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600 | 198 | 1 We are deeply disturbed that a recent editorial stated that the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' was 'crafted primarily by Democratic Senators Kennedy and Harkin' with a premise 'based on the presumption that most Americans are hostile to the disabled. . . .' Perhaps even more offensive is the statement, 'It is surprising that George Bush and the White House inner circle would ally themselves with this crabby philosophy.'
2 This legislation was not drafted by a handful of Democratic 'do-gooders.' Quite the contrary -- it results from years of work by members of the National Council on the Handicapped, all appointed by President Reagan.
3 You depict the bill as something Democratic leaders 'hoodwinked' the administration into endorsing.
4 The opposite is true: It's the product of many meetings with administration officials, Senate staffers, advocates, and business and transportation officials.
5 Many congressmen are citing the compromise on the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' as a model for bipartisan deliberations.
6 Most National Council members are themselves disabled or are parents of children with disabilities.
7 We know firsthand the discrimination addressed by the act: to be told there's no place for your child in school; to spend lonely hours at home because there is no transportation for someone in a wheelchair; to be denied employment because you are disabled.
8 Your editorial mockingly entitles this legislation the 'Lawyers' Employment Act.' For the 43 million people with disabilities and their families, this legislation is the 'Emancipation Proclamation.'
9 Sandra Swift Parrino
10 Chairperson
11 National Council on the Handicapped
12 Washington
| 1 | We are deeply disturbed that a recent editorial stated that the " Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989 " was " crafted primarily by Democratic Senators Kennedy and Harkin " with a premise " based on the presumption that most Americans are hostile to the disabled . . . . " Perhaps even more offensive is the statement , " It is surprising that George Bush and the White House inner circle would ally themselves with this crabby philosophy . " | ally themselves | What actions of the Bush White House suggested that they ally themselves with the philosophy? | 73 | 75 |
601 | 198 | 1 We are deeply disturbed that a recent editorial stated that the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' was 'crafted primarily by Democratic Senators Kennedy and Harkin' with a premise 'based on the presumption that most Americans are hostile to the disabled. . . .' Perhaps even more offensive is the statement, 'It is surprising that George Bush and the White House inner circle would ally themselves with this crabby philosophy.'
2 This legislation was not drafted by a handful of Democratic 'do-gooders.' Quite the contrary -- it results from years of work by members of the National Council on the Handicapped, all appointed by President Reagan.
3 You depict the bill as something Democratic leaders 'hoodwinked' the administration into endorsing.
4 The opposite is true: It's the product of many meetings with administration officials, Senate staffers, advocates, and business and transportation officials.
5 Many congressmen are citing the compromise on the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' as a model for bipartisan deliberations.
6 Most National Council members are themselves disabled or are parents of children with disabilities.
7 We know firsthand the discrimination addressed by the act: to be told there's no place for your child in school; to spend lonely hours at home because there is no transportation for someone in a wheelchair; to be denied employment because you are disabled.
8 Your editorial mockingly entitles this legislation the 'Lawyers' Employment Act.' For the 43 million people with disabilities and their families, this legislation is the 'Emancipation Proclamation.'
9 Sandra Swift Parrino
10 Chairperson
11 National Council on the Handicapped
12 Washington
| 1 | We are deeply disturbed that a recent editorial stated that the " Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989 " was " crafted primarily by Democratic Senators Kennedy and Harkin " with a premise " based on the presumption that most Americans are hostile to the disabled . . . . " Perhaps even more offensive is the statement , " It is surprising that George Bush and the White House inner circle would ally themselves with this crabby philosophy . " | We | Who is deeply disturbed? | 0 | 1 |
602 | 198 | 1 We are deeply disturbed that a recent editorial stated that the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' was 'crafted primarily by Democratic Senators Kennedy and Harkin' with a premise 'based on the presumption that most Americans are hostile to the disabled. . . .' Perhaps even more offensive is the statement, 'It is surprising that George Bush and the White House inner circle would ally themselves with this crabby philosophy.'
2 This legislation was not drafted by a handful of Democratic 'do-gooders.' Quite the contrary -- it results from years of work by members of the National Council on the Handicapped, all appointed by President Reagan.
3 You depict the bill as something Democratic leaders 'hoodwinked' the administration into endorsing.
4 The opposite is true: It's the product of many meetings with administration officials, Senate staffers, advocates, and business and transportation officials.
5 Many congressmen are citing the compromise on the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' as a model for bipartisan deliberations.
6 Most National Council members are themselves disabled or are parents of children with disabilities.
7 We know firsthand the discrimination addressed by the act: to be told there's no place for your child in school; to spend lonely hours at home because there is no transportation for someone in a wheelchair; to be denied employment because you are disabled.
8 Your editorial mockingly entitles this legislation the 'Lawyers' Employment Act.' For the 43 million people with disabilities and their families, this legislation is the 'Emancipation Proclamation.'
9 Sandra Swift Parrino
10 Chairperson
11 National Council on the Handicapped
12 Washington
| 2 | This legislation was not drafted by a handful of Democratic " do - gooders . " Quite the contrary - - it results from years of work by members of the National Council on the Handicapped , all appointed by President Reagan . | Democratic " do - gooders | Was the legislation drafted across political party lines? | 9 | 14 |
603 | 198 | 1 We are deeply disturbed that a recent editorial stated that the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' was 'crafted primarily by Democratic Senators Kennedy and Harkin' with a premise 'based on the presumption that most Americans are hostile to the disabled. . . .' Perhaps even more offensive is the statement, 'It is surprising that George Bush and the White House inner circle would ally themselves with this crabby philosophy.'
2 This legislation was not drafted by a handful of Democratic 'do-gooders.' Quite the contrary -- it results from years of work by members of the National Council on the Handicapped, all appointed by President Reagan.
3 You depict the bill as something Democratic leaders 'hoodwinked' the administration into endorsing.
4 The opposite is true: It's the product of many meetings with administration officials, Senate staffers, advocates, and business and transportation officials.
5 Many congressmen are citing the compromise on the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' as a model for bipartisan deliberations.
6 Most National Council members are themselves disabled or are parents of children with disabilities.
7 We know firsthand the discrimination addressed by the act: to be told there's no place for your child in school; to spend lonely hours at home because there is no transportation for someone in a wheelchair; to be denied employment because you are disabled.
8 Your editorial mockingly entitles this legislation the 'Lawyers' Employment Act.' For the 43 million people with disabilities and their families, this legislation is the 'Emancipation Proclamation.'
9 Sandra Swift Parrino
10 Chairperson
11 National Council on the Handicapped
12 Washington
| 2 | This legislation was not drafted by a handful of Democratic " do - gooders . " Quite the contrary - - it results from years of work by members of the National Council on the Handicapped , all appointed by President Reagan . | President Reagan | When did President Reagan appoint the members of the National Council? How many years did they work on the legislation? | 40 | 42 |
604 | 198 | 1 We are deeply disturbed that a recent editorial stated that the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' was 'crafted primarily by Democratic Senators Kennedy and Harkin' with a premise 'based on the presumption that most Americans are hostile to the disabled. . . .' Perhaps even more offensive is the statement, 'It is surprising that George Bush and the White House inner circle would ally themselves with this crabby philosophy.'
2 This legislation was not drafted by a handful of Democratic 'do-gooders.' Quite the contrary -- it results from years of work by members of the National Council on the Handicapped, all appointed by President Reagan.
3 You depict the bill as something Democratic leaders 'hoodwinked' the administration into endorsing.
4 The opposite is true: It's the product of many meetings with administration officials, Senate staffers, advocates, and business and transportation officials.
5 Many congressmen are citing the compromise on the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' as a model for bipartisan deliberations.
6 Most National Council members are themselves disabled or are parents of children with disabilities.
7 We know firsthand the discrimination addressed by the act: to be told there's no place for your child in school; to spend lonely hours at home because there is no transportation for someone in a wheelchair; to be denied employment because you are disabled.
8 Your editorial mockingly entitles this legislation the 'Lawyers' Employment Act.' For the 43 million people with disabilities and their families, this legislation is the 'Emancipation Proclamation.'
9 Sandra Swift Parrino
10 Chairperson
11 National Council on the Handicapped
12 Washington
| 2 | This legislation was not drafted by a handful of Democratic " do - gooders . " Quite the contrary - - it results from years of work by members of the National Council on the Handicapped , all appointed by President Reagan . | " do - gooders | what are dogooders? | 10 | 14 |
605 | 198 | 1 We are deeply disturbed that a recent editorial stated that the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' was 'crafted primarily by Democratic Senators Kennedy and Harkin' with a premise 'based on the presumption that most Americans are hostile to the disabled. . . .' Perhaps even more offensive is the statement, 'It is surprising that George Bush and the White House inner circle would ally themselves with this crabby philosophy.'
2 This legislation was not drafted by a handful of Democratic 'do-gooders.' Quite the contrary -- it results from years of work by members of the National Council on the Handicapped, all appointed by President Reagan.
3 You depict the bill as something Democratic leaders 'hoodwinked' the administration into endorsing.
4 The opposite is true: It's the product of many meetings with administration officials, Senate staffers, advocates, and business and transportation officials.
5 Many congressmen are citing the compromise on the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' as a model for bipartisan deliberations.
6 Most National Council members are themselves disabled or are parents of children with disabilities.
7 We know firsthand the discrimination addressed by the act: to be told there's no place for your child in school; to spend lonely hours at home because there is no transportation for someone in a wheelchair; to be denied employment because you are disabled.
8 Your editorial mockingly entitles this legislation the 'Lawyers' Employment Act.' For the 43 million people with disabilities and their families, this legislation is the 'Emancipation Proclamation.'
9 Sandra Swift Parrino
10 Chairperson
11 National Council on the Handicapped
12 Washington
| 3 | You depict the bill as something Democratic leaders " hoodwinked " the administration into endorsing . | depict the bill | How did the editorial misrepresent the bill? | 1 | 4 |
606 | 198 | 1 We are deeply disturbed that a recent editorial stated that the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' was 'crafted primarily by Democratic Senators Kennedy and Harkin' with a premise 'based on the presumption that most Americans are hostile to the disabled. . . .' Perhaps even more offensive is the statement, 'It is surprising that George Bush and the White House inner circle would ally themselves with this crabby philosophy.'
2 This legislation was not drafted by a handful of Democratic 'do-gooders.' Quite the contrary -- it results from years of work by members of the National Council on the Handicapped, all appointed by President Reagan.
3 You depict the bill as something Democratic leaders 'hoodwinked' the administration into endorsing.
4 The opposite is true: It's the product of many meetings with administration officials, Senate staffers, advocates, and business and transportation officials.
5 Many congressmen are citing the compromise on the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' as a model for bipartisan deliberations.
6 Most National Council members are themselves disabled or are parents of children with disabilities.
7 We know firsthand the discrimination addressed by the act: to be told there's no place for your child in school; to spend lonely hours at home because there is no transportation for someone in a wheelchair; to be denied employment because you are disabled.
8 Your editorial mockingly entitles this legislation the 'Lawyers' Employment Act.' For the 43 million people with disabilities and their families, this legislation is the 'Emancipation Proclamation.'
9 Sandra Swift Parrino
10 Chairperson
11 National Council on the Handicapped
12 Washington
| 3 | You depict the bill as something Democratic leaders " hoodwinked " the administration into endorsing . | You | who is you? | 0 | 1 |
607 | 198 | 1 We are deeply disturbed that a recent editorial stated that the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' was 'crafted primarily by Democratic Senators Kennedy and Harkin' with a premise 'based on the presumption that most Americans are hostile to the disabled. . . .' Perhaps even more offensive is the statement, 'It is surprising that George Bush and the White House inner circle would ally themselves with this crabby philosophy.'
2 This legislation was not drafted by a handful of Democratic 'do-gooders.' Quite the contrary -- it results from years of work by members of the National Council on the Handicapped, all appointed by President Reagan.
3 You depict the bill as something Democratic leaders 'hoodwinked' the administration into endorsing.
4 The opposite is true: It's the product of many meetings with administration officials, Senate staffers, advocates, and business and transportation officials.
5 Many congressmen are citing the compromise on the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' as a model for bipartisan deliberations.
6 Most National Council members are themselves disabled or are parents of children with disabilities.
7 We know firsthand the discrimination addressed by the act: to be told there's no place for your child in school; to spend lonely hours at home because there is no transportation for someone in a wheelchair; to be denied employment because you are disabled.
8 Your editorial mockingly entitles this legislation the 'Lawyers' Employment Act.' For the 43 million people with disabilities and their families, this legislation is the 'Emancipation Proclamation.'
9 Sandra Swift Parrino
10 Chairperson
11 National Council on the Handicapped
12 Washington
| 4 | The opposite is true : It ' s the product of many meetings with administration officials , Senate staffers , advocates , and business and transportation officials . | product | who can say this for sure? | 9 | 10 |
608 | 198 | 1 We are deeply disturbed that a recent editorial stated that the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' was 'crafted primarily by Democratic Senators Kennedy and Harkin' with a premise 'based on the presumption that most Americans are hostile to the disabled. . . .' Perhaps even more offensive is the statement, 'It is surprising that George Bush and the White House inner circle would ally themselves with this crabby philosophy.'
2 This legislation was not drafted by a handful of Democratic 'do-gooders.' Quite the contrary -- it results from years of work by members of the National Council on the Handicapped, all appointed by President Reagan.
3 You depict the bill as something Democratic leaders 'hoodwinked' the administration into endorsing.
4 The opposite is true: It's the product of many meetings with administration officials, Senate staffers, advocates, and business and transportation officials.
5 Many congressmen are citing the compromise on the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' as a model for bipartisan deliberations.
6 Most National Council members are themselves disabled or are parents of children with disabilities.
7 We know firsthand the discrimination addressed by the act: to be told there's no place for your child in school; to spend lonely hours at home because there is no transportation for someone in a wheelchair; to be denied employment because you are disabled.
8 Your editorial mockingly entitles this legislation the 'Lawyers' Employment Act.' For the 43 million people with disabilities and their families, this legislation is the 'Emancipation Proclamation.'
9 Sandra Swift Parrino
10 Chairperson
11 National Council on the Handicapped
12 Washington
| 4 | The opposite is true : It ' s the product of many meetings with administration officials , Senate staffers , advocates , and business and transportation officials . | meetings | Who was having these meetings? | 12 | 13 |
609 | 198 | 1 We are deeply disturbed that a recent editorial stated that the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' was 'crafted primarily by Democratic Senators Kennedy and Harkin' with a premise 'based on the presumption that most Americans are hostile to the disabled. . . .' Perhaps even more offensive is the statement, 'It is surprising that George Bush and the White House inner circle would ally themselves with this crabby philosophy.'
2 This legislation was not drafted by a handful of Democratic 'do-gooders.' Quite the contrary -- it results from years of work by members of the National Council on the Handicapped, all appointed by President Reagan.
3 You depict the bill as something Democratic leaders 'hoodwinked' the administration into endorsing.
4 The opposite is true: It's the product of many meetings with administration officials, Senate staffers, advocates, and business and transportation officials.
5 Many congressmen are citing the compromise on the 'Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989' as a model for bipartisan deliberations.
6 Most National Council members are themselves disabled or are parents of children with disabilities.
7 We know firsthand the discrimination addressed by the act: to be told there's no place for your child in school; to spend lonely hours at home because there is no transportation for someone in a wheelchair; to be denied employment because you are disabled.
8 Your editorial mockingly entitles this legislation the 'Lawyers' Employment Act.' For the 43 million people with disabilities and their families, this legislation is the 'Emancipation Proclamation.'
9 Sandra Swift Parrino
10 Chairperson
11 National Council on the Handicapped
12 Washington
| 5 | Many congressmen are citing the compromise on the " Americans With Disabilities Act of 1989 " as a model for bipartisan deliberations . | Many congressmen | Which congressmen in particular are making the citation? | 0 | 2 |
610 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 1 | Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled , many currency analysts say a massive sell - off probably won ' t occur in the near future . | probably won ' t occur in the near future | Why won't it occur in the near future? | 16 | 25 |
611 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 1 | Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled , many currency analysts say a massive sell - off probably won ' t occur in the near future . | many currency analysts | Who are the currency analysts? | 7 | 10 |
612 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 1 | Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled , many currency analysts say a massive sell - off probably won ' t occur in the near future . | sentiment has fizzled , | Why has the sentiment fizzled? | 3 | 7 |
613 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 1 | Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled , many currency analysts say a massive sell - off probably won ' t occur in the near future . | massive sell - off | Why would a sell-off be expected? | 12 | 16 |
614 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 1 | Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled , many currency analysts say a massive sell - off probably won ' t occur in the near future . | bullish dollar sentiment | what does this mean? | 1 | 4 |
615 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 1 | Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled , many currency analysts say a massive sell - off probably won ' t occur in the near future . | has fizzled , | Why has dollar sentiment fizzled? | 4 | 7 |
616 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 1 | Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled , many currency analysts say a massive sell - off probably won ' t occur in the near future . | probably won ' t occur | Why won't this event occur? | 16 | 21 |
617 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 2 | While Wall Street ' s tough times and lower U . S . interest rates continue to undermine the dollar , weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors . " By default , " the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days , says Francoise Soares - Kemp , a foreign - exchange adviser at Credit Suisse . " We ' re close to the bottom " of the near - term ranges , she contends . | " We ' re close to the bottom " | How close to the bottom are you? | 70 | 79 |
618 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 2 | While Wall Street ' s tough times and lower U . S . interest rates continue to undermine the dollar , weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors . " By default , " the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days , says Francoise Soares - Kemp , a foreign - exchange adviser at Credit Suisse . " We ' re close to the bottom " of the near - term ranges , she contends . | continue to undermine the dollar , | How do these things affect the value of the dollar? | 15 | 21 |
619 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 2 | While Wall Street ' s tough times and lower U . S . interest rates continue to undermine the dollar , weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors . " By default , " the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days , says Francoise Soares - Kemp , a foreign - exchange adviser at Credit Suisse . " We ' re close to the bottom " of the near - term ranges , she contends . | " We ' re close to the bottom " | How was this conclusion reached? | 70 | 79 |
620 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 2 | While Wall Street ' s tough times and lower U . S . interest rates continue to undermine the dollar , weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors . " By default , " the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days , says Francoise Soares - Kemp , a foreign - exchange adviser at Credit Suisse . " We ' re close to the bottom " of the near - term ranges , she contends . | Credit Suisse | is this a bank? | 67 | 69 |
621 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 2 | While Wall Street ' s tough times and lower U . S . interest rates continue to undermine the dollar , weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors . " By default , " the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days , says Francoise Soares - Kemp , a foreign - exchange adviser at Credit Suisse . " We ' re close to the bottom " of the near - term ranges , she contends . | tough times | What tough times particularly? | 5 | 7 |
622 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 2 | While Wall Street ' s tough times and lower U . S . interest rates continue to undermine the dollar , weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors . " By default , " the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days , says Francoise Soares - Kemp , a foreign - exchange adviser at Credit Suisse . " We ' re close to the bottom " of the near - term ranges , she contends . | weakness in the pound | what causes a weakness in the pound? | 21 | 25 |
623 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 2 | While Wall Street ' s tough times and lower U . S . interest rates continue to undermine the dollar , weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors . " By default , " the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days , says Francoise Soares - Kemp , a foreign - exchange adviser at Credit Suisse . " We ' re close to the bottom " of the near - term ranges , she contends . | in coming days , | How many days? | 51 | 55 |
624 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 3 | In late Friday afternoon New York trading , the dollar was at 1 . 8300 marks and 141 . 65 yen , off from late Thursday ' s 1 . 8400 marks and 142 . 10 yen . | 142 . 10 | is this a small change? | 33 | 36 |
625 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 3 | In late Friday afternoon New York trading , the dollar was at 1 . 8300 marks and 141 . 65 yen , off from late Thursday ' s 1 . 8400 marks and 142 . 10 yen . | off | Why was it off? | 22 | 23 |
626 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 4 | The pound strengthened to $ 1 . 5795 from $ 1 . 5765 . | $ 1 . 5795 from $ 1 | why did it do that? | 4 | 11 |
627 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 4 | The pound strengthened to $ 1 . 5795 from $ 1 . 5765 . | strengthened | Why did it strengthen? | 2 | 3 |
628 | 199 | 1 Although bullish dollar sentiment has fizzled, many currency analysts say a massive sell-off probably won't occur in the near future.
2 While Wall Street's tough times and lower U.S. interest rates continue to undermine the dollar, weakness in the pound and the yen is expected to offset those factors. 'By default,' the dollar probably will be able to hold up pretty well in coming days, says Francoise Soares-Kemp, a foreign-exchange adviser at Credit Suisse. 'We're close to the bottom' of the near-term ranges, she contends.
3 In late Friday afternoon New York trading, the dollar was at 1.8300 marks and 141.65 yen, off from late Thursday's 1.8400 marks and 142.10 yen.
4 The pound strengthened to $1.5795 from $1.5765.
5 In Tokyo Monday, the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.70 yen, down from Friday's Tokyo close of 142.75 yen.
6 The dollar began Friday on a firm note, gaining against all major currencies in Tokyo dealings and early European trading despite reports that the Bank of Japan was seen unloading dollars around 142.70 yen.
7 The rise came as traders continued to dump the pound after the sudden resignation Thursday of British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson.
8 But once the pound steadied with help from purchases by the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the dollar was dragged down, traders say, by the stock-market slump that left the Dow Jones Industrial Average with a loss of 17.01 points.
9 With the stock market wobbly and dollar buyers discouraged by signs of U.S. economic weakness and the recent decline in U.S. interest rates that has diminished the attractiveness of dollar-denominated investments, traders say the dollar is still in a precarious position. 'They'll be looking at levels to sell the dollar,' says James Scalfaro, a foreign-exchange marketing representative at Bank of Montreal.
10 While some analysts say the dollar eventually could test support at 1.75 marks and 135 yen, Mr. Scalfaro and others don't see the currency decisively sliding under support at 1.80 marks and 140 yen soon.
11 Predictions for limited dollar losses are based largely on the pound's weak state after Mr. Lawson's resignation and the yen's inability to strengthen substantially when there are dollar retreats.
12 With the pound and the yen lagging behind other major currencies, 'you don't have a confirmation' that a sharp dollar downturn is in the works, says Mike Malpede, senior currency analyst at Refco Inc. in Chicago.
13 As far as the pound goes, some traders say a slide toward support at $1.5500 may be a favorable development for the dollar this week.
14 While the pound has attempted to stabilize, currency analysts say it is in critical condition.
15 Sterling plunged about four cents Thursday and hit the week's low of $1.5765 when Mr. Lawson resigned from his six-year post because of a policy squabble with other cabinet members.
16 He was succeeded by John Major, who Friday expressed a desire for a firm pound and supported the relatively high British interest rates that he said 'are working exactly as intended' in reducing inflation.
17 But the market remains uneasy about Mr. Major's policy strategy and the prospects for the pound, currency analysts contend.
18 Although the Bank of England's tight monetary policy has fueled worries that Britain's slowing economy is headed for a recession, it is widely believed that Mr. Lawson's willingness to prop up the pound with interest-rate increases helped stem pound selling in recent weeks.
19 If there are any signs that Mr. Major will be less inclined to use interest-rate boosts to rescue the pound from another plunge, that currency is expected to fall sharply.
20 'It's fair to say there are more risks for the pound under Major than there were under Lawson,' says Malcolm Roberts, a director of international bond market research at Salomon Brothers in London.
21 'There's very little upside to sterling,' Mr. Roberts says, but he adds that near-term losses may be small because the selling wave that followed Mr. Major's appointment apparently has run its course.
22 But some other analysts have a stormier forecast for the pound, particularly because Britain's inflation is hovering at a relatively lofty annual rate of about 7.6% and the nation is burdened with a struggling government and large current account and trade deficits.
23 The pound likely will fall in coming days and may trade as low as 2.60 marks within the next year, says Nigel Rendell, an international economist at James Capel & Co. in London.
24 The pound was at 2.8896 marks late Friday, off sharply from 2.9511 in New York trading a week earlier.
25 If the pound falls closer to 2.80 marks, the Bank of England may raise Britain's base lending rate by one percentage point to 16%, says Mr. Rendell.
26 But such an increase, he says, could be viewed by the market as 'too little too late.' The Bank of England indicated its desire to leave its monetary policy unchanged Friday by declining to raise the official 15% discount-borrowing rate that it charges discount houses, analysts say.
27 Pound concerns aside, the lack of strong buying interest in the yen is another boon for the dollar, many traders say.
28 The dollar has a 'natural base of support' around 140 yen because the Japanese currency hasn't been purchased heavily in recent weeks, says Ms. Soares-Kemp of Credit Suisse.
29 The yen's softness, she says, apparently stems from Japanese investors' interest in buying dollars against the yen to purchase U.S. bond issues and persistent worries about this year's upheaval in the Japanese government.
30 On New York's Commodity Exchange Friday, gold for current delivery jumped $5.80, to $378.30 an ounce, the highest settlement since July 12.
31 Estimated volume was a heavy seven million ounces.
32 In early trading in Hong Kong Monday, gold was quoted at $378.87 an ounce.
| 5 | In Tokyo Monday , the U . S . currency opened for trading at 141 . 70 yen , down from Friday ' s Tokyo close of 142 . 75 yen . | down from Friday ' s | Why was it down from Friday? | 19 | 24 |
629 | 200 | 1 Federal drug regulators, concerned over British reports that diabetics have died after shifting from animal to human-based insulin, say they are considering a study to see if similar deaths have occurred here.
2 The United Kingdom reports came from Dr. Patrick Toseland, head of clinical chemistry at Guy's Hospital in London.
3 In a telephone interview Friday, Dr. Toseland said the number of sudden, unexplained deaths of diabetics he had seen this year was 17 compared with just two in 1985.
4 At least six of the deaths occurred among relatively young diabetics who had switched from animal to human insulin within the past year, he said.
5 Dr. Solomon Sobel, director of metabolism and endrocrine drug products for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, said FDA officials have discussed Dr. Toseland's findings 'fairly intensively.' While there have been no reports of similar sudden unexplained deaths among diabetics in the U.S., Dr. Sobel said the FDA plans to examine Dr. Toseland's evidence and is considering its own study here.
6 Dr. Toseland, a toxicologist, said he was preparing an article for a British forensic medical journal raising the possibility that the deaths may have occurred after human insulin blunted critical warning signs indicating hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which can kill diabetics.
7 The usual warning signs of hypoglycemia include sweating, anxiety and cramps.
8 With proper warning, diabetics can easily raise their blood sugar to safe levels by eating sugar or sugary food. 'The anecdotal data certainly shows that some of the people were not aware of the rapid onset of hypoglycemia,' Dr. Toseland said.
9 At the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Dr. Robert E. Silverman, chief of the diabetes program branch, said no evidence of unexpected deaths from hypoglycemia had shown up in a study of 1,500 diabetics that has been under way at NIH for five years.
10 However, he said officials conducting the study hadn't been looking for signs of problems related to hypoglycemia unawareness. 'We are now monitoring for it much more closely,' he said.
11 'We do know there are slight differences in the way human and animal insulins drive down blood sugar,' Dr. Sobel said.
12 The human-based drug starts the blood sugar dropping sooner and drives it down faster, he said. 'But we don't believe there is enough of a difference to be clinically significant,' Dr. Sobel said.
13 Reports of Dr. Toseland's findings in the British press have triggered widespread concern among diabetics there.
14 Both the British Diabetic Association and the Committee on Safety in Medicines -- Britain's equivalent of the U.S. FDA -- recently issued statements noting the lack of hard scientific evidence to support Dr. Toseland's findings.
15 On Friday, the American Diabetes Association issued a similar statement urging the six million U.S. diabetics not to overreact to the British report.
16 'A loss of the warning symptoms of hypoglycemia is a complex problem that is very unlikely to be due simply to the type of insulin used,' the American association said.
17 The FDA already requires drug manufacturers to include warnings with insulin products that symptoms of hypoglycemia are less pronounced with human insulin than with animal-based products.
18 Eli Lilly & Co., the Indianapolis-based drug manufacturer, dominates the U.S. human insulin market with its product known as Humulin.
19 Lilly is building plants to make the insulin in Indianapolis and Fagershein, France.
20 In its latest annual report, Lilly said Humulin sales have shown 'excellent growth.'
21 Lilly officials said they had seen reports of hypoglycemic unawareness among some patients making the shift from animal to human insulin, but didn't know if the problem had caused any deaths.
22 Dr. Leigh Thompson, a Lilly group vice president, said the company's clinical trials of both its animal and human-based insulins indicated no difference in the level of hypoglycemia between users of either product.
23 Dr. Toseland said most of the British diabetics who died had been taking a human-based insulin made by Novo/Nordisk, a Danish manufacturer.
24 None of the diabetics were using Lilly's insulin.
| 1 | Federal drug regulators , concerned over British reports that diabetics have died after shifting from animal to human - based insulin , say they are considering a study to see if similar deaths have occurred here . | animal to human - based insulin , | What is the difference between and animal and human based insulin? | 15 | 22 |
630 | 200 | 1 Federal drug regulators, concerned over British reports that diabetics have died after shifting from animal to human-based insulin, say they are considering a study to see if similar deaths have occurred here.
2 The United Kingdom reports came from Dr. Patrick Toseland, head of clinical chemistry at Guy's Hospital in London.
3 In a telephone interview Friday, Dr. Toseland said the number of sudden, unexplained deaths of diabetics he had seen this year was 17 compared with just two in 1985.
4 At least six of the deaths occurred among relatively young diabetics who had switched from animal to human insulin within the past year, he said.
5 Dr. Solomon Sobel, director of metabolism and endrocrine drug products for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, said FDA officials have discussed Dr. Toseland's findings 'fairly intensively.' While there have been no reports of similar sudden unexplained deaths among diabetics in the U.S., Dr. Sobel said the FDA plans to examine Dr. Toseland's evidence and is considering its own study here.
6 Dr. Toseland, a toxicologist, said he was preparing an article for a British forensic medical journal raising the possibility that the deaths may have occurred after human insulin blunted critical warning signs indicating hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which can kill diabetics.
7 The usual warning signs of hypoglycemia include sweating, anxiety and cramps.
8 With proper warning, diabetics can easily raise their blood sugar to safe levels by eating sugar or sugary food. 'The anecdotal data certainly shows that some of the people were not aware of the rapid onset of hypoglycemia,' Dr. Toseland said.
9 At the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Dr. Robert E. Silverman, chief of the diabetes program branch, said no evidence of unexpected deaths from hypoglycemia had shown up in a study of 1,500 diabetics that has been under way at NIH for five years.
10 However, he said officials conducting the study hadn't been looking for signs of problems related to hypoglycemia unawareness. 'We are now monitoring for it much more closely,' he said.
11 'We do know there are slight differences in the way human and animal insulins drive down blood sugar,' Dr. Sobel said.
12 The human-based drug starts the blood sugar dropping sooner and drives it down faster, he said. 'But we don't believe there is enough of a difference to be clinically significant,' Dr. Sobel said.
13 Reports of Dr. Toseland's findings in the British press have triggered widespread concern among diabetics there.
14 Both the British Diabetic Association and the Committee on Safety in Medicines -- Britain's equivalent of the U.S. FDA -- recently issued statements noting the lack of hard scientific evidence to support Dr. Toseland's findings.
15 On Friday, the American Diabetes Association issued a similar statement urging the six million U.S. diabetics not to overreact to the British report.
16 'A loss of the warning symptoms of hypoglycemia is a complex problem that is very unlikely to be due simply to the type of insulin used,' the American association said.
17 The FDA already requires drug manufacturers to include warnings with insulin products that symptoms of hypoglycemia are less pronounced with human insulin than with animal-based products.
18 Eli Lilly & Co., the Indianapolis-based drug manufacturer, dominates the U.S. human insulin market with its product known as Humulin.
19 Lilly is building plants to make the insulin in Indianapolis and Fagershein, France.
20 In its latest annual report, Lilly said Humulin sales have shown 'excellent growth.'
21 Lilly officials said they had seen reports of hypoglycemic unawareness among some patients making the shift from animal to human insulin, but didn't know if the problem had caused any deaths.
22 Dr. Leigh Thompson, a Lilly group vice president, said the company's clinical trials of both its animal and human-based insulins indicated no difference in the level of hypoglycemia between users of either product.
23 Dr. Toseland said most of the British diabetics who died had been taking a human-based insulin made by Novo/Nordisk, a Danish manufacturer.
24 None of the diabetics were using Lilly's insulin.
| 1 | Federal drug regulators , concerned over British reports that diabetics have died after shifting from animal to human - based insulin , say they are considering a study to see if similar deaths have occurred here . | a study | What kind of study would this be? | 26 | 28 |
631 | 200 | 1 Federal drug regulators, concerned over British reports that diabetics have died after shifting from animal to human-based insulin, say they are considering a study to see if similar deaths have occurred here.
2 The United Kingdom reports came from Dr. Patrick Toseland, head of clinical chemistry at Guy's Hospital in London.
3 In a telephone interview Friday, Dr. Toseland said the number of sudden, unexplained deaths of diabetics he had seen this year was 17 compared with just two in 1985.
4 At least six of the deaths occurred among relatively young diabetics who had switched from animal to human insulin within the past year, he said.
5 Dr. Solomon Sobel, director of metabolism and endrocrine drug products for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, said FDA officials have discussed Dr. Toseland's findings 'fairly intensively.' While there have been no reports of similar sudden unexplained deaths among diabetics in the U.S., Dr. Sobel said the FDA plans to examine Dr. Toseland's evidence and is considering its own study here.
6 Dr. Toseland, a toxicologist, said he was preparing an article for a British forensic medical journal raising the possibility that the deaths may have occurred after human insulin blunted critical warning signs indicating hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which can kill diabetics.
7 The usual warning signs of hypoglycemia include sweating, anxiety and cramps.
8 With proper warning, diabetics can easily raise their blood sugar to safe levels by eating sugar or sugary food. 'The anecdotal data certainly shows that some of the people were not aware of the rapid onset of hypoglycemia,' Dr. Toseland said.
9 At the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Dr. Robert E. Silverman, chief of the diabetes program branch, said no evidence of unexpected deaths from hypoglycemia had shown up in a study of 1,500 diabetics that has been under way at NIH for five years.
10 However, he said officials conducting the study hadn't been looking for signs of problems related to hypoglycemia unawareness. 'We are now monitoring for it much more closely,' he said.
11 'We do know there are slight differences in the way human and animal insulins drive down blood sugar,' Dr. Sobel said.
12 The human-based drug starts the blood sugar dropping sooner and drives it down faster, he said. 'But we don't believe there is enough of a difference to be clinically significant,' Dr. Sobel said.
13 Reports of Dr. Toseland's findings in the British press have triggered widespread concern among diabetics there.
14 Both the British Diabetic Association and the Committee on Safety in Medicines -- Britain's equivalent of the U.S. FDA -- recently issued statements noting the lack of hard scientific evidence to support Dr. Toseland's findings.
15 On Friday, the American Diabetes Association issued a similar statement urging the six million U.S. diabetics not to overreact to the British report.
16 'A loss of the warning symptoms of hypoglycemia is a complex problem that is very unlikely to be due simply to the type of insulin used,' the American association said.
17 The FDA already requires drug manufacturers to include warnings with insulin products that symptoms of hypoglycemia are less pronounced with human insulin than with animal-based products.
18 Eli Lilly & Co., the Indianapolis-based drug manufacturer, dominates the U.S. human insulin market with its product known as Humulin.
19 Lilly is building plants to make the insulin in Indianapolis and Fagershein, France.
20 In its latest annual report, Lilly said Humulin sales have shown 'excellent growth.'
21 Lilly officials said they had seen reports of hypoglycemic unawareness among some patients making the shift from animal to human insulin, but didn't know if the problem had caused any deaths.
22 Dr. Leigh Thompson, a Lilly group vice president, said the company's clinical trials of both its animal and human-based insulins indicated no difference in the level of hypoglycemia between users of either product.
23 Dr. Toseland said most of the British diabetics who died had been taking a human-based insulin made by Novo/Nordisk, a Danish manufacturer.
24 None of the diabetics were using Lilly's insulin.
| 2 | The United Kingdom reports came from Dr . Patrick Toseland , head of clinical chemistry at Guy ' s Hospital in London . | clinical chemistry | What is clinical chemistry? | 13 | 15 |
632 | 200 | 1 Federal drug regulators, concerned over British reports that diabetics have died after shifting from animal to human-based insulin, say they are considering a study to see if similar deaths have occurred here.
2 The United Kingdom reports came from Dr. Patrick Toseland, head of clinical chemistry at Guy's Hospital in London.
3 In a telephone interview Friday, Dr. Toseland said the number of sudden, unexplained deaths of diabetics he had seen this year was 17 compared with just two in 1985.
4 At least six of the deaths occurred among relatively young diabetics who had switched from animal to human insulin within the past year, he said.
5 Dr. Solomon Sobel, director of metabolism and endrocrine drug products for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, said FDA officials have discussed Dr. Toseland's findings 'fairly intensively.' While there have been no reports of similar sudden unexplained deaths among diabetics in the U.S., Dr. Sobel said the FDA plans to examine Dr. Toseland's evidence and is considering its own study here.
6 Dr. Toseland, a toxicologist, said he was preparing an article for a British forensic medical journal raising the possibility that the deaths may have occurred after human insulin blunted critical warning signs indicating hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which can kill diabetics.
7 The usual warning signs of hypoglycemia include sweating, anxiety and cramps.
8 With proper warning, diabetics can easily raise their blood sugar to safe levels by eating sugar or sugary food. 'The anecdotal data certainly shows that some of the people were not aware of the rapid onset of hypoglycemia,' Dr. Toseland said.
9 At the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Dr. Robert E. Silverman, chief of the diabetes program branch, said no evidence of unexpected deaths from hypoglycemia had shown up in a study of 1,500 diabetics that has been under way at NIH for five years.
10 However, he said officials conducting the study hadn't been looking for signs of problems related to hypoglycemia unawareness. 'We are now monitoring for it much more closely,' he said.
11 'We do know there are slight differences in the way human and animal insulins drive down blood sugar,' Dr. Sobel said.
12 The human-based drug starts the blood sugar dropping sooner and drives it down faster, he said. 'But we don't believe there is enough of a difference to be clinically significant,' Dr. Sobel said.
13 Reports of Dr. Toseland's findings in the British press have triggered widespread concern among diabetics there.
14 Both the British Diabetic Association and the Committee on Safety in Medicines -- Britain's equivalent of the U.S. FDA -- recently issued statements noting the lack of hard scientific evidence to support Dr. Toseland's findings.
15 On Friday, the American Diabetes Association issued a similar statement urging the six million U.S. diabetics not to overreact to the British report.
16 'A loss of the warning symptoms of hypoglycemia is a complex problem that is very unlikely to be due simply to the type of insulin used,' the American association said.
17 The FDA already requires drug manufacturers to include warnings with insulin products that symptoms of hypoglycemia are less pronounced with human insulin than with animal-based products.
18 Eli Lilly & Co., the Indianapolis-based drug manufacturer, dominates the U.S. human insulin market with its product known as Humulin.
19 Lilly is building plants to make the insulin in Indianapolis and Fagershein, France.
20 In its latest annual report, Lilly said Humulin sales have shown 'excellent growth.'
21 Lilly officials said they had seen reports of hypoglycemic unawareness among some patients making the shift from animal to human insulin, but didn't know if the problem had caused any deaths.
22 Dr. Leigh Thompson, a Lilly group vice president, said the company's clinical trials of both its animal and human-based insulins indicated no difference in the level of hypoglycemia between users of either product.
23 Dr. Toseland said most of the British diabetics who died had been taking a human-based insulin made by Novo/Nordisk, a Danish manufacturer.
24 None of the diabetics were using Lilly's insulin.
| 2 | The United Kingdom reports came from Dr . Patrick Toseland , head of clinical chemistry at Guy ' s Hospital in London . | Guy ' s Hospital in London | What kind of hospital is it? Does it have any specialties? | 16 | 22 |
633 | 200 | 1 Federal drug regulators, concerned over British reports that diabetics have died after shifting from animal to human-based insulin, say they are considering a study to see if similar deaths have occurred here.
2 The United Kingdom reports came from Dr. Patrick Toseland, head of clinical chemistry at Guy's Hospital in London.
3 In a telephone interview Friday, Dr. Toseland said the number of sudden, unexplained deaths of diabetics he had seen this year was 17 compared with just two in 1985.
4 At least six of the deaths occurred among relatively young diabetics who had switched from animal to human insulin within the past year, he said.
5 Dr. Solomon Sobel, director of metabolism and endrocrine drug products for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, said FDA officials have discussed Dr. Toseland's findings 'fairly intensively.' While there have been no reports of similar sudden unexplained deaths among diabetics in the U.S., Dr. Sobel said the FDA plans to examine Dr. Toseland's evidence and is considering its own study here.
6 Dr. Toseland, a toxicologist, said he was preparing an article for a British forensic medical journal raising the possibility that the deaths may have occurred after human insulin blunted critical warning signs indicating hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which can kill diabetics.
7 The usual warning signs of hypoglycemia include sweating, anxiety and cramps.
8 With proper warning, diabetics can easily raise their blood sugar to safe levels by eating sugar or sugary food. 'The anecdotal data certainly shows that some of the people were not aware of the rapid onset of hypoglycemia,' Dr. Toseland said.
9 At the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Dr. Robert E. Silverman, chief of the diabetes program branch, said no evidence of unexpected deaths from hypoglycemia had shown up in a study of 1,500 diabetics that has been under way at NIH for five years.
10 However, he said officials conducting the study hadn't been looking for signs of problems related to hypoglycemia unawareness. 'We are now monitoring for it much more closely,' he said.
11 'We do know there are slight differences in the way human and animal insulins drive down blood sugar,' Dr. Sobel said.
12 The human-based drug starts the blood sugar dropping sooner and drives it down faster, he said. 'But we don't believe there is enough of a difference to be clinically significant,' Dr. Sobel said.
13 Reports of Dr. Toseland's findings in the British press have triggered widespread concern among diabetics there.
14 Both the British Diabetic Association and the Committee on Safety in Medicines -- Britain's equivalent of the U.S. FDA -- recently issued statements noting the lack of hard scientific evidence to support Dr. Toseland's findings.
15 On Friday, the American Diabetes Association issued a similar statement urging the six million U.S. diabetics not to overreact to the British report.
16 'A loss of the warning symptoms of hypoglycemia is a complex problem that is very unlikely to be due simply to the type of insulin used,' the American association said.
17 The FDA already requires drug manufacturers to include warnings with insulin products that symptoms of hypoglycemia are less pronounced with human insulin than with animal-based products.
18 Eli Lilly & Co., the Indianapolis-based drug manufacturer, dominates the U.S. human insulin market with its product known as Humulin.
19 Lilly is building plants to make the insulin in Indianapolis and Fagershein, France.
20 In its latest annual report, Lilly said Humulin sales have shown 'excellent growth.'
21 Lilly officials said they had seen reports of hypoglycemic unawareness among some patients making the shift from animal to human insulin, but didn't know if the problem had caused any deaths.
22 Dr. Leigh Thompson, a Lilly group vice president, said the company's clinical trials of both its animal and human-based insulins indicated no difference in the level of hypoglycemia between users of either product.
23 Dr. Toseland said most of the British diabetics who died had been taking a human-based insulin made by Novo/Nordisk, a Danish manufacturer.
24 None of the diabetics were using Lilly's insulin.
| 2 | The United Kingdom reports came from Dr . Patrick Toseland , head of clinical chemistry at Guy ' s Hospital in London . | Guy ' s Hospital in London | which part of london? | 16 | 22 |
634 | 200 | 1 Federal drug regulators, concerned over British reports that diabetics have died after shifting from animal to human-based insulin, say they are considering a study to see if similar deaths have occurred here.
2 The United Kingdom reports came from Dr. Patrick Toseland, head of clinical chemistry at Guy's Hospital in London.
3 In a telephone interview Friday, Dr. Toseland said the number of sudden, unexplained deaths of diabetics he had seen this year was 17 compared with just two in 1985.
4 At least six of the deaths occurred among relatively young diabetics who had switched from animal to human insulin within the past year, he said.
5 Dr. Solomon Sobel, director of metabolism and endrocrine drug products for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, said FDA officials have discussed Dr. Toseland's findings 'fairly intensively.' While there have been no reports of similar sudden unexplained deaths among diabetics in the U.S., Dr. Sobel said the FDA plans to examine Dr. Toseland's evidence and is considering its own study here.
6 Dr. Toseland, a toxicologist, said he was preparing an article for a British forensic medical journal raising the possibility that the deaths may have occurred after human insulin blunted critical warning signs indicating hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which can kill diabetics.
7 The usual warning signs of hypoglycemia include sweating, anxiety and cramps.
8 With proper warning, diabetics can easily raise their blood sugar to safe levels by eating sugar or sugary food. 'The anecdotal data certainly shows that some of the people were not aware of the rapid onset of hypoglycemia,' Dr. Toseland said.
9 At the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Dr. Robert E. Silverman, chief of the diabetes program branch, said no evidence of unexpected deaths from hypoglycemia had shown up in a study of 1,500 diabetics that has been under way at NIH for five years.
10 However, he said officials conducting the study hadn't been looking for signs of problems related to hypoglycemia unawareness. 'We are now monitoring for it much more closely,' he said.
11 'We do know there are slight differences in the way human and animal insulins drive down blood sugar,' Dr. Sobel said.
12 The human-based drug starts the blood sugar dropping sooner and drives it down faster, he said. 'But we don't believe there is enough of a difference to be clinically significant,' Dr. Sobel said.
13 Reports of Dr. Toseland's findings in the British press have triggered widespread concern among diabetics there.
14 Both the British Diabetic Association and the Committee on Safety in Medicines -- Britain's equivalent of the U.S. FDA -- recently issued statements noting the lack of hard scientific evidence to support Dr. Toseland's findings.
15 On Friday, the American Diabetes Association issued a similar statement urging the six million U.S. diabetics not to overreact to the British report.
16 'A loss of the warning symptoms of hypoglycemia is a complex problem that is very unlikely to be due simply to the type of insulin used,' the American association said.
17 The FDA already requires drug manufacturers to include warnings with insulin products that symptoms of hypoglycemia are less pronounced with human insulin than with animal-based products.
18 Eli Lilly & Co., the Indianapolis-based drug manufacturer, dominates the U.S. human insulin market with its product known as Humulin.
19 Lilly is building plants to make the insulin in Indianapolis and Fagershein, France.
20 In its latest annual report, Lilly said Humulin sales have shown 'excellent growth.'
21 Lilly officials said they had seen reports of hypoglycemic unawareness among some patients making the shift from animal to human insulin, but didn't know if the problem had caused any deaths.
22 Dr. Leigh Thompson, a Lilly group vice president, said the company's clinical trials of both its animal and human-based insulins indicated no difference in the level of hypoglycemia between users of either product.
23 Dr. Toseland said most of the British diabetics who died had been taking a human-based insulin made by Novo/Nordisk, a Danish manufacturer.
24 None of the diabetics were using Lilly's insulin.
| 3 | In a telephone interview Friday , Dr . Toseland said the number of sudden , unexplained deaths of diabetics he had seen this year was 17 compared with just two in 1985 . | Friday , | what is fridays date>? | 4 | 6 |
635 | 200 | 1 Federal drug regulators, concerned over British reports that diabetics have died after shifting from animal to human-based insulin, say they are considering a study to see if similar deaths have occurred here.
2 The United Kingdom reports came from Dr. Patrick Toseland, head of clinical chemistry at Guy's Hospital in London.
3 In a telephone interview Friday, Dr. Toseland said the number of sudden, unexplained deaths of diabetics he had seen this year was 17 compared with just two in 1985.
4 At least six of the deaths occurred among relatively young diabetics who had switched from animal to human insulin within the past year, he said.
5 Dr. Solomon Sobel, director of metabolism and endrocrine drug products for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, said FDA officials have discussed Dr. Toseland's findings 'fairly intensively.' While there have been no reports of similar sudden unexplained deaths among diabetics in the U.S., Dr. Sobel said the FDA plans to examine Dr. Toseland's evidence and is considering its own study here.
6 Dr. Toseland, a toxicologist, said he was preparing an article for a British forensic medical journal raising the possibility that the deaths may have occurred after human insulin blunted critical warning signs indicating hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which can kill diabetics.
7 The usual warning signs of hypoglycemia include sweating, anxiety and cramps.
8 With proper warning, diabetics can easily raise their blood sugar to safe levels by eating sugar or sugary food. 'The anecdotal data certainly shows that some of the people were not aware of the rapid onset of hypoglycemia,' Dr. Toseland said.
9 At the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Dr. Robert E. Silverman, chief of the diabetes program branch, said no evidence of unexpected deaths from hypoglycemia had shown up in a study of 1,500 diabetics that has been under way at NIH for five years.
10 However, he said officials conducting the study hadn't been looking for signs of problems related to hypoglycemia unawareness. 'We are now monitoring for it much more closely,' he said.
11 'We do know there are slight differences in the way human and animal insulins drive down blood sugar,' Dr. Sobel said.
12 The human-based drug starts the blood sugar dropping sooner and drives it down faster, he said. 'But we don't believe there is enough of a difference to be clinically significant,' Dr. Sobel said.
13 Reports of Dr. Toseland's findings in the British press have triggered widespread concern among diabetics there.
14 Both the British Diabetic Association and the Committee on Safety in Medicines -- Britain's equivalent of the U.S. FDA -- recently issued statements noting the lack of hard scientific evidence to support Dr. Toseland's findings.
15 On Friday, the American Diabetes Association issued a similar statement urging the six million U.S. diabetics not to overreact to the British report.
16 'A loss of the warning symptoms of hypoglycemia is a complex problem that is very unlikely to be due simply to the type of insulin used,' the American association said.
17 The FDA already requires drug manufacturers to include warnings with insulin products that symptoms of hypoglycemia are less pronounced with human insulin than with animal-based products.
18 Eli Lilly & Co., the Indianapolis-based drug manufacturer, dominates the U.S. human insulin market with its product known as Humulin.
19 Lilly is building plants to make the insulin in Indianapolis and Fagershein, France.
20 In its latest annual report, Lilly said Humulin sales have shown 'excellent growth.'
21 Lilly officials said they had seen reports of hypoglycemic unawareness among some patients making the shift from animal to human insulin, but didn't know if the problem had caused any deaths.
22 Dr. Leigh Thompson, a Lilly group vice president, said the company's clinical trials of both its animal and human-based insulins indicated no difference in the level of hypoglycemia between users of either product.
23 Dr. Toseland said most of the British diabetics who died had been taking a human-based insulin made by Novo/Nordisk, a Danish manufacturer.
24 None of the diabetics were using Lilly's insulin.
| 3 | In a telephone interview Friday , Dr . Toseland said the number of sudden , unexplained deaths of diabetics he had seen this year was 17 compared with just two in 1985 . | unexplained deaths of diabetics | Could these death be attributed to anything else? | 15 | 19 |
636 | 200 | 1 Federal drug regulators, concerned over British reports that diabetics have died after shifting from animal to human-based insulin, say they are considering a study to see if similar deaths have occurred here.
2 The United Kingdom reports came from Dr. Patrick Toseland, head of clinical chemistry at Guy's Hospital in London.
3 In a telephone interview Friday, Dr. Toseland said the number of sudden, unexplained deaths of diabetics he had seen this year was 17 compared with just two in 1985.
4 At least six of the deaths occurred among relatively young diabetics who had switched from animal to human insulin within the past year, he said.
5 Dr. Solomon Sobel, director of metabolism and endrocrine drug products for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, said FDA officials have discussed Dr. Toseland's findings 'fairly intensively.' While there have been no reports of similar sudden unexplained deaths among diabetics in the U.S., Dr. Sobel said the FDA plans to examine Dr. Toseland's evidence and is considering its own study here.
6 Dr. Toseland, a toxicologist, said he was preparing an article for a British forensic medical journal raising the possibility that the deaths may have occurred after human insulin blunted critical warning signs indicating hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which can kill diabetics.
7 The usual warning signs of hypoglycemia include sweating, anxiety and cramps.
8 With proper warning, diabetics can easily raise their blood sugar to safe levels by eating sugar or sugary food. 'The anecdotal data certainly shows that some of the people were not aware of the rapid onset of hypoglycemia,' Dr. Toseland said.
9 At the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Dr. Robert E. Silverman, chief of the diabetes program branch, said no evidence of unexpected deaths from hypoglycemia had shown up in a study of 1,500 diabetics that has been under way at NIH for five years.
10 However, he said officials conducting the study hadn't been looking for signs of problems related to hypoglycemia unawareness. 'We are now monitoring for it much more closely,' he said.
11 'We do know there are slight differences in the way human and animal insulins drive down blood sugar,' Dr. Sobel said.
12 The human-based drug starts the blood sugar dropping sooner and drives it down faster, he said. 'But we don't believe there is enough of a difference to be clinically significant,' Dr. Sobel said.
13 Reports of Dr. Toseland's findings in the British press have triggered widespread concern among diabetics there.
14 Both the British Diabetic Association and the Committee on Safety in Medicines -- Britain's equivalent of the U.S. FDA -- recently issued statements noting the lack of hard scientific evidence to support Dr. Toseland's findings.
15 On Friday, the American Diabetes Association issued a similar statement urging the six million U.S. diabetics not to overreact to the British report.
16 'A loss of the warning symptoms of hypoglycemia is a complex problem that is very unlikely to be due simply to the type of insulin used,' the American association said.
17 The FDA already requires drug manufacturers to include warnings with insulin products that symptoms of hypoglycemia are less pronounced with human insulin than with animal-based products.
18 Eli Lilly & Co., the Indianapolis-based drug manufacturer, dominates the U.S. human insulin market with its product known as Humulin.
19 Lilly is building plants to make the insulin in Indianapolis and Fagershein, France.
20 In its latest annual report, Lilly said Humulin sales have shown 'excellent growth.'
21 Lilly officials said they had seen reports of hypoglycemic unawareness among some patients making the shift from animal to human insulin, but didn't know if the problem had caused any deaths.
22 Dr. Leigh Thompson, a Lilly group vice president, said the company's clinical trials of both its animal and human-based insulins indicated no difference in the level of hypoglycemia between users of either product.
23 Dr. Toseland said most of the British diabetics who died had been taking a human-based insulin made by Novo/Nordisk, a Danish manufacturer.
24 None of the diabetics were using Lilly's insulin.
| 3 | In a telephone interview Friday , Dr . Toseland said the number of sudden , unexplained deaths of diabetics he had seen this year was 17 compared with just two in 1985 . | unexplained deaths | why more of these? | 15 | 17 |
637 | 200 | 1 Federal drug regulators, concerned over British reports that diabetics have died after shifting from animal to human-based insulin, say they are considering a study to see if similar deaths have occurred here.
2 The United Kingdom reports came from Dr. Patrick Toseland, head of clinical chemistry at Guy's Hospital in London.
3 In a telephone interview Friday, Dr. Toseland said the number of sudden, unexplained deaths of diabetics he had seen this year was 17 compared with just two in 1985.
4 At least six of the deaths occurred among relatively young diabetics who had switched from animal to human insulin within the past year, he said.
5 Dr. Solomon Sobel, director of metabolism and endrocrine drug products for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, said FDA officials have discussed Dr. Toseland's findings 'fairly intensively.' While there have been no reports of similar sudden unexplained deaths among diabetics in the U.S., Dr. Sobel said the FDA plans to examine Dr. Toseland's evidence and is considering its own study here.
6 Dr. Toseland, a toxicologist, said he was preparing an article for a British forensic medical journal raising the possibility that the deaths may have occurred after human insulin blunted critical warning signs indicating hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which can kill diabetics.
7 The usual warning signs of hypoglycemia include sweating, anxiety and cramps.
8 With proper warning, diabetics can easily raise their blood sugar to safe levels by eating sugar or sugary food. 'The anecdotal data certainly shows that some of the people were not aware of the rapid onset of hypoglycemia,' Dr. Toseland said.
9 At the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Dr. Robert E. Silverman, chief of the diabetes program branch, said no evidence of unexpected deaths from hypoglycemia had shown up in a study of 1,500 diabetics that has been under way at NIH for five years.
10 However, he said officials conducting the study hadn't been looking for signs of problems related to hypoglycemia unawareness. 'We are now monitoring for it much more closely,' he said.
11 'We do know there are slight differences in the way human and animal insulins drive down blood sugar,' Dr. Sobel said.
12 The human-based drug starts the blood sugar dropping sooner and drives it down faster, he said. 'But we don't believe there is enough of a difference to be clinically significant,' Dr. Sobel said.
13 Reports of Dr. Toseland's findings in the British press have triggered widespread concern among diabetics there.
14 Both the British Diabetic Association and the Committee on Safety in Medicines -- Britain's equivalent of the U.S. FDA -- recently issued statements noting the lack of hard scientific evidence to support Dr. Toseland's findings.
15 On Friday, the American Diabetes Association issued a similar statement urging the six million U.S. diabetics not to overreact to the British report.
16 'A loss of the warning symptoms of hypoglycemia is a complex problem that is very unlikely to be due simply to the type of insulin used,' the American association said.
17 The FDA already requires drug manufacturers to include warnings with insulin products that symptoms of hypoglycemia are less pronounced with human insulin than with animal-based products.
18 Eli Lilly & Co., the Indianapolis-based drug manufacturer, dominates the U.S. human insulin market with its product known as Humulin.
19 Lilly is building plants to make the insulin in Indianapolis and Fagershein, France.
20 In its latest annual report, Lilly said Humulin sales have shown 'excellent growth.'
21 Lilly officials said they had seen reports of hypoglycemic unawareness among some patients making the shift from animal to human insulin, but didn't know if the problem had caused any deaths.
22 Dr. Leigh Thompson, a Lilly group vice president, said the company's clinical trials of both its animal and human-based insulins indicated no difference in the level of hypoglycemia between users of either product.
23 Dr. Toseland said most of the British diabetics who died had been taking a human-based insulin made by Novo/Nordisk, a Danish manufacturer.
24 None of the diabetics were using Lilly's insulin.
| 4 | At least six of the deaths occurred among relatively young diabetics who had switched from animal to human insulin within the past year , he said . | relatively young diabetics | how young? | 8 | 11 |
638 | 200 | 1 Federal drug regulators, concerned over British reports that diabetics have died after shifting from animal to human-based insulin, say they are considering a study to see if similar deaths have occurred here.
2 The United Kingdom reports came from Dr. Patrick Toseland, head of clinical chemistry at Guy's Hospital in London.
3 In a telephone interview Friday, Dr. Toseland said the number of sudden, unexplained deaths of diabetics he had seen this year was 17 compared with just two in 1985.
4 At least six of the deaths occurred among relatively young diabetics who had switched from animal to human insulin within the past year, he said.
5 Dr. Solomon Sobel, director of metabolism and endrocrine drug products for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, said FDA officials have discussed Dr. Toseland's findings 'fairly intensively.' While there have been no reports of similar sudden unexplained deaths among diabetics in the U.S., Dr. Sobel said the FDA plans to examine Dr. Toseland's evidence and is considering its own study here.
6 Dr. Toseland, a toxicologist, said he was preparing an article for a British forensic medical journal raising the possibility that the deaths may have occurred after human insulin blunted critical warning signs indicating hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which can kill diabetics.
7 The usual warning signs of hypoglycemia include sweating, anxiety and cramps.
8 With proper warning, diabetics can easily raise their blood sugar to safe levels by eating sugar or sugary food. 'The anecdotal data certainly shows that some of the people were not aware of the rapid onset of hypoglycemia,' Dr. Toseland said.
9 At the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Dr. Robert E. Silverman, chief of the diabetes program branch, said no evidence of unexpected deaths from hypoglycemia had shown up in a study of 1,500 diabetics that has been under way at NIH for five years.
10 However, he said officials conducting the study hadn't been looking for signs of problems related to hypoglycemia unawareness. 'We are now monitoring for it much more closely,' he said.
11 'We do know there are slight differences in the way human and animal insulins drive down blood sugar,' Dr. Sobel said.
12 The human-based drug starts the blood sugar dropping sooner and drives it down faster, he said. 'But we don't believe there is enough of a difference to be clinically significant,' Dr. Sobel said.
13 Reports of Dr. Toseland's findings in the British press have triggered widespread concern among diabetics there.
14 Both the British Diabetic Association and the Committee on Safety in Medicines -- Britain's equivalent of the U.S. FDA -- recently issued statements noting the lack of hard scientific evidence to support Dr. Toseland's findings.
15 On Friday, the American Diabetes Association issued a similar statement urging the six million U.S. diabetics not to overreact to the British report.
16 'A loss of the warning symptoms of hypoglycemia is a complex problem that is very unlikely to be due simply to the type of insulin used,' the American association said.
17 The FDA already requires drug manufacturers to include warnings with insulin products that symptoms of hypoglycemia are less pronounced with human insulin than with animal-based products.
18 Eli Lilly & Co., the Indianapolis-based drug manufacturer, dominates the U.S. human insulin market with its product known as Humulin.
19 Lilly is building plants to make the insulin in Indianapolis and Fagershein, France.
20 In its latest annual report, Lilly said Humulin sales have shown 'excellent growth.'
21 Lilly officials said they had seen reports of hypoglycemic unawareness among some patients making the shift from animal to human insulin, but didn't know if the problem had caused any deaths.
22 Dr. Leigh Thompson, a Lilly group vice president, said the company's clinical trials of both its animal and human-based insulins indicated no difference in the level of hypoglycemia between users of either product.
23 Dr. Toseland said most of the British diabetics who died had been taking a human-based insulin made by Novo/Nordisk, a Danish manufacturer.
24 None of the diabetics were using Lilly's insulin.
| 4 | At least six of the deaths occurred among relatively young diabetics who had switched from animal to human insulin within the past year , he said . | relatively young diabetics | Did they have any other preexisting health conditions? | 8 | 11 |
639 | 200 | 1 Federal drug regulators, concerned over British reports that diabetics have died after shifting from animal to human-based insulin, say they are considering a study to see if similar deaths have occurred here.
2 The United Kingdom reports came from Dr. Patrick Toseland, head of clinical chemistry at Guy's Hospital in London.
3 In a telephone interview Friday, Dr. Toseland said the number of sudden, unexplained deaths of diabetics he had seen this year was 17 compared with just two in 1985.
4 At least six of the deaths occurred among relatively young diabetics who had switched from animal to human insulin within the past year, he said.
5 Dr. Solomon Sobel, director of metabolism and endrocrine drug products for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, said FDA officials have discussed Dr. Toseland's findings 'fairly intensively.' While there have been no reports of similar sudden unexplained deaths among diabetics in the U.S., Dr. Sobel said the FDA plans to examine Dr. Toseland's evidence and is considering its own study here.
6 Dr. Toseland, a toxicologist, said he was preparing an article for a British forensic medical journal raising the possibility that the deaths may have occurred after human insulin blunted critical warning signs indicating hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which can kill diabetics.
7 The usual warning signs of hypoglycemia include sweating, anxiety and cramps.
8 With proper warning, diabetics can easily raise their blood sugar to safe levels by eating sugar or sugary food. 'The anecdotal data certainly shows that some of the people were not aware of the rapid onset of hypoglycemia,' Dr. Toseland said.
9 At the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Dr. Robert E. Silverman, chief of the diabetes program branch, said no evidence of unexpected deaths from hypoglycemia had shown up in a study of 1,500 diabetics that has been under way at NIH for five years.
10 However, he said officials conducting the study hadn't been looking for signs of problems related to hypoglycemia unawareness. 'We are now monitoring for it much more closely,' he said.
11 'We do know there are slight differences in the way human and animal insulins drive down blood sugar,' Dr. Sobel said.
12 The human-based drug starts the blood sugar dropping sooner and drives it down faster, he said. 'But we don't believe there is enough of a difference to be clinically significant,' Dr. Sobel said.
13 Reports of Dr. Toseland's findings in the British press have triggered widespread concern among diabetics there.
14 Both the British Diabetic Association and the Committee on Safety in Medicines -- Britain's equivalent of the U.S. FDA -- recently issued statements noting the lack of hard scientific evidence to support Dr. Toseland's findings.
15 On Friday, the American Diabetes Association issued a similar statement urging the six million U.S. diabetics not to overreact to the British report.
16 'A loss of the warning symptoms of hypoglycemia is a complex problem that is very unlikely to be due simply to the type of insulin used,' the American association said.
17 The FDA already requires drug manufacturers to include warnings with insulin products that symptoms of hypoglycemia are less pronounced with human insulin than with animal-based products.
18 Eli Lilly & Co., the Indianapolis-based drug manufacturer, dominates the U.S. human insulin market with its product known as Humulin.
19 Lilly is building plants to make the insulin in Indianapolis and Fagershein, France.
20 In its latest annual report, Lilly said Humulin sales have shown 'excellent growth.'
21 Lilly officials said they had seen reports of hypoglycemic unawareness among some patients making the shift from animal to human insulin, but didn't know if the problem had caused any deaths.
22 Dr. Leigh Thompson, a Lilly group vice president, said the company's clinical trials of both its animal and human-based insulins indicated no difference in the level of hypoglycemia between users of either product.
23 Dr. Toseland said most of the British diabetics who died had been taking a human-based insulin made by Novo/Nordisk, a Danish manufacturer.
24 None of the diabetics were using Lilly's insulin.
| 4 | At least six of the deaths occurred among relatively young diabetics who had switched from animal to human insulin within the past year , he said . | young diabetics who had switched from animal | is animal insulin common? | 9 | 16 |
640 | 201 | 1 Mobil Corp. is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group, which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U.S., by as much as 15% as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business.
2 Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8%, or 400 people.
3 The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul, during which it also lost as many as 400 employees, a company spokesman said in response to questions.
4 Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. Inc., the group involved, currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5,000.
5 A few years ago, Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout.
6 But since then U.S. oil production has declined and Mobil wants to focus its oil-finding efforts overseas.
7 Mobil alluded to the work-force cuts last week when it took a $40 million charge as part of its third-quarter earnings and attributed it to a restructuring.
8 Mobil officials said that it is unlikely any additional charges related to this move will be taken in future quarters.
9 On Wednesday, Mobil will begin offering separation packages and voluntary retirement in its U.S. production operation.
10 Mobil officials said they have been studying ways of streamlining these operations since early this year.
11 During the coming months, layers of management will be peeled away and regional offices will become more autonomous.
12 For greater efficiency, employees at those locations will be reorganized into teams responsible for managing the properties under their jurisdiction, Mobil said. 'The main feature of the new organization is that each local manager will have both the authority and accountability for profitable and technically sound operations,' said Charles E. Spruell, president of the Mobil unit.
13 Field offices at New Orleans; Houston; Denver; Midland, Tex.; Bakersfield, Calif.; Oklahoma City; and Liberal, Kan., will be maintained.
14 But the staffs at some of those locations will be slashed while at others the work force will be increased.
15 For instance, employment in Denver will be reduced to 105 from 430.
16 But on the West Coast, where profitable oil production is more likely than in the midcontinent region, the Bakersfield, Calif., office staff of 130 will grow by 175 to 305.
17 The reorganization will 'focus on the value and potential of assets,' Mr. Spruell said.
| 1 | Mobil Corp . is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group , which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U . S . , by as much as 15 % as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business . | cutting back | Why is Mobil Corp. cutting back its exploration and production group? | 8 | 10 |
641 | 201 | 1 Mobil Corp. is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group, which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U.S., by as much as 15% as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business.
2 Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8%, or 400 people.
3 The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul, during which it also lost as many as 400 employees, a company spokesman said in response to questions.
4 Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. Inc., the group involved, currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5,000.
5 A few years ago, Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout.
6 But since then U.S. oil production has declined and Mobil wants to focus its oil-finding efforts overseas.
7 Mobil alluded to the work-force cuts last week when it took a $40 million charge as part of its third-quarter earnings and attributed it to a restructuring.
8 Mobil officials said that it is unlikely any additional charges related to this move will be taken in future quarters.
9 On Wednesday, Mobil will begin offering separation packages and voluntary retirement in its U.S. production operation.
10 Mobil officials said they have been studying ways of streamlining these operations since early this year.
11 During the coming months, layers of management will be peeled away and regional offices will become more autonomous.
12 For greater efficiency, employees at those locations will be reorganized into teams responsible for managing the properties under their jurisdiction, Mobil said. 'The main feature of the new organization is that each local manager will have both the authority and accountability for profitable and technically sound operations,' said Charles E. Spruell, president of the Mobil unit.
13 Field offices at New Orleans; Houston; Denver; Midland, Tex.; Bakersfield, Calif.; Oklahoma City; and Liberal, Kan., will be maintained.
14 But the staffs at some of those locations will be slashed while at others the work force will be increased.
15 For instance, employment in Denver will be reduced to 105 from 430.
16 But on the West Coast, where profitable oil production is more likely than in the midcontinent region, the Bakersfield, Calif., office staff of 130 will grow by 175 to 305.
17 The reorganization will 'focus on the value and potential of assets,' Mr. Spruell said.
| 1 | Mobil Corp . is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group , which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U . S . , by as much as 15 % as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business . | restructuring | Why is Mobil Corp. restructuring that sector? | 42 | 43 |
642 | 201 | 1 Mobil Corp. is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group, which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U.S., by as much as 15% as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business.
2 Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8%, or 400 people.
3 The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul, during which it also lost as many as 400 employees, a company spokesman said in response to questions.
4 Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. Inc., the group involved, currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5,000.
5 A few years ago, Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout.
6 But since then U.S. oil production has declined and Mobil wants to focus its oil-finding efforts overseas.
7 Mobil alluded to the work-force cuts last week when it took a $40 million charge as part of its third-quarter earnings and attributed it to a restructuring.
8 Mobil officials said that it is unlikely any additional charges related to this move will be taken in future quarters.
9 On Wednesday, Mobil will begin offering separation packages and voluntary retirement in its U.S. production operation.
10 Mobil officials said they have been studying ways of streamlining these operations since early this year.
11 During the coming months, layers of management will be peeled away and regional offices will become more autonomous.
12 For greater efficiency, employees at those locations will be reorganized into teams responsible for managing the properties under their jurisdiction, Mobil said. 'The main feature of the new organization is that each local manager will have both the authority and accountability for profitable and technically sound operations,' said Charles E. Spruell, president of the Mobil unit.
13 Field offices at New Orleans; Houston; Denver; Midland, Tex.; Bakersfield, Calif.; Oklahoma City; and Liberal, Kan., will be maintained.
14 But the staffs at some of those locations will be slashed while at others the work force will be increased.
15 For instance, employment in Denver will be reduced to 105 from 430.
16 But on the West Coast, where profitable oil production is more likely than in the midcontinent region, the Bakersfield, Calif., office staff of 130 will grow by 175 to 305.
17 The reorganization will 'focus on the value and potential of assets,' Mr. Spruell said.
| 1 | Mobil Corp . is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group , which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U . S . , by as much as 15 % as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business . | cutting back | What has led to these cutbacks? | 8 | 10 |
643 | 201 | 1 Mobil Corp. is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group, which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U.S., by as much as 15% as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business.
2 Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8%, or 400 people.
3 The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul, during which it also lost as many as 400 employees, a company spokesman said in response to questions.
4 Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. Inc., the group involved, currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5,000.
5 A few years ago, Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout.
6 But since then U.S. oil production has declined and Mobil wants to focus its oil-finding efforts overseas.
7 Mobil alluded to the work-force cuts last week when it took a $40 million charge as part of its third-quarter earnings and attributed it to a restructuring.
8 Mobil officials said that it is unlikely any additional charges related to this move will be taken in future quarters.
9 On Wednesday, Mobil will begin offering separation packages and voluntary retirement in its U.S. production operation.
10 Mobil officials said they have been studying ways of streamlining these operations since early this year.
11 During the coming months, layers of management will be peeled away and regional offices will become more autonomous.
12 For greater efficiency, employees at those locations will be reorganized into teams responsible for managing the properties under their jurisdiction, Mobil said. 'The main feature of the new organization is that each local manager will have both the authority and accountability for profitable and technically sound operations,' said Charles E. Spruell, president of the Mobil unit.
13 Field offices at New Orleans; Houston; Denver; Midland, Tex.; Bakersfield, Calif.; Oklahoma City; and Liberal, Kan., will be maintained.
14 But the staffs at some of those locations will be slashed while at others the work force will be increased.
15 For instance, employment in Denver will be reduced to 105 from 430.
16 But on the West Coast, where profitable oil production is more likely than in the midcontinent region, the Bakersfield, Calif., office staff of 130 will grow by 175 to 305.
17 The reorganization will 'focus on the value and potential of assets,' Mr. Spruell said.
| 2 | Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8 % , or 400 people . | Management advised | which manager advised? | 0 | 2 |
644 | 201 | 1 Mobil Corp. is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group, which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U.S., by as much as 15% as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business.
2 Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8%, or 400 people.
3 The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul, during which it also lost as many as 400 employees, a company spokesman said in response to questions.
4 Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. Inc., the group involved, currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5,000.
5 A few years ago, Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout.
6 But since then U.S. oil production has declined and Mobil wants to focus its oil-finding efforts overseas.
7 Mobil alluded to the work-force cuts last week when it took a $40 million charge as part of its third-quarter earnings and attributed it to a restructuring.
8 Mobil officials said that it is unlikely any additional charges related to this move will be taken in future quarters.
9 On Wednesday, Mobil will begin offering separation packages and voluntary retirement in its U.S. production operation.
10 Mobil officials said they have been studying ways of streamlining these operations since early this year.
11 During the coming months, layers of management will be peeled away and regional offices will become more autonomous.
12 For greater efficiency, employees at those locations will be reorganized into teams responsible for managing the properties under their jurisdiction, Mobil said. 'The main feature of the new organization is that each local manager will have both the authority and accountability for profitable and technically sound operations,' said Charles E. Spruell, president of the Mobil unit.
13 Field offices at New Orleans; Houston; Denver; Midland, Tex.; Bakersfield, Calif.; Oklahoma City; and Liberal, Kan., will be maintained.
14 But the staffs at some of those locations will be slashed while at others the work force will be increased.
15 For instance, employment in Denver will be reduced to 105 from 430.
16 But on the West Coast, where profitable oil production is more likely than in the midcontinent region, the Bakersfield, Calif., office staff of 130 will grow by 175 to 305.
17 The reorganization will 'focus on the value and potential of assets,' Mr. Spruell said.
| 2 | Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8 % , or 400 people . | reduce employment | Why is Mobil Corp. reducing employment? | 9 | 11 |
645 | 201 | 1 Mobil Corp. is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group, which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U.S., by as much as 15% as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business.
2 Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8%, or 400 people.
3 The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul, during which it also lost as many as 400 employees, a company spokesman said in response to questions.
4 Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. Inc., the group involved, currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5,000.
5 A few years ago, Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout.
6 But since then U.S. oil production has declined and Mobil wants to focus its oil-finding efforts overseas.
7 Mobil alluded to the work-force cuts last week when it took a $40 million charge as part of its third-quarter earnings and attributed it to a restructuring.
8 Mobil officials said that it is unlikely any additional charges related to this move will be taken in future quarters.
9 On Wednesday, Mobil will begin offering separation packages and voluntary retirement in its U.S. production operation.
10 Mobil officials said they have been studying ways of streamlining these operations since early this year.
11 During the coming months, layers of management will be peeled away and regional offices will become more autonomous.
12 For greater efficiency, employees at those locations will be reorganized into teams responsible for managing the properties under their jurisdiction, Mobil said. 'The main feature of the new organization is that each local manager will have both the authority and accountability for profitable and technically sound operations,' said Charles E. Spruell, president of the Mobil unit.
13 Field offices at New Orleans; Houston; Denver; Midland, Tex.; Bakersfield, Calif.; Oklahoma City; and Liberal, Kan., will be maintained.
14 But the staffs at some of those locations will be slashed while at others the work force will be increased.
15 For instance, employment in Denver will be reduced to 105 from 430.
16 But on the West Coast, where profitable oil production is more likely than in the midcontinent region, the Bakersfield, Calif., office staff of 130 will grow by 175 to 305.
17 The reorganization will 'focus on the value and potential of assets,' Mr. Spruell said.
| 2 | Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8 % , or 400 people . | production operations | Why \"production operations\" instead of field exploration? | 12 | 14 |
646 | 201 | 1 Mobil Corp. is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group, which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U.S., by as much as 15% as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business.
2 Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8%, or 400 people.
3 The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul, during which it also lost as many as 400 employees, a company spokesman said in response to questions.
4 Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. Inc., the group involved, currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5,000.
5 A few years ago, Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout.
6 But since then U.S. oil production has declined and Mobil wants to focus its oil-finding efforts overseas.
7 Mobil alluded to the work-force cuts last week when it took a $40 million charge as part of its third-quarter earnings and attributed it to a restructuring.
8 Mobil officials said that it is unlikely any additional charges related to this move will be taken in future quarters.
9 On Wednesday, Mobil will begin offering separation packages and voluntary retirement in its U.S. production operation.
10 Mobil officials said they have been studying ways of streamlining these operations since early this year.
11 During the coming months, layers of management will be peeled away and regional offices will become more autonomous.
12 For greater efficiency, employees at those locations will be reorganized into teams responsible for managing the properties under their jurisdiction, Mobil said. 'The main feature of the new organization is that each local manager will have both the authority and accountability for profitable and technically sound operations,' said Charles E. Spruell, president of the Mobil unit.
13 Field offices at New Orleans; Houston; Denver; Midland, Tex.; Bakersfield, Calif.; Oklahoma City; and Liberal, Kan., will be maintained.
14 But the staffs at some of those locations will be slashed while at others the work force will be increased.
15 For instance, employment in Denver will be reduced to 105 from 430.
16 But on the West Coast, where profitable oil production is more likely than in the midcontinent region, the Bakersfield, Calif., office staff of 130 will grow by 175 to 305.
17 The reorganization will 'focus on the value and potential of assets,' Mr. Spruell said.
| 3 | The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul , during which it also lost as many as 400 employees , a company spokesman said in response to questions . | a company spokesman | Who is the company spokesman? | 24 | 27 |
647 | 201 | 1 Mobil Corp. is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group, which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U.S., by as much as 15% as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business.
2 Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8%, or 400 people.
3 The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul, during which it also lost as many as 400 employees, a company spokesman said in response to questions.
4 Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. Inc., the group involved, currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5,000.
5 A few years ago, Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout.
6 But since then U.S. oil production has declined and Mobil wants to focus its oil-finding efforts overseas.
7 Mobil alluded to the work-force cuts last week when it took a $40 million charge as part of its third-quarter earnings and attributed it to a restructuring.
8 Mobil officials said that it is unlikely any additional charges related to this move will be taken in future quarters.
9 On Wednesday, Mobil will begin offering separation packages and voluntary retirement in its U.S. production operation.
10 Mobil officials said they have been studying ways of streamlining these operations since early this year.
11 During the coming months, layers of management will be peeled away and regional offices will become more autonomous.
12 For greater efficiency, employees at those locations will be reorganized into teams responsible for managing the properties under their jurisdiction, Mobil said. 'The main feature of the new organization is that each local manager will have both the authority and accountability for profitable and technically sound operations,' said Charles E. Spruell, president of the Mobil unit.
13 Field offices at New Orleans; Houston; Denver; Midland, Tex.; Bakersfield, Calif.; Oklahoma City; and Liberal, Kan., will be maintained.
14 But the staffs at some of those locations will be slashed while at others the work force will be increased.
15 For instance, employment in Denver will be reduced to 105 from 430.
16 But on the West Coast, where profitable oil production is more likely than in the midcontinent region, the Bakersfield, Calif., office staff of 130 will grow by 175 to 305.
17 The reorganization will 'focus on the value and potential of assets,' Mr. Spruell said.
| 3 | The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul , during which it also lost as many as 400 employees , a company spokesman said in response to questions . | lost as many as 400 employees , | Why did the exploration side lose 400 employees? | 17 | 24 |
648 | 201 | 1 Mobil Corp. is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group, which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U.S., by as much as 15% as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business.
2 Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8%, or 400 people.
3 The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul, during which it also lost as many as 400 employees, a company spokesman said in response to questions.
4 Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. Inc., the group involved, currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5,000.
5 A few years ago, Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout.
6 But since then U.S. oil production has declined and Mobil wants to focus its oil-finding efforts overseas.
7 Mobil alluded to the work-force cuts last week when it took a $40 million charge as part of its third-quarter earnings and attributed it to a restructuring.
8 Mobil officials said that it is unlikely any additional charges related to this move will be taken in future quarters.
9 On Wednesday, Mobil will begin offering separation packages and voluntary retirement in its U.S. production operation.
10 Mobil officials said they have been studying ways of streamlining these operations since early this year.
11 During the coming months, layers of management will be peeled away and regional offices will become more autonomous.
12 For greater efficiency, employees at those locations will be reorganized into teams responsible for managing the properties under their jurisdiction, Mobil said. 'The main feature of the new organization is that each local manager will have both the authority and accountability for profitable and technically sound operations,' said Charles E. Spruell, president of the Mobil unit.
13 Field offices at New Orleans; Houston; Denver; Midland, Tex.; Bakersfield, Calif.; Oklahoma City; and Liberal, Kan., will be maintained.
14 But the staffs at some of those locations will be slashed while at others the work force will be increased.
15 For instance, employment in Denver will be reduced to 105 from 430.
16 But on the West Coast, where profitable oil production is more likely than in the midcontinent region, the Bakersfield, Calif., office staff of 130 will grow by 175 to 305.
17 The reorganization will 'focus on the value and potential of assets,' Mr. Spruell said.
| 4 | Mobil Exploration & Producing U . S . Inc . , the group involved , currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5 , 000 . | somewhat less than 5 , 000 | is that big? | 21 | 27 |
649 | 201 | 1 Mobil Corp. is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group, which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U.S., by as much as 15% as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business.
2 Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8%, or 400 people.
3 The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul, during which it also lost as many as 400 employees, a company spokesman said in response to questions.
4 Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. Inc., the group involved, currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5,000.
5 A few years ago, Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout.
6 But since then U.S. oil production has declined and Mobil wants to focus its oil-finding efforts overseas.
7 Mobil alluded to the work-force cuts last week when it took a $40 million charge as part of its third-quarter earnings and attributed it to a restructuring.
8 Mobil officials said that it is unlikely any additional charges related to this move will be taken in future quarters.
9 On Wednesday, Mobil will begin offering separation packages and voluntary retirement in its U.S. production operation.
10 Mobil officials said they have been studying ways of streamlining these operations since early this year.
11 During the coming months, layers of management will be peeled away and regional offices will become more autonomous.
12 For greater efficiency, employees at those locations will be reorganized into teams responsible for managing the properties under their jurisdiction, Mobil said. 'The main feature of the new organization is that each local manager will have both the authority and accountability for profitable and technically sound operations,' said Charles E. Spruell, president of the Mobil unit.
13 Field offices at New Orleans; Houston; Denver; Midland, Tex.; Bakersfield, Calif.; Oklahoma City; and Liberal, Kan., will be maintained.
14 But the staffs at some of those locations will be slashed while at others the work force will be increased.
15 For instance, employment in Denver will be reduced to 105 from 430.
16 But on the West Coast, where profitable oil production is more likely than in the midcontinent region, the Bakersfield, Calif., office staff of 130 will grow by 175 to 305.
17 The reorganization will 'focus on the value and potential of assets,' Mr. Spruell said.
| 4 | Mobil Exploration & Producing U . S . Inc . , the group involved , currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5 , 000 . | somewhat | How much is \"somewhat\"? | 21 | 22 |
650 | 201 | 1 Mobil Corp. is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group, which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U.S., by as much as 15% as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business.
2 Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8%, or 400 people.
3 The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul, during which it also lost as many as 400 employees, a company spokesman said in response to questions.
4 Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. Inc., the group involved, currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5,000.
5 A few years ago, Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout.
6 But since then U.S. oil production has declined and Mobil wants to focus its oil-finding efforts overseas.
7 Mobil alluded to the work-force cuts last week when it took a $40 million charge as part of its third-quarter earnings and attributed it to a restructuring.
8 Mobil officials said that it is unlikely any additional charges related to this move will be taken in future quarters.
9 On Wednesday, Mobil will begin offering separation packages and voluntary retirement in its U.S. production operation.
10 Mobil officials said they have been studying ways of streamlining these operations since early this year.
11 During the coming months, layers of management will be peeled away and regional offices will become more autonomous.
12 For greater efficiency, employees at those locations will be reorganized into teams responsible for managing the properties under their jurisdiction, Mobil said. 'The main feature of the new organization is that each local manager will have both the authority and accountability for profitable and technically sound operations,' said Charles E. Spruell, president of the Mobil unit.
13 Field offices at New Orleans; Houston; Denver; Midland, Tex.; Bakersfield, Calif.; Oklahoma City; and Liberal, Kan., will be maintained.
14 But the staffs at some of those locations will be slashed while at others the work force will be increased.
15 For instance, employment in Denver will be reduced to 105 from 430.
16 But on the West Coast, where profitable oil production is more likely than in the midcontinent region, the Bakersfield, Calif., office staff of 130 will grow by 175 to 305.
17 The reorganization will 'focus on the value and potential of assets,' Mr. Spruell said.
| 5 | A few years ago , Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout . | few years ago , | in what year? | 1 | 5 |
651 | 201 | 1 Mobil Corp. is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group, which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U.S., by as much as 15% as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business.
2 Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8%, or 400 people.
3 The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul, during which it also lost as many as 400 employees, a company spokesman said in response to questions.
4 Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. Inc., the group involved, currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5,000.
5 A few years ago, Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout.
6 But since then U.S. oil production has declined and Mobil wants to focus its oil-finding efforts overseas.
7 Mobil alluded to the work-force cuts last week when it took a $40 million charge as part of its third-quarter earnings and attributed it to a restructuring.
8 Mobil officials said that it is unlikely any additional charges related to this move will be taken in future quarters.
9 On Wednesday, Mobil will begin offering separation packages and voluntary retirement in its U.S. production operation.
10 Mobil officials said they have been studying ways of streamlining these operations since early this year.
11 During the coming months, layers of management will be peeled away and regional offices will become more autonomous.
12 For greater efficiency, employees at those locations will be reorganized into teams responsible for managing the properties under their jurisdiction, Mobil said. 'The main feature of the new organization is that each local manager will have both the authority and accountability for profitable and technically sound operations,' said Charles E. Spruell, president of the Mobil unit.
13 Field offices at New Orleans; Houston; Denver; Midland, Tex.; Bakersfield, Calif.; Oklahoma City; and Liberal, Kan., will be maintained.
14 But the staffs at some of those locations will be slashed while at others the work force will be increased.
15 For instance, employment in Denver will be reduced to 105 from 430.
16 But on the West Coast, where profitable oil production is more likely than in the midcontinent region, the Bakersfield, Calif., office staff of 130 will grow by 175 to 305.
17 The reorganization will 'focus on the value and potential of assets,' Mr. Spruell said.
| 5 | A few years ago , Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout . | restructured the entire company | How did Mobil restructure the entire company? | 6 | 10 |
652 | 201 | 1 Mobil Corp. is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group, which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U.S., by as much as 15% as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business.
2 Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8%, or 400 people.
3 The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul, during which it also lost as many as 400 employees, a company spokesman said in response to questions.
4 Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. Inc., the group involved, currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5,000.
5 A few years ago, Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout.
6 But since then U.S. oil production has declined and Mobil wants to focus its oil-finding efforts overseas.
7 Mobil alluded to the work-force cuts last week when it took a $40 million charge as part of its third-quarter earnings and attributed it to a restructuring.
8 Mobil officials said that it is unlikely any additional charges related to this move will be taken in future quarters.
9 On Wednesday, Mobil will begin offering separation packages and voluntary retirement in its U.S. production operation.
10 Mobil officials said they have been studying ways of streamlining these operations since early this year.
11 During the coming months, layers of management will be peeled away and regional offices will become more autonomous.
12 For greater efficiency, employees at those locations will be reorganized into teams responsible for managing the properties under their jurisdiction, Mobil said. 'The main feature of the new organization is that each local manager will have both the authority and accountability for profitable and technically sound operations,' said Charles E. Spruell, president of the Mobil unit.
13 Field offices at New Orleans; Houston; Denver; Midland, Tex.; Bakersfield, Calif.; Oklahoma City; and Liberal, Kan., will be maintained.
14 But the staffs at some of those locations will be slashed while at others the work force will be increased.
15 For instance, employment in Denver will be reduced to 105 from 430.
16 But on the West Coast, where profitable oil production is more likely than in the midcontinent region, the Bakersfield, Calif., office staff of 130 will grow by 175 to 305.
17 The reorganization will 'focus on the value and potential of assets,' Mr. Spruell said.
| 5 | A few years ago , Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout . | industrywide | Why was it an industry wide shake out? | 12 | 13 |
653 | 201 | 1 Mobil Corp. is in the midst of cutting back its exploration and production group, which finds and develops oil and gas reserves in the U.S., by as much as 15% as part of a new restructuring of that sector of its business.
2 Management advised employees Friday that it was going to reduce employment in production operations of the group by 8%, or 400 people.
3 The exploration side of the unit has recently undergone a similar overhaul, during which it also lost as many as 400 employees, a company spokesman said in response to questions.
4 Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. Inc., the group involved, currently has a work force of somewhat less than 5,000.
5 A few years ago, Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout.
6 But since then U.S. oil production has declined and Mobil wants to focus its oil-finding efforts overseas.
7 Mobil alluded to the work-force cuts last week when it took a $40 million charge as part of its third-quarter earnings and attributed it to a restructuring.
8 Mobil officials said that it is unlikely any additional charges related to this move will be taken in future quarters.
9 On Wednesday, Mobil will begin offering separation packages and voluntary retirement in its U.S. production operation.
10 Mobil officials said they have been studying ways of streamlining these operations since early this year.
11 During the coming months, layers of management will be peeled away and regional offices will become more autonomous.
12 For greater efficiency, employees at those locations will be reorganized into teams responsible for managing the properties under their jurisdiction, Mobil said. 'The main feature of the new organization is that each local manager will have both the authority and accountability for profitable and technically sound operations,' said Charles E. Spruell, president of the Mobil unit.
13 Field offices at New Orleans; Houston; Denver; Midland, Tex.; Bakersfield, Calif.; Oklahoma City; and Liberal, Kan., will be maintained.
14 But the staffs at some of those locations will be slashed while at others the work force will be increased.
15 For instance, employment in Denver will be reduced to 105 from 430.
16 But on the West Coast, where profitable oil production is more likely than in the midcontinent region, the Bakersfield, Calif., office staff of 130 will grow by 175 to 305.
17 The reorganization will 'focus on the value and potential of assets,' Mr. Spruell said.
| 5 | A few years ago , Mobil restructured the entire company during an industrywide shakeout . | restructured | Why did Mobil restructure the entire company? | 6 | 7 |
654 | 202 | 1 Congress sent to President Bush an $8.5 billion military construction bill that cuts spending for new installations by 16% while revamping the Pentagon budget to move more than $450 million from foreign bases to home-state projects.
2 The fiscal 1990 measure builds on a pattern set earlier this year by House and Senate defense authorizing committees, and -- at a time of retrenchment for the military and concern about the U.S.'s standing in the world economy -- overseas spending is most vulnerable.
3 Total Pentagon requests for installations in West Germany, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the Philippines, for example, are cut by almost two-thirds, while lawmakers added to the military budget for construction in all but a dozen states at home.
4 The result is that instead of the Pentagon's proposed split of 60-40 between domestic and foreign bases, the reduced funding is distributed by a ratio of approximately 70-30.
5 The extra margin for bases in the U.S. enhances the power of the appropriations committees; meanwhile, lawmakers used their positions to garner as much as six times what the Pentagon had requested for their individual states.
6 House Appropriations Committee Chairman Jamie Whitten (D., Miss.) helped secure $49.7 million for his state, or more than double the Pentagon's budget.
7 West Virginia, home of Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Robert Byrd, would receive $21.5 million -- four times the military's request.
8 Tennessee and North Carolina, home states of the two Democratic chairmen of the House and Senate military construction subcommittees, receive $243.2 million, or 25% above the Pentagon's request.
9 Though spending for Iowa and Oregon was far less, their increases above Pentagon requests -- 640% and 430%, respectively -- were much greater because of the influence of Republicans at critical junctures.
10 The swift passage of the bill, which cleared the Senate and House on simple voice votes last week, contrasts with the problems still facing a more cumbersome $66.8 billion measure funding housing, environmental, space and veterans programs.
11 By an 84-6 margin, the Senate approved the bulk of the spending Friday, but the bill was then sent back to the House to resolve the question of how to address budget limits on credit allocations for the Federal Housing Administration.
12 The House Democratic leadership could seek to waive these restrictions, but the underlying bill is already under attack for excesses elsewhere.
13 Appropriations committees have used an assortment of devices to disguise as much as $1 billion in spending, and as critics have awakened to these devices, the bill can seem like a wounded caribou trying to make it past ice and wolves to reach safer winter grazing.
14 Much of the excess spending will be pushed into fiscal 1991, and in some cases is temporarily parked in slow-spending accounts in anticipation of being transferred to faster-spending areas after the budget scorekeeping is completed.
15 For example, a House-Senate conference ostensibly increased the National Aeronautics and Space Administration budget for construction of facilities to nearly $592 million, or more than $200 million above what either chamber had previously approved.
16 Part of the increase would provide $90 million toward ensuring construction of a costly solid rocket-motor facility in Mr. Whitten's Mississippi.
17 But as much as $177 million, or nearly 30% of the account, is marked for potential transfers to research, management and flight accounts that are spent out at a faster clip.
18 The bill's managers face criticism, too, for the unusual number of conditions openly imposed on where funds will be spent.
19 Conservatives, embarrassed by Republican influence-peddling scandals at the Department of Housing and Urban Development, have used the issue in an effort to shift blame onto a Democratic-controlled Congress.
20 HUD Secretary Jack Kemp backed an unsuccessful effort to strike such language last week, but received little support from the White House budget office, which wants to protect space-station funding in the bill and has tended to turn its eyes from pork-barrel amendments.
21 Within discretionary funds for community development grants, more than $3.7 million is allocated to six projects in Michigan, home state of a subcommittee chairman, Rep. Bob Traxler.
22 House Speaker Thomas Foley won $510,000 for a project in his district in Washington state, and $1.3 million, earmarked by Sen. Daniel Inouye, amounts to a business subsidy under the title 'Hawaiian sugar mills job retention.'
23 The powerful Democrat had first wanted to add language relaxing environmental restrictions on two mills on the Hamakua coast that are threatening to close.
24 When this plan met resistance, it was agreed instead to take money from HUD to subsidize needed improvements in two settling ponds for the mills, which employ an estimated 1,500 workers, according to Mr. Inouye's office.
| 1 | Congress sent to President Bush an $ 8 . 5 billion military construction bill that cuts spending for new installations by 16 % while revamping the Pentagon budget to move more than $ 450 million from foreign bases to home - state projects . | Congress sent | Why did congress send this bill? | 0 | 2 |
655 | 202 | 1 Congress sent to President Bush an $8.5 billion military construction bill that cuts spending for new installations by 16% while revamping the Pentagon budget to move more than $450 million from foreign bases to home-state projects.
2 The fiscal 1990 measure builds on a pattern set earlier this year by House and Senate defense authorizing committees, and -- at a time of retrenchment for the military and concern about the U.S.'s standing in the world economy -- overseas spending is most vulnerable.
3 Total Pentagon requests for installations in West Germany, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the Philippines, for example, are cut by almost two-thirds, while lawmakers added to the military budget for construction in all but a dozen states at home.
4 The result is that instead of the Pentagon's proposed split of 60-40 between domestic and foreign bases, the reduced funding is distributed by a ratio of approximately 70-30.
5 The extra margin for bases in the U.S. enhances the power of the appropriations committees; meanwhile, lawmakers used their positions to garner as much as six times what the Pentagon had requested for their individual states.
6 House Appropriations Committee Chairman Jamie Whitten (D., Miss.) helped secure $49.7 million for his state, or more than double the Pentagon's budget.
7 West Virginia, home of Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Robert Byrd, would receive $21.5 million -- four times the military's request.
8 Tennessee and North Carolina, home states of the two Democratic chairmen of the House and Senate military construction subcommittees, receive $243.2 million, or 25% above the Pentagon's request.
9 Though spending for Iowa and Oregon was far less, their increases above Pentagon requests -- 640% and 430%, respectively -- were much greater because of the influence of Republicans at critical junctures.
10 The swift passage of the bill, which cleared the Senate and House on simple voice votes last week, contrasts with the problems still facing a more cumbersome $66.8 billion measure funding housing, environmental, space and veterans programs.
11 By an 84-6 margin, the Senate approved the bulk of the spending Friday, but the bill was then sent back to the House to resolve the question of how to address budget limits on credit allocations for the Federal Housing Administration.
12 The House Democratic leadership could seek to waive these restrictions, but the underlying bill is already under attack for excesses elsewhere.
13 Appropriations committees have used an assortment of devices to disguise as much as $1 billion in spending, and as critics have awakened to these devices, the bill can seem like a wounded caribou trying to make it past ice and wolves to reach safer winter grazing.
14 Much of the excess spending will be pushed into fiscal 1991, and in some cases is temporarily parked in slow-spending accounts in anticipation of being transferred to faster-spending areas after the budget scorekeeping is completed.
15 For example, a House-Senate conference ostensibly increased the National Aeronautics and Space Administration budget for construction of facilities to nearly $592 million, or more than $200 million above what either chamber had previously approved.
16 Part of the increase would provide $90 million toward ensuring construction of a costly solid rocket-motor facility in Mr. Whitten's Mississippi.
17 But as much as $177 million, or nearly 30% of the account, is marked for potential transfers to research, management and flight accounts that are spent out at a faster clip.
18 The bill's managers face criticism, too, for the unusual number of conditions openly imposed on where funds will be spent.
19 Conservatives, embarrassed by Republican influence-peddling scandals at the Department of Housing and Urban Development, have used the issue in an effort to shift blame onto a Democratic-controlled Congress.
20 HUD Secretary Jack Kemp backed an unsuccessful effort to strike such language last week, but received little support from the White House budget office, which wants to protect space-station funding in the bill and has tended to turn its eyes from pork-barrel amendments.
21 Within discretionary funds for community development grants, more than $3.7 million is allocated to six projects in Michigan, home state of a subcommittee chairman, Rep. Bob Traxler.
22 House Speaker Thomas Foley won $510,000 for a project in his district in Washington state, and $1.3 million, earmarked by Sen. Daniel Inouye, amounts to a business subsidy under the title 'Hawaiian sugar mills job retention.'
23 The powerful Democrat had first wanted to add language relaxing environmental restrictions on two mills on the Hamakua coast that are threatening to close.
24 When this plan met resistance, it was agreed instead to take money from HUD to subsidize needed improvements in two settling ponds for the mills, which employ an estimated 1,500 workers, according to Mr. Inouye's office.
| 2 | The fiscal 1990 measure builds on a pattern set earlier this year by House and Senate defense authorizing committees , and - - at a time of retrenchment for the military and concern about the U . S . ' s standing in the world economy - - overseas spending is most vulnerable . | vulnerable | why is it vulnerable? | 52 | 53 |
656 | 202 | 1 Congress sent to President Bush an $8.5 billion military construction bill that cuts spending for new installations by 16% while revamping the Pentagon budget to move more than $450 million from foreign bases to home-state projects.
2 The fiscal 1990 measure builds on a pattern set earlier this year by House and Senate defense authorizing committees, and -- at a time of retrenchment for the military and concern about the U.S.'s standing in the world economy -- overseas spending is most vulnerable.
3 Total Pentagon requests for installations in West Germany, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the Philippines, for example, are cut by almost two-thirds, while lawmakers added to the military budget for construction in all but a dozen states at home.
4 The result is that instead of the Pentagon's proposed split of 60-40 between domestic and foreign bases, the reduced funding is distributed by a ratio of approximately 70-30.
5 The extra margin for bases in the U.S. enhances the power of the appropriations committees; meanwhile, lawmakers used their positions to garner as much as six times what the Pentagon had requested for their individual states.
6 House Appropriations Committee Chairman Jamie Whitten (D., Miss.) helped secure $49.7 million for his state, or more than double the Pentagon's budget.
7 West Virginia, home of Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Robert Byrd, would receive $21.5 million -- four times the military's request.
8 Tennessee and North Carolina, home states of the two Democratic chairmen of the House and Senate military construction subcommittees, receive $243.2 million, or 25% above the Pentagon's request.
9 Though spending for Iowa and Oregon was far less, their increases above Pentagon requests -- 640% and 430%, respectively -- were much greater because of the influence of Republicans at critical junctures.
10 The swift passage of the bill, which cleared the Senate and House on simple voice votes last week, contrasts with the problems still facing a more cumbersome $66.8 billion measure funding housing, environmental, space and veterans programs.
11 By an 84-6 margin, the Senate approved the bulk of the spending Friday, but the bill was then sent back to the House to resolve the question of how to address budget limits on credit allocations for the Federal Housing Administration.
12 The House Democratic leadership could seek to waive these restrictions, but the underlying bill is already under attack for excesses elsewhere.
13 Appropriations committees have used an assortment of devices to disguise as much as $1 billion in spending, and as critics have awakened to these devices, the bill can seem like a wounded caribou trying to make it past ice and wolves to reach safer winter grazing.
14 Much of the excess spending will be pushed into fiscal 1991, and in some cases is temporarily parked in slow-spending accounts in anticipation of being transferred to faster-spending areas after the budget scorekeeping is completed.
15 For example, a House-Senate conference ostensibly increased the National Aeronautics and Space Administration budget for construction of facilities to nearly $592 million, or more than $200 million above what either chamber had previously approved.
16 Part of the increase would provide $90 million toward ensuring construction of a costly solid rocket-motor facility in Mr. Whitten's Mississippi.
17 But as much as $177 million, or nearly 30% of the account, is marked for potential transfers to research, management and flight accounts that are spent out at a faster clip.
18 The bill's managers face criticism, too, for the unusual number of conditions openly imposed on where funds will be spent.
19 Conservatives, embarrassed by Republican influence-peddling scandals at the Department of Housing and Urban Development, have used the issue in an effort to shift blame onto a Democratic-controlled Congress.
20 HUD Secretary Jack Kemp backed an unsuccessful effort to strike such language last week, but received little support from the White House budget office, which wants to protect space-station funding in the bill and has tended to turn its eyes from pork-barrel amendments.
21 Within discretionary funds for community development grants, more than $3.7 million is allocated to six projects in Michigan, home state of a subcommittee chairman, Rep. Bob Traxler.
22 House Speaker Thomas Foley won $510,000 for a project in his district in Washington state, and $1.3 million, earmarked by Sen. Daniel Inouye, amounts to a business subsidy under the title 'Hawaiian sugar mills job retention.'
23 The powerful Democrat had first wanted to add language relaxing environmental restrictions on two mills on the Hamakua coast that are threatening to close.
24 When this plan met resistance, it was agreed instead to take money from HUD to subsidize needed improvements in two settling ponds for the mills, which employ an estimated 1,500 workers, according to Mr. Inouye's office.
| 2 | The fiscal 1990 measure builds on a pattern set earlier this year by House and Senate defense authorizing committees , and - - at a time of retrenchment for the military and concern about the U . S . ' s standing in the world economy - - overseas spending is most vulnerable . | at a time of retrenchment for the military | Why is the military retrenching? | 23 | 31 |
657 | 202 | 1 Congress sent to President Bush an $8.5 billion military construction bill that cuts spending for new installations by 16% while revamping the Pentagon budget to move more than $450 million from foreign bases to home-state projects.
2 The fiscal 1990 measure builds on a pattern set earlier this year by House and Senate defense authorizing committees, and -- at a time of retrenchment for the military and concern about the U.S.'s standing in the world economy -- overseas spending is most vulnerable.
3 Total Pentagon requests for installations in West Germany, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the Philippines, for example, are cut by almost two-thirds, while lawmakers added to the military budget for construction in all but a dozen states at home.
4 The result is that instead of the Pentagon's proposed split of 60-40 between domestic and foreign bases, the reduced funding is distributed by a ratio of approximately 70-30.
5 The extra margin for bases in the U.S. enhances the power of the appropriations committees; meanwhile, lawmakers used their positions to garner as much as six times what the Pentagon had requested for their individual states.
6 House Appropriations Committee Chairman Jamie Whitten (D., Miss.) helped secure $49.7 million for his state, or more than double the Pentagon's budget.
7 West Virginia, home of Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Robert Byrd, would receive $21.5 million -- four times the military's request.
8 Tennessee and North Carolina, home states of the two Democratic chairmen of the House and Senate military construction subcommittees, receive $243.2 million, or 25% above the Pentagon's request.
9 Though spending for Iowa and Oregon was far less, their increases above Pentagon requests -- 640% and 430%, respectively -- were much greater because of the influence of Republicans at critical junctures.
10 The swift passage of the bill, which cleared the Senate and House on simple voice votes last week, contrasts with the problems still facing a more cumbersome $66.8 billion measure funding housing, environmental, space and veterans programs.
11 By an 84-6 margin, the Senate approved the bulk of the spending Friday, but the bill was then sent back to the House to resolve the question of how to address budget limits on credit allocations for the Federal Housing Administration.
12 The House Democratic leadership could seek to waive these restrictions, but the underlying bill is already under attack for excesses elsewhere.
13 Appropriations committees have used an assortment of devices to disguise as much as $1 billion in spending, and as critics have awakened to these devices, the bill can seem like a wounded caribou trying to make it past ice and wolves to reach safer winter grazing.
14 Much of the excess spending will be pushed into fiscal 1991, and in some cases is temporarily parked in slow-spending accounts in anticipation of being transferred to faster-spending areas after the budget scorekeeping is completed.
15 For example, a House-Senate conference ostensibly increased the National Aeronautics and Space Administration budget for construction of facilities to nearly $592 million, or more than $200 million above what either chamber had previously approved.
16 Part of the increase would provide $90 million toward ensuring construction of a costly solid rocket-motor facility in Mr. Whitten's Mississippi.
17 But as much as $177 million, or nearly 30% of the account, is marked for potential transfers to research, management and flight accounts that are spent out at a faster clip.
18 The bill's managers face criticism, too, for the unusual number of conditions openly imposed on where funds will be spent.
19 Conservatives, embarrassed by Republican influence-peddling scandals at the Department of Housing and Urban Development, have used the issue in an effort to shift blame onto a Democratic-controlled Congress.
20 HUD Secretary Jack Kemp backed an unsuccessful effort to strike such language last week, but received little support from the White House budget office, which wants to protect space-station funding in the bill and has tended to turn its eyes from pork-barrel amendments.
21 Within discretionary funds for community development grants, more than $3.7 million is allocated to six projects in Michigan, home state of a subcommittee chairman, Rep. Bob Traxler.
22 House Speaker Thomas Foley won $510,000 for a project in his district in Washington state, and $1.3 million, earmarked by Sen. Daniel Inouye, amounts to a business subsidy under the title 'Hawaiian sugar mills job retention.'
23 The powerful Democrat had first wanted to add language relaxing environmental restrictions on two mills on the Hamakua coast that are threatening to close.
24 When this plan met resistance, it was agreed instead to take money from HUD to subsidize needed improvements in two settling ponds for the mills, which employ an estimated 1,500 workers, according to Mr. Inouye's office.
| 3 | Total Pentagon requests for installations in West Germany , Japan , South Korea , the United Kingdom and the Philippines , for example , are cut by almost two - thirds , while lawmakers added to the military budget for construction in all but a dozen states at home . | lawmakers added to the military budget | Which lawmakers added to the budget? | 33 | 39 |
658 | 202 | 1 Congress sent to President Bush an $8.5 billion military construction bill that cuts spending for new installations by 16% while revamping the Pentagon budget to move more than $450 million from foreign bases to home-state projects.
2 The fiscal 1990 measure builds on a pattern set earlier this year by House and Senate defense authorizing committees, and -- at a time of retrenchment for the military and concern about the U.S.'s standing in the world economy -- overseas spending is most vulnerable.
3 Total Pentagon requests for installations in West Germany, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the Philippines, for example, are cut by almost two-thirds, while lawmakers added to the military budget for construction in all but a dozen states at home.
4 The result is that instead of the Pentagon's proposed split of 60-40 between domestic and foreign bases, the reduced funding is distributed by a ratio of approximately 70-30.
5 The extra margin for bases in the U.S. enhances the power of the appropriations committees; meanwhile, lawmakers used their positions to garner as much as six times what the Pentagon had requested for their individual states.
6 House Appropriations Committee Chairman Jamie Whitten (D., Miss.) helped secure $49.7 million for his state, or more than double the Pentagon's budget.
7 West Virginia, home of Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Robert Byrd, would receive $21.5 million -- four times the military's request.
8 Tennessee and North Carolina, home states of the two Democratic chairmen of the House and Senate military construction subcommittees, receive $243.2 million, or 25% above the Pentagon's request.
9 Though spending for Iowa and Oregon was far less, their increases above Pentagon requests -- 640% and 430%, respectively -- were much greater because of the influence of Republicans at critical junctures.
10 The swift passage of the bill, which cleared the Senate and House on simple voice votes last week, contrasts with the problems still facing a more cumbersome $66.8 billion measure funding housing, environmental, space and veterans programs.
11 By an 84-6 margin, the Senate approved the bulk of the spending Friday, but the bill was then sent back to the House to resolve the question of how to address budget limits on credit allocations for the Federal Housing Administration.
12 The House Democratic leadership could seek to waive these restrictions, but the underlying bill is already under attack for excesses elsewhere.
13 Appropriations committees have used an assortment of devices to disguise as much as $1 billion in spending, and as critics have awakened to these devices, the bill can seem like a wounded caribou trying to make it past ice and wolves to reach safer winter grazing.
14 Much of the excess spending will be pushed into fiscal 1991, and in some cases is temporarily parked in slow-spending accounts in anticipation of being transferred to faster-spending areas after the budget scorekeeping is completed.
15 For example, a House-Senate conference ostensibly increased the National Aeronautics and Space Administration budget for construction of facilities to nearly $592 million, or more than $200 million above what either chamber had previously approved.
16 Part of the increase would provide $90 million toward ensuring construction of a costly solid rocket-motor facility in Mr. Whitten's Mississippi.
17 But as much as $177 million, or nearly 30% of the account, is marked for potential transfers to research, management and flight accounts that are spent out at a faster clip.
18 The bill's managers face criticism, too, for the unusual number of conditions openly imposed on where funds will be spent.
19 Conservatives, embarrassed by Republican influence-peddling scandals at the Department of Housing and Urban Development, have used the issue in an effort to shift blame onto a Democratic-controlled Congress.
20 HUD Secretary Jack Kemp backed an unsuccessful effort to strike such language last week, but received little support from the White House budget office, which wants to protect space-station funding in the bill and has tended to turn its eyes from pork-barrel amendments.
21 Within discretionary funds for community development grants, more than $3.7 million is allocated to six projects in Michigan, home state of a subcommittee chairman, Rep. Bob Traxler.
22 House Speaker Thomas Foley won $510,000 for a project in his district in Washington state, and $1.3 million, earmarked by Sen. Daniel Inouye, amounts to a business subsidy under the title 'Hawaiian sugar mills job retention.'
23 The powerful Democrat had first wanted to add language relaxing environmental restrictions on two mills on the Hamakua coast that are threatening to close.
24 When this plan met resistance, it was agreed instead to take money from HUD to subsidize needed improvements in two settling ponds for the mills, which employ an estimated 1,500 workers, according to Mr. Inouye's office.
| 3 | Total Pentagon requests for installations in West Germany , Japan , South Korea , the United Kingdom and the Philippines , for example , are cut by almost two - thirds , while lawmakers added to the military budget for construction in all but a dozen states at home . | are cut by almost two - thirds , | How is this effecting our foreign relations with these countries? | 24 | 32 |
659 | 202 | 1 Congress sent to President Bush an $8.5 billion military construction bill that cuts spending for new installations by 16% while revamping the Pentagon budget to move more than $450 million from foreign bases to home-state projects.
2 The fiscal 1990 measure builds on a pattern set earlier this year by House and Senate defense authorizing committees, and -- at a time of retrenchment for the military and concern about the U.S.'s standing in the world economy -- overseas spending is most vulnerable.
3 Total Pentagon requests for installations in West Germany, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the Philippines, for example, are cut by almost two-thirds, while lawmakers added to the military budget for construction in all but a dozen states at home.
4 The result is that instead of the Pentagon's proposed split of 60-40 between domestic and foreign bases, the reduced funding is distributed by a ratio of approximately 70-30.
5 The extra margin for bases in the U.S. enhances the power of the appropriations committees; meanwhile, lawmakers used their positions to garner as much as six times what the Pentagon had requested for their individual states.
6 House Appropriations Committee Chairman Jamie Whitten (D., Miss.) helped secure $49.7 million for his state, or more than double the Pentagon's budget.
7 West Virginia, home of Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Robert Byrd, would receive $21.5 million -- four times the military's request.
8 Tennessee and North Carolina, home states of the two Democratic chairmen of the House and Senate military construction subcommittees, receive $243.2 million, or 25% above the Pentagon's request.
9 Though spending for Iowa and Oregon was far less, their increases above Pentagon requests -- 640% and 430%, respectively -- were much greater because of the influence of Republicans at critical junctures.
10 The swift passage of the bill, which cleared the Senate and House on simple voice votes last week, contrasts with the problems still facing a more cumbersome $66.8 billion measure funding housing, environmental, space and veterans programs.
11 By an 84-6 margin, the Senate approved the bulk of the spending Friday, but the bill was then sent back to the House to resolve the question of how to address budget limits on credit allocations for the Federal Housing Administration.
12 The House Democratic leadership could seek to waive these restrictions, but the underlying bill is already under attack for excesses elsewhere.
13 Appropriations committees have used an assortment of devices to disguise as much as $1 billion in spending, and as critics have awakened to these devices, the bill can seem like a wounded caribou trying to make it past ice and wolves to reach safer winter grazing.
14 Much of the excess spending will be pushed into fiscal 1991, and in some cases is temporarily parked in slow-spending accounts in anticipation of being transferred to faster-spending areas after the budget scorekeeping is completed.
15 For example, a House-Senate conference ostensibly increased the National Aeronautics and Space Administration budget for construction of facilities to nearly $592 million, or more than $200 million above what either chamber had previously approved.
16 Part of the increase would provide $90 million toward ensuring construction of a costly solid rocket-motor facility in Mr. Whitten's Mississippi.
17 But as much as $177 million, or nearly 30% of the account, is marked for potential transfers to research, management and flight accounts that are spent out at a faster clip.
18 The bill's managers face criticism, too, for the unusual number of conditions openly imposed on where funds will be spent.
19 Conservatives, embarrassed by Republican influence-peddling scandals at the Department of Housing and Urban Development, have used the issue in an effort to shift blame onto a Democratic-controlled Congress.
20 HUD Secretary Jack Kemp backed an unsuccessful effort to strike such language last week, but received little support from the White House budget office, which wants to protect space-station funding in the bill and has tended to turn its eyes from pork-barrel amendments.
21 Within discretionary funds for community development grants, more than $3.7 million is allocated to six projects in Michigan, home state of a subcommittee chairman, Rep. Bob Traxler.
22 House Speaker Thomas Foley won $510,000 for a project in his district in Washington state, and $1.3 million, earmarked by Sen. Daniel Inouye, amounts to a business subsidy under the title 'Hawaiian sugar mills job retention.'
23 The powerful Democrat had first wanted to add language relaxing environmental restrictions on two mills on the Hamakua coast that are threatening to close.
24 When this plan met resistance, it was agreed instead to take money from HUD to subsidize needed improvements in two settling ponds for the mills, which employ an estimated 1,500 workers, according to Mr. Inouye's office.
| 4 | The result is that instead of the Pentagon ' s proposed split of 60 - 40 between domestic and foreign bases , the reduced funding is distributed by a ratio of approximately 70 - 30 . | approximately 70 - 30 | is this change good? | 31 | 35 |
660 | 202 | 1 Congress sent to President Bush an $8.5 billion military construction bill that cuts spending for new installations by 16% while revamping the Pentagon budget to move more than $450 million from foreign bases to home-state projects.
2 The fiscal 1990 measure builds on a pattern set earlier this year by House and Senate defense authorizing committees, and -- at a time of retrenchment for the military and concern about the U.S.'s standing in the world economy -- overseas spending is most vulnerable.
3 Total Pentagon requests for installations in West Germany, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the Philippines, for example, are cut by almost two-thirds, while lawmakers added to the military budget for construction in all but a dozen states at home.
4 The result is that instead of the Pentagon's proposed split of 60-40 between domestic and foreign bases, the reduced funding is distributed by a ratio of approximately 70-30.
5 The extra margin for bases in the U.S. enhances the power of the appropriations committees; meanwhile, lawmakers used their positions to garner as much as six times what the Pentagon had requested for their individual states.
6 House Appropriations Committee Chairman Jamie Whitten (D., Miss.) helped secure $49.7 million for his state, or more than double the Pentagon's budget.
7 West Virginia, home of Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Robert Byrd, would receive $21.5 million -- four times the military's request.
8 Tennessee and North Carolina, home states of the two Democratic chairmen of the House and Senate military construction subcommittees, receive $243.2 million, or 25% above the Pentagon's request.
9 Though spending for Iowa and Oregon was far less, their increases above Pentagon requests -- 640% and 430%, respectively -- were much greater because of the influence of Republicans at critical junctures.
10 The swift passage of the bill, which cleared the Senate and House on simple voice votes last week, contrasts with the problems still facing a more cumbersome $66.8 billion measure funding housing, environmental, space and veterans programs.
11 By an 84-6 margin, the Senate approved the bulk of the spending Friday, but the bill was then sent back to the House to resolve the question of how to address budget limits on credit allocations for the Federal Housing Administration.
12 The House Democratic leadership could seek to waive these restrictions, but the underlying bill is already under attack for excesses elsewhere.
13 Appropriations committees have used an assortment of devices to disguise as much as $1 billion in spending, and as critics have awakened to these devices, the bill can seem like a wounded caribou trying to make it past ice and wolves to reach safer winter grazing.
14 Much of the excess spending will be pushed into fiscal 1991, and in some cases is temporarily parked in slow-spending accounts in anticipation of being transferred to faster-spending areas after the budget scorekeeping is completed.
15 For example, a House-Senate conference ostensibly increased the National Aeronautics and Space Administration budget for construction of facilities to nearly $592 million, or more than $200 million above what either chamber had previously approved.
16 Part of the increase would provide $90 million toward ensuring construction of a costly solid rocket-motor facility in Mr. Whitten's Mississippi.
17 But as much as $177 million, or nearly 30% of the account, is marked for potential transfers to research, management and flight accounts that are spent out at a faster clip.
18 The bill's managers face criticism, too, for the unusual number of conditions openly imposed on where funds will be spent.
19 Conservatives, embarrassed by Republican influence-peddling scandals at the Department of Housing and Urban Development, have used the issue in an effort to shift blame onto a Democratic-controlled Congress.
20 HUD Secretary Jack Kemp backed an unsuccessful effort to strike such language last week, but received little support from the White House budget office, which wants to protect space-station funding in the bill and has tended to turn its eyes from pork-barrel amendments.
21 Within discretionary funds for community development grants, more than $3.7 million is allocated to six projects in Michigan, home state of a subcommittee chairman, Rep. Bob Traxler.
22 House Speaker Thomas Foley won $510,000 for a project in his district in Washington state, and $1.3 million, earmarked by Sen. Daniel Inouye, amounts to a business subsidy under the title 'Hawaiian sugar mills job retention.'
23 The powerful Democrat had first wanted to add language relaxing environmental restrictions on two mills on the Hamakua coast that are threatening to close.
24 When this plan met resistance, it was agreed instead to take money from HUD to subsidize needed improvements in two settling ponds for the mills, which employ an estimated 1,500 workers, according to Mr. Inouye's office.
| 5 | The extra margin for bases in the U . S . enhances the power of the appropriations committees ; meanwhile , lawmakers used their positions to garner as much as six times what the Pentagon had requested for their individual states . | six times | how did they garner so much? | 30 | 32 |
661 | 202 | 1 Congress sent to President Bush an $8.5 billion military construction bill that cuts spending for new installations by 16% while revamping the Pentagon budget to move more than $450 million from foreign bases to home-state projects.
2 The fiscal 1990 measure builds on a pattern set earlier this year by House and Senate defense authorizing committees, and -- at a time of retrenchment for the military and concern about the U.S.'s standing in the world economy -- overseas spending is most vulnerable.
3 Total Pentagon requests for installations in West Germany, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the Philippines, for example, are cut by almost two-thirds, while lawmakers added to the military budget for construction in all but a dozen states at home.
4 The result is that instead of the Pentagon's proposed split of 60-40 between domestic and foreign bases, the reduced funding is distributed by a ratio of approximately 70-30.
5 The extra margin for bases in the U.S. enhances the power of the appropriations committees; meanwhile, lawmakers used their positions to garner as much as six times what the Pentagon had requested for their individual states.
6 House Appropriations Committee Chairman Jamie Whitten (D., Miss.) helped secure $49.7 million for his state, or more than double the Pentagon's budget.
7 West Virginia, home of Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Robert Byrd, would receive $21.5 million -- four times the military's request.
8 Tennessee and North Carolina, home states of the two Democratic chairmen of the House and Senate military construction subcommittees, receive $243.2 million, or 25% above the Pentagon's request.
9 Though spending for Iowa and Oregon was far less, their increases above Pentagon requests -- 640% and 430%, respectively -- were much greater because of the influence of Republicans at critical junctures.
10 The swift passage of the bill, which cleared the Senate and House on simple voice votes last week, contrasts with the problems still facing a more cumbersome $66.8 billion measure funding housing, environmental, space and veterans programs.
11 By an 84-6 margin, the Senate approved the bulk of the spending Friday, but the bill was then sent back to the House to resolve the question of how to address budget limits on credit allocations for the Federal Housing Administration.
12 The House Democratic leadership could seek to waive these restrictions, but the underlying bill is already under attack for excesses elsewhere.
13 Appropriations committees have used an assortment of devices to disguise as much as $1 billion in spending, and as critics have awakened to these devices, the bill can seem like a wounded caribou trying to make it past ice and wolves to reach safer winter grazing.
14 Much of the excess spending will be pushed into fiscal 1991, and in some cases is temporarily parked in slow-spending accounts in anticipation of being transferred to faster-spending areas after the budget scorekeeping is completed.
15 For example, a House-Senate conference ostensibly increased the National Aeronautics and Space Administration budget for construction of facilities to nearly $592 million, or more than $200 million above what either chamber had previously approved.
16 Part of the increase would provide $90 million toward ensuring construction of a costly solid rocket-motor facility in Mr. Whitten's Mississippi.
17 But as much as $177 million, or nearly 30% of the account, is marked for potential transfers to research, management and flight accounts that are spent out at a faster clip.
18 The bill's managers face criticism, too, for the unusual number of conditions openly imposed on where funds will be spent.
19 Conservatives, embarrassed by Republican influence-peddling scandals at the Department of Housing and Urban Development, have used the issue in an effort to shift blame onto a Democratic-controlled Congress.
20 HUD Secretary Jack Kemp backed an unsuccessful effort to strike such language last week, but received little support from the White House budget office, which wants to protect space-station funding in the bill and has tended to turn its eyes from pork-barrel amendments.
21 Within discretionary funds for community development grants, more than $3.7 million is allocated to six projects in Michigan, home state of a subcommittee chairman, Rep. Bob Traxler.
22 House Speaker Thomas Foley won $510,000 for a project in his district in Washington state, and $1.3 million, earmarked by Sen. Daniel Inouye, amounts to a business subsidy under the title 'Hawaiian sugar mills job retention.'
23 The powerful Democrat had first wanted to add language relaxing environmental restrictions on two mills on the Hamakua coast that are threatening to close.
24 When this plan met resistance, it was agreed instead to take money from HUD to subsidize needed improvements in two settling ponds for the mills, which employ an estimated 1,500 workers, according to Mr. Inouye's office.
| 5 | The extra margin for bases in the U . S . enhances the power of the appropriations committees ; meanwhile , lawmakers used their positions to garner as much as six times what the Pentagon had requested for their individual states . | appropriations committees ; | What are the appropriations committees? | 16 | 19 |
662 | 203 | 1 A frozen mountaintop in Tibet may offer an important clue about whether the Earth is warming perilously.
2 Researchers at Ohio State University and Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology in China have analyzed samples of glacial ice in Tibet and say temperatures there have been significantly higher on average over the past half-century than in any similar period in the past 10,000 years.
3 The ice samples are an important piece of evidence supporting theories that the Earth has warmed considerably in recent times, largely because of pollutants in the air, and will warm far more in the century ahead.
4 A substantial warming would melt some of the Earth's polar ice caps, raising the level of the oceans and causing widespread flooding of heavily populated coastal areas.
5 'If you can use data to reconstruct what happened in the past, you have much more confidence in predictions for the future,' said Lonnie Thompson, a research scientist at Ohio State who dug for and analyzed the ice samples.
6 To compare temperatures over the past 10,000 years, researchers analyzed the changes in concentrations of two forms of oxygen.
7 These measurements can indicate temperature changes, researchers said, because the rates of evaporation of these oxygen atoms differ as temperatures change.
8 Analysis of ice from the Dunde ice cap, a glacial plateau in Tibet 17,000 feet above sea level, show that average temperatures were higher in 1937-87 than in any other 50-year period since before the last Ice Age, Mr. Thompson said.
9 Some climate models project that interior regions of Asia would be among the first to heat up in a global warming because they are far from oceans, which moderate temperature changes.
10 But the ice-core samples aren't definitive proof that the so-called greenhouse effect will lead to further substantial global heating, Mr. Thompson acknowledged.
11 According to greenhouse theories, increased carbon dioxide emissions, largely caused by burning of fossil fuels, will cause the Earth to warm up because carbon dioxide prevents heat from escaping into space.
12 Skeptics say that if that's the case, temperatures should have risen fairly uniformly over the past century, reflecting the increase in carbon dioxide.
13 Instead, the Dunde ice-core record shows increasing temperatures from 1900 through the early 1950s, decreasing temperatures from the late 1950s through the mid-1970s, then higher temperatures again through last year.
14 Other temperature data show similar unexplained swings.
15 'Climate varies drastically due to natural causes,' said Mr. Thompson.
16 But he said ice samples from Peru, Greenland and Antarctica all show substantial signs of warming.
| 1 | A frozen mountaintop in Tibet may offer an important clue about whether the Earth is warming perilously . | important clue | what is the clue? | 8 | 10 |
663 | 203 | 1 A frozen mountaintop in Tibet may offer an important clue about whether the Earth is warming perilously.
2 Researchers at Ohio State University and Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology in China have analyzed samples of glacial ice in Tibet and say temperatures there have been significantly higher on average over the past half-century than in any similar period in the past 10,000 years.
3 The ice samples are an important piece of evidence supporting theories that the Earth has warmed considerably in recent times, largely because of pollutants in the air, and will warm far more in the century ahead.
4 A substantial warming would melt some of the Earth's polar ice caps, raising the level of the oceans and causing widespread flooding of heavily populated coastal areas.
5 'If you can use data to reconstruct what happened in the past, you have much more confidence in predictions for the future,' said Lonnie Thompson, a research scientist at Ohio State who dug for and analyzed the ice samples.
6 To compare temperatures over the past 10,000 years, researchers analyzed the changes in concentrations of two forms of oxygen.
7 These measurements can indicate temperature changes, researchers said, because the rates of evaporation of these oxygen atoms differ as temperatures change.
8 Analysis of ice from the Dunde ice cap, a glacial plateau in Tibet 17,000 feet above sea level, show that average temperatures were higher in 1937-87 than in any other 50-year period since before the last Ice Age, Mr. Thompson said.
9 Some climate models project that interior regions of Asia would be among the first to heat up in a global warming because they are far from oceans, which moderate temperature changes.
10 But the ice-core samples aren't definitive proof that the so-called greenhouse effect will lead to further substantial global heating, Mr. Thompson acknowledged.
11 According to greenhouse theories, increased carbon dioxide emissions, largely caused by burning of fossil fuels, will cause the Earth to warm up because carbon dioxide prevents heat from escaping into space.
12 Skeptics say that if that's the case, temperatures should have risen fairly uniformly over the past century, reflecting the increase in carbon dioxide.
13 Instead, the Dunde ice-core record shows increasing temperatures from 1900 through the early 1950s, decreasing temperatures from the late 1950s through the mid-1970s, then higher temperatures again through last year.
14 Other temperature data show similar unexplained swings.
15 'Climate varies drastically due to natural causes,' said Mr. Thompson.
16 But he said ice samples from Peru, Greenland and Antarctica all show substantial signs of warming.
| 1 | A frozen mountaintop in Tibet may offer an important clue about whether the Earth is warming perilously . | mountaintop | which mountain? | 2 | 3 |
664 | 203 | 1 A frozen mountaintop in Tibet may offer an important clue about whether the Earth is warming perilously.
2 Researchers at Ohio State University and Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology in China have analyzed samples of glacial ice in Tibet and say temperatures there have been significantly higher on average over the past half-century than in any similar period in the past 10,000 years.
3 The ice samples are an important piece of evidence supporting theories that the Earth has warmed considerably in recent times, largely because of pollutants in the air, and will warm far more in the century ahead.
4 A substantial warming would melt some of the Earth's polar ice caps, raising the level of the oceans and causing widespread flooding of heavily populated coastal areas.
5 'If you can use data to reconstruct what happened in the past, you have much more confidence in predictions for the future,' said Lonnie Thompson, a research scientist at Ohio State who dug for and analyzed the ice samples.
6 To compare temperatures over the past 10,000 years, researchers analyzed the changes in concentrations of two forms of oxygen.
7 These measurements can indicate temperature changes, researchers said, because the rates of evaporation of these oxygen atoms differ as temperatures change.
8 Analysis of ice from the Dunde ice cap, a glacial plateau in Tibet 17,000 feet above sea level, show that average temperatures were higher in 1937-87 than in any other 50-year period since before the last Ice Age, Mr. Thompson said.
9 Some climate models project that interior regions of Asia would be among the first to heat up in a global warming because they are far from oceans, which moderate temperature changes.
10 But the ice-core samples aren't definitive proof that the so-called greenhouse effect will lead to further substantial global heating, Mr. Thompson acknowledged.
11 According to greenhouse theories, increased carbon dioxide emissions, largely caused by burning of fossil fuels, will cause the Earth to warm up because carbon dioxide prevents heat from escaping into space.
12 Skeptics say that if that's the case, temperatures should have risen fairly uniformly over the past century, reflecting the increase in carbon dioxide.
13 Instead, the Dunde ice-core record shows increasing temperatures from 1900 through the early 1950s, decreasing temperatures from the late 1950s through the mid-1970s, then higher temperatures again through last year.
14 Other temperature data show similar unexplained swings.
15 'Climate varies drastically due to natural causes,' said Mr. Thompson.
16 But he said ice samples from Peru, Greenland and Antarctica all show substantial signs of warming.
| 1 | A frozen mountaintop in Tibet may offer an important clue about whether the Earth is warming perilously . | frozen mountaintop in Tibet | What is the name of the mountaintop? | 1 | 5 |
665 | 203 | 1 A frozen mountaintop in Tibet may offer an important clue about whether the Earth is warming perilously.
2 Researchers at Ohio State University and Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology in China have analyzed samples of glacial ice in Tibet and say temperatures there have been significantly higher on average over the past half-century than in any similar period in the past 10,000 years.
3 The ice samples are an important piece of evidence supporting theories that the Earth has warmed considerably in recent times, largely because of pollutants in the air, and will warm far more in the century ahead.
4 A substantial warming would melt some of the Earth's polar ice caps, raising the level of the oceans and causing widespread flooding of heavily populated coastal areas.
5 'If you can use data to reconstruct what happened in the past, you have much more confidence in predictions for the future,' said Lonnie Thompson, a research scientist at Ohio State who dug for and analyzed the ice samples.
6 To compare temperatures over the past 10,000 years, researchers analyzed the changes in concentrations of two forms of oxygen.
7 These measurements can indicate temperature changes, researchers said, because the rates of evaporation of these oxygen atoms differ as temperatures change.
8 Analysis of ice from the Dunde ice cap, a glacial plateau in Tibet 17,000 feet above sea level, show that average temperatures were higher in 1937-87 than in any other 50-year period since before the last Ice Age, Mr. Thompson said.
9 Some climate models project that interior regions of Asia would be among the first to heat up in a global warming because they are far from oceans, which moderate temperature changes.
10 But the ice-core samples aren't definitive proof that the so-called greenhouse effect will lead to further substantial global heating, Mr. Thompson acknowledged.
11 According to greenhouse theories, increased carbon dioxide emissions, largely caused by burning of fossil fuels, will cause the Earth to warm up because carbon dioxide prevents heat from escaping into space.
12 Skeptics say that if that's the case, temperatures should have risen fairly uniformly over the past century, reflecting the increase in carbon dioxide.
13 Instead, the Dunde ice-core record shows increasing temperatures from 1900 through the early 1950s, decreasing temperatures from the late 1950s through the mid-1970s, then higher temperatures again through last year.
14 Other temperature data show similar unexplained swings.
15 'Climate varies drastically due to natural causes,' said Mr. Thompson.
16 But he said ice samples from Peru, Greenland and Antarctica all show substantial signs of warming.
| 1 | A frozen mountaintop in Tibet may offer an important clue about whether the Earth is warming perilously . | warming | What does a frozen mountaintop have to do with the Earth warming? | 15 | 16 |
666 | 203 | 1 A frozen mountaintop in Tibet may offer an important clue about whether the Earth is warming perilously.
2 Researchers at Ohio State University and Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology in China have analyzed samples of glacial ice in Tibet and say temperatures there have been significantly higher on average over the past half-century than in any similar period in the past 10,000 years.
3 The ice samples are an important piece of evidence supporting theories that the Earth has warmed considerably in recent times, largely because of pollutants in the air, and will warm far more in the century ahead.
4 A substantial warming would melt some of the Earth's polar ice caps, raising the level of the oceans and causing widespread flooding of heavily populated coastal areas.
5 'If you can use data to reconstruct what happened in the past, you have much more confidence in predictions for the future,' said Lonnie Thompson, a research scientist at Ohio State who dug for and analyzed the ice samples.
6 To compare temperatures over the past 10,000 years, researchers analyzed the changes in concentrations of two forms of oxygen.
7 These measurements can indicate temperature changes, researchers said, because the rates of evaporation of these oxygen atoms differ as temperatures change.
8 Analysis of ice from the Dunde ice cap, a glacial plateau in Tibet 17,000 feet above sea level, show that average temperatures were higher in 1937-87 than in any other 50-year period since before the last Ice Age, Mr. Thompson said.
9 Some climate models project that interior regions of Asia would be among the first to heat up in a global warming because they are far from oceans, which moderate temperature changes.
10 But the ice-core samples aren't definitive proof that the so-called greenhouse effect will lead to further substantial global heating, Mr. Thompson acknowledged.
11 According to greenhouse theories, increased carbon dioxide emissions, largely caused by burning of fossil fuels, will cause the Earth to warm up because carbon dioxide prevents heat from escaping into space.
12 Skeptics say that if that's the case, temperatures should have risen fairly uniformly over the past century, reflecting the increase in carbon dioxide.
13 Instead, the Dunde ice-core record shows increasing temperatures from 1900 through the early 1950s, decreasing temperatures from the late 1950s through the mid-1970s, then higher temperatures again through last year.
14 Other temperature data show similar unexplained swings.
15 'Climate varies drastically due to natural causes,' said Mr. Thompson.
16 But he said ice samples from Peru, Greenland and Antarctica all show substantial signs of warming.
| 2 | Researchers at Ohio State University and Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology in China have analyzed samples of glacial ice in Tibet and say temperatures there have been significantly higher on average over the past half - century than in any similar period in the past 10 , 000 years . | Researchers at Ohio State University | Which Ohio State University Researchers? | 0 | 5 |
667 | 203 | 1 A frozen mountaintop in Tibet may offer an important clue about whether the Earth is warming perilously.
2 Researchers at Ohio State University and Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology in China have analyzed samples of glacial ice in Tibet and say temperatures there have been significantly higher on average over the past half-century than in any similar period in the past 10,000 years.
3 The ice samples are an important piece of evidence supporting theories that the Earth has warmed considerably in recent times, largely because of pollutants in the air, and will warm far more in the century ahead.
4 A substantial warming would melt some of the Earth's polar ice caps, raising the level of the oceans and causing widespread flooding of heavily populated coastal areas.
5 'If you can use data to reconstruct what happened in the past, you have much more confidence in predictions for the future,' said Lonnie Thompson, a research scientist at Ohio State who dug for and analyzed the ice samples.
6 To compare temperatures over the past 10,000 years, researchers analyzed the changes in concentrations of two forms of oxygen.
7 These measurements can indicate temperature changes, researchers said, because the rates of evaporation of these oxygen atoms differ as temperatures change.
8 Analysis of ice from the Dunde ice cap, a glacial plateau in Tibet 17,000 feet above sea level, show that average temperatures were higher in 1937-87 than in any other 50-year period since before the last Ice Age, Mr. Thompson said.
9 Some climate models project that interior regions of Asia would be among the first to heat up in a global warming because they are far from oceans, which moderate temperature changes.
10 But the ice-core samples aren't definitive proof that the so-called greenhouse effect will lead to further substantial global heating, Mr. Thompson acknowledged.
11 According to greenhouse theories, increased carbon dioxide emissions, largely caused by burning of fossil fuels, will cause the Earth to warm up because carbon dioxide prevents heat from escaping into space.
12 Skeptics say that if that's the case, temperatures should have risen fairly uniformly over the past century, reflecting the increase in carbon dioxide.
13 Instead, the Dunde ice-core record shows increasing temperatures from 1900 through the early 1950s, decreasing temperatures from the late 1950s through the mid-1970s, then higher temperatures again through last year.
14 Other temperature data show similar unexplained swings.
15 'Climate varies drastically due to natural causes,' said Mr. Thompson.
16 But he said ice samples from Peru, Greenland and Antarctica all show substantial signs of warming.
| 2 | Researchers at Ohio State University and Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology in China have analyzed samples of glacial ice in Tibet and say temperatures there have been significantly higher on average over the past half - century than in any similar period in the past 10 , 000 years . | any similar period in the past 10 , 000 years | How did reseachers measure temperatures in the area 10,000 years ago? | 40 | 50 |
668 | 203 | 1 A frozen mountaintop in Tibet may offer an important clue about whether the Earth is warming perilously.
2 Researchers at Ohio State University and Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology in China have analyzed samples of glacial ice in Tibet and say temperatures there have been significantly higher on average over the past half-century than in any similar period in the past 10,000 years.
3 The ice samples are an important piece of evidence supporting theories that the Earth has warmed considerably in recent times, largely because of pollutants in the air, and will warm far more in the century ahead.
4 A substantial warming would melt some of the Earth's polar ice caps, raising the level of the oceans and causing widespread flooding of heavily populated coastal areas.
5 'If you can use data to reconstruct what happened in the past, you have much more confidence in predictions for the future,' said Lonnie Thompson, a research scientist at Ohio State who dug for and analyzed the ice samples.
6 To compare temperatures over the past 10,000 years, researchers analyzed the changes in concentrations of two forms of oxygen.
7 These measurements can indicate temperature changes, researchers said, because the rates of evaporation of these oxygen atoms differ as temperatures change.
8 Analysis of ice from the Dunde ice cap, a glacial plateau in Tibet 17,000 feet above sea level, show that average temperatures were higher in 1937-87 than in any other 50-year period since before the last Ice Age, Mr. Thompson said.
9 Some climate models project that interior regions of Asia would be among the first to heat up in a global warming because they are far from oceans, which moderate temperature changes.
10 But the ice-core samples aren't definitive proof that the so-called greenhouse effect will lead to further substantial global heating, Mr. Thompson acknowledged.
11 According to greenhouse theories, increased carbon dioxide emissions, largely caused by burning of fossil fuels, will cause the Earth to warm up because carbon dioxide prevents heat from escaping into space.
12 Skeptics say that if that's the case, temperatures should have risen fairly uniformly over the past century, reflecting the increase in carbon dioxide.
13 Instead, the Dunde ice-core record shows increasing temperatures from 1900 through the early 1950s, decreasing temperatures from the late 1950s through the mid-1970s, then higher temperatures again through last year.
14 Other temperature data show similar unexplained swings.
15 'Climate varies drastically due to natural causes,' said Mr. Thompson.
16 But he said ice samples from Peru, Greenland and Antarctica all show substantial signs of warming.
| 4 | A substantial warming would melt some of the Earth ' s polar ice caps , raising the level of the oceans and causing widespread flooding of heavily populated coastal areas . | widespread flooding | how widespread? | 23 | 25 |
669 | 203 | 1 A frozen mountaintop in Tibet may offer an important clue about whether the Earth is warming perilously.
2 Researchers at Ohio State University and Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology in China have analyzed samples of glacial ice in Tibet and say temperatures there have been significantly higher on average over the past half-century than in any similar period in the past 10,000 years.
3 The ice samples are an important piece of evidence supporting theories that the Earth has warmed considerably in recent times, largely because of pollutants in the air, and will warm far more in the century ahead.
4 A substantial warming would melt some of the Earth's polar ice caps, raising the level of the oceans and causing widespread flooding of heavily populated coastal areas.
5 'If you can use data to reconstruct what happened in the past, you have much more confidence in predictions for the future,' said Lonnie Thompson, a research scientist at Ohio State who dug for and analyzed the ice samples.
6 To compare temperatures over the past 10,000 years, researchers analyzed the changes in concentrations of two forms of oxygen.
7 These measurements can indicate temperature changes, researchers said, because the rates of evaporation of these oxygen atoms differ as temperatures change.
8 Analysis of ice from the Dunde ice cap, a glacial plateau in Tibet 17,000 feet above sea level, show that average temperatures were higher in 1937-87 than in any other 50-year period since before the last Ice Age, Mr. Thompson said.
9 Some climate models project that interior regions of Asia would be among the first to heat up in a global warming because they are far from oceans, which moderate temperature changes.
10 But the ice-core samples aren't definitive proof that the so-called greenhouse effect will lead to further substantial global heating, Mr. Thompson acknowledged.
11 According to greenhouse theories, increased carbon dioxide emissions, largely caused by burning of fossil fuels, will cause the Earth to warm up because carbon dioxide prevents heat from escaping into space.
12 Skeptics say that if that's the case, temperatures should have risen fairly uniformly over the past century, reflecting the increase in carbon dioxide.
13 Instead, the Dunde ice-core record shows increasing temperatures from 1900 through the early 1950s, decreasing temperatures from the late 1950s through the mid-1970s, then higher temperatures again through last year.
14 Other temperature data show similar unexplained swings.
15 'Climate varies drastically due to natural causes,' said Mr. Thompson.
16 But he said ice samples from Peru, Greenland and Antarctica all show substantial signs of warming.
| 4 | A substantial warming would melt some of the Earth ' s polar ice caps , raising the level of the oceans and causing widespread flooding of heavily populated coastal areas . | substantial warming | How much warmer would the Earth need to be to melt 20% of the polar ice caps? | 1 | 3 |
670 | 203 | 1 A frozen mountaintop in Tibet may offer an important clue about whether the Earth is warming perilously.
2 Researchers at Ohio State University and Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology in China have analyzed samples of glacial ice in Tibet and say temperatures there have been significantly higher on average over the past half-century than in any similar period in the past 10,000 years.
3 The ice samples are an important piece of evidence supporting theories that the Earth has warmed considerably in recent times, largely because of pollutants in the air, and will warm far more in the century ahead.
4 A substantial warming would melt some of the Earth's polar ice caps, raising the level of the oceans and causing widespread flooding of heavily populated coastal areas.
5 'If you can use data to reconstruct what happened in the past, you have much more confidence in predictions for the future,' said Lonnie Thompson, a research scientist at Ohio State who dug for and analyzed the ice samples.
6 To compare temperatures over the past 10,000 years, researchers analyzed the changes in concentrations of two forms of oxygen.
7 These measurements can indicate temperature changes, researchers said, because the rates of evaporation of these oxygen atoms differ as temperatures change.
8 Analysis of ice from the Dunde ice cap, a glacial plateau in Tibet 17,000 feet above sea level, show that average temperatures were higher in 1937-87 than in any other 50-year period since before the last Ice Age, Mr. Thompson said.
9 Some climate models project that interior regions of Asia would be among the first to heat up in a global warming because they are far from oceans, which moderate temperature changes.
10 But the ice-core samples aren't definitive proof that the so-called greenhouse effect will lead to further substantial global heating, Mr. Thompson acknowledged.
11 According to greenhouse theories, increased carbon dioxide emissions, largely caused by burning of fossil fuels, will cause the Earth to warm up because carbon dioxide prevents heat from escaping into space.
12 Skeptics say that if that's the case, temperatures should have risen fairly uniformly over the past century, reflecting the increase in carbon dioxide.
13 Instead, the Dunde ice-core record shows increasing temperatures from 1900 through the early 1950s, decreasing temperatures from the late 1950s through the mid-1970s, then higher temperatures again through last year.
14 Other temperature data show similar unexplained swings.
15 'Climate varies drastically due to natural causes,' said Mr. Thompson.
16 But he said ice samples from Peru, Greenland and Antarctica all show substantial signs of warming.
| 5 | " If you can use data to reconstruct what happened in the past , you have much more confidence in predictions for the future , " said Lonnie Thompson , a research scientist at Ohio State who dug for and analyzed the ice samples . | predictions for the future , " | Would regions outside of Tibet predict similar changes in the future? | 20 | 26 |
671 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 1 | Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July ' s crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa : a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk . | titanium engine disk . | How were they able to identify this part, was the disk destroyed? | 30 | 34 |
672 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 1 | Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July ' s crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa : a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk . | during the making of a titanium engine disk | How did the making of the titanium engine disk lead to a structural flaw? | 25 | 33 |
673 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 1 | Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July ' s crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa : a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk . | crash | How severe was this crash? | 11 | 12 |
674 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 1 | Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July ' s crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa : a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk . | United Airlines flight in Iowa : | What was the flight number? | 14 | 20 |
675 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 1 | Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July ' s crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa : a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk . | last July ' s crash | How many casualties were there in the crash? | 7 | 12 |
676 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 2 | For several months , officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight . | National Transportation Safety Board | how would the FAA and NTSB be able to know the cause? | 12 | 16 |
677 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 2 | For several months , officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight . | have suspected that a metallurgical flaw | Why was the flaw suspected? | 16 | 22 |
678 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 2 | For several months , officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight . | metallurgical | Who is responsible for the metallurgy of a plane part? | 20 | 21 |
679 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 2 | For several months , officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight . | metallurgical | what is this word? | 20 | 21 |
680 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 2 | For several months , officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight . | metallurgical flaw in the disk | Does this mean that the metal that was used was not welded together properly? | 20 | 25 |
681 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 3 | The explosion sent shards of metal flying , severing the DC - 10 ' s hydraulic or control systems , and led to the crash that killed 112 people . | killed 112 people . | How could be have done something different so that 112 people didn't die? | 26 | 30 |
682 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 3 | The explosion sent shards of metal flying , severing the DC - 10 ' s hydraulic or control systems , and led to the crash that killed 112 people . | hydraulic or control systems , | were they defective? | 15 | 20 |
683 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 3 | The explosion sent shards of metal flying , severing the DC - 10 ' s hydraulic or control systems , and led to the crash that killed 112 people . | killed 112 people | Will the airlines pay for the funerals of the people who were killed? | 26 | 29 |
684 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 4 | But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232 ' s tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa . | theory | How can they be sure from this physical evidence of the flaw? | 5 | 6 |
685 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 4 | But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232 ' s tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa . | Sioux City Airport in Iowa | was anyone hurt? | 27 | 32 |
686 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 4 | But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232 ' s tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa . | investigators could confirm their theory | Have any charges been filed against the airlines for negligence? | 1 | 6 |
687 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 5 | The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City . | begin four days of hearings | What will happen after the safety board has the hearing? | 4 | 9 |
688 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 5 | The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City . | four days of hearings on the accident | Why will there be four days of hearings? | 5 | 12 |
689 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 5 | The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City . | hearings | Which people will be speaking during these hearings? | 8 | 9 |
690 | 204 | 1 Federal investigators have identified the problem in last July's crash of a United Airlines flight in Iowa: a structural flaw that developed during the making of a titanium engine disk.
2 For several months, officials at the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have suspected that a metallurgical flaw in the disk led to a crack that ultimately caused the tail engine to break apart in flight.
3 The explosion sent shards of metal flying, severing the DC-10's hydraulic or control systems, and led to the crash that killed 112 people.
4 But investigators could confirm their theory only after the recent retrieval of a big chunk of Flight 232's tail engine from a cornfield near the Sioux City Airport in Iowa.
5 The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City.
6 Among the issues the board will examine is whether United Airlines, a unit of UAL Corp., should have been able to detect the cracks through maintenance checks.
7 The engine involved was a CF6-6 made by General Electric Co.
8 Anthony Broderick, the FAA's acting executive director for regulatory standards and compliance, said that recent tests of the failed engine disk indicate that a flaw -- known as 'hard alpha' -- occurred in the titanium during its production almost 20 years ago.
9 He said there wasn't any way to detect the flaw at that time, and that the process has since been changed to decrease the chance that such flaws would occur.
10 The FAA already has ordered that all 232 disks made by the old process be removed from the planes and subjected to an ultrasonic test in a water-submersion chamber.
11 Such tests make the FAA confident that a Sioux City-type accident 'won't happen again,' said Mr. Broderick.
12 A spokesman for GE said that the company has been working with the FAA all along on this issue and 'will comply fully with the required inspections.' But he also pointed out that the recalls will have no impact on GE's engine production.
13 The CF6-6 series engines aren't being manufactured any more; they are only being used in the DC-10 Series 10 planes currently in service, he said.
| 5 | The safety board will begin four days of hearings on the accident tomorrow in Sioux City . | four days | is that a long time? | 5 | 7 |
691 | 205 | 1 Hewlett-Packard Co. said it raised its stake in Octel Communications Corp. to 8.5% of the common shares outstanding.
2 In a Securities and Exchange Commission filing, Hewlett-Packard said it now holds 1,384,119 Octel common shares, including 100,000 shares bought from Aug. 26 to Oct. 20 for $23.31 to $24.25 a share.
3 Hewlett-Packard, a Palo Alto, Calif., computer company, said it acquired the stock 'to develop and maintain a strategic partnership in which each company remains independent while working together to market and sell their products.'
4 Octel said the purchase was expected.
5 Hewlett-Packard affirmed it doesn't plan to obtain control of Octel, a Milpitas, Calif., maker of voice-processing systems.
6 According to the filing, Hewlett-Packard acquired 730,070 common shares from Octel as a result of an Aug. 10, 1988, stock purchase agreement.
7 That accord also called for Hewlett-Packard to buy 730,070 Octel shares in the open market within 18 months.
8 In addition, Hewlett-Packard acquired a two-year option to buy an extra 10%, of which half may be sold directly to Hewlett-Packard by Octel.
| 1 | Hewlett - Packard Co . said it raised its stake in Octel Communications Corp . to 8 . 5 % of the common shares outstanding . | Octel | What does this company deal with? | 11 | 12 |
692 | 205 | 1 Hewlett-Packard Co. said it raised its stake in Octel Communications Corp. to 8.5% of the common shares outstanding.
2 In a Securities and Exchange Commission filing, Hewlett-Packard said it now holds 1,384,119 Octel common shares, including 100,000 shares bought from Aug. 26 to Oct. 20 for $23.31 to $24.25 a share.
3 Hewlett-Packard, a Palo Alto, Calif., computer company, said it acquired the stock 'to develop and maintain a strategic partnership in which each company remains independent while working together to market and sell their products.'
4 Octel said the purchase was expected.
5 Hewlett-Packard affirmed it doesn't plan to obtain control of Octel, a Milpitas, Calif., maker of voice-processing systems.
6 According to the filing, Hewlett-Packard acquired 730,070 common shares from Octel as a result of an Aug. 10, 1988, stock purchase agreement.
7 That accord also called for Hewlett-Packard to buy 730,070 Octel shares in the open market within 18 months.
8 In addition, Hewlett-Packard acquired a two-year option to buy an extra 10%, of which half may be sold directly to Hewlett-Packard by Octel.
| 1 | Hewlett - Packard Co . said it raised its stake in Octel Communications Corp . to 8 . 5 % of the common shares outstanding . | raised its stake | Why did Hewlett-Packard raise its stake in Octel Communications? | 7 | 10 |
693 | 205 | 1 Hewlett-Packard Co. said it raised its stake in Octel Communications Corp. to 8.5% of the common shares outstanding.
2 In a Securities and Exchange Commission filing, Hewlett-Packard said it now holds 1,384,119 Octel common shares, including 100,000 shares bought from Aug. 26 to Oct. 20 for $23.31 to $24.25 a share.
3 Hewlett-Packard, a Palo Alto, Calif., computer company, said it acquired the stock 'to develop and maintain a strategic partnership in which each company remains independent while working together to market and sell their products.'
4 Octel said the purchase was expected.
5 Hewlett-Packard affirmed it doesn't plan to obtain control of Octel, a Milpitas, Calif., maker of voice-processing systems.
6 According to the filing, Hewlett-Packard acquired 730,070 common shares from Octel as a result of an Aug. 10, 1988, stock purchase agreement.
7 That accord also called for Hewlett-Packard to buy 730,070 Octel shares in the open market within 18 months.
8 In addition, Hewlett-Packard acquired a two-year option to buy an extra 10%, of which half may be sold directly to Hewlett-Packard by Octel.
| 2 | In a Securities and Exchange Commission filing , Hewlett - Packard said it now holds 1 , 384 , 119 Octel common shares , including 100 , 000 shares bought from Aug . 26 to Oct . 20 for $ 23 . 31 to $ 24 . 25 a share . | common | How do common shares differ from other types? | 21 | 22 |
694 | 205 | 1 Hewlett-Packard Co. said it raised its stake in Octel Communications Corp. to 8.5% of the common shares outstanding.
2 In a Securities and Exchange Commission filing, Hewlett-Packard said it now holds 1,384,119 Octel common shares, including 100,000 shares bought from Aug. 26 to Oct. 20 for $23.31 to $24.25 a share.
3 Hewlett-Packard, a Palo Alto, Calif., computer company, said it acquired the stock 'to develop and maintain a strategic partnership in which each company remains independent while working together to market and sell their products.'
4 Octel said the purchase was expected.
5 Hewlett-Packard affirmed it doesn't plan to obtain control of Octel, a Milpitas, Calif., maker of voice-processing systems.
6 According to the filing, Hewlett-Packard acquired 730,070 common shares from Octel as a result of an Aug. 10, 1988, stock purchase agreement.
7 That accord also called for Hewlett-Packard to buy 730,070 Octel shares in the open market within 18 months.
8 In addition, Hewlett-Packard acquired a two-year option to buy an extra 10%, of which half may be sold directly to Hewlett-Packard by Octel.
| 2 | In a Securities and Exchange Commission filing , Hewlett - Packard said it now holds 1 , 384 , 119 Octel common shares , including 100 , 000 shares bought from Aug . 26 to Oct . 20 for $ 23 . 31 to $ 24 . 25 a share . | Aug . 26 to Oct . 20 | in what year? | 31 | 38 |
695 | 205 | 1 Hewlett-Packard Co. said it raised its stake in Octel Communications Corp. to 8.5% of the common shares outstanding.
2 In a Securities and Exchange Commission filing, Hewlett-Packard said it now holds 1,384,119 Octel common shares, including 100,000 shares bought from Aug. 26 to Oct. 20 for $23.31 to $24.25 a share.
3 Hewlett-Packard, a Palo Alto, Calif., computer company, said it acquired the stock 'to develop and maintain a strategic partnership in which each company remains independent while working together to market and sell their products.'
4 Octel said the purchase was expected.
5 Hewlett-Packard affirmed it doesn't plan to obtain control of Octel, a Milpitas, Calif., maker of voice-processing systems.
6 According to the filing, Hewlett-Packard acquired 730,070 common shares from Octel as a result of an Aug. 10, 1988, stock purchase agreement.
7 That accord also called for Hewlett-Packard to buy 730,070 Octel shares in the open market within 18 months.
8 In addition, Hewlett-Packard acquired a two-year option to buy an extra 10%, of which half may be sold directly to Hewlett-Packard by Octel.
| 3 | Hewlett - Packard , a Palo Alto , Calif . , computer company , said it acquired the stock " to develop and maintain a strategic partnership in which each company remains independent while working together to market and sell their products . " | independent | What is the criteria for independent working? | 32 | 33 |
696 | 205 | 1 Hewlett-Packard Co. said it raised its stake in Octel Communications Corp. to 8.5% of the common shares outstanding.
2 In a Securities and Exchange Commission filing, Hewlett-Packard said it now holds 1,384,119 Octel common shares, including 100,000 shares bought from Aug. 26 to Oct. 20 for $23.31 to $24.25 a share.
3 Hewlett-Packard, a Palo Alto, Calif., computer company, said it acquired the stock 'to develop and maintain a strategic partnership in which each company remains independent while working together to market and sell their products.'
4 Octel said the purchase was expected.
5 Hewlett-Packard affirmed it doesn't plan to obtain control of Octel, a Milpitas, Calif., maker of voice-processing systems.
6 According to the filing, Hewlett-Packard acquired 730,070 common shares from Octel as a result of an Aug. 10, 1988, stock purchase agreement.
7 That accord also called for Hewlett-Packard to buy 730,070 Octel shares in the open market within 18 months.
8 In addition, Hewlett-Packard acquired a two-year option to buy an extra 10%, of which half may be sold directly to Hewlett-Packard by Octel.
| 3 | Hewlett - Packard , a Palo Alto , Calif . , computer company , said it acquired the stock " to develop and maintain a strategic partnership in which each company remains independent while working together to market and sell their products . " | acquired the stock | did they always want it? | 16 | 19 |
697 | 205 | 1 Hewlett-Packard Co. said it raised its stake in Octel Communications Corp. to 8.5% of the common shares outstanding.
2 In a Securities and Exchange Commission filing, Hewlett-Packard said it now holds 1,384,119 Octel common shares, including 100,000 shares bought from Aug. 26 to Oct. 20 for $23.31 to $24.25 a share.
3 Hewlett-Packard, a Palo Alto, Calif., computer company, said it acquired the stock 'to develop and maintain a strategic partnership in which each company remains independent while working together to market and sell their products.'
4 Octel said the purchase was expected.
5 Hewlett-Packard affirmed it doesn't plan to obtain control of Octel, a Milpitas, Calif., maker of voice-processing systems.
6 According to the filing, Hewlett-Packard acquired 730,070 common shares from Octel as a result of an Aug. 10, 1988, stock purchase agreement.
7 That accord also called for Hewlett-Packard to buy 730,070 Octel shares in the open market within 18 months.
8 In addition, Hewlett-Packard acquired a two-year option to buy an extra 10%, of which half may be sold directly to Hewlett-Packard by Octel.
| 4 | Octel said the purchase was expected . | expected | How did Octel foresee this? | 5 | 6 |
698 | 205 | 1 Hewlett-Packard Co. said it raised its stake in Octel Communications Corp. to 8.5% of the common shares outstanding.
2 In a Securities and Exchange Commission filing, Hewlett-Packard said it now holds 1,384,119 Octel common shares, including 100,000 shares bought from Aug. 26 to Oct. 20 for $23.31 to $24.25 a share.
3 Hewlett-Packard, a Palo Alto, Calif., computer company, said it acquired the stock 'to develop and maintain a strategic partnership in which each company remains independent while working together to market and sell their products.'
4 Octel said the purchase was expected.
5 Hewlett-Packard affirmed it doesn't plan to obtain control of Octel, a Milpitas, Calif., maker of voice-processing systems.
6 According to the filing, Hewlett-Packard acquired 730,070 common shares from Octel as a result of an Aug. 10, 1988, stock purchase agreement.
7 That accord also called for Hewlett-Packard to buy 730,070 Octel shares in the open market within 18 months.
8 In addition, Hewlett-Packard acquired a two-year option to buy an extra 10%, of which half may be sold directly to Hewlett-Packard by Octel.
| 4 | Octel said the purchase was expected . | Octel | were they going out of business? | 0 | 1 |
699 | 205 | 1 Hewlett-Packard Co. said it raised its stake in Octel Communications Corp. to 8.5% of the common shares outstanding.
2 In a Securities and Exchange Commission filing, Hewlett-Packard said it now holds 1,384,119 Octel common shares, including 100,000 shares bought from Aug. 26 to Oct. 20 for $23.31 to $24.25 a share.
3 Hewlett-Packard, a Palo Alto, Calif., computer company, said it acquired the stock 'to develop and maintain a strategic partnership in which each company remains independent while working together to market and sell their products.'
4 Octel said the purchase was expected.
5 Hewlett-Packard affirmed it doesn't plan to obtain control of Octel, a Milpitas, Calif., maker of voice-processing systems.
6 According to the filing, Hewlett-Packard acquired 730,070 common shares from Octel as a result of an Aug. 10, 1988, stock purchase agreement.
7 That accord also called for Hewlett-Packard to buy 730,070 Octel shares in the open market within 18 months.
8 In addition, Hewlett-Packard acquired a two-year option to buy an extra 10%, of which half may be sold directly to Hewlett-Packard by Octel.
| 4 | Octel said the purchase was expected . | expected | Why was the purchase expected? | 5 | 6 |
Subsets and Splits