality was difficult and therefore possible only under unusually favourable conditions, observing that \"in general to undertake to convert a fully developed homosexual into a heterosexual does not offer much more prospect of success than the reverse.\" Success meant making heterosexual feelings possible rather than eliminating homosexual feelings.\n\nFemale homosexuality\nFreud's main discussion of female homosexuality was the paper The Psychogenesis of a Case of Homosexuality in a Woman, which described his analysis of a young woman who had entered therapy because her parents were concerned that she was a lesbian. Her father hoped that psychoanalysis would cure her lesbianism, but in Freud's view, the prognosis was unfavourable because of the circumstances under which the woman entered therapy, and because the homosexuality was not an illness or neurotic conflict. \n\nFreud, therefore, told the parents only that he was prepared to study their daughter to determine what effects therapy might have. Freud concluded that he was probably dealing with a case of biologically innate homosexuality, and eventually broke off the treatment because of what he saw as his patient's hostility to men.\n\n1935 letter\nIn 1935, Freud wrote to a mother who had asked him to treat her son's homosexuality, a letter that would later become famous:\n\nSee also\n Conversion therapy\n Homosexuality and psychology\n Sexual Preference\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n Hand-written letter.\n\nSigmund Freud's views\nFreudian psychology\nConversion therapy\nFreud, Sigmund\nPoint of view", "Khalil el-Moumni (; 1 July 1941 – 21 November 2020, Oujda, Morocco) was a Moroccan imam who preached at the An-Nasr Mosque in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. He was a center of controversy for his views on homosexuality, which brought him into open conflict with the Dutch politician Pim Fortuyn.\n\nBiography\nHe was born in Bni Mansour. In Morocco he was banned several times for speaking about \"injustice\" in society.\n\nOn 3 May 2001, he appeared on the Dutch television program Nova to discuss the rising incidence of anti-homosexual violence by Moroccan youths. He said that \"if the sickness of homosexuality spreads itself, everyone can become infected\". \"That's what we are afraid of... Who will still make children if men marry among themselves and women too?\".\n\nLater, various sources reported statements from sermons of his that were published in Arabic in 1998. He said: \"The western civilisation is a civilisation without morals. In the Netherlands it is permitted for homosexuals to marry each other. The Europeans stand lower than dogs and pigs\".\n\nForty-nine individuals and organizations filed official complaints about his statements on the Nova program, under Dutch anti-discrimination laws. However a drawn-out period of reconciliation followed, involving supporters of el-Moumni, Dutch politicians, homosexuals and religious groups, in which he was gradually moved to apologize. He said that some of the Arabic statements were mistranslated.\n\nIn December 2001, the justice ministry decided to prosecute him anyway. On 4 April 2002 a court in Rotterdam announced its verdict: although in principle his statements had been discriminatory against homosexuals, they were permitted on grounds of freedom of religious expression, since they were based on the Qur'an and other Muslim documents. The justice ministry appealed the decision but lost again on 18 November 2002.\n\nJust before reaching the age of 65, el-Moumni ended his 46-year career with a last service in the An-Nasr Mosque on 23 June 2006. In this service el-Moumni called on believers to use the mosque not only for prayer, but also for civil activities.\n\nOn 21 November 2020, el-Moumni died from COVID-19 at the age of 79.\n\nSee also\nIslamic views of homosexuality\n\nReferences\n\n1941 births\n2020 deaths\nDeaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco\nMoroccan imams\nDutch imams\nMoroccan emigrants to the Netherlands\n20th-century imams\n21st-century imams\nPeople from Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima" ]

[ "Alfred Adler", "On homosexuality", "What is Alfred Adler known for?", "Adler's ideas regarding non-heterosexual sexuality and various social forms of deviance have long been controversial.", "What are his views on homosexuality?", "Adler had classified 'homosexuals' as falling among the \"failures of life\"." ]

[ "Fraternal birth order has been correlated with male sexual orientation, with a significant volume of research finding that the more older brothers a male has from the same mother, the greater the probability he will have a homosexual orientation. Ray Blanchard and Anthony Bogaert first identified the association in the 1990s and named it the fraternal birth order effect. Scientists have attributed the effect to a prenatal biological mechanism, since the association is only present in men with older biological brothers, and not present among men with older step-brothers and adoptive brothers. The mechanism is thought to be a maternal immune response to male fetuses, whereby antibodies neutralize male Y-proteins thought to play a role in sexual differentiation during development. This would leave some regions of the brain associated with sexual orientation in the 'female typical' arrangement – or attracted to men. Biochemical evidence for this hypothesis was identified in 2017, finding mothers with a gay son, particularly those with older brothers, had heightened levels of antibodies to the NLGN4Y Y-protein than mothers with heterosexual sons.\n\nThe effect becomes stronger with each additional male pregnancy, with odds of the next son being gay increasing by 38–48%. This does not mean that all or most sons will be gay after several male pregnancies, but rather, the odds of having a gay son increase from approximately 2% for the first born son, to 3% for the second, 5% for the third and so on. Two studies have estimated between 15% and 29% of gay men owe their sexual orientation to this effect, but noted that the number may be higher since prior miscarriages and terminations may have exposed their mothers to Y-linked antigens. It has generally been thought that this maternal response would not apply to first born gay sons and that they may owe their orientation to genes, prenatal hormones and other maternal immune responses which also influence brain development. However, the 2017 lab study found that mothers with no sons had antibodies to male cells, which may be caused by common early miscarriages, and thus induce the effect for a first live born son. A variety of evolutionary explanations for why the response persists have been offered by scientists.\n\nThe few studies which have not observed a correlation between gay men and birth order have generally been criticized for methodological errors and sampling methods. J. Michael Bailey has said that no plausible hypothesis other than a maternal immune response has been identified. The effect is sometimes referred to as the older brother effect.\n\nOverview\nThe fraternal birth order effect has been described by one of its proponents as \"the most consistent biodemographic correlate of sexual orientation in men\". In 1958, it was reported that homosexual men tend to have a greater number of older siblings (i.e., a 'later/higher birth order') than comparable heterosexual men and in 1962, these findings were published in detail. In 1996, Ray Blanchard and Anthony Bogaert demonstrated that the later birth order of homosexual men was solely due to a number of older brothers and not older sisters. They also showed that each older brother increased the odds of homosexuality in a later-born brother by 33%. Later the same year, Blanchard and Bogaert demonstrated the older brother effect in the Kinsey Interview Data, a \"very large and historically significant data base\". In a study published in 1998, Blanchard called this phenomenon the fraternal birth order effect.\n\nResearch over the years has established several facts. First, homosexual men do tend to have a higher birth order than heterosexual men, and this higher birth order is attributed to homosexual men having greater number of older brothers. According to several studies, each older brother increases a male child's naturally occurring odds of having a homosexual orientation by 28–48%. However, the numbers of older sisters, younger brothers, and younger sisters have no effect on those odds. It has been estimated that approximately one in seven homosexual males owes their sexual orientation to the fraternal birth order effect. There seems to be no effect of birth order on sexual orientation in women.\n\nSecondly, the fraternal birth order effect operates through a biological mechanism during prenatal life, not during childhood or adolescence. Direct evidence for this is the fact that the fraternal birth order effect has been found even in males not raised with their biological brothers, and biochemical evidence was found in a lab study in 2017. It has been determined that biological brothers increase the odds of homosexuality in later-born males even if they were reared in different households, whereas non-biological siblings, such as step-brothers or adopted brothers, have no effect on male sexual orientation.\nIndirect evidence also indicates that the fraternal birth order effect is prenatal and biological in nature rather than postnatal and psychosocial: The fraternal birth order effect has been confirmed to interact with handedness, as the incidence of homosexuality correlated with an increase in older brothers is seen only in right-handed males. Since handedness develops prenatally, this finding indicates that prenatal mechanisms underlie the fraternal birth order effect. It has also been found that homosexual males with older brothers have significantly lower birth weights compared to heterosexual males with older brothers. As birth weight is undeniably prenatally determined, it is known that a common developmental factor that operates before birth necessarily underlies the fraternal birth order effect and male sexual orientation.\n\nThirdly, the fraternal birth order effect has been demonstrated in diverse samples such as homosexual males from different ethnicities, different cultures, different historical eras, and widely separated geographic regions. The fraternal birth order effect has been demonstrated in places such as Brazil, Canada, Finland, Iran, Italy, The Netherlands, Samoa, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The effect has also been demonstrated in homosexual men from convenience and representative, national probability samples.\n\nIn a 2017 study, researchers found an association between a maternal immune response to neuroligin 4 Y-linked protein (NLGN4Y) and subsequent sexual orientation in their sons. NLGN4Y is important in male brain development; the maternal immune reaction to it, in the form of anti-NLGN4Y antibodies, is thought to alter the brain structures underlying sexual orientation in the male fetus. The study found that women had significantly higher anti-NLGN4Y levels than men. The result also indicates that mothers of gay sons, particularly those with older brothers, had significantly higher anti-NLGN4Y levels than did the control samples of women, including mothers of heterosexual sons.\n\nEmpirical findings\n\nBiodemographics\nThe fraternal birth order effect is a phenomenon that can be described in one of two ways: Older brothers increase the odds of homosexuality in later-born males or, alternatively, homosexual men tend to have more older brothers than do heterosexual men. It has been found that the proportion of older brothers (i.e., ) is 31% greater in the sibships of homosexual males than in the sibships of heterosexual males. Alternatively, the ratio of older brothers to other siblings (i.e., ) is 47% greater for homosexual males than it is for heterosexual males.\n\nAfter statistically controlling for number of older brothers, homosexual and heterosexual males do not differ in their mean number of older sisters, younger sisters or younger brothers. Older sisters, younger sisters, and younger brothers have no effect on the odds of homosexuality in later born males – they neither enhance nor counteract the fraternal birth order effect. Blanchard and Bogaert (1996) investigated whether homosexual men have a higher mean birth order than heterosexual men primarily because they have more older brothers or because they have more older siblings of both sexes (i.e., both older brothers and older sisters). They confirmed that homosexuality was positively correlated with a man's number of older brothers, not older sisters, younger sisters, or younger brothers. Multiple studies have since confirmed this finding.\n\nIn a few studies, homosexual subjects have occasionally displayed both a larger number of older brothers and a larger number of older sisters in comparison to heterosexual men. This is because a person's number of older brothers and number of older sisters tend to be positively correlated. So, if Proband A has more older brothers than Proband B, chances are that Proband A also has more older sisters than Proband B. These findings of excess of older sisters are hence occasional by-products of homosexual men having an excess of older brothers, are not found as consistently as the excess of older brothers, and thus need not detract from the significance of the fraternal birth order effect. When samples are drawn from populations with relatively high fertility rates, the positive correlation between number of older brothers and older sisters may give the false impression that both the number of older brothers and the number of older sisters are associated with male sexual orientation. Indeed, two samples from the high fertility Samoan population displayed simultaneous fraternal and 'sororal' birth order effects. However, direct comparison of the magnitudes of these two effects showed that the fraternal birth order effect took precedence in the studies. Various studies and meta-analyses have confirmed that only the older brother effect is consistently associated with homosexuality:\n\n A 1998 meta-analysis by Jones and Blanchard investigated whether older sisters have no effect on sexual orientation in later-born males, or simply a weaker effect than older brothers. To this end, they developed competing mathematical models of the two possibilities: they derived two theoretical equations; the first equation applies if sisters have no direct relation to a proband's sexual orientation but brothers do; the second applies if sisters have the same relation to a proband's sexual orientation as do brothers (including no relation). They then compared the fit of these models to the empirical data available at that time and found that the first equation held for homosexual men and the second for heterosexual men. They also concluded that any tendency for homosexual males to be born later among their sisters is, in effect, a statistical artifact of their tendency to be born later among their brothers.\n A 2004 meta-analysis involved 10,143 male subjects of which 3181 were homosexual and 6962 were heterosexual. Its results reinforced the conclusion that homosexual men tend to have more older brothers than do heterosexual men, and the conclusion that differences in all other sibship parameters (older sisters, younger sisters, or younger brothers) are secondary consequences of the difference in older brothers. The same conclusions have been reached with analyses of individual rather than aggregate data, and by independent investigators.\n A 2015 meta-analysis determined that only the older brother effect/fraternal birth order effect was reliably associated with male sexual orientation across previously published studies.\n\nThe fraternal birth order effect is independent of potential confounding factors such as age, year of birth, and socioeconomic status. It has also been found that the fraternal birth order effect can be demonstrated whether the homosexual and heterosexual groups being compared on older brothers both have large or small family sizes, so long as both groups have the same family size (or can be adjusted to simulate that condition). Additionally, to detect the fraternal birth order effect, it is necessary that family size of homosexual and heterosexual groups are not strongly affected by the various parental strategies (so-called 'stopping rules') of ceasing reproduction after one child, after one male child, or after a child of each sex, because in these particular situations, neither homosexual nor heterosexual males have enough older brothers to make comparisons meaningful. For example, a study done in mainland China did not find any fraternal birth order effect, which the authors attributed to the one-child policy.\n\nThe relation between number of older brothers and male homosexuality is not an artifact of higher maternal or paternal age at the time of the proband's birth. This implies that the birth order phenomenon cannot be explained by increased mutation rates in the ova or sperm cells of aging mothers or fathers, respectively.\n\nThe relation between number of older brothers and male homosexuality is also not an artifact of birth interval. Blanchard and Bogaert (1997) conducted a study to investigate whether homosexual men are, on average, born a shorter time after their next-older siblings than are heterosexual men. They found that mean birth intervals preceding heterosexual and homosexual males were virtually identical.\n\nNo type of sibling (i.e., older brothers, older sisters, younger brothers or younger sisters) is reliably related to women's sexual orientation.\n\nQuantitative findings\nResearch on the fraternal birth order effect has shown that for every older brother a male child has, there is a 33% increase in the naturally occurring odds that the male child being homosexual. The naturally occurring odds of a male child (without any older brothers) being homosexual are estimated to be 2%. Thus, if a male with no older brothers has a 2% chance of being homosexual and the fraternal birth order effect increases those chances by 33% for each older brother, then a male with one older brother has a 2.6% chance of being homosexual; a male with two older brothers has a 3.5% chance, and males with three and four older brothers have a 4.6%, and 6.0% chance, respectively.\n\nEstimates of the proportion of homosexual men who owe their sexual orientation to the fraternal birth order effect have ranged from 15.1% to 28.6%. Cantor et al. (2002) found that 0% of homosexual men with no older brothers, 24% of homosexual men with one older brother, 43% of homosexual men with two older brothers, and so on, can attribute their homosexual orientation to the fraternal birth order effect. They also showed that the effect of fraternal birth order would exceed all other causes of homosexuality combined in groups of gay men with 3 or more older brothers and would precisely equal all other causes combined in a theoretical group with 2.5 older brothers. Homosexual men who did not acquire their sexual orientation via the fraternal birth order effect (for example, homosexual men with no older brothers) owe their homosexuality to other causes such as certain polymorphic genes (colloquially called \"gay genes\") or prenatal hormone levels during fetal development.\n\nTiming of the fraternal birth order mechanism\nBoth direct and indirect evidence have demonstrated that the mechanism by which the fraternal birth order effect operates is prenatal in timing and biological in nature, rather than postnatal in timing or psychosocial in nature. Indirect evidence was found first when it was discovered that the fraternal birth order effect interacts with birth weight. Then, Bogaert (2006) produced direct evidence that the fraternal birth order mechanism is prenatal. Subsequent research related to handedness has further reinforced these findings. Evidence that the fraternal birth order effect reflects events during prenatal life is generally consistent with a lack of evidence that it reflects events during postnatal life.\n\nBirth weight\n\nThe finding that the fraternal birth order mechanism operates during a male's prenatal development in the mother's womb arose unexpectedly, in a study of sexual orientation, birth order, and birth weight. Blanchard and Ellis (2001) studied 3229 adult, homosexual and heterosexual, men and women (the probands) whose mothers knew the sex of every child (or fetus) that they were pregnant with prior to the proband. Information on birth weight, maternal gravidity, and other demographic variables was reported on questionnaires completed by the probands' mothers. The study yielded three main observations:\n The heterosexual males with older brothers weighed less at birth than the heterosexual males with older sisters;\n The homosexual males with older brothers weighed less than the heterosexual males with older brothers, and: \n The homosexual and heterosexual males with no older siblings, or older sisters only, did not differ in birth weight.\nEach of these three findings has since been replicated in other studies (and the general finding that boys with older brothers have smaller birth weights than boys with older sisters is in line with earlier studies). These findings suggest that prior male pregnancies influence the development of subsequent male fetuses; that this influence is felt to varying degrees by individual fetuses; and that those fetuses who are most strongly affected by this process, as indicated by their comparatively lower birth weights, are also those most likely to be homosexual. The interaction of fraternal birth order with birth weight (an obviously prenatally determined trait) suggests that the mechanism of the fraternal birth order effect operates before the individual's birth (i.e., in utero). It also shows that, even at the time of birth, there is a physical marker of sexual orientation (i.e., birth weight) that is related to the number of older brothers.\n\nHandedness\n\nBlanchard et al. (2006) produced indirect evidence that the fraternal birth order effect is biological rather than psychosocial in nature: They found, in a sample of 3146 men, that the fraternal birth order effect was contingent on handedness: The effect of older brothers on the likelihood of homosexuality only occurred in right-handed males; the effect of older brothers did not alter the likelihood of being gay in left-handed and ambidextrous men. Later, another study found the fraternal birth order effect may be limited to only moderately right-handed men, as extreme right-handers also did not display a fraternal birth order effect. The finding that fraternal birth order interacts with handedness has been confirmed by subsequent research. As handedness is developed during prenatal life, this suggests that a prenatal mechanism causes increased homosexuality in right-handed male fetuses with older brothers.\n\nMechanism\nIn a 2017 study, researchers found an association between a maternal immune response to neuroligin 4 Y-linked protein (NLGN4Y) and subsequent sexual orientation in their sons. NLGN4Y is important in male brain development; maternal immune reaction to it, in the form of anti-NLGN4Y antibodies, is thought to alter the brain structures underlying sexual orientation in the male fetus. The study found that women had significantly higher anti-NLGN4Y levels than men. The result also indicates that mothers of gay sons, particularly those with older brothers, had significantly higher anti-NLGN4Y levels than did the control samples of women, including mothers of heterosexual sons.\n\nBiological vs. non-biological older brothers\nBogaert (2006) provided a direct test pitting prenatal against postnatal (e.g., social/rearing) mechanisms and sought to determine which of the two account for the fraternal birth order effect. He examined the association between male sexual orientation and biological siblings (i.e., born from the same mother) and non-biological siblings (i.e., adoptive siblings, step-siblings or paternal half-siblings). Whether and how long participants were reared with these siblings was also examined.\n\nIf rearing or social factors associated with older brothers underlie the fraternal birth order effect, then all older brothers (both biological and non-biological) reared with the participant should predict sexual orientation because all of these older brothers share the social/rearing environment with their younger brothers. If a prenatal factor underlies the fraternal birth order effect, then only biological older brothers should predict sexual orientation because only biological older brothers share prenatal characteristics (e.g., gestation by the same biological mother) with their younger brothers. The study found that only biological older brothers predicted sexual orientation. Even when the number of non-biological older brothers significantly exceeded the number of biological older brothers, and hence the opportunity for an effect via being reared with (non-biological) older brothers was high, only the number of biological older brothers and not non-biological older brothers predicted sexual orientation in men.\n\nFurther, if rearing or social factors underlie the fraternal birth order effect, then the amount of time reared with older brothers, either biological or non-biological, should predict sexual orientation because rearing time determines the relative opportunity that older brothers have to affect their younger sibling's (postnatal) sociosexual development. If a prenatal factor underlies the fraternal birth order effect, then a postnatal factor such as rearing time with older siblings (be they biological or non-biological) should have no impact on the sexual orientation of younger male siblings. The study found that the amount of time reared with older brothers, either biological or non-biological, neither predicted sexual orientation nor affected the relationship between older brothers and sexual orientation, thereby pointing to a prenatal origin of the fraternal birth order effect.\n\nFinally, if rearing or social factors underlie the fraternal birth order effect, then the number of biological older brothers with whom the participants were not reared should not predict sexual orientation because they should have no impact on the (postnatal) sociosexual environment of their younger brothers. If a prenatal factor underlies the fraternal birth order effect, then biological older brothers with whom the participants were not reared should still predict sexual orientation because all biological older brothers, even those not reared with the participants, share prenatal characteristics (e.g., gestation by the same mother) with their younger brothers. The study found that the number of biological brothers does predict men's sexual orientation even if the participants were not reared with the biological older brothers.\n\nIn summation, it was found that biological older brothers significantly predicted male sexual orientation regardless of whether or how long participants were reared with these brothers whereas the remaining sibling categories, including non-biological older brothers, did not. These results thus support a prenatal origin to sexual orientation development in men and indicate that the fraternal birth order effect is probably the result of the mother's body's \"memory\" for both male births as well as male gestations (i.e., every instance of being pregnant with a male fetus). So even if a male fetus was not carried to term, he still increases the likelihood of homosexuality in any subsequent male fetuses gestated by the same mother.\n\nUbiquity\nThe existence of the fraternal birth order effect on male sexual orientation has been confirmed many times. One approach for establishing the ubiquity of this effect has been to search for it in a variety of sample types. The repeated finding of the fraternal birth order effect in diverse samples shows that the effect is nearly ubiquitous – with the exception of populations where people do not have older brothers.\n\nThe fraternal birth order effect has been found in homosexual males from different races, including White, Black, Hispanic, East Indian, Asian, Middle Eastern and Polynesian. The effect has also been found in homosexual males from different historical eras, ranging from participants examined in recent years to participants examined decades ago.\n\nThe effect has also been demonstrated in homosexual males from different cultures: Despite how variable cultures can be, cross-cultural universals in the development of homosexual males appear to exist. For example, in Western cultures, homosexual males exhibit comparatively more gender-nonconforming behavior during childhood than heterosexual males. Retrospective studies conducted in Brazil, Guatemala, Independent Samoa, the Philippines, Thailand, and Turkey have found that the same is true of homosexual males raised in these non-Western cultures. Such cross-cultural similarities in childhood behavior support the idea that similar biological influences, which transcend cultural differences, play a role in the development of male homosexuality. This idea would be further supported if it could be demonstrated that causal biological factors, such as the fraternal birth order mechanism (which is biological in nature), are likely to influence the development of male homosexuality in non-Western cultures. Thus, establishing the existence of the fraternal birth order effect — a hypothesized outcome of the fraternal birth order mechanism — in a non-Western culture would further substantiate arguments that similar biological influences underlie the development of homosexuality across cultures. Studies in Western as well as non-Western cultures have demonstrated fraternal birth order effect (as well as fecundity effects) in relation to male homosexuality. The cross-cultural consistency with which these effects have been documented is consistent with the conclusion that culturally invariant, biological processes underlie the development of homosexuality in males.\n\nThe fraternal birth order effect has also been demonstrated in widely separated geographic regions and in countries such as Brazil, Canada, Finland, Iran, Italy, The Netherlands, Independent Samoa, Spain,\nTurkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The effect has additionally been observed in participants examined during childhood as well as adulthood and in patients as well as in non-patient volunteers. The fraternal birth order effect has been demonstrated by Blanchard and colleagues as well as by independent researchers. The demonstration of the fraternal birth order effect in meta-analysis of studies by Blanchard and colleagues, meta-analysis of studies by independent investigators and studies by both Blanchard and other investigators shows that studies of the fraternal birth order effect have been free from experimenter bias. The effect has also been demonstrated in homosexual men from convenience samples and in representative, national probability samples.\n\nMost research on the fraternal birth order effect has been carried out on gay men. However, the fraternal birth order effect has been observed in androphilic transgender women (who were assigned male at birth). Trans women who are exclusively sexually oriented towards men have a greater number of older brothers than trans women who are sexually interested in women. This has been reported in samples from Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Polynesia.\n\nThree studies have investigated whether sexual orientation also correlates with fraternal birth order in men attracted to physically immature males. One study (Bogaert et al., 1997) found that homosexual-bisexual male pedophiles had a later general birth order than heterosexual male pedophiles and this late birth order was primarily due to the homosexual-bisexual group being born later among their brothers than later among their sisters. Another study (Blanchard and Bogaert, 1998) did not confirm a later fraternal birth order for men with sexual offenses against prepubescent boys or girls, but did confirm it for men with offenses against pubescent boys or girls. The inconsistency of these findings regarding the correlation of sexual orientation and fraternal birth order in pedophiles may be related to methodological problems in the two studies. The first study was a retrospective study of sex offenders, which included only those subjects whose clinical charts happened to contain birth order data so the results of the study may have been affected by selection bias. The second study was a reanalysis of archived data from a classic study of sexual offenders from the year 1965. There was minimal recoverable information regarding the subjects' offense histories, and there is a possibility that the sexual preferences of the pedophiles in the study were not accurately classified from the available information.\n\nBlanchard et al. (2000) therefore conducted a study in which data were collected with the specific purpose of examining the relation of fraternal birth order to sexual orientation in homosexual, bisexual and heterosexual pedophiles. Each type of pedophilic group was compared with a control group that consisted of gynephilic men (i.e., men attracted to adult females). The study found that homosexual pedophiles had more older brothers than the gynephilic control group while the bisexual and heterosexual pedophiles did not. These results confirm that fraternal birth order correlates with sexual orientation in pedophiles, as it does in teleiophiles (i.e., people exclusively attracted to adults). The results also confirm that fraternal birth order does not correlate with pedophilia per se: Previous studies had established that the fraternal birth order effect affects what gender a man is sexually attracted to; Blanchard et al. (2000) additionally investigated if fraternal birth order also affects the age of persons to whom a man is attracted. Results from the study indicate that fraternal birth order does not affect the age of preferred erotic targets and that fraternal birth order does not correlate with pedophilia. So the fraternal birth order mechanism only causes males to be attracted to other males; whatever mechanism causes males to be pedophilic as opposed to teleiophilic (i.e., attracted to adults) is different from the fraternal birth order mechanism itself.\n\nOther than fraternal birth order, no common feature has been identified in the developmental histories or family demographics of androphiles and pedophiles, while key features distinguish the two groups, for example, most androphilic males display gender non-conformity during childhood whereas same-sex attracted pedophiles do not. To prevent misunderstanding or misuse of their studies on fraternal birth order in pedophiles, researchers have stressed that any conclusion that homosexual pedophilia shares an etiological factor with androphilia does not imply that ordinary homosexual men (androphiles) are likely to molest boys, any more than the conclusion that heterosexual pedophilia shares an etiological factor with gynephilia would imply that ordinary heterosexual men (gynephiles) are likely to molest girls.\n\nThe finding of the fraternal birth order effect in cisgender and transgender male androphiles, men attracted to boys and those attracted to adult men—same-sex attracted groups who differ as widely as possible in their own characteristics and in the characteristics of their desired partners—would suggest that fraternal birth order (or the underlying variable it reflects) may be the first universal factor to be identified in development of same-sex attraction in males.\n\nOther findings\nBearman and Brückner (2002) argued that studies showing a fraternal birth order effect have used nonrepresentative samples and/or indirect reports on siblings' sexual orientation. Their analysis, focusing on opposite-sex twins, did not find an association \"between same-sex attraction and number of older siblings, older brothers, or older sisters\". A study by Francis (2008), using the same Add Health survey but with broader analysis, saw a very weak correlation of male same-sex attraction with having multiple older brothers (but did find a significant negative correlation of male same-sex attraction with having older sisters i.e., those who experienced a non-zero level of same-sex attraction were significantly less likely to have older sisters).\n\nThe failure of these studies to demonstrate the fraternal birth order effect has been attributed to their methodological flaws. Although they utilized large adolescent samples, the low base rates of same-sex attraction and behaviour in the population resulted in sample sizes that were too small for assessing the relation of birth order to sexual orientation. The fraternal birth order effect may also have been obscured in these studies due to their use of different methods of sexual orientation classification and their imprecise measures of sibships. Ray Blanchard explained that the demonstrability of the fraternal birth order effect depends partly on the adequate matching of the mean family size of the homosexual and heterosexual study groups and noted that in the two studies above, the mean family size of the homosexual groups was significantly smaller than that of the heterosexual comparison groups. Specifically, heterosexual males had larger numbers of siblings overall than the homosexual males which may have obscured the analyses of group differences in older brothers and prevented the demonstration of the fraternal birth order effect. Researchers have thus emphasized the necessity of comparing groups on measures of mean family size and have suggested that, in the two studies, an alternative birth order metric that controlled for sibship size would have produced findings consistent with the fraternal birth order effect. Since the publication of Bearman and Bruckner's study in 2002, studies that used representative national probability samples and direct reports on siblings' sexual orientation have found the fraternal birth order effect.\n\nCurrin et al. (2015) carried out a study investigating the existence of the fraternal birth order effect in a variety of sexual orientation dimensions – namely, identity, attraction, fantasies, and behavior – whereas previous research studied only one such dimension (identity). Participants in the study were split into two groups: a \"heterosexual group\" and a \"non-heterosexual\" group. To determine what label participants used to identify their sexual orientation, participants were asked, \"How would you classify your sexual orientation?\" and selected from one of five options (heterosexual, mostly heterosexual, bisexual, mostly gay/lesbian, gay/lesbian). People who selected \"heterosexual\" were place in the heterosexual group, whereas people selecting \"gay/lesbian\" were placed in the non-heterosexual group. To assess sexual attraction, participants were asked, \"How sexually attracted are you to men?\" and selected from a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 7 (very much). Participants were also asked \"How sexually attracted are you to women?\" and were presented with the same Likert scale. People who selected 1 (not at all) when answering the same sex sexual attraction question were placed in the heterosexual group. People who selected 2 or greater were placed in the non-heterosexual group.\n\nTo assess sexual behavior, participants were asked, \"What is the total number of male sexual partners you have had?\" and \"What is the total number of female sexual partners you have had?\" Sexual partner was defined as someone with whom the participant had penile–vaginal penetration, oral sex, anal sex, and/or mutual masturbation. Individuals who identified having any same-sex sexual partner (i.e., 1 or more) were placed in the non-heterosexual group while individuals who did not identify having a same-sex sexual partner were placed in the heterosexual group. To assess sexual fantasy, participants were asked \"What percent of your sexual fantasies during masturbation involve men?\" and rated the question from 0% to 100%. Each participant was also asked \"What percent of your sexual fantasies during masturbation involve women?\" and rated the question from 0% to 100%. If an individual endorsed having any same-sex sexual fantasies at all (i.e., 1% or greater), they were placed in the non-heterosexual group, otherwise they were placed in the heterosexual group. Using these criteria for sexual orientation identity, attraction, fantasies, and behavior, Currin et al. (2015) were unable to demonstrate the effect for any dimensions in their sample of 722 right-handed men (of which 500 were classified as heterosexual and 122 were classified as non-heterosexual), although the study did adjust for family size differences between the two groups. A 2017 meta-analysis analyzed studies about the fraternal birth order effect including Currin et al. (2015). The meta-analysis had a total sample of 7140 homosexual males and 12,837 heterosexual males. The results of the meta-analysis confirmed the reliability of the fraternal birth order effect.\n\nFrisch et al. (2006) did not find a correlation between older brothers and same-sex unions between men in a sample of over 2 million Danes. Instead, researchers found a correlation between such unions and having an excess of older sisters. Frisch cautioned that one cannot interpret findings about the correlates of heterosexual and homosexual marriage as if they were findings about the correlates of heterosexual and homosexual orientation. Ray Blanchard performed a reanalysis of Frisch's data using procedures that have been used in prior studies of fraternal birth order. According to his analysis, \"the only group whose data resembled data from previous studies was the homosexually married males\", reaffirming the birth order effect. He further criticized drawing conclusions from data of married persons, since heterosexually married persons also have \"markedly different older-sibling sex ratios\" than heterosexually oriented persons.\n\nTheories about the fraternal birth order mechanism\n\nAnthony Bogaert's work involving adoptees concludes that the effect is not due to being raised with older brothers, but is hypothesized to have something to do with changes induced in the mother's body when gestating a boy that affects subsequent sons. This is because the effect is present regardless of whether or not the older brothers are raised in the same family environment with the boy. There is no effect when the number of older brothers is increased by adopted brothers or stepbrothers. It has been hypothesized that this is caused by an in-utero maternal alloimmune response, specifically, the mother's immune system becoming sensitized to H-Y antigens involved in the sexual differentiation of male vertebrates, and producing antibodies that attack these antigens. Specifically, maternal antigens to the neuroligin NLGN4Y protein, Y-chromosone protein important in male fetal brain development, have been found to be involved in the fraternal birth order effect.\n\nSee also\nBiology and sexual orientation\nBirth order\nHandedness and sexual orientation\nH-Y antigen\nPrenatal hormones and sexual orientation\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nHuman development\nSexual orientation\nSibling", "Absolutely, Positively Not, also known as Absolutely, Positively Not Gay is the first book by author David LaRochelle. The book centers on a 16-year-old homosexual boy, who struggles with his sexual feelings.\n\nPlot summary \nSteven DeNarsky, a 16-year-old Superman fan, starts to develop sexual feelings for his substitute homeroom teacher, Mr. Bowman. Steven tries to reassure himself by buying such magazines like Playboy and the Victoria's Secret catalog, and dating several attractive girls. Unable to bottle his emotions any longer, he confesses to his friend, Rachel, that he is gay. To his surprise, Rachel and her entire family had previously assumed that Steven was gay, and already waited for him to tell her. Rachel urges Steven to create a gay/lesbian alliance club at their high school, but Steven is not optimistic about completely \"coming out of the closet\". Steven later does reveal that he is gay to both his parents, who don't think much of it. Steven eventually accepts his homosexuality by attending a teen gay/lesbian club, but mistakenly goes when it is specifically a lesbian meeting. Despite this, he has a good time and decides to embrace his homosexuality.\n\nReception \nThe novel was well received by Booklist Review and School Library Journal.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Scholastic Profile\n IBlist Profile\n Barnes and Noble Profile\n\n2005 American novels\nAmerican young adult novels\nAmerican LGBT novels\n2000s LGBT novels\nLGBT-related young adult novels\n2005 debut novels" ]

[ "Alfred Adler", "On homosexuality", "What is Alfred Adler known for?", "Adler's ideas regarding non-heterosexual sexuality and various social forms of deviance have long been controversial.", "What are his views on homosexuality?", "Adler had classified 'homosexuals' as falling among the \"failures of life\".", "Does he think homosexuality has any relation to birth order?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Kurudumale is a village in the Mulbagal taluk, Kolar district of Karnataka state, India. It is located about 10 km from the mulubagal town, northerly. The giant, thirteen and a half foot sculpture of kurudumale Ganesha and the Someshwara temple of lord Shiva attract thousands of visitors from the surrounding states. This place was believed to be the place where Devas would descend from the heavens for recreation on earth.\n\nThere is another temple dedicated to Shiva called the Someshwara temple which is also situated in Kurudumale. The interesting thing about this temple is that it is built of a rock without any foundations. Another interesting thing is the architectural style of the temple; this temple is considered to be older than the Ganesha temple and was built during the Cholas period. Half of the temple has different style of carving, believed to have been done by artist Jakanachari and the other half is believed to have been carved by his son Dankanachari. The part of the temple supposedly built by Dankana's has statues and carvings which are more intricate and sophisticated.\n\nGallery\n\nHindu temples in Kolar district\nVillages in Kolar district", "Shahandasht Waterfall, is a waterfall in Amol, Iran, and is near Shahan Dasht village 65 kilometers from Amol, next to the Haraz Road from Amol to Tehran.\nThe height of Shahandasht waterfall is about 180 meters. It is the second-highest waterfall in Iran, and the most interesting thing about this waterfall is that water never stops falling from it, even during the cold and breezy winter. If you are planning to have a visit of Shahandasht Waterfall, it is good to know that there is the magnificent Malek Bahman Fort just nearby it.\n\nSources\n Iran Traveller Magazine - Waterfall, Page 21, printed issue: 12433\n\nReferences\n\nWaterfalls of Iran\nTourist attractions in Amol\nTourist attractions in Mazandaran Province" ]

[ "Alfred Adler", "On homosexuality", "What is Alfred Adler known for?", "Adler's ideas regarding non-heterosexual sexuality and various social forms of deviance have long been controversial.", "What are his views on homosexuality?", "Adler had classified 'homosexuals' as falling among the \"failures of life\".", "Does he think homosexuality has any relation to birth order?", "I don't know.", "what is the most interesting thing about this article?", "Towards the end of Adler's life, in the mid-1930s, his opinion towards homosexuality began to shift." ]

[ "A shift dress is a dress in which the cloth falls straight from the shoulders and has darts around the bust. It frequently features a high scoop or boat neck. Shift dresses are often confused with the sheath dress, which is form-fitting and shaped by tucks on the waist area. Shift dresses became popular in western fashion in the 1920s and were revived in the 1960s. They are most flattering on body types that are more like columns.\n\nHistory\nThe shift dress gained popularity during the western flapper movement in the 1920s. Changing social norms meant that young women could choose a style of dress that was easier to move and dance in, and the shift dress marked a departure from previously fashionable corset designs, which exaggerated the bust and waist while restricting movement.\n\nIt went out of fashion during wartime, and the post war era, where western women's fashion was typified by Christian Dior's New Look, which again featured an exaggerated bust, hips and waist at the expense of comfort.\n\nThe shift dress made a comeback in the 1960s, popularised by Hubert de Givenchy's design for Audrey Hepburn's Breakfast at Tiffany's dress, and Lilly Pulitzer's designs for Jacqueline Kennedy. This coincided with the start of second wave feminism which brought in a renewed desire for freedom and versatility.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n How to Wear a Shift Dress – Style tips at Resort 365 by Lilly Pulitzer\n\nDresses", "A nonlinear-feedback shift register (NLFSR) is a shift register whose input bit is a non-linear function of its previous state.\n\nFor an n-bit shift register r its next state is defined as:\n\n,\n\nwhere f is the non-linear feedback function.\n\nApplications\nNonlinear-feedback shift registers are components in modern stream ciphers, especially in RFID and smartcard applications. NLFSRs are known to be more resistant to cryptanalytic attacks than Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs).\n\nGenerating\nIt is known how to generate an n-bit NLFSR of maximal length 2n, generating a De Bruijn sequence, by extending a maximal-length LFSR with n stages; but the construction of other large NLFSRs with guaranteed long periods remains an open problem. Using bruteforce methods, a list of maximum-period n-bit NLFSRs for n ≤ 25 has been made as well as for n=27.\n\nNew methods suggest usage of evolutionary algorithms in order to introduce non-linearity. In these works, an evolutionary algorithm learns how to apply different operations on strings from LFSR to enhance their quality to meet the criteria of a fitness function, here the NIST protocol, effectively.\n\nSee also\nNLFSR-based ciphers:\n Achterbahn\n Grain\n KeeLoq algorithm\n LIZARD\n Trivium\n VEST\n\nReferences \n\nStream ciphers\nRadio-frequency identification" ]

[ "Bob Knight", "Dismissal from Indiana" ]

[ "Alban Dorrinton (24 December 1800 – 28 November 1872) was an English cricketer. Dorrinton's batting style is currently unknown.\n\nBorn at West Malling, Kent, he was the son of Thomas Dorrinton. Dorrington made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Kent against Sussex in 1836 at the Royal New Ground, Brighton. In a match which Sussex won by seven wickets, he was last man out when he was dismissed for a duck in Kent's first-innings, while in their second-innings he was again the last man out when he was dismissed for 4 runs when he was run out.\n\nHe died in the town of his birth on 28 November 1872. His brother William Dorrinton also played first-class cricket.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1800 births\n1872 deaths\nPeople from West Malling\nEnglish cricketers\nKent cricketers", "British Leyland UK Ltd v Swift [1981] IRLR 91 is a UK labour law case, concerning unfair dismissal, now governed by the Employment Rights Act 1996.\n\nFacts\nMr Swift was dismissed when one of the company's car's tax discs was found in his vehicle. Mr Swift was convicted of a crime, and the employer dismissed him. Mr Swift claimed the dismissal was unfair.\n\nThe Tribunal found that Mr Swift was guilty of gross misconduct but the dismissal was unfair because it was too severe a penalty for years of good service.\n\nJudgment\nLord Denning MR held that the decision was perverse and would be reversed. He noted the tribunal said: \n\nHowever, Lord Denning MR said the Tribunal did not take account of the fact that Swift did not come clean when he was found out, and he lied about what he had done. A reasonable employer could have dismissed him.\n\nSee also\n British Leyland Motor Corp. v. Armstrong Patents Co.\n\nNotes\n\nUnited Kingdom labour case law\nHouse of Lords cases\n1981 in case law\n1981 in British law\nBritish Leyland" ]

[ "Bob Knight", "Dismissal from Indiana", "when was he dismissed", "On September 13, Knight said goodbye to a crowd of some 6,000 supporters" ]

[ "Nikolay Yevgenievich Solovtsov (; born 1 January 1949) is a retired Russian Strategic Missile Forces colonel general.\n\nHe joined the Soviet Armed Forces in 1966. He graduated from the Rostov Higher Military Command Engineering School named after the Chief Marshal of Artillery M. I. Nedelin (1966–1971), the Dzerzhinsky Military Academy (of the SRF)(1974–1977); The academic courses of the same academy (1984), and the Military Academy of the General Staff (1991, external). He was promoted to colonel general in 1995.\n\nHe commanded the 35th Rocket Division (1984–89), the 53rd Rocket Army, and later became Commander, Strategic Rocket Forces (April 27, 2001 - July–August 2009). He was the first officer to occupy the post as Commander, rather than as Commander-in-Chief, of the SRF. In early 2009 Solovtsov said that 96% of all Russian ICBMs were ready to be launched within a minute's notice.\n\nSolovtsov was dismissed in July–August 2009. Speculation over why Solovtsov was dismissed included opposition to further cuts in deployed nuclear ballistic missile warheads below the April 2009 figure of 1,500, the fact that he had reached the retirement age of 60, despite that he had recently been extended another year's service, or the failure of the Russian Navy's Bulava missile.\n\nReferences\n\n1949 births\nSoviet major generals\nRussian colonel generals\n\nLiving people\nPeople from East Kazakhstan Region", "Collins v Royal National Theatre Board Ltd [2004] EWCA Civ 144; [2004] IRLR 395 is a case under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. It concerns the duty of an employer to make reasonable accommodations for a disabled employee.\n\nFacts\nMr Collins lost part of his finger in an accident at the Royal National Theatre’s carpentry shop, making his hand clumsy. He had worked there 18 years. He refused surgery and was dismissed.\n\nJudgment\nSedley LJ held that there was a failure on the Theatre's part to make reasonable adjustments.\n\nOn a technical point, he held that reasons why the employer had not made any effort to adjust the workplace for the employee could not be brought up in argument if they had already been dismissed when looking at whether there was a duty to make reasonable adjustments in the first place.\n\nSee also\nUK employment discrimination law\nUK labour law\nHuman Rights Act 1998\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links\nRoyal National Theatre's website\n\nUnited Kingdom labour case law\nUnited Kingdom equality case law\nUnited Kingdom disability case law\nCourt of Appeal (England and Wales) cases\n2004 in case law\n2004 in British law\nRoyal National Theatre" ]

[ "Bob Knight", "Dismissal from Indiana", "when was he dismissed", "On September 13, Knight said goodbye to a crowd of some 6,000 supporters", "why was he dismissed", "Neil Reed claimed he had been choked by Knight during a 1997" ]

[ "Sergio Santos Hernández (born November 1, 1963) is an Argentine professional basketball coach who most recently served as the head coach of the Argentina national basketball team and Casademont Zaragoza of the Spanish Liga ACB.\n\nHead coaching career\n\nPro clubs\nAs a head coach, Hernández has won numerous titles over his career. They include: 6 Argentine League championships (2000, 2001, 2004, 2010, 2011, 2012), the South American League championship (2001), 3 Argentine Cups (2003, 2004, 2010), the Top 4 Tournament (2004), the South American Club Championship (2004), and 2 FIBA Americas League championships (2008, 2010).\n\nOn November 3, 2020, he has signed with Casademont Zaragoza of the Spanish Liga ACB.\n\nArgentina national team\nHernández was the head coach the senior men's Argentina national basketball team from 2005 to 2010. He succeeded Rubén Magnano in the position, and was the team's head coach at the 2006 FIBA World Championship, the 2008 FIBA Diamond Ball (where the team won the gold medal), the 2008 Summer Olympics (where the team won a bronze medal), and at the 2010 FIBA World Championship (where Argentina finished in 5th place).\n\nAfter his contract to coach the Argentina national team expired in 2010, Hernández did not accept the 4–6 years renewal offered by the Argentine Basketball Federation, therefore ending his tenure as the national team's head coach. He did, however, return to the team as an assistant coach for the 2012 Summer Olympics.\n\nHe then returned as the head coach of Argentina for the 2015 FIBA Americas Championship, where he led Argentina to a silver medal. He was also the head coach of Argentina at the 2016 Summer Olympics.\n\nIn 2019, he coached the Argentina´s team that won the 2019 Pan American gold medal in Lima.\n\nIn 2019, Hernandez coached the men's Argentina national basketball team at the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup, where he led Argentina to a silver medal; securing them a spot in the 2020 Summer Olympics.\n\nReferences\n\n1963 births\nLiving people\nArgentine basketball coaches\nArgentine expatriate basketball people in Brazil\nOlympic coaches\nSportspeople from Bahía Blanca", "Dan Arnold Killian (February 5, 1880 – January 15, 1953) was an American football and baseball coach. He served as the head football coach at Louisiana State University (LSU) from 1904 to 1906, compiling a record of 8–6–2. Killian was also the head coach of the LSU baseball team from 1905 to 1906 (tallying a mark of 14–9), as well as head coach of the LSU Tigers track and field team from 1905 to 1906. He also served as athletic director.\n\nKillian was a graduate of the University of Michigan, where he lettered as a shortstop in baseball in 1902. He also reportedly played quarterback on the football team, but if he did, he apparently did not qualify for a letter.\n\nIn 1906 he left coaching \"to do sporting work for a newspaper\" in Chicago.\n\nHe died in Lansing, Michigan in 1953.\n\nHead coaching record\n\nFootball\n\nBaseball\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1880 births\n1953 deaths\nCollege track and field coaches in the United States\nLSU Tigers football coaches\nLSU Tigers baseball coaches\nLSU Tigers and Lady Tigers track and field coaches\nLSU Tigers and Lady Tigers athletic directors\nUniversity of Michigan alumni\nPeople from Allegan, Michigan\nCoaches of American football from Michigan\nBaseball coaches from Michigan" ]

[ "Bob Knight", "Dismissal from Indiana", "when was he dismissed", "On September 13, Knight said goodbye to a crowd of some 6,000 supporters", "why was he dismissed", "Neil Reed claimed he had been choked by Knight during a 1997", "where did he coach", "Indiana University" ]

[ "In United States law, the term Glomar response, also known as Glomarization or Glomar denial, refers to a response to a request for information that will \"neither confirm nor deny\" (NCND) the existence of the information sought. For example, in response to a request for police reports relating to a certain individual, the police agency may respond with the following: \"We can neither confirm nor deny that our agency has any records matching your request.\"\n\nIn national or subnational freedom of information policies, governments are often required to tell people who request information (e.g. journalists or attorneys) whether they located the requested records, even if the records end up being kept secret. But at times, a government may determine that the mere act of truthfully disclosing that the records do or do not exist would pose some actual or possible harm, such as to national security, the integrity of an ongoing investigation or a person's privacy. For example, disclosing that a police department has documents about a current investigation into a criminal conspiracy, even if the content of the documents is not disclosed, would make it public that the investigation is happening and could help suspects destroy evidence.\n\nGlomar responses are commonly associated with the United States Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), which generally dictates how federal agencies must disclose information. The term \"Glomar\" originated in association with the FOIA law. Lower courts have thus far ruled the Glomar response to have potential merit if the secretive nature of the material truly requires it, and only if the agency provides \"as much information as possible\" to justify its claim. Otherwise, the principles established in FOIA may outweigh claims to secrecy.\n\nOrigin of the term\nThe phrase itself, \"neither confirm nor deny\", has long appeared frequently in news reports, as an alternative to a \"no comment\" response when the respondent does not wish to answer. In 1911, for example, the Boston and Maine Railroad told the Boston Globe it would \"neither confirm nor deny\" reports about its future plans. In 1916, Ford representatives said they would \"neither confirm nor deny\" that price cuts were in the offing for its popular Model-T automobile. When the governor of Kansas was questioned in 1920 about a report addressing a state official's potential ouster, he responded that he would \"neither confirm nor deny\" the report's existence.\n\nAs a \"Glomar\" response\n\nThe USNS Hughes Glomar Explorer was a large salvage vessel built by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) for its covert \"Project Azorian\"—an attempted salvaging of a sunken Soviet submarine. In February 1975, aware of the pending publication of a story in the Los Angeles Times, the CIA sought to stop the story's publication. Journalist Harriet Ann Phillippi requested that the CIA provide disclosure of both the Glomar project and its attempts to censor the story, to which the CIA chose to \"neither confirm nor deny\" both the project's existence and its attempts to keep the story unpublished. This claim stood, and Phillippi's Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request was rejected, though when the Ford administration was replaced by the Carter administration in 1977 after the 1976 presidential election, the government position on the particular case was softened and both of Phillippi's claims were confirmed.\n\nThe \"Glomar response\" precedent still stood, and has since had bearing in FOIA cases such as in the 2004 lawsuit American Civil Liberties Union v. Department of Defense, wherein Federal Judge Alvin Hellerstein rejected the Department of Defense and CIA's use of the Glomar response in refusing to release documents and photos depicting abuse at Abu Ghraib prison.\n\n\"Glomar\" is the syllabic abbreviation of Global Marine, the company commissioned by the CIA to build the Glomar Explorer.\n\nAccording to a Radiolab podcast, the original text of the Glomar response was written by Walt Logan (pseudonym), who was at that time an Associate General Counsel at the CIA. So as not to divulge to the Soviet Union either what the CIA knew or did not know, the response read: \n\nWe can neither confirm nor deny the existence of the information requested but, hypothetically, if such data were to exist, the subject matter would be classified, and could not be disclosed.\n\nThe original text of the CIA's reply of May 21, 1975, to Phillippi's FOIA request, seems to have been:\nMr. Duckett has determined that, in the interest of national security, involvement by the U.S. Government in the activities which are the subject matter of your request can neither be confirmed nor denied. Therefore, he has determined that the fact of the existence or non-existence of any material or documents that may exist which would reveal any CIA connection or interest in the activities of the Glomar Explorer is duly classified Secret in accordance with criteria established by Executive Order 11652. Acknowledgement of the existence or non-existence of the information you request could reasonably be expected to result in the compromise of important intelligence operations and significant scientific and technological developments relating to the national security, and might also result in a disruption in foreign relations significantly affecting the national security.\n\nIn 2014, the CIA opened its Twitter account with, \"We can neither confirm nor deny that this is our first tweet.\"\n\nSee also\n\n No comment\n Policy of deliberate ambiguity\n Plausible deniability\n Warrant canary\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nFreedom of Information Act (United States)\nPhrases\nde:Freedom of Information Act#Glomar-Antwort", "Dr Junaid Ismail Dockrat is a South African Dentist who has recently been listed by the UN Security Council as a terror suspect along with his cousin Farhad Ahmed Dockrat for the alleged links with the terrorist organization Al-Qaeda. This was at the request of the United States Government who describe he and Farhad Ahmed Dockrat as being terrorism \"facilitator(s) and terrorist financier(s)\". He currently resides in Mayfair, a suburb of Johannesburg. The South African Government has requested proof that he and his cousin are indeed involved with Al-Qaeda and the pair deny the claims.\n\nNotes\n\nSouth African dentists\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)" ]

[ "Bob Knight", "Dismissal from Indiana", "when was he dismissed", "On September 13, Knight said goodbye to a crowd of some 6,000 supporters", "why was he dismissed", "Neil Reed claimed he had been choked by Knight during a 1997", "where did he coach", "Indiana University", "did he deny the claims", "Knight denied the claims in the story." ]

[ "On August 4, 2015, 16 policemen died in a helicopter accident in northwestern Colombia. The Colombian Defense Minister, , stated that the crash was most likely caused by bad weather.\n\nThe flight was part of an operation against Clan Úsuga, a criminal organization composed of former right-wing paramilitary group members. Two other helicopters flew on the same mission but did not encounter difficulties and did not hear any hostile fire.\n\nAftermath\nThe helicopter crash happened 4 days after a Colombian Air Force CASA/IPTN CN-235 transport airplane crashed in Cesar Department, killing all 11 service members aboard. So far in 2015, 35 members of the military or police have been killed in 5 separate accidents involving aircraft. The spate of casualties have led to questions about the efficacy of the military's air operations procedures. A debate was organized in the Congress of Colombia to discuss the accidents, and the Defense Minister and Air Force Commander were called upon to testify. An investigation found that the helicopter may have been shot down.\n\nReferences\n\nAviation accidents and incidents in 2015\nAccidents and incidents involving the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk\nHelicopter crash\n2015 helicopter crash\nAccidents and incidents involving helicopters\nAugust 2015 events in South America", "On 14 October 2015, a suicide bombing killed at least 7 people and injured thirteen others in Taunsa Sharif, Punjab, Pakistan. The attack took place inside the political office of Pakistan Muslim League (N) MNA Sardar Amjad Farooq Khan Khosa, who was not present. Sardar Khosa, who was attending a meeting in Islamabad, said he did not receive any threat or alert prior to the blast. A Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan splinter group, Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, claimed responsibility for the attack.\n\nSee also\nList of terrorist incidents, 2015\nTerrorist incidents in Pakistan in 2015\n\nReferences\n\n2015 murders in Pakistan\n21st-century mass murder in Pakistan\nTerrorist incidents in Pakistan in 2015\nMass murder in 2015\nOctober 2015 events in Pakistan" ]

[ "Bob Knight", "Dismissal from Indiana", "when was he dismissed", "On September 13, Knight said goodbye to a crowd of some 6,000 supporters", "why was he dismissed", "Neil Reed claimed he had been choked by Knight during a 1997", "where did he coach", "Indiana University", "did he deny the claims", "Knight denied the claims in the story.", "did he have any other incidents", "According to Harvey, Knight then grabbed him by the arm and lectured him for not showing him respect," ]

[ "The Zapple doctrine pertained to a particular sort of political speech in the United States, for which a candidate or his supporters bought air time but the candidate himself did not actually participate in the broadcast. The content could be supportive of the candidate, or be used to criticize his political opponent(s). It went into effect in 1970.\n\nThe Zapple doctrine came into existence as an addition to the FCC fairness doctrine. The fairness doctrine was a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) policy instated in June 1949. It required broadcasters to present multiple viewpoints about controversial matters of public importance. For the first time, radio station licensees were permitted to editorialize, but only if two or more perspectives were included. (The fairness doctrine replaced the previous Mayflower doctrine, which did not allow any editorial content at all.)\n\nOrigin\nThe FCC's political broadcasting rules required that equal time be offered to all political candidates, and only to the candidates. Candidate supporters and spokespeople were excluded from the provisions of the equal-time rule.\n\nIn May 1970, U.S. Senate Commerce Committee counselor Nicholas Zapple argued to the FCC that the fairness doctrine must also be applicable to a political candidate's spokesperson and supporters. In other words, if one candidate's supporters were allowed to buy air time, then supporters of opposing candidates should have the opportunity to buy a comparable amount of air time for their candidate(s). Similarly, if a broadcasting station gave free air time to a political candidate, then that broadcaster should be required to offer free coverage to the opposing candidate too. \n\nIn order to uphold the spirit of the fairness doctrine, the FCC responded by ruling that all similar parties must have \"quasi-equal opportunity\", that is, they should be treated similarly. This decision became known as the Zapple ruling, and eventually, the Zapple doctrine. Under the terms of Section 315 of the Communications Act of 1934, 23 FCC 2d 707 (1970), the Zapple doctrine applied to purchase of broadcast time by major political party candidates only.\n\nDemise of the fairness doctrine\nBy 1985, the FCC was concerned that the fairness doctrine might have a chilling effect, which was the very opposite of the policy's original intent of encouraging fair and balanced coverage: \"In order to avoid the requirement to go out and find contrasting viewpoints on every issue raised in a story, some journalists simply avoided any coverage of some controversial issues.\" In addition, journalists felt that it infringed on their rights of free speech under the First Amendment. In August 1985, the FCC decided to suspend the fairness doctrine (it was an FCC policy but not mandated by Congress).\n\nZapple doctrine 1985–2014\nAlthough the fairness doctrine was suspended, the Zapple doctrine remained in effect as an FCC ruling for the next three decades.\n\nWisconsin election complaint\nOn May 23, 2012, the FCC was asked to respond to a political programming complaint, made against a broadcast licensee, Capstar TX LLC (a subsidiary of Clear Channel Communications, now iHeartMedia) by supporters of Tom Barrett, the Democratic candidate for Governor of Wisconsin. The Barrett supporters alleged that Capstar would not give them any free airtime on its radio station WISN (AM), in order to respond to statements previously aired on WISN in support of Scott Walker, the Republican candidate for office in the 2012 election. Walker's supporters had received free air time from WISN and its affiliate WTMJ (AM) for political campaigning purposes. Barrett supporters based their complaint on WISN's violation of the Zapple doctrine.\n\nThe FCC responded on May 8, 2014, acknowledging that WISN had refused to provide air time to Barrett campaign supporters, in violation of the Zapple doctrine. However, the FCC ruled that there was no violation of the law: \"Given the fact that the Zapple Doctrine was based on an interpretation of the fairness doctrine, which has no current legal effect, we conclude that the Zapple Doctrine similarly has no current legal effect.\"\n\nUnenforcable\nIn re: Capstar TX LLC was the catalyst for the FCC's decision that the Zapple doctrine was not enforcable.\n\nThe agency [FCC] tasked with protecting the public interest in broadcasting has decided that WISN and WTMJ, two publicly-licensed radio stations in Milwaukee, were allowed to give away all the free time they wanted to the supporters of one candidate (in this case, Gov. Walker), without allowing supporters of his Democratic recall opponent (Tom Barrett) any free airtime at all.\n\nReferences\n\nMass media regulation\nPolitical mass media in the United States\nUnited States communications regulation\nBroadcast law\nFederal Communications Commission", "Old Indonesia Derby (commonly known as El Clasico Indonesia or Indonesia Super Big Match) is the name given in football to any match between fierce rivals Persija Jakarta and Persib Bandung. The rivalry between the two teams began to heat up since the 2000s. with the hostility of supporters, and has spread both sides as a prestigious match in Indonesian Football.\n\nOrigin \nBefore Indonesia's independence, in 1930 a football association in Indonesia called the Inlandsche Stedenwedstrden was held, the football clubs Persib Bandung and Persija Jakarta met several times, but the matches were normal. After Indonesia's independence, clubs in Indonesia began to form again and a football association in Indonesia was again organized called the Perserikatan in 1950 to 1995. At that time meetings between the two clubs were also rare, Persib Bandung had several hot matches but with PSMS Medan, the competition they can be called a classic derby, Persib Bandung several times stepped into the final which was held at the Gelora Bung Karno Stadium and their supporters always filled the stands, Persija Jakarta at that time did not have many fans, until in the late 1990s Persija Jakarta fans were formed, in the 2000s clashes between supporters often occurred and caused problems, here the competition spread to teams and clubs until now many events occur.\n\nResults\n\nOfficial match results \n\nSource: \n\nData Incomplete\n\nPerserikatan era\n\nLiga Indonesia era\n\nHead-to-head results overall\nUpdate 1 Maret 2022Data Incomplete\n\nRecords \nData from 2007-08 Liga Indonesia Premier DivisionAs 10 July 2019\n\nMost appearances\n Players in bold are still active\n\nTop goalscorer\n Players in bold are still active\n\nClean sheet\n Players in bold are still active\n\nMen in both teams\nNote: \n Since Liga Indonesia era (1994 - present)\n Players in bold are still active\n\nPlayers who played for both clubs\n\nPersija then Persib\n\nPersib then Persija\n\nHead coaches who coached for both clubs\n \nsource:\n\nHonours\n\nSupporters\nTheir supporters have never met after the start of hostilities between supporters of Persija and Persib in the 2000s, to date. Many conflicts occur including the death of one of the supporters and clashes which resulted in injury.\n\nPersija Jakarta\nPersija Jakarta's supporters called The Jakmania. Founded in 1997 by Gugun Gondrong and Ferry Indrasjarief with orange colour as their identity. The Jakmania is one of the biggest football club supporters in Indonesia.\n\nPersib Bandung\nPersib Bandung fans often refer to themselves as Bobotoh, this name comes from the Sundanese language. Literally as people provide support, spirit and encouragement, for those who do the match. There are several groups of Persib Bandung supporters but the most famous and the beginning of hostility with Persija Jakarta supporters is the Viking Persib Club (VPC).\n\nTragedy \nTwo biggest tragedy occurred on March 5 2012, when Rangga Cipta Nugraha was beaten to the ground with a stadium bench only because he cheered happily when the Persib player scored, some say that the blood on his head did not stop pouring even until he was put into a grave.\n\nAnother tragedy happened on September 23, 2018, when before the match begins, one of the Jakmania members, Haringga Sirla, was killed by some unscrupulous host fans. Condolences for Haringga also flowed from the netizens throughout social media. In response to the incident, the Football Association of Indonesia forced Persib Bandung to pay a IDR 100 million (US$6,634) fine and play the remainder the team's home matches of the 2018 season behind closed doors.\n\nReconciliation\nUntil now, many parties want these two supporters to unite, but there are still many who provoke either from The Jakmania or Bobotoh, whether on social media or in real life. The dark past makes these two supporters difficult to unite, even to the point that there is a slogan, \"Biarkan Permusuhan Ini Tetap Abadi\", which means, \"Let This Feud Remain Eternal\" from one of the main figure Bobotoh frontman.\n\nSee also\nSports rivalry\nList of association football rivalries\nNationalism and sport\nLiga 1 (Indonesia)\nEastern Green and Western Green Derby\n\nReferences\n\nPersija Jakarta\nPersib Bandung\nIndonesia Super League\nSport in Jakarta\nBandung" ]

[ "Bob Knight", "Dismissal from Indiana", "when was he dismissed", "On September 13, Knight said goodbye to a crowd of some 6,000 supporters", "why was he dismissed", "Neil Reed claimed he had been choked by Knight during a 1997", "where did he coach", "Indiana University", "did he deny the claims", "Knight denied the claims in the story.", "did he have any other incidents", "According to Harvey, Knight then grabbed him by the arm and lectured him for not showing him respect,", "did he have any supporters", "crowd of some 6,000 supporters in Dunn Meadow at Indiana University." ]

[ "Byron Eric Kennedy (18 August 1949 – 17 July 1983) was an Australian film producer known for co-creating the Mad Max series of films with George Miller.\n\nEarly life\nByron Kennedy was born in Melbourne. At the age of 18, he formed his own production company named \"Warlok Films\" and produced many amateur short films under this logo. In 1970, at the age of 21, he won The Kodak Trophy, Australia's Ten Best on Eight, for the short film \"Hobson's Bay\", a short documentary film about the Melbourne port suburb of Williamstown. This award enabled him to travel overseas and gain invaluable knowledge of the international film/television industry. Upon his return he embarked upon a television and film course at the University of New South Wales.\n\nGeorge Miller\n\nKennedy met George Miller at the University of Melbourne in 1969. The first mini-film made by both was Violence in the Cinema, filmed in Yarraville, Melbourne. The film won international acclaim and this led to the formation of the new film company \"Kennedy Miller\", which was incorporated in 1975 with both George Miller and Byron Kennedy as co-directors.\n\nTheir first major movie together was the international smash hit Mad Max (1979). This film set a record for the highest-grossing film relative to budget, a record which was only broken with the advent of The Blair Witch Project (1999).\n\nIn 1981, Kennedy produced the film Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior, the sequel to Mad Max, which grossed over $100 million worldwide.\n\nDeath\n\nIn 1983, at the age of 33, Kennedy was killed at Warragamba Dam in New South Wales, Australia, when the helicopter he was piloting crashed.\n\nLegacy\n\nIn his honour, the Australian Film Institute, with George Miller as a panel member, established the Byron Kennedy Award. This award is bestowed upon those whose work is marked by their pursuit of excellence within the film and television industry and is sponsored by Kennedy Miller, Warner Bros., Village Roadshow, Greater Union, Cinemedia, and Steven Spielberg.\n\nThe film Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome is dedicated to Kennedy.\n\nHis original co-production company, Kennedy Miller, is now called Kennedy Miller Mitchell.\n\nFilmography\n\nMotion pictures\nViolence in the Cinema, Part 1 (1971)\nThe Last of the Knucklemen (1977)\nMad Max (1979)\nMad Max 2 (1981)\n\nMiniseries\nThe Dismissal (1983), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia\nBodyline (1984), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia\nThe Cowra Breakout (1985), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia\nVietnam (1987), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia\nThe Dirtwater Dynasty (1988), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia\nBangkok Hilton (1989), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1949 births\n1983 deaths\nAccidental deaths in New South Wales\nAustralian film producers\nAustralian film studio executives\nUniversity of New South Wales alumni\nVictims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1983\nVictims of helicopter accidents or incidents in Australia", "Western Excavating (ECC) Ltd v Sharp [1978] ICR 221 is a UK labour law case, concerning unfair dismissal, now governed by the Employment Rights Act 1996.\n\nFacts\nMr Sharp was suspended without pay for 5 days because of his absences. This put him in financial difficulty, the welfare officer would not help, and so he quit so he could collect holiday pay immediately. He then claimed constructive unfair dismissal.\n\nThe Employment Tribunal held that the company ‘ought to have leant over backwards’ to help Mr Sharp. One member, dissenting, argued Mr Sharp should have again visited the welfare officer. The Employment Appeal Tribunal upheld the ruling, but only on the basis that the Tribunal had made findings of fact that were apparently not perverse.\n\nJudgment\nThe Court of Appeal reversed the Tribunal and held that Mr Sharp had not been constructively dismissed at all. Lord Denning MR noted that there was a dispute about how to assess what was a constructive dismissal, partly as Megaw LJ in Turner v London Transport Executive [1977] ICR 952, 964, said that the test for whether there was a dismissal under what is now the Employment Rights Act 1996 section 95(1)(c) was the same as whether the dismissal was fair. But instead the ordinary ‘contract test’ should apply so that a dismissal must first be established as follows. According to Lord Denning MR,\n\nHence, the Tribunal’s ‘whimsical’ decision was wrong, because they failed to separate the question of fairness from whether there was a dismissal. Mr Sharp left of his own accord.\n\nSee also\n\nUK labour law\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nUnited Kingdom labour case law\nCourt of Appeal (England and Wales) cases\n1978 in case law\n1978 in British law" ]

[ "Bob Knight", "Dismissal from Indiana", "when was he dismissed", "On September 13, Knight said goodbye to a crowd of some 6,000 supporters", "why was he dismissed", "Neil Reed claimed he had been choked by Knight during a 1997", "where did he coach", "Indiana University", "did he deny the claims", "Knight denied the claims in the story.", "did he have any other incidents", "According to Harvey, Knight then grabbed him by the arm and lectured him for not showing him respect,", "did he have any supporters", "crowd of some 6,000 supporters in Dunn Meadow at Indiana University.", "was he mad about the dismissal", "He asked that they not hold a grudge against Harvey and that they continue to support the basketball team." ]

[ "C. M. Ismail (dates of birth and death unknown) was a Burmese cricketer, although where he was born is unknown. It is also unknown what his batting and bowling styles were.\n\nIsmail made his only first-class appearance for Burma against the Marylebone Cricket Club in February 1927. He was dismissed for 19 runs in Burma's first-innings by Maurice Tate and in their second-innings he was dismissed for 31 by George Brown. With the ball he took two wickets in the MCC first-innings, those of George Geary and Raleigh Chichester-Constable.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nC. M. Ismail at ESPNcricinfo\nC. M. Ismail at CricketArchive\n\nBurmese cricketers\nYear of birth missing\nPlace of birth missing\nYear of death missing\nPlace of death missing", "H.G. Nicolson (dates of birth and death unknown) was a Burmese cricketer, although where he was born is unknown. It is also unknown what Nicolson's batting and bowling styles were.\n\nNicolson made his first-class debut for Rangoon Gymkhana in their only first-class match, which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in February 1927. In this match he scored 32 runs in the Gymkhana's first-innings, before being dismissed by Maurice Tate, while in their second-innings he scored 37 runs before being dismissed by Bob Wyatt. Nicolson also kept wicket in the match. Two days after the conclusion of that match, Nicolson made his second and final first-class appearance for Burma against the MCC. He was dismissed for a duck in Burma's first-innings by Maurice Tate and in their second-innings he was dismissed for 2 by the same bowler.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nH.G. Nicolson at ESPNcricinfo\nH.G. Nicolson at CricketArchive\n\nBurmese cricketers\nRangoon Gymkhana cricketers" ]

[ "Bob Knight", "Dismissal from Indiana", "when was he dismissed", "On September 13, Knight said goodbye to a crowd of some 6,000 supporters", "why was he dismissed", "Neil Reed claimed he had been choked by Knight during a 1997", "where did he coach", "Indiana University", "did he deny the claims", "Knight denied the claims in the story.", "did he have any other incidents", "According to Harvey, Knight then grabbed him by the arm and lectured him for not showing him respect,", "did he have any supporters", "crowd of some 6,000 supporters in Dunn Meadow at Indiana University.", "was he mad about the dismissal", "He asked that they not hold a grudge against Harvey and that they continue to support the basketball team.", "what year was he dismissed", "2000" ]

[ "Curtis Knight (May 9, 1929November 29, 1999), born Mont Curtis McNear, was an American musician who is known for his association with Jimi Hendrix.\n\nKnight was a singer in the 1960s Harlem R&B music scene, usually fronting his own band, the Squires. In 1965, with Hendrix as guitarist, he recorded some singles and demos for record producer Ed Chalpin. Chalpin also signed Hendrix to a management contract, which Hendrix soon forgot about and left for England in 1966 to form the Jimi Hendrix Experience. After Hendrix became famous, Knight and Chalpin issued hundreds of albums of the recordings with Hendrix, resulting in years of legal action by both sides.\n\nDuring the 1970s, after Hendrix's demise, Knight moved to London, where he formed the group \"Curtis Knight, Zeus\", and toured throughout Europe, relying on his Hendrix connection for many years. Among the musicians enlisted was Fast Eddie Clarke, who later joined Motörhead.\n\nIn 1974, Knight authored a biography Jimi: An Intimate Biography of Jimi Hendrix. He also wrote a second book on Hendrix, titled Starchild, published in the mid-1990s. In 1992, Knight relocated to the Netherlands where he continued to record up to his death from cancer in November 1999.\n\nFamily background\nKnight is related to singer Barbara McNair who is reportedly his cousin.\n\nPartial discography\nIn 2003, Hendrix's estate finally prevailed in their legal actions against Chalpin and gained control of all of Hendrix's recordings associated with Knight, Chalpin, and PPX. Experience Hendrix, which currently manages Hendrix's recording legacy, has begun releasing the material he recorded with Knight. Much of it has been sonically restored and removes later overdubs and electronic effects.\n\nSingles\n\"Voodoo Woman\" / \"That's Why\"Curtis Knight (1961, Gulf)\n\"You're Gonna Be Sorry\" / \"Little Doe-Doe\"Curtis Knight (1962, Shell)\n\"Ain't Gonna Be No Next Time\" / \"More Love\"Curtis Knight (1965, RSVP)\n\"How Would You Feel\" / \"Welcome Home\"Curtis Knight (1965, RSVP)\n\"Hornet's Nest\" / \"Knock Yourself Out\"Curtis Knight and the Squires (1966, RSVP)\n\"You Don't Want Me\" / \"How Would You Feel\"Curtis Knight and Jimi Hendrix (1967, Track Records)\n\"Hush Now\" / \"Flashing\"Jimi Hendrix and Curtis Knight (1967, London Records)\n\"Day Tripper\" / \"Love, Love\"Jimi Hendrix and Curtis Knight (1967, London Records)\n\"Ballad of Jimi\" / \"Gloomy Monday\"Curtis Knight and Jimi Hendrix (1970, London Records)\nAlbums\nGet That Feeling\"Jimi Hendrix Plays and Curtis Knight Sings\" (1967, Capitol Records)\nFlashing\"Jimi Hendrix Plays and Curtis Knight Sings\" (1968, Capitol Records)\nLove, Peace & Freedom (1972, Decca)\nYou Can't Use My Name: The RSVP/PPX SessionsCurtis Knight and the Squires (2015, Legacy Recordings)\nLive at George’s Club 20 1965 & 1966Curtis Knight Featuring Jimi Hendrix (2017, Dagger Records)\nNo Business - The PPX Sessions Volume 2Curtis Knight and the Squires (2020, Dagger Records)\n\nNotes\nCitations\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1929 births\n1999 deaths\nPeople from Fort Scott, Kansas\nAmerican male musicians\nJimi Hendrix\n20th-century American musicians\nMusicians from London\n20th-century male musicians", "\"I Feel a Song (In My Heart)\" is a song written by Tony Camillo and Mary Sawyer. The song was originally recorded by Sandra Richardson in 1971\n\nGladys Knight & the Pips recording\nIn 1974, the song was recorded by Gladys Knight & the Pips and was from the album I Feel a Song. The single spent two weeks at number one on the Hot Soul Singles chart in late 1974. It also peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. The original version of this song was recorded. The version by Gladys Knight and the Pips, which was faithful to the original interpretation, was therefore the fourth outing for the song.\n\nChart positions\n\nOther recordings\nThe song was subsequently by Linda Carr as well as the Stairsteps (whose lyrics were more spiritual), all of whom, like Gladys Knight, recorded for the Buddah label,\n\nSamples\n\"I Feel a Song (In My Heart)\" was later sampled by Darkchild for Megan Rochell's song \"Heartbreak\".\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n[ Song Review] on Allmusic\n\n1974 singles\nGladys Knight & the Pips songs\n1974 songs\nBuddah Records singles\nSongs written by Tony Camillo" ]