id
int32 1
11.3k
| text
stringlengths 0
74.9k
| label
int64 0
19
| Generalization
stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|
8,548 |
7. Massacre of Jews in WWII: 6.3 million
8. Massacre of other 'inferior races' in WWII: 10 million
9. Communist purges: 20-30 million? [Socialism is more or less a religion]
10. Catholics V Protestants : quite a few I'd imagine
11. Recent goings on in Bombay/Iodia (sp?) area: ??
12. Disease introduced to Brazilian * oher S.Am. tribes: x million
The Desert Brat
| 8 |
trimmed_train
|
8,943 |
Lots of misc and radio related items for sale!
Still trying to lighten my load for moving!
Motorola VHF pager, digital, no voice or readout $15
2 Capacitor checkers
HP 200CD audio oscillator 5 hz to 600 Khz.
1200 feet + brand new 1/2" hardline for tv
with new connectors, this is in 5 pieces
lots of Gain mobile antennas for VHF and UHF
UHF *amp*, input on 75 Mhz in milliwatts and
output on 450 Mhz, 30 watts out. with service
manual, this came out of a Motorola mobilephone.
make reasonable offer. looking for $40 + shipping
or trade for?
RCA tac 300 UHF dash mount 2channel w/service
manual, great condition, currently on GMRS
frequency 462.725 repeater and simplex with
PL of 151.4 hz
$100
Nobratron QR 75-2 power supply by Sorensen, w/service
manual, this is a 2 amp variable power supply, I
have used it at 80 vdc. weight is 45lbs $45.
Motorola tone remote model #1926A, works great,
with monitor button, $75 This unit is used
to remote a base station with only two wires.
Also have tone remote board from Mitrek Super
consolette, make offer, could be used with
above remote! model #TRN-6744A w/schmetics
Both for $100.
Motorola Handhelds, MH-10 (4) w/charger, speaker
mic, leather case, currently on 34.830, w/dpl
DPL decks from Motorola moxy radios
very reasonable esp. if you take all, anyone
offer $10 each for all or trade for?
PL reeds, I have some (30 or so I think)
also dpl code plugs
e-mail if you need some or I will sell all
cheep.
Transmit tubes for GE radios, new in box.
5 DB gain UHF mobile antennas by motorola,
used, sold new for $90, make reasonable offer.
sell 3 for $45 + shipping
Motorcycle control head and cable with frequency
selector and speaker all in one, 4 channel, I
believe this came from a Micom.
Asking $20 + shipping
channel elements for motorola micor, mitrek, motrac
3 sets of vhf micor,
uhf micor, low band motrac, more
Mobile microphones for GE, Motorola, and RCA
reasonable offer.
Motorola DC remote adaptor model #TLN-1127apr
$75
I still have a few business band service manuals
esp. GE and Motorola, e-mail for details.
Phone restrict toll boxes (2) use quarters
DTMF mobile mic
GE Master Pro UHF mobile, not working, with accessories,
this is a trunk mount radio. $20 + shipping
6' GE base cabinet w/19" rack
Duplexer cabinet from vhf duplexers
19" rack base cabinet, Johnson
HD satellite dish jack or arm
2 Spools multi-conductor wire, w/shield, thickness is approx 1/2"
GE Master pro mobile control heads and cables
Eagle model #2 level sensor, tells how full a container is
The above prices do not include shipping!
Some of the above items are pickup only because of
size or weight, locations is Eastern Ohio.
if interested e-mail me or you can call
| 5 |
trimmed_train
|
10,968 |
As of yet, there has been no description of the general principles
behind the Clipper proposal. For example, is this a public key system
or a private key system? If the latter, then I don't see how the
system could work (given that the keys are tied to the device and
not the person).
Further, the escrowed 80-bit keys are split into two 40-bit chunks.
I would guess that the availability of one of these 40-bit chunks
and a reasonable key-search machine, would allow you to read the traffic.
I'm not suggesting that this is a deliberate weakness of the system,
but it does make you think. Of course, this is easily fixable by
giving out two 80-bit chunks which could be x-ored to generate the
real 80-bit key.
| 7 |
trimmed_train
|
6,389 |
On a similar note, has anyone found out a way to do this with MS FoxPro for
Windows? My setup.ini file was modified on disk 1 (all encrypted).. Well,
of course I forgot about Microsoft's stupid arrangement when I got the
software, and used my name (it was paid for by the company I'm doing
consulting for. When my job is done, it's their software).. Any ideas before
I start doing dumb things to a copy of that file??
Mattias
ps NO - I don't want to pirate this software. I just want to avoid having
to buy a new copy in order to change the registration information and then
having a copy lying around I don't use...
maybe I can get a new disk 1...
| 18 |
trimmed_train
|
6,948 |
mjs>Secondly, it is the adhesion of the
mjs>tyre on the road, the suspension geometry and the ground clearance of the
mjs> motorcycle which dictate how quickly you can swerve to avoid obstacles, and
mjs>not the knowledge of physics between the rider's ears. Are you seriously
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
mjs>suggesting that countersteering knowledge enables you to corner faster
mjs>or more competentlY than you could manage otherwise??
ed>If he's not, I will.
Hey Ed, you didn't give me the chance! Sheesh!
The answer is, absolutely!, as Ed so eloquently describes:
ed>Put two riders on identical machines. It's the
ed>one who knows what he's doing, and why, that will be faster. It *may*
ed>be possible to improve your technique if you have no idea what it is,
ed>through trial and error, but it is not very effective methodology.
ed>Only by understanding the technique of steering a motorcycle can one
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
ed>improve on that technique (I hold that this applies to any human
ed>endeavor).
Herein lies the key to this thread:
Kindly note the difference in the responses. Ed (and I) are talking
about knowing riding technique, while Mike is arguing knowing the physics
behind it. It *is* possible to be taught the technique of countersteering
(ie: push the bar on the inside of the turn to go that way) *without*
having to learn all the fizziks about gyroscopes and ice cream cones
and such as seen in the parallel thread. That stuff is mainly of interest
to techno-motorcycle geeks like the readers of rec.motorcycles ;^),
but doesn't need to be taught to the average student learning c-steering.
Mike doesn't seem to be able to make the distinction. I know people
who can carve circles around me who couldn't tell you who Newton was.
On the other hand, I know very intelligent, well-educated people who
think that you steer a motorcycle by either: 1) leaning, 2) steering
a la bicycles, or 3) a combination of 1 and 2. Knowledge of physics
doesn't get you squat - knowledge of technique does!
| 12 |
trimmed_train
|
10,974 |
Does anyone know if there are any devices available for the Mac which
will increase the number of serial ports available for use
simultaneously? I would like to connect up to 8 serial devices to my
Mac for an application I am working on. I must be able to access each
one of the independently.
If such a device exists, are there are any limits to the number of
serial devices I can use?
Any information is appreciated.
| 14 |
trimmed_train
|
4,986 |
It doesn't make a whole lot of difference, actually, since they weren't
building spares of the station hardware anyway. (Dumb.) At least this
is only one launch to fail.
| 10 |
trimmed_train
|
2,155 |
I thought NEC and Toshiba CD-ROM mechanism have an average
access time of less than 200 ms. While the SONY-APPLE CD-ROM
drive has an access time of 300 ms for the doublespin models.
| 14 |
trimmed_train
|
749 |
April 24th is approaching, and Armenians around the world
are getting ready to remember the massacres of their family members
by the Turkish government between 1915 and 1920.
At least 1.5 Million Armenians perished during that period,
and it is important to note that those who deny that this event
ever took place, either supported the policy of 1915 to exterminate
the Armenians, or, as we have painfully witnessed in Azerbaijan,
would like to see it happen again...
Thank you for taking the time to read this post.
| 6 |
trimmed_train
|
1,480 |
I am interested in any information on stereoscopic imaging on a sun
workstation. For the most part, I need to know if there is any hardware
available to interface the system and whether the refresh rates are
sufficient to produce quality image representations. Any information
about the subject would be greatly appreciated.
| 1 |
trimmed_train
|
8,535 |
You could take my wrongly spelled surname :-).
Cheers,
Kent Sandvik
| 8 |
trimmed_train
|
9,172 |
But ultimately their hockey philosophies are like night and day...
Keenan believes in pressuring the opposition and taking the
initiative (within the limits of his system)...while Roger
has a reactive hockey philosophy...which is why Messier will
be able to and has played for Keenan, but thought Roger's way
was a sure loser.
Roger is a great assistant coach...but considering what must be bad
blood between Nielson and Messier, it would be a mistake to bring
him back even in that role.
| 17 |
trimmed_train
|
5,251 |
A slightly used (less than two months old) SupraFaxModem is for sale.
It comes with latest ROM 1.2H, communication software, fax software,
original manuals, and the original registration card.
Here are some specs:
Model # : SUPFAXV32BIS
Description : SupraFaxModem V.32bis
Type : Internal
Data Speed : 14,400/12,000/9600/7200/4800/2400/1200/300 bps data
(upto 57000bps with V.42 data compression)
Protocols : Bell 103/212A,CCIT V.21/V.22/V.22bis/V.32/V.32bis/V.42/
: V.42bis, MNP 2-5, & MNP 10
Fax : 14,400/12,000/9600/7200/4800/2400 bps send/receive fax
: Class 1 & 2 commnads
: Group III compatible
Transmission: V.17,V.29,V.27ter
other :
non-volatile memory; autoanswer/autodial (tone or pulse);
extended AT commands and result codes; includes diagnostics,
phone jacks, subscriptions to free online services.
5 year warranty.
Asking : $180 (neg.) + S/H
If interested, please e-mail.
| 5 |
trimmed_train
|
9,031 |
} >} [Stuff about upated inning scores deleted.]
} >at just that exact time to see the message. even results after the game
} >is over are not necessary, thanks to Mr. Hernandez who posts daily
} >standings and results here every day.
}
} Am I supposed to take that as a compliment or a put down? Just wondering.
it was meant entirely, 100%, as a compliment.
} I do this as a service to the entire baseball world on USENET, especially
} for those in the East Coast who can't get final scores for West Coast games
} in their newspapers or late TV newscasts. This is helpful to fans in other
} countries who either receive only weekly scores or updates by the week. Also,
} many have requested for this kind of service previously but it was only
} available through BBS's or some pay news services. By the way, mine is free
} of charge and has no copyright restrictions.
i was not trying to criticize your service at all.
in fact, i was trying to encourage others to use it.
i don't personally use it, but i'm sure others do, and that was my point in
posting--there is no need for individuals to duplicate, in an ad hoc fashion,
what you have already organized.
} >if you want to send updates and scores, set up a private mailing list
} >and use that.
}
} Remember I only post final scores and the updated standings once a day to the
} rec.sport.baseball newsgroup. Other than that, everything is done through
} private e-mail. Currently, there are 986 people on my mailing list that
} branches off into other mailing lists available for many others. And the list
} grows by an average of 35 people a day.
having one person, such as yourself, who does it, is a great idea.
having 100 do it is not. that's all.
keep up the good work, Joseph.
| 2 |
trimmed_train
|
4,618 |
: Mr Connor's assertion that "more complex" == later in paleontology
: is simply incorrect. Many lineages are known in which whole
: structures are lost -- for example, snakes have lost their legs.
: Cave fish have lost their eyes. Some species have almost completely
: lost their males. Kiwis are descended from birds with functional
: wings.
Joel,
The statements I made were illustrative of the inescapably
anthrpomorphic quality of any desciption of an evolutionary process.
There is no way evolution can be described or explained in terms other
than teleological, that is my whole point. Even those who have reason
to believe they understand evolution (biologists for instance) tend to
personify nature and I can't help but wonder if it's because of the
limits of the language or the nature of nature.
| 8 |
trimmed_train
|
6,012 |
Their phone number is 1-800-377-9777. The last catalog shows three
Oaks jerseys: 36 Home, 42 Home, 39 Home - they're each $165.00. All their
merchandise is handmade and is an authentic replica. I own a couple -
and they are excellent. They also have wool caps and jackets. You should
call to get on their mailing list even if you can't afford their prices.
| 2 |
trimmed_train
|
3,856 |
I do not think it is at all unlikely that Clinton ro his policy
wonk facilitators arranged the Waco raid as a display piece for the
Gun War on the Constitution. Look at what the Bush administration did to
get material for the Drug War on the Constitution--remember that baggie of
crack George waved at the cameras? They took a dealer from the ghetto
and brought him to the White House so they could say drugs had been
dealt onb the White House Lawn.
And I don't think anybody could honestly think Clinton would have any
moral qualms about the raid...
The only really worrisome thing is that the BD's heroic defense of
their ranch will make Clinton's Gun War on the Constitution _more_
successfull--exactly as he wanted. The media and politicians will
filter this so that the general public will think the BD's
are bad guys! Don't help them. Stand up for the BD's with your
friends and family adnd in public anytime you can--their supposed
moral qualms are not important to the issue. They are heroes in the
fight against oppressive government; it could just as well have been
you.
[email protected] (Brian E Watkins)
| 9 |
trimmed_train
|
10,631 |
I have a lot of CDs for sale. Prices are $7 per CD and $3 per CD Single.
CDs are noted by (CD) and CD Singles by (CDS). Please include $1 extra
per CD for s/h costs. IF you want to buy a lot of them, then we'll work
out a deal with the shipping costs!
Type Group Title
---------------------------------------------
CDS Boys to Men Motown Philly
CDS C & C Music Factory Keep it Comin'
CDS Moby Go (Remixes)
CDS Quadrophonia Schizophrenia
CDS Swing Out Sister Not Gonna Change
CDS Recoil Faith Healer
CDS Seal The Beginning
CDS Transvision Vamp Tranvision Vamp
CDS C & C Music Factory Gonna Make U Sweat
CDS Nitzer Ebb Godhead
CDS Roxette How Do You Do!
CDS B-52's Good Stuff
CDS Duran Duran Violence of Summer
CDS Nitzer Ebb AS IS
CDS Vanessa Williams Running Back to You
CD Seal SEAL
CD LFO Frequencies
CD Morissey Kill Uncle
CD Underworld Change the Weather
CD Jody Watley You Wanna Dance With Me?
CD Dead or Alive Fan the Flame
CD Transvision Vamp Velveteen
CD Adam Ant Manners & Physique
CD Fine Young Cannibals The Raw & the Remix
CD Black Box Dreamland
CD Civilles & Cole Greatest Remixes Vol. 1
CD Black Box Mixed Up!
CD Scorpions The Best of Rockers &
Ballads
CD A & M Underground Dance Jam Harder
| 5 |
trimmed_train
|
9,712 |
Awww, right, you want all the home mechanics lined up against a wall and
shot eh?
Bull Pucky you chicken! Read the service manual and get your head out of the
sand! Certainly there are tools for the job that are cheaper than an alignment
rack, that do the job as competently (albeit, not as swiftly), if not
more accurate, due to the natural pride an owner/mechanic places on his work.
You can do an `acceptable' job of aligning a car using simple tools and
some imaginative work that would *never* have the effect of endangering
anyones life. The worst that happens is that your tires wear oddly (well,
you could have the wheels aiming TOTALLY pigeon toed and not be able
to steer the car, raise your hands those that think their vision is
so poor that they would screw up this badly!)
I bet you are one of those people that feels that honing a cylinder wall
with sand paper will kill millions of people. It aint magic. Go take the
certification course, and look at the people that have never learned to add
in their whole life that are taking the certification!
BTW, I am disgusted at the Colt (and some of the other Chrysler offerings)
because they go out of alignment if you sneaze at them. My '84 Chrysler
Laser (Similar to the Daytona, a reskinned Colt) needed a realignment every
3 months ... Bolt a good grade 12' 2x4 to each wheel, using a carefully welded
spacer jig. Measure toe in, adjust to manufacturer specs. Camber a bit more
difficult to adjust and measure ... I used a micrometer to measure the
space between the rim and a funky bent up pipe that could be placed on
upper and lower portions of the rim on the inside of wheel (hard to explain).
This same tool could be used instead of the 2x4s. I had made these tools up
*right* after the last alignment done professionally so I had a reference that
the original poster might not ...
| 4 |
trimmed_train
|
3,244 |
Is anyone familiar with Doug Sturm?
| 0 |
trimmed_train
|
4,095 |
Ok, so how about the creation of oil producing bacteria? I figure
that if you can make them to eat it up then you can make them to shit it.
Any comments?
| 10 |
trimmed_train
|
7,677 |
They recycled a lot of models and theme music for UFO. Some of the
concepts even showed up in SPACE: 1999.
| 10 |
trimmed_train
|
2,637 |
The 1941 Lincoln Continental was the first car to sport the "continental
kit." The continental kit is not to be confused with ye olde outside
mounting bracket; a continental kit is a very specific ornament/storage
compartment. (The 1941 Continental has a neat trunk; it looks rather
like a laundry hamper, IMHO. :-)
James
| 4 |
trimmed_train
|
1,277 |
:
: What are the current products available to upgrade the resolution?
: Which ones support postscript?
:
: Any experiences with them, either good or bad?
:
: Is the quality difference really noticable?
:
: I'm planning on producing camera ready copy of homes. Will the higher
: resolution be noticed for these?
:
If you are talking about laser jet 4 then I believe it has to be postscript.
I don't see any advantage to using PCL when you have a peice of hardware
plugged into the LJ4 that is doing the work and it can support any language
that is suited for the job. Besides I don't think PCL is even capable of
handling 1200 dpi specifications. I only have experience with the Laser
Master Winjet 1200 which brings the LJ4 up to 1200 dpi and it uses postscript.
It also has a fast print mode which is not postscript, and it is at a lower
resolution (600dpi I think), but it is FAST!!!! This particular product
uses your host processor to process the postscript, so even with a decent
PC you know it's going to be slow i.e. slow compared to a high-end workstation
processed PS.
The quality difference is very noticable and is almost worth the wait (for
the PS processing) - I'm rather impatient.
We were using it for B&W camera images (RS-170). The gray scale image was
accepted by MS Word and handed to the Winjet PS printer driver which converts
the image into postscript and then hands it off to the Winjets postscript
processor. The postscript is rendered into RAM (lots of it) and when it
is done it shoots it directly to the printer. The PS processor can also
accept PS files created from other sources including DOS applications, but
Windows has to be running at the time of printing. The PS processor is
responsible for the halftoning and I'd say it does a pretty good job. Our
camera images came out very good in my opinion. (not as good as Laser Master's
demo though).
I don't know how many other similar products are out there but I would be
surprised if there are several.
| 3 |
trimmed_train
|
4,491 |
Annoying??? Are you actually using one or are you just talking? ;-)
I'm sitting in from of one right now and I must say I never notice them! Yes,
of course I can see them if I look, but annoying? NO WAY!!!
Christian
| 3 |
trimmed_train
|
4,270 |
Hello,
Let me introduce a problem:
When I measure a sinusoidal wave (voltage) with a digital voltmeter, using
AC mode, my output is an rms value (a peak value over 2 squared). / Right? /
When I measure a square wave in the same mode (AC), my output is equal
to a peak value, actually, to the upper flat boundary of the wave.
I assumed, that a digital voltmeter makes some kind of integration of the
input value, and divides it over the wave period. / Right?/
Now, I used it to measure the same square wave as above, but distorted
by high-frequency harmonics. Ideally, output should be the same, but...
The output value was only about 10% of the previous one!
Why? What is the nature of this output value? What does the voltmeter
actually measure? And what does it show?
Related question (less important to me):
What are advantages and disadvantages of digital voltmeters to compare with
analog ones?
Thank you for your attention, you could mail me your opinion at
[email protected] or open a discussion here. I would appreciate either
way.
Alexander V. Mamishev
____________________________________________________________________________
Power System Automation Laboratory <> phone office (409) 845-4623
Department of Electrical Engineering <> phone home (409) 846-5850
Texas A&M University <> fax (409) 862-2282
College Station, TX 77843, USA <> Internet: [email protected]
| 11 |
trimmed_train
|
8,627 |
Up until last week, I have been running POVray v1.0 on my 486/33 under DOS5
without any major problems. Over Easter I increased the memory from 4Meg to
8Meg, and found that POVray reboots the system every time under DOS5. I had
a go at running POVray in a DOS window when running Win3.1 on the same system
and it now works fine, even if a lot slower. I would like to go back to
using POVray directly under DOS, anyone any ideas???
John
| 1 |
trimmed_train
|
4,766 |
Well, if we're going to discuss being a police officer in
America today.
The FBI lists 132 police officers killed (feloniously and
accidentally) in 1990. That's apparently everybody at all levels.
Year Officers killed Rate/100,000 police officers
1982 164* 47.6
1983 152** 40.2
1984 147 39.4
1985 148*** 37.9
1986 133 34.9
1987 148 39.0
1988 155**** 41.9
1989 145***** 38.1
1990 132 32.0
* Includes one officer in Mariana Islands
** Includes one officer each in Guam and Mariana Islands
*** Includes one officer in Guam and two in foreign locations
**** Includes one officer in American Samoas and two in foreign countries
***** Includes one officer in Guam and one Federal officer killed in
Peru
God, I love the information age! :-)
| 9 |
trimmed_train
|
7,674 |
Attacking? Who is attacking who? Even the country you live in,USA, have condemned
Armenia for it's attacking. And you start to say that the attackers
are the Azeris?????
|>Armenians have lived in Nagorno Karabakh ever since there were Armenians
?????
Azeris have lived in Nagorno Karabakh ever since there were Azeris...
Don't come with nonsence, there is no reason to attack a people
just because a man called "Gorbatjov and co." gave the "freedom" to the people
in this area.
It's easy for people like you to blame history. The were a lot of
Indians living in USA. There is no reason for these
Indians to attack the "American"
people and say:"It was the fault of the government of Germany and Great
Britain, because they made people come to our place......" Armenians lived in
harmony with the Azeris until "Gorbatjov and co." gave "freedom" to the people
in Karabag, then the Armenians started to kill, rape and torture the Azeris, not only
in Karabag but also noe in Azerbadjan....
|>It's too bad you would want Turkey to start a war with Armenia.
That's what i don't want, you couldn't imagine the result of a war.....
So France, Greece and USA wants to start fighting with Azerbadjan????
They give a lot more weapons to the Armenians without
saying it, that's no secret any more......
I must say that these Armenian Government is very shortsighted.
Do they think that they shall move from it's neigbours when the war
is over???? The neighbour around will be there and Armenia must
live in harmony with these if they don't want a "stone-age" country,
for that's what's will happen Armenia if the wars continues.
Look, The President of Turkey, Turgut Ozal, died and Petrosyan
the Armenian Presindent is now in Turkey for the funeral. Is it because
he liked him? Sure NOT, because Armenia needs it's neighbours and must
live with these. But Armenia can't stop this war with continued ordertaking
from states like France and USA. With other words, if you love your people
you must think twice.....
And i wonder, "Shoot down turkish planes" WITH WHAT????? ohhh i forgot
the Armenians can't find food but there are a lot of arms from the mentioned
countries.....
| 6 |
trimmed_train
|
11,065 |
)
)That's your mistake. It would be better for the children if the mother
)raised the child.
)
)One thing that relates is among Navy men that get tatoos that say "Mom",
)because of the love of their mom. It makes for more virile men.
)Compare that with how homos are raised. Do a study and you will get my
)point.
)
)But in no way do you have a claim that it would be better if the men
)stayed home and raised the child. That is something false made up by
)feminists that seek a status above men. You do not recognize the fact
)that men and women have natural differences. Not just physically, but
)mentally also.
) [...]
)Your logic. I didn't say americans were the cause of worlds problems, I
)said atheists.
) [...]
)Becuase they have no code of ethics to follow, which means that atheists
)can do whatever they want which they feel is right. Something totally
)based on their feelings and those feelings cloud their rational
)thinking.
) [...]
)Yeah. I didn't say that all atheists are bad, but that they could be
)bad or good, with nothing to define bad or good.
)
Awright! Bobby's back, in all of his shit-for-brains glory. Just
when I thought he'd turned the corner of progress, his Thorazine
prescription runs out.
I'd put him in my kill file, but man, this is good stuff. I wish
I had his staying power.
Fortunately, I learned not to take him too seriously long,long,long
ago.
/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\
Bob Beauchaine [email protected]
They said that Queens could stay, they blew the Bronx away,
and sank Manhattan out at sea.
| 8 |
trimmed_train
|
1,300 |
The flushing is due to vascular dilation, part of a migraine attack.
Some people event get puffy and swollen. As long as you are careful
you can see well enough to avoid getting hit in the face or eye by
the ball, migraine will not hurt your health.
--
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gordon Banks N3JXP | "Skepticism is the chastity of the intellect, and
[email protected] | it is shameful to surrender it too soon."
| 19 |
trimmed_train
|
1,987 |
Group A Group B
~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~
Cardiff Devils 7-3 Bracknell Bees Nottingham Panthers 8-3 Billingham
Humberside 7-7 Whitley Warriors Murrayfield Racers 11-2 Fife Flyers
Whitley Bay 6-9 Cardiff Devils Billingham Bombers 6-8 Murrayfield
Humberside 8-5 Bracknell Bees Nottingham Panthers 11-5 Fife Flyers
Cardiff Devils 10-4 Humberside Murrayfield Racers 6-4 Nottingham
Bracknell Bees 4-9 Whitley Bay Fife Flyers 2-5 Billingham
Bracknell Bees 3-8 Cardiff Devils Billingham Bombers 2-8 Nottingham
Whitley Bay 5-7 Humberside Fife Flyers 3-12 Murrayfield
P W D L F A P P W D L F A P
Cardiff Devils 4 4 0 0 34 16 8* Murrayfield Racers 4 4 0 0 37 15 8*
Humberside 4 2 1 1 26 27 5 Nottingham Panthers 4 3 0 1 31 16 6*
Whitley Bay 4 1 1 2 27 27 3 Billingham Bombers 4 1 0 3 16 26 2
Bracknell Bees 4 0 0 4 15 32 0 Fife Flyers 4 0 0 4 12 39 0
* indicates qualified for Championship Finals
Relegation/Promotion A Relegation/Promotion B
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Basingstoke 10-4 Swindon Wildcats Sheffield Steelers 12-8 Peterborough
Durham Wasps 13-5 Romford Raiders Slough Jets 1-9 MK Kings
Basingstoke 6-0 Durham Wasps Sheffield Steelers 9-4 Milton Keynes
Swindon 8-5 Romford Raiders Milton Keynes Kings 4-6 Peterborough
Durham Wasps 17-2 Swindon Wildcats Slough Jets 2-12 Sheffield
Romford 4-10 Basingstoke Peterborough 10-2 Slough Jets
Romford *8-3* Durham Wasps Peterborough 8-5 Sheffield
Swindon 7-11 Basingstoke Milton Keynes Kings 10-4 Slough Jets
P W D L F A P P W D L F A P
Basingstoke 4 4 0 0 37 15 8 Sheffield Steelers 4 3 0 0 38 22 6
Durham Wasps 4 2 0 2 33 21 4 Peterborough 4 3 0 1 32 23 6
Swindon 4 1 0 3 21 43 2 Milton Keynes Kings 4 2 0 2 27 20 4
Romford Raiders 4 1 0 3 22 34 2 Slough Jets 4 0 0 4 9 41 0
| 17 |
trimmed_train
|
11,036 |
At the risk of starting the 'my gun is better than yours' flame
war, I must disagree.
There is no secret in handling a Glock. In fact, it is often
chosen (besides its other merits) because it shoots like a revolver does
basically. It can limit the training time (read budget $$$) due to the
fact there are no 'external' safties other than the trigger, hence less
training time required.
Smith & Wesson (among other types) are chosen due to the fact taht
they do have the external safties (hammer drop,as well as mag drop) which
if properly used have saved many lives when 'Mr. Bad' snatched the gun
from the officer and tried to shoot said officer the gun was on safe and
would not fire. This point had been made in many articles in various
gun magazines. If fact, one author (can't remember who) staged a little
test where he had a revolver and a S&W on safe laying on a table and asked
people with little firearms experience to on his signal, grab the gun and
shoot a target. He timed the people using each gun. The revolver times
were pretty close, but some of the times with the S&W were in minutes, or
the person just gave up because they could not figure out the saftey.
You don't often see Colt 45 autos issued due to the light trigger
which can be accidentally fired in a stress situation, opening the issuing
city,county, etc.. to lawsuits, bad press, etc..
Of course any problem can be overcome with enough training, but
such training is not always available to budget crunched departments. I
know if I were a Cop I would want something like a S&W just for the off
chance of the gun getting taken away. The safety doesn't guarantee that
'Mr. Bad' won't figure it out and shoot me, but it could buy enough time
to draw a second gun and shoot 'Mr. Bad' before it's too late.
Don't think I am too biassed here just because I have had 3 Glocks
in my possession at one time, because I have had a .45 as well. In fact,
it was my first handgun. Remember, the ultimate 'safety' is YOU the
operator, and no safety is going to stop an negligent discharge (note I
don't say accidental) if you break the rules of gun handling.
As per the part of being light weight and looking cool, I agree
100%. I wouldn't rule it out as a first purchase.
| 9 |
trimmed_train
|
10,545 | 15 |
trimmed_train
|
|
3,002 |
Oh, why do you expose your ignorance? The US has been running on debt for
the past four generations and has still financed what it pleases.
And after the Gulf War, Israel could do whatever it wanted after
not decimating Iraq after the Scud attacks. It was encouraged, but
by no means forced, to negotiate.
Mr. Baker, to address all of your points would be impossible, but in a
nutshell, it is hypocritical for you to attack Israel's presence in
Lebanon without attacking Syria. Syrian occupation has been hostile,
and amounts to annexation. Israel's is clearly defensive. If it
were not defensive, you would see all of Lebanon occupied, and governed by
Israel. But that is not what Israel wants.
| 6 |
trimmed_train
|
4,767 |
Forwarded from the Mars Observer Project
MARS OBSERVER STATUS REPORT
April 23, 1993
10:00 AM PDT
Flight Sequence C8 is active, the Spacecraft subsystems and instrument
payload performing well in Array Normal Spin and outer cruise
configuration, with uplink and downlink via the High Gain Antenna; uplink
at 125 bps, downlink at the 2 K Engineering data rate.
As a result of the spacecraft entering Contingency Mode on April 9, all
payload instruments were automatically powered off by on-board fault
protection software. Gamma Ray Spectrometer Random Access Memory
was successfully reloaded on Monday, April 19. To prepare for
Magnetometer Calibrations which were rescheduled for execution in Flight
Sequence C9 on Tuesday and Wednesday of next week, a reload of Payload
Data System Random Access Memory will take place this morning
beginning at 10:30 AM.
Over this weekend, the Flight Team will send real-time commands to
perform Differential One-Way Ranging to obtain additional data for
analysis by the Navigation Team. Radio Science Ultra Stable Oscillator
testing will take place on Monday .
The Flight Sequence C9 uplink will occur on Sunday, April 25, with
activation at Midnight, Monday evening April 26. C9 has been modified to
include Magnetometer Calibrations which could not be performed in C8 due
to Contingency Mode entry on April 9. These Magnetometer instrument
calibrations will allow the instrument team to better characterize the
spacecraft-generated magnetic field and its effect on their instrument.
This information is critical to Martian magnetic field measurements
which occur during approach and mapping phases. MAG Cals will require
the sequence to command the spacecraft out of Array Normal Spin state
and perform slew and roll maneuvers to provide the MAG team data points
in varying spacecraft attitudes and orientations.
| 10 |
trimmed_train
|
8,806 |
Doug> NNTP-Posting-Host: se05.wg2.waii.com
Doug> ..continuing on my build problems, I got stuck here build xterm...
Doug> Undefined first referenced
Doug> symbol in file
Doug> index /usr/ucblib/libtermcap.a(termcap.o)
Doug> rindex /usr/ucblib/libtermcap.a(termcap.o)
Doug> ld: fatal: Symbol referencing errors. No output written to xterm
Actually .. the problem is that you have to build with LD_LIBRARY_PATH
unset as well as LD_RUN_PATH.
| 16 |
trimmed_train
|
3,355 |
Like, there's a FAQ for this?
| 12 |
trimmed_train
|
11,220 |
I have the following items for sale.
Buyer pays the shipping costs.
Hardware is new and unused unless marked otherwise.
All software includes original disks and manuals.
No reasonable offers refused.
Send offers/questions to [email protected]
Hardware
---------
Hercules Graphics Card - mono graphics and printer ports
Hercules Color Card - color graphics and printer ports
Teac 1.2MB 5.25" floppy drive - doesn't work, sold as is for reapir or
parts
IBM ASYNC card - serial card for PC/XT/AT machines, comes with support
software
Kraft KC10 joystick - works with PC compatibles and Apple II series (not
Mac)
360K 5.25" floppy disks - over 200 bulk-grade disks
2 floppy disk storage boxes - each holds 60 5.25" disks, one has a lock
on it
Software
---------
Microsoft Macro Assembler 5.0 and 5.1 update - large manual and tutorial
included
Sideways 3.0 - rotates wide spreadsheets 90 degrees to print on 1 page
Games
------
WolfPack - WWII submarine simultaion
Space Station Oblivion - arcade-style game similar to Spectre
Demon Stalkers - dungeon game, like Gauntlet
Zork II, Moonmist, Ballyhoo - Infocom adventure/mystery games
Jack Nicklaus' Unlimited Golf and Course Design - excellent golf game
War In Middle Earth - similar to D&D games, based on Tolkien's "The
Hobbit"
Sargon 4 - excellent chess game, play against someone or against computer
Silent Service II - submarine simulation
| 5 |
trimmed_train
|
2,187 |
ADL authorities seem to view a lot of people as dangerous, including
the millions of Americans of Arab ancestry. Perhaps you can answer
the question as to why the ADL maintained files and spied on ADC members
in California (and elsewhere??)? Friendly rivalry perhaps?
Perhaps Yigal is a Greenpeace member? Or the NAACP? Or a reporter?
Or a member of any of the dozens of other political organizations/ethnic
minorities/occupations that the ADL spied on.
Paranoia?
The names of half the posters on this forum, unless they already
have them.
| 6 |
trimmed_train
|
5,842 |
Article in this morning's Houston Post...."negotiators send food to
rebellious inmates as humanitarian gesture"...speaking about the Ohio prison
riot where they have killed at least one of the hostage guards.
I know it's not the same "group" but the mindset appears to be common to
"those what rule" here lately....they won't give diddley to the BD's in Waco
but they treat criminals as deserving of "humanitarian gestures".
This is but another indicator that the criminal caste seems to enjoy more
priviliges in today's society than their victims or other law abiding
citizens. What is it that makes the criminal so precious to the "leaders of
the system"?
Could it be that the criminal is one of the "tools" the "authorities" are
using to "excuse" some of the rights negation they are trying to foist upon
the law abiding citizen in the name of crime control....don't solve the crime
problem because then the citizen couldn't be held hostage to "our help".
If the crime problem were solved in favor of the citizen/victim at the
expense of the criminal none of the crap such as RICO and gun banning could
be used as excuses to work the agenda of those who would control our every
move and thought.
---
. OLX 2.2 . If I have to explain, you wouldn't understand.
| 9 |
trimmed_train
|
10,500 |
Hey puppy, you are getting further around the bend every day. But
I wouldn't miss your adolescent ravings for the world, everyone
needs a good laugh now and then. :-)
| 13 |
trimmed_train
|
7,732 |
Actually not. Brett himself has actually posted the data previously.
What declined from 84 to 89, as I remember it, was _percent
increase_in_deficit_growth, i.e. the rate of growth of the deficit
(2nd derivative of total deficit with respect of to time) decreased.
Brett apparently has numbed himself into thinking that the deficit
declined. If you keep spending more than you earn, the deficit keeps
growing. If you keep _borrowing_ at a lesser rate than you borrowed
previously, the deficit increases. You only decrease deficits when your
income exceeds spending and you use the difference to pay off debts.
Figgie's book paints the real data, pictorially, in gory detail. Each
president, essentially ran up twice as much total debt, in half the time.
Reagan/congress was simply awful. Bush/congress was unbelievable.
As a really rigorous aside to this thread.....
During pledge night the other night on the public channel, there was an
"economist" who gave an hour or so presentation. His data was predictive
and based largely on population data. I don't know his name, but his
arguments were brilliant. He confirmed, with data, what many of us know
with common sense -- the boom of the 80's has nothing to do with government
policy, particularly "supply side" policy, since taxes do not "cause"
economic activities. People cause economic activity. More can be
explained by watching population waves roll through the years and
create cycles. He has made models and predictions for years well into
the middle of next century. It will be neat to see how accurate he
is.
| 13 |
trimmed_train
|
9,417 |
Considering that Clinton received a draft notice and got out of it (he admits it) the political feasibility of him abolishing it is not something he would
be inclined to risk any extra exposure on.
If you read Aviation Week, the C-5 line can be reopened and the C-5s
would be delivered a year earlier and cost a billion less for the
program. Politically, though, the C-17 is popular pork.
Agreed. Congress took money from NASA and FHA to fund the second Seawolf.
The shipyards are still building Los Angeles Class submarines and there
is a lack of ASW foes to contend with. The Navy is considering reducing
the number of attack subs to 40 (Navy Times) and that would entail
getting rid of or mothballing some of the current Los Angeles class.
Politically, General Dynamics is in Connecticut and we will get
Seawolf subs whether we need them or not.
In addition, more bases need to be closed. Probably Long Beach Naval Station
and others. The Navy is talking about three main bases on each coast being
required to home port a total fleet of 320 ships.
The question is whether Les Aspin and Clinton will be able to face down
a pork happy Congress.
| 13 |
trimmed_train
|
8,518 |
From Israel Line, Thursday, April 22, 1993:
Today's HA'ARETZ reports that three women were injured when a
Katyusha rocket fell in the center of their community. The rocket
was one of several dozen fired at the communities of the Galilee in
northern Israel yesterday by the terrorist Hizbullah organization [...]
Congratulations to the brave men of the Lebanese resistance! With every
Israeli son that you place in the grave you are underlining the moral
bankruptcy of Israel's occupation and drawing attention to the Israeli
government's policy of reckless disregard for civilian life.
Apparently, the Hizbollah were encouraged by Brad's cheers
(good job, Brad). Someone forgot to tell them, though, that
Brad asks them to place only Israeli _sons_ in the grave,
not daughters. Paraphrasing a bit, with every rocket that
the Hizbollah fires on the Galilee, they justify Israel's
holding to the security zone.
| 6 |
trimmed_train
|
8,522 |
As I understand it, THe difference between 3D Studio 2.00 and 2.01 is mainly
in the IPAS interface, along with a few small bug fixes. The IPAS code runs
a lot faster in the newest version.
| 1 |
trimmed_train
|
2,470 |
You know, everybody scoffed at that guy they hung up on a cross too.
He claimed also to be the son of God; and it took almost two thousand
years to forget what he preached.
Love thy neighbor as thyself.
Anybody else wonder if those two guys setting the fires were 'agent
provacateurs.'
| 15 |
trimmed_train
|
4,006 |
# #The official and legal term for rape is "the crime of forcing a FEMALE
# #to submit to sexual intercourse."
#
# Please, supply me with some references. I was not aware that all states
# had the word "FEMALE" in the rape statutes. I am sure others are surprised
# as well. I know thats how it works in practice (nice-n-fair, NOT!!), but
# was unaware that it was in the statutes as applying to FEMALES only,
# uniformly throughout the U.S.
#
# -Chris
There may be some confusion here. The Uniform Crime Reports program
run by the FBI defines rape as a female victim only crime -- even
though some states have the laws de-sexed. I suspect that this causes
male victims of rape to be left out of the UCR data.
| 13 |
trimmed_train
|
8,559 |
The multi-lingual archives at The Computing Research Labs, New Mexico
State University will be moving to a new ftp address soon. The
archives are being put under control of the Consortium for Lexical
Research.
The new ftp address will be: clr.nmsu.edu (the current IP address
is 128.123.1.12 but may change, so use clr.nmsu.edu whenever
possible).
Please note that there is a difference between ftp sites crl.nmsu.edu and
clr.nmsu.edu. The crl.nmsu.edu site will be our ftp site for items
not related to the Consortium for Lexical Research.
The Arabic, Chinese, French, Italian, Indian, Japanese, Korean,
Tibetan, and Vietnamese archives will all be moved.
We will announce the new locations of the relevant directories once
the archives have been moved.
Please be patient if you discover directories missing when you ftp to
either crl.nmsu.edu or clr.nmsu.edu. It will take a few days to move
everything.
If you are not familiar with our multi-lingual archives, we have been
slowly collecting various software, fonts, and text for different
languages over the past 2 years. Most of the software is currently
Unix oriented. We would also like to encourage people to continue to
contribute items to the archives to help improve the quality and
quantity of multi-lingual tools.
If you have an item to contribute, please put it in:
clr.nmsu.edu:incoming/
and send a note to [email protected] telling them about your
contribution.
If you have any questions or comments, please send them to:
[email protected]
| 16 |
trimmed_train
|
5,787 |
From: Center for Policy Research <cpr>
Subject: Ten questions about Israel
Ten questions to Israelis
-------------------------
I would be thankful if any of you who live in Israel could help to
provide
accurate answers to the following specific questions. These are
indeed provocative questions but they are asked time and again by
people around me.
1. Is it true that the Israeli authorities don't recognize
Israeli nationality ? And that ID cards, which Israeli citizens
must carry at all times, identify people as Jews or Arabs, not as
Israelis ?
2. Is it true that the State of Israel has no fixed borders
and that Israeli governments from 1948 until today have refused to
state where the ultimate borders of the State of Israel should be
?
3. Is it true that Israeli stocks nuclear weapons ? If so,
could you provide any evidence ?
4. Is it true that in Israeli prisons there are a number of
individuals which were tried in secret and for which their
identities, the date of their trial and their imprisonment are
state secrets ?
5. Is it true that Jews who reside in the occupied
territories are subject to different laws than non-Jews?
6. Is it true that Jews who left Palestine in the war 1947/48
to avoid the war were automatically allowed to return, while their
Christian neighbors who did the same were not allowed to return ?
7. Is it true that Israel's Prime Minister, Y. Rabin, signed
an order for ethnical cleansing in 1948, as is done today in
Bosnia-Herzegovina ?
8. Is it true that Israeli Arab citizens are not admitted as
members in kibbutzim?
9. Is it true that Israeli law attempts to discourage
marriages between Jews and non-Jews ?
10. Is it true that Hotel Hilton in Tel Aviv is built on the
site of a muslim cemetery ?
Thanks,
| 6 |
trimmed_train
|
3,565 |
Well, as long as folks are sharing their esteemed wisdom, Li'l Karnak sez:
AL West AL East NL West NL East
1) Chicago 1) Toronto 1) Atlanta 1) St. Louis
2) Texas 2) New York 2) Cincinnati 2) Montreal
3) Minnesota 3) Baltimore 3) Houston 3) New York
4) Oakland 4) Boston 4) Los Angeles 4) Philadelphia
5) Seattle 5) Detroit 5) San Diego 5) Pittsburgh
6) Kansas City 6) Milwaukee 6) San Fran. 6) Chicago
7) California 7) Cleveland 7) Colorado 7) Florida
Details to follow later. Pick it apart as you like.
Also, if anyone is still taking entries for prediction pools/contests,
could you snag mine and add it to the list? Thanks.
I'm just glad it's opening day; makes up a little bit for the gloom/doom
weather patterns here.
Lundy,
| 2 |
trimmed_train
|
6,369 |
Hiya
I'm a VERY amuture astronomer in Adelaide Australia, and today, I heard some
very interesting and exciting news from a local program on TV. As I couldn't
find anything on it on the news server, I have posted this. However, if it is
old information, tell me, and ill sue the TV station for saying they are
'Up to date' ;-)
(Also, my news server could be slow. . so . . .!!!
I only caught the end of the article, so all the information on the topic
is not known to me at the moment.
The news is of a small 'psudo' planet outside the orbit of pluto found in a
Hawiian obsevatory, supposably 'recently' - acording to the report.
It was meant to be about 150miles in diamater, and a faily large distance
from the plutos orbit. (it had a computer drawing, and the orbit distance
from pluto was about the same as neptune to pluto when they are furthest
apart. This is all I found out about it. OH it is called Karna. (un-officially
).
CAn anyone give any more information to me on it???
Thanx.
Brendan Woithe
[email protected]
BTW - if this is old news, does anyone know a good lawyer. . . .8)
| 10 |
trimmed_train
|
1,679 |
as someone who just lived through a switch from SunOS4.x.x. to
Solaris, i'll heartily agree with this.
ObCrypt: one of my main gripes with Solaris is its braindead mailx,
which is -almost- enough like mail to get you hoping, but crashes
horribly when you try to do anything useful with it. (like use pgp-
capable sendmail replacements.)
jason
| 7 |
trimmed_train
|
9,573 |
The chemicals are gone Thanks for all the response
| 5 |
trimmed_train
|
6,983 |
Hi,
I am looking for a PC card which does european videotext/teletext
descrambling (PAL). Does anyone in the US sell such a card? I once
saw an article about a card with the same functionallity in a
european Elektor magazine, but I wasn't able to track it down.
| 11 |
trimmed_train
|
2,619 |
Yes, You bought the WRONG SIMMS.....You need 1X36 or 4X36, which are 72 pin
SIMMS.....These are better anyway becuase the send/receive data in 4byte
(32bit+4bit parity, one for each byte) Chunks. You will undoubtedly see these
SIMMS becoming more widely used in the near future.
Jason
--
| 3 |
trimmed_train
|
2,816 |
Allen, sometimes I think you're OK. And sometimes you tend to rashly leap into
making statement without thinking them out.
Wanna guess which today?
You'd need to launch HLVs to send up large amounts of stuff. Do you know
of a private Titan pad?
| 10 |
trimmed_train
|
7,787 |
True, except that I've known few fundies who had enough sense to
be embarrassed by Josh McDowell.
(Okay, maybe a cheap shot. But I'm in that kind of mood.)
| 15 |
trimmed_train
|
487 |
I happen to take the violation of a person much more seriously than the
"violation" of a mindless clump of cells smaller than my thumb.
Your mileage may vary.
| 15 |
trimmed_train
|
8,047 | 12 |
trimmed_train
|
|
8,672 |
I'm not sure, but it almost sounds like they can't figure out where the
_nucleus_ is within the coma. If they're off by a couple hundred
miles, well, you can imagine the rest...
| 10 |
trimmed_train
|
1,567 |
Hello,
I've recently had Povray draw about 10 sample files. The problem is that
I accidently erased the command in my povray.def that made the image a targas
file. So now the files are the dump format. How do I fix these files with out
having to re-trace them? By fix I mean, turn them into targas. Thanks in
advance.
-Jerry
| 1 |
trimmed_train
|
10,046 |
Heya all, I've got a pair of Oakley forsale
There are frogskins, with aurborn red. THere are no
scratches and only used them once or twice last summer.
I'm looking for about 25-30 dollars but please give me a bid.
I'm am looking for the following items
A BUBBLE JET PRINTER that works and is el cheapo...
i was looking for a cannon BJ-5 but if u have a bubble jet
to sell please tell me. I'm looking to spend about $100 or so.
A sound cards (sound blaster compatible). Again I'm looking fer something
cheap, such as $50 or so dollars.
thanks
whirley
| 5 |
trimmed_train
|
4,166 |
Archive-name: graphics/resources-list/part2
Last-modified: 1993/04/17
Computer Graphics Resource Listing : WEEKLY POSTING [ PART 2/3 ]
===================================================
Last Change : 17 April 1993
14. Plotting packages
=====================
Gnuplot 3.2
-----------
It is one of the best 2- and 3-D plotting packages, with
online help.It's a command-line driven interactive function plotting utility
for UNIX, MSDOS, Amiga, Archimedes, and VMS platforms (at least!).
Freely distributed, it supports many terminals, plotters, and printers
and is easily extensible to include new devices.
It was posted to comp.sources.misc in version 3.0, plus 2 patches.
You can practically find it everywhere (use Archie to find a site near you!).
The comp.graphics.gnuplot newsgroup is devoted to discussion of Gnuplot.
Xvgr and Xmgr (ACE/gr)
-----------------------
Xmgr is an XY-plotting tool for UNIX workstations using
X or OpenWindows. There is an XView version called xvgr for
Suns. Collectively, these 2 tools are known as ACE/gr.
Compiling xmgr requires the Motif toolkit version 1.1
and X11R4 - xmgr will not compile under X11R3/Motif 1.0x.
Check at ftp.ccalmr.ogi.edu [129.95.72.34} in
/CCALMR/pub/acegr/xmgr-2.09.tar.Z (Motif version)
/CCALMR/pub/acegr/xvgr-2.09.tar.Z (XView version)
Comments, suggestions, bug reports to Paul J Turner
<[email protected]> (if mail fails, try [email protected]).
Due to time constraints, replies will be few and far between.
Robot
-----
Release 0.45 : 2-D and limited 3-D. Based on XView 3, written
in C / Fortran (so you need a Fortran compiler or the f2c translator).
Mainly tested on Sun4, less on DECstations. Check at
ftp.astro.psu.edu (128.118.147.28), pub/astrod.
VG plotting library
-------------------
This is a library of Fortran callable routines at sunspot.ceee.nist.gov
[129.6.64.151]
Xgobi
-----
It's being developed at Bellcore, and its speciality are
multidimensional data sets analysis and exploration. You can call it
from the S language also, and it works as an X11 client using the Athena
widget set (or with an ASCII terminal). It's distributed free of charge
from STATLIB at CMU.
To get it via e-mail, send email to [email protected] and
in the body area of the message, put the line
send xgobi from general
If you want to pick it via ftp, connect to lib.stat.cmu.edu. Log in as
"statlib" and use your e-mail address as your password. Then type
cd general
mget xgobi.*
Warning: It's about 2 MB sources + large Postscript manual. Read the
relevant README to decide whether you need it or not.
PGPLOT
------
Runs on VAX/VMS and supposedly on UNIX. It's a set of fortran routines freely
available (though copyrighted and requiring a nominal fee of $50 or so)
that includes contour plots and support for various devices, including ps.
Contact [email protected]
GGRAPH
------
Host shorty.cs.wisc.edu [128.105.2.8] : /pub/ggraph.tar.Z
Unknown more details.
epiGRAPH
--------
For PCs. Call [email protected] (Vladimir J. Dmitriev) for details.
You can get the program demo or (and) play version, if sent 10 $ to
1251 Budapest posta fiok 60
Hungary
ph/fax 1753696 Budapest
ph 2017760
Multiplot XLN
-------------
For Amigas, shareware ($30 USD, #20 UK or $40 Aust.). Advanced 2D package
that has a big list of features. Contact:
Dr. Alan Baxter <[email protected]>,
Cambridge University
Department of Pathology,
Tennis Court Road,
Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
+Athena Plotter Widget set
+-------------------------
+
+ This version V6.0 is based on Gregory Bond's version V5-beta. Added
+ some stuff for scientific graphs, i.e. log axes, free scalable axes,
+ XY-lineplots and some more, and re-added plotter callbacks from V4, e.g.
+ to request the current pointer position, or to cut off a rectangle from the
+ plotting area for zooming-in. Version V6.0 has a log of bugs fixed and a
+ log of improvements against V6-beta. Additionally I did some other
+ changes/extensions, besides
+
+ - Origin and frame lines for axes.
+ - Subgrid lines on subtic positions.
+ - Line plots in different line types (lines, points, lines+points,
+ impulses, lines+impulses, steps, bars), line styles (solid, dotted,
+ dashed, dot-dashed) and marker types for data points.
+ - Legend at the right or left hand side of the plot.
+ - Optional drawing to a pixmap instead of a window.
+ - Layout callback for aligning axis positions when using
+ multiple plotters in one application.
+
+ Available at export.lcs.mit.edu, directory contrib/plotter
+
+SciPlot
+-------
+ SciPlot is a scientific 2D plotting and manipulation program.
+ For the NeXT (requires NeXTStep 3.0), and it's shareware.
+
+ Features:
+ ASCII import and export; EPS export; copy, cut, paste with data buffer;
+ free number of data points, data buffer, and document window;
+ selective open and save ; plotting in many styles; automatic legend;
+ subviews; linear and logarithmic axes; two different axes; text and graphic;
+ color support; zoom; normalizing and moving; axis conversions;
+ free hand data manipulations (cut, edit, move, etc.); data editor; sorting
+ of data; absolute,relative, and free defined error bars;
+ calculating with buffers (+, -, *, / ); background subtractions
+ (linear,shirley,tougaard, bezier); integration and relative integration;
+ fitting of one or more free defined functions; linear regression;
+ calculations (+, -, *, /, sin, cos, log, etc.); function generator;
+ spline interpolation; least square smooth and FFT smooth; differentiation;
+ FFT; ESCA calculations and database; .. and something more
+
+ You can find it on:
+ ftp.cs.tu-berlin.de [130.149.17.7] : /pub/NeXT/science/SciPlot3.1.tar.Z
+
+ Author:
+ Michael Wesemann
+ Scillerstr. 73,1000 Berlin 12, Germany
+ [email protected]
+
+PLPLOT
+------
+ PLPLOT is a scientific plotting package for many systems, small (micro)
+ and large (super) alike. Despite its small size and quickness,
+ it has enough power to satisfy most users, including:
+ standard x-y plots, semilog plots, log-log plots, contour plots, 3D plots,
+ mesh plots, bar charts and pie charts. Multiple graphs (of the same or
+ different sizes) may be placed on a single page with multiple lines in each
+ graph. Different line styles, widths and colors are supported. A virtually
+ infinite number of distinct area fill patterns may be used. There are
+ almost 1000 characters in the extended character set. This includes four
+ different fonts, the Greek alphabet and a host of mathematical, musical, and
+ other symbols. The fonts can be scaled to any size for various effects.
+ Many different output device drivers are available (system dependent),
+ including a portable metafile format and renderer.
+
+ Freely available (but copyrighted) via anonymous FTP on
+ hagar.ph.utexas.edu, directory pub/plplot
+
+ At present (v. 4.13), PLPLOT is known to work on the following systems:
+
+ Unix: SunOS, A/IX, HP-UX, Unicos, DG/UX, Ultrix
+ Other platforms: VMS, Amiga/Exec, MS-DOS, OS/2, NeXT
+
+ Authors: Many. The main supporters are:
+
+ Maurice LeBrun <[email protected]>: PLPLOT kernel and the metafile,
+ xterm, xwindow, tektronix, and Amiga drivers.
+ Geoff Furnish <[email protected]>: MS-DOS and OS/2 drivers
+ Tony Richardson <[email protected]>: PLPLOT on the NeXT
+
+SuperMongo
+----------
+ 2-D plotting package at CMU, filename ~re00/tmp/SM.2.1.0.tar.Z
+ (probably under the ftp.cmu.edu or andrew.cmu.edu machines?)
+
+GLE
+---
+ GLE is a high quality graphics package for scientists. It runs on a
+ variety of platforms (PCs, VAXes, and Unix) with drivers for XWindows,
+ REGIS, TEK4010, PC graphics cards, VT100s, HP plotters, Postscript
+ printers, Epson-compatible printers and Laserjet/Paintjet printers. It
+ provides LaTEX quality fonts, as well as full support for Postscript
+ fonts. The graphing module provides full control over all features of
+ graphs. The graphics primitives include user-defined subroutines for
+ complex pictures and diagrams.
+
+ Accompanying utilities include Surface (for hidden line surface
+ plotting), Contour (for contour plots), Manip (for manipulation of
+ columnar data files), and Fitls (for fitting arbitrary equations to
+ data).
+
+ Mailing list: GLEList. Send a message to
+
+ [email protected], with a message boyd containing
+
+ sub glelist "Your Name"
+
+ maintainer: Dean Pentcheff <[email protected]>
==========================================================================
15. Image analysis software - Image processing and display
==========================================================
PC and Mac-based tools (multi-platform software)
======================
IMDISP
------
IMDISP Written at JPL and other NASA sites. Can do simple display,
enhancing, smoothing and so on. Works with the FITS and VICAR/PDS
data formats of NASA. Can read TIFF images, if you know their dimensions
[PC and Macs]
LabVIEW 2
---------
LabVIEW is used as a framework for image processing tools. It provides a
graphical programming environment using block diagram sketch is the
"program" with graphical elements representing the programming elements.
Hundreds of functions are already available and are connected using a
wiring tool to create the block diagram (program). Functions that the
block diagrams represent include digital signal processing and
filtering, numerical analysis, statistics, etc. The tool allows any
Virtual Instrument (VI, a software file that looks and acts like a real
laboratory instrument) to be used as a part of any other virtual
instrument.
National Instruments markets plug-in digital signal processing (DSP)
boards for Macintoshs and PC compatables that allow real-time
acquisition and analysis at a personal computer. New software tools for
DSP are allowing engineers to harness the power of this technology. The
tools range from low-level debugging software to high-level block
diagram development software. There are three levels of DSP programming
associated with the NB-DSP2300 board and LabVIEW:
Use of the NB-DSP2300 Analysis Library: FFTs, power spectra, filters
routines callable from THINK C and Macintosh Programers Workshop (MPW) C
that execute on the NB-DSP2300 board. There is an analysis Virtual
Interface Library of ready-to-use VIs optimized for the NB-DSP2300.
Use of the National Instruments Developers Toolkit that includes an
optimizing C compiler, an assembler and a linker for low-level
programming of the DSP hardware. This approach offers the highest level
of performance but is the must difficult in terms of ease of use.
Use of the National Instruments Interface Kit software package which has
utility functions for memory management data communications and
downloading code to the NB-DSP2300 board. (This is the easiest route for
the development of custom code.)
Ultimage Concept VI
-------------------
Concept VI by Graftek-France is a family of image processing Virtual
Instruments (VIs) that give LabVIEW 2 (described above) users high-end
tools for designing, integrating and monitoring imaging control systems.
A VI is a software file that looks and acts like a real laboratory
instrument. Typical applications for Concept VI include thermography,
surveillance, machine vision, production testing, biomedical imaging,
electronic microscopy and remote sensing.
Ultimage Concept VI addresses applications which require further
qualitative and quantitative analysis. It includes a complete set of
functions for image enhancement, histogram equalization, spatial and
frequency filtering, isolation of features, thresholding, mathematical
morphology analysis, density measurement, object counting, sizing and
characterization.
The program loads images with a minimum resolution of 64 by 64, a pixel
depth of 8, 16, or 32 bits, and one image plane. Standard input and
output formats include PICT, TIFF, SATIE, and AIPD. Other formats can
be imported.
Image enhancement features include lookup table transformations, spatial
linear and non-linear filters, frequency filtering, arithmetic and logic
operations, and geometric transformations, among others. Morphological
transformations include erosion, dilation, opening, closing, hole
removal, object separation, and extraction of skeletons, among others.
Quantitative analysis provides for objects' detection, measurement, and
morphological distribution. Measures include area, perimeter, center of
gravity, moment of inertia, orientation, length of relevant chords, and
shape factors and equivalence. Measures are saved in ASCII format. The
program also provides for macro scripting and integration of custom
modules.
A 3-D view command plots a perspective data graph where image intensity
is depicted as mountains or valleys in the plot. The histogram tool can
be plotted with either a linear or logarithmic scale. The twenty-eight
arithmetic and logical operations provide for: masking and averaging
sections of images, noise removal, making comparisons, etc. There are
13 spatial filters that alter pixel intensities based on local
intensity. These include high-pass filters for contrast and outlines.
The frequency data resulting from FFT analysis can be displayed as
either the (real , imaginary ) components or the (phase, magnitude)
data. The morphological transformations are useful for data sharpening
and defining objects or for removing artifacts.
The transformations include: thresholding, eroding, dilating and even
hole filling.
The program's quantitative analysis measurements include: area,
perimeter, center of mass, object counts, and angle between points.
GTFS, Inc. 2455 Bennett Valley Road #100C Santa Rosa, CA 95494
707-579-1733
IPLab Spectrum
--------------
IPLAB Spectrum supports image processing and analysis but lacks the
morphology and quantitative analysis features provided by
Graftek-FranceUs Ultimage Concept VI. Using scripting tools, the user
tells the system the operations to be performed. The problem is that far
too many basic operations require manual intervention. The tool
supports: FFTs, 16 arithmetic operations for pixel alteration, and a
movie command for cycling through windows.
Macintosh-based tools
=====================
NCSA Image, NCSA PalEdit and more
---------------------------------
NCSA provides a whole suite of public-domain visualization tools for the
Macintosh, primarily aimed at researchers wanting to visualize results
from numerical modelling calculations. These applications,
documentation, and source code are available for anonymous ftp from
ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu. Commercial versions of the NCSA programs have been
developed by Spyglass.
Spyglass, Inc. 701 Devonshire Drive Champaign, IL 61820 (217) 355-6000
fax: 217 355 8925
NIH IMAGE
---------
Available at alw.nih.gov (128.231.128.7) or (preferably)
zippy.nimh.nih.gov [128.231.98.32], directory:/pub/image.
It has painting and image manipulation tools, a macro language,
tools for measuring areas, distances and angles, and for counting
things. Using a frame grabber card, it can record sequences of
images to be played back as a movie. It can invoke user-defined
convolution matrix filters, such as Gaussian. It can import raw
data in tab-delimited ASCII, or as 1 or 2-byte quantities. It also
does histograms and even 3-D plots. It is limited to 8-bits/pixel,
though the 8 bits map into a color lookup table. It runs on any Mac
that has a 256-color screen and a FPU (or get the NonFPU version
from zippy.nimh.nih.gov)
PhotoMac
--------
Data Translation, Inc. 100 Locke Dr. Marlboro, MA 01752 508-481-3700
PhotoPress
----------
Blue Solutions 3039 Marigold Place Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 805-492-9973
PixelTools and TCL-Image
------------------------
"Complete family of PixelTools (hardware accelerator and applications
software) for scientific image processing and analysis. Video-rate
capture, display, processing, and analysis of high-resolution
monochromatic and color images. Includes C source code."
TCL-Image:
"Software package for scientific, quantitative image processing and
analysis. It provides a complete language for the capture, enhancement,
and extraction of quantitative information from gray-scale images.
TCL_Image has over 200 functions for image processing, and contains the
other elements needed in a full programming language for algorithm
development -- variables and control structures. It is easily
extensible through "script" (or indirect command) files. These script
files are simply text files that contain TCL-Image commands. They are
executed as normal commands and include the ability to pass parameters.
The direct capture of video images is supported via popular frame
grabber boards. TCL-Image comes with the I-View utility that provides
conversion between common image file types, such as PICT2 and TIFF."
Perceptics 725 Pellissippi Parkway Knoxville, TN 37933 615-966-9200
Satellite Image Workshop
------------------------
It comes with a number of satellite pictures (raw data) and does all
sorts of image enhancing on it. You'll need at least a Mac II with co-
processor; a 256 color display and a large harddisk. The program doesn't
run under system 7.x.ATE1 V1
In the documentation the contact address is given as: Liz Smith, Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, MS 300-323, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,.Pasadena, CA 91109
(818) 354-6980
Visualization Workbench
-----------------------
"An electronic imaging software system that performs interactive image
analysis and scientific 2D and 3D plotting."
Paragon Imagine 171 Lincoln St. Lowell, MA 01852 508-441-2112
Adobe Photoshop
---------------
The tool supports Rtrue colorS with 24-bit images or 256 levels of grey
scale. Once an image has been imported it can be Rre-touchedS with
various editing tools typical of those used in Macintosh-based RpaintS
applications. These include an eraser, pencil, brush and air brush.
Advanced RpasteS tools that control the interaction between a pasted
selection and the receiving site have also been incorporated. For
example, all red pixels in a selection can easily be preventing from
being pasted. Photoshop has transparencies ranging from 0 to 100%,
allowing you to create ghost overlays. RPhoto-editingS tools include
control of the brightness and contrast, color balancing, hue/saturation
modification and spectrum equalization. Images can be subjected to
various signal processing algorithms to smooth or sharpen the image,
blur edges, or locate edges. Image scaling is also supported.
For storage savings, the images can be compressed using standard
algorithms, including externally supplied compression such as JPEG,
availlable from Storm Technologies. The latest version of Adobe
Photoshop supports the import of numerous image formats including: EPSF,
EPSF, TIFF, PICT resource, Amiga IFF/ILBM, CompuServe GIF, MacPaint,
PIXAR, PixelPaint, Scitex CT, TGA and ThunderScan..
Adobe Systems, Inc. 1585 Charlestown Road PO Box 7900 Mountain View, CA
94039-7900 415-961-4400
ColorStudio and ImageStudio
---------------------------
ColorStudio is an image-editing and paint package from Letraset that has
more features than Adobe Photoshop but is decidedly more complex and
therefore more difficult to use. Several steps are often required to
accomplish that which can be done in a single step using Photoshop. The
application requires a great deal of available disk space as one can
easily end up with images in the 30 MB range. The program provides a
variety of powerful selection tools including the "auto selection tool"
which lets the user choose image areas on the basis of color, close
hues, color range and mask.
ImageStudio: Don't know...
Letraset USA 40 Eisenhower Drive Paramus, NJ 07653 201-845-6100
Dapple Systems
--------------
"High resolution image analysis software provides processing tools to
work with multiple images, enhance and edit, and measure a variety of
global or feature parameters, and interpret the data."
Dapple Systems, 355 W. Olive Ave, #100 Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-733-3283
Digital Darkroom
----------------
The latest release of Digital Darkroom has five new selection and
editing tools for enhancing images. One such feature allows the user to
select part of an image simply by "painting" it. A new polyline
selection tool creates a selection tool for single pixel wide
selections. A brush lets the operator "paint" with a selected portion
of the image. Note that this is not a true color image enhancement tool.
This tool should be used when the user intends to operate in grey-scale
images only. It should be noted that Digital Darkroom is not as
powerful as either Adobe Photoshop or ColorStudio.
Silicon Beach Software 9770 Carroll Ctr. Rd., Suite J San Diego, CA
92126 619-695-6956
Dimple
------
It is compatible with system 6.05 and system 7.0 , requires Mac LC or
II series with 256 colours, with a recommended min of 6Mb of ram. It has
the capability of reading Erdas files. Functions include; image
enhancement, 3D and contour plots, image statistics, supervised and
unsupervised classification, PCA and other image transformations. There
is also a means (Image Operation Language or IOL) by which you can write
your own transformations. There is no image rectification, however
Dimple is compatable with MAPII. The latest version is 1.4 and it is in
the beta stage of testing. Dimple was initially developed as a teaching
tool and it is very good for this purpose."
"Dimple runs on a colour Macintosh. It is a product still in its
development phase.. i.e. it doesn't have all the inbuilt features of
other packages, but is coming along nicely. It has its own inbuilt
language for writing "programs" for processing an image, defining
convolution filters etc. Dimple is a full mac application with pull down
menus etc... It is unprotected software."
Process Software Solutions, PO Box 2110, Wollongong, New South Wales,
Australia. 2500. Phone 61 42 261757 Fax 61 42 264190.
Enhance
-------
Enhance has a RrulerS tool that supports measurements and additionally
provides angle data. The tool has over 80 mathematical filter
variations: "Laplacian, medium noise filter", etc. Files can be saved
as either TIFF, PICT, EPSF or text (however EPSF files can't be imported).
MicroFrontier 7650 Hickman Road Des Moines, IA 50322 515-270-8109
Image Analyst
-------------
An image processing product for users who need to extract quantitative
data from video images. Image Analyst lets users configure
sophisticated image processing and measurement routines without the
necessity of knowing a programming language. It is designed for such
tasks at computing number and size of cells in images projected by video
cameras attached to microscopes, or enhancing and measuring distances in
radiographs.
Image Analyst provides users with an array of field-proven video
analysis techniques that enable them to easily assemble a sequence of
instructions to enhance feature appearance; count objects; determine
density, shape, size, position, or movement; perform object feature
extraction; and conduct textural analysis automatically. Image Analyst
works with either a framegrabber board and any standard video camera, or
a disk-stored image.
Within minutes, without the need for programming, the Image Analyst user
can set up a process to identify and analyze any element of a image.
Measurements and statistics can be automatically or semi-automatically
generated from TIFF or PICT files or from captured video tape images.
Image Analyst recognizes items in images based on their size, shape and
position. The tool provides direct support for the Data Translation and
Scion frame grabbers. A menu command allows for image capture from a VCR
video camera or other NTSC or PAL devices.
There are 2 types of files, the image itself and the related Sequence
file that holds the processing, measurements and analysis that the user
defines. Automated sequences are set up in Regions Of Interest (ROI)
represented by movable, sizable boxes atop the image. Inside a ROI, the
program can find the distance between two edges, the area of a shape,
the thickness of a wall, etc. Image Analyst finds the center, edge and
other positions automatically. The application also provides tools so
that the user can work interactively to find the edge of object. It also
supports histograms and a color look-up table (CLUT) tool.
Automatix, Inc. 775 Middlesex Turnpike Billerica, MA 01821 508-667-7900
IPLab
-----
Signal Analytics Corp. 374 Maple Ave. E Vienna, VA 22180 703-281-3277
FAX 703-281-2509
"Menu-driven image processing software that supports 24-bit color or
pseudocolor/grayscale image display and manipulation."
MAP II
------
Among the Mac GIS systems, MAP II distributed by John Wiley has
integrated image analysis.
IMAGE
-----
from Stanford : Try anonymous ftp from sumex-aim.stanford.edu
It has pd source for image v2, and ready to run code for a mac under
image v3.
Windows/DOS PC-based tools
==========================
CCD
---
Richard Berry's CCD imaging book for Willamon-Bell contains (optional?)
disks with image manipulating software. Source code is included.
ERDAS
-----
"ERDAS will do all of the things you want: rectification,
classification, transformations (canned & user-defined), overlays,
filters, contrast enhancement, etc. ... I was using it on my thesis &
then changed the topic a bit & that work became secondary."
ERDAS, Inc. 2801 Buford Highway Suite 300 Atlanta, GA 30329 404-248-9000
FAX 404-248-9400
RSVGA
-----
"I have been getting up to speed on a program called RSVGA available from
Eidetic Digital Image Ltd. in British Columbia. Its for IBM PC's or
clones, cheap (about $400) and does all the stuff Erdas does but is not
as fast or as powerful, though I have had only limited experience with
Erdas. I have used RSVGA with 6 of 7 Landsat bands and it is a good
starter program except for the obtuse manual"
IMAGINE-32
----------
It's a 32 bit package [I suppose for PCs] called "Imagine32"
or "Image32" The program does a modest amount of image processing --add,
subtract, multiply, divide, display, and plot an x or y cut across the image.
It can also display a number of images simultaneously.
The company is CompuScope, in Santa Barbara, CA.
PC Vista
--------
It was announced in the 1989 August edition of PASP. It is known to
be available from Mike Richmond, whose email addresses have been
[email protected]
[email protected]
and his s-mail address is:
Michael Richmond,Astronomy Department, Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
The latest version of PC-Vista, version 1.7, includes not only the source
code and help files, but also a complete set of executable programs and
a number of sample FITS images. If you do wish to use the source code,
you will need Microsoft C, version 5.0 or later; other compilers may work,
but will require substantial modifications.
To receive the documentation and nine double-density (360K) floppies
(or three quad-density 3-1/2 inch floppies (1.44M) with everything on them,
just send a request for PC-Vista, together with your name and a US-Mail
address, to
Office of Technology Licensing
2150 Shattuck Ave., Suite 510
Berkeley, Ca. 94704
Include a check (Traveller's Checks are fine) or purchase order for $150.00
in U.S. dollars, if your address is inside the continental U.S., or $165.00
otherwise, made out to Regents of the University of California
to cover duplication and mailing costs.
SOFTWARE TOOLS
--------------
It's a set of software "tools" put out by Canyon State
Systems and Software. They are not free, but rather cheap at about $30 I
heard. It will handle most all of the formats used by frame grabber
software.
MIRAGE
------
It's image processing software written by Jim Gunn at the
Astrophysics Dept at Princeton. It will run on a PC among other platforms.
It is a Forth based system - i.e. a Forth language with many image
processing displaying functions built in.
DATA TRANSLATION SOURCE BOOK
----------------------------
The Data Translation company in Massachusetts publishes a free book
containing vendors of data analysis hardware and software which is
compatible with Data Translation and other frame grabbers.
Surely you can find much more PC-related stuff in it.
MAXEN386
--------
A couple of Canadians have written a program named MAXEN386 which does
maximum entropy image deconvolution. Their company is named Digital
Signal Processing Software, or something like that, and the software is
mentioned in an article in Astronomy Magazine, either Jan or Feb 92
(an article on CCD's vs film).
JANDEL SCIENTIFIC (JAVA)
------------------------
Another software package (JAVA) is put out by Jandel Scientific.
Jandel Scientific, 65 Koch Road, Corte Madera, CA 94925, (415) 924-8640,
(800) 874-1888.
Microbrian
----------
Runs on an MS dos platform and uses a 32 bit graphics card
(Vista), or an about to be released version will support a number of
super VGA cards. Its a full blown remote sensed data processing
system.. It is menu driven (character based screen), but is does not use
a windowed user interface. Its is hardware protected with a dongle.
Mbrian = micro Barrier reef Image Anaysis System. It was developed by
CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Organization) and is
marketed/ supported by:
MPA Australia (51 Lusher Road, Croydon, Victoria
tel + 61 3 724 4488 fax +61 3 724 4455)
There are educational and commercial prices, but be prepared to set
aside $A10k for the first educational licence. Subsequent ones come
cheaper (they need to!) It has installed sites worldwide. It is widely
used at ANU.
MicroImage
----------
The remote sensing lab here at Dartmouth currently uses Terra-Mar's
MicroImage, on 486 PCs with some fancy display hardware.
Terra-Mar Resource Information Services, Inc.
1937 Landings Drive Mountain View, CA 94043 415-964-6900 FAX
415-964-5430
Unix-based tools
================
IRAF (Image Reduction and Analysis Facility)
--------------------------------------------
Developed in the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Kitt Peak AZ
It is free, you can ftp it from tucana.noao.edu [140.252.1.1]
and complement it with STSDAS from stsci.edu [130.167.1.2].
Email to [email protected] for more details.
Apparently this is one of the _de facto_ standards in the astronomical
image community. They issue a newsletter also.
They seem to support very well their users. Works with VMS also last
I heard, and practically has its own shell on top of the VMS/Unix shells.
It's suggested that you get a copy of saoimage for display under X windows.
Very flexible/extendable -- tons (literally 3 linear feet) of
documentation for the general user, skilled user, and programmer.
ALV
---
A Sun-specific image toolkit. Version 2.0.6 posted to
comp.sources.sun on 11dec89. Also available via email to
[email protected].
AIPS
----
Astronomical Image Processing System. Contact: [email protected]
(also see the UseNet Newsgroups alt.sci.astro.aips and sci.astro.fits)
Built by NRAO (National Radio Astronomy Observatory, HQ in Charlottesville,
VA, sites in NM, AZ, WV). Software distributed by 9-track, Exabyte, DAT,
or (non-anonymous) internet ftp. Documentation (PostScript mostly)
available via anonymous ftp to baboon.cv.nrao.edu (192.33.115.103),
directory pub/aips and pub/aips/TEXT/PUBL. Installation requires building
the system and thus a Fortran and C compiler.
This package can read and write FITS data (see sci.astro.fits), and is
primarily for reduction, analysis, and image enhancement of Radio Astronomy
data from radio telescopes, particularly the Very Large Array (VLA), a
synthesis instrument. It consists of almost 300 programs that do everything
from copying data to sophisticated deconvolution, e.g. via maximum entropy.
There is an X11-based Image tool (XAS) and a tek-compatible xterm-based
graphics tool built into AIPS. The XAS tool is modelled after the hardware
functionality of the International Imaging Systems model 70 display unit and
can do image arithmetic, etc.
The code is mostly Fortran 77 with some system C language modules, and is
available for Suns, IBM RS/6000, Dec/Ultrix, Convex, Cray (Unicos), and
Alliant with support planned for HP-9000/7xx, Solaris 2.1, and maybe SGI.
There is currently a project - "AIPS++" - underway to rewrite the
algorithmic functionality of AIPS in a modern setting, using C++ and an
object oriented approach. Whereas AIPS is proprietary code (licensed for
free to non-profit institutions) owner by NRAO and the NSF, AIPS++ will be
in the public domain at some level, as it is an international effort with
contributions from the US, Canada, England, the Netherlands, India, and
Australia to name a few.
LABOimage
---------
(version 4.0 is out for X11) It's written in C, and currently
runs on Sun 3/xxx, Sun 4/xxx (OS3.5, 4.0 and 4.0.3) under SunView.
The expert system for image segmentation is written in Allegro Common Lisp.
It was used on the following domains: computer science (image analysis),
medicine, biology, physics. It is distributed free of charge (source code).
Available via anonymous FTP at ftp.ads.com (128.229.30.16), in
pub/VISION-LIST-ARCHIVE/SHAREWARE/LaboImage_*
Contact: Prof. Thierry Pun, Computer Vision Group Computing Science Center,
U-Geneva 12, rue du Lac, CH-1207 Geneva SWITZERLAND
Phone : +41(22) 787 65 82; fax: +41(22) 735 39 05
E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
Figaro
------
It was originally made for VMS, and can be obtained from
Keith Shortridge in Australia ([email protected])
and for Unix from Sam Southard at Caltech ([email protected]).
It's about 110Mbytes on a Sun.
KHOROS
------
Moved to the Scientific Visualization category below
Vista
-----
The "real thing" is available via anonymous ftp from lowell.edu. Email to
[email protected] for more details. Total size less than 20Mbytes.
DISIMP
------
(Device Independent Software for Image Processing) is a powerful
system providing both user friendliness and high functionality in
interactive times.
Feature Description
DISIMP incorporates a rich library of image processing utilities and
spatial data options. All functions can be easily accessed via the
DISIMP executive. This menu is modular in design and groups image
processes by their function. Such a logical structure means that
complicated processes are simply a progression through a series of
modules.
Processes include image rectification, classification (unsupervised and
supervised), intensity transformations, three dimensional display and
Principal Component Analysis. DISIMP also supports the more simple and
effective enhancement techniques of filtering, band subtraction and
ratioing.
Host Configuration Requirements
Running on UNIX workstations, DISIMP is capable of processing the more
computational intensive techniques in interactive processing times.
DISIMP is available in both Runtime and Programmer's environments. Using
the Programmers environment, utilities can be developed for specific
applications programs.
Graphics are governed by an icon-based Display Panel which allows quick
enhancments of a displayed image. Manipulations of Look Up Tables,
colour stretches, changes to histograms, zooming and panning can be
interactively driven through this control.
A range of geographic projections enables DISIMP to integrate data of
image, graphic and textual types. Images can be rectified by a number of
coordinate systems, providing the true geographic knowledge essential
for ground truthing. Overlays of grids, text and vector data can be
added to further enhance referenced imagery.
The system is a flexible package allowing users of various skill levels
to determine their own working environment, including the amount of help
required. DISIMP comes fully configured with no optional extras. The
purchase price includes all functionality required for professional
processing of remote sensed data.
For further information, please contact:
The Business Manager, CLOUGH Engineering Group Systems Division, 627
Chapel Street, South Yarra, Australia 3141. Telephone: +61 3 825 5555
Fax: +61 3 826 6463
Global Imaging Software
-----------------------
"We use Global Imaging Software to process AVHRR data, from the dish to
the final display. Select a chunk of five band data from a pass,
automatic navigation, calibrate it to Albedo and Temp, convert that to
byte, register it to predesigned window, all relatively automatically
and carefree.
It has no classification routines to speak of, but it isn't that
difficult to write your own with their programmer's module.
Very small operation: one designs, one codes, one sells. Been around for
a number of years, sold to Weather Service and Navy. Runs on HP9000
with HP-UX. Supports 24-bit display"
HIPS
----
(Human Information Processing Laboratory's Image Processing System)
Michael Landy co-wrote and sell a general-purpose package for image
processing which has been used for basically all the usual image
processing applications (robotics, medical, satellite, engineering, oil
exploration, etc.). It is called HIPS, and deals with sequences of
multiband images in the same way it deals with single images. It has
been growing since we first wrote it, both by additions from us as well
as a huge user-contributed library.
Feature description
HIPS is a set of image processing modules which together provide
a powerful suite of tools for those interested in research,
system development and teaching. It handles sequences of images
(movies) in precisely the same manner as single frames.
Programs and subroutines have been developed for simple image
transformations, filtering, convolution, Fourier and other transform
processing, edge detection and line drawing manipulation, digital
image compression and transmission methods, noise generation, and image
statistics computation. Over 150 such image transformation programs
have been developed. As a result, almost any image processing task
can be performed quickly and conveniently. Additionally, HIPS allows
users to easily integrate their own custom routines. New users
become effective using HIPS on their first day.
HIPS features images that are self-documenting. Each image stored in
the system contains a history of the transformations that have been
applied to that image. HIPS includes a small set of subroutines
which primarily deals with a standardized image sequence header, and
a large library of image transformation tools in the form of UNIX
``filters''. It comes complete with source code, on-line manual
pages, and on-line documentation.
Host Configuration Requirements
Originally developed at New York University, HIPS now represents
one of the most extensive and flexible vision and image processing
environments currently available. It runs under the UNIX operating
system. It is modular and flexible, provides automatic documentation
of its actions, and is almost entirely independent of special equipment.
HIPS is now in use on a variety of computers including Vax and
Microvax, Sun, Apollo, Masscomp, NCR Tower, Iris, IBM AT, etc.
For image display and input, drivers are supplied for the Grinnell and
Adage (Ikonas) image processors, and the Sun-2, Sun-3, Sun- 4, and
Sun-386i consoles. We also supply user-contributed drivers for a
number of other framestores and windowing packages (Sun gfx, Sun
console, Matrox VIP-1024, ITI IP-512, Lexidata, Macintosh II, X
windowing system, and Iris). The Hipsaddon package includes an
interface for the CRS-4000. It is a simple matter to interface HIPS
with other frame- stores, and we can put interested users in touch with
users who have interfaced HIPS with the Arlunya and Datacube Max-
Video. HIPS can be easily adapted for other image display devices
because 98% of HIPS is machine independent.
Availability
HIPS has proven itself a highly flexible system, both as an
interactive research tool, and for more production- oriented tasks. It
is both easy to use, and quickly adapted and extended to new uses. HIPS
is supplied on magnetic tape in UNIX tar format (either reel- to-reel or
Sun cartridge), and comes with source code, libraries, a library of
convolu- tion masks, and on-line documentation and manual pages.
Michael Landy SharpImage Software P.O. Box 373, Prince Street Station
New York, NY 10012-0007 Voice: (212) 998-7857 Fax: (212) 995-4011
[email protected]
MIRA
----
[ Please DON'T confuse that with the Thalmanns animation system from
Montreal. These are altogether different beasts! - nfotis ]
MIRA stands for Microcomputer Image Reduction and Analysis. MIRA gives
workstation level performance on 386/486 DOS computers using SVGA cards in
256 color modes up to 1024x768. MIRA contains a very handsome/functional
GUI which is mouse and keystroke operated. MIRA reads/writes TIFF and FITS
formats, native formats of a number of CCD cameras, and uncompressed binary
images in byte, short integer, and 4-byte real pixel format in 1- or 2-
dimensions. The result of an image processing operation can be short integer
or real pixels, or the same as that of the input image. MIRA does the
operation using short or floating point arithmetic to maintain the precision
and accuracy of the pixel format. Over 100 functions are hand-coded in
assembly language for maximum speed on the Intel hardware. The entire
graphical interface is also written in assembly language to maximize
the speed of windowing operations. Windows for 2-d image and 1-d image/data
display and analysis have dedicated cursors which read position and value
value in real time as you move the mouse. There are also smooth, real time
contrast and brightness stretch and panning of a magnified portion of
the displayed image(s), all operated by the mouse. A wide selection of
grayscale, pseudocolor, and random palettes is provided, and other
palettes can be generated.
Supported functions include such niceties as the following:
o image & image: + - / * interpolation
o image & constant: + - / *
o unary operations: abs value, polynomial of pixel value, chs, 1/x, log,
byteswap, clip values at upper/lower limits, short->real or real->short.
o combine images by mean, median, mode, or sum of pixel values, with or
without autoscaling to mean, median, or mode of an image section.
o convolutions/filters: Laplacian, Sobel edge operator, directional gradient,
line, Gaussian, elliptical and rectangular equal weight filters, unsharp
masking, median filters, user defined filter kernel. Ellipse, rectangle,
line, gradient, Gaussian, and user defined filters can be rotated to
any specified angle.
o CCD data reduction: flat fielding, dark subtraction, column over/underscan
bias removal, remove bad pixels and column defects, normalize to
region target mean, median, or modal value.
o create subimage, mosaic m x n 1-d or 2-d images to get larger image,
collapse 2-d image into 1-d image.
o plot 1-d section or collapsed section of 2-d image, plot histogram of
region of an image.
o review/change image information/header data, rename keywords, plot
keyword values for a set of images.
o luminance/photometry: elliptical or circular aperture photometry,
brightness profile, isophotal photometry between set of upper & lower
luminances, area and luminance inside traced polygon. Interactive
background fitting and removal from part or all of image, fit elliptical
aperture shape to image isophotes.
o interactive with 2-d image: contrast/brightness, x- y- or diagonal plot
of pixel values, distance between two points, compute region stats,`
centroid, pan to x,y location or image center, zoom 1/16 to 10 times,
change cursor to rectangle crosshair, full image crosshair, or off, and
adjust cursor size on image. Select linear, log or gamma transfer function
or histogram equalization.
o interactive or specified image offset computation and re-sampling for
registration.
o interactive with 1-d image: zoom in x- y- or both in steps of 1/2 or
2 times current, re-center plot, or enlarge a framed area. 4 plot buffers
can be cycled through. Interactive data analysis: polynomial fitting,
point deletion, undelete, change value, point weighting, linear and
quadratic loess and binomial smoothing, revert to unit point weights
or original data buffer, substitute results into data buffer for pass
back to calling function. Dump data buffer (+ overlays and error bars)
to file or printer. Change to user specified coordinate system.
o Tricolor image combination and display, hardcopy halftone printout to
HP-PCL compatible printers (Laserjet, deskjet, etc.)
o Documentation is over 300 pages in custom vinyl binder.
Cost: 995 $USD/copy
Available from:
Axiom Research, Inc.
Box 44162
Tucson, AZ 85733
(602) 791-2864 phone/fax.
international marketing rep: Saguaro Scientific Corporation, Tucson, Arizona.
==========================================================================
End of Part 2 of the Resource Listing
| 1 |
trimmed_train
|
1,161 |
Does anyone know exactly how Digital Eclipse does their upgrades? Someone was
suggesting to me that some chips may not be able to perform at 33MHz. Is this
true, and if so, how does DESI deal with that?
-David
| 14 |
trimmed_train
|
9,280 |
I'd have to take Quebec in 6.
Hawks will win, but it will take 5.
Cal in 7.
Boston will beat Quebec in 6.
Pitt in 6. The Bruins arent a pushover.
The hawks havent had problems with them all year. Yep, I agree.
Unless the Hawks can somehow change fate, you're right.
Who knows, though. Maybe some intensive forechecking aka normal Hawks
style will nullify a seemingly unbeatable team. Maybe the Pens are due
for a let-down. Hell, how could they _possibly_ extend their record
making play all the way through the playoffs.?
| 17 |
trimmed_train
|
6,124 |
Must there be a "why" to this? I ask because of what you also
assume about God-- namely, that He just exists, with no "why"
to His existence. So the question is reversed, "Why can't
we assume the universe just exists as you assume God to
"just exist"? Why must there be a "why" to the universe?"
It may be that one day man not only can create life but can also
create man. Now, I don't see this happening in my lifetime,
nor do I assert it is probable. But the possibility is there,
given scientists are working hard at "decoding" out "genetic
code" to perhaps help cure disease of a genetic variation.
Again, though, must there be "why" or a "divine prupose" to
man's existence?
As far as we can tell, man falls into the "mammal" catagory. Now,
if there were something more to the man (say, a soul), then
we have yet to find evidence of such. But as it is now, man
is a mammal (babies are born live, mother gives milk, we're
warm-blooded, etc.) as other mammals are and is similar in
genetic construction to some of them (in particular, primates).
For more on this check out talk.origins.
Well, then, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Hinduism, Judaism,
Zoerasterism, Shintoism, and Islam should fit this bit of logic
quite nicely... :-) All have depth, all have enduring values,
thus all must be true...
Stephen
_/_/_/_/ _/_/_/_/ _/ _/ * Atheist
_/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ * Libertarian
_/_/_/_/ _/_/_/_/ _/ _/ _/ * Pro-individuality
_/ _/ _/ _/ _/ * Pro-responsibility
_/_/_/_/ _/ _/ _/ _/ Jr. * and all that jazz...
| 0 |
trimmed_train
|
8,045 |
Yea, it turned out that Gramm-Rudman was a sham to fool the voters
into accepting the borrow-and-spend policies of the last 12 years.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Anyone can expand the economy by chargeing $3 trillion on their credit
cards. Big deal. Deficit spending only expands the economy in the short
term. In the long term it shrinks the economy for numerous reasons. I would
have MUCH preferred that the taxpayers had that $3 trillion instead.
If Reagan had kept his campaign PROMISE to balance the budget by 1983,
there would have been no need for Bush or Clinton to raise taxes. And
all Reagan had to do was balance that puny Carter deficit.
Chew on that awhile.
| 13 |
trimmed_train
|
1,651 |
And some comments, with some players deleted.
Yep, that Kevin Mitchell. I never would have expected him in the
#1 spot.
It's no accident that the first two names are 1988 only. As with first
and second base, 1988 was the year of the glove. Average DA was 20 points
higher in both leagues than any other year.
Looks good. Too bad he's moving to short.
Highest five-year regular, though he's only had one year as good as Kevin
Mitchell :->.
The other elite fielders in the league.
This is an interesting line. His 1988 figure was slightly below average.
His 1990 was pathetic, and his 1991 was the next best year by anybody. Part of
that may be his mobility. 1988 was with the Yankees. 1990 was with the
Padres, who appear to have a rotten infield. 1991 was with the Twins, and
judging by Leius and Gaetti, the Metrodome may be a good place to play
third.
Add another to the elite fielders list.
Too fielders whose career average may overstate their value. I don't know
what happened to Caminiti -- judging by the three previous years, his low
1992 may be a fluke. Sabo is merely average, however. His incredible 1988
(best year ever) brings his average up a lot.
Strange last two years.
According to reputation, one of the best fielders ever at third base.
But at the end, he was below average. (Average in 1988 was .643).
Boggs has been pretty good. I don't know what happened in 1990, but every
other year he has been above average, usually by quite a bit.
Last year -- a fluke or a portent?
Why is it that the two leagues usually have defensive averages very close
to one another, but very different from year to year? Any ideas?
Brook is declining.
Three first-time regulars, above average in 1992. I'm not sure why Jefferies
gets all the grief about his fielding. He's never had a good year, but while
at second he improved to become an average fielder, and is an average fielder
at third.
Zeile, on the other hand, is a below average fielder. Each year he's about
10 points below average. And it's probably not just the park, since Terry
Pendleton had excellent DAs in the three years before this.
Moving back to second was a good idea.
So why is Hayes supposed to be good defensively? He's had a grand total
of one year above the league DA, and was pretty bad last year.
Howard Johnson and Carney Lansford -- separated at birth. To his credit,
HoJo did have one above average year (1990). Lansford couldn't even break
the .600 mark without the help of the year of the glove.
Good hitter, but his fielding needs work.
Not a good fielder.
Both are better off at shortstop.
Two consecutive horrible years for Leo. Camden Yards doesn't seem to
have helped his fielding any.
Texas slugger debuts with not only the lowest career DA, but the lowest
DA at third ever. Congratulations, Dean.
--
Dale J. Stephenson |*| ([email protected]) |*| Grad Student At Large
| 2 |
trimmed_train
|
10,988 |
Bzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzt!! Sorry -- wrong. It would be an
extremely hot idea...at least with the current Alphas. The available
Alphas run up to 200 MHz. But they produce quite a bit of heat. In
fact so much that they need special mounting with extra large heat
sinks.
Also Apple looks pretty commited to the PowerPC route instead
of a deal with DEC.
--Sid
| 14 |
trimmed_train
|
9,551 |
[Most of tirade deleted .. I have an editor and know how to use it]
Either this is an example of *great* sarcasm or I'm really, really worried.
| 2 |
trimmed_train
|
4,428 |
ON the subject of how many competing RC orders there are, let me point out the
Golden Dawn is only the *outer* order of that tradition. The inner order is
the Roseae Rubeae et Aurae Crucis. That's Ruby Rose and Gold Cross, in rough
translation. The G.'.D.'. is a Rosicrucian order, as are all derivative
groups. Of course, real Rosicrucians never admit to being Rosicrucian.
Enjoy the journey!
--Br'anArthur
Queer, Peculiar, and Wyrd! :-)
| 15 |
trimmed_train
|
9,346 |
I was told that this is an environmental based move. I was also told that
there will be 'somthing' else to replace the battery club. Like maybe
the 360K floppy club ;-).
We'll see ....
| 11 |
trimmed_train
|
7,633 |
Would someone please send me James Oberg's email address, if he has
one and if someone reading this list knows it? I wanted to send
him a comment on something in his terraforming book.
Paul F. Dietz
[email protected]
| 10 |
trimmed_train
|
8,437 |
I've talked with Mark and he faxed some literature, though it wasn't very helpful-
just a list of routine names: _BSplineSurface, _DrawString3D... 241 names.
There was a Product Info sheet that explained some of the package capabilities.
I also found a review in April/May '92 MacTutor.
| 1 |
trimmed_train
|
4,299 |
Petri and Mathew,
Your discusion on the "reality" of atoms is interesting, but it
would seem that you are verging on the question "Is anything real":
that is, since observation is not 100% reliable, how can we say
that anything is "real". I don't think this was the intention
of the original question, since you now define-out the word
"real" so that nothing can meet its criteria.
Just a thought.
Brian /-|-\
| 15 |
trimmed_train
|
1,389 |
Probably within 50 years, it will be possible to disassemble and
re-assemble our bodies at the molecular level. Not only will flawless
cosmetic surgery be possible, but flawless cosmetic PSYCHOSURGERY.
What will it be like to store all the prices of shelf-priced bar-coded
goods in your head, and catch all the errors they make in the store's
favor at SAFEWAY? What will it be like to mentally edit and spell-
check your responses to the questions posed by a phone caller selling
VACATION TIME-SHARE OPTIONS?
Indeed, we are today a nation at risk! The threat is not from bad genes,
but bad memes! Memes are the basic units of culture, as opposed to genes
which are the units of genetics.
We stand on the brink of new meme-amplification technologies! Harmful
memes which formerly were restricted in their destructive power will
run rampant over the countryside, laying waste to the real benefits that
future technology has to offer.
For example, Jeremy Rifkin has been busy trying to whip up emotions
against the new genetically engineered tomatoes under development at
CALGENE. This guy is inventing harmful memes, a virtual memetic Typhoid
Mary.
| 19 |
trimmed_train
|
6,175 |
The Honda ST1100 was designed by Honda in Germany, originally for the
European market, as competition for the BMW 'K' series. Check it out.
Tony
| 12 |
trimmed_train
|
6,083 |
Could someone email me a USNail address for the NRA? I'd like to write them
a letter encouraging them to see to it VERY EMPHATICALLY that the 2nd
amendment is restored to the form that the founding fathers intended.
People like Howard Metzenbaum seem very intent on diluting the 2nd amendment
to the point where it is no effort for the governmentski to do what they
did in Waco.
After all, from what I know of the Federalist papers, it is this kind of
tyranny the 2nd amendment was supposed to be designed to protect against.
Honestly! M-60 tanks against the civilian population! Attack helicopters!
We need the right to keep and bear anti-tank weapons. Actually, if they
intend to mass armour against the (weakly-armed, at that) civilian population,
we need the right to field tactical nukes. Government tyranny! Who would
have ever thought it would happen here!
I wonder who'se house they'll run tanks through next, because the gov.
SUSPECTS child abuse. Maybe yours! Maybe mine!
And what is an Illegal Weapon (which they have yet to show us), if the
2nd amendment is designed to do what I believe it is, and the gov. uses
tanks against you? Government self-serving? Naaaah. Not here.
Time was when the U.S. used armour/attack helicopters against small countries.
Now, we're down to using them against to what amounts to a busload and a
half of civilians.
"First they came for the Jews, but I did not stop them, because I was
not a Jew: Then they came for the catholics, but I did not stop them
because I was not a catholic! Then they came for the lutherans, but
there was now no one left to stop them!" Rev. Martin Niemoller.
(probably didn't get it verbatim, but you get the idea).
If the NRA reads this, then never mind about the address.
God save us!
| 9 |
trimmed_train
|
1,491 |
Re: Flaming wreckage
I wrote my congressmen strongly worded letters demanding they dissolve the
BATF.
Perhaps anger and grief can help spur a letter writing campaign?
| 9 |
trimmed_train
|
6,029 |
Well, it all depends on the motherboard implimentation.
I'm sure someone will make a vlb motherboard that takes 1x9
simms and uses a pentium processor. I'm also sure that there
will be some motherboards that won't.
| 3 |
trimmed_train
|
2,408 |
Misinterpretation, though it should be a crime in itself, is what
United States lawyers use to make their bread and butter.
In Manchester, CT a few years ago, a small company wanted to run a
game system galled "LaserGames," similar in many aspects to Photon
(tm). Three lawyers and about a hundred citizens found an ancient law
in Manchester's books which clearly from context was designed to
prohibit travelling carnivals by enumerating the features of a carnival
which they felt at the time made the prohibition obvious. Among these
things was "shooting galleries," which is what the lawyers for the
opposition to LaserGames wanted to harp upon. The judge took the two
words from this law, completely out of context, and ruled that
LaserGames could not operate in Manchester.
Keep in mind that most travelling carnivals use projectile weapons in
their shooting galleries, and not light beams. Clearly from context,
LaserGames got shafted, but if the two words are applied, their denial
of operating permission was justified.
If I had the text of the law I'd post it, but I'm afraid I don't
remember it all well enough to even try. That little bit with the two
words stuck well, though.
| 7 |
trimmed_train
|
1,516 |
Do you have a basis for this claim? Try these stats (taken from Playboy Magazine
June 1989):
Percentage of pro football fans who have attended college: 39.7
Percentage of pro baseball fans who have attended college: 41.5
Percentage of pro basketball fans who have attended college: 39.9
Percentage of pro hockey fans who have attended college: 54.6
Percentage of pro football fans who earn more than $50K: 34.9
Percentage of pro baseball fans who make more than $50K: 22.7
Percentage of pro basketball fans who make more than $50K: 27.7
Percentage of pro hackey fans who make more than $50K: 44.0
The biggest advantage that kids from Boondock or Weedville have is the
availability of ice. In the San Jose area we have a population of 800,000
and that population is served by 2 ice arenas. In contrast, Kamloops,
British Columbia has a population of about 50,000 and has 5 rinks! There
are also myriad ponds, pools, etc that freeze in the winter. Down here
it's hard to find a kid without a bicycle; up there it's hard to find a kid
without a pair of skates. And before you say "what does he know? He's from
California." let me say that I was born and raised in Trail, British Columbia,
a town of about 8,000 with lots of ice in the winter. My father did radio
play by play for the local team, the Trail Smokeaters, who by the way, were
the last Canadian team to win the World Championship (back in 1961). I was
on skates almost as soon as I could walk, and have been playing recreational
hockey for about 35 years.
Lack of ice is a big factor, but costs is a bigger factor. Both my kids play for
the Santa Clara Valley Hockey Association and this season, which just ended,
cost me $75 per kid for membership in Hockey USA, plus $750 per kid for club
dues. The Hockey USA fees cover excess medical insurance, and the club dues
cover ice time, officials, trophies, etc. Other areas have similar fees, unless
the city government subsidises some of the costs, as Stockton does.
By the way; most ice arenas are located in what could be called the "inner city"
areas. Eastridge and Vallco are exceptions ... Redwood City's rink is in an
industrial area on Bay Rd, near 101, Berkeley's is near Ashby and Martin Luther
King, Stockton's is in Oak Park, Sacramento's is in an older section of downtown
(I forget the name of the street), Fresno's is out on the edge of town, just west
of 99. Santa Rosa's is a nice rink, but it's in an older section of town.
Dublin's is outside of town, off 580. Most of the rinks are old, and expensive
to run, with huge electric bills and insurance premiums. If you want to buy ice
time expect to pay around $100 per hour at any of these rinks. Some of them
give you a 60 minute hour for your money; others give you a 50 minute hour and
include the resurfacing time in the fee.
| 17 |
trimmed_train
|
7,485 |
Wow. ESPN can repeat eleven-year-old Bill James research. (Literally.
Check the 1982 Abstract.)
Perhaps in 2004 they'll be as reliable as an average SDCN.
Oops, maybe not.
| 2 |
trimmed_train
|
9,434 |
What makes you think Buck will still be in New York at year's end with
George back? :-)
--
Keith Keller LET'S GO RANGERS!!!!!
LET'S GO QUAKERS!!!!!
[email protected] IVY LEAGUE CHAMPS!!!!
| 2 |
trimmed_train
|
1,789 |
Denmark, eh? Should have taken a short sword and cleaved his car
in half. Since I assume you didn't have a short sword on you,
I certainly have no problems with your choice of substitute action.
| 12 |
trimmed_train
|
5,628 |
I am looking at buying some Companion brand VLB/ISA/EISA motherboards with
HINT chipsets. Has anybody had any experience with this board (good or bad)?
Any information would be helpful!
thanks
| 3 |
trimmed_train
|
6,559 |
no argument on going direct to National (see my previous post on this topic),
but some info regarding what you said above. I don't know about the 8250 or
16450, but NS was the original source for the 16550 series (and I strongly
suspect that they developed the others first, too).
I can also tell you that I'm one of those who won't buy a UART made by
anyone other than National Semiconductor.
--jim
--
#include <std_disclaimer.h> 73 DE N5IAL (/4)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERNET: [email protected] | [email protected] ICBM: 30.23N 86.32W
AMATEUR RADIO: n5ial@w4zbb (Ft. Walton Beach, FL) AMTOR SELCAL: NIAL
| 3 |
trimmed_train
|
6,232 |
[interesting dog collision story deleted]
My driveway and about half my neighbor's driveways are long enough to
do a good 80 clicks (50mph for the velocity impaired) if we wanted to.
Granted, I live in the country, however I've seen neighbors whip out
of their driveways at the above mentioned 30 mph quite a bit- they
claim they can tell that "There's noone on the road for quite a ways."
This despite having nearly been hit myself by one of them while driving
a Chev 4x4, and twice taking my 10-speed bicycle over the hood of a
car that had pulled out, saw me, *then* stopped. Same driver. Same car.
About two months apart.
ObMoto: The scary relevant part is that these people and I live on the type
of twisty two lane that we all favor for riding- and I know damn well
that they can't see me on my bike, not if they couldn't see me in
my pickup.
There's nothing like the pitter-patter of little feet,
followed by the words "Hey- you're not my Daddy!"
(Sorry- I had to do it just once)
| 12 |
trimmed_train
|
10,189 | 12 |
trimmed_train
|
|
663 |
Good story, Chuck, but it won't wash. I have read the NY Acad Sci
one (and have it). This AM I couldn't find any reference to
"weight rebound". I'm not saying it isn't there, but since you
cited it, it is your responsibility to show me where it is in there.
There is no index. I suspect you overstepped your knowledge base,
as usual.
--
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gordon Banks N3JXP | "Skepticism is the chastity of the intellect, and
[email protected] | it is shameful to surrender it too soon."
| 19 |
trimmed_train
|
6,509 |
Simple -- if you have a choice between:
1. American manufacturers peddling Cripple Chips with a secret untested
algorithm whose keys are held by people with a history of untrustworthy
behavoir, or
2. Japanese (to pick the obvious example) manufacturers peddling encryption
chips with an algorithm that has faced public scrutiny and keys under
the control of the user,
| 7 |
trimmed_train
|
483 |
Hello net. I have a 386sx motherboard with the Phoenix BIOS, an on-board
IDE controller port, and two on-board serial ports. Unfortunately, I don't
have a manual for this beast and I would like to be able to disable the IDE
controller in order to use the MFM controller I have.
The board says it is made in Korea and it uses the Chips Chipset. If
anyone can give me a clue as to how to go about configuring the board so as
not to use the IDE controller, or how to go about finding out how to do it,
their help would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you in advance for your assistance.
Please mail [email protected] with your responses as my news feed is rather
tenuous.
Thank you very much!
-Brian <[email protected]>
| 11 |
trimmed_train
|
387 |
This is the problem. This is not hell, this is permanent death. It is
indeed what atheists (generally) expect and it is neither fair nor
unfair, it just is. You might as well argue about whether being made
mostly of carbon and water is "fair".
However, the atheists who claim that Hell is unfair are talking about
the fire and brimstone place of endless suffering, which necessarily
includes eternal existance (life, I dunno, but some sort of continuation);
not at all the same thing.
Granted, you clearly feel that hell=death, but this is not a univeral
sentiment as near as I can tell.
If *your* idea of God "condemns" heathens to ordinary death, I have no
problem with that. I do have a problem with the gods that hide from humans
and torture the unbelievers eternally for not guessing right.
[deletia- Hell, and Literalness.]
---
- Dan Johnson
And God said "Jeeze, this is dull"... and it *WAS* dull. Genesis 0:0
| 0 |
trimmed_train
|
9,104 |
Hi! I am in immediate need for details of various graphics compression
techniques. So if you know where I could obtain descriptions of algo-
rithms or public-domain source codes for such formats as JPEG, GIF, and
fractals, I would be immensely grateful if you could share the info with
me. This is for a project I am contemplating of doing.
Thanks in advance. Please reply via e-mail if possible.
| 1 |
trimmed_train
|
1,916 |
I AM an Ulf (and Pgh) fan, and what pisses me off about the whole Adam Graves/
Ulf Samuesson debate is that Ulf plays hard-hitting hockey (nothing wrong with
that) while Graves does what he does when the only way to win a game is to
intentionally hurt someone (which bites!).
I thought they had instituted all kinds of new rules this season to stop crap
like that?!? Is it just me, or does the officiating just still stink to high
heaven? IMHO, if they could get rid of the existing refs, and institute a new
system with more than one ref on the ice to keep an eye on the trouble-makers
then a lot of these things would stop, and then the game would be ruled by the
finnesse players: Mario, Selanne, Bure, Messier, et.al...
| 17 |
trimmed_train
|
10,379 |
I'll go 2 feet, but I draw the line at 3.
| 12 |
trimmed_train
|
4,385 |
That last was me, Steve Novak. I've since read the entire original
posting by Hite.
Mr. Fischer was actually restrained. Let Mr. Hite hope he never makes
some similar, tiny mistake.
| 2 |
trimmed_train
|
4,871 |
The media is beating the incident at Dodger Stadium on Wednesday to
death, but I haven't seen anything in rsb yet.
Gerald Perry of the Cardinals pinch hit in the eighth inning with two
on and his club down by a run. He stroked a line drive into the
right field corner. The ball cleared the three-foot high fence and
went into the crowd. Darryl, racing over from right center, got to
the spot in time to reach his glove up over the short fence, but he
missed the ball. A fan sitting in the front row, wearing a mitt,
reached up and caught the ball. Home run.
Now I've seen the replay several times and I have concluded that
Darryl missed the ball, and that the fan's glove was essentially
behind Darryl's. Several Dodger fans with seats in the immediate
vicinity have claimed that the fan unquestionably interfered with
Strawberry. What cannot be disputed, however, is that the fan
who caught the ball never took his eye off it; he was oblivious
to where the fielder was playing. He was also quite exuberant as
soon as he realized he had made the catch.
That exuberance disappeared immediately, however, when Strawberry
went into a tirade at the man. All reports indicate he used a lot
of profanity and accused the man of interference, and therefore of
costing the Dodgers a game. Shortly afterwards other fans hurled
food and beverages toward the man who made the catch. Dodger Stadium
officials started to remove him from the park, but then relented and
just relocated him to another area. In an interview after the game,
Lasorda blamed the fan for the loss. Strawberry also went into a
tirade about how the fans are stupid and they don't care about
winning. L.A. Times columnists similarly blasted the man who made
the catch.
Before each Dodger game the public address announcer makes a speech
wherein he says that fans are welcome to the souvenirs of balls that
are hit into the stands as long as they do not interfere with any
that are in the field of play. Was the fan wrong? Should he have
been more aware of the situation and acted to avoid any possibility
of interference? Or was he human and just reacting? By the way, he
is a season ticket holder and on his request the Dodgers have relocated
his seats to another area of the Stadium where future interference is
impossible.
Others have questioned why Darryl should be so concerned with what
the fan did when he has a grand total of 1 rbi through the first
nine games.
I question what he was doing in right center with a left-handed pull
hitter up and the game on the line. Had he been closer to the play,
he certainly would have had a much better chance of catching the ball.
But I guess the big debate continues as to what are the responsibilities
of the fan.
-- The Beastmaster
| 2 |
trimmed_train
|
3,285 |
COMMERCIAL SPACE NEWS/SPACE TECHNOLOGY INVESTOR NUMBER 22
This is number twenty-two in an irregular series on commercial
space activities. The commentaries included are my thoughts on
these developments.
Sigh... as usual, I've gotten behind in getting this column
written. I can only plead the exigency of the current dynamics in
the space biz. This column is put together at lunch hour and after
the house quiets down at night, so data can quickly build up if
there's a lot of other stuff going on. I've complied a lot of
information and happenings since the last column, so I'm going to
have to work to keep this one down to a readable length. Have fun!
CONTENTS:
1- US COMMERCIAL SPACE SALES FLATTEN IN 1993
2- DELTA WINS TWO KEY LAUNCH CONTRACTS
3- COMMERCIAL REMOTE SENSING VENTURE GETS DOC "GO-AHEAD"
4- INVESTMENT FIRM CALLS GD'S SPACE BIZ "STILL A GOOD INVESTMENT"
5- ARIANE PREDICTS DIP IN LAUNCH DEMAND
6- NTSB INVESTIGATES PEGASUS LAUNCH OVER ABORTED ABORT
7- ANOTHER PEGASUS COMPETITOR IS ANNOUNCED
8- GEORGIA LAUNCH SITE DROPPED FROM PLANNING
9- SPAIN'S CAPRICORNIA LAUNCHER STILL PROCEEDING
10- PACASTRO SIGNS LAUNCH RESERVATION WITH SWEDISH SPACE CORP
11- CHINA AND TAIWAN JOINT SATELLITE VENTURE REPORTED
12- SOUTH KOREA ANNOUNCES NATIONAL MOVE INTO SPACE TECHNOLOGIES
13- SPACE TECHNOLOGY INDEXES THROUGH MARCH
FINAL NOTES
ARTICLES
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1- US COMMERCIAL SPACE SALES FLATTEN IN 1993
The US Department of Commerce projects US commercial space sales
will remain flat in 1993, with current data showing only a 2 percent
growth over 1992. As published in "US Industrial Outlook 1993"
(which was released in January), revenues from the 1993 US space
business are currently projected to be about $4,890 M.
In contrast to previous years when US commercial space sales had
shown double digits growth rates, this year's projected results are
driven by the US satellite manufacturing industry, where sales are
projected to drop from 12 satellites worth $1,300 M in 1992 to 7
satellites worth $ 670 M in 1993. The US Industrial Outlook also
projects U.S. commercial launchers faces flat demand in coming year,
and while predicting that 1993 revenues will increase 10 percent to
$450 M, future sales will be "adversely affected by the downward
revision in Department of Defense launch plans."
Offsetting flat launch revenues and satellite deliveries,
revenues for fixed and mobile satellite services are projected to
increase to $1,900 M, primarily driven by increased revenues from
broadcast and cable TV networks. Similarly, remote sensing products
and sales are projected to increase to $250 M in 1993 (up 15%).
US COMMERCIAL SPACE REVENUES 1989 1990 1991 1992(r) 1993(e)
Commercial satellites 900 1,000 1,100 1,300 670
Satellite services 750 800 1,200 1,500 1,900
Fixed (700) (735)(1,115)(1,275) (1,520)
Mobile (50) ( 65)( 85)( 225) ( 380)
Satellite ground equip 790 860 1,350 1,400 1,560
Mobile equipment (40) (85) (280) (352) ???
Commercial launches 150 570 380 450 450
Remote sensing data and services 125 155 190 215 250
Private microgravity research lab -- -- -- -- 60
===== ===== ====== ===== =====
TOTAL ANNUAL REVENUES 2,715 3,385 4,220 4,815 4,890
(r) = revised data for 1992 (e) = estimated data for 1993
[Commentary: This is the first look at how the US commercial
space industry is expected to do in 1993. In general, not a bad
report -- with most of the bad news concentrated in the satellite
manufacturing area. There, changes of only a few satellites worth
$100 M or so apiece can substantially influence the annual
projection. If we look forward over several years, this market
sector should retain strong sales as US firms have been very
successful in regaining international market share in the satellite
business.
Furthermore, sales of satellite ground equipment should go up in
the next revision of this data, expected to be released about mid-
year. Data on mobile satellite ground equipment sales (including
such items as GPS receivers and portable satellite terminals)
appears to be missing from the January data set. DoC usually
publishes a listing of "Space Business Indicators" in mid-year, and
the next revision of commercial space revenues should be released
then. I expect the revised revenues should easily top $5,000 M, if
the mobile satellite ground equipment are added back into the
numbers, and the year should show about a 10% overall market growth.
Looking beyond this year's data, future markets look quite
promising. The DoC projects satellite service revenues could top
$3,000 M by 1995 if new mobile satellite services and direct
broadcasting are implemented as planned, and that mobile satellite
station sales are expected to continue to growth at 15-20 % per year
through the mid 1990's. My numbers are somewhat more pessimistic
for near-term market growth, but I agree the trend should be for
substantial growth in US commercial space sales over at least the
next 5-10 years. (My pessimism is due to more conservative
assumptions on market capture and growth in LEO communications and
satellite direct broadcasting services. I don't believe all of the
current players in the yet-to-be-born LEO communications satellite
market and in the yet-to-be-proven direct broadcasting market will
be financial successes, nor that sales growth will be as explosive
as currently projected.)
It should also be noted this year's DoC data is the first
release to show revenues from privately funded microgravity research
facilities. The $60 M shown in the Janurary data is primarily for
the Spacehab module, planned for launch in April on the Space
Shuttle, but also hidden in these numbers are the projected first
sales from the COMET orbital launch and recovery experiment module.]
2- DELTA WINS TWO KEY LAUNCH CONTRACTS
McDonnell Douglas Corporation, which builds and markets the Delta
launch vehicle has won two important launch contracts. Motorola
Inc. announced in mid February that it had selected the Delta to
launch most of the satellites in the 66-satellite Iridium LEO
communications constellation, and in mid April, McDonnell Douglas
was awarded the USAF Medium Launch Vehicle III contract.
The launch services contract with Motorola for the Iridium
constellation launch is for at launch of least 45 Iridium
satellites. Another 21 satellites have been contracted to be
launched by Khrunichev Enterprise in Russian on 3 Proton vehicle
launches. These 45 satellites planned for the Delta will be
launched 5 at a time, providing for at least 9 launches.
Additional satellites in the Iridium constellation, such as a
planned on-orbit spares, may also be launched on Delta. Although
details of the launch services contract were reported to be
negotiation, and not yet final.
The USAF MLV contract also went to MDC, bidding a variant of
their Delta II launcher. This contract is only initially worth $7.5
million, but establishes a set of launch options for up to 36
launches, encompassing launches from 1996 through 2002. These
launches will deploy the next generation of the USAF's Global
Positioning System Block IIR navigation satellites, plus other
programs. First option for to meet the USAF launch options is
expected to be exercised this year, after which the USAF is expected
to request launches of up to 6 Deltas per year for at least 6 years.
Under this contract the USAF can also request "launch on demand"
services from MDC for the 1996-2002 time period, with a launch to
occur within 40 days of the request.
[Commentary: If these two contracts are fulfilled, they should
provide an excellent business base for MDC's Delta launch program
through the turn of the century. Combined, these two contracts have
a potential for about 45 launches, worth about $2,200 M to MDC, and
sustaining a core business base of $300-400 M/year. Other contracts
for international and commercial payloads, as well as for NASA
Medium ELV-class payloads, will add to this business base -- keeping
MDC as a viable commerical launch company.
However, it should be noted there are risk elements in these
contracts. Motorola's Iridium LEO communications constellation has
not yet received a US Federal Communications Commission license for
operation in the U.S., nor has Motorola lined up all the financing
and financial partners for the Iridium venture. Without these
approvals or financial backing there will be no Iridium launches.
But, hopefully, these uncertainties will be settled this year.
Similarly, the USAF MLV III program has been the target of
several Congressional actions which have slowed the production of
the GPS Block IIR satellites and deleted the funding for the MLV III
program in favor of the USAF NLS/"Spacelifter" program. At this
time, while it appears the MLV III contract will be executed, future
funding for the MLV III and other USAF commercial launch contracts
is being reconsidered as part of national space launch strategy
reviews. Some opinions expressed from within the Administration and
Congress propose cancellation of all "ELV upgrade" programs
(including the MLV programs) in favor of the proposed "Spacelifter"
program. Such opinions may have some weight in this year's budget
deliberations, particularly as DoD funds will be more difficult to
find in the shrinking US Defense budget.]
3- COMMERCIAL REMOTE SENSING VENTURE GETS DOC "GO-AHEAD"
The first commercial license to operate a remote sensing
satellite was approved in early February by the US Department of
Commerce's Office of Space Commerce. A license was granted to
WorldView Imaging Corporation of Oakland, California to build and
operate a pair of LEO imaging satellites to provide multi-spectral
images of the Earth.
[Commentary: There has been little data released on this venture
by WorldView and the DoC, other than the announcement of the
operating and construction license. This was reported to be at the
request of WorldView. Most industry speculation identifies this new
venture as a "Star Wars" spinoff, using SDI-type technology to
provide digital Earth sensing data, and heavily integrated into
digital GIS databases for remote sensing/GIS users. Most probable
customers for this service include exploration geologists,
agricultural planners, and urban planners.
It is noteworthy this is the first commercial venture under the
1992 Land Remote Sensing Policy Act. The Act, as passed last
November, provides that remote sensing data gathered from private remote
sensing craft may be sold to users at differing prices. Prior to
this act, remote sensing data from all satellites had to be sold to
all users at the same prices, and private remote sensing ventures
would have had to sell at the government-set Landsat data prices.
There are rumors of several other potential commercial remote
sensing ventures working their way through the system at different
stages of development. I think the large Landsat and SPOT satellite
systems will provide the majority of the satellite remote sensing
data market for the next decade or so. In contrast to these large,
government-sponsored remote sensing systems, smaller market ventures
such as WorldView and others can exploit market niches and use
innovative technology, and I believe, can find profitability on the
margin. I predict there may be some very interesting ventures
appearing in the next year or so.]
4- INVESTMENT FIRM CALLS GD'S SPACE BIZ "STILL A GOOD INVESTMENT"
Wall Street investment house Morgan Stanley thinks General
Dynamic's Space Systems Division could still be a moneymaker,
despite having failed in the last 3 Atlas launches. In a recent
analyst's report Morgan Stanley said "We are more than ever
convinced that if the company can return the Atlas to its historical
95%-plus success rate, this will become a highly profitable, cash-
generating unit." Based upon discussions with GD's corporate
management, Morgan Stanley projects that if the Atlas problems are
cleared up the unit could see $70 M in earnings per year by 1995 and
$100 M per year by 2000. This is based upon GD's projection of
capturing about 10 Atlas launches per year on the world market.
[Commentary: Three failures in a row of their launch system has
hurt General Dynamic's Space Systems Division. Since GD has
restructured to only keep a very few profitable core businesses,
many market pundits have been speculating GD's space business might
be next to be sold. The Morgan Stanley report indicates GD's Space
Systems Division has some potential as a moneymaker, despite current
problems -- if they can get their act together. Sales are projected
to be about $560 M in 1993, which will probably generate a loss of
about $25 M. If GD can capture their projected share of the space
launch market, and if they have managed to clean up the reliability
of their Atlas launchers, then they could generate healthy profits
from those sales. But until they demonstrate the Atlas Centaur
program is back on track, this division will continue to show
substantial losses.
In response to the sell-off rumors, in my opinion, this operation
is not a really good candidate for takeover and quick profitability.
To do such a takeover, the current set corporate and divisional
management would be replaced with another set from outside the firm.
In GD SSD's case, to get the division back on track, the management
team will have to concentrate hard on the technical problems with
the Atlas Centaur, as well as in selling Atlas services. This would
indicate only another firm with experience in rocket launch
operations could find such talent in-house, and be able to convince
customers to buy their launch services. Optimally, the firm would
have substantial liquid rocket experience, and experience in
marketing space technology internationally as well. Candidates for
this might be TRW, Rockwell, Lockheed, and Martin, and possibly
McDonnell Douglas and Boeing. But most of those firms have cash
flow problems (MDC), have had a substantial business contraction
(Boeing and MDC), are involved with other launch firms (Lockheed),
or have taken on substantial debt (Martin). And coming up with the
$700-1500 M purchase price for the division is a big chunk of
change for any company.]
5 - ARIANE PREDICTS DIP IN LAUNCH DEMAND
Arianespace, the operator of the Ariane launch system, is
projecting a dip in launch demand in the late 1990's. In early
February, Arianespace released their annual market survey, which
detailed their projection of the space transportation market for the
next decade.
Over short run, Arianespace expects to retain their dominant
position and sustain a majority share of the launch market. Of 54
international and commercial launches planned through 1995, Ariane
holds contracts for 31, General Dynamics' Atlas vehicle holds 14
contracts, McDonnell Douglas' Delta holds 7, and Great Wall's Long
March vehicle holds 2 launch contracts.
Three-quarters of future launch contracts for which Ariane can
compete are projected to come from communications satellites with
the remaining 25% split between weather, Earth observation, and
scientific satellites. Most of the future telecommunications demand
growth is predicted to come from the Asia/Pacific region.
Arianespace expects the current market consolidation of
individual satellite operators into regional or national groups will
continue, with these groups investing in heavier satellites with
larger communications payloads carrying more transponders.
Arianespace predicts the average mass of telecommunications
satellites should increase by 20 % over today's average level, to
about 3000 kg in GEO.
Demand for commercial launch services is expected to remain
strong over the next three years, but in the second half of the
decade, Arianespace predicts demand will decrease. Arianespace
bases this prediction upon a matching of satellite transponder
demand and supply, particularly as new data compression techniques
appear to could double or triple transponder capacity using existing
or near-term transponders.
One of the significant possible changes in the market was
identified as the arrival of new launch vehicles, including Russian
launch systems. But Arianespace predicts that in the long term,
investors purchasing launch services are looking for the best trade
off between launch service quality and price, and that Russian and
other new launch services will have to prove out their capabilities
and service quality, and their market penetration will be minimal.
[Commentary: Ariane releases their market surveys annually, and
I reported on their prior market survey in a past issue of CSN/STI.
Comparing the two surveys, there aren't outstanding differences in
the numbers. The most notable change is the consideration of new
data compression techniques, reducing the demand for new physical
transponders on orbit.
I note that in contrast to some predictions, demand for space-
based communications transponders appears to be remain strong. While
fiber optic lines are making substantial inroads into the
established point-to-point telecommunications markets, growing
demand for telecommunications services world wide and for point-to-
multipoint broadcast services have prevented a decrease in space
transponder demand. Fiberoptic cables provide a higher capability
service, but only from established point A to established point B.
To establish a fiberoptic link it is necessary to install cable
between the points, and while there are improved network solutions,
installing a large network of distributed fiberoptic links can cost
millions or billions of dollars.
For broadcast services where there is not an existing ground
network structure, satellites still offer the most cost effective
solution. And if new services are required into a new region, it is
cheaper to install a small satellite link costing only a few tens of
thousands of dollars and tie into the existing global satellite
network. This allows rapid growth of new satellite services, and
has kept demand high. The replacement market for fiberoptics is
growing as well, since as demand grows between the points serviced,
it becomes cost effective to later install a fiberoptic link to
handle the increase in traffic.
Since the telecommunications and data transfer markets are still
growing rapidly, satellite market projections remain rosy. But
satellites are also getting longer orbital lifetimes. Current
generation satellites are now getting guarantees of at 15 years of
on-orbit service or more, in contrast to 10 years of service from
last generation's satellites. This has cut back some of the launch
demand, as satellite owners are rescheduling replacement satellite
launches over longer intervals.
And as last note; Arianespace didn't flag it this year, but it
looks like the space transportation market will be rather over-
supplied by existing launch systems in the near term. The annual
commercial launch demand is for about 15-20 medium sized satellites
per year. From the supply side, Ariane is capable of launching up
to about a dozen medium sized satellites a year, Delta is capable of
about 9-12 per year, Atlas is capable of 6-12, Long March 4-8,
Japan's H-Vehicle 2-4, Russia's Proton capable of 8, and other
systems such as Zenit and Soyuz another 10-20 medium launches per
year. That's a lot of capability for a small market.
We can only expect the competition to intensify for commercial
launches.]
6- NTSB INVESTIGATES PEGASUS LAUNCH OVER ABORTED ABORT
The 9 Feb Pegasus launch by Orbital Sciences Corporation has
spawned an investigation over an apparent violation of range safety
rules. A valid abort order from a NASA range safety officer to halt
the mission was overridden and the Pegasus was launched in violation
of range safety rules.
In the last few minutes of the Pegasus launch countdown, one of
two abort command receivers aboard the Pegasus failed. Such a failure
typically scrubs a launch,and a NASA range safety officer at
Wallops Island, VA issued a mission abort order about a minute
before the scheduled Pegasus launch. Somehow this command was
overridden by the OSC launch team or the message was lost in the
communications channels, and the Pegasus was launched despite the
valid abort call.
Fortunately, the Pegasus functioned as expected, and the abort
command receiver was not needed. But this incident did spark an
investigation since a valid abort order was given under agreed-to
launch constraint rules, and was not obeyed.
Leading the investigation is the National Transportation Safety
Board (NTSB) with support from NASA, OSC, and the Air Force. This
investigation marks the first time NTSB has taken the lead on an
incident involving a space launch. According to the NTSB, their
investigation will take about 6 months, and is primarily looking at
lines of authority, communications links and safety procedures used
in the launch.
[Commentary: This is the first time that the NTSB has led an
investigation into a space launch. Their leadership was requested
by the Department of Commerce's Office of Commercial Space
Transportation, who had licensed the commercial launch.
At the time of writing this column, some of the initial
investigations have been concluded, and some of the results are
starting to leak out into the trade press. Apparently, 3 or four
different communications channels were in use during the test. After
the abort destruct receiver stopped responding, the NASA test
director and range controller in the Mission Control room at Wallops
Island gave abort orders about a minute before the launch.
According to the mission rules, this should have stopped the launch.
Somehow, the OSC test conductor ordered the abort reversed, and the
NASA communicator on the net relayed that order to the B-52 carrying
the Pegasus at about 22 seconds before launch. Differing
explainations of exactly how this happened are proposed -- with the
best set being that clear lines of communications and clear
definition of the responsibilities of the mission control team, and
understanding of the mission rules were not established before the
launch.
As we see more and more commercial launches, more of these
procedural issues are going to crop up and will have to be resolved.
This case is interesting because it is the first time the NTSB has
been called in to investigate a commercial launch problem (as they
do with commercial aircraft problems).
I think this problem will turn out to be primarily problems with
procedures and communications, and will be cleared up with issuance
of guidelines on how launch communications should be set up and how
specific lines of authority should be delineated.]
7- ANOTHER PEGASUS COMPETITOR IS ANNOUNCED
Tsniimach Enterprise in Russia announced it is marketing a new
small space launch system, based upon converted ICBM components.
Two versions of the launcher are being marketed: the "Aerokosmos"
winged vehicle launched like the OSC Pegasus, and the "Severkosmos",
launched from a mobile ground transporter. The Aerokosmos is
projected to deliver 900 kg to a 200 km circular orbit or 580 kg to
an 800 km circular orbit, and the Severkosmos to be capable of 430
kg to 200 km orbits and 225 kg to 800 km. Also proposed to be used
with these launch systems is a LEO data relay system called
'Sineva'. Tsniimach Enterprise is described as a ex-military
establishment, focusing on aerodynamics and thermal protection of
spacecraft and which has participated in the development of the
Buran shuttle system, They are located near the NPO Energia
facility in Kaliningrad, outside of Moscow.
[Commentary: There's very little released information on this new
venture. My suspicion is it is another Russian enterprise looking
for hard currency and trying to capitalize upon their in-house
knowledge of ex-Soviet launch systems. It adds to the list of numerous
commercial space startups announced from the ex-Soviet Union.
This one's a little different in that they are offering variants
of ex-Soviet ICBMs, but I can't identify any key customers being
targeted or substantial financial backing.]
8- GEORGIA LAUNCH SITE DROPPED FROM PLANNING
In late January, Georgia Tech Research Institute released the
results of a preliminary study on the feasibility of a commercial
rocket launching site in Camden County, Georgia at the old Kingsland
Missile Test Launching Site on the Atlantic coast. The preliminary
study recommended the site not be pursued as a commercial launch
site, stating reopening the site was not feasible due to projected
low investment returns, plus environmental and other geographic
considerations. However, the report did say the site might be ideal
for other aerospace uses, and recommended other potential uses.
[Commentary: This should put the nails in the coffin of the
Kingsland Commercial Launch Site. While other sites are still
proceeding with commercial launch site development plans, Kingsland
found without a key customer to act as anchor tenant, and if
substantial infrastructure had to be put in, then the expected
returns were too low to justify the cost of development.
This might point out some key discriminators in judging the
feasibility of a commercial launch site. These include:
- Is there an identified key customer to provide core usage
sufficient to recover setup costs?
- Is there a market advantage of using the site?
- Can existing infrastructure be used or modified at the site?
- Can financing be found at low enough cost to support the
investment?
Other commercial launch site ventures -- including those at
Woomera, Poker Flat, Cape York, White Sands, Alabama Off-Shore
Platform, Hawaii, and Vandenberg have to also be judged against
these criteria. In my opinion, some of these ventures are flying
on hope and speculation, and not on sound financial grounds.]
9- SPAIN'S CAPRICORNIA LAUNCHER STILL PROCEEDING
In one of his last official acts, former President Bush
authorized space technology transfer for several joint space
ventures between US and other firms. One of these was a proposed
use of US technology by Spain to build a small booster. With that
regulatory impediment removed, the 3-stage Capricornia launch
vehicle will start development later this year, planning for a first
launch in the 1995/96 time period. The Capricornia is described as
a small 3-stage all solid booster designed to put 250-500 Kg into
LEO. Several launch sites are being examined for the system,
including 2 on the Iberian peninsula and 1 on the Canary Islands.
Originated by INTA in Spain, the project reports it has $ 30 M in
development funding, and will use technology from Argentina's Condor
launch vehicle as well as from the US.
[Commentary: Several firms have identified a market opportunity
in providing a small launcher for the European market. Small
payloads from European firms or organizations currently use either
Ariane piggyback launches or the US/Italian Scout launcher.
However, Ariane piggyback opportunities are limited, and the Scout
program is being phased out (accompanied by some disarray in the
Italian government and space industry regarding any follow-on
system).
This has left an apparent niche for a new European small launch
system. Surprisingly enough, ESA has not supported development of
such a system within the current space funding structure. Studies
have been performed by British Aerospace, Aerospatiale, Deutsche
Aerospace, and Italian organizations, but with the exception of the
Swedish/PacAstro system (reported below), I have not been able to
find any other European development work with even a rumor of
funding for hardware.
Also of interest is the linking of the Capricornia to the
Argentinian Condor launcher. There have been some interesting
rumors surfacing out of Argentina over the past year about a space
launcher/IRBM program funded under the military junta which ruled
the country in the 1970's and early 1980's.
What is known is in Feb 1992, the Argentinian Air Force formally
transferred control of the Condor 2 missile program to the new
civilian Argentinian national space agency (Comison Nacional de
Atividades Espaciales - CNAE). The Condor 2 program was described
as originating in 1983, expanding upon the smaller Condor 1 rocket
program in collaboration with Egypt and with support of German
firms. The Condor 2 was also reportedly funded indirectly by Iraq
in the mid-1980's. Fairly large solid rocket motors were built and
tested, but Argentinan development of a suitable guidance package
lagged that of the propulsion system.
It should be noted CNAE is planning to launch its first
scientific satellite in late 1994. The US$ 9 M, 181 Kg, SAC-B
satellite will study the Earth's upper atmosphere and includes
cooperative experiments from Italy and the US. No launch vehicle has
yet been selected, but OSC's Pegasus and the Russian Burlak Air
launched rocket are reported to be strong contenders for this
contract.]
10- PACASTRO SIGNS LAUNCH RESERVATION WITH SWEDISH SPACE CORP
PacAstro, a small launch firm in Herndon, Virginia announced in
late February it had received a $6 M launch reservation contract
from the Swedish Space Corp to launch a satellite on PacAstro's PA-2
launch vehicle. This will be performed as part of the Polar
Satellite Service (PSS), a joint Norwegian Space Center/ Swedish
Space Corp. program to upgrade the Andoya Rocket Range in Norway and
offering small satellite launches into the polar regions. According
to PacAstro, PSS is also performing an $8 M upgrade of the Andoya
launch facilities, including a new integration facility and a fully-
enclosed vertical assembly building for small launch vehicles like
the PacAstro PA-2. PacAstro has been chosen as "the main
alternative rocket supplier" for the small satellite launch service
to be offered by PSS from Andoya. The date of the launch of the
Swedish satellite was not specified.
[Commentary: PacAstro has been trying to line up customers and
funding for their launch vehicle for some time now. The PA-2 is a
small, two stage rocket fueled by RP-1 and Liquid Oxygen. From
PacAstro's literature, the engines designed for the PA-series
rockets are built of "off the shelf" components based upon the Lunar
MOdule Descent Engines built by TRW, and are capable of putting a
225 Kg satellite into a 750 km circular polar orbit.
PacAstro is trying to arrange construction financing for its
first three PA-2 vehicles, with a first launch planned for 1995, and
2 orbital launches planned for 1996. My records show PacAstro hired
TRW to provide marketing support and systems design, with primary
engineering to be done by AeroAstro, a small satellite builder
closely associated with PacAstro (headquartered in the same
building). The Swedish Space Corporation would supply engineering,
launch operations, vehicle subsystems, and marketing support.
Sumitomo Corp. of Tokyo, is a first round investor and sits on the
board of directors.
PacAstro has gotten a first round financial package of at least
$550 K (Some sources place this of high as $1 M), but has been
searching for about a year for the additional $20-30 M needed to
design, build and launch their first set of vehicles.
The launch reservation from SSC can possibly be used to help
bring some investors on board, but by my estimate, they will need
much more than the single $6 M sale to put their venture into real
hardware.]
11- CHINA AND TAIWAN JOINT SATELLITE VENTURE REPORTED
In early March, it was reported a joint satellite communications
venture between a Taiwanese and mainland Chinese was in the works.
As reported in the Taipei press, China Development Corp. (CDC),
headquartered in Taiwam and with links to the ruling Nationalist
Party, is planning to set up a joint venture in Hong Kong with China
Great Wall Industry Corp. with the objective of launching a regional
communications satellite. CDC would cover about 10% of the satellite
system cost (US $10 M) in exchange for rights to 10% of the
satellite's communications channels.
[Commentary: This announcement came close on the heels of the
release of Taiwanese plans for space development (released in mid
January). In those plans, the National Space Program Office of
Taiwan will launch 3 satellites, starting with ROCSAT-1, a 400 Kg
scientific spacecraft, planned for launch in 1997. Two additional
satellites are planned, both communications satellites. TRW has
been helping Taiwan plan this program, budgeted at T$13.6 B (US $530
M) through 2006.
I haven't been able to establish any relationship between this
venture and those of the NSPOT, but there might be a connection.
While Taiwan has the financing to pursue several ventures, the
current Taiwanese telecommunications market might not support two
separate sastellite ventures.
The reported name for the Tiawanese/Chinese system is "Asiasat-
2", but I don't thinks this has any relationship with the existing
Hong Kong-based "Asiasat" program involving Chinese, Hong Kong, and
other Asian investors, other than using it as an organizational
model. There are some obvious advantages to pursuing such a joing
venture -- it could provide excellent first-hand experience to
Taiwan for a very low cost, which then can be used in later
satellite ventures. But there are internal political issues between
Taiwanese and Chinese ventures, but putting any joint venture
through a Hong Kong intermediary corporation might allow it to
proceed.
In any case, the East Asian satellite market is lighting up with
substantially growth projected in space services and revenues. This
is just another indicator to add to the list.]
12- SOUTH KOREA ANNOUNCES NATIONAL MOVE INTO SPACE TECHNOLOGIES
South Korea's Trade, Industry and Resources Ministry recently
announced plans to invest US$22 B in research and development and
another US$17 B into manufacturing and research facilities for
advanced aerospace technologies. Space technologies have been
specifically targeted as part of this program, beginning with
manufacture and launch of an advanced multi-purpose satellite by
1997. The objective of this investment is to raise South Korea's
aerospace technology to the level of the world's top 10 countries by
2000.
[Commentary: South Korea has been quietly working to develop its
national aerospace industry, specifically including space
activities. I'm noting this as a flag that potential new players are
coming into the commercial space market.
As part of their national effort, 2 national telecommunications
satellites for Korea Telecom will be launched in April and Oct 1995
on Delta. Designated Koreasat 1 and 2, the platforms will provide
television and telephone service throughout the Korean Peninsula,
southwestern Japan and portions of China bordering North Korea.
South Korea launched its first small satellite piggyback on
Ariane in Aug 1992, called Uribyol-1 (Our Star) and costing about US
$8.8 M. Uribyol-2 is planned for piggyback launch in October of
this year, again on Ariane, and will be entirely "made in Korea."
Uribyol-3, projected for a 1995 launch, will be an environment-
monitoring micro-satellite.
This satellite may be the precursor to a series of small Earth
observation satellites, The KEOS (Korean Earth Observation System)
project, which has been submitted for approval to the South Korean
government, would use two or three 300-kg spacecraft equipped with
optical and microwave sensors.
South Korean press reports claim there is also a parallel
military effort to establish the capabilities for building and
launching small military satellites by 2001. Supposedly a
government panel had been established to oversee such an effort,
funded at US $ 500 M between 1993 and 2001, in anticipation of an
expected pullout of U.S. intelligence-gathering systems from the
Korean peninsula.
In conjunction with all of these reported efforts, South Korean
is also pursuing production work either as off-sets to existing
aerospace technology contracts (for example, McDonnell Douglas is
offsetting production of some Delta parts to South Korean firms as
part of the Koreasat launch contracts), or for production of
consumer space items (among other products, South Korea exports
satellite receiver television setups to Japan, and Samsung has
announced teaming for production of OSC's Orbcomm user terminals.).
This looks like a very aggressive push into space technologies.
Considering that East Asia is currently the fastest growing sector
for commercial space services (primarily for telecommunications), a
South Korean push into space technologies may change the composition
of commercial space market there over the next decade.]
13- SPACE TECHNOLOGY INDEXES THROUGH MARCH
As announced in the last CSN/STI, each issue will give the
results of stock indexes and portfolios regarding space stocks and
investments. The table below summarizes results to the end of
March. The Space Technology Index did quite a bit better than the
market as a whole, as represented by the S&P 500 index. Since 90+%
of the values included in the index are US firms, this represents a
general increase in the market value of space-related firms. The
increase in the first quarter is more than in all of 1992 -- which
is a very promising sign, although future months may reverse this
trend. The Commercial Space Technology Index has also done quite
well, but the Pure Play portfolio -- consisting of stocks of firms
which are pure plays in space technologies -- has also surpassed its
results in all of 1993. We'll keep an eye on these ....
INDEX RESULTS THROUGH MARCH
Beginning Beginning 1 Jan 93 to
1992 1993 31 Mar 1993
------- -------- --------
S&P 500 416 436 (+4.7%) 452 (+3.7%)
Space Tech Index 267 304 (+13.6%) 373 (+22.7%)
Comm'l Space Tech Index 167 194 (+16.3%) 222 (+14.2%)
Space Tech Pure Plays 147 169 (+15.4%) 197 (+16.2%)
FINAL NOTES -
What? This column's already full? And I still have bunches of
commercial space developments to report on. As I said at the start
of this, column there's been a lot of interesting happenings - but
I'll have to put them into the next issue.
Looking ahead, I've got several articles in the works on new
happenings with Iridium and the LEO communications satellite market,
more news on international launchers appearing (and disappearing) on
the market, new international commercial space ventures, and other
interesting developments.
And as always, I hope you folks find this stuff useful and
interesting -- Any and all comments are welcome.
| 10 |
trimmed_train
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.