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5,938 |
We have no way to know that the cultists burned the house; it could have been
the BATF and FBI. We only have the government's word for it, after all, and
people who started it by a no-knock search with concussion grenades are hardly
disinterested observers.
--
"On the first day after Christmas my truelove served to me... Leftover Turkey!
On the second day after Christmas my truelove served to me... Turkey Casserole
that she made from Leftover Turkey.
[days 3-4 deleted] ... Flaming Turkey Wings! ...
-- Pizza Hut commercial (and M*tlu/A*gic bait) | 15 | trimmed_train |
3,867 | Here's the updated list of the stuff I still have for sale. Also, feel free to
make an offer. I'm asking $15 per board.
Currently known Electronic mother boards from old arcade games:
Game Name Condition Manufacturer
------------------------------------------------------------
-1-
TenYard Fight ? Iren
TenYard Fight Bad(internal short) Iren
Kangaroo ? Sun Electronics?
-2-
Mr.Do Okay,but has interference ?
Guardian
Tip Top ? Sega
Bank Panic ? Sega
Sanritsu ? Sega
*Radar Scope Okay Nintendo?
-3-
Poseidon ? Taito
Ninjakun Bad(needs capacitor&crystal) ?
Jass Rack ? Jamma
Double Dribble ?
-6-
Zoar Okay ?
Super Trivia Bad (got fried) Greyhound Electronics
-9-
Slither Has error message Century II Corp.
-10-
Music Trivia ? JALECO
Samurai Fore Groud char. disapear Taito
Poseidon Okay Taito
-11-
Ant Eater ? Tago Electronics
Up n Down buzzing sound ?
Tutankham Bad Konami
Pro Wrestling Okay
Video Trivia ? GrayHound
Asteron Belt ? Sega
Unknown boards
Sega (1)
Konami (1)
Pacific Novelty Manufacturing Inc (9)
(if anyone has the rom numbers for these boards, please tell me)
1 absolutely unknown board
--Misc Stuff--
Somekind of powersupply(similar to atary audio reg.) ?
Ram Card ? Midway
Midway Patter Board
Z-80 Sync Buss Controller-285 (2)
Pacman Filters (16) ? Midway
50pin scsi cable(2)
(both ends are female)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 5 | trimmed_train |
6,707 | We are not at the end of the Space Age, but only at the end of Its
beginning.
That space exploration is no longer a driver for technical innovation,
or a focus of American cultural attention is certainly debatable; however,
technical developments in other quarters will always be examined for
possible applications in the space area and we can look forward to
many innovations that might enhance the capabilities and lower the
cost of future space operations.
The Dream is Alive and Well. | 10 | trimmed_train |
9,341 | Could we plase cease this discussion. I fail to see why people feel the need
to expound upon this issue for days and days on end. These areas are not meant for this type of discussion. If you feel the need to do such things, please
take your thought elsewhere. Thanks. | 4 | trimmed_train |
4,552 |
The commercial uses of a transportation system between already-settled-
and-civilized areas are obvious. Spaceflight is NOT in this position.
The correct analogy is not with aviation of the '30's, but the long
transocean voyages of the Age of Discovery. It didn't require gov't to
fund these as long as something was known about the potential for profit
at the destination. In practice, some were gov't funded, some were private.
But there was no way that any wise investor would spend a large amount
of money on a very risky investment with no idea of the possible payoff.
I am sure that a thriving spaceflight industry will eventually develop,
and large numbers of people will live and work off-Earth. But if you ask
me for specific justifications other than the increased resource base, I
can't give them. We just don't know enough. The launch rate demanded by
existing space industries is just too low to bring costs down much, and
we are very much in the dark about what the revolutionary new space industries
will be, when they will practical, how much will have to be invested to
start them, etc.
| 10 | trimmed_train |
1,639 | While there may not be a part number for the CD300i drive, I have seen
a part number for the bezel kit (a new front panel with the slot in it
through which you insert the CD). The document (which I got from the
2/10/93 announcement at our Apple office) states the drive kit and bezel
kits are separate items and the bezel kit has an SRP of $149 fro the C650.
The external unit may be a better deal after all. | 14 | trimmed_train |
5,647 | There is some controversy in my denomination as to what authority is vested
in the pastor. I am still forming my opinion. I am solicing opinions, and
references for what that is, how much, and how it should be used.
As a general reference, I would not exclude responses from different
denominations based on Biblical teachings, but you have to understand our
church is independent, protestant and likely to be much different from those
that follow ecclesiastical authority in the church. We may need to discuss
the roles of deacons and elders.
Thanks for your replies.
| 0 | trimmed_train |
4,020 |
I don't think that this is accurate. I believe, and could be wrong, that
there IS a specific right allegedly to have been violated, like the
14th or due process or whatever.
Double jeopardy does not apply, but not for the reasons you quote. Double
jeopardy states that a person may not be tried twice on the same charge.
However, the police are not on trial for the crime of excessive force
or assault. They are NOW on trial for the DIFFERENT crime of violating
Mr. King's civil rights.
AS for the city and county or state trying you more than once,
it most likely will not happen. This is because cities and states
have separate laws governing behaviour. For example, in some states,
it is an offence to carry marijuana, but not a city offence. Also,
I think murder is against federal, but not some state laws. | 13 | trimmed_train |
8,168 | Some kind soul told me that I could change the serial port buffer size
of Zterm via ResEdit. He did not tell me HOW I could change it using
ResEdit, and I have lost his e-mail address.
Could he or any one else please tell me what to do?
I assume that the relevant resource is zSet, but I do not know, and
I have no template for that resource. If you have a TMPL for the correct
resource, I would be grateful to receive it. That way, I could play around
a bit and maybe get my Duo to do something useful with its serial port.
(other than Appletalk).
BTW, I believe that when the port stats says that maximum in buffer is
3074 bytes, that that means increasing the buffer will help, if you are
using hardware handshaking. I can cram text data pretty fast into my Duo,
and can monitor that CTS is being lowered, but the buffer never gets beyond
3074 (out of 4096) bytes. Makes sense to me. | 14 | trimmed_train |
2,545 | Was the article about zionism? or about something else. The majority
of people I heard emitting this ignorant statement, do not really
know what zionism is. They have just associated it with what they think
they know about the political situation in the middle east.
So Steve: Lets here, what IS zionism? | 6 | trimmed_train |
8,254 |
I'll drink to that.
Nice to see Steve still has his high and almighty intellectual prowess
in tact.
Yawn...
Exactly my question to you, Steve. What's your point? This person had
one, you didn't
Nice to see that some things never change, Steve, if you aren't being
ignorant in one group [*.alternative] you're into another. One positive
thing came out of it, you are no longer bothering the folks in
*.alternative, it's just a shame that these people have to suffer so
that others may breath freely. | 19 | trimmed_train |
7,015 |
During the regular season, when the intensity is down, not many teams
have forwards who will continually go and park themselves in front of
the opposing teams net...and the inadequacy of the Leafs defense in
this regard thus didn't matter...however, the playoffs are a different
story...every good team is going to have players who are going to
become potted plants in front of Potvin...and the Leafs relatively
unphysical defensive core will finally be exposed as weak an inept.
Hard work will go a long way during the regular season...almost
to 100 points...and the Leafs deserve credit for that...but in the
playoffs talent matters, because everyone begins working hard. | 17 | trimmed_train |
5,225 |
There is a premium of approx $200 for the controller. What is nice is
being able to run hard disks, tape drives, cd-roms and scanners of
one dma channel and interupt!
SCSI makes sense is you are going to load up a machine, if you just want
a standard box for Windows then IDE makes sense.
I have one loaded box that uses SCSI and run Unix and one standard box
that runs DOS/Windows that uses IDE.
[ By standard I mean - 486, 4-8MB RAM, 200MH disk, S3 video ]
I beleive this last bit is just plain wrong!
Guy | 3 | trimmed_train |
10,702 |
About 18 months ago, I heard a report on NPR about a 900-number
"1-900-STO-PPER" or some such, for placing untraceable calls.
You call them, and on "bong" tone dial the number you want to
call; they told the NPR interviewer that nothing short of a
court order (which they'd fight) would make them release their
records.
Matt Healy
"I pretend to be a network administrator;
the lab net pretends to work" | 7 | trimmed_train |
2,378 | op that worked was the "Macintosh
|> >Software" loop (whatever that means).
|>
|> I doubt this is a Quadra-specific problem. I had to get
|> rid of my "venerable" Bernoulli 20 last year (with enough
|> cartridges purchased at ~$90 each to make the whole thing
|> worth more than my whole computer ;). The tech support guys
|> at Ocean Microsystems suggested that some third-party drivers
|> might fix the problem - in my case the cartridges wouldn't
|> format/mount/partition for A/UX.
hat the Megadrives worked perfectly on both my
Mac Plus and my Powerbook 140. It was for this reason I assumed
the problem had something to do with the Quadra. Even with the
Quadra, they mostly worked OK. The problem occurred when I ejected
a cartridge from a drive: it would start popping up dialog boxes
saying "This cartridge must be formatted with Jasmine Driveware"
even though there was no cartridge in the drive.
--Mark
t to format) I have this confirmed from Apple Computer in Sweden (I work for a Apple dealer as a service tech). We had problems that Quadras wanted to format a diskette or a Syquest when ther was nothing in the drive. This problem was fixed sytem 7.1
Mikael Fredriksson
-------------------------------------------------
email: [email protected]
Mac Exchange BBS
PL 3813
S-437 92 Lindome
Sweden
BBS +46-31-948290 (5 lines)
FAX +46-31-948294
FIDO 2:203/211
<Disclaimer: Mac Exchange BBS cannot be held responsible for the contents of this message>
| 14 | trimmed_train |
8,014 | 19 | trimmed_train |
|
9,381 | =======
FORSALE
=======
CPM Computers:
1. Model AMPRO A13001 Rev A, with or without 2 720K 5 1/4" floppy drives and
system disks. Z80 processor.
2. Unknown brand. w/Miniscribe Model 1006 hard drive. 1/2 height 8" Shugart
model 810 floppy drive. Keyboard. System disks.
Also:
2 - 8" Shugart model 801 floppy drives.
Also:
Commodore 64 computer, 1541 disk drive.
Will sell in whole or in parts. Buyer pays shipping.
To make offers, either email [email protected] or call (716) 741-9272, and
ask for Jonathan. | 5 | trimmed_train |
9,734 | Does anybody have informations about the
W 86 C 451 and W 86 C 456 chips (40pin DIL pckg)?
They are build in a multifunction io-card for pc.
Thanks
Dirk
--
------------------------------------------------------------
Dirk Junghanns [email protected] | 11 | trimmed_train |
9,351 |
Legal or not, I've seen it done. Phone records were obtained
in order to *establish* probable cause, rather than as a result of it.
In other words, for a fishing expedition.
And does the phone company require written, subpoena-able evidence
of probable cause in order to process the request? I suggest that
the officer was disinterested in pursuing your case -- even if you
could prove the offender had called you at a certain time, your
chances of winning a harassment suit on the strength of this evidence
are nil. My contact with several people who have dealt with cases
of extreme phone harassment (several thousand calls in one case) teaches
me that police in this area are quite lethargic about pursuing such matters.
| 7 | trimmed_train |
10,935 | Hey everybody:
I want to buy a mac and I want to get a good price...who doesn't? So,
could anyone out there who has found a really good deal on a Centris 650
send me the price. I don't want to know where, unless it is mail order or
areound cleveland, Ohio. Also, should I buy now or wait for the Power PC.
Thanks.
BoB
reply via post or e-mail at [email protected]
--
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Robert Novitskey | "Pursuing women is similar to banging one's head
[email protected] | against a wall...with less opportunity for reward" | 14 | trimmed_train |
1,678 | I have a Conner-disk model CP30061G (200Mb ??) with no info at all. The only thing I know is that
is normally used with Compaq-machines.
Please, send me information on switch-settings, geometry and so on.
It looks like a normal IDE-disk but is it possible to use it with a standard IDE-controller??
-- Michael
| 3 | trimmed_train |
8,891 |
We're probably stuck, as Mike Burger pointed out that the baseball
deal was made far in advance of the NHL contract. WABC did the same
thing; they were thankful that the Devils were wiped out by 9:30,
because they had to switch over to Yankees baseball. The proof of
the reasons for this is left to the reader ...
It's too bad, but I wonder if ESPN is stuck with other US local team
coverage for their alternate games? We got NESN's coverage of the
Bruins-Sabres with the Boston homers ... they were awful!!! I've read
that Derek Sanderson is the colour analyst ... I wonder if he spent
his early years after hockey as an intern at PRAVDA before landing
this job? *Everything* had to be twisted into something good to say
about the Bruin(s) involved ... not even Bill Wirtz's shills on SC
Chicago (Pat Foley, Dale Tallon) were this bad. And just to be fair,
SC used to take their feed from ESN (Empire Sports Network), the Sabre
homers and they were horrible too ... but they were spacy.
From the CNN highlights, I hear Chris Cuthbert's voice from the CBC
coverage of the Habs-Nords series. Too bad that we couldn't get it
on ESPN, with all due respect to the Sabres and the Bruins.
Mike Emrick is substituting on the Devils SCNY team for Gary Thorne.
Mike was the original Devils TV play-by-play announcer, by the way.
gld | 17 | trimmed_train |
6,023 |
...the question is: for how long? Even if the FBI had done nothing, I guess the
BDs would have committed suicide, but maybe not until hunger and thirst gave them
the choice between sucide or surrender.
The BDs was warned in beforehand about the FBI action. They HAD the chance to
surrender and get a fair trial. No matter who started the fire, the BDs were
responsible for 80+ peole dying. No one else.
| 9 | trimmed_train |
6,129 |
Just an comment: I don't like it when people decide what's good for me...
If you think you're going to decide anything for me, you'd better be
carrying a badge and a gun. Who made you capable of determining if there
is "no way in hell that anybody is going anywhere"? Why do you find
it necessary to add to the problem instead of just minding your own
business? If someone is minding their own business, I will give them
all the room they want, and I'll try to make things easy for them, even
letting them in in front of me if they ask politely (with a directional).
On the other hand, if someone like you decides they want to block me and
be a general asshole, you can bet your ass that I'll make life as
miserable as possible for you, as long as it doesn't affect anyone else
who's minding their own business.
They have a phrase to describe someone like you:
Self Appointed Traffic Police.
Just mind your own business and stay in the right lane where you belong.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
___
/ _ \ '85 Mustang GT Bob Pitas
/ /USH 14.13 @ 99.8 [email protected]
/ /| \ Up at NED, Epping, NH (Cambridge, MA)
"" - Geddy Lee (in YYZ)
Disclaimer: These opinions are mine, obviously, since they end with my .sig! | 4 | trimmed_train |
4,363 |
1. Dont rely on benchmarks. They often show incorrect due to different
TSR programs.
2. SCSI often needs a driver to get the speed from the card.
3. Make sure the card is operating in synchronus mode which is 2x faster.
4. You can disable disconnect and get some kB/s but just to loose the mouse
or other int`s when diskaccesing.
(I get 2.3MB/s with DX50 LB and SCSI LB and Maxtor LXT340SY - Coretest)
(I get 1.3MB/s - Sysinfo) | 3 | trimmed_train |
4,983 | Does anyone know of a dead first generation MR2? I need body parts, steering
rack, and a few minor pieces. I was about to buy a parts car, but the owner
backed out after 3 month of pulling my leg. ARRRRgh.
Mike.S
| 4 | trimmed_train |
4,260 | Played in Scandinavium, Gothenburg, April 15 1993:
==================================================
SWEDEN - FINLAND 6-6 (1-2,3-1,2-3)
1st: SWE 1-0 Peter Popovic (Markus Naslund) 6:10
FIN 1-1 Ville Siren (Keijo Sailynoja) 8:44 (pp)
FIN 1-2 Juha Riihijarvi (Timo Saarikoski,Vesa Viitakoski) 13:12 (pp)
2nd: FIN 1-3 Jari Korpisalo (Kari Harila,Rauli Raitanen) 6:48
SWE 2-3 Jan Larsson (Mikael Renberg,Stefan Nilsson) 7:25
SWE 3-3 Hakan Ahlund (Thomas Rundqvist) 8:56
SWE 4-3 Roger Akerstrom (Roger Hansson) 9:13
3rd: SWE 5-3 Stefan Nilsson (Patrik Juhlin,Charles Berglund) 2:20
FIN 5-4 Keijo Sailynoja 9:23
FIN 5-5 Keijo Sailynoja 9:44 (ps)
SWE 6-5 Mikael Renberg (Hakan Ahlund,Thomas Rundqvist) 17:16
FIN 6-6 Jari Korpisalo 17:44
Shots on goal: Penalties: Attendance: Referee:
Sweden 8 10 10 - 28 5*2min 6,799 Peter Andersson
Finland 12 10 11 - 33 6*2min,1*10min (Sweden)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sweden opened the scoring as Markus Naslund made a drop pass at the Finnish
blue line, Popovic picked it up and advanced towards the Finnish goal and
shot a nice hard wrist shot in Ketterer's top corner. Ville Siren's slap
shot from the blue line on power play made it 1-1, and Juha Riihijarvi
scored a nice goal in another power play when he close in front of goal
put the puck high over Aslin, 1-2 after the first period.
The Finns started the second period with really good pressure. Korpisalo
made it 1-3 with another goal from close range high over Aslin. Then,
during the Finnish pressure, Sweden turned the game around in 1:47.
Mikael Renberg worked hard behind the Finnish goal, and passed the puck to
Jan Larsson in front, who backhanded the puck low, 2-3. Rundqvist entered
the Finnish zone and passed to Ahlund, and the Finnish defense let Ahlund
skate in and take a shot that Ketterer dropped into the goal, 3-3.
Next, Roger Hansson -behind the goal- sent the puck back to the blue line
where Roger Akerstrom took a slap shot and Ketterer didn't see the puck since
there was traffic in front, 4-3.
Third period started with a nice goal by Stefan "the Shadow" Nilsson. Stefan
and Patrik Juhlin entered the Finnish zone, Patrik passed the puck back to
Stefan who alone with Ketterer made no mistake, 5-3.
Then, Keijo Sailynoja show started. He reduce and equalized the lead in only
21 seconds! First he scored the 5-4 goal, and after that he came in alone
with Aslin but was tripped by Aslin to get a penalty shot. Sailynoja
made a nice penalty shot, showed forehand and put in with a low backhand shot.
The Swedes seemed to head for a win when Mikael Renberg scored the 6-5 goal
late in the game on a nice power play combination. Renberg waited in the slot,
showed that he wanted the puck on the backhand side, Ahlund passed the puck
and Renberg took a turnaround shot low in Ketterer's goal's far side.
But Jari Korpisalo had other plans as he only 28 seconds later scored the
game's final goal to make it 6-6. Korpisalo took a slap shot from a narrow
angle that -maybe- Aslin should have saved.
All in all, a decent game where the defense wasn't the best.
Both teams juggled around the lines a bit in the second and third period
to try no combinations.
Renberg and Rundqvist plays well together in the Swedish team. Larsson-
Nilsson-Juhlin best line overall again, it seems to be a working WC line.
Stillman good on defense.
Some players aren't good enough for the WC though. Hakan Ahlund (faell ner
hjaelmen och jobba!), Roger Hansson, Challe Berglund, Kenny Jonsson
will likely have to leave for NHL pros.
Two-goal scorers Jari Korpisalo and Keijo Sailynoja played well in the
Finnish team. Markus Ketterer didn't have a very good game, we've seen him
a lot better, so Lindfors is probably Finland's starting goalie in the WC.
I heard that Esa Tikkanen will join the Finnish team. It would be inter-
resting to know which other pros coach Matikainen counts on for the WC.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Starting lines:
SWEDEN FINLAND
35. Peter Aslin 30. Markus Ketterer
8. Kenneth Kennholt 2. Mikko Haapakoski
14. Fredrik Stillman 3. Ville Siren
10. Hakan Ahlund 28. Jarkko Varvio
9. Thomas Rundqvist 40. Mika Nieminen
29. Mikael Renberg 18. Keijo Sailynoja
27. Roger Akerstrom 4. Erik Hamalainen
7. Arto Blomsten 8. Kari Harila
20. Jan Larsson 25. Rauli Raitanen
4. Stefan Nilsson 26. Petri Varis
5. Patrik Juhlin 14. Jari Korpisalo
3. Peter Popovic 5. Timo Jutila
32. Stefan Larsson 44. Harri Laurila
11. Roger Hansson 24. Juha Riihijarvi
33. Fredrik Nilsson 22. Timo Saarikoski
24. Peter Ottosson 11. Vesa Viitakoski
6. Pasi Sormunen
12. Janne Laukkanen
19. Markus Naslund 29. Juha Ylonen
21. Peter Forsberg 27. Timo Peltomaa
18. Jonas Bergqvist 17. Marko Palo
Played parts of the game:
22. Charles Berglund 15. Mika Alatalo
6. Kenny Jonsson 16. Saku Koivu
20. Marko Palo
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 17 | trimmed_train |
8,349 |
There are roughly 1200 fatal, firearms-related accidents each year.
The large majority involve rifles and shotgun; there are under 500
fatal handgun accidents each year. I really doubt all of those
occur while the pistol is holstered, so the number of "self-inflicted
gunshot wounds by people wearing thigh holsters" is probably
well under 250 per year.
Handguns designs have included a "hammer block" since around 1960
or earlier. This is a metal part which physically seperates
the cartridge and the firing pin: Even under impact, the gun
cannot fire. The hammer block is connected to the trigger and
is pulled out of the way as the trigger is pulled. As a result,
modern pistols can fire _only_ if the trigger is pulled (or
in some cases, if they are cocked by hand and then dropped.)
I don't know about animal attacks, but there are 23,500 murders
each year and under 500 die in the manner you suggest. If only
2.1% of the murders were killings by "wacko"s, you would be
wrong. Worse, there are also 102,500 rapes and 1,055,000 aggravated
assaults each year. These numbers make violent attacks, and
preventing them, thousands of times more significant than the
accidents you are worried about.
(These figures, by the way, are from the FBI's "Uniform Crime
Report" for 1990. I'll stop by a library tomorrow and look at
the "National Crime Victimization Survey", which is more
specific about where and when the crimes occured.) | 9 | trimmed_train |
7,656 |
"Thinking if I could see, I would believe. Then someone said | 0 | trimmed_train |
5,597 | Does anyone know if the Dick Estelle who does the Radio Reader on NPR is one in
the same with the lefty who pitched briefly for the Jints in '64 & '65?
Just curious.
--->Paul, spending too much time reading the baseball encyclopedia
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We will stretch no farm animal beyond its natural length
[email protected] Paul Andresen Hewlett-Packard (503)-750-3511 | 2 | trimmed_train |
10,643 |
hmm... not that I am an authority on RISC ;-) but I clearly remember
reading that the instruction set on RISC CPUs is rather large.
The difference is in addressing modes - RISC instruction sets are not
as orthogonal is CISC.
| 18 | trimmed_train |
1,133 |
"fete"??? Since this word both formally and commonly refers to
positive/joyous events, your misuse of it here is rather unsettling.
I certainly abhor those Israeli policies and attitudes that are
abusive towards the Palestinians/Gazans. Given that, however, there
*is no comparison* between the reality of the Warsaw Ghetto and in
Gaza.
Just as international law recognizes the right of the occupying
entity to maintain order, especially in the face of elements
that are consciously attempting to disrupt the civil structure.
Ironically, international law recognizes each of these focusses
(that of the occupied and the occupier) even though they are
inherently in conflict.
Israel certainly cannot, and should not, continue its present
policies towards Gazan residents. There is, however, a third
alternative- the creation and implementation of a jewish "dhimmi"
system with Gazans/Palestinians as benignly "protected" citizens.
Would you find THAT as acceptable in that form as you do with
regard to Islam's policies towards its minorities?
It is a race, then? Between Israel's anti-Palestinian/Gazan
"Final Solution" and the Arab World's anti-Israel/jewish
"Final Solution". Do you favor one? neither?
Since there is justifiable worry by various parties that Israel
and Arab/Palestinian "final solution" intentions exist, isn't it
important that BOTH Israeli *and* Palestinian/Gazan "rights"
be secured?
| 6 | trimmed_train |
9,504 |
I disagree. McNall has demonstrated with Gretzky that a star brings out the
crowds whether or not the team is expected to do well. Very few fans real-
istically expect the Kings to do well this year (although I do) and yet they
still go out to see Gretzky. This is the marketing strategy - selling the
game by selling the stars - that is employed by Baseball and, notably, the
NBA and this is the attitude that the new Bettman/McNall leadership is
bringing to the league. They have gone on record as stating that they are
trying to sell the game on its stars. Timo Salami and Brett Hull are perfect
examples of players that real fans know aren't worth a damn and yet, being
benificiaries of marketing-oriented coaching strategies, have goal totals
that would indicate to the casual observer, the very fans the NHL wants to
attract, that these players are indeed superstars.
It ain't nearly so simple as this. The casual fan doesn't think about much
at all. Can you actually find an adult with a 3 digit IQ who believes that
McDonalds makes good hamburgers?
Yes but apparently the Rocket has not lived up to his marketing responsi-
bilities has he? He was hyped, initially, as a superstar, but outside of
one Grey Cup game he has done very little to maintain/enhance that assess-
ment of his talents. Most Argo fans probably feel the team would be better
off without him.
cordially, as always,
rm
| 17 | trimmed_train |
9,624 | I just hooked up my Mac IIsi to a relatively old (1 year?) Asante EN/SC
adapter. The 10Base-T connection works like a charm. I installed the
newest drivers from Asante's ftp server.
The problem begins when I attach one more device to the SCSI chain -
specifically a 50MB drive. I power up the drive, then the Mac. The Mac
tests memory, etc. Just before the "happy Mac face" normally shows up, the
power light on the EN/SC goes out, and the boot process stops. So I can use
the network, or the external drive, but not both at once. This makes the
Asante box pretty much unusable.
It doesn't look like a purely electrical SCSI problem, because if I turn
on the drive just a second or so too late, so that it doesn't get noticed
during the initial SCSI polling, the Mac boots normally and the adapter
works, even though the hard disk is powered on and connected. The Mac has
*never* once failed to boot from its internal drive up to now (and I've had
it for over a year).
Here is what I tried: changing the SCSI ID's of the EN/SC and the disk --
several permutations; changing the order of devices, i.e. the EN/SC at the
head or tail of the chain; overterminating with an external terminator
(both devices have internal ones); underterminating, i.e. removing internal
resistors from the hard disk; trying another EN/SC box; trying another
identical drive; trying several different SCSI cables.
Has anybody seen this? More importantly, does anyone have a solution?
Thanks a lot. E.
| 14 | trimmed_train |
1,014 |
...and to make life difficult for us actuaries..... :-/
--
Michael D. Adams ([email protected]) Champaign, IL / southeast AL | 13 | trimmed_train |
6,161 | I'll bet there's a runway nearby. | 11 | trimmed_train |
4,264 |
I beg to disagree with the assertion that science is a collection of models.
Scientific models are a game to play, and are only as good as the
assumptions and measurements (if any) that go into them.
As an example, I remember when nuclear winter was the big hype in
atmospheric science. It wasn't long after Sagan's admonitions that
one of our boys was adding another level of reality into his model of
the nuclear winter scenario at ERL in Boulder. He decided to assume
that the atmosphere is more like a two-dimensional thing, than a one-
dimensional thing. He also assumed that it rained and that the winds
blow in the real atmosphere. On returning to Georgia Tech, he showed
a transparency of atmospheric cooling rates according to the year they
were generated by the models. There was an unmistakable correlation
between the age (meaning simplicity of assumptions; i.e., remoteness
from reality) of each model and the degree of cooling. Whereas Sagan's
model showed an approximate 40-degree cooling episode, the next model
in sophistication showed about half that, and so on until we got to
our boy's model, which showed a 1-2 degree drop if the war happened in
the winter and less than a 10 degree drop if it happened in the summer.
He predicted that when we would include the presence of oceans, chemistry,
the biosphere, and other indicators of reality in the models, we would
probably see even less cooling. Thus nuclear winter was reduced to even
less than a nuclear autumn, one might say, to a nuclear fizzle.
To quote from H.S. Yoder,
The postulated models have become accepted as the reality
instead of the lattice of assumptions they are.
Authoritarianism dominates the field, and a very critical
analysis of each argument is to be encouraged.... Skepticism
of the model approach to earth problems is warranted because
many key parameters have not been included.
This statement surely applies equally well to cosmogony. Only when
convincing observational evidence substantiates the modeled results
may one suggest that the model may describe the reality. Just thought
I'd clear that up before things really got out of hand.
--
boundary | 0 | trimmed_train |
6,931 |
Experimental Lyme Disease in Dogs Produces Arthritis and Persistant Infection,
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, March 1993, 167:651-664
| 19 | trimmed_train |
2,023 |
Very likely possible. Reminds me of the movie "The Rapture".
| 9 | trimmed_train |
8,078 | Request for opinions:
Which is better - a one-piece Aerostitch or a two-piece Aerostitch?
We're looking for more than "Well, the 2-pc is more versatile, but the
1-pc is better protection,..." | 12 | trimmed_train |
10,203 | 5 | trimmed_train |
|
808 | I have a basic Apple IIgs system that I need to sell. Everything comes with
original boxes and documentation, and is in excellent condition. Make an
offer; I'll consider anything:
Apple IIgs 1 meg
3.5" drive
13" AppleColor RGB monitor
keyboard/mouse/mousepad/dustcovers/1200 baud Applemodem/random other worthless
stuff.
Here's a list of the games/apps:
Games: Applications:
BattleChess System Disk
Defender of the Crown System Tools IIGS
Arkanoid II WordPerfect
Bubble Ghost Appleworks
Shadowgate Writer's Choice elite
Balance of Power Draw Plus
Marble Madness Copy II Plus
Zany Golf ProTERM communications software
Chessmaster 2100
If interested, contact:
[email protected] | 5 | trimmed_train |
2,144 | : >over where it places its temp files: it just places them in its
: >"current directory".
: I have to beg to differ on this point, as the batch file I use
: to launch cview cd's to the dir where cview resides and then
: invokes it. every time I crash cview, the 0-byte temp file
: is found in the root dir of the drive cview is on.
This is what I posted that cview uses the root directory of the drive
cview is on. However, since It has so much trouble reading large files
from floppy, I suspect that it uses the root directory of the drive the
image files are on. | 1 | trimmed_train |
3,942 | Does NuTek (or anyone at NuTek) have an email address?
If not, why not? =)
| 14 | trimmed_train |
10,491 | I think that's the correct spelling..
I am looking for any information/supplies that will allow
do-it-yourselfers to take Krillean Pictures. I'm thinking
that education suppliers for schools might have a appartus for
sale, but I don't know any of the companies. Any info is greatly
appreciated.
In case you don't know, Krillean Photography, to the best of my
knowledge, involves taking pictures of an (most of the time) organic
object between charged plates. The picture will show energy patterns
or spikes around the object photographed, and depending on what type
of object it is, the spikes or energy patterns will vary. One might
extrapolate here and say that this proves that every object within
the universe (as we know it) has its own energy signature.
| 19 | trimmed_train |
7,877 | My 1988 Toyota 4Runner has a rolldown rear window with a keylock
switch. It sticky on me. Yesterday it was tough to get the
key to work and it also happened to stick on in the up direction
so the stalled motor was powered all night killing the battery.
I'd like to try to lubricate the lock switch. What should I lubricate
the lock with?
email please,
thanx, Ken.
--
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Don't drink American corporate swill. Support you local micro-brewery." -me | 4 | trimmed_train |
8,071 |
(Deletion)
Read a history book, Fred. And tell me why so many religions command to
commit genocide when it has got nothing to do with religion. Or why so many
religions say that not living up to the standards of the religion is worse
than dieing? Coincidence, I assume. Or ist part of the absolute morality
you describe so often? | 8 | trimmed_train |
11,101 | I guess the cryptowranglers read this group too. But of
course I knew that because it is so easy to do. There is
not a single doubt in my mind that every byte that passes
every significant gateway or 'bone is captured for the
colligation of data about __________? (Maybe your name is here).
Maybe we should start a newsgroup for the distribution of encrypted
posts intended of members of affinity groups with a shared private
key. For example at the coming up Cypherpunks meeting, a private
key corresponding to that particular meeting could be passed out
by a moderator. Minutes, followup comments to other participants,
and so on could be posted to the alt.encrypted group for the use
of the people who attended. Communiques intended by the group for
non-attendees could of course just be signed using the private key
but otherwises not encrypted.
Starting a alt.encrypted newsgroup rather than just maintaining
mailing lists is better for several reasons. First, it would be
easier to archive for people who might join a group "late" and
who might like to easily read earlier posts; second, traffic analysis
to know exactly to whom an affinity message is directed would be foiled;
three, a newsgroup is much more public and would serve to publicize
available privacy measures on the internet.
And it would be fun to accumulate a secret keyring full of such
keys -- it beats giving out t-shirts as a door prize.
We could send a copy of alt.encrypted directly to Judge William
Sessions or Admiral Studeman to save them the time of having it
collected for them.
| 7 | trimmed_train |
9,912 | The term "stopper" is generally used to refer to a pitcher, one
who can be counted on to pitch a strong game to keep his team from going
on a losing streak.
The Braves have plenty of pitchers to fit this description,
although right now I'd expect Smoltz or Glavine to take the mantle.
What the Braves lack, however, is an offensive stopper,
somebody they can look to to bring them out of their hitting slump.
There's just no one there. The Braves got rid of their best pure
hitter, Lonnie Smith, and only Terry Pendleton on the current roster
has ever shown more than a cursory ability to hit.
Oh, and another thing that worries me. Ron Gant seems to have
slowed down a step. That's scary. A slow Ron Gant doesn't have much going
for him. | 2 | trimmed_train |
4,680 |
Presumably, the key split is so that no one group controls the privacy
of the key, and that it would be infeasible to illicitly gain access from
both agents.
However, if one agent wishes to break the crypto without the cooperation
of the other agent, a 40-bit key is not going to stand in the way of a
brute force attack. If an agency (for example, the NSA) were to hold one
of the two key-halves, then I don't imagine they really need the other half of
the key to start listening in.
Or was that the point? <grin>
(This is not to imply, at all, that I like the idea of the rest of the
system.) | 7 | trimmed_train |
5,833 |
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | 6 | trimmed_train |
6,987 | Archive-name: jpeg-faq
Last-modified: 18 April 1993
This FAQ article discusses JPEG image compression. Suggestions for
additions and clarifications are welcome.
New since version of 3 April 1993:
* New versions of Image Archiver and PMJPEG for OS/2.
This article includes the following sections:
[1] What is JPEG?
[2] Why use JPEG?
[3] When should I use JPEG, and when should I stick with GIF?
[4] How well does JPEG compress images?
[5] What are good "quality" settings for JPEG?
[6] Where can I get JPEG software?
[6A] "canned" software, viewers, etc.
[6B] source code
[7] What's all this hoopla about color quantization?
[8] How does JPEG work?
[9] What about lossless JPEG?
[10] Why all the argument about file formats?
[11] How do I recognize which file format I have, and what do I do about it?
[12] What about arithmetic coding?
[13] Does loss accumulate with repeated compression/decompression?
[14] What are some rules of thumb for converting GIF images to JPEG?
Sections 1-6 are basic info that every JPEG user needs to know;
sections 7-14 are advanced info for the curious.
This article is posted every 2 weeks. You can always find the latest version
in the news.answers archive at rtfm.mit.edu (18.172.1.27). By FTP, fetch
/pub/usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq; or if you don't have FTP, send e-mail to
[email protected] with body "send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq".
Many other FAQ articles are also stored in this archive. For more
instructions on use of the archive, send e-mail to the same address with the
words "help" and "index" (no quotes) on separate lines. If you don't get a
reply, the server may be misreading your return address; add a line such as
"path myname@mysite" to specify your correct e-mail address to reply to.
----------
[1] What is JPEG?
JPEG (pronounced "jay-peg") is a standardized image compression mechanism.
JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group, the original name of the
committee that wrote the standard. JPEG is designed for compressing either
full-color or gray-scale digital images of "natural", real-world scenes.
It does not work so well on non-realistic images, such as cartoons or line
drawings.
JPEG does not handle black-and-white (1-bit-per-pixel) images, nor does it
handle motion picture compression. Standards for compressing those types
of images are being worked on by other committees, named JBIG and MPEG
respectively.
JPEG is "lossy", meaning that the image you get out of decompression isn't
quite identical to what you originally put in. The algorithm achieves much
of its compression by exploiting known limitations of the human eye, notably
the fact that small color details aren't perceived as well as small details
of light-and-dark. Thus, JPEG is intended for compressing images that will
be looked at by humans. If you plan to machine-analyze your images, the
small errors introduced by JPEG may be a problem for you, even if they are
invisible to the eye.
A useful property of JPEG is that the degree of lossiness can be varied by
adjusting compression parameters. This means that the image maker can trade
off file size against output image quality. You can make *extremely* small
files if you don't mind poor quality; this is useful for indexing image
archives, making thumbnail views or icons, etc. etc. Conversely, if you
aren't happy with the output quality at the default compression setting, you
can jack up the quality until you are satisfied, and accept lesser compression.
[2] Why use JPEG?
There are two good reasons: to make your image files smaller, and to store
24-bit-per-pixel color data instead of 8-bit-per-pixel data.
Making image files smaller is a big win for transmitting files across
networks and for archiving libraries of images. Being able to compress a
2 Mbyte full-color file down to 100 Kbytes or so makes a big difference in
disk space and transmission time! (If you are comparing GIF and JPEG, the
size ratio is more like four to one. More details below.)
If your viewing software doesn't support JPEG directly, you'll have to
convert JPEG to some other format for viewing or manipulating images. Even
with a JPEG-capable viewer, it takes longer to decode and view a JPEG image
than to view an image of a simpler format (GIF, for instance). Thus, using
JPEG is essentially a time/space tradeoff: you give up some time in order to
store or transmit an image more cheaply.
It's worth noting that when network or phone transmission is involved, the
time savings from transferring a shorter file can be much greater than the
extra time to decompress the file. I'll let you do the arithmetic yourself.
The other reason why JPEG will gradually replace GIF as a standard Usenet
posting format is that JPEG can store full color information: 24 bits/pixel
(16 million colors) instead of 8 or less (256 or fewer colors). If you have
only 8-bit display hardware then this may not seem like much of an advantage
to you. Within a couple of years, though, 8-bit GIF will look as obsolete as
black-and-white MacPaint format does today. Furthermore, for reasons detailed
in section 7, JPEG is far more useful than GIF for exchanging images among
people with widely varying color display hardware. Hence JPEG is considerably
more appropriate than GIF for use as a Usenet posting standard.
[3] When should I use JPEG, and when should I stick with GIF?
JPEG is *not* going to displace GIF entirely; for some types of images,
GIF is superior in image quality, file size, or both. One of the first
things to learn about JPEG is which kinds of images to apply it to.
As a rule of thumb, JPEG is superior to GIF for storing full-color or
gray-scale images of "realistic" scenes; that means scanned photographs and
similar material. JPEG is superior even if you don't have 24-bit display
hardware, and it is a LOT superior if you do. (See section 7 for details.)
GIF does significantly better on images with only a few distinct colors,
such as cartoons and line drawings. In particular, large areas of pixels
that are all *exactly* the same color are compressed very efficiently indeed
by GIF. JPEG can't squeeze these files as much as GIF does without
introducing visible defects. This sort of image is best kept in GIF form.
(In particular, single-color borders are quite cheap in GIF files, but they
should be avoided in JPEG files.)
JPEG also has a hard time with very sharp edges: a row of pure-black pixels
adjacent to a row of pure-white pixels, for example. Sharp edges tend to
come out blurred unless you use a very high quality setting. Again, this
sort of thing is not found in scanned photographs, but it shows up fairly
often in GIF files: borders, overlaid text, etc. The blurriness is
particularly objectionable with text that's only a few pixels high.
If you have a GIF with a lot of small-size overlaid text, don't JPEG it.
Computer-drawn images (ray-traced scenes, for instance) usually fall between
scanned images and cartoons in terms of complexity. The more complex and
subtly rendered the image, the more likely that JPEG will do well on it.
The same goes for semi-realistic artwork (fantasy drawings and such).
Plain black-and-white (two level) images should never be converted to JPEG.
You need at least about 16 gray levels before JPEG is useful for gray-scale
images. It should also be noted that GIF is lossless for gray-scale images
of up to 256 levels, while JPEG is not.
If you have an existing library of GIF images, you may wonder whether you
should convert them to JPEG. You will lose a little image quality if you do.
(Section 7, which argues that JPEG image quality is superior to GIF, only
applies if both formats start from a full-color original. If you start from
a GIF, you've already irretrievably lost a great deal of information; JPEG
can only make things worse.) However, the disk space savings may justify
converting anyway. This is a decision you'll have to make for yourself.
If you do convert a GIF library to JPEG, see section 14 for hints. Be
prepared to leave some images in GIF format, since some GIFs will not
convert well.
[4] How well does JPEG compress images?
Pretty darn well. Here are some sample file sizes for an image I have
handy, a 727x525 full-color image of a ship in a harbor. The first three
files are for comparison purposes; the rest were created with the free JPEG
software described in section 6B.
File Size in bytes Comments
ship.ppm 1145040 Original file in PPM format (no compression; 24 bits
or 3 bytes per pixel, plus a few bytes overhead)
ship.ppm.Z 963829 PPM file passed through Unix compress
compress doesn't accomplish a lot, you'll note.
Other text-oriented compressors give similar results.
ship.gif 240438 Converted to GIF with ppmquant -fs 256 | ppmtogif
Most of the savings is the result of losing color
info: GIF saves 8 bits/pixel, not 24. (See sec. 7.)
ship.jpg95 155622 cjpeg -Q 95 (highest useful quality setting)
This is indistinguishable from the 24-bit original,
at least to my nonprofessional eyeballs.
ship.jpg75 58009 cjpeg -Q 75 (default setting)
You have to look mighty darn close to distinguish this
from the original, even with both on-screen at once.
ship.jpg50 38406 cjpeg -Q 50
This has slight defects; if you know what to look
for, you could tell it's been JPEGed without seeing
the original. Still as good image quality as many
recent postings in Usenet pictures groups.
ship.jpg25 25192 cjpeg -Q 25
JPEG's characteristic "blockiness" becomes apparent
at this setting (djpeg -blocksmooth helps some).
Still, I've seen plenty of Usenet postings that were
of poorer image quality than this.
ship.jpg5o 6587 cjpeg -Q 5 -optimize (-optimize cuts table overhead)
Blocky, but perfectly satisfactory for preview or
indexing purposes. Note that this file is TINY:
the compression ratio from the original is 173:1 !
In this case JPEG can make a file that's a factor of four or five smaller
than a GIF of comparable quality (the -Q 75 file is every bit as good as the
GIF, better if you have a full-color display). This seems to be a typical
ratio for real-world scenes.
[5] What are good "quality" settings for JPEG?
Most JPEG compressors let you pick a file size vs. image quality tradeoff by
selecting a quality setting. There seems to be widespread confusion about
the meaning of these settings. "Quality 95" does NOT mean "keep 95% of the
information", as some have claimed. The quality scale is purely arbitrary;
it's not a percentage of anything.
The name of the game in using JPEG is to pick the lowest quality setting
(smallest file size) that decompresses into an image indistinguishable from
the original. This setting will vary from one image to another and from one
observer to another, but here are some rules of thumb.
The default quality setting (-Q 75) is very often the best choice. This
setting is about the lowest you can go without expecting to see defects in a
typical image. Try -Q 75 first; if you see defects, then go up. Except for
experimental purposes, never go above -Q 95; saying -Q 100 will produce a
file two or three times as large as -Q 95, but of hardly any better quality.
If the image was less than perfect quality to begin with, you might be able to
go down to -Q 50 without objectionable degradation. On the other hand, you
might need to go to a HIGHER quality setting to avoid further degradation.
The second case seems to apply much of the time when converting GIFs to JPEG.
The default -Q 75 is about right for compressing 24-bit images, but -Q 85 to
95 is usually better for converting GIFs (see section 14 for more info).
If you want a very small file (say for preview or indexing purposes) and are
prepared to tolerate large defects, a -Q setting in the range of 5 to 10 is
about right. -Q 2 or so may be amusing as "op art".
(Note: the quality settings discussed in this article apply to the free JPEG
software described in section 6B, and to many programs based on it. Other
JPEG implementations, such as Image Alchemy, may use a completely different
quality scale. Some programs don't even provide a numeric scale, just
"high"/"medium"/"low"-style choices.)
[6] Where can I get JPEG software?
Most of the programs described in this section are available by FTP.
If you don't know how to use FTP, see the FAQ article "How to find sources".
(If you don't have direct access to FTP, read about ftpmail servers in the
same article.) That article appears regularly in news.answers, or you can
get it by sending e-mail to [email protected] with
"send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources" in the body. The "Anonymous FTP
List FAQ" may also be helpful --- it's usenet/news.answers/ftp-list/faq in
the news.answers archive.
NOTE: this list changes constantly. If you have a copy more than a couple
months old, get the latest JPEG FAQ from the news.answers archive.
[6A] If you are looking for "canned" software, viewers, etc:
The first part of this list is system-specific programs that only run on one
kind of system. If you don't see what you want for your machine, check out
the portable JPEG software described at the end of the list. Note that this
list concentrates on free and shareware programs that you can obtain over
Internet; but some commercial programs are listed too.
X Windows:
John Bradley's free XV (version 2.00 and up) is an excellent viewer for JPEG,
GIF, and other image formats. It's available for FTP from export.lcs.mit.edu
or ftp.cis.upenn.edu. The file is called 'xv-???.tar.Z' (where ??? is the
version number, currently 2.21); it is located in the 'contrib' directory on
export or the 'pub/xv' directory at upenn. XV reduces all images to 8 bits
internally, which means it's not a real good choice if you have a 24-bit
display (you'll still get only 8-bit color). Also, you shouldn't use XV to
convert full-color images to JPEG, because they'll get color-quantized first.
But XV is a fine tool for converting GIF and other 8-bit images to JPEG.
CAUTION: there is a glitch in versions 2.21 and earlier: be sure to check
the "save at normal size" checkbox when saving a JPEG file, or the file will
be blurry.
Another good choice for X Windows is John Cristy's free ImageMagick package,
also available from export.lcs.mit.edu, file contrib/ImageMagick.tar.Z.
This package handles many image processing and conversion tasks. The
ImageMagick viewer handles 24-bit displays correctly; for colormapped
displays, it does better (though slower) color quantization than XV or the
basic free JPEG software.
Both of the above are large, complex packages. If you just want a simple
image viewer, try xloadimage or xli. xloadimage supports JPEG in its latest
release, 3.03. xloadimage is free and available from export.lcs.mit.edu,
file contrib/xloadimage.3.03.tar.Z. xli is a variant version of xloadimage,
said by its fans to be somewhat faster and more robust than the original.
(The current xli is indeed faster and more robust than the current
xloadimage, at least with respect to JPEG files, because it has the IJG v4
decoder while xloadimage 3.03 is using a hacked-over v1. The next
xloadimage release will fix this.) xli is also free and available from
export.lcs.mit.edu, file contrib/xli.1.14.tar.Z. Both programs are said
to do the right thing with 24-bit displays.
MS-DOS:
This covers plain DOS; for Windows or OS/2 programs, see the next headings.
One good choice is Eric Praetzel's free DVPEG, which views JPEG and GIF files.
The current version, 2.4a, is available by FTP from sunee.uwaterloo.ca
(129.97.50.50), file pub/jpeg/viewers/dvpeg24a.zip. This is a good basic
viewer that works on either 286 or 386/486 machines. The user interface is
not flashy, but it's functional.
Another freeware JPEG/GIF/TGA viewer is Mohammad Rezaei's Hiview. The
current version, 1.2, is available from Simtel20 and mirror sites (see NOTE
below), file msdos/graphics/hv12.zip. Hiview requires a 386 or better CPU
and a VCPI-compatible memory manager (QEMM386 and 386MAX work; Windows and
OS/2 do not). Hiview is currently the fastest viewer for images that are no
bigger than your screen. For larger images, it scales the image down to fit
on the screen (rather than using panning/scrolling as most viewers do).
You may or may not prefer this approach, but there's no denying that it
slows down loading of large images considerably. Note: installation is a
bit tricky; read the directions carefully!
A shareware alternative is ColorView for DOS ($30). This is easier to
install than either of the two freeware alternatives. Its user interface is
also much spiffier-looking, although personally I find it harder to use ---
more keystrokes, inconsistent behavior. It is faster than DVPEG but a
little slower than Hiview, at least on my hardware. (For images larger than
screen size, DVPEG and ColorView seem to be about the same speed, and both
are faster than Hiview.) The current version is 2.1, available from
Simtel20 and mirror sites (see NOTE below), file msdos/graphics/dcview21.zip.
Requires a VESA graphics driver; if you don't have one, look in vesadrv2.zip
or vesa-tsr.zip from the same directory. (Many recent PCs have a built-in
VESA driver, so don't try to load a VESA driver unless ColorView complains
that the driver is missing.)
A second shareware alternative is Fullview, which has been kicking around
the net for a while, but I don't know any stable archive location for it.
The current (rather old) version is inferior to the above viewers anyway.
The author tells me that a new version of Fullview will be out shortly
and it will be submitted to the Simtel20 archives at that time.
The well-known GIF viewer CompuShow (CSHOW) supports JPEG in its latest
revision, 8.60a. However, CSHOW's JPEG implementation isn't very good:
it's slow (about half the speed of the above viewers) and image quality is
poor except on hi-color displays. Too bad ... it'd have been nice to see a
good JPEG capability in CSHOW. Shareware, $25. Available from Simtel20 and
mirror sites (see NOTE below), file msdos/gif/cshw860a.zip.
Due to the remarkable variety of PC graphics hardware, any one of these
viewers might not work on your particular machine. If you can't get *any*
of them to work, you'll need to use one of the following conversion programs
to convert JPEG to GIF, then view with your favorite GIF viewer. (If you
have hi-color hardware, don't use GIF as the intermediate format; try to
find a TARGA-capable viewer instead. VPIC5.0 is reputed to do the right
thing with hi-color displays.)
The Independent JPEG Group's free JPEG converters are FTPable from Simtel20
and mirror sites (see NOTE below), file msdos/graphics/jpeg4.zip (or
jpeg4386.zip if you have a 386 and extended memory). These files are DOS
compilations of the free source code described in section 6B; they will
convert JPEG to and from GIF, Targa, and PPM formats.
Handmade Software offers free JPEG<=>GIF conversion tools, GIF2JPG/JPG2GIF.
These are slow and are limited to conversion to and from GIF format; in
particular, you can't get 24-bit color output from a JPEG. The major
advantage of these tools is that they will read and write HSI's proprietary
JPEG format as well as the Usenet-standard JFIF format. Since HSI-format
files are rather widespread on BBSes, this is a useful capability. Version
2.0 of these tools is free (prior versions were shareware). Get it from
Simtel20 and mirror sites (see NOTE below), file msdos/graphics/gif2jpg2.zip.
NOTE: do not use HSI format for files to be posted on Internet, since it is
not readable on non-PC platforms.
Handmade Software also has a shareware image conversion and manipulation
package, Image Alchemy. This will translate JPEG files (both JFIF and HSI
formats) to and from many other image formats. It can also display images.
A demo version of Image Alchemy version 1.6.1 is available from Simtel20 and
mirror sites (see NOTE below), file msdos/graphics/alch161.zip.
NOTE ABOUT SIMTEL20: The Internet's key archive site for PC-related programs
is Simtel20, full name wsmr-simtel20.army.mil (192.88.110.20). Simtel20
runs a non-Unix system with weird directory names; where this document
refers to directory (eg) "msdos/graphics" at Simtel20, that really means
"pd1:<msdos.graphics>". If you are not physically on MILnet, you should
expect rather slow FTP transfer rates from Simtel20. There are several
Internet sites that maintain copies (mirrors) of the Simtel20 archives;
most FTP users should go to one of the mirror sites instead. A popular USA
mirror site is oak.oakland.edu (141.210.10.117), which keeps Simtel20 files
in (eg) "/pub/msdos/graphics". If you have no FTP capability, you can
retrieve files from Simtel20 by e-mail; see informational postings in
comp.archives.msdos.announce to find out how. If you are outside the USA,
consult the same newsgroup to learn where your nearest Simtel20 mirror is.
Microsoft Windows:
There are several Windows programs capable of displaying JPEG images.
(Windows viewers are generally slower than DOS viewers on the same hardware,
due to Windows' system overhead. Note that you can run the DOS conversion
programs described above inside a Windows DOS window.)
The newest entry is WinECJ, which is free and EXTREMELY fast. Version 1.0
is available from ftp.rahul.net, file /pub/bryanw/pc/jpeg/wecj.zip.
Requires Windows 3.1 and 256-or-more-colors mode. This is a no-frills
viewer with the bad habit of hogging the machine completely while it
decodes; and the image quality is noticeably worse than other viewers.
But it's so fast you'll use it anyway, at least for previewing...
JView is freeware, fairly fast, has good on-line help, and can write out the
decompressed image in Windows BMP format; but it can't create new JPEG
files, and it doesn't view GIFs. JView also lacks some other useful
features of the shareware viewers (such as brightness adjustment), but it's
an excellent basic viewer. The current version, 0.9, is available from
ftp.cica.indiana.edu (129.79.20.84), file pub/pc/win3/desktop/jview090.zip.
(Mirrors of this archive can be found at some other Internet sites,
including wuarchive.wustl.edu.)
WinJPEG (shareware, $20) displays JPEG,GIF,Targa,TIFF, and BMP image files;
it can write all of these formats too, so it can be used as a converter.
It has some other nifty features including color-balance adjustment and
slideshow. The current version is 2.1, available from Simtel20 and mirror
sites (see NOTE above), file msdos/windows3/winjp210.zip. (This is a slow
286-compatible version; if you register, you'll get the 386-only version,
which is roughly 25% faster.)
ColorView is another shareware entry ($30). This was an early and promising
contender, but it has not been updated in some time, and at this point it
has no real advantages over WinJPEG. If you want to try it anyway, the
current version is 0.97, available from ftp.cica.indiana.edu, file
pub/pc/win3/desktop/cview097.zip. (I understand that a new version will
be appearing once the authors are finished with ColorView for DOS.)
DVPEG (see DOS heading) also works under Windows, but only in full-screen
mode, not in a window.
OS/2:
The following files are available from hobbes.nmsu.edu (128.123.35.151).
Note: check /pub/uploads for more recent versions --- the hobbes moderator
is not very fast about moving uploads into their permanent directories.
/pub/os2/2.x/graphics/jpegv4.zip
32-bit version of free IJG conversion programs, version 4.
/pub/os2/all/graphics/jpeg4-16.zip
16-bit version of same, for OS/2 1.x.
/pub/os2/2.x/graphics/imgarc11.zip
Image Archiver 1.01: image conversion/viewing with PM graphical interface.
Strong on conversion functions, viewing is a bit weaker. Shareware, $15.
/pub/os2/2.x/graphics/pmjpeg11.zip
PMJPEG 1.1: OS/2 2.x port of WinJPEG, a popular viewer for Windows
(see description in Windows section). Shareware, $20.
/pub/os2/2.x/graphics/pmview84.zip
PMView 0.84: JPEG/GIF/BMP viewer. GIF viewing very fast, JPEG viewing
fast if you have huge amounts of RAM, otherwise about the same speed
as the above programs. Strong 24-bit display support. Shareware, $20.
Macintosh:
Most Mac JPEG programs rely on Apple's JPEG implementation, which is part of
the QuickTime system extension; so you need to have QuickTime installed.
To use QuickTime, you need a 68020 or better CPU and you need to be running
System 6.0.7 or later. (If you're running System 6, you must also install
the 32-bit QuickDraw extension; this is built-in on System 7.) You can get
QuickTime by FTP from ftp.apple.com, file dts/mac/quicktime/quicktime.hqx.
(As of 11/92, this file contains QuickTime 1.5, which is better than QT 1.0
in several ways. With respect to JPEG, it is marginally faster and
considerably less prone to crash when fed a corrupt JPEG file. However,
some applications seem to have compatibility problems with QT 1.5.)
Mac users should keep in mind that QuickTime's JPEG format, PICT/JPEG, is
not the same as the Usenet-standard JFIF JPEG format. (See section 10 for
details.) If you post images on Usenet, make sure they are in JFIF format.
Most of the programs mentioned below can generate either format.
The first choice is probably JPEGView, a free program for viewing images
that are in JFIF format, PICT/JPEG format, or GIF format. It also can
convert between the two JPEG formats. The current version, 2.0, is a big
improvement over prior versions. Get it from sumex-aim.stanford.edu
(36.44.0.6), file /info-mac/app/jpeg-view-20.hqx. Requires System 7 and
QuickTime. On 8-bit displays, JPEGView usually produces the best color
image quality of all the currently available Mac JPEG viewers. JPEGView can
view large images in much less memory than other Mac viewers; in fact, it's
the only one that can deal with JPEG images much over 640x480 pixels on a
typical 4MB Mac. Given a large image, JPEGView automatically scales it down
to fit on the screen, rather than presenting scroll bars like most other
viewers. (You can zoom in on any desired portion, though.) Some people
like this behavior, some don't. Overall, JPEGView's user interface is very
well thought out.
GIFConverter, a shareware ($40) image viewer/converter, supports JFIF and
PICT/JPEG, as well as GIF and several other image formats. The latest
version is 2.3.2. Get it from sumex-aim.stanford.edu, file
/info-mac/art/gif/gif-converter-232.hqx. Requires System 6.0.5 or later.
GIFConverter is not better than JPEGView as a plain JPEG/GIF viewer, but
it has much more extensive image manipulation and format conversion
capabilities, so you may find it worth its shareware fee if you do a lot of
playing around with images. Also, the newest version of GIFConverter can
load and save JFIF images *without* QuickTime, so it is your best bet if
your machine is too old to run QuickTime. (But it's faster with QuickTime.)
Note: If GIFConverter runs out of memory trying to load a large JPEG, try
converting the file to GIF with JPEG Convert, then viewing the GIF version.
JPEG Convert, a Mac version of the free IJG JPEG conversion utilities, is
available from sumex-aim.stanford.edu, file /info-mac/app/jpeg-convert-10.hqx.
This will run on any Mac, but it only does file conversion, not viewing.
You can use it in conjunction with any GIF viewer.
Previous versions of this FAQ recommended Imagery JPEG v0.6, a JPEG<=>GIF
converter based on an old version of the IJG code. If you are using this
program, you definitely should replace it with JPEG Convert.
Apple's free program PictPixie can view images in JFIF, QuickTime JPEG, and
GIF format, and can convert between these formats. You can get PictPixie
from ftp.apple.com, file dts/mac/quicktime/qt.1.0.stuff/pictpixie.hqx.
Requires QuickTime. PictPixie was intended as a developer's tool, and it's
really not the best choice unless you like to fool around with QuickTime.
Some of its drawbacks are that it requires lots of memory, it produces
relatively poor color image quality on anything less than a 24-bit display,
and it has a relatively unfriendly user interface. Worse, PictPixie is an
unsupported program, meaning it has some minor bugs that Apple does not
intend to fix. (There is an old version of PictPixie, called
PICTCompressor, floating around the net. If you have this you should trash
it, as it's even buggier. Also, the QuickTime Starter Kit includes a much
cleaned-up descendant of PictPixie called Picture Compressor. Note that
Picture Compressor is NOT free and may not be distributed on the net.)
Storm Technology's Picture Decompress is a free JPEG viewer/converter.
This rather old program is inferior to the above programs in many ways, but
it will run without System 7 or QuickTime, so you may be forced to use it on
older systems. (It does need 32-bit QuickDraw, so really old machines can't
use it.) You can get it from sumex-aim.stanford.edu, file
/info-mac/app/picture-decompress-201.hqx. You must set the file type of a
downloaded image file to 'JPEG' to allow Picture Decompress to open it.
If your machine is too old to run 32-bit QuickDraw (a Mac Plus for instance),
GIFConverter is your only choice for single-program JPEG viewing. If you
don't want to pay for GIFConverter, use JPEG Convert and a free GIF viewer.
More and more commercial Mac applications are supporting JPEG, although not
all can deal with the Usenet-standard JFIF format. Adobe Photoshop, version
2.0.1 or later, can read and write JFIF-format JPEG files (use the JPEG
plug-in from the Acquire menu). You must set the file type of a downloaded
JPEG file to 'JPEG' to allow Photoshop to recognize it.
Amiga:
(Most programs listed in this section are stored in the AmiNet archive at
amiga.physik.unizh.ch (130.60.80.80). There are many mirror sites of this
archive and you should try to use the closest one. In the USA, a good
choice is wuarchive.wustl.edu; look under /mirrors/amiga.physik.unizh.ch/...)
HamLab Plus is an excellent JPEG viewer/converter, as well as being a
general image manipulation tool. It's cheap (shareware, $20) and can read
several formats besides JPEG. The current version is 2.0.8. A demo version
is available from amiga.physik.unizh.ch (and mirror sites), file
amiga/gfx/edit/hamlab208d.lha. The demo version will crop images larger
than 512x512, but it is otherwise fully functional.
Rend24 (shareware, $30) is an image renderer that can display JPEG, ILBM,
and GIF images. The program can be used to create animations, even
capturing frames on-the-fly from rendering packages like Lightwave. The
current version is 1.05, available from amiga.physik.unizh.ch (and mirror
sites), file amiga/os30/gfx/rend105.lha. (Note: although this directory is
supposedly for AmigaDOS 3.0 programs, the program will also run under
AmigaDOS 1.3, 2.04 or 2.1.)
Viewtek is a free JPEG/ILBM/GIF/ANIM viewer. The current version is 1.04,
available from amiga.physik.unizh.ch (and mirror sites), file
amiga/gfx/show/ViewTek104.lha.
If you're willing to spend real money, there are several commercial packages
that support JPEG. Two are written by Thomas Krehbiel, the author of Rend24
and Viewtek. These are CineMorph, a standalone image morphing package, and
ImageFX, an impressive 24-bit image capture, conversion, editing, painting,
effects and prepress package that also includes CineMorph. Both are
distributed by Great Valley Products. Art Department Professional (ADPro),
from ASDG Inc, is the most widely used commercial image manipulation
software for Amigas. ImageMaster, from Black Belt Systems, is another
well-regarded commercial graphics package with JPEG support.
The free IJG JPEG software is available compiled for Amigas from
amiga.physik.unizh.ch (and mirror sites) in directory amiga/gfx/conv, file
AmigaJPEGV4.lha. These programs convert JPEG to/from PPM,GIF,Targa formats.
The Amiga world is heavily infested with quick-and-dirty JPEG programs, many
based on an ancient beta-test version of the free IJG JPEG software (thanks
to a certain magazine that published same on its disk-of-the-month, without
so much as notifying the authors). Among these are "AugJPEG", "NewAmyJPEG",
"VJPEG", and probably others I have not even heard of. In my opinion,
anything older than IJG version 3 (March 1992) is not worth the disk space
it's stored on; if you have such a program, trash it and get something newer.
Atari ST:
The free IJG JPEG software is available compiled for Atari ST, TT, etc,
from atari.archive.umich.edu, file /atari/Graphics/jpeg4bin.zoo.
These programs convert JPEG to/from PPM, GIF, Targa formats.
I have not heard of any free or shareware JPEG-capable viewer for Ataris,
but surely there must be one by now? Pointers appreciated.
Acorn Archimedes:
!ChangeFSI, supplied with RISC OS 3 version 3.10, can convert from and view
JPEG JFIF format. Provision is also made to convert images to JPEG,
although this must be done from the CLI rather than by double-clicking.
Recent versions (since 7.11) of the shareware program Translator can handle
JPEG, along with about 30 other image formats. While older versions can be
found on some Archimedes bboards, the current version is only available by
registering with the author, John Kortink, Nutterbrink 31, 7544 WJ, Enschede,
The Netherlands. Price 35 Dutch guilders (about $22 or 10 pounds).
There's also a commercial product called !JPEG which provides JPEG read/write
functionality and direct JPEG viewing, as well as a host of other image
format conversion and processing options. This is more expensive but not
necessarily better than the above programs. Contact: DT Software, FREEPOST,
Cambridge, UK. Tel: 0223 841099.
Portable software for almost any system:
If none of the above fits your situation, you can obtain and compile the free
JPEG conversion software described in 6B. You'll also need a viewer program.
If your display is 8 bits or less, any GIF viewer will do fine; if you have a
display with more color capability, try to find a viewer that can read Targa
or PPM 24-bit image files.
There are numerous commercial JPEG offerings, with more popping up every
day. I recommend that you not spend money on one of these unless you find
the available free or shareware software vastly too slow. In that case,
purchase a hardware-assisted product. Ask pointed questions about whether
the product complies with the final JPEG standard and about whether it can
handle the JFIF file format; many of the earliest commercial releases are
not and never will be compatible with anyone else's files.
[6B] If you are looking for source code to work with:
Free, portable C code for JPEG compression is available from the Independent
JPEG Group, which I lead. A package containing our source code,
documentation, and some small test files is available from several places.
The "official" archive site for this source code is ftp.uu.net (137.39.1.9
or 192.48.96.9). Look under directory /graphics/jpeg; the current release
is jpegsrc.v4.tar.Z. (This is a compressed TAR file; don't forget to
retrieve in binary mode.) You can retrieve this file by FTP or UUCP.
If you are on a PC and don't know how to cope with .tar.Z format, you may
prefer ZIP format, which you can find at Simtel20 and mirror sites (see NOTE
above), file msdos/graphics/jpegsrc4.zip. This file will also be available on
CompuServe, in the GRAPHSUPPORT forum (GO PICS), library 15, as jpsrc4.zip.
If you have no FTP access, you can retrieve the source from your nearest
comp.sources.misc archive; version 4 appeared as issues 55-72 of volume 34.
(If you don't know how to retrieve comp.sources.misc postings, see the FAQ
article "How to find sources", referred to at the top of section 6.)
The free JPEG code provides conversion between JPEG "JFIF" format and image
files in GIF, PBMPLUS PPM/PGM, Utah RLE, and Truevision Targa file formats.
The core compression and decompression modules can easily be reused in other
programs, such as image viewers. The package is highly portable; we have
tested it on many machines ranging from PCs to Crays.
We have released this software for both noncommercial and commercial use.
Companies are welcome to use it as the basis for JPEG-related products.
We do not ask a royalty, although we do ask for an acknowledgement in
product literature (see the README file in the distribution for details).
We hope to make this software industrial-quality --- although, as with
anything that's free, we offer no warranty and accept no liability.
The Independent JPEG Group is a volunteer organization; if you'd like to
contribute to improving our software, you are welcome to join.
[7] What's all this hoopla about color quantization?
Most people don't have full-color (24 bit per pixel) display hardware.
Typical display hardware stores 8 or fewer bits per pixel, so it can display
256 or fewer distinct colors at a time. To display a full-color image, the
computer must map the image into an appropriate set of representative
colors. This process is called "color quantization". (This is something
of a misnomer, "color selection" would be a better term. We're stuck with
the standard usage though.)
Clearly, color quantization is a lossy process. It turns out that for most
images, the details of the color quantization algorithm have MUCH more impact
on the final image quality than do any errors introduced by JPEG (except at
the very lowest JPEG quality settings).
Since JPEG is a full-color format, converting a color JPEG image for display
on 8-bit-or-less hardware requires color quantization. This is true for
*all* color JPEGs: even if you feed a 256-or-less-color GIF into JPEG, what
comes out of the decompressor is *not* 256 colors, but thousands of colors.
This happens because JPEG's lossiness affects each pixel a little
differently, so two pixels that started with identical colors will probably
come out with slightly different colors. Each original color gets "smeared"
into a group of nearby colors. Therefore quantization is always required to
display a color JPEG on a colormapped display, regardless of the image
source. The only way to avoid quantization is to ask for gray-scale output.
(Incidentally, because of this effect it's nearly meaningless to talk about
the number of colors used by a JPEG image. Even if you attempted to count
the number of distinct pixel values, different JPEG decoders would give you
different results because of roundoff error differences. I occasionally see
posted images described as "256-color JPEG". This tells me that the poster
(a) hasn't read this FAQ and (b) probably converted the JPEG from a GIF.
JPEGs can be classified as color or gray-scale (just like photographs), but
number of colors just isn't a useful concept for JPEG.)
On the other hand, a GIF image by definition has already been quantized to
256 or fewer colors. (A GIF *does* have a definite number of colors in its
palette, and the format doesn't allow more than 256 palette entries.)
For purposes of Usenet picture distribution, GIF has the advantage that the
sender precomputes the color quantization, so recipients don't have to.
This is also the *disadvantage* of GIF: you're stuck with the sender's
quantization. If the sender quantized to a different number of colors than
what you can display, you have to re-quantize, resulting in much poorer
image quality than if you had quantized once from a full-color image.
Furthermore, if the sender didn't use a high-quality color quantization
algorithm, you're out of luck.
For this reason, JPEG offers the promise of significantly better image quality
for all users whose machines don't match the sender's display hardware.
JPEG's full color image can be quantized to precisely match the user's display
hardware. Furthermore, you will be able to take advantage of future
improvements in quantization algorithms (there is a lot of active research in
this area), or purchase better display hardware, to get a better view of JPEG
images you already have. With a GIF, you're stuck forevermore with what was
sent.
It's also worth mentioning that many GIF-viewing programs include rather
shoddy quantization routines. If you view a 256-color GIF on a 16-color EGA
display, for example, you are probably getting a much worse image than you
need to. This is partly an inevitable consequence of doing two color
quantizations (one to create the GIF, one to display it), but often it's
also due to sloppiness. JPEG conversion programs will be forced to use
high quality quantizers in order to get acceptable results at all, and in
normal use they will quantize directly to the number of colors to be
displayed. Thus, JPEG is likely to provide better results than the average
GIF program for low-color-resolution displays as well as high-resolution ones!
Finally, an ever-growing number of people have better-than-8-bit display
hardware already: 15-bit "hi-color" PC displays, true 24-bit displays on
workstations and Macintoshes, etc. For these people, GIF is already
obsolete, as it cannot represent an image to the full capabilities of their
display. JPEG images can drive these displays much more effectively.
Thus, JPEG is an all-around better choice than GIF for representing images
in a machine-independent fashion.
[8] How does JPEG work?
The buzz-words to know are chrominance subsampling, discrete cosine
transforms, coefficient quantization, and Huffman or arithmetic entropy
coding. This article's long enough already, so I'm not going to say more
than that here. For technical information, see the comp.compression FAQ.
This is available from the news.answers archive at rtfm.mit.edu, in files
/pub/usenet/news.answers/compression-faq/part[1-3]. If you need help in
using the news.answers archive, see the top of this article.
[9] What about lossless JPEG?
There's a great deal of confusion on this subject. The JPEG committee did
define a truly lossless compression algorithm, i.e., one that guarantees the
final output is bit-for-bit identical to the original input. However, this
lossless mode has almost nothing in common with the regular, lossy JPEG
algorithm, and it offers much less compression. At present, very few
implementations of lossless JPEG exist, and all of them are commercial.
Saying "-Q 100" to the free JPEG software DOES NOT get you a lossless image.
What it does get rid of is deliberate information loss in the coefficient
quantization step. There is still a good deal of information loss in the
color subsampling step. (With the V4 free JPEG code, you can also say
"-sample 1x1" to turn off subsampling. Keep in mind that many commercial
JPEG implementations cannot cope with the resulting file.)
Even with both quantization and subsampling turned off, the regular JPEG
algorithm is not lossless, because it is subject to roundoff errors in
various calculations. The maximum error is a few counts in any one pixel
value; it's highly unlikely that this could be perceived by the human eye,
but it might be a concern if you are doing machine processing of an image.
At this minimum-loss setting, regular JPEG produces files that are perhaps
half the size of an uncompressed 24-bit-per-pixel image. True lossless JPEG
provides roughly the same amount of compression, but it guarantees
bit-for-bit accuracy.
If you have an application requiring lossless storage of images with less
than 6 bits per pixel (per color component), you may want to look into the
JBIG bilevel image compression standard. This performs better than JPEG
lossless on such images. JPEG lossless is superior to JBIG on images with
6 or more bits per pixel; furthermore, JPEG is public domain (at least with a
Huffman back end), while the JBIG techniques are heavily covered by patents.
[10] Why all the argument about file formats?
Strictly speaking, JPEG refers only to a family of compression algorithms;
it does *not* refer to a specific image file format. The JPEG committee was
prevented from defining a file format by turf wars within the international
standards organizations.
Since we can't actually exchange images with anyone else unless we agree on
a common file format, this leaves us with a problem. In the absence of
official standards, a number of JPEG program writers have just gone off to
"do their own thing", and as a result their programs aren't compatible with
anybody else's.
The closest thing we have to a de-facto standard JPEG format is some work
that's been coordinated by people at C-Cube Microsystems. They have defined
two JPEG-based file formats:
* JFIF (JPEG File Interchange Format), a "low-end" format that transports
pixels and not much else.
* TIFF/JPEG, aka TIFF 6.0, an extension of the Aldus TIFF format. TIFF is
a "high-end" format that will let you record just about everything you
ever wanted to know about an image, and a lot more besides :-). TIFF is
a lot more complex than JFIF, and may well prove less transportable,
because different vendors have historically implemented slightly different
and incompatible subsets of TIFF. It's not likely that adding JPEG to the
mix will do anything to improve this situation.
Both of these formats were developed with input from all the major vendors
of JPEG-related products; it's reasonably likely that future commercial
products will adhere to one or both standards.
I believe that Usenet should adopt JFIF as the replacement for GIF in
picture postings. JFIF is simpler than TIFF and is available now; the
TIFF 6.0 spec has only recently been officially adopted, and it is still
unusably vague on some crucial details. Even when TIFF/JPEG is well
defined, the JFIF format is likely to be a widely supported "lowest common
denominator"; TIFF/JPEG files may never be as transportable.
A particular case that people may be interested in is Apple's QuickTime
software for the Macintosh. QuickTime uses a JFIF-compatible format wrapped
inside the Mac-specific PICT structure. Conversion between JFIF and
QuickTime JPEG is pretty straightforward, and several Mac programs are
available to do it (see Mac portion of section 6A). If you have an editor
that handles binary files, you can strip a QuickTime JPEG PICT down to JFIF
by hand; see section 11 for details.
Another particular case is Handmade Software's programs (GIF2JPG/JPG2GIF and
Image Alchemy). These programs are capable of reading and writing JFIF
format. By default, though, they write a proprietary format developed by
HSI. This format is NOT readable by any non-HSI programs and should not be
used for Usenet postings. Use the -j switch to get JFIF output. (This
applies to old versions of these programs; the current releases emit JFIF
format by default. You still should be careful not to post HSI-format
files, unless you want to get flamed by people on non-PC platforms.)
[11] How do I recognize which file format I have, and what do I do about it?
If you have an alleged JPEG file that your software won't read, it's likely
to be HSI format or some other proprietary JPEG-based format. You can tell
what you have by inspecting the first few bytes of the file:
1. A JFIF-standard file will start with the characters (hex) FF D8 FF E0,
followed by two variable bytes (often hex 00 10), followed by 'JFIF'.
2. If you see FF D8 at the start, but not the rest of it, you may have a
"raw JPEG" file. This is probably decodable as-is by JFIF software ---
it's worth a try, anyway.
3. HSI files start with 'hsi1'. You're out of luck unless you have HSI
software. Portions of the file may look like plain JPEG data, but they
won't decompress properly with non-HSI programs.
4. A Macintosh PICT file, if JPEG-compressed, will have a couple hundred
bytes of header followed by a JFIF header (scan for 'JFIF'). Strip off
everything before the FF D8 and you should be able to read it.
5. Anything else: it's a proprietary format, or not JPEG at all. If you are
lucky, the file may consist of a header and a raw JPEG data stream.
If you can identify the start of the JPEG data stream (look for FF D8),
try stripping off everything before that.
In uuencoded Usenet postings, the characteristic JFIF pattern is
"begin" line
M_]C_X ...
whereas uuencoded HSI files will start with
"begin" line
M:'-I ...
If you learn to check for the former, you can save yourself the trouble of
downloading non-JFIF files.
[12] What about arithmetic coding?
The JPEG spec defines two different "back end" modules for the final output
of compressed data: either Huffman coding or arithmetic coding is allowed.
The choice has no impact on image quality, but arithmetic coding usually
produces a smaller compressed file. On typical images, arithmetic coding
produces a file 5 or 10 percent smaller than Huffman coding. (All the
file-size numbers previously cited are for Huffman coding.)
Unfortunately, the particular variant of arithmetic coding specified by the
JPEG standard is subject to patents owned by IBM, AT&T, and Mitsubishi.
Thus *you cannot legally use arithmetic coding* unless you obtain licenses
from these companies. (The "fair use" doctrine allows people to implement
and test the algorithm, but actually storing any images with it is dubious
at best.)
At least in the short run, I recommend that people not worry about
arithmetic coding; the space savings isn't great enough to justify the
potential legal hassles. In particular, arithmetic coding *should not*
be used for any images to be exchanged on Usenet.
There is some small chance that the legal situation may change in the
future. Stay tuned for further details.
[13] Does loss accumulate with repeated compression/decompression?
It would be nice if, having compressed an image with JPEG, you could
decompress it, manipulate it (crop off a border, say), and recompress it
without any further image degradation beyond what you lost initially.
Unfortunately THIS IS NOT THE CASE. In general, recompressing an altered
image loses more information, though usually not as much as was lost the
first time around.
The next best thing would be that if you decompress an image and recompress
it *without changing it* then there is no further loss, i.e., you get an
identical JPEG file. Even this is not true; at least, not with the current
free JPEG software. It's essentially a problem of accumulation of roundoff
error. If you repeatedly compress and decompress, the image will eventually
degrade to where you can see visible changes from the first-generation
output. (It usually takes many such cycles to get visible change.)
One of the things on our to-do list is to see if accumulation of error can
be avoided or limited, but I am not optimistic about it.
In any case, the most that could possibly be guaranteed would be that
compressing the unmodified full-color output of djpeg, at the original
quality setting, would introduce no further loss. Even such simple changes
as cropping off a border could cause further roundoff-error degradation.
(If you're wondering why, it's because the pixel-block boundaries move.
If you cropped off only multiples of 16 pixels, you might be safe, but
that's a mighty limited capability!)
The bottom line is that JPEG is a useful format for archival storage and
transmission of images, but you don't want to use it as an intermediate
format for sequences of image manipulation steps. Use a lossless format
(PPM, RLE, TIFF, etc) while working on the image, then JPEG it when you are
ready to file it away. Aside from avoiding degradation, you will save a lot
of compression/decompression time this way :-).
[14] What are some rules of thumb for converting GIF images to JPEG?
As stated earlier, you *will* lose some amount of image information if you
convert an existing GIF image to JPEG. If you can obtain the original
full-color data the GIF was made from, it's far better to make a JPEG from
that. But if you need to save space and have only the GIF to work from,
here are some suggestions for getting maximum space savings with minimum
loss of quality.
The first rule when converting a GIF library is to look at each JPEG, to
make sure you are happy with it, before throwing away the corresponding GIF;
that will give you a chance to re-do the conversion with a higher quality
setting if necessary. Some GIFs may be better left as GIFs, as explained in
section 3; in particular, cartoon-type GIFs with sixteen or fewer colors
don't convert well. You may find that a JPEG file of reasonable quality
will be *larger* than the GIF. (So check the sizes too.)
Experience to date suggests that large, high-visual-quality GIFs are the best
candidates for conversion to JPEG. They chew up the most storage so offer
the most potential savings, and they convert to JPEG with least degradation.
Don't waste your time converting any GIF much under 100 Kbytes. Also, don't
expect JPEG files converted from GIFs to be as small as those created
directly from full-color originals. To maintain image quality you may have
to let the converted files be as much as twice as big as straight-through
JPEG files would be (i.e., shoot for 1/2 or 1/3rd the size of the GIF file,
not 1/4th as suggested in earlier comparisons).
Many people have developed an odd habit of putting a large constant-color
border around a GIF image. While useless, this was nearly free in terms of
storage cost in GIF files. It is NOT free in JPEG files, and the sharp
border boundary can create visible artifacts ("ghost" edges). Do yourself
a favor and crop off any border before JPEGing. (If you are on an X Windows
system, XV's manual and automatic cropping functions are a very painless
way to do this.)
cjpeg's default Q setting of 75 is appropriate for full-color input, but
for GIF inputs, Q settings of 85 to 95 often seem to be necessary to avoid
image degradation. (If you apply smoothing as suggested below, the higher
Q setting may not be necessary.)
Color GIFs of photographs or complex artwork are usually "dithered" to fool
your eye into seeing more than the 256 colors that GIF can actually store.
If you enlarge the image, you will see that adjacent pixels are often of
significantly different colors; at normal size the eye averages these pixels
together to produce the illusion of an intermediate color value. The
trouble with dithering is that, to JPEG, it looks like high-spatial-frequency
color noise; and JPEG can't compress noise very well. The resulting JPEG
file is both larger and of lower image quality than what you would have
gotten from JPEGing the original full color image (if you had it).
To get around this, you want to "smooth" the GIF image before compression.
Smoothing averages together nearby pixels, thus approximating the color that
you thought you saw anyway, and in the process getting rid of the rapid
color changes that give JPEG trouble. Appropriate use of smoothing will
often let you avoid using a high Q factor, thus further reducing the size of
the compressed file, while still obtaining a better-looking output image
than you'd get without smoothing.
With the V4 free JPEG software (or products based on it), a simple smoothing
capability is built in. Try "-smooth 10" or so when converting GIFs.
Values of 10 to 25 seem to work well for high-quality GIFs. Heavy-handed
dithering may require larger smoothing factors. (If you can see regular
fine-scale patterns on the GIF image even without enlargement, then strong
smoothing is definitely called for.) Too large a smoothing factor will blur
the output image, which you don't want. If you are an image processing
wizard, you can also do smoothing with a separate filtering program, such as
pnmconvol from the PBMPLUS package. However, cjpeg's built-in smoother is
a LOT faster than pnmconvol...
The upshot of all this is that "cjpeg -quality 85 -smooth 10" is probably a
good starting point for converting GIFs. But if you really care about the
image, you'll want to check the results and maybe try a few other settings.
---------------------
For more information about JPEG in general or the free JPEG software in
particular, contact the Independent JPEG Group at [email protected].
| 1 | trimmed_train |
4,177 | Fellow Info-junkies,
I have an extra CCI #27 (Real Time Programming/Embedded Sensors &
Storage) and an extra CCI #32 (Voice control of telescope, among other
articles). No labels. No torn, cut-up, or missing pages.
Would like to trade for CCI # 26, or CCI # 23, or CCI # 19 in same
condition (Labels OK).
I mail mine you mail yours mutual trust kinda thang OK?
You don't actually throw them away, do you? | 11 | trimmed_train |
4,740 |
That is absolutely correct. They have a streak of meanness that runs much
deeper and stronger than anything I ever experienced even during the height
of the 60's racial struggles. I am absolutely convinced that there are
kids out there today that have no concept of right and wrong, but have the
human intelligence which is turning them into the greatest predators that
have ever walked the earth. They will prevail unless the rest of humanity
decides that it is in their best interest to stand up against these feral
humans, and for individuals to start taking some responsibility for their
own protection. In a state in which the individuals turn to the authorities
and police for protection, the police and government is soon composed of
the very feral humans that they originally sought protection from.
Gee, I guess you touched my hot button. I'd better go cool off somewhere.
| 4 | trimmed_train |
2,504 | Vera Shanti Noyes writes;
Of course I believe in Predestination. It's a very biblical doctrine as
Romans 8.28-30 shows (among other passages). Furthermore, the Church
has always taught predestination, from the very beginning. But to say
that I believe in Predestination does not mean I do not believe in free
will. Men freely choose the course of their life, which is also
affected by the grace of God. However, unlike the Calvinists and
Jansenists, I hold that grace is resistable, otherwise you end up with
the idiocy of denying the universal saving will of God (1 Timothy 2.4).
For God must give enough grace to all to be saved. But only the elect,
who he foreknew, are predestined and receive the grace of final
perserverance, which guarantees heaven. This does not mean that those
without that grace can't be saved, it just means that god foreknew their
obstinacy and chose not to give it to them, knowing they would not need
it, as they had freely chosen hell.
^^^^^^^^^^^
People who are saved are saved by the grace of God, and not by their own
effort, for it was God who disposed them to Himself, and predestined
them to become saints. But those who perish in everlasting fire perish
because they hardened their heart and chose to perish. Thus, they were
deserving of God;s punishment, as they had rejected their Creator, and
sinned against the working of the Holy Spirit.
Well, I would hold that as God most certainly gives everybody some
blessing for what good they have done (even if it was only a little),
for those He can't bless in the next life, He blesses in this one. And
those He will not punish in the next life, will be chastised in this one
or in Purgatory for their sins. Every sin incurs some temporal
punishment, thus, God will punish it unless satisfaction is made for it
(cf. 2 Samuel 12.13-14, David's sin of Adultery and Murder were
forgiven, but he was still punished with the death of his child.) And I
need not point out the idea of punishment because of God's judgement is
quite prevelant in the Bible. Sodom and Gommorrah, Moses barred from
the Holy Land, the slaughter of the Cannanites, Annias and Saphira,
Jerusalem in 70 AD, etc.
not a >good parallel, but i'm going to go with it anyway), why should we
not >stop the murder and violation of people who may (or may not) be more
We should stop the slaughter of the innocent (cf Proverbs 24.11-12), but
does that mean that Christians should support a war in Bosnia with the
U.S. or even the U.N. involved? I do not think so, but I am an
isolationist, and disagree with foreign adventures in general. But in
the case of Bosnia, I frankly see no excuse for us getting militarily
involved, it would not be a "just war." "Blessed" after all, "are the
peacemakers" was what Our Lord said, not the interventionists. Our
actions in Bosnia must be for peace, and not for a war which is
unrelated to anything to justify it for us. | 0 | trimmed_train |
4,453 | Hi netlanders,
Does anybody know if there is something like Macintosh Hypercard for any UNIX
platform?
Thanks in advance
| 16 | trimmed_train |
8,608 |
I must admit that this point has been running through my mind for most of
the discussion: one the dice are out there, it won't be long before someone
decaps it and, after a bit of work, has full details of the Clipper
algorythm. This isn't trivial to do, but then again, it is not impossibly
difficult either. Any half way decent VLSI design student should be able
to take a photograph of a technology s/he is familiar with, and given a
description of the input, output, control and supply lines, figure out
the function of various subsystems on the die. Indeed, this is not an
uncommon exercise performed during training (because it makes you think
about design decisions made by other designers.
I could speculate that these chips are going to be manufactured using
"tamperproof" carriers (unlikely - such techniques are *very* expensive
and this thing is supposed to be relatively cheap to produce), or that
there will be some legal or legislative framework to prevent publication
of the algorythm (unlikely - please correct me if I am wrong but aren't these
supposed to be sold internationally?). I suppose that the most likely
reason the algorythm is remaining secret for the moment is that some idiot
bureaucrat, untrammeled by the realities of the situation, decided that
"well, we should keep it a secret because it is supposed to be secret,
isn't it?"
Just some random thoughts...
| 7 | trimmed_train |
2,846 | Where do I find the Athena Widgets that are needed for xtdm-2.4.8 | 16 | trimmed_train |
858 |
It is more appropriate to address netters with their names as they appear in
their signatures (I failed to do so since you did not bother to sign your
posting). Not only because it is the polite thing to do, but also to avoid
addressing ladies with "Mr.", as you have done.
Secondly, the island of which the name is more correctly spelled as Cyprus has
never been Greek, but rather, it has been home to a bi-communal society formed
of Greeks and Turks. It seems that you know as little about the history and
the demography of the island, as you know about the essence of Turkey's
military intervention to it under international agreements.
Be that as it may, an analogy between an act of occupation in history and what
is going on today on Azerbaijani land, can only be drawn with the expansionist
policy that Armenia is now pursuing.
But, I could agree that it is not for us to issue diagnoses to the political
conduct of countries, and promulgate them in such terminology as
"itchy-bitchy"...
Onur Yalcin
| 6 | trimmed_train |
789 |
[a list of large-integer arithmetic packages elided]
I thought I would note that except Lenstra's packages, none of the
large-integer packages are in the public domain. As an alternative,
a straightforward *PD* implementation of Knuth's algorithms may be
found as a part of Uof Arizona's ICON distribution.
oz | 7 | trimmed_train |
3,175 | ...
It's amazing how everyone automatically blames one side or the other.
One thing for sure: Koresh will have no chance to defend himself
against the statements (lacking in fact or COurt sponsored verification)
made by agents who participated in the situation that killed him.
I don't know they murdered him; I also don't know
that the Branch Davidians set a fire and suicidede.
It is SICK of BATF or FBI spokepeople to make such
comments in advance of forensic pathology.
Stephen: thank you. God speed.
Yah.
BINGO. Am I the only one to notice:
a) No peaceful attempt to serve a warrant.
b) Six months to develop a scene and six days to end it?
c) .... ah God:
25 children
at least 64 adults
plus 6 at the beginning
and more BATF agents
all dead.
Has anyone asked themselves these questions:
1) Have you seen the ENTIRE video sequences taken during the
opening rounds? I seem to recall missing several key parts:
a) The first five minutes of day one; only the shooting
part comes out.
b) What happened to the Feds video units? You mean they do
not carry helmet cams? Wonder why not?
2) How is it you can have camera crews with live transmission
video present and NOT have an uninterrupted record?
a) You realize the units carry ittle bitty 8mm backups?
That hold 90 minutes per unit? And there are
twounits on the professional handhelds (so no
tape turnover gaps)?
b) Until all views are seen, it is premature to point
fingers in either direction.
As you well point out, Stephen.
More on this below.
Yes. But it is so hard toremain human under the full
pressure of hazard, game playing, and life.
More to the point: when someone dies (almost like it was intended
that way), both sides will kill to maintain their innocence --
a contradiction in terms.
True. Usually I pick the unpopular side and point out
from the evidence seen what might have alternatively happened.
This requires someone interested in God's Will. Please note
that the outstanding _overt_ problem in this country today
is one where the Government:
wants Caesar's coin to pay off the debt.
Yes: The AMerican People. Not the Federal Government.
ANd if it is not spent towards that end, _no_one_ deserves
the coin.
Yah. Fewpeople hear the contradiction:
Money
made
in the image
of God
I wish you were wrong. Many pundits are saying 3 years.
The onyl good thing to come out of my divorce (and my
exposure to the Damned (pardon me) American Divorce Attorney
is:
I have no money left to lose to taxes or inflation.
25 children dead. If anyone thinks blaming Koresh -- or the BATF
helps this any at all, is sick. and wrong.
The reason you can tell that the BATF may not be entirely
straight on this is that the leaders at press conferences
havew made ANY comments about even the POSSIBILITY that
Koresh or his followers caused this.
The BATF agentss are more concerned with their repuations
and morals ("not my fault, Koresh did it!") than they
are with:
25 dead children.
Same goes for Koresh & his followers - who are all (mostly) dead.
More on power and favoritism. (My personal opinion).
Look to history: whenever privilege has replaced whatever
token of objective law and justice a society has had,
Hitlerrs have followed.
You do your name sake proud, Stephen.
Its hard, but please keep on keeping on:
each voice in the wilderness now will
save a generation unborn from horror
The day I _need_ a gun or abomb to protect myself in this
society is the day that society is already beyond redemption
and that aint' redundant, if you have any Christian
belief aytall.
... and the day that I cannot peacefully enjoin others in the
act that Thoreau called Civil Disobedience to rectify the
wrongs that my society practises, without undue harm or
punishment befalling me, is the day that society has ceased to
be a human society, and become a society of animals.
We are _very_ cclose to that.
Six years fighting an unjust COurt issue: still struggling to be
patient.
For those who like contrary questions:
NB: I was not there. I am not a Branch Davidian nor a law
official hater. I do hate liars or the six letter variety of same.
The official side has its advocates already; lets balance the
equation and asj a few questions on the other side, for the sake
of an old saw the BATF abd FBI seem to want to bypass:
innocent until proven guilty.
not
innocent until presumed guilty.
1) Where are the video tapes from the tanks? ALL of them.
Don't tell me they do not exist. They are standard
equipment.
2) So you think Koresh fired the place, because of the explosion?
a) Tear gas comes with an aerosol to spread it. This
aerosol is DELIBERATELY made to be as non-flammable
as possible. It is as non-flammable as possible.
.... gotcha!
... when in isolation from other substances.
WHy was a pipe deliveryu system used rather than remote
launchers? WHy did the FBI not announce "this window,
blown in plus tear gas, five minutes; then the wall come
down", and maintain a left to right sequence?
b) Most aerosols also have a secondary compound, that when
mixed in, becomes a VERY flammable (and difficult to trace)
suspension, with a VERY special property: exposure to
brief eruptions of high heat (muzzle blasts) or long
exposure to low heat (matches, a stove) will NOT tend
to ignite.
What other chemicals come up in the forensics?
Who else will be allowed to test the site?
c) After a few minutes to hours (ifdesired, the combnation
rate can be controlled as desired), the mixture can be made
to become veryignitable onb exposure to a temperature
above a certain point (a tracer round) for a certain
heat quantity (a small explosive charge) or for a length
of time (start a wall fire and wait).
Check your military records; look at the tapes.
Why were tanks (large capacity delivey systems),
tear gas (why not somnorifics?), and now (why
the hurry. was there still a comm channel open
to the outside?).
Do you see any trace of fire coming BACK to the
compound in the videos? ALL the videos? Which ones
are missing?
Do I sound paranoid? Maybe. Am I? Probably not.
You trust the FBI and BATF to render judgement?
IN advance of a Court? God help us.
(For we are surely not helping ourselves).
You trut the Federal Gevernment to give us a clean slate?
You are 4.3 trillion (admitted!) down and counting.
Look again.
Did it happen that way? I do not know. I was not there.
AND IT SHOULD WAIT FOR A COURT TO DECIDE.
But will that happen? 89 people will NOT have the chance
to tell their side as the BATF leader was, on camera.
No one wins. Except: more force next time.
Listen to your hearts, people.
Thanx again Stephen.
roy andrew crabtree | 15 | trimmed_train |
5,987 | My next project is to come up with an IF/detector module for fast -- 112
to 250 kB/sec -- packet radio use. No fancy modulation scheme, just
wide FSK for use at 902 or 1296 MHz.
I'm a bit familiar with the Motorola 3362 chip, but I wonder if there
are newer designs that might work at higher input frequencies.
My goal is to come up with an inexpensive design for a receiver "back
end" with IF input on one end and an FSK demondulator on the other. I'm
particularly interested in ways to use a higher IF than 10.7 -- do any
current chips work up to, say 150MHz with internal downconversion so a
normal IF filter can be used?
Any suggestions?
John
| 11 | trimmed_train |
10,021 |
DUDE! Are you nuts? WFAN is second to none. Jody Mac's exit was quite a
loss, but if you think Fredericks On The FAN was much of one, you're pretty
skewed. | 2 | trimmed_train |
8,358 |
Armenia is involved in fighting with Azarbaijan. It is Armenian
soldiers from mainland Armenia that are shelling towns in Azarbaijan.
You might wish to read more about whether or not it is Azeri aggression
only in that region. It seems to me that the Armenians are better
organized, have more success militarily and shell Azeri towns
repeatedly.
I don't wish to get into the Cyprus discussion. Turkey had the right to
intervene, and it did. Perhaps the intervention was not supposed to
last for so long, but the constant refusal of the Greek governments both
on the island and in Greece to deal with reality is also to be blamed
for the ongoing standoff in the region.
Lastly, why is there not a soc.culture.armenia? I vote yes for it.
After all, it is now free. | 6 | trimmed_train |
5,149 |
Judging by the way the Reds' pitchers have performed thus far, it
appears to me that the zone has been squeezed to the size of a grape.
1/2 :-) | 2 | trimmed_train |
4,819 |
Krillean photography involves taking pictures of minute decapods resident in
the seas surrounding the antarctic. Or pictures taken by them, perhaps. | 19 | trimmed_train |
7,797 | Hello fellow humans, and other net creatures...
If you're at all interested in this merchandise, please e-mail me:
[email protected]
I'm compacting my system and moving to a single monitor system, so I have
two monitors and cards for sale. Nothing at all is wrong with these pieces,
I'm just wanting to conserve desk space, and get all of my info from one
screen.
I'd prefer to sell to people near Austin and surrounding areas (within
driving distance - like an hour away perhaps), but I CAN ship to you if you
don't live near here. Only problem is that I didn't keep the original boxes
for the monitors, but I'm confident that my few months of full-time service
in the shipping room will enable me to safely package the monitors and
flip it in your direction.
Details:
Mirror Full Page Display (monochrome) w/nubus card:
---------------------------------------------------
**SOLD**
Sony 1304 14" color monitor:
----------------------------
What's to say? It got top ratings in last year's MacUser report. It's a SONY,
Trinitron, arguably the best (but I'd rather not argue that point).
It's a great monitor, in great shape, but I'm going to a bigger screen,
and although I'd like to keep it, finances don't justify it.
Still selling for $599 at MacLand (where I bought it originally - not
including shipping), will sell for **$475** (plus shipping). Again, make an
offer if that sounds unreasonable.
RasterOps 24si (24-bit accelerated, hardware zoom/pan, 4 meg RAM):
------------------------------------------------------------------
Renamed the 24sx a few months after I bought it, this board is for 13"
monitors, providing **accelerated 24-bit**, hardware zoom/pan, NTSC mode
(you can plug it into something like the RasterOps Video Expander and output
NTSC), and 4 RAM slots that use 1 meg or 4 meg SIMMS for GWorld RAM, or a
RAM disk. Software included for such functions. 4 meg of RAM included (1 meg
SIMMS).
Selling for $605 at Bottom Line (without the RAM - add $100), I'm asking
**$525** (shipping included this time, it's just a card). Original box and
packaging. I'd actually prefer to sell the Sony monitor and this card
together, so if you want both, drop me e-mail and make a "bundled offer"
for these items.
------------
Cheers.
dan keldsen - [email protected]
| 14 | trimmed_train |
8,933 | Perhaps 1%, but most likely not more than 2%. A new study
(discrediting Kinsey) says so. | 13 | trimmed_train |
7,423 |
Yes, but... shouldn't size of newsgroup be an issue? Sorry if this
has been covered before, but comp.grahpics.animation get how much
traffic per day? 50 articles? Maybe 70 on an extremely heavy day?
I've been following this group for about four months now, and I don't
recall ever seeing such a flood of posts that a split would be warranted.
Just my 2 cents, | 1 | trimmed_train |
6,722 | It seems to me that you are the one who is supposed to do some reading. I think
that our major difference in opinion is on the legitimacy of Sevres. First, thattreaty was signed by the Ottoman Empire therefore legally it does not bind the
Republic of Turkey. The new independence movement (which by the way, is not the same as the Young Turks) naturally rejected it out of hand. to say that we
should accept because the Germans did theirs is absurd. We saw what the cosequences of such harsh treaties were in Hitler. Second, the Sevres treaty was even
worse than Versailles. It divided the Ottoman Empire in to several influence
zones, had the capital occupied, the economy under Allied control, the army di
minished to nothing but a police force, in short a country in name only. I'd
wonder if you would like to live under such conditions. And for the record, I donot feel sorry for the soldiers killed in IZMIR harbour. Before evacuating the
city, the Greek forces burned it down, so it serves them right.
As for being fooled by Allied promises, that too is your fault. You did not come to Anatolia just to enforce Sevres but to take part in the plunder as well.
K. Burak Ucer | 6 | trimmed_train |
6,951 | I posted this a couple of weeks ago, and it doesn't seem to have appeared
on the newsgroup, and I haven't had a reply from the moderator. We were
having intermittent problems with our mail at the time. Please excuse me
if you have seen this before...
Should Christians fight?
Last week Alastair posted some questions about fighting, and whether there
are such things as "justifiable wars". I have started looking into these
things and have jotted down my findings as I go. I haven't answered all
his questions yet, and I know what I have here is on a slightly different
tack, but possibly I'll be able to get into it more deeply later, and post
some more info soon.
Our duty to our neighbour:
Do good to all men (Gal 6:10)
Love our neighbour as ourselves (Matt 22:39)
Act the part of the good Samaritan (Luke 10) toward any who may be in
trouble. We will therefore render every possible assistance to an injured
man, and therefore should not be part of any organisation which causes
people harm (even medical corps of the army etc).
Christians are by faith "citizens of the commonwealth of Israel"
(Ephesians 2:11-12), and also recognise that "God rules in the kingdoms of
men", and therefore we should not be taking part in any of the struggles
of those nations which we are not part of due to our faith.
We are to be "strangers and pilgrims" amongst the nations, so we are just
passing through, and not part of any nation or any national aspirations
(this can also be applied to politics etc, but that's another story). We
are not supposed to "strive" or "resist evil" (even "suffer yourselves to
be defrauded") it is therefore incosistent for us to strive to assist in
preserving a state which Christ will destroy when he returns to set up
God's kingdom.
Our duty to the state.
"Render therefore unto Caesar the things which be Caesar's and unto God
the things which be God's" (Luke 20:25).
"Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power
but of God; the powers that be are ordained of God. Whosoever resisteth
the power, resisteth the ordinance of God" (Rom 13:1-2).
"Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake; whether
it be to king as supreme... for so is the will of God that with well doing
ye may put to silence the ignorance of foolish men" (1 Pet 2:13-15)
These scriptures make it clear that submission to the powers that be is a
divine command, but it is equally clear from Acts 5:19-29 that when any
ordinance of man runs counter to God's law, we must refuse submission to
it. The reason for this is that we are God's "bond servants" and His
service is our life's task. An example of the type of thing is in Col
3:22-23 where bondservants were to "work heartily as unto the Lord" - so
also we should work as if our boss was God - i.e. "Pressed down, shaken
together, and running over"... oops - a bit of a side track there...
In the contests between the nations, we are on God's side - a side that is
not fighting in the battle, but is "testifying" to the truth.
When we believe in God and embrace His promises, we become "fellow
citizens with the Saints and of the Household of God", and are no longer
interested in associations of the world. Think of this in relation to
unions etc as well. Paul tells us to "lay aside every weight" that we may
run "the race that is set before us", and if we are wise, we will discard
any association which would retard our progress - "Thou therefore endure
hardness as a good soldier of Jesus Christ. No man that warreth entangleth
himself with the affairs of this life, that he may please him who hath
chosen him to be a soldier" (2 Tim 2:3-4).
One of these entanglements he warns about is "be ye not unequally yoked
together with unbelievers". One of the obvious applications of this is
marriage with unbelievers, but it also covers things like business
partnerships and any other position where we may form a close association
with any person or persons not believing the truth about God (in this case
the army). The principle comes from Deut 22:10 - remember that as well as
them being different animals of different strengths, one was clean and one
unclean under the law. These ideas are strongly stressed in 2 Cor 6:13-18
- I suggest you read this. The yoking also has another aspect - that of
servitude, and Jesus says "take my yoke upon you", so we are then yoked
with Christ and cannot be yoked with unbelievers. We have already seen
that we are bondservants of Christ, and Paul says "become not ye the
bondservants of men (1 Cor 7:23 RV).
An example from the Old Testament: the question is asked in 2 Chr 19:2
"Shouldest thou help the ungodly...?". The situation here is a good
example of what happens when you are yoked together with unbelievers.
Jehoshaphat was lucky to escape with his life. Here are the facts:
1. He had made an affinity with Ahab, who had "sold himself to work
wickedness before the Lord" (1 Kings 21:25).
2. When asked by Ahab to form a military alliance, he had agreed and said
"I am as thou art, my people as thy people" (1 Kings 22:4) - an unequal
yoking.
3. He sttod firm in refusing the advice of the false prophets and insisted
on hearing the prophet of the Lord (trying to do the right thing), he
found that he was yoked and therefore couldn't break away from the evil
association he had made.
God says to us "Come out from among them and be ye separate, and touch not
the unclean thing, and I will receive you and ye shall be my sons and
daughters" (2 Cor 6:17).
This is more or less what I have found out so far - I'm still looking into
it, as I don't think I've answered all the questions raised by Alastair
yet. Heres a summary and a few things to think about:
The Christian in under command. Obedience to this command is an essential
factor in his relationship with Christ (John 15:10,14).
Total dedication to this course of action is required (Romans 12:1-2).
Disobedience compromises the close relationship between Christ and his
followers (1 Pet 2:7-8).
We are to be separated to God (Rom 6:4). This involves a master-servant
relationship (Rom 6:12,16).
No man can serve two masters (Matt 6:24,13,14).
All that is in the 'Kosmos' is lust and pride - quite opposed to Gos (1
John 2:16). Christs kingdom is not of this world (i.e. not worldly in
nature) - if it was, his servants would fight to deliver him. If Christ is
our master and he was not delivered by his servants because his kingdom
was not of this world, then his servants cannot possibly fight for another
master.
Strangers and pilgrims have no rights, and we cannot swear allegiance to
anyone but God.
The servant of the Lord must not war but be gentle to all (2 Tim 2:24) -
this does not just apply to war, but also to avoiding strife throughout
our lives. There is a war to be waged, not with man's weapons (2 Cor
10:3-4), but with God's armour (Eph6:13-20).
I'll probably post some more when I've had time to look into things a bit
further.
| 0 | trimmed_train |
7,555 |
Those who forward offensive posts to the sysadmin aren't curtailing
anyones' freedom of speech. The neo-nazi movement has a right to
make speeches, say anything they want. They do not have a right
to have these speeches published by the N.Y. Times. That depends
on the Times analysis of the economic and to somewhat extent
newsworthy value of those speeches. Likewise to the sysadmin
of this fellows system. If he feels his resources are being
used in a manner that is not in his best interests, or are
perhaps embarassing to his organization, he will act just as
the New York Times does, not to be a conduit for these ideas.
The poster is after all free-loading off of someone else's
pocket book when he posts. He who controls the purse strings
has the right to make the decision how he wants those funds
spent or not spent.
Noone is going to put the poster in jail, unless he bombs a local
building as a symbol of his hatred. Freedom of Speech in no
way equates to accessibility to conduits of information. The
market of ideas has its own "natural selection" process that
weeds out the ga-ga from the credible ideas that are of
importance.
Seth Rosenthal | 6 | trimmed_train |
6,633 |
This list is published every week in Baseball Weekly.
--
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brian Curran Mead Data Central [email protected] | 2 | trimmed_train |
610 | After having OpenWindows
(Version 3 for SunOS 4.1) or Xwindows
running continuously on my machine for 3-4 days,
the following message appears when trying to open
a new window, or to run any program that needs to open windows.
XView error: Cannot open connection to window server: :0.0 (Server
package)
I would greatly appreciate any suggestions to solve this problem. | 16 | trimmed_train |
3,165 |
Well, this is alt.atheism. I hope you arent here to try to convert anyone.
Many would disagree.
[...]
Well, you shouldn't give any particular book too much weight. Actually,
I don't think that any of these statements is correct. It is more likely
that most of Jesus' fame was attributed to him after his death by those
who had some strong motives...
[...]
What's a prophecy, and what's so significant about them?
I think we understand.
Well, sell your computer and donate you life to your religion now...
Don't waste any time. | 8 | trimmed_train |
8,079 | Anti Freeze
I was wrong, still had the issue of "Street Rodder" in
my last pile. In the February 1991 issue on page 24 there
is an advirtisement for anti freeze.
AND IT MAKES A GREAT PARTY MIXER
The Neo Synthetic Oil Company has a reputation for
developing overkill priducts the protect and extend
the life of mechinical things, and here is there latest
development. Propylene Glycol, probably the finest radiator
coolant available. After 100,000 miles of testing, they find
it has a boiling point of 365 degrees (much higher than
conventional coolants)- which helps elminate detonation and
pinging, it allows the use of smaller radiators in race cars,
it will not damage aluminum blocks or heads, and it is
environmentally safe. Yep, this is the good stuff.
Baker Precision Products
Dept SRM
2865 Gundry Ave
Long Beach Ca 90806
[213] 427-2375
I neither endorse or unendorse the above product, I only
copied the advert blurb for others info, YMMV | 12 | trimmed_train |
1,812 |
Mexico City, Bogota, La Paz?
---
An unconventional remedy that you might try for altitude sickness in the Andes is
chewing coca leaves or taking teas made from coca leaves. You might notice that
many of the natives have wads in their mouths... the tea can be obtained in S.
American pharmacies. This remedy alleviates some of the lightheadedness and
dizziness - but don't try to jog with it. I've tried this when travelling and
hiking in Peru and Ecuador. The amount of cocaine you would ingest are too minute
to cause any highs... | 19 | trimmed_train |
7,843 | I am considering making a reasonably large application for free
distribution (probably copylefted). I am going to use X. Now I'm
bewildered by the huge number of "standards" that "open systems" has
created.
I've lived in a fairly tookit-sheltered environment. Most of the tools
here were produced with the Athena Widget set, or X Intrinsics or Xw
(??).
In my humble opinion, they look like crap. I don't know, however, if
this is a characteristic of the tookits, or just poor aestetic taste
in the programmers.
I would like my app to look a little more "sculptured" like mwm. I
understand, however, that mwm isn't free like the other tookits.
I am getting Linux, so I will have InterViews, but I don't know how it
will look. I get the impression Andrew is from the FSF, but I don't
know what it looks like either.
If you can help explain this toolkit mess to me, I would be much
obliged. Which are free? Which are the best? Which are portable? Which
looks nice? Which is not a resource hog?
Also, if you happen to know which are available on Linux and/or Sun,
that would be a big help too. | 16 | trimmed_train |
11,072 |
Hmm ... Turks sure know how to keep track of deaths, but they seem to
lose count around 1.5 million. | 6 | trimmed_train |
5,719 |
Have a look at Ed Belfour.
Belfour kicked Gerrard Gallant when the Wings played the 'Hawks
a couple of weeks ago. No penalty. No review. No suspension.
This was after he attacked Bob Probert in the previous period.
He was penalized for that.
Likewise Belfour. Too bad he goes down so much! :-)
| 17 | trimmed_train |
6,766 | I am looking for an algorithm to determine if a given point is bound by a
polygon. Does anyone have any such code or a reference to book containing
information on the subject ?
Regards | 1 | trimmed_train |
3,316 |
Only the most comprehensive survey on sexuality in 50 years.
Chance and size have nothing in common on the multimillion number scale we are
talking about.
Nobody said that you were. Chill.
Well said.
Actually, the Kinsley Report in 1947(or 48?) used a high percentage of
prisoners so...........
| 13 | trimmed_train |
5,186 | To Mr. Millitello -
Listen, Sammy, can you explain why Buck pitched you in relief
yesterday? I figure no-one would know this better than you yourself.
Jason A. Miller
"some doctor guy" | 2 | trimmed_train |
7,695 | May as well look at one piece of this at a time. This paragraph:
means they aren't planning to make it public, as was done with DES. As it
says in both sci.crypt FAQs, there's no way we are going to achieve the
same level of comfort with Clipper that we finally have with DES if we
can't actually get our hands on the bits and watch them flow around. Even
the best experts aren't going to think of everything: look how long it
took Biham and Shamir to get a handle on just how good DES is... and for
all we know there's still more to learn. | 7 | trimmed_train |
7,861 | Hi Folks,
I recently bought a 1981 Mercury Capri (my first car ever!).
I have noticed a few problems with the car :
1. It gives very low gas mileage (something like
11 miles / gallon ; I hear other car owners speak of
gas-mileage figures like 25 miles/gallon (wow!) etc.).
2. When I start the car, it goes into high idling (something
like 1500 (or is it 15000 ?) rpm. After driving 4 or 5 miles,
it comes down to 300 (or 3000?) rpm.
I would like to know if there is any way by which I can fix these
problems. Or is it natural for an old car like this ? (it has
done about 117,000 miles). Someone suggested that I change/rebuild/
recondition the carburettor. I am not prepared to do it
unless I am sure it will fix the problem. And yes, I got the
car tuned-up recently (within the last 200 miles or so).
Please let me know if you have any suggestions. Please respond
by email since I don't scan this newsgroup regularly.
Thanks.
Regards,
--Sudhi.
--
Sira Gopinath Sudhindranath. email : [email protected]. | 4 | trimmed_train |
6,290 |
without active participation. If you know the Latin, one really
beautiful way to hear the Passion is it's being chanted by three
deacons: the Narrator chants in the middle baritone range, Jesus chants
in the bass, and others directly quoted are handled by a high tenor.
I heard the Gregorian chant of the Passion on Good Friday. In this
liturgy, our Lord is definitely *very* sad. It's as if He has
resigned Himself to die for these poor pitiful creatures who are
killing Him. | 0 | trimmed_train |
5,956 | I have an Intel Above Board (16 bit) with 2 megs of ram
that I would like to sell ASAP. Please email me offers
if interested!
Thanks | 5 | trimmed_train |
10,869 | I'd appreciate any advice about a video card for my system:
486-33 DX, 16 mb of ram
on a Novell 3.11 network
Monitor: NEC 4FGe, capable of 76 Hz vertical refresh rate
Major considerations:
I expect I will work mostly in windows, but with some DOS
applications and I would want decent speed in DOS. I do mostly word
processing, database and communications--not much intensive graphics.
With a 15" monitor, I expect I will work mostly in 800X600 and 256
colors seems plenty, but I'd like like the image to be sharp, fast,
and rock solid.
Other considerations:
I sometimes run a Unix clone (Coherent) and I understand that some
companies (e.g. Diamond?) don't encourage the third-party
development of drivers.
I might move to OS/2 if I decide I need better speed and reliability
than I get with Windows for my database work and multitasking.
I don't have a local bus motherboard--I'm not sure how much to invest
in an ISA video board (versus getting something less expensive now and
upgrading to local bus later).
I like buying things from companies that treat their customers well.
If you have any advice for me, I'd love to hear it via email or post.
Thanks.
| 3 | trimmed_train |
10,845 |
There's been extensive discussion on the CompuServe Cancer Forum about Dr.
Burzynski's treatment as a result of the decision of a forum member's father
to undertake his treatment for brain glioblastoma. This disease is
universally and usually rapidly fatal. After diagnosis in June 1992, the
tumor was growing rapidly despite radiation and chemotherapy. The forum
member checked extensively on Dr. Burzynki's track record for this disease.
He spoke to a few patients in complete remission for a few years from
glioblastoma following this treatment and to an NCI oncologist who had
audited other such case histories and found them valid and impressive.
After the forum member's father began Dr. Burzynski's treatment in
September, all subsequent scans performed under the auspices of his
oncologist in Chicago have shown no tumor growth with possible signs of
shrinkage or necrosis.
The patient's oncologist, although telling him he would probably not live
past December 1992, was vehemently opposed to his trying Dr. Burzynski's
treatment. Since the tumor stopped its rapid growth under Dr. Burzynski's
treatment, she's since changed her attitude toward continuing these
treatments, saying "if it ain't broke, don't fix it."
Dr. Burzynski is an M.D., Ph.D. with a research background who found a
protein that is at very low serum levels in cancer patients, synthesized it,
and administers it to patients with certain cancer types. There is little
understanding of the actual mechanism of activity. | 19 | trimmed_train |
5,652 | My monitor display has a bad case of the wigglies. I have a good ground. I
live in an old house and I have replaced much of the wiring. I have two
EMI filters on the computer, the monitor plugs into the computer. When
fluorescent lights are on upstairs, the display jiggles, when motors run
in the house, the display jiggles, when incandescent lights are on in the
kitchen the display jiggles. I could bring a separate line from the
breaker box, and use it only for the computer, would this do it? EMI
doesn't only travel the 110 volt line though. Should I shield the back of
the monitor? Ground a grid or plate?
Your expertise is appreciated. Thanks very much! Ed Byrnes | 11 | trimmed_train |
5,506 | I only caught the tail end of this one on ESPN. Does anyone have a report?
(Look at all that Teal!!!! BLEAH!!!!!!!!!)
| 2 | trimmed_train |
6,094 |
One of the commentators on one of the Big Three news programs
described the VAT (which ain't a sales tax) as a tax "government's love."
I was even surprised he got the reason right: it effectively hides the
majority of the tax the consumer has to pay *from* the consumer. It's
kind of like they do with cars. You pay far more for automobile taxes than
most people realize because it's contained in two dozen different taxes,
everything from your license to your tires to your gasoline.
| 13 | trimmed_train |
9,202 | Hi,
My friend's 1983 Toyota Tercel accelerates by itself without using
the gas peddel. The repairman said it has a internal leak of air in
the carburetor and needs a new carburetor (costs $650). She likes
to know if it is possible to fix the problem without replacing
the whole carburetor. | 4 | trimmed_train |
10,060 | Hello netters!
I'm visiting the US (I'm from Sweden) in August. I will probably rent a Chevy
Beretta from Alamo. I've been quoted $225 for a week/ $54 for additional days.
This would include free driving distance, but not local taxes (Baltimore).
They also told me all insurance thats necessary is included, but I doubt that,
'cause a friend rented a car last year and it turned out he needed a lot more
insurance than what's included in the base price. But on the other hand he didn't
rent it from Alamo.
Does anyone have some info on this?
Is $225 a rip-off?
Probability that I'll be needing more insurance?
Is the beretta a good rental car?
Thanx | 4 | trimmed_train |
10,670 |
It also runs OS/2 character based apps and POSIX apps. The DOS, 16bit
and 32 bit windows apps run in a windows 32 bit subsystem.
If you consider the fact that NT has:
the Lanman redirectors,
built in support for TCP/IP
built in support for NETBEUI
comes with TCP utils like ping and an ftp client, etc
applications like schedule+ and a 32 bit version of msmail
the storage argument isnt an issue.
I ran it on a 486 with 8MRAM and it did a ton of disk swapping, with a 19M
virtual memory paging file. It functioned but it crawled. (this was the OCT
build)
I upgraded the machine to 16M and the performance is good,
At that point I installed the March Build. Consider they
are probably still working on the feature set, and havent done a lot of fine
tuning to the code yet.
I have little info on Chicago so I cant make a comparison. Is it in Beta? Is
there anyone out there who has tested both and cares to make a comparison?
Just my $0.02 | 18 | trimmed_train |
9,935 | Hi. I recently switched my old Amiga 500 with a 486DX-50. My computer
configuration is :
486DX-50 Mhz. 8/256 kB EISA (Micronics Motherboard ASIC EISA 50Mhz)
16MB Ram
ST3283N 248 MB Harddisk, SCSI
UltraStor24F EISA Cache Controller
When I use Norton6.0 Harddisk benchmark, I get a Harddisk data transfer
about 980 kb/sec. and sometimes 1MB/sec. Is that good ? I thought
that with EISA I could get about 2MB/sec.
Somewhere in the manual for my harddisk I have read, that some host
adapters need to perform a low-level format to optimize the harddisk
performance in that system, do I need that ?
A guy I know, gets a HD transfer about 1.2MB/sec, and he has an ST3283A and
a ISA 486DX-50, how can a ISA with the same system be faster ?
Is there anything that I can do to get a speedier harddisk ?
Thanks.
[email protected] (e-mail is preffered)
| 3 | trimmed_train |
7,046 |
One can feel physical pain by having a body, which, if you know the
doctrine of the resurrection of the body, is what people will have after
the great judgement. "We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the
life of the world to come." - Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed. You
will have both body and soul in hell - eventually. | 0 | trimmed_train |
8,126 | I have a .BAT file that I run under a Windows Icon. I have set up a PIF
file to run the BAT file in exclusive mode and to use the entire screen.
The first line of the BAT file sets an environment variable.
My problem is that on some of our machines (running MS-DOS 5.0 and Windows
3.1 in enhanced mode), the SET command in the BAT file fails with the
OUT OF ENVIRONMENT SPACE error. I have raised the amount of environment
space to 2048 bytes using the SHELL command in CONFIG.SYS so I know that
I am nowhere near to running out. If I just click on the MS-DOS icon,
I can create a bunch of environment varibles from the DOS shell. The problem
is that on some machines, setting the value of an environment variable in
a BAT file fails. Has anyone seen such behavior before? I see no place in the
PIF fail to configure environment space. | 18 | trimmed_train |
4,592 | Hi folks,
what exactly is the maximum memory I can put in
a Quadra 700. My manual says 20MB (with 4 x 4MB SIMMs),
but MacWarehouse and the like advertise 16MB SIMMs to
give it a total of 68MB. Who's wrong? Has anybody got
68MB?
Thanks,
Chris | 14 | trimmed_train |
3,519 |
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Because of this I cannot in good faith recommend a Seca Turbo. Power
delivery is too uneven for a novice. The Official (tm) Dod newbie
bike of choice would be more appropriate because the powerband is so wide
and delivery is very smooth. Perfect for the beginner.
| 12 | trimmed_train |
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