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400 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 1 | The Bush administration said it is submitting a " comprehensive " proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations . | " comprehensive " | How is the proposal \"comprehensive\"? | 8 | 11 |
401 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 1 | The Bush administration said it is submitting a " comprehensive " proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations . | overhauling | Why does the agricultural trade need overhauled? | 13 | 14 |
402 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 1 | The Bush administration said it is submitting a " comprehensive " proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations . | overhauling agricultural trade | Would the overhaul benefit the farmer or the shareholder? | 13 | 16 |
403 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 1 | The Bush administration said it is submitting a " comprehensive " proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations . | impasse in the current round | Why is there an impasse? | 21 | 26 |
404 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 1 | The Bush administration said it is submitting a " comprehensive " proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations . | " comprehensive " | how comprehensive is it? | 8 | 11 |
405 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 1 | The Bush administration said it is submitting a " comprehensive " proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations . | impasse | When did the impasse begin during the negotiations? | 21 | 22 |
406 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 2 | The proposal reiterates the U . S . desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade - distorting subsidies on farm products . | trade - distorting | How are the subsidies trade-distorting? | 16 | 19 |
407 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 2 | The proposal reiterates the U . S . desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade - distorting subsidies on farm products . | host of trade - distorting subsidies | What subsidies would they get rid of? | 14 | 20 |
408 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 2 | The proposal reiterates the U . S . desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade - distorting subsidies on farm products . | trade - distorting subsidies | Why do these exist in the first place? | 16 | 20 |
409 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 2 | The proposal reiterates the U . S . desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade - distorting subsidies on farm products . | subsidies | How do the subsidies distort trade? | 19 | 20 |
410 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 3 | But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved . | flexibility | Why would there be flexibility in the proposal? | 5 | 6 |
411 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 3 | But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved . | flexibility in determining how and when | Would the flexibility be at the farmer's discretion? | 5 | 11 |
412 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 3 | But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved . | flexibility | If the desire is to reduce the trade distortion, why must there be so much flexibility? | 5 | 6 |
413 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 3 | But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved . | when | Is there any timeframe the administration has in mind? | 10 | 11 |
414 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 4 | The U . S . plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non - tariff barriers into tariffs that , together with existing tariffs , then would be phased out over 10 years . | phased | Why would the tariffs be phased out? | 37 | 38 |
415 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 4 | The U . S . plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non - tariff barriers into tariffs that , together with existing tariffs , then would be phased out over 10 years . | phased out over 10 years | What would happen after the 10 years? | 37 | 42 |
416 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 4 | The U . S . plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non - tariff barriers into tariffs that , together with existing tariffs , then would be phased out over 10 years . | non - tariff barriers into tariffs that , | How would that help the US? | 21 | 29 |
417 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 4 | The U . S . plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non - tariff barriers into tariffs that , together with existing tariffs , then would be phased out over 10 years . | some | How will the US determine which countries qualify for this conversion? | 17 | 18 |
418 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 4 | The U . S . plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non - tariff barriers into tariffs that , together with existing tariffs , then would be phased out over 10 years . | phased out | How does the US plan to phase out these tariffs? | 37 | 39 |
419 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 5 | Trade Representative Carla Hills , who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal , said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U . S . ' s trading partners . | U . S . ' s trading partners | Who are the U.S.'s trading partners? | 27 | 35 |
420 | 182 | 1 The Bush administration said it is submitting a 'comprehensive' proposal for overhauling agricultural trade that could help break an impasse in the current round of multilateral trade negotiations.
2 The proposal reiterates the U.S. desire to scrap or reduce a host of trade-distorting subsidies on farm products.
3 But it would allow considerable flexibility in determining how and when these goals would be achieved.
4 The U.S. plan also would ease the transition to freer agriculture trade by allowing some countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariffs that, together with existing tariffs, then would be phased out over 10 years.
5 Trade Representative Carla Hills, who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal, said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U.S.'s trading partners.
6 Mr. Yeutter, seeking to allay European objections to an earlier U.S. plan that called for eliminating all farm-trade barriers by the year 2000, said the new U.S. proposal wouldn't 'put farmers out of business' but would only encourage them to 'grow what the markets desire instead of what the government wants.'
7 The U.S. is submitting the proposal today in Geneva, hoping that the initiative will spur members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to reach agreement on new trade rules before their current negotiating round concludes in December 1990.
8 Another U.S. proposal filed Monday urges more 'fair play' in services trade, including predictable and clear rules and equality in the treatment of foreign and domestic service companies.
9 Unlike the earlier U.S. farm-trade proposal which struck European countries as too extreme, the latest plan would provide some room for maneuver.
10 For instance, the new U.S. package makes clear there would be a transition period during which GATT members could use a combination of tariffs and quotas to cushion their farmers from foreign competition.
11 It also says countries could temporarily raise tariffs on certain products if they experience an unusually heavy volume of imports.
12 Instead of proposing a complete elimination of farm subsidies, as the earlier U.S. proposal did, the new package calls for the elimination of only the most tradedistorting ones.
13 Less objectionable ones would be subject only to some restraints, and others with a 'relatively minor trade impact' would be allowed to continue under certain conditions.
14 The new U.S. plan also would establish procedures to prevent countries from using health and sanitation rules to impede trade arbitrarily.
15 The goal would be to resolve disputes such as one prompted by the European Community's current attempt to bar imports of beef from hormone-treated U.S. cattle.
16 The U.S. contends that the rules aren't justified on health grounds.
17 To encourage more competition among exporting countries, the U.S. is proposing that export subsidies, including tax incentives for exporters, be phased out in five years.
| 5 | Trade Representative Carla Hills , who along with Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter unveiled the proposal , said she is confident it will gain considerable support from the U . S . ' s trading partners . | Carla Hills , | what are her credentials? | 2 | 5 |
421 | 183 | 1 The state attorney general's office filed suit against five New York brokerage firms, charging them with responsibility for much of a $200 million loss incurred by the state treasurer's office in 1987.
2 The suit sets the firms' liability at more than $185 million.
3 The firms are Morgan Stanley & Co., Salomon Brothers Inc., County Natwest Government Securities Inc., Greenwich Capital Markets Inc. and Goldman, Sachs & Co.
4 The firms have all said that West Virginia's suit is without merit.
5 On Friday, the firms filed a suit against West Virginia in New York state court asking for a declaratory judgment absolving them of liability.
6 That suit is pending.
7 The suits relate to a $200 million loss, disclosed in December, that was suffered by West Virginia's consolidated investment pool.
8 The pool invested idle cash for many state agencies and local governments.
9 In its suit, the attorney general's office alleges that brokers encouraged members of the treasurer's office to engage in high-volume, high-risk transactions that benefited the brokers.
| 1 | The state attorney general ' s office filed suit against five New York brokerage firms , charging them with responsibility for much of a $ 200 million loss incurred by the state treasurer ' s office in 1987 . | five New York brokerage firms , | Which five New York brokerage firms? | 10 | 16 |
422 | 183 | 1 The state attorney general's office filed suit against five New York brokerage firms, charging them with responsibility for much of a $200 million loss incurred by the state treasurer's office in 1987.
2 The suit sets the firms' liability at more than $185 million.
3 The firms are Morgan Stanley & Co., Salomon Brothers Inc., County Natwest Government Securities Inc., Greenwich Capital Markets Inc. and Goldman, Sachs & Co.
4 The firms have all said that West Virginia's suit is without merit.
5 On Friday, the firms filed a suit against West Virginia in New York state court asking for a declaratory judgment absolving them of liability.
6 That suit is pending.
7 The suits relate to a $200 million loss, disclosed in December, that was suffered by West Virginia's consolidated investment pool.
8 The pool invested idle cash for many state agencies and local governments.
9 In its suit, the attorney general's office alleges that brokers encouraged members of the treasurer's office to engage in high-volume, high-risk transactions that benefited the brokers.
| 1 | The state attorney general ' s office filed suit against five New York brokerage firms , charging them with responsibility for much of a $ 200 million loss incurred by the state treasurer ' s office in 1987 . | responsibility | What responsibility do the five brokerage firms have? | 19 | 20 |
423 | 183 | 1 The state attorney general's office filed suit against five New York brokerage firms, charging them with responsibility for much of a $200 million loss incurred by the state treasurer's office in 1987.
2 The suit sets the firms' liability at more than $185 million.
3 The firms are Morgan Stanley & Co., Salomon Brothers Inc., County Natwest Government Securities Inc., Greenwich Capital Markets Inc. and Goldman, Sachs & Co.
4 The firms have all said that West Virginia's suit is without merit.
5 On Friday, the firms filed a suit against West Virginia in New York state court asking for a declaratory judgment absolving them of liability.
6 That suit is pending.
7 The suits relate to a $200 million loss, disclosed in December, that was suffered by West Virginia's consolidated investment pool.
8 The pool invested idle cash for many state agencies and local governments.
9 In its suit, the attorney general's office alleges that brokers encouraged members of the treasurer's office to engage in high-volume, high-risk transactions that benefited the brokers.
| 1 | The state attorney general ' s office filed suit against five New York brokerage firms , charging them with responsibility for much of a $ 200 million loss incurred by the state treasurer ' s office in 1987 . | five New York brokerage firms , | Which firms? | 10 | 16 |
424 | 183 | 1 The state attorney general's office filed suit against five New York brokerage firms, charging them with responsibility for much of a $200 million loss incurred by the state treasurer's office in 1987.
2 The suit sets the firms' liability at more than $185 million.
3 The firms are Morgan Stanley & Co., Salomon Brothers Inc., County Natwest Government Securities Inc., Greenwich Capital Markets Inc. and Goldman, Sachs & Co.
4 The firms have all said that West Virginia's suit is without merit.
5 On Friday, the firms filed a suit against West Virginia in New York state court asking for a declaratory judgment absolving them of liability.
6 That suit is pending.
7 The suits relate to a $200 million loss, disclosed in December, that was suffered by West Virginia's consolidated investment pool.
8 The pool invested idle cash for many state agencies and local governments.
9 In its suit, the attorney general's office alleges that brokers encouraged members of the treasurer's office to engage in high-volume, high-risk transactions that benefited the brokers.
| 2 | The suit sets the firms ' liability at more than $ 185 million . | $ 185 million | is that unusually high? | 10 | 13 |
425 | 183 | 1 The state attorney general's office filed suit against five New York brokerage firms, charging them with responsibility for much of a $200 million loss incurred by the state treasurer's office in 1987.
2 The suit sets the firms' liability at more than $185 million.
3 The firms are Morgan Stanley & Co., Salomon Brothers Inc., County Natwest Government Securities Inc., Greenwich Capital Markets Inc. and Goldman, Sachs & Co.
4 The firms have all said that West Virginia's suit is without merit.
5 On Friday, the firms filed a suit against West Virginia in New York state court asking for a declaratory judgment absolving them of liability.
6 That suit is pending.
7 The suits relate to a $200 million loss, disclosed in December, that was suffered by West Virginia's consolidated investment pool.
8 The pool invested idle cash for many state agencies and local governments.
9 In its suit, the attorney general's office alleges that brokers encouraged members of the treasurer's office to engage in high-volume, high-risk transactions that benefited the brokers.
| 4 | The firms have all said that West Virginia ' s suit is without merit . | without merit | Why do the firms feel like the suit is without merit? | 12 | 14 |
426 | 183 | 1 The state attorney general's office filed suit against five New York brokerage firms, charging them with responsibility for much of a $200 million loss incurred by the state treasurer's office in 1987.
2 The suit sets the firms' liability at more than $185 million.
3 The firms are Morgan Stanley & Co., Salomon Brothers Inc., County Natwest Government Securities Inc., Greenwich Capital Markets Inc. and Goldman, Sachs & Co.
4 The firms have all said that West Virginia's suit is without merit.
5 On Friday, the firms filed a suit against West Virginia in New York state court asking for a declaratory judgment absolving them of liability.
6 That suit is pending.
7 The suits relate to a $200 million loss, disclosed in December, that was suffered by West Virginia's consolidated investment pool.
8 The pool invested idle cash for many state agencies and local governments.
9 In its suit, the attorney general's office alleges that brokers encouraged members of the treasurer's office to engage in high-volume, high-risk transactions that benefited the brokers.
| 4 | The firms have all said that West Virginia ' s suit is without merit . | without merit | how can merit be gained? | 12 | 14 |
427 | 183 | 1 The state attorney general's office filed suit against five New York brokerage firms, charging them with responsibility for much of a $200 million loss incurred by the state treasurer's office in 1987.
2 The suit sets the firms' liability at more than $185 million.
3 The firms are Morgan Stanley & Co., Salomon Brothers Inc., County Natwest Government Securities Inc., Greenwich Capital Markets Inc. and Goldman, Sachs & Co.
4 The firms have all said that West Virginia's suit is without merit.
5 On Friday, the firms filed a suit against West Virginia in New York state court asking for a declaratory judgment absolving them of liability.
6 That suit is pending.
7 The suits relate to a $200 million loss, disclosed in December, that was suffered by West Virginia's consolidated investment pool.
8 The pool invested idle cash for many state agencies and local governments.
9 In its suit, the attorney general's office alleges that brokers encouraged members of the treasurer's office to engage in high-volume, high-risk transactions that benefited the brokers.
| 4 | The firms have all said that West Virginia ' s suit is without merit . | without merit | Why is it merit-less? | 12 | 14 |
428 | 183 | 1 The state attorney general's office filed suit against five New York brokerage firms, charging them with responsibility for much of a $200 million loss incurred by the state treasurer's office in 1987.
2 The suit sets the firms' liability at more than $185 million.
3 The firms are Morgan Stanley & Co., Salomon Brothers Inc., County Natwest Government Securities Inc., Greenwich Capital Markets Inc. and Goldman, Sachs & Co.
4 The firms have all said that West Virginia's suit is without merit.
5 On Friday, the firms filed a suit against West Virginia in New York state court asking for a declaratory judgment absolving them of liability.
6 That suit is pending.
7 The suits relate to a $200 million loss, disclosed in December, that was suffered by West Virginia's consolidated investment pool.
8 The pool invested idle cash for many state agencies and local governments.
9 In its suit, the attorney general's office alleges that brokers encouraged members of the treasurer's office to engage in high-volume, high-risk transactions that benefited the brokers.
| 5 | On Friday , the firms filed a suit against West Virginia in New York state court asking for a declaratory judgment absolving them of liability . | absolving | Why do the firms want to be absolved of liability? | 21 | 22 |
429 | 183 | 1 The state attorney general's office filed suit against five New York brokerage firms, charging them with responsibility for much of a $200 million loss incurred by the state treasurer's office in 1987.
2 The suit sets the firms' liability at more than $185 million.
3 The firms are Morgan Stanley & Co., Salomon Brothers Inc., County Natwest Government Securities Inc., Greenwich Capital Markets Inc. and Goldman, Sachs & Co.
4 The firms have all said that West Virginia's suit is without merit.
5 On Friday, the firms filed a suit against West Virginia in New York state court asking for a declaratory judgment absolving them of liability.
6 That suit is pending.
7 The suits relate to a $200 million loss, disclosed in December, that was suffered by West Virginia's consolidated investment pool.
8 The pool invested idle cash for many state agencies and local governments.
9 In its suit, the attorney general's office alleges that brokers encouraged members of the treasurer's office to engage in high-volume, high-risk transactions that benefited the brokers.
| 5 | On Friday , the firms filed a suit against West Virginia in New York state court asking for a declaratory judgment absolving them of liability . | declaratory judgment | what is that? | 19 | 21 |
430 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 1 | For the real estate industry , a watchword for the 1990s will be buy , more than build . | watchword | what is a watchword? | 7 | 8 |
431 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 1 | For the real estate industry , a watchword for the 1990s will be buy , more than build . | buy , | How much was land in the 1990's? | 13 | 15 |
432 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 1 | For the real estate industry , a watchword for the 1990s will be buy , more than build . | build | Why is building the watchword? | 17 | 18 |
433 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 1 | For the real estate industry , a watchword for the 1990s will be buy , more than build . | real estate industry , | What constitutes the real estate industry, residential or commercial? | 2 | 6 |
434 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 1 | For the real estate industry , a watchword for the 1990s will be buy , more than build . | watchword | How do you define watchword? | 7 | 8 |
435 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 2 | That ' s the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3 , 000 developers , pension - fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four - day conference , beginning here today , sponsored by the Urban Land Institute . | Urban Land Institute | is that the government? | 44 | 47 |
436 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 2 | That ' s the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3 , 000 developers , pension - fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four - day conference , beginning here today , sponsored by the Urban Land Institute . | Urban Land Institute | What is the purpose of the Urban Land Institute? | 44 | 47 |
437 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 3 | The ULI is a non - profit research and education group based in Washington , D . C . , with 14 , 000 members nationwide . | 14 , 000 members nationwide | is that a lot? | 21 | 26 |
438 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 3 | The ULI is a non - profit research and education group based in Washington , D . C . , with 14 , 000 members nationwide . | non - profit | What is ULI's goal? | 4 | 7 |
439 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 3 | The ULI is a non - profit research and education group based in Washington , D . C . , with 14 , 000 members nationwide . | research and education group | What topics do they research and who are they trying to educate? | 7 | 11 |
440 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 3 | The ULI is a non - profit research and education group based in Washington , D . C . , with 14 , 000 members nationwide . | 14 , 000 members nationwide | What does one have to do to be a member? | 21 | 26 |
441 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 4 | With the market overbuilt , builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks . | increased risks . | What are the increased risks builders are finding? | 11 | 14 |
442 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 4 | With the market overbuilt , builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks . | limited | Why are the builders finding limited opportunities? | 8 | 9 |
443 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 4 | With the market overbuilt , builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks . | overbuilt , | why is the market overbuilt? | 3 | 5 |
444 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 4 | With the market overbuilt , builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks . | limited opportunities | Why are there limited opportunities? | 8 | 10 |
445 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 4 | With the market overbuilt , builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks . | increased risks | What are the risks? | 11 | 13 |
446 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 5 | Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country . | money managers | are those bankers? | 2 | 4 |
447 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 5 | Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country . | troubled | Why were there so many properties that were \"financially troubled?\" | 13 | 14 |
448 | 184 | 1 For the real estate industry, a watchword for the 1990s will be buy, more than build.
2 That's the word expected to be on the lips of the more than 3,000 developers, pension-fund advisers and real estate financiers slated to attend a four-day conference, beginning here today, sponsored by the Urban Land Institute.
3 The ULI is a non-profit research and education group based in Washington, D.C., with 14,000 members nationwide.
4 With the market overbuilt, builders are finding limited opportunities and increased risks.
5 Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country.
6 Real estate professionals now often bill themselves as 'turnaround experts' and 'workout specialists.'
7 Conference attendees are expected to be buzzing about the workings of the recently formed Resolution Trust Corp., a federal agency charged with disposing of an estimated $200 billion of real estate dumped in government hands by insolvent savings and loans.
8 Developers are also eyeing the real estate portfolios of major corporations.
9 Some plan to pursue foreign development ventures, mostly in Europe.
10 And other developers may shift from commercial to residential development in the U.S.
11 'There aren't as many economically viable alternatives for real estate developers in this country as 10 years ago,' says Charles Shaw, a Chicago-based real estate developer. 'So developers are saying they will look into distressed properties.
12 They'll go into someone else's pasture as long as it's greener than the one they're in now.'
13 Developers are also forming more joint ventures with pension funds and insurance companies that can finance big projects.
14 The builders are more willing to give up some equity and rely on management and consulting fees to stay afloat in the soft market. 'Developers are teaming up with institutions often acting as project managers,' says Smedes York, ULI president and president of York Properties Inc., of Raleigh, N.C. 'They are growing more pragmatic about their role.'
15 Real estate firms are also using their alliances with financial institutions to amass acquisition funds. 'Why should you beat your brains out fighting the environmentalists, the neighborhood groups, dealing with traffic mitigation, sewers and fighting city hall, then try to convince a lender to lend you money in an overbuilt market when you can get pension fund money, buy a portfolio, sell off pieces off it and play your own game?' says Jack Rodman, managing partner of the Los Angeles office of Kenneth Leventhal Inc. a national accounting firm.
16 But experts say that when it comes to distressed properties, finding diamonds in the rough isn't easy.
17 The level of interest in the RTC's properties has been greater than expected, and has come from larger companies than initially anticipated, says Stan Ross, Leventhal's co-managing partner.
18 And to succeed in the turnaround business, he says, developers may have to put in a lot of money and time.
19 Finding pension funds and other sources willing to invest is a high priority.
20 Quips David Shulman, director of real estate research for Salomon Brothers Inc.: 'A theme of the Urban Land conference will be `take a pension fund manager to lunch. ''
| 5 | Developers and money managers are looking for bargains among the thousands of financially troubled properties around the country . | financially troubled properties | What makes a property financially troubled? | 12 | 15 |
449 | 185 | 1 Wall Street securities giant Salomon Inc. posted a big, unexpected earnings gain in the third quarter, buoyed by its securities trading and investment banking activities.
2 Salomon said net income soared to $177 million, or $1.28 a share, from $65 million, or 38 cents a share, a year earlier.
3 Revenue more than doubled to $2.62 billion from $1.29 billion.
4 A Salomon spokesman said its stock, bond and foreign exchange trading, as well as its investment banking operations, were mostly responsible for the earnings jump.
5 'The earnings were fine and above expectations,' said Michael W. Blumstein, an analyst at First Boston Corp. Nevertheless, Salomon's stock fell $1.125 yesterday to close at $23.25 a share in New York Stock Exchange composite trading. 'I suspect October wasn't as good as the third quarter, and they'll have difficulty matching the third quarter in the fourth quarter,' Mr. Blumstein said.
6 But some analysts say Salomon has turned the corner. 'I upgraded the firm to my buy list because I certainly see signs of improvement,' says Lawrence Eckenfelder, an analyst at Prudential-Bache Securities. 'The market has been overly harsh to them.'
7 Analysts say investors remain skittish toward Salomon because of its volatile earnings.
8 In the first quarter, Salomon had a record loss of $28 million on revenue of $1.54 billion.
9 But in the second quarter, Salomon posted a record $253 million net on revenue of $2.33 billion.
| 1 | Wall Street securities giant Salomon Inc . posted a big , unexpected earnings gain in the third quarter , buoyed by its securities trading and investment banking activities . | earnings gain | Where did Salomon Inc. get the earnings gain from? | 12 | 14 |
450 | 185 | 1 Wall Street securities giant Salomon Inc. posted a big, unexpected earnings gain in the third quarter, buoyed by its securities trading and investment banking activities.
2 Salomon said net income soared to $177 million, or $1.28 a share, from $65 million, or 38 cents a share, a year earlier.
3 Revenue more than doubled to $2.62 billion from $1.29 billion.
4 A Salomon spokesman said its stock, bond and foreign exchange trading, as well as its investment banking operations, were mostly responsible for the earnings jump.
5 'The earnings were fine and above expectations,' said Michael W. Blumstein, an analyst at First Boston Corp. Nevertheless, Salomon's stock fell $1.125 yesterday to close at $23.25 a share in New York Stock Exchange composite trading. 'I suspect October wasn't as good as the third quarter, and they'll have difficulty matching the third quarter in the fourth quarter,' Mr. Blumstein said.
6 But some analysts say Salomon has turned the corner. 'I upgraded the firm to my buy list because I certainly see signs of improvement,' says Lawrence Eckenfelder, an analyst at Prudential-Bache Securities. 'The market has been overly harsh to them.'
7 Analysts say investors remain skittish toward Salomon because of its volatile earnings.
8 In the first quarter, Salomon had a record loss of $28 million on revenue of $1.54 billion.
9 But in the second quarter, Salomon posted a record $253 million net on revenue of $2.33 billion.
| 3 | Revenue more than doubled to $ 2 . 62 billion from $ 1 . 29 billion . | doubled | Why did revenue double . | 3 | 4 |
451 | 185 | 1 Wall Street securities giant Salomon Inc. posted a big, unexpected earnings gain in the third quarter, buoyed by its securities trading and investment banking activities.
2 Salomon said net income soared to $177 million, or $1.28 a share, from $65 million, or 38 cents a share, a year earlier.
3 Revenue more than doubled to $2.62 billion from $1.29 billion.
4 A Salomon spokesman said its stock, bond and foreign exchange trading, as well as its investment banking operations, were mostly responsible for the earnings jump.
5 'The earnings were fine and above expectations,' said Michael W. Blumstein, an analyst at First Boston Corp. Nevertheless, Salomon's stock fell $1.125 yesterday to close at $23.25 a share in New York Stock Exchange composite trading. 'I suspect October wasn't as good as the third quarter, and they'll have difficulty matching the third quarter in the fourth quarter,' Mr. Blumstein said.
6 But some analysts say Salomon has turned the corner. 'I upgraded the firm to my buy list because I certainly see signs of improvement,' says Lawrence Eckenfelder, an analyst at Prudential-Bache Securities. 'The market has been overly harsh to them.'
7 Analysts say investors remain skittish toward Salomon because of its volatile earnings.
8 In the first quarter, Salomon had a record loss of $28 million on revenue of $1.54 billion.
9 But in the second quarter, Salomon posted a record $253 million net on revenue of $2.33 billion.
| 3 | Revenue more than doubled to $ 2 . 62 billion from $ 1 . 29 billion . | $ 2 . 62 billion from $ 1 . 29 billion | how did it double? | 5 | 16 |
452 | 185 | 1 Wall Street securities giant Salomon Inc. posted a big, unexpected earnings gain in the third quarter, buoyed by its securities trading and investment banking activities.
2 Salomon said net income soared to $177 million, or $1.28 a share, from $65 million, or 38 cents a share, a year earlier.
3 Revenue more than doubled to $2.62 billion from $1.29 billion.
4 A Salomon spokesman said its stock, bond and foreign exchange trading, as well as its investment banking operations, were mostly responsible for the earnings jump.
5 'The earnings were fine and above expectations,' said Michael W. Blumstein, an analyst at First Boston Corp. Nevertheless, Salomon's stock fell $1.125 yesterday to close at $23.25 a share in New York Stock Exchange composite trading. 'I suspect October wasn't as good as the third quarter, and they'll have difficulty matching the third quarter in the fourth quarter,' Mr. Blumstein said.
6 But some analysts say Salomon has turned the corner. 'I upgraded the firm to my buy list because I certainly see signs of improvement,' says Lawrence Eckenfelder, an analyst at Prudential-Bache Securities. 'The market has been overly harsh to them.'
7 Analysts say investors remain skittish toward Salomon because of its volatile earnings.
8 In the first quarter, Salomon had a record loss of $28 million on revenue of $1.54 billion.
9 But in the second quarter, Salomon posted a record $253 million net on revenue of $2.33 billion.
| 3 | Revenue more than doubled to $ 2 . 62 billion from $ 1 . 29 billion . | doubled | Why did revenue more than double? | 3 | 4 |
453 | 185 | 1 Wall Street securities giant Salomon Inc. posted a big, unexpected earnings gain in the third quarter, buoyed by its securities trading and investment banking activities.
2 Salomon said net income soared to $177 million, or $1.28 a share, from $65 million, or 38 cents a share, a year earlier.
3 Revenue more than doubled to $2.62 billion from $1.29 billion.
4 A Salomon spokesman said its stock, bond and foreign exchange trading, as well as its investment banking operations, were mostly responsible for the earnings jump.
5 'The earnings were fine and above expectations,' said Michael W. Blumstein, an analyst at First Boston Corp. Nevertheless, Salomon's stock fell $1.125 yesterday to close at $23.25 a share in New York Stock Exchange composite trading. 'I suspect October wasn't as good as the third quarter, and they'll have difficulty matching the third quarter in the fourth quarter,' Mr. Blumstein said.
6 But some analysts say Salomon has turned the corner. 'I upgraded the firm to my buy list because I certainly see signs of improvement,' says Lawrence Eckenfelder, an analyst at Prudential-Bache Securities. 'The market has been overly harsh to them.'
7 Analysts say investors remain skittish toward Salomon because of its volatile earnings.
8 In the first quarter, Salomon had a record loss of $28 million on revenue of $1.54 billion.
9 But in the second quarter, Salomon posted a record $253 million net on revenue of $2.33 billion.
| 4 | A Salomon spokesman said its stock , bond and foreign exchange trading , as well as its investment banking operations , were mostly responsible for the earnings jump . | investment banking operations , | did they invest well? | 17 | 21 |
454 | 185 | 1 Wall Street securities giant Salomon Inc. posted a big, unexpected earnings gain in the third quarter, buoyed by its securities trading and investment banking activities.
2 Salomon said net income soared to $177 million, or $1.28 a share, from $65 million, or 38 cents a share, a year earlier.
3 Revenue more than doubled to $2.62 billion from $1.29 billion.
4 A Salomon spokesman said its stock, bond and foreign exchange trading, as well as its investment banking operations, were mostly responsible for the earnings jump.
5 'The earnings were fine and above expectations,' said Michael W. Blumstein, an analyst at First Boston Corp. Nevertheless, Salomon's stock fell $1.125 yesterday to close at $23.25 a share in New York Stock Exchange composite trading. 'I suspect October wasn't as good as the third quarter, and they'll have difficulty matching the third quarter in the fourth quarter,' Mr. Blumstein said.
6 But some analysts say Salomon has turned the corner. 'I upgraded the firm to my buy list because I certainly see signs of improvement,' says Lawrence Eckenfelder, an analyst at Prudential-Bache Securities. 'The market has been overly harsh to them.'
7 Analysts say investors remain skittish toward Salomon because of its volatile earnings.
8 In the first quarter, Salomon had a record loss of $28 million on revenue of $1.54 billion.
9 But in the second quarter, Salomon posted a record $253 million net on revenue of $2.33 billion.
| 4 | A Salomon spokesman said its stock , bond and foreign exchange trading , as well as its investment banking operations , were mostly responsible for the earnings jump . | A Salomon spokesman said | Who is the Salomon spokesman? | 0 | 4 |
455 | 185 | 1 Wall Street securities giant Salomon Inc. posted a big, unexpected earnings gain in the third quarter, buoyed by its securities trading and investment banking activities.
2 Salomon said net income soared to $177 million, or $1.28 a share, from $65 million, or 38 cents a share, a year earlier.
3 Revenue more than doubled to $2.62 billion from $1.29 billion.
4 A Salomon spokesman said its stock, bond and foreign exchange trading, as well as its investment banking operations, were mostly responsible for the earnings jump.
5 'The earnings were fine and above expectations,' said Michael W. Blumstein, an analyst at First Boston Corp. Nevertheless, Salomon's stock fell $1.125 yesterday to close at $23.25 a share in New York Stock Exchange composite trading. 'I suspect October wasn't as good as the third quarter, and they'll have difficulty matching the third quarter in the fourth quarter,' Mr. Blumstein said.
6 But some analysts say Salomon has turned the corner. 'I upgraded the firm to my buy list because I certainly see signs of improvement,' says Lawrence Eckenfelder, an analyst at Prudential-Bache Securities. 'The market has been overly harsh to them.'
7 Analysts say investors remain skittish toward Salomon because of its volatile earnings.
8 In the first quarter, Salomon had a record loss of $28 million on revenue of $1.54 billion.
9 But in the second quarter, Salomon posted a record $253 million net on revenue of $2.33 billion.
| 5 | " The earnings were fine and above expectations , " said Michael W . Blumstein , an analyst at First Boston Corp . Nevertheless , Salomon ' s stock fell $ 1 . 125 yesterday to close at $ 23 . 25 a share in New York Stock Exchange composite trading . " I suspect October wasn ' t as good as the third quarter , and they ' ll have difficulty matching the third quarter in the fourth quarter , " Mr . Blumstein said . | stock fell | Why did Salomon's stock fall? | 28 | 30 |
456 | 185 | 1 Wall Street securities giant Salomon Inc. posted a big, unexpected earnings gain in the third quarter, buoyed by its securities trading and investment banking activities.
2 Salomon said net income soared to $177 million, or $1.28 a share, from $65 million, or 38 cents a share, a year earlier.
3 Revenue more than doubled to $2.62 billion from $1.29 billion.
4 A Salomon spokesman said its stock, bond and foreign exchange trading, as well as its investment banking operations, were mostly responsible for the earnings jump.
5 'The earnings were fine and above expectations,' said Michael W. Blumstein, an analyst at First Boston Corp. Nevertheless, Salomon's stock fell $1.125 yesterday to close at $23.25 a share in New York Stock Exchange composite trading. 'I suspect October wasn't as good as the third quarter, and they'll have difficulty matching the third quarter in the fourth quarter,' Mr. Blumstein said.
6 But some analysts say Salomon has turned the corner. 'I upgraded the firm to my buy list because I certainly see signs of improvement,' says Lawrence Eckenfelder, an analyst at Prudential-Bache Securities. 'The market has been overly harsh to them.'
7 Analysts say investors remain skittish toward Salomon because of its volatile earnings.
8 In the first quarter, Salomon had a record loss of $28 million on revenue of $1.54 billion.
9 But in the second quarter, Salomon posted a record $253 million net on revenue of $2.33 billion.
| 5 | " The earnings were fine and above expectations , " said Michael W . Blumstein , an analyst at First Boston Corp . Nevertheless , Salomon ' s stock fell $ 1 . 125 yesterday to close at $ 23 . 25 a share in New York Stock Exchange composite trading . " I suspect October wasn ' t as good as the third quarter , and they ' ll have difficulty matching the third quarter in the fourth quarter , " Mr . Blumstein said . | Salomon ' s stock fell | Why did Salomon's stock fall? | 25 | 30 |
457 | 186 | 1 Blue-chip advertisers have plenty of complaints about the magazines they advertise in, ranging from inadequate consumer research to ad 'clutter' and a seemingly unchecked proliferation of special interest magazines.
2 Criticism from such big advertisers as Estee Lauder Inc., Colgate-Palmolive Co. and Seagram Co. put a damper on the euphoria at the American Magazine Conference here.
3 The conference opened Monday with glowing reports about consumer magazines' growth in circulation and advertising revenue in the past year.
4 'Magazines are not providing us in-depth information on circulation,' said Edgar Bronfman Jr., president and chief operating officer of Seagram, in a panel discussion. 'How do readers feel about the magazine?
5 How deeply do they read it?
6 Research doesn't tell us whether people actually do read the magazines they subscribe to.'
7 Reuben Mark, chief executive of Colgate-Palmolive, said advertisers lack detailed demographic and geographic breakdowns of magazines' audiences. 'We need research that convinces us that magazines are a real value in reader's lives, that readers are really involved.'
8 The critics also lambasted the magazine industry for something executives often are very proud of: the growth in magazine titles during the 1980s.
9 Leonard Lauder, president and chief executive officer of Estee Lauder, said consumer magazines are suffering from what he called 'niche-itis,'the increasing number of magazines that target the idosyncratic interests of readers.
10 'Niche-itis fragments our advertising dollars,' said Mr. Lauder. 'We are being over-magazined.
11 We are constantly faced with deciding which partnerships {with magazines} we can keep.' He added: 'There's probably even a magazine for left-handed golfers . . . but the general interest magazine is something we all miss, and it should come back.'
12 Mr. Lauder also attacked what he sees as the wide imitation of Elle, a fashion magazine published by Diamandis Communications Inc., and criticized the practice of stacking ads at the front of magazines. 'Readers don't want to face all those ad pages at the front of a magazine,' he said.
13 Magazine editors did not take the criticisms lying down. 'We spend a fortune on research information,' said Steve Burzon, publisher of Meredith Corp. 's Metropolitan Home.
14 And Tina Brown, editor of Conde Nast Publications Inc. 's Vanity Fair, said advertisers are frequently asked to take advertising positions in the back of her magazine to relieve ad clutter. 'But advertisers wouldn't think of it,' she said.
15 Bernard Leser, president of Conde Nast, added: 'Our research shows we sell more of our heavier issues . . . because readers believe they are getting more for what they pay for.'
| 1 | Blue - chip advertisers have plenty of complaints about the magazines they advertise in , ranging from inadequate consumer research to ad " clutter " and a seemingly unchecked proliferation of special interest magazines . | ad " clutter " | what is ad clutter? | 21 | 25 |
458 | 186 | 1 Blue-chip advertisers have plenty of complaints about the magazines they advertise in, ranging from inadequate consumer research to ad 'clutter' and a seemingly unchecked proliferation of special interest magazines.
2 Criticism from such big advertisers as Estee Lauder Inc., Colgate-Palmolive Co. and Seagram Co. put a damper on the euphoria at the American Magazine Conference here.
3 The conference opened Monday with glowing reports about consumer magazines' growth in circulation and advertising revenue in the past year.
4 'Magazines are not providing us in-depth information on circulation,' said Edgar Bronfman Jr., president and chief operating officer of Seagram, in a panel discussion. 'How do readers feel about the magazine?
5 How deeply do they read it?
6 Research doesn't tell us whether people actually do read the magazines they subscribe to.'
7 Reuben Mark, chief executive of Colgate-Palmolive, said advertisers lack detailed demographic and geographic breakdowns of magazines' audiences. 'We need research that convinces us that magazines are a real value in reader's lives, that readers are really involved.'
8 The critics also lambasted the magazine industry for something executives often are very proud of: the growth in magazine titles during the 1980s.
9 Leonard Lauder, president and chief executive officer of Estee Lauder, said consumer magazines are suffering from what he called 'niche-itis,'the increasing number of magazines that target the idosyncratic interests of readers.
10 'Niche-itis fragments our advertising dollars,' said Mr. Lauder. 'We are being over-magazined.
11 We are constantly faced with deciding which partnerships {with magazines} we can keep.' He added: 'There's probably even a magazine for left-handed golfers . . . but the general interest magazine is something we all miss, and it should come back.'
12 Mr. Lauder also attacked what he sees as the wide imitation of Elle, a fashion magazine published by Diamandis Communications Inc., and criticized the practice of stacking ads at the front of magazines. 'Readers don't want to face all those ad pages at the front of a magazine,' he said.
13 Magazine editors did not take the criticisms lying down. 'We spend a fortune on research information,' said Steve Burzon, publisher of Meredith Corp. 's Metropolitan Home.
14 And Tina Brown, editor of Conde Nast Publications Inc. 's Vanity Fair, said advertisers are frequently asked to take advertising positions in the back of her magazine to relieve ad clutter. 'But advertisers wouldn't think of it,' she said.
15 Bernard Leser, president of Conde Nast, added: 'Our research shows we sell more of our heavier issues . . . because readers believe they are getting more for what they pay for.'
| 1 | Blue - chip advertisers have plenty of complaints about the magazines they advertise in , ranging from inadequate consumer research to ad " clutter " and a seemingly unchecked proliferation of special interest magazines . | Blue - chip | What is a blue chip | 0 | 3 |
459 | 186 | 1 Blue-chip advertisers have plenty of complaints about the magazines they advertise in, ranging from inadequate consumer research to ad 'clutter' and a seemingly unchecked proliferation of special interest magazines.
2 Criticism from such big advertisers as Estee Lauder Inc., Colgate-Palmolive Co. and Seagram Co. put a damper on the euphoria at the American Magazine Conference here.
3 The conference opened Monday with glowing reports about consumer magazines' growth in circulation and advertising revenue in the past year.
4 'Magazines are not providing us in-depth information on circulation,' said Edgar Bronfman Jr., president and chief operating officer of Seagram, in a panel discussion. 'How do readers feel about the magazine?
5 How deeply do they read it?
6 Research doesn't tell us whether people actually do read the magazines they subscribe to.'
7 Reuben Mark, chief executive of Colgate-Palmolive, said advertisers lack detailed demographic and geographic breakdowns of magazines' audiences. 'We need research that convinces us that magazines are a real value in reader's lives, that readers are really involved.'
8 The critics also lambasted the magazine industry for something executives often are very proud of: the growth in magazine titles during the 1980s.
9 Leonard Lauder, president and chief executive officer of Estee Lauder, said consumer magazines are suffering from what he called 'niche-itis,'the increasing number of magazines that target the idosyncratic interests of readers.
10 'Niche-itis fragments our advertising dollars,' said Mr. Lauder. 'We are being over-magazined.
11 We are constantly faced with deciding which partnerships {with magazines} we can keep.' He added: 'There's probably even a magazine for left-handed golfers . . . but the general interest magazine is something we all miss, and it should come back.'
12 Mr. Lauder also attacked what he sees as the wide imitation of Elle, a fashion magazine published by Diamandis Communications Inc., and criticized the practice of stacking ads at the front of magazines. 'Readers don't want to face all those ad pages at the front of a magazine,' he said.
13 Magazine editors did not take the criticisms lying down. 'We spend a fortune on research information,' said Steve Burzon, publisher of Meredith Corp. 's Metropolitan Home.
14 And Tina Brown, editor of Conde Nast Publications Inc. 's Vanity Fair, said advertisers are frequently asked to take advertising positions in the back of her magazine to relieve ad clutter. 'But advertisers wouldn't think of it,' she said.
15 Bernard Leser, president of Conde Nast, added: 'Our research shows we sell more of our heavier issues . . . because readers believe they are getting more for what they pay for.'
| 1 | Blue - chip advertisers have plenty of complaints about the magazines they advertise in , ranging from inadequate consumer research to ad " clutter " and a seemingly unchecked proliferation of special interest magazines . | ad " clutter " | What is ad clutter? | 21 | 25 |
460 | 186 | 1 Blue-chip advertisers have plenty of complaints about the magazines they advertise in, ranging from inadequate consumer research to ad 'clutter' and a seemingly unchecked proliferation of special interest magazines.
2 Criticism from such big advertisers as Estee Lauder Inc., Colgate-Palmolive Co. and Seagram Co. put a damper on the euphoria at the American Magazine Conference here.
3 The conference opened Monday with glowing reports about consumer magazines' growth in circulation and advertising revenue in the past year.
4 'Magazines are not providing us in-depth information on circulation,' said Edgar Bronfman Jr., president and chief operating officer of Seagram, in a panel discussion. 'How do readers feel about the magazine?
5 How deeply do they read it?
6 Research doesn't tell us whether people actually do read the magazines they subscribe to.'
7 Reuben Mark, chief executive of Colgate-Palmolive, said advertisers lack detailed demographic and geographic breakdowns of magazines' audiences. 'We need research that convinces us that magazines are a real value in reader's lives, that readers are really involved.'
8 The critics also lambasted the magazine industry for something executives often are very proud of: the growth in magazine titles during the 1980s.
9 Leonard Lauder, president and chief executive officer of Estee Lauder, said consumer magazines are suffering from what he called 'niche-itis,'the increasing number of magazines that target the idosyncratic interests of readers.
10 'Niche-itis fragments our advertising dollars,' said Mr. Lauder. 'We are being over-magazined.
11 We are constantly faced with deciding which partnerships {with magazines} we can keep.' He added: 'There's probably even a magazine for left-handed golfers . . . but the general interest magazine is something we all miss, and it should come back.'
12 Mr. Lauder also attacked what he sees as the wide imitation of Elle, a fashion magazine published by Diamandis Communications Inc., and criticized the practice of stacking ads at the front of magazines. 'Readers don't want to face all those ad pages at the front of a magazine,' he said.
13 Magazine editors did not take the criticisms lying down. 'We spend a fortune on research information,' said Steve Burzon, publisher of Meredith Corp. 's Metropolitan Home.
14 And Tina Brown, editor of Conde Nast Publications Inc. 's Vanity Fair, said advertisers are frequently asked to take advertising positions in the back of her magazine to relieve ad clutter. 'But advertisers wouldn't think of it,' she said.
15 Bernard Leser, president of Conde Nast, added: 'Our research shows we sell more of our heavier issues . . . because readers believe they are getting more for what they pay for.'
| 1 | Blue - chip advertisers have plenty of complaints about the magazines they advertise in , ranging from inadequate consumer research to ad " clutter " and a seemingly unchecked proliferation of special interest magazines . | Blue - chip advertisers | What is a blue-chip advertiser? | 0 | 4 |
461 | 186 | 1 Blue-chip advertisers have plenty of complaints about the magazines they advertise in, ranging from inadequate consumer research to ad 'clutter' and a seemingly unchecked proliferation of special interest magazines.
2 Criticism from such big advertisers as Estee Lauder Inc., Colgate-Palmolive Co. and Seagram Co. put a damper on the euphoria at the American Magazine Conference here.
3 The conference opened Monday with glowing reports about consumer magazines' growth in circulation and advertising revenue in the past year.
4 'Magazines are not providing us in-depth information on circulation,' said Edgar Bronfman Jr., president and chief operating officer of Seagram, in a panel discussion. 'How do readers feel about the magazine?
5 How deeply do they read it?
6 Research doesn't tell us whether people actually do read the magazines they subscribe to.'
7 Reuben Mark, chief executive of Colgate-Palmolive, said advertisers lack detailed demographic and geographic breakdowns of magazines' audiences. 'We need research that convinces us that magazines are a real value in reader's lives, that readers are really involved.'
8 The critics also lambasted the magazine industry for something executives often are very proud of: the growth in magazine titles during the 1980s.
9 Leonard Lauder, president and chief executive officer of Estee Lauder, said consumer magazines are suffering from what he called 'niche-itis,'the increasing number of magazines that target the idosyncratic interests of readers.
10 'Niche-itis fragments our advertising dollars,' said Mr. Lauder. 'We are being over-magazined.
11 We are constantly faced with deciding which partnerships {with magazines} we can keep.' He added: 'There's probably even a magazine for left-handed golfers . . . but the general interest magazine is something we all miss, and it should come back.'
12 Mr. Lauder also attacked what he sees as the wide imitation of Elle, a fashion magazine published by Diamandis Communications Inc., and criticized the practice of stacking ads at the front of magazines. 'Readers don't want to face all those ad pages at the front of a magazine,' he said.
13 Magazine editors did not take the criticisms lying down. 'We spend a fortune on research information,' said Steve Burzon, publisher of Meredith Corp. 's Metropolitan Home.
14 And Tina Brown, editor of Conde Nast Publications Inc. 's Vanity Fair, said advertisers are frequently asked to take advertising positions in the back of her magazine to relieve ad clutter. 'But advertisers wouldn't think of it,' she said.
15 Bernard Leser, president of Conde Nast, added: 'Our research shows we sell more of our heavier issues . . . because readers believe they are getting more for what they pay for.'
| 2 | Criticism from such big advertisers as Estee Lauder Inc . , Colgate - Palmolive Co . and Seagram Co . put a damper on the euphoria at the American Magazine Conference here . | euphoria | euphoria in what context? | 25 | 26 |
462 | 186 | 1 Blue-chip advertisers have plenty of complaints about the magazines they advertise in, ranging from inadequate consumer research to ad 'clutter' and a seemingly unchecked proliferation of special interest magazines.
2 Criticism from such big advertisers as Estee Lauder Inc., Colgate-Palmolive Co. and Seagram Co. put a damper on the euphoria at the American Magazine Conference here.
3 The conference opened Monday with glowing reports about consumer magazines' growth in circulation and advertising revenue in the past year.
4 'Magazines are not providing us in-depth information on circulation,' said Edgar Bronfman Jr., president and chief operating officer of Seagram, in a panel discussion. 'How do readers feel about the magazine?
5 How deeply do they read it?
6 Research doesn't tell us whether people actually do read the magazines they subscribe to.'
7 Reuben Mark, chief executive of Colgate-Palmolive, said advertisers lack detailed demographic and geographic breakdowns of magazines' audiences. 'We need research that convinces us that magazines are a real value in reader's lives, that readers are really involved.'
8 The critics also lambasted the magazine industry for something executives often are very proud of: the growth in magazine titles during the 1980s.
9 Leonard Lauder, president and chief executive officer of Estee Lauder, said consumer magazines are suffering from what he called 'niche-itis,'the increasing number of magazines that target the idosyncratic interests of readers.
10 'Niche-itis fragments our advertising dollars,' said Mr. Lauder. 'We are being over-magazined.
11 We are constantly faced with deciding which partnerships {with magazines} we can keep.' He added: 'There's probably even a magazine for left-handed golfers . . . but the general interest magazine is something we all miss, and it should come back.'
12 Mr. Lauder also attacked what he sees as the wide imitation of Elle, a fashion magazine published by Diamandis Communications Inc., and criticized the practice of stacking ads at the front of magazines. 'Readers don't want to face all those ad pages at the front of a magazine,' he said.
13 Magazine editors did not take the criticisms lying down. 'We spend a fortune on research information,' said Steve Burzon, publisher of Meredith Corp. 's Metropolitan Home.
14 And Tina Brown, editor of Conde Nast Publications Inc. 's Vanity Fair, said advertisers are frequently asked to take advertising positions in the back of her magazine to relieve ad clutter. 'But advertisers wouldn't think of it,' she said.
15 Bernard Leser, president of Conde Nast, added: 'Our research shows we sell more of our heavier issues . . . because readers believe they are getting more for what they pay for.'
| 2 | Criticism from such big advertisers as Estee Lauder Inc . , Colgate - Palmolive Co . and Seagram Co . put a damper on the euphoria at the American Magazine Conference here . | put a damper on the euphoria | Why did the put a damper on the euphoria? | 20 | 26 |
463 | 186 | 1 Blue-chip advertisers have plenty of complaints about the magazines they advertise in, ranging from inadequate consumer research to ad 'clutter' and a seemingly unchecked proliferation of special interest magazines.
2 Criticism from such big advertisers as Estee Lauder Inc., Colgate-Palmolive Co. and Seagram Co. put a damper on the euphoria at the American Magazine Conference here.
3 The conference opened Monday with glowing reports about consumer magazines' growth in circulation and advertising revenue in the past year.
4 'Magazines are not providing us in-depth information on circulation,' said Edgar Bronfman Jr., president and chief operating officer of Seagram, in a panel discussion. 'How do readers feel about the magazine?
5 How deeply do they read it?
6 Research doesn't tell us whether people actually do read the magazines they subscribe to.'
7 Reuben Mark, chief executive of Colgate-Palmolive, said advertisers lack detailed demographic and geographic breakdowns of magazines' audiences. 'We need research that convinces us that magazines are a real value in reader's lives, that readers are really involved.'
8 The critics also lambasted the magazine industry for something executives often are very proud of: the growth in magazine titles during the 1980s.
9 Leonard Lauder, president and chief executive officer of Estee Lauder, said consumer magazines are suffering from what he called 'niche-itis,'the increasing number of magazines that target the idosyncratic interests of readers.
10 'Niche-itis fragments our advertising dollars,' said Mr. Lauder. 'We are being over-magazined.
11 We are constantly faced with deciding which partnerships {with magazines} we can keep.' He added: 'There's probably even a magazine for left-handed golfers . . . but the general interest magazine is something we all miss, and it should come back.'
12 Mr. Lauder also attacked what he sees as the wide imitation of Elle, a fashion magazine published by Diamandis Communications Inc., and criticized the practice of stacking ads at the front of magazines. 'Readers don't want to face all those ad pages at the front of a magazine,' he said.
13 Magazine editors did not take the criticisms lying down. 'We spend a fortune on research information,' said Steve Burzon, publisher of Meredith Corp. 's Metropolitan Home.
14 And Tina Brown, editor of Conde Nast Publications Inc. 's Vanity Fair, said advertisers are frequently asked to take advertising positions in the back of her magazine to relieve ad clutter. 'But advertisers wouldn't think of it,' she said.
15 Bernard Leser, president of Conde Nast, added: 'Our research shows we sell more of our heavier issues . . . because readers believe they are getting more for what they pay for.'
| 3 | The conference opened Monday with glowing reports about consumer magazines ' growth in circulation and advertising revenue in the past year . | growth in circulation and advertising revenue | What are the circulation and revenue numbers? | 11 | 17 |
464 | 186 | 1 Blue-chip advertisers have plenty of complaints about the magazines they advertise in, ranging from inadequate consumer research to ad 'clutter' and a seemingly unchecked proliferation of special interest magazines.
2 Criticism from such big advertisers as Estee Lauder Inc., Colgate-Palmolive Co. and Seagram Co. put a damper on the euphoria at the American Magazine Conference here.
3 The conference opened Monday with glowing reports about consumer magazines' growth in circulation and advertising revenue in the past year.
4 'Magazines are not providing us in-depth information on circulation,' said Edgar Bronfman Jr., president and chief operating officer of Seagram, in a panel discussion. 'How do readers feel about the magazine?
5 How deeply do they read it?
6 Research doesn't tell us whether people actually do read the magazines they subscribe to.'
7 Reuben Mark, chief executive of Colgate-Palmolive, said advertisers lack detailed demographic and geographic breakdowns of magazines' audiences. 'We need research that convinces us that magazines are a real value in reader's lives, that readers are really involved.'
8 The critics also lambasted the magazine industry for something executives often are very proud of: the growth in magazine titles during the 1980s.
9 Leonard Lauder, president and chief executive officer of Estee Lauder, said consumer magazines are suffering from what he called 'niche-itis,'the increasing number of magazines that target the idosyncratic interests of readers.
10 'Niche-itis fragments our advertising dollars,' said Mr. Lauder. 'We are being over-magazined.
11 We are constantly faced with deciding which partnerships {with magazines} we can keep.' He added: 'There's probably even a magazine for left-handed golfers . . . but the general interest magazine is something we all miss, and it should come back.'
12 Mr. Lauder also attacked what he sees as the wide imitation of Elle, a fashion magazine published by Diamandis Communications Inc., and criticized the practice of stacking ads at the front of magazines. 'Readers don't want to face all those ad pages at the front of a magazine,' he said.
13 Magazine editors did not take the criticisms lying down. 'We spend a fortune on research information,' said Steve Burzon, publisher of Meredith Corp. 's Metropolitan Home.
14 And Tina Brown, editor of Conde Nast Publications Inc. 's Vanity Fair, said advertisers are frequently asked to take advertising positions in the back of her magazine to relieve ad clutter. 'But advertisers wouldn't think of it,' she said.
15 Bernard Leser, president of Conde Nast, added: 'Our research shows we sell more of our heavier issues . . . because readers believe they are getting more for what they pay for.'
| 4 | " Magazines are not providing us in - depth information on circulation , " said Edgar Bronfman Jr . , president and chief operating officer of Seagram , in a panel discussion . " How do readers feel about the magazine ? | not providing us in - depth information | Why aren't magazines providing in-depth information? | 3 | 10 |
465 | 186 | 1 Blue-chip advertisers have plenty of complaints about the magazines they advertise in, ranging from inadequate consumer research to ad 'clutter' and a seemingly unchecked proliferation of special interest magazines.
2 Criticism from such big advertisers as Estee Lauder Inc., Colgate-Palmolive Co. and Seagram Co. put a damper on the euphoria at the American Magazine Conference here.
3 The conference opened Monday with glowing reports about consumer magazines' growth in circulation and advertising revenue in the past year.
4 'Magazines are not providing us in-depth information on circulation,' said Edgar Bronfman Jr., president and chief operating officer of Seagram, in a panel discussion. 'How do readers feel about the magazine?
5 How deeply do they read it?
6 Research doesn't tell us whether people actually do read the magazines they subscribe to.'
7 Reuben Mark, chief executive of Colgate-Palmolive, said advertisers lack detailed demographic and geographic breakdowns of magazines' audiences. 'We need research that convinces us that magazines are a real value in reader's lives, that readers are really involved.'
8 The critics also lambasted the magazine industry for something executives often are very proud of: the growth in magazine titles during the 1980s.
9 Leonard Lauder, president and chief executive officer of Estee Lauder, said consumer magazines are suffering from what he called 'niche-itis,'the increasing number of magazines that target the idosyncratic interests of readers.
10 'Niche-itis fragments our advertising dollars,' said Mr. Lauder. 'We are being over-magazined.
11 We are constantly faced with deciding which partnerships {with magazines} we can keep.' He added: 'There's probably even a magazine for left-handed golfers . . . but the general interest magazine is something we all miss, and it should come back.'
12 Mr. Lauder also attacked what he sees as the wide imitation of Elle, a fashion magazine published by Diamandis Communications Inc., and criticized the practice of stacking ads at the front of magazines. 'Readers don't want to face all those ad pages at the front of a magazine,' he said.
13 Magazine editors did not take the criticisms lying down. 'We spend a fortune on research information,' said Steve Burzon, publisher of Meredith Corp. 's Metropolitan Home.
14 And Tina Brown, editor of Conde Nast Publications Inc. 's Vanity Fair, said advertisers are frequently asked to take advertising positions in the back of her magazine to relieve ad clutter. 'But advertisers wouldn't think of it,' she said.
15 Bernard Leser, president of Conde Nast, added: 'Our research shows we sell more of our heavier issues . . . because readers believe they are getting more for what they pay for.'
| 4 | " Magazines are not providing us in - depth information on circulation , " said Edgar Bronfman Jr . , president and chief operating officer of Seagram , in a panel discussion . " How do readers feel about the magazine ? | the magazine ? | Which magazine? | 39 | 42 |
466 | 186 | 1 Blue-chip advertisers have plenty of complaints about the magazines they advertise in, ranging from inadequate consumer research to ad 'clutter' and a seemingly unchecked proliferation of special interest magazines.
2 Criticism from such big advertisers as Estee Lauder Inc., Colgate-Palmolive Co. and Seagram Co. put a damper on the euphoria at the American Magazine Conference here.
3 The conference opened Monday with glowing reports about consumer magazines' growth in circulation and advertising revenue in the past year.
4 'Magazines are not providing us in-depth information on circulation,' said Edgar Bronfman Jr., president and chief operating officer of Seagram, in a panel discussion. 'How do readers feel about the magazine?
5 How deeply do they read it?
6 Research doesn't tell us whether people actually do read the magazines they subscribe to.'
7 Reuben Mark, chief executive of Colgate-Palmolive, said advertisers lack detailed demographic and geographic breakdowns of magazines' audiences. 'We need research that convinces us that magazines are a real value in reader's lives, that readers are really involved.'
8 The critics also lambasted the magazine industry for something executives often are very proud of: the growth in magazine titles during the 1980s.
9 Leonard Lauder, president and chief executive officer of Estee Lauder, said consumer magazines are suffering from what he called 'niche-itis,'the increasing number of magazines that target the idosyncratic interests of readers.
10 'Niche-itis fragments our advertising dollars,' said Mr. Lauder. 'We are being over-magazined.
11 We are constantly faced with deciding which partnerships {with magazines} we can keep.' He added: 'There's probably even a magazine for left-handed golfers . . . but the general interest magazine is something we all miss, and it should come back.'
12 Mr. Lauder also attacked what he sees as the wide imitation of Elle, a fashion magazine published by Diamandis Communications Inc., and criticized the practice of stacking ads at the front of magazines. 'Readers don't want to face all those ad pages at the front of a magazine,' he said.
13 Magazine editors did not take the criticisms lying down. 'We spend a fortune on research information,' said Steve Burzon, publisher of Meredith Corp. 's Metropolitan Home.
14 And Tina Brown, editor of Conde Nast Publications Inc. 's Vanity Fair, said advertisers are frequently asked to take advertising positions in the back of her magazine to relieve ad clutter. 'But advertisers wouldn't think of it,' she said.
15 Bernard Leser, president of Conde Nast, added: 'Our research shows we sell more of our heavier issues . . . because readers believe they are getting more for what they pay for.'
| 5 | How deeply do they read it ? | read | read what? | 4 | 5 |
467 | 187 | 1 Tuesday, October 24, 1989
2 The key U.S. and foreign annual interest rates below are a guide to general levels but don't always represent actual transactions.
3 PRIME RATE: 10 1/2%.
4 The base rate on corporate loans at large U.S. money center commercial banks.
5 FEDERAL FUNDS: 8 3/4% high, 8 5/8% low, 8 11/16% near closing bid, 8 11/16% offered.
6 Reserves traded among commercial banks for overnight use in amounts of $1 million or more.
7 Source: Fulton Prebon (U.S.A.) Inc.
8 DISCOUNT RATE: 7%.
9 The charge on loans to depository institutions by the New York Federal Reserve Bank.
10 CALL MONEY: 9 3/4% to 10%.
11 The charge on loans to brokers on stock exchange collateral.
12 COMMERCIAL PAPER placed directly by General Motors Acceptance Corp.: 8.45% 30 to 44 days; 8.25% 45 to 68 days; 8.30% 69 to 89 days; 8.125% 90 to 119 days; 8% 120 to 149 days; 7.875% 150 to 179 days; 7.50% 180 to 270 days.
13 COMMERCIAL PAPER: High-grade unsecured notes sold through dealers by major corporations in multiples of $1,000: 8.55% 30 days; 8.475% 60 days; 8.45% 90 days.
14 CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT: 8.09% one month; 8.09% two months; 8.06% three months; 8% six months; 7.94% one year.
15 Average of top rates paid by major New York banks on primary new issues of negotiable C.D.s, usually on amounts of $1 million and more.
16 The minimum unit is $100,000.
17 Typical rates in the secondary market: 8.55% one month; 8.50% three months; 8.35% six months.
18 BANKERS ACCEPTANCES: 8.48% 30 days; 8.30% 60 days; 8.28% 90 days; 8.10% 120 days; 8% 150 days; 7.90% 180 days.
19 Negotiable, bank-backed business credit instruments typically financing an import order.
20 LONDON LATE EURODOLLARS: 8 11/16% to 8 9/16% one month; 8 5/8% to 8 1/2% two months; 8 5/8% to 8 1/2% three months; 8 9/16% to 8 7/16% four months; 8 1/2% to 8 3/8% five months; 8 7/16% to 8 5/16% six months.
21 LONDON INTERBANK OFFERED RATES (LIBOR): 8 11/16% one month; 8 11/16% three months; 8 1/2% six months; 8 1/2% one year.
22 The average of interbank offered rates for dollar deposits in the London market based on quotations at five major banks.
23 FOREIGN PRIME RATES: Canada 13.50%; Germany 9%; Japan 4.875%; Switzerland 8.50%; Britain 15%.
24 These rate indications aren't directly comparable; lending practices vary widely by location.
25 TREASURY BILLS: Results of the Monday, October 23, 1989, auction of short-term U.S. government bills, sold at a discount from face value in units of $10,000 to $1 million: 7.52% 13 weeks; 7.50% 26 weeks.
26 FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORP. (Freddie Mac): Posted yields on 30-year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days. 9.78%, standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages; 7.875%, 2% rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages.
27 Source: Telerate Systems Inc.
28 FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION (Fannie Mae): Posted yields on 30 year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days (priced at par) 9.75%, standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages; 8.70%, 6/2 rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages.
29 Source: Telerate Systems Inc.
30 MERRILL LYNCH READY ASSETS TRUST: 8.59%.
31 Annualized average rate of return after expenses for the past 30 days; not a forecast of future returns.
| 1 | Tuesday , October 24 , 1989 | 24 , | what happened? | 3 | 5 |
468 | 187 | 1 Tuesday, October 24, 1989
2 The key U.S. and foreign annual interest rates below are a guide to general levels but don't always represent actual transactions.
3 PRIME RATE: 10 1/2%.
4 The base rate on corporate loans at large U.S. money center commercial banks.
5 FEDERAL FUNDS: 8 3/4% high, 8 5/8% low, 8 11/16% near closing bid, 8 11/16% offered.
6 Reserves traded among commercial banks for overnight use in amounts of $1 million or more.
7 Source: Fulton Prebon (U.S.A.) Inc.
8 DISCOUNT RATE: 7%.
9 The charge on loans to depository institutions by the New York Federal Reserve Bank.
10 CALL MONEY: 9 3/4% to 10%.
11 The charge on loans to brokers on stock exchange collateral.
12 COMMERCIAL PAPER placed directly by General Motors Acceptance Corp.: 8.45% 30 to 44 days; 8.25% 45 to 68 days; 8.30% 69 to 89 days; 8.125% 90 to 119 days; 8% 120 to 149 days; 7.875% 150 to 179 days; 7.50% 180 to 270 days.
13 COMMERCIAL PAPER: High-grade unsecured notes sold through dealers by major corporations in multiples of $1,000: 8.55% 30 days; 8.475% 60 days; 8.45% 90 days.
14 CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT: 8.09% one month; 8.09% two months; 8.06% three months; 8% six months; 7.94% one year.
15 Average of top rates paid by major New York banks on primary new issues of negotiable C.D.s, usually on amounts of $1 million and more.
16 The minimum unit is $100,000.
17 Typical rates in the secondary market: 8.55% one month; 8.50% three months; 8.35% six months.
18 BANKERS ACCEPTANCES: 8.48% 30 days; 8.30% 60 days; 8.28% 90 days; 8.10% 120 days; 8% 150 days; 7.90% 180 days.
19 Negotiable, bank-backed business credit instruments typically financing an import order.
20 LONDON LATE EURODOLLARS: 8 11/16% to 8 9/16% one month; 8 5/8% to 8 1/2% two months; 8 5/8% to 8 1/2% three months; 8 9/16% to 8 7/16% four months; 8 1/2% to 8 3/8% five months; 8 7/16% to 8 5/16% six months.
21 LONDON INTERBANK OFFERED RATES (LIBOR): 8 11/16% one month; 8 11/16% three months; 8 1/2% six months; 8 1/2% one year.
22 The average of interbank offered rates for dollar deposits in the London market based on quotations at five major banks.
23 FOREIGN PRIME RATES: Canada 13.50%; Germany 9%; Japan 4.875%; Switzerland 8.50%; Britain 15%.
24 These rate indications aren't directly comparable; lending practices vary widely by location.
25 TREASURY BILLS: Results of the Monday, October 23, 1989, auction of short-term U.S. government bills, sold at a discount from face value in units of $10,000 to $1 million: 7.52% 13 weeks; 7.50% 26 weeks.
26 FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORP. (Freddie Mac): Posted yields on 30-year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days. 9.78%, standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages; 7.875%, 2% rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages.
27 Source: Telerate Systems Inc.
28 FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION (Fannie Mae): Posted yields on 30 year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days (priced at par) 9.75%, standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages; 8.70%, 6/2 rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages.
29 Source: Telerate Systems Inc.
30 MERRILL LYNCH READY ASSETS TRUST: 8.59%.
31 Annualized average rate of return after expenses for the past 30 days; not a forecast of future returns.
| 2 | The key U . S . and foreign annual interest rates below are a guide to general levels but don ' t always represent actual transactions . | represent actual transactions | Why don't the interest rates represent actual transactions? | 23 | 26 |
469 | 187 | 1 Tuesday, October 24, 1989
2 The key U.S. and foreign annual interest rates below are a guide to general levels but don't always represent actual transactions.
3 PRIME RATE: 10 1/2%.
4 The base rate on corporate loans at large U.S. money center commercial banks.
5 FEDERAL FUNDS: 8 3/4% high, 8 5/8% low, 8 11/16% near closing bid, 8 11/16% offered.
6 Reserves traded among commercial banks for overnight use in amounts of $1 million or more.
7 Source: Fulton Prebon (U.S.A.) Inc.
8 DISCOUNT RATE: 7%.
9 The charge on loans to depository institutions by the New York Federal Reserve Bank.
10 CALL MONEY: 9 3/4% to 10%.
11 The charge on loans to brokers on stock exchange collateral.
12 COMMERCIAL PAPER placed directly by General Motors Acceptance Corp.: 8.45% 30 to 44 days; 8.25% 45 to 68 days; 8.30% 69 to 89 days; 8.125% 90 to 119 days; 8% 120 to 149 days; 7.875% 150 to 179 days; 7.50% 180 to 270 days.
13 COMMERCIAL PAPER: High-grade unsecured notes sold through dealers by major corporations in multiples of $1,000: 8.55% 30 days; 8.475% 60 days; 8.45% 90 days.
14 CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT: 8.09% one month; 8.09% two months; 8.06% three months; 8% six months; 7.94% one year.
15 Average of top rates paid by major New York banks on primary new issues of negotiable C.D.s, usually on amounts of $1 million and more.
16 The minimum unit is $100,000.
17 Typical rates in the secondary market: 8.55% one month; 8.50% three months; 8.35% six months.
18 BANKERS ACCEPTANCES: 8.48% 30 days; 8.30% 60 days; 8.28% 90 days; 8.10% 120 days; 8% 150 days; 7.90% 180 days.
19 Negotiable, bank-backed business credit instruments typically financing an import order.
20 LONDON LATE EURODOLLARS: 8 11/16% to 8 9/16% one month; 8 5/8% to 8 1/2% two months; 8 5/8% to 8 1/2% three months; 8 9/16% to 8 7/16% four months; 8 1/2% to 8 3/8% five months; 8 7/16% to 8 5/16% six months.
21 LONDON INTERBANK OFFERED RATES (LIBOR): 8 11/16% one month; 8 11/16% three months; 8 1/2% six months; 8 1/2% one year.
22 The average of interbank offered rates for dollar deposits in the London market based on quotations at five major banks.
23 FOREIGN PRIME RATES: Canada 13.50%; Germany 9%; Japan 4.875%; Switzerland 8.50%; Britain 15%.
24 These rate indications aren't directly comparable; lending practices vary widely by location.
25 TREASURY BILLS: Results of the Monday, October 23, 1989, auction of short-term U.S. government bills, sold at a discount from face value in units of $10,000 to $1 million: 7.52% 13 weeks; 7.50% 26 weeks.
26 FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORP. (Freddie Mac): Posted yields on 30-year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days. 9.78%, standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages; 7.875%, 2% rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages.
27 Source: Telerate Systems Inc.
28 FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION (Fannie Mae): Posted yields on 30 year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days (priced at par) 9.75%, standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages; 8.70%, 6/2 rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages.
29 Source: Telerate Systems Inc.
30 MERRILL LYNCH READY ASSETS TRUST: 8.59%.
31 Annualized average rate of return after expenses for the past 30 days; not a forecast of future returns.
| 2 | The key U . S . and foreign annual interest rates below are a guide to general levels but don ' t always represent actual transactions . | but don ' t always represent actual transactions | Why do interest rates not represent transactions? | 18 | 26 |
470 | 187 | 1 Tuesday, October 24, 1989
2 The key U.S. and foreign annual interest rates below are a guide to general levels but don't always represent actual transactions.
3 PRIME RATE: 10 1/2%.
4 The base rate on corporate loans at large U.S. money center commercial banks.
5 FEDERAL FUNDS: 8 3/4% high, 8 5/8% low, 8 11/16% near closing bid, 8 11/16% offered.
6 Reserves traded among commercial banks for overnight use in amounts of $1 million or more.
7 Source: Fulton Prebon (U.S.A.) Inc.
8 DISCOUNT RATE: 7%.
9 The charge on loans to depository institutions by the New York Federal Reserve Bank.
10 CALL MONEY: 9 3/4% to 10%.
11 The charge on loans to brokers on stock exchange collateral.
12 COMMERCIAL PAPER placed directly by General Motors Acceptance Corp.: 8.45% 30 to 44 days; 8.25% 45 to 68 days; 8.30% 69 to 89 days; 8.125% 90 to 119 days; 8% 120 to 149 days; 7.875% 150 to 179 days; 7.50% 180 to 270 days.
13 COMMERCIAL PAPER: High-grade unsecured notes sold through dealers by major corporations in multiples of $1,000: 8.55% 30 days; 8.475% 60 days; 8.45% 90 days.
14 CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT: 8.09% one month; 8.09% two months; 8.06% three months; 8% six months; 7.94% one year.
15 Average of top rates paid by major New York banks on primary new issues of negotiable C.D.s, usually on amounts of $1 million and more.
16 The minimum unit is $100,000.
17 Typical rates in the secondary market: 8.55% one month; 8.50% three months; 8.35% six months.
18 BANKERS ACCEPTANCES: 8.48% 30 days; 8.30% 60 days; 8.28% 90 days; 8.10% 120 days; 8% 150 days; 7.90% 180 days.
19 Negotiable, bank-backed business credit instruments typically financing an import order.
20 LONDON LATE EURODOLLARS: 8 11/16% to 8 9/16% one month; 8 5/8% to 8 1/2% two months; 8 5/8% to 8 1/2% three months; 8 9/16% to 8 7/16% four months; 8 1/2% to 8 3/8% five months; 8 7/16% to 8 5/16% six months.
21 LONDON INTERBANK OFFERED RATES (LIBOR): 8 11/16% one month; 8 11/16% three months; 8 1/2% six months; 8 1/2% one year.
22 The average of interbank offered rates for dollar deposits in the London market based on quotations at five major banks.
23 FOREIGN PRIME RATES: Canada 13.50%; Germany 9%; Japan 4.875%; Switzerland 8.50%; Britain 15%.
24 These rate indications aren't directly comparable; lending practices vary widely by location.
25 TREASURY BILLS: Results of the Monday, October 23, 1989, auction of short-term U.S. government bills, sold at a discount from face value in units of $10,000 to $1 million: 7.52% 13 weeks; 7.50% 26 weeks.
26 FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORP. (Freddie Mac): Posted yields on 30-year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days. 9.78%, standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages; 7.875%, 2% rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages.
27 Source: Telerate Systems Inc.
28 FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION (Fannie Mae): Posted yields on 30 year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days (priced at par) 9.75%, standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages; 8.70%, 6/2 rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages.
29 Source: Telerate Systems Inc.
30 MERRILL LYNCH READY ASSETS TRUST: 8.59%.
31 Annualized average rate of return after expenses for the past 30 days; not a forecast of future returns.
| 3 | PRIME RATE : 10 1 / 2 % . | PRIME RATE : | what is a prime rate? | 0 | 3 |
471 | 187 | 1 Tuesday, October 24, 1989
2 The key U.S. and foreign annual interest rates below are a guide to general levels but don't always represent actual transactions.
3 PRIME RATE: 10 1/2%.
4 The base rate on corporate loans at large U.S. money center commercial banks.
5 FEDERAL FUNDS: 8 3/4% high, 8 5/8% low, 8 11/16% near closing bid, 8 11/16% offered.
6 Reserves traded among commercial banks for overnight use in amounts of $1 million or more.
7 Source: Fulton Prebon (U.S.A.) Inc.
8 DISCOUNT RATE: 7%.
9 The charge on loans to depository institutions by the New York Federal Reserve Bank.
10 CALL MONEY: 9 3/4% to 10%.
11 The charge on loans to brokers on stock exchange collateral.
12 COMMERCIAL PAPER placed directly by General Motors Acceptance Corp.: 8.45% 30 to 44 days; 8.25% 45 to 68 days; 8.30% 69 to 89 days; 8.125% 90 to 119 days; 8% 120 to 149 days; 7.875% 150 to 179 days; 7.50% 180 to 270 days.
13 COMMERCIAL PAPER: High-grade unsecured notes sold through dealers by major corporations in multiples of $1,000: 8.55% 30 days; 8.475% 60 days; 8.45% 90 days.
14 CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT: 8.09% one month; 8.09% two months; 8.06% three months; 8% six months; 7.94% one year.
15 Average of top rates paid by major New York banks on primary new issues of negotiable C.D.s, usually on amounts of $1 million and more.
16 The minimum unit is $100,000.
17 Typical rates in the secondary market: 8.55% one month; 8.50% three months; 8.35% six months.
18 BANKERS ACCEPTANCES: 8.48% 30 days; 8.30% 60 days; 8.28% 90 days; 8.10% 120 days; 8% 150 days; 7.90% 180 days.
19 Negotiable, bank-backed business credit instruments typically financing an import order.
20 LONDON LATE EURODOLLARS: 8 11/16% to 8 9/16% one month; 8 5/8% to 8 1/2% two months; 8 5/8% to 8 1/2% three months; 8 9/16% to 8 7/16% four months; 8 1/2% to 8 3/8% five months; 8 7/16% to 8 5/16% six months.
21 LONDON INTERBANK OFFERED RATES (LIBOR): 8 11/16% one month; 8 11/16% three months; 8 1/2% six months; 8 1/2% one year.
22 The average of interbank offered rates for dollar deposits in the London market based on quotations at five major banks.
23 FOREIGN PRIME RATES: Canada 13.50%; Germany 9%; Japan 4.875%; Switzerland 8.50%; Britain 15%.
24 These rate indications aren't directly comparable; lending practices vary widely by location.
25 TREASURY BILLS: Results of the Monday, October 23, 1989, auction of short-term U.S. government bills, sold at a discount from face value in units of $10,000 to $1 million: 7.52% 13 weeks; 7.50% 26 weeks.
26 FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORP. (Freddie Mac): Posted yields on 30-year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days. 9.78%, standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages; 7.875%, 2% rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages.
27 Source: Telerate Systems Inc.
28 FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION (Fannie Mae): Posted yields on 30 year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days (priced at par) 9.75%, standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages; 8.70%, 6/2 rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages.
29 Source: Telerate Systems Inc.
30 MERRILL LYNCH READY ASSETS TRUST: 8.59%.
31 Annualized average rate of return after expenses for the past 30 days; not a forecast of future returns.
| 4 | The base rate on corporate loans at large U . S . money center commercial banks . | base rate | what is a base rate? | 1 | 3 |
472 | 187 | 1 Tuesday, October 24, 1989
2 The key U.S. and foreign annual interest rates below are a guide to general levels but don't always represent actual transactions.
3 PRIME RATE: 10 1/2%.
4 The base rate on corporate loans at large U.S. money center commercial banks.
5 FEDERAL FUNDS: 8 3/4% high, 8 5/8% low, 8 11/16% near closing bid, 8 11/16% offered.
6 Reserves traded among commercial banks for overnight use in amounts of $1 million or more.
7 Source: Fulton Prebon (U.S.A.) Inc.
8 DISCOUNT RATE: 7%.
9 The charge on loans to depository institutions by the New York Federal Reserve Bank.
10 CALL MONEY: 9 3/4% to 10%.
11 The charge on loans to brokers on stock exchange collateral.
12 COMMERCIAL PAPER placed directly by General Motors Acceptance Corp.: 8.45% 30 to 44 days; 8.25% 45 to 68 days; 8.30% 69 to 89 days; 8.125% 90 to 119 days; 8% 120 to 149 days; 7.875% 150 to 179 days; 7.50% 180 to 270 days.
13 COMMERCIAL PAPER: High-grade unsecured notes sold through dealers by major corporations in multiples of $1,000: 8.55% 30 days; 8.475% 60 days; 8.45% 90 days.
14 CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT: 8.09% one month; 8.09% two months; 8.06% three months; 8% six months; 7.94% one year.
15 Average of top rates paid by major New York banks on primary new issues of negotiable C.D.s, usually on amounts of $1 million and more.
16 The minimum unit is $100,000.
17 Typical rates in the secondary market: 8.55% one month; 8.50% three months; 8.35% six months.
18 BANKERS ACCEPTANCES: 8.48% 30 days; 8.30% 60 days; 8.28% 90 days; 8.10% 120 days; 8% 150 days; 7.90% 180 days.
19 Negotiable, bank-backed business credit instruments typically financing an import order.
20 LONDON LATE EURODOLLARS: 8 11/16% to 8 9/16% one month; 8 5/8% to 8 1/2% two months; 8 5/8% to 8 1/2% three months; 8 9/16% to 8 7/16% four months; 8 1/2% to 8 3/8% five months; 8 7/16% to 8 5/16% six months.
21 LONDON INTERBANK OFFERED RATES (LIBOR): 8 11/16% one month; 8 11/16% three months; 8 1/2% six months; 8 1/2% one year.
22 The average of interbank offered rates for dollar deposits in the London market based on quotations at five major banks.
23 FOREIGN PRIME RATES: Canada 13.50%; Germany 9%; Japan 4.875%; Switzerland 8.50%; Britain 15%.
24 These rate indications aren't directly comparable; lending practices vary widely by location.
25 TREASURY BILLS: Results of the Monday, October 23, 1989, auction of short-term U.S. government bills, sold at a discount from face value in units of $10,000 to $1 million: 7.52% 13 weeks; 7.50% 26 weeks.
26 FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORP. (Freddie Mac): Posted yields on 30-year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days. 9.78%, standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages; 7.875%, 2% rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages.
27 Source: Telerate Systems Inc.
28 FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION (Fannie Mae): Posted yields on 30 year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days (priced at par) 9.75%, standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages; 8.70%, 6/2 rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages.
29 Source: Telerate Systems Inc.
30 MERRILL LYNCH READY ASSETS TRUST: 8.59%.
31 Annualized average rate of return after expenses for the past 30 days; not a forecast of future returns.
| 5 | FEDERAL FUNDS : 8 3 / 4 % high , 8 5 / 8 % low , 8 11 / 16 % near closing bid , 8 11 / 16 % offered . | FEDERAL FUNDS : | What are federal funds? | 0 | 3 |
473 | 187 | 1 Tuesday, October 24, 1989
2 The key U.S. and foreign annual interest rates below are a guide to general levels but don't always represent actual transactions.
3 PRIME RATE: 10 1/2%.
4 The base rate on corporate loans at large U.S. money center commercial banks.
5 FEDERAL FUNDS: 8 3/4% high, 8 5/8% low, 8 11/16% near closing bid, 8 11/16% offered.
6 Reserves traded among commercial banks for overnight use in amounts of $1 million or more.
7 Source: Fulton Prebon (U.S.A.) Inc.
8 DISCOUNT RATE: 7%.
9 The charge on loans to depository institutions by the New York Federal Reserve Bank.
10 CALL MONEY: 9 3/4% to 10%.
11 The charge on loans to brokers on stock exchange collateral.
12 COMMERCIAL PAPER placed directly by General Motors Acceptance Corp.: 8.45% 30 to 44 days; 8.25% 45 to 68 days; 8.30% 69 to 89 days; 8.125% 90 to 119 days; 8% 120 to 149 days; 7.875% 150 to 179 days; 7.50% 180 to 270 days.
13 COMMERCIAL PAPER: High-grade unsecured notes sold through dealers by major corporations in multiples of $1,000: 8.55% 30 days; 8.475% 60 days; 8.45% 90 days.
14 CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT: 8.09% one month; 8.09% two months; 8.06% three months; 8% six months; 7.94% one year.
15 Average of top rates paid by major New York banks on primary new issues of negotiable C.D.s, usually on amounts of $1 million and more.
16 The minimum unit is $100,000.
17 Typical rates in the secondary market: 8.55% one month; 8.50% three months; 8.35% six months.
18 BANKERS ACCEPTANCES: 8.48% 30 days; 8.30% 60 days; 8.28% 90 days; 8.10% 120 days; 8% 150 days; 7.90% 180 days.
19 Negotiable, bank-backed business credit instruments typically financing an import order.
20 LONDON LATE EURODOLLARS: 8 11/16% to 8 9/16% one month; 8 5/8% to 8 1/2% two months; 8 5/8% to 8 1/2% three months; 8 9/16% to 8 7/16% four months; 8 1/2% to 8 3/8% five months; 8 7/16% to 8 5/16% six months.
21 LONDON INTERBANK OFFERED RATES (LIBOR): 8 11/16% one month; 8 11/16% three months; 8 1/2% six months; 8 1/2% one year.
22 The average of interbank offered rates for dollar deposits in the London market based on quotations at five major banks.
23 FOREIGN PRIME RATES: Canada 13.50%; Germany 9%; Japan 4.875%; Switzerland 8.50%; Britain 15%.
24 These rate indications aren't directly comparable; lending practices vary widely by location.
25 TREASURY BILLS: Results of the Monday, October 23, 1989, auction of short-term U.S. government bills, sold at a discount from face value in units of $10,000 to $1 million: 7.52% 13 weeks; 7.50% 26 weeks.
26 FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORP. (Freddie Mac): Posted yields on 30-year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days. 9.78%, standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages; 7.875%, 2% rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages.
27 Source: Telerate Systems Inc.
28 FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION (Fannie Mae): Posted yields on 30 year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days (priced at par) 9.75%, standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages; 8.70%, 6/2 rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages.
29 Source: Telerate Systems Inc.
30 MERRILL LYNCH READY ASSETS TRUST: 8.59%.
31 Annualized average rate of return after expenses for the past 30 days; not a forecast of future returns.
| 5 | FEDERAL FUNDS : 8 3 / 4 % high , 8 5 / 8 % low , 8 11 / 16 % near closing bid , 8 11 / 16 % offered . | 3 / 4 % high , 8 5 / 8 % low , 8 11 / 16 % near closing bid , | what do the numbers mean? | 4 | 26 |
474 | 188 | 1 Your Oct. 2 editorial 'Reding, Wrighting & Erithmatic' on the recent 'education summit' was like most pieces on the subject of education: It had little to say.
2 Oddly, though, on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system.
3 Unfortunately, the comment was buried in another article, so it could not stand out in an education context.
4 In the Manager's Journal, Atsushi Kageyama, in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture, said, 'Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe.
5 After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood, they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school.'
6 What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children, on the whole, are among the most undisciplined in the world, making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful.
7 Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children, all the worthy concern, discussions and actions will not solve the problem.
8 Allen B. Richards
9 Peterborough, N.H.
| 1 | Your Oct . 2 editorial " Reding , Wrighting & Erithmatic " on the recent " education summit " was like most pieces on the subject of education : It had little to say . | Your Oct . 2 editorial | Who is this person talking to? | 0 | 5 |
475 | 188 | 1 Your Oct. 2 editorial 'Reding, Wrighting & Erithmatic' on the recent 'education summit' was like most pieces on the subject of education: It had little to say.
2 Oddly, though, on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system.
3 Unfortunately, the comment was buried in another article, so it could not stand out in an education context.
4 In the Manager's Journal, Atsushi Kageyama, in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture, said, 'Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe.
5 After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood, they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school.'
6 What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children, on the whole, are among the most undisciplined in the world, making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful.
7 Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children, all the worthy concern, discussions and actions will not solve the problem.
8 Allen B. Richards
9 Peterborough, N.H.
| 1 | Your Oct . 2 editorial " Reding , Wrighting & Erithmatic " on the recent " education summit " was like most pieces on the subject of education : It had little to say . | was like most pieces on the subject of education : | What are most pieces like in this persons opinion? | 19 | 29 |
476 | 188 | 1 Your Oct. 2 editorial 'Reding, Wrighting & Erithmatic' on the recent 'education summit' was like most pieces on the subject of education: It had little to say.
2 Oddly, though, on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system.
3 Unfortunately, the comment was buried in another article, so it could not stand out in an education context.
4 In the Manager's Journal, Atsushi Kageyama, in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture, said, 'Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe.
5 After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood, they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school.'
6 What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children, on the whole, are among the most undisciplined in the world, making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful.
7 Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children, all the worthy concern, discussions and actions will not solve the problem.
8 Allen B. Richards
9 Peterborough, N.H.
| 2 | Oddly , though , on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system . | a comment | (assuming it's in the next paragraph) what is this mystery comment? | 11 | 13 |
477 | 188 | 1 Your Oct. 2 editorial 'Reding, Wrighting & Erithmatic' on the recent 'education summit' was like most pieces on the subject of education: It had little to say.
2 Oddly, though, on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system.
3 Unfortunately, the comment was buried in another article, so it could not stand out in an education context.
4 In the Manager's Journal, Atsushi Kageyama, in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture, said, 'Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe.
5 After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood, they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school.'
6 What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children, on the whole, are among the most undisciplined in the world, making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful.
7 Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children, all the worthy concern, discussions and actions will not solve the problem.
8 Allen B. Richards
9 Peterborough, N.H.
| 2 | Oddly , though , on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system . | Oddly , | Why is my knowledge or ability being undermined? | 0 | 2 |
478 | 188 | 1 Your Oct. 2 editorial 'Reding, Wrighting & Erithmatic' on the recent 'education summit' was like most pieces on the subject of education: It had little to say.
2 Oddly, though, on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system.
3 Unfortunately, the comment was buried in another article, so it could not stand out in an education context.
4 In the Manager's Journal, Atsushi Kageyama, in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture, said, 'Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe.
5 After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood, they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school.'
6 What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children, on the whole, are among the most undisciplined in the world, making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful.
7 Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children, all the worthy concern, discussions and actions will not solve the problem.
8 Allen B. Richards
9 Peterborough, N.H.
| 2 | Oddly , though , on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system . | the very same page you printed | Which page did he print? | 5 | 11 |
479 | 188 | 1 Your Oct. 2 editorial 'Reding, Wrighting & Erithmatic' on the recent 'education summit' was like most pieces on the subject of education: It had little to say.
2 Oddly, though, on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system.
3 Unfortunately, the comment was buried in another article, so it could not stand out in an education context.
4 In the Manager's Journal, Atsushi Kageyama, in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture, said, 'Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe.
5 After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood, they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school.'
6 What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children, on the whole, are among the most undisciplined in the world, making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful.
7 Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children, all the worthy concern, discussions and actions will not solve the problem.
8 Allen B. Richards
9 Peterborough, N.H.
| 2 | Oddly , though , on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system . | shortcomings | What is one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system? | 20 | 21 |
480 | 188 | 1 Your Oct. 2 editorial 'Reding, Wrighting & Erithmatic' on the recent 'education summit' was like most pieces on the subject of education: It had little to say.
2 Oddly, though, on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system.
3 Unfortunately, the comment was buried in another article, so it could not stand out in an education context.
4 In the Manager's Journal, Atsushi Kageyama, in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture, said, 'Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe.
5 After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood, they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school.'
6 What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children, on the whole, are among the most undisciplined in the world, making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful.
7 Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children, all the worthy concern, discussions and actions will not solve the problem.
8 Allen B. Richards
9 Peterborough, N.H.
| 3 | Unfortunately , the comment was buried in another article , so it could not stand out in an education context . | context | What IS the context? You never said | 19 | 20 |
481 | 188 | 1 Your Oct. 2 editorial 'Reding, Wrighting & Erithmatic' on the recent 'education summit' was like most pieces on the subject of education: It had little to say.
2 Oddly, though, on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system.
3 Unfortunately, the comment was buried in another article, so it could not stand out in an education context.
4 In the Manager's Journal, Atsushi Kageyama, in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture, said, 'Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe.
5 After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood, they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school.'
6 What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children, on the whole, are among the most undisciplined in the world, making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful.
7 Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children, all the worthy concern, discussions and actions will not solve the problem.
8 Allen B. Richards
9 Peterborough, N.H.
| 3 | Unfortunately , the comment was buried in another article , so it could not stand out in an education context . | another | What form or collection are these writings? | 7 | 8 |
482 | 188 | 1 Your Oct. 2 editorial 'Reding, Wrighting & Erithmatic' on the recent 'education summit' was like most pieces on the subject of education: It had little to say.
2 Oddly, though, on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system.
3 Unfortunately, the comment was buried in another article, so it could not stand out in an education context.
4 In the Manager's Journal, Atsushi Kageyama, in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture, said, 'Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe.
5 After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood, they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school.'
6 What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children, on the whole, are among the most undisciplined in the world, making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful.
7 Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children, all the worthy concern, discussions and actions will not solve the problem.
8 Allen B. Richards
9 Peterborough, N.H.
| 3 | Unfortunately , the comment was buried in another article , so it could not stand out in an education context . | buried in another article , | Which article was it buried in? | 5 | 10 |
483 | 188 | 1 Your Oct. 2 editorial 'Reding, Wrighting & Erithmatic' on the recent 'education summit' was like most pieces on the subject of education: It had little to say.
2 Oddly, though, on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system.
3 Unfortunately, the comment was buried in another article, so it could not stand out in an education context.
4 In the Manager's Journal, Atsushi Kageyama, in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture, said, 'Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe.
5 After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood, they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school.'
6 What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children, on the whole, are among the most undisciplined in the world, making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful.
7 Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children, all the worthy concern, discussions and actions will not solve the problem.
8 Allen B. Richards
9 Peterborough, N.H.
| 4 | In the Manager ' s Journal , Atsushi Kageyama , in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture , said , " Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe . | severe | Is this an opinion or are there statistics to back it up? | 35 | 36 |
484 | 188 | 1 Your Oct. 2 editorial 'Reding, Wrighting & Erithmatic' on the recent 'education summit' was like most pieces on the subject of education: It had little to say.
2 Oddly, though, on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system.
3 Unfortunately, the comment was buried in another article, so it could not stand out in an education context.
4 In the Manager's Journal, Atsushi Kageyama, in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture, said, 'Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe.
5 After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood, they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school.'
6 What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children, on the whole, are among the most undisciplined in the world, making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful.
7 Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children, all the worthy concern, discussions and actions will not solve the problem.
8 Allen B. Richards
9 Peterborough, N.H.
| 4 | In the Manager ' s Journal , Atsushi Kageyama , in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture , said , " Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe . | Atsushi Kageyama , | Who is Atsushi Kageyama? | 7 | 10 |
485 | 188 | 1 Your Oct. 2 editorial 'Reding, Wrighting & Erithmatic' on the recent 'education summit' was like most pieces on the subject of education: It had little to say.
2 Oddly, though, on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system.
3 Unfortunately, the comment was buried in another article, so it could not stand out in an education context.
4 In the Manager's Journal, Atsushi Kageyama, in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture, said, 'Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe.
5 After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood, they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school.'
6 What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children, on the whole, are among the most undisciplined in the world, making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful.
7 Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children, all the worthy concern, discussions and actions will not solve the problem.
8 Allen B. Richards
9 Peterborough, N.H.
| 4 | In the Manager ' s Journal , Atsushi Kageyama , in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture , said , " Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe . | differences | What differences between American and Japanese culture would Americans find severe? | 14 | 15 |
486 | 188 | 1 Your Oct. 2 editorial 'Reding, Wrighting & Erithmatic' on the recent 'education summit' was like most pieces on the subject of education: It had little to say.
2 Oddly, though, on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system.
3 Unfortunately, the comment was buried in another article, so it could not stand out in an education context.
4 In the Manager's Journal, Atsushi Kageyama, in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture, said, 'Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe.
5 After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood, they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school.'
6 What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children, on the whole, are among the most undisciplined in the world, making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful.
7 Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children, all the worthy concern, discussions and actions will not solve the problem.
8 Allen B. Richards
9 Peterborough, N.H.
| 5 | After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood , they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school . " | rigid discipline | Why is this being implied as a bad thing? | 11 | 13 |
487 | 188 | 1 Your Oct. 2 editorial 'Reding, Wrighting & Erithmatic' on the recent 'education summit' was like most pieces on the subject of education: It had little to say.
2 Oddly, though, on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system.
3 Unfortunately, the comment was buried in another article, so it could not stand out in an education context.
4 In the Manager's Journal, Atsushi Kageyama, in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture, said, 'Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe.
5 After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood, they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school.'
6 What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children, on the whole, are among the most undisciplined in the world, making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful.
7 Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children, all the worthy concern, discussions and actions will not solve the problem.
8 Allen B. Richards
9 Peterborough, N.H.
| 5 | After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood , they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school . " | discipline | How does this compare to childhoods in other countries? | 12 | 13 |
488 | 188 | 1 Your Oct. 2 editorial 'Reding, Wrighting & Erithmatic' on the recent 'education summit' was like most pieces on the subject of education: It had little to say.
2 Oddly, though, on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system.
3 Unfortunately, the comment was buried in another article, so it could not stand out in an education context.
4 In the Manager's Journal, Atsushi Kageyama, in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture, said, 'Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe.
5 After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood, they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school.'
6 What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children, on the whole, are among the most undisciplined in the world, making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful.
7 Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children, all the worthy concern, discussions and actions will not solve the problem.
8 Allen B. Richards
9 Peterborough, N.H.
| 5 | After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood , they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school . " | discipline | What kind of discipline are they exposed to? | 12 | 13 |
489 | 189 | 1 Norfolk Southern Corp. directors authorized the railroad company to buy back as many as 45 million of its shares, which would have a current value of more than $1.7 billion.
2 The buy-back, coupled with a nearly completed earlier purchase of 20 million shares, would reduce shares outstanding by more than 26%.
3 The Norfolk, Va., company has 172.2 million shares outstanding.
4 In a statement, Arnold B. McKinnon, chairman and chief executive officer, noted that the new repurchase program 'should serve to enhance shareholder value.' A spokeswoman said the company will finance the buy-back with cash on hand, borrowing and 'cash Norfolk expects to generate.'
5 Analysts said they expected the action, and investors applauded the move.
6 In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange, Norfolk Southern shares closed at $37.875, up $1.125.
7 Still, analysts don't expect the buy-back to significantly affect per-share earnings in the short term. 'The impact won't be that great,' said Graeme Lidgerwood of First Boston Corp.
8 That is in part because of the effect of having to average the number of shares outstanding, she said.
9 In addition, Mrs. Lidgerwood said, Norfolk is likely to draw down its cash initially to finance the purchases and thus forfeit some interest income.
10 Longer term, however, the buy-back is expected to increase earnings, especially after 1990, Mrs. Lidgerwood said.
11 Moreover, the extensive program in effect establishes a floor for the stock price, said Joel Price, analyst for Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
12 The buy-back 'is really a comfort to those who want to buy the stock that there is a {price} floor,' he said. 'At a certain price, if the management thinks {the stock} is cheap, they can go in and buy it.'
13 Under the program, Norfolk plans to acquire shares in the open market.
14 Under the earlier plan, Norfolk was authorized in 1987 to buy up to 20 million shares.
15 It has purchased about 19 million of them.
| 1 | Norfolk Southern Corp . directors authorized the railroad company to buy back as many as 45 million of its shares , which would have a current value of more than $ 1 . 7 billion . | as many as 45 million of its shares , | Out of how many? What is the company's actual full current value? | 12 | 21 |
490 | 189 | 1 Norfolk Southern Corp. directors authorized the railroad company to buy back as many as 45 million of its shares, which would have a current value of more than $1.7 billion.
2 The buy-back, coupled with a nearly completed earlier purchase of 20 million shares, would reduce shares outstanding by more than 26%.
3 The Norfolk, Va., company has 172.2 million shares outstanding.
4 In a statement, Arnold B. McKinnon, chairman and chief executive officer, noted that the new repurchase program 'should serve to enhance shareholder value.' A spokeswoman said the company will finance the buy-back with cash on hand, borrowing and 'cash Norfolk expects to generate.'
5 Analysts said they expected the action, and investors applauded the move.
6 In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange, Norfolk Southern shares closed at $37.875, up $1.125.
7 Still, analysts don't expect the buy-back to significantly affect per-share earnings in the short term. 'The impact won't be that great,' said Graeme Lidgerwood of First Boston Corp.
8 That is in part because of the effect of having to average the number of shares outstanding, she said.
9 In addition, Mrs. Lidgerwood said, Norfolk is likely to draw down its cash initially to finance the purchases and thus forfeit some interest income.
10 Longer term, however, the buy-back is expected to increase earnings, especially after 1990, Mrs. Lidgerwood said.
11 Moreover, the extensive program in effect establishes a floor for the stock price, said Joel Price, analyst for Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
12 The buy-back 'is really a comfort to those who want to buy the stock that there is a {price} floor,' he said. 'At a certain price, if the management thinks {the stock} is cheap, they can go in and buy it.'
13 Under the program, Norfolk plans to acquire shares in the open market.
14 Under the earlier plan, Norfolk was authorized in 1987 to buy up to 20 million shares.
15 It has purchased about 19 million of them.
| 1 | Norfolk Southern Corp . directors authorized the railroad company to buy back as many as 45 million of its shares , which would have a current value of more than $ 1 . 7 billion . | buy back as many as 45 million of its shares , | What are the total outstanding shares of the company? | 10 | 21 |
491 | 189 | 1 Norfolk Southern Corp. directors authorized the railroad company to buy back as many as 45 million of its shares, which would have a current value of more than $1.7 billion.
2 The buy-back, coupled with a nearly completed earlier purchase of 20 million shares, would reduce shares outstanding by more than 26%.
3 The Norfolk, Va., company has 172.2 million shares outstanding.
4 In a statement, Arnold B. McKinnon, chairman and chief executive officer, noted that the new repurchase program 'should serve to enhance shareholder value.' A spokeswoman said the company will finance the buy-back with cash on hand, borrowing and 'cash Norfolk expects to generate.'
5 Analysts said they expected the action, and investors applauded the move.
6 In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange, Norfolk Southern shares closed at $37.875, up $1.125.
7 Still, analysts don't expect the buy-back to significantly affect per-share earnings in the short term. 'The impact won't be that great,' said Graeme Lidgerwood of First Boston Corp.
8 That is in part because of the effect of having to average the number of shares outstanding, she said.
9 In addition, Mrs. Lidgerwood said, Norfolk is likely to draw down its cash initially to finance the purchases and thus forfeit some interest income.
10 Longer term, however, the buy-back is expected to increase earnings, especially after 1990, Mrs. Lidgerwood said.
11 Moreover, the extensive program in effect establishes a floor for the stock price, said Joel Price, analyst for Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
12 The buy-back 'is really a comfort to those who want to buy the stock that there is a {price} floor,' he said. 'At a certain price, if the management thinks {the stock} is cheap, they can go in and buy it.'
13 Under the program, Norfolk plans to acquire shares in the open market.
14 Under the earlier plan, Norfolk was authorized in 1987 to buy up to 20 million shares.
15 It has purchased about 19 million of them.
| 2 | The buy - back , coupled with a nearly completed earlier purchase of 20 million shares , would reduce shares outstanding by more than 26 % . | The buy - back , | why are they buying back? | 0 | 5 |
492 | 189 | 1 Norfolk Southern Corp. directors authorized the railroad company to buy back as many as 45 million of its shares, which would have a current value of more than $1.7 billion.
2 The buy-back, coupled with a nearly completed earlier purchase of 20 million shares, would reduce shares outstanding by more than 26%.
3 The Norfolk, Va., company has 172.2 million shares outstanding.
4 In a statement, Arnold B. McKinnon, chairman and chief executive officer, noted that the new repurchase program 'should serve to enhance shareholder value.' A spokeswoman said the company will finance the buy-back with cash on hand, borrowing and 'cash Norfolk expects to generate.'
5 Analysts said they expected the action, and investors applauded the move.
6 In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange, Norfolk Southern shares closed at $37.875, up $1.125.
7 Still, analysts don't expect the buy-back to significantly affect per-share earnings in the short term. 'The impact won't be that great,' said Graeme Lidgerwood of First Boston Corp.
8 That is in part because of the effect of having to average the number of shares outstanding, she said.
9 In addition, Mrs. Lidgerwood said, Norfolk is likely to draw down its cash initially to finance the purchases and thus forfeit some interest income.
10 Longer term, however, the buy-back is expected to increase earnings, especially after 1990, Mrs. Lidgerwood said.
11 Moreover, the extensive program in effect establishes a floor for the stock price, said Joel Price, analyst for Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
12 The buy-back 'is really a comfort to those who want to buy the stock that there is a {price} floor,' he said. 'At a certain price, if the management thinks {the stock} is cheap, they can go in and buy it.'
13 Under the program, Norfolk plans to acquire shares in the open market.
14 Under the earlier plan, Norfolk was authorized in 1987 to buy up to 20 million shares.
15 It has purchased about 19 million of them.
| 2 | The buy - back , coupled with a nearly completed earlier purchase of 20 million shares , would reduce shares outstanding by more than 26 % . | nearly completed | This is vague; does this mean it is in progress and WILL be completed? Or was attempted and did not go through for some reason? | 8 | 10 |
493 | 189 | 1 Norfolk Southern Corp. directors authorized the railroad company to buy back as many as 45 million of its shares, which would have a current value of more than $1.7 billion.
2 The buy-back, coupled with a nearly completed earlier purchase of 20 million shares, would reduce shares outstanding by more than 26%.
3 The Norfolk, Va., company has 172.2 million shares outstanding.
4 In a statement, Arnold B. McKinnon, chairman and chief executive officer, noted that the new repurchase program 'should serve to enhance shareholder value.' A spokeswoman said the company will finance the buy-back with cash on hand, borrowing and 'cash Norfolk expects to generate.'
5 Analysts said they expected the action, and investors applauded the move.
6 In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange, Norfolk Southern shares closed at $37.875, up $1.125.
7 Still, analysts don't expect the buy-back to significantly affect per-share earnings in the short term. 'The impact won't be that great,' said Graeme Lidgerwood of First Boston Corp.
8 That is in part because of the effect of having to average the number of shares outstanding, she said.
9 In addition, Mrs. Lidgerwood said, Norfolk is likely to draw down its cash initially to finance the purchases and thus forfeit some interest income.
10 Longer term, however, the buy-back is expected to increase earnings, especially after 1990, Mrs. Lidgerwood said.
11 Moreover, the extensive program in effect establishes a floor for the stock price, said Joel Price, analyst for Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
12 The buy-back 'is really a comfort to those who want to buy the stock that there is a {price} floor,' he said. 'At a certain price, if the management thinks {the stock} is cheap, they can go in and buy it.'
13 Under the program, Norfolk plans to acquire shares in the open market.
14 Under the earlier plan, Norfolk was authorized in 1987 to buy up to 20 million shares.
15 It has purchased about 19 million of them.
| 2 | The buy - back , coupled with a nearly completed earlier purchase of 20 million shares , would reduce shares outstanding by more than 26 % . | reduce shares outstanding | Will the company convert the purchased shares over to treasury shares for possible use in the future? | 18 | 21 |
494 | 189 | 1 Norfolk Southern Corp. directors authorized the railroad company to buy back as many as 45 million of its shares, which would have a current value of more than $1.7 billion.
2 The buy-back, coupled with a nearly completed earlier purchase of 20 million shares, would reduce shares outstanding by more than 26%.
3 The Norfolk, Va., company has 172.2 million shares outstanding.
4 In a statement, Arnold B. McKinnon, chairman and chief executive officer, noted that the new repurchase program 'should serve to enhance shareholder value.' A spokeswoman said the company will finance the buy-back with cash on hand, borrowing and 'cash Norfolk expects to generate.'
5 Analysts said they expected the action, and investors applauded the move.
6 In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange, Norfolk Southern shares closed at $37.875, up $1.125.
7 Still, analysts don't expect the buy-back to significantly affect per-share earnings in the short term. 'The impact won't be that great,' said Graeme Lidgerwood of First Boston Corp.
8 That is in part because of the effect of having to average the number of shares outstanding, she said.
9 In addition, Mrs. Lidgerwood said, Norfolk is likely to draw down its cash initially to finance the purchases and thus forfeit some interest income.
10 Longer term, however, the buy-back is expected to increase earnings, especially after 1990, Mrs. Lidgerwood said.
11 Moreover, the extensive program in effect establishes a floor for the stock price, said Joel Price, analyst for Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
12 The buy-back 'is really a comfort to those who want to buy the stock that there is a {price} floor,' he said. 'At a certain price, if the management thinks {the stock} is cheap, they can go in and buy it.'
13 Under the program, Norfolk plans to acquire shares in the open market.
14 Under the earlier plan, Norfolk was authorized in 1987 to buy up to 20 million shares.
15 It has purchased about 19 million of them.
| 3 | The Norfolk , Va . , company has 172 . 2 million shares outstanding . | outstanding | What does it mean when shares are outstanding? | 13 | 14 |
495 | 189 | 1 Norfolk Southern Corp. directors authorized the railroad company to buy back as many as 45 million of its shares, which would have a current value of more than $1.7 billion.
2 The buy-back, coupled with a nearly completed earlier purchase of 20 million shares, would reduce shares outstanding by more than 26%.
3 The Norfolk, Va., company has 172.2 million shares outstanding.
4 In a statement, Arnold B. McKinnon, chairman and chief executive officer, noted that the new repurchase program 'should serve to enhance shareholder value.' A spokeswoman said the company will finance the buy-back with cash on hand, borrowing and 'cash Norfolk expects to generate.'
5 Analysts said they expected the action, and investors applauded the move.
6 In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange, Norfolk Southern shares closed at $37.875, up $1.125.
7 Still, analysts don't expect the buy-back to significantly affect per-share earnings in the short term. 'The impact won't be that great,' said Graeme Lidgerwood of First Boston Corp.
8 That is in part because of the effect of having to average the number of shares outstanding, she said.
9 In addition, Mrs. Lidgerwood said, Norfolk is likely to draw down its cash initially to finance the purchases and thus forfeit some interest income.
10 Longer term, however, the buy-back is expected to increase earnings, especially after 1990, Mrs. Lidgerwood said.
11 Moreover, the extensive program in effect establishes a floor for the stock price, said Joel Price, analyst for Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
12 The buy-back 'is really a comfort to those who want to buy the stock that there is a {price} floor,' he said. 'At a certain price, if the management thinks {the stock} is cheap, they can go in and buy it.'
13 Under the program, Norfolk plans to acquire shares in the open market.
14 Under the earlier plan, Norfolk was authorized in 1987 to buy up to 20 million shares.
15 It has purchased about 19 million of them.
| 3 | The Norfolk , Va . , company has 172 . 2 million shares outstanding . | Norfolk , Va . , | how long have they been located there? | 1 | 6 |
496 | 189 | 1 Norfolk Southern Corp. directors authorized the railroad company to buy back as many as 45 million of its shares, which would have a current value of more than $1.7 billion.
2 The buy-back, coupled with a nearly completed earlier purchase of 20 million shares, would reduce shares outstanding by more than 26%.
3 The Norfolk, Va., company has 172.2 million shares outstanding.
4 In a statement, Arnold B. McKinnon, chairman and chief executive officer, noted that the new repurchase program 'should serve to enhance shareholder value.' A spokeswoman said the company will finance the buy-back with cash on hand, borrowing and 'cash Norfolk expects to generate.'
5 Analysts said they expected the action, and investors applauded the move.
6 In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange, Norfolk Southern shares closed at $37.875, up $1.125.
7 Still, analysts don't expect the buy-back to significantly affect per-share earnings in the short term. 'The impact won't be that great,' said Graeme Lidgerwood of First Boston Corp.
8 That is in part because of the effect of having to average the number of shares outstanding, she said.
9 In addition, Mrs. Lidgerwood said, Norfolk is likely to draw down its cash initially to finance the purchases and thus forfeit some interest income.
10 Longer term, however, the buy-back is expected to increase earnings, especially after 1990, Mrs. Lidgerwood said.
11 Moreover, the extensive program in effect establishes a floor for the stock price, said Joel Price, analyst for Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
12 The buy-back 'is really a comfort to those who want to buy the stock that there is a {price} floor,' he said. 'At a certain price, if the management thinks {the stock} is cheap, they can go in and buy it.'
13 Under the program, Norfolk plans to acquire shares in the open market.
14 Under the earlier plan, Norfolk was authorized in 1987 to buy up to 20 million shares.
15 It has purchased about 19 million of them.
| 3 | The Norfolk , Va . , company has 172 . 2 million shares outstanding . | 172 . 2 million shares outstanding | What is the current share price? | 8 | 14 |
497 | 189 | 1 Norfolk Southern Corp. directors authorized the railroad company to buy back as many as 45 million of its shares, which would have a current value of more than $1.7 billion.
2 The buy-back, coupled with a nearly completed earlier purchase of 20 million shares, would reduce shares outstanding by more than 26%.
3 The Norfolk, Va., company has 172.2 million shares outstanding.
4 In a statement, Arnold B. McKinnon, chairman and chief executive officer, noted that the new repurchase program 'should serve to enhance shareholder value.' A spokeswoman said the company will finance the buy-back with cash on hand, borrowing and 'cash Norfolk expects to generate.'
5 Analysts said they expected the action, and investors applauded the move.
6 In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange, Norfolk Southern shares closed at $37.875, up $1.125.
7 Still, analysts don't expect the buy-back to significantly affect per-share earnings in the short term. 'The impact won't be that great,' said Graeme Lidgerwood of First Boston Corp.
8 That is in part because of the effect of having to average the number of shares outstanding, she said.
9 In addition, Mrs. Lidgerwood said, Norfolk is likely to draw down its cash initially to finance the purchases and thus forfeit some interest income.
10 Longer term, however, the buy-back is expected to increase earnings, especially after 1990, Mrs. Lidgerwood said.
11 Moreover, the extensive program in effect establishes a floor for the stock price, said Joel Price, analyst for Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
12 The buy-back 'is really a comfort to those who want to buy the stock that there is a {price} floor,' he said. 'At a certain price, if the management thinks {the stock} is cheap, they can go in and buy it.'
13 Under the program, Norfolk plans to acquire shares in the open market.
14 Under the earlier plan, Norfolk was authorized in 1987 to buy up to 20 million shares.
15 It has purchased about 19 million of them.
| 4 | In a statement , Arnold B . McKinnon , chairman and chief executive officer , noted that the new repurchase program " should serve to enhance shareholder value . " A spokeswoman said the company will finance the buy - back with cash on hand , borrowing and " cash Norfolk expects to generate . " | " cash Norfolk expects to generate . " | how do they expect to generate? | 48 | 56 |
498 | 189 | 1 Norfolk Southern Corp. directors authorized the railroad company to buy back as many as 45 million of its shares, which would have a current value of more than $1.7 billion.
2 The buy-back, coupled with a nearly completed earlier purchase of 20 million shares, would reduce shares outstanding by more than 26%.
3 The Norfolk, Va., company has 172.2 million shares outstanding.
4 In a statement, Arnold B. McKinnon, chairman and chief executive officer, noted that the new repurchase program 'should serve to enhance shareholder value.' A spokeswoman said the company will finance the buy-back with cash on hand, borrowing and 'cash Norfolk expects to generate.'
5 Analysts said they expected the action, and investors applauded the move.
6 In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange, Norfolk Southern shares closed at $37.875, up $1.125.
7 Still, analysts don't expect the buy-back to significantly affect per-share earnings in the short term. 'The impact won't be that great,' said Graeme Lidgerwood of First Boston Corp.
8 That is in part because of the effect of having to average the number of shares outstanding, she said.
9 In addition, Mrs. Lidgerwood said, Norfolk is likely to draw down its cash initially to finance the purchases and thus forfeit some interest income.
10 Longer term, however, the buy-back is expected to increase earnings, especially after 1990, Mrs. Lidgerwood said.
11 Moreover, the extensive program in effect establishes a floor for the stock price, said Joel Price, analyst for Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
12 The buy-back 'is really a comfort to those who want to buy the stock that there is a {price} floor,' he said. 'At a certain price, if the management thinks {the stock} is cheap, they can go in and buy it.'
13 Under the program, Norfolk plans to acquire shares in the open market.
14 Under the earlier plan, Norfolk was authorized in 1987 to buy up to 20 million shares.
15 It has purchased about 19 million of them.
| 4 | In a statement , Arnold B . McKinnon , chairman and chief executive officer , noted that the new repurchase program " should serve to enhance shareholder value . " A spokeswoman said the company will finance the buy - back with cash on hand , borrowing and " cash Norfolk expects to generate . " | expects to generate | was any more information given on how this cash will be generated? | 51 | 54 |
499 | 189 | 1 Norfolk Southern Corp. directors authorized the railroad company to buy back as many as 45 million of its shares, which would have a current value of more than $1.7 billion.
2 The buy-back, coupled with a nearly completed earlier purchase of 20 million shares, would reduce shares outstanding by more than 26%.
3 The Norfolk, Va., company has 172.2 million shares outstanding.
4 In a statement, Arnold B. McKinnon, chairman and chief executive officer, noted that the new repurchase program 'should serve to enhance shareholder value.' A spokeswoman said the company will finance the buy-back with cash on hand, borrowing and 'cash Norfolk expects to generate.'
5 Analysts said they expected the action, and investors applauded the move.
6 In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange, Norfolk Southern shares closed at $37.875, up $1.125.
7 Still, analysts don't expect the buy-back to significantly affect per-share earnings in the short term. 'The impact won't be that great,' said Graeme Lidgerwood of First Boston Corp.
8 That is in part because of the effect of having to average the number of shares outstanding, she said.
9 In addition, Mrs. Lidgerwood said, Norfolk is likely to draw down its cash initially to finance the purchases and thus forfeit some interest income.
10 Longer term, however, the buy-back is expected to increase earnings, especially after 1990, Mrs. Lidgerwood said.
11 Moreover, the extensive program in effect establishes a floor for the stock price, said Joel Price, analyst for Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
12 The buy-back 'is really a comfort to those who want to buy the stock that there is a {price} floor,' he said. 'At a certain price, if the management thinks {the stock} is cheap, they can go in and buy it.'
13 Under the program, Norfolk plans to acquire shares in the open market.
14 Under the earlier plan, Norfolk was authorized in 1987 to buy up to 20 million shares.
15 It has purchased about 19 million of them.
| 4 | In a statement , Arnold B . McKinnon , chairman and chief executive officer , noted that the new repurchase program " should serve to enhance shareholder value . " A spokeswoman said the company will finance the buy - back with cash on hand , borrowing and " cash Norfolk expects to generate . " | borrowing | How much, and from whom? What are the downsides of borrowing in a situation like this? | 46 | 47 |