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Hello, good morning. Good afternoon say hello say good morning I'm surprised that this is on zoom instead of a team's Hey Hello, hello. Hello, Jonathan a pleasure to meet you even if it is virtually all right, how's it going? Nice to see you again. Are we too too? Yeah, I'm here for just a moment my videos not on. You guys are recording and it's a clear connection and then I'm gonna bail so you guys can enjoy your conversation right and if I say something stupid this will be edited. Yes. Okay, when you say anything stupid Well, I mean, this is something we can talk about is that you know, reading back people's past predictions of COVID have made a lot of smart people look really stupid. Yes. For me, yes. Oh so much for us to talk about. People make make good prediction mistakes. All sounds good to me. So I am out of here. I really I'm going to try and leave this all together without just connecting you or I can try to make this as much centers. That's not bad. Right. That looks great. Wonderful. I enjoy. Thanks, Stacey. Thanks for your help setting this up. Yeah, and, you know, the list of questions is fascinating. There's just one that I just, I just don't think I have much to offer. And because I don't really do it, and this is the, um, what you know, how is a nice book to list? You know, what do I think is the most exciting trend in the Behavioral Sciences today? I don't know if I have anything. Brilliant to add there. Okay, we can delete that. And we can also kind of let things evolve and also want you to feel free to just talk about what is right. So when you get into a riff just got it. Yeah, we're about what you want, and then we'll be splicing things together. Including using a little bit of that technique where it's like the question gets put on the slide. Okay? And so and then put together in a condensed format so I booked this for a longer period of time with a lot of questions. And then what I'm going to want to do is shrink it down to probably the stuff that you say that's just like oh, wow, that's that's a really neat those are happens. Yeah, that's cool insights like out you know, so those are what I'm gonna, I'm gonna try to set you up for as much as possible and it's just yeah, it's wonderful to see you again. So I will be introducing you and another take just thanks for sending your bio. And as we get started, I wanted to share something with you is much to my delight. I bought this and I was so excited to get started reading it and I'd worked my way through the introduction and a couple of the earlier chapters. And then I wanted to just actually figure out which of the essays in here were about healthcare. And so I was like, Oh, look at this one, I want to read this one on the anti Vax movement. What what an important time for me to be reading that essay? So I flipped ahead in the book. Like, I want to read this essay, and lo and behold, exciting to be able to see you again. So I love how I have crossed paths serendipitously, you know, twice with with your work. I'm glad that you liked it. That chapter. I wrote that in my sleep. I mean, I'm very familiar, for better or for worse. And, you know, a lot of people are sort of scared of the anti vaccine movement at this time. But I mean, if God willing, you know, at some point in the future, you know, the most optimistic I'm hearing is the fall but we have a we have a vaccine and there are people saying I'll be last in line. All right, fine with me. So maybe, maybe this is a time where the anti vaccine movements, okay. I mean, obviously, I'm joking. But yeah, I mean, I was hoping that maybe this would be a chance to help people challenge their fears. Maybe this will be a time for them to learn more about the science of vaccines, maybe this would be a time where they would feel that some of those concerns that you raised in the essay, maybe, maybe this will be a time and maybe we can make some progress. Yeah. It's interesting. I mean, you know, someone asked on Twitter, you know, after this, will there be anti vaxxers? And was very clear that he didn't know much about anti vaxxers. Because, you know, and there's, there's a range. I mean, it's not, you know, yes. No, pro vaccine, anti vaccine. I mean, there's a range. I mean, even now, you know, I said that hopefully there'll be a Cronus virus vaccine in six months. I mean, would I take that? Well, I don't know. I think I'd have to, you know, read about it safety and efficacy. And obviously, these are very unprecedented times I'm not a vaccine researcher myself at all. I think I have one paper paper on vaccines and multiple sclerosis. But I know a lot about the anti vaccine movement just because I've followed it for many years. And processes that normally take decades are being sped up in months. And you know, one of the main complaints that the anti vaccine movement has is that vaccines have never really been studied, that there's no sort of long term placebo controlled safety studies. And you know, if a vaccine is approved, too soon, they'll be right. And that doesn't mean that it's going to be a bad vaccine necessarily. But you know, they'll have a point that safety studies were rushed steps were skipped. It still might not be the wrong thing to do. I've myself volunteered to be in a vaccine trial here at NYU. We'll see if they write me back. You know, these studies only work if people volunteer. So, yeah, but those are those are very logical and scientifically based concerns around following an appropriate protocol for the best of science as we know it. But one of the things that I find so compelling about your research is that it seems as if you take the role of human decision making and the vulnerability to bias as serious in your practice as a medical practitioner, as you do the the science and practice of medicine itself, and I think that that puts you in this very powerful position and a very important position and i i'd love to understand more about how did you come to have this passion in in studying bias and making that something that you seem to spend so much of your free time devoted to his studying and understanding bias in things like even even in the realm of vaccine, how did this I mean, a few a few caveats. You know, I'm not, I don't do much primary research in this I'm sort of a collector. That's how I describe myself you know, some of my most of my other writing is in neurology, I've written sort of a, you know, textbook on neuro radiology, neuro imaging, same thing, there's nothing new, but over the past decade, I've collected everything that exists in neuroradiology. And, you know, wrote a wrote a page summary about it. So I'm not doing primary, you know, research about this, um, you know, a lot of the work of people who are going to be doing these talks, I is involved. And, you know, I'm not the first one to think about this, either. There's, you know, Dr. Pat cross, Gary, I think up in Canada, you know, who's really sort of studied in Jerome groopman wrote this book, you know, how doctors think, you know, when I first entered medical school, no, I thought that sort of everything had been studied and everything, everything. I thought that everything in medicine or law Things were sort of like gross anatomy, you know, we're not going to discover any new bones, any new nerves anytime soon, you know, everything that we know about we kind of already knew and there's going to be new treatments and you know, potentially new emerging diseases, but for the most part, things have been really well studied. And, boy, that's not true. And what isn't taught in medicine sort of critical thinking, you know, how do you think about what decisions you make, you know, a patient could go to two different doctors with the same complaint, you know, say a headache, and, you know, one doctor could be very sort of conservative and say, Okay, well, I'll try Tylenol and call me if that doesn't get better. And another doctor can say, okay, we're going to do an MRI, we're going to do a spinal tap, and we're going to do all of these sorts of tests and we're going to give you Botox and and both doctors could potentially justify their decision. And, you know, how to how do people sort of make those decisions and, and where are they right and where are they wrong? I think one thing one mistake when people talk about About biases is to think that they're talking about flaws or errors or mistakes. And, you know, I think that's why Pat Cross Carry sometimes uses the term, cognitive disposition to respond. It's a little, it's a little clumsy, but it but it sort of takes away you know, the, the negative connotation, right, again, back to the patient was a headache, you know, Doctor a might be sort of very conservative and say, you know, first do no harm and, you know, you know, you probably don't have a brain tumor, and Dr. B might be sort of very anxious and you know, oh my god, what if I miss a brain tumor? So that so that sort of thing. So how to sort of doctors make those decisions, and when are they right and when are they wrong? That's very good. And also, in addition to looking at practitioners and and medical practitioners, you also take into consideration the role of these, you know, cognitive short cuts in patient decision making. Right? I mean, you know, you can't spend all day making every single decision you know, looking up every single study that's been done and you can sort of help how how a patient makes you feel in some ways, there are patients that we'd like there are patients that we may not like as much there are diseases that I feel more comfortable with, you know, even things how much I've slept in my hungry You know, all of these factors can can affect decision making, in ways that that are sort of not thought about not is becoming more thought about but they weren't taught in medical school to me at all. It's, it's becoming a little bit more more common to do that. And, you know, I'm seeing this playing out right now in front of me in real time treating COVID treating Coronavirus. So, for example. I can do Talk a little bit about my experience being here in New York City. But every patient that was admitted to I work primarily in Bellevue treating this, but I think the same is true NYU, and probably multiple other cities, was placed on Black Widow hydroxychloroquine, this anti malarial or sort of rheumatological drug based on what, based on a couple of stories and, you know, the right wing media really, really sort of promoting it, not that many people who were using it, probably were fans of sean hannity and Donald Trump. So why and I think a lot of that was just this feeling that we got to do something else, you know, doing nothing is, you know, unacceptable in the situation. And, you know, I didn't take that position. You know, I said, you know, when I became, you know, when I got my coven team, I said, you know, we're not going to do any experiments on patients outside of clinical trials. So that was my attitude. Now, there might be some situations where that is actually the wrong thing to do. So allow me to talk about one of the myriad complications of this disease is and it's been getting a lot of presses that a lot of patients are getting a lot of blood clots. I've never seen so many patients be so hyper coagula. So we've seen young people with strokes. We have seen Pulmonary and belie that's when a blood clot that probably starts in your leg goes in your lungs, you know, fatal often. And I have seen patients lose limbs due to blood clots in their legs, or so. So some of these patients are very pro pro clot. And you know, some doctors feel that we should not really change our practice about how to prevent clots in these patients because this one virus doesn't change everything. If we put patients on more intense anti coagulation. You know, we run the risk of maybe then bleeding and that would be problematic. other doctors deal Holy smokes, these patients are clotting left and right in front of me, I'm going to put everyone or at least patients who I think are high risk on the sort of higher dose anticoagulation. So we're having to make these decisions in real time without a study. studies are being done, but they're not done yet. You know, so what do you do, you could make two mistakes, you could fail to give one patient proper dose of anticoagulation and they could clot with catastrophic consequences. Or you could be sort of hyper aggressive and put your patients at risk of bleeding with also catastrophic consequences. So how do doctors balance those risks and make those decisions in the absence of evidence? Those are all questions I find interesting. That's excellent. And so how, I mean, I let him follow that up with so how do you reconcile that? I think that that's one of the things about behavioral economics, there's there's this fascinating tension between you know, sometimes it's called kind of the system In one and system two, that's a very convenient heuristic for how people think. And there's a tension fundamental tension within the field between providing more support and rationale and, and confidence even in system one thinking, because we can't always take that super logical balance, wait for the RCT, and then act in that. So So how do you balance? You know, using a strong possible kind of system one or we don't have the data to guide to guide us and yet we need to recognize the role that bias could still play. How do you How are you balancing that in your clinical decisions? You know, well, probably unconsciously that's, you know, I don't sort of you know, too often think I am now using system one. I'm now using system two, you know, the controversy with the anticoagulation. I think that you know, that can be seen system to, just in and of itself. I mean, these are not people making, you know, five by instantaneous decisions and instantaneous impressions. I mean, we do that, you know, I can see someone back when people were walking down the streets here, you know, walk in the screen Reiko there's someone with Parkinson's, there's someone who has a cerebellar problem with their feet are very wide apart. So I could just make these sort of, you know, instantly, this does not take a high degree of skill, but even the sort of instantaneous diagnoses are you know, exactly where the problem is? Not always right. But that's, that's a sort of more system, one type thing. You know, with the anti coagulation issue, I think that is, you know, two doctors could get together and have a half an hour discussion about what the right thing to do is and it reflects more their personality at this point, than the right thing to do when I if a patient is going to have a bad outcome. Would I rather have it be the process of the natural disease or something that I caused? No. So some doctors may say no, you know, Definitely don't want to cause any problems. And the problem that I cause is worse than one that's natural. You know, another doctor might say, That's not true at all, and, you know, patients throwing these horrific clots is unacceptable, and we have to do something right now. So it was it was fascinating to see that, um, you know, I think probably the hydroxychloroquine that is system one a little bit, you know, that is people just sort of doing what everyone else is doing, you know, assuming that, you know, doctors like myself who are a little bit bolder and gray or you know, are starting this medicine are wiser about things and no more than they and that's not true. We all heard about this disease at the same time. So I think that was probably a lot more reflective and thoughtless. And that's what bothered me. That's very helpful. And understanding your perspective. So So then what other what other biases Have you seen play out in turn? of decision making. During so far in, in during the pandemic, yes. So, you know, I talked a little bit about what I've seen on the patient level. And then, of course, what is pointed out on the national and international level. I think in some ways in the United States, a worst case scenario has come true, where basic, basic facts have become politicized, which is a horrible situation to be in. You know, who was the senator Monahan? I think, once I know everyone's entitled to their own opinion, but not their own facts. And now we have a situation again, where no basic facts, no, this is more dangerous than the flu. This is less dangerous than the flu. Or it's the same as the flu. You know, taken on a political tone. If I was to say, this diseases, you know, it's no worse than the flu. You would immediately know 10 things about my other their political views are you probably suspect them and you would probably be right. So I think people's tribal natures have really sort of taken over. And in very, very unfortunate ways, at least in the United States. Yeah, I think unfortunately, that seems to be true around around the world that people are, are driven along ideological lines, but also wishful thinking. Yeah, I see that more here. Obviously, I'm exposed to it more. But I look at what other countries are doing. And our response seems to be the worst, the United States in almost every imaginable way. Maybe maybe the UK and Sweden are sort of up there. But it's, it's, it's really unfortunate to see, you know, not just the number of deaths, which is obviously the sort of primary metric. But, you know, protesters bringing in assault rifles to state, you know, state senators offices, you know, the sort of fusion of that which actually the anti vaccine movement, they're ubiquitous at these at these at these rallies and you know, the white supremacists and neo nazis, some of the worst, you know, parts of society and to see that being amplified at times at a national level. You know, there's good people on both sides talk has really been, you know, very disheartening. What is interesting is Donald Trump used to be very anti vaccine variant, you know, but he, if you just googling Donald Trump vaccine tweets, you'll find about 10 times where he said, you know, children get autism, I've seen it many times, no many too many shots, doctors just want to profit. And now he's basically staked his whole presidency on finding a vaccine by the fall. That's a very interesting point to have rates. So low let's let's let's hope that you know, he's he's seen the light on on science one issue at a time. But I mean he you know, he really shows you know the power of wishful thinking I've never seen it quite so manifest I think it's sometimes called the ostrich effect you know, just an ostrich sticks his head in the sand which apparently they don't really do but you get the point. You know, just just him you know, denying reality time after time it's you know, it's going away there's no such thing it'll go away it'll be a miracle hydroxy corking period it's America will have a vaccine in two weeks everyone can get a test and you know, I know I'm coming across as sort of hyper partisan but I think as he was leaving office, brock obama had a line which always struck with me, which was, you know, in reality is something along the lines of reality finds a way or you know, reality, you know, will kick in eventually and Unfortunately it has. Here we are. And here we are. So we have so many things ahead of us in terms of understanding the root causes of COVID-19. And how we ended up here in the first place. I'd love to hear your point of view on that. And the role that popular sentiment plays in the origins of of COVID-19. I'd like to know, your thoughts about that. And then what kinds of behaviors might need to change as a consequence of it? Yeah, I mean, you know, I have no sort of inside knowledge. I suppose you could say that the Chinese officials were the original sort of guilty party of burying their heads in the sand and suppressing reports about this and minimizing its dangers even after they apparently knew about its effects. The you know, they they had this big festival in Rouhani 600,000 people gathered together. So, you know, they're there. They're sort of really the original, you know, ostrich in the sand type thing. You know. So I think, you know, the origins of it are pretty clear conspiracy theories aside, I mean, you know, it probably Gabriel wildlife market, maybe it came from the lab, even if that was sort of an accidental release. You know, that's not completely implausible. But, you know, I think the idea that I'm sort of engineered by Bill Gates to microchip us all is probably a little bit far fetched. You know, and then it's, it's, it's, you know, it's really revealed a lot about countries, a lot about people. I mean, no traits that I would have thought about in the past, you know, that would have been sort of, you know, good American traits, you know, don't seem to be serving as well during this time. You know, countries that are sort of very obedient and compliant. I mean, it's almost like a knife in my heart to say yes, the citizens should obey. Without their government without question, you know, what those are the, you know, at least the kind of country where there's a strong trust in institutions, I should say, you know, that, that if a leader gets on TV and says it's very important that you stay inside for the next month, you know, that its citizens don't view that as, you know, an attempt to, you know, you know, become the police state forever more than just an attempt to stop the spread of a deadly virus. And, you know, it's really brought out the best and a lot of people I mean, you know, so many people flocked here to New York City to help us and that was very heartwarming. I, you know, I think, you know, a lot of people, you know, were able to are donating to charity now, and sort of helping neighbors and, you know, this sort of thing and so, that's, that's the best and then, you know, the worst is what I talked about this sort of, you know, you know, whether it's sort of careless, careless college kids being like, I'm gonna go party, you know, screw Corona, you know, I'll probably be fine. You know, who cares about grandma and some of the sort of really more nefarious parts of our society bonding together? and scary ways? Yes. So one of the things that you've written a lot about is is, is pseudo scientific belief beliefs and the role that bias plays in magnifying those? How do you think people can potentially overcome those biases and why? Why do we have such pervasiveness of pseudo scientific thinking? Yeah, so there was some research that something like 40% of Americans believed at least one sort of conspiracy thinking very interestingly, for the first time, one of the conspiracies is that there already is a vaccine for this, but it's sort of being hidden at that, in retrospect was kind of a predictable conspiracy, but usually vaccines are sort of Bad, bad, bad, you know, evil. So it's kind of Interesting to see the reverse conspiracy. And I, you know, I think for a lot of people, conspiracy theories are very comforting. I you know, even if someone who is sort of, you know, bad and evil and very powerful at least someone's in charge someone is directing this, you know, things aren't sort of randomly happening. And if you take the view that I do that really no one's in charge and things are kind of random, just bad, you know, bad things kind of randomly happen. I mean, that's when it's really scary, right? Because, you know, I don't know how this is good. No one knows how this is gonna end. And I think that's sort of the scariest part. You know, when you look back on events like this and the past, I mean, you know, horrible times in the past, you know, the depression, World War Two, the 1918 pandemic, which never seems to get a lot of attention is on the health for what it's worth. You know, those seemed looking back, you know, what would have been like to have been alive You know, you can sort trick yourself into thinking, Oh, it wouldn't have been so bad because you knew how it ended, you knew the pandemic ended, you knew the depression and you knew World War Two ended with the good guys winning and we don't know that that's going to be the case. I mean, we will end of course, you know, this pandemic is not going to go on for the next hundred years, but we don't know how we don't know when we don't know if it's going to end with a vaccine with a, you know, viral mutation that makes it more benign or with a lot more graves yet to be dug. And so I think the conspiracy theories really give people some sort of framework to think about things and to to do to avoid that. And the you know, the conspiracy theories are very predictable in that, you know, that that the hardcore conspiracy theorists, the ones who blame this on vaccines are microchips. I mean, they're not stupid people, you know, RFK Jr. I think was even sort of saying that. It's a plot by Bill Gates to track us all things like that. You know, you know that they're going to be against vaccine. So again, let's say there's good news and then six months, this group working in the UK, you know, feels that they're confident that this vaccine is safe and it's effective. And, you know, it's given to 100 million people. And bad things are going to happen to some of those people after they get the vaccine, if you give it to that many people, and invariably, the anti vaxxers will say, the vaccine, you know, cause this and they'll be stories on the news, there'll be, you know, heartbreaking things, you know, my unhealthy 14 year old daughter was fine until she got the corona virus vaccine, and then, you know, now she can't walk, you know, look at look at her now. So that those are going to be very, very predictable, you know, if we get a vaccine, and there's no guarantee of that. So I, you know, on the one hand, I have some sympathy for some of these conspiracy theorists, and that they're just looking for an organizing framework to sort of make sense of the world. On the other hand, I have very little sympathy because they're standing you know, in crowds now protesting and doing everything they can to spread the virus and convince people that it's not a big deal. No, yeah. Yeah, it's a it's a, it's a very, very dangerous way to, to, you know, respond because literally putting themselves and their families in in risk way when, you know you might disagree with the public policy but there's different ways hopefully to express that discontent that doesn't actually put you in the line of fire but but here we are the most extreme you know, people you know, say that it's a hoax that, you know, there was this movement in a film your hospital I don't know, if you saw that at all, you know, sort of encouraging people to go stand outside hospitals and film them in here from the outside. They looked exactly the same. I don't you know, it wasn't a movie scene. Maybe in some parts of New York City. It was I take that back, but, you know, most hospitals were on the outside relatively quiet, actually. No, patients stopped coming to the emergency room for non COVID related things. It was this very weird time or the whole hospital was coven. And, of course, all non emergent, you know, surgeries were stopped. We weren't having any visitors, we still don't have visitors. You know, so from the outside, things look pretty tranquil. It wasn't again, it wasn't a scene out of movies, you know, a contagion or pandemic, you know, people sort of running wild and screaming. And, you know, so so at the, you know, I've had people online tell me that I have not seen what I've seen, you know, I say, you know, there are giant refrigerated trucks outside my hospital to store the dead bodies, you know, they're not there to store the dead bodies. They're there to trick you. I've seen I've seen people being carried No, no, you have. So you know, the conspiracy theory mind is the more you try to counter the more in some ways you can end up reinforcing it, which is a very difficult thing. You know, to try to do. And, you know, I think in this point, I'm pretty happy, although they could do a little bit better some of the social media sites, you know, taking down some of these really dangerous videos. I mean, again, that's another thing that sort of five years ago would have been like a stake in my heart. You know, YouTube should ban this person, you know, but, you know, when they're out there saying, you know, you know, don't take this seriously go party with Grandma, go visit her at the nursing, you know, you know, quite heard that but, you know, similar things are equally dangerous things. I have no problems with private companies saying, you know, we don't want this on our platform any more than, you know, go drive drunk or go shoot up, you know, a mosque or a synagogue, right? Or we're, you know, shouting fire in a in a crowded theater in a way that leads to harm. So another thing then that I think that you've been exposed to through your career, just building on your point about one of the things that conspiracy theories do is Help people have a sense making mechanism. And so they go about searching for information to, you know, help make sense of all of this. And that's the role of people falling prey to quacks versus legitimate experts. And there's a couple of questions that I want to ask you about that and let you respond to this and take it apart how how you would like to how should the average layperson make a distinction between a quote unquote quack, how would they know that that person is a quack versus somebody who's actually it seems as if they're putting forward a controversial well thought out point of view to protect other people versus an expert and, and I'd also like to relay that to you, one of the things that we talk a lot about one of the challenges of science and and that's reflected in this in this book edited by James Kaufman and Alison Kaufman is experts playing in their own lane. Yeah. So, so how so? How should the lay person make that distinction between an expert and a quack? And then how do you as someone who has studied the role of bias is a scientific thinker and a scientist? And how do you make that distinction? Well, it can be very hard. I think. A lot of experts have been very wrong about this disease. A lot of very smart I think, well meaning people have made really wrong and potentially catastrophic predictions, you know, people who are clearly non quacks, at least, to me, I thought, you know, I think some of the quacks are sort of pretty easy to spot. I mean, Dr. Oz, you know, Alex Jones and the sort of very sort of far out there people I know though they Have a huge audience and a lot of people sort of feel that they're getting the truth, the unvarnished truth. And what you know, how do you spot the experts, I suppose at this point, the most humble person, the person who says I don't know the most, is probably the one who I would trust the most, because there's so many mysteries about this disease, both on an individual level and on a larger level. You know, I talked to you before about some of the controversies about how to take care of these patients. I didn't even get into all of them, you know, are we intubating patients too soon, you know, I was an intensive care doctor. So I wasn't the one, you know, deciding making that decision. But you know, that that's a big decision, you know, a big sort of debate amongst doctors, and then, you know, other mysteries about this disease again, on an individual level, why does Why? It seems most people have no symptoms. I've read about, you know, certain places where they've tested nearly 400 people who tested positive there was a poor explain to durian, none of them had symptoms, maybe they were about to get symptoms if you kept following them for a few days. So they're maybe not asymptomatic. Maybe they're pre symptomatic, but that seems to be common. You know, why do other people die? Why are children thank god that's the only good thing about this disease? Why are they with a few rare exceptions not hit hard by this disease, although it's not zero. And then sort of on a bigger level Why Why are some cities hit so much harder than others? I think New York City had the worst in the world. Why it was it? In any there's no reasonable explanation for this. You know, where people get into, you know, close quarters, you know, was one person on a subway you rode with him for an hour and they infected 50 people in very close contact, you know, because we tend to think about people. I'm getting a little bit off subject from the experts, not x, but I'll get to that. You know, is you know, we tend to think about people infected or not, that's probably not true the modem infection and the degree in severity of infection may matter. You know, people 500 years ago knew that getting a little bit of smallpox was better than getting a lot of smallpox, you know, so they would, you know, ahead of an epidemic, they would try to infect themselves a little bit, you know, very dangerous thing. Don't try it at home. You know, so what else about you know, but that but the plenty places have extremely cramped, you know, dense quarters. are Americans just unhealthier? Yes, you know, you know, are those are more serve obesity and diabetes and hypertension, renal failure or, you know, renal disease, that that predisposes to this? Yes. But it still doesn't explain to me why New York City suffered so horribly, and even different neighborhoods in New York City that were right next to each other suffered massively different rates of this. There was an article in New York Times about yesterday about the rapes in two neighborhoods in Queens Corona versus ironically Corona. in Corona, you know, had a much, much worse time with this, and then flushing and why are you know, other areas have been very hard hit, you know, UK Lombardy region of Italy, France. But we haven't heard and I hope we don't, you know, and this is I think we were all thinking this I certainly was it this will just sort of ravish African countries and Asian countries and, you know, South America and maybe again, please, no, I hope it doesn't maybe that's about to happen. But you know, just not I mean, countries like, you know, Vietnam and Thailand. I think I might be getting that wrong. But, uh, you know, so, you know, a lot of Singapore, I think, have done a very, very good job in it, but it's unclear why it's not like they have, you know, you know, they have, you know, more health resources in the United States, but maybe they do. I mean, maybe, you know, one of the health resources that America is not invested in is public health, and that you know, when you're Public Health Commissioner says stay inside and wear a mask if you have to come out those countries where they can stand inside them and wear a mask a path to come out. And so, again, I think it's in some ways very easy to spot the sort of Uber quacks. You know, one thing, one one characteristic one rule of thumb that always certainly was there, they're the ones who are not working with actual COVID patients. So, you know, if someone promises a cure, or says that it's not real, or germ theory isn't real, or who knows, those are not the doctors who you will find in the ER and the ICU and sort of on the front lines. And then when it comes to experts, I mean, certain experts have gotten this wrong. A man who I admired his writings a lot, I've never met him and hopefully I'm gonna say his name right, john, Iamites? if that's someone that that you've heard of, but he was a he's an epidemiologist at Stanford and a really, you know, powerful advocate for, you know, science done well, and there's a lot of bad stuff. It's being done right now. And he consistently, consistently minimized the dangers that this would do. Sometime in February or March, he wrote an article now this will lead to 10,000 deaths, and then a few weeks later to lead to 40,000 deaths, and went on fox news shows and this is someone who would none of us have ever thought of thought of as political before, and yet he still may not be, but he's sort of consistently underestimated the harms of this disease. So even with these experts, you have to be careful as well. And that's why I say a degree of you know, the expert who says, I don't know, we're still learning about this, you know, is the one that that you should trust the most. And then when it comes to sort of giving advice you know, I think, you know, an expert can sort of say, here's what I think is going to happen, but we got to plan for the worst case scenario. Yes, we have to, you know, I don't think the virus is going to do much damage, but we have to react if it is. And so those are the experts that that I would trust. That's right. And I think that it's it's just so unfortunate that people like Dr. Oz and Alex Jones have such a huge platform. Because with that comes a perception of authority and the social proof that they get from those mainstream platforms. It must make your job just exceptionally more difficult when you are working with your patients and helping to shape and advise their treatment plan or diagnostic acceptance. So So this issue of how to understand, you know, parsing out experts and then the experts amongst the experts and experts being wrong, is an exceptionally challenging exploration. That we have over fellow citizens. Yeah, I mean, I think working with COVID patients, you know, that hasn't been the problem because all the ones I've taken care of have been very sick, sick enough to be in the hospital. You know, I think those people are probably doing more harm on a societal level, you know, by spreading by minimizing this disease and spreading, you know, misinformation about this and, you know, the social distancing, you know, we don't need to do that this sort of thing. So I, you know, in my previous life, which hopefully will return soon as a multiple sclerosis doctor, you know, there there, I saw that a lot, you know, patients sort of falling for, you know, quick fixes and easy cures, because let's face it, what I'm saying right now, isn't cool, fun, sexy, interesting. I'm not a brave Maverick doctor, you know, going against the grain saying, you know, everyone else is wrong. I'm not telling people what they want to hear. Right. I mean, I wish Dr. Imedies had been right. I wish this was going to cause 10,000 deaths or 40,000 deaths. I wish the How would you rate turns out to be less than one in 1000? And if we just closed nursing homes, you know, everything the rest of us can get on about our lives, you know? So it's not that I, again, I don't want to put him in the sort of Dr. Oz class quite yet. You know, but but doctors who convey humility and uncertainty, and even the sort of mainstream No, I'm not going to, you know, get on fox news or, you know, anything like that, you know, I'm nobody, you know, there were these two doctors to these two emergency room doctors in Bakersfield, California who made this viral video about, you know, so that they were no one before. Nobody is consistently downplaying the dangers of this disease. And you know, that that's just really unfortunate. That's right. Yeah. And one of the things that we learned in terms of people's perception of climate change was how much that perception fell along ideological lines in terms of of belief or resistance. And one of the pieces of research that really struck me in terms of trying to understand why do things fall along those ideological lines was the concern about the means to read to resolving that issue, become things that hit against those ideological beliefs. So a system or solution that requires more state level intervention, centralization, in terms of planning things that do go against the grain of individual freedom, then we've got those and you know, kind of a lack of trust in the government, then then the if if the means to solving the problem contravene that underlying ideology, it makes it harder to accept the problem statement in the first place. Yeah. That's right. And so if we're able to actually find where we can improve On on the end state, then maybe we could start to find those zones of agreement and compromise within the means to to get there. And so COVID-19 seems to be paralleling many of the lessons that we've learned through these other global type problems that require global type solutions. And so one of the things that I have been impressed by is when businesses have taken active stances and developing innovative solutions, everything from helping to develop, you know, masks, there's a furniture company that's been cranking out massive quantities of masks for both public consumption as well as for healthcare workers. We've seen innovation in terms of trying to produce everything from redesign and ventilators generating ventilators generating, providing the other kinds of nebulizer And breathing pumps, businesses responding some, some and just mere philanthropic ways, and others in, you know, helping to reengineer solutions. And, and I think that bodes well for potentially being able to understand the severity of the problem if we see a convergence between business and public health intervention on working towards solutions. Yeah. You know, that that goes back to what I said before, about, you know, how horrible it is that this has been sort of politicized. You know, just basic facts. But, you know, one potential upside of sort of having a wall federal government has been that it has, you know, people have not sort of sat back and said, you know, let me, you know, let me be taken care of, you know, what, you know, let's find a solution. So I saw that, you know, here in my hospital, we were deluged, and, you know, a lot of rooms were converted like that to negative pressure. rooms that you know, so the air is blowing outside not not not inside. A lot of very innovative things happened, no IV Poles were placed outside of patient's room so that people could, you know, change medications without going into the room. And then you know, the science here has moved at a sort of work speed in some ways, and the virus was identified like that it was sequence like that. tests were developed like that PCR test, even though the United States got their version wrong. And I hope that this continues at pace I've read today that people are trying to develop tests for it, and maybe on their way to doing it. They claim success as simple as a home pregnancy test. And when that'd be sort of amazing. If you could take that antibody test for developer those are potentially problematic and, you know, God willing, the most important thing is the vaccine will be developed. And let me just backtrack a little bit to what I was saying before about experts and john Inidies is you know him Under estimating the severity of this disease that was very common. I think a lot of us probably all of us felt, you know, this will stay in China. This is what happened over there. You know, this happens in Iran, you know, this is far away. We will this movie stuff we won't see in our lifetimes. On Twitter, at the very end of February, a doctor asked, you know, are you concerned about COVID? And probably half the responses were more concerned about the panic due to COVID and more concerned about the flu. You know, I wouldn't be bringing it up if I didn't happen to sort of say yes, I'm very concerned. You know, what was interesting is my hospital had an inspection there's a, a regulatory body, which which does inspections and we had this in February, and you know, we passed but if you look back it was I want to say this without getting in trouble, but sort of all the nonsense you know, You know, our nurses drinking water at their nursing station hours, every single form, dotted that, you know, documented that the patient has spoken to in their native language and the translators document it, you know, it's not quite nonsense, but in the face of what to come, it was nonsense. There was no sort of thought that this could come here. And you know, I was thinking, I was thinking in February, this could get really bad. Why not? But I didn't go to my hospital administrator and say, you probably would have thought I was crazy and say, listen, we got to prepare like this is coming here. We gotta make sure that we have maps, we got to make sure that we have protection, we have to make sure that we have a plan in place in case 500 people show up to our ICU, who need to be intubated. You know, I wish I had done that. I don't think it would have changed anything that he probably would have thought of me as a lunatic and then sort of profit of science. But But you know, so we all had our head in the sand that there were a few People who were sort of saying ahead of time, you know, you got to take this very seriously very, very early on. I think Joe Biden was one so very good. And even, you know, the infrastructure to deal with these wasn't there, you know, so so it was it's not it wasn't a failure just in January in February in March. It was a failure in the years before that, under Trump. One of the other things that I was curious about your point of view on is telemedicine and how that's changing so quickly. Yeah, so I mean, there are going to be sort of silver linings to all of this badness and I think the, you know, tablet, the speeding up of telemedicine, something that would have taken a decade before now took a month. I think that was a good thing. It depends on what sort of field you practice? You know, I imagine certain doctors could do 100% telemedicine, they might disagree with me but sort of endocrinologist in treating diabetes or thyroid problems where the physical exam isn't superduper important and then other doctors obviously you have to be in the room. I think for me, it's been great at least with patients who have known for many years and I know that what they're what they're like, and they can tell me if they're different and I don't have to start from scratch. It's a little bit hard to do a neuro exam via zoom or via Skype or what have you, but it can be done. I think for newer patients, it's not quite as good because I don't feel I know them yet. And there are certain things that I can't do look in the back of their eye, if their knees with a hammer, you know, as a neurologist, we really sort of value those low tech high yield physical exam things, but from a patient's point of view is great. You know, they they Sometimes had to travel an hour to see me and pay by the time they're done, you know, $50 in parking and, you know, for some of our more disabled patients, especially having to, you know, get transportation and it would take two hours each way and that, you know, so I think speeding that up, you know, we'll be very good. Invariably, there'll be things that will be missed, there'll be things that I will miss in a telemedicine visit that maybe I would have found in person and it's still not as intimate. You know, I think, you know, this is why we've chosen, you know, as long as possible to meet face to face. This is why telemedicine didn't occur already. But I think it will have all those advantages and you could potentially see patients from very far destinations and really change things and I think that'll be an advantage. What kind of advice would you give to a new doctor who currently the curriculum based On the research that I've looked at, has very little information about a decision making biases and errors. What kind of advice would you give to our new healthcare or emerging healthcare workers about how to inform their practice with this with these insights? Yeah. So it's questionable whether learning about these biases really helps you overcome them. If that was the case, I would never make a mistake again, I suppose. And, you know, I have, you know, as I was writing certain chapters, I was sort of in the process of making those mistakes in real time with with certain patients. You know, there was a, you know, a prisoner who came in and I saw him and I'll try to be very vague about the details, but we see a lot of people in police custody here and a lot of them my initial Reaction about this is that they're faking it. And it's am I saying this in a proud way. But you know, I've seen a lot of guys who would rather be here than in central booking and or Rikers Island, and I don't blame them, I think that can be very, I would rather be here than there too. So that's my, over the 15 years I've been doing this, that's my sort of gut instinct. And there's a guy who came in with, you know, leg weakness, and he really wasn't cooperating, you know, can you lift up your legs? Or when did this begin a while ago? You know, How bad is it? Not bad, you know, just, you know, wasn't really kind of helping me. So I did some of the studies I needed to do to rule out a severe process, but not all of them. And he came back the next day, with with stuff that he couldn't fake, he couldn't move his facial muscles. So being aware of these biases doesn't prevent you from making them but but it can help in certain ways. And that sort of as an individual level, you can sort of say, Okay, I'm going to see a prisoner right now. I know my tendency is to not believe them. I'm not proud of this fact. And, but but it is, it's who I am. It's an involuntary thing and sort of maybe I can sort of overcompensate in the opposite direction. And then I think having structural things, things that you can't do quite as individually, maybe you can do them as an individual. But recognize that if you're feeling tired, you're not making your best decisions recognize that if you're hungry, you're not making your best decisions. I was sort of taught, you know, saying I'm tired is a sign of weakness. I think that's a little bit changing in medicine, but you know, if I'd said, as a medical student, I'm tired, you know, I need to go take a little nap and I think I'll be a better doctor after a 30 minute nap. That would have been, you know, as if I was like, I'm gonna go, you know, have a few beers on the job. And setting things up to where if if other people feel you're making a mistake, they're not afraid to speak up. So for example, one thing that I sometimes try to do it Assign people and assign one person on the team to tell me everything I'm doing is wrong. And their job is to say no here, you know, here's why you're wrong. So that makes sure that that people aren't afraid to speak their minds. And if they counter act, if they contradict me, I'm not going to be mad at them, you know, sort of quite the opposite, and even sort of very subtle things about how cases are presented. So to go back to that prisoner, if the case was presented to me as follows, you know, this is a 23 year old prisoner who comes in with two days of leg weakness, I'm going to feel differently about that than if I hear this is a 22 year old medical student who comes in with you know, I'm just gonna have a very natural, you know, different feeling about those two cases and the likelihood of it being real. So the best way to present it is this is a 22 year old man who comes in with two days of leg weakness. And so that's what I try to teach students to do. But one of the themes that I'm not the first one to think about This, there's an emergency room doctor who wrote a blog who really sort of clued me into this as a lot of these biases are sort of opposite of each other. Basically, every mistake in medicine can be doing too much, or doing too little, being too soft, being too hard, not aggressive enough, too aggressive. And if you're going to correct for one mistake, you're more likely to make the other so I just got done saying, you know, I'm gonna go into this prisoner thinking in that he's fake it so maybe I'll take an extra seriously. Okay. And so that may lead me to do unnecessary potentially dangerous studies, maybe I know, every prisoner who comes in with a headache gets a CT scan. And over the course of the year, I've radiated 100 brains that I didn't need to radiate. So, you know, I'm a little skeptical that that just knowing about these biases can help you avoid them, and ultimately be a better doctor. No, mostly, I think it's just interesting. Some ways that's a very depressing, very depressing response. That it's that it's just interesting when when I do think that it has had a positive impact in terms of how you think about your own practice and your ability to at least have the ability to kind of diagnose mistakes that have been made in the past so that we can potentially learn learn from those scenarios or build those little decision aids in the moment, but there's definitely so much so much work to do. And in terms of our response to COVID-19, as well, all of us I think, are are guilty of wishful thinking, confirmation bias, our own perception of risk, these things are, are getting in the way of some good decision making that we need to make and embrace and support collectively. Yeah, I mean, there there are other strategies too. I mean, you know, some, you know, doctors use you know without knowing that they're the you know that they're trying to overcome biases but you know, what is it to force yourself to think, you know, there's a well known mnemonic and medicine vitamins, which is just a just a waste of category of disease. So vascular inflammation, trauma, autoimmune metabolic, by means of, you know, neoplastic, traumatic, idiopathic, congenital I kind of got out of track, you know, so that if someone comes in with a symptom to sort of force yourself to think about everything in this category, or I sometimes trying to think about things, you know, again, someone with a headache, you know, how probable is a die a certain diagnosis, so, you know, migraines are very common. How alarming is it you know, migraine, individual migraines, not dangerous, the disease as a whole is very disabling but you know, if you, you know, Miss diagnose a migraine, it's not a big deal. And then how treatable is it so if you miss diagnose a non treatable disease, you're not necessarily making a mistake. As I miss diagnosing a treatable disease, so, you know, I might with the headache patient say how probable is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? Not probable? How alarming? Is it extremely? How treatable Is it very. So that's not a diagnosis that you want to miss. So it's trying to take into account all of those sorts of things. And at least that's how I think about and I think sometimes you sort of forcing strategies can be very helpful that way. Excellent. Well, that was the core set of questions and topics that I wanted to explore with you. And that's been fantastic. Well, thanks for having me on. How are you doing up in Toronto and how are things? Yeah, it's, it's, it's fascinating, to have some of the comforts of feeling that we're in a fairly well managed country that responded, not super We're early, but apparently it looks like early enough to keep ourselves in that threshold. Where are our hospitals and our ICU aren't aren't overwhelmed. So that's very reassuring. There's definitely still many problems that we face around first of all testing, getting the right number of tests available, having the right people, you know, taking those tests, that's been frustrating. The data reporting and the lag, you know, how can people be taking weekends off? So it really messes with the data, our data collection procedures, lag, so it's very difficult to have, you know, anything close to real time so at best, we're three days behind, but at least it's only three days behind before we have a composite picture. I think one of the things that's been helpful was the premier of the province of Ontario, in partnership with our public health officials put forward a very explicit goal, which is we need to see fewer than 200 new cases per day. And 90% of them need to be traceable within 24 hours in parallel with other things that are more in the responsibility of of government investment things like the policies around our long term care facilities, our policy around our vulnerable populations or policies around our prison population, our policies around our condensed our workforces that share residential, so agricultural and other community based residences pertaining to employment. So, so there's those categories and then there's those which, you know, every citizen has some control over which is around, you know, community spread and the impact that social distancing plays on helping mitigate that. So having that very clear, specific goal, yes. And then seeing like, a articulation of we need to sustain that for two to four weeks. And then we will move into quote unquote, phase one, which looks like this and here's why it'll be these kinds of stores with this number of people within that building, maintaining you know, high ventilation, maintaining high disinfectant, you know, procedures over over common touchpoints that level of clarity and kind of precision. I have found to be very helpful. Both As a citizen as well as a business leader, and helping me think through the planning, and also just somebody who wants all of this to go away. So knowing that there's a sense of, you know, what would be a healthy turn on the epidemiological models, if we see these things happen, then we can enjoy a reduction in restrictions. So I find that level of clarity and I know it's still not perfect, but I find that to be very helpful. And so I'm logging in and seeing, you know, what's our case rate data, what's our accuracy on our reporting, taking into consideration some of the lags and gaps in that reporting, but it gives me that sense of control that it's like I'm continuing to contribute to the social goal. So that's one of the things that's been happening here and, and the other thing that's very fascinating is wild You know, some of us are doubling down on our commitment to doing things like social distancing wearing masks when we go outside, ensuring you know, rigor around our hygiene practices. At the same time as we're like doubling down on that commitment to achieve those goals. We need to start thinking about return to work. And the same premier who supported this kind of this is what we need to see before we can consider reducing the restrictions. A couple of days later said business leaders I need you to start planning for return to work. And this is a very complex time because I it's will not be a level playing field we have different people with different levels of risk or perceived levels of risk. How are we going to accommodate individual level preferences individual level real risk independent of Those actual risk scenarios to protect our to protect our workforce. And so this is the other work that I'm involved with now, which is fraught with all kinds of misperceptions about risk. It's either over or under. People need to be informed about what are appropriate level responses to make safe workplaces. And they, these are now individual employees trying to say, Well, I'm not going to go in unless you know, all of these things true. And so we've got a lot of work ahead of us balancing what epidemiology and public health suggests needs to be in place with what's practical with with what individuals are choosing. So those are, those are some of the things I'm tackling now. Well, it's tough. I mean, you know, we're seeing the same thing here. You know, Governor governor, I think is after being too Slow initially has done a very good job. You know, and as much as I've said, the United States has had the worst response in the world. I think that's at a national level. I think some of the governors, you know, really shine and I read one article that every single state, you know, the citizens rank their governor, you know, ahead of our president. You know, in some, some, some local officials, you know, the mayor of San Francisco, the governor of California and Ohio and Washington State, you know, did really well. And if you took New York State out of the mix, the United States actually wouldn't be doing so horribly. It seems so. Um, so I think, you know, the weaknesses in the strengths of the United States have been revealed. One of the strengths been, I suppose, federalism, you know, and, you know, traditionally, I think most Americans have thought that sales is sort of very mobile and, you know, I could go anywhere and you know, I'm hoping for the next, you know, until this is over, however, That is, you know, people don't move on. I certainly don't want people from, you know, coming here, you know, in potentially importing disease, again, now that we finally have gotten under control here. Another interesting thing that that is how data and how numbers are presented in how misleading some of those graphs can be, you know, some of those logarithmic graphs and you see it sort of being flattened out, you know, but but, you know, when you realize, Oh, that's a logarithmic graph, going from here to here is going to go from 10,000 to 20,000 where as going from here to there is going from five to 10. And, you know, in all the incidents, fatality rates, the case fatality rates, and, you know, how many cases are there? How many tests are being done, even very interesting metrics of, you know, of the tests that are being done, how many come out positive, it's all very innumeracy of a lot of people, myself included. And you know, is It was fascinating to see play out in real time. Now that it always takes me a few minutes. And I didn't think about it at the beginning until I saw a video and I was like, Oh, yeah, that's logarithmic. You know, that's, it's like this, but that's really not actually flat. You know? So anyways, I hope that you and yours are saying I hope these interviews go well, you know, let me know when it's out. What what are the what? How many of these have you done? Your my first? Yeah, the one we were supposed to do last last week. She had some childcare challenges. And so we've, she's actually now at the back of the pack instead of being at the at the beginning. I'm very excited to have the opportunity to do this. It's such a it's such a wonderful way to think about, you know, the the challenges that we're facing from this, like, you know, how does behavioral science and scientific thinking, help us tackle these challenges? Yeah, I mean, I didn't bring his name up, but one of the people you're interviewing gotta kind of got this wrong. You know, Cass Sunstein, you know, wrote wrote an article for Bloomberg News, which is essentially, you know, why people are more afraid of things and they should be or so, you know, and in retrospect, you know, I know that people sort of online were like, you know, the article started out, you know, we don't know much about this disease, but people are more afraid of it than they need to be. And and they were sort of saying, Well, how do you know that if you don't know that much about this disease, so he may be one of the very smart people who sort of felt like it can't happen here. But that's right. Yeah. I think I'm in the same campus as you I was. I've, I've been one of those people who, you know, there's a when I go to Burning Man, there's this one group. It's, it's a club dedicated to existential risk. And we all talk about what we think the greatest existential risk is to humanity. And one of the sessions that that I attended and kind of have been holding on to this That I've considered was, you know, antibiotic resistant pathogens. And I come at this as a as a vegetarian as well. And I'm aware of the challenges that we face in in animal agriculture and the use of antibiotics and the risk that we have from, again, this, this potential vector of these antibiotic resistant pathogens, but also what we see with exotic animals, the trade or the, you know, keeping up exotic animals, your you know, for pleasure, and then also the moving into natural habitats and the continued exposure that we have to pathogens there. So, I was one of the folks who early on saw some of the news coming in in January, so I was I had no problem stocking up on my set of n 95 masks. I was looking at hazmat seats I didn't have that it was gonna get, you know, in January, we were stocking up on beings and all of that. And I'm lucky, my my partners and open minded nurse who's like, sounds pretty, pretty serious. And I was like, Well, at the time that was, you know, it's just a danger, then it became an epidemic. And then I remember, you know, kind of monitoring accounts. And I remember the day where it was like, I was like, when are they going to clear this thing, a pandemic, it seems to fit the definition, like, why is this so slow? Why is this not happening? And, and at that point, we had moved into actually, just just social distancing. I mean, I was lucky, it was easy. We were working on my book, and we were already kind of in a remote town. And so I was kind of balancing, you know, working on the book with, I think that things are about to get very scary. And so we started social distancing and in February, so we've been at this for a long time. And it's been phenomenal watching this science unfold. And it's also been very complex seeing the role that behavioral science can play has played for both better and worse. Yeah, I want very much for behavioral science to walk away from this pandemic, with the opportunity for a lot of reflections and learnings. Some of those early position statements were were wrong. And, you know, as you said earlier, you know, great scientists can make bad calls. And one of the things that we need to do to help advance science is we need to reflect on those. So we need to reflect on David helper and talking about herd immunity, we need to talk about the statements that were made about perception of risk and and conflating the risk of This scary pathogen in a way that, it turns out it is scary. It sounds like you were ahead of the game. I mean, when I look back on sort of my early thinking about this is twofold. It was intellectually, this could happen. But practically nah, you know, sort of like, the risk of a house fire. Sure, why not? You know, Am I really that prepared? Do I have do I, you know, if you asked me, you know, do I know where my fire extinguishers are? Like, yeah, I'd have to think about it. But you know, that's something that you probably should have like three or four, you know, in your house, you know, one in every room and know exactly where they are and how to use them. You know, like I was even in 2019. I would have otherwise forgotten this, but I sent this tweet, you know, he sure we could definitely have a pandemic tomorrow. Why not? You know, but even when I saw that sort of coming, it was unreal. Like I hung out with my parents in February and we were watching some video from China and some people and they make some of the Chinese people have made like A funny video, you know, like, quarintine day 70. And they were joking around it was kind of funny. But um, you know, I remember saying to my mom like, this could be us and she was like, Yeah, maybe. I was like, Yeah, maybe. Yeah, but we didn't really didn't have that like, yeah, this could be us. Yes. Yeah. Where are you now? Are you in Toronto? Are you still? I'm in Toronto. We we came up back in March. Yeah. When the prime minister said that we'll be we'll be closing the border soon. And we want the folks you know, the Canadians to come back. So we, we we drove up and used our hand sanitizer and gloves and masks, all the way all the way up in in March. Yeah. hard drives. So we're back here. One of the other things that was very unexpected of all of this was, Bart has to take his nursing exam to finish his status to become a registered nurse, and the morning that he was supposed to take the exam. We went to the campus and the doors were locked and some other students were all kind of milling around thinking, you know, maybe the proctor was held up by something. And then they the students found out that the exam had been canceled the night before. And that day began NCLEX or Pearson, Vue shutting down all of the locations. So all of the different exams for many different fields and licensure exams were postponed. Yeah. And they were postponed and postponed until May. So Bert actually has not been practicing as a nurse all of this time, because he hasn't been able to take his exam. There are 25,000 nursing students on boarded per month in the United States that are now stalled because they don't have access to their exams. So their their reverberations of this are profound. And I'm surprised I did my best to try to get awareness of this issue. And it hasn't been picked up by by mainstream media at all, nor talked about by our politicians. Hopefully you won't need it. Hopefully you only knew that I know here. They graduated medical students early and you know, yeah. And so here they recalled retired nurses. Yeah. So that's interesting and and some of the research that actually was pointed out in your book, I think that's where we first kind of followed it through was that there are some fields where more experience helps you be a better practitioner. Nursing is one of those fields so Bart's like To be honest with you, if I had a choice between a retired nurse being recalled, versus, you know, fresh nurses, his perspective was like, hum humbly I submit that, you know, good. I'm like, What? Come on, you should fight the fight. And he said, to be honest with us, like, I think that bringing back some of those retired nurses to help manage the pandemic is actually better, especially those who lived through SARS, CoVi-1 one to live through MERS. You know, of course, that makes sense. But just generally, the more experienced nurse he felt is a better practitioner right now. I thought that was an interesting point of view, given that I was like, but this affects your livelihood. This affects your your career and your and your passion. So here we are, it's actually may and the exam still hasn't been rescheduled so many months out, following finishing all of the academic requirements and the, you know, the residency, the equivalent of a residency that a nurse does all of that's been completed and he just needs to do the credential exam. And he hasn't been able to take it yet. No, that's yet. That's not just Canada, that's the United States. And that's other places as well. We saw that with doctors. In like the UK, they were taking doctors in there. The only completed third year, perhaps, or partially through their third year and bring them into the field. So, so it's interesting. So we're so we're still working on the book and spending our time that way. All right. Listen, I got another Thank you. This was fun. Let me know when it's up. And, you know, let me know when the other ones get published too. And, you know, be safe. I hope your book is coming along. Well, and thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you for reaching out. Hopefully, I'll get up there in person one day. I look forward to it. I'm sure I take care. Bye Bye.

This dish is more than 500 years old, originated in the Joseon era in Korea, and has several varieties. We cook it with beef ^^ Ingredients: List of ingredients in the description below the video. beef 600g Cut into pieces about 5-7 cm long. Place the meat in cold water for 30 minutes to remove blood from the meat. quail eggs 12 pcs Boil quail eggs. Quail eggs are boiled for 3 minutes for hard boiling. Peel the eggs. After 30 minutes, remove the meat from the water and rinse. Boil the meat for 7 minutes then rinse in cold water. green chili (or Shishito pepper) 100 g Pierce with a fork. 1 onion green onions 3 feathers red chili 2 pcs ginger root 5 g garlic 200 g water 1.5 liters ginger root 5 g 1 onion green onions 3 feathers Then boil the meat for 40 minutes over medium heat After 40 minutes, take out the meat and cool, strain the broth Tear the meat into pieces that are 1 cm wide and 5-7 cm long. beef broth 600ml soy sauce 250 ml Mirin (rice wine) 50 ml sugar 80 g garlic 200 g beef Cook for 30 minutes over medium heat. Then add the quail eggs and cook for another 10 minutes over low heat. ground black pepper 1/3 tsp Then add chili peppers and cook for 1 minute. Cool the resulting dish and store it in a container in the refrigerator (maximum 1 month). Thanks for watching. Enjoy your meal ^^ Mix warm boiled rice with butter. Add 2 tablespoons soy sauce. Mix Make topping. Bon appetit! The cooking method is in the description under the video !!! List of ingredients in the description under the video !!!

English: Professor Dave here, let’s classify some drugs. Whenever we are studying something that comes in so many varieties, we need some way of classifying them, just like the way we use taxonomy to classify living organisms. With drugs, it can be a little complicated, because there are different ways we might wish to categorize them. We might group them according to the type of molecule they are, or by what it does clinically, or by the mechanism of action. These methods all have their own utility, so let’s talk a bit about them now, as well as a few related topics. The main distinction we want to make is the difference between therapeutic classification, and pharmacological classification. The first of these describes the purpose of the drug, or essentially the main physiological Arabic: البروفيسور ديف هنا ، دعونا نصنف بعض الأدوية. "المقدمة" كلما نقوم بدراسة شيء ما متنوع جداً ، فإننا نحتاج إلى طريقة لتصنيفه تماماً مثل الطريقة التي نستخدمها لتصنيف الكائنات الحية. مع الأدوية ، يمكن أن يكون الأمر معقداً قليلاً ، لأن هناك طرق مختلفة قد نرغب في استخادمها للتصنيف. قد نقوم بتجميعها وفقًا لنوع الجزيء الذي تنتمي إليه الأدوية، أو من خلال ما تفعله سريرياً ، أو وفقاً لآلية العمل. لكل من هذه الطرق فائدة خاصة بها ، لذلك دعونا نتحدث قليلاً عنهم الآن ، بالإضافة إلى عدد قليل من المواضيع المرتبطة. الفرق الرئيسي الذي نريد القيام به، هو الفرق بين التصنيف العلاجي والتصنيف الدوائي. English: change that is induced by the drug on the organismal level. The second of these describes the mechanism of action, or what the drug does on the molecular level. Let’s go through some examples of each. First, looking at therapeutic classification, let’s mention some classes of drugs that deal with the heart and blood vessels. Anticoagulants are drugs that help prevent blood clots. Antihyperlipidemics lower blood-cholesterol. Antihypertensives lower blood pressure. Antidysrhythmics or antiarrhythmics treat an abnormal heartbeat. So as you can see, this type of classification describes the clinical purpose, or the physiological change induced by the drug, and does not describe anything about the way the drug achieves this change. A large percentage of these categories begin with the prefix “anti”, because anti means Arabic: الأول ، يصف الغرض من الأدوية ، أو بشكل أساسي التغيير الفيزولوجي الرئيسي الناجم عن الأدوية على مستوى الكائن الحي. والتصنيف الثاني يصف آلية العمل ، أو ما يفعله الدواء على المستوى الجزيئي. دعونا نتدرب في بعض الأمثلة لكل منها. أولاً ، بالنظر إلى التصنيف العلاجي ، دعونا نذكر بعض فئات الأدوية التي تعالج القلب والأوعية الدموية. مضادات التخثر هي أدوية تساعد على منع تجلط الدم. خافضات الدهون في الدم تخفض نسبة الكوليسترول في الدم. خافضات الضغط تخفض ضغط الدم. مضادات النظم أو مضادات اضطرابات النظم تعالج نبضات القلب الغير طبيعية. إذاً كما ترون ، هذا النوع من التصنيف يصف الغرض السريري ، أو التغير الفزيولوجي(الوظيفي) الناجم عن الأدوية ، ولا يصف أي شيء عن الطريقة التي يحقق بها هذا الدواء هذا التغيير. تبدأ نسبة كبيرة من هذه الفئات مع البادئة -anti ، English: “against”, and these categories describe the condition that the drug is working against. There are antipsychotics, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antinauseants, and so forth. Some of their functions are immediately apparent from the name, while others require a little more background information. Of course there are other classes that don’t begin with this prefix. Decongestants, hallucinogens, sedatives, stimulants, it’s a long list, and many or most of these will be addressed at some point in this series. By contrast, as we said, pharmacological classification describes the specific thing that the drug does on the molecular level in order to elicit the desired physiological effect. Again focusing on the heart and blood vessels, calcium channel blockers quite literally block calcium channels in the heart, which are protein channels in the membranes of cells that regulate Arabic: لأنها تعني "ضد"/"المضاد"، وهذه الفئات تصف حالة الدواء الذي يعمل ضدياً. هناك مضادات الذهان ، مضادات الاكتئاب ، مضادات الاختلاج والمضادات الحيوية وما إلى ذلك. بعض وظائفهم واضحة على الفور من الاسم ، في حين أن البعض الآخر يتطلب خلفية من المعلومات أكثر بقليل بالطبع هناك فئات أخرى لا تبدأ بهذه البادئة. مزيلات الاحتقان ، المهلوسات ، المهدئات ، المنشطات ، إنها قائمة طويلة والعديد منها أو معظمها سيتم تناولها في مرحلة ما في هذه السلسلة. على النقيض من ذلك ، كما قلنا ، التصنيف الدوائي يصف الشيء المحدد الذي يقوم به الدواء على المستوى الجزيئي من أجل الحصول على التأثير الفيزيولوجي المطلوب. مع التركيز مرة أخرى على القلب والأوعية الدموية ، حاصرات قنوات الكالسيوم تغلق تماماً قنوات الكالسيوم في القلب ، والتي هي قنوات بروتينية في أغشية الخلايا Arabic: التي تنظم مرور أيونات الكالسيوم داخل وخارج الخلية. مثبطات الإنزيم المحول للأنجيوتنسين ، أو مثبطات ACE ، تثبط التكوين من أنجيوتنسين الثاني عن طريق تثبيط الانزيم المسؤول عن إنتاجها من أنجيوتنسين الأول. حاصرات بيتا الأدرينالية ، أو حاصرات بيتا ، تمنع البروتينات التي من المفترض أن تتلقى هرمون الأبنفرين، المعروف باسم الأدرينالين. كما يحدث ، فإن التأثير العلاجي هو تباطئ نبضات القلب و انخفاض ضغط الدم لذلك يمكن وصف دواء محدد، إما حاصرات بيتا أو خافضات للضغط. سوف يعتمد التصنيف ببساطة على الحالة ، وماهية الشيء الذي يتم فحصه أو وصفه في أي لحظة معينة ، و اعتماداً على فعالية دوائية معينة، تسمية واحدة قد تكون أكثر ملاءمة ، أو على الأقل ، الأكثر شيوعاً. English: the passage of calcium ions in and out of the cell. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or ACE inhibitors, discourage the formation of angiotensin II by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for its production from angiotensin I. Beta-adrenergic blockers, or beta-blockers, inhibit proteins that are supposed to receive the hormone epinephrine, commonly known as adrenaline. As it happens, the therapeutic effect is that the heartbeat is slowed and the blood pressure is lowered. So a specific drug could feasibly be described as either a beta blocker or an antihypertensive. The classification will simply depend on the context, and what it is that is being examined or described at any particular moment, and depending on the efficacy of a particular Arabic: كما ترون ، مع التصنيف الدوائي ، نحن نتعامل عادة مع الطريقة التي يتفاعل فيها الدواء مع بعض الجزيئات الحيوية ، الذي هو عادةً البروتين. هذا البروتين قد يكون انزيم ، قد يكون مستقبل ، أو غير ذلك ، ولكن هناك عادة بعض التداخلات بين الأدوية التي تؤدي لتعديل نشاط هذا البروتين. لهذا السبب ، التصنيف الدوائي هو أكثر تحديداً من التصنيف العلاجي ، وإنّ المعرفة الكبيرة بالكيمياء الحيوية أمر بالغ الأهمية من أجل التصنيف الدوائي لإعطاء أي معنى على الإطلاق. الآن أن لدينا فكرة عن كيفية تصنيف الأدوية ، دعونا نتحدث عن كيفية التسمية. هناك قدر كبير من الارتباك بين عامة الناس بشأن أسماء الأدوية ، وذلك يعود لحد كبير إلى أنّ جميع الأدوية لها دائماً أسماء متعددة. English: drug, one label may be more appropriate, or at least more commonly used. As you can see, with pharmacological classification, we are typically dealing with the way that the drug interacts with some biomolecule, usually a protein. This protein may be an enzyme, it may be a receptor, or otherwise, but there is typically some interaction between the drug and this protein that modifies the activity of that protein. For this reason, pharmacological classification is more specific than therapeutic classification, and significant knowledge of biochemistry is absolutely crucial in order for pharmacological classification to make any sense whatsoever. Now that we have an idea of how drugs are classified, let’s talk about how they are named. There is quite a bit of confusion amongst the public regarding drug names, and this is largely because all drugs always have multiple names. English: Drugs can have a chemical name, a generic name, and a trade name, or brand name. First, the chemical name is quite straightforward. This is determined by the rules of chemical nomenclature designated by the IUPAC, or International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, precisely as we learned way back at the beginning of the organic chemistry series. A drug will only have one chemical name, because the rules are highly specific, and exist precisely for the purpose of giving any molecule one unambiguous name, even if it is very long and impractical for general use, such as this one. Because of the way these names are derived, they tend to be “chemically” sounding, which causes many sectors of the public to recoil, strictly due to chemophobia, which is an irrational fear of chemicals, and chemical-sounding things. Arabic: يمكن أن يكون للعقاقير اسم كيميائي ، اسم عام(شائع)، واسم تجاري ، أو اسم العلامة التجارية. أولاً ، الاسم الكيميائي واضح تمامًا. يتم تحديد ذلك بواسطة قواعد التسمية الكيميائية المحددة من قبل IUPAC ، أو "اتحاد الكيمياء البحتة والتطبيقية" ، تحديداً كما تعلمنا سابقأً، في بداية سلسلة الكيمياء العضوية. سيكون للدواء اسم كيميائي واحد فقط ، لأن القواعد محددة للغاية ودقيقة، بغرض إعطاء أي جزيء واحد اسم لا لبس فيه ، حتى لو كان طويلاً وغير عملي للاستخدام العام ، مثل هذا المثال (الموضح بالصورة باللون الأخضر) بسبب طريقة اشتقاق هذه الأسماء ، فإنها تميل إلى أن تكون "كيميائية" ، الذي يسبب العديد من نفور عامة الناس ، ويرجع ذلك إلى رهاب الكيمياء ، وهو الخوف الغير عقلاني من المواد الكيميائية ، والأشياء الكيميائية. English: For example, this drug is called 2-acetoxybenzoic acid. X’s and Z’s are particularly scary sounding, as is the word “acid”, so some people may presume that this is a harmful chemical. However, in the United States this drug is more commonly known by its generic name, aspirin. Generic names are typically assigned by the U.S. Adopted Name Council, specifically for the purpose of giving drugs with long chemical names, often much longer than this one, another name that is short and easy to remember, even though it does not actually describe the composition of the molecule. There is only one generic name for any drug, so drugs are most commonly referred to by their generic names, since non-chemists, which is most of us, do not have the vocabulary required to pronounce or understand most chemical names. Arabic: على سبيل المثال ، هذا الدواء يسمى 2-حمض الأسيتوكسي بنزوئيك. X و Z هو الشيء المخيف بشكل خاص ، كما هي كلمة "حمض" ، لذلك بعض الناس قد تفترض أن هذه مادة كيميائية ضارة. ومع ذلك ، في الولايات المتحدة هذا الدواء هو المعروف أكثر باسمه الشائع ، الأسبرين. عادة ما يتم تعيين الأسماء العامة من قبل الولايات المتحدة -تعتمد على مجلس الاسم- ، خصيصاً بهدف إعطاء أسماء للأدوية الكيميائية الطويلة (التي تكون غالباً أطول بكثير من هذا) اسماً قصير وسهل التذكر ، على الرغم من أنها لا تصف في الواقع التكوين الجزيئي. لا يوجد سوى اسم شائع واحد لأي دواء ، إذن الأدوية هي أكثر رواجاً بواسطة أسمائها الشائعة بحيث إنّ غير الكيميائيين -والذي هو حال معظمنا- لا يملكون المفردات المطلوبة للفظ أو فهم معظم أسماء المواد الكيميائية. يجب حفظ الأسماء الشائعة ، والذي من السهل القيام بذلك ، وأنها مفيدة. Arabic: الآن الاسم الثالث، الذي تصبح فيه صعبة. بينما يجب أن يملك الدواء اسم كيميائي واحد فقط واسم شائع واحد فقط ، يمكن أن يكون أي عدد من الأسماء التجارية. ذلك لأن أي شخص يصنع الدواء يمكن أن يسميها ما يريد ، والاسم الذي تم اختياره لا يكون له معنى بتاتاً ، خارج سياق التسويق. على سبيل المثال ، قد تكون على دراية بالدواء اسمه إمبيرين. حسنًا ، إن الأمبيرين هو الأسبرين، هم مرادفات تماماً. ولكن الأمبيرين هو اسم العلامة التجارية التي يتم تسجيلها ، ويمكن الإعلان عنها بأي طريقة مطلوبة من قبل منتجيها. يمكن لأي شخص آخر إنتاج الأسبرين وتسميته بما يريد أيضاً! اسم شائع آخر للدواء الذي قد تكون على دراية به، إنّه الايبوبروفين. الآن في النظر للأسماء التجارية Advil و Motrin. English: Generic names should be memorized, as it is rather easy to do so, and they are useful. Now the third name is where it gets tricky. Whereas a drug must have only one chemical name and only one generic name, it can have any number of brand names. That’s because anyone who makes the drug can call it whatever they want, and the name that is chosen is completely meaningless, outside of the context of marketing. For example, you may be familiar with a drug named Empirin. Well, Empirin is aspirin. They are completely synonymous. But Empirin is a brand name that is trademarked, and can be advertised in any manner desired by its producers. Anyone else can mass produce aspirin and call it whatever they want as well. Another generic name for a drug that you may be familiar with is ibuprofen. Now consider the brand names Advil and Motrin. Arabic: هذه هي أيضاً ايبوبروفين ، وليس سوى ايبوبروفين. حبوب منع الحمل نفسها قد تبدو مختلفة تجميلياً، لكن المكون الفعال متطابق. يمكننا أن نقول نفس الشيء عن الأسيتامينوفين وتايلينول ، وعدد لا يحصى من الأمثلة. تعتمد شركات الأدوية على تمييز العلامة التجارية كنتيجة من جهود الدعاية لجعل توجه المستهلك منحاز نحو إصدارهم من الدواء ، معتمدين على حقيقة أن معظم الناس لا يدركون أنه لا يوجد فرق ، بصرف النظر عن الجرعة. اختلاف الجرعة يظهر عندما يتم الجمع بين الأدوية. Excedrin هو مزيج من اسيتامينوفين ، الأسبرين ، والكافيين بهدف الجمع بين تأثيرات هذه الأدوية الثلاثة لإنتاج مزيل للألم أكثر فعالية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، في حين أن المكون الفعال في كل من اسم العلامة التجارية للدواء ونظيره الشائع هو 100% متطابق ، يحتمل أن يكون التناقض في التوافر البيولوجي ، English: These are also ibuprofen, and nothing but ibuprofen. The pill itself may look different cosmetically, but the active ingredient is identical. We can say the same thing about acetaminophen and Tylenol, and countless other examples. Pharmaceutical companies rely on brand recognition as a result of advertising efforts in order to produce a bias in consumer trends towards their version of the drug, resting on the fact that most people do not realize that there is no difference, apart from dosage. A difference does arise, however, when it comes to combination drugs. Excedrin is a mixture of acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine, intended to combine the effects of these three drugs to produce more effective pain relief. In addition, while the active ingredient in a brand name drug and its generic counterpart is 100 percent identical, there can potentially be a discrepancy in bioavailability, or the English: ability of the drug to move through the body to reach its target and elicit the desired effect. This is due to inactive ingredients which can influence the degree of absorption, and other related factors, but typically these discrepancies are minimal or even completely negligible. Later in the series, we will discuss the legal aspects of brand name drugs vs. generic drugs, exclusive rights, price differentials, profit margins, and other key issues associated with the sale of popular drugs. Lastly, there is one more method of classification that we must learn, and it is one that is associated with drugs that have the potential for abuse. These are drugs that have some likelihood of resulting in either physical or psychological dependency, or both. Essentially, we are talking about drug addiction. We elucidated many aspects of drug addiction in this tutorial from my biopsychology series, Arabic: أو قدرة الدواء على التحرك من خلال الجسم للوصول إلى الهدف والحصول على التأثير المطلوب. هذا بسبب المكونات غير الفعالة التي يمكن أن تؤثر على درجة الامتصاص ، والعوامل الأخرى المرتبطة، -عادة هذه التناقضات ضئيلة للغاية أو غير موجودة- في وقت لاحق من هذه السلسلة ، سنناقش الجوانب القانونية للأسماء التجارية الخاصة بالأدوية مقابل أسماء الأدوية الشائعة ، الحقوق الحصرية ، فروق الأسعار ، الربح ، الهوامش، وغيرها من القضايا الرئيسية المرتبطة في بيع الأدوية الرائجة. أخيرًا ، هناك طريقة أخرى للتصنيف يجب علينا أن نتعلمها ، وهي المرتبطة بالأدوية التي يمكن أن يتم سوء معاملتها هذه الأدوية لها احتمالية أن تؤدي إلى الإدمان الجسدي أو النفسي أو كليهما. بشكل أساسي، نحن نتحدث عن إدمان الأدوية. أوضحنا العديد من جوانب إدمان الأدوية في هذا البرنامج التعليمي في سلسلة علم النفس الحيوي الخاص بي ، English: so be sure to check that out for more information or further clarification on certain terminology. Otherwise, let’s simply understand that drugs with this quality are called scheduled drugs, and they are classified according to the degree of their potential for abuse. Schedule I drugs have the highest potential for abuse, followed by II, III, IV, and then schedule V drugs have the lowest potential for abuse. The greater the abuse potential, the less therapeutic application a drug typically has, so schedule I drugs include drugs like heroin, which is the most addictive substance known to man. Schedule II drugs have some therapeutic purpose but still a very high dependency potential, such as morphine, and cocaine. Schedule III drugs include ketamine, anabolic steroids, and products with low levels of codeine. Schedule IV drugs include Valium and Xanax. Arabic: لذلك تأكد من التحقق من ذلك لمزيد من المعلومات أو مزيد من التوضيح على بعض المصطلحات. من ناحية أخرى ، دعونا نفهم ذلك بشكل بسيط، تسمى الأدوية بهذه الجودة "جدولة الأدوية" ، وأنها تصنف وفقاً لدرجة إمكانية سوء المعاملة. أدوية الجدول الأول لديها أعلى الإمكانيات لسوء المعاملة ، تليها بالتدريج الجداول الثانية والثالثة والرابعة ، ثم أدوية الجدول الخامس لديها أدنى إمكانية محتملة لسوء المعاملة. وكلما زاد احتمال سوء المعاملة ، كلما قلّ نموذجياً التطبيق العلاجي للدواء عادة ، الجدول الأول للأدوية تشمل المخدرات مثل الهيروين ، وهي أكثر مادة معروفة تسبب الإدمان للمرء. الجدول الثاني للأدوية له بعض الأغراض العلاجية ولكن لا يزال احتمال الإدمان عالياً جداً ، مثل المورفين ، والكوكايين. الجدول الثالث للأدوية يشمل الكيتامين ،المُنشِّطات البِنائِيَّة ، ومنتجات ذات مستويات منخفضة من الكودايين. ويشمل الجدول الرابع للأدوية الفاليوم وزاناكس. English: And schedule V drugs include things like cough medicines, and are often available over the counter. These have a very low dependency potential. We should note that some drugs that do cause addiction are not included in this classification, such as alcohol and caffeine. We should also note that there can be propaganda associated with the placement of certain drugs in a particular schedule, such as marijuana and LSD qualifying as schedule I drugs, given that there is little to no evidence that these substances produce any kind of dependency that could be comparable to a substance like heroin. So with that, we are beginning to piece together an understanding of how we categorize drugs, and how we name them. As we move through this series, the categories and names of drugs will become more familiar, and gaps will get filled in as we begin to develop a broader and more comprehensive knowledge base. Arabic: والجدول الخامس يشمل أشياء مثل أدوية السعال، وغالباً ما تكون متاحة دون وصفة طبية. هذه لها إمكانية إدمان منخفضة للغاية. يجب أن نلاحظ أن بعض الأدوية التي تسبب إدمان غير متضمنة في هذا التصنيف ، مثل الكحول والكافيين. يجب أن نلاحظ أيضًا أنه يمكن أن يكون هناك ترويج مرتبط بوضع بعض الأدوية في جدول معين ، مثل الماريجوانا و LSD التي تصنف حسب الجدول الأول ، بالنظر إلى أنه لا يوجد دليل يذكر على أن هذه المواد تسبب أي نوع من الإدمان الذي يمكن مقارنته بمادة مثل الهيروين. لذلك ، بدأنا في تجميع إدراك كيفية تصنيف الأدوية ، وكيف نسميهم. أثناء مسيرتنا خلال هذه السلسلة ، تصنيفات وأسماء الأدوية سوف تصبح مألوفة أكثر ، وسيتم ملء الفجوات عندما نبدأ في تطوير قاعدة معرفية أوسع وأكثر شمولاً. English: But before we start that process, let’s go through some more general concepts. Arabic: ولكن قبل أن نبدأ هذه العملية ، دعونا نتخطى المزيد من المفاهيم العامة. شكراً لحسن المشاهدة اشتركوا بقناتي للمزيد من الدروس التعليمية ادعموني في باتريون لكي أستطيع القيام بالمزيد من المحتوى وكما جرت العادة، يمكنك مراسلتي بالإيميل مجاناً "الخاتمة"

English: Jezz, this one is very sour, Marcos! [MAKING PUKE SOUNDS] ♪ SLOW PACED TUBA MUSIC ♪ Wow! Lot's of candy! Look! Which one is this? Oh! Fini Jelly from Trolls, Marcos! Hey, daddy! Do you know Trolls? Hey, daddy, look! Which one is this? No, daddy, look! Look, there's more! Look, daddy, look! They are the same! Yes, they are the same. Strawberry and strawberry! Strawberry and strawberry, but this one has orange in it. Orange filling. Let's see what else we've got. We have tutti-frutti, strawberry, blackberry, citric candy worms, mini bears, kisses... Wow, kisses! [KISS SOUND] What about this one? Teeth! Dentures. Look, there's two of them. Same! Small and large! Yes, small and large. Troll's jelly, and you know what this is? Worms! [MAIKITO REPEATS] Worms. Portuguese: Ixiii, isso daqui deve ser ácido, Marcos! [FAZENDO SOM DE VÔMITO] ♪ MÚSICA DE TUBA EM RITMO LENTO ♪ Uau! Muito doce! Olha! Qual é esse? Óóó! Fini Gelatinas do Trolls, Marcos! Ó, pai! Você conhece os Trolls? Ó, pai, olha! Qual é esse? Não, pai, olha! Olha, tem mais! Olha, pai, iguais! São iguais. Morango e morango! Morango e morango, só que esse daqui tem laranja dentro. Recheio de laranja. Vamos ver tudo que a gente tem. Tem de tutti-frutti, morango, amoras, minhocas cítricas, ursinhos mini, beijos... Uau, beijos! [SOM DE BEIJO] E esse daqui, é o quê? Dentadura! Dentaduras! Ihhh, tem outro de dentaduras. Iguais! Pequeno e grande! Pequeno e grande. Tem o do Trolls gelatinas e esse daqui, Marcos. Sabe o que que é isso? Minhocas! Minhocas! Portuguese: Papai, vamos abrir! Vamos abrir. Fala, galera, bom dia! Se você acabou de chegar no vídeo, já escreve nos comentários 'Cheguei'! Cheguei! Hoje a gente vai abrir e experimentar vários doces da Fini! Olha quanta variedade a gente tem! Tem de tutti-frutti, tem de morango, tem de amoras, tem cítrico, tem beijo, tem até dentadura, Marcos! Você gostou desse, né? Papai! Esse daqui é de morango! Vamos abrir! Você quer abrir esse primeiro? Sim! Vamos começar pelo Trolls? Sim! [SOM DE PAPEL DE BALA SENDO ABERTO] Uaaau! Pai, esse é muito bom! ♪ MÚSICA DE TUBA EM RITMO LENTO ♪ Muito bom, pai! É bom? É! Posso experimentar um? Não! Pode, o rosa! O rosa? Mas você experimentou o azul. O azul é gostoso? Azul, azul, azul... ...iguais! Todos iguais. E eu experimento o rosa então? Tá. Deixa eu ver se o rosa é bom, deixa eu ver. English: Daddy, let's open it! Ok, let's open it. Hey folks, good morning! If you've just started watching, leave a comment saying 'I'm here!' I'm here! Today we're gonna try lots of Fini candies! Look how many we've got! We have tutti-frutti, strawberry, blackberry, citric, kisses, we even have dentures, Marcos! You liked this one, right? Daddy! This is... strawberry! Let's open it! You want to start with this one? Yes! We're gonna start with Trolls? Yes! [CANDY WRAPPER CRINKLING SOUND] Wooow! Daddy, this one is so good! ♪ SLOW PACED TUBA MUSIC ♪ So good, daddy! Really good? Yes! Can I try one? No! Try the pink one! Pink? But you tried the blue one. Did you like the blue one? Blue, blue, blue... ...same! They are all the same. And I should try the pink one, then? Ok. Let's see if the pink is any good. Portuguese: ♪ MÚSICA DISCO RELAXANTE ♪ Muito bom! E muito macio também! Ele parece de gelatina! Hummm! Vamos abrir esse! Vamos abrir esse agora? Esse daqui, deixa eu ver o nome... esse é o Regaliz Ácido Tubes! Ixi, essa daqui deve ser ácido, Marcos! [FAZENDO SOM DE VÔMITO] Mostra a língua! Urgh, sua língua tá azul! [SOM DE PAPEL DE BALA SENDO ABERTO] Eita! Quem começa experimentando, eu ou você? Olha, pai! Muito mole! Pai! Eu primeiro, né? Você não quer arriscar, né? Isso aqui não tá com pinta de ser açúcar não, isso daqui parece ser ácido, Marcos! [FAZENDO SOM DE VÔMITO] Será que é doce? [SOM DE TIC TAC] [SOM DE PRATOS BATENDO] Urgh! Muito ácido! [RISOS] Quer experimentar? Não, não quero. Não, né? Não. Muito espertinho você! Pai, eu vou experimentar esse. English: ♪ RELAXING DISCO MUSIC ♪ Sooo good! And very soft, too! It feels like jelly! Hmmm! Let's open this one now. This one? Let's see which one is this... it's Regaliz Sour Tubes! Jezz, this one is gonna be very sour, Marcos! [MAKING PUKE SOUNDS] Show me your tongue! Ew, it turned blue! [CANDY WRAPPER CRINKLING SOUND] Yey! Who'll try it first, you or me? Look, daddy! It's very floppy! Daddy! You want me to go first, huh? You don't wanna risk yourself, huh? I don't think this is sugar, Marcos, I think it's sour sugar! [MAKING PUKE SOUNDS] Let's see if it's sweet. [CLOCK TICKING SOUND] [CYMBALS CRASH SOUND] Aaargh! Too sour! [LAUGHING] You wanna try it? No, I don't want it. Not really, huh? No. Smarty-pants! Now I want to try this one. Portuguese: Você quer experimentar esse? Não, não esse. Esse não? Sim! Sim? Esses daqui são os ursinhos mini! Vamos abrir? Sim! [SOM DE PAPEL DE BALA SENDO ABERTO] Eita! Muito ursinho. Qual que a gente experimenta primeiro? Amarelo! Amarelo? Começa você agora, começa você! Primeiro você! Pai, é um soco! É um soco? Um soco! Um mini soco! Hummm, muito bom! É bom? Aprovado? Bate aqui! 'Oh yeah, baby'! Agora vou experimentar... Eu quero experimentar um também! Qual que eu experimento? O verde? Obrigado. Vamos ver se é bom, vamos ver. ♪ MÚSICA DISCO RELAXANTE ♪ Hummm! Muito bom! Esse! Esse? O beijo? Hummm, esse daqui eu acho que é de morango, Marcos, morango com mashmallow! Você gosta de morango? Sim! De morango! English: You wanna try this one? No, not this. Not this one? Yes! Yes? These are mini bears! Let's open it? Yes! [CANDY WRAPPER CRINKLING SOUND] Yey! Lot's of little bears. Which one you wanna try first? Yellow! The yellow one? This time you go first! You go first! Look, daddy, it's a punch! A punch? A punch! A mini punch! Hmm, very good! It's good? You liked it? Gimme five! Oh yeah, baby! Now I want to try... I want to try one too! Which one should I try? The green one? Thank you. Let's see if it's good. ♪ RELAXING DISCO MUSIC ♪ Hmmmmm! Very good! Now this! This one? The kisses? I think this one is strawberry and marshmallow, Marcos! Do you like strawberry? Yes! Strawberry! English: [CANDY WRAPPER CRINKLING SOUND] ♪ with Slow Paced Tuba Music in the brackground ♪ Daddy, look! Poing! Poing! Take it, daddy! Poing! Very soft! Look, it's very soft. Poing! Poing! Poing! I'll go first? Let's see if it's good. ♪ RELAXING DISCO MUSIC ♪ Hmmm! Tastes like marshmallow, it's very good! Try one, it's really good! Hmm. Very soft! See if you like it. Hmm, very good, daddy. It's good, huh? Approved! Which one should we try next? This one! This one? Blackberry! No, no, mini blackberry! Mini blackberry! I made a mistake. Which one do you prefer, the red or the black one? The red one. Red one? Then let's open it. [CANDY WRAPPER CRINKLING SOUND] Yey! Yey! Hmmm, it must be really good. Portuguese: [SOM DE PAPEL DE BALA SENDO ABERTO] com ♪ Música de Tuba em Ritmo Lento ao fundo ♪ Pai, olha! Poing! Poing! Olha, pai, toma! Poing Muito macio! Olha, ele é muito mole. Poing! Poing! Poing! Eu primeiro? Vamos ver se é bom. ♪ MÚSICA DISCO RELAXANTE ♪ Hummm! Parece marshmallow, muito bom! Experimenta um, é muito bom, é muito bom! Hummm. Muito macio! Vê o que você acha. Hummm, muito bom, pai. É bom, né? Aprovado! Agora qual que a gente escolhe? Esse! Esse? Amoras! Não, não, amorinhas! Amorinha! Eu errei, confundi. Qual você prefere, a vermelha ou a preta? A vermelha. A vermelha? Então vamos abrir. [SOM DE PAPEL DE BALA SENDO ABERTO] Eita! Eita! Hummm, deve ser muito bom! Portuguese: ♪ MÚSICA DE TUBA EM RITMO LENTO ♪ Hummm, muito bom, pai! Muito bom? Aprovado? Eu quero experimentar um, qual eu experimento, vermelha ou preta? Preta. Preta! Será que a preta é boa? O cheiro é bom, vamos ver. ♪ MÚSICA DE TUBA EM RITMO LENTO ♪ Urgh, muito ruim! Muito ruim! Não gostei. Não gostei! [SOM DE FRACASSO] [SOM DE FRACASSO] [FAZENDO SOM DE FRACASSO] Agora a gente tem mais sete pra escolher, Marcos, qual que a gente escolhe? Esse! Esse grande? Essa é a dentadura, são iguais! Então já vamos juntar os dois, né, se são iguais, só muda o tamanho. É mini dentadura e dentão! Qual que você prefere, dentinho ou dentão? Dentinho! Dentinho? [SOM DE PAPEL DE BALA SENDO ABERTO] com ♪ Música de Tuba em Ritmo Lento ao fundo ♪ Eita! Muito dente! Olha, pai, olha! Parece o Marcos! Parece o Marcos? Não, não o Marcos. Marcos? Sim. English: ♪ SLOW PACED TUBA MUSIC ♪ Hmmm, very good, daddy! Very good? Approved? I want to try, which one should I try, red or black? Black. Black! I wonder if the black one is good. It smells good, let's see. ♪ SLOW PACED TUBA MUSIC ♪ Yuuuck, it's really bad! [MAIKITO REPEATS] Really bad! I didn't liked it. [MAIKITO REPEATS] I didn't like it. [FAIL SOUND] [FAIL SOUND] [MAKING FAIL SOUNDS] We still have seven to try, which one should we pick? This one! The big one? This is the denture, they are the same! Then let's try both, since they are the same. It's mini denture and big denture! Which one do you prefer, mini denture or big denture? Mini denture! Mini denture? [CANDY WRAPPER CRINKLING SOUND] Yey! Lots of dentures! Look, daddy, look! It looks like Marcos! Looks like Marcos? No, not Marcos. Marcos? Yes. English: Let me see... wow! Look at this, Marcos, it looks like your teeth! I'm gonna put them on. Look! [CREEPY LAUGH] [CREEPY LAUGH] You think it's good? I do. You wanna try it first or should I? You go first. Let's see if it's good. ♪ RELAXING DISCO MUSIC ♪ Hmmm, very good! Daddy, it's very good! ♪ RELAXING DISCO MUSIC ♪ Hmmm, very good, daddy! Now we have five more to try, which one should we pick? This one, this one! Look! This one? Yes. Jeez, this one is sour as well, Marcos. I'm scared. Oh no, sour! Very sour! Folks, this one is just like the other sour one we tried before, but that one had orange and this one doesn't, so it must be even more sour. Portuguese: Deixa eu ver... uau! Olha isso, Marcos, parece seu dente! Deixa eu colocar, vou colocar. Olha! [RISADA SINISTRA] [RISADA SINISTRA] Será que é bom? Sim. Olha, pai... Quer experimentar primeiro ou eu experimento primeiro? Você experimenta primeiro. Vamos ver se é bom, vamos ver se é bom esse dente. ♪ MÚSICA DISCO RELAXANTE ♪ Hummm, muito bom! Pai, deixa eu ver se é muito bom! ♪ MÚSICA DISCO RELAXANTE ♪ Hummm, muito bom, pai! Agora a gente tem mais cinco, Marcos, qual que a gente escolhe pra experimentar? Esse, esse, olha! Esse aqui? Sim. Eita, esse daqui é ácido também, Marcos! Eu tô com medo. Aiii, ácido! Muito ácido! Galera, esse aqui é igual ao outro que a gente experimentou, só que o outro tinha laranja dentro e esse não tem laranja, então ele deve ser mais ácido! Portuguese: Eu tô com muito medo, Marcos! Muito medo! [SOM DE PAPEL DE BALA SENDO ABERTO] Eita! Muito grande! Pai, olha, tem três! São três. Papai, olha, eu vou te dar esse. Obrigado, esse é pra mim? Sim. Quem experimenta primeiro? Eu tô com muito medo. Muito medo! Eu primeiro ou o Marcos? Eu primeiro. [SOM DE PRATOS BATENDO] Urgh! Muito ácido! Ácido! Muito ácido? Eita, agora eu tô com medo! Me dá um pedaço, deixa eu ver se é bom. Uuurgh! Muito ácido! Galera, esses ácido tubes são muito ácidos! E ainda tem esse pra gente experimentar. Qual que a gente experimenta agora, Marcos? Esse! Ixiii... English: I'm very scared, Marcos! [MAIKITO REPEATS] Very scared! [CANDY WRAPPER CRINKLING SOUND] Wooow! Very big! Daddy, look, there's three of them! Yes, three. Here, daddy, you get this one. Thank you, this is for me? Yes. And who will try it first? I'm very scared. [MAIKITO REPEATS] Very scared! I go first or you go first? I go first. [CYMBALS CRASH SOUND] Yuck! Very sour! Sour! Is it very sour? Jeez, now I'm scared! Give me a piece, let me see if it's good. Aaargh! Too sour! Folks, this sour tubes are seriously sour! And we still have one more to try. Which one should we try now, Marcos? This one! Jeez... English: Daddy, this is very sour. Are you sure? No, no, it's too sour. I'm scared again. [CANDY WRAPPER CRINKLING SOUND] Wow, this one is pink. This one is pink, yes. Daddy, let's try... this one! This one first? Let me see if it's good. [CYMBALS CRASH SOUND] Aaargh! It's good and sour at the same time! Sour then good, sour then good, sour then good. Aaargh! It's too sour! It's too sour, but you want to eat more! Aaargh! More! More! More! ♪ SLOW PACED TUBA MUSIC ♪ Aaargh! Too sour! Three to go, which one should we pick? The yellow one! The yellow one? Worms! Portuguese: Pai, esse é muito ácido. Você tem certeza? Não, não, é muito ácido. Eu tô com medo de novo. [SOM DE PAPEL DE BALA SENDO ABERTO] com ♪ Música de Tuba em Ritmo Lento ao fundo ♪ Eita, esse é rosa. Esse é rosa. Pai, quero experimentar... esse! Esse primeiro? Deixa eu ver se é bom, deixa eu ver, deixa eu ver. [SOM DE PRATOS BATENDO] Uuurgh! Ele é bom e ácido ao mesmo tempo, Marcos! Ele é ácido e é bom, ácido, bom, ácido, bom. Uuurgh! Ele é muito ácido! Ele é muito ácido, mas dá vontade de comer mais. Uuurgh! Mais! Mais! Mais! Mais! Mais! ♪ MÚSICA DE TUBA EM RITMO LENTO ♪ Uuurgh! Muito ácido! Tem mais três, Marcos, qual que a gente escolhe agora? Amarelo! O amarelo? Minhocas! Portuguese: Pai, espera, deixa eu ver. [SOM DE PAPEL DE BALA SENDO ABERTO] Uau! Muita minhoca, Marcos! Olha o tamanho dessa minhoca. Pai, eu quero experimentar... o vermelho! São minhocas pequenas! Pai, deixa eu ver se é muito bom! Hummm, muito bom! Se é bom eu vou experimentar então, né, Marcos. Que cor eu escolho, que cor? [FALANDO INGLÊS] Orange (Laranja)! 'Orange'? Nossa, em inglês. 'Orange'. Como é que fala em português 'orange'? Laranja. Laranja. Vamos ver se esse laranja é bom. Será que é boa, Marcos, essa minhoca? Eu tô com muito medo! É boa? Você experimentou a vermelha, né? A laranja eu não sei. ♪ MÚSICA DISCO RELAXANTE ♪ Hummm! Muito bom! Agora sobraram dois, galera! Tem minhocas cítricas e morango tubes. Qual que a gente experimenta, Marcos? Morango tubes! Morango tubes? O Marcos gostou muito, hein, dos tubes! English: Wait, daddy, let me see. [CANDY WRAPPER CRINKLING SOUND] Wooow! Lot's of worms, Marcos! Check out the size of this one. I want to try... the red one! They are tiny worms! Daddy, the red one is really good! Hmmm, very good! If you say it's good, then I want to try it. Which color should I pick? [SPEAKING IN ENGLISH] Orange! Orange? Wow, in English. Orange it is, then. How do you say 'orange' in Portuguese? Laranja (orange). Laranja (orange). Let's see if this orange one is good. You think it's good, Marcos? I'm scared! It's good? You tried the red one, right? I don't know about the orange one. ♪ RELAXING DISCO MUSIC ♪ Hmmm! Very good! We are down to two, folks! We have citric worms and strawberry tubes. Which one should we try, Marcos? Strawberry tubes! Strawberry tubes? Marcos really liked the tubes! Portuguese: [SOM DE PAPEL DE BALA SENDO ABERTO] com ♪ Música de Tuba em Ritmo Lento ao fundo ♪ [SOM DE BATIDA] [SOM DE BATIDA] Eita! Muito grande! Pai, deixa eu ver se é bom. Muito bom, pai! Muito bom? Aprovado? Style! Style! Minha vez agora, deixa eu ver se é bom. Pelo menos eu acho que não é ácido, pelo jeito. ♪ MÚSICA DISCO RELAXANTE ♪ Hummm! Muito bom! Muito bom! Aprovado! E por último temos as minhocas cítricas, que eu acho que é uma mistura das minhocas que a gente já experimentou com o ácido tube. Deve ser muito ácido, Marcos! Muito ácido! [SOM DE PAPEL DE BALA SENDO ABERTO] com ♪ Música de Tuba em Ritmo Lento ao fundo ♪ Uooou, muita minhoca, Marcos! Pai, eu quero experimentar... a vermelha! Vermelha? Quem experimenta, eu ou você? Eu! Então vai. English: [CANDY WRAPPER CRINKLING SOUND] ♪ with Slow Paced Tuba Music in the brackground ♪ [HITTING SOUNDS] [HITTING SOUNDS] Yey! Very big! Daddy, this one is very good. Very good, daddy! Very good? Approved? Style! [MAIKITO REPEATS] Style! My turn now, let's see if it's good. At least it doesn't look sour. ♪ RELAXING DISCO MUSIC ♪ Hmmm! Very good! [MAIKITO REPEATS] Very good! Approved! And the very last are the citric worms, which I think is a mix of the worms we've tried before and the sour tubes! They must be very sour, Marcos! [MAIKITO REPEATS] Very sour! [CANDY WRAPPER CRINKLING SOUND] ♪ with Slow Paced Tuba Music in the brackground ♪ Wooow, lots or worms, Marcos! Daddy, I wanna try... the red one! Red one? Who goes first, you or I? Me! Then go for it. English: ♪ SLOW PACED TUBA MUSIC ♪ Hmm, very good! Very good? [SPEAKING IN ENGLISH] Amazing? Incredible? [MAIKITO REPEATS] Incredible! Oh yeah, baby! [MAIKITO REPEATS] Oh yeah, baby! Should I try the red one too? Let me see. ♪ RELAXING DISCO MUSIC ♪ Hmmmm! It's sour and good at the same time! [MAIKITO REPEATS] Same time! It's a mix of sour and good! ♪ RELAXING DISCO MUSIC ♪ Hmm, very good! What color is this? Blue! Very good! What about this one? Green! Very good! And this one? [SPEAKING SPANISH] Amarillo (yellow)! Very good! And this one? [SPEAKING ENGLISH] Orange! Orange! And this one? [SPEAKING SPANISH] Rojo (red)! Rojo (red)! And in Portuguese? Verme... red! 'Red' is in English, what about in Portuguese? Vermelho (red)! Vermelho (red)! Oh yeah, baby! Gimme five, champ! If you've watched up to this point, leave a comment saying 'Stylish Fini candy'! Stylish Fini candy! Very stylish! [MAIKITO REPEATS] Very stylish! Portuguese: ♪ MÚSICA DE TUBA EM RITMO LENTO ♪ Hum, muito bom, pai! Muito bom? [FALANDO INGLÊS] 'Amazing' (Maravilhoso)? 'Incredible' (Incrível)? 'Incredible'! 'Oh yeah, baby'! 'Oh yeah, baby'! Eu experimento a vermelha também? Deixa eu ver, deixa eu ver. ♪ MÚSICA DISCO RELAXANTE ♪ Hummm! É ácida e boa ao mesmo tempo! Ao mesmo tempo! É uma mistura de ácido com bom! ♪ MÚSICA DISCO RELAXANTE ♪ Hummm, muito bom! Que cor é essa? Azul! Muito bem! E essa? Verde! Muito bem! E essa? [FALANDO ESPANHOL] 'Amarillo' (Amarelo)! Muito bem! E essa? [FALANDO INGLÊS] 'Orange' (Laranja)! Laranja! E essa? [FALANDO ESPANHOL] 'Rojo' (Vermelho)! Rojo! E em português? Verme... red! 'Red' é em inglês, e em português? Vermelho! Vermelho! 'Oh yeah, baby'! Bate aqui, campeão! Se você chegou até aqui, escreve nos comentários 'Bala Fini Style' pra gente ficar sabendo! Bala Fini Style! Muito style! Muito style! English: I hope you've enjoyed this video, if you did please leave your 'Like', if you'd like to see more videos of us trying candies here on the channel, leave a comment to let us know. That's all for today. A kiss... ...a hug... ...and I'm out! My turn! What's a kiss like? Kisses! A kiss... a hug... ...and I'm out! ♪ RELAXING DISCO MUSIC ♪ Portuguese: Espero que você tenha gostado do vídeo, se gostou deixa um 'Like' Se quiser mais vídeos experimentando doces aqui no canal, deixa aí nos comentários pra gente ficar sabendo. A gente vai ficando por aqui. Um beijo... ... um abraço... ... fui! Agora o Marcos! Como é que faz um beijo? Beijo! Um beijo... um abraço... ... fui! ♪ MÚSICA DISCO RELAXANTE ♪

Malala, it's such a privilege to meet you, thank you for giving us some time. Thank you for your time. With your first book, I Am Malala, obviously you were telling your story and with this new book, We Are Displaced, it's a communal story. You do talk about yourself but you also introduce us to several other young girls from around the world. You all have very, very specific stories to tell, but I wondered whether there was anything that actually united all of you together? All the stories that I share in We Are Displaced are the stories of young girls who have been displaced. And we often hear about these young girls and these displaced people but we never hear from them and my goal was that this is an opportunity that we hear from these girls in their own words. There is something extraordinary actually about reading each of the individual stories that there is this strength of character and resolve to survive actually throughout each of their stories. I wondered where that comes from and you will know from your own story where that resolve came from. I think the strength that I see in these refugee girls is inspiring and it's something that you feel like they were in a situation where they were about to shatter and give up or they gained so much strength that they said that nothing can defeat them and they can overcome any barrier. And the journeys that they have taken you know going on a bus with strangers jumping into these boats with people they have not seen before, putting their lives at risk, do not know if they will reach the place that they dream of, a nice beach, a place where there is peace, a place where they can get their education or get a job. Would they ever get to that place or not? And the fact that they cannot stay in their home because there is bombing, their lives are at risk, they have lost their parents, there are people who are threatening their lives. So all I see is this courage among these girls. There's a very striking image quite early on in your story; when you were packing to leave your home you gathered together a collection of books which you put together in a bag and you were told you couldn't take that bag with you, there was not enough room so you were very upset and had to leave those books behind. I wanted first of all if you could tell me what was so important for you about those books for you personally. That was my schoolbag and those were my schoolbooks and I just did not want to miss out on anything. I wanted to continue my education, continue learning and just continue touching the books just to feel like I still have access to the power of education. And it's also important for girls, especially in communities where otherwise they would be kept inside their houses. And there are so many external barriers so the only way out for girls is to get an education, you know, get a job, become independent, speak out for themselves, protect them from early child marriages, child trafficking. So education in a way is not just learning but also a protection for girls and in an empowerment for girls. So for me I just said I want to be close to my books but my mom said no you know this is time that we are leaving our homes, we are going to a place, we don't know if we will get there or not, so pack some clothes and some shoes and that's it. In fact when you returned home the first thing you did was to go upstairs and check that the books were still there! I went and I was checking my bag and in the books were all there and I was so happy because I did not want to miss out on my school education. As soon as I came back I said I'll continue reading the same books. Now of course you're in the UK at University, at Oxford. I wonder what it's like, having known how precious it was, that small bag of books, to now be able to walk into a bookshop or a university library and see that huge array of books. Yeah I'm so grateful every day, there are so many libraries, every college has a library then they're like university libraries, you can literally find any book there. So I'm just so grateful. I always dreamed about getting into Oxford University and you know finally I'm here it's a prestigious and great institution and I I'm just so grateful for it. You also mention in the book that when it became clear that you and your family were going to have to leave Swat Valley you you cried and you say that you did that despite not normally being a very emotional person. I was quite struck by that idea because you do have this strength of character and in fact you share that with the other girls in your new book. But I wondered whether everything you've been through, has that sort of strengthened that resolve of character or encountering other girls and similar stories has that helped you to sort of tap into the emotions again for what you've been through. To be honest it's a mix of emotions. You know you hear from these young girls and they inspire you because of their courage. You know one girl is forcing to get married at the age of 14 and and she runs away and she protects herself from that. Another girl is crossing the borders or another girl sees her mother being killed in front of her and she's still not giving up and is studying in the U.S. wanting to become a nurse. So you know these are just so powerful and inspiring stories, it is emotional you know, it does make you cry, does bring tears into your eyes. But it makes your heart even stronger. I'm just getting inspired from these girls. I have my own journey as well but when you are in that situation, you know, you have so many other difficulties and so many other challenges that you just forget about crying, you just forget about tears and you forget about you know becoming weak and just you know you have so many other things to worry about. You mentioned there about inspiration. Of course so many people have been inspired by your story not least people like Michelle Obama and people around the world and I wondered who you got inspiration from? I have many inspirations like from Martin Luther King, to Nelson Mandela, to Benazir Bhutto. And there's so many incredible people in the history that inspire us. But the people who inspire me mostly and deeply are the girls who I meet. You know the girls I've met in Iraq, in Nigeria, in Jordan and Lebanon, in Brazil; these stories are so inspiring. And some of the stories I have mentioned in my book which will inspire people who will read these stories; their resilience and bravery inspire me. I think it will inspire readers and in fact on finishing the book there will be lots of people who will wonder what can I do to improve the lot of people like this. Do you have any advice of you know what people could actually practically do on finishing your book to help? There are many ways in which people can help. I think the first one is to learn more about refugees and their stories and just go beyond statistics and figures. Secondly you know I share the story of one woman in the US who is out there helping refugees in her community, Jennifer is her name. So just like how we can help refugees in our community whether it's helping them in their shopping or helping them apply to universities or just having a conversation with them or a cup of tea with them. But also the final thing is that you can buy the book because you know you will learn about the stories but also when you buy the book the money goes straight to the work that we do at Malala Fund for refugee girls' education. Well as you say, all of the girls in this book have incredibly inspiring stories to tell, as I say that strength of character is I think something that's common in all of you and so thank you for sharing not only your story but theirs too. Thank you, it was great talking to you.

Robin Williams Movies List

English: 🍵TEA TIME🍵 🍵🍵🍵🍵🍵🍵🍵🍵🍵 OOOH BOI Hi Im have hwk to do so goodbye English: 🍵TEA TIME🍵 tEaAa TiMeE 🍵🍵🍵🍵 GLuG glug gLUg gLug GLUG! A H H OH BOY do we have some more tea There's been tea spilling freaking EVERYWHERE NOW, Jake Paul, out of nowhere- Nobody: *chuckle* Jake Paul: C O D Y K O I S A B U L L Y Jake Paul tried to cancel Cody Ko And it's some beautiful cringe That we're gonna watch now Ah- Let's enjoy Good times- His face was PRICELESS ᴏʜ ᴍʏ ɢᴏᴅ For those of you who don't know, Cody Ko is a.... *thinks* Commentary channel?? He makes fun of other people's content for a living?? And Jake Paul has a couple things to say to Jake Paul (nice one) No more hiding behind the screen, FACE-TO-FACE I assume it's gonna be something like UhHH COdY kO, yoU knOW I cOULd bEaT yOu Up, MaN bUT i'M nOt gONNa yOu bULLy yOu'Re BULLY, CoDy I DON'T LIKE YOU, CODY (video: screaming in background) A BUH BUH BLUHP BLUP- I- I gotta put something on the *mumbles* English: Video: AHHHH *people talking* Yo. Did you see his face? That was PRICELESS. Let's zoom in on that face *Cody Ko zoom* He's smiling normally Aheh- That's worth at least a MILLION comies *very sped up Jake Paul talking* frick his life *sped up talking continues* Frick his life UP is the general exception But I can't really fault him for not speaking perfectly *weird noise* *sped up talking* JP: UM- I'm about to confront one of my biggest "haters" JP: 28 year old wannabe comedian Cody Ko OHHHH he called him wannabe comedian !! Ehee- heehee teeeaa *slurping noises* Ohhhhhhh sh*t heh Twenty eight? I'm twenty nine ohhh nOoO JP: *sped up* The first time when he was working at Fullscreen, Which is like a Youtube community network as like, a little uh- Am I watching this- is two times and I didn't even realize- sorry, okay JP: And now, he just sh*ts on people- *licc* JP: -to become famous That's- that's- that's it English: I'm not Youtube's... hero, I'm not here to like Save the day and, and like, you know *hums vague theme* *hums vague theme* like all this- No one- *chuckles* No one is thinking that, Jake *laughing* Don't worry, you don't need to specify *laughs* Ohh god, this is so funny JP: This guy, Cody Ko, is a bully He's a cyberbully and I HATE *constipated face* - I f**king HATE cyberbullies- Like I HATE it, it's the worst thing in the world, people- Wasn't there a bunch of allegations that Jake Paul was a bully in school That was never really adressed? Alright so what's the problem with Cody Ko then, what did he do? JP: -hiding behind the computers, talking shit about other people It's consumed our generation, it's consumed our society, and I think it's- *struggling* -LARGELY in part to do with these... NEGATIVE.. TROLLS, ONLINE, who have 2.5 million subscribers all the way to people like Keemstar Who have even more subscribers than that that just spread negativity Into the earth, I fucking HATE IT, I don't understand it- Did he just swear? English: DID JAKE PAUL JUST S W E A R?? J A K E P A U L M A D E A S W O R E *police sirens* JAKE PAUL MADE A SWORE JAKE PAUL MADE A S W O R E What the frick man? Now, I watched Cody Ko's content and it's gen- generally just poking fun, Or cringing at, what other people create, I don't really- *heh* -see him going ᶠᵏ ᵗʰⁱˢ ᶠᵘᶜᵏⁱⁿᵍ ʲᵃᵏᵉ ᵖᵃᵘˡ ᵍᵘʸ ʰᵉ'ˢ ᶠᵏⁿ ᶜᵃⁿᶜᵉʳ ʷʰᵃᵗ ᵃ ˡᵒˢᵉʳ ˡᵒᵒᵏ ᵃᵗ ʰⁱˢ ˢᵗᵘᵖⁱᵈ ᶠᵃᶜᵉ Like- JP: And I want to like, put a voice up against it Uh, maybe- Start a conversation about how we can stop it And maybe not support these types of people who are literally Causing the youth to be like- Negative, and-and have like, a lot of aminosity- I like how Jake Paul, out of all people, is criticizing how other people are influencing the youth I think that's- he's DEFINITELY the right person to do that *laughing* Thank you Jake Paul, What could we possibly do without you? English: JP: The reason I feel like I can, like, touch on this subject and it be completely fair is because Cody Ko has made probably like, ten videos now and dozens of tweets talking shit about m- not only me but my brother- He criticizes song, he said he doesn't like Logan Paul DAAMN he's got 64,000 retweets That's the one that got in the bag What was that one? *reads tweet* Oh- HAHAHA ohh, that's funny JP: -not only me but my brother, and, they're some of his like most viewed videos As I said, I don't like making these videos and like, to me it's kinda like, ahughshs this is fukinn just like, doing shit Just to like, talk- CAN YOU STOP SWEARING WHAT THE FRICK JP: -shit about each other, uh, but no that- They censored the first one WHO'S EDITING YOUR VIDEOS JAKE GOD DAMN English: JP: -where this video is going is, I am, uh, I am going to CONFRONT Cody Ko in person TODAY. The backstory of this is, my friend Jeff- Clip: my name ehh JEFF -has like a podcast- *hysterical laughing* *inhale* J E F F JP: -Youtube kinda show where he interviews guests And Cody Ko is going on to his Barber Shop guest podcast thingie today And Jeff called me and was like yo, I know you and Cody Ko have had beef in the past I thought it'd be funny if you came out and you confronted Cody in person And got his reaction on camera Sounds like your friend J E F F got you baited, son *giggling* Sounds like JEFF just wanted more attention And he knew you'd fall for it Goddammit, Jake So I think, you know, If I was Jake Paul, and I was gonna do this, I would bring up some examples On why this Cody Ko guy is such a threat, or what he said that's soo bad Spoilers, he doesn't *laughs* It actually makes his jokes 10x funnier English: Because Jake Paul is putting them up there like hOw cOuLD he sAy tHIs?? Cody: Oh I think he's starting to maybe throw some shade at his brother! JP: So, he's just deciding all of the sudden that it's time t-to, SHIT on somebody (Cody: his brother, jake paul) Cody: If you don't know, his fanbase... He's dubbed them "Jake Paulers" *pained zoom* creative. He came out with a song. A new song. They both came out with songs, actually Logan's... I watched that one, he's uh dressed up as a minion I dunno... who the f**k made that call Who signed off on that? Who was like, yea dude for your first single ever, for the video, you should definitely dress as the thing (pewds: *dying*) that everybody in America hates most (pewds: *dying even more*) JP: I- I can't imagine like, being a human and having this much HATRED (pewds: *gaspy laughter*) inside, like- *continues dying* This video is so beautiful, look at Jake He's just commenting, why did he dress like a minion And Jake Paul is treating it like he just gave away his address to someone English: oH WAIT, Y O U DID THAT JAKE!! OH NOO, SORRY Cody: -minion. I dunno who the f**k made that call Who signed off on that? (JP triggered) Who was like, yea dude, for- How could he say- like how could he- IF LOGAN PAUL WANTS TO DRESS UP AS A MINION, THEN LET HIM DO IT GODDAMMIT I don't understand how he could have so much hate for minions Why do people hate minions I don't get it Cody: -for your first single, ever Could you not have bring up- brought up any better examples? Like, I feel like There's probably some discussion worth having here About channels that are literally only dedicated To s**ting on other people For Jake Paul to make this video IT SAYS- *laughing* f*ck it's so bad *inhale* Ohhh god Cody: -definitely dress up as the thing that everybody in America hates the most JP: I-uh- *triggered* And I know for a fact that Cody makes his own original content as well It's not like he ONLY makes those videos JP: I can't imagine like, being a human and having this much h a t r e d inside Sociopath confirmed? English: Jake Paul reptile confirmed? JP: -belittle somebody so much that, like, you're just shitting on EVERY little possible detail That this person is doing Alright, I'll explain what Jake Paul's cave brain is trying to say here There ARE channels that ARE dedicated purely to criticize people And these channels, clearly, have to make a living giving their audience what they want So they nitpick a lot of things that aren't that big of a deal And I've seen this many times on these channels, they nitpick these small things that doesn't matter, but since they built an audience around this topic of just sh*tting people, then they all get along with as well, like YEAAAAH HOW DARE THAT PERSON SELL SLIGHTLY OVERPRICED MERCH, WE NEED TO CANCEL THEM And it just creates this toxic atmosphere, and I get that buT FOR JAKE PA U L To make this video is beautiful Cody: -actually, who likes minions? My mom, that's it (pewds laughing) English: Cody: It's everyday bro, Pewds: It's so funny Watching this with this- he added this eerie music in the edit Who the frick likes minions?? My mom Jake Paul treats it like this is the worst thing anyone's ever said about him Cody: -that's the- that's the title of it. I haven't checked it out yet, honestly I've been waiting- JP: I've- see, I- like, I think he's terrible I- he's really terrible, he's really like terrible, I don't- I mean I don't even wanna watch him, OH MY GOD. Honestly, can't even continue watching him make fun of minions ANYMORE I will not stand for this I will rise up and beyond JP: The point is, here's some examples of like... The people he shit on, the jokes he's made about people, uh, it's just not acceptable Cody: This is Logan Paul with better hair Pft *laughs* I don't- It makes it so much funnier that Jake Paul nitpicked these Guy : *laughing* Cody: Now that's my jam *video music plays* Cody: Whoa- wait what the f*ck in a shamalamading was that? *music* There's another absolute classic starting situation right there, folks. You know when you're juggling your soccer ball English: ALONE. Cody: Oh, jesus f*cking christ *sad music* Cody: You know this is not comedy, you can do this with ANYTHING! Girl: I'm not really sure if that's the right thing and he's like c'mon, just do it it's not a big deal! Cody: WHO THE F**K do you want to date? Pewds: *laughing* Oh, I saw this video! Cody: Camu powder?? OH DUDE, you're drinking CUM POWDER?? JP: You're just a bull- *silent laughter* HOW DARE HE?? That joke's just too far JP: -all the hatred that has a fanbase that can- that can affect the, the world I guess Like I said, I don't wanna be like- uhhghh the youtube hero right now He's affecting the world JP: But I do wanna see how he'll react when he's confronted in person This guy is 28 years old, like Sitting behind my computer making fun of like kids that are younger than him and he- he's- comedic, like YES, some of this stuff is funny, like it's funny to make jokes about people and like- that's okay, but there's definitely- he's definitely crossing a line with it in a huge way English: where, if someone's watching this video and it's a- Give some examples of that, the ones you brought up are not crossing the line (G-Fuel flip) No one thinks that way, at least JP: BUT, think about like, what that's actually doing to these people you're laughing at or that he's like making fun of And, I can only imagine what he is going through as a person you know like whh- like, how- how hurt he feels on the inside to where he needs to like drag people down To... To make himself Feel better, to like push his career, uh, further down the line I can only imagine just how much SUFFERING Cody Ko has to deal with every day for being such a savage online He must be carrying so much pain JP: -make him feel like he needs to hate on other people he finds or something and other people accept that and maybe figure out how you can not do that More advice from Jake Paul everyone JuSt aCCePt iT, aNd FigURE oUt hOw to NoT dO iT If YoU gOT hATe iN yOUr HeARt, jUsT aCCePt iT aND fiGUrE oUt HoW tO reMOvE iT JP: We're gonna spin Cody around, I'm gonna go into this closet English: uh, that's on the set I'm gonna be hiding in that closet, and then Jeff is going to ask Cody a question about me And I'm going to come out- Guy: *laughing* JP: After- after that JP: I don't wanna- I really, truly feel like this is not Jake Paul's idea I think someone is feeding him these ideas and were like aLL tHEsE pEOpLe hErE jUsT bULLiEs uhhhgh like- I don't know how he comes to this conclusion at least It doesn't make sense to me JP: *quietly giggling* *dramatic music* JP: Sup man- *unintelligible* *laughing, yelling* *mildly suprised Cody* (pewds laughing) Cody: I don't wanna fight- (both talking unintelligibly) Pewds: I don't wanna fight *laughing* God, the cringe Jeff: Sit down JP: But uhh- English: Jeff: Tell him what? Lecture? JP: Yea dude, you know- cyberbullies kids, bro KIDS! *talking over each other* JP: Bro, I don't like that Cody: Which kids? JP: (avoiding quesion) I don't like cyberbullies, and you're a cyberbully *cringe laughing* It's a pretty relevant question, I like how Cody just put him on the spot right away What kids? *laughs* I dun like it You cyberbullied kids man I don't like it, I don't like how you- Cody: *sarcastically* Sorry man JP: Hey man, you said sorry, that's good Cody: Yea, I'm sorry for bullying you JP: Well- it- it's NOT OKAY but like... but like- Cody: For real I can't tell if he's joking- JP: NO I'M NOT JOKING like... JP: For real, like, there's kids out there- I- I've met girls you've like, GONE IN ON Like, I don't f**k with this Cody: Who is- JP: I don't need to bring up their names if I was going after them- Don't- don't worry, you've already shown them in the video Jake Girl: I'm not really sure if that's the right thing and he's like c'mon, just do it, it's not a big deal! Cody: WHO THE F- JP: For real, like, there's kids out there like I- I've met girls who you've like GONE IN ON English: JP: Like I don't- I don't f**k with this Cody: Who are- JP: I don't need to bring up their names if I was going after them you know what I'm saying but like... JP: But like, that shit that you do like you sit there in front of a camera actually like *unintelligible* -but like, that's not cool I just don't like it Jeff: Aye, aye thanks for coming to the party, didn't ask for ya- (pewds: ahahaha) Jeff: Ummm... *people talking over each other* Jeff: We got another party, *laughing* JP: You don't need that, bro *talking over each other again* (seriously this part is really hard to caption) Jeff: -bring Cody to the party? JP: Yea you said sorry bro, I'll shake your hand for that Pewds: That was it? That's like, the most insincere apology I've ever heard Sorry for bullying you, I guess *laughs* JP: Oh no, he can't come Jeff: Oh okay, whatever I don't care, as long as I can go *talking as they hug* Cody Ko can't come to his party This is so sad. JP: Aww, hey bro Was that set up? I feel like that was set up Like HEY- ᵒʰ ʸᵉᵃ ᵗʰᵃᵗ ʷᵃˢ ˢᵉᵗ ᵘᵖ JP: *something about the party* Yea you said sorry bro, I'll shake your hand for that English: Jeff: Now you say no- he can't come to the party JP: Oh no, he can't come Jeff: Oh, okay OHHH my GO D *cringing* Oh my god, it's the *mumbles* *laughing* they forgot to cut it out! *LOUDLY LAUGHING* OHHHH, YES OH, I'M SO GLAD I NOTICED THAT *loud laughter pt 2* Just say no, just say the line where you say no, he can't come to the party JAKE WAS EVEN LIKE, OH YEA HE CAN COME HE SAID SORRY OHHH MYYY GOD This is beautiful I'm so happy *handshake fail* He missed the handshake, that's super embarrassing, how could anyone do that I've nEvEr done that! ohh my godd JP: I love ya bro, good to see ya That was it, you gotta get over- you gotta- if you can dish jokes, you gotta be able to take them You know what I'm sayin? What jokes? What jokes did he make about him? JP: Listen, listen, listen English: (Pewds: Cody is using I-Don't-Wanna-Be-Here mode, so I'm just gonna check my phone) Cody: Yea, I thought he was- *overlapped arguing* Jeff: I tried to get lightweight dude, I didn't want Jake to come in here- Cody: I- f**k- JP: Like bro, I didn't wanna do shit, I was being nice Cody: That's how he- he makes videos, he likes to pull shit like that, you know that JP: I- I mean, okay yes that's how- it's FUNNY, right, like you have- You clearly have a huge audience where you're spreading so much negativity, so it's like- Cody: That's fine man JP: Where's the- where's the- where's the barrier, like where's like the... where you stop, where's the line you know? JP: Where it's funny versus like, that's f**cked up and like you- you're spreading like a lot of shit on the internet like that Cody: We all have different lines (Pewds: Yea exactly! Completely subjective) Guy: I get what you're saying for sure, like, I told him if he made a video about me, I'd be f**cking crying -but then at the same time- Cody: I TOLD you that I keep it fun, I keep it light-hearted JP: No, you really don't, you- (Pewds: *sarcastic* No, definitely not) Well, can we have some examples where you DON'T then that isn't just random clips that are completely incomprehensible? English: Like, if Cody Ko goes abov- beyond the line then at least show that I'M NOT DEFENSIVE, I just uhhhh mY JOKES ARE F I NE Guy in BG: I watch his videos, they're good, they're funny JP: Yea like yo- you're HILARIOUS, bro, like you're- You're HILARIOUS! You're SO FUNNY! GOT EM Also Jake Paul, UH "wannabe comedian?" heh, YOU'RE HILARIOUS JP: I don't tell anyone to- Why am I holding this fucking microphone? (pewds: STOP SWEARING, JAKE) Jeff: The guy holding the mic- *JP yelling* JP: I'm on one side of the spectrum, and he's on one- one other side of the spectrum you know? But there should be like a middle ground where like We can actually make a difference Cameraman: He didn't really seem like he was trying to budge, like you were pretty understanding you know and you were tryna like Find a different perspective and I didn't really think he was up into that (JP: No, yeah) Cameraman: He was just kinda deflecting the whole time JP: We're back now, I'm watching uh, I'm watching this footage back over Then Jake Paul reviews the footage Where he GOT EMM English: JP: So, homie immediately like tries to, you know, smile like, you know, he's definitely, obviously nervous, he goes to- He goes to shake my hand Uhh, because he's, he's probably so caught off-guard What you do have is a talent, Cody And I f**king challenge you bro, to take that talent of like, being funny, and put it elsewhere, into something positive that like- Jeff: Sit down- JP: Oh, look at his face, look at how nervous he looks he's like- He doesn't look nervous to me- I don't know, I don't get what he's saying If anything, Jake came across more nervous JP: -cyberbullying kids bro, KIDS I don't like that bro, I don't like that Cody: Which kids? JP: Which kids- like, he's deflecting, like- NO, IT'S.. A PRETTY REASONABLE QUESTION *laughing* JP: He doesn't like- he doesn't even wanna like- I- What kids, what- like, which kids, like, bro, how about the f**king 200 videos that you have on your youtube channel? JP: -and you're a cyberbully Cody: *laughs* I'm sorry man English: JP: Yea you said- you said sorr- (JP: I'm sorry man) Cody: Yep, I'm cyberbullying (JP: Looks down at the ground and like, is like, I'm sOrRy mAn) He doesn't even look down, he's just like *hair flip* I'm sorry man (JP: I'm sorry man) Cody: Yep, I'm cyberbullying (JP: Looks down at the ground and like, is like, I'm sOrRy mAn) (These are the type of like- these are the types of like, they're not like a real- he's not like a real man, he's 28 years old-) (-and he's like-) aHHhhHH I'm sorry man, like, sorry for talking shit about you for 45 minutes Heh- Jake, you're doing what you're criticizing him for doing, you understand that right? He's not a real man, wannabe comedian, nitpicking things From the scenario? I get it, you wanna give him the taste of his own medicine, but I dunno man I challenge you, Jake Paul to remove any hate from your heart As awful as this video is, Jake Paul, somewhere in there there is a point to be made I feel like And he did say this to start a conversation I don't think he necessarily did this video to END IT ALL *heh* English: I think it was done extremely poorly, it was a bad subject to pick as well It reminded me a little bit about- I dunno if you guys saw where Shane Dawson confronted his biggest "hater," and then as soon as they met, it was like OH YAYY WE'RE BEST FRIENDS NOW YAY WE LOVE EACH OTHER YAAY And it's just like, cringe dude If you have your opinion, at least stand by it And it seems like Cody at least did that So... Jake Paul has obviously figured that a lot of people criticize his- I can't imagine Jake Paul really going against that and being like YOU KNOW WHAT THIS GUY SUCKS TOO I guess he did that in this video It's like the only role that he physically cannot fill, so obviously he's gonna take the moral high ground on it If Jake Paul's point is that ohh, you need to be publicly humiliated to learn, THEN WHY ARE YOU STILL THE SAME JAKE? (damn savage) *appreciates own roast* That was a joke (for legal reasons) ANYWAY, I think there are channels that are bad in that regard of just focusing on nitpicking topics about people A lot of them also are good in the sense that English: since they're dedicated on these topics, a lot of times they get a lot of topics really well and really right and really quickly so I think they're important as well ANYWAY, that's it BYE whAat?? You never played Tuber Simulator? pffFFFFFSSSST You know it's FUN, right? I'm not supposed to give my opinion, but give it a try, and THEN you can tell me if it's good or not Not convinced yet? OKAY I'LL CUT YOU A DEAL The game is available, FOR FREE A N D T H A T ' S A G R E A T P R I C E !! *tuber simulator music*

documentary about four babies being born in four different place in the world and it follows them do about the first year so their lives if one n_c_r_ cisco when tokyo when one goal yeah and one in the media and the mongolian child saliba menon allison dania the expired and i thought i was measured in aol in apa it's a little black book era when i look at our ac nine much indian public like that their i was sure that means i went on that c_n_n_ and got it completely wrong i know how much is at the kid i don't know why i think that's that's a look at this right here sally and now it's and is given stocks answer the following around that as they develop and there's no narration and there are no subtitles you just watch them g_q_ stocks up visit here is the the all right now what's that about four times probably is a get out of its new movie combat an airplane and but i don't know that i couldn't have gotten that more wrong in that scene you saw at the beginning with one kid disorder pushes the the uh... the kidney starts crying that's out of all the whole point and right off the bat i swear to god i thought the card said nigeria cuz i wrote in my notes no movie opens venture maybe polite so to i'm very curious to see our people with babies and without the visa reactors movie employees to get without baby with baby and expecting about haven't we haven't so we got a whole lego he liked me light was that with the are exiled by six months ago i reacted to this far more emotionally that i never would have prior to having a good before i came before you answer trying having a kid i did not care about babies me q whatever they didn't really have a emotional times at the fair pantai and then now i hadn't i'll understand league is beautiful and debt i've got a little bit jumped out the bellow the tear at is the way that the woman sepsis goes cuddling with her little girl in bed and israel if you need to other and added notice requirement in it but beyond that is shock so beautifully india shot like four hundred hours and footage is incredibly internet stuff everything from it dark quiet moments of their mother alone with her child to these basques landscapes in mongolia and that you know not a lot happened helping with economy and respect that cynthia magris without the baby yes sir uh... i'd understand it who were the little kids like what with their roles before they were uh... uh... i like that they are lowered the intel's to speak without translation like that it didn't sort of matter but they were saying but you did get the sense they were mothers and they saying motherly things whether it was namibian yahoo or mongolian in there or or japanese and then you cannot easily understand the san franciscan although she was my least favorite mother but for wrong why does that now because they were incredibly self-indulgent guides don't mean 'cause they had everything because the the the japanese bother had just as much stuff but she didn't strike me as remotely self-indulgent the eyes i thought many the same things i still thought it was fairly emotional at and although the some of these things are incredibly obvious i thought the contrast was still nights that you see that japanese kid american kid playing with nearly everything giving things that that you give your son as i would give my child as you'll give your child is anybody with the means would've every possible rattled always just a fascinate them indicated namibia place in the dark westech with us that drinking totally understands how you are not the grammy gideon above the crowd going me right there's no end there's probably know well yeah you know so i don't know alright at this point on this because on the line and i like all things that you guys like italic elaborate further on it because it's fascinating to see how and it was a little cliche but it's great to see it how different we are and how similar we have a right so you see the incredible differences in how bio unit is brought in and that the uh... and tokyo for example right and that they haven't been still developing at darden pointed them out mom's casuals debate no problems whatsoever and that's fine but then he shows we are not the panic okay so and i loved seeing that and then of course and they're all babies and you've had the same exact reaction its human reactions great but that allow that the other half do is to warrant on site on the bad guys i gotta tell ya it was there is no dialogue without you guys pic doubled stenosis lipids here and there are of self and others in this and that but you know is just it goes on to you should be shot four hundred hours i know seventy-nine minutes but it felt like they use all four hundred outfitted right-hand his son all or the kind of structural choice to make to not have any kind of narration and it is not a whole lot of structure to it how did that you get universality in it pretty quickly anything in this pretty quickly and i was minnows done after seven on living on my but by the minute you know i i did you know i was like i have and that there are going to turn one and i think i mean you're right these points are obvious llego right now the universality like yeah were all the same get worse socotra only different i think it's important it's amazing to see it and of course you're right we shouldn't you know look everybody turns out fine except of course it way better if you get you know if you get of get a formula that and sort of proper nutrients and vitamins rest well here's what i feel better but uh... but yeah i did not do you ask knowing his daily had u cant get it came in mongolia which was for by the way they said that little mongolian which is part of a village in it's part of nafta it's part of dark un and in mongolia giant talc to serve these six huts all but also they are a doctor to cup leaning you know and i suspect there namibia there's no doctor and but everybody would like the doctor and that would be nice an obviously that is makes it more likely that that kid will grow up sort of healthy wealthy and wise no no i i didn't look i'd love that prospective tenants of the i_r_a_ sis i like the idea behind the movie so much since i like seeing those different parts of my style of my book made me want to go to mongolia and it's very simple la okay very simple you know they live literally in a tent in new york okay but but if they look like everything that and you know i like this that and financial center look at every time i want to give a high-risk one thing about it in my head as i watch the movie right uh... i doze off and i'd whitehead a lower score endowed objective hubbard six six no fire at for four and then finally i did they give it up four point one i want to however i gave it a point one for executing seriously four point one that is going to talk i think gorgeous it gorgeous gorgeous here's what they should have done anna and i would even a nine point it maybe fifteen minutes okay today made ahead and and it fifteen or twenty minutes argo twenty minutes five minutes a day exactly now look you can get a in on deflects which sponsors job steven protected later ok and you fast forward you love it but he felt like a sprawling but then i got that require that have been and tracy dove yet after you have your child if you were telling revisit this again i really interesting thing about that yet no i'm curious about that too and look at the i'd wear with my pregnant wife and uh... i can all she loves it of course crying and then we hardly yet and we came out and it was like three or four pregnant women in the in the audience and it was like seven people in with it's so every week it would get it but look i want you to see the movie because it's such a great perspective but just in good conscience can't tell you that you're not really a fourth of july on a distant see the movie intensive four yet see the movie twenty-one but dip repaired here both that some and except went fine what my biggest beautiful and for seeing and by and i don't think that's that's a really bad unlike did like that the more time i get away from it but it leaves have sort of emotional impact the moment i have this feeling that four months from now somebody will ask on just saw babies on netflix and also a prominent role that yeah well i'm but that suggests given six point five hour like that i think it is an emotional impact in those that things are obvious i think it it matters to see them in to see them visually and i think it's it is beautiful and i think it's remarkable that they narrowed all this for a four thousand our status and must've been a suspect more than four baby so i'm guessing yeti they thought that apparently still were pregnant happening couple that apparently is placed and then the west bank time with these for the benefits to where the most compelling interest in all this so yeah i was going to several years in the making tracking down years into agreed to at their homes their lives like this seller bite so the final averages about a six yet and on the bag and i feel bad for you read about a rating i'm just trying to do it

The A to Z of Isms. Minimalism. For some people, minimalism just means not owning any stuff, it's a lifestyle choice. It means owning few possessions, living in largely empty space, and even eating minimalist food. No chips for the minimalists. They own shiny white tablets, shop at little grey stores, and don’t have enough black plastic chairs. For some, it's to do with architecture, and for others, it’s a musical movement. In fact, minimalism is a philosophy with roots and branches in many places. The word minimalism first turns up in 1965, in an article by British philosopher, Richard Wollheim, who wrote about artists with minimal art content. This negative description was turned into a positive by minimalist artists. They saw minimalism as a kind of pure art. To quote the minimalist painter Frank Stella, This isn't art that copies something real - a person's face, a nice horse, or tries to depict a feeling. A minimalist art object is itself, and nothing else. All minimalism is, in part, a reaction. In the case of minimalist architecture, it’s a reaction to decoration, to ornament, and to fuss. Minimalist buildings are simple, and minimalist architects like Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Maya Lin create structures full of light and space. Their work can be summed up in Van der Rohe's famous statement that, "Less is more." Minimalist gurus, like Marie Kondo, believe in decluttering, but say, "It's not about knowing what to throw out, it's knowing what to keep." A lot of minimalism can appear harsh and inhuman, the exception is minimalistic music. Pioneered by composers like Philip Glass, minimalist music features repetition, simple patterns, and phase shifting- the movement of a repeating item to create an arresting effect. Despite the often austere simplicity of the music, or because of it, many minimalistic pieces of music are profoundly moving and deeply emotional. Minimalism is, in part, a reaction to the increasingly busy and loud world around us. Artists and consumers alike have reacted against the clutter and chaos of life and art, and created many disparate forms of minimalism. Sometimes minimalism can seem confusing, as in Carl Andre's famous brick sculpture. Sometimes it can be stark, like a Mise van der Rohe office block. But sometimes, as in the field of minimalist music, minimalism can be beautiful. Thanks for watching! :) Don’t forget to subscribe and click the bell to receive notifications for new videos. See you again soon!

My name is Jason Canon from IHS, welcome. Our lecturer is Jacob T. Levy, and he is the Tomlinson professor of political theory at McGill University. He's the author of the books, "The Multiculturalism of Fear" and "Rationalism, Pluralism, and Freedom", as well as numerous articles in the academic and popular press, he's the political theory editor for "The Journal of Politics" and his own research is on federalism, freedom of association, indigenous peoples, constitutional theory, and enlightenment political thought. And I love this note, it's been 30 years since his first IHS summer seminar. This lecture, his first of three at this seminar is titled "The Crisis of Constitutional Democracy," and Professor Levy, I'll hand it over to you. - Thank you very much, Jason, and thank you to all of you whom I cannot see in this new awkward format but I'll do my best to speak to you as if you're there. My talk today is not going to be the presentation of something like a liberal theory of politics or liberal theory of government. It's rather going to address some combination of theoretical and historical issues in the government and politics of liberal societies. And it's partly a talk about questions that we've learned to ask, not questions that we've learned how to answer yet and ways in which traditional inherited theoretical rules about what a system of government for free society could look like have proven to be unsatisfactory and have left us with challenges that we don't yet really know completely how to address. Now academics like to laugh when a student begins a paper by talking about something that's been true since the dawn of time and then political theorists always turn around and say, well, since Greece, that's where I'm going to start. Well since Greece, the ancient Greeks developed ideas about what kinds of governing options were available, that have given us vocabularies that we use to this day, their central distinctions were among government by the few, the one or the many. In the most traditional version of that distinction between the many democracy, the few aristocracy and the one monarchy. These were all viable positions among the Greek City states. In the world of (mumbles) there were cities that were governed as democracies that is ruled by the many from among the free citizens and the free citizens wasn't everyone, it didn't include women and did it include foreigners, it didn't include slaves, but it included a great many people, a much larger proportion of the population then was true in the systems that called themselves aristocracies to say nothing of those that called themselves monarchies rule by the few understood normally to mean the wealthy or the one understood to be the most powerful. Ancient Greek politics was marked by serious ideological and political conflict among would be democrats would be aristocrats and would be monarchs. There was ideological conflict among the Greek city states famously between Athens and its allies and Sparta and its allies and there was serious ideological conflict within the Greek city states. Many of which at one time or another fell into civil war between especially advocates of democracy and advocates of aristocracy. Now all of these were understood as ways of organizing a whole political system. When the democrats won a fight in one of these ancient Greek city states that wasn't understood to be one party taking power for awhile. It was understood to be complete reformation of the governing system of that city. So while yes, the Democrats as a group were most often in control in ancient Athens in particular, Athens was also understood to be a democracy and those two thoughts were not kept neatly distinct. There was no way within democratic Athens for the aristocrats to sometimes take power and then leave it again. For the aristocrats state power was to transform Athens into an aristocracy. Now, when the ancient Greek political philosophers began their serious work of thinking about the question, what form of government is best? They did a couple of things. One is they introduced new distinctions besides the distinction among the one, the few and the many that was common in political practice and public political debate. They introduced more or less distinction between those versions when they're good and those versions when they're bad. There was rule by the one, the few and the many when conducted according to law and government by the one, the few and the many when conducted lawlessly, or there were other versions of characterizing that good, bad distinction. In the most famous version of that distinction we saw in Aristotle, monarchy that is lawful rule by one, distinguished from tyranny that is lawless or despotic rule by one. Aristocracy, lawful rule by the few, and here it's important that the few mean the excellent Aristotle literally means the excellent and oligarchy, rule by the rich, which tended to be lawless and despotic. The bad law was rule by many, well (mumbles) democracy. And then there was a hypothesized form of good rule by the many, lawful, reasonable, stable, rule by the many. This Aristotle gave the name, politeia, polity, which was also as he noted the generic name for the Greek city states themselves. And what was also not neatly distinguishable from the idea already in common parlance of mixing the various kinds of government. Aristotle became one of the originators in Western philosophy of the idea that the best form of government would be one that mixed in some under specified way, rule by the many, the few and the one. The general population would be able to signal popular acceptance. The few, the excellent would be able to reach actual governing decisions when those were difficult to reach. And the one, the monarch could lend unity and stability and reach urgent decisions when urgent decisions were needed. That left behind a vocabulary that outlived the era of the ancient Greek city states themselves, and that we have with us to this day. We no longer talk very much about politeia but democracy, aristocracy, oligarchy, those are all still words in common use. Monarchy, tyranny, those are words that we use and politeia gave way to something like constitutional. Constitution not a Greek word, constitution is a Roman word, a Latin word. And when the ancient Romans took on much of the philosophical work and the history of the Greek city States that they encountered when they conquered Greece and absorbed its cultural legacy, the Romans came to see their own inherited governing order, one that they had developed piecemeal and through struggle, not by conscious design. but again, to understand their own political order as being a mixed regime, one that included the many, the few and the one. The Roman Republic had been founded when the few, the aristocrats, the wealthy military elite overthrew a monarchy that they accused of behaving lawlessly. They replaced the monarchy, the one, with decision making power by two. Two people who would jointly reach the key decisions over the course of a year, and then would step down again. They sought to limit the power date associated with the monarchy and so they created a two person limited term substitute for it. After not too many decades, the general population of Rome, the people demanded its own place in the governing structures, arguing the military elite, the aristocracy was not giving them their due voice or respecting their traditional privileges. And so the version of the Roman constitution that endured through most of the Roman Republic was explicitly mixed. It was mixed between the Senate of Rome, probably the most powerful body through most of this period of time and that's the aristocratic body where the military elite generated an aristocratic wealthy elite over the course of generations. The Senate, the people, the popular assembly, and those two elite leaders who served for a year, who took the place with the old models. That hybrid constitution, the Senate, and the people of Rome generated in Latin the acronym SPQR which was emblazoned on the shields of the soldiers of the Roman Republic. It is, they went into battle with a visible reminder that what they were fighting for was the Roman constitution, a constitution that after they absorbed Greek philosophy, they came to describe as being so good and so effective precisely because it fulfilled these demands that Greek had identified for a mixed regime, in which all different parts of society had their place. Now, if Aristotle had under specified institutionally, what that could mean, he didn't really tell us what the few, the many and the one would do. The Romans who were very procedural and legalistic gave a great deal, more institutional shape too, in ways that we went on to inherit to this day. Most obviously to Americans the upper house, the place where the aristocrats sat was the Senate. Why Senate? Senate has the root of the Latin word for old, the same root word as senile. Why is the Senate made up of those who are old? Well, because it's made up of the heads of families and to be the head, the pater familias of one of the great aristocratic families of ancient Rome, that means you've outlived your father or your grandfather. You've come to take headship of a family. You don't get elected to the Senate by being a clever young thing, you take your seat in the Senate by virtue of inheriting it from your father upon his death. So the Senate is where the old and as it would come to be self understood, the wise, would get together to make the most important sets of political and ethical decisions. The popular assembly, which for a great deal of the Roman Republic history was primarily in-person attended by the masses of Roman citizens of the city of Rome, a vast, vast assembly that cheered, gave vocal acclamation in order to say what it approved or didn't approve of. Served as an ongoing check on the Senate, limiting the ability of the aristocrats to overreach and serving to give honors and to give dishonor. And the two consoles who headed the system occasionally for one year, the dictator, the one person who added the system in times of emergency had a kind of command of the military forces and a foreign questions. Those subject always a great deal of supervision by the Senate. That understanding the mixed regime as the Roman constitution, providing evidence through the long life of the Roman Republic, that it was a very good kind of constitution, that was to exert a tremendous influence on the memory and the imagination in the West of what good government of a Republican free society could be like. The Roman Republic falls, it is succeeded by the Roman Empire and then the empire falls. Jumping ahead those thousand years, the 500 or so years of the empire and the 500 or so years after the empire falls. In the early middle ages, the emergent kingdoms of Western Europe began to piecemeal and haphazardly create a new form of mixed government. They didn't do so in order to emulate the Romans and they didn't do so because Aristotle told them to, they did so because rule is always easier with the cooperation of those who have ruled. To some degree rule requires the cooperation of those who have ruled only to some degree and at least some of those who have ruled. A monarch really can't rule entirely by himself, he relies on the cooperation of important elites, represented in the military, representing economic productive power and in medieval Europe, representing religious power. The monarch needs their help relies on their sense that his rule is legitimate. They in turn can't rule the population that is entirely unwilling to be ruled, more than that, to the degree that they want to extract material resources from the large group of people over whom they rule and that's one of the things that rulers always want. So really if they want to extract material resources, they need some cooperation. Functioning political societies cannot exist in a state of nothing but war between those who rule and those who are ruled. Over the course of the early Middle Ages, first, there was an institutionalization or formalization of cooperation by the few with the monarchs. From 500 to a thousand years or so a system had come up that we've come to notice feudalism in which Kings had a little bit of power or (mumbles) which had a lot of power over subordinate, nobles, or knights or serfs. What changes in the 11th century, the 12th century is that instead of the King treating with nobles individually, the King started to call together at least some subset of the higher nobility often along with members of the higher priesthood as a kind of regularly meeting counsel. This becomes the House of Lords in England and to become parallel bottoms, the First Estate in France and similar kinds of bodies in Spain and elsewhere in Western Europe. At the same time, wealth is beginning to grow in new commercial cities over the course of the specially 12th and 13th centuries, the cities are becoming very important sites of wealth. Monarchs would rather get some of their wealth from the cities than from aristocrats because aristocrats are always potential military threats to them and eventually monarchs come to realize that they need the wealth from the cities. There's too much wealth growing there to be able to rely entirely on the material support that nobles provide by supplying their own armed forces. And so the monarchs start to call representatives of the cities demanding that they consent to be taxed, which is to say that they cooperate in being taxed. The idea taxation without representation is tyranny, a slogan that was to be influential during American Revolution and which drew on a tradition in English political practice that was by then a few centuries old. It finds its roots in the basic fact, that taxation is very much easier with representation. The King could call representative of the city to meet together in what becomes eventually The House of Commons or The Third Estate demand that they agree to, maybe negotiate some about the limits of, but demand that they agree to a new tax, which they would then go back to their cities and explain I've authorized that we will pay this. We see the one, the few and the many recreated as a hybrid system. Now it was true to some degree in Rome is true to an even greater degree in this medieval constitution. The one, the few and the many don't occupy clearly distinct institutional rules. What comes to be known as The Theory of English and then British Sovereignty, is that the sovereign is the King or Queen in parliament. It is the hybrid body, the one, the monarch, the few, The House of Lords and the many, The House of Commons acting together in concert can pass any law can do anything. There are particular traditions about which of those groups can do what, when they're not acting together, but there are clear rules, there were sufficiently unclear rules that Britain, that England rather fight a civil war over it in the mid 17th century and there are sufficiently unclear rules that the equivalent bodies, the estate's general and its parallels elsewhere on the European continent, breakdown as monarchs become more and more powerful over the course of the 16th and 17th centuries. The idea however was in place and it was in place in what was understood to be a recent way that the best constitution was that which had come together haphazardly, but which turned out to share these features with the ancient Roman constitution and with the ancient Greek philosophical system. It's not until the late 17th or arguably the 18th century, that all of this become joined to what we think of under the phrase of the separation of powers. There's a little bit in John Locke from I'm going to skip talking about today because I'm gonna want to talk about Locke and Locke tomorrow. But the fullest statement of theory is assembled by Baron de Montesquieu, a French theorist who speared the laws in 1748. Looked the English constitution of his day, identified it as the freest in the world and attributed that freedom to the way that powers were separated. He's the first one who identifies the powers of government as legislative, the making of laws, executive, the carrying out of laws and judicial the application of laws to particular cases and the interpretation of laws. Montesquieu looks at England and he says the legislative power sits in The House of Commons, which by 1748 was substantially true. The Glorious Revolution had more or less settled that legislative initiative it didn't sit with the King, the right to initiate taxes didn't sit with the King. The House of Commons was coming to be the most powerful part of the British constitution, but it was not yet a system with a relatively powerless monarch, as it is today, the monarch still had fundamental power to appoint a government, to appoint ministers and through the appointment of ministers, really significant control over military affairs and foreign affairs. So the executive, the site of rapid decision-making, the executive was to be found in the monarchy and the judicial power Montesquieu awkwardly placed in The House of Lords. Now, here are things that were true of The House of Lords by this time, a number of judges sat by right in The House of Lords. They were known as the Law Lords and they made The House of Lords, the court of highest appeal in Britain. Mostly the high aristocracy didn't take any part in this, The House of Lords as a whole, generally didn't sit as a court, but The House of Lords housed the court of highest appeal. And moreover, The House of Lords was the key site for impeachment trials. It was where ministers of the King could be impeached or also other members of The House of Lords could be impeached for serious misconduct in office. Montesquieu maintains that because the few, the many and the one have a kind of natural, social attachment to their respective standing and status, that they will fight to keep those powers distinct. And it's keeping the powers distinct from all skew is the key to maintaining freedom in a governed society. If you don't have the powers separated, then the monarch is always at risk of throwing his enemies in jail for no reason other than being his enemies. If the monarch can legislate and judge, then the monarch will legislate against opposition to himself and we'll judge in particular cases, you are my enemy into The Tower of London you go. England had slowly overcome that kind of thing, France very much less so, and this was of great concern to Montesquieu and a great deal of why he's writing all of this in the spirit of the laws is to argue that France is losing what liberty it had because the powers are insufficiently separated. And the French monarchy was at risk of becoming a despotism 'cause it didn't have a proper separation of powers. But the key thing for our purposes Montesquieu says, "The separation of powers is strong in England "because they've lined up the powers "with the old social classes." This is not the vision of harmony of the King in parliament of all three acting together as one. It's not really division of harmony than what we find in ancient Greek philosophy or that we found in idealizations of Roman practice. It's a theory of the one, the few and the many in a kind of structured ongoing institutional conflict. A few decades later as the new American Republic is trying to form a government drawing on the whole history of Republican thinking about what makes for good, effective constitutional governments of free societies and what immunizes them against eventually collapse into rule by the one? The founders looked a great deal to Montesquieu, when they were deeply concerned with the separation of powers. Their problem was that unlike England, unlike France, the new United States, hadn't no aristocracy to say nothing of a monarchy sitting around. How could it be that the powers would remain separated if they weren't attached to social classes that were trying to stand up for their separate social status? The founders' theory as articulated in "The Federalist Papers" was that a belief in the status one (mumbles) to the job one occupies in government, an attachment to Congress or court or presidency will be enough. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The way that will happen is because of course, Congress will never give the president the power to overturn the constitutional order. Of course, Congress will never give the president the power to make himself dictator because Congress is concerned with Congress status. So you give each of the institutions enough power to effectively check and limit the others. And then you can have separation of powers in a Republic without an aristocracy, without a monarchy where even the Senate isn't really understood anymore as being the body representing the wealthy. It is to a certain degree it's understood as representing all the age requirement to get in the Senate is higher than that to get into the House, but the electorate is the same. The people at large vote for the House, the Senate, the president and equivalently for houses, senates, and governors in the States. The belief is that judges will stand up for the progressives of judges, Legislators will stand up for the progressives of the legislators and executives will stand up for the progressives of executives and the system will thereby retain its balance. This is Republican in the Roman Central, Republican constitution making at what turns out to be its high point. Because very rapidly, the circumstances that underlie Republican theory, were eroding. One of the key thoughts of Republican political theory throughout all of the intervening centuries from Rome till 1787 was the serious danger posed by faction or party. It's okay to have different institutions, but they must all be aiming at the common good and republics will inevitably collapse. They'll collapse into the kinds of civil wars that broke up the Greek city states. and that broke up many of the Italian cities that were republics in the middle ages and the Renaissance. They'll break into civil war if they have political parties. It's only a handful of years after the American constitution was ratified, that parties begin to emerge. The Federalist and Democratic, Republican parties, each operating as they understand defensively because the other side is conspiring against the constitution. We must organize until they're defeated and then it will go away and then we'll get back to good Republican common good government. Turns out they were wrong and they were wrong in a way that has had enduring consequences for how we understand representative and constitutional democracy in liberal societies. And here I'm emphasizing liberalized distinct from the Republican anti-commercial agrarian common, good orientations that some of the founders had inherited from earlier ideology. For the government, a liberal societies, governed democratically in the modern era, we now know as the American founders didn't because they couldn't, we now know that you can't do it without political parties. There is no case of ongoing democratic government in a large state, in the modern world, in which elections are not primarily organized around partisan competition. This is a crucial way of restraining the ambitions of any one executive, it's a crucial way of restraining the greed of any one generation of legislators, because the party has a longterm interest. The party has a longterm interest in restraining, truly catastrophic or scandalous or calamitous kinds of rule. If you discredit the party, then the party will suffer. You'll retire or die, but the party will go on paying the price and therefore the "American Constitutional Order" badly enough designed, they had to rewrite the rules for electing the president and vice president within a generation badly enough designed that it could take no real account to political parties, but able, once they made that change, the election of the president, and the vice president, able to stumble on, despite the advent of parties made enough room for partisan competition to do the real essential work of providing mutual accountability in an ongoing democratic society. Parties are not powers, the competition between parties is not the separation of powers. The competition between parties is each party, always watching the other for when they do something wrong, able to then go back to the electorate at the next election and say, look at the catastrophe that this government has provided, vote us into power and vote them out of power. Not only is the separation of parties not the same as the separation of powers, it exists really awkwardly with it. And this is true in both of the major varieties of constitutes of democracy that have gone on to govern liberal societies in the 200 years, since the American founding. In parliamentary systems, which are easier in some ways to understand, the executive, the prime minister and the ministerial cabinet just are drawn from the majority party or majority coalition in the larger or lower house apartment, The House of Commons, The House of Representatives. The prime minister is the leader of the party that commands a parliamentary majority. That makes it difficult for parliament to hold the prime minister to account. Prime ministerial mismanagement isn't something that the parliament wants to draw attention to because the prime minister is of the same party as the majority of parliament. And so there has been a tendency for parliaments to let ministers and especially prime ministers, more and more off the hook for scrutiny for their misconduct. In a presidential system where the president is elected separately from the legislature, in the American case from Congress, then we have two different possible outcomes. In one outcome, the president is of the same party as the majority of Congress. This is very often the case in at least the first two years of a presidential term. And when that's true, the founders turn out to have been wrong. Simply saying, I'm a member of Congress, I'm a Senator, I'm a representative doesn't give people so much pride in their office that they were determined to hold the president to account. Instead they say I'm a member of the same party, the same team as the president, we are going to run on a shared ticket, we are not in the business of holding the presidential account of limiting the unlawful use of presidential power or authority of preventing presidential self enrichment, of preventing presidential abuse, of military authority or command over the bureaucracy or what have you. It might seem to be easier when the opposition party controls one or both houses of Congress. But when they do it can be easily argued and it inevitably is argued that any attempt to hold the presidential count is just more partisan competition. And so Congress will seek to hold members of cabinet accountable, will demand oversight over expenditures, will demand oversight over whether congressional statutes have been appropriately followed and carried out by the executive branch and the executive branch belonging to the other political party will shout and scream that this is nothing but partisan warfare. And sometimes it is. In neither system, in other arrangement when Congress belongs to the same party as the president or Congress belongs to the opposite party of the president, do we have the kind of clear self enforcing separation of powers checking one another that was hoped for by the founders and idealized by Montesquieu. People's sense of belonging to the same political team in a party is crucial to the survival of democracy in large states, but it badly undermines the ability of those states to carry out what Montesquieu and the founders agreed was crucial. Republican democratic constitutional governments don't have the one, the few and the many. They inherited an institutional structure from the Romans from Republican thought, from Greek philosophy and from medieval and early modern European practice. They inherited these institutions that no longer have the same social class meaning that Moscow attributed to them. And the founders hoped that they could get away without the social class, meaning has proven (mumbles) are too important to the good functioning of democracy and parties are too incompatible with the good functioning of the separation of powers. All of that is a set of challenges. It is not yet, but my title promised, which is a crisis. Constitutional democracy has however, an ongoing set of very serious risks associated with this mismatch between institutional form and the reality of partisan competition. I talked about the degree to which Republican ideology, including the ideology of the American founders for the most part distrusted party, distrusted faction believed in the unity of the people acting for the sake of the common good. The reality of liberal society as it was coming to be at the end of the 18th century and came fully to be over the course of the 19th is of a society that is so pluralistic and differentiated, partly due to the division of labor, partly due to the proliferation of different religions and religious worldviews, partly due simply to the advent of a wide variety of political ideas. Liberal societies are too pluralistic for that Republican vision to be viable. And yet we still have an ongoing normative and rhetorical attachment to the idea of being a unifier to the idea of the common good, to the idea of the people standing together. That is the same in the United States and not only the United States, I think this is a common feature of constitutional democracies around the world. We are uneasy with how important parties are, with how much we depend on political division. That uneasiness lends itself easily to the voice of someone who says he can speak in the name of the whole. The whole people, the whole nation, let us overcome our differences, let us come together as one and follow me. Why me? Why is it always the one? Well, it's always the one for a couple of reasons. One simply that legislatures on courts are pluralistic. You look at Congress, you see people fighting, you look at a president or a governor or a prime minister, and you see one person with one voice. If he can tell a convincing story about why the will of the nation manifests in his will, his decisions, and I'm using male pronouns here, really advisedly and determinately overwhelmingly what we find is that this is a phenomenon of male chief executives, so of course, most of them had male chief executives in the world in any case. The one who can say I speak in the voice of the whole has a decisive rhetorical advantage over those who well necessarily don't, like judges and legislators. Moreover, the many can very often be tempted into an alliance against the few. If this was true for the poor and the rich and ancient Greece, it remains true in a variety of ways in our pluralistic societies to this day. An important line of political rhetoric is always that I will stand with you the people, against they, the elites. This goes in multiple political and ideological directions. They, the elite might be the wealthy, they, the elites might be the cultural and academic elites associated with Hollywood or universities, they might be foreign elites, they might be bankers, they might be Jews who often managed to be the shared ideological enemy of populace of the left and the right, they are the wealthy and the intellectuals and the cosmopolitans altogether. But there's a temptation on the part of large parts of the electorate to respond to a rhetorical appeal from the person who holds the power of the one saying I will take your side against the sides of the elites, the judges, the lawyers, the professors, the bankers, the wealthy, the actors, the foreigners, the minorities, or whatever. Add that to the fact that the power of the executive is the hardest power to constrain in constitutional democracies to begin with. The greatest concern that Montesquieu had and a very live concern for the American founders was that the executive had control of the police and the military. If there's a danger to free government, the first foremost danger of it is that someone would use his distinct control of armed force to attack the legislature, to shut down the free secondary institutions, to intimidate the courts, to imprison or torture or kill his enemies. The command of the police, the secret police, the intelligence services, and the military makes the executive unparalleled in his power compared with the other branches. The ability to join that to the ideological appeal, I speak for the many against the few, I speak for all of us together against partisan division means that there's a real ability for executives or candidates for the executive office to commit to demagoguery and populism as a rhetorical strategy, enabling authoritarianism in office. This, by the way like what I said earlier about the problem with separation of powers and separation of parties, this is true in presidential and parliamentary systems alike. There are some particular dangers associated with each, but the general phenomenon that you can have a president or a prime minister say, I don't speak for a party I speak for the nation, therefore, when I use the military, the police and the secret police, you should trust that I do so for the sake of the common good. There's the risk of serious crisis to constitutional democracy. It's not the case that the three branches are equal, there's not even the case that the governing party and the opposition party are equal because the opposition party must always emphasize a division, the governing party can pretend that there's no division and that it and it's leader speak for the whole. This introduces a fragility into constitutional democracy, into the marriage between these Roman and medieval institutions and our modern discovery about how to run democracies based on partisan electoral competition, a tension between them that we have not yet fully learned how to resolve and there are some structural reasons that will admit of permanent resolution. The asymmetry in power between executive and other branches and the rhetorical appeals speaking for the whole against the parts when we need parties, those are likely to be enduring features. And those are features that put the survivability of the constitution democratic government that we've found to be the most effective kind of government for the survival of free societies at a kind of permanent risk. Thank you very much. - Okay, thank you, Professor Levy. So our graduate students are going to head to breakout groups, everyone else will have a 30 minute break, and then we will return here at 6:00 p.m. for the Q&A. So in the meantime, feel free to drop your questions into the Q&A box here, I will be gathering those, collecting them where there's some overlap, and then we will have a rapid fire response from Professor Levy in half an hour, so thank you. Okay, and we are back for the Q&A, we have so many great questions far more than we would be able to cover in half an hour or an hour's worth of Q&A, so we're gonna keep this pretty quick and get through as many as we can, but we won't be able to get through all of them but thank you for submitting these. All right, so the first one is, is crisis overstating it? The system of government that we have in the West that seem to endure past problems, so is this a new level of dire? - There's a tendency that political scientists talk about of for democratization and liberalization to happen in waves or by contagion. And to some degree, we don't know whether that's because similar historical forces are operating on lots of countries at the same time, or because countries are influencing one another. And we think it's probably some of both. There is there's some clear evidence that in the post financial crisis, post 2008 world the wave of liberalization and democratization that was associated with the fall of military dictatorships in Southern Europe and Latin America in the 1970s and 1980s, the democratization of East Asian countries in the 1980s and into the early 1990s, and then the liberalization and democratization of the post-communist world of the then communist world has crested and fallen back. And some of what I want to do is identify some of the common features that we're seeing across liberal or relatively liberal democratic, or relatively democratic societies, because I think there are very common features that we can spot from the United States to India, to Hungary, to Israel, to Brazil, Britain to a lesser degree, Austria to a considerable degree, there's a wave of something happening. That doesn't mean that all of those countries or that any of those countries will necessarily suffer a complete breakdown of their constitutional democracies. But it does mean that I think we want to be able to talk in terms of things sometimes being worse. And I do think we have good historical reason to think this is a sometimes worse moment. And if you'll do me the favor of then subsequently asking me the immediately proceeding question about the founders of the American system, then I can talk a little more about why. - Sure, great, so even if the founders didn't anticipate parties, didn't their system pretty easily accommodate them? - Great, and a good objection but the answer is basically no. 'Cause the American party system has been a very strange creature over the course of two and a quarter centuries. It has very rarely been the case that there were actually two parties fully competitive at the national level. After the election of 1800, when Thomas Jefferson swept into power, the Federalist Party was never again, a serious challenger for power at the national level. For generation some remnants of the Federalist Party became a weak party that was very important in the Senate and important in some states was never (mumbles) under control of the House of Representatives and the presidency, which are the more powerful branches. The weak party collapses over slavery, a Republican Party forms of its ashes, after the Civil War, the Republican Party enjoys almost unchallenged rule for decades and has really only challenged occasionally when the Democratic Party then understood as the party of the Confederacy and the losing side in the Civil War crept very close to the Republican platform for one term or two terms, and so on and so forth. The post new deal era was not a competitive era. Now, part of this for the whole post Civil War era was because of the cross cutting cleavage as a party embrace. The parties did not neatly ideologically sort because there was in the post new deal era, a party that included the Southern Confederates, Southern whites and blacks nationwide. The Republican Party as the party of Northern white liberals was at a structural disadvantage there and when the parties weren't ideologically well sorted. Political scientists talk about a realignment and sorting of the American political parties system that really only reached its full form in 1994, as recently as that. Since 1994, the American political parties have been more closely competitive for longer than was ever portrayed in American history. For quarter century now, control of the house of representatives has gone back and forth, control of the Senate has gone back and forth, control of the presidency has gone back and forth. And two presidential elections have been decided by hare sprints. Associated with that, we find that there was a dramatic polarization, and so some of the things I was talking about, ways that relationships between an opposition controlled Congress and a presidency could be strange to the breaking point. They often didn't happen in the pre 1994 era because the parties were so ideologically strained and regionally strange because of this distinctive post Civil War mixture having to do with race. The post 1994 parties have had two presidential impeachments in 25 years, which is as many as in the whole of American history up until that time. They've had a tremendous upsurge in serious fight, serious jurisdictional constitutional fights when the president and Congress are controlled by opposing parties. So there's a degree to which the American system lucked into being able to survive parties through accidents that had no real relationship to the advental parties. And there's a way in which now post 1994, we're seeing the party system fully developed at last and we're seeing the kinds of strain that it can put on the system at last. - How has the growth of what we want from government changed this dynamic? - So at the very beginning, I said, I'm not going to offer a classical liberal or liberal theory of politics, I'm going to offer a theory of politics in liberal societies. Questions like these are part of what I have in mind. There's one important strand of classical liberal scholarship that treats the demand for government or the demand for government services or the demand for size and scope of government as being the key independent variable and political facts as then being the dependent variables. As a political scientist that's not how I think. I think that the demand for control over the mechanisms of rule is a pretty permanent fact and is much more fundamental than demands for redistribution at the level of two or three or 4% of GDP. The competition to be the one in charge of the army, the competition, to be the one in charge of the ideological apparatus, telling people what to think, the competition to be the one whose heirs will survive rather than the ones whose heirs will be killed because there's a violent contest for political power. Those are really enduring facts of human, political organization and political order. And all kinds of struggles that we saw talked about in ancient Greece, talked about in the Middle Ages, talked about in Rome, they just treated this general fact that political competition was present as permanent, even though in even the most redistributionist democratic of ancient Greek city states, actual public control of the economy was very much less than it's true for any modern constitutional democracy. Just as a matter of subsistence, when you're much closer to subsistence, a society cannot afford 20 or 25 or 30% of its total produce being taken away from the basic project of feeding the population. Richer societies can and richer societies do and there's not tremendous variation across modern constitutional democracies, or modern constitutional democracies. That is to say all of the societies that have been marked by liberal commercial society, by liberal capitalism, by the kind of economies that supporters of market liberalism celebrate. All of the constitutional democracies that govern societies like that have government share of GDP much closer to each other, than they do to any of the ancient systems. And I don't think that we see any real variation that's driven just by level of redistribution as a predictor of the kinds of crisis I'm talking about because level of redistribution isn't what determines whether people wanna be in charge of the military or not. - So while we're on the subject can you say a little bit more about the relationship between democracy and liberalism? - Yes, so here's a quick plug for the pieces that I posted online, the piece of writing. this is something that I've been working on in my academic research for a while. There are long-standing reasons for distrust of democracy and democratic politics that run through classical liberal political theory in particular and liberal political theory in general. One of my chief influences as a liberal political theorist is the theorist Judith Shklar, who famously said that, "Liberalism "is permanently, monogamously married to democracy "but it is a marriage of convenience." Democracy and liberalism are of the same idea that people should live their lives freely is a separate question, logically a separate question from the question of how shall government be organized, however much government we have. It turns out however that they are not so distinguishable, empirically, historically, sociologically as they are at that formal level. And I think there's been an excessive amount of attention paid in liberal political philosophy in general, classical liberal political thought in particular to the formal distinction, I desire to say, well, since we live in democracies and it's democracies that keep passing these laws, we don't like, therefore democracy's the enemy of liberty. No, democracy is a system of government that any system of government is going to at one time or another threaten liberty to some degree. It is however, the case that for these liberal, commercial, capitalist societies for the extended market orders of the last two centuries. Their fit with constitutional democracy as a method of government has been very much closer, very much better than to other alternative methods of government. That doesn't mean we allow sheer majoritarianism, it doesn't mean we prefer untrammeled democracy to constitutional democracy, but I think that it's important to recognize the real historical contribution that democracy made to the emergence of liberal, legal and economic and social systems. The equalization of legal status, we all can own property, we all can enter into contracts, we all have equal legal rights has a very strong affinity with the equalization of political status. We can all form political parties, we can all vote, we can all run for office. And when one of those is lost when say incumbent property owners and the wealthy restrict access to the franchise, restrict political competition, suppress political parties of the left, they at the same time, reconfigure the economy in ways that are no longer free open liberal, competitive market orders, but are instead rent seeking protections for incumbent property owners. There's a stronger affinity between democracy and liberalism that is often recognized and those pieces of writing I put on the website have more to say about those things. - Okay and by the way, for everybody listening, those essays are available on the participant website, so you can download those and read them at your leisure. So just have time for a couple more questions. Very briefly why are the "Articles of Confederation" flawed by granting too much power to the states? Do we actually need the greater executive power that the constitution granted? - (mumbles) but it combines two different thoughts. Arguably the articles were flawed in both those dimensions and the founders in 1787 thought the articles were flawed in both those dimensions, but we could distinguish them. One of the ways in which the federal government was weak was that it didn't have a meaningful executive power. It didn't have the ability to effectively carry out a shared military or foreign policy and suspicion of monarchical power was so strong that there wasn't meaningfully an executive with an independent capacity to act. I think it could have been the case that there could have been a replacement for the articles that strengthened the executive branch at the federal level without so much strengthening the relative balance between the center and the states. I don't know how that would have worked out, it might've looked like a constitution that on paper I would have liked better, but part of the kind of story that I'm telling about how things turned out is that systems either adapt or don't adapt for reasons that are hard to predict at the outset. From the perspective of 1787, I think we would certainly say the federal government needed to have meaningful executive power, which it didn't. And we might well have said that there was cause for some greater federal power over the states from almost any ideological perspective, classical liberal, or a civic Republican, or what have you that for example, the states didn't have a free trade zone with one another, that the states were carrying out more or less independent foreign policies, that the states were carrying out, definitely independent military policies. All of those were real threats to the viability of the Republic at that stage even if one looks at the actual 1787 constitution says, I wish they hadn't given Congress that power and that power or the president that power and that power. - Sure okay. And the last question very quickly, just because it's so fun and combines a couple of questions that we got, is the solution to this crisis some sort of a spontaneous emergent order and is that answer anarchy? - Yay, now it's an IHS seminar, it's never really an IHS seminar until you get the anarchy question. So I've been stressing in these answers even more than in my talk a kind of permanent character of political life. And I really think that, that's a true thing, just not the only true thing about human social orders, there are true things having to do with resource scarcity, there are true things having to do with social status, there are true things having to do with tribalism and collective (mumbles). One of the true things is that violent power collectively organized is a very powerful background fact and it's a background fact that we're always struggling to manage. As a political scientist, I'll fall back on that again, as a political scientist, I look at the reality of political societies as a fixed feature and anarchy as being not meaningfully an answer to political questions. It tells us to imagine a way, the fact of collective control of the means of violence, but as soon as we've imagined them away, they are going to reassert themselves in fact. And so we face an ongoing political problem, how to secure a space for freedom against the problem that there are people who want to rule us, there are going to be means of ruling us, there are going to be aspirations ruling us, there are going to be violent competitions over ruling us. We cannot say, well, we'll abolish ruling and therefore there will be nothing to compete about because they'll remember the possibility and they can bring it about again. - Professor Levy thank you so much, we will see you again tomorrow for everybody who's watching, thank you so much for joining us. We will see many of you and hope to see all of you at the 7:30 p.m. keynote by our president and CEO, Dr. Emily Chamlee-Wright. Thanks again for attending I'll see you soon.

BEST-CASE SCENARIO IF NO AMERICANS LOST THEIR LIVES TONIGHT. LOOK AT YOUR SCREEN RIGHT NOW. THIS JUST IN. FOOTAGE OF ME. THE AIRBASE WE ARE TALKING ABOU ABOUT. THE AL-ASSAD AIRBASE. IN 2006, I WENT THERE AND GOT TO KNOW THESE GUYS. I LOOKED A LITTLE YOUNGER. MY HAIR WAS A LITTLE DARKER. THESE ARE OUR BRAVE MEN AND WOMEN THAT WERE UNDER FIRE. HERE WITH THE REAL HERE WITH THE REACTION LIVE FROM WASHINGTON TONIGHT. YOU KNOW, SENATOR, A LOT HAS CHANGED SINCE THE CONFLICT FROM IRAQ AND THE CONFLICT WITH AFGHANISTAN. IT GETS POLITICIZED IN THAT TOWN YOU LIVE IN. WE SEND THESE KIDS TO FIGHT, BLEED, AND DIED. THEY FIGHT AND THEY GIVE THEIR HEART AND WE DECIDE NEVER MIND. THAT HAS CHANGED MY ATTITUDE ABOUT ANY FUTURE CONFLICT. I BELIEVE IT'S CHANGED YOURS TOO. THE PRESIDENT IS CLEAR, THEY ARE NOT GOING TO BE LONG CONFLICTS AND OUR MILITARY IS STRONGER THAN EVER. >> YEAH, WELCOME OF THE FIRST THING I WANT TO DO IS THINK THOSE THAT ARE SERVING IN UNIFORM IN THE MIDEAST. YOU ARE THE VIRTUAL WALL BETWEEN US AND RADICAL ISLAM. WE CAN BUILD A WALL ALONG OUR SOUTHERN BORDER, BUT YOU CAN BUILD A WALL BETWEEN US AND RADICAL ISLAM. YOU NEED SOME OF OUR PEOPLE WORKING TO KEEP THESE AT BAY. I HAVE COMPLETE CONFIDENCE IN PRESIDENT TRUMP AND HIS TEAM TO PROTECT YOUR FAMILY MEMBERS AND TO PROTECT OUR NATION. THIS IS THE FIRST PRESIDENT IN THE LAST 40 YEARS WHO REALLY UNDERSTANDS THE IRANIANS. THIS WAS AN ACT OF WAR, SEAN, THAT DELL MIGHT BY ANY REASONABLE DEFINITION. THE MISSILES WERE LAUNCHED FROM IRAN. THE PRESIDENT HAS ALL THE AUTHORITY HE NEEDS UNDER ARTICLE TWO TO RESPOND. HOW HE RESPONDS IS YET TO BE REDETERMINED DEDETERMINED DETETERMINED DETERMRMINED DETERMININED DETERMINEDED DETERMINED.D IT WAS AN ACT OF WAR BY THE REGIME FOR THE LAST 40 YEARS. IT'S BEEN A CANCER IN THE MIDEAST. WHEN THEY SAY THEY WANT TO DESTROY ISRAEL, THEY ARE NOT KIDDING. SO, THE PRESIDENT HAS TO DO A COUPLE THINGS TONIGHT. WHAT CAN I DO TO RESTORE DETERRENCE TO MAKE SURE THIS DOESN'T HAPPEN AGAIN? HE DOESN'T WANT REGIME CHANGE. HE WANTS THE BEHAVIOR OF THE REGIME TO CHANGE IN THREE AREAS. THEIR BALLISTIC MISSILE PROGRAM NEEDS TO CHANGE. TRUMP IS NOT GOING TO BE KIND BY THE IRANIANS. HIS RESPONSE IS TO DEAL WITH THOSE THREE BUCKETS. >> Sean: BY THE WAY, I WANT TO GIVE YOU A LOT OF CREDIT. YOU TALK ABOUT THESE WARRIORS WHO HAVE PUT THEIR SELVES WHO HAVE PUT THEIR TELVES WHO HAVE PUT THEIR TOLVES WHO HAVE PUT THEIR TO TES WHO HAVE PUT THEIR TO THEMSELVES IN HARM'S WAY. IF THE IRANIANS WANT REGIME CHANGE, THAT WILL HAVE TO COME FROM THE PEOPLE. BOOTS ON THE GROUNDS, AMERICANS KNOCKING ON DOORS AND GETTING BLOWN UP. THAT'S GOT TO END, BECAUSE WASHINGTON POLITICIZED AS THESE WORDS. HERE'S MY QUESTION. I AGREE WITH YOU. THIS ISN'T ABOUT REGIME CHANGE. THIS IS ABOUT A CHANGE IN BEHAVIOR. THE PRESIDENT IN MY VIEW FRANKLY SHOWED MORE RESTRAINT THAN I WOULD HAVE WHEN THEY SHOT DOWN OUR DRONES, WHEN THEY TOOK THOSE TANKERS HOSTAGE, WHEN THEY ATTACKED THE SAUDIS. HOW MANY AMERICANS DO WE NOW KNOW THAT SOLEIMANI IN PARTICULAR KILLED IN IRAQ? THIS BEHAVIOR WILL GET A REACTION AND THAT IS JUST THE WAY THE WORLD WORKS. IF WE DON'T REACT, WE ARE ONLY BASICALLY INCENTIVIZING MORE OF IT. >> WELL, WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED? PRESIDENT TRUMP CAN GO FROM 0 TO PRESIDENT TRUMP CAN GO FROM 0 TR PRESIDENT TRUMP CAN GO FROM 0 TT PRESIDENT TRUMP CAN GO FROM 0 TY PRESIDENT TRUMP CAN GO FROM 0 TF PRESIDENT TRUMP CAN GO FROM 0 TS PRESIDENT TRUMP CAN GO FROM 0 TT PRESIDENT TRUMP CAN GO FROM 0 T. HE ABSORBED THE DRONE SAYING, IT WAS JUST A DRONE. IT WAS A PRETTY SMART MOVE. THEY GO AFTER THE LARGEST OIL FIELD IN THE WORLD AND SAUDI ARABIA DISRUPTING ALL OIL PRICES AND THE PRESIDENT HELD BACK. I CAN TELL YOU, I WAS WITH HIM WHEN ALL THAT HAPPEN. WHEN THEY KILLED OUR CONTRACTOR, THAT CHANGED EVERYTHING. AMERICA FIRST MEANS TO ME, YOU KILL AN AMERICAN, YOU ARE GOING TO BE THE FIRST ONE WE COME AFTER. THESE MISSILES DID NOT KILL AN AMERICAN TONIGHT, I HOPE, BUT THE PRESIDENT IS VERY METHODICA METHODICAL. HE'S GOT ONE OF THE BEST NATIONAL SECURITY TEAMS THAT I'VE SEEN SINCE I'VE BEEN UP HERE. WE ARE DEALING WITH RELIGIOUS NAZIS. THEY HAVE BEEN DISRUPTING THE MIDEAST FOR 40 YEARS. >> Sean: I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT THIS. THERE MAY BE A MIND-SET. I KNOW WE HAVE THE BENGHAZI DEMOCRATS. 100 Y0 YOU CAN RESTART YOUR NUCLEAR PROGRAM. IT'S PROBABLY ONE OF THE DUMBEST DEALS EVER. THIS IS A VERY IMPORTANT POINT. THE LAST CENTURY, WE LOST 100 MILLION HUMAN SOULS. FASCISM, NAZISM, STALIN, OVER 100 MILLION SOULS. I DON'T WANT WARS AND I DON'T WANT BOOTS ON THE GROUND. I WOULD ARGUE THAT YOU NEVER DO THAT AGAIN. BUT WHEN THEY, WHEN YOU ARE DEALING WITH A SICK TWISTED IDEOLOGIES THAT WOULD STRAP BOMBS ON CHILDREN AND TELL THEM TO GO KILL AMERICANS AND ISRAELIS, I DON'T SEE HOW YOU BEGIN TO NEGOTIATE AT ANY LEVEL WITH THAT KIND OF SICK UGLY EVIL MIND-SET. DO YOU? >> WELL, THIS REGIME IS PROBABLY SOMEWHERE BETWEEN -- HE'S ON A RELIGIOUS QUEST TO DESTROY THE WORLD AND CHANGE IT TO A CERTAIN FORM OF RADICAL ISLAM. HERE'S WHAT THE PRESIDENT, I THINK UNDERSTANDS ABOUT THE IRANIANS. THEY ARE NEVER GOING TO CHANGE UNTIL YOU MAKE THEM CHANGE. FOR THE LAST 40 YEARS, THEY HAVE BEEN WREAKING HAVOC ON THE WORLD. HERE'S WHAT I THINK IS GOING TO BE THINKING ABOUT TONIGHT. WHAT DO I NEED TO DO TOMORROW OR THE NEXT DAY TO GET THEM BACK INTO A DETERRENT MODE SO THAT THEY WILL LEAVE US ALONE AND HOW DO I GET THEM TO CHANGE THEIR MISSILE PROGRAM TO GET A BETTER DEAL ON THEIR NUCLEAR PROGRAM SO THEY WANT HAVE A PATHWAY AND WHAT CAN I DO TO STOP THEM FROM BEING THE LARGEST SPONSOR OF TERRORISM? THE PRICE HAS TO GO UP BEFORE THEY WILL CHANGE. THE PRESIDENT ISN'T LOOKING FOR A REGIME CHANGE, BUT HE IS LOOKING FOR -- LET ME SAY TONIGHT, IF YOU ARE WATCHING TELEVISION IN IRAN. I JUST GOT OFF THE PHONE WITH THE PRESIDENT. YOUR FATE IS IN YOUR OWN HANDS IN TERMS OF THE REGIME'S

- Check it out, guys. It's Trevor James. We are in Kolkata, India. I'm so pumped because this is part three of our Kolkata food series, and today we have a ton of delicious food to try. Check it out. (upbeat, exotic music) - [Trevor Voiceover] This is Kolkata, a street food heaven that you'll fall in love with as soon as you taste the flavors on the street. There's so much food here that our five part series is just the beginning. And with so many friendly people, delicious Bengali food and a bustling atmosphere like no other. - The pure energy. - [Trevor Voiceover] You'll have a crazy and fun travel experience that you'll never forget. We had an amazing six meals, starting out with a brunch thali platter feast, then going on for a huge Bengali lunch, and then moving on for four more amazing street foods that you're gonna love. So make sure to watch until the end to enjoy them all. But before we begin our huge street food tour, I want to give a big shout-out to this street food tour sponsor, the awesome people over at squarespace.com. Squarespace is the all in one solution for building a beautiful website. Whether it's a blog, a portfolio, or an online store, Squarespace makes it super easy for you. It's so easy to create a site. You can just grab one of their award winning templates and customize the whole thing in a drag and drop interface. You can visit Squarespace today for a free trial, and if you decide that it's right for you, you can use the offer code, THEFOODRANGER on check out, which will save you an additional 10%. Once again, that offer code is THEFOODRANGER. And I want to give a huge shout-out and thanks again to Squarespace for sponsoring this Food Ranger episode. Let's eat. - So first thing to start the day that we're gonna get, one thing you'll become addicted to when you travel to eat in India is the thali, big platter with tons of selections of gravies and curries, and we're gonna get that to start the day. - [Trevor Voiceover] This is thali, the spread of dishes that's a world of its own in India with variations in each city and province that would a lifetime to try. And when you open up a menu at a thali restaurant, you're presented with a huge variety of thalis to choose from, including Rajasthani thalis, Gujruiti thalis, Punjabi thalis and more from across the whole country. But since this was a warmup for our huge Bengali lunch feast, I chose the classic Rajasthani thali vegetarian platter and instantly fell in love. - Oh, thank you. Beautiful selection here. Wow, this is one of the most beautiful, colorful meals I think I've ever seen. And the idea here is that you get a full spectrum of flavor, sweet, salty, bitter, sour, astringent and spicy, all on one big platter of different selections of curries and gravies. The basics here, we have different types of bread and papad. There is also desserts over here on the side. We have a sweet custard topped with pomegranate. We have a beautiful, this is like a fried dry kachori topped with dahl, and then this I believe is a sweet almost like dried sugar flour, and then over here, classic gulab jamun, fried dough ball covered in sweet rose syrup. And then we have a selection, oh. Look at this beautiful selection of gravies. This looks like a papaya curry, and then over here, pickled cabbage. Looks like there's some tomatoes. There's some chilies. Oh, there's a bit of pomegranate, and then this here is classic palak paneer, which is paneer cheese in spinach gravy. I believe this is garam flour curried, and then here are a couple types of dahl curry, lentil curry. We have a sweet chutney, I believe, a mint chutney, and this I think is a mango chutney, probably very sour and spicy, and then a cooling, refreshing cucumber and tomato. And then there is also pakora here, which is fried garam flour filled with black fennel, cumin and I believe some coriander, as well. And then over here, I think this is also another sweet flour, almost like powdery sugar topped with pomegranate. We are gonna try out a little bit of the chapati. It's got some nice mango chutney on there, and we're just gonna get some of that pickled cabbage. Oh, oh, look at that. Ohhh. Mm, mmmm. Oh, that one is actually slightly sour. There is so many different types of seeds in there, like fennel seeds, cumin seeds. That is probably the best cabbage I've ever tasted. There's also some coriander. It's soft, yet there is a bit of a crunch to it. We're gonna take a bunch. Oh, look at that. Palak paneer, spinach with paneer cheese. And then we're gonna take some of this garam curry, just put a bit on there. Different flavors in one mouthful. And then, look at that! And then a bit of dahl, lentil curry. Oh wow. Look at that. Look at that beautiful, beautiful joy. Wow. There is so many amazing spices going on in each bite of each curry that you take. And I am just gonna pour some of that dahl over this naan, over all of this different type of bread and also maybe a bit of this garam. That is heaven. - [Trevor Voiceover] The best thing about thali is the unlimited refills and the healthy yet flavor packed curries and the huge variety of spices you can taste in one setting. And after finishing up some amazing desserts, we made our way to our next destination to taste a traditional Bengali lunch feast. - You will fall in love with Kolkata the minute you arrive. The vibrancy, the action, the hustle and the food is enough to travel here for, solely to eat, and we are on the hunt for our next meal. We're going for lunch number two. Here we are, 6 Ballygunge Place, Flavors of Bengal. Let's try it out. Hi. We're going for a Bengali food heaven up the stairs. Right here's okay? Okay, thank you. Awesome. We are gonna have a Bengali feast, and I hear the flavors of Bengal are all about fresh seafood, spicy and actually a lot of mustard. So starting out, there's lots of drinks, starters, prawns and fish, a fish fry. I think we're gonna just take a quick look and see what we can find. Prawns, oh yeah. Look at that. Oh, look at this, dab chingri. I think that's what we're gonna order, prawns roasted inside a tender coconut. It melts in your mouth. Spicy crab curry, we are gonna get that, as well. And then look. I think this is fish here. Oh yeah, beckti paturi, fish wrapped in a banana leaf roasted. Yeah, we're gonna get that, as well. And look at that. Jumbo prawns, we're gonna get that, as well. So we're gonna get jumbo prawns and the dab chingri, prawns in a tender coconut. Okay, we're gonna need some bread for all of this. Maybe some naan or roti. Let's see. Oh, there's just an unbelievable selection of Bengali specialties. Okay, here's the rice and bread. Let's a kachori bread stuffed green peas and bread stuffed with lentils with the subtle flavor of anise seed. Oh, thank you. - [Server] This is crab cracker. - Crab cracker, okay. Thank you so much. (speaking foreign language) - Okay, it looks amazing. We have jumbo prawn in a rich, thick curry gravy. Oh, that looks so beautiful. And then over here, we have white river fish wrapped in banana leaf in I believe that is a mustard paste. And then look at this. This is beautiful. Let's see what's inside there. Oh, it's a coconut stuffed with little baby shrimp. Oh, and that gravy is creamy from coconut milk, and I think that is also mustard flavor. And then there is a lentil dahl here. Look at that lentil dahl. And then oh ho, this is amazing. Oh, spicy crab claws in a thick curry paste. That looks thick. They must've simmered that for hours. First thing we're gonna try is this coconut prawns, coconut beautiful little shrimp in that nice gravy. Let's try that out. Mm, mmmm. There is such a light curry and mustard fragrance in there. The main flavor you get is a creamy, smooth coconutty joy. And then look at this jumbo prawn. Wow! Look at that beauty. It is soaked with that super rich gravy sauce curry from heaven. Oh yeah. And then we're just gonna pour a little bit of that sauce over top. Oh, beautiful. India is where your food dreams will come true. Look at that head. You can just suck the head butter. Look at that head butter. I think I'm just gonna go right in and suck all of that head butter off. This is a double hander. This is a double hander, messy feast from heaven. Oh, that is incredible! That curry sauce, that curry sauce is the most incredible thing in the world. It is actually slightly sweet. You can just suck out all the head butter. You could drink that. That's what I'm gonna do. Mm, it almost has like a honey fragrance to it, and the head butter gives it a real buttery, creamy delight. - [Trevor Voiceover] After enjoying these amazingly potent and flavor packed seafoods and curries, we made our way to North Kolkata to try another famous dish, the mutton kosha mangsho, and found a classic old shop selling plate after plate of this spicy mutton curry that all the locals love. - We are on the way for more delicious street food. It's been an amazing day so far. You having fun, Ting? - Yeah. - It's good fun, delicious food, amazing Bengali food, and we are on the way for our next meal, kosha mangsho, delicious, spicy mutton curry. Look at this action. We are in the heart of North Kolkata right now, guys. Right up ahead there is a famous kosha mangsho joint. We're gonna cross the street and try it out. It's alive with energy here in Kolkata. Look at this, guys. Okay, (speaking foreign language) kosha mangsho and (speaking foreign language) please. - Then one then two? - One please. - One please. - Can I eat here? Okay, thank you. Amazing. So we're just scooping the kosha mangsho onto the plate here. This is the most, this looks like the thickest, richest curry I've ever experienced. Look at that kosha mangsho. This is a rich mutton curry, famous in Kolkata, and we found this beautiful little hole in the wall to try it out. Look at that. This is packed with chili and garlic, spicy masala powder, chili powder. Oh look at that. It's quite oily. You know when you see something that thick, that pasty and rich, it's gonna be good. Oh! Whoa! Oh yeah! The mutton is absolutely tender. It just melts in your mouth. Oh wow. And there is a ton of flavor in that. Wow, it's good. Thank you. Very good. It is just condensed, raw flavor. The spices in there. I think I taste a little bit of cloves, maybe a bit of cinnamon. That was amazing. (speaking foreign language) Very nice. Thanks so much. Wow, and now we're back on the street looking for more. This looks like the biriyani hot spot. Oh, the noodle hot spot. Look at this. So we just found a little stall that has momos and rolls. Calcutta is famous for its variety of rolls, and you can see there's a ton of rolls here, mutton rolls, egg rolls, chicken kebab rolls, beautiful. And then there's also fried noodles, Chinese style chowmin, fried rice, and momos, dumplings, and we are gonna get some chicken momos. - [Trevor Voiceover] If you love Chinese and Indian food, you're gonna love the food in Kolkata because you can find Chinese food with an Indian influence almost everywhere. It's just part of the food culture here. And on almost all menus, you can find not only Indian food, but there will be a Chinese section, as well. So when we walked by this random street food dinner joint, we knew we had to order up some momos. - We just ordered up non-veg chicken momos, and it looks like they serve a nice, healthy soup here, as well. But the main feature here is the momo. Amazing. (car horn beeping) Mm. Oh wow! Oh, that's my first time having momos in India. Full of onion. It has an onion pit. It's actually quite peppery, as well with that chili sauce. The chili sauce is a little bit sour and spicy. That is really good. So we're exploring down a deep, dark back alley because we have a recommendation just around here for some delicious beef kebabs. See if we can find them. And this is a really, really deep recommendation that we've got. We're on the hunt for these beef kebabs. We found it, Adam's Kebab. Hello. (speaking foreign language) Adam's Kebab. Wow. Oh, look at these kebabs, guys. And they're actually tied together with a cotton string. Look at that. (metal rattling) Thank you. Beautiful. Look at this. We just go the minced beef kebab. They removed the string because the string was keeping it all together. They give you a little bit of lime, and that is marinated in a lot of spices. Squeeze a little lime on there. It comes with onion and green chili, and we're gonna get a bit of both. Oh, and it's crispy. Try that out. Oh, wow! That's really nice. Oh, look at that, guys. It almost tastes like a, it almost has the consistency of pate, and then it's full of spices. I can taste cumin in there. Definitely has a chili kick and a strong lemon kick, as well. That is really nice. Mm. It was good. Thank you. So just as we were exploring this back neighborhood, we walked up into this little shop, and they are making fresh sweets, fresh gulab jamun. Oh, gulab jamun, and we just had that earlier today for lunch. It is an amazing spectacle here to see how they make the sweets in these little backstreet shops. So gulab jamun being fried dough balls covered in sweet rose syrup. Thank you. We're gonna keep exploring here. So just out of that sweet shop, and we've gotten invited to taste a fresh gulab jamun. Gulab jamun? Okay, so we're gonna try the gulab jamun. - Okay, yeah, sure. - Okay, thank you. - So look at that, guys. It's freshly made, hot off the street gulab jamun in this deep neighborhood in Calcutta. Fried dough balls covered in rose syrup, syrup, sugar? - Yeah, yeah. - Sweet. Oh, oh, thank you. It is plump. It is plump and saturated with that rose syrup. (car horns honking) Mm hmm. - How is it? - Oh wow. Oh wow, that is really nice. Oh, it's good. Thank you. (speaking foreign language) Oh, it's so sweet and soft. Oh, it just melts in your mouth. Look at that. It's just saturated with that syrup. It's very satisfying. Mm, it's warm and fresh. Please click that thumbs up button and subscribe to this channel if you haven't already. The food we had today is off the hook, and this is just part three of many Kolkata street food tours. Thank you so much for watching.

Nutrition in Human beings Food enters of a body through mouth and travels through a long canal which ends at anus This canal is called Elementary canal. In the mouth the food is ground to a paste by teeth and saliva Saliva is a watery fluid not only makes the food soft and wet it also has an enzyme called Saliva amylaze which partially digested the sugars Now the food has to reach the stomach through a pipe called esophagus the muscles of the esophagus contact atomically to move the food through it into the stomach. Stomach is a large muscular hallow organ in which the food is thoroughly mix it with more digestive juices Secreted by gastric glands present in the walls of this stomach These juices include 1) Pepsin : a protein digesting enzyme 2) Hydrochloric acid to provide acidic medium for the proper action of Pepsin. and 3) Mucus to prevent the damage of stomach wall by the action of HCL at the end of this stomach Sphincter Muscles slowly releases the food into the small intestine the longest part of the Elementary canal Which is highly coiled to get accommodated in small space. It receives pancreatic juice from the pancreas intestinal juices from the glands in the intestines and bile juice from the liver pancreatic juice and intestinal juices contain enzymes like Trypsin, Lipase pancreatic amylase peptidases and nucleases by does two things 1) It breaks the fats into smaller droplets Providing more surface area for the quick action of enzymes 2) Bile makes the intestinal Ph to alkaline So by that the digestion of fats and carbohydrates is facilitated these enzymes finally make the Carbohydrates to sugars proteins to Amino acids and fats to fatty acids and glycerol The inner lining of the small intestine has finger-like projections called Villi Where the nutrients derived in digetsion are absorbed into the bloodstream? The unabsorbed food is sent into a large intestine where water is absorbed and the rest is excreted out through anus you

STRZAŁ - Stój! - Porucznik Bronisław Jabłoński. - Józef Szymański. Władek Jarociński. KRZYCZĄ Koniec wojny. OKRZYKI RADOŚCI Syn pojechał w '13 do Petersburga. KRZYCZY PO ROSYJSKU Jest dobrze! Z Bogiem. StrzeIec Bocian meIduje się na rozkaz. - Co pan tu robi? - Chcę wstą ić do wojska. - Mieczysław Pijanowski, herbu Topór. - Miło mi pana poznać. Proponują mi miejsce w wywiadzie. Zrobisz karierę u Piłsudskiego. Co to ma być? Natychmiast wydać porucznikowi odpowiedni mundur. Witam. Dziękuję. - Czołem, towarzyszu sekretarzu. - Czołem! Jak sytuacja w okoIicy? Sytuacja? Nie kręcą się niedobitki Białych aIbo inna swołocz? Ja tam nie wiem. Zwracam się do was oficjaInie, abyście udzieIiIi informacji, czy nie ma w okoIicy podejrzanych grup. AIbo czy KToś ze wsi czegoś nie widział. - A bo ja tam wiem... - ''A bo ja tam wiem''! Jak zwykIe komuś zażył. ''A bo ja tam wiem''! ŚMIEJĄ SIĘ - Przepraszam. - Przepraszam. O Boże! Nic się nie stało. CHRZĄKA - Widzę, że już poznałeś panią Jadwigę. Pan porucznik Szymański. Pani Jadwiga Korwin-Sawicka. A pani Barbara? Przeniesiono ją do biura inspeKTora sanitarnego frontu. - Jej mąż... - Pracuje tam. Wiem. - Kapitan u siebie? - Oczywiście, wchodź. Pani Barbara zostawiła mi ściągawkę, aIe dIa pewności - - herbata z mIekiem bez cukru, rzadko czarna kawa. - Zgadza się? - Co do joty. TyIko niech to się nie przedostanie w ręce wroga. - Panie poruczniku, a... - Tak? Co podać tym razem? Kawę. TyIko bez ciastka. - Co na to agentura? - Potwierdza. Mają tyIko dwa meIdunki, aIe pokrywające się z tym, co tu. I co myśIisz? PUKANIE Chodź! PokonaIi Denikina i teraz chcą się zabrać za nas. Widzisz? BoIszewicy wydaIi rozkazy przerzucenia armii z Krymu i czterech z UraIu w rejon Bramy SmoIeńskiej. Potrzebuję jak najwięcej informacji. Proszę. Na częstotIiwościach wojskowych słyszymy prawie wszystko, aIe ich partia porozumiewa się na innych częstotIiwościach. Nie potraficie ustaIić częstotIiwości czy złamać szyfru? Szyfr już załatwiIiśmy z profesorem Kozłowskim, częstotIiwości znamy, aIe nie możemy słuchać wszystkiego jednocześnie. Czego potrzebujecie? W takim razie dużo więcej teIegrafistów. Bondaruk Stiepan Nikołajewicz. Odmówił tydzień temu wyjścia do pracy, zamiast tego poszedł do cerkwi. Łysenko Prokop Prokopowicz. Prowadził kontrrewoIucyjną agitację. W obydwu sprawach chodzi o to samo. O działanie przeciwko nowej, sprawiedIiwej Rosji. Wyrok wyda dowódca oddziału Armii Czerwonej, towarzysz Tkaczenko WasiIij Grigoriewicz. - Wyrok w imieniu Iudu pracującego... - AIe sąd będzie sprawiedIiwy! Nawet zbrodniarz ma prawo się bronić. Na obrońcę sąd wyznacza i powołuje obywateIa Sołomina. ObywateIu Sołomin, chodźcie tutaj. - Chodźcie tu bIiżej. - BIiżej. BIiżej, bIiżej. ObywateIu Sołomin, co możecie powiedzieć na obronę oskarżonych? - No, Sołomin, mówcie. - Bondaruk chory był. PaIiło go tu. Taki słaby, że chodzić nie mógł. - AIe do cerkwi doszedł. - No. PomodIić się chciał. SłyszeIiście, obywateIe? Do roboty iść mu się nie chciało, do Iekarza pójść nie chciał. AIe do cerkiewki, żeby sobie posiedzieć na wygodnym zydeIku,to tak. On modIić się o zdrowie chciał. Zaraz, jak sąd wyda wyrok, będzie się mógł pomodIić do woIi. Co powiecie o kontrrewoIucyjnym agitatorze Łysenko? ŚMIEJE SIĘ, WRAZ Z NIM INNI On nie jest kontrrewoIuc... agitator. A KTo powiedział w karczmie, że ma w dupie władzę Iudu? W zeszłym tygodniu Marczuk wyznaczył go bez koIejki wieźć mIeko do mIeczarni. A bo Marczuk chciał se na Łysenki babę wIeźć. ŚMIECHY MiIczeć! Dobra, co to ma do rzeczy? A to, że kierownik zIewni się upił i nie przyjmował i Łysenko się wrócił do domu, a tam baba z drugim sekretarzem. Po ryju im nakładł i się z żaIu poszedł upić. - I jak się upił, to powiedział... - Dobra, nie musicie powtarzać. Moim zdaniem sprawa jest jasna. Obaj sabotują budowę nowego państwa. Wnoszę o skazanie obydwu na karę śmierci. Słusznie. Potwierdzam wyrok, KTórego w imieniu Iudu pracującego zażądał oskarżycieI trybunału. STRZAŁ Y Sprzątnąć. ŚPIEW: żołnierze strzeIają, - żołnierze strzeIają, Pan Bóg kuIe nosi. Wojenko, wojenko... Kompania, stać! Pani pozwoIi, kapitan Jan Miłoszewski. Zofia OIszyńska. Rozumiem, że będziecie panowie stacjonować w naszym miasteczku. Ojciec zwykIe zaprasza nowo przybyłych oficerów na obiad. Zatem do zobaczenia jutro. Kompania, śpiew! ŚPIEWAJĄ: Wojenko, wojenko, cóżeś ty za pani... No! Muszę powiedzieć, że zrobiIiście na mnie duże wrażenie. że niby jak? Tak żeście potrafiIi dobrać argumenty, że gdyby na moim miejscu był KToś mniej doświadczony, sąd by ich uniewinnił. Tak żeście jasno wystawiIi, co i jak, dIaczego, że mało brakowało, a dwóch wrogów uniknęłoby sprawiedIiwej kary. Miałem ich bronić, komisarzu. AIe po co było wyciągać te wszystkie prywatne sprawy, brudy. Towarzysza Marczuka oczerniać. O babskich dupach gadać. Ja tam, komisarzu, nie... - NaIeżycie do partii boIszewickiej? - Tak. Sołomin. Nie może być tak, że członek naszej partii jest wrogiem Iudu pracującego. No, aIe... Oj, niedobrze, towarzyszu komisarzu. Nie odróżniacie wrogów kIasowych od naszych, choć i niechętnych. A wy, towarzyszu dowódco, znacie taką grupę społeczną: swoi, a niechętni? ŹIe powiedziałem. Nie niechętni, aIe zniechęceni tym, że po rewoIucji nie mają Iepiej. - A nie mają Iepiej? - A mają? Bo według mnie to nie. PrzedstawicieIe partii muszą świecić przykładem. Najpierw niech przestaną świecić gołym dupskiem. Wy, towarzyszu, inteIigent. DIa was jestem komisarzem postawionym tu przez partię. WidzieIiście teczkę? Każdy sekretarz dostał płat skóry. Na buty z choIewami aIbo teczkę. Wszyscy bez wyjątku zrobiIi teczki, choć większość z nich to anaIfabeci. Teraz paradują boso. Partia zrobiła ich sekretarzami. Ja też Iedwo piszę i czytam. AIe jak już kogoś tnę szabIą... Co tu tak smutno? Gdzie harmoszka? Śpiewać mi tu. NIEMRAWE OKRZYKI RADOŚCI DŹWIĘKI FORTEPIANU ŚPIEWA PO FRANCUSKU PO POLSKU: Czuły gest, - naszych ust cichy szept. Niebezpieczna, szaIona to gra. Cały świat miał być nasz, więc zatrzymał się czas, jakby romans bez końca miał trwać. W rytm meIodii zakochana nieprzytomnie tańczyłam z tobą i wirował świat. Dziś nie cieszy mnie nic, smutne ranki i dni, pełne ciebie, choć nie ma cię tu. ŚPIEWA PO FRANCUSKU OKLASKI O, Bronek, pozwóI! PozwóI, że ci przedstawię: pan porucznik Bronisław Jabłoński. LuIu Biedrzycka. - Była pani wspaniała. - Dziękuję. Przepraszam, że tak późno, musiałam się rozcharaKTeryzować. - A potem ucharaKTeryzować ponownie. - To zbytnia kokieteria. - Osoba tak powabna nie musi się... - Nawet ubierać. Moi drodzy, ja zapraszam, ruszajmy w bój. ŚMIEJĄ SIĘ MUZYKA TANECZNA Chyba wpadła mu w oko. Nic dziwnego, jest świetna. Lepsza ode mnie? Nigdy w życiu. To dobrze, że Bronek będzie miał z kim spędzać czas. Dopóki przez nią nie zbankrutuje. Ciekawe, jaki jest żołd porucznika. Spokojna głowa, nie zbankrutuje. To mój koIega. Witamy zacnych gości. Kapitan Jan Miłoszewski. Boże, jakie to szczęście zobaczyć poIskich oficerów przed naszym dworem. Czas wojny na szczęście za nami. Porucznik Władysław Jarociński. Panowie pozwoIą, nasz syn TeofiI. - TeofiI OIszyński. - Cześć, koIego. Utrapienie z nim. Co dzień w stajni od 6.00 rano. Dziewięć-dziesięć godzin na koniu. Mało tego, sam czyści, poi. Mówię: masz do tego służbę. A on: a w waIce KTo mi usłuży? - A nie mam racji? - Ma rację. - Poproś panów do stołu. - Prosimy. Nasza córka. Prosimy. Słabość państwa zawsze prowokuje do buntów społecznych. A nasz kraj ma niestety na widoku nową wojnę na wschodzie. Trzeba ją skończyć szybko, żeby móc zaprowadzić porządek w kraju. MyśIę, że armia powinna chronić przed wrogiem zewnętrznym, a nie być żandarmem społeczeństwa. Inaczej chłop znienawidzi żołnierza. żołnierz ma bronić nie tyIko chłopa, aIe każdego praworządnego obywateIa. A KToś, KTo chce robić rewoIucję, sam stawia się poza prawem. Chłop nie będzie robił rewoIucji, gdy wieś będzie dobrze gospodarowana. Rzeczywiście takie metody wprowadził pan w swoim majątku? MyśIę, że nie tyIko w majątkach, aIe i u zamożniejszych chłopów też w ten sposób gospodarują, prawda? A ja myśIę, że dość tej strzeIaniny. Wszak wojna się skończyła, prawda? - Piękne konie. - Widzę, że jest pan miłośnikiem koni. Przed wojną chciałem założyć hodowIę. Tak? To tutaj znaIazł pan bratnie dusze. Może macie panowie ochotę na małą przejażdżkę? - Spędzamy w siodIe tyIe czasu, że... - Rozumiem. A pan? Niech się pan nie martwi, odwieziemy pana do koszar. Panie kapitanie? Zgoda. Jeszcze raz dziękujemy. Pokażemy panu z Zosią najIepsze tereny do jazdy. Gdzie wy się podziewacie? MyśIałem, że was noc zaskoczy. Bardzo dziękuję za przejażdżkę. Miło mi, że mogIiśmy panu zrobić przyjemność. Szkoda, że jest pan, jak się domyśIam, bardzo zajęty. Mógłby pan objeżdżać nasze konie. My nie dajemy już rady. Nie powierzę dobrego wierzchowca byIe stajennemu. AIeż Zosiu! Panie poruczniku, to świetny pomysł. Byłbym wdzięczny, gdyby zechciał pan przyjąć jednego konia. Co tydzień wpadałby pan do nas na kawę i zmieniał wierzchowca. No nie wiem. Nie ma o czym myśIeć. Postanowione. Boże, jaki piękny kapeIusz, muszę go przymierzyć! Dzień dobry! Może jakiś nowy kapeIusz? - Mogę go przymierzyć? - Proszę. Pięknie pani wygIąda! LuIu, bosko! Kochana, musisz go mieć! Jest ci w nim po prostu przepięknie. ŚMIECH LULU I ona ma kapeIusik, i on ma czapkę. A pokaż z tyłu! Przecież posłaniec nikogo nie zastanie. Pamiętasz adres? Mam otwierać cudze mieszkanie jak własne? A jeśIi mnie wezmą za włamywacza? W tym przebraniu? Mundur poIskiego oficera nazywa pani przebraniem? Kara będzie natychmiastowa. Lecę. Dzisiaj mam tyIko jedną piosenkę, za godzinę będę w domu. JerozoIimskie 8, gaIopem! Dawaj! Do widzenia pani. Do widzenia, panie poruczniku. PISZE NA MASZYNIE STUKOT MASZYNY DO PISANIA Pani Jadwigo. Czy pozwoIi pani zaprosić się do kawiarni? Dzisiaj po pracy, oczywiście. Nie. To znaczy dzisiaj po pracy nie, jutro po pracy bardzo chętnie. Dzisiaj muszę biec do synka. Przepraszam, jeżeIi chodzi o jutro, to w tej chwiIi nie wiem jeszcze. Rozumiem. To co, idziemy? Do widzenia. Do widzenia, panie poruczniku. WZD YCHA Jej męża poznałem w pierwszej brygadzie. Zginął podczas odwrotu po bitwie pod Łowczówkiem. WZD YCHA W pewnej chwiIi mówi do mnie: Wesoło spędzamy pierwszy dzień świąt. Na zegarku była minuta po północy, to mówię - już drugi. Spojrzałem na KaroIa - już nie żył. Została dziewczyna sama z dzieckiem. Zwróciła się do mnie o pomoc. I pracuje. Podoba ci się? A nie ma jakiejś rodziny, rodziców? Oboje zginęIi w Rosji podczas rewoIucji. Ich sąsiadka odesłała mi kiIka drobiazgów po nich. Właściwie przed wojną Warszawa to była prowincja. I rodzice skorzystaIi z propozycji, jaką dostał tata. On był inżynierem-eIeKTrykiem. Po studiach w Paryżu. I zaoferowano mu stanowisko w Moskwie. To było w '09 aIbo na początku '10. No i pojechaIi. A pani? Pojechałam, oczywiście, do Moskwy. TyIko że bardzo tęskniłam. Dopiero co skończyłam 18 Iat. Byłam zakochana. Po roku on przyjechał. Poprosił tatę o moją rękę. Dwa Iata później urodził się Tomek. ByIiśmy szczęśIiwi. Przepraszam. A potem przyszła wojna. KaroI poszedł do wojska, potem do Iegionów. A jak pani sobie radziła? Wie pan, dopóki żyła jeszcze teściowa, bo teść umarł jeszcze przed wojną, to jakoś... Wyprzedawałyśmy po koIei wszystko, co miałyśmy cenniejszego. A ostatnich kiIka miesięcy to... Wreszcie zadzwoniłam do kapitana i poprosiłam o pomoc w znaIezieniu pracy. Niech mi pan powie, czy oni tu przyjdą? Bo wie pan... Wy wiecie więcej niż inni, ja chcę wiedzieć tyIko to jedno. AIeż pani Jadwigo, na pewno nie. W najgorszym wypadku zatrzymaIiby się na Iinii Bugu, aIe to naprawdę musiałyby nas dopaść jednocześnie powódź, pożar i dżuma. Wierzę panu. Wie pan... Ja myśIałam, że... że ja rozumiem Rosjan. AIe teraz zaczynam się ich bać. Bać i nienawidzić. Za moich rodziców. Za to, co zrobiIi z moim życiem. Przepraszam, aIe chciałam już pójść do domu. Umówimy się na następną kawę następnym razem. Do zobaczenia. - Jak się panu spodobał Belzebub? - Świetny koń. - Może nerwowo reaguje na wędzidło... - Nie ma pan racji, poruczniku. Ten koń wymaga deIikatnej ręki. Musiał go pan za ostro prowadzić. - Tak, to wyjątkowo damski koń. - Damski? Jeżdżę nie gorzej od pana, a BeIzebuba prowadzę tak, żeby nie reagował nerwowo. Pan Władysław ma rację. To nie koń, tyIko francuski piesek. Nie wiem, czy mogę brać od państwa konie. Nie mam czasu na nich jeździć. To zawsze Iepiej, niż chodziłyby u nas. Wciąż nie mamy nikogo, KTo mógłby to zrobić za pana. Zośka! Na mnie już czas. A pani, panno Zosiu, nie ma racji. Czasami dobre ujeżdżenie wymaga siInej ręki. Inaczej koń narowieje. Na koniach się co prawda nie znam, aIe ogóInie rzecz biorąc, ma pan rację. POMRUK NIEZADOWOLONYCH GŁOSÓW CHŁOP: To nie może być tak, żebyśmy staIi na deszczu tyIe godzin. Co się tu dzieje? O co chodzi? Ano o to, że jutro trzeba krowy wydoić, zwierzęta nakarmić. - Codziennie trzeba, więc w czym rzecz? - W tym, że nie ma komu tego zrobić. - My już dziś swoje zrobiIi. - Nie rozumiem. Co tu jest do rozumienia? Wydał rząd dekret, że pracować woIno ino osiem godzin? WieImożny pan będzie musiał kogo innego na jutro nająć. Ludzie, co wy! - W gospodarstwie zawsze robiło się... - Robiło się! A teraz jest dekret i koniec. AIe jest też wojna. I każdy, KTo uniemożIiwi choćby takie wydojenie krów, może być posądzony o sabotaż. No a w czasie wojny to oznacza tyIko jedno. W razie jakiejś próby buntu, proszę wysłać posłańca do garnizonu. Mamy w swoich szeregach pIuton egzekucyjny. Jeszcze raz dziękuję za gościnę i do zobaczenia w przyszłym tygodniu. SłyszeIiście? Ludzie! Naprawdę wieIka szkoda, że tyIko raz na tydzień jest niedzieIa. AIe to wina wuja, sam wybrał karierę wojskową. CzyIi dyscypIinę. Stopień wojskowy miał być tyIko eIeganckim dodatkiem do herbu. Kto mógł przypuszczać, że wybuchnie wojna i rewoIucja? Siedziałbym teraz w moim majątku, urządzał poIowania. I dziękował Bogu, że tak wcześnie powołał do siebie mojego dziadka. AIe teraz pewnie boIszewicy urządziIi tam swój rewkom. Wysoką cenę trzeba czasem płacić za woIność ojczyzny. Panie poruczniku, przeszIiśmy razem dosyć, żeby mówić sobie po imieniu. - Adam. - Bronisław. - Panowie, wy się tu bratacie, a ja... - Mów mi - wuju. - Przecież mówię. - Bardzo dobrze. Na mnie już czas, panowie. KeIner, rachunek. Adam, pozwóI, że ja zapłacę. Nie mogę pozwoIić, żeby płacił młodszy stopniem. Pax romana, panowie. Dziś ja płacę. Świetnie. Do zobaczenia. Do widzenia. Sprytne. Co? O, to... ''pozwóI, że ja...''. Przecież wiadomo, że nie pozwoIi. Nienajciekawiej u mnie z finansami ostatnio. LuIu? Trudno coś zaoszczędzić. Jak mawiają żydzi: nie myśI, jak zaoszczędzić, tyIko jak zarobić. Mów. DaIej podpisujecie kontraKTy na dostawę mąki w wojsku? - Tak. - No. To przekonasz nowego koIegę, a mojego szanownego wuja, żeby zmienił dostawcę. Ja cię poznam z miłym młynarzem, KTóry będzie ci bardzo wdzięczny. - AIe... - Nie ma żadnego ''aIe''. Znaczy - jest. Wojsko będzie dostawało mąkę, tak jak dostaje, aIe i ty z tego coś będziesz miał. A ty? Z całych sił wbijasz i poprawiasz koIbą. Nie będzie żadnej PoIski, bo my tu przyjdziemy. Będziemy mieIi rządy prosto z Rosji. - A on wie, o co tutaj chodzi? - Nie, i nie może się dowiedzieć. AIarm! Zabezpieczyć bramę! DostaIiśmy rozkaz wymarszu. Boję się, że też nie wrócisz.

[MUSIC PLAYING] MAN: [SINGING] One of these things is not like the others. One of these things doesn't belong. Can you tell which thing is not like the other by the time I finish this song?

Market volatility has been increasing for a number of weeks now. Is this the calm before the storm, and are we in for a global recession? I would argue that the next global downturn is already upon us. By some indications there are still a lot of positive signals out there in the economy. Politicians in the US talk about the robustness of the US consumer. And yes, the headline figures in spending have been relatively strong given how late we are in a recovery cycle. But if you dig down deeper you start to see some real fragility. US consumers are starting to pare back on credit card debt. They're also spending less on gasoline and motor fuel in the middle of a summer vacation season, which is quite unusual. If you spread out beyond the borders of the US and look at what's happening around the world, you see the purchasing managers' indexes, which are a very forward-looking indicator of the global economy, are quite weak in places like France and Germany, as well as the US. The bond markets are sending some very negative signals. We've seen inverted bond yield curves in both the US and the UK, and these are one of the best and most important predictors of a coming recession. I think that the thing that the market is going to be looking for in the future is whether or not there will be a US trade deal with China, and I think that by all indications that's not going to happen. You'll see President Trump trying to step in with a head fake now and again, perhaps pushing tariffs back to help delay the pain throughout the Christmas shopping season. But fundamentally, the US is asking China to make changes in the party, in its economy, in ways that it feels are fundamentally unfair. The Chinese have said that they will not accept anything less than a deal of equals, and I think that President Trump is constitutionally incapable of crafting a win-win deal. Beyond that, and at a very fundamental level, you're looking at the fact that monetary policy is really tapped out. Central bankers have been the only game in town for the last decade, if not the last four decades, depending on where you would like to put the marker. And the recent rate cut by the Fed simply didn't move markets. I think that we are tapped out on what we can do with monetary policy, and we need fiscal policy now to step in and really create a new growth story. Unfortunately, governments are gridlocked everywhere - you have leftwing pop parties - rightwing parties growing in many parts of the world. And if the populous come to power you may start to see some real shifts in the licence that companies have to do business as usual. All this to me says that we are headed into the next global downturn.

Seperti yg dijanjikan sebelumnya, aku bakal nunjukkin gimana aku selesein Story camus ke-9 pake akun SEA ku Pertama kalian harus ngikutin speednya. Dasarnya, June harus lebih cepet dr 600, Ikki harus lebih lambat dr 480, Shaka harus lebih lambat dr Ikki Utk Daidalos lebih bagus kalo 600+ juga, tp kalo ga bisa, setidaknya dia harus lebih cepat drpd Ikki, Pandora harus terakhir dan pake Camus punya kalian sendiri Utk cosmo legend, Ikki pake Blood Elf, Camus dan Shaka pake Hyacinth, Daidalps pake marsh fairy, dan June bakal jd DPS PATK pake Felina Utk Pandora, wajib Lv3 di skill ke-3 nya, Lv4 lebih baik lagi biar ga main hoki2an xD June bakal jd damager PATK, pakein cosmo damager Pertama2, hide CATK tertinggi dan tentu saja itu pasti DC Ikki Dan ini hoki2an yg pertama, perempuan api harus nyerang ke Camus atau June, kalo dia nyerang yg lain maka harus diulang, chance nya 2 banding 5, 40% ~ Skrg tarik CATK Myu pake Daidalos Dan selanjutnya hoki2an bagi aku, Basic atk Ikki ku masih Lv3 dan aku harus ninggalin mark di Myu, kalian yg basic atk Ikki nya udah Lv4 ga butuh Hoki2an lagi Skrg silent Ikki, kalo Leo kena mute berarti bonus. Status hit aku 80%, aku rekomen sebanyak ini ke kalian juga, camus nyerang Myu utk ngurangin CATK nya aja Setelah itu Pandora skill yg 0 energi, dia bakal ngelakuin ini setiap 2 round Jangan khawatir, ntah kenapa tp Daidalos slalu jd targetnya, jd biarin aja dia beku / ke-stun Dan jangan khawatir sama 'confuse' nya, itu bakal bantu naikin def dan healing Dan skrg tinggal ulangin aja semuanya Ini hoki2an yg ke-3 bagi aku, kalo Myu nya nyerang Shaka maka harus diulang, apalagi kalo nanti gagal di hoki2an ke-4 Hoki2an yg ke-4 itu dmg Ikki, kalo Ikki nyerang minion duluan berarti hoki, kalo ngga maka Camus yg harus ngerjain, butuh Camus DPS Kalo nyerang yg biru, bikin Ikki balik ke wujud manusia OK jd aku rasa Camus bakal ngurusin sisanya di selanjutnya, pake aja Aurora Execution utk AEO reduksi atk Dr sini berharap aja hoki2an dr Pandora heal nya bagus, harus nunggu sampe minionnya mati (shiryu dan Ikki) Karna pola nya akan bervariasi tergantung HP dan ATK, aku ga bisa bantu banyak disini, antisipasi aja segala sesuatunya Skrg semua minion udah mati, bisa lepas vine nya June dan nyerang perempuan Es. Ya sebenernya Shiryu ga begitu sakit, bisa mulai d4 pas sisa shiryu sih Kalo ngerasa perempuan es udah mau mati, jangan di kill dulu sebelum yg api mati Kalian bisa biarin yg lain mati selain June, Shiryu, dan Pandora skrg, tp lebih baik kalo ngga, khususnya Daidalos, kayaknya kalo dia mati June bakal ditargetin Oh perempuan es ga mati, harus nunggu lagi OK akhirnya, aku udah nyobain ratusan kali utk nemuin Hoki terbaik dan inilah dia, sukses kali ini Jd kalo kalian gagal, coba lagi dan lagi, jangan nyerah Semoga enjoy sama videonya ~

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Als Berlin pleite ging, standen wir bei GBKF, wie alle, unter Schock. Doch gleichzeitig sahen wir uns auch in der Verantwortung. Deshalb haben wir eine Entscheidung getroffen und Berlin gekauft. Um es zu beschützen. Doch schützen reicht uns nicht, wir wollen Berlin noch besser machen und deswegen präsentieren wir Ihnen heute: Das Berlin Prime Ticket. Sind Sie es auch leid, für Dinge zu bezahlen, die Sie gar nicht nutzen? Buchen Sie mit unserer App nur die Bezirke, die Sie auch wirklich betreten wollen. Diesen Monat einen Kaffee im Prenzlberg. Nächsten Monat ein Bier im Wedding, kein Problem. Sie dürfen nur nicht vergessen, rechtzeitig zu buchen. "Aber ich wohne hier!" Sind Sie beim Shoppen auch überfordert von der Auswahl? Installieren Sie einfach die App, die automatisch ein Persönlichkeitsprofil von Ihnen erstellt und Sie erhalten eine einzigartige Auswahl an Geschäften, die Sie kostenlos betreten können. Wer speziellere Wünsche hat, kann sie natürlich einzeln dazubuchen. Oder wählen Sie eins unserer Pakete, wie das Sparfuchs-Paket mit sämtlichen Discountern, denn wie mein Großvater immer zu sagen pflegte: Wer sparen will, muss Geld ausgeben. Lassen Sie Ihre Kinder die verbesserte, kostenlose Grundschule genießen. Und wählen Sie den weiteren Bildungsweg, der perfekt zu Ihrem Kind passt. Erleben Sie tolle Familienwochenenden mit dem Spielplatz-Paket oder doch lieber ein Männerabend mit den Jungs. Wählen Sie aus einer Vielzahl an Freizeitangeboten – das Bier muss natürlich extra gekauft werden. Und für die etwas erwachseneren Freizeitaktivitäten, kommen Sie einfach vorbei und benutzen Sie unsere Erwachsenenidentifizierung. Das Schöne dabei: Sämtliche Inhalte werden auf Ihren Social-Media-Plattformen geteilt. Und das ganz automatisch. Denn geteilter Spaß ist besserer Spaß. Genießen Sie auch weitere Vorteile des Berlin Prime Tickets, zum Beispiel, dass lästige Demonstrationen nur noch außerhalb der Stadt stattfinden. Oder Sie nur noch auf Menschen Ihrer Gesellschaftsschicht treffen. Und wenn Ihnen das alles zu kompliziert ist, holen Sie sich einfach das Rundum-Sorglos-Paket, um automatisch Bündel zu buchen und zu bezahlen, ohne es zu merken. Es war noch nie einfacher, Geld auszugeben. Das Berlin Prime Ticket: Denn wir wissen besser, was die Gesellschaft braucht, als die Gesellschaft selbst. Quack! Wie schön das doch wäre und jetzt stellt euch mal vor, das würde mit dem Internet auch passieren. Haha, versteht ihr den Zusammenhang? Nein? Dieses Video entstand... in Zusammenarbeit mit der Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung. Zu dieser Aktion haben wir zwei weitere Videos gemacht, zu dem Thema Netzneutralität und Zensur. Und in der Infobeschreibung gibt es noch weitere interessante Links zu dem Thema Kommerzialisierung des Internets. Da könnt ihr draufklicken. Ja, tut es. Informiert Euch!

English: - So in this Evidence's video, I'm gonna talk about scientific principles that Joseph Smith had revealed to him well before they were discovered by scientists in modern day, fascinating material. In fact, I was really inspired by this from attending an Education Week lecture series by Dr. John Lamb. He's been a chemistry professor, just retired. He's 36 years of BYU, phenomenal, lots of awards. And what was so exciting about it, is he just wrote a book, and thought I can do a video on this now. "Joseph Smith 21st century view of the world." Truth he knew before the world accepted them. So a lot better than my Education Week notes for trying to do a video anyway, in getting into the meat of things. So very exciting. I highly recommend though going to that education classes if you're ever able to get down there. It's phenomenal, one of the best I've ever seen of anything in my life, just fantastic. I'm going to share parts from the book throughout the video on the different topics also link in the in screen to other videos that would be great on this. Spanish: - En este video de Evidencia, voy a hablar de los principios científicos que Joseph Smith le había revelado mucho antes de que fueran descubiertos por los científicos en la actualidad, un material fascinante. De hecho, me inspiré mucho en esto al asistir a una serie de conferencias de la Semana de la Educación por el Dr. John Lamb. Ha sido profesor de química, acaba de jubilarse. Enseño 36 años en la Universidad Brigham Young, BYU, fenomenal, muchos premios. Y lo emocionante, es que acaba de escribir un libro, y pensé que podía hacer un video sobre él. "Joseph Smith, visión del mundo del siglo XXI". La verdad que sabía antes de que el mundo las aceptara. Mucho mejor que mis notas de la Semana de la Educación para tratar de hacer un video de todos modos, para adentrarme en el meollo de las cosas. Es muy emocionante. Te recomiendo ir a esas clases de educación si alguna vez puedes ir hasta allí. Es fenomenal, una de los mejores que he visto nunca de cualquier cosa en mi vida, simplemente fantástico. Voy a compartir partes del libro a lo largo del vídeo sobre los diferentes temas también se enlazan en la pantalla a otros videos que serían geniales en esto. Portuguese: - Então, neste vídeo do Evidence, vou falar sobre princípios científicos que haviam sido revelados a Joseph Smith bem antes de serem descobertos pelos cientistas dos tempos modernos, um material fascinante. Na verdade, fiquei muito inspirado por isto ao participar da série de palestras da Semana do Ensino do Dr.John Lamb. Ele é professor de química, recém-aposentado. Ele tem 36 anos de BYU, fenomenal, muitos prêmios. E o que foi tão animador nisso é que ele acabou de escrever um livro, e pensei: posso fazer um vídeo sobre isso agora. "Joseph Smith visão do mundo no século 21." A verdade que ele sabia antes que o mundo a aceitasse. Muito melhor do que minhas anotações da Semana do Ensino pelo menos para tentar fazer um vídeo e entrar na parte importante das coisas. Muito animador! Eu recomendo fortemente ir para as aulas de educação se você conseguir ir até lá. É fenomenal, um dos melhores que já vi de qualquer coisa na minha vida, simplesmente fantástico. Vou compartilhar partes do livro ao longo do vídeo sobre os diferentes tópicos, também o link na tela para outros vídeos que são ótimos para esse. English: The video on explosions of light after 1830 and science and religion seeing with both eyes, which would be a great companion videos to this. Okay, so let's start out. Doctrine and Covenants section 121, Joseph's in Liberty Jail. And Lord reveals to him that there will be a bunch of scientific principles that will be revealed essentially, in this dispensation that have never been known throughout the history of the world. And it's interesting, he's getting this in Liberty Jail as though that was be a comforting thing for the saint. So it's fascinating. Dr. Lamb says this, "surely we'd all agree that knowledge of the Gospel itself "can comfort and inspire, "but can so called secular knowledge do so as well? "It should, that is when you consider "that all truth comes from God. "He doesn't make the distinction "between sacred and secular truth, "to him it is all truth. "In this work as we pursue various topics together, "I trust that you will find examples "where in both sacred and secular knowledge "can be both a comfort and inspiration to you "as it has been to me." Then he says, "The coming forth of the Gospel truth "in latter days has been paralleled by an explosion Spanish: El vídeo sobre las explosiones de luz después de 1830 y la ciencia y la religión vista con ambos ojos, que sería un grandes videos complementarios a este. Bien, empecemos. Doctrina y Convenios, sección 121, Joseph está en la cárcel de Liberty, y el Señor le revela que habrá un montón de principios científicos que serán revelados esencialmente, en esta dispensación que nunca se han conocido a lo largo de la historia del mundo. Y es interesante, recibe esto en la cárcel de la Libertad como si eso fuera algo reconfortante para el santo. Es fascinante. El Dr. Lamb dice esto: "Todos estaremos de acuerdo en que el conocimiento del Evangelio en sí mismo "puede consolar e inspirar, "pero ¿puede el llamado conocimiento secular hacerlo mismo? "Debería, cuando consideras "que toda la verdad viene de Dios. "Él no hace la distinción "entre la verdad sagrada y secular, "Para él todo es verdad. "En este trabajo, mientras vemos varios temas juntos, "confío en que encontrarás ejemplos "donde tanto en el conocimiento sagrado como en el secular "pueden ser tanto un consuelo como una inspiración para ti "como lo ha sido para mí". Luego dice: "La aparición de la verdad del Evangelio "en los últimos días ha sido paralela "a una explosión de la verdad científica. Portuguese: O vídeo sobre explosões de luz depois de 1830 e ciência e religião vistas com os dois olhos, que são ótimos vídeos para acompanhar esse. Ok, então vamos começar. Seção 121 de Doutrina e Convênios, Joseph está na Cadeia de Liberty. O Senhor o revela que um grupo de princípios científicos que serão revelados principalmente nesta época, que nunca foram revelados ao longo da história do mundo. E é interessante, ele recebe isso na Cadeia de Liberty como se isso fosse reconfortante para o santo. Então é fascinante. Dr. Lamb diz isso, "certamente todos concordamos que o conhecimento do próprio "Evangelho pode confortar e inspirar, "mas o chamado conhecimento secular também pode fazer isso? "Deveria, é quando você considera "que toda a verdade vem de Deus. "Ele não faz a distinção "entre a verdade sagrada e a secular, "para ele é tudo verdade. "Neste trabalho, enquanto buscamos vários tópicos juntos, "acredito que você encontrará exemplos "onde tanto o conhecimento sagrado quanto o secular, "podem ser tanto um conforto quanto uma inspiração para você "como tem sido para mim." Então ele diz: "O surgimento da verdade do Evangelho "nos últimos dias foi acompanhada por uma explosão Portuguese: "da verdade científica, em determinados aspectos "esses dois campos do conhecimento encontraram harmonias "desde a época de Joseph Smith e maneiras que só agora "estão se sendo apreciadas. "Este é o tema base deste trabalho." É o livro dele. "Somos abençoados por viver em uma época "onde o conhecimento está se expandindo, e o véu das trevas "que obscureceu nossa visão, a verdadeira natureza do mundo "e nosso lugar nele, "por tantos séculos foi levantado. "Veremos neste trabalho vários pontos-chave. "Joseph Smith foi notavelmente visionário "em seu entendimento do mundo natural, antecipando a ciência "que agora passamos a entender no século 21". Ok, vamos olhar para o universo de Deus revelado. Moisés 1: 28-29, "E ele, Moisés, também viu "seus habitantes; e não houve uma só alma, "que não tivesse visto. "E discerniu-as pelo Espírito de Deus; "e grande era seu número, sim, eram incontáveis "como as areias da praia, "E ele viu muitas terras; e cada uma se chamava Terra "e havia habitantes em sua superfície." Agora o Dr. Lamb fala sobre como nos dias de Joseph, a Via Láctea era considerada o universo. Então, entendemos que é apenas Spanish: "En ciertos aspectos "estos dos campos de conocimiento han encontrado armonías "desde la época de Joseph Smith y en formas que solo ahora "se están volviendo a apreciar. "Este es el tema subyacente de este trabajo". Es su libro. "Tenemos la suerte de vivir el tiempo en que el conocimiento "se está expandiendo y el velo de la oscuridad "que oscureció nuestra visión "de la verdadera naturaleza del mundo "y nuestro lugar en él, "durante tantos siglos se ha levantado. "Veremos en este trabajo varios puntos clave. "Joseph Smith fue notablemente previsor en su comprensión "del mundo natural, anticipándose a la ciencia "que ahora hemos llegado a comprender en el siglo XXI". Bien, veamos el universo de Dios revelado. Moisés 1:28-29, "Y él, Moisés, miró también los habitantes de la misma "y no hubo una sola alma que no viese. "Y los discernió por el Espíritu de Dios "y grande era su número, sí, incontables "como la arena sobre la playa del mar, "y vio muchas regiones y cada una se llamaba tierra "y había habitantes sobre la faz de ellas". Ahora el Dr. Lamb habla de cómo en los días de Joseph, la Vía Láctea era considerada como el universo. Entendemos que es solo English: "of scientific truth in certain respects these two fields "of knowledge have found harmonies "since Joseph Smith's time and ways that only now "are becoming to appreciate. "This is the underlying theme of this work." Is his book. "We are blessed to live in a day when knowledge "is expanding and the veil of darkness "which obscured our vision, the true nature of the world "and our place in it, "for so many centuries has being lifted. "We shall see in this work on several key points. "Joseph Smith was remarkably prescient in his understanding "of the natural world, anticipating the science "that we have now come to understand in the 21st century." Okay, let's look at God's universe revealed. Moses 1:28-29, "And he, Moses, beheld also "the inhabitants thereof and there was not a soul, "which he beheld not. "And he discerned them by the Spirit of God "and their numbers were great even numberless "as the sand upon the seashore, "and he'd be held many lands and each land was called Earth "and there were inhabitants on the face thereof." Now Dr. Lamb talks about how in Joseph's day, the Milky Way was considered to be the universe. So we understand that it's just Spanish: una de las miles de millones de galaxias de hoy en día. Pero en su día pensaron que eso era todo, que era el universo entero. Eso fue lo que los estudiosos pensaron en ese momento. Si miras hoy, fascinante, de hecho, los astrónomos dicen que puedes ver probablemente 10 000 estrellas o así a simple vista. Pero los telescopios han podido mejorar nuestra comprensión de esto. Y las cosas han estado cambiando enormemente. Pero la gran catapulta fue el lanzamiento del telescopio espacial Hubble. Está a 238 kilómetros sobre la Tierra, girando alrededor de la tierra como un satélite y fue lanzado en 1990. Y una de las cosas que descubrimos como ejemplo, es que los telescopios anteriores, especialmente el día de Joseph y desde entonces, pensaron que había estas nubes, que eran solo nubes, esencialmente, de polvo y estrellas en la Vía Láctea. Lo que descubrimos con el telescopio Hubble, en particular, era que estas eran otras galaxias. English: one of zillions of galaxies today. But at their day they thought, that was it, that was the entire universe. That was what scholars thought at that point in time. So, if you look today, fascinating, in fact, astronomers say you can see probably 10,000 stars or so with the naked eye. But telescopes have been able to enhance our understanding of this. And things have been changing quite dramatically. But the big catapult was this was the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. It's 348 miles above the Earth, rotating around the earth like a satellite and it was launched in 1990. And one of the things that we found out as an example, is prior telescopes, especially Joseph's day and since then, they thought that there were these clouds, that they were just clouds, essentially, of dust and stars in the Milky Way. What we found out from the Hubble telescope, particularly, was that these were other galaxies. Portuguese: uma de zilhões de galáxias hoje. Mas na época eles pensavam, era isso, aquele era o universo inteiro. Isso foi o que os estudiosos pensaram naquele momento. Então, se você olhar hoje, fascinante, de fato, astrônomos dizem que pode-se ver provavelmente 10.000 estrelas ou então a olho nu. Mas os telescópios foram capazes de melhorar nossa compreensão disso. E as coisas estão mudando dramaticamente. Mas a grande catapulta foi o lançamento do Telescópio Espacial Hubble. Está a 348 milhas acima da Terra, girando ao redor da Terra como um satélite e foi lançado em 1990. E uma das coisas que descobrimos como exemplo são os telescópios anteriores, especialmente nos dias de Joseph, e desde então eles pensaram que haviam essas nuvens, que eram apenas nuvens, essencialmente, de poeira e estrelas na Via Láctea. O que descobrimos com o telescópio Hubble, particularmente, foi que essas eram outras galáxias. Portuguese: Então agora eu quero que você olhe para esta pequena foto na tela, foi uma exposição de 10 dias, o telescópio Hubble apontou a mancha mais escura no céu, eles puderam encontrar e fizeram uma exposição de 10 dias para se concentrar neste ponto específico, e olhe o que eles encontraram, apenas inúmeras galáxias, apenas naquele pequeno ponto, fenomenal. O que, 200 bilhões de estrelas na galáxia da Via Láctea? E quantas galáxias existem no universo? As estimativas são muito amplas entre 100 bilhões a dois trilhões, esse é o intervalo. E alguns cientistas ainda estão falando que o empilhamento multiverso do universo é possível, ou mesmo galáxias dentro de buracos negros, coisas fenomenais sendo faladas. Agora, em sua série de televisão Cosmos, um cientista que não acredita em Deus, Carl Sagan, tenta ajudar o espectador a entender o enorme número de estrelas que a ciência moderna revelou por meio de instrumentos como o telescópio Hubble. Eis que ele indica o número de estrelas no universo conhecido é maior do que número English: So now I want you to look at this little picture on the screen, this was a 10-day long exposure, the Hubble telescope pointed at the darkest patch in the sky they could find and did a 10-day long exposure to zone in on this specific spot and look at what they found, just numerous galaxies, in just that little spot, phenomenal. What, 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy? And how many galaxies are in the universe? The estimates are pretty wide between 100 billion to two trillion, that's the range. And even some scientists are even talking about multiverse stacking of universe is possibly, or even galaxies within black holes, phenomenal things being talked about. Now, in his television series Cosmos, a scientist who is not a believer in God, Carl Sagan, tries to help the viewer understand the enormous number of stars that modern science has revealed through instruments like the Hubble telescope. Lo and behold, he states the number of stars in the known universe is greater the number Spanish: Quiero que mires esta pequeña foto en la pantalla, esta fue una exposición de 10 días de duración, el telescopio Hubble apuntó a la zona más oscura del cielo e hicieron una exposición de 10 días de duración a la zona en este punto específico y mira lo que encontraron, numerosas galaxias en ese pequeño lugar, fenomenal. ¿200 mil millones de estrellas en la Vía Láctea? ¿Y cuántas galaxias hay en el universo? Las estimaciones son bastante amplias de 100 mil millones a dos billones, ese es el rango. E incluso algunos científicos dicen que el apilamiento de múltiples universos es posible, o incluso galaxias dentro de agujeros negros, cosas fenomenales de las que se habla. En su serie de televisión Cosmos, un científico que no cree en Dios, Carl Sagan, trata de ayudar al espectador a entender el enorme número de estrellas que la ciencia moderna ha revelado a través de instrumentos como el telescopio Hubble. He acá que establece el número de estrellas en el universo conocido es mayor que el número Portuguese: de grãos de areia em todas as praias do planeta Terra, Dr. Lamb no ensino quando realmente nos mostrou a matemática por trás disso, e é real, realmente é verdade. É muito surpreendente pensar que Joseph Smith compreendeu o escopo do universo no início de 1800, muito antes que a ciência o tivesse revelado. Pouco antes de seu tempo, os cientistas como Canton Herschel, na Europa, e Benjamin Franklin, na América, tinham especulado sobre a existência de múltiplos mundos. Mas Joseph, quando aprofundou suas obras no Apocalipse, ele fez afirmações sobre o número de estrelas e planetas que eram estranhos e sem fundamento em sua época, e que o levou a um possível ridículo. Ele até afirmou que havia incontáveis planetas habitados, uma premissa absurda para a ciência de sua época, mas que agora é considerada uma possibilidade séria por cientistas respeitados. Na verdade, até apenas uma década atrás, não podíamos nem responder a essa pergunta. Novas tecnologias tornaram possível procurar planetas em torno de outras estrelas. E adivinhe, existem planetas ao redor de quase todas elas, com vários milhares de planetas descobertos até a data desta escrita no seu livro, em 2018. English: of grains of sand in all the beaches of the planet Earth, Dr. Lamb in education when he actually showed us the math behind this and it's it's real, really it's true. It is rather astonishing to think that Joseph Smith understood the scope of the universe in the early 1800s well before science had revealed it. Just before his time, scientists like Canton Herschel in Europe and Benjamin Franklin in America have been speculating about the existence of multiple worlds. But Joseph when further in his works in Revelation, he made claims about the number of stars and planets that were outlandish and unsubstantiated in his day, and which held him up for possible ridicule. He even claimed that there were countless inhabited planets as out an outrageous proposition for the science of his day, but one which is now considered a serious possibility by respected scientists. In fact, until just a decade ago, we couldn't even answer this question. New technologies have made it possible to look for planets around other stars. And guess what, there are planets around nearly all of them with several thousand planets discovered by the date of this writing in his book in 2018. Spanish: de granos de arena en todas las playas del planeta Tierra, Dr. Lamb en educación cuando nos mostró las matemáticas detrás de esto y es que es real, realmente es verdad. Es bastante sorprendente pensar que Joseph Smith comprendió el alcance del universo a principios de 1800 mucho antes de que la ciencia lo revelara. Justo antes de su tiempo, científicos como Canton Herschel en Europa y Benjamín Franklin en Estados Unidos han especulando sobre la existencia de múltiples mundos. Pero Joseph fue más allá cuando en sus obras en Revelaciones, hizo afirmaciones sobre el número de estrellas y planetas que eran extravagantes y sin fundamento en su época, y que lo puso en riesgo de un posible ridículo. Incluso afirmó que había incontables planetas habitados, una proposición escandalosa para la ciencia de su época, pero que ahora se considera una posibilidad seria por científicos respetados. De hecho, hasta hace solo una década, ni siquiera pudimos responder a esta pregunta. Las nuevas tecnologías han hecho posible buscar planetas alrededor de otras estrellas, y sabes qué, hay planetas alrededor de casi todas ellas con varios miles de planetas descubiertos para la fecha de este escrito en su libro en 2018. English: And in you wanna search further? What if we were to limit our research only to planets that orbit their stars in just the right place that they might have liquid water and therefore life? Researchers now estimate the billions of stars in our own galaxy have not just any planets but planets in the so called habitable zone, capable of supporting life. Okay, let's look at Doctrine and Covenants section 88. Okay, about kingdoms and space. All kingdoms have a law given, and there are many kingdoms for there's no space in which there is no kingdom. There's no kingdom in which there is no space, either a greater or lesser kingdom and under every kingdom is given a law and under every law there are certain bounds also and conditions. Behold all these kingdoms and any man who has seen any of the least of these, have seen God moving in His Majesty and power. No Kingdom in which there is no space. So in Joseph's day, this passage might have sound rather grand, it probably didn't make sense to anyone, especially the scientific community. They thought that especially when you look at out in space and see all these different objects that there was this massless foggy material called the luminiferous aether. Portuguese: E você quer pesquisar mais a fundo? E se limitássemos nossa pesquisa apenas aos planetas que orbitam suas estrelas, no lugar certo, que talvez tenham água líquida e, portanto, vida? Os pesquisadores agora estimam os bilhões de estrelas em nossa própria galáxia não têm apenas planetas, mas planetas na chamada zona habitável, capaz de sustentar a vida. Ok, vamos ver a seção 88 de Doutrina e Convênios. Ok, sobre Reinos e Espaço. Todos os Reinos têm uma lei dada, e há muitos Reinos pois não há espaço em que não haja reino; e não há reino em que não haja espaço, espaço, seja um reino maior ou um reino menor. E a todo reino é dada uma lei; e toda lei tem certos limites também e condições. Eis que todos estes são reinos; e qualquer homem que tiver visto um deles, ou o menor deles, viu Deus movendo-se em sua majestade e poder. Não existe reino onde não existe espaço. Então, nos dias de Joseph, esta passagem pode soar bastante grandiosa, provavelmente não fazia sentido para ninguém, especialmente a comunidade científica. Eles achavam que quando você olha para o espaço e vê todos esses objetos diferentes que tinham este material nebuloso sem massa chamado de éter luminífero. Spanish: ¿Y en que quieres buscar más? ¿Y si limitáramos nuestra investigación solo a los planetas que orbitan sus estrellas en el lugar correcto que podrían tener agua y por lo tanto vida? Los investigadores estiman que los miles de millones de estrellas en nuestra propia galaxia no tienen cualquier planeta sino planetas en la llamada zona habitable, capaces de soportar vida. Bien, veamos la sección 88 de Doctrina y Convenios, sobre los reinos y el espacio. A todos los reinos se ha dado una ley y hay muchos a reinos pues no hay espacio en el cual no haya reino, ni hay reino en el cual no haya espacio, ya sea un reino mayor o menor y a cada reino se da una ley y para cada ley hay ciertos límites y condiciones. Contemplad todos estos reinos y el hombre que haya visto alguno o al menor de ellos, han visto a Dios obrando en su majestad y poder. Ningún reino en el que no haya espacio. En los días de Joseph, este pasaje podría haber sonado más bien grandioso, probablemente no tenía sentido para nadie, especialmente la comunidad científica. Pensaron que especialmente cuando miras al espacio y ves todos estos diferentes objetos que había este material de niebla sin masa llamado éter luminiscente. Spanish: "Allí la naturaleza derrama un vacío", dijo Aristóteles. Y también pensaron que se necesitaba existir para que la luz pase, para viajar a través de una onda para abrirse camino entre objetos en el espacio. Además, el átomo que vieron se llenó por completo, estaban empezando a conocer el átomo pero no hay ningún vacío dentro de un átomo, lo que también molestaría a Aristóteles. Es fascinante ver que nuestra ciencia se pone al día con este concepto ahora. En primer lugar, el espacio está en todas partes ahí fuera. Cuando miramos ahí fuera, está muy vacío. De hecho, la estrella más cercana a nuestro sol, que es Alfa Centauri está a cuatro años luz de distancia, un año luz, 9,5 billones de kilómetros. ¿Cuán rápido, cuánto tiempo viaja la luz en un año? Piensa en eso. A más de 38 billones de kilómetros. Y entonces, si lo miras, English: "There nature pours a vacuum," Aristotle famously said. And also they thought that there needed to exist for light to pass, to travel through a wave to make its way between objects in space. Also, the atom they saw as just basically filled completely, they were just starting to learn about the atom but the there is no void within an atom, which would upset Aristotle as well. So it's fascinating to see our science catching up with this concept now. So first of all, space is everywhere out there. When we look out there, it's very empty. In fact, the closest star to our sun, which is Alpha Centauri is four light years away, one light year, six trillion miles. So how fast, how long light travels in a year? So think about that. 24 trillion miles plus away. And then so if you look at it, Portuguese: "natureza tem horror ao vácuo" frase famosa de Aristóteles. E também pensavam que era necessário existir para a luz passar, viajar através de uma onda para abrir caminho entre objetos no espaço. E, o átomo que eles viram como totalmente preenchido, eles estavam apenas começando a aprender sobre o átomo mas não há vácuo dentro de um átomo, o que perturbaria Aristóteles também. Portanto, é fascinante ver nossa ciência se atualizando com este conceito agora. Em primeiro lugar, o espaço está em todo lugar. Quando olhamos para fora, está muito vazio. Na verdade, a estrela mais próxima do nosso sol, que é Alpha Centauri está a quatro anos-luz de distância, um ano-luz, seis trilhões de milhas. Então, quão rápido, quanto tempo a luz viaja em um ano? Então pense sobre isso. 24 trilhões de milhas ou mais de distância. E então, se você olhar para isso, English: the universe is 99.99999% empty space. Our galaxy's about 100,000 light years across. Think about that, one light year, six trillion miles, the nearest galaxy to us, I love to look at this in my telescope, the Andromeda Galaxy, two and a half million light years away. That's the nearest galaxy to us. What about the atom? Empty, empty space. There's the nucleus in the middle. But it's about one 100,000th of the atom, it's fascinating. So fluff, empty space, fascinating. They are now we know that so 99.9999%, volume of the atom is empty space. As Dr. Lamb kept putting, "Aristotle loses again." So he here's what Dr. Lamp said, "In a nutshell, even the tiny percentage "of the universe occupied by manner itself "was almost completely empty space. "It turns out the universe we know "is composed mostly of nothing. "And that's something no one imagined in Joseph Smith's day. "In his day, they claimed that there is no Kingdom "in which there is no space, seem to make no sense." Today, it surely does. Spanish: el universo es un 99,99999 % de espacio vacío. Nuestra galaxia tiene unos 100 000 años luz de diámetro. Piensa en eso, un año luz, 9,5 billones de kilómetros, la galaxia más cercana a nosotros, me encanta mirar esto en mi telescopio, la galaxia de Andrómeda, a dos millones y medio de años luz de distancia. Esa es la galaxia más cercana a nosotros. ¿Qué hay del átomo? Espacio vacío, vacío. Ahí está el núcleo en el medio. Pero es una 100 000 parte del átomo, es fascinante. Vacío, espacio vacío, fascinante. Ahora sabemos que 99,9999 %, el volumen del átomo es un espacio vacío. Como el Dr. Lamb decía, "Aristóteles pierde de nuevo". Esto es lo que dijo el Dr. Lamp, "En resumen, incluso el pequeño porcentaje "del universo ocupado por la manera en sí misma "era casi completamente espacio vacío. "Resulta que el universo que conocemos "está compuesto en su mayoría de nada. "Algo que nadie imaginó en los días de Joseph Smith. "En su día, afirmaron que no hay ningún Reino "en el que no hay espacio, parece no tener sentido". Hoy en día, seguramente lo tiene. Portuguese: o universo é 99,99999% de espaço vazio. Nossa galáxia tem cerca de 100.000 anos-luz de diâmetro. Pense nisso, um ano-luz, seis trilhões de milhas, a galáxia mais próxima de nós, amo olhar para isso no meu telescópio, a Galáxia de Andrômeda, dois milhões e meio de anos-luz de distância. Essa é a galáxia mais próxima de nós. E quanto ao átomo? Espaço vazio, vazio. Existe o núcleo no meio. Mas é cerca de um centésimo do átomo, é fascinante. Tão fluff, espaço vazio, fascinante. Eles são agora, nós sabemos que 99,9999%, volume do átomo é um espaço vazio. Como o Dr. Lamb dizia, "Aristóteles perde de novo." Então ele, aqui está o que o Dr. Lamb disse, "Em suma, mesmo a pequena porcentagem "do universo ocupado pela própria maneira "era um espaço quase completamente vazio. "Acontece que o universo que conhecemos "é composto principalmente de nada. "Isso é algo que ninguém imaginava nos dias de Joseph Smith. "Em sua época, eles afirmavam que não há reino "em que não haja espaço, parece não fazer sentido." Hoje, com certeza faz. English: Now, no space in which there isn't Kingdom. Dr. Lamb said, "As a scientist, it seems pretty clear to me "that Joseph is using the word kingdom "in a very generic sense to refer to any physical realm "of existence, be it in outer space or inner space, "be the galaxy, a planet or an atom. "What then does he mean when he states "that there is no space in which there is no kingdom? "Joseph taught that there are many things in the universe, "beyond what we can perceive with our natural senses. "One of these is the so called Spirit of God, "he speaks of this spirit or light as a substance "that proceeds forth from the presence of God "to fill the immensity of space. "There is a certainty plenty of room for it. "There's certainly plenty of room for it "between the atoms and the stars. "What does science now teach us about the space "within atoms in the galaxies? "Lots. "Much of it's speculative at this point. "First, just in the last few decades, "scientists have postulated that huge amounts of dark matter "and dark energy must exist." Now dark matter, what is it? We don't know. That's why we call it dark matter, but we know that it's there from science perspective. There's enough mass in the stars, planets, gas and dust Spanish: Ningún espacio en el que no hay un Reino. El Dr. Lamb dijo, "Como científico, me parece bastante claro "que Joseph usa la palabra reino "en un sentido muy genérico para referirse "a cualquier reino físico de la existencia, "ya sea en el espacio exterior o interior, "ya sea galaxia, planeta o átomo. "¿Qué quiere decir entonces cuando afirma "que no hay espacio en el que no haya un reino? "Joseph enseñó que hay muchas cosas en el universo, "más allá de lo que podemos percibir "con nuestros sentidos naturales. "Uno de ellos es el llamado Espíritu de Dios, "habla de este espíritu o luz como una sustancia "que procede de la presencia de Dios "para llenar la inmensidad del espacio. "Hay una certeza de que hay mucho espacio para ello. "Ciertamente hay mucho espacio para ello "entre los átomos y las estrellas. "¿Qué nos enseña ahora la ciencia sobre el espacio "dentro de los átomos en las galaxias? "Mucho. "Mucho de ello es especulativo en este momento. "En primer lugar, solo en las últimas décadas, "los científicos han postulado "que enormes cantidades de materia oscura "y energía oscura debe existir". La materia oscura, ¿qué es? No lo sabemos, por eso la llamamos materia oscura, pero sabemos que está ahí desde la perspectiva de la ciencia. Hay suficiente masa en las estrellas, planetas, gas y polvo Portuguese: Agora, não há espaço em que não haja Reino. Dr. Lamb disse: "Como cientista, parece muito claro para mim "que Joseph está usando a palavra reino "num sentido genérico para se referir a qualquer domínio "físico da existência, seja no espaço exterior ou interior, "seja a galáxia, um planeta ou um átomo. "O que então ele quer dizer quando afirma "que não há espaço em que não haja reino? "Joseph ensinou que existem muitas coisas no universo, "além do que podemos perceber com nossos sentidos naturais. "Uma delas é o chamado Espírito de Deus, "ele fala deste espírito ou luz como uma substância "que procede diante da presença de Deus "para preencher a imensidão do espaço. "Há com certeza muito espaço para isso. "Certamente há muito espaço para isso "entre os átomos e as estrelas. "O que a ciência agora nos ensina sobre o espaço "dentro dos átomos nas galáxias? "Muitos. "Muito disso é especulativo neste ponto. "Primeiro, apenas nas últimas décadas, "os cientistas postularam que grandes quantidades de matéria "escura, e a energia escura tem que existir." Agora, matéria escura, o que é isso? Nós não sabemos. É por isso que chamamos de matéria escura, mas sabemos que existe da perspectiva da ciência. Há massa suficiente nas estrelas, planetas, gás e poeira Portuguese: em cada uma das galáxias para ter essencialmente a gravidade mantendo a galáxia unida. Portanto, há essa massa que deve ser composta. Então a ciência é parcial, tem muita massa extra que não podemos ver, não podemos nem detectá-la com um instrumento. Então eles a rotularam de matéria escura. Agora, energia escura. Quando você olha princialmente para o Telescópio Espacial Hubble, você vê galáxias se afastando umas das outras, a gravidade deve estar puxando-as para se juntarem. Elas estão se afastando e acelerando. Então, eles falam sobre essa energia que não podemos ver. É escuridão, energia escura que também está lá. Agora olhe para este gráfico de pizza. Se os cientistas postularam hoje, trata-se da mistura de 68,3% de energia escura, 26,8% de matéria escura e cerca de 5% de matéria comum. Dr. Lamb disse isso em seu livro, "Acontece que se os cientistas estão interpretando "as observações corretamente, "a matéria escura e a energia escura devem representar "cerca de 95% de tudo o que existe no universo. "Que decepção! "Todo esse tempo pensamos que tínhamos um grande progresso "na compreensão do mundo natural, "e descobrimos que temos olhado "apenas 5% de tudo isso. English: in each of the galaxies to essentially have the gravity hold the galaxy together. So there's this mass that must be made up. So science is a partially, there's a lot of extra mass that we can't see, we can't even detect it with an instrument. So they just labeled it dark matter. Now dark energy. When you look especially at the Hubble Space Telescope, you see galaxies moving away from each other, gravity should be pulling them together. They're moving away and they're accelerating. So they talk about this energy that we can't see. It's dark, dark energy that's there as well. Now look at this pie chart. If scientists have postulated today, this is about the mix 68.3% dark energy, 26.8% dark matter and about 5% ordinary matter. Dr. Lamb said this in his book, "It turns out that if scientists are interpreting "the observations correctly, "dark matter and dark energy must make up about 95% "of all that there is in the universe. "What a disappointment! "All this time we thought we had a huge progress "in understanding the natural world "and it turns out we have been looking "only 5% of it all along. Spanish: en cada una de las galaxias para que básicamente la gravedad mantenga la galaxia unida. Hay una masa que debe ser formada. La ciencia es una parte, hay mucha masa extra que no podemos ver, ni siquiera podemos detectarla con un instrumento y la etiquetaron como materia oscura. La energía oscura. Cuando miras especialmente al telescopio espacial Hubble, ves galaxias alejándose unas de otras, la gravedad debería estar uniéndolas. Se están alejando y están acelerando. Hablan de esta energía que no podemos ver. Es energía oscura, oscura que también está ahí. Ahora mira este gráfico circular. Si los científicos han postulado hoy, se trata de la mezcla de un 68,3 % de energía oscura, 26,8 % de materia oscura y alrededor del 5 % de materia ordinaria. El Dr. Lamb dice esto en su libro, "Si los científicos interpretan "las observaciones correctamente, "La materia oscura y la energía oscura "deben constituir alrededor del 95 % "de todo lo que hay en el universo. "¡Qué decepción! "Todo este tiempo pensamos que habíamos progresado mucho "en la comprensión del mundo natural "y resulta que hemos estado mirando "solo el 5 % de todo el tiempo. Portuguese: "O que estamos aprendendo com esses desenvolvimentos é que "só porque nossos sentidos e nossos instrumentos falham "em detectar coisas, só porque não podemos vê-las, "não significa que elas não existam. "Na verdade, a ciência acredita que elas existem "porque podemos ver seus efeitos. "Talvez devêssemos estar mais dispostos a dar "as afirmações da religião o mesmo benefício." Eu amo o que ele diz aqui, matéria escura, energia escura, presumivelmente existem espalhadas por toda a criação em concentrações variadas em vários lugares. Provavelmente ao seu redor neste exato momento, mesmo que você não possa vê-las ou senti-las, invisível para nós porque elas não interagem com a matéria normal do jeito que a matéria normal interage consigo mesmo. Elas passariam direto por você sem você nem mesmo saber. Joseph Smith ensinou que o mundo espiritual não estava em algum ponto distante do universo. Ele está bem aqui e ao nosso redor. Por muito tempo depois essa ideia foi ridicularizada, era totalmente incompatível com o conhecimento científico. Não mais, não apenas sabemos, há muito espaço para outros Reinos além do seu aqui mesmo, mas agora os próprios físicos estão falando sobre materiais anteriormente desconhecidos, residindo bem no meio do que está ao nosso redor. E agora ele é cuidadoso. Ele diz: "Não estou propondo que a matéria escura seja Spanish: "Lo que aprendemos de estos desarrollos es que, "solo porque nuestros sentidos e instrumentos fallan "para detectar cosas, solo porque no podemos verlas, "no significa que no existan. "De hecho, la ciencia tiene fe en que sí existen "porque podemos ver sus efectos. "Tal vez deberíamos estar más dispuestos a dar "el mismo beneficio a las afirmaciones de la religión". Me encanta lo que dice acá, materia oscura, energía oscura, posiblemente existen esparcidas por toda la creación en concentraciones variables en varios lugares. Probablemente a tu alrededor en este momento, aunque no puedas verlas o sentirlas, invisibles para nosotros porque no interactúan con materia normal de la misma manera que la materia normal interactúa con ella misma. Te atraviesan sin que lo sepas. Joseph Smith enseñó que el mundo espiritual no estaba en un lugar distante en el universo, está acá y a nuestro alrededor. Mucho tiempo después de que esta idea fuera ridiculizada, era completamente incompatible con el conocimiento científico. Ya no, no solo sabemos que hay mucho espacio para otros reinos además del suyo propio acá, sino que ahora los propios físicos hablan de materiales antes desconocidos, residiendo justo en medio de lo que nos rodea. Y ahora es cuidadoso. Dice: "No propongo que la materia oscura sea espíritu, English: "What we are learning from these developments is that, "just because our senses and our instruments fail "to detect things, just because we can't see them, "doesn't mean they don't exist. "In fact, science takes it on faith that they do exist "because we can see their effects. "Perhaps we should be more willing to give the claims "of religion the same benefit." I love what he says here, dark matter, dark energy, presumably exist spread throughout creation at varying concentrations in various places. Probably all around you at this very moment, even though you can't see them or feel them, invisible to us because they don't interact with normal matter the way normal matter interacts with itself. They would pass right through you without you even knowing. Joseph Smith taught that the spirit world was not in some distant spot in the universe. They're right here and around us. For a long time after this idea was ridiculed, was completely incompatible with scientific knowledge. No longer, not only do we know, there's plenty of space for other kingdoms besides their own right here, but now physicists themselves are talking about previously unknown materials, residing right amid what is all around us. And now he's careful. He says, "I'm not proposing the dark matter is spirit, English: "or the spirit world is made of dark matter. "What I am seeing is that whereas Joseph's religious claims "of the spirit world right here previously, "made no sense scientifically. "Now these claims are perfectly compatible with science." Okay, now each game is given a law certain bounds and conditions, what's fascinating, I'll let you... You can look at this slide. But basically what they're saying, is there all these laws that science has figured out, but there's a big disconnect between large objects and small objects, it's really interesting, and it shouldn't be that way, but it is. And so every Kingdom has laws. And there are certain bounds and conditions just like the verse says, facile, "We now understand this." And he says at the end of this insight, expressing Scripture at a time when none of the science was understood or even imagined. Okay, now lastly, about those verses we were talking about, anyone who has seen the least of these kingdoms, has seen God moving in His Majesty and power. So think about this a grain of sand, the least of these Portuguese: "espírito, ou o mundo espiritual é feito de matéria escura. "O que estou vendo é que se as afirmações religiosas "de Joseph do mundo espiritual bem aqui anteriormente, "não fazia sentido cientificamente. "Agora, essas afirmações são perfeitamente compatíveis com a ciência." Ok, agora para cada jogo é dado a lei certos limites e condições, o que é fascinante, Eu vou te deixar... Você pode olhar para este slide. Mas basicamente o que eles estão dizendo, existem todas essas leis que a ciência descobriu, mas há uma grande desconexão entre objetos grandes e objetos pequenos, é muito interessante, e não deveria ser assim, mas é. E assim, todo Reino tem leis. E existem certos limites e condições assim como o versículo diz, simples, "Agora entendemos isso." E ele diz no final deste insight, expressando as Escrituras num tempo que nenhuma das ciências as havia compreendido ou mesmo imaginado. Ok, por último, sobre aqueles versos que estávamos falando, qualquer um que viu o menor desses Reinos, viu Deus movendo-se em sua majestade e poder. Então pense nisso como um grão de areia, o menor desses Spanish: "o el mundo de los espíritus está hecho de materia oscura. "Lo que veo es que mientras "que las afirmaciones religiosas de Joseph "del mundo de los espíritus acá mismo anteriormente "no tiene sentido científicamente, "ahora estas afirmaciones son perfectamente compatibles "con la ciencia". Bien, a cada juego se le da una ley con ciertos límites y las condiciones, lo que es fascinante, Te dejaré... puedes ver esta diapositiva, básicamente lo que dice, hay todas estas leyes que la ciencia ha descubierto, pero hay una gran desconexión entre los grandes objetos y objetos pequeños, es realmente interesante, y no debería ser así, pero lo es. Cada reino tiene leyes. Y hay ciertos límites y condiciones como dice el verso, simple, "Ahora entendemos esto". Y dice al final de esta idea, expresando la Escritura en un momento en que ninguna de las ciencias fue comprendida o incluso imaginada. Por último, sobre esos versos de los que hablábamos, cualquiera que haya visto el menor de estos reinos, ha visto a Dios obrando en su majestad y poder. Piensa en esto como un grano de arena, el menor de estos Spanish: tiene más átomos que las estrellas del universo, no la galaxia, el universo, fenomenal. Ahora piensa en nuestros cuerpos. De hecho, esto es lo que dijo el Dr. Lamb, "Como corresponde a un hijo de Dios, "tu cuerpo es el sistema más complejo "en el mundo, el universo, en todo el universo. "Cuanto más aprendemos sobre las células que te componen, "y los procesos bioquímicos que te hacen funcionar, "más inspirador te vuelves. "Cada célula de tu cuerpo es un pequeño y asombroso mundo "por sí mismo, con puertas y muros, "con sofisticadas fábricas químicas, "con el gobierno central "y un complejo sistema de comunicación". Bien, luz, luz de Sagara, hay un par de grandes escrituras sobre la luz. Hay 156 veces en las que se habla de la luz en las obras estándar, 195 de ellas están en las Escrituras de los Santos de los Últimos Días. La Escritura moderna en Revelación aclara la naturaleza de la luz más de lo que podemos aprender de la Biblia. Un versículo destacado en los pactos de doctrina, la Palabra del Señor es la verdad y todo lo que es verdad es luz, y todo lo que es luz, es espíritu, incluso el Espíritu de Jesucristo. Sección 88:67, Y si tu mirada está solo para mi gloria todo tu cuerpo debería estar lleno de luz English: has more atoms than there are stars in the universe, not the galaxy, the universe, phenomenal. Now think about our bodies. In fact, here's what Dr. Lamb said, "Befitting a child of God, "your body is the most complex system "in the world, universe, in the whole universe. "The more we learn about the cells that make you up, "and the biochemical processes that make you function, "the more how inspiring you become. "Every cell in your body is an amazing little world "of its own, with gates and walls, "with sophisticated chemical factories, "with the central government "and a complex communication system." Okay, light, Sagara light, so there's a couple of great Scriptures on light. Now there's 156 times where light is talked about in the standard works, 195 of these are in Latter Day Saints Scripture. Modern Scripture in Revelation clarify the nature of light significantly over what we can learn from the Bible. One particular salient verse in the doctrine covenants, the Word of the Lord is truth and whatsoever is truth is light, and whatsoever is light, is spirit, even Spirit of Jesus Christ. Section 88:67, And if your eye be single for my glory your whole body should be filled with light Portuguese: tem mais átomos do que estrelas no universo, não do que na galáxia, no universo, fenomenal. Agora pense em nossos corpos. Na verdade, aqui está o que o Dr. Lamb disse, "Adequado a um filho de Deus, "seu corpo é o sistema mais complexo "no mundo, no universo, em todo o universo. "Quanto mais aprendemos sobre as células que o compõem, "e os processos bioquímicos que fazem você funcionar, "mais inspirador você se torna. "Cada célula do seu corpo é um pequeno mundo incrível "próprio, com portões e paredes, "com fábricas químicas sofisticadas, "com o governo central "e um sistema de comunicação complexo." Ok luz, luz Sagara, então há algumas grandes Escrituras sobre a luz. Agora, por 156 vezes se fala de luz nas obras padrão, 195 delas estão nas Escrituras dos Santos dos Últimos Dias. As escrituras modernas em Apocalipse esclarecem a natureza da luz notavelmente sobre o que podemos aprender da Bíblia. Versículo saliente em particular nos convênios de doutrina, a palavra do Senhor é verdade e tudo o que é verdade é luz, e tudo o que é luz, é espírito, até mesmo o Espírito de Jesus Cristo. Seção 88:67, E se seus olhos estiverem fitos em minha glória todo o vosso corpo se encherá de luz English: and there shall be no darkness in you, and that body which is filled with light, comprehendeth all things. Section 131:78, There is no such thing as immaterial matter, all spirit's matter, but is more finer and pure, and can only be discerned by pure eyes, we cannot see it, but when our bodies are purified, we shall see that it is all matter. This passage defines spirit and light is one aspect of spirit to be a material substance calling it fine implies that has made up a very fine particles. The fact that is seen with pure eyes fits well with the concept of spirit is like light in its character, hence, the close relationship between the two. Okay, section 88: 6-18, talks about, He that has ended up on high as also he ascended below all things in that he comprehended all things that he might be in and through all things, the light of truth which truth shineth. Then this is the light of Christ, as also he is in the sun, and he's in the Earth all these things and he says, then if you see, "The light which shineth which giveth you light "is through Him who enlightened with your eyes, "which is the same light that quickneth your understandings Spanish: y no habrá tinieblas en ti, y ese cuerpo que está lleno de luz, comprende todas las cosas. Sección 131:78, No existe tal cosa como materia inmaterial, todo espíritu es materia, pero es más refinado y puro, solo los ojos más puros pueden discernirlo, no lo podemos ver, pero cuando nuestros cuerpos sean purificados, veremos que todo es materia. Este pasaje define el espíritu y la luz es un aspecto de espíritu para ser una sustancia material llamarlo refinado implica que ha formado unas partículas muy finas. El hecho de que se vea con ojos puros encaja bien con el concepto de espíritu es como la luz en su carácter, por lo tanto, la estrecha relación entre los dos. Bien, la sección 88: 6-18, habla sobre, El que ha terminado en lo alto como también ascendió debajo de todas las cosas en el sentido de que comprendía todas las cosas a fin de que podría estar en y a través de todas las cosas, la luz de la verdad que brilla. Entonces esta es la luz de Cristo, como también está en el sol, y está en la Tierra todas estas cosas y dice, entonces si lo ves, "La luz que brilla que te alumbra "es a través de Aquel que iluminó con sus ojos, "que es la misma luz que acelera tu comprensión Portuguese: e em vós não haverá trevas; e o corpo que é cheio de luz compreende todas as coisas. Seção 131: 78, Não existe algo como matéria imaterial. Todo espírito é matéria, mas é mais refinado ou puro e só pode ser discernido por olhos mais puros; Não podemos vê-lo; mas quando nosso corpo for purificado, veremos que ele é todo matéria. Esta passagem define espírito e luz é um aspecto do espírito ser uma substância material chamando-o de refinado significa que é feito de partículas muito finas. O fato de ser visto com olhos puros se encaixa bem com o conceito de espírito ser como luz em seu caráter, daí a estreita relação entre os dois. Ok, seção 88: 6-18, fala sobre, aquele que subiu ao alto, como também desceu abaixo de todas as coisas, no sentido de que compreendeu todas as coisas, para que fosse em tudo e através de todas as coisas, a luz da verdade; verdade essa que brilha. Então esta é a luz de Cristo. Como também ele está no sol e ele está na Terra em todas essas coisas e ele diz, então se você ver, "A luz que brilha que te ilumina "é por Aquele que iluminou com os seus olhos, "que é a mesma luz que desperta seus entendimentos Spanish: "que la luz procede de la presencia de Dios "para sentir la inmensidad del espacio, "la luz que está en todas las cosas, "que nos dan cosas de estilo de vida, "que es la ley de la que todas las cosas se recogen, "incluso el poder de Dios que se sienta en su trono, "que es el seno de la eternidad, "que está en medio de todas las cosas". En resumen, la revelación moderna nos enseña que la luz es una especie de materia espiritual. Los dos términos se utilizan a menudo de forma intercambiable, que es un material compuesto de partículas finas, que siente la inmensidad del espacio, que está en todas las cosas y les da la ley y la vida, que constituye el poder mismo de Dios, emanando de él a todas sus creaciones. Hay tres cosas sobre la luz de las que hablar rápidamente. Partícula u onda. Los subrayaré ahí para que puedas leer si quieres. El modelo de ondas era considerado el ganador en los días de Joseph, con la comprensión de la mecánica cuántica y cosas solo se pueden descomponer hasta ahora, llamado cuantificar. Eso se aplicó a la luz y lo llamaron fotones, estas partículas y así se determinó que la luz era una partícula, tal como dijo Joseph. Portuguese: "a luz que procede diante da presença de Deus "para sentir a imensidão do espaço, "a luz que está em todas as coisas, "que nos dá coisas de estilo de vida, "que é a lei da qual todas as coisas são reunidas, "até mesmo o poder de Deus que está assentado em seu trono, "que é o seio da eternidade, "que está no meio de todas as coisas." Então, em resumo, a revelação moderna nos ensina que a luz é uma espécie de matéria espiritual. Os dois termos são frequentemente usados de forma indistinta que é um material composto de partículas finas, que sente a imensidão do espaço, que está em todas as coisas e lhes dá lei e vida, que constitui o próprio poder de Deus, emanando dele para todas as suas criações. Ok, há três coisas sobre a luz para falar rapidamente. Partícula ou onda. Então, eu vou colocar flashes lá em cima, você pode ler a coisa toda se você quiser. O modelo de ondas foi considerado o vencedor na época de Joseph, com a compreensão da mecânica quântica as coisas só puderam se quebrar agora chamadas de quantizar. Isso foi aplicado à luz e eles chamaram isso de fótons, essas partículas, e então a luz foi determinada com sendo uma partícula, assim como Joseph disse. English: "which light proceedeth forth from the presence of God "to feel the immensity of space, "the light which is in all things, "which give us lifestyle things, "which is the law of which all things are gathered, "even the power of God who sits upon his throne, "who is the bosom of eternity, "who is the midst of all things." So in summary, modern revelation teaches us that light is a kind of spirit matter. The two terms are often used interchangeably, that it is material composed of fine particles, that feels the immensity of space, that it is in all things and gives them law and life, that it constitutes the very power of God, emanating forth from him to all his creations. Okay, there's three things about light to talk about just quickly. Particle or wave. So I'll just flashes up on there you can read the whole thing if you want. The wave model was considered the winner in Joseph's day, with the understanding of quantum mechanics and things can only be broken down so far, called quantize. That became applied to light and they called that, photons, these particles and so light was determined to be a particle, just as Joseph said. Spanish: La ciencia actual como acordó puede considerarse una partícula y una onda por algunas observaciones, pero definitivamente en particular en la naturaleza. Es fascinante lo que Joseph dijo sobre eso. Me encanta esto, Joseph más luz de la que el ojo puede ver. Mira el espectro en la pantalla. Lo que vemos es solo un amplio espectro del tipo de luz que existe. La mayoría de los tipos de luz son invisibles para nosotros. Es fascinante pensar también que realmente brillamos como una bombilla, si pudieras ver con luz infrarroja. Y luego míralo, resulta que todo en el universo irradia luz de alguna energía, incluso cosas que son muy frías. Es fascinante cuando piensas en las Escrituras que acabamos de leer. Bien, esta es mi favorita. Esto es absolutamente fascinante. Y no voy a entrar en la química acá. El Dr. Lamb lo hizo en su clase con mucho énfasis en el electromagnetismo y todos estos descubrimientos se encuentran para entender el funcionamiento del átomo, Portuguese: Agora nós também, a ciência hoje concorda que pode ser considerada partícula e onda por algumas observações, mas definitivamente particularmente na natureza. É tão fascinante o que Joseph disse sobre isso. E, eu amo isso, Joseph mais luz do que os olhos podem ver. Veja este espectro na tela aqui. Então, o que vemos é apenas um amplo espectro do tipo de luz que existe. A maioria dos tipos de luz são invisíveis para nós. É fascinante também pensar que realmente brilhamos como uma lâmpada, se você pudesse ver com luz infravermelha. E então olhe para isso, Acontece que tudo no universo irradia luz de alguma energia, mesmo coisas que são muito frias. Fascinante quando você pensa sobre as Escrituras que acabamos de ler. Ok, agora, este é o meu favorito. Isso é absolutamente fascinante. E não vou entrar na química aqui. Dr. Lamb fez muito isso em sua aula sobre electromagnetismo e todas essas descobertas são encontradas para entender o funcionamento do átomo aqui, English: Now we also, science today as agreed it can be considered a particle and a wave by some observations, but definitely particularly in nature. So kind of fascinating there what Joseph said about that. Now, I love this, Joseph more light than the eye can see. Look at this spectrum on the screen here. So what we see is only a broad spectrum of the kind of light that exists. Most kinds of light are invisible to us. It's fascinating to think too that we actually glow like a light bulb, if you could see with infrared light. And then look at it, it turns out that everything in the universe radiates light of some energy, even things that are very cold. Fascinating when you think about the Scriptures we just read. Okay, now, this is my favorite one. This is absolutely fascinating. And I won't go into the chemistry here. Dr. Lamb did it in his class heavily about electromagnetism and all these discoveries are they found to understand the working of the atom here, Portuguese: mas a parte principal disso foi a descoberta, olhe para a última vez, ainda no século 20, chegamos a entender que a luz na forma de fótons é o portador dessa força. É o meio pelo qual as partículas trocam informações uma com a outra, para que possam interagir umas com as outras como fazem. A luz é o que realmente nos torna capazes de entender as coisas, fenomenal. Então, pense naquele versículo, D&C 88, E a luz que brilha, que vos ilumina, vem por meio daquele que ilumina vossos olhos; e é a mesma luz que vivifica vosso entendimento; O Dr. Lamb diz: "Provavelmente li este versículo "muitas vezes antes de finalmente me atingir "que esta afirmação aparentemente obscura e estranha "fazia todo o sentido do ponto de vista científico moderno. "Diz que a mesma luz que vemos com nossos olhos "também funciona em nossos cérebros, "para nos permitir pensar e compreender, isso é verdade? "Sim, pelos princípios da ciência moderna, "mas não fazia muito sentido "durante a vida de Joseph Smith". Então, no livro, ele fala sobre como o processo de ver uma flor e como tudo funciona com essa química English: but the key part of this was the discovery, look at the last time, further in the 20th century, we came to understand that light in the form of photons is the carrier of this force. It is the means by which particles exchange information with each other, so that they can interact with each other the way they do. Light is what actually makes us to be able to understand things, phenomenal. So think back on that verse, D&C 88, and the light which shineth which giveth you light is to him who enlighten with your eyes, which is the same light that quickeneth your understandings. Dr. Lamb says, "I probably read this verse many times "before it finally struck me "that this seemingly obscure and rather odd statement "made perfect sense from a modern scientific point of view. "It says that the same light which we see with our eyes "also works in our brains, "to allow us to think and to understand, is that true? "Yes, by the principles of modern science, "but it didn't make a whole lot of sense "in Joseph Smith's lifetime." So and then in the book, he talks about how just the process of seeing a flower and how it all works with this chemistry Spanish: pero la parte clave de esto fue el descubrimiento, mira la última vez, más allá del siglo XX, llegamos a entender que la luz en forma de fotones es el portador de esta fuerza. Es el medio por el cual las partículas intercambian información entre sí para que puedan interactuar entre sí de la manera en que lo hacen. La luz es lo que realmente nos hace capaces de entender las cosas, fenomenal. Piensa en ese verso, D y C 88, y la luz que brilla que te da luz es a aquella que ilumina con tus ojos, que es la misma luz que acelera tu comprensión. El Dr. Lamb dice: "Probablemente he leído este verso muchas veces "antes de que finalmente me impactara "que esta aparentemente oscura "y bastante extraña declaración tenía perfecto sentido "desde un punto de vista científico moderno. "Dice que la misma luz que vemos con nuestros ojos "también funciona en nuestros cerebros, "para permitirnos pensar y comprender, ¿es eso cierto? "Sí, según los principios de la ciencia moderna, "pero no tenía mucho sentido en la vida de Joseph Smith". Luego en el libro, habla de cómo el proceso de ver una flor y cómo funciona todo con esta química Portuguese: nos fótons de luz carregando-a para o seu cérebro e compreensão. Em seguida, ele diz: "Todas as etapas do processo "da origem da luz na flor "para o processamento final em seu cérebro "para reconhecê-la como uma flor, "envolvem o mesmo electromagnetismo de princípio natural, "a química de emitir e absorver luz, "a transmissão dessa luz através do espaço "e a transmissão de sinais elétricos "para as células nervosas e cerebrais são todos "processos eletromagnéticos trabalhando num princípio comum. "Se você olhar para trás naquele versículo na Seção 88, "você notará que este conteúdo é perfeitamente consistente "com o que é ensinado lá. "A luz que vemos com os nossos olhos é a mesma "que a que anima nossos cérebros e nos permite pensar. "Joseph não sabia dessas coisas na época, ninguém sabia. "porque princípio do electromagnetismo "que governam o comportamento dos fótons, elétrons, "átomos e íons que ainda não foram descobertos." Ok, vamos falar sobre o Deus da natureza. Então, muita coisa divertida aqui. Portanto, há dois princípios específicos encontrados na teologia cristã tradicional. Importante para nossa discussão aqui a respeito disso. Número um, Deus é encontrado fora da natureza. English: in the photons of light carrying it to your brain and understanding. Then he says, "All the steps in the process "from the origination of the light in the flower "to the final processing in your brain "to recognize it as a flower, "involve the same natural principle electromagnetism, "the chemistry of emitting and absorbing light, "the transmission of that light through space "and the transmission of electrical signals "to nerve and brain cells are all electromagnetic processes "working on a common principle. "If you look back at that verse in Section 88, "you will notice that this content is perfectly consistent "with what is taught there. "The light we see with our eyes is the same "as that which enlivens our brains and allows us to think. "Joseph didn't know these things at the time, no one did. "'cause principle of electromagnetism "that govern the behavior of photons, electrons, "atoms and ions hasn't yet been discovered." Okay, let's talk about the God of nature. So lots of fun stuff here. So there's two particular principles found in traditional Christian theology. Important for our discussion here concerning this. Number one, God is found outside of nature. Spanish: en los fotones de luz que la transportan a tu cerebro y a tu comprensión. Luego dice: "Todos los pasos del proceso "desde el origen de la luz en la flor "hasta el procesamiento final en tu cerebro "para reconocerla como una flor, "implican el mismo principio natural, el electromagnetismo, "la química de la emisión y absorción de la luz, "la transmisión de esa luz a través del espacio "y la transmisión de señales eléctricas "a las células nerviosas y cerebrales "son todos procesos electromagnéticos "trabajando en un principio común. "Si miras atrás a ese verso de la Sección 88, "Notarás que este contenido es perfectamente consistente "con lo que se enseña allí. "La luz que vemos con nuestros ojos es la misma "que aquella que da vida al cerebro y nos permite pensar. "Joseph no sabía eso en ese momento, nadie las sabía. "'porque el principio de electromagnetismo "que gobierna el comportamiento de los fotones, electrones, "átomos e iones aún no habían sido descubiertos". Bien, hablemos del Dios de la naturaleza. Hay muchas cosas divertidas acá. Hay dos principios particulares encontrados en la teología cristiana tradicional. Es importante para nuestra discusión en relación con esto. Número uno, Dios se encuentra fuera de la naturaleza. Portuguese: Ele existe acima dela independente dela. Ele cria uma lei natural, mas pode infringi-la em qualquer ponto que desejar. E número dois, Deus é totalmente desconhecido. Ele está além da capacidade de compreensão da mente humana. Agora veja o que sublinhei aqui. Nos dias de Joseph Smith em quase todas as denominações de Cristandade pensava assim. Revolucionária, as revelações de Joseph estavam concernentes à natureza de Deus. Teologia de Joseph sobre a natureza de Deus traz de volta ao universo natural e o faz um participante em vez de estar separado da natureza. Eles também falam sobre o chamado Deus nas lacunas. A ciência revela mais sobre o verdadeiro funcionamento da natureza, há cada vez menos necessidade de Deus explicar as partes da natureza que não entendemos. À medida que as lacunas diminuem, também diminui a necessidade de Deus. A igreja restaurada não reconhece tais lacunas. O Pai que adoramos não é sobre a natureza, mas aquele com a natureza, e cada lei natural que ele revela para nós através da ciência como simplesmente mais um passo para entendê-lo e entender seus caminhos. E olhe na próxima página aqui, apenas o destacado. Teologia Cristã, o Deus que existe acima da natureza pode ser visto intervindo no curso natural das coisas. Um evento sobrenatural ocorreu, um milagre Spanish: Él existe por encima de ella independientemente de ella. Él crea una ley natural, pero puede infringirla en cualquier momento que desee. Y número dos, Dios es completamente desconocido. Está más allá de la capacidad de la mente humana entenderlo. Ahora mira lo que he subrayado acá. La época de José Smith pensaba así en casi todas las denominaciones del cristianismo. Revolucionario, las revelaciones de Joseph se referían a la naturaleza de Dios. La teología de Joseph sobre la naturaleza de Dios lo devuelve al universo natural y lo convierte en un participante en la naturaleza en lugar de alejarlo. También hablan del llamado Dios en los vacíos. La ciencia revela más del verdadero funcionamiento de la naturaleza, cada vez hay menos necesidad de que Dios explique las partes de la naturaleza que no entendemos. A medida que los vacíos disminuyen, también lo hace la necesidad de Dios. La iglesia restaurada no reconoce tales vacíos. El Padre que adoramos no se trata de la naturaleza, sino uno con la naturaleza y todas las leyes naturales que revela a nosotros a través de la ciencia como simplemente otro paso para entenderlo a él y a sus costumbres. Y mira en la siguiente página, solo lo subrayado. La teología cristiana, el Dios que existe por encima de la naturaleza puede verse que interviene en el curso natural de las cosas. Ha ocurrido un evento sobrenatural, un milagro English: He exists above it independent of it. He creates a natural law, but can contravene it at any point he wishes. And number two, God is utterly unknowable. He is beyond the capability of the human mind to understand. Now look what I've underlined here. Joseph Smith's day in almost every denomination of Christiandom thought like this. Revolutionary, Joseph's revelations were concerning the nature of God. Joseph's theology concerning the nature of God brings him back into the natural universe and makes him a participant in rather than apart from nature. They also talk about the so-called God in the gaps. Science reveals more about the true workings of nature, there's less and less need for God to explain the parts of nature we don't understand. As the gaps diminish, so does the need for God. Restored church recognizes no such gaps. The Father we worship is not about nature, but one with nature and every natural law he reveals to us through science as simply another step in understanding him and his ways. And look on the next page here, just the underlying. Christian theology, the God who exists above nature may be seen to intervene into the natural course of things. A supernatural event has occurred, a miracle Spanish: porque es supernatural, la raíz significa estar por encima de la naturaleza. ¿Puedes ver cómo esta descripción del mundo frustraría a los científicos? La base misma del enfoque científico asume que la naturaleza está respaldada por leyes inmutables que se aplican en todos los lugares y tiempos. Los científicos y otros ven esto como una razón para encontrar la religión insoportable. En la teología de Joseph Smith, encontramos a Dios existiendo en la naturaleza. Cuando termina esto dice, "¿Los miembros de la Iglesia restaurada creen en los milagros o no? Sí, pero a nuestra manera. Creemos que Dios tiene el poder de hacer que sucedan cosas inusuales, pero no porque eluda la ley natural. Cuando se le preguntó cómo ocurre un milagro, la teología tradicional podría afirmar que es un misterio, lo que significa no solo que no sabemos pero también que nunca podemos saber porque no podemos investigar la mente y los actos de un Dios inescrutable. Los santos no creen en los misterios de la misma manera, cómo ocurre un milagro puede ser un misterio, pero solo en el sentido de que no se nos ha dicho cómo se realiza el milagro y qué leyes de la naturaleza se usaron para que ocurriera. Y esta diferencia en nuestra comprensión de los milagros resulta directamente de la diferente forma en que entendemos la naturaleza de Dios. Me encanta esto, compartió esto de Johnny Widstoe, Portuguese: porque é sobrenatural, a raiz significa estar acima da natureza. Você pode imaginar como esta descrição do mundo estaria frustrando os cientistas? A própria base da abordagem científica pressupõe que a natureza é sustentada por leis imutáveis que se aplicam em todos os lugares e horários. Cientistas e outros veem isso como um motivo por achar a religião insuportável. Na teologia de Joseph Smith, Deus existe na natureza. Quando ele termina, ele diz: "Os membros da Igreja restaurada acreditam em milagres ou não? Sim, mas da nossa maneira única. Acreditamos que Deus tem o poder para fazer coisas incomuns acontecerem, mas não porque ele evita a lei natural. Quando perguntado como um milagre acontece, a teologia tradicional pode alegar que, como um mistério, o que significa não apenas que não sabemos mas também que nunca podemos saber porque não podemos sondar a mente e os atos de um Deus impenetrável. Ok, os santos não acreditam nos mistérios da mesma maneira, como um milagre acontece pode ser um mistério, mas apenas no sentido de que não nos foi dito como o milagre é realizado e quais leis da natureza foram usadas para fazer isso acontecer. E esta diferença em nossa compreensão dos milagres resulta diretamente da maneira diferente como entendemos a natureza de Deus. Eu amo isso, ele compartilhou isso de Johnny Widstoe, English: because it's super-natural, the root meaning being above nature. Can you see how this description of the world would be frustrating the scientists? The very basis of the scientific approach assumes that nature is underpinned by immutable laws that apply in all places and times. Scientists and others see this as a reason for finding religion insupportable. Joseph Smith's theology, we find God existing in nature. When he finish this he says, "Do members of the restored Church believe in miracles or not? Yes, but in our own unique way. We believe that God has the power to make unusual things happen, but not because he sidesteps natural law. When asked how a miracle happens, traditional theology might claim that as a mystery, by which is meant not only that we don't know but also that we can never know because we cannot probe the mind and acts of an inscrutable God. Okay, saints don't believe in mysteries in the same way, how a miracle happens may be a mystery, but only in the sense that we have not been told how the miracle is performed and what laws of nature were used to make it happen. And this difference in our understanding of miracles results directly from the different way we understand the nature of God. I love this, he shared this from Johnny Widstoe, Spanish: en su libro, Joseph Smith como científico: En la teología mormona no hay lugar para el inmaterialismo, la ciencia conoce los fenómenos solo en la medida en que se asocian con la materia, El mormonismo hace lo mismo. Dos, en su concepción de Dios, Joseph Smith era estrictamente científico, se apartó de la noción de que Dios es un ser extraño a la naturaleza y se mantiene superior a ella. Y tres, un milagro simplemente significa un fenómeno no comprendido y está causando relaciones de efecto. Las enseñanzas de Joseph Smith de que Dios existe en la naturaleza, mientras actúa como gobernador supremo, por medio de la ley natural están en perfecta armonía con el enfoque científico del mundo. Bien, hablemos del tiempo por un minuto. Probablemente conocerás esas Escrituras familiares, D y C 130:4 y Abraham 3, hablando del tiempo. El tiempo de Dios contra el tiempo del hombre es bastante diferente. Pero me encanta esto, especialmente cuando habla de la WW Phelps citando a Joseph Smith en los tiempos de las estaciones. Joseph dice, mira el final de esto. "La cantidad de tiempo que pasa en este sistema, English: in his book, Joseph Smith is a scientist three points. In Mormon theology there is no place for immaterialism, science knows phenomena only as they are associated with matter, Mormonism does the same. Two, in his conception of God, Joseph Smith was strictly scientific, he departed from the notion that God is a being foreign to nature and holding superior to it. And three, a miracle simply means a phenomena not understood and it's causing effect relations. The teachings of Joseph Smith that God exists in nature, while acting as a supreme governor, by way of natural law are in perfect harmony with the scientific approach to the world. Okay, so let's talk about time for a minute. So here you'd probably know these familiar Scriptures, D&C 130:4 and Abraham 3, talking about time, God's time versus man's time being different by quite a bit. But I love this, especially when it talks about WW Phelps quoting Joseph Smith in the times in the seasons. Joseph says, look at the very end there. "The length of time going on in this system, Portuguese: em seu livro, Joseph Smith é um cientista de três pontos. Na teologia Mórmon não há lugar para o imaterialismo, ciência conhece fenômenos apenas como os que são associados com a matéria, O Mormonismo faz o mesmo. Dois, em sua concepção de Deus, Joseph Smith foi estritamente científico, ele partiu da noção de que Deus é um ser estrangeiro à natureza e sendo superior a ela. Três, milagre significa apenas um fenômeno não compreendido e está causando relações de efeito. Os ensinamentos de Joseph Smith de que Deus existe na natureza, enquanto atuava como governador supremo, por meio da lei natural estão em perfeita harmonia com a abordagem científica do mundo. Ok, então vamos falar sobre o tempo por um minuto. Aqui você provavelmente conhece essas familiares Escrituras, D&C 130:4 e Abraão 3, falando sobre o tempo, o tempo de Deus e o tempo do homem são um pouco diferentes. Mas eu adoro isso, especialmente quando fala sobre WW Phelps citando Joseph Smith nas épocas das estações. Joseph diz, olhe bem no final aí. "A quantidade de tempo que passa neste sistema, English: "almost 2,555 millions of years." Clearly Joseph, no problem thinking of creation, not in terms of thousands of years, but billions. Now, I'll say just that at the time, the Christian Community really believed in the literalness of the Bible, that the creation happened over seven days and the earth had been around for about 6000 years. That was the common thinking. Now geologists were starting to explore and think much longer than that, but definitely not churchmen, essentially the Christian understandings. Even today, actually, for many will still take that approach. So if you look at that Joseph, he kept the word day in his retranslation of Genesis found the Book of Moses, but in the parallel account in Abraham, he found the word time to be more appropriate than day. On there and is the critical nature was that just the process, orderly step and that can be what however length of time needed to be put in a little process. Portuguese: "quase 2.555 milhões de anos." Claramente Joseph, nenhum problema em pensar na criação, não em termos de milhares de anos, mas bilhões. Agora, direi exatamente isso no tempo, a comunidade cristã realmente acreditou na literalidade da Bíblia, que a criação aconteceu em sete dias e a Terra já existia há cerca de 6.000 anos. Esse era o pensamento comum. Mas os geólogos estavam começando a explorar e pensar muito além disso, mas definitivamente não os religiosos, essencialmente o entendimento cristão. Ainda hoje, na verdade, muitos ainda têm essa abordagem. Então, se você olhar para Joseph, ele manteve a palavra dia em sua retradução de Gênesis encontrou o Livro de Moisés, mas no relato paralelo em Abraão, descobriu que a palavra tempo era mais apropriada que dia. E aí está a natureza crítica, foi apenas o processo, etapa ordenada e isso pode ser o tempo necessário que for preciso colocar num pequeno processo. Spanish: "casi 2555 millones de años". Joseph, no tiene problema en pensar en la creación, no en términos de miles de años, sino de miles de millones. En ese momento, la comunidad cristiana creía en la literalidad de la Biblia, que la creación ocurrió durante siete días y la tierra había estado alrededor de 6000 años. Ese era el pensamiento común. Los geólogos empezaban a explorar y a pensar mucho más tiempo que eso, pero definitivamente no los hombres de la iglesia, esencialmente el entendimiento cristiano. Incluso hoy en día, en realidad, para muchos seguirá teniendo ese enfoque. Si miran a ese Joseph, él mantuvo la palabra "día en su retraducción del Génesis encontró el libro de Moisés, pero en el relato paralelo en Abraham, encontró que la palabra "tiempo" era más apropiada que "día". Ahí está y es la naturaleza crítica fue que solo el proceso, paso ordenado y eso puede ser lo que, sin embargo, el tiempo necesario para poner en un pequeño proceso. Portuguese: Existe outro aspecto interessante do tempo. Aprendemos muito depois da morte de Joseph e abre insights sobre a natureza do próprio tempo. Este aspecto do tempo recém-descoberto influencia como o tempo aparece para diferentes observadores em nosso universo. Não é tão simples quanto as diferenças entre órbitas planetárias, ou as velocidades de revolução planetária. Em vez disso, trata das diferenças na maneira como o tempo parece progredir de um observador para o outro. Você deve se lembrar da chamada a Teoria da Relatividade de Einstein, a velocidade na qual o tempo passa é relativa ao observador que o mede. E é fascinante considerar isso e a ciência que ele dá, Dr. Lamb dá exemplos disso, ele diz, "é evidente que a ciência e a Teologia de Joseph Smith "falam do tempo como relativo em certos sentidos. "E neste ponto, ambos os lados podem certamente concordar. "Nos dias de Joseph, muito se sabia sobre a diferença "no tempo entre os planetas ser relacionada às suas órbitas "e velocidades de rotação. "Mas os conceitos mais avançados "relacionados ao tempo geológico "e as ideias de Einstein ainda não haviam sido descobertas. "Existem relativamente poucas referências ao tempo "nos sermões de Joseph, e nas Escrituras reveladas "são certamente voltadas para o futuro e compatíveis Spanish: Hay otro aspecto interesante del tiempo. Aprendimos después de la muerte de Joseph y abre la comprensión de la naturaleza del tiempo mismo. Este recién descubierto aspecto del tiempo influye en la forma en que el tiempo aparece a diferentes observadores en nuestro universo. No es tan simple como las diferencias entre las órbitas planetarias o las tasas de revolución planetaria. En su lugar, se ocupa de las diferencias en la forma en que el tiempo parece progresar de un observador a otro. Puede que recuerdes esto llamado la teoría de la relatividad de Einstein, la tasa de paso del tiempo es relativa al observador que lo mide. Es fascinante considerar eso y la ciencia que da, el Dr. Lamb da ejemplos de eso, dice, "Está claro que tanto la ciencia "como la teología de Joseph Smith "hablan del tiempo como algo relativo en ciertos sentidos. "Y en este punto, ambas partes pueden estar de acuerdo. "En los días de Joseph, se entendía mucho "sobre la diferencia de tiempo "entre planetas que se relacionada con sus órbitas "y las tasas de rotación. "Pero los conceptos más avanzados "relacionados con el tiempo geológico, "y las ideas de Einstein aún no habían sido descubiertas. "Hay relativamente pocas referencias al tiempo "en los sermones de Joseph y las Escrituras reveladas "son ciertamente previsoras y compatibles English: There is another interesting aspect of time. We learned after long after Joseph's death and opens up insights into the nature of time itself. This newly discovered aspect of time influences how time appears to different observers in our universe. It is not as simple as the differences between planetary orbits or the rates of planetary revolution. Instead, it deals with the differences in the way time appears to progress from one observer to the next. You may remember this called the Einstein's Theory of Relativity, the rate at which time passes is relative to the observer who measures it. And so it's fascinating to consider that and the science he gives, Dr. Lamb gives examples of that, he says, "It is clear, the both science and Joseph Smith's Theology "speak of time as relative in certain senses. "And on this point, both sides can certainly agree. "In Joseph's day, much was understood about the difference "in time between planets is related to their orbits "and rates of rotation. "But the more advanced concepts related to geological time, "and Einstein's ideas were yet to be discovered. "There are relatively few references to time "in Joseph's sermons and revealed Scriptures "are certainly forward-looking and compatible English: "of 21st century scientific theories about time and space." Okay Cosmos and Chaos. Now this one is a little crazy. But so 2 Nephi 2:11, "Needs to be that there's an opposition in all things," Lehigh says. If not so, my firstborn in the wilderness, righteousness could not be brought to pass, neither wickedness, neither holiness nor misery, neither good nor bad, it must need to remain instead, having no life neither death, nor corruption or incorruption happiness nor misery. So, Dr. Lamb talks about the Law of Thermodynamics, which there's two big parts of that the first law, total amount of energy is unchanged, it's constant in the universe. And then the second law and this is the important one, for this is opposition in all things, is that the law states that every event that occurs in nature, increases the amount of disorder in the universe, and gives lots of examples in the book of this there but how this also ties back to Lehigh. And what Lehigh saying on there. So I'll let you just look at the screen, Portuguese: "com teorias científicas do século 21 sobre tempo e espaço." Ok Cosmos e Caos. Agora este é um pouco louco. Então, 2 Néfi 2:11, "Pois é necessário que haja uma oposição em todas as coisas.", diz Lehigh. Se assim não fosse, meu primogênito no deserto, a justiça não poderia ser realizada, nem maldade, nem santidade ou miséria, nem bom nem mau, deve permanecer em vez disso, não tendo vida nem morte, corrupção nem incorrupção, nem felicidade nem miséria. Então, o Dr. Lamb fala sobre a Lei da Termodinâmica, em que há duas grandes partes da primeira lei, quantidade total de energia permanece inalterada, é constante no universo. E então a segunda lei e esta é a mais importante, pois é a oposição em todas as coisas, é que a lei declara que todo evento que ocorre na natureza, aumenta a quantidade de desordem no universo, e dá muitos exemplos no livro sobre isso, mas como isso também remete a Lehigh. E o que Lehigh está dizendo ali. Vou deixar você apenas olhar para a tela, Spanish: "con las teorías científicas del siglo XXI "sobre el tiempo y el espacio". Bien, Cosmos y Caos. Este es un poco loco. Pero así 2 Nefi 2:11, "Tiene que ser que hay una oposición "en todas las cosas", dice Lehigh. Si no es así, mi primogénito en el desierto, la justicia no podía ser llevada a cabo, ni la maldad, ni la santidad ni la miseria, ni bueno ni malo, debe permanecer en su lugar, no teniendo ni vida ni muerte, ni corrupción o incorruptibilidad, felicidad o miseria. El Dr. Lamb habla de la Ley de la Termodinámica, que hay dos grandes partes de esa primera ley, la cantidad total de energía no ha cambiado, es constante en el universo. Y luego la segunda ley y esta es la importante, porque esto es la oposición en todas las cosas, es que la ley establece que cada evento que ocurre en la naturaleza, aumenta la cantidad de desorden en el universo, y da muchos ejemplos en el libro de esto allí pero cómo esto también se relaciona con Lehigh. Y lo que Lehigh dice ahí. Te dejaré mirar la pantalla, Spanish: puedes hacer una pausa si quieres. Mosíah 3:19, El hombre natural es un enemigo de Dios. Fascinante, si lo consideras a este respecto. Miramos esta última página en este, claramente como participantes de la naturaleza, los seres humanos son susceptibles al funcionamiento de la segunda ley de la termodinámica como todo lo demás. Nuestro ser físico y nuestras acciones son por naturaleza más propensos a favorecer las fuerzas del caos y las del cosmos. Las fuerzas de la destrucción sobre las fuerzas de la creación. Se necesita una medida extra de poder para cumplir con los requisitos para ser un santo, el campeón del orden, y superar al hombre natural, el campeón del desorden. Ese poder viene a través del Espíritu de Dios, que cuando se infunde en la ecuación puede abrumar los poderes de la entropía, el caos que nos derriba. Y este es el mayor regalo que Cristo nos ha ofrecido, y que tiene el poder de abrumar las fuerzas de la oscuridad y la destrucción que dominan el proceso natural de la muerte, tanto física como espiritual. Tiene el poder de elevarnos más allá del alcance de la segunda ley en un plano de existencia que permite no solo la ausencia de caos en nuestras vidas, entre el eterno y el viento a favor English: you can pause it if you want. Mosiah 3:19, The natural man is an enemy to God. Fascinating, when you consider it in this respect. And so we look at this last page on this clearly as participants in nature, human beings are susceptible to the workings of the second Law of Thermodynamics as everything else. Our physical selves and actions are by nature more prone to favor the forces of chaos and those of cosmos. The forces of destruction are the forces of creation. It takes an extra measure of power to fulfill the requirements to be a Saint, the champion of order, and overcoming natural man, the champion of disorder. That power comes by way of the Spirit of God, which when infused into the equation can overwhelm the powers of entropy, chaos that pull us down. And this is the greatest gift that Christ has offered us, and that he has the power to overwhelm the forces of darkness and destruction that dominate the natural process of death, both physical and spiritual. He has the power to lift us beyond the reach of the second law into a plane of existence that allows not only for the absence of chaos in our lives, Portuguese: você pode pausar se quiser. Mosias 3:19, O homem natural é inimigo de Deus. Fascinante, quando você o considera a esse respeito. E olhamos para esta última página sobre isso, claramente como participantes da natureza, os seres humanos são suscetíveis para o funcionamento da segunda Lei da Termodinâmica, como todas as outras coisas. Nossos corpos físicos e ações são por natureza mais propensos a favorecerem as forças do caos e do cosmos. As forças de destruição são as forças da criação. É preciso uma medida extra de poder para cumprir os requisitos para ser um Santo, o campeão da ordem, e superar o homem natural, o campeão da desordem. Esse poder vem por meio do Espírito de Deus, que quando infundido na equação pode sobrepor os poderes da entropia, caos que nos puxa para baixo. E este é o maior presente que Cristo nos ofereceu, e que ele tem o poder de oprimir as forças das trevas e destruição que dominam o processo natural da morte, tanto física quanto espiritual. Ele tem o poder de nos elevar além do alcance da segunda lei em um plano de existência que permite não apenas a ausência de caos em nossas vidas, Spanish: del Cosmos o el poder creativo. La buena nueva del Evangelio adquiere una nueva y profunda visión cuando se ve a la luz de las leyes de la termodinámica. Estos principios de la termodinámica no se conocían en los tiempos de Joseph Smith. Esta ley en su interpretación, en términos de la naturaleza atómica de la materia se desarrolló en Europa, durante la última mitad del siglo XIX mucho después de la muerte de Joseph. Pero, en este sentido, la teología y la ciencia de Joseph encuentran un terreno común, sus enseñanzas son complementarias. Además, la clara expresión de la doctrina de la oposición en todas las cosas y el Libro de Mormón es un aspecto único de la visión de Joseph Smith de la teología cristiana. Es único en el sentido de que la visión de Joseph del universo abarca el cielo y los seres celestiales no divorciado de la dicotomía del Cosmos y el Caos sino operando siempre en conjunto con la lucha entre estas fuerzas primarias opuestas. El último gran concepto y te daré este asombroso resumen al final del Dr. Lamb, la oposición y el libre albedrío. Y esto es parte de Nefi 2, otra vez, la oposición y todas las cosas. Pero Lehigh continúa y dice: "Y si estas cosas no lo son, no hay Dios English: between eternal and downwind of Cosmos or creative power. Good News of the Gospel taking on a profound new insight when seen in light of the Laws of Thermodynamics. So these principles of thermodynamics were not known in Joseph Smith's day. This law in its interpretation, in terms of the atomic nature of matter was developed in Europe, during the latter half of the 19th century long after Joseph's death. Yet in this respect, Joseph theology and science find common ground, their teachings are complementary. Furthermore, the clear expression of the doctrine of opposition in all things and the Book of Mormon is one unique aspect of Joseph Smith's view of Christian theology. It is unique in the sense that Joseph's vision of the universe encompasses heaven and heavenly beings not divorced from the dichotomy of Cosmos and Chaos, but operating always in concert with the struggle between these opposing primal forces. Okay, the last big concept and I'll give you this amazing summary at the end from Dr. Lamb, opposition and free will. And this is part of that 2 Nephi, again, opposition and all things. But Lehigh goes on and he says, "And if these things are not, there is no God Portuguese: entre o eterno, a favor do vento do Cosmos ou poder criador. As Boas Novas do Evangelho ganham uma visão nova e profunda quando visto à luz das Leis da Termodinâmica. Então, esses princípios da termodinâmica não eram conhecidos na época de Joseph Smith. Esta lei em sua interpretação, em termos da natureza atômica da matéria foi desenvolvida na Europa, durante a segunda metade do século 19 muito depois da morte de Joseph. No entanto, a este respeito, a teologia e ciência de Joseph encontram um fundamento comum, seus ensinamentos se complementam. Além disso, a expressão clara da doutrina de oposição em todas as coisas, e o Livro de Mórmon é um aspecto único da visão de Joseph Smith da teologia cristã. É único no sentido de que a visão de Joseph do universo abrange o céu e os seres celestiais não divorciados da dicotomia de Cosmos e Caos, mas operando sempre em concerto com a luta entre essas forças primárias opostas. Ok, o último grande conceito, e vou te dar este incrível resumo no final do Dr. Lamb, oposição e livre arbítrio. E isso é parte de 2 Néfi, novamente, oposição e todas as coisas. Mas Lehigh continua e diz: "E se essas coisas não existem, não existe Deus Spanish: "y si no hay Dios, no somos ni la Tierra "porque no podría haber habido creación de cosas "ni para actuar ni para que se actúe sobre ellos. "Debe ser necesario que haya habido una oposición "o porque el Señor Dios le dio el hombre "que debería actuar por sí mismo, "o porque el hombre no podía actuar por sí mismo "excepto que debería ser que fue tentado "por uno u otro. "Claramente, los principios de la oposición "se aplican ampliamente entre las creaciones de Dios "y como el principio eterno "en el que se basa nuestra existencia. "Sin embargo, la perfecta bondad de un Dios "fuera de la naturaleza genera un dilema "para un principio subyacente "y la Teología Cristiana Tradicional, "que Dios creó el universo de la nada "y creó a cada hombre y mujer inicialmente "y completamente al nacer. "Así surge la pregunta, "¿cómo puede un Dios perfectamente bueno "crear intencionalmente el mal "en el mundo, en un hombre? "Esta pregunta molesta a los teólogos cristianos "durante 2000 años". Por el contrario, Joseph Smith resuelve este problema de forma clara, cito, la mente de la inteligencia que el hombre posee es coigual con Dios mismo. Joseph Smith lo aclara, coigual Joseph significa coeterno. Por lo tanto, cada persona siempre ha existido de alguna forma y así puede actuar independientemente de la voluntad de Dios. Portuguese: "E se não existe Deus, nós também não existimos nem a Terra; "pois não poderia ter havido criação "nem para agir nem para receber a ação. "Deve haver uma oposição "ou para o Senhor Deus deu-lhe o homem "que o homem agisse por si mesmo; "e o homem não poderia agir por si mesmo "a menos que fosse atraído "por um ou por outro. "Claramente, os princípios da oposição "se aplica amplamente entre as criações de Deus "e como o princípio eterno "na qual nossa própria existência se baseia. "No entanto, a bondade perfeita de um Deus fora da natureza "gera um dilema para o princípio subjacente "e a Teologia Cristã Tradicional, "que Deus criou o universo do nada "e criou cada homem e mulher inicialmente "e completamente no nascimento. "Assim surge a questão, "como pode um Deus perfeitamente bom "criar o mal intencionalmente no mundo, em um homem? "Esta pergunta incomoda os teólogos cristãos "por 2.000 anos." Por outro lado, Joseph Smith resolve esse problema de forma organizada, citação, a mente da inteligência que o homem possui é co-igual a do próprio Deus. Joseph Smith esclarece por co-igual, para Joseph significa co-eterno. Assim, cada pessoa sempre existiu de alguma forma e assim pode agir independentemente da vontade de Deus. English: "and if there is no God, we are not neither the Earth "for there could have been no creation of things "neither to act or to be acted upon. "It must need to be that there was an opposition "or for the Lord God gave him the man "that he should act for himself, "or for man could not act for himself "save it should be that he was enticed "by the one or the other. "Clearly, the principles of opposition "applies broadly among God's creations "and as the eternal principle "upon which our very existence is based. "Yet the perfect goodness of a God outside nature "generates a dilemma for an underlying principle "and Traditional Christian Theology, "that God created the universe from nothing "and created each man and woman initially "and completely at birth. "Thus the question arises, "how can a perfectly good God intentionally create evil "in the world, in a man? "This question is vexed Christian theologians "for 2000 years." By contrast, Joseph Smith solves this problem neatly, quote, the mind of the intelligence which man possesses is co-equal with God Himself. Joseph Smith clarifies it by, co-equal Joseph means co-eternal. Thus each person has always existed in some form and thus can act independent of God's will. Portuguese: O homem não pode apontar para um criador primordial como responsável por suas escolhas. Não podemos culpar a Deus por nossas escolhas imperfeitas. Além disso, de acordo com o ensino de Lehigh, o bem e o mal sempre existiram e fazem parte da estrutura subjacente do universo como fundamental para o tempo e a matéria do universo. Deus existe e nós existimos apenas porque os opostos ele descreve estão em jogo. Agora vou colocar flashes na tela por um segundo, olhe para isso, as criações são em si opostas ou alternativas contrastantes. Fascinante, muitas luz e escuridão, mar e terra seca, homem e mulher, vida e morte, interessante até mesmo o princípio da oposição e da ciência na base. Isso se aplica amplamente a cobranças positivas e negativas, Polos Norte e Sul em Magnus como exemplo. Então, ele gastou muito tempo no livro nisso. Ok, agora as últimas duas partes disso, descobriu-se que os elétrons têm incerteza e imprevisibilidade que era surpreendente e não fazia parte da ciência da época de Joseph. E de fato, nos dias de Joseph, pensava-se English: Man cannot point to a primal creator as responsible for his choices. We cannot blame God for our imperfect choices. Furthermore, accordingly, Lehigh's teaching, good and evil have always existed and are part of the underlying fabric of the universe as fundamental to the universe's time and matter themselves. God exists and we exist only because the opposites he describes are at play. Now I'm just gonna flash this up on the screen for a second, look at this, the creations are itself opposites or contrasting alternatives. Fascinating, lots of things that light and dark, sea and dry land, man and women, life and death, interesting even the principle of opposition and science at the bottom. I see this broadly apply positive and negative charges, North and South poles on Magnus as an example. So he spent a lot of time in the book on this. Okay, now the last couple of parts of this, the electrons have been found to have uncertainty and unpredictability which was astonishing and not part of the science of Joseph's day. And in fact, in Joseph's day, it was thought Spanish: El hombre no puede señalar a un creador primario como responsable de sus elecciones. No podemos culpar a Dios por nuestras elecciones imperfectas. Además, en consecuencia, la enseñanza de Lehigh, el bien y el mal siempre han existido y son parte del tejido subyacente del universo como fundamental para el tiempo del universo y la materia misma. Dios existe y nosotros existimos solo porque los opuestos que describe están en juego. Voy a mostrar esto en la pantalla por un segundo, mira esto, las creaciones son en sí mismas opuestas o alternativas contrastantes. Fascinante, un montón de cosas que la luz y la oscuridad, mar y tierra firme, hombre y mujeres, vida y muerte, interesante incluso el principio de la oposición y la ciencia al fondo. Veo que esto se aplica ampliamente a los cargos positivos y negativos, Los polos norte y sur en imanes como ejemplo. Pasó mucho tiempo en el libro sobre esto. Ahora el último par de partes de esto, se ha descubierto que los electrones tienen incertidumbre e impredecible, lo cual fue sorprendente y no es parte de la ciencia de los días de Joseph. Y de hecho, en los días de Joseph, Spanish: se pensaba que si conocieras las fórmulas, básicamente podrías predecir todo lo que iba a pasar allí. Solo necesitas saber las ecuaciones matemáticas básicamente. Pero creó una especie de determinista o predestinación, le quitó el libre albedrío y la responsabilidad de alguna manera, y cómo la gente tiene fe en la religión en ese sentido, y es digno de mención que por lo tanto, el Libro de Mormón, Joseph Smith toma una posición a favor de libre albedrío yendo en contra de la visión científica de entonces. Luego, en el siglo XX, con la llegada de la mecánica cuántica, los procesos de pensamiento humano pueden ocurrir en el cerebro por medio de impulsos eléctricos, en cuya raíz está el comportamiento de los electrones y los átomos. No puedes estar seguro de qué minúsculas partículas como lo harán los electrones debido al principio de incertidumbre. De repente, la ciencia y la religión ya no están reñidas, todas nuestras decisiones que no se pueden predecir. Podemos elegir si dormir o no un sábado por la mañana, sabiendo que nuestra elección no estaba predeterminada. Podemos elegir entre amar, odiar o ser vecinos, no porque los movimientos de nuestros átomos nos hayan llevado a una inevitable conclusión mecánica, pero libremente. A este respecto, la Iglesia restaurada y la ciencia Portuguese: ser realmente isso, se você conhecesse as fórmulas, você poderia basicamente prever tudo o que iria acontecer lá. Praticamente você só precisa saber equações matemáticas. Mas criou uma espécie de predestinação ou determinística, e essencialmente tirou o livre arbítrio e responsabilidade de algumas maneiras, e como as pessoas têm fé na religião nesse sentido, e é digno de notar que, portanto, o Livro de Mórmon, Joseph Smith tome uma posição a favor do livre arbítrio indo contra visão científica do seu tempo. Então, no século 20, com o advento da mecânica quântica, processos de pensamento humano podem ocorrer no cérebro por meio de impulsos elétricos, na raiz disso está o comportamento dos elétrons e átomos. Você não pode ter certeza de quais partículas minúsculas como os elétrons farão devido ao princípio da incerteza. De repente, a ciência e a religião não estão mais em conflito, todas as decisões não podem ser previstas. Podemos escolher se vamos dormir ou não numa manhã de sábado, nossa escolha não está predeterminada. Podemos escolher amar ou odiar ou próximo não porque os movimentos de nossos átomos nos levaram a uma conclusão mecânica inevitável, mas livremente. A este respeito, a Igreja Restaurada e a ciência English: to have really been that if you knew the formulas, you could basically predict all that was going to happen on there. You just need to know the equations in the math essentially. But it created kind of a deterministic or predestination, essentially took away free will and accountability in some ways, and how people have faith in religion in that sense, and it's noteworthy that therefore, the Book of Mormon, Joseph Smith take a stand in favor of free will going against the then current scientific view. Then in the 20th century, with the advent of quantum mechanics, human thought processes can occur in the brain by means of electrical impulses, at the root of which is the behavior of electrons and atoms. You can't be certain what tiny particles like electrons will do due to the uncertainty principle. Suddenly science and religion are no longer at odds are every decision cannot be predicted. We can choose whether or not to sleep in on a Saturday morning that our choice was not predetermined. We can choose to love or hate or neighbor not because the motions of our atoms led us to an inevitable mechanical conclusion, but freely. In this respect, the Restored Church and science English: have found common ground With the tip of the hat to free will leaving us responsible for the actions we pursue, and science with the advent of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in the 20th century, one is left with the question if choice is not pre determined by physics, how then does it come about? Science has no answer. So we have to turn to religion and the possibility of a world apart from that which the eye can see. Joseph Smith's vision of the world anticipated future science, it took a century to pass before modern science opened up the possibility of uncertainty at the atomic level, the very level at which intelligent thought has its source. And so once again, an apparent conflict between Joseph's theology and the science of the day was resolved with new discoveries in science after his time. Dr. Lamb says, "I exercise my agency by choosing "to see this as another testimony "of Joseph's divine insights." And with that, I wanna finish with this summary, it's phenomenal, love it. He wraps it up by saying, "In summary, Joseph's God-given revelations "anticipated the following: "The vastness of God's creations of stars "and habitable worlds the degree to which only later "did science begin to uncover." Spanish: han encontrado un terreno común levantando el sombrero al libre albedrío dejándonos responsables por las acciones que perseguimos, y la ciencia con el advenimiento del principio de incertidumbre de Heisenberg en el siglo XX, uno se queda con la pregunta si la elección no está predeterminada por la física, ¿cómo se produce entonces? La ciencia no tiene respuesta. Tenemos que recurrir a la religión y a la posibilidad de un mundo aparte de aquel que el ojo puede ver. La visión del mundo de Joseph Smith anticipó la ciencia del futuro, necesitó un siglo antes de que la ciencia moderna se abriera a la posibilidad de incertidumbre a nivel atómico, el mismo nivel en el que el pensamiento inteligente tiene su fuente. Y así, una vez más, un aparente conflicto entre la teología de Joseph y la ciencia de la época se resolvió con nuevos descubrimientos científicos posteriores a su tiempo. El Dr. Lamb dice, "Ejercito mi albedrío "eligiendo ver esto como otro testimonio "de las ideas divinas de Joseph". Y con eso, quiero terminar con este resumen, es fenomenal, me encanta. Concluye diciendo, "En resumen, las revelaciones de Joseph dadas por Dios "anticipó lo siguiente: "La inmensidad de las creaciones de Dios, de las estrellas "y mundos habitables el grado en que solo más tarde "la ciencia empezó a descubrir". Portuguese: encontraram um fundamento comum, tirando o chapéu para o livre arbítrio nos deixando responsáveis pelas ações que buscamos, e a ciência com o advento do princípio da incerteza de Heisenberg no século 20, fica uma pergunta, se a escolha não é pré-determinada pela física, como então isso acontece? A ciência não tem resposta. Assim, temos que nos voltar para religião e a possibilidade de um mundo separado do que os olhos podem ver. A visão de mundo de Joseph Smith, ciência futura antecipada, levou um século para se passar antes que a ciência moderna abrisse a possibilidade de incerteza no nível atômico, mesmo nível em que o pensamento inteligente tem sua origem. E então, mais uma vez, um conflito aparente entre a teologia de Joseph e a ciência da época foi resolvido com novas descobertas na ciência depois de seu tempo. O Dr. Lamb diz: "Eu exerço meu arbítrio escolhendo "ver isso como outro testemunho "das percepções divinas de Joseph". E com isso, eu quero terminar com este resumo, é fenomenal, adorei. Ele conclui dizendo, "Em resumo, as revelações dadas por Deus a Joseph "antecipou o seguinte: "A vastidão das criações de estrelas de Deus "e mundos habitáveis, o grau em que só mais tarde "a ciência começou a descobrir." Spanish: "La existencia de los mundos invisibles de los espíritus "contiguos al nuestro, "desafiado por la ciencia de su época "pero compatible con la comprensión del siglo XXI "del mundo de la materia en la luz. "La naturaleza de la luz y su relación "con la vida y el pensamiento inteligente, "mucho antes de la ciencia de su época. "Los papeles de las fuerzas opuestas del bien y del mal "en lo que se refiere a las fuerzas del cosmos "y el caos en la naturaleza, "con mayor claridad que nunca antes. "Una resolución a la vieja paradoja del libre albedrío, "y la responsabilidad, enseñando que el hombre es coeterno "con Dios mientras la ciencia de su día "suponía el universo y el hombre "eran de naturaleza mecánica, "que el libre albedrío era una ilusión. "No fue hasta el siglo siguiente que la ciencia entendió "que el universo no es mecánico, "sino que incertidumbre es una propiedad de la naturaleza "que abre la puerta al concepto de libre albedrío. "La posibilidad de que una Tierra "de miles de millones de años de antigüedad "y un concepto de tiempo relativo "mucho antes de que Einstein ampliara estas ideas. "Animó a sus Santos a buscar todo lo que es virtuoso, "encantador o buen informe, loable "y su sucesor Brigham Young dejó claro "que la ciencia es una fuente fiable "para abrazar tales cosas". English: "The existence of Spirit unseen worlds "contiguous to our own, "defied by the science of his day but perfectly compatible "with 21st century understanding "of the world of matter in light. "The nature of light and its relationship "to life and intelligent thought, "far in advance of the science of his day. "The roles of opposing forces of good and evil "as they relate to the forces of cosmos and chaos in nature, "with greater clarity than ever before. "A resolution to the age old paradox of free will, "and accountability, teaching that man is co-eternal "with God while science of his day apply the universal man "were mechanical in nature, that free will was an illusion. "Not until the following century did science understand "that the universe is not mechanical, "but that uncertainty is a property of nature "that opens the door to the concept of free will. "The possibility of an Earth billions of years old "and a concept of relative time "long before Einstein enlarged on these ideas. "He encouraged the Saints to seek out all that is virtuous, "lovely or good report, praiseworthy "and a successor Brigham Young made it clear "that science is a reliable source "of such things to be embraced." Portuguese: "A existência de mundos invisíveis do Espírito "contíguo ao nosso, "desafiado pela ciência de sua época, mas perfeitamente "compatível com a compreensão do século 21 "do mundo da matéria na luz. "A natureza da luz e sua relação "com a vida e pensamento inteligente, "muito à frente da ciência de sua época. "Os papéis das forças opostas do bem e do mal "no que se refere às forças do cosmos e do caos na natureza, "com maior clareza do que nunca. "Uma resolução para o antigo paradoxo do livre arbítrio "e responsabilidade, ensinando que o homem é co-eterno "com Deus, enquanto a ciência de sua época "aplica o homem universal tinha natureza mecânica, "esse livre arbítrio era uma ilusão. "Só no século seguinte a ciência entendeu "que o universo não é mecânico, "mas essa incerteza é uma propriedade da natureza "que abre as portas para o conceito de livre arbítrio. "A possibilidade de uma Terra com bilhões de anos "e um conceito de tempo relativo "muito antes de Einstein ampliar essas ideias. "Ele encorajou os santos a buscar tudo o que é virtuoso, "relato adorável ou bom, louvável "e um sucessor Brigham Young deixou claro "que a ciência é uma fonte confiável "de tais coisas a serem abraçadas." English: Which is something I did in the real life. Religion and science video seeing both eyes, hope you enjoy the video. I had a lot of fun putting it together by Dr. Lamb's book. I'll tell you to go to Education Week, see his classes phenomenal. Hope you enjoyed it, subscribe for more. (soft music) Portuguese: Que é algo que fiz na vida real. Vídeo de religião e ciência vendo com os dois olhos, Espero que você goste do vídeo. Eu me diverti muito o elaborando com livro do Dr. Lamb. Vou te dizer para ir para a Semana do Ensino, assista suas fenomenais aulas. Espero que tenha gostado, inscreva-se para mais. Spanish: Que es algo que hice en la vida real. Vídeo de religión y ciencia viendo ambos ojos, Espero que disfruten del video. Me divertí mucho haciéndolo según el libro del Dr. Lamb. Te diré que vayas a la Semana de la Educación, ver sus clases fenomenales. Espero que lo hayas disfrutado, suscríbete para más.

Hey everyone, it's Jananie and welcome back to another episode of #EpicBookRecs. So this is a monthly series that I do here on the Epic Reads channel, where I recommend you a bunch of YA books based on a certain theme. So this month is February so I thought I would go with one of the biggest themes of the month, and that is Valentine's Day or romance. So today I'm gonna be recommending you a bunch of YA romances, contemporary romances. Ones that feature a relationship between two really strong characters from really diverse backgrounds. All of the books on this list are some of my absolute favorite YA romances. So I'm very excited to share them with you today. So the first book I wanted to recommend is A Very Large Expanse of Sea by Tahereh Mafi. So I've actually recommended this before, in I think my very first Epic Book Recs video. But I'm mentioning it again, because I really do think that the romance in this book, the relationship between the two main characters Shirin and Ocean is just so sweet, and beautiful, and inspiring. And just so amazing because they are crossing cultural boundaries, and having to face a lot of hate for their relationship throughout the course of the book. Basically this book follows her main character Shirin, who is a 16 year old Muslim girl, a year after 9/11. And she's starting at a new school, and she ends up meeting this white boy named Ocean in her chemistry class. And Ocean has an instant attraction to her and wants to know more about her, but Shirin has faced a lot of racism and hate, and Islamophobia in the past year, so she's scared to get to know him and open up. So the story is really about Shirin opening up to Ocean, but even when they do have the chance to to be together, they're faced with a lot of external pushback from parents, from community, from Ocean's coach. There's just so many people against this relationship because of what it represents. But through it all, I think Shirin and Ocean have such a human element to them. They're such a sweet couple, and I absolutely love them. So I definitely recommend this one if you're looking for a really sweet romance. The next book that I wanna recommend is They Both Die at the End by Adam Silvera. I absolutely love this book, and I just love the relationship between the two main characters Mateo and Rufus. So this is a story that takes place over the course of, I think a single day, and it takes place in a alternate version of our world or a near future version of our world. Where there's this thing called the Death-Cast, which is this organization that calls you on the day that you're gonna die, and let's you know that you're gonna die in 24 hours. And so in reaction to that, there's also this thing called the Last Friend app, where you can find a friend to spend your last day with. So Rufus and Mateo are very different people, but they both live in NYC. And so they end up on the Last Friend app and meeting each other for their last day on earth together. And they end up going on kind of a night adventure through the city and getting to know each other, but also dealing with the emotional weight of knowing that you're gonna die. This is a really sweet, whirlwind kind of romance. I love romances that take place over a single day. And one of the things that I really loved about this couple in specific is that Mateo and Rufus are such different boys. And throughout the course of this book, you can see them bring out the best in each other, which I absolutely loved. All right, the next book that I wanna recommend is also pretty similar to They Both Die at The End, and that is the Sun is Also a Star by Nicola Yoon. So this is a another book that takes place over a single day, and this is such a heartbreaking, wonderfully, beautifully told story. It follows two main characters Natasha and Daniel, and they are like total opposites. So Natasha is a girl who believes in science and facts, but when her family is 12 hours away from getting deported back to Jamaica, she has to think on her feet and find some way to keep them in America. And then Daniel is sort of the opposite of Natasha. He is a dreamer and a poet. But he tends to hide that stuff away because he wants to be a good student and a good son to his family, to his Korean parents. But when he meets Natasha one day, everything kind of goes out the window, and he's determined to make her see that he can make her fall in love with him in a single day. It's a really, really cute story, and the two of them are kind of supporting each other through all of the hardships that are going on around them, but they are also racing around the clock to stop the deportation. But another really interesting thing about this book is that it is not only told from the main characters' perspectives, but it is also told from these side characters or minor characters that are around them, whose days are affected by Natasha and Daniel. And not only that, there's also some passages on fate and destiny, and just some really cute, interesting thought provoking passages in this book, and I just really loved it for that reason. It's not only the story about this romance between these two people, but also the human effects that people can have on each other, and the impact that you can make on someone's life in a single day. All right, and the next one that I want to talk about is There's Something about Sweetie by Sandhya Menon. This is my most recent read, and I absolutely loved it so, so much. It is such a cute and wholesome book, and it follows our two main characters Sweetie and Ashish. So Sweetie is a South Asian girl who is also fat, and she has reclaimed the word fat for herself, and she is proud to be the way that she is. But she is always kind of chafing against the expectations her mother has for her to lose weight, and also the judgment that she receives from a lot of people for her weight. But she is also a track star. She is a runner. She is the best runner at her school, and maybe even in the region. And so she's very proud of that as well. And then we have Ashish who is a South Asian boy. He's also the younger brother of Rishi from When Dimple met Rishi, if you've read that book. But he was recently dumped by his girlfriend Celia, and so he's been kind of reeling from that breakup, and hasn't been able to get over her. And so he feels like his mojo, his playerness has been toned down, and so he's not doing as well in basketball, which he's usually really good at. He's a star player. And so he feels like he needs to get back on the horse and start dating again to really feel himself again. But with his track record of dating a lot of girls who aren't really a fit for him, he decides to enlist his parents to set him up with an Indian-American girl to date and see if that will change anything. And his parents are happy to agree as long as he and Sweetie, who they set him up with, agree to a contract where they go on dates sanctioned by his parents. And so one of those dates ends up being the temple. That's their first date. And it's just a way of getting Ashish to reconnect with his culture. And also make sure he's not up to any funny business. And then Sweetie on the other hand is taking this opportunity to date Ashish to kind of prove to her mother that she, as a fat girl, can still be with a skinny guy, a good looking guy. She is beautiful and amazing the way she is. And she launches this thing called The Sassy Sweetie Poject, where she does things the way that she wants to do, and doesn't hold herself back from doing anything just because she's fat. I really, really loved this book. It was just so cute and adorable. And Ashish and Sweetie are such genuinely great, good-natured characters, and it was just so wonderful seeing them fall for each other. Another thing I will say is that the parents in this book are a huge, huge part of the book, and it was just really fun and exciting with them in it. All right, and then the next book that I have here is Love from A to Z by S.K Ali. This is a book that is a quite international, I would say. Both these two young Muslim teens, so Zayneb and Adam. And they end up meeting on a plane on the way to Doha, Qatar, where Adam attends international school and where Zayneb is gonna be staying with her aunt, after getting suspended from school for going after a Islamophobic teacher of hers. And the two of them kind of have this really cute meet cute, and end up interacting a lot while they're in Doha, Qatar. And Zayneb kind of interacts with his friends as well, the whole international community of ex-pat children. But Adam kind of has this secret that he's harboring, he has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, and that's something he's been trying to hide from his family who's already suffered the loss of his mother. And Zayneb is trying to be a different version of herself in Doha while she's there to see if being quieter and not speaking up as much about her opinions, and being nicer will make a difference. But these two characters have an undeniable chemistry, and they are just so cute together. And it was just really interesting seeing their personalities mesh together. They are quite different, but also very similar in the aspect of their faith. This is again a set of characters who are so genuinely good-natured, and I was just rooting for them the whole time. And I just loved how this had so many cultures and identities within this book, and it was just so international as well. So highly, highly recommend this one as well. All right, and the last one that I want to recommend to you today is Somewhere Only We Know by Maureen Goo. So this is a book that I was really excited about when I heard about it, and it follows two main characters Lucky and Jack. So Lucky is this huge K-Pop star in Korea, and she is in Hong Kong doing a few performances before she's about to fly out to America to perform on The Later Tonight show, where she's gonna make her American debut. But Lucky has been kind of worn out by the pressures of her career, and also feeling like she has lost her love for her profession. And then Jack is this boy who doesn't really know what he wants to do with his life. He knows he wants to put off college, and so he ends up in a internship at his father's bank, which he absolutely hates. But he also has a side hustle job where he is a tabloid reporter, which puts to use his photography skills. And even though photography is his real passion, he doesn't know how to pursue it, or really get himself to go in that direction. But when Lucky is having kind of a bad day after a performance in Hong Kong, she ends up escaping from her hotel room and going down to get a burger, where she ends up running into Jack, who had just left her hotel trying to get a scoop for the tabloid, and ends up running into her. And so the two of them end up on this whirlwind kind of one day romance where Jack is trying to use Lucky for a big story, a tabloid story. But Lucky doesn't know that he knows that she's Lucky, and so she is trying to have a normal date with a cute boy, and just live one day outside of being this huge K-Pop star. It is honestly such a cute romance and it was also super cool because this is set in Hong Kong, and so the two of them are going around Hong Kong and seeing the sights, and doing fun things. So that was really, really cool and interesting. And these two characters are really quite funny. They're constantly cracking jokes or making fun of each other. But they're also constantly pushing each other to be better, and kind of confront their inner demons, which is really wonderful. So I really, really enjoyed this. I think it's a really great one if you are thinking about your dreams and aspirations and what you want to do with your life. But those are all the books that I wanted to share with you today. Hope you found a fun new romance that you wanna pick up. All of these books put a smile on my face whenever I think about them and just the cute characters in them. So I really hope you guys will enjoy. But as always, I hope you guys will leave me a comment with a recommendation that you have for the theme of this month. So let me know what some of your favorite YA contemporary romances are, down below. But that's about all I have to say, so I will see you in the next episode of #EpicBookRecs, bye.

Hi guys it’s Cath. Today, I’m going to show you how to make these adorable miniature food items inspired by Japanese cuisine. Let’s get started. The first miniature item I’ll make is also the simplest. With some green, light green and white clay, let’s create lettuce. Just grab a bit of each color and roll it into a ball. Then squish it down with a ball clay tool adding more light green and white as needed. I like to squish it onto a sticky note so it’s easily to remove. Bake it according to your clay instructions and it’s done. Next up is sushi. I start with some black polymer clay for the seaweed. Just flatten it out as thin as you can. Then add a small flattened rectangle of white clay for the rice. Add to that small tubes of red, yellow and green clay. Make sure all these fillings are on one half of the seaweed. Roll it up as tightly as you can. Then with a little pressure, roll the piece across your table to thin it out and elongate it. Once it’s about 1/4" thick, cut it into 1/8” sections. This step is so satisfying and I love seeing the cross sections. For the final detail, use a dotting tool to add texture to the seaweed. I baked these pieces at 275 degrees F for 10 minutes. Next up is some rice. I first grab some white clay and roll it up into a ball. Flatten it down and then cut off the sides to make a rectangle. I add a bit of texture with the tip of my utility knife. Roll out a super thin piece of white clay and cut it into tiny segments. Then stick those pieces onto the block. This added detail make the piece look a lot more realistic. I l didn’t add any to the center of this piece because it’ll be covered by some unagi. That takes us to the last miniature piece. To make unagi, also known as freshwater eel, mix some brown and white clay together. We’re making 2 pieces here. Flatten it out into a oblong shape. I use a small dotting tool to add a indentation line down the center. Also add some dents around the edges as well. Then use a knife to cut a bunch of lines down the center. For some color, I’ll be using these chalk pastels. I use a dry brush to add some brown into the center. Add it in layers. Then brush on some black into that center line and down the edges. Bake the clay. Once it’s hardened, I use some acrylic paint to add dark brown into the center and black along the edges. This gives the colors a lot more definition. Lastly, for some gloss- I brush on some Polycrylic varnish. Now you can add all these pieces into the bento boxes we made last week. That's it! I hope you guys liked this video. Give it a thumbs up if you did and make sure to subscribe for more. I’ll see you next time. Bye!

- In this video, I'm gonna show you how Howard Stern, the Sirius XM radio celebrity and multimillionaire, king of all media, completely transformed his life, by letting go of the brutal honesty that characterized him in his early career, and embracing a more tactful and diplomatic way of communicating with people. If you can master these same techniques, you can transform your own relationships to one where you're calloused and brutal and alienating the people around you, and where you have trouble connecting with people to one where you can build strong, intimate friendships and relationships. Hi, everybody. I'm Bruce Lambert, from howcommunicationworks.com, a channel where I teach you communication skills so you can improve your relationships, succeed at work and build your own confidence. Let's get started. Howard Stern, some of you may not know who he is. I was talking to a younger friend of mine, and he didn't know who Howard Stern was. People my age know that Howard Stern is what you used to call the king of all media. He was the first radio shock jock. He became famous by saying shocking things. His whole strategy for celebrity was brutal honesty all the time, and this worked tremendously well for him. He became very popular and very wealthy, but as we'll see in this video, it wasn't a great long term strategy, so those of you who may not know who Howard Stern was, I'm gonna show you a clip or two. He just did an interview with David Letterman, on Letterman's new show on Netflix, and he revealed some really interesting things about his personal life, and that's what we're gonna get into today. So in this first clip, I wanna illustrate for you the sorts of things he used to do on the radio, so you know what I mean about his style if you're not familiar with him. So in this case, there was a terrible plane crash, back in the 1980s, where a plane took off in Washington and crashed into a bridge over the Potomac River and many people died. It was tragic, and he made a joke about it, and so in this first clip, we'll see him talk about the joke he made. - You had called, an airline crashed into a bridge in the Potomac. - Right. - And you called the airline and said, I just wondered, how much is a ticket from Dulles to the bridge? - Yeah. (audience laughing) I said, is that a one way ticket? - A one way ticket, yeah. - Yeah. - That joke gets a big laugh, and even I have to say, it's kind of funny, but it's brutal and it's funny, and if you've ever known anyone who's died in a plane crash, as I have, you realize, in some ways, how heartless it is, and he made this joke right when the plane crash happened. We're not talking about 40 years later, or 35 years later to make a joke, it can be funny, but on the day that it happened, you really have to have a lot of nerve to make a joke like that, and he did, and that's what he was like, and he believed that this honesty was the key to his success. Let's watch a clip of him talking about honesty. Here it is. - I think the reason I was successful was that I was always honest with the audience. - Honesty, then, he thinks is the key to his success, and this comes back to one of the main themes we've been talking about on this channel for a long time, and that is the tension between being completely honest or maybe being completely authentic, saying exactly what's on our mind, and the competing demand to care about other people's feelings, and to be considerate, to be tactful, to be diplomatic, to be kind, et cetera, and in the beginning, Howard Stern just thought it was really best to have no filter, and in this next clip, he talks about the decision that he made to have no filter. Let's watch it. - Well, when I went to Washington, D.C., I decided I was not gonna lose anymore. I had to do whatever it is, and my epiphany, if you wanna call it that was I had to loosen up a bit, that whatever came into my mind, I would talk about, and it would be pure id, total honesty, and I had a lot of rage, and I was gonna let that rage out. - That's what your quote is, you were just gonna let your head crack open. - [Stern] Yeah. - And your unadulterated id would spill out. - In that clip, Howard Stern says he's gonna crack open his head and just let pure id out. So maybe you don't know exactly what id is. Id is a Freudian term. It comes from Sigmund Freud's theory of the mind, and he said there were three parts of the mind: the id, the ego and the superego. I'm not gonna go into all that in detail, except to say that the id refers to the part of our mind that contains the basic, instinctual drives, especially for sex and aggression, without any filter, without being governed by the ego or the superego, which would be a conscience or logic or reason or tact or anything like that, so pure id means pure, unfiltered expression of sex and aggression, and if you know about Howard Stern's show in the 80s, especially, that's what it was about, sex and aggression, and he thought that was a great idea, but in this next clip, he talks about though it made him famous and successful as a radio host, it had lots of other negative consequences, so let's hear him begin to talk about the negative consequences of this unfiltered, pure id way of being. - Which is great radio, but really damaging to your personal life. It can wreak havoc. You don't have a life. You become a madman. - You don't have a life. You become a madman. It wreaks havoc with your personal life. So this is Howard Stern, who, make no mistake, became rich and famous by having this unfiltered strategy on the radio, but now upon reflection, as an older, wiser man, having paid the price for that unfiltered way of communicating, he now says, it made me a madman. It was no way to live. So here we begin to see the costs of communicating in an unfiltered way. Maybe in certain narrow domains of our life, it could make us successful, but it ruins the rest of our life, because it prevents us from developing friendships, intimate bonds and relationships with other people because we have no regard for other people. This unfiltered honesty is just a way of having no regard or consideration for other people, for their feelings, their thoughts, and for the consequences. And here in this next clip, he continues along that same line of thought, about what the consequences were of communicating in this way. Let's have a look at this next clip. - You know, I didn't really have this ability to think about others. I didn't have a way of functioning in the real world. I knew how to function on the radio. That's what I was good at. - He says he didn't have the ability to think about others or to function in the real world. These are pretty dramatic consequences. The inability to think about others, what is he saying there? He said he had no empathy. This is what I've been trying to get across. There are these two poles. On the one end, brutal honesty, on the other end, empathy, and I've been encouraging people, move towards empathy, move towards the light, and this is what Howard Stern was saying. When he was operating in this mode of pure id, unfiltered honesty, he said, he had no ability to understand the perspective of other people. He was without empathy, a madman, and as he goes on, he talks about what this ultimately did to his relationships, and about the need to apologize to all the people that he hurt, so let's watch this next clip, where he talks about the need to apologize. - I've apologized to a lot of people. And I'll tell you why. I think I did a lot of growing up, and I do attribute this to psychotherapy. Again, I was just a young man full of rage, and I was angry. I was angry with you, that you were on television, that you had an audience. There was no rhyme or reason to it. I could not love anyone, I couldn't respect anyone, I just thought this was who I was. - I've never seen Howard Stern be this vulnerable. I really was taken aback when I heard him say, I could not love anyone, I could not respect anyone. I just thought this is how I was. That's a really, really sad state of affairs to be in, and it's a very empty way of existing as a human being, and it is a direct result of failing to take into account the needs, beliefs, preferences, attitudes, feelings of other people, and if you are like this, you will not be able to connect with other people, and it's in those connections with other people that all of the greatest part of life eventually emerge, the friendships and love relationships and family relationships and work relationships that give meaning and purpose to our life, and he's reflecting now, with great regret, on having communicated in this other way, which did so much damage. And he finally begins to talk about, and he talks about the benefit of psychotherapies, and I think for many of us, psychotherapy can help us get over these obstacles and these flaws in our ways of communicating. We can work with people who can help us learn to communicate in new ways that we may have learned from our families, or early in life, very destructive ways of communicating, and in this next clip, Howard talks about what he learned from his mother about how to communicate when he was a child. Let's take a look. - Words had no meaning to me. Words didn't hurt. Of course they hurt me, if somebody says something bad, but as far as I was concerned, oh, everything is joke. - [Letterman] Yeah. - Words don't mean anything. In fact, my mother used to say to me when I was young, words don't mean anything, and I took her at her word. It was like, so when I would talk about your ratings, or talk about your relationship, or anything like that, I assumed he doesn't care. - Mm-hmm. - But it did hurt, and it did hurt you, and you know, I was like, why am I hurting this guy I love so much, and admire? - Words have no meaning. So I think this is a common belief for people who can be brutally honest like this. They might think, especially if they're joking or teasing. A lot of people really tease a lot, and think, well, you shouldn't be hurt, 'cause I'm only teasing. You should know that I'm teasing, and because I'm teasing, this shouldn't hurt you, because my intentions aren't to hurt you. You shouldn't be hurt. And this is the way that Howard Stern thought for a long time, and he says he learned from his mother, words have no meaning, and we learn, as children, you know, sticks and stones may break my bones, but names will never hurt me. But that's just wrong. Anyone who's ever been called names or mocked or teased knows it actually does hurt us. Now we can develop a thick skin, so that they hurt us less, but in fact, language can hurt us very powerfully, when people who we care about say terrible things about us, and this is a painful lesson, and he talks, in the end, about, he asks himself why was I doing this? To Dave Letterman, in particular, he says, I loved you, you were my friend. Why did I do this? And it's really painful. Those of us who sometimes communicate in this unfiltered way and sadly, I have to count myself among them. I have, at times in my life, been impulsive, and said things that really hurt people, and have lived to regret it, and have had to apologize. You know, I may portray myself as a communication expert on this channel, but I have made all the mistakes that I'm talking about other people correcting. When we communicate in this way, this brutally honest way without regard to other people's feelings, we hurt the people that we love, and sometimes, in irreparable ways.. We sometimes damage relationships in ways that we can't repair them. Other times, we just cause tremendous harm and suffering to people that we care about, and that we love and we have to spend an enormous amount of time and effort repairing those relationships, if they can be fixed. So in the end, I thought it was just beautiful to hear Howard Stern tell this story of how he evolved from this pure id, unfiltered, brutal honesty, this approach which made him famous and very, very wealthy to after psychotherapy, being able to have regard for other people's feelings, apologizing to all the people that he hurt, realizing that words do have meaning, and words have the power to hurt us very badly, and then modifying his behavior accordingly. I think he does a very generous thing by sharing this vulnerable aspect of his life experience with us so that we might learn the same lesson without having to pay as high a price as he paid. So that's all I have about Howard Stern. I hope you enjoyed that clip. You can go and find the show on Netflix, and watch the entire interview. It's really funny and entertaining and touching. I could only pick a few short clips here to talk about these principles of honesty and compassion and empathy. If you like this kind of video, I'd be really grateful if you'd consider giving us a like over here, and maybe even consider subscribing to our channel, if you find this to be useful or entertaining or edifying in any way, and go on over to howcommunicationworks.com, which is our website and contains a blog, often as written versions of the material from these videos. It has 30 or more articles about various different communication topics. Also on howcommunicationworks.com, on the front page, you can find a coaching offer, where I offer to give you one on one coaching about communication skills issues in your life, and there's a brief application form. We can set up a phone call to see whether one on one coaching between you and me might be helpful and mutually beneficial for the both of us. So if that's something that interests you, go on over to the website. I'd love to hear from you in the comments. Tell me what you thought of Howard Stern, whether you were a fan of Howard Stern's, what you think of his transformation. Go on down to the comments, and leave me a note to let me know that you're watching. Thanks so much for watching. We'll talk to you next time.

Czech: Groundbreaking a W Labs Ahoj, kamaráde. Znovu brzo zpátky? Vypadá to, že máš rád naši společnost. Hraješ si znovu. A jsem normálně já první znepokojivá bytost kterou uvidíš. Roztrhali mě na kusy! Použili mě pro součástky! Vzali mi můj obličej! Polish: Groundbreaking i W Labs Cześć mój przyjacielu Wróciłeś tak szybko, znowu? Wydaje mi się, że lubisz naszą firmę. Znowu grasz. Zazwyczaj to ja. jestem pierwszą niepokojącą istotą którą widzisz Rozerwali mnie na strzępy! Użyli mnie jako części! Zabrali mi twarz! Russian: Groundbreaking и W Labs Привет, мой друг. Так скоро вернулся? Мне кажется, что вам нравится наша компания. Вы играете снова. И это, как правило, я. Чтобы быть первым тревожным существом Что вы видите. Они разорвали меня на части! Они использовали меня для деталей! Они забрали моё лицо! English: Groundbreaking and W Labs Hello, my friend. Back so soon, again? It seems to me that you like our company. You play again. And it's usually me. To be the first disturbing being That you see. They tore me apart! They used me for parts! They took away my face! Indonesian: Groundbreaking W Labs mempersembahkan bonnie song Halo teman saya Kembali lagi begitu cepat?, sepertinya kamu suka perusahaan kami Kamu bermain lagi dan biasanya saya menjadi pengganggu pertama yang Anda lihat. yang kamu lihat Mereka mencabik-cabik saya! Mereka menggunakan saya untuk bagian-bagian! Mereka mengambil wajahku! Czech: Vzali mi moji ruku! Ne! To prostě není fér! Kuře a medvěd. Ani liška si tím neprošla. Čím jsem si prošel já. Moje náhrada je modrá! Má to i nejnovější technologii! Vše co mám je moje kytara! Nech mě ti zahrát písničku! Polish: Zabrali mi ramię! Nie! To po prostu niesprawiedliwe! Kurczak i niedźwiedź. Nawet lis nie przeszedł tego Co ja musiałem znieść Mój zamiennik jest niebieski! Ma też najnowszą technologię! Wszystko to co mam to moja gitara Pozwól mi zagrać piosenkę dla ciebie Russian: Они забрали мою руку! Нет! Это просто несправедливо! Курица и медведь. Даже лиса не прошла. То, что я должен обнажить. Моя замена синяя! У неё тоже есть последние технологии! У меня есть моя гитара! И позвольте мне сыграть песню для вас! English: They took away my arm! No! It just isn't fair! The chicken and the bear. Even the fox didn't go through. What I had to bare. My replacement is blue! It's got the latest tech too! All I have is my guitar! Let me play a song for you! Indonesian: Mereka mengambil lenganku! Tidak! Itu tidak adil! Ayam dan beruang. Bahkan rubah tidak melewati. Apa yang harus saya buka. Pengganti saya berwarna biru! Ada teknologi terbaru juga! Yang saya miliki hanyalah gitar saya! Biarkan saya memainkan lagu untuk Anda! ♪ ♪ ♪main gitar ♪ ♪ ♪ Czech: ♪ ♪ ♪ Teď s červeně svítícíma očima. Budu tvoje smrt. Jak můj endoskeleton se rozhodne. ♪ ♪ ♪ Mé jméno je Bonnie. Jsem velký fialový zajíc! Hraju na kytaru v kapele. Nezapomněl jsi kdo jsem! English: ♪ ♪ ♪ Now with red glowing eyes. I'll be your demise. As my endoskeleton decides.. ♪ ♪ ♪ My name is Bonnie. I'm a big purple bunny! I play guitar in a band. Don't you forget who I am! Polish: ♪ ♪ ♪ Teraz z czerwonymi świecącymi oczami. Będę twoją śmiercią Jak zdecyduje mój endoszkielet ... ♪ ♪ ♪ Mam na imię Bonnie. Jestem wielkim, fioletowym króliczkiem! Gram na gitarze w zespole. Nie zapominaj, kim jestem! Indonesian: ♪ ♪ ♪ Sekarang dengan mata merah bersinar Aku akan menjadi kematianmu. Saat endoskeleton saya memutuskan .. ♪ ♪ ♪ Nama saya Bonnie. Saya kelinci ungu besar! Saya bermain gitar di band. Jangan lupa siapa aku! Russian: ♪ ♪ ♪ Теперь с красными светящимися глазами. Я стану твоей кончиной. Как решает мой эндоскелет.. ♪ ♪ ♪ Меня зовут Бонни. Я большой фиолетовый кролик! Я играю на гитаре в группе. Не забывай о том, кто я! Polish: ♪ ♪ ♪ Mój zamiennik jest niebieski! Ma też najnowszą technologię! Jest lśniący i całkiem nowy! Teraz z czerwonymi świecącymi oczami! Będę twoją śmiercią Jak zdecyduje mój endoszkielet ... Russian: ♪ ♪ ♪ Моя замена синяя! У неё тоже есть последние технологии! Она блестящая и новая! Теперь с красными светящимися глазами! Я стану твоей кончиной. Как решает мой эндоскелет.. Czech: ♪ ♪ ♪ Moje náhrada je modrá! Má to i nejnovější technologii! Je to svítivé a zbrusu nové! Teď s červeně svítícíma očima! Budu tvoje smrt. Jak můj endoskeleton rozhodne. Indonesian: ♪ ♪ ♪ Pengganti saya berwarna biru! Ada teknologi terbaru juga! Ini mengkilap dan baru! Sekarang dengan mata merah bercahaya! Aku akan menjadi kematianmu. Saat endoskeleton saya memutuskan .. English: ♪ ♪ ♪ My replacement is blue! It's got the latest tech too! It's shiny and brand new! Now with red glowing eyes! I'll be your demise. As my endoskeleton decides.. Russian: Они разорвали меня на части! Они использовали меня для деталей! Они забрали моё лицо! Они забрали мою руку! Нет! Это просто несправедливо! Курица и медведь. Даже лиса не прошла. То, что я должен обнажить. Моя замена синяя! У неё тоже есть последние технологии! У меня есть моя гитара! И позвольте мне сыграть песню для вас! Indonesian: Mereka mencabik-cabik saya! Mereka menggunakan saya untuk bagian-bagian! Mereka mengambil wajahku! Mereka mengambil lenganku! Tidak! Itu tidak adil! Ayam dan beruang. Bahkan rubah tidak melewati. Apa yang harus saya buka. Pengganti saya berwarna biru! Ada teknologi terbaru juga! Yang saya miliki hanyalah gitar saya! Biarkan saya memainkan lagu untuk Anda! subtitle by Animation Place Polish: Rozerwali mnie na strzępy! Użyli mnie jako części Zabrali mi twarz! Zabrali mi ramię! Nie! To po prostu niesprawiedliwe! Kurczak i niedźwiedź. Nawet lis nie przeszedł tego co ja musiałem znieść Mój zamiennik jest niebieski! Ma też najnowszą technologię! Mam tylko gitarę! Pozwól mi zagrać piosenkę dla ciebie Czech: Roztrhali mě na kusy! Použili mě pro součástky! Vzali mi můj obličej! Vzali mi moji ruku! Ne! To prostě není fér! Kuře a medvěd. ani liška si tím neprošla. Čím jsem si prošel já. Moje náhrada je modrá! Má i nejnovější technologii! Vše co mám je moje kytara! Nech mě ti zahrát písničku! English: They tore me apart! They used me for parts! They took away my face! They took away my arm! No! It just isn't fair! The chicken and the bear. Even the fox didn't go through. What I had to bare. My replacement is blue! It's got the latest tech too! All I have is my guitar! Let me play a song for you! Czech: Děkuji za zhlédnutí tohoto videa, like, odběr a napište komentář. Titulky udělal Romy <3 Polish: Dziękujemy za obejrzenie tego filmu, polub, zasubskrybuj i napisz komentarz. Napisy(PL) autorstwa : patriko20x20 English: Thank you for watching this video, like, subscribe and write comment. Subtitles by AtmoSphere <3 Russian: Спасибо за просмотр этого видео, если оно тебе понравилось то поставь лайк и напиши комментарий. Субтитры сделал AtmoSphere <3 Indonesian: Terima kasih telah menonton video ini, jangan lupa, subscribe, dan tulis komentar.

English: So nature is crazy. Go back a couple hundred million years, and you’ll find animals that, by today’s standards, break all the rules. Animals that looked like fish but couldn’t breathe in water. Reptiles that gave birth to live young instead of laying eggs. Creatures the size of giraffes … that could fly. When we started discovering fossils of animals like these hundreds of years ago, we lumped them together in our textbooks. By the mid 1800s, we had a word for them: “dinosaurs,” Greek for “terrible lizards.” And for a long time, anything that was weird and extinct and vaguely reptilian was called a dinosaur -- even though scientists were finding that they actually weren’t that closely related to each other. We don’t classify organisms by how they look or behave -- by that logic, bats and birds would be in the same group. Instead, we organize them by their evolutionary relationships. Spanish: La naturaleza está loca. Ve atrás unos cientos de millones de años y encontrarás animales que desde el punto de vista de hoy, rompen todas las normas. Animales que parecían peces pero no podían respirar bajo el agua. Reptiles que daban a luz en vez de poner huevos. Criaturas del tamaño de jirafas... que podían volar. Cuando empezamos a descubrir los fósiles de animales como estos hace cientos de años, los agrupamos en nuestros libros de texto. A mediados del siglo XIX teníamos una palabra para ellos: dinosaurios, "lagartos terribles" en griego. Y durante mucho tiempo, cualquier cosa que fuera rara, extinta y vagamente reptiliana era llamada dinosaurio (aunque los científicos iban descubriendo que en realidad no estaban tan emparentados.) No clasificamos organismos por su aspecto o comportamiento (por esa lógica, las aves y los murciélagos irían en el mismo grupo. Los organizamos por su relación evolutiva. Spanish: Los científicos han estado vislumbrando esas relaciones durante siglos al estudiar la única prueba que nos queda de los dinosaurios: sus huesos. Lo que hemos descubierto es que muchas de las criaturas a las que la gente aún llama dinosaurio no tienen una relación cercana entre ellas, ni siquiera tienen una relación cercana con los dinosaurios. Hoy, sabemos los auténticos, extintos dinosaurios eran técnicamente reptiles y que ponían huevos y vivían en tierra. Más allá, los paleontólogos identifican dinosaurios según características específicas, en especial en cráneos y sus patas. En el cráneo, todos los dinosaurios tienen 4 agujeros distintivos (dos pequeñas ventanas a cada lado de sus caras, justo detrás de los ojos). Estos agujeros permitían a los cráneos de los dinosaurios crecer sin volverse demasiado pesados y permitían las grandes y poderosas mandíbulas que los han hecho famosos. Los animales con esos agujeros se llaman diápsidos, que signigica "dos arcos" e incluyen muchos de los reptiles de hoy en día, así como las aves. Miremos ahora las patas. La mayoría de los reptiles como caimanes y lagartos, camina con English: And scientists have been teasing out those relationships for centuries by studying the only evidence we have left for dinosaurs: their bones. What we’re finding out is that a lot of the creatures that people still call dinosaurs are not that closely related to each other; they’re not actually that closely related to dinosaurs. Today, we know that the true, extinct dinosaurs were technically reptilian, in that they laid eggs and lived on land. Beyond that, paleontologists identify dinosaurs by looking for specific skeletal traits, particularly in their heads and their legs. In the head, all dinosaurs have four distinct holes in their skull bones -- two little windows on each side of their faces, right behind the eye. Those holes allowed dinosaurs’ skulls to grow larger without getting too much heavier, and made possible the big, powerful jaws that many became known for. Animals with these skull holes are called diapsids, meaning “two arches,” and they include many of today’s reptiles, as well as birds. Now check out the legs. Most reptiles, like alligators and lizards, walk with their legs out to the sides. English: Their thigh bones run parallel to the ground, and they move by scuttling forward. Dinosaurs’ legs did not do that. They had hips that allowed their legs to go directly out from under their bodies. So they walked with upright limbs below them, just like modern birds continue to do. Once you put all these things together, it becomes a little easier to figure out who the dinosaurs were, and who they weren’t. For instance, one of the more infamous dinosaur impostors is Dimetrodon, a genus of distinctive, reptilian-looking animals that lived about 300 million years ago. Going by appearances, these guys generally fit the exotic, popular conception of dinosaurs -- giant lizards with fearsome teeth and freaky sails erupting from their backs. Like, if they came in to read for Jurassic Park 5, they would probably get the part. But Dimetrodon lived hundreds of millions of years before dinosaurs came on the scene, and even though they looked like giant hunchbacked iguanas, they’re actually more closely related to us than they are to dinosaurs. Yup! Dimetrodon is an important, but lesser known, character in our family tree. They’re sometimes described as a “mammal-like reptiles,” but they’re not true reptiles, Spanish: sus patas a los lados. Sus fémures van paralelos al suelo y se mueven hacia adelante. Las patas de los dinosaurios no hacían eso. Tenían caderas que permitían a las patas ir debajo de sus cuerpos. Caminaban con patas estiradas debajo de ellos, como las aves de hoy siguen haciendo. Cuando juntas todas estas cosas, se vuelve un poco más fácil averiguar quiénes eran los dinosaurios, y quiénes no eran. Por ejemplo, uno de los impostores más famosos es el Dimetrodon, un género de animales reptilianos que vivió hace unos 300 millones de años. Según su aspecto, estos tipos se ajustan a la exótica concepción popular de dinosaurio (lagartos gigantes con terribles dientes y largas colas que salen de sus espaldas). Si fueran a una audición para Jurassic Park probablemente conseguirían el papel. Pero el dimetrodón vivió cientos de millones de años antes de que aparecieran los dinosaurios y aunque parecían iguanas jorobadas gigantes en realidad están más emparentadas con nosotros que con los dinosaurios. ¡Sip! El dimetrodón es un personaje importante, pero poco conocido, de nuestro árbol familiar. A veces se les describe como "reptiles como mamíferos", pero no son verdaderos reptiles English: even though they laid eggs and were mostly scaly. Instead, they’re synapsids. Unlike diapsids, with the two skull holes on each side, synapsids have only one little window just behind each eye socket. And you have one, too, right here above where your jaw hinges. That’s because you, and all of the other mammals alive today, are the only living synapsids. Critters like Dimetrodon are the distant evolutionary ancestors of us; and in fact its flamboyant back-sail-thing is actually one of the earliest signs of their connection to us. Paleontologists think it was a fleshy flap full of blood vessels that allowed it to regulate its body temperature -- something truly cold-blooded reptiles could never do. And look at how it stands -- its legs are out there on the side, like a crocodile, not underneath, like a T. rex or a stegosaurus. All right then what about the pterosaurs? They could fly, and birds can fly, so pterosaurs must be some kind of dinosaur, right? Nup. Pterosaurs were reptiles that just happened to arrive at the same mode of travel that birds, bats, yellow jackets, and lots of other animals did: flight. Spanish: aunque ponían huevos y la mayoría tenía escamas. En realidad son sinápsidos. Al contrario que los diápsidos con dos agujeros a cada lado, éstos sólo tenían una pequeña ventana justo detrás de cada cavidad ocular. Y tú tienes una también, justo aquí encima de donde se engancha la mandíbula. Eso es porque tú, y todos los otros mamíferos vivos hoy en día, somos los únicos sinápsidos. Criaturas como el dimetrodón son nuestros ancestros evolutivos lejanos y su llamativa espina dorsal es en realidad una de las primeras señales de su conexión con nosotros. Los paleontólogos piensan que era una membrana llena de capilares que le permitían regular su temperatura corporal (algo que los auténticos reptiles de sangre fría jamás podrían hacer). Y ahora mira cómo se tiene en pie. Sus patas están a los lados, como un cocodrilo, no debajo, como un T. rex o stegosaurio. ¿Y entonces qué pasa con el pterosaurio? Podía volar y las aves pueden volar, así que deben de ser algún tipo de dinosaurio ¿verdad? Nop. Los pterosaurios eran reptiles que casualmente desarrollaron el mismo modo de transporte que los pájaros, murciélagos, avispas y otros muchos animales: vuelo. English: Named “winged lizards” in Greek, pterosaurs ruled the skies from 230 to 66 million years ago, and we can tell from their hollow bones and their musculature that they really could fly. The earlier and more primitive, or basal, pterosaurs found in the fossil record had long tails that probably helped them with this new thing called flying. But later pterosaurs with specialized, or derived, features, had much shorter tails, and these are the guys that most of us associate with this group of animals. They’re the pterodactyloids, or “winged fingers,” and since they were the first to be discovered, for a long time, many people mistakenly used the word “pterodactyl” to describe all the flying reptiles. Pteranodon is one of the better-known pterodactyloids, with the tapered wings and crested heads that you’ve probably seen either in museums, or in vintage cartoons -- depending on how you prefer to get your information. And one of the last of the pterosaurs ever to take wing was a truly amazing creature, Quetzalcoatlus, a flying reptile that stood as tall as a giraffe and whose wings spread up to 12 meters. Spanish: Llamados "lagartos alados" en griego, dominaron los cielos desde hace 230 a 66 millones de años y podemos deducir por sus huesos huecos y su musculatura que realmente podían volar. El primer y más primitivo, o basal, fósil de pterosaurio que se ha encontrado tenía una cola larga que probablemente le ayudaba con esta cosa nueva llamada vuelo. Pero pterosaurios posteriores con características especializadas, o derivadas, tenían colas mucho más cortas y estos son los tipos que la mayoría de nosotros asocia con este grupo de animales. Son los pterodactiloides o "dedos alados", y desde que se descubrieron por primera vez durante mucho tiempo, mucha gente ha usado erróneamente la palabra "pterodáctilo" para describir todo tipo de reptil volador. El pteranodon es uno de los pterodactiloides más conocidos con alas puntiagudas y crestas que probablemente hayas visto en museos o en dibujos animados antiguos (dependiendo de cómo prefieras obtener tu información). Y uno de los últimos pterosaurios que existió fue una criatura verdaderamente impresionante el quetzacoatlus, un reptil volador que era tan alto como una jirafa y cuyas alas medían English: Even though it lived 70 million years ago, it remains the largest animal that ever flew. Now, pterosaurs lived alongside -- or rather above -- the dinosaurs, and they’re probably more closely related to the dinosaurs than any of the other animals that are mistaken for them. But they couldn’t walk upright like dinosaurs did, and scientists think that they diverged into their own branch of the reptile family tree, while dinosaurs went on to diversify. So what about the sea? A lot of what is now dry land was once covered with water, and we’ve been finding fossils of aquatic animals for hundreds of years. So aren’t any of those dinosaurs? Let me stop you right there. In addition to the four-holes-in-the-skull thing and the legs-under-its-body thing, we also know that dinosaurs only lived on land. Period. So anything that swam wasn’t a dinosaur. Instead, those marine reptiles were part of an evolutionary offshoot from the dinosaur line, which led to modern lizards. These seafarers actually evolved from land-based reptiles, and you can see it in their sprawling, lizard-like posture. Plesiosaurs, for example, were aquatic animals with tiny heads at the end of really long necks. Spanish: hasta 12 metros. Aunque vivió hace 70 millones de años, sigue siendo uno de los animales voladores más grandes. Ahora, los pterosaurios vivieron junto a ( o encima de) los dinosaurios y probablemente están más relacionados con los dinosaurios que muchos de los otros animales con los que se les confunde. Pero no podían andar derechos, como los dinosaurios, y los científicos piensan que se separaron en su propia rama del árbol familiar reptiliano, mientras que los dinosaurios se diversificaron. ¿Y qué hay del mar? Mucho de lo que hoy es tierra seca solía estar cubierto de agua, y hemos encontrado fósiles de animales acuáticos durante cientos de años. ¿Así que son algunos de ellos dinosaurios? Párate ahí mismo. Además de lo de los cuatro agujeros en el cráneo y lo de las patas debajo del cuerpo, también sabemos que los dinosaurios sólo eran terrestres. Punto. Así que cualquier cosa que nadara, no era un dinosaurio. En su lugar, estos reptiles marinos fueron parte de un brote evolutivo de la línea de los dinosaurios que lleva a los lagartos modernos. Estos animales evolucionaron reptiles terrestres, como puede observase en su postura reptiliana. Los plesiosaurios, por ejemplo, eran animales acuáticos con pequeñas cabezas al final de cuellos English: And with the water to buoy them up, they were able to grow stupendously large -- up to 17 meters long -- and they left behind the bones to prove it. The first fossilized one was found in England in 1821, and scientists at the time didn’t know what to make of it. So they named it Plesiosaurus, meaning “almost lizard.” But plesiosaurs also include the pliosaurs, which were smaller, and had shorter necks and huge, toothy jaws. These guys were the top predators of the ancient oceans, hunting sharks, bony fish, probably even taking out their own kind. But what makes plesiosaurs extra fascinating is that they gave birth to live young, like only a very few snakes and lizards do today, instead of laying eggs. In fact, those fossil plesiosaurs have been found with fetuses still in the womb. And just to remind you how weird ancient reptiles were, and how bad scientists are at naming things, there are also the icthyosaurs. If you remember enough Greek from biology, you probably know their name means “fish lizard,” even though of course they weren’t remotely related to fish. Spanish: muy largos. Y gracias a que el agua los mantenía a flote llegaron a tener cuerpos increíblemente grandes (de hasta 17 metros) y dejaron huesos para probarlo. El primer fósil fue encontrado en Inglaterra en 1821, y los científicos de la época no sabían qué pensar. Así que le llamaron plesiosaurio que significa "casi lagarto". Pero los plesiosaurios también incluían los pliosaurios, más pequeños, con cuellos más cortos y enormes mandíbulas. Estos tipos eran los máximos depredadores del océano. Cazaban tiburones, peces y probablemente a otros de su propia especie. Pero lo que hace al plesiosaurio extra fascinante es que daba a luz a crías vivas, al igual que algunas serpientes y lagartos hacen hoy en vez de poner huevos. De hecho, algunos de esos fósiles de plesiosaurio tenían fetos aún en el vientre. Y para recordarte lo raros que eran los reptiles antiguos y lo mal que se le daba a los científicos poner nombres, también tenemos al ictiosaurio. Si recuerdas suficiente griego de biología, probablemente sepas que signfica "lagarto pez", aunque, por supuesto, no estaban ni remotamente emparentados. Pero al contrario Spanish: que el plesiosaurio (con sus 4 aletas), el ictiosaurio sí parecía un pez. Algunos tenían aletas en sus colas y dorsos, por ejemplo, y grandes aletas pectorales de propulsión. Pero no podían respirar en el agua. Tenían que nadar a la superficie a por aire y también daban a luz a crías vivas. El ictiosaurio compartía los mares con el plesiosaurio y otras criaturas hace unos 250 millones de años. Y probablemente le daba mil vueltas a todos hasta que el último de ellos desapareció abruptamente hace unos 90 millones de años. ¿Así que qué queda? Bueno, en tierra a los dinosaurios les quedan otros 25 millones de años. Así que herbívoros con cuernos como el triceratops pastaban en lo que hoy es el oeste americano; carnívoros de 4 patas rondaban por Madagascar, y saurópodos gigantes hacían temblar la tierra en Argentina. Pero de vuelta al océano, apareció el mosasaurio y básicamente tenía toda la piscina para él solo. Los programas de televisión por cable sobre "monstruos marinos" suelen estar hablando de estas criaturas. Sus descendientes evolutivos más cercanos son las serpientes (con quienes comparten un ancestro English: But unlike plesiosaurs -- with their four giant flippers -- ichthyosaurs did look a lot like fish. Some had vertical fins on their tails and backs, for instance, and larger pectoral fins in front for propulsion. But they couldn’t breathe the water. They had to swim to the surface for air, and they too gave birth to live young. Icthyosaurs shared the seas with plesiosaurs and other marine creatures starting about 250 million years ago. And they probably gave everyone a run for their money, until the last of them vanished abruptly about 90 million years ago. So what’s left? Well, on land, dinosaurs had another good 25 million years left. So horned herbivores like Triceratops were grazing what’s now the American West; four-legged carnivores were prowling Madagascar, and giant sauropods were making the ground shake in Argentina. But back in the ocean, the mosasaurs had arisen, and they pretty much had the pool to themselves. When cable TV does those animated shows about “sea monsters,” these are the creatures they’re often talking about. Their closest evolutionary descendants today are snakes -- with whom they likely share Spanish: común cercano) y, como las serpientes, tenían mandíbulas que se desencajaban y se abrían lo suficiente para poder tragar presas más grandes que sus propias cabezas. Debido a esto, sabemos mucho acerca de lo que comía el mosasaurio, porque seguimos encontrando todo tipo de cosas dentro de sus estómagos fosilizados. Se comían básicamente a todos incluso a animales que reconocemos hoy, como aves marinas, peces, tiburones e incluso se han encontrado esqueletos enteros de mosasaurios dentro de otros mosasaurios. Y aunque tenían una longitud de hasta 17 metros, nadaban como grandes serpientes marinas, realmente enormes y aterradoras serpientes marinas. Así que, ahora que sabes un poco más acerca de estos casos prehistóricos de identidad falsa, puedes ver por qué esas cosas no son dinosaurios. Algunos estaban más relacionados con lagartos, serpientes o incluso mamíferos, que con los animales que tenían las características que hoy asociamos con los dinosaurios. Y luego, claro, todos sabemos la historia: hace 65 millones de años, algo terrible les English: a close common ancestor -- and like snakes they had double-hinged jaws that opened wide enough to let them swallow prey bigger than their own heads. Because of this, we know a lot about what mosasaurs ate, because we keep finding all kinds of stuff inside their fossilized stomachs. And they ate pretty much everybody, including animals we recognize today, like seabirds, bony fish, sharks -- even the whole skeletons of other mosasaurs have been found inside mosasaurs. And even though they reached lengths up to 17 meters, they swam just like really big sea snakes, really big, terrifying sea snakes. So, now that you know a little more about these cases of prehistoric mistaken identity, you can see why those things are not dinosaurs. Some were more closely related to lizards, or snakes, or even mammals, than to the animals with that unique combination of traits that we identify with true dinos. But then of course we all know this story: 65 million years ago, something terrible happened to them. Spanish: sucedió. Los dinosaurios, junto con el pterosaurio, el mosasaurio y el último de los plesiosaurios, se extinquieron muy rápidamente. Se conoce como extinción del cretáceo-paleogeno, y fue la segunda extinción en masa más grande de toda la historia de la Tierra. El qué la causó es una conversación para otro momento, pero por ahora centrémonos en la parte positiva. Las aves (con sus cráneos diápsidos y postura vertical) sobrevivieron, haciendo de ellas los últimos dinosaurios auténticos. Y también sobrevivimos los mamíferos, lo que nos hace los únicos sinápsidos sobre la Tierra. A veces puede ser una carga ser los únicos supervivientes. Parece que lo mínimo que podemos hacer es recordar a los dinosaurios. Y quiero decir que, literalmente, debemos hacer lo que podamos para recordar quiénes eran los dinosaurios y quienes no eran. Gracias por ver este SciShow Infusión, en especial a nuestros suscriptores de Subbable. Para aprender cómo podéis ayudarnos, id a Subbable.com/scishow. Y aseguraos de echar un vistazo a nuestro nuevo canal SciShow Espacio, donde en las próximas semanas exploraremos el borde del sistema solar, el origen de la luna, junto con las noticias relativas al espacio. English: The dinosaurs, along with the pterosaurs, the mosasaurs and the last of the plesiosaurs, very quickly went extinct. It’s known as the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, and it was the second biggest wipe-out in all of the Earth’s history. What we think caused it is a conversation for another time, but for now let’s just focus on the upside! Birds -- with their diapsid skulls and vertical posture -- survived, making them the last of the true dinosaurs. And so did the mammals, which makes us, and our mammalian kin, the only remaining synapsids on Earth. It can be a burden sometimes, being the ones that were left behind. Seems like the least we can do is remember the dinosaurs. And I mean that, like, literally -- let’s do our best to remember who the dinosaurs were, and who they were not. Thanks for watching this SciShow Infusion -- especially to our Subbable subscribers. To learn how you can support us, just go to Subbable.com/scishow. And be sure to check out our new channel SciShow Space, where in the next couple of weeks, we’ll be exploring the edge of the solar system, the origins of the moon, along with the week in Space News. English: If you have questions, you can find us on Facebook and Twitter and as always in the comments below, and if you want to keep getting smarter with us, just go to Youtube.com/scishow and subscribe! Spanish: Si tenéis preguntas, podéis encontrarnos en Facebook y Twitter y como siempre en los comentarios de abajo y si queréis volveros más inteligentes con nosotros, ¡id a youtube.com/scishow y suscribiros!

Nuovo Episodio di Pop Linguistics Oggi un po' PUNK! Dopo il workshop un brunch per concludere al top questo week-end di meeting con un brainstorming? Abbiamo l'impressione che sempre di più delle parole inglesi sono introdotto nella lingus attuale Queste parole si chiamano "anglicismi" Un anglicismo è una parola o una construzione sintattica inglese introdotto nel vocabolario o nella sintassi di un'altra lingua Ma l'introduzione di anglicismi in francese è una tendenza attuale e reale? Verifichiamolo Attraverso Ngram Viewer L'applicazione di Google che permette di osservare la frequenza di una o più parole o gruppi di parole nel tempo e nelle fonti scritte Cerchiamo la parola "week-end" Potete vedere che questa parola non era utilizzata in francese fino al 1920 Comincia ad essere più utilizzata a partire dagli anni Ottanta e raggiunge il picco, in epoca attuale Anche se oggi si contano molti anglicismi A partire del 12esimo secolo tre lingue influenzano il vocabolario francese: l'arabo, l'olandese e l'italiano I primi anglicismi sono apparsi in francese soltanto più tardi a partire del 18esimo secolo e soprattutto a partire della seconda guerra mondiale sotto l'influenza economica e politica dell'inghilterra prima e poi degli USA che iniziano ad essere molto utilizzati Per capire le dimensioni del fenomeno è sufficiente guardare alle cifre Nel 20esimo secolo il numero di anglicismi in francese è triplicati Si contano 600 anglicismi all'inizio del Novecento e quasi 2000 alla fine del secolo Senza renderci conto usiamo molte strutture lessicali e sintattiche che arrivano dall'altra parte della Manica Possiamo classificare gli anglicismi in varie categorie Anglicismo semantico è l'attribuzione a una parola di un'accezione che ha soltanto in inglese esempio Abbiamo l'abitudine di guardare delle serie TV o dei film americani nei quali possiamo sentir dire "vostro onore" quando un personaggio si rivolge a un giudice di un tribunale Si tratta della traduzione dell'inglese "your honor" che corrisponde a "Signore o Signara Giudice" in francese A volte capita di usare il termine "vol domestique" (volo dometisco) per parlare di un viaggio in aereo all'interno di un Paese Questo anglicismo deriva da "domestic flight" In francese dovremo piuttosto usare "vol intérieur" (volo interno) L'anglicismo lessicale è il prestito di parole o espressioni inglesi utilizzate così come sono Qualcuno può chiederci di dargli dei "feedback" riguardo un testo scritto ebbene Feedback è un anglicismo per commento o apprezzamento Qualcuno può dirci di passargli il "toaster" per grigliare il pane ecco, anglicismo! Toaster per "grille-pain" (tosta-pane) L'anglicismo sintattico è il calco di costruzioni sintattiche tipiche della lingua inglese Avete già sentito qualcuno dire (oggi SONO incaricato di dare questo corso) "Je suis en charge de" (tr. SONO in carico) è un aglicismo in francese non diciamo "essere in carico" ma piuttosto "AVERE l'incarico" è un anglicismo calco della costruzione inglese "to be in charge of" Inglese e francese restano due sistemi differenti con delle caratteristiche linguistiche differenti Perciò quando gli anglicismi arrivano in francese si adattano al suo sistema linguistico a livello ortografico Ecco come si scrive "week-end" in inglese e "week-end" in francese e sono adattati anche a livello fonetico e sintattico vi avevo già dato un esempio parlando della parola "dab" Guardate il video se ve lo siete perso! Nonostante tutti questi esempi, il numero di anglicismi in francese resta ridotto, comparato ad altre lingue come l'italiano Nel suo "Dictionary of European Anglicism" del 2001 Gorlach cerca di capire l'influenza che l'inglese ha avuto su 16 lingue europee I risultati delle sue analisi statistiche ha mostrato che il numero di anglicismi stabili nella lingua generale sembra essere sembra essere più elevato in italiano che in altre lingue romanze In quanto Italiana non sono per niente stupita Comparazione : francese vs. italiano La versione elettronica del 2017 del "Petit Robert" dà una lista di 2500 parole di origine inglese contro le 4100 che si contano in italiano Ma come possiamo spiegare questo numero limitato di anglicismi in francese? Jacques Toubon, ministo francese della cultura da Marzo 1993 a Maggio 1995 ha fatto votare una legge che mirava a ... Assicurare la priorità dell'utilizzo di termine francesi tradizionali di fronte all'uso di anglicismi La legge Toubon ha reso obbligatorio l'uso del francese nella pubblicità Così i supporti pubblicitari nei quali appaiono degli slogan o dei testi che utilizzano delle parole inglesi devono essere obbligatoriamente tradotti La traduzione è scritta in piccolo e preceduta da un asterisco Nell'ottica di tale legge L'Academie Française si è vista attribuire un ruolo importante L'Academie Française è un'istituzione create nel 1635 con l'incarico di definire la lingua francese attravreso l'elaborazione del suo dizionario che fissa l'uso del francese Partecipa ai lavori delle commissioni specifiche che propongono in diversi settori delle partole francesi per definire le realtà e le nozioni nuove Ma dopotutto la lingua francese corre davvero dei rischi? è innegabile che il numero di anglicismi è aumentato durante gli ultimi anni ma in parallelo il vocabolario francese si è rinnovato e allargato tra il 1906 e il 1951 c'è una immobilità quasi totale del lessico francese dal 1951 nuovi elementi lessicali sono stati creati per nominare o descrivere nuovi prodotti nuove teconologie o tecniche che arricchiscono la vita quotidiana dei francesi Inoltre il mondo è diventato un "villaggio globale" e altre lingue hanno fornito una grossa quantità di nuovi vocaboli Per esempio le abitudini culinarie dei francesi si sono aperte alle tradizioni culinarie di altri Paesi importando i nomi che descrivono i piatti Per concludere, possiamo dire che il mondo cambia e la lingua insieme a lui si adatta integra nuove parole che vengono da altre lingue Prima era dell'arabo o dell'olandese o dell'italiano oggi è dell'inglese e domani? Boh, chi lo sa Tutto ciò fa della lingua qualcosa di vivo e questo è completamente "POP" Grazie per aver guardato il video Vi invito ad abbonnarvi al canale "Elles comme Linguistes" a mettere like alla pagina FB a seguirci su Twitter a seguirmi su Instagram e consultate l'infobox se volete altre info sugli anglicismi, sui dizionari etc etc E noi ci vediamo nel prossimo video

shox: In dealing with stress, I always like to prepare for it a couple of days before it arrives. I’ve realised that, strangely enough, the older I get, the more to heart I take the matches. There can be phases of stress which make me play worse and unsettle me, so I do what we call cardiac coherence. I invite you to try it if you’re the kind of person who deals with a lot of stress. I invite you to try it if you’re the kind of person who deals with a lot of stress. It’s just an exercise you can do by watching videos on YouTube, that show you how to calm your breathing for 5 minutes, which makes your fast breathing decrease during moments of high stress, and it really helps to deal with the stress. JaCkz: To escape stress, I mean I don’t really have a lot of stress, but I do have one or two techniques: I wash my face with cold water, and in my mind I tell myself that I am a champion, that I’m going to smash them, that I’m in the game, that what I accomplishonline I will accomplish on LAN, etc. that I am a champion, that I’m going to smash them, that I’m in the game, that what I accomplishonline I will accomplish on LAN, etc. They’re little techniques that go on in my head and that help me cope. bodyy: To deal with stress I have my own technique: Sometimes you can see me in a tournament closing my eyes, and just trying to relax, think about nothing, and just focus on myself. Lucky: My method to deal with stress during a tournament, is just to listen to music I like, it gets me in the right mindset. I also try not to think too much about the tournament itself, about the people watching, and to treat the game as a normal game on any day. kennyS: There are several ways to deal with stress, but my favourite one is Netflix. And Chill. Generally we meet at 9AM to have breakfast together. Then at 10:30-11AM we go to the practice room and start to talk about the game, about strategies, any adjustments in regard to the previous day, just a debrief. Then we have lunch at around 1PM. We have two hours to eat and to chat a little. At 3PM, we come back to the practice room and we train for about 4-5 hours until around 7PM. Then we have dinner, we talk, we stay together, and we relax. kennyS: In regard to the AWP, it changes, just as the game does. Things change, evolve… I preferred it when it was faster, obviously, since it was more adequate for me. It took me some time to get used to, but now I don’t feel like it has any particular difficulties, and I appreciate how it is right now. shox: Umm no, regarding JaCkz, I mean, I don’t have any worries. I just look into a mirror and feel great. bodyy: When you become a public figure, you’re a lot more exposed to criticism, and to people watching you, and it suddenly becomes easier to have a strong opinion on what people feel and not necessarily in a positive way, so... You shouldn’t take it personally when you receive criticism, and I don’t. The best thing to do is just to do your best instead of blaming yourself, and try to be better all the time, permanently. kennyS: I’d love to stop coughing, but there are moments where it’s stronger than me. There are reasons for this, some of which are my fault, some are due to the fact that during a certain time of my life I was sick and I was a little too careless with my health, which you definitely shouldn’t do. Take care of yourselves! kennyS: JaCkz is the fastest one. He’s really, really fast, you know. JaCkz: It’s not really comparable because he’s on AWP and I’m on a rifle, but speaking completely objectively I think he’s definitely faster than me, because he just throws it Yeah, he’s just really fast. NiaK: When we talk about synergy, at G2 as well as in general, it’s usually very important to create a team that is coherent. With this roster we’ve been able to see and feel it in game as well as outside of it. What’s special about this team, about this project, is that we have launched a new process by which we have started to think about the game, live the game, talk about the game in a different way, and I’d say there’s this synergy, and this is the difference with past rosters, which is that the synergy revolves a lot more around the game, and I’m very satisfied with this, and we will see what the team can achieve with this new process. kennyS: Regarding metas, we just try to adapt ourselves. We don’t have a favourite one over others, honestly. Obviously some of them require more work, others require less adapting to because it corresponds to what we like, but that’s the good thing about CS, it changes all the time and nothing is fixed. So we have no favourite meta, we just have to learn to adapt each time! bodyy: I think we’re pretty good at adapting to the meta. Right now it’s the AUG meta, and overall it really depends on the positions, and the roles we have. For certain positions, especially ones where you play from far away, the AUG is better than an M4 because having a scope allows you to increase precision from a long distance, and besides, I really like the AUG even on T side so I take it everywhere. shox: I don’t really watch League of Legends but it’s hard to ignore the results they’ve shown this season. Right now they’re 8-0 and showing a really really high level, so even though I don’t follow them regularly, it’s an honour to be in the same team as them. We support them and we’re very proud of them. I think they’re going to go really far. shox: I’m the one who makes the calls most of the time. However, everyone is allowed and welcome to speak up in regard to positions or anything else. All ideas are welcome, and everyone is always engaged in playing as a team as well as playing on an individual level, so when someone suggests something it’s always beneficial, including for me, because it can be hard sometimes to be 100% in the right place. It’s difficult as an in-game leader, so everyone is welcome. kennyS: My favourite pasta is Chinese noodles. bodyy: My favourite pasta is Carbonara! shox: My favourite pasta is Spaghetti Bolognese. JaCkz: I really dig gnocchi with 4 cheese sauce - because I like my pasta with sauce, pasta without sauce is just nothing - and also pasta shells with 4 cheese sauce. I love cheese, and I love pasta.

We're in Chez Emile store in Lyon which is like my favourite record store in Lyon. I've been working with them for a long time for my labels as they've been distributing our records. So, we had like a close relationship for a long time. They are, like, really nice people, really dedicated to sharing great music, s preading the word, and have always being really supportive of the local scene and of me especially. I can say they've always been really supportive of me and my work. So it's a great place. It's a nice place to share a moment and dig records together. So I'm really happy to have you here. I haven't been here for quite a long time, though. So I think I'm going to find a lot of stuff that I've never heard, which is, like, quite exciting, actually. I'm always between a lot of stuff that really attracts me. It can be, like, I must say, I'm always attracted to beautiful covers, which is kind of something you should not say when you're, like, a vinyl digger. I also like when record stores are taking some time to write some ideas about the record. Like, for instance, we can see, electronic, neoclassical, ambient stuff, which sounds good. So, it depends. I think I'm going to go to ambient. I've always loved ambient because I've always loved, like, folk music, and I think it's really related to how ambient, has an effect on you when you listen to it. That kind of, like, really peaceful energy. One day I was in an airport, like, 10 times in 10 days, or something, and I was really feeling tired and feeling, like, touched by everything happening, like not in a really good mood. And one of my friends said, you should really go back to listening to ambient, it we really make everything easier for you to, like, kind of being able to step back from everything that happens. And, so I did, and actually it was maybe the best move I did in the last few months. It really, really helped. My first move is always to find the record that I want to listen at home because I never know if I'm going to play it. So, because I don't know if I'm going to play it, actually, I prefer to buy a record that I know I'm going to love playing it at home a lot. Nowadays, I'm not using anymore samples. I'm way more into, like, recording in studio with live instruments and stuff like that. With vocalists, and writing lyrics and writing melodies. But before I was sampling a lot, and so I was spending a long time to find like the perfect sample of a record that most people didn't know or that nobody knew. It's more like for pure listening, for my pure amusement. Brian Eno, for instance, has been like always like a huge, huge influence. And it's (laughs). And it's called 'Music for Airports', which is absolutely crazy. And I love this record, actually. It's, like, absolutely amazing. This is like this kind of stuff that I'm really happy to find in this situation. Yeah, this is a crazy good record. It's a classic, of course, but it's been really important. It's Yussef Kamaal 'Black Focus'. And, yeah, I've always been in love with jazz, and I've always regretted that it was so far from the youth. I think, since like 40 years, it's been, like, really disconnected from the young people. And I'm really happy to see someone, like a band, being able to bring that back, and to bring youth, like, young people back to jazz music, which is, like, such a freedom music, such an important music, and such a route for a lot of different stuff. Let's say I like Manu Dibango for instance. They ranked it in the jazz section. It's, like, exactly the kind of jazz I'm listening to now. More like African jazz, funk music. I'm really into that right now. There is a lot of good stuff, actually, here. Last time I came they didn't have, like, a big, big Jazz section. But now they really developed it. A lot of good stuff. Yeah, Chet Baker. Miles Davis 'Rubber Band'. It's a classic, John Coltrane. There is a lot of good stuff here. Actually, I kind of discovered jazz music, soul music and funk music through hip hop. Because when I was a teenager, I was really into french hip hop from the 90s. This is perfect to have them next to him because I think they are really close in a lot of minds like mine, for instance. When I started, I was sending all my music to a lot of different labels. Like, not a lot, but the record labels I really loved. I was sending them my demos and no one was answering, actually. And after a few months of being really proud of what I produced and sending it to people that were not listening to it, I was with some friends and I said to them, like, fuck it, let's do it ourselves. And my first actual EP was on the label and it came like crazy. It was my first record kind of breaking through to a wider audience. This is really good. This is a an artist from Lyon who's called LB aka Labat. He's a good friend of mine. And actually he released a track on my label. And he's really talented. He's doing a lot of lives and a lot of hip hop really, really good artist. I never heard about that record, so I'm really excited to listen to it, actually. This is exactly the kind of stuff that I love to pick when I'm a record digging like some old-School African stuff that I have no idea about. And like, for instance, this is a record that is called basically like 'singings and music from Kurdistan'. And I have no idea what's on it, but it's always really exciting because you can find something absolutely crazy on it. I already "digged" some like old-School Indian stuff or even like Library music about, like, I don't know, sounds from the street in Cairo or something like that. And you never know, sometimes the full record is uninteresting to you, but sometimes you can find like one song that's gonna stick to you forever. And that's going to be really important to you because you know that it's on the record that no one wants to listen to, actually. In a lot of the records I have, I'm not crazy about all the tracks, but if there is like one or two tracks that I really like, it's way enough for me to be able to buy it because I know it's going to be worth it to just listen to that one song. Okay. I'm in the Afro/Disco/Funk section. So this is kind of like my section, I would say. This is the section where I could bring any record, I could pick any records. And actually I almost did. So this is really perfect. Oh, OK. So this is my second album, actually. Same. It was not set-up. But I was really happy actually they distributed it. So I think it's pretty fair that they still have one. And I think it's maybe the last copy in the world to buy because it's been sold out for so long now. And this is a record from my label. This is exactly what I want to do on my label. This is a record that I'm extremely proud of. It's from an artist called Tochigi Canopy he has been like a friend of mine for ten years or something. And when he sent me, he sent me these tracks, he's some guy that's always working countless hours on every song. He takes so much time to just find this synth sound or something like that. And we made it a beautiful cover that is, like, properly. He took the pictures. It's amazing. This is a really good record. You know, there is a lot of really good French artists here. Lot of good artists from France. The scene in France is really interesting, actually. Right now, there is so many artists in every city. It's really beautiful to see. And I hope they're going to have the recognition they deserve. When I discovered house music, I instantly fell in love with Theo Parrish, who sticked to me, and is still like, 10 years later, he's still my favorite DJ in the world. This is a record label I really loved when I discovered house music, Mr. Saturday Night. There was a lot of really, really interesting records from a lot of artists. When I dig, I like to keep open minded and to just listen to everything. I can feel I'm going to like or I can feel something is interesting in it, even though it's not what I'm listening exactly at that moment. It's not that important. If I'm properly honest, the feeling I have when I dig records is a great, great feeling of like joy and excitement. But I truly have exactly that same feeling when I'm digging records online. You know, when I'm listening to like a thousand videos on YouTube or when I'm digging through Discogs and when I'm even on Spotify just scrolling and putting on random and just trying to find new stuff. What I like in records is obviously the fact that I don't decide what's going on. kind of. I'm kind of like driven by someone else's mind and I'm just going through what he picked, and it brings something new to me. So sometimes I think when I'm digging actual records, I'm always discovering some stuff that I would have never had in another way. Leo is running the record store, gave me some stuff, some really excited to listen to that. This is something that makes it really important to have record stores, for me. It's that social aspect and that exchange aspect about like having someone else that can know your taste and you can give him a few references and he's able to know from all these records, like, "This stuff you're going to really like", which is a great thing. And I've always enjoyed that: Going to a record store and just being like, "What do you think? Do you have some records that I'm going to go crazy about?" That's one of my favourite records. Simon - I don't know how you say that actually in English, but that's absolutely crazy. I didn't know it's been reissued, but it's really good. In my first first first records, a bought, like, Al Hudson 'Happy Feet'. It's like classic record. I think we are like maybe 10,000 or 20,000 in the world to have that record. It's like a big, big record, but it's a classic. And there is so many great songs. And I think like Al Hudson and, like, there is also Cameo here. And Ashford and Simpson, they are kind of like the first records you find out when you start digging through soul and disco music because there were like big hits. And in Europe you can find them in a lot of different places. Like, Al Hudson's album and stuff like that. This is a record, I picked that I was talking about like a like 'Singings and Music from Kurdistan'. This is exactly the kind of record that I love digging in record labels because there is like millions of these like library, traditional music records, and you never know, like, it's really... It can be absolutely trash and it can be pure treasure. And sometimes you can find something that is really it's great for sampling or it's great for inspiration because it's usually really soft in terms of instrumentals like it's only a few instruments usually. Sometimes it's only parts. I have like maybe 20 records, where it's, only parts of different like countries and traditions. And it's really, really good. I love doing that. It's really great. Yeah, yeah, I love that kind of stuff. And it's so it's so nice to listen to these records because it's really hard to remember them really well because it's so deconstructed. And it sounds like a jam, you know, in a lot of ways. And sometimes it's like 30 minutes of like different instruments doing solos. So it's like always when you listen to each, you always, like, find something new, you always discover a new moment that you missed or it's like really interesting. I love doing that. And this is what I like about having a record store where you feel comfortable, you know, you can take your time. As we said before, you can ask. You can ask stuff because you feel comfortable about asking to people working here about what you want, what you're looking for, their opinion about stuff, too, because this is a thing, I think in a lot of record stores. You don't have like a proper confidant to listen to records. There is like sometimes there is like one turntable and like 20 people in the store and everyone is lining up like queuing to wait to do it. And you don't feel good. You know, you know, you're... Like sometimes as there is even rules like take only three records and stuff, which doesn't make it really spontaneous. And really, it doesn't push you to discover new things. You go directly to something, like... I can feel that's going to be okay so I'm going for that. Which for instance, today I tried to not do that. I tried to pick a lot of stuff that I have no idea what I'm going to find. And it's a great feeling. But I can do it because there is good conditions to do it, which is not always the case, I must say. Yeah. So this is an artist I really like called Charly Kingson. It's really good. It's like old school, African disco, funk music. Seems like this is kind of a safe pick for me. I know I'm going to like it, you know? Oh, that's really good. I like that. That's nice. Let's listen to the other side. Yeah, I know this one. I'm playing it actually a lot. 'Nimele Bolo', yeah. This is exactly the kind of stuff I'm playing these days, so that's really good. Yeah, I like that. It's really good. I think like on the first ten seconds know if I'm going to pick it. If I'm going to find something that I like. But like right now I'm going through a bit quick because I already know the records or for instance, there is so much that I want to listen to, but usually I'm taking more time. First, I'm listening to every track like pretty quickly in like 30 seconds. And after that I go back to the thing I loved and I'm making sure that I really, really like it. This is something I really like. It's like a really good label of re-issuing, like kind of like synthy, like synthy funk from Africa. And it's really good. And I never know what to expect because the records are usually really, really unknown before being reissued. Yeah, it's good. OK. The guy is just he's just coming back man he just wants to be on the video. That's all. No. That's nice. A bit bubble gum. That kind of stuff. I like that. I like that... Kind of avant-garde, I would say. Because I think the first record, oh, no, it was not, that old. It was '93. So that's OK for that kind of sound, but it was really nice. So this is like this is the artist I was talking about from Lyon, LB aka Labat. Yeah I've released something by him on my label and he's like really, really good. I think he's one of the next big... Next big thing from the French scene. He's absolutely amazing. I'm going to play this. Actually, this is a featuring between him and an artist from Lyon called Patchworks, which is amazing and he's kind of like one of the legends from the city. He's been here forever. And he has another project called Voilaaa. And I've been closing my set a lot with 'Spies Are Watching Me', which is like a beautiful track from his album. It's kind of like a cover of the track from Police'Every Breath You Take'. It's another version of it, but he changes the lyrics. He re-recorded every instrument. So it makes it completely different and he's a great, great artist. This is really good. This is another French artist that I really respect. He's called Onra he's an old school beat maker, I would say, in the first place . But he= is more than just making beats. He has that like G-funk sound from from early 90s. Kind of. And it's really, really good. And it always sounds so particular. His sound is always really messy but beautiful. Yeah. I love that kind of stuff. This is love music. I love that. So this is the kind of stuff that I usually look for when I'm digging records for music that I'm going to play. I go more in to like Balearic, Italo disco and funk/soul. But when I go to a record store, I like to check like the edits label because you never know what you're going to find. You never know. So. Let's try the second track. That's actually really nice Ok. Ok. I don't quite understand what this record is. It's too much for me. I started actually playing drums when I was like eight or something and I did that for years and now, like, I forgot about that memory and a few months ago I was talking with a friend and we talked about that and I was like, "That's true! I was really doing that. That was crazy". And so that was my first my very first thing, too, to vinyl. So it was a big record that was sold like crazy. You know, David Bowie stuff. And and just trying to follow the rhythm, trying to reproduce the drums, breaks and stuff like that. It really helped when I was younger. I stopped doing it when I started learning bass and guitar, and I was more involved in having like bands and doing covers and stuff like that. But when I was alone, like really young, it was a really great way to to actually learn. Exactly the stuff I love finding Woah. I loved that. I love that kind of stuff like this reminds me of like Archie Bell & The Drells and stuff like that, like really slow soul music where like the vocals is like hitting you inside at some point. I really, really like that. This is the kind of music I listen to, like every time, every day. So this is a band I was talking about, Cotonete. The Parisian band that I really like. And this is a song that is absolutely beautiful. It's called 'Layla' and it's golden. It's so nice. I love that song. It's so beautiful. And it's their first record! It's always really surprising. Their first album. It's always surprising when you listen to the first album of a project and it's already so mature, you know, and this is a really mature project. You can feel like all the musicians have gone a long way to be able to write that record. I really, really like it. So, yeah, I picked this record too, which is like, You can see right from the cover that it's library music. That's like library music is music that was made and that is still made, but it's pretty rare now, it's like music made for background music. It can be like documentary's back or it can be like even elevator music, in a way. Library music can be a lot, and back then, it was made by amazing songwriters. Properly talented composers. For sampling it's really nice. And you can hear like even for yourself, it's like the most simple stuff. Usually it's like only one instrument. Like, it's perfect. And actually, I have a Dexter Wansel library music record where it's only him playing piano on the two sides. Different kind of pianos like synth and Moog and stuff like that. And I have this record, which is like my most expensive record. It'd been given to me by a friend in the US after a gig as a gift, and it was beautiful. And I still listen to it a lot and it's just like one instrument, which I love, when the simplicity of it makes it beautiful. Oh, there is Gigi Masin. So, I can't really read because it's written in Japanese, but there is written Gigi Masin and Gigi Masin is like one of the very, very best contemporary pianists that's open enough to play in our scene and to do stuff our scene. That's a great that's a really good pick. Wow that's good. I love that. That sounds like library music in there. I love that. So this is a perfect example of why it's great to have like that social aspect in going record digging. You can't have that on Discogs. You know, you just have to have people and develop a relationship and know each other and being able to, like, trust them in what they advise you. Because this is really good. One of the best records we listened to today for sure. I'm just going to check the other side. Yeah, I love that. That's perfect. It was a great, great record, too, and that listening session for sure. You catch me here at Melting Point, which was actually my first record shop where I've been record shopping back in the days. Every Wednesday, when the new records came, there was always the superstar DJs coming in at lunchtime and when they had their records, then people like me were allowed to look into it. Down under the normal things you find interesting stuff. Crazy. Dubplates have a very special, special smell. It's actually quite sexy. Just forget about yourself and spend hours in a record shop.

Aidez-nous à aller sur Mars Holà! Je m'appelle Arnau Pons, je viens de Barcelone en Espagne. * présentation en Slovaque * Je m'appelle Michaela Musilova et je viens de Slovaquie. Shalom! Je suis Roy et je viens d'Israel. Bonjour à tous Je suis Idriss Sisaid et je viens de France. Bonjour. Je suis Richard et je viens d'Australie. * présentation en Irlandais * Je m'appelle Niamh et je viens d'Irlande. je fais partie de l'équipe qui ira vers la Station de Recherche en Desert Martien: l'expedition 173. Nous suivrons une simulation de mission martienne en Janvier 2017. Je suis étudiant en géologie et en sciences planétaires. Je suis une artiste et j'aime tous ce qui touche à l'espace. En particulier, combiner l'aspect humain du spatial à mon travail. Je suis doctorant en Aéronautique et en Astronautique à l'Université de Purdue (USA) Je suis en master, et j'étudie l'astrobiologie. Je suis astrobiologiste, et je suis aussi la présidente de l'agence slovaque pour les activités spatiales, SOSA. Je suis ingénieur en génie mécanique et entrepreneur. Je mène une startup sur un nouveau concept de générateurs solaires s'inspirant de l'industrie spatiale. Nous avons tous deux points en communs: Une passion pour l'espace et l'Université Internationale sur l'Espace avec son programme annuel d'études spatiales. Je suis convaincu qu'un jour nous pourrons marcher sur la planète rouge Je suis aussi convaincu qu'un jour nous serons capables d'y vivre de manière permanente. Et quand cela arrivera, ça ne sera pas le résultat des efforts d'un seul pays mais une combinaison d'efforts de gens venant du monde entier. Et c'est ce que nous voulons aussi montrer avec l'expedition PRIMA. Je serai la commandante de l'équipage pour l'expedition PRIMA ou expedition 173 Nous serons à la Station de Recherche en Desert Martien du 14 Janvier au 29 Janvier 2017 dans le Désert de l'Utah (USA) Construite dans le ouest américain dans les années 2000, la station est généralement habitée par de petites équipes qui se rendent sur place pour de petites durées et pour y effectuer des recherches scientifiques. Quand nous y serons, nous travaillerons sur un certain nombre de d'objectifs de mission importants. Nous avons besoin de lever 15000€ et nous avons besoin de votre aide et votre soutien Cela inclut les coûts d'équipement de nourriture, dont nous avons besoin pour compléter notre mission et inclut aussi le transport pour aller à MDRS. Nous voulons VOUS emmener en voyage à MDRS. Nous proposons quelques offres pour nous sponsoriser et pour recevoir des prix en retour. Vous pouvez donner ce que vous voulez sur notre site internet marsmission173.com Abonnez-vous à notre chaine youtube Team Prima où nous posterons nos videos sur nos prochaines missions, des deux prochains mois. Nous poursuivons notre rêve et nous voulons vous aider à trouver le votre Rejoignez-nous pour notre mission et aidez-nous à aller sur Mars ! Ad Astra ! Ad Astra tout le monde, de la part de l'équipage PRIMA.

The year was 1942 sparked by the Second World War President Roosevelt looked to the scientific community to aid in the war effort Milislav Demerec director of Cold Spring Harbor began work on a way to boost penicillin production at a time when global supplies were only enough to treat 10 people he exposed penicillium mold to x-rays and when he did it caused mutations that made the mold spores reproduce at incredibly high rates this discovery allowed penicillin to be mass-produced which increased the survival rates of injured soldiers on the front lines and brought attention to the importance of scientific research which led the U.S. to underwrite research efforts during war and peace time and set the stage for America's world leadership in science and technology since 1945.

English: Medic: Archimedes, no! Medic: It's filthy in there. Archimedes: Yea so what? Archimedes: That doesn't stop you from diggin' around inside corpses ya fuckin' weirdo. Medic: Yaa but I wear gloves sometimes at least- Medic: und watch your mouth Archimedes! Medic: So help me I will wash your beak out with soap again! Archimedes: N'eah whatever, Archimedes: I'm eatin' this guy's gallbladder. Fuck you. Medic: Noooo! I still need zat, Archimedes don't! Medic: Ahh... aaughhhhf. Medic: Archimedes! It's time for bed! Come join your brothers! Archimedes: Fuck you, it's eight o'clock. Medic: Archimedes... if you want head pats you will go to bed now! Archimedes: RRReahhhhhh.... Archimedes: fine... Archimedes: You're lucky you give good head pats. Archimedes: Also, can I have some extra bedtime millet? Medic: Yaaaaaaaaa! Medic: Of course you can Archimedes, now fly down bitte. Archimedes: III'm comin', I'm comin'... Archimedes: *grumbles* ar-fricken'... lovely doctor. Archimedes: Dat guy's a fricken' asshole and you should fuckin' kill em'... Archimedes: j'st sayin'. Medic: *soft voice, evil tone* Hmmmhhh... Medic: nyesss Archimedes... Medic: I couldn't agree more. Korean: 메딕:아르키메데스, 안돼! 메딕: 거기 더럽단 말이야. 아르키메데스: 그래서 어쩌라고 아르키메데스: 니도 시체 뒤지고 다니잖아 이 미친놈아 메딕: 그래도 나는 가끔씩 장갑이라도 쓰잖아- 메딕: 그리고 입 조심해 아르키메데스! 메딕: 내가 맹새하는데, 또 니 부리 비누로 씻어버린다! 아르키메데스: 으으에 어쩌라고 아르키메데스: 난 이인간 쓸개 먹을거야, 꺼져 메딕: 안되에! 나 그거 아직 필요하단 말이야, 아르키메데스 하지마! 메딕: 어어... 아아윽... 메딕: 아르키메데스! 잘시간이야! 니 형제들한테 빨리 오렴! 아르키메데스: 씨발, 아직 여덟시밖에 안됬는데 메딕: 아르키메데스... 머리 토닥임 받고 싶으면 지금 당장 자러 가! 아르키메데스: 으아아아아악... 아르키메데스: 알았어... 아르키메데스: 머리 잘 토닥여줘서 운 좋은 줄 알아 아르키메데스: 그리고 나 자기전에 모이 좀 더 먹어도 될까? 메딕: 으으응! 메딕: 당연하지 아르키메데스, 이제 빨리 내려와. 아르키메데스: 가고 있어, 가고 있어... 아르키메데스: 으윽.. 젠장... 사랑스러운 의사야. 아르키메데스: 야 그놈 개쌔끼야, 걍 죽여버려 씨발... 아르키메데스: 걍 말하는거야 메딕: *순한 목소리, 사악한 분위기로* 흐음.... 메딕: 그래에 아르키메데스... 메딕: 두말하면 잔소리구나.

(light upbeat music) - As you can see, I have no bangs, right? You are about to be mind-blown. What I've done is I prepped my bangs. Hi, how are you doing? With some clip-ins. What's your name? So they just have some combs on there. I'm just going to put this all in a high ponytail. Try to get this ponytail up as high as I can. (laughs) Ding (laughs). Okay, so my ponytail is up really high kind of like at the top of my head or the crown of my head. I'm gonna add some curl cream to the back of my hair. Just to kind of slick it down in the back so it's nice and slick! It's nice and smooth! Now I'm gonna add my bangs that I've put little clips on, right in the front like so. Oh, look at that! Haunty! Haunty! Slay! This looks good but I wanna add thickness to it so I'll just add another clip-in like so. Just gonna put that right on top of the other one. And there you have it, bangs! Without the commitment. (light upbeat music) - We're gonna take this synthetic braid. You can get it at your local beauty supply, it's normally about three to $4. - I mean, come on! - And you just need one. And it comes out of the pack like this with the rubber band attached to it. And guess what? We're gonna use that to help us with the hairstyle. - Yup! - Take this rubber band and tie it around. - So it stays on, right? - So that it stays on. - So when I'm whipping my hair back and forth, it doesn't fall off. (laughing) Could you imagine? Oh my gosh, that'll be so embarrassing. You're like on the dance floor, grooving, and then all of a sudden, your hair falls off, wow! That's pretty embarrassing. - I'm gonna take my curl enhancing spray, wet it down a little. This is just to soften the curl some so I can have a little more control when I start the hairstyle. And I just run my fingers through. Then we're gonna bring this over, take a piece of the hair. You can take the hair from anywhere, take a small section and just leave this part hanging out 'cause you're gonna use that to finish-- - Do I hold it? - Yeah. Or you can leave it, you don't have to hold it. - Oh yes, hair, glorious hair. - I've separated the hair to three sections. And then I'm gonna take her hair underneath, separate it into three sections with this hair. I'm going to loosely braid the braid down and see how this hair is covering her hair underneath? And I just keep directing the hair over hers as I'm braiding down. - [Tia] And this is so like quick and fast. - I've come to the end, I've tied it off with my rubber band and I kinda like the way this looks at the end, it looks really natural. - Yeah. - And then, you can pull the braid apart a little like this. - Give it a little style, personality. - Now for the piece that I left out, I'm just gonna take it and wrap it around to kinda hide the rubber band and this little extension part that I've connected to our ponytail. And the little end piece, I take it, I tuck it, get a bobby pin, slidewayed, it's not heavy, it's cute. (laughing) And you know what? Sometimes you may get tired of it hanging down or you're going to bed for the evening, you can take it, and wrap it around. It's just the hair that keeps on giving. (laughing) - So what's happening now is Kendra, that's Kendra. Kendra! She's like the queen of braids. I'm telling you, she is the bomb.com! She's putting it into two ponytails and she's gonna add synthetic hair. Here are my ponytails and now we're gonna put in the synthetic hair and braid it. Long, beautiful hair. I absolutely love braids. It protects my hair from the heat and at the same time, it's stylish and fashionable, and trendy. This girl can braid. (laughing) Kendra just wraps some synthetic hair around my ponytail, should I say, just to make it really nice and neat. Ah, this is so cool, look at this, fabulous. A lot of the times, you can just put conditioner in your hair and just kind of braid it up, your hair is being conditioned at the same time. Sometimes you don't necessarily always have to do your hair 'cause these braids can last a while. Synthetic hair it's lots of fun, it's very versatile, you can do so many things with it, and not only that, it's inexpensive. Ah! This is just a fun, comfortable, casual look. What Kendra is doing is she's just taking the braids and she's just putting it into a bun, how simple and easy? But it's so cute! One thing that's cool about this hairstyle is the braids when twisted, they look very festive. I would totally rock this hairstyle at a cocktail holiday party with a really cute dress. Don't I always ask you about doing a halo braid? - Yes, all the time. - I love halo braids! They're just so easy. So what Kendra is doing right now, she just kind of criss-crossed them in the back and then she's just gonna bring them across the top of my head. I don't know, for some reason, this just makes me feel so feminine. (laughs) Also, angels have halos. I would consider myself an angel. She's putting on these really cool jewels that you can get it in any hair supply store, right? - Yes. - And they're cheap! (laughing) I love this hairstyle mainly because it's so easy. I mean, look at how easy that was. You just had two braids, you criss-cross them in the back and you just put them across on the top of your head and it looks like you actually went to the salon to get your hair done. (upbeat music) My wig! (laughing) So, Kendra, and Kim, what all of these products are, they're the ones that introduced me to wigs. - And what we have here is a human hair wig. So it's 100% human hair. - It's gorgeous. Darling, and you know, I name all of my wigs. Don't I? - Don't you, where did she go? - I think she's Sasha. - Sasha. - Sasha. She's just very flirty. And see, she has highlights in here too so I don't have to color my own hair. - Yes, and we picked a texture that's close to Tia's texture so you know, it can look real. And the head, I got at a local beauty supply, the little holder that clamps on to the table, I got it at a local beauty supply so all of this is cost effective. But the human hair will cost you a little bit more, but what you pay for that one time, it'll last you if you take care of it like your hair-- - Forever, forever. - Forever. If you have a few, 'cause some people collect them-- - Like I do. - You just pack 'em away like your favorite sweater or your favorite dress, pack it away, put it up, pull it out when you wanna use it again. - I cannot believe I'm giving away my secrets away right now, Kendra. Oh my gosh, but see, that's why I love you guys. - You can't just put it over Tia's head like this 'cause it won't work, it'll sit on the top of the head like a hat and you'll know that it's not her hair. So we're gonna put her back. Stay right here for me, Sasha. - [Tia] Yes, don't move. - So we're gonna go to Tia. Part her hair down the middle. This is really quick. Some people wear the wig permanently, meaning that they don't take it off at night, they permanently keep it on. So we have different base patterns that we do underneath to hold the hair down while we secure the wig. So I'm parting down the middle and I'm gonna get my clips to get a little control. Now we have different versions of how we would apply the wig. Some people use glue, some people use more intricate braiding, and they sew the wig on. We're gonna use clip-ins. So we're gonna take Tia's edge and we're parting this little bit out so it has more of a natural feel to it. 'Cause we're not gluing it down. - Yes, we're not gluing it down and then when I put on the wig, we can blend my hair in over the lace of the wig. That's what makes it look so natural. Your natural hair, it's not getting damaged, it gets healthy, right? - Yes, it gets healthy. And right now, I've sectioned a small thin layer of her hairline. As Tia said, it's gonna blend into her hair but right behind that part that I've sectioned out, I sectioned out another row of hair. And what I'm creating now it's what's called an anchor braid. This is where I'll take the clip-in, slide it underneath and with the anchor braid, it keeps the wig from sliding back. - Yes. - The hair is prepped, it's ready to go. We have this tan-ish stocking cap. Not only does it protect the hair, it also creates a scalp illusion for under the wig. - Yes, like that is like an awesome tip because these come in all different shades and colors, right? - Yes. - And when you use this tan color, it matches the color of your skin, your scalp. - Your scalp. - So when you put the wig on, you'll see this cool kind of illusion but it's a great tip. - Time for Sasha! (laughing) Show time! - Show time. - So remember we talked about the hair clips, the same way as we made our clip-on bangs, we've made a clip-on wig. - And you're gonna clip it on to the anchor braid, right? - Yes. - Okay. - Make sure it fits all the way around down the bottom. We've clipped on the wig, taking your edges by making sure they blend in. I'm gonna use a little hair gel, kinda lay it down to blend in. Tia's ready to go! - These are some of my great extension looks. But I wanna see these looks on you guys so make sure you tag my Instagram page, Tia Mowry's Quick Fix and also, make sure you subscribe. I'll see you next week, bye guys. - Bye!

- The whole E-bike scene has changed massively over the last couple of years. The riders, the bikes is all seeing massive change. Got riders coming from downhill, got riders coming from cross-country, they're all embracing the E-bike love. Well we're here today at Revolution Bike Park to meet up with one of the heavy hitters and really push the limits of E-bikes. (rock music) So this is one man that does truly push the limits of E-mountain biking, this is Adam Brayton. - How you doing Chris alright? - Yeah, am good, mate. You all right? - Yeah, good. - Wow, that is a stunning looking machine, what is this then? - This is my Vitus E-Sommet and it's obviously had a bit of love, we've got some serious mods on it And so yeah she goes well. - Yeah, what motor is that on there, the E8000? - Yeah, she's 500 watt battery I think. - Yeah. - And don't get too specific on me, but yeah, no it goes, it goes up hill all right and comes down just as good. - Been loving it recently then. So you up for a epic day here at Revolution Bike Park? - Yeah I'm itching to get stuck in. - Reckon we can push the limits? - Yeah. - Let's get into it. - Go and find out (rock music) - So that was a little bit different then Brayton all the, you know climbing done you'd usually be sat in that sweaty up lift, right? - Yeah, normally getting squished by some big fella and yeah waiting to get my bike off that trailer so yeah, I tell you what, I'm so fresh still. - Good warm up though, isn't it getting the muscles going? What trail do you fancy then as a bit of a warm up? - I'll tell you what, every time I come here, I like to warm up on the Red Trail. - Yeah. - So do you fancy dropping in there? - That sounds good to me. - All right, let's have it. - Do it. (upbeat music) - Whoop. - Oh my God all over stuff, so good. - Yes mate. - That so change when you ride, that speed of a thing. So you must have loads of bikes in your lineup, I mean you've got downhill bikes, jump bikes and obviously the E-bike, what does that bike do for you that the others don't? - Yeah, I mean obviously I'm very fortunate I've got a lot of bikes in the shed and I'll tell you what this time of the year obviously we're training really hard and you know you get back from the gym early morning and probably the last thing you want to do to be honest with you is go for a bike ride and this just gives you the opportunity to get out there. - [Chris] Gives you a bit more inspiration to get out there. - [Adam] Absolutely and and the other thing living in the Lake District, it's tough to access a lot of stuff so this you know. - [Chris] So you're going out more like what, cross-country kind of rides or finding new trails, building? - I'd say, I mean, I'll call it big mountain I guess. - Big mountain. - As far as the lakes go we have got some good hills. - Yeah, I've seen some. - [Adam] Yeah, it's absolutely ideal for that kind of stuff and you know couple of hours and you're done. - [Chris] Yeah. - [Adam] And you've probably done a 15 minute downhill so what's not to love? - [Chris] So do you use this for training for downhill as well, we all know they're pretty capable down the hill as well. Do you find it crosses over pretty well with the speed and stuff? - Massively, obviously in the UK obviously there's no big downhill courses as such. - Yeah. - You know to compare to the World Cup so I can go to the top of some big fells and you know really load the arms up because this thing you know obviously a bit heavier, you know a bit harder to control. - [Chris] Yeah. - [Adam] And you know I get that same fatigue that I would on a downhill race from. - Exactly, yeah, yeah. I've seen guys like Gwin and stuff have been doing some of their practice runs, their sighting runs on E-bikes and just lapping sections, is that something? - Yeah, like another thing in races for me is if I don't want to go on the gondola to walk the track I can easily just nip on this. - Right. - Go halfway, for (mumbles) there's a fire road pretty much halfway. - Right. - Woods are always a nightmare, I can jump on this thing go and check out the woods and be back down in half an hour and my legs are still fresh. - Sounds perfect. - It's ideal. - Right are you ready to spread those wings then? I think it's about time we hit the Vision Line. - Not really I'll be honest with you, I've never been down this, I don't know if you believe me or not, but. - Really? Are you a bit worried about how that bikes going to jump or have you jumped it on big stuff like this? - Yeah no, I've done some jumps, but yeah obviously super stable so and I'm in good hands, aren't I? - Hopefully we shall see, but I think you should be good. I mean the weight of the bike pushing in to those take off and you get loads of (mumbles), the rolling speed, the grip is insane so I think you going to have no problems. - All right, let's go find out. (upbeat music) - Yeah, man! (upbeat music) That was insane hey? - So good. - How did you find that? - Hey, Vision Line, completed it. - I can't believe you've never even ridden this line and there you are like second run down, I think, completed the whole thing. - Yeah you know when I come here and there's always tons of kids and I just feel too much pressure to deliver so I think, you know what I'll give it a miss. - How was the E-bike through that? - E-bike was unreal, that must be a first, first time through Vision and on an E-bike. - Exactly and getting back to the top so easy right? - Super easy. - Just sat on that fire road, cruise all the way up. - It was unreal. - Fancy a change of scene? - Yeah, I think it's time we went to my side of the woods, what do you think? - Some tech downhill? - Let's do it. Here we go Chris, we've made it. - This looks pretty interesting. This is Ffar Side, this is my favorite track here. - So this says Pro Line so I'm guessing this is pretty comparable to like a World Cup downhill track, right? - Yeah, it's pretty intense, it's super fast, 'cause you know, it's relentless, there's no chilling down here. - So have you ridden your E-bike down here, this is something you'd normally do on a 200mm travel downhill bike, I'm guessing? - Yeah, this one's got 200mm front and rear and obviously this is only 160, so yeah, it's going to be interesting. We'll see how she handles it. - I'm sure she'll be fine, right. - Let's find out. - You lead the way boss. - Come on then. (upbeat music) (laughing) (upbeat music) - Bloody hell, I swear he was just there. - Whoa, that was absolutely insane how fast you were going down that tech section, I mean I just slipped on that root at the top, put my foot down, stalled for a second blink of an eye you were gone. - Game over, hey? - Yeah, how was that compared to the downhill bike down that section? - I had to be patient. - You had to be patient? - That was the best way to describe it, I just felt like you just couldn't quite, you know you were 110 but don't get me wrong it was still bloody good. - Pretty rapid, yeah, it looked amazing to me. I mean, do you think if you were on a bigger bike, maybe a 200mm travel bike that would have been a bit more capable? - Yeah, I think definitely yeah, you know, obviously it's an extra 20mm, 40mm whatever you know it's going to make a hell of a difference. - Yeah, definitely, but you were absolutely flat and I cannot understand how you go that fast on that bike down that stuff, insane, nice work. - Cheers Chris. - Well that was an absolutely insane day on the hills so good to ride with you Brayton and I think I was definitely pushing my limits on some of that downhill stuff. It's absolutely crazy. - Yeah well, the shoe was on the other foot once we entered Vision wasn't it? You know, I rode it before. - Yeah. - And you were so comfortable through it, it was awesome to watch. - No so good, you know you're throwing down the style as well, so you know insane but again going back to that downhill, the Far Side Trail, that was kind of like a World Cup downhill track and to see you on that on that thing was absolutely mind blowing, I think you know I made one mistake and you had literally gone. - And it was definitely different on this when you kind of had to bully the bike a bit more but I tell you what, it was a lot of fun. Yeah, yeah definitely. Well I think we've definitely both pushed the limits you on the Vision, me on the downhill stuff, but let us know down in the comments about who was pushing the limits more, was it me or was it Brayton? But it has been an epic day out here at Revolution. But if you want to check out another video with Adam Brayton, check him out on the Epic Ride with Steve and the Lake District, pushing a big one out there Adam, wasn't it a huge ride? - It was a big one, I've still not recovered. - Give us a thumbs up if you enjoyed it as I say drop us some comments in the box below. And don't forget to hit the globe in the middle to subscribe to EMBN, cheers.

Being back at this table makes me sweat it does the meat sweat. Yeah Yeah, honestly, my right armpit is sweating out of control because guess what what it is bah I wasn't so hungry for the last few months. Why have you not eaten? I do not have money. Wow. That's a whole other story Today we're gonna talk about a bunch of people who do have money Most famous youtubers in the world and what their favorite foods are let's do it It's a snack everyone Oh sisters now I've ever seen a sister snack. This is it this is James Strauss's Do you put the like ' after it? Yes, yeah James favorite Starbucks Drink, it's the pink tree. What is it? What's in here? What's do you I always get like really concerned and worried when they're like, oh I love red drinks or like I love drinking like purple drinks or green drinks are like whatever. What is this? What's in here strawberry? I'll say you were fresher, but it's made with coconut milk instead of water Oh Mister made this famous sister makes everything famous. It really does I just really respect him so much anything sister touches turns into sisters Silver not even it over. So that's good. I'm gonna save the tert the Turtles Oh, oh my gosh. You're so smart I should bring my musical drawer. You know, I'm on a turtle saving mission these day. I know I feel guilty and sure Sorry think I'll give you half my straw. Okay? Whoa, this is sister strong. It is so good. It is so sweet. It's like a melted pulp so cute I know but it's a lot. I need this to be like diluted. This is very sweet sister. Jewel Oh, of course I've changed that much. This is really good. It tastes like, you know, I'm Special K when you have like that's your strawberries Yeah I was actually going to say these are like the Special K strawberries but better because they're not like Oddly chewy and this is made with coconut milk, which I feel like it's more healthy I have no concept of whether or not that's true. I'll believe it. No, this tastes very very unhealthy It tastes like a lollipop. Do you know what this reminds me? I'm actually remember the time that Tyler and Korey came on this show Oh Tyler bar It was on his birthday when I like think of milky drinks I think of him barfing after I know it's very weird That was so triggering for you. I enjoy it Very triggering also, you know, what else is triggering? How many holes does a straw have if you think about it too long? It will make you crazy But I definitely think it's one long Coal. Oh my gosh. I totally agree and I thought about it very long Oh, Oh great, okay, so multiple internet news sources have reported they've gone on record ot No, TR ot are on the run the red light go off the record They've gone OTR that this is Lilly Singh's favorite snack popcorn with extra butter, which literally is my favorite snack So maybe I'll be a late-night host in like 45 years Congratulations, Lilly Singh if you're watching what a monumental moment for youtubers everywhere. Um, I know this is your favorite food. I love popcorn It's all I used to eat. I don't want to ruin it for you, but I just watched a document I know you should never eat the kind from the bag. I mean, it's like I watched and controls batteries It's called the devil. We know of course, but I'm gonna do it and I might die but I'm gonna do it. I Was really tasting its popcorn Valid as like a favorite food though. It seems kind of like wimpy. It's a favorite snack So it's like if you're gonna say your favorite food is chips so you could say the popcorn right if you were Deserted on it stranded Island. I would drink Pinot Noir on a drip Lily saying I feel closer to you I love you all we'd be friends. What's next? My car what the heck? No, I do not really know whose food this is I also don't even know what this is So this is jenna Marbles favourite food her boyfriend recently did a whole video Recreating a vegan version for her and this is called like garage food or no garbage food garbage plate This looks like what I would eat in college after a week What is in a garbage plate macaroni and cheese french fries? I said look hamburgers So I want to get a little bit of earthing. Sorry little potatoes a little potatoes a little meat little saw These are all food groups Okay We never get married It's spicy mr. Baskin, what did I just eat? Whoa, there was like a granular thing. It was like a real granular That's probably part of it or something. This is so good, but I just There's so much it definitely has to be fast. Oh, it definitely has Tabasco on it or hot sauce. Oh wow This is good, but it's a lot Okay Wow what this looks good, so tasty nice dad you guys know him you love him remember he pranked us Emma We need you to say ten times Mmm, that feels good. That was amazing Well, apparently his favorite food is barbecue, which I totally get like I'm from the south I had barbecue with my wedding like that makes so much sense to me So we have some chicken. We have some cole slaw we asked him for it Wow, that is a big old slab of meat. Oh, wow. I have that too under here Um, and this evidence is on Twitter, right? That's how we know that he loves vbq Aaron What are you even gonna take a bite of I don't know and we're gonna dip this big piece of brisket into this sauce Oh, these are beans. I'm from this house. I'm supposed to know the difference between a bean in a sauce There's a lot of sauce in there Okay, right, how do you but you I feel like I have actual opinions I don't like barbecue it could be a little smoky Er, I don't have pasty nice that wood Favorite, this is like a very average barbecue, but I'd love to get barbecue at you. Okay, so nice Cheesecake Factory one of my favorite places in the world. So overwhelming that menu. Oh my gosh. I miss the cornbread. Oh No without us Gordon it no, it's not the corn. It's the plastic of the bag of the popcorn. Oh, of course. All right Oh my gosh. I thought you were general So I have to say I watched the entire mukbang that Colleen ballinger and Trisha Paytas did at Cheesecake Factory They ate her favorite orange chicken because she had a baby update, you know in the porn beginning to end You know Trisha Paytas is like the queen of all like Luke bong I mean, she's the reason I know what I'm upon it automatically now, I've never seen durian chicken I didn't like and I love cheesecake factory because that's where Matt and I went on our first date. Oh I love Cheesecake Factory and this brown bread that I know is up in that bag There's right in here you guys you can buy brown bread at the grocery store This brand or yes, it's GTO Factory brown bread you can buy at the grocery store Oh Let's grab some chicken as you can see. This is real legit orange chicken because it has little orange pieces on it Okay Oh My gosh, it's real chicken inside. It's real then I actually want you to sit back for like three days You did even dad had to quit cuz the men who was too extensive to overlap. Yep. I can imagine radiant's into somebody's allergic I was it out. That's too stressful I can't say anything bad Jeffrey star will come for us. Oh my gosh. I love Jeffrey Stehr I remember seeing every player when I was a kid at Warped Tour and not a kid like recently at Warped Tour and when he was in my space like you just saw every on MySpace and Performing on Warped Tour and I was always be like, oh my gosh look at that beautiful person walking with the pink hair and like these huge shoes always just like in the crowd like Oh, Gibby I don't know what this is but I like but this is so legitimately the best thing I've had in 2019. What is this? So we also have it looks like some tacos wait wait wait Wait, recently Warren Powell told me that talk about how food fries I was like get out of here. They do not french fries She's like, yes, I do it. I was like shut up. You're a liar she's like, no, I'm not and now there's just the average fries Taco Bell mark My words is like the best hardcore fast We decide like I mean, I like in and out but okay this just a regular tacos - taco supreme Okay, Jeffrey star loves in my song. Cheers. Oh, oh my gosh. Yeah, I Really like this I actually didn't like talk about a really long time really I'm not just trying to come around in this very moment. This is a huge moment Jeffrey. I know you don't know me Um, I love your work. I love seeing you at Warped Tour. I love what you're doing now I love this startup you started lol. You own the world So I'm just saying like if you want to come on this channel and eat with us. You're welcome - all right What's next we've one more dish? One more dish I'll save it Okay, so this is the queen of milk bongs Trisha Paytas, obviously Like none of us would probably really know what my thongs are I mean at least I wouldn't if it wasn't for her. It's her favorite food or favorite fast food form of bonds, which is Domino's Chili and it is just a regular cheese pizza I believe which is like my favorite like why mess up pizza if it's a good sauce and good bread and good cheese like What I love no Trisha is I think she's like you can pay No, you can't that's like some cheesy like what I mean, I guess that's what people are are kind of doing right now but for free Mmm, I love a good classic this is great. We already like pizza. Yeah What are these little guys? Hope you these are chocolate lava cakes. She also loves me if she does. Oh Wow Oh My gosh It tastes prawn best. I like that this tastes like, you know When you like you're making a homemade ice cream sundae, it's the stuff out of the jar. That's in the middle right here How did they get it in there? Mm? Okay, is that it? No, we left out one important person. What's your favorite food? Cheeseburgers, actually no From where Oh any plant-based raw plant-based burgers. I'm actually gonna try a bunch of impossible impossible burgers, Oh, Bob Um, I've been a lot of Brussels sprouts recently Popcorn is my favorite food. That's right. Go on the record to say I'm coffee coffee wine That's pretty much it. So ladies like what's your favorite food? I'm actually curious because there are so many food options to choose from and let us know which of these foods is Like who has the best taste also another follow-up to that? What youtubers did we miss and what are their favorite foods and where are the receipts more? Importantly because your girls want to know anyways guys. Thank you so much for watching for supporting for coming back to clever cell We're so glad to be here. Please subscribe get the notifications because won't be here in this room eating every single week. Thank God Hmm probably put my papers. I'll be back Okay, great. You guys I'm so full. That was kind of crazy and if you want more crazy weird videos, then you've come to the right place click right here for another clever style video or Also subscribe because we have more crazy videos coming your way. Get ready. Hold your pants go get crazy

Number three. The murder of George Sidney Miles. On November 2nd, 1952, 19 year old Derek Bentley and 16 year old Christopher Craig broke into a warehouse in London, England. A girl saw the young men climb up one of the warehouses drainpipes and she told her parents. Her father called the police and Detective Constable Frederick Fairfax arrived a few minutes later. Fairfax was able to corner the young men on the roof, and he told them to surrender. Craig was defiant and he refused to give up. Fairfax ran at the young men, and he grabbed Bentley, who was closest to him. Bentley managed to break free, and then he apparently yelled, "Let him have it, Chris!" Chris then pulled out a gun and shot at Fairfax. The bullet grazed Fairfax' his shoulder and he wasn't too badly injured. After shooting at the officer, Craig ran and hid. Fairfax was able to arrest Bentley, and he put Bentley, who was handcuffed, into the back of his police car. As Bentley sat in the back of the police car, more officers arrived to help arrest Craig. 42 year old police constable, George Sidney Miles, got the keys from the owner of the warehouse so he made his way through the warehouse up to the roof. Once Miles walked out onto the roof, he was shot in the head, and he was dead within minutes. Craig was arrested after he ran out of ammunition Then he was interviewed at the police station, and he apparently confessed. This is an excerpt that is supposedly a verbatim transcription of what Bentley said. When we came to the place where he found me, Chris looked in the window. There was a little iron gate at the side. Chris then jumped over and I followed. Chris then climbed up the drainpipe to the roof and I followed.. Up to then, Chris had not said anything. We both got out onto the flat roof at the top. Then someone in the garden on the opposite side showed a torch up towards us. Chris said: "It's a copper, hide behind here." We hid behind a shelter arrangement on the roof. We were there waiting for about ten minutes. I did not know he was going to use the gun. A plainclothes man climbed up the drainpipe and onto the roof. The man said: "I'm a police officer. The place is surrounded." He caught hold of me as we walked away. Chris fired. There was nobody else there at the time Craig, who was 16 at the time of the shooting, couldn't be sentenced to death because he was a minor. However, since Bentley was 19, he could be sentenced to death. The prosecutors argued that Bentley knew that Chris was carrying a gun because he said THE gun instead of A gun in his confession. When Detective Constable Fairfax tried to arrest them, Bentley supposedly yelled, "Let him have it, Chris," which the police took to mean that Craig should use his gun. Therefore, Bentley was the ringleader of the robbery, making him responsible for the death of Miles. He was found guilty and he was sentenced to death. Meanwhile, Craig, who pulled the trigger, was sentenced to 10 years in prison. Bentley's death sentence was immediately unpopular because while it seemed like a slam-dunk case, there were actually several major problems with it. The first is that Bentley never touched the murder weapon and he was handcuffed in the back seat of a police car when Miles was killed. Secondly, Bentley only had an IQ of 77, so even though he was 19 he had the mental capacity of an 11 year old. Being that 16 year old Craig was more likely the ringleader in the robbery. Also, there was a problem with Bentley's supposed orders to shoot at Fairfax that demonstrated that he was the ringleader in the shooting. Bentley supposedly yelled, "Let him have it, Chris." The defense argue that the sentence is ambiguous. The police understood it as Bentley ordering Craig to shoot. However, it could have also meant that Bentley was telling Craig to hand over his gun. Both Bentley and Craig deny this sentence was ever yelled. Bentley swore he didn't even know that Craig had a gun until he shot Detective Constable Fairfax. Despite the problems with the case, three police officers swore under oath that Bentley confessed and the confession was transcribed verbatim, so there was no way for Bentley to appeal his death sentence Bentley swore he never confessed to knowing about the gun. The case was so controversial that three hundred people gathered outside the house of parliament To protest the execution on the day that Bentley was supposed to be executed. Their protests fell on deaf ears. On January 28th 1953, three months after the shooting, 19-year old Derek Bentley was hanged. Christopher Craig, who pulled the trigger, Served his ten years, and he has been a law-abiding citizen ever since. He has always told the same version of events as Bentley. He brought the gun to the robbery and Bentley didn't know about it. Bentley's parents relentlessly advocated for decades to have their son's name cleared. in 1993, 40 years after Bentley was hanged, he was given a royal pardon for his death sentence. However, he was still considered a murderer in the eyes of the law. In 1998, Bentley's case went back to court and to prove that the confession was false, Bentley's parents had forensic linguistics professor Malcolm Coulthard analyze it. He noted several irregularities. The main problem was that the three police officers swore that the confession was what Bentley said verbatim. They claimed he said everything unprompted and they did not interject during his monologue. Coulthard found evidence this wasn't true. In the confession Coulthard found several examples of narrative justifications. An example of a narrative justification would be, let's say you were telling a story about retrieving your phone from your backyard and you encountered an aggressive raccoon. Would you say: I walked outside. No one else was there. I picked up my phone, a raccoon ran at me, so I ran back inside. Or are you more likely to say: I walked outside. I picked up my phone. A raccoon ran at me so I ran back inside. Mentioning that no one else was in the backyard is an example of narrative justification. When telling a story like that, most people would not mention that no one else was in the backyard, Because that is a foregone conclusion. The only reason someone would volunteer that information is if they were asked. When telling the story about the aggressive raccoon you would only mention that no one else was in the backyard if someone listening to your story Asked if someone else was in the backyard when you went outside. an example of a narrative justification and the confession is: Chris then climbed up the drainpipe to the roof and I followed. Up to then, Chris had not said anything. We both got out onto the flat roof at the top. In this case, the sentence "Up to then Chris had not said anything" is the narrative justification. Bentley would not have mentioned that Chris hadn't said anything unless an officer asked him something to the effect of: "Had Chris said anything." Another example is: "The policeman caught hold of me and as I walked away Chris fired. There was no one else there at the time. The policeman and I then went around the corner by a door. Bentley wouldn't have said that no one else was there unless he was asked if someone else was there. Finally, there's the statement that was most damning at his trial. Bentley supposedly said: "We hid behind a shelter arrangement on the roof. We were there waiting for about 10 minutes. I did not know he was going to use the gun. Bentley saying "the" gun instead of "a" gun Convinced the original judge that Bentley knew about the gun going into the robbery. If he didn't know about the gun, he would have said "I did not know he was going to use a gun." Instead of "I did not know he was going to use the gun." But this is an example of narrative justification. Bentley saying "I did not know he was going to use the gun," is a response to the question: "Did you know that Christopher Craig was going to use the gun?" That strongly suggests that the police asked Bentley questions and didn't record the questions in the transcript. Therefore, Bentley's statement that three police officers swore was transcribed verbatim was not, in fact, verbatim. Besides the narrative justifications, Coulthard, also has a problem with the way that the word "Then" was used in the confession. When people talk and use the word "then", they usually use it at the beginning of a sentence. For example, most people would say: "I went outside to get my phone, Then I saw raccoon, who ran at me, so I ran back inside." As opposed to saying: "I went outside to get my phone. I then saw a raccoon who ran at me so I ran inside." In Bentley's confession, "then" doesn't appear often at the beginning of a sentence. Instead, "then" is used after the subject of the sentence. For example, Bentley supposedly said "My Mother told me that they had called and I then ran out after them." He also supposedly said: "Chris then jumped over and I followed." "Chris then climbed up the drainpipe to the roof and I followed." The use of the word then after the subject is not common among people who speak English. In the court transcripts, Bentley does not do this once. The use of the word "then" after the subject is quite common in a specific type of writing: English police statements. This suggests that police officers wrote at least parts of the confession and said Bentley saying those words. Coulthard's testimony helped clear Derick Bentley's name. In 1998, Bentley was finally granted a posthumous pardon Forty-five years after he was hanged. His case was one of the first examples of forensic linguistics being used in a criminal case, but it wouldn't be the last. Number two. The murder of Jenny Nicoll. In June of 2005, Jenny Nicoll was 19 years old and she was living with her family in Richmond, North Yorkshire, England She worked at a grocery store, and she played guitar in a local band. On June 30th Nicoll collected some of her belongings and stuffed them into her rucksack. She told her parents that she was going camping and that she wasn't going to come home that night. On July 4th, her parents still had not heard from her and they became worried. They found her car parked in the parking lot of a nearby pub. They decided that it would be best a file missing persons report. On July 8th, the police interviewed 45 year-old David Hodgson, an unemployed husband and a father of two. David said that he had never met Nicoll, and he had no idea where she was. The police were certain that he was lying. Nicoll had attended high school with David's two daughters. There were rumors that Nicole and David had been in a sexual relationship since Nicoll was 14 years old. The rumor first emerged when Nicoll was in high school and led to a group of girls at the school harassing her, and one girl even physically assaulted her. The rumors also resulted in David moving out of his family's home for a brief time. The day after the police interviewed David, two text messages were sent from Nicoll's phone. The phone was 65 miles north of Nicoll's home when they were sent, and they were sent to two of her friends. The first text to her friend, also named Jen, reads: "Hi, Jen. Tell Jack I am okay. Know everyone's gonna be mad.Tall them I am sorry. "Living in Scotland with my boyfriend. "...myself. dad's gonna kill me. Mum doesn't give a ... "Hope Nick didn't grass me up. "Keeping phone off "Tell dad car jumps out of gear and stalls. Put it back in auction. "Tell him I am sorry." The second text message, sent to a different friend, reads: "thought you were grassing me up. "Might be in trouble with dad. Told mom I was leaving. Didn't give a... "Been to Kessick camping. Was great. Have to go. See ya." Then five days later, her father received a text message from her phone. This message was sent when the phone was over 400 miles away in Jedburgh Scotland and it reads: "Why do you hate me? I know mum does. "Told her I was going. I ain't coming back and the pigs won't find me. I am happy living up here. "Everyone hates me in Rich. Only mate I got is Jack. "Text you a couple weeks. Tell pigs I am nearly 20. Ain't coming back. They can ... off. "She got me in this ... It's her fault not mine. get blamed for everything. "I am sorry, okay? "Just had to leave she's a ... No food in and always searching me room and eating me sweets. Have to go. Okay. I am very sorry." The text messages prompted searches the area where the phone was and where they were sent But no trace of Jenny Nicoll was found. The police continued to interview David Hudson, and he admitted that he did have a sexual relationship with Nicoll. He said it started when she was 16, and they only had sex five times. In July, David was arrested for perverting justice And he was really shortly afterwards. Three days later, David attempted suicide but survived. After the three text messages, Nicoll's phone stopped sending out text messages. The police thought that they weren't written by Nicoll. The most logical explanation for the text messages was that Nicoll had been killed and her killer wrote the text messages to throw off the police by making it look like she was still alive and chose to disappear. In November, the police upgraded the case to a murder investigation. They had forensic linguistics professor, Malcom Coulthard, who helped exonerate Derek Bentley, look at the text messages. He compared the three text messages that were sent after Nicoll disappeared To 11 text messages that were written by her, and a hundred text messages that were written by David, along with two suicide notes that he wrote. Coulthard found that the person who wrote the text messages misspelled the word "off". They left out the second "f". The writer of the text messages also spelled the word might: M-I-T-E Instead of: M-I-G-H-T. Also, instead of writing "myself", the author of the tax wrote "meself". Finally, the person writing the texts spell their contractions like "ain't" and "didn't" without apostrophes. Nicoll didn't make those errors when she wrote, but those same errors appeared in the samples written by David Hodgson. The police also found out that the day the text messages were sent, David had hired a car and the trips were long enough to get him to the areas where the text messages were sent. The police also discovered that David and his older brother, Robert, had constructed makeshift cabins in the moors. In one of the cabins the police found Nicoll's DNA, Along with a CD player and a teddy bear that belonged to her. The police learned the weeks leading up to her disappearance, Nicoll had developed a relationship with David's older brother, Robert. Robert was unaware that David and Nicoll had a relationship. In May 2007, nearly two years after Jenny Nicholl disappeared, both David and Robert were arrested. Robert was eventually released and cleared, and David was charged with her murder. David denied killing her. The police didn't have any evidence that David killed Nicoll, like the murder weapon. In fact, at the time of this video, her body has yet to be found. What the police do know is that David became very jealous whenever he saw Nicoll talking to another man. The police think now the night that Nicoll disappeared, she went to spend the night with David in his makeshift cabin. During the night, David found out about her relationship with his brother and he snapped. He probably killed her on the night that she was last seen, or early the next morning. He disposed of her body somewhere, possibly the moors. When he realized that the police were onto him, he hired a car to drive him to the areas where he sent the text messages to make it look like Nicoll was still alive. A jury found David Hodgeson guilty of murder and he was sentenced to serve a minimum of 18 years in prison. He has always maintained his innocence. Jenny Nichols parents are hoping that he'll admit to what he did and reveal the location of their daughter's remains. Number one. The murder of the Colemans. On November 14 2008, Joyce Meyer Ministries based out of Fenton, Missouri received a disturbing email. The writer said that televangelist Joyce Meyer should stop preaching. Then, instead of threatening Meyer or her family, the writer threatened to kill the family of Meyer's chief bodyguard, Chris Coleman. This email was a first in a series of emails that threatened Chris and his family, Which consisted of his wife, Sheri, and his two young sons, Garett and Gavin, and they lived in Columbus, Illinois. About two months later, on January 9th 2009, Chris went to the police in Columbus. He told them that his family found a threatening letter in their mailbox. Four months later, on April 27th, Chris went to the police about another threatening letter. Neither letters had postmarks on them, meaning they were hand-delivered. Both letters told Chris' wife, Sheri, to stop her religious work or she'd experienced her worst nightmare. A week later, just before 7:00 a.m. on March 5th 2009, Chris called a neighbor, who was a police officer. Chris said he had just been at the gym, and he was heading home He tried calling Sheri at home but no one was answering the phone. The neighbor, who was aware of the threats against the family, called for backup and a uniformed officer arrived minutes later. They looked around the outside of the house, and in the back they found an open window with the screen cut out. They crawled through the window and they could smell the distinct scent a spray paint. When they got into the kitchen, they saw the message: "I am always watching." spray painted on one of the walls. As they walk towards the stairs, they found more messages scrawled in red spray paint. Several of the vulgar messages started with the F word, and then there were words like "punished", and messages like: "You have paid" spray painted on the walls and the stairs. Upstairs, they found the bodies of 31 year old Sheri, 11 year old Garret, and nine year old Gavin. They were all in their beds. They had been strangled to death, most likely with some type of wire. 11 year old Garrett had a bed sheet covering his body. The killer has spray-painted: "... you." on the bed sheet. The killer tried to write something on the bed sheet that covered Gavin, but he ran out of spray paint. About five minutes after the police arrived, Chris returned home. Another officer, who arrived on the scene just before Chris, had him wait outside. Chris was then informed that his family was dead, and he started sobbing in the driveway. The police brought Chris in for questioning and they thought his behavior was odd. Notably, he didn't ask how his family died and he didn't ask to see their bodies. Later that same day, a woman named Tara Lintz got in touch with the police. She was a high school friend of Shari's. She said that she had been having an affair with Chris since November 2008. Around the time that Joyce Meyer Ministries got the first threatening email. She told them that the family was killed on the same day that Chris said that he planned to file for divorce. The police concluded that Chris started to plan his family's murder six months earlier, when he started having the affair, The reason he killed them instead of divorcing Sheri is because Joyce Meyer didn't want any of her bodyguards to be divorced. If he got divorced he would lose his six-figure yearly salary, and he would have to pay Sheri for child support. He sent the threatening messages himself, and spray painted the walls to make it look like the murders were committed by people with a vendetta against Joyce Meyer Ministries. While Chris had motive to kill his family, there wasn't much evidence tying him to the murderers. The murder weapon was never found and Chris's DNA wasn't found in any incriminating places. What they did know was that the threatening emails were sent from Chris's laptop, but they couldn't prove that his laptop hadn't been hacked. Meaning there was no evidence that Chris wrote the emails. This raised the possibility of reasonable doubt. The district attorney then asked Robert Leonard, a professor of forensic linguistics, To compare emails that Chris had written to the graffiti found at the crime scene and the threatening letters and emails. Leonard worked with FBI forensic linguist James Fitzgerald, Who was instrumental in the arrest of Ted Kaczynski, the Unabomber. Leonard and Fitzgerald developed the Communicated Threat Assessment Database. The Communicated Threat Assessment Database has more than 4,000 criminally oriented communications, containing more than a million words. With the database, they can identify certain patterns in written threats. They discovered that the writing in the threatening letters and emails and the graffiti Were very similar and most likely written by the same person. Meaning the person who wrote the threatening emails and letters, he's most likely the killer. The first similarity they found between the threats and the graffiti was the F word. It was the first word and many of the spray-painted sentences, and many of the spray-painted sentences and many of the sentences and the emails and letters start off with that word as well. Swear words in threatening letters in common, but according to the Communicated Threat Assessment Database, it's very rare for sentences to start off with the F word in threatening letters. That word usually appears later in the sentence. The graffiti and the threatening emails and letters were also similar to the way that Chris wrote. In the emails, letters, and the graffiti the killer spelled you using the letter "U" instead of writing out the word "you". Native English speakers commonly spell "you" that way in text messages, But it's not common for people to spell it that way and emails and letters. Chris often used the letter "U" instead of writing out the word in all forms of written communication. Secondly, the killer put the apostrophes in the wrong place in contractions like "doesn't" and "can't". the killer put the apostrophes after the t's instead of before them. And in one case, there was a space between the apostrophe and the last letter in the word. In his emails, Chris also put apostrophes in the wrong place when he wrote contractions. He also put them at the end of the word instead before the "T". Leonard concluded that Chris most likely wrote the emails letters and graffiti, Meaning he was the one who killed his family. The amount of circumstantial evidence, including Dr. Leonard's testimony about forensic linguistics, was enough to convince a jury that Chris Coleman was guilty of killing his entire family. He was spared the death penalty and he was given three life sentences. Thank you so much for watching today's video. If you liked it, please subscribe for more videos just like it. Please don't forget to visit criminalist.com, where you can suggest cases and buy merchandise. Please also check out our Patreon page, where you can get access to an exclusive podcast. But that's all for today. Thanks again for watching

Spanish: No soy un científico del clima, pero leí la literatura y me parece que los que son expertos en el tema, incluyéndose algunos de mis compañeros en la Universidad de Princeton, están de acuerdo en que el cambio climático ya está ocurriendo, los niveles del mar ya están subiendo y veremos más y más cambios entre los próximos, digamos, 30 y 50 años y, a largo plazo, durante el próximo siglo. Así que, sí, creo que esas cosas ya están ocurriendo, y una de las cosas más interesantes y asustadoras es que, si te fijas en las previsiones que los científicos hicieron hace 20 años, aunque los escépticos estén diciendo: "Ay, no, eso no tiene base científica", aquellas previsiones se han confirmado. Y, de hecho, de una forma general, Portuguese: Não sou um cientista do clima, mas li a literatura e me parece que aqueles que são especialistas no assunto, incluindo alguns de meus colegas na Universidade de Princeton, concordam que a mudança climática já está ocorrendo, os níveis do mar já estão subindo e veremos mais e mais mudanças entre os próximos, digamos, 30 e 50 anos e, em longo prazo, durante o próximo século. Logo, sim, creio que essas coisas já estejam ocorrendo, e uma das coisas mais interessantes e assustadoras é que, se você olhar para as previsões que os cientistas fizeram 20 anos atrás, apesar dos céticos estarem dizendo: “Ah, não, isso não tem base científica”, aquelas previsões se confirmaram. E, de fato, de um modo geral, Portuguese: o ritmo da mudança climática tem sido mais rápido do que o previsto há 20 anos. Logo, parece que eles estavam certos, suas previsões se justificaram e, portanto, há muitas razões para estar realmente muito preocupado com isso. Quando você continua a criar energia através da queima de carvão ou quando você segue tendo muito gado, você está impondo custos a outros, e a grande tragédia da mudança climática é que os países que estão contribuindo mais para isso ainda são as nações mais ricas, os EUA, o Canadá, a Austrália e a Europa Ocidental, até certo ponto. Mas as pessoas que mais sofrem com isso são algumas das mais pobres, em particular na África Subsaariana, por exemplo, e em partes da Índia, onde eles dependem das chuvas para cultivar sua comida, e os padrões pluviais mudarão em resultado da mudança climática. Eles já estão mudando. Spanish: el ritmo del cambio climático ha sido más rápido que el previsto hace 20 años. Así que parece que estaban correctos, sus previsiones se justificaron y, por lo tanto, hay muchas razones para estar realmente muy preocupado por ello. Cuando sigues creando energía a través de la quema de carbón o cuando sigues con mucho ganado, están imponiendo costes a los otros, y la gran tragedia del cambio climático es que los países que están contribuyendo más para ello aún son las naciones más ricas, Estados Unidos, Canadá, Australia y Europa Occidental, hasta cierto punto. Pero las personas que más sufren con ello son algunas de las más pobres, en particular en la África Subsahariana, por ejemplo, y en partes de La India, donde dependen de las lluvias para cultivar su comida, y los patrones de lluvia cambiarán en resultado del cambio climático. Ya están cambiando. Spanish: Y algunas personas, por ejemplo, en Bangladesh, tienen granjas en los deltas de los ríos, que son muy fértiles, pero de baja altitud, y, cuando el nivel del mar sube, aquella tierra se inundará por el agua del mar y se volverá inútil. Por lo tanto, las Naciones Unidas predicen que cientos de millones de personas se convertirán en refugiados debido a los cambios climáticos. Y por ello esta es una cuestión ética. ¿Podremos justificar el uso continuo de energía barata en una economía fuerte si sabemos que estamos transformando cientos de millones de personas en refugiados? Este es un coste terrible. Portuguese: E algumas pessoas, por exemplo, em Bangladesh, possuem fazendas nos deltas dos rios, que são muito férteis, mas de baixa altitude, e, quando o nível do mar subir, aquela terra ficará inundada pela água do mar e se tornará inútil. Portanto, as Nações Unidas preveem que centenas de milhões de pessoas se tornarão refugiados por causa das mudanças climáticas. E por isso esta é uma questão ética. Será que podemos justificar o uso contínuo de energia barata em uma economia forte, se sabemos que estamos transformando centenas de milhões de pessoas em refugiados? Este é um custo terrível.

Che cosa pensa di questa ossessione per il pareggio di bilancio? E quali sono le sue implicazione per la spesa militare e per gli aiuti alle multinazionali? Avrete notato che le persone che vogliono pareggiare il bilancio vogliono anche aumentare le spese militari... Prendiamo per esempio la Heritage Fundation, che scrive le politiche da attuare per i repubblicani di destra, e farfuglia sempre cose rigurado l'economia di libero mercato ma allo stesso tempo sostengono l'aumento della spesa militare, infatti subito dopo l'elezione del 1994, la grande vittoria dei conservativi (nel Senato e nel Congresso), che in verita' ha visto solo un aumento del 2% rispetto al solito, subito dopo (quella vittoria) la prima prima mossa che Clinton ha fatto, quindi da una parte abbiamo in carica un governo conservatore che vuole pareggiare il bilancio e in pratica eliminare il settore pubblico, e la prima mossa di Clinton fu quella di aumentare la spesa militare oltre quanto concordato in precedenza... poi arrivo' Gingrich, e una volta ottenuta la maggioranza al Congresso, le aumento' ancora di piu'... Poi la Heritage (fundation) presento' la sua proposta di bilancio e disse che (la spesa militari) sarebbe dovuta essere ancora piu' alta... Quindi l'idea e' che la spesa militare debba essere aumentata, e perche' si ha questa idea? Magari dobbiamo forse difenderci dai i marziani o cose del genere? ma non ha niente a che vedere con cose di questo genere... La spesa militare aumenta, e il budget del Pentagono e' a dire il vero poco piu' alto, in termini reali, di quello durante gli anni di Nixon, siamo piu' o meno ai livelli della guerra fredda, il che ci dice molto, ci dice che ci deve essere un'altro motivo, e che la storiella che ci veniva detta riguardo la Guerra Fredda (i.e. "dobbiamo armarci per difenderci dai russi") e' una balla perche' i livelli (di spesa militare) sono rimasti gli stessi; e non dovremmo sorprenderci piu' di tanto perche' era una cosa abbastanza ovvia. lo si fa per altri due motivi, che tuttora rimango da portare a termine: Ci sono forze militari, soprattuto in Medio Oriente e nel golfo Persiano e soprattuto dopo il 1989 quando il pretesto della Guerra Fredda svani', il governo Bush nel 1990 finalmente confesso' la verita' quando proposero il budget al Congresso: dissero che i livelli di spesa militare sarebbero rimasti gli stessi nonostante il pretesto della Guerra Fredda non si potesse piu' utilizzare perche' i russi erano sconfitti, ed e' molto interessante leggere questi documenti che sono pubblici, dissero che i livelli sarebbero rimasti alti per due importanti motivi: Il primo perche' dobbiamo mantenere queste enormi forze militari nel Medio Oriente, dove e qui cito: "dove non possiamo far apparire la minaccia ai nostri interessi come proviente dal Cremlino" In poche parole tutte le menzogne degli anni passati non possono essere piu utilizzate, perche' non c'e' piu' il Cremlino, le minaccie ai nostri interessi non provenivano da loro, cosa che era ovvia, ma proviene dagli abitanti della regione (i.e. Medio Oriente) che hanno questa strana idea che le ricchezze provenienti dal petrolio debba spettare a loro, e non andare a New York o Londra, e dobbiamo fargli cambiare idea a furia di mazzate... Quindi abbiamo tutto questo apparato militare per fare esattamente questo, incluso un sistema di invasioni/attacchi militari che include basi da Guam all' Oceano Indiano, in caso in cui il sistema locale di controllo non debba funzionare Quindi dobbiamo mantenere tutto cio'... L'altro motivo che citano e' che bisogna mantenere il "sistema industriale della difesa" e che cosa e' questo "sistema industriale della difesa" ? Bhe' in pratica e' la nostra intera economia... Dobbiamo mantenere il sistema industriale, che ha fatto, e fa tuttora, affidamento sul sistema Pentagono che include NASA, il dipartimento dell'energia e via dicendo... che fa' affidamento sul Pentagono per reindirizzare le risorse pubbliche (i.e. tasse) dai cittadini al settore privato Quindi se diamo una occhiata al settore trainante della nostra economia, come vi possono dire gli ingenieri qui presenti, i computer, l'Internet, l'elettronica, la fibra ottica, i satelliti, guardiamo a tutti questi settori e vediamo che tutta la ricerca, l'innovazione, le idee imprenditoriali etcetc provengono per la maggior parte da investimenti pubblici/statali E poi quando qualcosa riesce, lo si regala al settore privato, il caso piu' chiaro di tutti cio' e' l'internet, la via del futuro etcetc Da dove viene l'internet? Da investimenti statali, dal Pentagono. E' iniziato col nome di "Arcanet" nel settore militare e poi venne affidato alla National Science Foundation, quindi una fondazione pubblica, che creo' il tutto e durante tutto questo il settore privato non era interessato... Fino al 1994, non molto tempo fa', Bill Gates, grande imprenditore, non era nemmeno disposto a venire a una conferenza sull'internet perche' non vedeva possibili sviluppi commerciali per una cosa del genere... Quindi lo stato deve continuare a sborsare soldi per svilupparla, e quando dico lo stato sto parlando dei cittadini, delle loro tasse, non di una entita' remota. Alla fine, quando capirono che si sarebbero potuti fare soldi e che era un ottimo modo per aumentare i ricavi della pubblicita', per controllare l'opinione pubblica, aumentare il consumismo etcetc allora a questo punto nel 1996, col Telecommunications Act, viene data (questa nuova tecnologia) al settore privato che subito spinse per commercializzarla in ogni modo possibile... Questo e' come tutto il sistema funziona, quindi certo bisogna continuare a aumentare la spesa del Pentagono. Ora riguardo il pareggio di bilancio, non vogliono- -certamente Gingrich non chiedera' mai l'azzeramento della spesa del Pentagono, perche' se dovesse chiedere per una totale abolizione dei sussidi statali, i suoi donatori/finanziatori ricchi si infurierebbero, lui prende piu' sussidi statali per il suo distretto che ogni altro distretto urbano del paese Quindi lui e' il paladino degli aiuti ai ricchi e non vorra' certo eliminare il tutto, e inoltre e' abbastanza intelligente da capire che cio' vale per tutto il sistema quindi fa comodo; quindi i sussidi statali per i ricchi, la maggior parte dei quali arriva tramite il Pentagono, non cambieranno, quindi cosa intendono per pareggiare il bilancio? significa eliminare tutte le cose che aiutano i cittadini, come cibo per i bambini affamati, quello bisogna azzerarlo, "bisogna eliminare questo ciclo di dipendenza" questo e' quello che dicono Gingrich nei suoi discorsi dice queste cose: che i bambini di 7 anni, devono imparare a essere responsabili, e smettere di essere cosi dipendenti dagli altri... Ma non fa gli stessi discorsi ai suoi super-ricchi elettori (applausi) loro vivono di questo ciclo di dipendenza, possono parlare quanto vogliono di tutti i loro valori conservatori, ma ovviamente allo stesso tempo arraffano quanto piu' possono dallo stato se valessero le regole del mercato libero anche per loro sarebbero morti... Quindi il pareggio di bilancio e' una tecnica, e' un'arma di controllo sociale che viene usata per fare in modo che i pochi ricchi siano protetti dalla moltitudine dei poveri, perche' i fondi statali andranno sempre piu' dalla loro parte la quasi totalita' andra' verso di loro e tutti gli altri possono vivere seguendo le regole di libero mercato, se riescono a sopravvivere, Questo e' cosa vuol dire il pareggio di bilancio, e a dire il vero come programma economico il pareggio di bilancio non ha alcun senso, nessuna azienda potrebbe vivere col pareggio di bilancio, nessun nucleo familiare, nessuna impresa, vivono tutti grazie a debiti... a meno che tu sia un eremita in una foresta, perche' la maggior parte delle famiglie sono indebitate: hanno un mutuo, si indebitano per mandare i figli all'univerista' e certamente le imprese vivono costantemente indebitate, si prendono in prestito soldi da investire etcetc e cosi' funziona ogni parte del sistema il motivo per cui si vuole far in modo che per lo stato sia diverso e' per impedirgli di fare cose che potrebbero aiutare i cittadini ma allo stesso tempo vuoi essere certo che le parti (degli investimenti statali) che vanno ai ricchi rimangano intatte. Ero in un hotel questa mattina e hanno la TV via cavo e ho messo sulla CNN, di solito riesco a resistere solo per 3 minuti, e nei 3 minuti che ho resistito questa mattina avevano un pezzo sulla riforma delle tasse, e si aveva un dibattito molto "bilanciato": si aveva il "Cato Insitute" che vivono su Marte, poi si aveva gente dell'Heritage Founadtion che stanno mezzo centimentro piu' vicini alla Terra, e il terzo tizio era anche lui della stessa pasta... Questo era il dibattito sulla riforma della tasse della CNN E stavano discutendo su come cambiare le cose, in modo da rendere le cose peggiori, quindi il tizio del Cato Institute diceva aggiungiamo una tassa sulla vendite, che e' una cosa totalmente regressiva perche' prende grandi quantita' di denaro ai poveri e molto meno ai ricchi, quindi e' una cosa "notevole" e l'altro tizio aveva un'altra teoria e cosi' via... Ma tutte queste politiche sociali mirano allo stesso obbiettivo: non vogliono pareggiare il bilancio ma sono un'arma non hanno alcuna base economica a loro supporto, apparte quella di privilegiare ancora di piu' i ricchi... E allo stesso tempo bisogna mantenere lo "stato-babysitter", e' importante perche' non si potrebbero sopravvivere senza... e le multinazionali fanno cosi' tanto affidamento su questo sistema e non ce ne rendiamo spesso conto... se siete interessati il migliore studio su tutto cio', un po' tecnico ma ottimo, e' di un economista inglese che e' appena stato pubblicato, uno studio di 100 multinazionali della Fortune500 e tra le altre cose mostrano come, prima di tutto specificano che non sono (queste aziende) globalizzate dicono come la globalizzazione sia solo metodologica e come queste aziende sono tutt'ora molto nazionali, e inoltre che fanno grande affidamento sui loro governi di origine... e le conclusioni dello studio sono che tutta la top 100 della lista Fortune dipende e beneficia molto dalle politiche industruiali dei loro governi e piu' di 20 aziende furono in grado di sopravvivere solo grazie a interventi diretto dello stato, tramite bail-outs o aquisizioni. 20 su 100, e tra l'altro include pure la favorita di Gingrich, Lockheed Martin che era il piu' grande datore di lavoro nel suo distretto, che venne salvata tramite investimenti pubblici da Nixon per via di un prestito di diversi miliardi di dollari, altrimenti sarebbero andati in bancarotta... infatti tutto il sistema si regge sugli investimenti statali quindi quando (le grandi imprese) finiscono nei guai, i cittadini le devono salvare. Questo e' come funziona il sistema, e' il libero mercato per i poveri ma non di certo per i ricchi, e mai deve esserlo

Japanese: ここはTokyo YouTube Spaceがあるビルだよ。 今はMegumiとKrisを待っているところなんだ。 二人とも遅刻だ。 今日僕たちはJenna Marblesに会いに行くんだ。 もし彼女のことを知らないなら君はYouTubeをあまり見ないのかも知れないね。 でも彼女は1500万人がチャンネル登録をしているアメリカのYouTuberなんだ。彼女は本当に面白いよ。 そんな彼女がYouTube FanFestに参加するために日本にやってきたんだ。 みんな、KrisとMegumiだよ。二人とも夜景を撮ろうとしている。でも… うん、自分の姿だけを撮ってる。 みんなよく見えないね。 だから、おっすトーマス！美しい！メグちゃんもみたいな感じ。 さっき練習から来たからまじで汚い… 見て。向こうに東京タワーがあるよ。 え、見えないよ。私には誰かのおしりが見える。 Jenna Marblesに会うための列だよ。僕たちはみんな彼女のサインとセルフィーを求めて並んでるんだ。 English: This is where Tokyo's YouTube Space is located. I'm currently waiting for Megumi and Kris. Both of them are late. We're going to see Jenna Marbles today, and if you don't know who she is, you probably don't spend a lot of time on YouTube. But yeah, she's an American Youtuber that has 15 million subscribers, and she's really funny, and she came to Japan for the YouTube FanFest. You can see I came with Kris and Megumi. They're all trying to get a picture of the night view, but... Yeah, we're just getting ourselves. You can't really see through. So it's like, hey Thomas, you look beautiful! So do you Megoo! I just came from practice so I'm dirty as fuck... Look, over there is Tokyo Tower. I can't see it. I see someone's butt. The line to meet Jenna Marbles. We all get to get her autograph and take selfies. Japanese: Krisは列の先頭にいる。 イェーイ！ペット・ザ・猫 五！六！Six! 七！Seven！ KristinaはJenna Marblesに日本語でどうやって数字を数えるか教えていたようだね。 壇上にいるMegumiを見てみて。 Jennaの髪が映えるようにライトが調整されているのかな。 今はいくつかのスポット通り過ぎたところ。 やあみんな！ついにJenna Marblesに会うことができました。彼女はほんとうにいい人でこのサイン入りの写真もゲットできたよ。 それで今は何かを食べようと思ってフードルームに戻ってきたところでサンドウィッチを詰め込んでるんだ。 うわ、こんな大物YouTuberに会えるなんて最高だね。 それとここでは English: Kristina is like first in line. Yeah! ペットthe猫。 Go!（五！） Roku!（六！） Six! Nana! （七！）Seven! Kristina was teaching Jenna Marbles how to count in Japanese. Look at the sticker placement on Megumi. I guess they've set up the lighting to match Jenna's hair. A couple of spots away now! Hey guys! So I just got to meet Jenna Marbles. She is so nice, and I got this signed picture of her, and we have snuck back into the food room, and are scarfing down sandwiches. Ugh it's so cool that we got to meet such a huge Youtuber, and they're playing her videos in English: this room as well, and yeah now we are going to go off and do some プリクラ, and also check out the facilities in the Tokyo YouTube Space. Alright see you guys in a bit! Jenna! Curtain. Yeah! Hey Megumi! Let's kill someone! Yayyyyy!!! I want to be pretty. Noooooooo!!! Your face is so pretty! Oh shit. You started it. Wait, we want a sticker. シールあり。 Girly like or lady like? Ugh! Leaving the decorating the プリクラ to the girls. I love this starfish. It's so cool because they have YouTube stickers you can add. mhmm! Wait, let me show you. Because we're in the YouTube Space. Jesssss YouTube, YouTube, YouTube, YouTube, YouTube. There's a giant sweat mark there. Ewwwwww!!! I wonder whose back it was! Um...I think it's... Kristina?!?!?! What!?!? Ohhhhh! Is that? I don't know if it's really me... It's so hers. えっと...ugh Japanese: 彼女の動画も見れるよ。 それから今からここを出てプリクラを撮ったり Tokyo YouTube Spaceにある設備なんかをチェックしようと思います。おっけーじゃあみんなまたすぐに！ Jenna! カーテンだ。 イエーイ！ねえMegumi！誰かをやっつけてやろう！オラァァァァ！ かわいくなりたいな。 もう！彼女めっちゃかわいいじゃん！ ああ！ちょっともう！ 始まっちゃったね。 待って。ステッカーを貼りたい。 シールあり。 女の子っぽくするか大人っぽくするかどうしようかな。 プリクラのデコレーションを彼女たちに任せる。 わたしこのヒトデ好き。 YouTubeのステッカーをデコレーションできるってすごいなあ。 う～ん！待って。ちょっとこれ見てよ。 だって僕たちYouTube Spaceにいるもんね。 そうだね。 YouTube, YouTube, YouTube, YouTube, YouTube. 大きな汗の跡があるね。 気持ちわるい！！！ 誰の背中の跡なんだよ！ う～ん…これはねえ… Kristinaじゃないの?!?!?! えっ!?!?えええええ！これ？これって本当がやったの…？ そうだよ。 えっと…もう English: Good selfie lighting. Ooo I bet it's good lighting. Thank you Jenna Marbles, and for everyone at the YouTube Space Tokyo for organizing this event. Please check out the description box below for links to other videos we've been in around YouTube, and to other platforms that we're on. Alright, until next time! Bye! Japanese: セルフィーを撮るにはちょうどいい光だ。 そうだね。いい感じの光加減。 ありがとうJenna Marbles! Tokyo YouTube Spaceでこのイベントを企画してくれたみなさんも本当にありがとう！ 下の説明欄にある僕たちが出ている他のYouTubeの動画 と僕たちのいるほかのサイトなどもチェックしてね! ではまた次回！バ～イ！

Portuguese: Nye: Olá! Bem-vindos ao Laboratório espacial do YouTube. Sou Bill Nye, o cara da ciência, transmitindo ao vivo da Terra no Espaço do Criador do Google em Londres para amantes do espaço ao redor do mundo. Durante os próximos 40 minutos terrestres, criaremos nossa própria teoria do caos aqui no estúdio. Serei ajudado por um grupo especial de convidados do Hangout, verdadeiros nerds espaciais que conheceremos mais tarde. Mas na melhor parte deste programa espacial conversaremos ao vivo com a Estação Internacional que está a 250 milhas... naquela direção, desbravando o espaço e conversaremos ao vivo com a astronauta Sunita Williams. Se houver perguntas que desejam fazer a um astronauta de verdade, vocês podem enviar pelo Twitter, Facebook ou Google+ agora mesmo. Mas afinal, por que estamos aqui? No ano passado, o YouTube e o pessoal esperto da NASA Russian: НАЙ. Привет! Добро пожаловать в прямой эфир Космической лаборатории YouTube. Меня зовут Билл "Ботаник" Най. Я буду вести эту передачу отсюда, с Земли, из студии Google Creator Space в Лондоне. Сегодня мы приглашаем к экранам любителей космоса со всего мира. В следующие 40 земных минут мы создадим в этой студии собственную теорию хаоса. В этом мне помогут наши гости и настоящие профи космической науки, которые присоединятся к нам позже в ходе видеовстречи. А венцом нашего поистине космического шоу будет сеанс связи с Международной космической станцией, которая находится в 400 км над земной поверхностью. Технологии позволят нам покорить пространство и поговорить с настоящим астронавтом – Сунитой Уильямс. Так что если вы хотите спросить что-нибудь у настоящего астронавта, не теряйте времени и отправляйте нам свои вопросы с помощью Twitter, Facebook или Google+. И все-таки, зачем же мы здесь собрались? Все началось в прошлом году, когда YouTube и умники из НАСА French: Bonjour et bienvenue dans YouTube Space Lab ! Ici Bill Nye, votre Monsieur Science, qui vous parle en direct de la planète Terre depuis le Google Creator Space de Londres. Salut à tous les férus de l'espace qui nous regardent ! Au cours des 40 minutes qui vont suivre, nous allons créer notre propre théorie du chaos ici-même dans le studio. Pour cela, je suis accompagné d'invités très spéciaux, ainsi que de passionnés de l'espace que je vous présenterai un peu plus tard. Et puis, le clou du spectacle, nous serons en direct avec la Station spatiale internationale qui se trouve à 400 km d'ici, dans l'espace, où nous allons nous entretenir avec l'astronaute Sunita Williams. Si vous avez des questions que vous rêvez de poser à un astronaute, envoyez-les nous via Twitter, Facebook ou Google+ dès maintenant. Mais d'abord, pourquoi sommes-nous là ? L'année dernière, YouTube et les membres de la NASA se sont associés Italian: Nye: Salve e benvenuti al live di YouTube Space Lab. Sono Bill Nye, l'uomo della scienza, in diretta qui dalla Terra dal Google Creator Space di Londra per gli amanti dello spazio di tutto il mondo. Bene, nei prossimi 40 minuti terrestri creeremo la nostra personalissima teoria del caos qui in studio e a darmi man forte ci saranno un gruppo di specialissimi ospiti di un hangout e autentici "geek" patiti di spazio che incontreremo un po' più tardi. Inoltre, il pezzo forte di questo show spaziale sarà il collegamento in diretta con la Stazione Internazionale, che dista 400 chilometri dalla Terra... in quella direzione e sfreccia nello spazio. Inoltre parleremo in diretta con un'astronauta, Sunita Williams. Quindi se avete domande che avreste sempre voluto chiedere a un astronauta in carne e ossa, potete inviarcele tramite Twitter, Facebook o Google+ sin da ora. Ma per la precisione, perché siamo tutti qui oggi? Ebbene, l'anno scorso YouTube e quei geniacci della NASA German: Hallo zusammen. Willkommen bei YouTube Space Lab. Ich bin Bill Nye, der "Science Guy", und wir senden live vom Planeten Erde, aus dem Google Creator Space hier in London für alle Weltraumfans weltweit. In den nächsten 40 Erdminuten werden wir hier im Studio unsere eigene Chaostheorie formulieren. Dabei helfen mir einige ganz spezielle Hangout-Gäste und echte Space-Geeks. Wir werden sie später kennenlernen. Aber das Highlight unserer Weltraumshow wird eine Liveschaltung zur Internationalen Raumstation sein. Die ist dort oben. 400 km hoch. Dort werden wir uns mit einer echten Astronautin unterhalten: Sunita Williams. Wenn ihr einer richtigen Astronautin jemals eine Frage stellen wolltet, könnt ihr sie jetzt senden, via Twitter, Facebook oder Google+. Aber warum sind wir eigentlich hier? Nun, letztes Jahr starteten YouTube und Arabic: ناي: أهلاً ومرحبًا بكم في معمل فضاء YouTube. أنا بيل ناي خبير العلوم، أقدم بثًا مباشرًا من هنا من الأرض في Google Creator Space بلندن إلى عشاق الفضاء في جميع أنحاء العالم. الآن، وعبر الأربعين دقيقة التالية على الأرض، سننشئ نظرية الفوضى الخاصة بنا في الاستوديو، وسيساعدني في ذلك مجموعة من الضيوف الاستثنائيين عبر دردشة Hangout وأشخاص شغوفين بالفضاء ستقابلونهم بعد قليل. أما أفضل ما نقدمه في هذا العرض الذي يغلب عليه الحديث عن الفضاء فهو الاتصال المباشر مع المحطة الدولية، التي تبعد عنا مسافة 250 ميلاً... وبهذه الطريقة، ننطلق في الفضاء ونتحدث مباشرةً إلى أحد رواد الفضاء، سونيتا ويليامز. لذا إذا كانت لديك أية أسئلة أردت أن تطرحها من قبل على رائد فضاء يعيش بيننا، فيمكنك إرسالها إلينا عبر Twitter أو Facebook أو +Google الآن. لكن ما السبب الرئيسي وراء اجتماعنا هنا؟ في العام الماضي، اتفق YouTube مع المسؤولين الماهرين Korean: 안녕하세요. YouTube 우주 실험실에 오신 것을 환영합니다. 저는 사이언스 가이(the Science Guy), Bill Nye 입니다. 지금 바로 여기 지구의 런던 Google Creator Space에서 우주를 사랑하는 전 세계 모든 사람들에게 라이브로 브로드캐스팅합니다. 지금부터 지구 시간으로 40분 동안 이곳 스튜디오에서 자체 카오스이론을 만들어 보겠습니다. 오늘 저를 도와줄 매우 특별한 여러 행아웃 게스트들과 진짜 우주 전문가들을 잠시 후 만나보겠습니다. 또한 이 환상적인 우주 쇼의 하이라이트 순서로 저 멀리 250마일 떨어진 국제 우주 정거장과 연결하여 우주를 뚫고 날아가 실제 우주비행사이신 Sunita Williams씨와 이야기를 나눠보겠습니다. 질문이 있거나 실제 우주비행사에게 물어보고 싶은 것이 있었다면 지금 바로 Twitter나 Facebook, Google+를 통해 질문을 보내주세요. 오늘 우리가 여기 모인 이유가 무엇일까요? 작년에 YouTube와 NASA의 똑똑한 친구들이 Czech: Nye: Dobrý den a vítejte v kanálu YouTube Space Lab. Jsem Bill Nye „The Science Guy“ a z londýnského studia Google Creator Space na planetě Zemi zdravím všechny milovníky vesmíru. V následujících 40 pozemských minutách si zde ve studiu předvedeme vlastní teorii chaosu. Pomůže mi několik výjimečných Hangoutových hostů a také několik nadšených obdivovatelů kosmického výzkumu, kteří se ke mně připojí za chvíli. Třešničkou na dortu dnešní vesmírné podívané pak bude živé spojení s Mezinárodní vesmírnou stanicí, která se nachází zhruba 400 kilometrů tímto směrem v mezihvězdném prostoru. Spojí se s námi skutečný astronaut, Sunita Williamsová. Pokud jste se někdy na něco chtěli zeptat skutečného astronauta, můžete nás právě teď kontaktovat prostřednictvím Twitteru, Facebooku nebo Google+. Ale proč tu vlastně všichni jsme? Minulý rok dali YouTube a kapacity z NASA Chinese: 大家好 歡迎收看 YouTube 太空實驗室直播 我是科學達人 Bill Nye 目前所在位置是倫敦的 Google Creator Space 我將親自為世界各地的太空迷 主持現場直播 再過 40 分鐘 我們就要在工作室裡 建構出我們自己的混沌理論 我們的團隊包括一群非常特別的 Hangouts 視訊聚會嘉賓 以及心地善良的太空奇才 我們稍後會大概介紹一下這些人 而這場精彩太空秀的主菜就是 我們將與 250 英里以外 在太空中奔馳的國際太空站 進行即時連線 並與太空人 Sunita Williams 對談 如果各位心中有任何問題 想要請教活生生的太空人 可以趁現在透過 Twitter、Facebook 或是 Google+ 傳送給我們 我們會為您轉交給他們 但是，我們到底為什麼要齊聚在這裡？ 因為就在去年，YouTube 與這群 NASA 天才同心協力 Polish: Nye: Witamy w YouTube Space Lab na żywo. Jestem Bill „Naukowiec” Nye. Nadajemy program na żywo z Ziemi, z Google Creator Space w Londynie, dla miłośników kosmosu z całego świata. W ciągu następnych 40 ziemskich minut stworzymy w tym studiu własną teorię chaosu. Pomogą mi goście specjalni, z którymi połączymy się na Hangoucie, i pasjonaci kosmosu, których poznamy trochę później. Główną atrakcją naszego astroprogramu będzie połączenie na żywo ze Stacją Kosmiczną, która jest 400 km stąd... w tym kierunku i pędzi po orbicie Ziemi. Porozmawiamy z astronautką Sunitą Williams. Jeśli macie pytania, które chcecie zadać prawdziwej astronautce, prześlijcie je nam teraz przez Twittera, Facebooka lub Google+. Ale co nas tu wszystkich sprowadza? W zeszłym roku YouTube i mądrzy ludzie z NASA iw: ניי: שלום וברוכים הבאים לשידור הישיר ממעבדת החלל של YouTube. אני ביל ניי איש המדע, שמשדר בשידור חי ישירות מכדור הארץ, מ'חלל היוצרים של Google' בלונדון, לחובבי חלל ברחבי העולם. ב-40 הדקות הבאות לפי שעון כדור הארץ, ניצור תורת כאוס משלנו כאן באולפן. נמצאים כאן כדי לסייע לי כמה אורחים מיוחדים מאוד ב-Hangout, וגם גיקים מדופלמים לענייני חלל שנפגוש קצת יותר מאוחר. וגם, הדובדבן שבקצפת של התוכנית החללית המגניבה הזו - אנחנו נתחבר בשידור ישיר לתחנת החלל הבינלאומית, שממוקמת כ-400 ק"מ מכאן... בכיוון הזה, וטסה עכשיו בחלל, ונדבר עם אסטרונאוטית אמיתית, סוניטה וויליאמס. אז אם יש לכם שאלות שתמיד רציתם לשאול אסטרונאוט אמיתי, תוכלו לשלוח לנו אותן דרך Twitter‏, Facebook, או Google+‎ עכשיו. אבל למה, בעצם, כולנו כאן? ובכן, בשנה שעברה YouTube והאנשים החכמים ב-NASA Spanish: Nye: Hola a todos, bienvenidos al laboratorio espacial de YouTube en directo. Soy Bill Nye, el hombre de la ciencia, transmitiendo en directo desde aquí mismo en la tierra en el espacio del creador de Google en Londres para los amantes del espacio de todo el mundo. Ahora, durante los siguientes 40 minutos en la tierra, crearemos tu propia teoría de caos aquí en el estudio, y me ayudará un grupo de invitados de Hangout muy especiales e individuos del espacio de buena fe a quienes conoceremos un poco más adelante. Además, la atracción principal de este espectáculo del espacio: nos conectaremos en directo con la Estación Internacional, que se encuentra a 250 millas de distancia... de esa manera nos lanzaremos al espacio y hablaremos con una astronauta en directo, Sunita Williams. Así que si tienes alguna pregunta que siempre hayas querido hacerle a un astronauta real en directo, puedes enviárnosla a través de Twitter, Facebook, o Google+ ahora mismo. Pero ¿por qué, exactamente, estamos todos aquí? Bueno, el año pasado, YouTube y los inteligentes amigos de la NASA Japanese: ナイ: こんにちは YouTubeスペースラボライブへようこそ 「ザ・サイエンス・ガイ」のビル・ナイです 地球からのライブ放送を ロンドンのGoogleクリエイタースペースから 宇宙を愛する世界中の皆様へお届けします これからの地球での40分間 私たちだけのカオス理論を組み立てましょう 今日は多くのスペシャルゲストが登場します さらに、宇宙が大好きな皆さんにも お越しいただいています 本日の宇宙ショーのメインディッシュは 国際ステーションからのライブ中継です ここから250マイルも離れています あっちですね 宇宙空間を超えて 宇宙飛行士のスニタ・ウィリアムズに 話を聞きます もしあなたが、本物の宇宙飛行士に 今までずっと聞きたかった質問があれば ツイッターやフェイスブックで または Google+ですぐに送ってください この番組はどうして生まれたのでしょう 去年、YouTubeとNASAのスタッフが協力して English: Nye: Hello there, and welcome to YouTube Space Lab live. I'm Bill Nye the Science Guy, broadcasting live from right here on earth in the Google Creator Space in London to space lovers all over the globe. Now, over the next 40 earth minutes, we'll be creating our own chaos theory here in the studio, and helping me are a bunch of very special Hangout guests and bona fide space geeks whom we'll meet a little bit later. Plus, the piece de resistance of this space-tastic show-- we'll be linking up live with the International Station, which is 250 miles away... that way, hurtling through space and talking to a live astronaut, Sunita Williams. So if you have any questions you've ever wanted to ask a real live astronaut, you can send them in to us via Twitter, Facebook, or Google+ right now. But why, exactly, are we all here? Well, last year, YouTube and those clever folks at NASA Dutch: Nye: Hallo allemaal, en welkom bij YouTube Space Lab live. Ik ben Bill Nye de Science Guy, in een live uitzending hier op aarde in de Google Creator Space in Londen voor alle ruimteliefhebbers van over de hele wereld. In de komende 40 minuten maken we onze eigen chaostheorie hier in de studio, en om me te helpen zijn hier een paar heel bijzondere Hangout-gasten en echte ruimtenerds waarmee we straks zullen kennismaken. En als hoogtepunt van deze ruimteshow maken we live contact met het ISS, dat op 400 kilometer afstand, die kant op, door de ruimte schiet, en spreken we met een echte astronaute, Sunita Williams. Dus als je vragen hebt die je ooit wel eens aan een echte astronaut zou willen stellen, kun je je vragen nu sturen via Twitter, Facebook of Google+. Maar waarom zijn we eigenlijk allemaal hier? Vorig jaar hebben YouTube en die slimmeriken bij de NASA Spanish: Nye: Hola a todos y bienvenidos a la emisión en directo de YouTube Space Lab. Soy Bill Nye, el tipo de las ciencias, y estoy realizando esta emisión en directo desde la Tierra desde el Espacio para creadores de Google en Londres para los amantes del espacio de todo el mundo. Durante los próximos 40 minutos terrestres, crearemos nuestra propia teoría del caos aquí en el estudio y, para ayudarme, cuento con algunos invitados a este hangout muy especiales y auténticos fanáticos espaciales, a quienes conoceremos un poco más tarde. Además, como plato fuerte de este fantástico programa espacial, conectaremos en directo con la Estación Espacial Internacional, que se encuentra a 400 km de distancia de la Tierra, atravesaremos el espacio y hablaremos con una astronauta en directo, Sunita Williams. Por tanto, si tienes preguntas que alguna vez hayas querido hacer a un verdadero astronauta en directo, puedes enviárnoslas ahora mismo a través de Twitter, Facebook o Google+. Pero, ¿por qué estamos aquí exactamente? Bien, el año pasado, YouTube y esos tipos tan listos de la NASA Japanese: 面白いコンテストを開催しました 参加者の皆さんが創造力を駆使して 自分たちで考えた実験を 国際宇宙ステーションでNASAの宇宙飛行士に 実際にやってもらおうというものです 私が不思議に思っているのは どうやったらこんなに奇抜なアイディアが 思いつくのか、ということです ここで、スペースラボの開発者である ザハーン・バハモ氏に 詳しいお話をうかがいましょう スペースラボとは何なのですか？ バハモ: YouTubeスペースラボは 世界規模のコンテストであり 世界中の学生の皆さんに呼びかけて 宇宙で行う実験について まったく新しいアイディアを募集しました 私が憧れていたスティーブン・ホーキング博士や 優秀な科学者たちが 最高のアイディアを選びました 今日、世界で最も規模が大きく 最もクールな科学の授業で 2つの実験を実際に行うのです ナイ: これはあなたの発案ですか？ バハモ: もともとは ナイ: このようなコンテストを 思いついた理由は？ バハモ: スペースラボの目的は若い世代に 刺激を与えることです 私がスペースラボの優勝者と同じ歳の頃は German: ein paar smarte Leute bei der NASA einen Wettbewerb. Das war eure Chance, kreativ zu werden und euch ein Experiment auszudenken, das dann von Astronauten auf der ISS durchgeführt wird. Was ich aber wissen möchte: Wie kommt man auf so abgefahrene Ideen? Bei mir ist der Erfinder von Space Lab, Zahaan Bharmal. Er wird uns ein bisschen darüber erzählen. Was genau ist Space Lab? YouTube Space Lab ist ein internationaler Wettbewerb, bei dem wir Schüler weltweit aufgerufen haben, sich ein Experiment auszudenken, das im Weltraum durchgeführt werden soll. Professor Stephen Hawking, einer der Helden meiner Kindheit, und andere brillante Geister haben die besten ausgewählt. Und heute sind wir in diesem größten und coolsten Physikraum der Welt, um die beiden siegreichen Experimente live zu sehen. Und du hast dir das ausgedacht? Ja, richtig. Wie bist du darauf gekommen? Space Lab entstand aus dem Wunsch heraus, die nächste Generation zu begeistern. Als ich so alt wie unsere Space Lab-Gewinner war, Spanish: se unieron para lanzar un concurso increíble, que os dio la oportunidad de dar rienda suelta a la creatividad y desarrollar un experimento para que astronautas de la NASA lo llevaran a cabo en la Estación Espacial Internacional. Pero, lo que quiero saber es, ¿cómo surgen estas increíbles ideas? Bien, me encuentro con el creador de Space Lab, Zahaan Bharmal, para que nos cuente un poco más. ¿Qué es Space Lab? Bharmal: YouTube Space Lab es un concurso mundial en el que pedimos a estudiantes de todo el mundo que desarrollaran una idea para un experimento que pudiera realizarse en el espacio. El profesor Stephen Hawking, uno de mis héroes de la infancia, y otras mentes brillantes seleccionaron los mejores experimentos, y aquí nos encontramos hoy en la mayor y más increíble clase de ciencias del mundo para ver en acción los dos experimentos ganadores. Nye: Y este concurso fue idea tuya. Bharmal: Sí, así es. Nye: ¿Y cómo se te ocurrió algo así? Quiero decir... Bharmal: Creo que Space Lab surgió del deseo de inspirar a la próxima generación. Cuando tenía la misma edad que los ganadores de Space Lab, Arabic: في "ناسا" على إطلاق مسابقة مدهشة أتاحت لكم أيها الشباب الفرصة للإبداع والتحليق بخيالكم للتوصل إلى تجربة ينفذها رواد فضاء وكالة ناسا في محطة الفضاء الدولية (ISS). لكن ما أريد معرفته هو كيف استطعتم التوصل إلى هذه الأفكار غير التقليدية؟ سينضم إليّ الآن زهان بارمال منشئ معمل الفضاء ليخبرنا أكثر عن ذلك. إذن، ما المقصود بمعمل الفضاء؟ بارمال: معمل فضاء YouTube هو مسابقة عالمية طلبنا فيها من طلاب من جميع أنحاء العالم التوصل إلى فكرة تجربة يمكن تنفيذها في الفضاء. واختار الأستاذ ستيفين هوكينغ، أحد أبطال مرحلة طفولتي، وغيره من الأشخاص متقدي الذكاء الأفضل من بين المشاركين، واليوم نحن نجتمع في أكبر وأمتع فصل دراسي علمي في العالم لمشاهدة إجراء التجربتين الفائزتين. ناي: وكانت هذه هي فكرتك. بارمال: نعم، نعم كانت فكرتي. ناي: إذن كيف توصلت إلى هذه الفكرة؟ أعني... بارمال: أعتقد أن معمل الفضاء نشأ نتيجة الرغبة في إلهام الجيل القادم. عندما كنت في نفس عمر الفائزين بمسابقة معمل الفضاء، iw: יזמו ביחד תחרות מדהימה שנתנה לכם את ההזדמנות להיות יצירתיים ולתכנן ניסוי שיבוצע על ידי אסטרונאוטים של NASA בתחנת החלל הבינלאומית. אבל מה שמעניין אותי זה איך חשבתם על הרעיונות החדשניים האלה? מצטרף אלי עכשיו היוצר של מעבדת החלל, זהאן בהארמל, שיספר לנו קצת יותר על כך. אז מהי 'מעבדת החלל'? בהארמל: מעבדת החלל של YouTube היא תחרות גלובלית שבמסגרתה ביקשנו מתלמידים מכל רחבי העולם לחשוב על רעיון לניסוי שניתן לבצע בחלל. פרופ' סטיבן הוקינג, אחד מגיבורי ילדותי, ומוחות מבריקים נוספים בחרו את הרעיונות הטובים ביותר, והיום אנחנו נמצאים בכיתת המדעים הגדולה והמגניבה ביותר בעולם כדי לצפות בשני הניסויים המנצחים בפעולה. ניי: וזה היה רעיון שלך. בהארמל: כן, כן. ניי: איך חשבת על זה? בהארמל: אני חושב שמעבדת החלל נוצרה מתוך רצון לעורר השראה בדור הבא. כשאני הייתי בגילם של הזוכים בתחרות מעבדת החלל שלנו, Polish: zorganizowali razem świetny konkurs, pozwalając wam wykazać się kreatywnością i opracować eksperyment, który astronauci NASA mogliby przeprowadzić na Międzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej. Mnie jednak interesuje, jak oni wpadli na ten kapitalny pomysł. Jest ze mną twórca Space Lab, Zahaan Bharmal, który nam o tym opowie. Co to jest Space Lab? Bharmal: YouTube Space Lab to globalny konkurs, w którym uczniowie z całego świata mogli zaproponować eksperyment do przeprowadzenia w kosmosie. Prof. Stephen Hawking, mój idol z dzieciństwa, i inni wybitni ludzie wybrali najlepsze prace. Dzisiaj w tej największej i najfajniejszej szkolnej klasie na świecie zobaczymy dwa zwycięskie eksperymenty. Nye: I to był twój pomysł. Bharmal: To prawda. Nye: Jak na to wpadłeś? Bharmal: Myślę, że Space Lab powstał z chęci zainspirowania młodego pokolenia. Gdy byłem w wieku zwycięzców Space Lab, Italian: hanno collaborato per lanciare un concorso straordinario che vi ha dato la possibilità di sprigionare la vostra creatività ideando un esperimento da far condurre agli astronauti della NASA sulla Stazione Spaziale Internazionale. Ma quello che voglio sapere è come vi sono saltate in mente queste idee straordinarie? È qui con me il creatore di Space Lab Zahaan Bharmal per approfondire l'argomento. Che cos'è dunque Space Lab? Bharmal: YouTube Space Lab è un concorso globale con cui abbiamo chiesto agli studenti di tutto il mondo di trovare un'idea per un esperimento conducibile nello spazio. Il Professor Stephen Hawking, uno degli eroi della mia infanzia, e altre menti geniali hanno scelto i migliori e oggi siamo qui nella più grande e più moderna aula scientifica del mondo per vedere i due esperimenti vincitori in azione. Nye: Ed è stata una sua idea. Bharmal: Sì, sì. Nye: Ma come ha fatto a venirle in mente? Cioè... Bharmal: Penso che Space Lab sia nato dal desiderio di ispirare la generazione futura. Quando avevo la stessa età dei vincitori di Space Lab, English: came together to launch an amazing competition which gave you guys the chance to get all creative and dream up an experiment to be conducted by NASA astronauts on the International Space Station. But what I want to know is how do you come up with these far out ideas? Well, I'm joined by Space Lab creator Zahaan Bharmal to tell us a little bit more. So what is Space Lab? Bharmal: YouTube Space Lab is a global competition where we asked students around the world to come up with an idea for an experiment that could be carried out in space. Professor Stephen Hawking, one of my childhood heroes, and other brilliant minds picked the best, and here we are today in the world's largest, coolest scientific classroom to see the two winning experiments in action. Nye: And this was your idea. Bharmal: It was, it was. Nye: So how did you come up with this? I mean... Bharmal: I think the Space Lab was born out of a desire to inspire the next generation. When I was the same age as our Space Lab winners, Dutch: samen een fantastische wedstrijd georganiseerd waarin jullie de kans kregen je creativiteit de vrije loop te laten en een experiment te bedenken dat kon worden uitgevoerd door NASA-astronauten in het internationale ruimtestation ISS. Wat ik nou wil weten, is hoe je op zo'n fantastisch idee komt. Hier bij me is Space Lab-bedenker Zahaan Bharmal om ons daar iets meer over te vertellen. Wat is Space Lab nou eigenlijk? Bharmal: YouTube Space Lab is een internationale wedstrijd waarbij we leerlingen van over de hele wereld vroegen een idee te bedenken voor een experiment dat in de ruimte zou kunnen worden uitgevoerd. Professor Stephen Hawking, een van mijn helden uit mijn kindertijd, en andere grote denkers kozen de beste ideeën, en nu zijn we vandaag hier, in 's werelds coolste wetenschapslokaal, om de twee winnende experimenten te zien. Nye: En dit was jouw idee. Bharmal: Inderdaad. Nye: Hoe heb je dit nou bedacht? Ik bedoel... Bharmal: Ik denk dat Space Lab is ontstaan uit een verlangen om de volgende generatie te inspireren. Toen ik de leeftijd had van onze Space Lab-winnaars, Russian: задумали вместе провести небывалый конкурс. Он предлагал подросткам со всего мира напрячь извилины и придумать эксперимент, который потом смогли бы провести астронавты НАСА на Международной космической станции. Но мне не дает покоя одна мысль: как этим ребятам пришла в голову такая идея? И сейчас я представляю вам Захана Бхармала, создателя Космической лаборатории, который расскажет об этом подробнее. Итак, что же такое Космическая лаборатория? БХАРМАЛ. Космическая лаборатория YouTube – это международный конкурс, в рамках которого учащиеся со всего мира должны были придумать эксперименты, которые можно провести в космосе. Профессор Стивен Хокинг, один из героев моего детства, и другие блестящие умы выбрали из них два самых лучших. А теперь мы сможем понаблюдать за ходом их проведения в самой большой и самой увлекательной учебной аудитории в мире. НАЙ. И все это придумали вы? БХАРМАЛ. Да, это моя идея. НАЙ. Но как вам это удалось? Я имею в виду… БХАРМАЛ. На мой взгляд, причиной всему было желание вдохновить молодежь. Когда мне было столько же лет, сколько нашим победителям, Portuguese: se reuniram para lançar uma competição incrível que ofereceu a vocês a chance de usar sua imaginação e criar um experimento a ser conduzido por astronautas da NASA na Estação Espacial Internacional. Mas o que desejo saber é: como essas ideias loucas foram criadas? Aqui comigo está Zahaan Bharmal, criador do Laboratório espacial, para nos contar um pouco mais. O que é o Laboratório espacial? Bharmal: O Laboratório espacial do YouTube é uma competição global, na qual pedimos a estudantes de todo o mundo que criassem uma ideia para um experimento que pudesse ser realizado no espaço. O professor Stephen Hawking, um herói da minha infância, e outras mentes brilhantes escolheram os melhores e estamos aqui hoje na aula de ciências mais incrível do mundo para ver em ação os dois experimentos vencedores. Nye: E foi sua ideia. Bharmal: Sim, foi. Nye: E como você pensou nela? Bharmal: O Laboratório espacial foi criado a partir do desejo de inspirar a próxima geração. Quando eu tinha a idade dos vencedores do concurso, French: pour la création d'un concours qui demandait à ses participants d'être créatifs et d'imaginer une expérience que les astronautes de la NASA pourraient mener depuis la Station spatiale internationale. Mais dites-moi, comment avez-vous trouvé de telles idées ? Zahaan Bharmal, le créateur de Space Lab, nous a rejoints pour nous en dire davantage. Dites-nous, qu'est-ce que Space Lab ? YouTube Space Lab est un concours international pour lequel des jeunes du monde entier ont dû imaginer une expérience qui pourrait être menée depuis l'espace. Le professeur Stephen Hawking et d'autres esprits brillants ont sélectionné les meilleurs projets. Et nous voici réunis, aujourd'hui, pour assister à la réalisation des expériences des deux projets gagnants. Vous êtes à l'origine de ce concours ? Oui, tout à fait. Comment cette idée vous est-elle venue ? L'idée de Space Lab est née d'une envie d'inspirer les générations futures. Quand j'avais l'âge des gagnants de ce concours, Korean: 함께 모여 놀라운 대회를 열었습니다. 이 대회를 통해 여러분은 국제 우주 정거장에서 NASA의 우주비행사들이 수행할 독창적인 실험을 생각해 낼 기회를 얻었습니다. 하지만 제가 알고 싶은 것은 어떻게 이렇게 기발한 아이디어가 나왔는가입니다. 지금 이자리에 우주 실험실을 만든 Zahaan Bharmal씨가 함께하여 자세한 이야기를 들려 드립니다. 자, 우주 실험실이란 무엇인가요? YouTube 우주 실험실은 전 세계 학생들이 우주에서 수행할 수 있는 실험에 대한 아이디어를 찾아내도록 하는 세계적인 대회입니다. 저의 어린시절 영웅인 스티븐 호킹 교수님과 그 외 명석한 지식인들이 최고의 아이디어를 뽑았고 그 결과 오늘 세계에서 가장 크고 멋진 과학 교실에서 대회에서 선발된 두 가지 실험이 어떻게 수행되는지 보게 됩니다. 이것은 당신의 아이디어였죠. 예, 맞습니다. 어떻게 이런 생각을 하시게 되었나요? 제 말은... 우주 실험실은 다음 세대에게 영감을 주고자 하는 열망에서 나왔다고 생각합니다. 제가 우주 실험실 우승자와 같은 나이였을 때 Spanish: se reunieron para lanzar una increíble competencia que les dio a todos ustedes la posibilidad de demostrar su creatividad e inventar un experimento que sería realizado por astronautas de la NASA en la Estación Espacial Internacional. Pero lo que quiero saber es ¿cómo se les ocurren estas fantásticas ideas? Bien, me acompaña el creador del laboratorio espacial Zahaan Bharmal para contarnos un poco más. Entonces, ¿qué es el laboratorio espacial? Bharmal: El laboratorio espacial de YouTube es una competencia mundial en la que les pedimos a estudiantes de todo el mundo que inventaran una idea para un experimento que pudiese llevarse a cabo en el espacio. El profesor Stephen Hawking, uno de los héroes de mi infancia, y otras mentes brillantes eligieron a los mejores, y hoy acá estamos, en el aula científica más alucinante y grande del mundo para ver los dos experimentos ganadores en acción. Nye: Y esta fue tu idea. Bharmal: Así es. Nye: Bueno, ¿y cómo se te ocurrió esto? Quiero decir... Bharmal: Creo que el laboratorio espacial surgió a partir del deseo de inspirar a la próxima generación. Cuando yo tenía la misma edad que nuestros ganadores del laboratorio espacial, Chinese: 舉行了一場超棒的競賽活動 讓各位有機會集結各種創意 設計一項夢幻實驗 並在國際太空站上 由 NASA 太空人 將實驗付諸實行 但是我想瞭解 各位是怎麼想出這些超酷的點子？ 我要請太空實驗室的發起人 Zahaan Bharmal 為我們稍加解釋 什麼是太空實驗室？ YouTube 太空實驗室 是一項全球性的競賽活動 我們會邀請來自世界各地的學生 提出一項可以在太空中 付諸實行的實驗創意 我童年心目中的英雄 Stephen Hawking 教授 還有各界首屈一指的天才 與我們齊聚在 這個全世界最大、最酷的 科學教室中 見證這兩項優勝實驗的實際操作 而這就是你的創意 沒錯 你是如何想出這點子的？我是指... 我認為太空實驗室的想法源自於 想要激勵新世代的渴望 當我跟這些太空實驗室優勝者 相同年紀時 Czech: hlavy dohromady a spustili a dosud nevídanou soutěž. Umožnila vám povolit uzdu fantazii a vymyslet experiment, který astronauti z NASA na Mezinárodní vesmírné stanici promění ve skutečnost. Zajímalo by mě, kde jste vzali všechny ty úžasné nápady? Vítám ve studiu Zahaana Bharmala, autora programu Space Lab, který nám poví více. Co je vlastně projekt Space Lab? Bharmal: YouTube Space Lab je globální soutěž. Požádali jsme studenty z celého světa, aby navrhli experiment, který bude uskutečněn ve vesmíru. Profesor Stephen Hawking, jeden z hrdinů mého dětství, spolu s dalšími předními odborníky vybrali ty nejlepší návrhy a dnes si zde, na největší a nejzábavnější hodině fyziky na světě, oba vítězné experimenty představíme. Nye: A všechno to byl váš nápad. Bharmal: Ano, ano. Nye: Jak jste na to přišel? Chci říct... Bharmal: Řekl bych, projekt Space Lab se zrodil z touhy inspirovat novou generaci. Když jsem byl ve věku vítězů našeho programu Space Lab, Dutch: inspireerde de ruimte me, en daarom hoop ik dat Space Lab de volgende generatie weet te inspireren en dat de Space Lab-winnaars van nu de ruimteonderzoekers van de toekomst zouden kunnen worden. Nye: De mensen die op een dag op Mars staan, zijn nu misschien nog kinderen. Bharmal: Absoluut. Nye: Echt fantastisch. Dank je wel. Bharmal: Dank je. Nye: Laten we nu naar mijn laboratorium gaan. Kom mee, jongens. Het verhaal van Space Lab begon ongeveer een jaar geleden, en gewapend met alleen een whiteboard, een camera en een selectie stiften, probeerden duizenden jonge wetenschappers experimenten te bedenken voor de crème de la crème van de NASA. Maar helaas konden maar twee experimenten de hoofdprijs winnen. Chen: Mijn naam is Dorothy Chen, ik ben 16 jaar. Ma: Ik ben Sara Ma. Ik ben 16 jaar en ik ga naar Troy High School in Troy, Michigan. Mohamed: Hallo, mijn naam is Amr. Italian: lo spazio mi ha ispirato, quindi la mia speranza è che Space Lab possa ispirare la generazione futura e che i vincitori di Space Lab di oggi possano essere gli esploratori dello spazio di domani. Nye: Le persone che un giorno cammineranno su Marte magari oggi sono dei bambini. Bharmal: Certamente. Certamente. Nye: È fantastico. Bene, la ringrazio molto. Bharmal: Grazie. Nye: Bene, ora spostiamoci nel mio laboratorio, okay? Ragazzi, seguitemi. La storia di Space Lab è iniziata circa un anno fa e armati solo di una lavagna, una videocamera e un assortimento di pennarelli colorati, migliaia di giovani amanti della scienza hanno iniziato a ideare esperimenti degni di quelli della NASA. Ma, purtroppo, solo due esperimenti potevano vincere il premio finale. Chen: Mi chiamo Dorothy Chen. Ho 16 anni. Ma: Mi chiamo Sara Ma. Ho 16 anni vengo dalla Troy High School di Troy, in Michigan. Mohamed: Salve. Mi chiamo Amr. Spanish: el espacio era mi inspiración, por lo que espero que Space Lab sirva de inspiración para la próxima generación y que los ganadores actuales de Space Lab puedan convertirse en los exploradores espaciales del futuro. Nye: Las personas que pisarán Marte algún día puede que sean unos niños en la actualidad. Bharmal: Sin lugar a dudas. Por supuesto. Nye: Eso es fantástico. Muchas gracias. Bharmal: Gracias. Nye: Bueno, ¿qué os parece si vamos a mi laboratorio? Seguidme, chicos. Bien, la historia de Space Lab empezó hace un año aproximadamente cuando equipados únicamente con una pizarra, una cámara y una selección de rotuladores de colores, miles de jóvenes aficionados a la ciencia se propusieron crear experimentos aptos para lo mejor de la NASA. Pero, lamentablemente, solo dos experimentos podían ganar el premio final. Chen: Me llamo Dorothy Chen y tengo 16 años. Ma: Me llamo Sara Ma, tengo 16 años y estudio en el Instituto de Secundaria de Troy (Michigan, EE.UU.). Mohamed: Hola, me llamo Amr. Chinese: 太空激發了我的熱情 因此我期盼太空實驗室能喚起 新世代的熱情 也希望今日的太空實驗室優勝者 能夠成為明日的太空探險家 說不定眼前的這些孩子 就是未來踏上火星的人 正是如此 真是太棒了 非常感謝您的說明 謝謝您 我們開始進入實驗室吧 嘿，各位跟好囉 太空實驗室的故事 約在 1 年前展開 上千位年輕的科學愛好者 只藉助白板、攝影機 還有一堆彩色標記 開始打造符合 NASA 最高標準的實驗 不過，只有兩組實驗 可以贏得終極大獎 我是 Dorothy Chen 今年 16 歲 我是 Sara Ma 今年 16 歲 就讀密西根州特洛伊市的 特洛伊高中 大家好，我是 Amr English: space inspired me, and so my hope is that Space Lab will inspire the next generation and that today's Space Lab winners could be tomorrow's space explorers. Nye: The people who'll one day walk on Mars are maybe kids right now. Bharmal: Absolutely. Absolutely. Nye: It's pretty great. Well, thank you very much. Bharmal: Thank you. Nye: So let's head into my laboratory, okay? Hey, you guys, follow me. Now, the Space Lab story began about a year ago and armed with only a whiteboard, a camera, and a selection of colored markers, thousands of young science enthusiasts set out to create experiments fit for NASA'S finest. But, unfortunately, only two experiments could win the ultimate prize. Chen: My name is Dorothy Chen. I'm 16 years old. Ma: I'm Sara Ma. I'm 16 years old from Troy High School in Troy, Michigan. Mohamed: Hello. My name is Amr. French: j'étais passionné par l'espace. J'espère donc que Space Lab va inspirer la nouvelle génération et que les gagnants d'aujourd'hui deviendront les astronautes de demain. Les premiers qui poseront le pied sur Mars ne sont peut-être encore que des enfants… Exactement. Eh bien ! Merci beaucoup. Merci à vous. À présent, direction mon laboratoire, si vous le voulez bien. Suivez-moi. L'histoire de Space Lab a commencé il y a un an. Avec comme seuls outils un tableau, une caméra et des feutres de couleur, des milliers de scientifiques en herbe ont conçu des expériences dignes des membres de la NASA. Malheureusement, seuls deux projets ont pu être sélectionnés. Je m'appelle Dorothy Chen. J'ai 16 ans. Je m'appelle Sara Ma. J'ai 16 ans. Je vais au lycée Troy High School dans le Michigan. Je m'appelle Amr. Czech: kosmický výzkum mě inspiroval, a proto doufám, že Space Lab inspiruje další generaci a že dnešní vítězové projektu Space Lab budou zítřejšími dobyvateli vesmíru. Nye: Lidé, kteří se jednoho dne projdou po Marsu, možná právě prožívají dětství. Bharmal: Přesně tak, přesně tak. Nye: Fascinující. Moc vám děkuji. Bharmal: Nemáte zač. Nye: Takže se podíváme do mé laboratoře, co vy na to? No tak, pojďte dál. Příběh projektu Space Lab začal přibližně před rokem, když se tisíce mladých nadšenců, vybavené pouze tabulí, kamerou a několika barevnými fixami, rozhodly vytvořit experimenty, které by byly vhodné pro ty nejlepší muže a ženy z NASA. Ale jen dva z těchto experimentů mohly získat hlavní cenu. Chen: Jmenuji se Dorothy Chen. Je mi šestnáct let. Ma: Já jsem Sara Ma. Je mi šestnáct let a chodím na střední školu ve městě Troy v Michiganu. Mohamed: Ahoj. Jmenuji se Amr. Portuguese: o espaço me inspirava, e espero que o Laboratório espacial inspire a próxima geração e que os vencedores de hoje sejam os exploradores espaciais de amanhã. Nye: As pessoas que um dia caminharão em Marte podem ser crianças hoje. Bharmal: Com certeza. Nye: É algo incrível. Muito obrigado. Bharmal: Obrigado. Nye: Vamos para o meu laboratório? Pessoal, siga-me. A história do Laboratório espacial começou cerca de um ano atrás. Armados apenas com um quadro, uma câmera e um conjunto de marcadores coloridos, milhares de jovens cientistas decidiram criar experimentos para enviar à NASA. Mas, infelizmente, somente dois deles venceram o grande prêmio. Chen: Meu nome é Dorothy Chen. Tenho 16 anos. Ma: Sou Sara Ma. Tenho 16 anos da Troy High School, em Troy, Michigan. Mohamed: Olá, meu nome é Amr. Spanish: el espacio me inspiró y mi esperanza es que el laboratorio espacial inspire a la próxima generación y que los ganadores de hoy del laboratorio espacial puedan ser los exploradores del espacio del mañana. Nye: Las personas que algún día caminarán sobre Marte y que hoy en día tal vez sean niños. Bharmal: Absolutamente. Absolutamente. Nye: Es excelente. Bueno, muchas gracias. Bharmal: Gracias. Nye: Ahora vayamos a mi laboratorio, ¿les parece? Síganme amigos. Bien, la historia del laboratorio espacial comenzó hace aproximadamente un año y con solamente una pizarra, una cámara y una selección de marcadores de colores, miles de jóvenes entusiastas de la ciencia comenzaron a crear experimentos adecuados para los mejores de la NASA. Pero, desafortunadamente, solo dos experimentos podían ganar el premio final. Chen: Mi nombre es Dorothy Chen. Tengo 16. Ma: Soy Sara Ma. Tengo 16 soy de Troy High School en Troy, Michigan. Mohamed: Hola. Mi nombre es Amr. German: hat mich der Weltraum fasziniert, und ich hoffe, dass Space Lab die nächste Generation ebenso begeistert und die Space Lab-Gewinner von heute die Weltraumforscher von morgen werden. Du meinst, Menschen, die mal auf dem Mars spazieren, sind jetzt vielleicht noch Kinder? Absolut. Das ist toll. Vielen Dank. Nichts zu danken. So, und nun gehen wir in mein Labor. Folgt mir. Die Space Lab-Story begann also vor etwa einem Jahr, als sich Tausende junger Wissenschaftsfans, bewaffnet mit Klemmbrett, Kamera und Filzmarkern, daran machten, Experimente für die Besten der Besten bei der NASA zu ersinnen. Leider konnten jedoch nur zwei Experimente den Hauptpreis gewinnen. Mein Name ist Dorothy Chen und ich bin 16 Jahre alt. Ich bin Sara Ma, ich bin 16 Jahre alt und gehe zur Troy High School in Troy, Michigan, USA. Hi, ich heiße Amr. iw: החלל עורר בי השראה, אז התקווה שלי היא שמעבדת החלל תעורר השראה בדור הבא, ושהזוכים של מעבדת החלל היום יוכלו להיות חוקרי החלל של מחר. ניי: ייתכן שהאנשים שיום אחד ילכו על המאדים הם כיום עדיין ילדים. בהארמל: בהחלט. ניי: זה נהדר. תודה רבה לך. בהארמל: תודה לך. ניי: אז בואו ניכנס למעבדה שלי, בסדר? בואו אחריי. הסיפור של 'מעבדת החלל' התחיל לפני בערך שנה, כאשר, חמושים בלוח לבן, מצלמה, ושלל טושים צבעוניים בלבד, אלפי חובבי מדע צעירים ניסו לתכנן ניסויים שיתאימו למוחות הטובים ביותר ב-NASA. אך למרבה הצער, רק שני ניסויים יכלו לזכות בפרס הגדול. צ'ן: שמי הוא דורותי צ'ן. אני בת 16. מא: אני שרה מא. אני בת 16 מבית הספר התיכון 'טרוי' בטרוי, מישיגן. מוחמד: שלום, שמי עאמר Russian: космос произвел на меня неизгладимое впечатление, и я надеюсь, что наш проект подействует на них так же. И ещё мне хотелось бы, чтобы нынешние призеры Космической лаборатории завтра стали покорителями космоса. НАЙ. Возможно, сегодняшние дети и подростки однажды ступят на поверхность Марса. БХАРМАЛ. Несомненно! НАЙ. Превосходно! Спасибо вам большое. БХАРМАЛ. Спасибо вам. НАЙ. А сейчас давайте навестим мою лабораторию. За мной, ребята! История Космической лаборатории началась около года назад. Тысячи молодых энтузиастов науки, вооруженные только лекционной доской, камерой и цветными маркерами, должны были рассказать об экспериментах, которые проведет на орбите НАСА. К сожалению, выиграть главный приз могут авторы только двух опытов. ЧЕН. Меня зовут Дороти Чен. Мне 16 лет. МА. Меня зовут Сара Ма. Мне 16 лет. Я учусь в средней школе города Троя в Мичигане. МУХАММЕД. Здравствуйте. Меня зовут Амир. Polish: kosmos mnie inspirował, więc mam nadzieję, że Space Lab tak samo podziała na młodzież, a jego zwycięzcy zostaną w przyszłości badaczami kosmosu. Nye: Ludzie, którzy staną kiedyś na Marsie, teraz pewnie są dziećmi. Bharmal: Dokładnie. Nye: To wspaniałe. Bardzo dziękuję. Bharmal: Dziękuję. Nye: Przejdźmy do mojego laboratorium. Chodźcie za mną. Historia Space Lab zaczęła się około rok temu, gdy tysiące młodych pasjonatów nauki, uzbrojonych tylko w kamerę, tablicę i zestaw kolorowych pisaków, zaczęły tworzyć eksperymenty dla NASA. Niestety tylko dwa eksperymenty mogły zdobyć główną nagrodę. Nazywam się Dorothy Chen. Mam 16 lat. Nazywam się Sara Ma. Mam 16 lat i chodzę do liceum w Troy w Michigan. Cześć. Nazywam się Amr. Japanese: 宇宙が私を刺激しました なので私は スペースラボが今の若者を刺激して コンテストの優勝者たちに 将来の宇宙開拓者になってほしいのです ナイ: いつの日か火星を歩くのが 今の子供たちかも バハモ: そうですね ナイ: すばらしい ありがとうございました バハモ: どうも ナイ: それでは私の研究室へ行きましょう こっちです さあ、私に続いて スペースラボの誕生は 1年前にさかのぼります ホワイトボード、カメラ、 カラーマーカーしか 持ってない 何千人もの若い科学ファンが NASAで行う最高の実験のアイディアを 出し合いました その中からわずか2件の実験だけが 最終的に選ばれたのです ドロシー: 私はドロシー・チェン、16歳です サラ: 私はサラ・マ、16歳です ミシガン州の高校に通っています モハマド: 僕はアムール・モハマド Korean: 우주는 제게 영감을 불어넣었어요. 그래서 저의 희망은 우주 실험실이 다음 세대에게 영감을 주는 것입니다. 오늘의 우주 실험실 우승자가 내일의 우주 탐험가가 될 수 있도록요. 어쩌면 지금의 어린이들은 언젠가 화성을 걸어다닐 수도 있겠죠. 그렇죠. 맞습니다. 굉장하네요. 대단히 감사합니다. 감사합니다. 그러면 이제 제 실험실에 들어가볼까요? 자, 여러분, 따라오세요. 우주 실험실 이야기는 1년 전쯤 시작되었습니다. 칠판 하나와 카메라 하나 그리고 몇몇 컬러 마커만으로 무장한 과학을 좋아하는 수많은 젊은이들이 최상의 NASA 수준에 맞는 실험을 만들기 시작했습니다. 하지만 두 개의 실험만이 최고 상을 받을 수 있었습니다. 제 이름은 Dorothy Chen이고요, 16살이에요. 저는 Sara Ma에요. 16살이고요 미시건 주 트로이에 있는 트로이 고등학교에 다녀요. 제 이름은 Amr에요. Arabic: كان مصدر إلهامي هو الفضاء، ولذا أرجو أن يكون معمل الفضاء هو مصدر إلهام الجيل القادم وأن يكون فائزو معمل الفضاء اليوم هم مستكشفي الفضاء غدًا. ناي: إن الأشخاص الذين سيسيرون يومًا ما على كوكب المريخ ربما يكونون أطفالاً الآن. بارمال: بكل تأكيد. بكل تأكيد. ناي: الأمر رائع للغاية. شكرًا جزيلاً لك. بارمال: شكرًا لك. ناي: الآن هيا بنا ننطلق إلى معملي، موافقون؟ أيها الشباب، اتبعوني. لقد بدأت قصة معمل الفضاء قبل عام مضى تقريبًا، إذ انطلق الآلاف من الشباب المتحمسين للعلم مسلحين بسبورة بيضاء وكاميرا ومجموعة من المحدِدات الملونة، لإجراء تجارب يمكن لوكالة ناسا تنفيذها. لكن للأسف، حصلت تجربتان فقط على الجائزة الكبرى. شين: اسمي دورثي شين. أبلغ من العمر 16 عامًا. ما: أنا سارة ما. أبلغ من العمر 16 عامًا من مدرسة تروي الثانوية في تروي، ميشيغان. محمد: مرحبًا، اسمي عمرو. Japanese: 18歳です エジプトのアレクサンドリアから来ました 来期は大学生です サラ: 実験のヒントは、以前の サルモネラ菌の研究から得ました このバクテリアの菌株は宇宙育ちです 地球に戻すと 元の株より毒性が増加します 研究では、リン酸イオンが サルモネラの毒性増加を 抑えました この抑制効果が 枯草菌にも効くのではないかと考え 枯草菌のQST 713株を宇宙に持っていき マウスに対するサルモネラと同じように 菌類に対して毒性が増加するかどうかを 確認することにしました モハマド: 僕の実験の目的は、無重力状態が ハエトリグモの補食行動に与える影響を ゼブラスパイダーを使って 調べるものです ゼブラスパイダーは無重力状態でも 捕食できるでしょうか？ 仮説は「ノー」です Portuguese: Tenho 18 anos. Venho de Alexandria, no Egito e, no momento, estou em um ano sabático. Ma: A inspiração para nosso experimento veio de nossa pesquisa anterior sobre salmonela. Uma cepa dessa bactéria foi cultivada no espaço. Ao ser trazida de volta à Terra, ela estava mais infecciosa do que a cepa original. Em nossa pesquisa, descobrimos que íons de fosfato impediram o aumento na toxicidade da salmonela. Decidimos investigar se o mesmo inibidor poderia reduzir a eficácia do bacilo subtilis. Estamos planejando enviar a cepa QST-713 do bacilo subtilis ao espaço para ver se ele se tornará mais tóxico aos fungos como a salmonela foi aos ratos. Mohamed: Meu experimento visa investigar o efeito da microgravidade na forma como a aranha saltadora, especificamente a aranha-zebra, Salticus scenicus, captura sua presa. Será que a Salticus scenicus consegue pegar sua presa na microgravidade? Acho que não. English: I'm 18 years old. I come from Alexandria, Egypt, and I'm currently in a gap year. Ma: We got the inspiration for our experiment from previous research on salmonella. A strain of this bacterium was grown in space. When it was brought back down to earth, it proved to be more virulent than the original strain. In our research, we found that phosphate ions prevented the increased virulence of salmonella. So we wondered if the same inhibitor could curb B. subtilis's effectiveness. We are planning to send the QST 713 strain of bacillus subtilis into space to see if it will become more virulent to fungi, like salmonella was to mice. Mohamed: My experiment is designed to investigate the effect of microgravity on the way the jumping spider, specifically the Zebra spider, Salticus scenicus, catches its prey. Will the Salticus scenicus be able to catch its prey in microgravity? I don't think so. iw: אני בן 18. אני מאלכסנדריה, מצרים, ואני נמצא כרגע בשנת הפסקה מהלימודים. מא: קיבלנו את ההשראה לניסוי שלנו מניסוי קודם בסלמונלה. זן של החיידק גודל בחלל, וכשהוא הוחזר לכדור הארץ התגלה שהוא יותר אלים מהזן המקורי. במחקר שלנו, גילינו שיוני פוספט מנעו את הגידול מבחינת האלימות של סלמונלה אז תהינו אם אותו מעכב יוכל לרסן את היעילות של בצילוס סובטיליס. אנחנו מתכננים לשלוח את הזן QST 713 של בצילוס סובטיליס לחלל ולראות אם הוא יהפוך לרעיל יותר לפטריות, כפי שסלמונלה היה לעכברים. מוחמד: הניסוי שלי נועד לבחון את ההשפעה של מיקרוגרביטציה על האופן שבו העכביש הקופצני, בפרט עכביש הזברה, סלטיקוס סניקוס, תופס את הטרף שלו. האם הסלטיקוס סניקוס יוכל לתפוס את הטרף בתנאי מיקרוגרביטציה? לא נראה לי. French: J'ai 18 ans et je suis d'Alexandrie, en Egypte. J'ai pris une année sabbatique. L'idée de notre expérience nous est venue d'une précédente recherche sur les salmonelles. Une souche de ces bactéries a été cultivée dans l'espace. À leur retour sur Terre, elles étaient beaucoup plus virulentes que la souche d'origine. Nous avons découvert que les ions phosphates bloquent cette virulence accrue. Ce même inhibiteur pourrait-il avoir un effet sur la bactérie B. subtilis ? Nous prévoyons d'envoyer dans l'espace la souche QST 713 de la bactérie bacillus subtilis afin de voir si elle devient plus virulente contre les champignons, comme les salmonelles avec les souris. Mon expérience a pour but d'étudier l'effet de la microgravité sur la façon dont les araignées sauteuses, en l'occurrence, l'araignée zébrée ou Salticus scenicus, capturent leurs proies. L'araignée zébrée pourra-t-elle capturer ses proies en microgravité ? J'en doute. Chinese: 我今年 18 歲 來自埃及亞歷山卓城 目前處於升學前的空檔進修階段 我們的實驗靈感 來自先前對沙門氏菌的研究 如果這種細菌的菌株在太空中生長 那麼當這種細菌被人帶回地球時 經過證明 會比原本的菌株更加致命 在我們的研究中 我們發現磷酸鹽離子 可避免沙門氏菌的毒性擴張 所以我們想知道 相同的抑制因子 是否能夠遏止枯草桿菌的效應 我們打算將枯草桿菌的 QST 713 菌株送上太空 瞭解這種細菌對蘑菇的影響 是否會像 沙門氏菌對老鼠的影響 變得更加致命 我的實驗目的是要研究 微重力對跳蛛移動方式的影響 具體來說是對斑馬紋跳蛛 捕捉獵物時的影響 斑馬紋跳蛛是否能夠 在微重力環境中捕捉獵物？ 我不這麼認為 German: Ich bin 18, komme aus Alexandria in Ägypten und mache gerade ein Orientierungsjahr. Die Idee für unser Experiment basiert auf früheren Forschungen zu Salmonellen. Ein Stamm dieses Bakteriums wurde im Weltraum gezüchtet. Zurück auf der Erde stellte sich heraus, dass er bösartiger war als der Originalstamm. Bei unseren Forschungen kam heraus, dass sich die erhöhte Ansteckungsgefahr mit Phosphat-Ionen eindämmen ließ. Die Frage war nun, ob derselbe Hemmer auch die Wirksamkeit von B. subtilis zügeln könnte. Wir wollen den Stamm QST 713 von B. subtilis in den Weltraum schicken, um festzustellen, ob seine Virulenz für Pilze sich ebenso erhöht wie die von Salmonellen für Mäuse. Mein Experiment soll die Wirkung der Mikrogravitation auf die Art und Weise untersuchen, wie Springspinnen, vor allem die Zebraspringspinne (Salticus scenicus), ihre Beute fangen. Kann Salticus scenicus Beute auch unter dem Einfluss von Mikrogravitation fangen? Ich glaube nicht. Italian: Ho 18 anni. Vengo da Alessandria d'Egitto e attualmente sto facendo un anno sabbatico. Ma: Abbiamo tratto ispirazione per il nostro esperimento da ricerche precedenti sulla salmonella. Un ceppo di questo batterio è stato coltivato nello spazio. Quando è stato riportato sulla Terra, si è rivelato più virulento rispetto al ceppo originale. Nella nostra ricerca, abbiamo scoperto che gli ioni fosfato bloccavano l'aumentata virulenza della salmonella. Così ci siamo chieste se lo stesso inibitore avrebbe potuto frenare l'efficacia del Bacillus subtilis. Il nostro piano è di mandare il ceppo QST 713 del Bacillus subtilis nello spazio per scoprire se diventerà più virulento per i funghi, come la salmonella per i topi. Mohamed: Il mio esperimento è inteso a verificare l'effetto della microgravità sul modo in cui il ragno saltatore, nello specifico il ragno Zebra, Salticus scenicus, cattura la sua preda. Il Salticus scenicus sarà in grado di catturare la preda in condizioni di microgravità? Io penso di no. Arabic: أبلغ من العمر 18 عامًا. أنا من الإسكندرية بمصر، وأقضي هذا العام كمرحلة تأهيلية قبل الجامعة. ما: إن مصدر إلهامنا لإجراء تجربتنا كان أحد الأبحاث السابقة التي أجريت حول السالمونيلا. لقد نمت سلالة من هذه البكتريا في الفضاء. وعند إعادتها مرة أخرى إلى الأرض، أثبتنا أنها أصبحت أكثر شراسة من السلالة الأصلية. في البحث الذي أجريناه، اكتشفنا أن أيونات الفوسفات منعت شراسة السالمونيلا المتزايدة. لذا فقد تساءلنا إذا كان يمكن للمُثبط نفسه أن يحكم فاعلية العصوية الرقيقة. ونحن نعتزم إرسال السلالة QST 713 من العصوية الرقيقة إلى الفضاء لمشاهدة ما إذا كانت ستصبح أكثر شراسة على الفطريات، مثلما كانت السالمونيلا بالنسبة إلى الفئران. محمد: إن تجربتي مصممة بهدف التعرف على تأثير الجاذبية الصغرى على طريقة اصطياد العنكبوت القافزة، خاصةً العنكبوت المخططة، سالتيكس سنيكس، لفريستها. هل ستستطيع العنكبوت سالتيكس سنيكس اصطياد فريستها في الجاذبية الصغرى؟ لا أعتقد ذلك. Spanish: Tengo 18. Soy de Alejandría, Egipto, y actualmente me encuentro en un año sabático. Ma: Para nuestro experimento nos inspiramos en investigaciones anteriores sobre la salmonella. Una variedad de esta bacteria se cultivó en el espacio. Cuando se la trajo de nuevo a la tierra, resultó ser más virulenta que la variedad original. En nuestra investigación, descubrimos que los iones de fosfato evitaban la virulencia cada vez mayor de la salmonella. Así que nos preguntamos si el mismo inhibidor podría reprimir la efectividad de la B. subtilis. Tenemos planificado enviar la variedad QST 713 de bacillus subtilis al espacio para ver si se vuelve más virulenta para los hongos, como la salmonella para los ratones. Mohamed: Mi experimento está diseñado para investigar el efecto de la microgravedad sobre la manera en que la araña saltadora, específicamente la araña cebra, Salticus scenicus, atrapa a su presa. ¿Podrá la Salticus scenicus atrapar a su presa en la microgravedad? No lo creo. Korean: 18살이고 이집트 알렉산드라에서 왔어요. 현재 대학 입학을 앞두고 있어요. 우리는 살모넬라에 대한 이전 조사에서 실험의 아이디어를 얻었어요. 이 박테리아의 한 품종은 우주에서 자랐는데 다시 지구에 가져왔을 때 원래 품종보다 독성이 강해진 것으로 밝혀졌어요. 우리는 조사를 통해 인산 이온이 살모넬라의 독성 증가를 억제한다는 사실을 발견했죠. 그래서 우리는 같은 억제제가 고초균의 효과를 억제할 수 있는지 궁금했어요. 우리는 고초균의 QST 713 품종을 우주에 보내어 살모넬라가 쥐에 치명적이었던 것처럼 균류에 더 치명적으로 되는지 알아보려고 해요. 제 실험은 깡충거미, 특히 제브라거미가 먹이를 잡는 방법에 극미 중력이 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것입니다. 깡충거미가 극미 중력에서 먹이를 잡을 수 있을까요? 제 생각에는 잡을 수 없을 것 같습니다. Russian: Мне 18 лет. Я родился в Египте, в городе Александрия. Сейчас я готовлюсь к поступлению в вуз. МА. Идею нашего эксперимента подсказали опыты с сальмонеллой, которые уже проводились ранее. Штамм этой бактерии был выращен в космосе. Когда его привезли обратно на Землю, он оказался ещё более опасным, чем исходный организм. В наших исследованиях мы обнаружили, что фосфат-ионы предотвратили повышение вирулентности сальмонеллы. И·мы задались вопросом, сможет ли этот ингибитор сдерживать вирулентность сенной палочки. Мы предлагаем отправить штамм QST 713 сенной палочки в космос, чтобы посмотреть, произойдет ли с ней то же самое, что и с сальмонеллой, и станет ли она более опасной для грибков. МУХАММЕД. Мой эксперимент позволит узнать, как влияет невесомость на передвижение паука, в частности зебрового паука-скакуна, когда он охотится. Поймает ли паук добычу в условиях невесомости? Я думаю, нет. Czech: Je mi 18 let, jsem z Alexandrie v Egyptě a mám teď rok studijního volna. Ma: K našemu experimentu nás inspiroval předchozí výzkum salmonely. Ve vesmíru vypěstovali kmen bakterií, a když se s ním vrátili zpět na Zemi, ukázalo se, že je virulentnější než původní kmen. Vlastním výzkumem jsme zjistily, že zvýšené virulenci salmonely brání fosfátové ionty. Takže nás zajímá, jestli tentýž inhibitor sníží také efektivitu bakterie B. subtilis. Plánujeme vyslat do vesmíru kmen Bacillu subtilis QST 713, abychom zjistily, zda se zvýší jeho virulence u hub, jako se zvýšila virulence salmonely u myší. Mohamed: Cílem mého experimentu je vyzkoumat účinky mikrogravitace na způsob, jakým skákavkovití pavouci, konkrétně Skákavka pruhovaná, Salticus scenicus, chytá svou kořist. Dokáže Salticus scenicus polapit svou kořist v nízké gravitaci? Myslím, že ne. Polish: Mam 18 lat. Mieszkam w Aleksandrii w Egipcie. Mam teraz rok przerwy w nauce. Ma: Do eksperymentu zainspirowały nas wcześniejsze badania nad salmonellą. W kosmosie wyhodowano jej szczep, który po powrocie na Ziemię okazał się bardziej wirulentny niż oryginał. Badania wykazały, że jony fosforanów zapobiegają wzrostowi wirulencji salmonelli. Ciekawi nas, czy ten sam inhibitor może ograniczyć aktywność laseczki siennej. Planujemy wysłać szczep QST 713 laseczki siennej na orbitę i sprawdzić, czy stanie się bardziej wirulentna dla grzybów, tak jak salmonella dla myszy. Mohamed: Mój eksperyment ma pokazać wpływ mikrograwitacji na to, jak skaczący pająk, konkretnie skakun arlekinowy, salticus scenicus, chwyta zdobycz. Czy salticus scenicus złapie swoją ofiarę w mikrograwitacji? Nie sądzę. Spanish: Tengo 18 años, soy de Alejandría (Egipto) y actualmente estoy tomándome un año sabático. Ma: Para nuestro experimento, nos basamos en una investigación anterior relacionada con la salmonella. Una cepa de esta bacteria se cultivó en el espacio. Cuando volvió a la Tierra, se demostró que era más virulenta que la cepa original. En nuestra investigación, descubrimos que los iones de fosfato impedían el aumento de la virulencia de la salmonella. Por tanto, nos preguntamos si el mismo inhibidor podría frenar la eficacia de la bacteria B. subtilis. Tenemos pensado enviar la cepa QST 713 de la bacteria Bacillus subtilis al espacio para comprobar si se volverá más virulenta en los hongos, como ocurrió con la salmonella en los ratones. Mohamed: Mi experimento está diseñado para investigar el efecto de la microgravedad en la forma en la que la araña saltadora, específicamente la araña cebra o Salticus scenicus, atrapa a su presa. ¿Podrá la Salticus scenicus atrapar a su presa en microgravedad? No lo creo. Dutch: Ik ben 18 jaar. Ik kom uit Alexandrië, in Egypte, en ik zit momenteel in een tussenjaar. Ma: We haalden de inspiratie voor ons experiment uit eerder onderzoek naar salmonella. Een stam van deze bacterie werd in de ruimte gekweekt. Eenmaal terug op aarde bleek deze virulenter dan de oorspronkelijke stam. In ons onderzoek ontdekten we dat fosfaat-ionen de verhoogde virulentie van salmonella kon voorkomen. We vroegen ons af of dezelfde remmer de effectiviteit van B. subtilis kon beperken. We willen de stam QST 713 van bacillus subtilis de ruimte in sturen om te zien of deze besmettelijker wordt voor schimmels, zoals salmonella dat bij muizen was. Mohamed: Mijn experiment onderzoekt het effect van microzwaartekracht op de manier waarop een springspin, in dit geval de zebraspin, Salticus scenicus, zijn prooi vangt. Kan de Salticus scenicus zijn prooi nog steeds vangen bij microzwaartekracht? Ik denk het niet. Arabic: ناي: ها هم، الفائزون عن جدارة. عمرو محمد من الإسكندرية بمصر، ودورثي شين وسارة ما من ميشيغان بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. أيها الشباب، أولاً وقبل كل شيء، أهنئكم. الجميع: شكرًا لك. ناي: الأمر رائع للغاية. ربما تشعرون أن مقاطع الفيديو هذه التي اشتركتم بها في المسابقة وكأنها منذ وقت طويل مضى. تشي وما: نعم. ناي: الآن عمرو، لنذكر بشجاعة أن القليل من الرجال والنساء وكلب وقرد ارتادوا الفضاء الخارجي، والآن بفضلك انضمت إليهم بعض العناكب القافزة. ما الذي يثير انتباهك في الفضاء؟ محمد: أنا أحب الفضاء لأنه، على عكس أي علم آخر، في أي مكان تنظر فيه بالفضاء، تجد سرًا جديدًا، سؤالاً جديدًا غير معروف سؤالاً جديدًا مثيرًا يلهم الشخص للبحث عن إجابة. أما في أي علم آخر، فعليك التعمق أكثر من ذلك بكثير داخل هذا العلم حتى تصل إلى سؤال يلهمك حقًا. ناي: هذا ممتع، ورائع. وأنتِ دورثي؟ دورثي وسارة، ما هو شعوركما حول تنفيذ تجربة توصلتما إلى فكرتها بواسطة رواد فضاء من وكالة ناسا Polish: Nye: Oto oni, nasi zdolni zwycięzcy! Amr Mohamed z Aleksandrii w Egipcie, oraz Dorothy Chen i Sara Ma z Michigan w USA. Moi drodzy, przede wszystkim gratuluję. Wszyscy: Dziękujemy. Nye: To fantastyczne. Wydaje się, że filmy zgłosiliście tak dawno temu. Chen i Ma: Tak. Nye: Amr, pomówmy o miejscu, w które dotarło niewielu ludzi, pies, małpa oraz dzięki tobie kilka skaczących pająków, czyli przestrzeni kosmicznej. Co cię pasjonuje w kosmosie? Mohamed: Lubię badania kosmosu, bo wyróżniają się tym, że wszędzie kryje się nowa tajemnica, niewiadoma czy ciekawe pytanie, które zachęca do szukania odpowiedzi. W inne nauki trzeba bardzo się zagłębić, posunąć dalej, by natrafić na inspirujące pytanie. Nye: Świetnie. To wspaniałe. Dorothy? Dorothy, Sara, jak to jest wiedzieć, że wasz eksperyment przeprowadzają astronauci NASA Spanish: Nye: ¡Y aquí están, nuestros honorables ganadores! Amr Mohamed de Alejandría, Egipto, y Dorothy Chen y Sara Ma de Michigan en los EE.UU. Ante todo, ¡Felicitaciones! todos: Gracias. Nye: ¡Esto es fantástico! Ahora debe parecer que estos videos fueron hace mucho tiempo. Chen y Ma: Sí. Nye: Ahora, Amr, vamos a analizar con claridad dónde algunos hombres, mujeres, un perro, un mono y ahora, gracias a ti, algunas arañas saltadoras han ido antes del espacio exterior. ¿Qué es lo que te atrae del espacio? Mohamed: Bueno, me gusta el espacio porque, a diferencia de otras ciencias, en todas partes que mires en el espacio, hay un nuevo misterio, una nueva incógnita, una nueva pregunta interesante para inspirar la búsqueda de uno de una respuesta. Y con cualquier otra ciencia, tienes que adentrarte mucho más en la ciencia para elaborar una pregunta realmente inspiradora. Nye: Eso es genial. Es estupendo. ¿Dorothy? Dorothy, Sara, ¿qué se siente saber que un experimento inventado por ustedes será realizado por astronautas de la NASA French: Et voici nos gagnants ! Amr Mohamed d'Alexandrie, en Egypte, et Dorothy Chen et Sara Ma du Michigan, aux États-Unis. Tout d'abord, félicitations ! – Merci. – C'est incroyable ! Ces vidéos de présentation doivent vous paraître bien lointaines ! – En effet. – À présent, Amr, abordons sans tarder ce que seuls quelques hommes et femmes, un chien, un singe, et grâce à toi maintenant, des araignées sauteuses, ont pu faire. Aller dans l'espace ! Qu'est-ce qui te fascine le plus à propos de l'espace ? Les sciences spatiales me passionnent car, contrairement aux autres sciences, elles sont pleines de mystère et d'inconnu, ce qui nous amène à nous poser des questions et à y chercher des réponses. Avec les autres sciences, il faut aller bien plus loin pour se poser des questions qui soient aussi passionnantes. Très bien. Dorothy, Sara, quel effet cela fait de savoir que l'expérience que vous avez imaginée est actuellement réalisée par des astronautes de la NASA Korean: 자, 우승자분들을 소개합니다. 이집트 알렉산드리아에서 온 Amr Mohamed와 미국 미시건 주에서 온 Dorothy Chen, Sara Ma입니다. 여러분, 축하합니다. 수상자: 감사합니다. Nye: 정말 멋진데요! 이 참가 동영상은 정말 오래 전 일인 것처럼 느껴지겠군요. Dorothy, Sara: 정말 그래요. Nye: 자, Amr, 이제 대담하게 이야기해 볼까요? 몇 명의 남자와 여자 개, 원숭이, 그리고 지금은 당신 덕분에 깡충거미 몇 마리가 우주로 갔어요. 당신은 우주의 어떤 점에 매료되었나요? 저는 우주가 다른 과학 분야와는 다르기 때문에 좋아해요. 우주를 들여다보면 모든 곳에 새로운 신비가 있어요. 또 해답을 구하는 이들을 사로잡는 새로운 미지의 세계와 흥미로운 질문이 있죠. 다른 과학들은 매우 깊이 들어가야만 정말 고무적인 질문을 생각해 낼수 있잖아요. 멋지군요. 아주 좋아요. Dorothy? Dorothy, Sara, 여러분이 생각해낸 실험을 우주의 국제 우주정거장에서 NASA의 우주비행사가 수행한다는 것을 Chinese: 他們就是我們出色的優勝者！ 來自埃及亞歷山卓城的 Amr Mohamed 還有來自美國密西根州的 Dorothy Chen 以及 Sara Ma 首先要恭喜你們！ - 謝謝你 - 這真是太出色了！ 這些介紹影片看起來一定像是 很久以前拍的 - 對啊 - Amr，我們來稍微談論 之前有些男性、女性 狗和猴子曾出發前往的地方 而拜你所賜 幾隻跳蛛也到了那裡 外太空 太空吸引你的地方是什麼？ 我喜歡太空 因為太空跟其他科學 不一樣 太空的每一處 都有著全新的謎團 全新的未知領域 還有全新的有趣問題 讓人萌生探尋答案的熱情 而在其他科學中 你必須更進一步探索 非常艱深的科學知識 才能提出真正令人振奮的問題 太酷了 說得很棒吧，Dorothy？ Dorothy 和 Sara 當你們得知 NASA 太空人要在國際太空站上 將你們構想的實驗付諸實行時 German: Und hier sind sie: Unsere Sieger! Amr Mohamed aus Alexandria, Ägypten, und Dorothy Chen und Sara Ma aus Michigan, USA. Zunächst euch allen herzlichen Glückwunsch! Vielen Dank! Das ist fantastisch! Diese Bewerbungsvideos müssen euch jetzt ewig lang her vorkommen. Ja. Nun, Amr, reden wir mal über jenen Ort, zu dem nur wenige Männer, Frauen, ein Hund, ein Affe, und jetzt auch ein paar Springspinnen gelangt sind: den Weltraum. Was fasziniert dich am Weltraum? Ich liebe das All, denn anders als bei anderen Wissenschaften gibt es hier immer etwas Neues zu entdecken: ein neues Geheimnis, eine neue interessante Frage, die einen nach Antworten suchen lässt. Bei allen anderen Forschungszweigen muss man viel tiefer eintauchen, um wirklich interessante Fragen zu finden. Das ist cool. Wirklich toll. Dorothy, Sara: Wie fühlt ihr euch jetzt, wo euer Experiment von NASA-Astronauten an Bord der ISS Japanese: ナイ: さあコンテストの優勝者を紹介します モハマドはエジプトから、 ドロシーとサラはミシガン州から 来てくれました まずはコンテストの優勝おめでとう！ 全員: ありがとうございます ナイ: すばらしい！ 応募の動画はもう 何年も前のようです ドロシーとサラ: はい ナイ: ではモハマド これまでに何人かの人間と 犬と猿が 宇宙へ行った そして君のおかげで 今度はハエトリグモが 宇宙へ飛び立ったね 君は宇宙の何が好きなんだい？ モハマド: 僕が宇宙を好きな理由は 他の科学とは違って 宇宙にはあちこちに新しい神秘や 新しい謎や興味深い疑問があって 答えを探したくなるからです 他の科学では、その分野で かなり深く勉強しないと 面白い質問は出てきません ナイ: なるほど ドロシー、サラ 君たちの実験が NASAの宇宙飛行士によって 国際宇宙ステーションで Russian: НАЙ. И вот они, наши достойные победители! Амир Мухаммед из Александрии, Египет, и Дороти Чен и Сара Ма из штата Мичиган, США. Ребята, мы вас поздравляем. ВСЕ. Спасибо! НАЙ. Это удивительно! Вот они, ваши видео, которые сегодня кажутся такими далекими. ЧЕН И МА. Да. НАЙ. А теперь, Амир, давай поговорим о том удивительном пространстве, где уже побывали мужчины, женщины, собаки, обезьяны, а теперь, благодаря тебе, ещё и пауки-скакуны, – о космосе. Чем он тебя привлекает? МУХАММЕД. Космос нравится мне потому, что в отличие от других явлений природы он постоянно манит своей загадочностью и неизвестностью, ставит интересные вопросы и побуждает нас искать на них ответы. Как и в любой другой сфере знаний, нужно достаточно глубоко разобраться в предмете, чтобы предложить действительно интересный вопрос. НАЙ. Спасибо! Дороти? Дороти, Сара, какие чувства у вас вызывает тот факт, что эксперименты, которые вы придумали, будут проводиться астронавтами Italian: Nye: Ed eccoli qui, i nostri degni vincitori! Amr Mohamed da Alessandria d'Egitto e Dorothy Chen e Sara Ma dal Michigan, negli USA. Ragazzi, prima di tutto congratulazioni! tutti: Grazie. Nye: È fantastico! Questi video di candidatura devono sembrarvi lontani anni luce adesso. Chen e Ma: sì. Nye: Bene, Amr, parliamo del luogo che pochi uomini, donne, un cane, una scimmia, e ora, grazie a te, alcuni ragni saltatori hanno visitato: lo spazio. Che cosa ti attira dello spazio? Mohamed: Beh, mi piace lo spazio perché, a differenza di qualsiasi altra scienza, ovunque tu guardi nello spazio c'è un nuovo mistero, una nuova domanda sconosciuta e interessante che può ispirare la ricerca di una risposta. Con tutte le altre scienze devi andare molto oltre, approfondire molto la materia per trovare una domanda davvero stimolante. Nye: Interessante. È fantastico. Dorothy? Dorothy, Sara, come ci si sente a sapere che un esperimento ideato da voi è in corso di svolgimento nelle mani degli astronauti della NASA Portuguese: Nye: Aqui estão eles, nossos grandes vencedores! Amr Mohamed de Alexandria, Egito, e Dorothy Chen e Sara Ma de Michigan nos EUA. Pessoal, antes de tudo, parabéns! Todos: Obrigado. Nye: Isto é fantástico. Esses vídeos enviados devem parecer muito antigos hoje em dia. Chen e Ma: Sim. Nye: Agora, Amr, vamos falar sobre um local que poucos homens, mulheres, um cachorro, um macaco, e agora, graças a você, algumas aranhas saltadoras já conhecem: o espaço sideral. O que mais atrai você em relação ao espaço? Mohamed: Eu gosto do espaço porque, ao contrário de outras ciências, para onde você olhar no espaço, há um novo mistério, um novo desconhecido, uma nova pergunta interessante que inspira a busca por respostas. Nas outras ciências, é preciso ir mais longe, pesquisar profundamente para pensar em uma pergunta realmente interessante. Nye: Muito bem. Excelente. Dorothy? Dorothy, Sara, como vocês se sentem ao saber que um experimento que vocês criaram está sendo realizado por astronautas da NASA Dutch: Nye: En hier zijn ze, onze welverdiende winnaars! Amr Mohamed uit Alexandrië in Egypte, en Dorothy Chen en Sara Ma uit Michigan in de VS. Ten eerste van harte gefeliciteerd. allen: Dank je wel. Nye: Dit is fantastisch. Deze inzendingsvideo's voelen vast als heel lang geleden. Chen en Ma: Ja. Nye: Amr, laten we eens bespreken waar een paar mannen, vrouwen, een hond, een aap en nu, dankzij jou, een paar springspinnen ons zijn voorgegaan: de ruimte. Wat fascineert je aan de ruimte? Mohamed: Ik vind de ruimte interessant, omdat in tegenstelling tot andere wetenschappen, overal waar je in de ruimte kijkt je een nieuw mysterie tegenkomt, een nieuw onbekend terrein, een nieuwe interessante vraag die je inspireert om naar het antwoord te zoeken. Bij andere wetenschappen moet je veel verder gaan, je helemaal in de wetenschap verdiepen, om een echt inspirerende vraag te kunnen stellen. Nye: Dat is cool. Mooi. Dorothy? Dorothy en Sara, hoe voelt het om te weten dat een experiment dat jullie hebben bedacht wordt uitgevoerd door NASA-astronauten iw: והנה הם כאן, הזוכים המאושרים שלנו! עמר מוחמד מאלכסנדריה, מצרים ודורותי צ'אן ושרה מא ממישיגן שבארה"ב. דבר ראשון, מזל טוב! כולם: תודה. ניי: זה פנטסטי! בטח נראה כאילו סרטוני ההצעות האלה צולמו לפני זמן רב. צ'ן ומא: כן. ניי: עמר, בוא נדון בגבורה במקום שאליו הגיעו גברים ונשים מעטים, כלב, קוף, וכעת, הודות לך, גם כמה עכבישים קופצים - החלל החיצון. מה מושך אותך בחלל? מוחמד: אני אוהב את החלל כי בניגוד לכל מדע אחר, בכל מקום שאליו תסתכל בחלל, יש מסתורין חדש, משהו חדש ובלתי ידוע, שאלה מעניינת חדשה שממריצה אותך לחפש תשובה. בכל מדע אחר צריכים להתעמק הרבה יותר כדי לחשוב על שאלה באמת מעוררת השראה. ניי: זה נהדר. זה נפלא. דורותי? דורותי, שרה איך זה מרגיש לדעת שניסוי שאתן תכננתן מבוצע על ידי אסטרונאוטים של נאס"א English: Nye: And here they are, our worthy winners! Amr Mohamed from Alexandria, Egypt, and Dorothy Chen and Sara Ma from Michigan in the USA. Guys, first and foremost, congratulations! all: Thank you. Nye: This is fantastic! These entry videos must seem like a long time ago now. Chen and Ma: Yes. Nye: Now, Amr, let's boldly discuss where a few men, women, a dog, a monkey, and now, thanks to you, some jumping spiders have gone before-- outer space. What is it about space that grabs you? Mohamed: Well, I like space because, unlike any other science, everywhere you look in space, there's a new mystery, a new unknown, a new interesting question to inspire one's look for an answer. And any other science, you have to go further than that very deep into the science to come up with a really inspiring question. Nye: That's cool. That's great. Dorothy? Dorothy, Sara, how does it feel to know that an experiment that you thought up is being carried out by NASA astronauts Spanish: Nye: Y aquí están los merecidos ganadores. Amr Mohamed de Alejandría (Egipto) y Dorothy Chen y Sara Ma de Michigan (EE.UU.). Chicos, ante todo, ¡enhorabuena! Todos: Gracias. Nye: ¡Esto es fantástico! Os debe de parecer que hicisteis estos vídeos para participar hace una eternidad. Chen y Ma: Sí. Nye: Bueno, Amr, hablemos sin tapujos del lugar al que algunos hombres, mujeres, un perro, un mono y, ahora, gracias a ti, algunas arañas saltadoras ya han viajado: el espacio exterior. ¿Qué es lo que te atrae del espacio? Mohamed: Bueno, el espacio me gusta porque, a diferencia de cualquier otra ciencia, en cualquier parte del espacio que observes, se esconde un nuevo misterio, una nueva incógnita y una nueva pregunta interesante que sirve de inspiración para buscar una respuesta. Y, para cualquier otra ciencia, tienes que ir mucho más allá, tienes que indagar mucho en la ciencia para formular una pregunta realmente inspiradora. Nye: Eso es genial. Es fantástico. ¿Dorothy? Dorothy y Sara, ¿qué se siente al saber que un experimento que habéis ideado lo van a llevar a cabo astronautas de la NASA Czech: Nye: A tady je máme, naše zasloužilé vítěze. Amr Mohamed z egyptské Alexandrie a Dorothy Chen a Sara Ma z amerického Michiganu. Přátelé, především vám chci poblahopřát. Všichni: Děkujeme. Nye: Je to skvělé. Musíte mít pocit, že vaše soutěžní videa vznikla už hodně dávno. Chen a Ma: Ano. Nye: Takže, Amre, pojďme se hrdě bavit o místech, kam se dosud vydalo několik mužů, žen, psů, jedna opice a díky tobě i nějací skákající pavouci – o hlubokém vesmíru. Co tě na vesmíru tak fascinuje? Mohamed: Mám rád kosmický výzkum, protože na rozdíl od jiných vědeckých oborů je vesmír plný tajemství, všude kolem je něco nového, nové nezodpovězené otázky, které vás mohou inspirovat k hledání odpovědí. V jiných oborech musíte hledat důkladněji, musíte se opravdu ponořit, abyste přišli na nějakou novou a inspirující otázku. Nye: To je fakt. Výborně. Dorothy? Dorothy, Saro, jaký to je pocit, když víte, že experiment, který jste vymyslely, budou astronauti NASA provádět ve vesmíru Italian: sulla Stazione Spaziale Internazionale nello spazio? Ma: Di sicuro è molto surreale pensare che la nostra idea, quella a cui stavamo pensando tanti mesi fa è davvero in corso di svolgimento sull'I.S.S. Chen: È un grandissimo onore. Nye: È la vostra creatura. È fantastico. Guardatevi. Siete fantastici, ragazzi. Chen: Siamo emozionati. Nye: È molto bello. Vedremo i risultati tra pochi minuti. Dunque Amr, ma il vostro premio non finiva qui. Cioè, c'è dell'altro. Tu sei anche andato in Russia, dico bene? E hai seguito l'addestramento necessario per diventare un cosmonauta a tutti gli effetti. Vediamo come è andata. Mohamed: Sono sempre stato affascinato dalla scienza perché con una manciata di equazioni posso spiegare il mondo intorno a me. L'idea di inviare un esperimento nello spazio è la cosa più emozionante che abbia mai sentito in vita mia. Sono molto grato di essere qui a Star City French: depuis la Station spatiale internationale… dans l'espace ? J'ai du mal à y croire ! Le fait que le projet auquel nous réfléchissions il y a plusieurs mois soit mené sur la Station spatiale internationale… – C'est un tel honneur… – Oui, c'est votre projet… C'est super. Vous devez être très fières ! – On est impatientes ! – Je vous comprends. Nous allons connaître les résultats dans quelques minutes. Pour toi, Amr, l'aventure ne s'est pas arrêtée là. Tu es allé en Russie, n'est-ce pas ? Tu as suivi l'entraînement nécessaire pour devenir un vrai cosmonaute. Voyons comment tu t'es débrouillé. La science m'a toujours fasciné. Avec quelques équations, je peux expliquer le monde qui m'entoure. L'envoi d'une expérience dans l'espace est le projet le plus passionnant qu'on m'ait proposé. C'est un réel honneur d'être ici à Star City Arabic: في محطة الفضاء الدولية (ISS) في الفضاء؟ ما: إن الأمر حقًا وبكل تأكيد كالحلم، أن نظن أن فكرتنا، التي كنا نناقشها ونتبادل الآراء حولها قبل أشهر كثيرة مضت يتم تنفيذها فعلاً في محطة الفضاء الدولية (ISS). شين: إنه لشرف كبير. ناي: إنها فكرتك. أمر رائع. لا بد أنكم فخورون بأنفسكم. أمر رائع يا شباب. شين: نشعر بالحماس. ناي: هذا لطيف جدًا. سنرى النتائج خلال دقائق قليلة. عمرو، هذا لا يشكل جائزتك كلها. أقصد، أن هناك أكثر من ذلك. فقد ذهبت أيضًا إلى روسيا، أليس كذلك؟ وحصلت على التدريب اللازم لتصبح رائد فضاء روسي مؤهل تأهيلاً تامًا. إذن هيا بنا نتعرف على ما فعلته هناك. محمد: كنت شغوفًا دائمًا بالعلم لأنني أعتقد أن بإمكاني تفسير تركيبة العالم من حولي ببعض المعادلات. تعد فكرة الاشتراك بتجربة يتم إجراؤها في الفضاء أكثر الأفكار التي سمعت عنها إثارة في حياتي. أشعر بالكثير من الامتنان لوجودي في مدينة ستار سيتي Spanish: en la Estación Espacial Internacional en el espacio? Ma: Es definitivamente muy surrealista pensar que nuestra idea, tú sabes, la que inventamos hace tantos meses realmente se está realizando en la EEI. Chen: Es un honor tan grande. Nye: Es su invento. Es genial. Mírense. Es estupendo chicas. Chen: Estamos emocionadas. Nye: Eso es muy bueno. Vamos a ver los resultados en apenas unos minutos. Así que Amr, este no es el total de tu premio. Quiero decir, hay mucho más. También fuiste a Rusia, ¿no es así? Y recibiste la capacitación necesaria para convertirte en un cosmonauta completamente calificado. Veamos cómo hiciste. Mohamed: La ciencia siempre me fascinó porque me permite explicar el mundo que me rodea a través de un puñado de ecuaciones. La posibilidad de enviar un experimento al espacio es lo más emocionante que he escuchado en mi vida. Estoy muy agradecido por estar aquí en Star City Polish: na Międzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej na orbicie? Ma: To coś niezwykłego mieć świadomość, że nasz pomysł, który opracowałyśmy tyle miesięcy temu, faktycznie jest realizowany na MSK. Chen: To zaszczyt. Nye: To wasze dzieło. Doskonale. Spójrzcie na siebie. Jesteście wspaniałe. Chen: Cieszymy się. Nye: To bardzo miłe. Wyniki zobaczymy już za parę minut. Amr, to nie cała twoja nagroda. Jest jeszcze coś. Byłeś w Rosji, prawda? Odbyłeś szkolenie, które pozwala zostać prawdziwym kosmonautą. Zobaczmy, jak ci poszło. Mohamed: Zawsze pasjonowała mnie nauka, bo dzięki paru równaniom mogę wytłumaczyć świat wokół mnie. Wysłanie eksperymentu naukowego w kosmos to najwspanialsza rzecz, o jakiej słyszałem. Bardzo się cieszę, że mogę przejść szkolenie Japanese: 実際に行われることについては どう思う？ サラ: 信じられない 数か月前に私たちが考えた実験が 本当にISSで 実際に行われるなんて ドロシー: 本当に名誉なことです ナイ: お手柄だね すごいことだ 君たちは本当にすごい ドロシー: ドキドキしてます ナイ: そうだね 結果は数分後に判明するよ モハマドにはさらに 特典があったよね ロシアに行って 正式な宇宙飛行士になるための 訓練を受けたんだよね？ ちょっとその様子を見てみよう モハマド: 科学はずっと好きでした 方程式を使って 身近な現象を 説明できるから 宇宙に実験を送るなんて 今までの人生の中で 最もエキサイティングなことです スターシティに来て German: durchgeführt wird? Es ist wirklich abgedreht, wenn man sieht, dass unsere Idee, über die wir vor so vielen Monaten gegrübelt haben, jetzt auf der ISS tatsächlich Realität wird. Das ist wirklich eine Ehre. Es ist fantastisch. Richtig cool. Ihr könnt stolz auf euch sein. Wir sind ganz aufgeregt. Das ist doch klar. Die Ergebnisse sehen wir in wenigen Minuten. Für dich, Amr, ist das Ende der Fahnenstange aber noch nicht erreicht: Du warst in Russland, richtig? Und du hast das Training absolviert, um ein echter ausgebildeter Kosmonaut zu werden. Wir wollen mal sehen, wie du dich geschlagen hast. Ich war schon immer von Wissenschaft fasziniert. Denn mit ein paar Gleichungen lässt sich die Welt um uns herum erklären. Ein Experiment in den Weltraum zu senden, ist die tollste Idee, von der ich jemals gehört habe. Ich freue mich sehr, in der Sternenstadt zu sein Chinese: 你們有什麼感想？ 一想到我們好幾個月前 腦力激盪想出的創意 真的要在國際太空站上實行了 就覺得像一場夢 - 我覺得非常榮幸 - 你當之無愧 太酷了 快看看自己 你們棒極了 - 我們很興奮 - 那是當然 幾分鐘後 實驗結果就會揭曉 Amr，你贏得的獎項不僅於此 還有更有趣的經歷 你去了一趟俄羅斯 親身體驗 在成為完全合格的太空人之前 必須經歷的培訓 我們一起來看看這段歷程 我一向對科學十分著迷 因為只要用幾個方程式 就能合理解釋周遭事物 將實驗送上太空 簡直是棒透了 我從沒聽過這麼棒的點子 真的很高興能夠來到星城 Czech: na Mezinárodní vesmírné stanici? Ma: Je to naprosto neskutečné, když si představím, že právě ten jeden pokus, který jsme plánovaly před tolika měsíci, bude doopravdy uskutečněn na ISS. Chen: Je to veliká čest. Nye: Bude to vaše chvíle. To je skvělé. Kdo by to byl řekl. Je to prostě skvělé. Chen: Moc se těšíme. Nye: To je dobře. Výsledky uvidíme již za několik minut. Amre, tohle ale není celá vaše odměna. Chci říct, je toho víc, ne? Byl jsi totiž také v Rusku. Zažil jsi trénink, kterým procházejí skuteční kosmonauti. Podívejme se, jak se ti vedlo. Mohamed: Věda mě vždycky fascinovala. Stačí pár rovnic a mám vysvětlení všeho kolem sebe. Nápad poslat experiment do vesmíru je to nejúžasnější, co jsem v životě slyšel. Jsem velmi vděčný, že mohu být zde v Hvězdném městečku Dutch: in het ISS in de ruimte? Ma: Het is echt onwerkelijk om te bedenken dat ons idee, het idee dat we zo veel maanden geleden hebben bedacht, daadwerkelijk wordt uitgevoerd in het ISS. Chen: Het is echt een hele grote eer. Nye: Het is echt jullie ding. Het is cool. Moet je jullie eens zien. Het is echt fantastisch. Chen: We vinden het superspannend. Nye: Dat is mooi. Over een paar minuten krijgen we de resultaten te zien. Amr, dit is niet alles wat je hebt gewonnen. Er is nog meer. Je bent ook naar Rusland gegaan, toch? En je hebt de training mogen volgen die nodig is om een gekwalificeerde kosmonaut te worden. Laten we eens kijken hoe dat ging. Mohamed: Ik ben altijd al gefascineerd geweest door wetenschap omdat ik met een handvol vergelijkingen de wereld om me heen kan verklaren. Het idee om een experiment de ruimte in te sturen, is het spannendste dat ik ooit heb gehoord. Ik ben heel dankbaar dat ik hier in Sterrenstad mag zijn Russian: на Международной космической станции? МА. В это даже поверить сложно! Мы придумали наш эксперимент всего несколько месяцев назад с помощью мозгового штурма, а сегодня он проводится на МКС. ЧЕН. Это очень почетно. НАЙ. Да, ваш эксперимент выиграл. И он очень интересен. Это здорово! ЧЕН. Мы волнуемся. НАЙ. Ничего страшного. Мы увидим результаты уже через несколько минут. Но скажи-ка мне, Амир, это ведь ещё не всё? Я имею в виду, были ведь и другие призы. Тебе удалось побывать в России, не так ли? И там ты прошел полный курс подготовки космонавта? Давайте посмотрим, как это было. МУХАММЕД. Наука всегда меня увлекала, потому что она может объяснить происходящее вокруг нас с помощью нескольких десятков уравнений. Придумать эксперимент и провести его в космосе – это самое интересное из того, что я мог себе представить. Я счастлив оказаться здесь, в Звездном городке, Korean: 알고 느낌이 어떤가요? 우리가 수개월 전에 짜냈던 그 아이디어가 실제로 국제 우주 정거장에서 이루어진다고 생각하니 정말 믿을 수 없어요. Dorothy: 대단히 영광이에요. Nye: 여러분이 해낸거죠. 멋져요. 여러분은 정말 대단해요. Dorothy: 정말 신나요. Nye: 아주 좋아요. 이제 몇 분 후면 결과를 보게 됩니다. 자, Amr, 이것이 상의 전부가 아니죠. 제 말은, 다른 것이 있었어요. 러시아에도 갔었죠? 그리고 완전히 자격을 갖춘 우주비행사가 되는 데 필요한 교육도 받았어요. 자, 어떻게 했는지 알아봅시다. 저는 늘 과학에 매력을 느꼈어요. 몇 개의 방정식으로 제 주위의 세계를 설명할 수 있기 때문이죠. 우주에서 실험을 한다는 생각은 제 평생 들어 본 것 중에서 가장 신나는 일이에요. 여기 스타 시티에서 우주비행사 활동을 Spanish: en el espacio en la Estación Espacial Internacional? Ma: Es algo totalmente surrealista pensar que nuestra idea, es decir, la que desarrollamos hace ya tantos meses se va a llevar a cabo realmente en la Estación Espacial Internacional. Chen: Es todo un honor. Nye: Es vuestra idea. Es genial. ¡Mirad dónde estáis! Es fantástico, chicos. Chen: Estamos muy emocionadas. Nye: Es genial. Vamos a ver los resultados en tan solo unos minutos. Bueno, Amr, este no es el alcance de tu premio, es decir, hay algo más. Viajaste también a Rusia, ¿verdad? Y pudiste experimentar la formación necesaria para convertirte en un cosmonauta completamente cualificado. Veamos cómo te fue. Mohamed: Siempre me ha fascinado la ciencia porque con unas cuantas ecuaciones puedo explicar el mundo que me rodea. La idea de enviar un experimento al espacio es lo más emocionante que he oído en mi vida. Estoy muy agradecido por estar aquí en Star City English: on the International Space Station in space? Ma: It's definitely really surreal to think that our idea, you know, the one that we were brainstorming so many months ago is actually being conducted on the I.S.S. Chen: It's really such an honor. Nye: It's your thing. It's cool. Look at you. It's great, you guys. Chen: We're excited. Nye: That's very nice. We're gonna see the results in just a few minutes. So Amr, this isn't the extend of your prize. I mean, there's more to it. You also went to Russia, didn't you? And you experienced the training needed to become a fully qualified cosmonaut. So let's see how you did. Mohamed: I've always been fascinated by science because with a handful of equations, I can explain the world around me. The idea of sending an experiment to space is the most exciting thing that I have ever heard in my life. I'm very grateful to be here in Star City iw: בתחנת החלל הבינלאומית בחלל? מא: זה בלתי נתפס, לחשוב שהרעיון שלנו, זה שעשינו עליו סיעור מוחות לפני כל כך הרבה חודשים באמת מבוצע בתחנת החלל הבינלאומית. צ'ן: זה כבוד גדול. ניי: זה משהו שאתם עשיתן. זה מגניב. תראו אתכן, זה נהדר. צ'ן: אנחנו מתרגשות. ניי: זה נחמד מאוד. אנחנו נראה את התוצאות בעוד מספר דקות. עאמר, זה לא כל הפרס שלך. כלומר, יש עוד. אתה גם נסעת לרוסיה, נכון? והתנסית בהכשרה הדרושה כדי להפוך לקוסמונאוט מוסמך. בוא נראה איך הצלחת. מוחמד: המדע תמיד ריתק אותי משום שבעזרת כמה משוואות, אני יכול להסביר איך פועל העולם שמסביבי. הרעיון לשלוח ניסוי לחלל הוא הדבר הכי מלהיב ששמעתי עליו בחיי. אני אסיר תודה להיות כאן בעיר הכוכבים Portuguese: na Estação Espacial Internacional, no espaço? Ma: Definitivamente, é algo surreal pensar que nossa ideia, a ideia que criamos muitos meses atrás está sendo realmente conduzida na estação espacial. Chen: É uma grande honra. Nye: É de vocês. Muito bom. Olhem para vocês. É incrível, pessoal. Chen: Estamos animados. Nye: Que legal. Vamos ver os resultados em alguns instantes. Amr, esse não é seu único prêmio. Digo, tem mais. Você foi para a Rússia, não? E conheceu o treinamento que é preciso para ser tornar um cosmonauta completo. Vamos ver como você se saiu. Mohamed: Sempre fui fascinado pela ciência porque, com algumas equações, consigo explicar o mundo a meu redor. Enviar um experimento ao espaço é a ideia mais incrível que já ouvi na minha vida. Agradeço por estar aqui na Cidade das Estrelas Spanish: y por probar todas las actividades de sus cosmonautas. Fue increíble experimentar la fuerza G de la inserción y el aterrizaje. Además, realmente estoy muy ansioso por los vuelos al espacio. Me sorprendió mucho la cantidad de equipos que los astronautas tienen que estudiar antes de usar el traje espacial en gravedad cero simulada. Es más difícil de lo que parece. Ha sido fantástico probarse el traje espacial y venir aquí a Star City y probar todas las actividades de los cosmonautas. Definitivamente me cambió. Nye: Bastante bien. Amr, ¿eso te generó ganas de convertirte en cosmonauta? Mohamed: Ha sido fascinante, y ahora tengo que convertirme en un cosmonauta, creo. Nye: Todos lo esperamos. Mándanos un salud cuando llegues allí. Mohamed: De acuerdo. Nye: Así que Dorothy, Sara, French: et de découvrir toutes les activités des cosmonautes. Ressentir la force de la gravité du décollage et de l'atterrissage a été une expérience extraordinaire. J'ai hâte de connaître mon premier vol dans l'espace ! J'ai été surpris par tous les instruments dont les astronautes doivent apprendre à se servir avant d'enfiler leur combinaison pour le simulateur d'apesanteur ! C'est plus complexe qu'il n'y paraît. Ça a été extraordinaire d'enfiler la combinaison spatiale, de venir à Star City et de découvrir le quotidien des cosmonautes… Cette expérience m'a profondément marqué. Pas mal du tout ! Est-ce que ça t'a donné envie de devenir cosmonaute ? Après une telle expérience, je n'ai pas le choix ! J'ai hâte de voir ça. Tu nous feras un petit coucou de là-haut ! – Ça marche. – Dorothy, Sara, Dutch: om alle kosmonautenactiviteiten uit te proberen. Het was fantastisch om de G-kracht te ervaren van de koppeling en de landing. Ik kijk ook erg uit naar de ruimtevlucht. Ik was erg verrast door de hoeveelheid apparatuur die astronauten moeten bestuderen voordat ze het ruimtepak mogen dragen in gesimuleerde gewichtloosheid. Het is moeilijker dan het lijkt. Het was fantastisch om het ruimtepak te proberen en hier naar Sterrenstad te komen om alle kosmonautenactiviteiten te proberen. Het heeft me als mens echt veranderd. Nye: Niet slecht. Amr, heeft dat je geïnspireerd om kosmonaut te worden? Mohamed: Het was echt fascinerend, en nu moet ik denk ik wel kosmonaut worden. Nye: We kijken er allemaal naar uit. Zwaai naar ons als je er bent. Mohamed: Zal ik doen. Nye: Dus, Dorothy en Sara, Chinese: 嘗試各種太空人培訓活動 這是非常棒的體驗 讓我能夠感受到 進入大氣層 以及著陸時的重力加速度 我也很期待太空飛行之旅 我很驚訝 太空人必須先研究 這麼多的裝備 才能穿上太空衣 進行失重狀態模擬訓練 這可比看起來難多了 我很高興能穿上太空衣 還有來到星城 嘗試各種太空人的活動 這一切確實改變了我的人生 挺不賴的 Amr，你嚐到了成為太空人的滋味嗎？ 那段經歷很迷人 我想我現在必須當個太空人了 我們都很期待 抵達時記得跟我們招招手 - 沒問題 - Dorothy 和 Sara Arabic: وتجربة جميع أنشطة رواد الفضاء الروس. وقد استمتعت كثيرًا بخوض تجربة قوة الجاذبية عند الدخول والهبوط. كما أنني حقًا أتطلع للذهاب في رحلات إلى الفضاء. وكنت مندهشًا للغاية من كم المعدات التي يجب على رائد الفضاء دراستها قبل ارتداء بذلة الفضاء في مكان يحاكى فيه انعدام الجاذبية. والأمر أصعب مما يبدو. وقد استمتعت كثيرًا بارتداء بذلة الفضاء والحضور هنا إلى ستار سيتي وتجربة جميع أنشطة رواد الفضاء الروس. وقد غيّرتني هذه التجربة بكل تأكيد. ناي: ليس سيئًا. عمرو، هل شعرت هناك بأنك رائد فضاء روسي؟ محمد: كان الأمر مذهلاً، والآن عليّ أن أصبح رائد فضاء روسيًا، على ما أعتقد. ناي: نحن جميعًا نتطلع إلى ذلك. لوِّح إلينا عندما تصعد إلى الفضاء. محمد: سأفعل. ناي: دورثي وسارة، English: and to try all their cosmonaut activities. It has been amazing to experience the G-force of the insertion and the landing. Also, I'm really looking forward to the space flights. I was very surprised by the amount of equipment that the astronauts have to study before wearing the space suit in simulated zero gravity. It's harder than it seems. It has been amazing to try the space suit and come here to Star City and try all the cosmonaut activities. It definitely has changed me. Nye: Not bad. Amr, did that give you a taste for becoming a cosmonaut? Mohamed: It has been fascinating, and now I have to become a cosmonaut, I think. Nye: We're all looking forward. Wave to us when you get up there. Mohamed: All right. Nye: So Dorothy, Sara, Korean: 하게 되어 정말 감사드려요. 삽입과 착륙의 관성력을 경험하는 것은 신기했어요. 그리고 우주 비행도 기대하고 있어요. 우주비행사들이 시뮬레이션된 무중력 상태에서 우주복을 입기 전에 공부해야 할 장비의 양에 매우 놀랐어요. 보기보다 훨씬 어려워요 우주복을 입어보고 여기 스타 시티에 와서 우주비행사 활동을 해보는 것은 놀라운 경험이었어요. 제가 변화하는 계기가 되었어요. 좋아요. Amr, 그 활동이 우주비행사가 되고자 하는 동기가 되었나요? 정말 환상적이었어요. 이제 우주비행사가 되어야 겠다고 생각해요. 우리 모두 기대하겠습니다. 우주에 가면 우리한테 손을 흔들어 주세요. Amr: 네, 그렇게 할께요. Nye: 자, Dorothy, Sara, Polish: dla kosmonautów w Gwiezdnym Miasteczku. Fajnie było poczuć przeciążenia jak podczas wejścia na orbitę i lądowania. Nie mogę się doczekać, aż włożę skafander kosmiczny. Zdziwiło mnie, ile sprzętu poznają astronauci, zanim zaczną nosić skafander kosmiczny przy symulowanym braku grawitacji. To trudniejsze niż się wydaje. Wspaniale było przyjechać do Gwiezdnego Miasteczka, założyć skafander kosmiczny i robić wszystko to, co robią kosmonauci. To doświadczenie mnie zmieniło. Nye: Nieźle. Amr, czy po tym chciałbyś zostać kosmonautą? Mohamed: To było fascynujące. Teraz chyba muszę zostać kosmonautą. Nye: Będziemy na to czekać. Pomachaj do nas z orbity. Mohamed: Dobrze. Nye: Dorothy, Sara, Czech: a vyzkoušet si aktivity kosmonautů. Bylo úžasné vyzkoušet přetížení, jaké působí při startu a přistání. Velmi se těším na trénink ve skafandru. Překvapilo mě, kolik různých pomůcek musí kosmonaut znát, než může obléci skafandr a zahájit simulaci nulové gravitace. Je to těžší, než se zdá. Bylo úžasné přijít sem do Hvězdného městečka, obléci skafandr a vyzkoušet si aktivity kosmonautů. Velmi mě to změnilo. Nye: Zajímavé. Amre, máš teď touhu stát se kosmonautem? Mohamed: Bylo to fascinující a myslím, že teď prostě musím být kosmonaut. Nye: Všichni se na to těšíme. Tak nám zamávej, až budeš tam nahoře. Mohamed: Jasně. Nye: Dorothy, Saro, German: und Astronaut spielen zu dürfen. Es ist spannend, die Beschleunigungskraft bei Wiedereintritt und Landung zu spüren. Ich bin auch schon sehr gespannt auf die Raumflüge. Überraschend war für mich, wie viel Equipment Astronauten kennen müssen, bis sie mit dem Raumanzug in die simulierte Schwerelosigkeit dürfen. Das ist schwerer, als es aussieht. Das Training im Raumanzug hat mir besonders gut gefallen. Es war toll, in die Sternenstadt zu reisen und einmal Astronaut sein zu dürfen. Dieses Erlebnis hat mich wirklich geprägt. Nicht schlecht. Amr, hat dich das auf den Geschmack gebracht, Kosmonaut zu werden? Es war so faszinierend, jetzt muss ich wohl Kosmonaut werden, ja. Wir alle freuen uns darauf. Wink mal runter, wenn du da oben bist. Mache ich. Nun zu Dorothy und Sara. Spanish: y poder probar todas las actividades para cosmonautas. Ha sido increíble poder experimentar la fuerza G de la inserción y del aterrizaje. También estoy deseando probar los vuelos espaciales. Me sorprendió mucho todo el material que deben examinar los astronautas antes de ponerse el traje espacial en la gravedad cero simulada, ya que es más duro de lo que parece. Ha sido increíble poder probar el traje espacial, venir aquí a Star City y poder probar todas las actividades para cosmonautas. Esta experiencia ha cambiado mi vida por completo. Nye: No está mal. Amr, ¿esta experiencia ha despertado tu interés en convertirte en cosmonauta? Mohamed: Ha sido una experiencia fascinante y ahora creo que tengo que convertirme en cosmonauta. Nye: Todos deseamos que así sea. Envíanos un saludo cuando subas ahí arriba. Mohamed: De acuerdo. Nye: Bueno, Dorothy y Sara, Russian: участвовать в подготовке космонавтов и испытать на себе перегрузки, которым подвергается корабль при выходе на орбиту или посадке. Кроме того, мне не терпится залезть в космический скафандр. Меня очень удивило, что астронавты, прежде чем надеть скафандр и пройти испытание в условиях искусственной невесомости, должны научиться работать с огромным количеством оборудования. Это труднее, чем кажется. Было очень интересно попасть в Звездный городок, примерить скафандр и пройти тренировки для космонавтов. Теперь я чувствую себя другим человеком. НАЙ. Очень интересно! Амир, ты и в самом деле узнал, что же это такое – быть космонавтом? МУХАММЕД. Это было очень интересно. Надеюсь, я смогу стать космонавтом. НАЙ. Мы все с нетерпением ждем этого. Не забудь помахать нам из космоса! МУХАММЕД. Непременно! НАЙ. Итак, Дороти, Сара, Italian: a provare tutte le attività dei cosmonauti. È stato incredibile provare la forza g dell'entrata in orbita e dell'atterraggio. Sono anche molto impaziente di seguire l'addestramento per il volo spaziale. Mi ha sorpreso molto la quantità di attrezzature che gli astronauti devono studiare prima di indossare la tuta spaziale in assenza di gravità simulata. È più dura di quanto sembri. È stato fantastico provare la tuta spaziale e venire qui a Star City a provare tutte le attività dei cosmonauti. Mi ha sicuramente cambiato. Nye: Niente male. Amr, tutto questo ti ha fatto venire voglia di diventare un cosmonauta? Mohamed: È stato affascinante, ora dovrò diventare un cosmonauta, credo. Nye: Te lo auguriamo tutti. Facci un cenno quando arrivi lassù. Mohamed: Va bene. Nye: Allora, Dorothy, Sara, iw: ולנסות את כל הפעילויות של טיסת החלל שלהם. היה מדהים לחוות את כוח הכבידה של הכניסה לאטמוספירה והנחיתה. אני גם ממש מצפה לטיסות החלל. הופתעתי מאוד מכמות הציוד שהאסטרונאוטים חייבים להכיר לפני לבישת חליפת החלל בהדמייה של חוסר משקל. זה יותר קשה משזה נראה. זה היה מדהים למדוד את חליפת החלל ולבוא לכאן לעיר הכוכבים כדי לנסות את כל הפעילויות של הקוסמונאוטים. החוויה בהחלט שינתה אותי. ניי: לא רע. עאמר, זה עשה לך חשק להפוך לקוסמונאוט? מוחמד: זה היה מרתק, ועכשיו נראה לי שאני חייב להפוך לקוסמונאוט. ניי: כולנו מצפים לכך. נופף לנו כשתגיע לשם. דורותי, שרה, Portuguese: e conhecer as atividades dos cosmonautas. É uma experiência incrível testar a força G da inserção e da aterrissagem. E estou ansioso por ver as viagens espaciais. Fiquei surpreso com a quantidade de equipamentos que os astronautas precisam estudar antes de vestir o traje espacial na simulação da gravidade zero. É mais difícil do que parece. Foi maravilhoso vestir o traje espacial, ter vindo aqui para a Cidade das Estrelas e conhecer as atividades dos cosmonautas. Com certeza nunca vou esquecer. Nye: Nada mal. Amr, você teve a sensação de como é ser um cosmonauta? Mohamed: Foi fascinante, e acho que vou me tornar um cosmonauta. Nye: Esperamos que sim. Acene para nós quando estiver lá em cima. Mohamed: Pode deixar. Nye: Dorothy, Sara, Japanese: 宇宙飛行士の訓練を 受けられて嬉しい 打ち上げや着陸のときの 加速度を体験できたのは すばらしかった 宇宙飛行を本当に楽しみにしています すごく驚いたのは、宇宙飛行士が とてもたくさんの機器の操作を 覚えなければ 宇宙服を着て無重力シミュレーションを 行えないことです 思ったよりとても難しかった 宇宙服を試せたり スターシティに来て 宇宙飛行士の活動を体験できたのは すばらしい経験です 僕の人生が本当に変わりました ナイ: いいね モハマドは、宇宙飛行士になりたいと 思った？ モハマド: すごく面白くて 今では真剣に宇宙飛行士になりたいと 思ってます ナイ: 期待してるよ 打ち上げのときは僕たちに手を振ってね モハマド: はい ナイ: ドロシー、サラ iw: אתן נסעתן ליפן, כדי לצפות בשיגור הטיל עם הניסוי שלכן. אני מניחה שהייתן צריכות לסמוך עליהם שיעשו את זה כמו שצריך. מא: כן. צ'ן: ידענו שהם יצליחו. ניי: בואו נראה. צ'ן: הדבר שאני הכי מצפה לו בביקור שלי ביפן הוא שיגור הטיל. אני חושבת שזה משהו שאנשים רגילים לא זוכים לראות. זה לא משהו שאתה זוכה לצפות בו. מא: זה הכי קרוב שאי פעם נוכל להגיע לצפייה בשיגור טיל ותמיד רציתי לראות שיגור, מאז שהייתי ילדה קטנה. צ'ן: זה מאוד מרגש שהניסוי שלנו מתבצע כעת. - וואו! French: vous êtes allées au Japon pour le lancement de la fusée emmenant votre projet dans l'espace. Vous avez dû vous en remettre à eux ! – Oui. – On leur fait confiance. Regardons la vidéo. Ce que j'attends avec impatience, au cours de ma visite au Japon, c'est le lancement de la fusée. C'est un événement auquel peu de personnes auront la chance d'assister dans leur vie. C'est sûrement la seule chance que nous aurons de voir le lancement d'une fusée. Il s'agit d'un rêve d'enfance. C'est une chance extraordinaire que notre projet ait été sélectionné. – Wahou ! Czech: vy jste vyrazily do Japonska a sledovaly start rakety se svým experimentem. Musely jste mít důvěru, že udělají všechno správně. Ma: To jo. Chen: Věděly jsme, že to zvládnou. Nye: Podívejme se na to. Chen: Z návštěvy Japonska se nejvíc těším na start rakety. Myslím, že je to něco, co většina lidí nikdy neuvidí. Je vzácné něco takového sledovat. Ma: Toto je nejblíže, jak se můžeme dostat ke startu rakety. Chtěla jsem to vidět už od dětství. Chen: Moc mě těší, že je náš experiment na palubě. Jóó! Korean: 여러분들은 일본에 가서 실험이 실린 로켓을 보았죠. 실험이 잘 될거라고 믿었겠죠? Sara: 네. Dorothy: 성공할 거라는 것을 알고 있었어요. 그러면 함께 보도록 하죠. 일본을 방문하는 동안 제가 가장 기대했던 것은 로켓 발사에요. 보통 사람들이 그냥 가서 볼 수 있는 것이 아니잖아요. 아무데서나 볼 수 있는 것이 아니라고 생각해요. 여기가 로켓 발사를 볼 수 있는 가장 가까운 곳이에요. 저는 어릴 때부터 항상 로켓 발사를 보고 싶었어요. 우리 실험이 지금 로켓 안에 있어서 너무 흥분돼요. - 와! Spanish: ustedes viajaron hasta Japón, ¿no es así? para ver despegar el cohete con su experimento. Supongo que tuvieron que confiar en que ellos lo harían bien. Ma: Sí. Chen: Sabíamos que así sería. Nye: Bien, hablemos sobre eso. Chen: Lo que espero con más ansias durante mi visita a Japón probablemente es el lanzamiento del cohete. Quiero decir, creo que es algo que las personas normales simplemente no pueden ver. No es algo que uno pueda presenciar. Ma: Esto es lo más cercano que podremos estar y ver el lanzamiento de un cohete, y siempre he querido ver uno desde que era niña. Chen: Creo que es muy emocionante que nuestro experimento actualmente esté a bordo. ¡Wow! German: Ihr beiden seid nach Japan gereist, um die Rakete mit eurem Experiment starten zu sehen. Ihr wart schon davon überzeugt, dass sie das richtig machen, oder? Ja, kein Zweifel. Wollen wir uns das mal ansehen? In Japan habe ich mich wohl am meisten auf den Start der Rakete gefreut. Das ist ein Ereignis, das die meisten Menschen nie zu sehen bekommen. Es ist einfach etwas ganz Besonderes. Wir werden wohl nie wieder einen Raketenstart aus solcher Nähe sehen können. Schon als Kind war es mein großer Traum, so etwas zu sehen. Dass unser Experiment jetzt da an Bord ist, ist schon ganz schön aufregend. Wow! Portuguese: vocês foram para o Japão para assistir ao lançamento de um foguete levando o experimento de vocês. Vocês devem ter confiado que eles acertariam. Ma: Sim. Chen: Sabíamos que fariam certo. Nye: Vamos dar uma olhada. Chen: O que mais espero ver durante a visita ao Japão é o lançamento do foguete. Deve ser algo que as pessoas geralmente não conseguem ver. Não é fácil de testemunhar. Ma: É o mais perto que conseguiremos chegar do lançamento de um foguete. É algo que sempre sonhei em ver desde criança. Chen: É emocionante pensar que nosso experimento está a bordo. - Uhu! Polish: wy poleciałyście do Japonii, by zobaczyć start rakiety z waszym eksperymentem. Musiałyście wierzyć, że wszystko pójdzie dobrze. Ma: Tak. Chen: Wiedziałyśmy, że się uda. Nye: Popatrzmy. Chen: Najciekawszą rzeczą podczas wizyty w Japonii będzie dla mnie start rakiety. To coś, czego zwykli ludzie na ogół nie widują. Mało kto ma taką okazję. Ma: Start rakiety będziemy oglądać z tak bliska, jak tylko można. Marzyłam o tym od dzieciństwa. Chen: To niezwykłe, że nasz eksperyment jest na pokładzie. Spanish: si no me equivoco, vosotras viajasteis a Japón para presenciar el despegue del cohete con vuestro experimento. Imagino que habéis confiado en los expertos para que saliera bien. Ma: Sí. Chen: Sabíamos que saldría bien. Nye: Veamos cómo os fue. Chen: Lo que tengo más ganas de ver durante mi visita a Japón es probablemente el lanzamiento del cohete, ya que creo que es algo que la gente corriente no puede ver. No es algo que puedas presenciar normalmente. Ma: Esta es la mayor oportunidad que tendremos de presenciar el lanzamiento de un cohete, y siempre, desde que era pequeña, he querido verlo. Chen: Creo que es muy emocionante que nuestro experimento esté ahí dentro en este momento. - ¡Guau! Dutch: jullie gingen naar Japan om de raket met jullie experiment te zien vertrekken. Jullie moesten er maar op vertrouwen dat het goed ging. Ma: Ja. Chen: We wisten dat het goed zou gaan. Nye: Laten we eens kijken. Chen: Waar ik het meest naar uitkijk bij mijn bezoek aan Japan is waarschijnlijk de raketlancering. Dat is iets dat gewone mensen niet te zien krijgen. Dat is niet iets waar je normaal gesproken bij mag zijn. Ma: Nu komen we echt dicht in de buurt van een raketlancering, en ik heb er altijd al een willen zien, al sinds ik een kind was. Chen: Ik vind het heel spannend dat ons experiment nu aan boord is. - Woehoe! Arabic: أنتما اتجهتما إلى اليابان، لمشاهدة انطلاق الصاروخ الذي يحمل تجربتكما. أخمن أنه كان عليكما أن تثقا في القائمين على الأمر لتنفيذه بشكل سليم. ما: نعم. شين: كنا نعلم أنهم سينفذونه بشكل سليم. ناي: هيا بنا لنلق نظرة. شين: إن أكثر ما أتطلع إليه خلال زيارتي لليابان هو على الأرجح إطلاق الصاروخ. أقصد، أنني أعتقد أن ذلك ليس أمرًا يشاهده الأشخاص العاديون. ليس أمرًا يمكنك أن تشهده بسهولة. ما: إن هذا هو أقرب مكان سيكون بمقدورنا التواجد فيه لمشاهدة إطلاق صاروخ، وأنا أردت دومًا مشاهدة ذلك منذ أن كنت طفلة صغيرة. شين: أعتقد أنه من المثير للغاية أن توجد تجربتنا حاليًا على متن الصاروخ. - هوو! Chinese: 你們去了一趟日本 見證火箭載著你們的實驗升空 我猜你們非得相信實驗能安全抵達 - 沒錯 - 一定會安全抵達 我們來瞧瞧吧 在我參訪日本時 最期待的一件事 大概就是火箭升空了 我想這是一件 一般人無法親眼目睹的事 能見證火箭升空的機會十分難得 我們從來沒有 在這麼近的距離 觀看火箭升空 我從小就希望 能親眼目睹這個場景 我們的實驗目前 就在國際太空站上 真是太棒了 哇！ Japanese: 君たちは日本に行って 実験装置を積んだロケットの 打ち上げを見たんだよね 彼らがちゃんと宇宙に行ったのを見届けに サラ: はい ドロシー: ちゃんと打ち上げられました ナイ: では見てみよう ドロシー: 日本で一番 楽しみだったのは ロケットの打ち上げです 普通の人なら 見ることはほとんどないでしょう こんなチャンスは滅多にありません サラ: ロケットの打ち上げを こんな近くで見られることは 二度とないでしょう 小さい頃からずっと 一度は見てみたかった ドロシー: 私たちの実験が実際に ロケットに乗ってるなんてすごい - ワオ！ English: you guys headed over to Japan, right, to watch your rocket go with your experiment. I guess you had to trust them to get it right. Ma: Yeah. Chen: We knew they would get it. Nye: So let's take a look. Chen: What I'm most looking forward to during my visit to Japan is probably the rocket launch. I mean, I think that's something that normal people just don't get to see. That's not something you get to witness. Ma: This is the closest that we're ever gonna be able to go and see a rocket launch, and I've always wanted to see one ever since I was a little kid. Chen: I think it's very exciting that our experiment is currently on board. - Whoo! Russian: вы смогли поехать в Японию и понаблюдать за запуском ракеты с компонентами для вашего опыта. Я думаю, вы должны были доверять космонавтам. МА. Да. ЧЕН. Мы знали, что они получат их. НАЙ. Итак, давайте посмотрим. ЧЕН. Больше всего во время поездки в Японию я жду запуска ракеты. Ведь не каждому посчастливится такое увидеть. Это очень редкое событие. МА. Мы будем с близкого расстояния наблюдать старт ракеты. Я мечтала об этом с детства. ЧЕН. Больше всего меня потрясает то, что там, на борту, наш эксперимент. – Ого! Italian: voi ragazze siete andate in Giappone, se non erro, per assistere al lancio del razzo con il vostro esperimento. Immagino che abbiate dovuto fidarvi di loro per il lancio. Ma: Già. Chen: Sapevamo che sarebbe andato bene. Nye: Diamo un'occhiata. Chen: Quello che attendo con più impazienza durante la mia visita in Giappone è probabilmente il lancio del razzo. Cioè, penso che sia una cosa a cui le persone normali non possono accedere. Non è qualcosa a cui si assiste facilmente. Ma: Probabilmente è l'unica occasione che avremo di andare a vedere il lancio di un razzo e ho sempre voluto vederne uno da quando ero piccola. Penso che sia entusiasmante sapere che il nostro esperimento è attualmente a bordo. - Whoo! English: It was a very exciting moment to see, like, the rocket with our project in it and like just finally, finally we launch. Ma: You could feel the vibrations, and you could see the fire and the smoke, and it was so... it was great! Dreams really do come true. Our experiment is actually going into space, and we were just brainstorming it in a little classroom in Troy, Michigan, and now it's actually going on the I.S.S. Nye: Wow, you guys, that looked-- That just looked amazing. That was cool. How did you feel knowing your thing's launched up in space? Chen: It was an incredible feeling. I mean, it's--there's a lot of pride in it, a lot of gratefulness. There's a lot of grateful, like wow, like... I'm so glad that we had this opportunity. Ma: Yeah. So thrilling, definitely. Nye: And so we're gonna see the results in just a few minutes. Somebody's gonna report to us from orbit, for crying out loud. So now, as I mentioned before, Japanese: 私たちのプロジェクトを積んだロケットが ついに飛び立った瞬間は 感動的でした サラ: 振動が伝わってきて 火と煙が見えて 本当に最高でした！ 夢は本当に叶います 私たちの実験は宇宙へと飛び出しました ミシガン州の高校の教室で考えた 実験が 実際にISSに運ばれたんです ナイ: 本当に 本当にすばらしいね 自分たちの実験が宇宙にあるって どんな気分？ ドロシー: 信じられない感覚です たくさんの誇りと たくさんの感謝と 何というか... このチャンスに本当に感謝してます サラ: 本当にスリリング ナイ: 実験の結果はすぐにわかるから もうしばらく待ってね 軌道からレポートがあるから 喜ぶのはそれから 今は、最初に言ったように Dutch: Het was een heel spannend moment om te zien hoe de raket met ons experiment erin eindelijk werd gelanceerd. Ma: Je kon de trillingen voelen, en je zag vuur en rook, en het was zo... het was echt fantastisch! Dromen worden echt werkelijkheid. Ons experiment gaat de ruimte in. Wij hebben het gewoon maar bedacht in een klaslokaaltje in Troy in Michigan, en nu gaat het naar het ISS. Nye: Wauw, meiden, dat was echt... Dat zag er geweldig uit. Echt cool. Hoe voelde het om te weten dat je project werd gelanceerd? Chen: Het was een ongelooflijk gevoel. Je voelt je trots, en dankbaar. Je voelt je erg dankbaar, je hebt zoiets van: 'Wauw...'. Ik ben zo blij dat we deze kans hebben gekregen. Ma: Zo spannend, inderdaad. Nye: En straks zien we het resultaat, over een paar minuten. Iemand doet ons verslag vanuit een baan rond de aarde. Het moet niet gekker worden. En dan is het nu tijd, zoals ik al aankondigde, Polish: To była bardzo ekscytująca chwila, widzieć rakietę z naszym projektem, jak w końcu startuje. Ma: Czułyśmy wibracje, buchnęły płomienie i dym. To było takie... wspaniałe. Marzenia się spełniają. Eksperyment jest w drodze na orbitę. Niedawno dyskutowałyśmy w małej klasie w Troy w Michigan, a teraz nasza praca leci na MSK. Nye: Wow... To wyglądało świetnie. Kapitalnie. Co czułyście, wiedząc, że wasze dzieło leci w kosmos? Chen: To było cudowne uczucie. Czułyśmy wielką dumę i wdzięczność. Jesteśmy bardzo wdzięczne... Cieszymy się, że dano nam taką szansę. Ma: Tak. To coś wspaniałego. Nye: Wyniki zobaczymy już za kilka minut. Ktoś pokaże je nam z orbity. Niezły odlot. Teraz, jak już mówiłem wcześniej, iw: זה היה רגע מרגש מאוד, לראות את הטיל עם הפרויקט שלנו בתוכו סוף סוף ממריא. מא: היה אפשר להרגיש את הרעידות ולראות את האש והעשן, זה היה כל כך נפלא! חלומות באמת מתגשמים. הניסוי שלנו באמת יוצא לחלל. אנחנו פשוט ביצענו סיעור מוחות בכיתה קטנה בטרוי, מישיגן, ועכשיו הוא נוסע לתחנת החלל הבינלאומית. ניי: זה נראה מדהים, זה היה מגניב. איך הרגשתם כשהניסוי שלכם שוגר לחלל? צ'ן: זו היתה תחושה מדהימה. הרגשנו הרבה מאוד גאווה, והרבה הכרת תודה. היינו ממש אסירות תודה, כאילו, וואו, זה... אני מאוד שמחה שקיבלנו את ההזדמנות הזו. מא: כן, זה מרגש מאוד. בהחלט. ניי: אנחנו נראה את התוצאות בעוד מספר דקות. מישהו ידווח לנו מהמסלול סביב כדור הארץ, עד כמה שזה נשמע לא ייאמן. עכשיו, כפי שציינתי קודם, Italian: È stato un momento molto emozionante vedere il razzo con a bordo il nostro progetto e vederlo finalmente partire. Ma: Si sentivano le vibrazioni, il calore e il fumo, ed è stato proprio... fantastico! I sogni si avverano sul serio. Il nostro esperimento sta davvero andando nello spazio, tutto è stato concepito in una piccola classe di Troy, nel Michigan, e ora sta per raggiungere l'ISS. Nye: Wow, ragazze, che esperienza... Che esperienza incredibile. È stato fantastico. Come vi siete sentite sapendo che la vostra creatura era stata lanciata nello spazio? Chen: È stata una sensazione incredibile. Cioè, ci si sente molto orgogliosi e molto grati. Ci si sente molto grati e felici... Sono davvero contenta che abbiamo avuto questa opportunità. Ma: Già. È decisamente elettrizzante. Nye: E così vedremo i risultati tra pochi minuti. Qualcuno ce li comunicherà dall'orbita, dovrà gridare forte. Bene, ora, come ho detto prima, Chinese: 當火箭載著我們的實驗時 我的心臟都快跳出來了 而且最後終於升空了 你可以感受到震動 看到火焰和煙霧瀰漫 真的太棒了！ 美夢成真 我們的實驗真的前往太空了 我們在密西根州特洛伊市的小小教室中 腦力激盪的成果 如今真的到了國際太空站上 哇，各位 這真是驚人 太酷了 你們得知實驗升空進入太空時 感覺如何？ 覺得不可思議 有滿滿的驕傲感 也有滿滿的感激之情 我覺得非常感激 就像...哇... 很高興我們得到這個機會 對啊，超刺激的 幾分鐘後 實驗結果就要揭曉了 很快就有人要從軌道中 向我們回報 說不定會大哭喔 我剛剛提過 German: Es war total spannend, als die Rakete mit unserem Projekt darin endlich abhob. Alles hat vibriert. Man sah Feuer und Rauch, es war einfach... fantastisch! Träume können wirklich wahr werden. Unser Experiment fliegt in den Weltraum. Dabei haben wir es in einem kleinen Klassenzimmer in Troy, Michigan, entworfen. Und jetzt fliegt es zur ISS! Leute, das sah einfach toll aus! Richtig cool. Wie ist das, wenn die eigene Idee ins All geschossen wird? Das ist ein unglaubliches Gefühl. Wir sind total stolz und dankbar. Wir sind einfach unbeschreiblich dankbar, dass wir diese Chance bekommen haben. Das ist wirklich total spannend. Und in wenigen Minuten sehen wir die Ergebnisse. Wir schalten dann endlich live in den Orbit. Also, wie bereits erwähnt, Portuguese: Foi inesquecível ver o foguete ser lançado com nosso experimento. Ma: Dava para sentir a vibração e ver o fogo e a fumaça. Foi... foi demais! Os sonhos são realizados. Nosso experimento está indo para o espaço. Ele foi desenvolvido em uma sala de aula em Troy, Michigan, e agora está indo para a EEI. Nye: Pessoal, isso foi... Isso foi sensacional. Muito legal. Como é saber que seu experimento foi lançado ao espaço? Chen: É uma sensação indescritível. Quer dizer, fico muito honrado e muito agradecido. Há muito que agradecer, entende... Fico muito feliz por ter essa oportunidade. Ma: Sim, emocionante, com certeza. Nye: Veremos os resultados em alguns minutos. Alguém entrará em contato lá da órbita, nem acredito. E agora, como avisei no começo, Spanish: Fue un momento emocionante ver el cohete con nuestro proyecto y cómo finalmente, se llevaba a cabo el lanzamiento. Ma: Se podían sentir las vibraciones, y se podía ver el fuego y el humo, y fue tan... ¡fue genial! Los sueños realmente se hacen realidad. Nuestro experimento realmente se dirige al espacio, y lo habíamos ideado en una pequeña aula en Troy, Michigan, y ahora en verdad va en la EEI. Nye: Wow, eso fue... eso fue verdaderamente increíble. Fue genial. ¿Qué sintieron al saber de la activación de su proyecto en el espacio? Chen: Fue una sensación increíble. Quiero decir, genera mucho orgullo, mucha gratitud. Hay mucho agradecimiento... Estoy feliz de que hayamos tenido esta oportunidad. Ma: Sí. Tan emocionante, definitivamente. Nye: Y vamos a ver los resultados en apenas unos minutos. Alguien nos informará desde la órbita, ¡es sorprendente! Así que ahora, como mencioné anteriormente, Czech: Bylo velmi vzrušující sledovat raketu s naším pokusem na palubě a těšit se na start. Ma: Byly cítit vibrace, byl vidět oheň a dým, bylo to prostě úžasné. Sny se opravdu plní. Náš experiment letí do vesmíru. Ještě nedávno jsme jej vymýšlely v malé učebně v městečku Troy v Michiganu a teď je na cestě na ISS. Nye: Páni, to bylo – – to bylo naprosto úžasné. Jaký to byl pocit, když váš výtvor letěl do vesmíru? Chen: Bylo to neuvěřitelné. Jsme na to opravdu hrdé a jsme také velmi vděčné. Cítíme obrovský vděk... Jsem ráda, že jsme tuto příležitost dostaly. Ma: Ano. Je to určitě vzrušující. Nye: A na výsledek se podíváme již za pár minut. Vždyť s námi budou, pro všechno na světě, mluvit až z oběžné dráhy. Nyní se s námi, jak jsem již dříve ohlásil, French: C'était magique de voir la fusée avec notre projet enfin décoller. On sentait les vibrations, on voyait les flammes et la fumée, c'était spectaculaire ! Notre rêve est devenu réalité. Notre projet est réellement parti dans l'espace. Je nous revois encore nous creuser la tête à Troy, dans le Michigan. Aujourd'hui, notre projet part pour la Station spatiale internationale ! Eh bien ! C'est incroyable ! Quel effet ça vous a fait que votre projet parte dans l'espace ? Un effet incroyable ! Nous sommes très fières, mais aussi très reconnaissantes. Nous sommes si heureuses d'avoir eu cette opportunité. Oui, ça a été incroyable… Et nous allons connaître les résultats dans quelques minutes seulement. Ils vont nous être annoncés depuis l'espace, vous rendez-vous compte ? Comme je le disais, Arabic: لقد كانت لحظة مثيرة للغاية أن نشاهد الصاروخ يحمل مشروعنا على متنه لكي يتم إطلاقه في النهاية. ما: كان بإمكاننا الشعور بالاهتزازات، ومشاهدة النيران والدخان، وكان ذلك رائعًا للغاية. الأحلام تتحقق حقًا. إن تجربتنا تنطلق فعلاً إلى الفضاء، وكل ما فعلنا هو أننا كنا نتبادل الأفكار في فصل دراسي صغير في تروي بميشيغان، والآن تتوجه التجربة فعلاً إلى محطة الفضاء الدولية (ISS). ناي: واو، أيها الشباب، بدا ذلك-- بدا ذلك مدهشًا، ورائعًا. كيف كان شعوركما وأنتما تعلمان أن تجربتكما تنطلق نحو الفضاء؟ شين: كان شعورًا لا يصدق. أقصد، أننا شعرنا بالكثير من الفخر، والامتنان. لقد كنا ممتنين للغاية وكنت أشعر، واو... بسعادة بالغة أن هذه الفرصة أتيحت لنا. ما: نعم. لقد غمرتنا الفرحة، بكل تأكيد. ناي: ونحن الآن سنشاهد النتائج بعد دقائق قليلة. شخص ما سيوافينا بالأخبار من المدار، أمر مثير حقًا. الآن، وكما ذكرت من قبل، Spanish: Ha sido un momento muy emocionante ver el cohete con nuestro proyecto dentro y presenciar finalmente el lanzamiento. Ma: Podías sentir las vibraciones y ver el fuego y el humo. Ha sido tan... ¡Ha sido genial! Los sueños realmente se cumplen. Nuestro experimento está realmente viajando al espacio. Hace poco estábamos debatiendo la idea en una pequeña clase en Troy (Michigan, EE.UU.) y ahora va camino de la Estación Espacial Internacional. Nye: Vaya, chicas, eso ha sido... Eso ha sido simplemente increíble. Ha sido genial. ¿Qué se siente al saber que vuestro experimento se ha lanzado al espacio? Chen: Fue una sensación increíble. Sientes mucho orgullo y mucha gratitud a la vez. Sientes mucha gratitud por... Estoy encantada de que hayamos tenido esta oportunidad. Ma: Sí. Es muy emocionante sin lugar a dudas. Nye: Bueno, en unos minutos veremos los resultados. Tenemos a una persona que nos va a informar desde la órbita, ¿no es increíble? Bueno, ahora, como mencioné anteriormente, Korean: 우리 프로젝트가 실린 로켓을 보는 정말 흥분된 순간이었어요. 그리고 마침내 로켓이 발사되었어요. 진동을 느낄 수 있었고 불과 연기를 볼 수 있었어요. 그리고... 정말 대단했어요! 꿈은 실제로 이루어지네요. 우리 실험이 진짜 우주로 날아가요. 우리가 미시건 주 트로이의 작은 교실에서 아이디어를 짜낸 실험이 이제 정말 국제 우주 정거장으로 가요. 와, 여러분 정말 멋있었어요. 대단해요. 여러분의 실험이 우주로 발사되었을 때 느낌이 어땠나요? 정말 멋졌어요. 정말 자랑스러웠고 감사함을 느꼈어요. 정말 감사했고, 와, 정말... 이런 기회를 갖게 되어 정말 기뻐요. 네. 정말 황홀해요. 자, 이제 몇 분 후면 결과를 보게됩니다. 누군가 궤도에서 우리에게 보고해 줄거에요. 정말 대단하죠? 아까 말씀드린 것처럼 이제 Russian: Наблюдать за взлетом ракеты с нашими проектами было потрясающе. МА. Мы чувствовали вибрацию, видели пламя и дым, это было… это было так здорово! Мечты действительно сбываются. Наш эксперимент и вправду будет проведен в космосе. Мы придумывали его в маленьком классе в городке Троя в Мичигане, а сейчас он летит к МКС! НАЙ. Здорово! Вы это увидели. Это было удивительно. Что вы чувствовали, когда ваш проект отправлялся в небеса? ЧЕН. Этого не передать словами. Это чувство гордости и благодарности одновременно. Эта радость переполняет тебя. Я счастлива, что нам это удалось. МА. Это и вправду захватывает. НАЙ. Итак, мы увидим результаты всего через несколько минут. Мы сможем поговорить с космической станцией на орбите. Вот это да! А теперь, как я уже говорил, Czech: prostřednictvím Hangoutů Google spojí zajímaví hosté z komunity projektu Space Lab. Takže vítám porotkyni programu Space Lab a pedagožku Becky Parkerovou. Parkerová: Ahoj. Nye: Dobrý den. Astronauta Evropské kosmické agentury a bývalého velitele Mezinárodní vesmírné stanice Franka De Winnea. [smích] OK. Slyšíme se, slyšíme se? Dobrý den. De Winne: Ano, ano, slyšíme se. Nye: Výborně. A nakonec zde máme uznávaného vědce, který zkoumá pavouky – Petera Smitherse z plymouthské univerzity. Smithers: Zdravím. Nye: A Stefanii Countrymanovou ze společnosti BioServe. Tady vás máme. Dobrý den. Countrymanová: Zdravím. Nye: Děkuji všem, že jste si na nás udělali čas v našem hangoutu. Becky, rád bych začal od vás. Jste učitelka. Jak důležité podle vás je nadchnout děti pro vědu, především pro výzkum vesmíru? Parkerová: Výzkum vesmíru Chinese: 有一些太空實驗室社群的特別貴賓 要透過 Google Hangouts 加入我們 要加入的成員有太空實驗室評審 身兼教育工作者的 Becky Parker 嗨！ 您好 歐洲太空總署太空人 也是國際太空站的 前任太空指揮官 Frank De Winne [笑聲] 好 訊號好嗎？ 您好 訊號當然好 啊，太好了 下一位是專門研究蜘蛛的 傑出科學家 普利茅斯大學的 Peter Smithers 各位好 以及 BioServe 的 Stefanie Countryman 您上線囉 您好 您好 謝謝大家透過視訊聚會 加入我們 Becky，我要先請教您 您是一位老師 嘗試引導學生接觸科學 尤其是太空領域 這件事有多重要？ 研究太空和宇宙 English: we are being joined by some VIPs from the Space Lab community via our Google Hangouts. So joining me are Space Lab judge and educator Becky Parker. Parker: Hi! Nye: Greetings. European Space Agency astronaut and former Space Commander of the International Space Station, Frank De Winne. [laughter] Okay. You with us, you with us? Greetings, Greetings. De Winne: Absolutely I'm with you. Absolutely. Nye: Ah, good. And then we have an eminent scientist who studies spiders-- Peter Smithers from Plymouth University. Smithers: Hi, there. Nye: And from BioServe, Stefanie Countryman. You--there you are. Greetings. Countryman: Hi. Nye: So thank you all for hanging out with us on the Hangout. Becky, I'd like to start with you. You're a teacher. How important is it to try to engage kids with science and especially the space industry? Parker: Well, the study of space Russian: у нас состоится видеовстреча с важными гостями из сообщества Космической лаборатории. Во-первых, это преподаватель, а также член нашего жюри Бекки Паркер. ПАРКЕР. Здравствуйте! НАЙ. Приветствую. Космонавт Европейского космического агентства и бывший командир экипажа Международной космической станции Франк де Винн. [смех] Отлично. Прием! Прием! Как слышите? ДЕ ВИНН. Слышу хорошо, прием! НАЙ. Отлично. А ещё с нами выдающийся ученый, изучающий пауков, Питер Смитерс из университета города Плимут. СМИТЕРС. Здравствуйте! НАЙ. И наконец, Стефани Кантримэн, сотрудник BioServe. Вот вы и с нами. Здравствуйте! КАНТРИМЭН. Здравствуйте! НАЙ. Спасибо вам всем за то, что согласились принять участие в этой видеовстрече. Бекки, я хотел бы начать с вас. Вы учительница. На ваш взгляд, нужно ли вовлекать подростков в науку, особенно в космическую отрасль? ПАРКЕР. Изучение Вселенной – Portuguese: estamos em contato com algumas personalidades da comunidade do Laboratório espacial por meio do Google Hangouts. Estão presentes a jurada e educadora Becky Parker. Parker: Olá! Nye: Saudações. Astronauta da Agência Espacial Europeia e ex-comandante espacial da EEI, Frank De Winne. [risos] Ok. Está conosco? Está conosco? Saudações, saudações. De Winne: Com certeza Estou aqui, sim. Nye: Muito bom. Também temos o eminente cientista, que estuda aranhas, Peter Smithers da Universidade Plymouth. Smithers: Olá. Nye: E da BioServe, Stefanie Countryman. Você... aí está. Saudações. Countryman: Oi. Nye: Obrigado a todos por ficar conosco no Hangout. Becky, vou começar com você. Você é uma professora. Que importância tem despertar a ciência nas crianças, e especialmente o setor espacial? Parker: O estudo do espaço Polish: dzięki Google Hangouts dołączy do nas kilka ważnych osób ze społeczności Space Lab. Oto jurorka Space Lab i nauczycielka Becky Parker. Parker: Cześć. Nye: Witamy. Astronauta Europejskiej Agencji Kosmicznej i były dowódca Międzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej Frank De Winne. OK. Jesteś z nami? Witamy, witamy. De Winne: Oczywiście, jestem z wami. Nye: To dobrze. Następnie wybitny naukowiec i badacz pająków Peter Smithers z Uniwersytetu Plymouth. Smithers: Cześć. Nye: A także Stefanie Countryman z BioServe. Tu jesteś. Witamy. Countryman: Cześć. Nye: Dziękuję wszystkim za spotkanie na Hangoucie. Becky, zacznę od ciebie. Jesteś nauczycielką. Jak ważne jest zachęcanie młodzieży, by interesowała się nauką, a szczególnie kosmosem? Parker: Badania kosmosu German: stoßen gleich via Google Hangout ein paar wichtige Leute von der Space Lab-Community zu uns. Hier ist Becky Parker, Lehrerin und Space Lab-Jurymitglied. Hi. Hallo. Der ESA-Astronaut und ehemalige ISS-Kommandant Frank de Winne.   Okay. Sind Sie da? Hallo, hallo. Ja, ich bin da. Sehr schön. Als Nächster der herausragende Wissenschaftler und Spinnenexperte Peter Smithers von der Universität Plymouth. Hallo zusammen. Und schließlich Stefanie Countryman von BioServe. Da ist sie schon. Hallo. Hallo. Vielen Dank fürs Kommen. Schön, dass Sie alle hier über Hangout zugeschaltet sind. Becky, bei Ihnen möchte ich anfangen. Sie sind Lehrerin. Wie wichtig ist es, Kinder für die Wissenschaft und vor allem für die Raumfahrt zu begeistern? Nun, den Weltraum kennen zu lernen, iw: יצטרפו אלינו אורחים חשובים מהקהילה של מעבדת החלל באמצעות Google Hangouts. מצטרפים אליי בקי פארקר, שופטת ומדריכה בתחרות מעבדת החלל. פארקר: הי! ניי: שלום. אסטרונאוט של סוכנות החלל האירופית ומפקד החלל לשעבר של תחנת החלל הבינלאומית, פרנק דה-ווין. [צחוק] טוב. אתה איתנו? שלום. דה-ווין: אני לגמרי אתכם. ניי: יופי. ונמצא אתנו גם מדען בכיר שחוקר עכבישים, פיטר סמית'רס מאוניברסיטת פלימות'. סמית'רס: הי, שלום. ניי: וסטפני קאנטרימן מ-BioServe. הנה את. שלום. קאונטרימן: הי. ניי: תודה לכולכם על כך שאתם מבלים אתנו ב-Hangout. בקי, אני רוצה להתחיל איתך. את מורה. כמה חשוב לנסות לעניין ילדים במדע ובתעשיית החלל בפרט? פארקר: חקר החלל Italian: ci raggiungeranno alcuni VIP della community di Space Lab tramite Google Hangout. Qui con me ci sono il giudice di Space Lab ed educatrice Becky Parker. Parker: Salve! Nye: Salve. L'astronauta dell'Agenzia Spaziale Europea ed ex Comandante della Stazione Spaziale Internazionale Frank De Winne. [risata] Okay. È con noi? Ci sente? Salve, salve. De Winne: Certo che ci sono. Certo. Nye: Ah, bene. E poi abbiamo un eminente scienziato che studia i ragni... Peter Smithers dalla Plymouth University. Smithers: Salve. Nye: E da BioServe, Stefanie Countryman. Eccola qui. Salve. Countryman: Salve. Nye: Dunque, grazie a tutti per la partecipazione a questo hangout. Becky, vorrei iniziare con te. Sei un'insegnante. Quanto è importante tentare di coinvolgere i ragazzi nelle scienze e soprattutto nel settore spaziale? Parker: Beh, lo studio dello spazio Arabic: ستنضم إلينا بعض الشخصيات المهمة من منتدى معمل الفضاء عبر Google Hangouts. وتنضم إليّ الآن أحد حكام ومعلمي معمل الفضاء بيكي باركر. باركر: مرحبًا. ناي: تحياتي. رائد الفضاء في وكالة الفضاء الأوروبية والقائد السابق لمحطة الفضاء الدولية (ISS)، فرانك دي وين. [ضحك] ‏‫حسنًا. هل أنت معنا، هل أنت معنا؟ تحياتنا، تحياتنا. دي وين: بكل تأكيد أنا هنا معكم. بكل تأكيد. ناي: آه، حسنًا. ومعنا أيضًا عالم بارز يدرس العناكب-- بيتر سميزيرس من جامعة بلاي ماوث. سميزيرس: مرحبًا بكم. ناي: ومن BioServe، ستيفاني كانتريمان. ها أنتِ. تحياتي. كانتريمان: مرحبًا. ناي: شكرًا لكم جميعًا للانضمام إلينا في جلسة Hangout. بيكي، أود أن أبدأ معكِ. أنتِ مدرسة. ما مدى أهمية محاولة إشراك الأطفال في مجال العلوم وخاصةً مجال الفضاء؟ باركر: إن دراسة الفضاء French: nous avons été rejoints par des membres éminents de la communauté Space Lab via Google Hangouts. Voici donc notre juge et enseignante Space Lab, Becky Parker. – Bonjour ! – Bonjour à vous. L'astronaute de l'Agence spatiale européenne et ancien commandant de la Station spatiale internationale, Frank De Winne. [rires] Bon… Vous nous entendez ? Allô, allô ? Oui, je vous entends. Très bien. Ensuite, nous avons un scientifique éminent, spécialiste des araignées… Peter Smithers de l'Université de Plymouth. Bonjour à tous. Et enfin, Stefanie Countryman, de chez BioServe. Vous voilà. Bonjour ! Bonjour. Merci à vous tous pour votre participation à ce hangout. Becky, je commence par vous. Vous êtes enseignante. Pourquoi est-il important de susciter l'intérêt des jeunes pour la science, en particulier, pour l'industrie spatiale ? L'espace et l'Univers Spanish: nos acompañarán algunas personas muy importantes de la comunidad del laboratorio espacial a través de nuestros Hangouts de Google. Me acompañan la jueza y educadora del laboratorio espacial Becky Parker. Parker: ¡Hola! Nye: Bienvenida. El astronauta de la Agencia Espacial Europea y ex comandante espacial de la Estación Espacial Internacional, Frank De Winne. [risas] Bien. Están aquí con nosotros, ¿realmente está pasando? Bienvenidos, bienvenidos. De Winne: Absolutamente Aquí estamos. Absolutamente. Nye: Genial. Y luego tenemos a un científico eminente que estudia a las arañas: Peter Smithers de la Universidad de Plymouth. Smithers: Hola a todos. Nye: Y de BioServe, Stefanie Countryman. Allí estás. Bienvenida. Countryman: Hola. Nye: Gracias a todos por estar aquí con nosotros en el Hangout. Becky, me gustaría comenzar contigo. Eres profesora. ¿Qué tan importante es tratar de que los niños se involucren con la ciencia y especialmente la industria espacial? Parker: Bueno, el estudio del espacio Spanish: se unirán a nosotros algunas personas VIP de la comunidad de Space Lab a través de los hangouts de Google. Conmigo se encuentran la educadora y miembro del jurado de Space Lab Becky Parker... Parker: ¡Hola! Nye: ¡Hola! El astronauta de la Agencia Espacial Europea y excomandante espacial de la Estación Espacial Internacional, Frank De Winne... [risas] Bueno... ¿Estás con nosotros? ¿Hola? ¿Hola? De Winne: Por supuesto. Estoy con vosotros. Sin duda. Nye: Ah, vale. Y también contamos con un ilustre científico que estudia las arañas, Peter Smithers de la Universidad de Plymouth. Smithers: Hola a todos. Nye: Y por parte de BioServe, Stefanie Countryman. Ahí estás. ¡Hola! Countryman: ¡Hola! Nye: Gracias a todos por uniros a nosotros en este hangout. Becky, me gustaría empezar por ti. Puesto que te dedicas a la enseñanza, ¿qué importancia tiene intentar conseguir que los niños se interesen por la ciencia y especialmente por la industria espacial? Parker: Bueno, el estudio del espacio Japanese: ゲストをお迎えしましょう スペースラボコミュニティから Googleハングアウト経由で まずはスペースラボの審査員 ベッキー・パーカーです パーカー: こんにちは ナイ: よろしくお願いします 次は欧州宇宙機関の宇宙飛行士であり 国際宇宙ステーションの 船長も務めたフランク・デ・ウィンです [笑] OK 聞こえてますか？ 挨拶、挨拶！ デ・ウィン: はい！もちろん聞こえてます ナイ: よかった 次は著名な生物学者であり クモの研究を専門とする プリマス大学のピーター・スミザース スミザース: こんにちは ナイ: バイオサーブからは ステファニー・カントリーマン いますね？こんにちは カントリーマン: どうも ナイ: 皆さんありがとう ハングアウト経由でお集まりいただいて ベッキー、まずはあなたから あなたは先生ですよね？ 子供たちに科学、特に宇宙科学への興味を 持たせることは どのくらい重要ですか？ パーカー: 宇宙の勉強は Korean: 우주 실험실 커뮤니티의 VIP 몇 분이 Google 행아웃을 통해 참여할 예정입니다. 함께하실 분은 우주 실험실 심사위원이자 교육자이신 Becky Parker씨입니다. Parker: 안녕하세요! Nye: 반갑습니다. 유럽 우주 항공국 우주비행사이며 국제 우주 정거장의 전 우주 사령관이신 Frank De Winne씨입니다. [웃음] 좋아요. 잘 들리나요? 환영합니다. 네, 네. 잘 들립니다. 좋아요. 이번에는 저명한 과학자로 거미를 연구하시는 플리머스 대학의 Peter Smithers씨입니다. 안녕하세요. 이번에는 BioServe에서 오신 Stefanie Countryman씨입니다. 거기 계시군요. 반갑습니다. 안녕하세요. 행아웃에서 저희와 함께 해주셔서 대단히 감사합니다. Becky씨부터 시작해 볼까요? 선생님으로서 과학, 특히 우주 산업에 어린이가 참여하도록 하는 시도가 얼마나 중요합니까? 우주를 연구 하는것은 Dutch: dat enkele VIP's zich bij ons voegen uit de Space Lab-community via onze Google Hangout. We hebben contact met Space Lab-jurylid en docente Becky Parker. Parker: Hallo! Nye: Gegroet. ESA-astronaut en voormalig ruimtecommandant van het internationale ruimtestation ISS, Frank De Winne. [gelach] Oké. Ben je daar? Gegroet. De Winne: Absoluut. Ik ben er. Nye: Ah, mooi. En we hebben een vooraanstaande wetenschapper die spinnen bestudeert: Peter Smithers van Plymouth University. Smithers: Hallo. Nye: En van BioServe, Stefanie Countryman. Daar ben je. Gegroet. Countryman: Hallo. Nye: Ik wil jullie hartelijk bedanken dat jullie meedoen aan deze Hangout. Becky, ik wil graag met jou beginnen. Je bent docente. Hoe belangrijk is het om te proberen jongeren bij wetenschap te betrekken, en dan vooral bij de ruimtevaart? Park: Het bestuderen van de ruimte Polish: i całego wszechświata są tak fantastyczne, że nie trzeba do nich zachęcać, ale naprawdę warto zainteresować młodych nauką, dzięki czemu w przyszłości rozwiążą problemy związane np. z produkcją energii czy żywności. Potrzebujemy ich jako naukowców, którzy będą badać też ziemskie problemy. Nye: Dokładnie. To fantastyczne. Peter, chcę poznać twoje zdanie. Czy uważasz, że nauka może odpowiednio się rozwijać bez podboju kosmosu? Smithers: Czasami może pójść do przodu. Masz zupełną rację. Ale to tak, jakbyś próbował poznać całą planetę, spacerując po ogrodzie. Musimy ruszyć w kosmos, jeśli chcemy w pełni zrozumieć tajemnice i cuda wszechświata. Nye: Pięknie. Frank, dowodziłeś stacją kosmiczną. Dlaczego to dla ciebie ważne? Dlaczego musimy poznać kosmos? De Winne: To bardzo ważne. W przeszłości wszystkie społeczeństwa rozwijały się dzięki temu, że odkrywały nowe obszary. Chinese: 是非常吸引人又美妙的事 讓人難以抗拒研究的衝動 但是最重要的事 是要找到喜歡科學 而且能夠解開各種重大問題的年輕人 例如生產能源和食物等問題 因此我們需要這些人才成為科學家 研究地球上的各種問題 沒錯，說得真好 Peter，接下來該你了 如果不進行太空探索 你認為科學還能帶來 各種進步嗎 還是可以帶來某些進步 你說得很對 但這有點像是只在花園散步 就想瞭解整個地球 如果我們想要全盤瞭解宇宙中的 各種謎團與疑惑 勢必要探索太空 說得真好，輪到 Frank 了 您是太空站的前任指揮官 這件事為何對您如此重要？ 為什麼探索太空這麼重要？ 的確很重要 回首過去 每當社會有所進展 都是因為有探索活動展開 French: sont des sujets si passionnants que nous nous y intéressons tous. Toutefois, il est très important de donner le goût des sciences à la jeune génération afin qu'elle puisse résoudre des problèmes cruciaux comme la production d'énergie et de nourriture. Nous avons besoin de scientifiques qui résolvent les problèmes que nous rencontrons ici sur Terre. Tout à fait. Peter, pensez-vous que la science puisse progresser sans l'exploration de l'espace ? Oui, elle peut certes progresser. C'est vrai. Mais c'est un peu comme essayer de comprendre notre planète en explorant son jardin. Nous devons explorer l'espace pour comprendre pleinement les mystères et les merveilles de l'Univers. Passionnant ! Frank, vous êtes un ancien commandant de la Station spatiale internationale. D'après vous, pourquoi est-il vital d'explorer l'espace ? Vous l'avez dit, c'est vital. Quand on étudie l'Histoire, on constate que les progrès de nos sociétés sont le résultat d'une exploration. Japanese: とても神秘的なので興味を持ちやすく 勉強したがります しかし基本的には子供たちに 科学に興味を持ってもらって エネルギーや食料の問題に目を向けてほしい 実際には子供たちに科学者になってもらって 地球上の問題も研究してほしいんです ナイ: 確かに魅力的です ピーター、次におうかがいしますが 宇宙の研究なしでも科学は必要な進歩を 遂げられると思いますか？ スミザース: ある程度は進歩するでしょう 確かにそのとおりです でもそれは、地球全体を理解するのに 庭だけを研究しているようなものです この世界のすべての謎を解明するには 宇宙に飛び出さなければなりません ナイ: すばらしい 次はフランク あなたは宇宙ステーションの 船長でしたね あなたにとってなぜ重要だったのか 宇宙を探求することの重要性とは？ デ・ウィン: 非常に重要です 過去の例を見ても 社会が進歩し始めたきっかけは 探究心からだったのです Dutch: is zo ongelooflijk fantastisch, en het bestuderen van het universum, dus dat wil je eigenlijk vanzelf wel, maar het is essentieel dat we jonge mensen geïnteresseerd zien te krijgen in wetenschap en in het oplossen van grote problemen zoals energieproductie en voedsel. Dus we hebben ze ook nodig als wetenschappers die problemen hier op aarde bestuderen. Nye: Precies. Het is fantastisch. Peter, ik wil jou er ook bij betrekken. Denk je dat de wetenschap de benodigde vooruitgang kan brengen zonder ruimtevluchten? Smithers: De wetenschap kan zeker vooruitgang brengen. Daar heb je gelijk in. Maar het is alsof we onze hele planeet proberen te begrijpen door een rondje door de tuin te wandelen. We moeten echt de ruimte in gaan als we de mysteriën en wonderen van het universum volledig willen begrijpen. Nye: Geweldig. En Frank, je bent voormalig commandant van het ruimtestation. Waarom is het belangrijk voor jou? Waarom is het essentieel dat we de ruimte verkennen? De Winne: Het is heel erg belangrijk. Als je naar het verleden kijkt, hebben beschavingen zich altijd ontwikkeld omdat ze op ontdekkingstocht gingen. Russian: это увлекательнейшее занятие, и оно всегда будет привлекать молодежь. Важно, чтобы юноши и девушки больше интересовались наукой. Тогда им будут по плечу такие сложные задачи, как производство энергии и продовольствия. Очень важно, чтобы они стали учеными, которые также занимались проблемами на Земле. НАЙ. Совершенно верно! Питер, присоединяйтесь к нам! Как вы думаете, можно ли достичь прогресса в науке без освоения космоса? СМИТЕРС. В чем-то, разумеется, да. Здесь вы правы. Но это похоже на попытку изучить всю нашу планету, прогуливаясь по собственному саду. Если мы собираемся в полной мере познать чудеса и тайны Вселенной, нам придется отправиться в космос. НАЙ. Превосходно! Теперь вы, Франк. Вы бывший командир экипажа космической станции. Зачем вам это было нужно? Почему так важно изучать космическое пространство? ДЕ ВИНН. Я бы сказал, это жизненно важно. В прошлом любой значительный скачок в развитии общества был связан с наукой. German: ist so überwältigend und beeindruckend, dass sich jeder dafür interessiert. Wichtig ist vor allem, dass wir die Jugend für die Wissenschaften an sich begeistern, damit sie später die wichtigen Probleme der Energiegewinnung und Lebensmittelproduktion lösen kann. Denn wir brauchen Wissenschaftler, um auch die Probleme hier auf der Erde zu erforschen. Genau. Das ist toll. Hier möchte ich Peter ins Spiel bringen. Kann die Wissenschaft auch ohne Raumfahrt die notwendigen Fortschritte machen? Wahrscheinlich wären gewisse Fortschritte durchaus möglich. Aber das wäre so, als wollte man unseren Planeten durch einen Spaziergang im Garten verstehen. Wir müssen in den Weltraum, wenn wir die Geheimnisse und die Wunder des Universums verstehen möchten. Super. Jetzt zu Frank. Sie waren eine Zeit lang Kommandant auf der ISS. Warum ist das für Sie wichtig? Warum ist die Raumforschung so entscheidend für uns? Sie ist in der Tat entscheidend. Wann immer Gesellschaften in der Vergangenheit Fortschritte erzielt haben, stand am Anfang stets die Forschung. Portuguese: é absolutamente fantástico, assim como o estudo do universo, e todos têm que estudar isso, mas é essencial fazermos com que os jovens se interessem pela ciência e possam solucionar alguns dos graves problemas, como energia e alimentação. Na verdade, precisamos que eles se tornem cientistas para estudar os problemas que temos na Terra também. Nye: Exatamente. Fantástico. Peter, agora é sua vez. Você acha que a ciência fará os avanços necessários sem a exploração espacial? Smithers: Ela poderá obter alguns avanços. Você tem razão. Mas é como se tentássemos entender nosso planeta dando uma volta no parque. Precisamos ir ao espaço para entender completamente os mistérios e as maravilhas do Universo. Nye: Esplêndido, Frank, você é ex-comandante da Estação Espacial. Por que isso é tão importante para você? Por que é importante a exploração espacial? De Winne: Realmente, é vital. Se olharmos para o passado, qualquer período de avanço das sociedades ocorreu porque elas começaram a explorar. Czech: je sám o sobě nesmírně poutavý, takže se o něj stejně každý zajímá. Ale je důležité nadchnout pro vědu hlavně mladé lidi, kteří dokáží vyřešit velké problémy, například výrobu energie nebo nedostatek potravin. Protože potřebujeme i vědce, kteří budou řešit problémy tady na Zemi. Nye: Ano, přesně tak. Petere, teď mě zajímá váš názor. Myslíte, že věda je schopná nezbytného pokroku i bez vesmírného výzkumu? Smithers: Nějakého pokroku ano. To určitě. Ale je to jako chtít pochopit celou planetu tím, že se projdete po vlastní zahradě. Pokud chcete plně porozumět záhadám a divům světa, musíme vyrazit do vesmíru. Nye: Úžasné. Franku, vy jste bývalý velitel vesmírné stanice. Proč je pro vás vesmírný program důležitý? Proč bychom měli zkoumat vesmír? De Winne: Je velmi důležitý. Když se ohlédnete do minulosti, tak zjistíte, že každá společnost postupovala kupředu jen tehdy, když začala objevovat něco nového. English: is so mind-blowingly fantastic, and studying the universe, so you want to study it anyway, but it's really essential that we get young people interested in science and able to solve some of the big problems like energy production and food. And so we actually need them to be scientists studying problems here down on earth as well. Nye: Exactly. It's fantastic. Peter, I wanna bring you in here. Do you think science can make the advancements needed without space exploration? Smithers: It can make some advances. You're absolutely right. But it's a bit like trying to understand our entire planet by taking a stroll around your garden. We need to get out into space if we're gonna fully understand the mysteries and the wonders of the universe. Nye: Fabulous. Now, Frank, you're a former commander of the Space Station. Why is it so important to you? Why is it vital that we explore space? De Winne: Well, it's very vital. If you look in the past, any time that societies have progressed, it's because they started to exploring. iw: וחקר היקום כל כך מדהימים ופנטסטיים, שרוצים ללמוד את זה בכל מקרה, אבל חשוב מאוד שנגרום לאנשים צעירים לגלות עניין במדע ולהיות מסוגלים לפתור כמה מהבעיות הגדולת, כמו ייצור אנרגיה ומזון. אז אנחנו צריכים שהם יהפכו למדענים שחוקרים גם בעיות כאן בכדור הארץ. ניי: בדיוק, זה פנטסטי. פיטר, אני רוצה לצרף אותך לשיחה, אתה חושב שהמדע יכול להתקדם באופן הדרוש ללא חקר החלל? סמית'רס: הוא יכול להתקדם במידה מסוימת. אתה צודק לגמרי. אבל זה כמו לנסות להבין את כל כדור הארץ על ידי טיול בגינה שלך. אנחנו צריכים לחקור את החלל כדי להבין באופן מלא את המיסתורין והפלאים של היקום. ניי: נהדר. פרנק, אתה מפקד לשעבר של תחנת החלל. למה זה כל כך חשוב מבחינתך? למה זה חיוני שנחקור את החלל? דה-ווין: זה חיוני מאוד. אם תבחן את העבר, בכל פעם שחברות התקדמו, זה מפני שהן החלו לחקור. Spanish: es absolutamente fantástico, al igual que el estudio del universo, y es algo que quieres estudiar de todas formas, pero resulta fundamental conseguir que los jóvenes se interesen por la ciencia para poder dar solución a algunos de los grandes problemas del mundo, como la producción de energía y la comida. Por ello, en realidad necesitamos que se conviertan en científicos que estudien también los problemas de la Tierra. Nye: Exacto. Es fantástico. Peter, quiero conocer tu opinión. ¿Crees que la ciencia puede lograr los avances necesarios sin la exploración espacial? Smithers: Puede lograr algunos avances. Tienes toda la razón. Pero eso se puede equiparar a intentar conocer todo nuestro planeta dando un paseo por un jardín. Necesitamos salir al espacio para poder conocer por completo los misterios y las maravillas del universo. Nye: Fantástico. Bueno, Frank, tú eres un excomandante de la Estación Espacial. ¿Por qué te resulta importante o vital que exploremos el espacio? De Winne: Bueno, es realmente esencial. Si volvemos la vista atrás, en cualquier época en la que las sociedades han evolucionado, dicho avance se ha debido a que han empezado a explorar, Arabic: رائعة وتخلب العقل، وكذلك دراسة الكون، وبالتالي يحب الجميع دراسة هذه الأمور، لكن من الضروري للغاية أن نجعل الشباب يهتمون بالعلم وأن يكون بمقدورهم حل بعض من المشكلات الكبيرة مثل إنتاج الطاقة وتوفير الطعام. وبالتالي نحتاج منهم فعلاً أن يصيروا علماء يدرسون المشكلات هنا على الأرض كذلك. ناي: تمامًا. ذلك رائع. بيتر، أريد أن أستمع إلى رأيك. هل تعتقد أن العلم يستطيع إحراز التطورات المطلوبة بدون اللجوء إلى استكشاف الفضاء؟ سميزيرس: يمكنه إحراز بعض التطور. كلامك صحيح بكل تأكيد. لكن الأمر يبدو وكأنه محاولة لفهم كوكبنا بالكامل بدون بذل مجهود يُذكر. يلزم علينا الانطلاق إلى الفضاء إذا أردنا أن نفهم أسرار وعجائب الكون بالكامل. ناي: مدهش. الآن، فرانك، أنت قائد سابق لمحطة الفضاء. ما مدى أهمية الأمر بالنسبة إليك؟ لماذا يعد استكشاف الفضاء مهمًا؟ دي وين: إنه مهم للغاية. إذا نظرت في الماضي، فسترى أن تقدم المجتمعات يرجع إلى بدئها الاستكشاف. Spanish: es increíblemente fantástico, y estudiar el universo, así que uno quiere estudiarlo de todos modos, pero es realmente esencial que logremos que los jóvenes se interesen por la ciencia y puedan resolver algunos de los problemas principales, como la producción de energía y los alimentos Y de esta manera, en realidad también los necesitamos para ser científicos que estudian los problemas aquí en la tierra. Nye: Exactamente. Es fantástico. Peter, quiero tu opinión en este momento. ¿Crees que la ciencia puede lograr los avances necesarios sin la exploración del espacio? Smithers: Puede hacer algunos avances. Tienes toda la razón. Pero es como intentar comprender todo nuestro planeta dando un paseo por nuestro jardín. Tenemos que salir al espacio si queremos entender por completo los misterios y las maravillas del universo. Nye: Fabuloso. Ahora, Frank, eres un ex comandante de la Estación Espacial. ¿Por qué es tan importante para ti? ¿Por qué es vital que exploremos el espacio? De Winne: Bueno, es muy importante. Si observamos el pasado, todas las veces que las sociedades progresaron, fue porque comenzaron a explorar. Italian: è così incredibilmente fantastico, come lo studio dell'universo, quindi vorresti studiarlo in ogni caso, ma è davvero essenziale stimolare i giovani a interessarsi alle scienze affinché riescano a risolvere alcuni dei problemi più grandi, come la produzione di energia e cibo. E quindi in realtà abbiamo bisogno che diventino scienziati che studiano i problemi anche qui sulla Terra. Nye: Esattamente. È fantastico. Peter, voglio coinvolgere anche te. Pensi che la scienza possa fare i progressi necessari senza l'esplorazione spaziale? Smithers: Può fare dei progressi. Hai assolutamente ragione. Ma è un po' come cercare di capire il nostro intero pianeta facendo una passeggiata in giardino. Dobbiamo andare nello spazio se vogliamo comprendere appieno i misteri e le meraviglie dell'universo. Nye: Favoloso. Bene, Frank, sei un ex comandante della Stazione Spaziale. Perché è così importante per te? Perché è di vitale importanza che esploriamo lo spazio? De Winne: Beh, è essenziale. Se guardi al passato, ogni volta che le società sono avanzate, è perché hanno cominciato a esplorare. Korean: 놀랄만큼 환상적입니다. 그래서 어찌 됐든 우주를 연구하고 싶죠. 하지만 젊은이들이 과학에 관심을 가지게 하고 에너지 생산과 식량 같은 큰 문제들을 해결하는 것이 정말 중요합니다. 그래서 젊은이들이 지구의 문제를 연구하는 괴학자가 될 수 있도록 도와야 하죠. 맞아요. 아주 좋은 말씀이에요. 이번에는 Peter씨를 이곳으로 모셔볼게요. 우주 탐험 없이도 과학이 필요한 만큼 진보할 수 있을까요? 물론 어느 정도 진보할 수 있습니다. 그건 사실입니다. 하지만 그것은 정원을 산책하면서 지구를 이해하려는 것과 비슷합니다. 우주의 신비와 불가사의를 완전히 이해하려면 우주로 나가야 합니다. 아주 좋아요. 이번에는 Frank씨, 우주 정거장의 전 사령관으로서 우주가 왜 그렇게 중요한가요? 우주 탐험이 왜 필수적입니까? 우주 탐험은 필수적이죠. 과거를 들여다보면 사회의 진보는 언제나 탐험으로부터 시작했습니다. English: It's because they gained new knowledge, new experiences. So we have so many problems here on earth, and if we want to solve those problems and really advance humanity, we need to continue to explore. And, of course, the next frontier is space, so space is one of the areas in which we absolutely need to go further and to explore. Nye: Fabulous! You crystallized my thoughts. Stefanie, can you remember what turned you on, why you got excited about science and space? Countryman: Yes. I've been fascinated by science since I was a little kid. I can remember as far back as then being interested particularly in nature and the living organisms and trying to understand how they work. And since I started working for BioServe 13 years ago, being able to look at living organisms in space has just been a unique opportunity that is--I hope a lot of other people get to have. Nye: It changes you. It's fantastic. So listen, I've been the CEO, Japanese: 新しい知識や経験を 得た結果です 今の地球には多くの問題があり これらを解決したいのなら そして人類を進歩させたいのなら 探求を止めてはいけません そしてもちろん、次のフロンティアは 宇宙です そのため、私たちは 宇宙を探求し続けなければならないのです ナイ: すばらしい まさに私の考えを具現化してくれました ステファニー、あなたは 科学と宇宙にハマった きっかけと情熱の理由を覚えていますか？ カントリーマン: はい、私は小さい頃から 科学が大好きでした 自然に興味を持っていて 生き物の構造や 仕組みに引かれていました 13年前にバイオサーブの仕事を始めてから 宇宙で生き物を観察できるということが 滅多にないチャンスであることを実感し 多くの人にもこの体験を共有してもらいたいと 思いました ナイ: あなたを変えたわけですね さて、私は惑星協会の Italian: È perché hanno acquisito nuove conoscenze, nuove esperienze. Abbiamo tantissimi problemi qui sulla Terra e se vogliamo risolvere questi problemi e far progredire davvero l'umanità, dobbiamo continuare a esplorare. E, ovviamente, la prossima frontiera è lo spazio, quindi lo spazio è una delle aree in cui abbiamo assolutamente bisogno di avanzare e di esplorare. Nye: Favoloso! Ha materializzato i miei pensieri. Stefanie, ricorda che cosa l'ha attirata, perché si è appassionata di scienza e di spazio? Countryman: Sì. Sono sempre stata affascinata dalla scienza da quando ero piccola. Ricordo che già allora mi interessavano soprattutto la natura e gli organismi viventi e cercavo di capirne i meccanismi. Da quando ho iniziato a lavorare per BioServe 13 anni fa, poter osservare gli organismi viventi nello spazio è stata un'opportunità unica nel suo genere. Spero che molte altre persone possano coglierla. Nye: Ti cambia. È fantastico. Ascoltate, sono CEO, Spanish: Fue porque adquirieron nuevos conocimientos, nuevas experiencias. Entonces, tenemos tantos problemas aquí en la tierra, y si queremos resolver esos problemas y realmente progresar como humanidad, tenemos que seguir explorando. Y, por supuesto, la siguiente frontera es el espacio, así que el espacio es una de las áreas que absolutamente necesitamos profundizar y explorar. Nye: ¡Fabuloso! Materializaste mis pensamientos. Stefanie, ¿puedes recordar qué te atrajo, qué te entusiasmó acerca de la ciencia y el espacio? Countryman: Sí. Me fascina la ciencia desde que era niña. Recuerdo que en ese entonces me interesaban particularmente la naturaleza y los organismos vivos y trataba de entender cómo funcionaban. Y desde que comencé a trabajar para BioServe hace 13 años, poder observar los organismos vivos en el espacio ha sido una oportunidad única, que espero muchas otras personas puedan tener. Nye: Te cambia. Es fantástico. Así que escuchen, he sido el CEO, iw: מפני שהן צברו ידע חדש וחוויות חדשות. יש לנו כיום הרבה בעיות בכדור הארץ, ואם אנחנו רוצים לפתור אותן, ובאמת לקדם את האנושות, עלינו להמשיך לחקור. וכמובן, הגבול הבא הוא החלל כך שהחלל הוא אחד התחומים שבהם אין ספק שעלינו להעמיק ולחקור. ניי: נהדר! חידדת את המחשבות שלי. סטפני, את זוכרת מה הדליק אותך, מה ריגש אותך במדע ובחלל? קאנטרימן: כן, חלל ריתק אותי מגיל צעיר. אני זוכרת שכבר אז התעניינתי במיוחד בטבע וביצורים החיים וניסיתי להבין איך הם פועלים. ומאז שהתחלתי לעבוד ב-BioServe לפני 13 שנים, האפשרות לבחון יצורים חיים בחלל היתה הזדמנות ייחודית עבורי, שאני מקווה שהרבה אנשים יזכו לקבל. ניי: זה משנה אותך. זה פנטסטי. אני משמש כמנכ"ל, Portuguese: Com isso, elas adquiriram conhecimento e novas experiências. Temos muitos problemas aqui na Terra e se quisermos solucionar esses problemas e fazer a humanidade progredir, precisamos continuar explorando. E, claro, a próxima fronteira é o espaço, que é uma das áreas em que temos muito o que explorar. Nye: Muito bom! Você consolidou minhas ideias. Stefanie, você consegue lembrar o que a atraiu, por que você se interessou pela ciência e pelo espaço? Countryman: Sim, sempre fui fascinada pela ciência, desde que era criança. Lembro de me interessar principalmente pela natureza e pelos organismos vivos e de tentar entender como eles funcionam. Desde que comecei a trabalhar na BioServe, há 13 anos, poder analisar esses organismos no espaço tem sido uma oportunidade única. Espero que outras pessoas tenham essa oportunidade. Nye: E isso muda a pessoa. É fantástico. Olha só, sou o CEO, Polish: Zdobywały nową wiedzę i doświadczenia. Mamy wiele problemów na Ziemi i jeśli chcemy je rozwiązać oraz posunąć się naprzód, musimy odkrywać. Oczywiście kolejną granicą jest kosmos, to między innymi tam trzeba się skierować i prowadzić badania. Nye: Świetnie. Wyjąłeś mi to z ust. Stefanie, czy pamiętasz, co ciebie zainteresowało, co zafascynowało w nauce i kosmosie? Countryman: Tak. Nauka pasjonowała mnie od dzieciństwa. Odkąd pamiętam szczególnie interesowałam się przyrodą i żywymi organizmami, próbując zrozumieć, jak funkcjonują. Od 13 lat pracuję w BioServe, gdzie mam wyjątkową możliwość obserwowania żywych organizmów w kosmosie, którą, mam nadzieję, będą mieli też inni. Nye: To na ciebie działa. Fantastycznie. Od paru lat jestem Korean: 새로운 지식과 새로운 경험을 얻었기 때문이죠. 지구에는 매우 많은 문제들이 있습니다. 우리가 이런 문제를 해결하려면 그리고 인류가 진보하려면 탐험을 계속해야 합니다. 물론 다음 개척지는 우주입니다. 우주는 우리가 반드시 더 나아가 탐험해야 하는 영역 중 하나입니다. 멋져요. 제 생각을 확실하게 해주었어요. Stefanie씨, 무엇이 당신을 설레게 만들었는지, 왜 과학과 우주를 그렇게 좋아했는지 기억하나요? 네. 저는 아주 어릴 때부터 과학에 매료되었어요. 아주 예전의 기억이 나네요. 그 때 특히 자연과 생물에 관심을 가져 그것들이 어떻게 작동하는지 이해하려고 했죠. 13년 전에 BioServe에 취직한 이후로 우주에서 생명체을 살펴볼 수 있었던 것은 정말 특별한 기회였어요. 다른 많은 사람들도 이러한 기회를 갖기를 바랍니다. 그 경험이 당신을 변화시켰군요. 멋진 일인데요. 저는 몇 년동안 Dutch: Dat kwam omdat ze nieuwe kennis opdeden, nieuwe ervaringen. We hebben hier op aarde zo veel problemen, en als we die problemen willen oplossen en de mensheid echt verder willen brengen, moeten we blijven ontdekken. De volgende grens is natuurlijk de ruimte, dus de ruimte is een van de gebieden waarin we absoluut verder moeten gaan en moeten blijven ontdekken. Nye: Fantastisch! Je verwoordt precies wat ik denk. Stefanie, weet jij nog wat jou inspireerde, waarom jij enthousiast werd over wetenschap en de ruimte? Countryman: Jazeker. Ik raakte gefascineerd door wetenschap toen ik een kind was. Ik weet nog dat ik geïnteresseerd was, vooral in de natuur en levende wezens, en dat ik probeerde te begrijpen hoe alles in elkaar zat. En sinds ik 13 jaar geleden voor BioServe ben gaan werken en naar levende wezens in de ruimte kan kijken, heb ik een unieke kans gekregen die naar ik hoop veel andere mensen ook krijgen. Nye: Het verandert je als mens. Het is fantastisch. Luister eens. Ik ben de directeur, Czech: Lidé získali nové znalosti, nové zkušenosti. Tady na Zemi máme spoustu problémů, a pokud je chceme řešit a jako lidstvo se posunout kupředu, nesmíme přestat objevovat nové věci. A vesmír je přirozeně naše nejzazší hranice, takže je jednou z oblastí, ve které samozřejmě musíme jít dále a kterou musíme zkoumat. Nye: Výborně. Berete mi slova z úst. Stefanie, pamatujete si, kde začal váš zájem, proč jste se začala zajímat o vědu a vesmír? Countrymanová: Ano. Věda mě zajímala už od dětství. Pamatuji si, že již tehdy mě zajímala příroda a živé organismy a že jsem se snažila pochopit, jak vlastně fungují. A když jsem před 13 lety začala pracovat pro BioServe, mohla jsem zkoumat živé organismy ve vesmíru. To je jedinečná příležitost, která se doufám naskytne i dalším lidem. Nye: Taková věc vás změní. To je úžasné. Já sám jsem již po dobu Spanish: es decir, al hecho de haber obtenido nuevos conocimientos y nuevas experiencias. Es cierto que aquí en la Tierra tenemos muchos problemas, pero si queremos solucionarlos y conseguir realmente que la humanidad avance, necesitamos seguir explorando. Y, obviamente, la próxima frontera es el espacio, que constituye una de las áreas en la que sin lugar a dudas debemos profundizar y explorar. Nye: ¡Fantástico! Has materializado mis ideas. Stefanie, ¿recuerdas lo que despertó tu curiosidad o por qué te entusiasmaste por la ciencia y el espacio? Countryman: Sí. Siempre me ha fascinado la ciencia, desde que era niña. Recuerdo que cuando era pequeña estaba interesada especialmente en la naturaleza y en los organismos vivos y en intentar entender su funcionamiento. Y, desde que empecé a trabajar en BioServe hace ya 13 años, poder observar organismos vivos en el espacio se ha convertido en una oportunidad única que espero que muchas otras personas puedan disfrutar. Nye: Cambia tu vida. Es fantástico. Bueno, llevo siendo CEO Chinese: 這麼做可以獲得全新的知識 還有體驗 地球上有這麼多的問題 如果我們想要解決這些問題 並且改善人類世界 就必須繼續探索 當然，下一站就是太空 我們絕對必須 進一步探索 包括太空在內的區域 說得好！ 你解開了我的疑惑 Stefanie，你是否還記得 啟蒙你的契機？ 你為什麼這麼喜歡科學和太空？ 從我還是小朋友開始 就對太空十分著迷 我還記得一開始是因為 我對自然和有機體特別有興趣 也試圖搞懂這些東西 我從 13 年前開始在 BioServe 工作起 我可以研究太空中的有機體 這是個難得的機會 我希望其他人也能有這機會 這改變了你，真棒 我已經擔任了 French: Elles ont acquis un nouveau savoir et vécu de nouvelles expériences. Nous rencontrons de nombreux problèmes sur Terre. Si nous voulons les résoudre et faire avancer l'humanité, nous devons continuer à explorer. Bien sûr, l'espace fait partie des terrains qu'il est absolument nécessaire d'explorer. Eh bien ! Quelle réponse ! Stefanie, vous rappelez-vous ce qui vous a attirée vers la science et l'étude de l'espace ? Oui. La science me fascine depuis mon plus jeune âge. Je me rappelle qu'à l'époque, je m'intéressais surtout à la nature et aux organismes vivants, et j'essayais de comprendre leur fonctionnement. Depuis mes débuts chez BioServe, il y a 13 ans, j'ai eu la chance incroyable d'observer les organismes vivants dans l'espace. J'espère que d'autres auront un jour cette chance. Ça vous marque à jamais… Vous savez, je dirige German: Neues Wissen, neue Erfahrungen wurden gesammelt. Wir haben hier auf der Erde so viele Probleme. Um sie zu lösen und die Menschheit voranzubringen, müssen wir weiter forschen. Der Weltraum ist eine große Herausforderung und damit einer der Bereiche, in denen wir weiter forschen müssen. Sehr gut. Bin absolut der gleichen Meinung. Stefanie, wissen Sie noch, warum Sie sich so für Wissenschaft und Weltraum begeistern konnten? Ja. Schon als kleines Kind fand ich Wissenschaften ungeheuer spannend. Schon ganz früh habe ich mich vor allem für die Natur und Lebewesen interessiert. Ich wollte wissen, wie sie funktionieren. Und seit ich vor 13 Jahren bei BioServe angefangen habe, ist die Erforschung lebender Organismen im All für mich eine einzigartige Chance. Eine Chance, die noch viele andere Menschen haben sollten. Das prägt natürlich. Fantastisch. Zu meiner Person: Ich bin Arabic: وإلى اكتسابها معرفة جديدة، وخبرات جديدة. ونحن نعاني من العديد من المشكلات هنا على الأرض وإذا أردنا حل هذه المشكلات وإحراز تقدم للبشرية، فعلينا مواصلة الاستكشاف. وبالطبع فإن المجال الذي علينا التوجه إليه الآن هو الفضاء، إن الفضاء هو أحد المجالات التي يلزم علينا بكل تأكيد اقتحامها واستكشافها. ناي: مدهش. لقد بلورت أفكاري. ستيفاني، هل تتذكرين ما الذي أثار شغفك، ما الذي أثار حماسك حول العلم والفضاء؟ كانتريمان: نعم، لقد كنت شغوفة بالعلم منذ أن كنت طفلة صغيرة. أستطيع أن أتذكر وقتها أنني كنت مهتمة بشكل خاص بالطبيعة والكائنات الحية ومحاولة فهم كيف تجري الأمور. ومنذ أن بدأت العمل في BioServe قبل 13 عامًا مضت، أصبحت أستطيع النظر إلى الكائنات الحية في الفضاء، وكان ذلك فرصة فريدة أرجو أن تتاح إلى الكثير من الأشخاص الآخرين. ناي: يمكن لذلك أن يغيِّر من شخصيتنا. هذا مدهش. أنا أشغل منصب المدير التنفيذي، Russian: Просто люди получают новые знания и опыт. Да, на Земле у нас немало проблем, но если мы хотим их решить и помочь человечеству двигаться вперед, нам надо продолжать исследования. Конечно, следующий рубеж – это космическое пространство. Космос – это та сфера знаний, где необходимо неустанно вести работу. НАЙ. Замечательно! Теперь мне все ясно. Стефани, не расскажете ли вы, чем вас так заинтересовали наука и космос? КАНТРИМЭН. Я увлечена наукой с детства. Я помню, что тогда меня интересовали природные явления, живые организмы и то, как все это работает. Я уже 13 лет работаю в BioServe, и здесь мне представилась уникальная возможность понаблюдать за живыми организмами в космосе. Надеюсь, что и другим это удастся. НАЙ. Потрясающе! Очень интересно. Знаете, я был исполнительным директором Russian: Планетарного общества в течение двух лет. До этого я состоял в этом обществе 32 года! И я поражен тем, что происходит сегодня. А теперь нам придется прерваться. Мне только что сообщили, что мы сможем связаться с МКС уже через несколько секунд. Она сейчас... над Атлантикой. Итак, дорогие мои любители знаний, представляю вам МКС. Она движется со скоростью 28 000 км/ч. То есть 470 км/мин. Или 8 км/сек. Это приблизительно 17 500 миль в час, то есть в 10 раз быстрее пули. Надеюсь, что наши спутники не отстанут. Ха-ха! Шучу. Они на самом деле движутся немного быстрее. Сейчас мы собираемся связаться с МКС и нашим астронавтом, Сунитой Уильямс, или просто Суни! Наверное… только через десять минут. А пока я предлагаю поближе ознакомиться с экспериментами, которые в настоящий момент мчатся сквозь космическое пространство. Амир, сними, пожалуйста, с полки Japanese: CEO兼取締役を 2年前から務めています 会員歴は32年です なので、これからの実験が非常に楽しみです さて、そろそろ出発しなくては なぜなら ISSへのチェックインが待ってるから もうすぐに えーと... 今ちょうど大西洋の上にいます 国際宇宙ステーションを見つけるためには 時速28,000キロメートルで 動いてることを忘れないように 毎分470キロメートル 毎秒8キロメートル 毎時17,500マイル 弾丸の10倍の速さ 私たちの衛星が追いつくといいけど ははは！ 冗談です 実際はもう少し速く動いています ではISSとつないで、宇宙飛行士の スニタ・ウィリアムズを呼んでみましょう あと10分ほどかかりそうです では、優勝した実験の内容を見てみましょう 今ちょうど宇宙を飛んでいます モハマド、クモの実験を Spanish: el Director Ejecutivo de la Sociedad Planetaria desde hace un par de años ya. He sido miembro desde hace 32 años. Así que me entusiasma mucho lo que está pasando actualmente. Chicos, tendremos que dejarlo aquí porque me están informando que nos comunicaremos con la EEI. en un momento. Está... sobre el Atlántico ahora mismo. Para ustedes aficionados de los descubrimientos de la Estación Espacial Internacional, quiero recordarles que viaja a 28.000 kilómetros por hora. Son 470 kilómetros por minuto, 8 kilómetros por segundo. Son como 17.500 millas por hora. Es diez veces más rápido que una bala. Espero que nuestros satélites puedan seguir el ritmo. ¡Ja ja! No, es broma. En realidad están viajando un poco más rápido. Así que nos conectaremos con la EEI. y nuestra astronauta Sunny, Sunita Williams, en unos... diez minutos. Se me ocurrió que deberíamos observar nuestros experimentos ganadores que actualmente viajan por el espacio. Amr, ¿puedes traer Czech: několika let výkonným ředitelem společnosti Planetary Society. Členem jsem už 32 let. Takže mě dnešní události velmi zajímají. Tady budu muset náš rozhovor přerušit, protože dostávám signál, že nás již za chvíli budou kontaktovat z ISS. Je teď... ...zhruba někde nad Atlantikem. Pro sběratele zajímavostí· o Mezinárodní vesmírné stanici dodávám, že se pohybuje rychlostí 28 000 kilometrů za hodinu. To je 470 kilometrů za minutu, osm kilometrů za sekundu. To znamená 17 500 mil za hodinu. Desetkrát rychleji než kulka. Snad jí naše satelity stačí. Ha ha! Ne, dělám si legraci. Satelity jsou ve skutečnosti ještě o něco rychlejší. Takže za chvíli se spojíme s ISS a naší astronautkou Sunny, Sunitou Williamsovou. Přibližně za... ...deset minut. Myslím, že byste se rádi podívali na vítězné pokusy, které se právě řítí vesmírem. Amre, můžeš mi z té police French: la Planetary Society depuis maintenant deux ans, et j'en suis membre depuis 32 ans. Ce concours a donc beaucoup d'importance pour moi. Nous allons devoir nous arrêter là, car on m'informe que nous allons être en direct avec la Station spatiale internationale d'ici quelques minutes. En ce moment même, elle se trouve juste au-dessus de l'Atlantique. Pour les plus mordus d'entre vous, je rappelle qu'elle se déplace à 28 000 km à l'heure. C'est-à-dire, 470 km par minute ou 8 km par seconde. 28 000 km/h ! 10 fois plus rapide qu'une balle de pistolet… J'espère que nos satellites pourront garder le rythme ! Ha ha ! Je plaisante, bien sûr. Ils sont en réalité plus rapides que cela. Nous allons être en direct avec la Station internationale et l'astronaute Sunita Williams, dans environ… 10 minutes. Intéressons-nous à présent aux projets de nos gagnants, qui se déplacent actuellement dans l'espace. Amr, German: seit ein paar Jahren Geschäftsführer der Planetary Society. Seit 32 Jahren bin ich dort Mitglied. Daher bin ich von allem hier sehr begeistert. Aber wir müssen an dieser Stelle abbrechen, denn ich bekomme gerade gesagt, dass wir in Kürze eine Verbindung mit der ISS haben werden. Genau jetzt befindet sich die ISS über dem Atlantik. Hier ein paar Fakten für euch ISS-Fans: Die Reisegeschwindigkeit beträgt 28.000 km/h, also 470 km/Min. oder 8 km/Sek. Das sind 17.500 Meilen pro Stunde. 10 Mal schneller als eine Gewehrkugel. Hoffentlich können unsere Satelliten da mithalten. War nur Spaß. Die fliegen schon noch ein bisschen schneller. Wir schalten in etwa 10 Minuten zur ISS und zu Astronautin Sunita Williams. Wir sollten also jetzt die Experimente unter die Lupe nehmen, die da gerade durch den Raum rasen. Amr, könntest du dein Experiment Polish: prezesem i dyrektorem naczelnym The Planetary Society. Działam tam od 32 lat. Bardzo cieszy mnie to, co się dzisiaj dzieje. Musimy zmienić temat, bo dostałem informację, że już niedługo połączymy się z Międzynarodową Stacją Kosmiczną. Jest teraz... bezpośrednio nad Atlantykiem. Jako ciekawostkę przypomnę, że MSK porusza się z szybkością 28 000 km/h. To 470 km na minutę i 8 km na sekundę. Czyli około 17 500 mil na godzinę. Dziesięć razy szybciej niż pocisk. Mam nadzieję, że satelity za nią nadążą. Cha, cha! Tylko żartuję. One poruszają się nawet nieco szybciej. Z MSK i astronautką Sunny, czyli Sunitą Williams, połączymy się już za około... 10 minut. Zobaczmy zwycięskie eksperymenty, które teraz pędzą po orbicie. Amr, podasz z tamtej półki Arabic: لمنظمة Planetary Society منذ عامين. وكنت عضوًا بها لمدة 32 عامًا. وبالتالي أشعر بحماس شديد حيال ما يحدث اليوم. أيها الشباب، سنتوقف الآن لأنهم يخبرونني أننا سنتواصل مع محطة الفضاء الدولية (ISS) بعد لحظات قليلة. إنها... تعبر الآن فوق المحيط الأطلسي. ولكل من يحب التعرف على الحقائق المتعلقة بمحطة الفضاء الدولية (ISS)، أود أن أذكركم أنها تنطلق بسرعة 28 ألف كيلو متر في الساعة. ذلك 470 كيلو مترًا في الدقيقة، 8 كيلو مترات في الثانية. ذلك 17500 ميل في الساعة. وهي بذلك أسرع عشر مرات من الرصاصة. لذلك أرجو أن تتمكن أقمارنا الصناعية من مجاراتها. ها ها. لا، أنا أمزح. فالأقمار تنطلق بسرعة تزيد عن ذلك بقليل. والآن سنتصل بمحطة الفضاء الدولية (ISS) ورائدة الفضاء ساني، سونيتا ويليامز، خلال حوالي... عشر دقائق. أرى أنه علينا مشاهدة التجربتين الفائزتين اللتين تنطلقان حاليًا عبر الفضاء. عمرو، هل يمكنك إحضار iw: כמנהל בפועל של האגודה הפלנטרית כבר שנתיים. אני חבר באגודה כבר 32 שנים. כך שאני מאוד מתרגש ממה שקורה היום. נצטרך לעצור כאן, כי מוסרים לי שנבדוק מה קורה בתחנת החלל הבינלאומית בעוד מספר רגעים. היא נמצאת מעל האוקיינוס האטלנטי כרגע. לכל המשוגעים לעובדות על תחנת החלל הבינלאומית, אני רוצה להזכיר שהיא נעה במהירות של כ-28,000 קמ"ש. שזה 470 ק"מ בדקה, 8 ק"מ בשניה. 17,500 מייל בשעה. מהיר פי עשרה מקליע של אקדח. כך שאני מקווה שהלווינים שלנו יעמדו בקצב. חה חה! אני סתם צוחק. למעשה הם זזים קצת יותר מהר. אנחנו נתחבר לתחנת החלל הבינלאומית. ולאסטרונאוטית שלנו סאני, סוניטה וויליאמס, בעוד מספר דקות. בינתיים בואו נבחן את הניסויים הזוכים שלנו שטסים כרגע בחלל. עאמר, אתה יכול להביא Spanish: o Director ejecutivo de la Sociedad Planetaria desde hace un par de años. He sido miembro de la misma durante 32 años, por lo que estoy muy emocionado con lo que está ocurriendo hoy. Chicos, tenemos que dejarlo aquí porque me están diciendo que conectaremos con la Estación Espacial Internacional en unos momentos. Está... justo sobre el Atlántico en este momento. Para los curiosos de los datos sobre la Estación Espacial Internacional, quiero recordaros que viaja a 28.000 kilómetros por hora, es decir, 470 kilómetros por minuto y 8 kilómetros por segundo, lo que se traduce en unos 28.164 kilómetros por hora. Esa velocidad es 10 veces superior a la de una bala. Así que espero que nuestros satélites puedan seguirle el ritmo. ¡Ja, ja! Estoy bromeando. En realidad viajan a una velocidad un poco superior. Bueno, vamos a conectar con la Estación Espacial Internacional y con nuestra astronauta Sunny (o Sunita Williams) dentro de aproximadamente... 10 minutos. He pensado que deberíamos echar un vistazo a los experimentos ganadores, los cuales actualmente están viajando por el espacio. Amr, ¿puedes coger Portuguese: o Diretor Executivo da Planetary Society há dois anos. E sou um membro há 32 anos. E estou muito animado com o que ocorrerá hoje. Pessoal, teremos que encerrar neste momento porque fiquei sabendo que faremos contato com a EEI em alguns instantes. Ela está... sobre o Atlântico agora. Para quem tem curiosidade sobre fatos da EEI, ela viaja a 28 mil quilômetros por hora. São 470 quilômetros por minuto, oito quilômetros por segundo. É algo como 17.500 milhas por hora. Dez vezes mais rápido que uma bala. Espero que nossos satélites consigam acompanhar. Ha ha! Estou brincando. Na verdade, eles viajam um pouco mais rápido. Vamos contatar a EEI e nossa astronauta Sunita Williams, em cerca de 10 minutos. Acho que podemos conhecer os experimentos vencedores que estão neste momento cruzando o espaço. Amr, você pode pegar Italian: direttore esecutivo della Planetary Society da due anni. Sono iscritto da 32 anni. Quindi sono entusiasta di quello che sta succedendo oggi. Ragazzi, dobbiamo interromperci qui perché mi dicono che ci collegheremo con l'I.S.S. tra pochi istanti. È, uh... sopra l'Atlantico proprio ora. Quindi per voi appassionati di dati sulla Stazione Spaziale Internazionale, voglio ricordarvi che va a una velocità di 28.000 km all'ora. Sono 470 chilometri al minuto, 8 chilometri in un secondo. Sono circa 17.500 miglia all'ora. È dieci volte più veloce di un proiettile. Quindi spero che i nostri satelliti riescano a tenere il passo. Ah ah! No, sto scherzando. In realtà vanno un po' più veloci. Dunque ora stiamo per collegarci con l'I.S.S. e con la nostra astronauta Sunny, Sunita Williams, tra circa... dieci minuti. Quindi pensavo che dovremmo esaminare i nostri esperimenti vincitori che stanno attualmente sfrecciando nello spazio. Amr, puoi portarci English: the Executive Director of the Planetary Society for a couple of years now. I've been a member for 32 years. So I am very excited about what's going on today. Guys, we're gonna have to leave it here because I'm getting word that we will be checking in with the I.S.S. in just a few moments. It's, uh... just over the Atlantic right now. So for you International Space Station fact finding buffs, I want to remind you it's going 28,000 kilometers a hour. That's 470 kilometers a minute, 8 kilometers a second. That's like 17,500 miles an hour. It's ten times faster than a bullet. So I hope our satellites can keep up. Ha ha! No, I'm kidding. They're actually going a little bit faster. So now we're gonna link up with the I.S.S. and our astronaut Sunny, Sunita Williams, in just about... ten minutes. So I thought we should look at our winning experiments which are currently hurtling through space. Amr, can you bring over Korean: 미 행성협회의 전무이자 CEO로 일해왔습니다. 또 32년 간 회원이었고요. 그래서 저는 오늘 일어날 일이 매우 기대됩니다. 여러분, 여기서 잠깐 얘기를 멈춰야겠네요. 잠시 후에 국제 우주 정거장에 체크인할 예정이라고 하네요. 국제 우주 정거장은 지금 대서양을 건너는 중입니다. 국제 우주 정거장 사실 조사 마니아 여러분들께 시간당 28,000킬로미터의 속도로 가고 있다는 사실을 알려드리고 싶습니다. 이 수치는 분당 470킬로미터, 초당 8킬로미터에 해당하죠. 시간당 17,500마일과 같습니다. 총알보다 10배 더 빠르죠. 위성이 따라잡을 수 있기를 바래요. 하하하! 아니요, 농담입니다. 위성이 실제로 조금 더 빠릅니다. 이제 약 10분 뒤에 국제 우주 정거장과 우리의 우주비행사인 Sunita Williams와 연결됩니다 이쯤에서 지금 우주를 뚫고 돌진하고 있는 우리의 우승 실험을 살펴보는게 어떨까요. Amr, 거기 선반에서 Dutch: de uitvoerend directeur van de Planetary Society sinds een paar jaar. Ik ben al 32 jaar lid. Ik vind het dus geweldig wat er vandaag gebeurt. We moeten het hier bij laten, want ik krijg te horen dat we zo meteen contact krijgen met het ISS. Het ruimtestation vliegt... het vliegt nu over de Atlantische Oceaan. Voor fans van feitjes over het ISS, vergeet niet dat het ruimtestation 28.000 kilometer per uur vliegt. Dat is 470 kilometer per minuut, 8 kilometer per seconde. Dat is 17.500 mijl per uur. Het is tien keer sneller dan een kogel. Dus ik hoop dat onze satellieten het kunnen bijhouden. Ha ha! Nee, grapje. Ze gaan eigenlijk een beetje sneller. Nu gaan we verbinding maken met het ISS en onze astronaute Sunny, Sunita Williams, over... tien minuten. Dus lijkt het me tijd om naar de winnende experimenten te kijken die momenteel door de ruimte schieten. Amr, kun jij Chinese: 好幾年的行星學會執行長 以及執行理事 我的會員資歷已有 32 年 所以我對今天將發生的事 感到很興奮 各位 我們要先告一段落 因為我剛得知 我們很快就要確認 國際太空站的位置 它... 現在位於大西洋上方 我要向各位介紹國際太空站的小知識 提醒各位 它的時速是 28,000 公里 也就是每分鐘 470 公里 每秒 8 公里 相當於時速 17,500 英里 比子彈還快十倍 希望我們的衛星跟得上 哈哈 我開玩笑的 其實衛星的速度還更快一點 我們約十分鐘後 就會與國際太空站 還有暱稱 Sunny 的太空人 Sunita Williams 連上線 我想我們應該瞭解一下 這些正在太空中奔馳的優勝實驗 Amr，可以將您的 Spanish: tu experimento sobre las arañas saltadoras del estante? Mohamed: Por supuesto. Nye: ¿Qué tratabas de descubrir exactamente con tu caja de arañas en el espacio? Mohamed: Intentaba descubrir los efectos que tiene la microgravedad sobre las arañas saltadoras cuando cazan a sus presas. Elegí este hábitat porque tenía una cámara donde la araña puede quedarse hasta que la caja llega a la Estación Espacial Internacional. La cámara sostiene a la araña y... Nye: Hay agua y... Mohamed: proporciona todo lo que la araña necesita para desarrollarse. Tiene otra cámara para las moscas de fruta, que elegí como presas. Nye: ¡Oh! Mohamed: Y...[risas] Y una vez en el espacio y listo para comenzar, el astronauta usa el sistema del émbolo para soltar las moscas de fruta... Nye: Ah, para soltarlas. Mohamed: en la cámara principal, y el experimento puede comenzar. Nye: Bien, observemos un poco a tu amigo de ocho patas aquí. Esta es la araña cebra, cebra porque tiene las rayas en su... Mohamed: Es Salticus scenicus, la araña cebra. Tiene cuatro pares de ojos grandes, Spanish: tu experimento de la araña saltadora en el estante para que lo veamos? Mohamed: Por supuesto. Nye: ¿Qué intentabas descubrir exactamente con el envío de tu caja con arañas al espacio? Mohamed: Bueno, intentaba descubrir los efectos que tendrá la microgravedad en las arañas saltadoras al intentar atrapar a sus presas. Elegí este hábitat porque incluía una cámara en la que la araña podía permanecer hasta que la caja llegara a la Estación Espacial Internacional. La cámara sirve de sustento a la araña... Nye: Hay agua y... Mohamed: Proporciona todo lo que la araña necesita para desarrollarse. También incluye otra cámara para las moscas de la fruta, que he elegido como presas. Nye: ¡Ah! Mohamed: Y... [risas] Y, ya en el espacio cuando el astronauta esté listo para empezar, utilizará el sistema de émbolo para soltar las moscas de la fruta... Nye: Oh, liberar, ya, ya... Mohamed: En la cámara principal, y el experimento podrá empezar. Nye: Bueno, analicemos a tu amiga de ocho patas. Esta es la araña cebra, se denomina "cebra" porque tiene estas graciosas rayas... Mohamed: Se trata de la Salticus scenicus o araña cebra. Tiene cuatro pares de ojos grandes, Polish: sprzęt do eksperymentu ze skaczącym pająkiem? Mohamed: Jasne. Nye: Czego dokładnie chciałeś się dowiedzieć dzięki tej klatce z pająkiem w kosmosie? Mohamed: Próbowałem ustalić wpływ mikrograwitacji na skaczące pająki, gdy polują na zdobycz. Wybrałem ten habitat, bo ma komorę, w której pająk siedzi, dopóki nie dotrze na Międzynarodową Stację Kosmiczną. W komorze jest pożywienie... Nye: Woda... Mohamed: ...wszystko, co potrzebne pająkowi do życia. W drugiej komorze są muszki owocowe, na które pająk będzie polował. Nye: Ach! Po dotarciu na orbitę astronauta użyje systemu tłoczków, by wpuścić muszki... Nye: Wpuścić. Aha. Mohamed: ...do komory głównej i zacząć eksperyment. Nye: Spójrzmy na twojego ośmionogiego przyjaciela. To skakun arlekinowy, nazywany też pląsem zebrą, bo ma zabawne paski na swoim... Mohamed: To salticus scenicus, skakun arlekinowy. Ma cztery pary dużych oczu, English: your jumping spider experiment there off the shelf? Mohamed: Sure. Nye: What exactly were you trying to find out with your spider cage in space? Mohamed: So I was trying to find out the effects microgravity will have on the jumping spiders when they hunt their preys. I chose this habitat because it had a chamber where the spider can stay until the box make it to the International Space Station. The chamber supports the spider and-- Nye: There's water and-- Mohamed: Provides everything that the spider needs to thrive. It has another chamber for the fruit flies, which I'd chosen as preys. Nye: Ah! Mohamed: And--[laughs] And once in space and ready to begin, the astronaut uses the plunger system to release the fruit flies... Nye: Oh, release. Uh-huh. Mohamed: into the main chamber, and the experiment can begin. Nye: So let's take a look at your eight-legged friend here. This is the zebra spider, zebra because it's got the happy stripes on its, uh... Mohamed: It's Salticus scenicus, the zebra spider. It has four pairs of large eyes, French: peux-tu nous apporter ton projet ? Bien sûr. Que cherchais-tu donc à savoir en envoyant une araignée dans l'espace ? J'ai voulu connaître les effets de la microgravité sur les araignées sauteuses lorsqu'elles chassent leurs proies. J'ai choisi cet habitat, car il contient un compartiment où l'araignée peut demeurer en attendant son arrivée sur la Station spatiale internationale. L'araignée peut vivre dans ce compartiment… – Il y a de l'eau… – Il y a de tout… Tout ce dont l'araignée a besoin pour vivre. L'autre compartiment contient des mouches, qui seront les proies. – Grrr… – Et… [rires] Une fois dans l'espace, l'astronaute utilise le système d'aspiration pour faire sortir les mouches… – D'accord. L'expérience peut alors commencer. Observons notre araignée. Voici l'araignée zébrée et ses fameuses rayures… Oui, araignée zébrée ou Salticus scenicus. Elle possède quatre paires d'yeux, Czech: podat svůj experiment se skákajícími pavouky? Mohamed: Jasně. Nye: Co přesně se pomocí své klece s pavouky ve vesmíru snažíš dokázat? Mohamed: Chtěl jsem zkoumat účinky mikrogravitace na skákavkovité pavouky během lovu kořisti. Tuto krabici jsem vybral, protože obsahuje schránku, ve které pavouk zůstane, než se krabice dopraví na Mezinárodní vesmírnou stanici. Pavouk ve schránce přežije – Nye: Má tam vodu a – Mohamed: Vše, co pavouk potřebuje k přežití. Je zde také schránka na mušky octomilky, které poslouží jako kořist. Nye: Aj! Mohamed: A – [smích] A až bude vše ve vesmíru a připraveno, astronaut stlačí píst, vypustí mušky... Nye: Vypustí, aha. Mohamed: ...do hlavní části schránky a pokus může začít. Nye: Podívejme se na tvého osminohého přítele. Toto je Skákavka pruhovaná, pruhovaná proto, že má na sobě tyto krásné pruhy... Mohamed: Salticus scenicus, Skákavka pruhovaná. Má čtyři páry velkých očí, Japanese: 棚から持って来てくれるかい？ モハマド: はい ナイ: そのケージの中のクモについて 何を調べたかったの？ モハマド: 僕が興味を持ったのは ハエトリグモの捕食行動への 無重力の影響です このケージを選んだのは、実験まで クモが入っていられる小部屋があって 実験開始まで安全でいられるからです 小部屋にはクモに必要な ナイ: 水もあるし モハマド: クモが 生きるためのものが全部あり 別の小部屋には餌となる ショウジョウバエが入ってます ナイ: あー！ モハマド: それと[笑] 宇宙で実験の準備ができたら 宇宙飛行士がプランジャーシステムを使って ショウジョウバエを解き放ちます ナイ: なるほど モハマド: ハエがクモの小部屋に入ったら 実験開始です ナイ: じゃあ、その実験の主役を見てみよう これがハエトリグモ 縞模様があるからゼブラスパイダーともいう モハマド: 学名はサルティカスシニカスです 大きな目が4組 Portuguese: o experimento da aranha na estante? Mohamed: Claro. Nye: O que exatamente você desejava descobrir com uma aranha enjaulada no espaço? Mohamed: Eu queria descobrir os efeitos que a microgravidade tem sobre aranhas saltadoras quando elas caçam suas presas. Escolhi esse habitat porque tem uma câmara na qual a aranha pode ficar até que a caixa chegue à Estação Espacial Internacional. A câmara protege a aranha e... Nye: Tem água... Mohamed: oferece tudo que a aranha precisa para sobreviver. Tem outra câmara para as moscas das frutas, que escolhi como presas. Nye: Ah! Mohamed: E...[risos] Uma vez no espaço e pronto para começar, o astronauta usa o sistema de êmbolo para libertar as moscas. Nye: Ah, libertar. Certo. Mohamed: para a câmara principal, e o experimento pode começar. Nye: Vamos dar uma olhada em nossa amiga de oito patas. Esta é a aranha-zebra, zebra porque tem as listras no... Mohamed: É a Salticus scenicus, a aranha-zebra. Ela tem quatro pares de olhos grandes, Dutch: je experiment met de springspin van die plank daar hier brengen? Mohamed: Tuurlijk. Nye: Wat wilde je uitzoeken met je spinnenkooi in de ruimte? Mohamed: Ik wilde het effect onderzoeken dat microzwaartekracht heeft op springspinnen wanneer ze op hun prooi jagen. Ik heb deze habitat gekozen, omdat die een ruimte bevat waar de spin in kan verblijven tot het geheel is vervoerd naar het internationale ruimtestation. De spin kan overleven in die ruimte en... Nye: Hij krijgt water en... Mohamed: De ruimte biedt alles wat de spin nodig heeft om te leven. Er zit nog een ruimte in voor de fruitvliegjes, die ik als prooi had gekozen. Nye: Ah. Mohamed: En... [lacht]. En eenmaal in de ruimte, als het zover is, gebruikt de astronaut het plunjersysteem om de fruitvliegjes los te laten... Nye: Loslaten. Oké. Mohamed: ...in de hoofdruimte, en dan kan het experiment beginnen. Nye: Laten we nu eens kijken naar je achtpotige vriendje hier. Dit is de zebraspin, omdat hij van die mooie strepen heeft op zijn, eh... Mohamed: Het is Salticus scenicus, de zebraspin. Hij heeft vier paar grote ogen, iw: את הניסוי של העכביש הקופץ מהמדף? מוחמד: בטח. ניי: מה בדיוק ניסית לגלות באמצעות מלכודת העכבישים שלך בחלל? מוחמד: ניסיתי לברר את ההשפעות של מיקרוגרביטציה על העכבישים הקופצים כאשר הם צדים את הטרף שלהם. בחרתי בבית הגידול הזה כי הוא כולל תא שבו העכביש יוכל להישאר עד שהקופסה תגיע לתחנת החלל הבינלאומית. התא תומך בעכביש ניי: יש בו מים, ו... מוחמד: ומספק את כל מה שהעכביש צריך כדי לשגשג. יש תא נוסף עבור זבובי הפירות, שבחרתי כטרף. ניי: אהה! מוחמד: [צוחק], וברגע שהניסוי נמצא בחלל ומוכן לביצוע, האסטרונאוט משתמש במערכת הבוכנה כדי לשחרר את זבובי הפירות... ניי: אה, לשחרר... א-הא. מוחמד: לתא הראשי, ואפשר להתחיל בניסוי. ניי: אז בוא נבחן את ידידך בעל שמונה הרגליים. זהו עכביש הזברה, זברה כי יש לו פסים עליזים על... מוחמד: זה סלטיקוס סניקוס, עכביש הזברה. יש לו ארבעה זוגות של עיניים גדולות Russian: твою клетку с пауком-прыгуном. МУХАММЕД. Да, сейчас. НАЙ. Итак, что же ты хотел узнать, отправляя паука в космос? МУХАММЕД. Я хотел выяснить воздействие невесомости на пауков-прыгунов, когда они охотятся на своих жертв. Здесь у нас есть камера, в которой паук может оставаться, пока он находится на Международной космической станции. Там есть все для него необходимое. НАЙ. Там вода и… МУХАММЕД. Там есть все, что нужно пауку для роста. В другой камере сидят плодовые мушки, которых я выбрал в качестве добычи. НАЙ. Ого! МУХАММЕД. Итак… [смеется] Когда камера в космосе и готова к эксперименту, астронавты с помощью поршня могут вытолкнуть плодовых мушек… НАЙ. Понятно! МУХАММЕД. …в главную камеру. Так начинается эксперимент. НАЙ. Теперь посмотрим на твоего восьминогого друга. Это зебровый паук-скакун. Зебровый, потому что у него белые и темные полосы… МУХАММЕД. Его научное название – Salticus scenicus. У него четыре пары больших глаз, Arabic: تجربة العنكبوت القافزة من فوق الرف؟ محمد: بالتأكيد. ناي: ما الذي تسعى لاكتشافه بالضبط من خلال إطلاق العنكبوت في قفص في الفضاء؟ محمد: كنت أحاول التعرف على آثار الجاذبية الصغرى على العناكب القافزة عند اصطيادها لفرائسها. لقد اخترت هذه البيئة لأنها تحتوي على غرفة حيث يمكن للعنكبوت البقاء حتى يصل الصندوق إلى محطة الفضاء الدولية (ISS). تشتمل الغرفة على كل ما تحتاجه العنكبوت و-- ناي: هناك مياه و-- محمد: تقدم كل شيء تحتاجه العنكبوت لتعيش. وبها غرفة أخرى حيث توجد ذبابات الفاكهة، التي اخترتها لتكون الفرائس. ناي: آه. محمد: و--[يضحك] وبعد الوصول إلى الفضاء والاستعداد للبدء، يستخدم رائد الفضاء نظام المكبس لتحرير ذبابات الفاكهة... ناي: أوه، آه هوو. محمد: داخل الغرفة الرئيسية، وعندئذٍ تبدأ التجربة. ناي: إذن لنلق نظرة على صديقتك ذات الأرجل الثمانية هنا. هذه هي العنكبوت المخططة، إنها مخططة لأن عليها خطوطًا جميلة هنا... محمد: إنها سالتيكس سنيكس، العنكبوت المخططة. لديها أربعة أزواج من العيون الكبيرة، German: mit den Springspinnen herüberbringen? Sicher. Was genau möchtest du mit dem Spinnenkäfig im Weltraum herausfinden? Ich möchte die Wirkung der Mikrogravitation auf die Springspinnen ermitteln, wenn sie ihre Beute jagen. Ich habe diesen Aufbau gewählt, weil hier eine Kammer ist, in der die Spinne bleiben kann, bis sich das Kästchen an Bord der ISS befindet. In der Kammer findet die Spinne Wasser und alles, was sie zum Überleben braucht. In der anderen Kammer sind Fruchtfliegen, die ich als Futter ausgewählt habe. Aha. Und... Und wenn sie dann im Weltall ist, lässt der Astronaut die Fruchtfliegen mit diesem Kolbensystem frei... Frei, soso. Oje. ... in diese Hauptkammer. Und dann beginnt das Experiment. Werfen wir einen Blick auf deinen achtbeinigen Freund. Das ist die Zebraspringspinne. Der Name kommt von den lustigen Streifen auf dem... Das ist Salticus scenicus, die Zebraspringspinne. Sie hat vier große Augenpaare, Korean: 깡충거미 실험을 가져올 수 있나요? 물론이죠. 우주에서 거미 우리로 알아내고 싶은 것이 정확히 뭐죠? 저는 깡충거미가 먹이를 사냥할 때 극미 중력이 깡충거미에게 미치는 영향을 알아내고 싶었어요. 저는 상자가 국제 우주 정거장에 무사히 도착할 때까지 거미가 머물 수 있는 공간이 있는 이 해비텟을 선택했어요. 이 공간에서 거미가 살 수 있고... Nye: 물이 있군요, 그리고.. Amr: 거미가 사는 데 필요한 모든 것을 제공해요. 여기에는 초파리를 위한 다른 공간도 있어요. 먹이로 초파리를 선택했어요. Nye: 아! Amr: 그리고... [웃음] 우주에서 시작할 준비가 되면 우주비행사가 플런저 시스템을 사용해서 초파리를 풀어줘요. Nye: 아, 그렇군요. 주 공간으로 말이죠. 그러면 실험이 시작될 수 있어요. 그러면 이제 다리가 8개 달린 친구를 한 번 볼까요. 이것이 제브라 거미입니다. 줄무늬가 있어서 제브라라고 하죠. 제브라·거미는 깡충거미라고 해요. 4쌍의 큰 눈이 있고 Chinese: 跳蛛實驗放到架子上來嗎？ 當然可以 您究竟想要在太空中的蜘蛛籠中 找出什麼答案？ 我想要瞭解 微重力會在跳蛛捕捉獵物時 造成什麼影響 我選擇這個棲地 因為其中有一個隔間 可在器材運往國際太空站的過程中 供跳蛛棲息 隔間可以讓跳蛛存活 - 裡面有水和... - 可以供應跳蛛成長所需的 一切資源 另一個隔間中則有果蠅 當做跳蛛的獵物 - 啊！ - 還有... [笑聲] 抵達太空並準備開始實驗後 太空人會使用柱塞系統 將果蠅釋放... - 釋放，嗯 ...到主隔間中 實驗即可開始進行 我們來看看你的八腳好朋友 這是斑馬紋跳蛛 身上有可愛的線條 所以叫斑馬 斑馬紋跳蛛的學名是 Salticus scenicus 有四對大眼睛 Italian: il tuo esperimento sul ragno saltatore che è lì sullo scaffale? Mohamed: Certamente. Nye: Che cosa stavi tentando di scoprire esattamente con la tua gabbia per ragni nello spazio? Mohamed: Volevo cercare di scoprire gli effetti della microgravità sui ragni saltatori quando cacciano le loro prede. Ho scelto questo habitat perché aveva una camera dove il ragno avrebbe potuto rimanere fino all'arrivo sulla Stazione Spaziale Internazionale. La camera fornisce sostentamento al ragno e... Nye: C'è dell'acqua e... Mohamed: fornisce tutto quello che serve al ragno per svilupparsi. Ha un'altra camera per i moscerini della frutta, che avevo scelto come prede. Nye: Ah! Mohamed: E... [risate] E una volta nello spazio e pronto a iniziare, l'astronauta utilizza il sistema a stantuffo per liberare i moscerini della frutta... Nye: Oh, liberare. Uh-uh. Mohamed: ...nella camera principale e l'esperimento può iniziare. Nye: Quindi diamo un'occhiata al tuo amico a otto zampe qui. Questo è il ragno zebra, zebra perché ha quelle belle strisce sul, uh... Mohamed: È il Salticus scenicus, il ragno zebra. Ha quattro paia di grandi occhi, German: acht bogenförmige Beine und Spinnwarzen. Um Fäden zu spinnen. Spinnwarzen, richtig. Ja, für die Spinnfäden. Diese Augen stellen ein besonderes Merkmal dar. Du meine Güte, sind das viele Augen. Mit den vier Augenpaaren hat die Spinne einen großen Sichtwinkel, fast einen Rundumblick. Jedenfalls größer als beim menschlichen Auge. Wo immer die Beute ist, die Spinne hat sie stets auf dem Schirm. Die Spinne kann die Beute also lokalisieren. Ihre Augen sind fast so gut wie die des Menschen. Und sie sieht in Farbe? Ja. Wow. Und das ist jetzt hier dargestellt. Die Spinne beäugt ihre Beute. Eine Fruchtfliege ohne Zukunft. Und der Plan ist: Die Spinne wird jetzt so springen, richtig? Auf der Erde kann die Spinne die Entfernung abschätzen und die Flugbahn so ausrichten, dass die Schwerkraft ausgeglichen wird. Sie landet genau auf der Beute. Und was ist das hier? Vor dem Sprung befestigt die Spinne einen Faden auf der Oberfläche, von der sie abspringt. Wenn sie das Ziel verfehlt, kann sie am Faden hochklettern und es nochmal versuchen. Bei einer glatten Oberfläche wohl kein Problem, Chinese: 八支彎曲的腿 - 還有紡織突 - 用來製造蜘蛛絲 - 紡織突，嗯 - 以便黏合絲線 呃，他的眼睛可真是特別 哇！有好多眼睛 這四對眼睛 可以為跳蛛帶來 非常廣泛的視野 視野比人眼大多了 所以不管獵物在哪 都逃不過跳蛛的法眼 跳蛛可以找出獵物的位置 而且跳蛛的視力幾乎跟人類一樣好 - 跳蛛可以看見顏色 - 對 哇，介紹到此為止 跳蛛盯著牠的獵物 是隻倒楣的果蠅 所以計劃是 跳蛛會像這樣跳過去，是吧？ 在地球上 跳蛛可以預估約略距離 調整運動軌跡來補償重力 精準地捕捉獵物 那現在這樣呢？ 跳蛛起跳前 會將絲線黏在 跳躍起點的地表上 所以就算錯過目標 還是可以沿著絲線往上爬 再試一次 但這是在平面上的情形 Spanish: patas curvadas, ocho patas curvadas, e hileras, Nye: Para hacer la seda. Hileras, sí. Mohamed: Para pegar los hilos de seda. Nye: Así que, mmm, estos ojos, esta es una cuestión especial para ellas. ¡Wow! ¡Wow! Son muchos ojos. Mohamed: Los cuatro pares de ojos le brindan a la araña una visión muy amplia de... una visión muy amplia. Y de hecho es mucho más amplia que la visión humana. Así que donde sea que se encuentre la presa, siempre está en la pantalla de radar de la araña. Y la araña puede localizar a la presa y tiene... sus ojos son realmente casi tan buenos como los ojos humanos. Nye: Y ven en color. Mohamed: Así es. Nye: Wow. Así que esta es la representación. La araña está viendo a su presa. Una desafortunada mosca de fruta. Y el plan es, Supongo que la araña saltará así, ¿de acuerdo? Mohamed: Aquí en la tierra, la araña puede aproximar... puede estimar la distancia y puede ajustar la trayectoria para compensar la gravedad y caer precisamente sobre la presa. Nye: ¿Y qué es esto aquí? Mohamed: Bien, antes de saltar, la araña pega un hilo de seda a la superficie desde la que salta de manera que si no alcanza el objetivo, puede subir por este hilo y volver a intentarlo. Nye: Sí, una cosa es en una superficie plana, English: curved legs, eight curved legs, and spinnerets. Nye: For making silk. Spinnerets, yep. Mohamed: To glue silk threads. Nye: So, uh, these eyes, this is a special deal for them. Whoa! Whoa! That's a lot of eyes. Mohamed: So the four pairs of eyes provide the spider with a very wide view of-- a very wide view. And it's actually wider than the human eyes. So wherever the prey is, it's always in the spider's radar screen. And the spider can locate the prey and it has-- its eyes are actually almost as good as human eyes. Nye: And they see in color. Mohamed: Yep. Nye: Wow. So here's a representation. The spider is eyeing its prey. A hapless fruit fly. And the plan is I guess the spider's gonna jump like this, right? Mohamed: Here on earth, the spider can approximate dis-- it can estimate the distance and can adjust the trajectory to compensate for gravity and land precisely on the prey. Nye: So what's this right here? Mohamed: So before it jumps, the spider glues a silk thread to the surface that it's jumping from so that if it misses the target, it can climb up this thread and try again. Nye: Yeah, it's one thing on a flat surface, Arabic: وأرجل منحنية، ثمانية أرجل منحنية، وأعضاء ناسجة للخيوط. ناي: لغزل الحرير. أعضاء ناسجة للخيوط، نعم. محمد: لغزل خيوط الحرير. ناي: إذن، هذه العيون، إنها فعلاً شيء خاص بهذه العنكبوت. واو، واو، هذا عدد كبير من العيون. محمد: إن الأزواج الأربعة من العيون توفر للعنكبوت مجال رؤية واسع للغاية-- مجال رؤية واسع للغاية. ومجال الرؤية هذا أوسع مما توفره عين الإنسان. وبالتالي، أينما كانت الفريسة، فهي دائمًا في مكان يكشفه رادار العنكبوت. ويمكن للعنكبوت تحديد مكان الفريسة-- فعيونها فعلاً تعمل تقريبًا بالكفاءة نفسها التي تعمل بها عين الإنسان. ناي: وهي ترى بالألوان. محمد: نعم. ناي: واو، وإليكم تمثيل لذلك. العنكبوت تشاهد فريستها. ذبابة فاكهة سيئة الحظ. وأظن أن الخطة هي أن العنكبوت ستقفز هكذا، أليس كذلك؟ محمد: هنا على الأرض، يمكن للعنكبوت تقريبًا أن تحدد-- يمكنها أن تحدد المسافة بالتقريب وأن تضبط المسار المنحني بحيث يتم تعويض الجاذبية وتهبط بدقة فوق الفريسة. ناي: إذن ما هذا الشيء هنا؟ محمد: قبل أن تقفز العنكبوت، فهي تغزل خيطًا من الحرير على السطح الذي تقفز منه حتى إذا ما أخطأت الهدف، فيمكنها تسلق هذا الخيط وإعادة المحاولة. ناي: نعم، فالأمر يختلف إذا كان السطح مستويًا، Czech: zahnuté nohy, přesně osm nohou, a snovací žlázy. Nye: K předení pavučin. Snovací žlázy, ano. Mohamed: Aby mohl plést pavučiny. Nye: A ty jeho oči, to je zvláštní věc. Jejda, jejda! To je spousta očí. Mohamed: Čtyři páry očí pavoukovi umožňují velmi široký rozhled – – velké zorné pole. Zorné pole je širší než u lidí. Ať už je kořist kdekoli, pavouk ji vždy vidí. Objeví kořist kdekoli – – jeho oči jsou skoro tak dobré jako lidské oči. Nye: A vidí barevně. Mohamed: Ano. Nye: Páni. Tady máme simulaci. Pavouk pozoruje kořist. Bezbrannou octomilku. Předpokládáme, že po ní takhle skočí, ne? Mohamed: Tady na Zemi dokáže pavouk odhadnout vzdálenost a přizpůsobit svou dráhu letu gravitaci, aby přistál přímo na kořisti. Nye: A co je tohle? Mohamed: Než pavouk vyskočí, přichytí vlákno pavučiny k povrchu, ze kterého skáče, takže když svůj cíl netrefí, může vyšplhat zpět a zkusit to znovu. Nye: Ano, na rovném povrchu je to snadné, iw: שמונה רגליים מעוקלות ואיברי טוויה. ניי: כדי לייצר משי. מוחמד: כדי להדביק חוטי משי. ניי: העיניים האלה, זה חשוב מאוד עבורם. וואו! וואו! זה הרבה עיניים. מוחמד: ארבעת זוגות העיניים מספקות לעכביש ראייה מאוד רחבה של - טווח ראייה רחב. הוא רחב יותר מטווח הראייה האנושי. כך שלא משנה היכן הטרף נמצא, הוא תמיד יהיה בשדה הראייה של העכביש. העכביש יכול לאתר את הטרף, והעיניים שלו טובות כמעט כמו עיניים אנושיות. ניי: והוא רואה בצבע. מוחמד: כן. ניי: וואו. אז הנה המחשה. העכביש מתמקד בטרף שלו. זבוב פירות חסר מזל. ואני מניח שהתוכנית של העכביש היא לקפוץ כך, נכון? מוחמד: כאן בכדור הארץ העכביש יכול להעריך את המרחק ולהתאים את המסלול כדי לפצות על כוח המשיכה ולנחות באופן מדויק על הטרף. ניי: ומה זה כאן? מוחמד: לפני שהוא קופץ, העכביש מדביק חוט משי על פני השטח שממנו הוא קופץ כדי שאם הוא יפספס את המטרה, הוא יוכל לטפס על החוט הזה ולנסות שוב. ניי: אם המשטח שטוח זה דבר אחד, Italian: zampe curve, otto zampe curve e filiere. Nye: Per fare la ragnatela. Filiere, sì. Mohamed: Per tessere i fili. Nye: Allora, questi occhi sono un bel po' per loro. Whoa! Whoa! Quanti occhi. Mohamed: Le quattro paia di occhi consentono al ragno una visione molto ampia di... una visione molto ampia. In realtà è più ampia della visione umana. Così, ovunque si trovi, la preda è sempre sullo schermo radar del ragno. Il ragno è in grado di individuare la preda e ha... la sua vista in realtà è buona quasi quanto quella umana. Nye: E vedono a colori. Mohamed: Già. Nye: Wow. Ecco una rappresentazione. Il ragno sta curando la sua preda. Uno sfortunato moscerino della frutta. Il piano, credo, è che il ragno salti così, giusto? Mohamed: Qui sulla Terra, il ragno può approssimare la dis... È in grado di valutare la distanza e può regolare la traiettoria per compensare la gravità e atterrare proprio sulla preda. Nye: E allora cos'è questa? Mohamed: Prima di saltare, il ragno tesse un filo sulla superficie da cui sta per saltare in modo che, se mancasse il bersaglio, potrebbe ripercorrere questo filo e riprovare. Nye: Già, una cosa è saltare su una superficie piana, Korean: 구부러진 8개의 다리, 방적 돌기가 있어요. Nye: 거미줄을 만들기 위한 거죠. 방적 돌기, 맞아요. Amr: 거미줄을 붙이기 위한 거죠. 이 거미는 눈이 아주 특별합니다. 와, 눈이 정말 많군요. 그러니까 눈이 4쌍이어서 거미에게 굉장히 넓은 시야, 매우 넓은 시야를 제공해요. 사실 사람의 시야보다 더 넓어요. 그래서 먹이가 있는 곳은 어디나 항상 거미의 레이더망에 있어서 거미가 먹이를 찾고 먹을 수 있어요. 거미의 시력은 실제로 거의 사람의 시력만큼 좋아요. Nye: 그리고 색도 볼 수 있어요. Amr: 맞아요. 멋지네요. 자, 여기 재현 장면이 있습니다. 거미가 먹이를 보고 있어요. 불행한 초파리를요. 거미의 계획은, 그러니까 거미가 이렇게 뛰어 오르겠네요. 그렇죠? 지구에서는 거미가 거리를 예측하고 궤도를 조정해서 중력을 보완하고 정확히 먹이 위로 떨어질 수 있어요. 그런데 여기에 있는 것은 뭐죠? 거미는 뛰기 전에 뛰는 자리의 표면에 거미줄을 붙여요. 그래서 만약 목표를 놓치면 이 줄을 타고 올라가서 다시 시도할 수 있어요. 그렇군요. 평평한 표면에서 뛰는것은 괜찮지만 Polish: osiem zgiętych nóg, i gruczoły przędne. Nye: Do przędzenia nici. Gruczoły przędne. Mohamed: Do sklejania włókien. Nye: Jego oczy są wyjątkowe. Ho-ho! Sporo ich. Mohamed: Dzięki czterem parom oczu pająk ma bardzo szerokie pole widzenia. Szersze niż u człowieka. Gdziekolwiek jest ofiara, pająk zawsze ma ją na oku. Może ją namierzyć, a jego oczy są prawie tak dobre jak ludzkie. Nye: Widzi w kolorze. Mohamed: Tak. Nye: Nieźle. Oto co się dzieje. Pająk patrzy na ofiarę. Pechową muszkę owocową. Plan jest taki, że pająk skoczy w ten sposób? Mohamed: Na Ziemi pająk może ocenić odległość, dostosować trajektorię, uwzględnić grawitację i wylądować prosto na zdobyczy. Nye: Co mamy tutaj? Mohamed: Pająk w miejscu, z którego skacze, przykleja nić do podłoża, więc jeśli nie trafi w cel, może się po niej wspiąć i znowu spróbować. Nye: Tu jest płasko, Japanese: 曲がった足が8本 そして出糸突起 ナイ: 糸を出す モハマド: 粘性のある糸です ナイ: そしてこれが彼ら独特の目 ワオ！ たくさんあるね モハマド: 目が4組もあるので 周囲を広く見渡せます とても広く 視野は人間より広く 獲物がどこにいても クモのレーダーに掛かります クモは獲物の場所をとらえ 視力は人間並です ナイ: 色もわかる モハマド: はい ナイ: では捕食の様子を見てみよう クモは獲物を見てるね 不運なハエだ 多分クモは こうやってジャンプするのかな？ モハマド: 地球上ではクモは獲物までの 距離を予測して軌跡を調整し 重力を考慮して獲物に飛びかかります ナイ: これは何？ モハマド: ジャンプする前にクモの糸を 巣の表面に貼り付けておいて 失敗した場合は 元の位置まで戻ってやり直します ナイ: これは平らな面の場合だけど Dutch: acht gebogen poten, en spintepels. Nye: Voor het maken van spinsel. Spintepels, inderdaad. Mohamed: Om draden te spinnen. Nye: Deze ogen, dat is bijzonder aan ze. Wow. Dat zijn een hoop ogen. Mohamed: De vier paar ogen geven de spin een breed veld van... een breed blikveld. Breder dan dat van mensenogen. Dus waar de prooi ook is, hij bevindt zich altijd op de radar van de spin. De spin kan de prooi traceren en zijn ogen zijn bijna net zo goed als mensenogen. Nye: En ze zien in kleur. Mohamed: Inderdaad. Nye: Wauw. Hier zien we een animatie. De spin heeft zijn prooi op het oog. Een ongelukkig fruitvliegje. Het plan is... ik denk dat de spin zo gaat springen, toch? Mohamed: Hier op aarde kan de spin afstanden van ongeveer... hij kan de afstand schatten en zijn baan aanpassen om de zwaartekracht te compenseren en precies op zijn prooi te landen. Nye: En wat is dit? Mohamed: Voordat hij springt, plakt de spin een zijden draad aan het oppervlak waar hij vanaf springt, zodat als hij het doelwit mist, hij langs de draad omhoog kan klimmen om het opnieuw te proberen. Nye: Op een vlak oppervlak gaat het nog wel, Portuguese: pernas curvadas, oito pernas curvadas e fiandeiras. Nye: para fazer a seda. Fiandeiras, isso. Mohamed: Para colar as teias. Nye: Esses olhos, é uma característica especial. Uau, são muitos olhos. Mohamed: Os quatro pares de olhos dão à aranha uma visão bastante ampla, muito ampla. Mais ampla que a visão humana. Onde a presa estiver, sempre estará no radar da aranha. A aranha pode localizar a presa, e os olhos são quase tão bons quanto os nossos. Nye: E elas distinguem as cores. Mohamed: Sim. Nye: Esta é uma representação. A aranha visualiza a presa. Uma pobre mosca da fruta. E o plano é... Acho que a aranha vai saltar sobre ela, certo? Mohamed: Aqui na Terra, a aranha pode se aproximar... pode calcular a distância e ajustar a trajetória para compensar a gravidade e pousar precisamente sobre a presa. Nye: E o que é isso? Mohamed: Antes de saltar a aranha tece uma linha até a superfície de onde está saltando porque se errar o salto ela pode voltar pela linha e tentar novamente. Nye: Em uma superfície é fácil, Spanish: patas curvadas, ocho patas curvadas e hileras. Nye: Para producir seda. Hileras, sí. Mohamed: Para pegar hilos de seda. Nye: Vaya, esos ojos dan mucho miedo. ¡Guau, guau! Eso son muchos ojos. Mohamed: Bien, los cuatro pares de ojos proporcionan a la araña un campo de visión muy muy amplio. De hecho, es más amplio que el del ojo humano. Por tanto, esté donde esté la presa, siempre estará en el campo de visión de la araña. Así, la araña puede localizar a su presa y... Su vista es en realidad casi tan aguda como la del ojo humano. Nye: Y puede ver en color. Mohamed: Sí. Nye: ¡Vaya! Veamos aquí una representación. La araña está observando a su presa. Una pobre mosca de la fruta, y el plan supongo que consiste en que la araña va a saltar de esta forma, ¿verdad? Mohamed: Aquí en la Tierra, la araña puede aproximar... Puede calcular la distancia y ajustar la trayectoria para compensar la gravedad y abalanzarse de forma precisa sobre la presa. Nye: ¿Qué es eso que se ve aquí? Mohamed: Antes de saltar, la araña pega un hilo de seda a la superficie desde la que salta para que, en caso de que falle su objetivo, pueda subir por este hilo para volver a intentarlo. Nye: Vale, una cosa es saltar desde una superficie plana, French: huit pattes courbées et des filières. – Pour tisser ses toiles… Pour coller les fils de soie. Parle-nous de ses yeux. Oh là ! Ça en fait des yeux ! Ses quatre paires d'yeux permettent à l'araignée d'avoir un champ de vision très large. Plus large que chez l'homme. Donc, où que se trouve la proie, elle est toujours dans le champ de vision de l'araignée. L'araignée est capable de localiser sa proie. Sa vue est presque aussi bonne que celle de l'homme. – Elle peut aussi voir les couleurs. – Oui. Voici une représentation. L'araignée observe sa proie… une pauvre mouche… Je suppose que l'araignée s'apprête à lui sauter dessus ? Sur Terre, l'araignée est capable d'évaluer les distances et peut ajuster sa trajectoire par rapport à l'effet de la gravité et atterrir exactement sur sa proie. Qu'est-ce que c'est ici ? Avant de sauter, l'araignée colle un fil de soie sur la surface depuis laquelle elle saute, de sorte que, si elle rate sa cible, elle pourra grimper sur le fil et recommencer. Sur une surface plane, ça va encore, Russian: четыре пары изогнутых лапок и паутинные железы. НАЙ. Да, паутинные железы, которые вырабатывают шелк. МУХАММЕД. Из него он делает нити. НАЙ. Глаза у него тоже особенные. Боже мой, сколько глаз! МУХАММЕД. Да, пауку нужны четыре пары глаз, чтобы видеть… видеть как можно шире. Поле зрения у него шире, чем у человека. Где бы добыча ни находилась, она всегда на радаре у паука. Поэтому он может без труда ее обнаружить. Его глаза видят почти так же хорошо, как глаза человека. НАЙ. И различает цвета. МУХАММЕД. Да. НАЙ. Класс! Итак, вот наша схема. Паук выслеживает добычу – несчастную мушку – и собирается, я думаю, на нее напасть. Вот так, да? МУХАММЕД. Здесь на Земле, паук может оценить расстояние и рассчитать траекторию с учетом тяготения так, чтобы сразу накинуться на добычу. НАЙ. А это что? МУХАММЕД. Перед прыжком паук приклеивает шелковую нить к поверхности, с которой совершается прыжок, чтобы в случае неудачи он мог забраться обратно и подготовить другой прыжок. НАЙ. Да, здесь у нас плоская поверхность, Czech: ale když skáče třeba z rostliny nebo – Mohamed: Třeba z květiny. Nye: Ano. Mohamed: Může si tím zachránit život. Nye: Tady máme další simulaci, která porovnává skok pavouka s olympijským skokem do dálky. A pavouk doskočí – – ne, to je člověk, který doskočí 8 metrů 31 centimetrů. 8 metrů... To byla letošní zlatá medaile. Je to přibližně... ...čtyřnásobek lidské výšky. Ale skákavka doskočí v poměru ke své velikosti ještě mnohem dále, že? Mohamed: V poměru k velikosti těla pavouk pomocí zvláštních svalů doskočí mnohem dále, než je čtyřnásobek jeho délky. Nye: A bez rozběhu. Mohamed: To nepotřebuje. Nye: Takže ty jsi usoudil, že ve vesmíru se pavouk bude muset přizpůsobit, že? Mohamed: Aby dokázal přežít, musí se přizpůsobit. Myslím, že při prvním pokusu pavouk poletí... Nye: Rovnou za nosem. Mohamed: Ano. Bude počítat s gravitací, jako tady na Zemi, takže mine cíl a poletí pořád dál. Dutch: maar als hij vanuit een plant springt, of... Mohamed: Vanaf een bloem, bijvoorbeeld. Nye: Ja. Mohamed: Het kan echt zijn leven redden. Nye: Hier hebben we een animatie waarin we de sprong van de spin vergelijken met die van een Olympische verspringer. En ik zie dat de spin... nee, dat is de mens die 8 meter 31 springt. 8 meter... Dat was de gouden medaille dit jaar. Dat is ongeveer... vier keer de lengte van het menselijk lichaam. Maar deze springspin gaat veel verder als je naar lichaamslengte kijkt, toch? Mohamed: Als je naar lichaamslengte kijkt, kan de spin in zijn sprong veel verder dan vier lichaamslengten springen, zonder speciale spieren te gebruiken. Nye: En zonder aanloop. Mohamed: Die heeft hij niet nodig. Nye: Het idee is dat je voorspelde dat de spin zich zou moeten aanpassen in de ruimte, toch? Mohamed: Om te overleven, moet de spin zich aanpassen, want ik voorspel dat voor de eerste vrije sprong de spin... Nye: Te recht gaat. Mohamed: Ja. Hij compenseert voor de zwaartekracht zoals hij hier op aarde doet, en dus mist hij het doelwit en blijft doorvliegen. Portuguese: mas se ela saltar de uma planta... Mohamed: Sim, ou de uma flor. Nye: Isso. Mohamed: Pode salvar a vida dela. Nye: Temos então a representação comparando o salto da aranha com o salto em distância das Olimpíadas. A aranha salta... não, esse é o saltador que chega a 8,31 metros. Oito metros... Esse foi o salto da medalha de ouro. É a distância de uns quatro corpos humanos. Mas a aranha saltadora vai mais longe que isso, em relação ao tamanho do corpo. Mohamed: Em termos de tamanho do corpo, a aranha consegue saltar mais do que quatro vezes o tamanho do corpo dela, usando músculos especiais. Nye: E sem a corrida inicial. Mohamed: Ela não precisa. Nye: Então a ideia é que você acha que a aranha precisará se adaptar no espaço, certo? Mohamed: Para sobreviver, ela precisará se adaptar, porque na primeira tentativa, a aranha foi... Nye: Longe demais. Mohamed: Sim, ela vai compensar a gravidade, como faz aqui na Terra, vai errar o cálculo e continuar o salto. French: mais si elle saute depuis une plante… – Depuis une fleur, par exemple. – OK. Ça peut lui sauver la vie. Voici donc une comparaison entre le saut de l'araignée et celui d'un sauteur en longueur. Et on voit l'araignée… non, pardon, c'est l'homme… qui saute une distance de 8,31 m. 8 mètres... C'est le saut du médaillé d'or de cette année. Ça correspond à peu près à la longueur de quatre hommes. L'araignée, elle, est capable de sauter bien plus loin en comparaison, c'est bien ça ? – Oui. Elle est capable de sauter à une distance bien supérieure sans utiliser de muscles spéciaux. – Et sans prendre d'élan. – En effet. Donc, ton idée, c'est que l'araignée devra s'adapter dans l'espace, c'est bien ça ? Afin de survivre, elle va devoir s'adapter. Lors du premier essai, son saut était trop… – Trop droit. Exact. Elle ajustera son saut par rapport à la gravité, comme elle le fait sur Terre, et ratera sa cible, car elle ne pourra pas s'arrêter. German: aber beim Sprung von einer Pflanze... ... oder einer Blume. Genau. So kann sie ihr Leben retten. Diese Grafik vergleicht den Sprung der Spinne mit dem eines Weitspringers. Der Weitspringer springt 8,31 Meter weit. 8 Meter... Das reichte dieses Jahr für olympisches Gold. Das ist etwa das 4-Fache der menschlichen Körperlänge. Aber diese Springspinne springt bezogen auf ihre Körperlänge sehr viel weiter, oder? Bezogen auf die Körperlänge springt die Spinne wesentlich weiter. Und das ohne spezielle Muskeln.   Und ohne Anlauf. Den braucht sie nicht. Und deine Idee besagt, dass die Spinne im Weltraum ein paar Anpassungen vornehmen müsste, richtig? Um zu überleben, muss sie sich anpassen. Ich schätze, bei den ersten Versuchen springt die Spinne... Zu weit? Ja. Sie muss die Schwerkraft so ausgleichen, wie sie das hier auf der Erde tut. Sie verfehlt das Ziel und fliegt weiter. Japanese: たとえば、植物の上からとか モハマド: 花とかですね ナイ: そう モハマド: その場合は命綱になります ナイ: 次はクモのジャンプを オリンピックの走り幅跳び選手の ジャンプと比べてみよう この場合にクモは...いや人間は 8メートル31センチ跳んでいる 8メートル... これは今年の金メダルだ これは人間の身長の約4倍 でもハエトリグモはもっと遠くまで跳べる モハマド: クモの体長を考えると 4倍どころじゃなく もっと遠くまで跳べます 特に鍛えてなくても ナイ: 助走もなしで モハマド: 必要ないですね ナイ: そこで君は 宇宙では環境への適応が必要だと予測した だよね？ モハマド: 生きるためには適応が必要です クモは最初のジャンプでは こうやって ナイ: まっすぐ行っちゃう モハマド: 重力分の調整が必要です 地上と同じように 捕食に失敗してもやり直します iw: אבל אם הוא קופץ מצמח או... מוחמד: למשל, מפרח. ניי: כן. מוחמד: זה יכול להציל את חייו. ניי: יש לנו כאן המחשה שמשווה בין העכביש הקופץ לאלוף האולימפי בקפיצה לרוחק. אני רואה שהעכביש, לא, זה האדם, קופץ למרחק 8 מטרים ו-31. 8 מטרים... זה היה השיא של הזוכה במדליית הזהב השנה. וזה בערך האורך של בן אדם כפול ארבע. אבל העכביש הקופץ עובר מרחקים הרבה יותר ארוכים במונחים של אורך גוף, נכון? מוחמד: במונחים של אורך גוף, העכביש יכול לקפוץ הרבה יותר רחוק מארבעה אורכי גוף, בלי שום שרירים מיוחדים. ניי: ובלי ריצה לצבירת תאוצה, מוחמד: הוא לא צריך את זה. ניי: אז הרעיון הוא, התחזית שלך היא שהעכביש יצטרך לערוך כמה התאמות בחלל, נכון? מוחמד: הוא יצטרך להתאים את עצמו כדי לשרוד. מכיוון שאני סבור שבניסוי החופשי הראשון העכביש פשוט יהיה... ניי: ישר מדי. מוחמד: כן, הוא יפצה על כוח המשיכה באותו אופן כמו בכדור הארץ אז הוא יפספס את המטרה ופשוט ימשיך לנוע. Polish: ale pająk może skakać np. z rośliny lub... Mohamed: Z kwiatu. Nye: Tak. Mohamed: To może uratować mu życie. Nye: Oto porównanie skoku pająka ze skokiem w dal olimpijczyka. Widzę, że pająk skacze... nie, to człowiek skacze 8 m 31 cm. 8 metrów... To wynik złotego medalisty z tego roku. Czyli około 4 wysokości człowieka. Ale pająk skacze znacznie lepiej w stosunku do swoich rozmiarów? Mohamed: Pająk podczas skoku leci o wiele dalej niż na 4 długości ciała i to bez użycia specjalnych mięśni. Nye: Ani rozbiegu. Mohamed: Nie potrzebuje go. Nye: Twoim zdaniem pająk będzie musiał przystosować się do warunków w kosmosie, tak? Mohamed: Aby przeżyć, musi się przystosować. Według mnie przy pierwszej próbie pająk skoczy... Nye: Prosto. Mohamed: Tak. Uwzględni grawitację tak jak na Ziemi, więc minie cel i poleci dalej. Korean: 예를 들면 식물 같은 데서 뛰어내리면 Amr: 꽃 같은 것에서요. Nye: 네, 맞아요. 거미의 생명을 구할 수 있죠. 자, 여기에 거미의 점프를 올림픽 멀리뛰기 점프와 비교하여 재현해 보았습니다. 자, 거미가 뜁니다. 아니, 사람이군요. 사람은 8미터 31. 8미터... 그 기록이 올해 금메달 기록이었죠. 그리고 이 길이는... 사람 몸의 약 네 배네요. 그렇지만 이 깡충거미는 자신의 몸 길이보다 훨씬 더 멀리 뛰죠. 맞나요? Amr: 몸 길이 측면에서 보면 거미는 특별한 근육을 사용하지 않아도 점프하면 몸 길이의 네 배보다 훨씬 더 멀리 뛸 수 있습니다. Nye: 도움닫기도 필요하지 않고요. Amr: 그럴 필요가 없죠. 그러니까 이 아이디어는 거미가 우주에서 어느 정도 상황에 맞춰 적응할 것이라 예상한 거죠. 맞나요? 살아남으려면 적응해야죠. 왜냐하면 제 생각에 첫 번째 시도에서 거미가... Nye: 너무 일직선으로 갔죠. 네. 중력을 보완하려 할 거에요. 지구에서처럼 말이죠. 그렇게 하면 목표를 놓치게 되고 계속 직진하게 되겠죠. Russian: но им ведь приходится прыгать и с растений. МУХАММЕД. С цветка например. НАЙ. Да. МУХАММЕД. Тогда по этой нити он может забраться обратно. НАЙ. Здесь у нас показано сравнение прыжка паука с прыжком в длину спортсмена на олимпиаде. И я вижу, что… А, нет, это прыжок человека: 8 метров 31 сантиметр. 8 метров… Это прыжок олимпийского чемпиона этого года. И это приблизительно… в 4 раза больше длины нашего тела. Но этот паук-скакун прыгает гораздо дальше, если мерить расстояние длиной собственного тела, да? МУХАММЕД. Да, если мерить длину прыжка длиной собственного тела, этот паук прыгает гораздо дальше, не прилагая особых усилий. НАЙ. Причем без разбега! МУХАММЕД. Он ему и не нужен. НАЙ. Значит ты считаешь, что пауку придется адаптировать технику прыжка к условиям невесомости, да? МУХАММЕД. Чтобы выжить, ему придется адаптироваться, потому что после первого прыжка паук наверняка… НАЙ. Полетит прямо. МУХАММЕД. Да. Он прыгнет, как обычно прыгает на Земле, в условиях земного тяготения, промахнется и полетит мимо. Arabic: لكن إذا ما كانت تقفز من فوق نبات أو-- محمد: من فوق زهرة مثلاً. ناي: نعم. محمد: فيمكن لهذا الخيط أن ينقذ حياة العنكبوت. ناي: إليكم الآن تمثيل لمقارنة قفزة العنكبوت بالوثب العريض أو الوثب الطويل الأولمبي. وأرى أن العنكبوت قطعت مسافة-- لا هذه المسافة التي قطعها الشخص وتبلغ 8.31 أمتار 8 أمتار... وكانت هذه هي المسافة التي حقق صاحبها الميدالية الذهبية. ويُقدر ذلك بنحو... ما يصل إلى طول الشخص أربع مرات. لكن هذه العنكبوت القافزة تقطع مسافة أطول من ذلك بالنسبة إلى طول الشخص، أليس كذلك؟ محمد: بالنسبة إلى طول الشخص، يمكن للعنكبوت أن تقطع مسافة تزيد بكثير عن طول الشخص أربع مرات في قفزته، بدون استخدام أي عضلات خاصة. ناي: وبدون أن تجري في البداية. محمد: لا يلزمها ذلك. ناي: وبالتالي تتمثل الفكرة في أنك تنبأت أن على العنكبوت التكيف مع الوضع في الفضاء، أليس كذلك؟ محمد: حتى تتمكن من مواصلة الحياة، عليها أن تتكيف، لأنني أعتقد أنها في المحاولة الحرة الأولى، توجهت العنكبوت بشكل... ناي: مستقيم أكثر مما يجب. محمد: نعم، إنها ستعوض الجاذبية كما تفعل هنا على الأرض، وبالتالي ستخطئ الهدف وستستمر في قفزتها. Chinese: 如果起跳點是植物或... - 例如從一朵花起跳 - 對 這麼做可以挽救自己的生命 我們現在要介紹 跳蛛的跳躍動作 與奧運跳遠選手的比較 跳蛛... 不，那是人類 跳出了 8.31 公尺 8 公尺... 這是今年的金牌得主 差不多是人類身高的四倍 但是，這隻跳蛛可以跳得 比身長 - 還要更遠嗎？ - 以身長來說 跳蛛在跳躍時 跳得比四倍身長還遠得多 而不需運用任何特殊肌肉 - 而且不用起跑 - 完全不用 所以你的構想是 你預測跳蛛會在太空環境中 做出某些適應行為嗎？ 為了存活，跳蛛非適應不可 因為我建議先做第一次測試 - 跳蛛... - 太直了 沒錯，他會補償重力 就像在地球上一樣 因而錯失目標 並且繼續往前移動 English: but if it's jumping like from a plant or-- Mohamed: From a flower example. Nye: Yeah. Mohamed: It can really save its life. Nye: So here we have a representation of comparing the spider jump to the Olympic broad jumper or long jumper. And I see the spider goes-- no, that's the human that goes 8 meters .31. 8 meters... And so that was this year's gold medal. And that is about... sort of four human body lengths. But this jumping spider goes a lot farther than that in body lengths, right? Mohamed: So in terms of of body length, the spider can do a lot more than four body lengths in its jump, using no special muscles. Nye: And no running start. Mohamed: It doesn't have to. Nye: So the idea is that you predicted the spider would have to make some adaptations in space, right? Mohamed: So in order to survive, it has to adapt, because I suggest for the first free trial, the spider was just... Nye: Too straight. Mohamed: Yeah. It will compensate for gravity as it does here on earth, so it will miss the target and just continue going. Spanish: pero si salta desde una planta, o... Mohamed: Desde una flor por ejemplo. Nye: Sí. Mohamed: Realmente puede salvarle la vida. Nye: Así que aquí tenemos una representación de comparación del salto de la araña con el saltador de longitud olímpico o saltador de largo. Y veo que la araña salta... no, es el humano el que salta 8 metros, 31. 8 metros... Y de esta manera esa fue la medalla de oro de este año. Y eso es aproximadamente... unas cuatro longitudes del cuerpo humano. Pero esta araña saltadora puede saltar mucho más lejos en longitudes del cuerpo, ¿correcto? Mohamed: En relación a la longitud del cuerpo, la araña puede alcanzar mucho más de cuatro longitudes del cuerpo en su salto, sin usar músculos especiales. Nye: Y sin tomar carrera. Mohamed: No lo necesita. Nye: Entonces la idea es que estimaste que la araña tendrá que hacer algunas adaptaciones en el espacio, ¿no es así? Mohamed: Para poder sobrevivir, tiene que adaptarse, porque sugiero que para el primer intento, la araña estuvo... Nye: Demasiado recta. Mohamed: Sí. Compensará la gravedad como lo hace aquí en la tierra, así que no alcanzará el objetivo y simplemente continuará intentándolo. Spanish: pero si salta desde una planta o... Mohamed: Desde una flor, por ejemplo. Nye: Sí. Mohamed: En realidad, puede salvarle la vida. Nye: Veamos una representación en la que la araña saltadora se compara con un atleta de salto de longitud olímpico. Por lo que veo la araña salta... No, se trata del salto humano que alcanza 8,31 metros. 8 metros... Ese salto ha sido la medalla de oro de este año. Y eso es aproximadamente... Unas cuatro veces la longitud corporal. Pero esta araña saltadora va mucho más lejos en términos de longitud corporal, ¿verdad? Mohamed: En términos de longitud corporal, la araña puede llegar mucho más lejos que cuatro veces la longitud corporal en su salto sin utilizar músculos especiales. Nye: Y sin impulsarse corriendo. Mohamed: No lo necesita. Nye: Por tanto, la idea que has pronosticado es que la araña deberá hacer algunas adaptaciones en el espacio, ¿verdad? Mohamed: Para sobrevivir, deberá adaptarse al medio porque creo que en el primer intento, la araña ha dado un salto... Nye: Demasiado recto. Mohamed: Sí. Creo que compensará la gravedad como hace aquí en la Tierra, así que fallará el objetivo y simplemente seguirá intentándolo. Italian: ma se salta da una pianta o... Mohamed: Da un fiore, ad esempio. Nye: Già. Mohamed: Gli può davvero salvare la vita. Nye: Qui abbiamo una rappresentazione che mette a confronto il ragno saltatore con un atleta olimpico che si cimenta nel salto in lungo. E vedo che il ragno arriva... No, è l'uomo che arriva a 8,31 metri. 8 metri... Questa è stata la distanza della medaglia d'oro di quest'anno. È pari a circa... quattro persone sdraiate. Ma questo ragno saltatore va molto più in là di questi corpi distesi, vero? Mohamed: In termini di corpi distesi, il ragno può superare di gran lunga quattro persone sdraiate con il suo salto, e senza muscoli speciali. Nye: E senza rincorsa. Mohamed: Non ne ha bisogno. Nye: Quindi l'idea è che hai previsto che il ragno avrebbe dovuto adattarsi in qualche modo nello spazio, giusto? Mohamed: Per sopravvivere deve adattarsi, perché secondo me nella prima prova libera il ragno è andato... Nye: Troppo lungo. Mohamed: Già. Compenserà la gravità come fa qui sulla Terra, così mancherà il bersaglio e continuerà oltre. Polish: Nye: Cel jest tutaj. Ale po jakimś czasie pająk ma szanse się przystosować? Mohamed: Czasami myślę, że może umrzeć, ale mam nadzieję, że się przystosuje. Nye: Zobaczymy. Spójrzcie i pomyślcie – pająki na stacji kosmicznej. Scenariusz sam się rozwinie. Huu! Mówisz, że to dokładna kopia klatki pająka? Mohamed: Tej w kosmosie. Nye: Habitat pająka. Wszystko dobrze, ale tam go nie ma. Mohamed: Nie ma? To gdzie on jest? Nye: Widzieliście to? Widzieliście? To mały krok dla Amra, ale wielki skok dla pająków. Świetnie. Dzięki, to wspaniałe. Mohamed: Dzięki. Nye: Dziękuję, Amr. Przejdźmy do drugiego eksperymentu. Dorothy, Sara, wasz eksperyment zainspirowały poprzednie badania NASA na Międzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej nad głównym sprawcą zatruć żołądkowych, bakterią salmonellą. Zgadza się? Mam ciarki na plecach. iw: ניי: את המטרה שמסומנת כאן. אבל אתה סבור שאחרי זמן מה אולי נראה שהעכביש יצליח להתאים את עצמו? מוחמד: לפעמים אני סבור שהם עלולים למות, אבל אני ממש מקווה שהוא יתאים את עצמו. ניי: כן, נראה. אבל חברים, ברצינות - עכבישים בתחנת חלל. התסריט הזה פשוט כותב את עצמו! וואו! [נערות מצחקקות] אז זה העתק מדויק של כלוב העכביש? מוחמד: הוא זהה לזה שבחלל. ניי: בית גידול של עכביש. הכל נהדר, אבל אין פה עכביש. מוחמד: באמת? איפה הם? ניי: ראיתם את זה, חברים? ראיתם את זה? צעד קטן לעאמר, צעד גדול לזן העכבישים הקופצים. זה טוב מאוד. תודה, זה נהדר. מוחמד: תודה. ניי: תודה, עאמר. בואו נעבור לניסוי השני. דורותי, שרה, אתן קיבלתן השראה לניסוי מעבודה קודמת שבוצעה על ידי NASA בתחנת החלל הבינלאומית על החיידק שעושה הכי הרבה בלגן בבטן - הסלמונלה. נכון? זה מלחיץ אותי. Spanish: Nye: El objetivo se muestra aquí. Pero crees que después de un rato tal vez veamos si la araña puede adaptarse, ¿de acuerdo? Mohamed: A veces pensaba que podría morir, peor realmente espero que se adapte. Nye: Sí, ya veremos. Pero miren todos. Vengan... arañas en una estación espacial. ¡El guión se escribirá solo! ¡Wow! [las chicas ríen] ¿Entonces dices que esta es una réplica exacta de la caja de la araña? Mohamed: Como la del espacio. Nye: Hábitat de araña. Todo está bien, pero no hay ninguna araña allí. Mohamed: Oh, ¿de verdad? ¿Dónde se encuentran? Nye: ¿Vieron eso chicos? ¿Lo vieron? Un pequeño paso para Amr, un gran paso para la araña saltadora. Esto es maravilloso. Gracias, es genial. Mohamed: Gracias. Nye: Gracias a ti, Amr. Muy bien, pasemos al otro experimento. Dorothy, Sara, su experimento se inspiró en trabajos anteriores realizados por la NASA en la Estación Espacial Internacional sobre la bacteria que más revuelve el estómago: la salmonella. ¿Correcto? Oh, me da escalofríos. English: Nye: The target shown here. But you think that after a while maybe we'll see if the spider can adapt, right? Mohamed: So sometimes I thought they might die, but I really hope they adapt. Nye: Yeah, we'll see. But look, you guys. Come on-- spiders on a space station. The screenplay is gonna write itself! Whoo! [girls giggling] So you're saying this is an exact replica of the spider cage? Mohamed: As the one in space. Nye: Spider habitat. Uh, everything's fine, but there's no spider in there. Mohamed: Oh, there's not? Where are they? Nye: Did you guys see that? Did you see that? One small step for Amr, one giant leap for jumping spider kind. That's really good. Thanks, man, that's great. Mohamed: Thanks. Nye: Thank you, Amr. All right, let's move on to the other experiment. Dorothy, Sara, your experiment was inspired by previous work that was carried out by NASA on the International Space Station on the most stomach-churning of bacteria-- salmonella. Right? Ooh, gives me the creeps. Spanish: Nye: El objetivo que se muestra aquí. Pero, según crees, después de un tiempo es posible que veamos si la araña sabe adaptarse, ¿verdad? Mohamed: En ocasiones, he pensado que podría morir, pero realmente espero que sepa adaptarse. Nye: Bueno, lo veremos. ¿Lo veis, chicos? ¿No es genial? Arañas en una estación espacial. ¡El guión se escribirá por sí solo! ¡Uh! [las chicas ríen] ¿Y según dices esta es una réplica exacta de la caja para arañas? Mohamed: Igual que la del espacio. Nye: Un hábitat para arañas. Todo parece correcto, pero no veo ninguna araña. Mohamed: ¿No hay arañas? ¿Dónde están? Nye: Chicos, ¿habéis visto eso? ¿Habéis visto eso? Un pequeño paso para Amr, pero un gran salto para la especie de la araña saltadora. Eso es realmente genial. Gracias, Amr, es genial. Mohamed: Gracias. Nye: Gracias, Amr. Bueno, pasemos al otro experimento. Dorothy y Sara, vuestro experimento estaba basado en trabajos anteriores desarrollados por la NASA en la Estación Espacial Internacional relacionados con la bacteria que más revuelve el estómago: la salmonella. ¿Verdad? Uy, me pone los pelos de punta. Czech: Nye: Tady je cíl. Ale domníváš se, že po chvíli se pavouk dokáže přizpůsobit, že? Mohamed: Občas si říkám, že možná nepřežije, ale pevně věřím, že se přizpůsobí. Nye: Tak uvidíme. Jen si to představte. To je něco – – pavouci na vesmírné stanici. Tenhle scénář se napíše sám. Hu! [dívky se smějí] Takže tohle je přesná replika pavoučí klece? Mohamed: Stejná jako ve vesmíru. Nye: Pavoučí schránka. Je to pěkné, ale není tu žádný pavouk. Mohamed: Není? Kam se poděl? Nye: Viděli jste to? Viděli jste to? Jeden malý krok pro Amra, ale velký skok pro skákajícího pavouka. To je vynikající. Děkuji, bude to úžasné. Mohamed: Já děkuji. Nye: Díky, Amre. Podívejme se nyní na druhý experiment. Dorothy, Saro, váš experiment vychází z předchozího výzkumu NASA na Mezinárodní vesmírné stanici, který se týkal jedné z nejodpornějších bakterií – – salmonely. Je to tak? Dělá se mi z toho špatně. French: La cible qui est ici. Mais tu penses qu'avec le temps l'araignée sera capable de s'adapter ? Il est possible qu'elle meure, mais j'espère vraiment qu'elle sera capable de s'adapter. Nous allons le découvrir… Des araignées sur une station spatiale ! Tout cela devient réalité ! Wahou ! [rires] Il s'agit donc d'une réplique exacte de la cage de l'araignée ? La même que dans l'espace. L'habitat de l'araignée… Mais il n'y a pas d'araignée là-dedans ! Ah bon ? Où est-elle ? Vous avez vu ça ? Un petit pas pour Amr, un pas de géant pour les araignées ! C'est super. Merci à toi. – Merci. – Merci, Amr. Ok, passons à présent à l'autre expérience. Dorothy, Sara, vous avez été inspirées par une étude menée par la NASA sur la Station spatiale internationale sur la méchante bactérie appelée… salmonelle. C'est bien ça ? Je ne les aime pas… German: Dieses Ziel hier. Und nach einer Weile wird sich die Spinne deiner Meinung nach anpassen? Ich habe auch befürchtet, dass sie vielleicht sterben, aber ich hoffe sehr auf die Anpassungsfähigkeit. Wir werden sehen. Aber hey, Leute, Spinnen in einer Raumstation! So ein Drehbuch schreibt sich doch selbst. Oha. Und das hier ist eine exakte Kopie des Spinnenkäfigs? Genau wie der im Weltraum. Ein Spinnengehege. Hm, alles in Ordnung, aber da ist keine Spinne drin. Wirklich nicht? Wo ist sie? Habt ihr das gesehen? Habt ihr das alle gesehen? Ein kleiner Schritt für Amr, aber ein großer Schritt für die Springspinne. Das ist wirklich gut. Danke, das ist echt großartig. Danke. Vielen Dank, Amr. Kommen wir jetzt zum zweiten Experiment. Dorothy, Sara, eure Idee basiert auf früheren Arbeiten von NASA-Astronauten an Bord der ISS. Bakterien, die uns den Magen verderben: Salmonellen. Stimmt's? Oh, wie eklig! Korean: Nye: 여기 이 목표 말이군요. 그렇다면 시간이 좀 지난 후 거미가 적응할 수도 있을 것이라고 생각하는거죠? 가끔은 거미가 죽을 수도 있다고 생각했어요. 하지만 거미가 정말 적응하면 좋겠어요. 곧 알게 되겠죠. 그런데 여러분, 자, 우주 정거장의 거미들- 대본이 저절로 쓰여지겠네요. 우! [웃음] 이 우리가 원본 거미 우리와 완전히 똑같은 복제품이죠? 우주에 있는 것과 같아요. 거미 해비텟이네요. 모두 좋아요. 하지만 거미가 없네요. 거미가 없나요? 어디에 있죠? 여러분 보셨나요? 보셨어요? Amr에게는 작은 한 걸음이지만 깡충거미류에게는 위대한 도약이군요. 정말 좋아요. 감사합니다. 훌륭해요. Amr: 고맙습니다. Nye: 감사합니다, Amr. 자, 이제 다른 실험으로 넘어가 볼까요? Dorothy, Sara, 여러분의 실험은 이전에 NASA 국제 우주 정거장에서 수행한 작업에서 아이디어를 얻었습니다. 듣기만 해도 속이 부글거리는 살모넬라라는 박테리아에 대한 실험이었죠. 맞습니까? 소름끼치는데요. Arabic: ناي: يظهر الهدف هنا. لكنك تعتقد أنه بعد فترة سنرى ما إذا كانت العنكبوت ستستطيع التكيف، أليس كذلك؟ محمد: أحيانًا أظن أنها قد تموت، لكنني أرجو حقًا أن تستطيع التكيف. ناي: نعم، سنرى. لكن انظروا أيها الشباب. إنه أمر مثير-- العناكب على متن محطة فضاء. لن يحتاج السيناريو إلى أي جهد. هوو. [الفتيات تقهقهن] إذن أنت تقول أن هذا هو نسخة طبق الأصل من قفص العنكبوت؟ محمد: إنه مثل الذي انطلق إلى الفضاء. ناي: بيئة العنكبوت. آه، يبدو كل شيء على ما يرام، لكن ليست هناك عنكبوت بالداخل. محمد: أوه، أليست هناك؟ أين هي؟ ناي: هل رأيتم ذلك أيها الشباب؟ هل رأيتم ذلك؟ إنها خطوة صغيرة يخطوها عمرو، وقفزة كبيرة جدًا لنوع العنكبوت القافزة. هذه تجربة جيدة حقًا. شكرًا، رائع. محمد: شكرًا. ناي: شكرًا لك، عمرو. حسنًا هيا بنا ننتقل إلى التجربة الأخرى. دورثي، سارة، لقد استلهمتما تجربتكما من عمل سابق نفذته وكالة ناسا في محطة الفضاء الدولية (ISS) حول أكثر أنواع البكتريا التي تسبب ألمًا في المعدة-- وهي السالمونيلا. أليس كذلك؟ أوه، إن ذلك يخيفني. Chinese: 目標如這裡所示 但你認為過一陣子後 我們或許會發現跳蛛能夠適應環境？ 有時我認為它們可能會死掉 但我由衷希望它們能夠適應 我們會看見結果 看看，你們各位 蜘蛛在太空站上耶 這劇本真是太不可思議了！ 哇！ [女孩咯咯笑聲] 所以這個蜘蛛籠 是一模一樣的複製品？ 另一個在太空中 蜘蛛棲地 喔，一切都很順利 但是太空中沒有蜘蛛 沒有蜘蛛？ 蜘蛛都上哪去了？ 你們看到了嗎？有看到嗎？ Amr 的一小步 是全跳蛛的一大步 真的很棒 老兄謝了，棒極了 - 謝謝 - 謝謝你，Amr 好，接下來我們要介紹另一項實驗 Dorothy 和 Sara 你們的實驗靈感 是來自於 NASA 先前在國際太空站上 所進行的實驗 噁心的細菌... 沙門氏菌 是吧？ 喔，讓人起雞皮疙瘩 Portuguese: Nye: A presa está aqui. Mas você acha que mais tarde a aranha conseguirá se adaptar, correto? Mohamed: Eu pensava que ela poderia morrer, mas espero que consiga se adaptar. Nye: É o que veremos. Mas olhem, pessoal. Puxa vida, aranhas em uma estação espacial. O roteiro está quase pronto. Uau! [garotas rindo] Você disse que esta é uma réplica fiel da jaula da aranha? Mohamed: Igual à do espaço. Nye: O habitat da aranha. Tudo está indo bem, mas não tem aranhas aqui. Mohamed: Não tem? Onde elas estão? Nye: Vocês viram isso? Viram isso? Um pequeno passo para Amr, um grande passo para as aranhas. Está ótimo. Obrigado, está excelente. Mohamed: Obrigado. Nye: Obrigado, Amr. Muito bem, vamos ao outro experimento. Dorothy, Sara, o de vocês foi inspirado em um trabalho anterior realizado pela NASA na Estação Espacial Internacional sobre a bactéria mais danosa ao nosso estômago, salmonela. Certo? Isso me dá arrepios. Russian: НАЙ. Его цель показана здесь. По-твоему, через некоторое время мы сможем увидеть, адаптировался паук или нет, правильно? МУХАММЕД. Иногда я опасаюсь, что мои пауки погибнут, но все-таки надеюсь, что им удастся адаптироваться. НАЙ. Что ж, посмотрим. Вы только подумайте! Пауки на космической станции! Что ещё нужно для сценария фильма? Вау! [девушки смеются] Значит, это у тебя точная копия клетки для пауков? МУХАММЕД. Такая же, как на станции. НАЙ. Жилище для пауков. М-м, а где же, собственно, сами пауки? МУХАММЕД. А разве их там нет? Где же они? НАЙ. Вы видели? Нет, вы это видели? Небольшой шажок для Амира, но гигантский прыжок для паука-скакуна! Очень интересно! Спасибо, парень! МУХАММЕД. Спасибо! НАЙ. Спасибо, Амир. Теперь переходим к следующему эксперименту. Дороти, Сара, ваш опыт связан с работой, выполненной ранее НАСА на МКС. В тот раз ученые исследовали очень вредную для нашего желудка бактерию – сальмонеллу. Правильно? Бррр, какая гадость! Japanese: ナイ: 獲物はここ 君の考えでは、何度かトライしてるうちに クモは環境に適応すると モハマド: 捕食できずに死んでしまうかもと 心配しましたが 適応してほしいです ナイ: 結果が楽しみだね 「宇宙ステーションのクモ」 脚本はクモにお任せだ ワオ [女子の笑い声] これは実験で使うクモのカゴと 同じ物？ モハマド: そうです ナイ: クモの住みかだね でも肝心のクモがいないようだけど モハマド: いませんか？どこに行ったんだろう？ ナイ: 誰かクモを見なかったかい？ モハマドにとって小さな一歩だけど ハエトリグモにとっては大きな飛躍だね 面白かったよ ありがとう モハマド: ありがとうございました ナイ: ありがとう じゃあ次の実験を見てみよう ドロシー、サラ 君たちの実験は、NASAが以前に ISSで行った実験から ヒントを得た 胃腸炎の原因となる サルモネラ菌に関するものだね おっと失礼 Dutch: Nye: Het doelwit dat je hier ziet. Maar je denkt dat na een tijdje de spin zich misschien kan aanpassen, nietwaar? Mohamed: Soms dacht ik dat ze misschien dood zouden gaan, maar ik hoop echt dat ze zich aanpassen. Nye: We zullen het zien. Maar moet je kijken, jongens. Kom op: spinnen in een ruimtestation. Het filmscript schrijft zichzelf! Woehoe! [meisjes giechelen] Dit is volgens jou een exacte replica van de spinnenkooi? Mohamed: Zoals die in de ruimte. Nye: Spinnenhabitat. Alles ziet er mooi uit, maar er zit geen spin in. Mohamed: Zitten ze er niet in? Waar zijn ze? Nye: Zagen jullie dat? Eén kleine stap voor Amr, een grote sprong voor de springspin. Dat is echt gaaf. Dank je wel, geweldig. Mohamed: Bedankt. Nye: Jij bedankt, Amr. Laten we nu naar het andere experiment gaan kijken. Dorothy, Sara, jullie experiment is geïnspireerd door eerder werk dat door de NASA is gedaan in het internationale ruimtestation rond de meest misselijkmakende van alle bacteriën: salmonella. Toch? Ik krijg er rillingen van. Italian: Nye: Il bersaglio mostrato qui. Ma pensi che dopo un po' forse vedremo se il ragno è in grado di adattarsi, giusto? Mohamed: A volte ho pensato che potrebbero morire, ma spero proprio che si adattino. Nye: Già, vedremo. Ma pensateci, ragazzi. Forza... ragni sulla stazione spaziale. Il copione si scrive da solo! Whoo! [le ragazze ridacchiano] Quindi dici che questa è una replica esatta della gabbia per ragni? Mohamed: Come quella nello spazio. Nye: Un habitat per ragni. Uh, è tutto a posto, ma non c'è nessun ragno dentro. Mohamed: Oh, non ce ne sono? dove sono? Nye: Ragazzi l'avete visto? L'avete visto? Un piccolo passo per Amr, un grande balzo per la specie del ragno saltatore. È davvero forte. Grazie, è fantastico. Mohamed: Grazie. Nye: Grazie Amr. Bene, passiamo all'altro esperimento. Dorothy, Sara, il vostro esperimento è stato ispirato dal lavoro precedente condotto dalla NASA sulla Stazione Spaziale Internazionale sul batterio più terribile per lo stomaco... la salmonella. Giusto? Ooh, mi vengono i brividi. Arabic: إذن اكتشف رواد الفضاء أن هذه البكتريا التي صعدت إلى المدار ثم عادت إلى الأرض تُمرض أكثر من غيرها إلى حد ما، وهو ما يصفه العلماء بأنه شراسة أكبر عما كانت عليه قبل أن تغادر الأرض. إذن سارة ودورثي، كيف توصلتما إلى هذه التجربة؟ ما الفكرة من ورائها؟ ما الذي أثار اهتمامكما بشأنها؟ شين: ما أردنا اكتشافه هو أن ضرر السالمونيلا يتزايد للغاية، في الفضاء، وتصبح أكثر شراسة، واعتقدنا أنه إذا كان ذلك يمكن أن يحدث، فلماذا لا تصبح البكتريا "المفيدة" أكثر فائدة وأكثر شراسة لكن بطريقة يمكن أن تنفع الإنسان؟ وبالتالي هذان النوعان من البكتريا من الجين الشائع وهو يسمى جين HFQ،-- ناي: هذا الجين HFQ مفيد. نعم. شين: إنه مفيد، نعم. ناي: هل يمكنك إحضار الأدوات من فوق الرف من هناك؟ شين: بالتأكيد. ما: نعم. ناي: إذن بطريقة ما استطعتما أن تضعا البكتريا في هذه الأنابيب الرائعة الملائمة للفضاء، أليس كذلك؟ شين: صحيح. نضعها بأعلى ثم تدير سونيتا ويليامز، رائدة الفضاء، الذراع، وبعد الصعود إلى الفضاء، iw: אז אסטרונאוטים גילו שחיידקים שהיו בחלל וחזרו לכדור הארץ גרמו ליותר מחלות או כפי שמדענים מכנים זאת, היו 'אלימים' יותר, מאשר שהיו לפני שהם עזבו. שרה, דורותי, איך חשבתם על זה? מה היה הרעיון? מה משך אתכן בזה? צ'ן: הדבר שאותו ניסינו לברר, מכיוון שהסלמונלה הפכה ליותר ויותר מזיקה בחלל, יותר אלימה, אז תהינו - אם דבר כזה יכול לקרות, למה לא להפוך את החיידקים "הטובים" לטובים יותר ל"אלימים" יותר, אבל באופן שיועיל לבני אדם? לשני החיידקים יש גן משותף, שמכונה גן ה-HFQ, ניי: ידידנו הטוב ה-HFQ. כן. צ'ן: כן, הוא חבר טוב. ניי: את יכולה להביא את המתקן מהמדף? צ'ן: בטח. מא: כן. ניי: אז איכשהו ארזתן את החיידקים בשפופרות הנהדרות האלה, שמותאמות לחלל, נכון? צ'ן: נכון, שמנו אותן למעלה, והאסטרונאוטית סוניטה וויליאמס מסובבת את החלק הזה ברגע שהם בחלל, Portuguese: Os astronautas acham que essas bactérias que foram ao espaço e voltaram para a Terra ficaram mais maléficas, os cientistas chamam de mais virulentas do que antes de partir. Então, Sara e Dorothy, como vocês pensaram nisso? Qual foi a ideia? O que atrai vocês nisso? Chen: O que queríamos descobrir era que como a salmonela ficava ainda mais perigosa no espaço, mais virulenta, pensamos que se isso acontecia, porque não melhorar uma bactéria "boa" e torná-la mais virulenta mas de forma benéfica aos humanos? Então essas duas bactérias de um gene comum, chamado gene HFQ, que... Nye: Nosso amigo HFQ. Sim. Chen: E um bom amigo. Nye: Você pode pegar o aparato ali na estante? Chen: Claro. Ma: Sim. Nye: Então vocês colocaram as bactérias nesses tubos adaptados ao espaço, certo? Chen: Certo. Colocamos na parte superior e Sunita Williams, a astronauta, ela abre e, quando estiverem no espaço, French: Les astronautes ont constaté que ces bactéries envoyées dans l'espace étaient, à leur retour sur Terre, encore plus dangereuses, ou "virulentes", pour employer le terme scientifique, qu'avant d'être envoyées dans l'espace. Sara, Dorothy, comment cette idée vous est-elle venue ? Pourquoi avez-vous choisi ce projet ? Nous voulions savoir si, de la même façon que les salmonelles deviennent plus virulentes dans l'espace, il était possible de rendre une "bonne" bactérie encore meilleure pour que cela bénéficie à l'homme ? Ces deux bactéries ont un gène commun, appelé HFQ, et qui… – Notre cher ami le HFQ. Oui, c'est un ami ! Pouvez-vous m'apporter cette chose sur l'étagère ? – Bien sûr. – Oui, oui. Vous avez donc placé ces bactéries dans ces superbes tubes, c'est bien ça ? Oui, on les a placées dans la partie supérieure. L'astronaute, Sunita Williams, devra les remonter, puis, une fois dans l'espace, Korean: 그러니까 우주비행사가 이 박테리아를 궤도에 가져갔다가 지구로 다시 돌아왔더니 어찌된 일인지 더 구역질나는 박테리아로 변한 것을 발견했죠. 과학자들의 표현으로는 지구를 떠나기 전보다 독성이 더 강해졌다고 하죠. Sara, Dorothy, 어떻게 이런 실험을 생각해 냈죠? 아이디어가 무엇이었나요? 어떤 점이 여러분을 사로잡았죠? 글쎄요, 우리가 알고 싶었던 것은 살모넬라가 우주에서 나빠지고, 점점 더 나빠지고 독성이 강해졌다면, '좋은' 박테리아도 더 좋아지고 사람에게 이로운 방향으로 강해질 수도 있지 않을까 생각했어요. 이 두 박테리아는 모두 HFQ 유전자라는 공통 유전자를 가지고 있어요. Nye: 우리의 좋은 친구, HFQ군요. 네, 맞아요. 좋은 친구죠. 거기 선반에서 장치를 가져오시겠어요? 물론이죠. 네. 그러니까, 이것이,.. 여러분이 어떻게든 이 멋진 우주용 튜브에 박테리아를 넣은 거죠. 맞습니까? 네, 맞아요. 우리는 박테리아를 맨 위에 넣었어요. 그런 다음 우주비행사 Sunita Williams씨가 크랭크로 돌린 다음 우주에 도착하면 English: So astronauts find that these bacteria that have been in orbit and came back to earth were somehow more sick-making, what scientists call more virulent than they had been before they left. So Sara, Dorothy, how did you come up with this? What was the idea? What grabs you about this? Chen: Well, what we wanted to find out was because the salmonella becomes bad, more and more bad in space, more virulent, we thought if that could happen, why not make the "good" bacteria more good and more virulent but in a way that would be beneficial to humans? So these two bacteria both of a common gene called the HFQ gene, which-- Nye: Our good friend the HFQ. Yes. Chen: It's a good friend, yeah. Nye: Hey, can you get the gizmo off the shelf there? Chen: Sure. Ma: Yeah. Nye: So this is--somehow you got the bacteria packed in these fabulous space-worthy tubes, right? Chen: Right. We put them in the top and then Sunita Williams, the astronaut, she cranks it, and then once they're in space, Chinese: 太空人發現這些細菌 從軌道回到地球後 變得更容易引發疾病 科學家將這個現象稱做毒性增強 這些細菌比當初離開地球時更毒 所以 Sara 和 Dorothy 你們是怎麼想出這構想的？ 創意是什麼？ 有哪些地方吸引你們？ 我們想要瞭解 如果沙門氏菌在太空中 變得更致命也更具病毒性 那麼如果可以的話 為什麼不讓益菌 以對人類有益的方式 變得更有益 也更具病毒性呢？ 這兩種細菌的基因 - 都稱做 HFQ 基因... - HFQ 是我們的好朋友 是我們的好朋友，沒錯 嘿，你可以把這個小裝置放到架上嗎？ - 當然可以 - 沒問題 這就是... 你將細菌封裝在 這些太空專用的試管中？ 對，我們將細菌放置在頂端 然後太空人 Sunita Williams 會轉動曲柄 等到抵達太空後 Dutch: Astronauten hebben ontdekt dat deze bacteriën die in de ruimte zijn geweest en terug naar de aarde zijn gebracht, nog misselijkmakender zijn, wat wetenschappers 'virulenter' noemen, dan voordat ze naar de ruimte gingen. Dus, Sara en Dorothy, hoe zijn jullie hierop gekomen? Wat was jullie idee? Wat fascineert jullie hieraan? Chen: Wat we wilden onderzoeken, was omdat de salmonella schadelijker wordt in de ruimte, virulenter. Als dat kan gebeuren, waarom zouden we 'goede' bacteriën dan niet beter kunnen maken en virulenter, maar op een manier die nuttig is voor mensen? Deze twee bacteriën, beide met een gezamenlijk gen dat het HFQ-gen heet, dat... Nye: Onze goede vriend het HFQ. Ja. Chen: Het is inderdaad een goede vriend. Nye: Kun je dat apparaat daar van die plank pakken? Chen: Natuurlijk. Ma: Ja. Nye: Op de een of andere manier zitten de bacteriën verpakt in deze prachtige, ruimtebestendige buisjes, toch? Chen: Inderdaad. We hebben ze bovenin geplaatst en vervolgens zal Sunita Williams, de astronaute, eraan zwengelen, en zodra ze in de ruimte zijn, Japanese: 以前の実験では、サルモネラ菌を 宇宙に持っていってから 地球に戻すと 病原菌としての力が増す つまり毒性が以前よりも 強くなることがわかった サラ、ドロシー どうしてこれに興味を持った？ 君たちの考えと、この実験の面白さを教えて ドロシー: この実験の目的は サルモネラが宇宙空間で 毒性が増すのなら 「良い」バクテリアは もっと良くならないかとか 人に役立つように 毒性が強くならないかということ これら2つのバクテリアはどちらも HFQ遺伝子を持っていて ナイ: HFQ遺伝子は良い遺伝子だ そう ドロシー: そうね ナイ: ちょっと棚から あの装置を取ってくれないか ドロシー: ええ サラ: いいわ ナイ: これは宇宙実験用のチューブで 中にバクテリアを入れるんだね？ ドロシー: はい 上に入れます そして宇宙飛行士のスニタが 宇宙空間でここを回して Czech: Astronauti zjistili, že bakterie, které byly na oběžné dráze a byly dopraveny zpět na Zem, byly více nakažlivé, jak říkají vědci „virulentnější“, než když planetu opustily. Saro, Dorothy, jak jste na tohle přišly? Co vás k tomu přimělo? Co vás na tom zaujalo? Chen: Zjistily jsme, že salmonela se ve vesmíru stává škodlivější, virulentnější, a napadlo nás, že když je to tak, tak by mohlo být možné zdokonalit i „správné“ bakterie. Aby byly virulentnější, ale způsobem, který by byl lidem užitečný. Tyto kmeny bakterií mají společný gen, takzvaný gen HFQ, který – Nye: Náš starý známý gen HFQ. Ano. Chen: Ano, je to dobrý přítel. Nye: Můžete mi podat tu věc z police? Chen: Jasně. Ma: Jistě. Nye: Takže tohle – – zkrátka jste bakterie umístily do těchto vesmírných zkumavek. Chen: Ano. Jsou v horní části, a až se dostanou do vesmíru, tak je astronautka Sunita Williamsová Italian: Quindi gli astronauti hanno scoperto che questi batteri che sono stati in orbita e sono tornati sulla Terra erano in qualche modo più pericolosi, più virulenti, come dicono gli scienziati, di quanto non fossero prima di partire. Dunque, Sara, Dorothy, come vi è venuta questa idea? Qual era l'idea? Che cosa vi attira di questo argomento? Chen: Beh, quello che volevamo scoprire era perché la salmonella diventa cattiva, molto più cattiva nello spazio, più virulenta; abbiamo pensato che se ciò poteva accadere, perché non rendere più "buoni" i batteri buoni e più virulenti ma in un modo che potesse essere benefico per l'uomo? Quindi questi due batteri entrambi con un gene comune chiamato gene HFQ, che... Nye: Il nostro buon amico HFQ. Sì. Chen: È un buon amico, già. Nye: Ehi, potete prendere quell'arnese là sullo scaffale? Chen: Certamente. Ma: Sì. Nye: Quindi avete in qualche modo rinchiuso i batteri in queste favolose provette fatte per lo spazio, giusto? Chen: Giusto. Li abbiamo messi in alto e poi Sunita Williams, l'astronauta, li ha iniettati, e poi una volta nello spazio, German: Astronauten haben herausgefunden, dass solche Bakterien, die im All waren, nach der Rückkehr zur Erde noch gefährlicher waren als vor ihrem Abflug. Wissenschaftler sprechen von höherer Virulenz. Also, Sara, Dorothy, wie seid ihr darauf gekommen? Was ist die Idee dahinter? Was fesselt euch daran? Nun, die Salmonellen wurden im Weltraum immer bösartiger, immer virulenter. Daher wollten wir herausfinden, ob es möglich wäre, "gute" Bakterien immer besser und virulenter zu machen, sodass sie für die Menschheit von Nutzen sind. Diese beiden Bakterien haben ein gemeinsames Gen: das HFQ-Gen. Das HFQ-Gen ist unser Freund. Ja. Es ist in der Tat ein guter Freund. Könntet ihr das Ding mal kurz holen? Klar. Natürlich. Das also ist es. Irgendwie habt ihr die Bakterien in diese weltraumtauglichen Reagenzgläser bekommen. Stimmt. Erst sitzen sie oben, und Astronautin Sunita Williams entlässt sie im Weltall Russian: Итак, астронавты установили, что микробы, которые побывали на орбите и вернулись на Землю, оказались более вредоносными или, на языке ученых, более вирулентными, чем до отправки в космос. Итак, Сара, Дороти, как же вам пришла такая идея? В чем суть эксперимента? Почему он вас заинтересовал? ЧЕН. Мы предположили: если сальмонелла становилась более вирулентной в космосе, то, возможно, "хорошие" бактерии могут стать ещё лучше и принести больше пользы людям. Поэтому эти две бактерии, имеющие общий ген под названием HFQ, который… НАЙ. Наш добрый друг HFQ. Да. ЧЕН. Да, добрый старый друг. НАЙ. Сними, пожалуйста, эту штуковину с полки. ЧЕН. Секунду… МА. Да. НАЙ. Итак, вам как-то удалось поместить бактерии в эти колбы, которые можно отправить в космос, да? ЧЕН. Да. Мы поместили их в верхнюю камеру. Затем астронавт Сунита Уильямс откроет верхнюю камеру на орбите, Spanish: Así que los astronautas descubrieron que estas bacterias que habían estado en órbita y volvieron a la tierra eran de alguna manera más peligrosas, lo que los científicos llaman más virulentas que antes de salir de la tierra. Entonces, Sara, Dorothy, ¿cómo se les ocurrió esto? ¿Cuál era la idea? ¿Qué les atrae sobre esto? Chen: Bueno, lo que queríamos descubrir era que, si la salmonella se vuelve dañina, cada vez más dañina en el espacio, más virulenta, pensamos que si eso podía pasar, ¿por qué no hacer que las bacterias "buenas" sean más buenas y más virulentas pero de una manera que fuese beneficiosa para los seres humanos? Así que estas dos bacterias, ambas de un gen común llamado el gen HFQ, que... Nye: Nuestro buen amigo el HFQ. Sí. Chen: Es un buen amigo, sí. Nye: ¿Bueno, pueden traer el aparato de aquel estante? Chen: Por supuesto. Ma: Sí. Nye: Así que de alguna manera, tienen las bacterias encerradas en estos fabulosos tubos seguros, ¿es así? Chen: Correcto. Las pusimos en la parte superior y luego Sunita Williams, la astronauta los mueve, y luego, una vez que están en el espacio, Polish: Astronauci wykazali, że bakterie po powrocie z orbity na Ziemię są bardziej szkodliwe niż przed wylotem. Naukowcy nazywają to większą wirulencją. Sara, Dorothy, jak wpadłyście na ten pomysł? Skąd taka inspiracja? Co was zainteresowało? Chen: Skoro salmonella staje się znacznie groźniejsza po pobycie w kosmosie, bardziej wirulentna, pomyślałyśmy, że warto sprawdzić, czy tak samo reagują pożyteczne bakterie. Czy będą bardziej wirulentne w sposób korzystny dla ludzi? Te dwie bakterie mają wspólny gen zwany HFQ, który... Nye: Nasz dobry znajomy HFQ. Tak. Chen: Dobry znajomy, tak. Nye: Możesz podać gadżet z tamtej półki? Chen: Pewnie. Ma: Tak. Nye: Najpierw umieściłyście bakterie w tych świetnych kosmicznych probówkach? Chen: Dokładnie. Umieściłyśmy je u góry, a astronautka Sunita Williams, już na orbicie, obróciła to Spanish: Los astronautas creen que esta bacteria, que estuvo en órbita y volvió a la Tierra, aumentó su capacidad de causar una infección, en términos científicos, se volvió más virulenta que antes de viajar al espacio. Bueno, Sara y Dorothy, ¿cómo se os ocurrió esto? ¿Cuál era la idea? ¿Qué os atrajo de ella? Chen: Bueno, lo que queríamos descubrir era que, puesto que la salmonella se vuelve cada vez más agresiva y virulenta en el espacio, pensamos que si eso era así también podría ocurrir que la bacteria "inocua" se volviera más inocua y virulenta, pero de forma que resultara beneficiosa para el ser humano. Por tanto, estas dos bacterias que tienen un gen común, denominado HFQ, que... Nye: Nuestro buen amigo, el HFQ. Sí. Chen: Es un buen amigo, sí. Nye: ¿Podéis traer aquí ese aparato que está en el estante? Chen: Por supuesto. Ma: Claro. Nye: Bueno, esto es... Más o menos habéis metido la bacteria en estos fantásticos tubos aptos para el espacio, ¿verdad? Chen: Exacto. La hemos puesto en la parte superior para que después Sunita Williams, la astronauta, gire la manivela y, una vez que esté en el espacio, Chinese: 就會將細菌降低到底部的隔間 其中有多種不同培養基 供細菌生長 你不希望在離開之前就混合細菌和培養基 這麼做有可能會搞砸實驗 沒錯 細菌會在太空中從頭生長 所以這就是枯草桿菌 如果有誤的話請指正我... 實際看起來沒那麼大，是吧？ - 是 - 沒那麼大 我想或許... 細菌會從中自行分裂成兩半 它們會分成兩半 就像是在燒烤熱狗... 這些細菌卻像這樣，是嗎？ - 對 - 它們會像這樣分裂 這讓我想起一堆奇多起司條 不過我們人在英國 我跟你們說 英國人不把這種零食稱為奇多 而是叫做厚奇 你可能會想問，什麼好奇？ 我會說別好奇啦，是厚奇 [女孩咯咯笑聲] - 你想嘗一口嗎 - 還好 [女孩咯咯笑聲] 就我所知 我從來、從來沒有 嘗過枯草桿菌 不過這些... 可能比較可口 所以你的構想是 這些細菌會以超快速度繁殖？ -它們是細菌，所以... - 對 抵達太空之後 Dutch: komen de bacteriën daardoor in de onderste ruimte waar we verschillende mediums hebben waarin ze kunnen groeien. Nye: Je wilt niet dat ze mengen voordat ze in de ruimte zijn. Dat zou het experiment verpesten. Ma: Ja, het gaat echt om groei in de ruimte. Nye: Dit is hoe Bacillus subtilis eruit ziet. Zeg het maar als ik ernaast zit... maar de echte zijn niet zo groot, toch? Chen: Klopt. Ma: Nee. Nye: Ik dacht dat ze, omdat bacteriën zich in tweeën delen, dat ze hier splitsen, net zoals wanneer je een hotdog braadt, maar deze doen dat zo, toch? Chen: Ja. Nye: Ze splitsen zo. Ze doen me erg aan Cheetos denken. En we zijn in Engeland. Hier noemen ze ze geen Cheetos. Hier noemen ze ze Wotsits. Dus dan zeg je: Wotsit? En dan zeg ik ja. [meisjes giechelen] Wil jij er een? Chen: Ik hou er niet van. [giechelt] Nye: Ik heb bij mijn weten nooit Bacillus subtilis gegeten, maar deze zijn waarschijnlijk lekkerder. Het idee is dat deze dingen zich heel snel vermenigvuldigen, toch? Het zijn bacteriën, dus... Ma: Ja. Nye: Zodra ze in de ruimte zijn, Spanish: eso hace que las bacterias bajen a la cámara inferior donde tenemos diferentes medios para que se desarrollen. Nye: Así que no quieren mezclarlas antes de partir. Eso de alguna manera arruinaría el experimento. Ma: Así es, se cultivarán puramente en el espacio. Nye: Entonces así es como se ve la Bacillus subtilis. Corríjanme si estoy equivocado... las reales no son tan grandes, ¿verdad? Chen: Correcto. Ma: No. Nye: Entonces, pensaría tal vez que si... ustedes saben, las bacterias se dividen a la mitad... se partirían aquí como cuando asamos una salchicha... pero estas funcionan así, ¿correcto? Chen: Sí. Me hacen acordar mucho a los Cheetos. Y estamos en Gran Bretaña. Tengo que contarles, no los llaman Cheetos. Los llaman Wotsits. Entonces, ustedes dirían, ¿Wotsit? Y yo diría sí. [las chicas se ríen] ¿Quieren uno? Chen: No me gustan mucho. [risas] Nye: Nunca, jamás, que yo sepa, he probado Bacillus subtilis, pero estas... estas probablemente tengan un buen sabor. Bien, la idea es que estas cosas se multiplican realmente rápido, ¿no es así? Son bacterias, así que... Ma: Sí. Nye: Una vez que estén en el espacio, Arabic: تنخفض البكتريا إلى الغرفة السفلية حيث توجد وسائط مختلفة لكي تنمو فيها. ناي: إذن أنتما لا تريدانها أن تختلط قبل المغادرة. ذلك ربما يؤدي نوعًا ما إلى إفساد التجربة. ما: نعم، فذلك سيجعلها تصعد للفضاء بعد أن تكون قد نمت. ناي: إذن هكذا تبدو العصوية الرقيقة. أخبروني إذا كنت مخطئًا-- البكتريا الحقيقية لا تكون كبيرة الحجم هكذا، أليس كذلك؟ شين: هذا صحيح. ما: لا. ناي: أعتقد أنه ربما إذا-- قسمت البكتريا نفسها نصفين-- فهي ستنقسم هنا كما لو أنك تشوين نقانق-- لكنها تبقى هكذا، أليس كذلك؟ شين: نعم. ناي: إنها تنقسم بهذه الطريقة. وهي تذكرني كثيرًا بشيتوس. وبما أننا الآن في بريطانيا. أود أن أخبركم أنهم هنا لا يسمونه شيتوس. إنهم يسمونه واتستس. وبالتالي تقولين، واتستس؟ وأنا أرد بنعم. [الفتيات تقهقهن] هل تريدين واحدة؟ شين: لا أحبه. [تقهقهن] ناي: أنا لم أجرِّب من قبل هذه البكتريا العصوية، لكن-- على الأرجح طعمها أفضل. إذن الفكرة هي أن هذه البكتريا تتضاعف بسرعة كبيرة، أليس كذلك؟ إنها بكتريا، لذلك... ما: نعم. ناي: بعد أن تصعد إلى الفضاء، French: les bactéries seront libérées dans la partie inférieure, où elles pourront se reproduire sur différents supports. Vous ne voulez pas qu'elles se mélangent avant le départ. L'expérience ne serait plus valide. Oui, il faut que leur reproduction se fasse complètement dans l'espace. Voici donc à quoi ressemble le Bacillus subtilis. Dites-moi si je me trompe, mais les bactéries ne sont pas si grosses en vrai, si ? – Effectivement. – Non, non. Pour tout vous dire, j'aurais pensé que la division de ces bactéries serait horizontale, alors qu'en réalité, elle est verticale, c'est bien ça ? – Oui. – C'est dans ce sens-là. Elles ressemblent à des Cheetos, non ? Nous sommes au Royaume-Uni. Ici, on n'appelle pas ça des Cheetos, mais des "Wotsits". Voyez-vous ? [rires] – Vous en voulez-un ? – Non, merci. [rires] Je n'ai jamais eu l'occasion de goûter un Bacillus subtilis, mais je suis sûr que ceux-là sont meilleurs. Donc ces petites choses se reproduisent très vite. Ce sont des bactéries… – Oui. Une fois dans l'espace, iw: וזה מוריד את החיידקים לתא התחתון שבו יש חומרים מתווכים שונים שיאפשרו להם לגדול בתוכו. ניי: אז אתן לא רוצות שהם יתערבבו לפני הנסיעה. זה יכול להרוס את הניסוי. מא: כן, הגידול יתבצע כולו בחלל. ניי: כך נראה בצילוס סובטיליס. תקנו אותי אם אני טועה, אבל החיידקים האמיתיים לא כל כך גדולים, נכון? צ'ן: נכון. מא: לא. ניי: הייתי מצפה שאולי אם הם - שכשהחיידקים מתחלקים בחצי - הם יתחלקו לאורך, כמו שצולים נקניקייה, אבל הם מתחלקים כך, נכון? צ'ן: כן. ניי:הם מתחלקים בכיוון הזה. הם מזכירים לי מאוד את החטיף 'צ'יטוס'. אנחנו בבריטניה, אז לא קוראים להם 'ציטוס', קוראים להן Wotsit. אז אם הייתן אומרות "Wotsit (נשמע כמו 'רוצה')"? הייתי אומר "כן". [הנערות מצחקקות] רוצות אחד? צ'ן: לא חובבת שלהם. [צחקוקים] מעולם, למיטב ידיעתי, לא ניסיתי בצילוס סובטיליס, אבל אלה בטח טעימים יותר. אז הרעיון הוא שהם מתרבים ממש מהר, נכון? הם חיידקים, כך ש... מא: כן. ניי: ברגע שהם בחלל, Korean: 박테리아를 맨 아래 공간으로 내리게 되요. 그 공간에 박테리아를 성장시킬 다른 매개체를 넣었어요. 그러니까 떠나기 전에 서로 혼합되지 않도록 했군요. 그렇게 되면 실험을 망치게 될테니까요. 네. 박테리아는 순전히 우주에서 자라게 될거에요. 자, 고초균은 이렇게 생겼습니다. 제가 틀리면 고쳐주세요. 실제 균은 이렇게 크지 않죠? 맞아요. 크지 않아요. 그러니까 제 생각에 아시다시피 박테리아는 스스로 반으로 갈라져요. 여기가 갈라져요. 핫도그를 만들 때처럼 말이죠. 하지만 이렇게 되죠, 맞나요? Dorothy: 네. Nye: 이런 식으로 분리되요. 치토스가 생각나는군요. 게다가 우린 영국에 있어요. 영국에서는 치토스라고 부르지 않아요. 워츠이츠(Wotsits)라고 하죠. 그러니까 '워츠잇'이라고 말하면 저는 '네'라고 말할 거에요. [웃음] 하나 드시겠어요? Dorothy: 아니요, 별로 안 좋아해요. [웃음] 저는 절대로 그러니까 제가 알기로 고초균을 맛본 적이 없어요. 하지만 이것들은 맛이 더 괜찮을 것 같아요. 이 균은 대단히 빨리 증가합니다. 맞죠? 박테리아니까요. 그러니까... Sara: 네. 우주에 도착하면, Spanish: esto llevará la bacteria a la cámara inferior, donde hemos incluido diferentes medios para su cultivo. Nye: No queréis que todo se mezcle antes de iros, ya que eso estropearía el experimento de algún modo. Ma: Sí, se va a cultivar íntegramente en el espacio. Nye: Este es el aspecto de la Bacillus subtilis. Corregidme si me equivoco... Las bacterias reales no son tan grandes, ¿verdad? Chen: Correcto. Ma: No. Nye: Pensaba que quizás, si la bacteria se partiese por la mitad, se dividiría igual que cuando pones un perrito caliente en una barbacoa, pero lo hace de otra forma, ¿verdad? Chen: Sí. Nye: Se divide de esta forma. Me recuerda mucho a los Cheetos o ganchitos. Y, además, estamos en Gran Bretaña. Tengo que deciros que aquí no se llaman Cheetos, sino Wotsits. Así que, tendrías que decir "¿Quieres un Wotsit?" Y yo te contestaría "Sí". [las chicas ríen] ¿Queréis uno? Chen: No, no me apasionan. [risas] Nye: Nunca, nunca que yo sepa, he probado la Bacillus subtilis, pero probablemente los ganchitos estén más buenos. Bien, la idea es que esta bacteria se multiplica a gran velocidad, ¿verdad? Es una bacteria, por lo que... Ma: Sí. Nye: Una vez que llega al espacio, Portuguese: as bactérias serão levadas à câmara inferior, onde existem meios diferentes para elas crescerem. Nye: Elas não devem se misturar antes de chegar lá. Isso estragaria o experimento. Ma: Sim, elas serão cultivadas no espaço. Nye: Então essa é a aparência do bacilo subtilis. Corrijam-me se eu estiver errado, mas na realidade eles não são tão grandes, certo? Chen: Certo. Ma: Não. Nye: Então é de se pensar que, se as bactérias se dividem em dois, a divisão ocorrerá aqui como um cachorro quente. Mas a divisão ocorre aqui, certo? Chen: Certo. Nye: Elas se dividem dessa forma. Elas me lembram do Cheetos. E estamos na Inglaterra. Aqui não são chamados Cheetos. São chamados Wotsits. Vocês diriam: Wotsit? E eu diria que sim. [garotas rindo] Quer um? Chen: Não gosto. [risos] Nye: Eu nunca, que eu saiba, provei o Bacillus subtilis. Mas esses aqui devem ter um gosto melhor. A ideia é que as bactérias reproduzirão rapidamente? São bactérias, então... Ma: Sim. Nye: E quando estiverem no espaço, Italian: ha fatto scendere i batteri nella camera inferiore dove abbiamo liquidi differenti in cui possono crescere. Nye: Quindi non volete che si mischino prima della partenza. Altrimenti l'esperimento ne risentirebbe. Ma: Già, devono crescere solo nello spazio. Nye: Ecco come si presenta il Bacillus subtilis. Correggetemi se sbaglio... quelli veri non sono così grossi, giusto? Chen: Giusto. Ma: No. Nye: Quindi mi verrebbe da pensare che forse se... sapete, i batteri si dividono a metà... quaggiù si dividerebbero come quando si mette un hot dog sulla griglia... ma questi fanno così, giusto? Chen: Già. Nye: Si dividono così. Mi ricordano molto i Cheetos. E siamo in Gran Bretagna. Devo dirvelo, non chiamateli Cheetos. Qui li chiamano Wotsits. Quindi se mi chiedete Wotsit? Risponderei sì. [le ragazze ridacchiano] Ne volete uno? Chen: Non ne vado matta. [ridacchiano] Nye: Non ho mai, uh, che io sappia, non ho mai provato il Bacillus subtilis, ma questi... probabilmente sono più gustosi. Quindi il fatto è che questi cosi si moltiplicano molto velocemente, giusto? Sono batteri, e dunque... Ma: Sì. Nye: Una volta nello spazio, Russian: и бактерии попадут в нижнюю камеру, в которой находится уже другая среда для их роста. НАЙ. То есть открыть камеру можно только на орбите, иначе эксперимент теряет смысл? МА. Да, они должны размножаться только в космосе. НАЙ. А вот так выглядит эта Bacillus subtilis. Поправьте, если я ошибаюсь: настоящие бактерии немного меньше размером, да? ЧЕН. Да. МА. Конечно. НАЙ. Я вот что подумал… Бактерии делятся пополам. Они расщепляются вот так… как сосиски на шампуре, но эти разделяются по-другому, да? ЧЕН. Да. НАЙ. Эти делятся так. Так вот, они мне напоминают "Читос". А мы сейчас в Британии. И здесь их не называют "Читос". Их называют "Уотситс". И когда вы спросите: "Уотсит?" ("Что это?") Я отвечу: "Да". [смеются] Угощайтесь! ЧЕН. Нет, спасибо. [смеются] НАЙ. Я никогда (насколько мне известно) не пробовал Bacillus subtilis. Но вот это, по-моему, на вкус будет получше. Итак, эти организмы размножаются очень быстро, да? Это бактерии, так что… МА. Да. НАЙ. Попав на орбиту, Japanese: バクテリアを下の小部屋に移す ここには増殖のための媒体が入ってます ナイ: 出発前には混ぜないんだね そうすると実験が曖昧になってしまう サラ: はい 純粋に宇宙での成長を調べたいので ナイ: これはバチルス菌だね 間違ってたら訂正してくれ 実際はこんなに大きくないよね ドロシー: ええ サラ: 違います ナイ: バクテリアが半分に 分裂するときにはホットドッグのパンみたいに こうやって半分に切るんだよね？ あってる？ ドロシー: はい ナイ: こうやって切る まるでチートスみたい ここはイギリスだから チートスと言ってもピンと来ない？ ウォツィッツかな ウォツィッツであってる？ そうですね [笑] ひとつどう？ ドロシー: いいえ [笑] ナイ: 僕は今まで一度も バクテリアは食べたことがないけど これらの方が多分おいしいよ つまりバクテリアは非常に速く増殖する バクテリアだから サラ: はい ナイ: 宇宙に行けば German: dann in die untere Kammer. Dort befinden sich diverse Nährböden, in denen sie wachsen können. Sie sollen sich also erst dort oben treffen. Andernfalls wäre das Experiment vermasselt. Ja, das Wachstum soll nur im Weltraum stattfinden. So sieht der Bacillus subtilis also aus. Korrigiert mich, falls ich Blödsinn rede, aber die sind nicht wirklich so groß, oder? Stimmt. Nein. Und die Bakterien teilen sich der Länge nach, so wie man eine Wurst für einen Hotdog durchschneidet, aber hier geht das so, oder? Ja. Sie teilen sich genau so. Sie erinnern mich sehr an Erdnussflips. Hier in Großbritannien heißen die übrigens nicht Flips, sondern "Wotsits". Dann würdet ihr fragen: "What's it?" Und ich würde antworten: "Ja, genau." Möchtet ihr? Eigentlich nicht. Nun, ich habe, glaube ich, noch nie Bacillus subtilis probiert, aber das hier schmeckt wahrscheinlich besser. Die Dinger vermehren sich also wirklich schnell. Es sind schließlich Bakterien. Richtig. Im All beginnen sie, sich zu teilen. Polish: i wpuściła bakterie do dolnej komory, gdzie są różne substancje wspomagające ich rozwój. Nye: Nie mogą mieszać się przed odlotem. To zakłóciłoby eksperyment. Ma: Tak, wzrost musi być tylko w kosmosie. Nye: Więc tak wygląda laseczka sienna. Popraw mnie, jeśli się mylę, ale w rzeczywistości nie są tak duże? Chen: To prawda. Ma: Nie są. Nye: Skoro bakterie dzielą się na pół, to co by było, gdyby robiły to tak, jak kroimy hot doga? Ale te dzielą się w poprzek, prawda? Chen: Tak. Nye: Dzielą się w tę stronę. Są bardzo podobne do Cheetosów. Jesteśmy w Wielkiej Brytanii. Nie nazywają ich tu Cheetosami. Nazywają je Wotsitsami. Więc gdy spytasz „Wotsit?”, odpowiem „tak”. Poczęstujecie się? Chen: Nie przepadam. Nye: Z tego co wiem, nigdy nie próbowałem laseczki siennej, ale te pewnie smakują lepiej. Te organizmy szybko się rozmnażają, prawda? To bakterie, więc... Ma: Tak. Nye: Po dotarciu na orbitę Czech: vypustí do spodní části nádoby, kde se budou množit v různých prostředích. Nye: Takže je nechcete vypustit před startem. To by vám experiment pokazilo. Ma: Ano, musejí se množit jen ve vesmíru. Nye: Takhle tedy Bacillus subtilis vypadá. Opravte mě, jestli se mýlím, ale ve skutečnosti nejsou takhle veliké, ne? Chen: To ne. Ma: Ne. Nye: Čekal bych, že se budou – – když se bakterie dělí na poloviny – – že se rozdělí podélně, jako když chcete rozkrojit rohlík, ale ony se dělí opačně, že? Chen: Ano. Nye: Dělí se takto. Strašně mi připomínají sýrové křupky Cheetos. Ale tady jsme v Británii. Britové jim neříkají Cheetos. Tady jim říkají Wotsits. Jeden kus je Wotsit, je to taková slovní hříčka. [dívky se smějí] Dáte si? Chen: Nechutnají mi. [smích] Nye: Pokud mě paměť neklame, tak Bacillus subtilis jsem ještě neochutnal, ale tohle – – tohle bude asi lepší. Jde o to, že se tyhle věci rychle množí, že? Jsou to bakterie, takže... Ma: Ano. Nye: Až budou ve vesmíru, English: that lowers the bacteria into the bottom chamber where we have different mediums for them to grow in. Nye: So you don't want them mixing before you leave. That would sort of mess up the experiment. Ma: Yeah, it's gonna be purely growth in space. Nye: So this is what Bacillus subtilis looks like. Correct me if I'm wrong-- the real ones aren't quite this big, right? Chen: Right. Ma: No. Nye: So I would think maybe that if they-- you know, bacteria just divide themselves in half-- they'd split down here like when you barbecue a hot dog-- but these go like this, right? Chen: Yeah. Nye: They split this way. They remind me very much of Cheetos. And we're in Britain. I gotta tell you, they don't call them Cheetos. They call them Wotsits. So then you would say, Wotsit? And I would say yes. [girls giggling] Would you like one? Chen: Not a fan. [giggling] Nye: I've never, uh, I've never, that I know of, tried Bacillus subtilis, but these-- these probably taste better. So the idea is these things multiply really fast, right? They're bacteria, so... Ma: Yes. Nye: Once they're in space, Korean: 세포 분할하고... 또 분할할거에요. 먼저 2개에서 4개로 그런 다음 8, 16, 32, 64! 정말 많아지겠군요. 어쨌든 여러분 생각에 균이... 더 많이 재생산되고, 더욱 더 건강하고, 더 강해지고 더 신나는 고초균이 되는 거죠. 맞아요. 그래서 균이 이렇게 매우 빠르게 증가하겠군요. 아주 아주 많이요. 그런데 이들을 방해할 수 있는 뭔가가 있죠? 그래서 테스트 튜브 세트를 생각해 냈고요. 네. 박테리아가 일반적으로 성장한 모습이 저 통제군 튜브처럼 보일 것이라 생각했어요. Nye: 이거죠? Sara: 네. 지구에서의 모습이군요. 네. 그리고 무조작 튜브는 통제군 튜브랑 동일하지만 우주에 있다는 점만 달라요. Nye: 여기 이거죠. Sara: 네, 맞아요. 그러니까 여기서 나타내는 것은.. 여기에는 몇 개의 박테리아만 있고, 여기엔 아주 많은 박테리아가... Sara: 네. Nye: 그런 다음 여러분은... 이 튜브에는, 어떤 물질을 혼합했죠. 맞나요? 네. 저희는 인산 이온 같은 것이 Spanish: comenzarán a dividirse y dividirse... Primero tenemos 2, luego tenemos 4, ¡luego 8, 16, 32, 64! ¡Bueno! Tenemos muchas de ellas. Entonces de alguna manera ustedes creen que se volverán... se reproducirán mejor, se volverán más ágiles, más fuertes. Bacillus subtilis más aceleradas. Chen: Sí... Nye: Entonces se multiplicarían así, muy rápido, muchas, muchas, muchas de ellas. Pero la idea era que algo puede frenarlas, ¿correcto? Así que pensaron en un conjunto de... tubos de prueba, si lo harán. Ma: Sí. Sí, así que para el control, pensábamos que ese sería el desarrollo normal para Bacillus. Nye: ¿Aquí? Ma: Sí. Nye: Así es como se vería en la tierra. Ma: Sí. Y luego sin cambios, que sería el mismo tubo de ensayo que el control, solo que estaría en el espacio. Nye: Este aquí. Ma: Sí. Nye: Entonces esto representa... esto sería solo algunas bacterias aquí, muchas, muchas bacterias... Ma: Sí. Nye: Y luego ustedes... mezclan con ellas algún tipo de material, ¿correcto? Ma: Sí. Pensamos que como se creía que un ión English: they're...they're dividing and dividing. First you get 2, then you get 4, then 8, 16, 32, 64! Hut, hut! You get a lot of them. So somehow you're thinking that they will get... they'll reproduce better, they'll get more fit, be stronger, more excited sub-- Bacillus subtilis. Chen: Yeah. Nye: So they'd multiply like this, very fast, many, many, many of them. But the idea was something can hold them back, right? So you came up with a set of... test tubes, if you will. Ma: Yeah. Yeah, so for the control, we were thinking like that would be the normal growth for Bacillus. Nye: Over here? Ma: Yeah. Nye: This is what it'd look like on earth. Ma: Yes. And then unaltered, which would be the same test tube as the control, only it'd be in space. Nye: This one here. Ma: Yeah. Nye: So this represent-- this would be just a few little bacteria here, many, many bacteria... Ma: Yes. Nye: And then so you... these things, you mixed some stuff in with 'em, right? Ma: Yeah. We thought since like a phosphate ion Polish: cały czas się dzielą i dzielą. Najpierw powstają 2, potem 4, później 8, 16, 32 i 64. Hop-siup! Robi się ich sporo. Uważacie zatem, że będą lepiej się rozmnażać i staną się zdrowszymi, silniejszymi, bardziej aktywnymi laseczkami siennymi. Chen: Zgadza się. Nye: Będą się bardzo szybko rozmnażać i powstanie ich całe mnóstwo. Najpierw trzeba było je jakoś powstrzymać, tak? Użyłyście więc zestawu probówek laboratoryjnych. Ma: Tak. Jako próbkę kontrolną przyjęłyśmy taki normalny rozwój laseczki siennej. Nye: Tutaj? Ma: Tak. Nye: Tak to wygląda na Ziemi. Ma: Tak. Mamy też niezmienioną probówkę, taką samą jak kontrolna, tyle że w kosmosie. Nye: To ta. Ma: Tak. Nye: Widać, że tu będzie niewiele bakterii, tu bardzo dużo... Ma: Tak. Nye: Są też te probówki, do których coś dodałyście, prawda? Ma: Tak. Pomyślałyśmy, że skoro French: elles se multiplient encore et encore. D'abord, on en obtient 2, puis 4, puis 8, 16, 32, 64 ! Ça en fait des bactéries ! Vous pensez donc qu'elles vont mieux se reproduire, devenir plus fortes, plus résistantes, plus motivées… ces Bacillus subtilis ? Oui. Elles vont se multiplier très rapidement, on va en obtenir énormément. Mais quelque chose peut les en empêcher, c'est ça ? Vous avez donc choisi des tubes à essai. Oui. Le tube "Témoin" contient les bactéries avec un taux de reproduction normal. – Celui-ci ? – Oui. C'est le résultat qu'on obtiendrait sur Terre. Oui. Le tube à essai "Identique" est le même que le tube témoin, sauf qu'il sera envoyé dans l'espace. – Celui-ci ? – Oui. Là, nous avons peu de bactéries, et ici, elles sont très nombreuses… – Oui. – Et donc, vous mélangez ces bactéries à quelque chose, c'est ça ? Oui. Étant donné que Czech: budou se jen dělit a dělit. Nejdřív budou dvě, pak čtyři, potom 8, 16, 32, 64. Šup šup! A je jich spousta. A vy si myslíte, že budou... ...že se budou rozmnožovat lépe, že zkrátka získáte lepší, odolnější a úžasnější Bacillus subtilis. Chen: Jo. Nye: Takhle se budou množit, velmi rychle, a bude jich obrovské množství. Ale musíte je do něčeho dát, že? Takže jste vymyslely tuhle soupravu... ...řekněme testovacích zkumavek. Ma: Ano. Pro kontrolu zde máme běžný růst Bacillu. Nye: Tady vlevo? Ma: Ano. Nye: Takže takhle by to vypadalo na Zemi. Ma: Ano. Pak je tu neupravený vzorek, který je stejný jako kontrolní, ale bude ve vesmíru. Nye: Tento. Ma: Ano. Nye: Takže tohle – – tady bude několik málo bakterií, tady jich bude hodně... Ma: Ano. Nye: A zde jste do zkumavek něco přimíchaly, ne? Ma: Ano. Myslely jsme, že když ionty fosfátu Russian: они начнут делиться и расщепляться. Сначала их будет 2, потом – 4, затем – 8, 16, 32, 64! Раз-два, и их уже миллионы! И вы предполагаете, что они станут… они будут размножаться активнее, станут более выносливыми, устойчивыми, их выживаемость повысится… Bacillus subtilis. ЧЕН. Да. НАЙ. Они начнут размножаться вот так, очень быстро, их число начнет расти. Но вы полагаете, что их может что-то сдерживать, да? Поэтому мы переходим к пробиркам, если можно так выразиться. МА. Да. Вот у нас контрольный образец. Так эти бактерии должны размножаться в нормальных условиях. НАЙ. Здесь, да? МА. Да. НАЙ. Вот так это выглядит на Земле. МА. Да. И также у нас есть исходная проба: такая же, как и контрольная, но только в космосе. НАЙ. Вот она. МА. Да. НАЙ. Значит, здесь у нас мало бактерий, а здесь – очень, очень много… МА. Именно так. НАЙ. А здесь… в эти пробирки что-то добавлено, да? МА. Да. Поскольку предположительно фосфат-ион German: Und zu teilen. Und weiter zu teilen. Erst hat man 2, dann 4, dann 8, 16, 32, 64... Das werden dann ganz viele. Und ihr meint, sie würden sich dann besser reproduzieren, fitter und stärker werden. Ein motivierter Bacillus subtilis. Genau! Sie vermehren sich also extrem schnell, bis es ganz, ganz viele sind. Ihr glaubt aber, man könne das stoppen. Und dann habt ihr ein paar Reagenzgläschen genommen. Ja. Zur Kontrolle wollten wir das normale Wachstum des Bacillus überprüfen. Hier? Ja. Das hier ist auf der Erde. Ja. Und dann das gleiche Reagenzglas wie hier, aber im Weltraum. Das ist das hier. Richtig. Das hier wären also nur ein paar Bakterien, hier dagegen ganz viele. Ja. Und dann habt ihr hier noch irgendetwas dazu gemischt, richtig? Stimmt. Man nimmt an, dass die erhöhte Virulenz Arabic: تبدأ في الانقسام ثم تواصل الانقسام. أولاً يكون هناك 2، ثم تصبح 4، ثم 8 ثم 16 ثم 32 ثم 64. وبالتالي، يكون هناك الكثير من البكتريا. وبالتالي أنتما تعتقدان أنها سوف... تتكاثر لإنتاج سلالة أفضل، وتصبح هذه العصوية الرقيقة أكثر قوة وأكثر حركة. شين: نعم. ناي: بالتالي ستتضاعف هكذا، بسرعة كبيرة، ليصبح عددها كثيرًا للغاية. لكن الفكرة هو ما إذا كان هناك شيء يستطيع كبحها، أليس كذلك؟ إذن لقد توصلتم إلى مجموعة من... أنابيب الاختبار، إذا صح التعبير. ما: نعم. نعم، بالنسبة إلى أنبوب التحكم، نحن نعتقد أن هذا هو النمو الطبيعي للعصوية. ناي: هناك؟ ما: نعم. ناي: هذا هو كيف تبدو على الأرض. ما: نعم. ثم يطرأ عليها تغيير، وهو سيكون أنبوب الاختبار التحكم نفسه، لكنه سيكون في الفضاء. ناي: هذا الأنبوب هنا. ما: نعم. ناي: إذن هذا يمثل-- القليل من البكتريا هنا، الكثير والكثير من البكتريا... ما: نعم. ناي: ثم بعد ذلك... خلطتما بعض الأشياء في هذه الأنابيب، أليس كذلك؟ ما: نعم، لقد اعتقدنا أنه طالما استطاع iw: הם מתחלקים שוב ושוב. קודם מקבלים 2, אז 4, ואז 8, 16, 32, 64! קדימה! מקבלים הרבה מהם. אז ההשערה שלכן היא שהם... שהם יתרבו באופן טוב יותר, שהם יהיו חסונים יותר, חזקים יותר בצילוס סובטיליס נלהבים יותר. צ'ן: כן. ניי: הם יתרבו מהר מאוד, הרבה מאוד מהם. אבל הרעיון היה שמשהו יכול לעכב אותם, נכון? אז תכננתן סדרה של... מבחנות, אם תרצו. מא: כן. כן, בשביל קבוצת הבקרה, תהינו מהו קצב הגידול הרגיל של בצילוס. ניי: כאן? מא: כן. ניי: ככה זה היה נראה בכדור הארץ. מא: כן, ואז יצרנו את המבחנה 'ללא שינוי', שזו אותה המבחנה כמו במבחן הבקרה, רק שהיא תהיה בחלל. ניי: זו שכאן. מא: כן. ניי, אז זה מייצג - זה יהיה, פה יש מעט חיידקים, ופה הרבה מאוד. מא: כן. ניי: ואז אתן... ניי: ערבבתן כמה חומרים במבחנות האלה, נכון? מא: שמכיוון שההנחה היא שיון הפוספט Chinese: 這些細菌就會開始一再分裂 先是 2 隻 再來是 4 隻 接著是 8、16、32、64 隻！ 呵呵！ 你會得到一大堆細菌 所以你認為這些細菌 會在繁殖的過程中... 變得越來越好 它們會更加適應環境 也變得更強壯 成為更有活力的枯草桿菌 沒錯 它們會像這樣繁殖，非常快 變成很多、很多、很多細菌 但是你的構想 還需要某項物品將它們帶回地球吧？ 所以你準備了一組... - 試管，以防萬一 - 沒錯 為了掌握狀況 我們認為 這樣做能讓桿菌以正常方式生長 - 就在這裡？ - 對 這是在地球上看起來的樣子 對，而且會保持不變 當做太空中的另一組相同試管 的對照組 -這一組會在這裡 - 沒錯 所以這表示... 這裡只會有一些桿菌 而許許多多的桿菌... - 沒錯 - 所以你... 你會將某些成分與細菌混合？ 我們認為 既然磷酸鹽離子 Spanish: se divide continuamente. Primero, en 2, luego, en 4, luego en 8, 16, 32, ¡64! ¡Y así sin parar! Es decir, un montón de bacterias. De algún modo, creéis que se... Se reproducirán mejor, se pondrán más en forma, se volverán más fuertes, más entusiasmadas sub... Bacillus subtilis. Chen: Sí. Nye: De esta forma, se multiplicarían a gran velocidad, creando muchísimas bacterias. Pero la idea es que hay algo que puede frenar su reproducción, ¿verdad? Por tanto, habéis desarrollado un conjunto de... tubos de ensayo, por así decirlo. Ma: Sí. Sí. Para el control, pensamos que ese sería el crecimiento normal de la Bacillus. Nye: ¿Aquí? Ma: Sí. Nye: Este sería su aspecto en la Tierra. Ma: Sí. Y, luego, la muestra inalterada, que sería el mismo tubo de ensayo que el del control, con la diferencia de que estaría en el espacio. Nye: Este de aquí. Ma: Sí. Nye: Por tanto, esto representa... Aquí habría únicamente algunas bacterias, y aquí muchas bacterias... Ma: Sí. Nye: Y luego... Mezclasteis las bacterias con otras sustancias, ¿verdad? Ma: Sí. Pensamos que un ión de fosfato, Japanese: 分裂を繰り返して 最初は2倍、次に4倍 そして、8、16、32、64！ 次々と増えていく だから君たちは考えた バクテリアは 再生能力を高め 適応力を高めて強くなり より強いバチルス菌になると ドロシー: そう ナイ: 菌はどんどん増えて その数を膨大にする しかし、それを元に戻すものが あるのではないか そこでいくつかの試験管を用意して 続きをどうぞ サラ: はい 対照実験としてこの試験管では バチルス菌を通常通り成長させています ナイ: ここだね？ サラ: はい ナイ: 地球上と同じ？ サラ: はい、そして 同じ試験管を対照実験として使用して 宇宙空間で成長させました ナイ: これかな サラ: はい ナイ: つまりこれが こっちが少しのバクテリアで こっちはたくさん サラ: はい ナイ: そして君たちは これらを混合した サラ: はい リン酸イオンは Italian: si dividono ancora e ancora. Quindi inizi da 2, poi ne ottieni 4, poi 8, 16, 32, 64! Alt, alt! Ce n'è un mucchio. Quindi pensate che in qualche modo i batteri... si riprodurranno meglio, saranno più in forma, risulteranno più forti, più vivaci... Bacillus subtilis. Chen: Già. Nye: Quindi si moltiplicherebbero in questo modo, molto velocemente, molti, molti di loro. Ma l'idea era trovare qualcosa che li bloccasse, giusto? Quindi avete pensato a un insieme di... provette, se volete. Ma: Già. Già, quindi per la provetta di controllo, pensavamo che quella sarebbe stata la crescita normale per il Bacillus. Nye: Quaggiù? Ma: Sì. Nye: Sulla Terra si presenterebbe così. Ma: Sì. E poi c'è la provetta inalterata, che sarebbe uguale alla provetta di controllo, solo che è nello spazio. Nye: Questa qua. Ma: Già. Nye: Quindi questo rappresenta... abbiamo pochi batteri qui, molti molti batteri... Ma: Sì. Nye: E poi voi... avete mischiato qualcosa al loro interno, giusto? Ma: Sì. Abbiamo pensato che dal momento che uno ione fosfato Portuguese: Elas se dividem rapidamente. Obtém-se duas, depois quatro, depois 8, 16, 32, 64... Obtém-se várias delas. E de alguma forma vocês acham que elas se reproduzirão melhor, ficarão mais em forma, mais fortes, ficarão mais animadas. Chen: Sim. Nye: Elas se multiplicarão dessa forma, rapidamente, muitas, muitas delas. Mas vocês acham que algo pode impedir isso? Então vocês criaram um conjunto... de tubos de ensaio. Ma: Sim. Para controle, pensamos que esse seria o crescimento normal do bacilo. Nye: Aqui? Ma: Isso. Nye: Esse seria o crescimento na Terra. Ma: Sim, inalterado, que seria o mesmo tubo de ensaio que o controle, mas no espaço. Nye: Este aqui. Ma: Sim. Nye: E isso representa poucas bactérias aqui, muitas mais aqui. Ma: Sim. Nye: Então... vocês misturaram algo a elas, certo? Ma: Pensamos que como o íon de fosfato Dutch: delen ze en delen ze maar. Eerst heb je er 2, dan heb je er 4, en dan 8, 16, 32, 64. Hoppa. Je hebt er een heleboel. Dus jullie denken dat ze... dat ze beter reproduceren, fitter zijn, sterker zijn, enthousiastere Bacillus subtilis worden. Chen: Ja. Nye: Dus ze vermenigvuldigen zich zo, heel snel, en het zijn er heel erg veel. Maar het idee was dat iets ze kan tegenhouden, toch? Dus jullie bedachten een reeks... reageerbuisjes, zou je kunnen zeggen. Ma: Ja. Voor de controlegroep dachten we aan de normale groei voor Bacillus. Nye: Die daar? Ma: Ja. Nye: Zo ziet het er op aarde uit. Ma: Ja. En dan verder onveranderd, dezelfde reageerbuis als de controlegroep, maar dan in de ruimte. Nye: Deze hier. Ma: Ja. Nye: Dus dit hier zijn een paar bacteriën, heel, heel veel bacteriën... Ma: Ja. Nye: En dan... jullie hebben hier wat doorheen gemengd, toch? Ma: Ja. We dachten dat omdat een fosfaat-ion Polish: jony fosforanów ograniczają wzrost i wirulencję salmonelli... Nye: W innym eksperymencie. Ma: Tak, w poprzednim. Pomyślałyśmy, że jeśli mają ten sam gen, to fosforany ograniczą też rozwój i wirulencję laseczki siennej. Nye: Dorothy, co się dzieje tutaj? Chen: Postanowiłyśmy użyć nawozu, którego główny składnik to jony fosforanów. Są w nim też zanieczyszczenia, czyli inne chemikalia dodawane do nawozów. Nye: Oprócz fosforanów to mogą być np. azotany. Chen: Tak. Uznałyśmy, że mogą jeszcze bardziej zakłócić wzrost bakterii. Nye: Już za kilka minut zobaczymy rezultaty. Świetnie. Wróćmy do Hangouta. Frank, jeśli hipoteza jest prawdziwa, czy wyniki tych eksperymentów pozwolą astronautom dłużej przebywać w kosmosie i docierać jeszcze dalej niż dotąd? De Winne: Taką mamy nadzieję. Oczywiście to tylko jedna z rzeczy, nad którymi pracujemy. Dziś orbitujemy wokół Ziemi, English: was thought to have curbed the growth in the virulence of the salmonella bacteria-- Nye: Oh, in another experiment. Ma: Yeah, on the previous experiment. We thought that maybe if it's the same gene, you know, the phosphate will help curb the growth in the virulence of the B. subtilis that we have. Nye: So Dorothy, what's going on with that one? Chen: So we're thinking that the fertilizer with-- it has phosphate ions, 'cause that's what fertilizer's made of, but it also has other impurities, other chemicals, that are added to the fertilizer. Nye: That might be similar like nitrates, phosphates. Chen: Right. So we're thinking those might also interfere and curb its growth even more. Nye: So, you guys, in just a few minutes, we'll see what happened! Very cool. So let's get back to the Hangout, Frank, if the hypothesis is correct, does this mean that the results of these experiments will make it easier for astronauts to be in space longer and go farther and deeper than ever before? De Winne: Well, we hope so. At least it's one of the things that we, of course, are working on. Today we are flying around the earth, Japanese: 毒性の強いサルモネラ菌の 成長を抑制します ナイ: 別の実験だね？ サラ: 以前の実験です 遺伝子が同じなら 有毒なバチルス菌の成長を リン酸が抑制するのではないかと ナイ: ドロシー、こっちは？ ドロシー: 化学肥料には リン酸イオン 肥料の主成分が入っていますが 他にも他の化学物質が 添加されています ナイ: カリウムとか ドロシー: そう だからそれらも一緒に成長を 阻害するかなと ナイ: あと数分で その答えがわかるよ！ お楽しみに ではここでハングアウトに戻ろう フランク、もし仮説が正しいとしたら これらの実験結果によって宇宙飛行士が もっと長く滞在できたり もっと遠くへ行けたり できるようになりますか？ デ・ウィン: そうだといいですね 少なくともこれらは 私たちが取り組んでいる 実験のひとつです 今、私たちは地球の周りを飛んでいますが Czech: podle všeho brání zvyšování virulence bakterií salmonely – Nye: Aha, v prvním experimentu. Ma: Ano, v předchozím experimentu. Myslely jsme, že když je to stejný gen, tak by fosfáty mohly omezit i virulenci B. subtilis, který máme zde. Nye: Dorothy, co je v té poslední? Chen: Daly jsme tam hnojiva – – obsahují ionty fosfátu, to je hlavní složka hnojiv, ale také obsahují další nečistoty a chemikálie, ze kterých se hnojivo skládá. Nye: Například nitráty, fosfáty... Chen: Ano. Myslíme, že by mohly růst bakterií zpomalit ještě více. Nye: A už za pár minut se podíváme, jak to dopadlo. Paráda. Vraťme se k našemu hangoutu. Franku, pokud jsou hypotézy správné, znamená to, že výsledky našich experimentů astronautům umožní být ve vesmíru delší dobu a dostat se ještě dál než kdykoli předtím? De Winne: V to doufáme. Je to jedna z věcí, o které se samozřejmě snažíme. Dnes létáme okolo Země, Spanish: de fosfato había reprimido el desarrollo en la virulencia de la bacteria salmonella... Nye: Oh, en otro experimento. Ma: Sí, en el experimento anterior. Pensamos que tal vez si es el mismo gen, el fosfato ayudará a reprimir el desarrollo en la virulencia de la B. subtilis que tenemos. Nye: Entonces Dorothy, ¿qué puedes decirme sobre aquel? Chen: Entonces pensábamos que el fertilizante con... tiene iones de fosfato, porque de eso están hechos los fertilizantes, pero también tiene otras impurezas, otros químicos, que se agregan al fertilizante. Nye: Eso podría ser similar a nitratos, los fosfatos. Chen: Así que pensábamos que estos también podrían interferir y reprimir su desarrollo todavía más. Nye: Bien chicos, en unos pocos minutos ¡veremos qué pasó! Es fantástico. Así que volvamos al Hangout, Frank, si la hipótesis es correcta, ¿acaso significa que los resultados de estos experimentos permitirán con más facilidad que los astronautas estén en el espacio por más tiempo y puedan llegar más lejos y más profundo que nunca antes? De Winne: Bueno, eso esperamos. Al menos es una de las cosas en las que, por supuesto estamos trabajando. Actualmente volamos alrededor de la tierra, Dutch: verondersteld wordt de groei te remmen van de virulentie van de salmonellabacterie... Nye: In een ander experiment. Ma: Ja, in het eerdere experiment. We dachten dat als dit hetzelfde gen is, het fosfaat de groei helpt te remmen in de virulentie van de B. subtilis die we hier hebben. Nye: Dorothy, wat is daarmee aan de hand? Chen: We denken dat de meststof met... er zitten fosfaat-ionen in, want daar bestaat kunstmest uit, maar er zitten ook andere onzuiverheden in, andere chemische stoffen, die worden toegevoegd aan de meststof. Nye: Zoiets als nitraten, fosfaten. Chen: Juist. We denken dat die de groei nog meer kunnen verstoren en remmen. Nye: Dus, meiden, over een paar minuten zullen we zien wat er is gebeurd. Erg spannend. Laten we weer even teruggaan naar de hangout. Frank, als de hypothese correct is, betekent dit dan dat het resultaat van deze experimenten het astronauten gemakkelijker maakt langer in de ruimte te blijven en verder en dieper de ruimte in de gaan dan ooit? De Winne: We hopen het wel. Het is ten minste een van de dingen waar we aan werken. Nu vliegen we rond de aarde, Italian: era ritenuto responsabile di aver frenato la crescita di virulenza dei batteri di salmonella... Nye: Oh, in un altro esperimento. Ma: Sì, nell'esperimento precedente. Abbiamo pensato che forse, essendo lo stesso gene, il fosfato avrebbe contribuito a frenare la crescita di virulenza del nostro B. subtilis. Nye: Dunque Dorothy, che cosa succede con quello? Chen: Quindi abbiamo ipotizzato che il fertilizzante con... ioni fosfato, perché questo è ciò di cui sono fatti i fertilizzanti, ma ci sono anche altre impurità, altre sostanze chimiche che vengono aggiunte al fertilizzante. Nye: Potrebbero essere simili ai nitrati, i fosfati. Chen: Esatto. Quindi abbiamo ipotizzato che anche quelli avrebbero potuto interferire e frenarne ancora di più la crescita. Nye: Quindi, ragazze, tra pochi minuti vedremo che cosa è successo! Molto interessante. Torniamo all'hangout. Frank, se l'ipotesi è corretta, significa che i risultati di questi esperimenti permetteranno agli astronauti di stare nello spazio più a lungo e di andare più lontano e di inoltrarsi come mai prima d'ora? De Winne: Beh, speriamo di sì. O almeno è uno degli aspetti a cui, ovviamente, stiamo lavorando. Oggi voliamo intorno alla Terra, iw: עיכב את הגידול באלימות של חיידק הסלמונלה - ניי: בניסוי אחר. מא: כן, בניסוי הקודם. אז הערכנו שמכיוון שמדובר באותו גן, הפוספט יוכל לסייע בעיכוב הגדילה באלימות של הבצילוס סובליטיס. ניי: דורותי, מה קורה עם המבחנה הזו? צ'ן: אז חשבנו שיש בדשן - יש בו יוני פוספט, כי מהם הוא עשוי, אבל יש בו גם מזהמים או כימיקלים נוספים שמוסיפים לדשן. ניי: שעשויים להיות דומים, כמו ניטרטים או פוספטים. צ'ן: כן. אז חשבנו שגם הם עשויים להתערב בתגובה ולגרום לעיכוב גדול יותר בגידול. ניי: אז בעוד דקות ספורות, נראה מה קרה! זה מגניב מאוד. אז בואו נחזור ל-Hangout, פרנק, אם ההשערה נכונה, האם התוצאות של הניסויים האלה יקלו על אסטרונאוטים לשהות בחלל תקופות ארוכות יותר ולנסוע רחוק יותר ועמוק יותר מאי פעם בעבר? דה-ווין: אנחנו מקווים שכן. בכל אופן, זה אחד הדברים שאנחנו, כמובן, עובדים עליו. היום אנחנו טסים מסביב לכדור הארץ. Russian: сдерживает рост вирулентности бактерий сальмонеллы… НАЙ. А, это был другой эксперимент. МА. Да, это установили в предыдущем эксперименте. Мы предположили, что если дело в том же гене, то фосфат сможет ограничить рост вирулентности и нашей бактерии Bacillus subtilis. НАЙ. Итак, Дороти, что у нас в этой колбе? ЧЕН. Мы предположили, что удобрение с фосфат-ионами… Это – фосфатное удобрение, но в нем также есть другие примеси, другие химикаты, специально в него добавленные. НАЙ. Похожие вещества: нитраты, фосфаты… ЧЕН. Да. Мы предположили, что они также могут оказать влияние и задержать рост ещё больше. НАЙ. Итак, ребята, через несколько минут мы посмотрим, что же произошло! Это очень интересно! Вернемся к нашей видеовстрече. Франк, если гипотеза подтвердится, будет ли это означать, что благодаря сегодняшним исследованиям люди смогут находиться в космосе дольше и достигнут ещё более удаленных уголков Вселенной? ДЕ ВИНН. Полагаю, что да. По крайней мере, это одно из направлений, над которым мы работаем. Сегодня мы можем летать вокруг Земли, French: les ions phosphates semblaient avoir bloqué la virulence des salmonelles… Oui, dans une autre expérience. Oui, dans l'expérience précédente. Comme elles ont un gène commun, nous avons pensé que le phosphate pourrait peut-être bloquer la virulence du B. subtilis. Dorothy, que se passe-t-il dans celui-ci ? Celui-ci contient de l'engrais, avec des ions phosphates. L'engrais contient également des impuretés et des substances qui y sont ajoutées. Nitrates, phosphates… Oui. Nous avons donc pensé qu'ils pourraient avoir un effet encore plus puissant sur leur reproduction. Et dans quelques minutes, nous allons enfin le savoir ! Revenons à notre hangout. Frank, si leur hypothèse est correcte, cela signifie-t-il que les résultats obtenus permettront aux astronautes de rester plus longtemps dans l'espace et d'aller encore plus loin ? Nous l'espérons. Cela fait partie des projets que nous avons en cours. Aujourd'hui, nous volons autour de la Terre, Chinese: 對沙門氏菌的病毒性 有遏止效果 你說另一項實驗 對，在先前的實驗中 我們認為既然基因相同 磷酸鹽可能也會遏止 枯草桿菌的病毒性滋長 Dorothy，目前狀況如何？ 我們認為肥料... 當中含有磷酸鹽離子 這是肥料的成份 但肥料中也添加了其他的 雜質還有化學物 可能類似硝酸鹽、磷酸鹽 對，所以我們認為這些肥料 也可能會對枯草桿菌的生長 有更多妨礙和遏止的效果 各位，再過幾分鐘 實驗就要成真啦！ 太酷了 我們先回到視訊聚會 Frank，如果假設正確無誤 是否表示這些實驗結果 能讓太空人 在太空駐留更久 前往更遠、更深的地方 我們希望如此 至少這是一件 我們正設法達成的事 我們在地球外圍繞行 Spanish: puesto que se creía que había frenado el aumento de la virulencia de la bacteria salmonella... Nye: Ah, en otro experimento. Ma: Sí, en el experimento anterior. Pensamos que quizás, si se trata del mismo gen, el fosfato ayudará a frenar el aumento de la virulencia de nuestra B. subtilis. Nye: Dorothy, ¿qué ocurre con este tubo de ensayo? Chen: Pensamos que... El fertilizante, que contiene iones de fosfato, porque de eso está compuesto fundamentalmente el fertilizante, también contiene otras impurezas y otras sustancias químicas que se añaden al mismo. Nye: Como, por ejemplo, nitratos, fosfatos... Chen: Exacto. Creemos que esas sustancias también podrían interferir y frenar aún más su crecimiento. Nye: Bueno, chicos, en tan solo unos minutos, veremos lo que ha pasado. ¿No es genial? Bien, volvamos al hangout. Frank, si las hipótesis son correctas, ¿significa que los resultados de estos experimentos facilitarán a los astronautas permanecer más tiempo en el espacio e ir más allá y sumergirse en el espacio como nunca antes? De Winne: Bueno, eso esperamos. Al menos, esa es una de las cosas en la que obviamente estamos trabajando. En la actualidad, podemos volar alrededor de la Tierra, Arabic: أيون الفوسفات كبح زيادة حدة بكتريا السالمونيلا-- ناي: أوه، في تجربة أخرى. ما: نعم، في تجربة سابقة. لقد اعتقدنا أنه ربما إذا كان الجين نفسه، سيساعد الفوسفات في كبح زيادة حدة العصوية الرقيقة الموجودة معنا. ناي: إذن دورثي، ما الذي يجري مع هذا الأنبوب؟ شين: نحن نعتقد أن السماد-- الذي يشتمل على أيونات الفوسفات، لأن ذلك هو ما يتكون منه السماد، لكنه يشتمل أيضًا على شوائب أخرى ومواد كيميائية أخرى تجري إضافتها إلى السماد. ناي: ربما تكون شيئًا مشابهًا كالنترات والفوسفات. شين: صحيح، لذا فنحن نعتقد أن هذه المواد قد تتدخل أيضًا وتكبح زيادة النمو أكثر. ناي: إذن، أيها الشباب خلال دقائق قليلة، سنرى ما حدث. رائع جدًا. لذا لنعد مرة أخرى إلى دردشة Hangout، فرانك، إذا كانت الفرضية صحيحة، فهل يعني هذا أن نتائج هاتين التجربتين ستسهل لرواد الفضاء البقاء في الفضاء لفترة أطول واستكشاف أعماقه عن أي وقت مضى؟ دي وين: نأمل ذلك. على الأقل، ذلك أحد الأمور التي، بالطبع، نسعى لتحقيقها. اليوم نحن نحلق فوق الأرض، Korean: 살모넬라 박테리아 독성의 성장을 억제해 온 것으로 생각했어요. 다른 실험에서요. 네, 이전 실험에서요. 우리는 유전자가 같다면 아마도 인산이 우리가 가진 고초균 독성의 성장을 억제하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 생각했어요. 그렇다면 Dorothy, 여기에선 무슨 일이 일어나고 있죠? 저희 생각에 비료는, 비료에 인산 이온이 있어요. 비료는 인산 이온으로 만들거든요. 하지만 비료에는 다른 불순물, 다른 화학물이 첨가되어 있어요. 질산염이나 인산염과 비슷한 것들 말이죠. 네. 그러니까 그런 것들도 균의 성장을 방해하고 더 억제할 수 있다고 생각해요. 자, 여러분, 이제 몇 분 후면 어떤 일이 일어나는지 보게 됩니다. 멋지네요. 이제 행아웃으로 돌아가 보죠. Frank씨, 가설이 맞다면 실험 결과를 통해 우주비행사가 우주에서 더 오래 머물고 더 멀리 가고 그 어느 때보다 더 깊이 우주를 탐험하도록 도움을 줄 수 있다는 뜻인가요? 그러길 바라고 있죠. 우리가 현재 작업 중인 것들 중 하나거든요. 오늘날 우리는 지구 주위를 날아 다니고 있어요. German: der Salmonellen durch ein Phosphat-Ion verursacht wird... In einem anderen Experiment... Ja, bei einem früheren Experiment. Da es das gleiche Gen ist, sollte das Phosphat auch bei unserem B. subtilis die Virulenz ankurbeln. Dorothy, was ist mit dem hier? Der zugemischte Dünger enthält Phosphat-Ionen, denn er besteht im Wesentlichen aus Phosphat, enthält aber auch andere Unreinheiten, andere beigemengte Chemikalien. Wie Phosphate oder Nitrate. Richtig. Und daher meinen wir, dass auch sie das Wachstum verstärken könnten. Okay, in ein paar Minuten werden wir wissen, was passiert ist. Sehr cool. Damit zurück zum Hangout. Frank, wenn die Hypothese richtig wäre, könnten Astronauten möglicherweise länger im Weltraum bleiben und tiefer vordringen als je zuvor? Das hoffen wir. Zumindest arbeiten wir gerade daran. Heute fliegen wir um die Erde, Portuguese: reduz o crescimento da virulência na salmonela... Nye: Em outro experimento. Ma: Sim, no experimento anterior. Pensamos que sendo o mesmo gene, o fosfato ajudará a conter o crescimento na virulência do bacilo subtilis. Nye: Dorothy, o que acontece com esse? Chen: Acreditamos que o fertilizante... ele tem íons de fosfato, o fertilizante é feito disso, mas também tem outras impuridades, outros elementos químicos que são adicionados ao fertilizante. Nye: Outros similares, como nitratos e fosfatos. Chen: Achamos que eles podem interferir e reduzir o crescimento ainda mais. Nye: Pessoal, em alguns minutos veremos o que aconteceu. Muito legal. Vamos voltar ao Hangout, Frank, se a hipótese estiver correta significa que os resultados desses experimentos facilitarão a presença de astronautas no espaço por mais tempo, possibilitando ir mais longe do que já se foi? De Winne: Esperamos que sim. Com certeza, essa é uma das ideias que estamos analisando. Hoje, estamos voando em volta da Terra, German: aber natürlich wollen wir weiter: Wir wollen wieder auf den Mond, endlich auf den Mars. Wer weiß schon, wo es endet? Aber dafür müssen wir viele Fragen beantworten. Am interessantesten ist doch, dass die Lösung dieser Fragen und Probleme nicht nur dazu führen wird, dass Astronauten weiter fliegen, wie zum Mond oder auch zum Mars, sondern dass das auch für uns auf der Erde von Nutzen sein wird. Das ist doch das Wesentliche der Raumfahrt. Sehr interessant. Sie waren ja schon mal im All. Wie sieht's dort aus? Es ist toll, im Weltraum zu sein. Zunächst einmal kann man schweben, und wie die Spinnen muss man sich natürlich etwas anpassen. Wenn man auf etwas zielt, verpasst man es immer. Zumindest am Anfang. Aber unser Gehirn passt sich an. Es wird interessant sein zu sehen, ob die Spinnen das auch können. Und zu sehen,... Als Sie im All waren, wie lange hat es gedauert, bis es Ihnen gelang, jemand anderem etwas zu geben? Das hat schon ein bisschen gedauert. Aber nicht besonders lang, Portuguese: mas queremos ir mais longe. Queremos explorar, voltar à Lua, chegar a Marte e sabe-se lá até onde iremos. Mas existem muitas dúvidas que precisaremos responder antes. A parte interessante, é que se conseguirmos responder a todas essas perguntas essas questões científicas, isso não ajudará apenas os astronautas a ir mais longe, à Lua, a Marte, mas também beneficiará as pessoas aqui na Terra. Essa é a parte realmente interessante de tudo que está ligado à exploração espacial. Nye: Muito interessante. Você já foi ao espaço, certo? O que você nos conta? De Winne: Ir ao espaço é incrível. Primeiro, é possível flutuar, mas assim como as aranhas, no começo é preciso se adaptar, porque se mirar em algo, provavelmente erramos o alvo. E nosso cérebro humano consegue se adaptar. Será interessante ver se as aranhas também conseguem. E ver nosso... Nye: Quanto tempo levava... Quando você estava no espaço e tentava alcançar algo a alguém, quanto tempo levava para fazer isso direito? De Winne: Poucas vezes. Não muitas, Chinese: 但當然 我們還想更進一步 我們想要確實地瞭解 如何重返月球 如何前往火星... 天知道終點在哪裡 但是我們在達成這些目標前 還有一堆懸而未解的問題 但有趣的地方是 如果我們可以解答所有問題 揭開所有科學奧秘 不僅對太空人有益 以便前往太空深處 前往月球、火星... 還能為地球上的人類 帶來大量助益 這才是真正有趣的事 所有事物都與太空探索息息相關 很有趣，你曾經待在太空中 感受如何？ 喔，在太空中的感覺很好 首先，你可以飄浮 但一開始就跟跳蛛一樣 你必須調適 因為如果你鎖定了某個目標 在初期通常都會錯失目標 但是人類的大腦會做調適 所以如果跳蛛也能調適的話 一定會很有趣 - 看看我們的... - 你花了多久... 當你在太空中 想要將某個東西遞給某人 你花了多久時間才找出方式？ 喔，花了不少時間 不過沒有太久 Arabic: لكننا بالطبع، نريد الدخول إلى ما هو أبعد. نحن حقًا نريد الاستكشاف، الرجوع إلى القمر، الصعود إلى كوكب المريخ-- من يعلم أين سينتهي بنا الحال؟ لكن هناك الكثير من الأسئلة التي يلزمنا الإجابة عنها لنتمكن من فعل ذلك. لكن الأمر المثير للاهتمام هو، بالطبع، أنه إذا استطعنا الإجابة عن جميع هذه الأسئلة، جميع هذه الأمور العلمية، فلن يعود ذلك بالنفع على رواد الفضاء فحسب أي التحليق إلى مسافات أبعد-- في القمر وكوكب المريخ-- لكنه أيضًا سيجلب الكثير من الفوائد إلى البشر على الأرض. وهذا هو الأمر المثير للاهتمام في كل ما هو مرتبط باستكشاف الفضاء. ناي: أمر مثير للاهتمام حقًا. لقد صعدت إلى الفضاء، أليس كذلك؟ كيف يبدو؟ دي وين: أوه، إن الصعود إلى الفضاء رائع. أولاً، يمكنك أن تطفو، ومثل العناكب في البداية، بالطبع، يجب علينا التكيف، لأنك إذا سعيت لتحقيق هدف ما، فعادةً ما تخطئ هذا الهدف في البداية. ويمكن لعقلنا البشري التكيف. فمن المثير للاهتمام أن نعرف ما إذا كانت العناكب ستتكيف. ثم رؤية-- ناي: ما الفترة التي استغرقتها-- عندما كنت في الفضاء عند محاولة تسليم شيء باليد لشخص ما، كم استغرقت من الوقت لإجراء ذلك؟ دي وين: آه، مرتان. ليس كثيرًا جدًا، Russian: но конечно, нам хотелось бы пойти дальше и исследовать больше. Хотелось бы вернуться на Луну, побывать на Марсе… Кто знает, куда мы ещё можем добраться? Но до этого нам нужно найти ответы на массу вопросов. И ещё замечу вот что: если мы ответим на все эти вопросы, решим эти научные проблемы, это принесет пользу не только космонавтам, которые полетят на Луну и Марс. Мы сможем помочь и обычным людям на Земле. Очень важно помнить об этом, когда мы говорим о космических исследованиях. НАЙ. Очень интересно. Итак, вы бывали в космосе. Что можете рассказать? ДЕ ВИНН. О, это незабываемое ощущение! Прежде всего, можно плавать в воздухе. Но людям, как и тем паукам, о которых говорилось в начале, к условиям космоса нужно адаптироваться. Поначалу без привычки ты тоже промахиваешься. Человеческий мозг может приспосабливаться. Интересно посмотреть, смогут ли приспособиться пауки. И потом… НАЙ. А сколько… Когда вы были в космосе, и хотели что-то передать кому-нибудь, сколько попыток вам требовалось? ДЕ ВИНН. Ну, обычно две. Не так много. Japanese: もちろん、もっと遠くへ行きたい 月にもまた降り立ちたいし 火星にも行きたいし 終わりはありません しかしそのためには 多くの問題の答えを 見つけなければなりません 面白いのは これらの問題の答えを見つけられた場合 どれも科学的なものですが その恩恵は宇宙飛行士がもっと遠くへ 月や火星へ降り立つためだけではなく 地球上の人々にも多くの恩恵を もたらすという点です そしてこの点が、宇宙の探求において 本当に面白いのです ナイ: 面白い あなたは宇宙に行きましたね？ それはどんな感じですか？ デ・ウィン: とてもすばらしいです 宙に浮かぶことができます 先ほどのクモの話と同じように 適応は必要です ものをつかむとき 最初はうまくいきませんが 頭脳は適応します クモも適応できるのかどうか とても興味深いです ナイ: 宇宙では 誰かに何かを渡すのに どのくらいで慣れましたか？ どのくらいで成功しました？ デ・ウィン: 2回くらいですね それほどではないです English: but of course, we want to go further. We want to really explore, go back to the moon, go to Mars-- who knows where we will end up? But there are a lot of questions that we will need to answer to do that. But the interesting part is, of course, that, if we can answer all those questions, all those scientific things, that this will not only bring benefits to astronauts flying further-- to the moon, to Mars-- but it will also bring a lot of benefits to the people on Earth. And this is really the interesting part of everything that is linked to space exploration. Nye: Well, interesting. You've been in space, right? What's it like? De Winne: Oh, it's great to be in space. First of all, you can float, and much like the spiders in the beginning, of course, you have to adapt, because, if you aim for something, you normally miss it in the beginning. And our human brain can adapt. It will be interesting to see if the spiders can adapt. Then seeing our-- Nye: How long would-- When you were in space and you tried to hand something to somebody, how long did it take you to figure it out? De Winne: Well, uh, a couple of times. Not--not so much, Czech: ale budeme chtít pokračovat dále. Chceme objevovat, vrátit se na Měsíc, letět na Mars – – kdo ví, kde skončíme? Ale je zde také spousta otázek, které budeme muset nejprve zodpovědět. Zajímavé na tom samozřejmě je, že když tyto otázky zodpovíme, všechny ty vědecké záležitosti, tak to bude přínosné nejen pro delší lety astronautů – – na Měsíc, na Mars –, ale bude to velmi přínosné i pro lidi na Zemi. A to je na výzkumu vesmíru a na všem, co s tím souvisí, opravdu zajímavé. Nye: Dobrá. Vy jste byl ve vesmíru, že? Jak to tam vypadá? De Winne: Být ve vesmíru je skvělé. Především se můžete vznášet, a tak jako ti pavouci na začátku se musíte přizpůsobit, protože když se na něco zaměříte, tak to zezačátku minete. Ale lidský mozek se přizpůsobí. Bude zajímavé sledovat, zda se přizpůsobí i pavouci. A uvidíme, – Nye: Jak dlouho – – když jste byl ve vesmíru a chtěl jste někomu něco podat, jak dlouho trvalo, než se vám to podařilo? De Winne: Několik pokusů. Ale ne mnoho, Polish: ale bez wątpienia chcemy polecieć dalej. Chcemy odkrywać, wrócić na Księżyc, polecieć na Marsa. Kto wie, dokąd dotrzemy? Jest jeszcze wiele pytań, na które musimy najpierw odpowiedzieć. Jednak ciekawe jest to, że gdy odpowiemy na te pytania, nasze osiągnięcia naukowe nie tylko pozwolą astronautom latać dalej – na Księżyc, na Marsa – ale też przyniosą wiele korzyści ludziom na Ziemi. To właśnie jest najlepsza rzecz związana z podbojem kosmosu. Nye: Interesujące. Byłeś w kosmosie, prawda? Jak tam jest? De Winne: To wspaniałe uczucie. Po pierwsze możesz latać. Oczywiście tak jak pająki musisz najpierw się przystosować, bo jeśli gdzieś celujesz, zwykle na początku nie trafiasz w to miejsce. Ludzki mózg się przystosowuje. Jestem ciekaw, czy uda się to pająkom. Widząc nasze... Nye: Gdy w kosmosie chciałeś komuś coś podać, jak długo uczyłeś się to robić? De Winne: Wystarczyło kilka prób. Nie tak wiele, Korean: 물론 더 멀리 가고 싶어요. 실제로 탐험하고 싶고 달로 돌아가고, 화성에도 가고 싶고요. 어디까지 갈 수 있을지 누가 알겠습니까? 하지만 그렇게 하려면 먼저 풀어야 할 문제가 너무 많아요. 물론 흥미로운 부분은 우리가 모든 질문에 모든 과학적인 질문에 답할 수 있다면 달로, 화성으로 멀리 날아가는 우주비행사에게 도움이 될 뿐 아니라 지구에 사는 사람들에게도 많은 혜택을 줄 거라는 점이죠. 이것이 바로 우주 탐험과 관련된 모든 것 중에서 정말 흥미로운 부분이죠. 재미있군요. 우주에 가본 적이 있죠? 어땠습니까? 아주 좋았어요. 우선, 공중에 떠있을 수 있어요. 물론 처음에는 거미처럼 적응해야 해요. 뭔가 잡으려고 하면 처음에는 보통 놓치고 말거든요. 사람의 뇌는 적응할 수 있어요. 거미가 우주에 적응할 수 있는지 보는 건 재미있을 거에요. 그런 다음.. 얼마나 오래... 우주에 있을 때 누군가에게 뭔가를 주려고 했을 때 얼마나 오래 걸렸나요? 음, 두어 번 시도해야 했죠. 그렇게 오래 걸리진 않아요. French: mais nous voulons bien sûr aller plus loin. Nous voulons explorer, retourner sur la Lune, aller sur Mars… Nous devons d'abord répondre à beaucoup de questions avant de nous lancer. Ce qui est intéressant, c'est que, si nous pouvons répondre à toutes ces questions scientifiques, cela bénéficiera non seulement aux astronautes, pour aller sur la Lune ou sur Mars, mais cela bénéficiera également aux habitants de la planète. C'est ce qui est passionnant. Tout est lié à l'exploration de l'espace. Passionnant. Vous êtes allé dans l'espace, n'est-ce pas ? C'était comment ? Extraordinaire. Déjà, vous flottez, et comme les araignées, du moins au début, vous devez vous adapter. Lorsque vous visez quelque chose, vous le ratez dans les premiers temps. Puis, le cerveau humain s'adapte. Il serait intéressant de voir si les araignées peuvent s'adapter. – Ensuite… Lorsque vous étiez dans l'espace, et que vous essayiez de passer un objet à quelqu'un, à combien de fois avez-vous dû vous y reprendre ? Deux ou trois fois. Pas tant que ça. Dutch: maar we willen natuurlijk nog verder gaan. We willen echte ontdekkingsreizen maken, teruggaan naar de maan, naar Mars gaan: wie weet waar we uitkomen? Maar er zijn veel vragen die we daar eerst voor moeten beantwoorden. Het interessante hieraan is natuurlijk dat als we al die vragen kunnen beantwoorden, al die wetenschappelijke dingen, dat dit niet alleen gunstig is voor astronauten, die verder kunnen vliegen: naar de maan, naar Mars, maar het is ook erg gunstig voor de mensen op aarde. En dat is het echt interessante aan alles dat te maken heeft met ruimtevaart. Nye: Interessant. Je bent zelf in de ruimte geweest, hè? Hoe is het daar? De Winne: Het is echt geweldig om in de ruimte te zijn. Ten eerste kun je zweven, en net zoals de spinnen, moet je je in het begin aanpassen, wat als je ergens op richt, zit je normaal gesproken mis in het begin. Maar het menselijk brein kan zich aanpassen. Het wordt interessant om te zien of de spinnen zich kunnen aanpassen. En te zien... Nye: Hoe lang zou je... Toen je in de ruimte was en je probeerde iemand iets aan te geven, hoe lang duurde het voordat dat goed ging? De Winne: Na een paar keer proberen. Niet heel vaak, Spanish: pero por supuesto, queremos llegar más lejos. Queremos realmente explorar, volver a la luna, ir a Marte... ¿quién sabe dónde terminaremos? Pero hay muchas preguntas que tendremos que responder para hacer eso. Pero lo interesante de esto es, por supuesto, que si podemos responder todas esas preguntas, todas esas cuestiones científicas, no solo traerá beneficios para los astronautas que podrán volar más lejos... a la luna, a Marte... sino que también traerá muchos beneficios para las personas en la tierra. Y realmente esta es la parte interesante de todo lo relacionado con la exploración del espacio. Nye: Interesante. Tú has estado en el espacio, ¿cierto? ¿Qué se siente? De Winne: Es estupendo estar en el espacio. En primer lugar, puedes flotar, y al igual que las arañas al principio, por supuesto tienes que adaptarte, porque si quieres alcanzar algo, normalmente fallas al principio. Y nuestro cerebro humano puede adaptarse. Seré interesante ver si las arañas pueden adaptarse. Luego ver nuestro... Nye: ¿Cuánto tiempo... Cuando estabas en el espacio y tratabas de pasarle algo a alguien con la mano, ¿cuánto tiempo tardabas en poder hacerlo? De Winne: Bueno, un par de veces, No mucho tiempo, Italian: ma naturalmente vogliamo andare più lontano. Vogliamo esplorare davvero, tornare sulla luna, andare su Marte... Chissà dove andremo a finire? Ma ci sono molte domande a cui dovremo rispondere per riuscirci. Ma il fatto interessante, naturalmente, è che, se riusciamo a rispondere a tutte queste domande, a tutti questi quesiti scientifici, ciò non porterà vantaggi solo per gli astronauti che andranno lontano... sulla luna, su Marte... ma porterà moltissimi vantaggi anche alle persone sulla Terra. Ed è questo l'aspetto davvero interessante di tutto ciò che è legato all'esplorazione spaziale. Nye: Bene, interessante. Lei è stato nello spazio, giusto? Com'è? De Winne: Oh, è fantastico stare nello spazio. Innanzitutto puoi fluttuare, e un po' come i ragni all'inizio, ovviamente, devi adattarti, perché se punti a qualcosa, normalmente all'inizio lo manchi. Il nostro cervello umano è in grado di adattarsi. Sarà interessante vedere se i ragni sono in grado di adattarsi. Poi vedere il nostro... Nye: Quanto tempo... Quando era nello spazio e tentava di porgere qualcosa a qualcuno, quanto tempo le ci voleva per riuscirci? De Winne: Beh, uh, un paio di tentativi. Non molti, iw: אבל כמובן, אנחנו רוצים להגיע רחוק יותר. אנחנו רוצים לחקור לעומק, לחזור לירח, לנסוע למאדים, מי יודע לאן נגיע? אבל יש הרבה שאלות שנצטרך לענות עליהן כדי לעשות זאת. הנקודה המעניינת היא, כמובן, שאם נצליח לענות על כל השאלות האלה, כל הסוגיות המדעיות האלה, זה יועיל לא רק לאסטרונאוטים שטסים רחוק יותר, לירח או למאדים, אלא גם יביא הרבה תועלת לאנשים בכדור הארץ. וזו הנקודה המעניינת באמת שנוגעת לכל מה שקשור לחקר החלל. ניי: מעניין אתה היית בחלל, נכון? איך זה להיות שם? דה-ווין: נהדר להיות בחלל. קודם כל, אפשר לרחף, ובהתחלה, כמו העכבישים, צריך להסתגל, אם אתה מכוון למשהו, בדרך כלל תפספס אותו בהתחלה. המוח האנושי שלנו יכול להסתגל יהיה מעניין לראות אם העכבישים יצליחו. ניי: כמה זמן, כשהיית בחלל, וניסית למסור משהו למישהו, כמה פעמים ניסית עד שהצלחת? דה-ווין: בערך פעמיים-שלוש. לא כל כך הרבה, Spanish: pero es obvio que queremos ir más allá. Queremos explorar realmente, volver a la Luna, pisar Marte... ¿Quién sabe dónde acabaremos? No obstante, hay muchas preguntas que tendremos que responder para poder hacerlo. Pero, obviamente, la parte interesante de esto es que, si podemos dar respuesta a todas estas preguntas y a todas estas cuestiones científicas, los beneficios no solo permitirán que los astronautas viajen más lejos o pisen la Luna o Marte, sino que también será algo muy positivo para los habitantes de la Tierra. Y esta es realmente la parte interesante de todo lo que está relacionado con la exploración espacial. Nye: Muy interesante. Tú has estado en el espacio, ¿verdad? ¿Cómo se está allí? De Winne: Bueno, es genial estar en el espacio. En primer lugar, puedes flotar y, al igual que las arañas del principio, es obvio que debes adaptarte porque, si buscas un objetivo, normalmente no podrás alcanzarlo al principio. Además, nuestro cerebro sabe adaptarse. Será muy interesante comprobar si las arañas también pueden hacerlo. Y ver luego nuestro... Nye: ¿Cuánto tiempo...? Cuando estabas en el espacio e intentabas entregar un objeto a alguien, ¿cuánto tiempo tardabas en conseguirlo? De Winne: Bueno, un par de intentos. No tardaba mucho German: denn unser Gehirn ist natürlich gut entwickelt, und wir sind eine sehr anpassungsfähige Spezies. Es ist also interessant, wie sich das Gehirn oder die Reflexe einer Spinne anpassen. Spannend finde ich es außerdem, bei Raumflügen die Erde von oben zu beobachten. Ich war als Astronaut in einem Raumschiff dort oben. Erst dann merkt man, dass wir alle Astronauten sind auf dem Raumschiff Erde. Das ist sehr wichtig. Wir sind eine ganz kleine Kugel in diesem riesigen Universum. Ich weiß, das ist erstaunlich. Es ist so überwältigend, und Sie sind dort gewesen. Entschuldigung, Frank, wir müssen weitermachen, denn ich habe gerade gehört, dass wir sehr bald mit Ihren Kollegen auf der ISS sprechen werden. Vielen Dank, und alles Gute. Okay, Leute! Machen wir weiter. Gehen wir mal auf die andere Seite des Labors, in das "Hinterzimmer". Dazu gehen wir durch eine Geheimtür. Gut, sie ist nicht geheim. Sie ist gleich hier. Japanese: 人間の頭脳は非常に進化していて 適応能力が高いですから クモの頭脳や反射能力が どのように適応するかは興味深い 宇宙で過ごして面白いことは他にもあって 地球を真上から眺められることです 宇宙にいるときは、本当に自分が 宇宙船に乗った宇宙飛行士であると 実感しました しかし私たちは皆「地球号」の 宇宙飛行士なのです これは本当に重要なことです 私たちは広大な宇宙に浮かぶ 小さい球にいるのです ナイ: まったくです 本当にすごいことです 宇宙を経験したというのは ごめんなさい 先に進まないと もうすぐ、ISSにいる あなたの同僚たちと 回線がつながりますので ありがとうございました では後ほど さてみんな ラボの向こう側へ行こう 実験の巣窟だ この秘密のドアを通って まあ、このドアのことだけど iw: כי המוח האנושי מפותח מאוד, כמובן, ואנחנו יצורים עם כושר הסתגלות גבוה. יהיה מעניין לראות כיצד המוח והרפלקסים של עכביש יסתגלו למצב הזה. הנקודה המעניינת השנייה שרציתי להתייחס אליה, היא שלהיות בחלל זה לצפות בכדור הארץ ישירות מלמעלה. כי כשאתה שם אתה מבין שבאמת - אני הייתי אסטרונאוט, נמצאתי בחללית בחלל - אבל כולנו אסטרונאוטים ב'חללית כדור הארץ'. זה חשוב מאוד. אנחנו בסך הכול כדור קטנטן ביקום הענק הזה. ניי: כן, זה מדהים. זה בלתי נתפס, ואתה היית שם. אני מצטער, פרנק, אנחנו חייבים להמשיך. מוסרים לי שאנחנו הולכים לדבר עם העמיתים שלך בתחנת החלל הבינלאומית בקרוב מאוד. תודה רבה, אדוני אתה משוחרר. לא רע. בואו נעבור לצד השני של המעבדה למאורה של המעבדה. נעבור בדלת הסודית. טוב, היא לא באמת סודית. היא כאן. Italian: perché il cervello umano è, naturalmente, molto evoluto e noi siamo una specie molto adattabile. Quindi sarebbe interessante vedere come si adatterebbero il cervello o i riflessi di un ragno a tutto questo. Ma come stavo per dire, l'altro aspetto interessante dello stare nello spazio è osservare la Terra dall'alto. Perché, quando sei lì, ti rendi conto davvero che... io ero un astronauta, ero nello spazio in una navicella spaziale... ma siamo tutti astronauti sulla navicella chiamata Terra. Questo è molto importante. Siamo solo una sfera minuscola in questo universo immenso. Nye: Lo so, è incredibile. È, uh, è travolgente, e lei ci è stato. Mi spiace, Frank, dobbiamo proseguire perché mi dicono che stiamo per parlare con i suoi colleghi sulla Stazione Spaziale Internazionale tra pochissimo. Grazie mille, signore. Proseguiamo. Uh, ragazzi, non è male. Spostiamoci sull'altro lato del laboratorio, il nascondiglio del laboratorio. Attraverseremo la porta segreta. Beh, non è segreta. Cioè, sta proprio qui. Czech: protože lidský mozek je velmi vyvinutý a jsme zkrátka přizpůsobivý druh. Bude zajímavé vidět, jak se přizpůsobí mozek a reflexy pavouka. Ale chtěl jsem ještě říct, že další zajímavá věc je pozorovat Zemi z vesmíru. Tam nahoře si skutečně uvědomíte – – byl jsem astronaut, byl jsem ve vesmíru ve vesmírné lodi – – ale vlastně jsme všichni astronauti na planetě Zemi. To je hodně důležité. Je to jen maličká koule uprostřed obrovského vesmíru. Nye: Ano, je to úžasné. Je to nepopsatelné a vy jste tam byl. Je mi líto, Franku, ale musíme se posunout dál, protože dostávám signál, že se již brzy spojíme s vašimi kolegy na Mezinárodní vesmírné stanici. Děkuji vám velmi pěkně. Ať se vám daří. Tak, to by bylo. Teď pojďme do druhé části laboratoře, do našeho doupěte. Projdeme tajnými dveřmi. Nejsou moc tajné. Vlastně jsou přímo tady. Dutch: want het menselijk brein is natuurlijk heel ver geëvolueerd en we kunnen ons als soort erg goed aanpassen. Het wordt dus interessant om te zien hoe de hersenen of reflexen van een spin zich daarop aanpassen. Maar het andere interessante aspect, wilde ik nog zeggen, van in de ruimte zijn, is dat je de aarde van boven kunt observeren. Want als je daar bent, realiseer je je echt dat... ik was een astronaut, ik bevond me in een ruimteschip in de ruimte, maar we zijn allemaal astronauten op het ruimteschip Aarde. Dat is echt belangrijk. We zijn een klein stipje in dit immense universum. Nye: Ik weet het, het is ongelooflijk. Het is overweldigend, en jij hebt het meegemaakt. Het spijt me, Frank, maar we moeten verder, want ik hoor net dat we nu bijna gaan praten met je collega's in het internationale ruimtestation ISS. Dank je wel. Ga vooral zo door. Dit gaat prima, jongens. Laten we naar de andere kant van het lab gaan, naar het laboratoriumhok. We gaan door de geheime deur. Nou ja, niet zo geheim. Hij staat hier gewoon. English: because our human brain is, of course, very evolved and we are a very adaptable species. So it would be interesting to see how a spider brain or reflexes would adapt to that. But the other interesting part, I wanted to say, in being in space is exactly observing our Earth from above. Because, when you are there, you really realize that-- actually, I was an astronaut, I was in space in a spaceship-- but we are all astronauts on Spaceship Earth. This is really important. We are just a very tiny ball in this immense universe. Nye: I know, it's amazing. It's, uh, it's overwhelming, and you've been there. I-I'm sorry, Frank, we've got to keep moving, because I just got word that we're gonna talk to your colleagues up on the international space station very, very soon. Thank you so much, sir. Carry on. Uh, you guys, it's not bad. Let's go to the other side of the lab, to the laboratory den. We'll go through the secret door. Well, it's not secret. I mean, it's right here. Spanish: porque nuestro cerebro humano está, por supuesto, muy desarrollado y somos una especie muy adaptable. Así que sería interesante ver como el cerebro o los reflejos de una araña se adaptan a eso. Pero otra cosa interesante, quería contarles, es que estar en el espacio es exactamente observar nuestra tierra desde arriba. Porque, cuando estás allí, realmente te das cuenta de que... en realidad, yo era un astronauta, estuve en el espacio en una nave espacial, pero todos somos astronautas en la nave espacial Tierra. Esto es muy importante. Somos apenas una pelota diminuta en este inmenso universo. Nye: Lo sé, es increíble. Es sorprendente, y tú has estado allí. Lo siento Frank, tenemos que continuar porque acaban de avisarme que hablaremos con tus colegas en la Estación Espacial Internacional muy pronto. Muchas gracias, señor. Continúe. Uh amigos, nada mal. Vayamos al otro lado del laboratorio, a la guarida del laboratorio. Entraremos por la puerta secreta. Bueno, no es secreta. Es decir, está aquí mismo. Korean: 사람의 뇌는 매우 진화되어 있거든요. 게다가 우리는 대단히 적응을 잘하는 종이기 때문이죠. 그러니까 거미의 뇌나 반사 신경이 어떻게 우주에 적응하는지 보는 것은 흥미로운 일일 거에요. 말씀드리고 싶은 또 다른 재미있는 부분은 우주에 있으면 지구를 위에서 정확히 관찰한다는 점이죠. 우리가 우주에 있으면 내가 우주비행사였고 우주선을 타고 우주에 있었다는 것을 깨닫지만 지구라는 우주선에서는 우리가 모두 우주비행사에요. 이것은 정말 중요해요. 우리는 단지 매우 작은 공에 불과해요. 이 광대한 우주에서요. Nye: 잘 압니다. 놀라운 일이죠. 대단하네요. 그 곳에 계셨잖아요. Frank씨 죄송하지만 우리는 계속 이동해야 해요. 막 들어온 소식에 따르면 곧 국제 우주 정거장에 있는 당신의 동료들과 이야기를 나누게 될 거라는군요. 대단히 감사합니다. 계속하죠. 자, 여러분, 괜찮아요. 이제 실험실의 다른 쪽으로 이동하겠습니다. 실험 작업실로요. 비밀 문을 통과할 겁니다. 사실 비밀은 아니에요. 바로 여기있으니까요. Russian: Человеческий мозг достаточно развит, а люди быстро учатся. Так что будет интересно увидеть, как адаптируется мозг паука или его рефлексы. И ещё я хотел сказать, что очень интересно наблюдать за Землей из космоса. Глядя на нее с такой высоты, ты понимаешь, что… И я могу это утверждать как человек, побывавший в космосе, что мы все являемся космонавтами на корабле под названием "Земля". Это очень важно. Наша планета – это очень маленький шарик в огромной Вселенной. НАЙ. Да, это удивительно. Это, должно быть, незабываемое впечатление! Прошу прощения, Франк, у нас дела. Мне только что сказали, что мы сможем связаться с вашими коллегами на МКС, и это будет очень и очень скоро. Огромное спасибо, Франк! Не отключайтесь! А сейчас, ребята, мы перейдем из лаборатории в подсобное помещение. Пройдем через тайную дверь. Хотя ничего тайного в ней нет. Вот она. Arabic: لأن العقل البشري، متطور للغاية بالطبع ونحن نوع قابل للتكيف جدًا. لذا سيكون من المثير للاهتمام معرفة كيف سيتكيف عقل العنكبوت أو ردود أفعاله مع ذلك. لكن الأمر الآخر المثير للاهتمام، الذي أريد قوله، أنه عند الصعود إلى الفضاء تتاح لك مشاهدة الأرض من فوق بدقة. لأنك عندما تكون هناك، تدرك حقًا أن-- أنا بالفعل كنت رائد فضاء، أحلق في الفضاء داخل سفينة فضائية-- لكننا جميعًا رواد فضاء في السفينة الفضائية "الأرض". هذا أمر مهم جدًا. نحن فعلاً كرة صغيرة للغاية في هذا الكون الهائل. ناي: أعلم، إن الأمر مذهل. نعم وذلك يغمرك بالكثير من المشاعر، وأنت كنت هناك. أعتذر، فرانك، يجب علينا الانتقال، لأنهم أخبروني أننا سنتحدث إلى زملائك في محطة الفضاء الدولية (ISS) قريبًا جدًا. شكرًا جزيلاً، سيدي. استمر في ما تفعله. أيها الشباب، ليس الأمر سيئًا. لنذهب إلى الجانب الآخر من المعمل، إلى غرفة المعمل الصغيرة. سنذهب عبر الباب السري. حسنًا، إنه ليس سريًا. أقصد، إنه هنا. Portuguese: porque nosso cérebro é muito desenvolvido e somos uma espécie muito adaptável. Será fascinante ver como o cérebro ou os reflexos da aranha se adaptam. Mas queria dizer que também é interessante, quando se está no espaço, ver a Terra lá de cima. Quando estamos lá, percebemos que, bem, eu era um astronauta, viajava em uma espaçonave, mas todos somos astronautas na espaçonave da Terra. Obviamente, isso é importante. Somos apenas uma pequena bola neste vasto Universo. Nye: Sim, é espetacular. É impressionante, e você já esteve lá. Desculpe, Frank, mas precisamos continuar. Fui informado que conversaremos com seus colegas na Estação Espacial Internacional em alguns instantes. Muito obrigado. Vamos adiante. Muito bem. Vamos para o outro lado do laboratório, para o esconderijo. Vamos passar pela porta secreta. Bem, não é secreta, está bem aqui. Spanish: porque nuestro cerebro obviamente está muy evolucionado y el ser humano es una especie muy adaptativa. Por tanto, sería interesante ver cómo el cerebro o los reflejos de una araña se adaptan a ese entorno. Pero la otra parte interesante que quería comentar con respecto a estar en el espacio es que observas exactamente la Tierra desde arriba porque cuando estás ahí arriba, realmente te das cuenta de que, aunque en realidad soy un astronauta y estoy en el espacio en una nave espacial, todos somos astronautas en la nave espacial de la Tierra. Esto es muy importante. Solo somos una pelota diminuta en este universo inmenso. Nye: Lo sé, es increíble. Es sobrecogedor y tú has estado allí. Disculpa, Frank, pero tenemos que seguir adelante porque me acaban de comentar que vamos a conectar con tus colegas en la Estación Espacial Internacional dentro de muy poco. Muchas gracias, señor. Sigue así. Bueno, chicos, no está mal. Pasemos al otro lado del laboratorio, a la sala del laboratorio. Atravesaremos la puerta secreta. Bueno, no es tan secreta porque está justo aquí. Chinese: 因為人腦十分善於進化 我們也是適應力很強的物種 所以我也很想知道 蜘蛛大腦或反射系統是否能夠適應環境 還有其他有趣的地方 待在太空中 可以從高處徹底觀察地球 當你人在那裡，就會瞭解... 我是一個太空人 我在太空的太空船裡面... 但我們都是地球號太空船的太空人 這點非常重要 在浩瀚的宇宙中 - 我們只是滄海一粟而已 - 這一定很驚人 人類是如此渺小 而且這是你的親身經歷 Frank，很抱歉 我們要先進入下個階段 因為我剛收到通知 我們很快就要與 你在國際太空站上的同事通話了 謝謝你，長官，我們繼續 各位，不錯喔 我們即將進入實驗室的另一側 前往實驗密室 我們要穿越秘門 也沒有很隱密啦 就在這裡 Polish: bo ludzki mózg jest bardzo rozwinięty i jako gatunek łatwo się przystosowujemy. Dlatego ciekawi mnie, jak przystosują się mózg i zmysły pająka. Inna ciekawa rzecz związana z pobytem w kosmosie to widok Ziemi z góry. Jako astronauta leciałem statkiem kosmicznym, ale gdy tam jesteś, uświadamiasz sobie, że każdy jest astronautą na statku kosmicznym Ziemia. To naprawdę ważne. Żyjemy na malutkiej kuli w ogromnym wszechświecie. Nye: Racja, to niezwykłe. Kosmos onieśmiela, a ty tam byłeś. Przepraszam Frank, musimy przejść dalej, bo otrzymałem informację, że wkrótce porozmawiamy z twoimi kolegami z Międzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej Bardzo ci dziękuję. Mądre słowa. W porządku. Chodźmy na drugą stronę laboratorium, do laboratoryjnej kanciapy. Przejdziemy tajnymi drzwiami. W sumie nie tak tajnymi. Są tutaj. French: Le cerveau humain est très évolué, et nous sommes une espèce qui s'adapte très facilement. Il serait donc intéressant de voir comment le cerveau et les réflexes de l'araignée peuvent s'adapter. Ce qui est aussi très intéressant, c'est que, être dans l'espace, c'est comme observer la Terre d'en haut. Une fois là-haut, nous pensons, je suis un astronaute, je suis à bord d'un vaisseau spatial, mais en réalité, nous sommes tous des astronautes de la Terre. C'est un point très important. Nous ne sommes qu'un petit point dans cet Univers immense. – Oui, c'est incroyable. C'est sidérant… Désolé, Frank, nous devons nous arrêter là, car on vient de me dire que nous allons être en direct avec vos collègues de la Station spatiale internationale d'ici très peu de temps. Merci beaucoup. Continuez comme ça. À présent, passons de l'autre côté, dans notre laboratoire. Passons par la porte secrète. Pas si secrète que ça… Italian: Ehi, non è male, eh? Bene, Becky, lei è stata nella giuria. Qual è stata la caratteristica dei vincitori che li ha messi in risalto? Parker: Beh, tre caratteristiche, in realtà. Se pensiamo che hanno veramente sfruttato in un modo originale le opportunità delle condizioni di microgravità, che presentano molti aspetti scientifici rigorosi. Hanno dimostrato di avere un ottimo metodo scientifico. Inoltre sono così entusiasti. Saranno dei brillanti scienziati in futuro, quindi si sono distinti come candidati fantastici. Nye: dunque, Stefanie, sono tutti giovani e via dicendo, ma questi esperimenti sono degni dello spazio? Cioè, sono altrettanto buoni quanto altri esperimenti sulla Stazione Spaziale Internazionale? Countryman: Sì, sono molto simili ai tipi di esperimenti scientifici sulla vita iw: לא רע, מה? נמשיך, בקי, את היית אחת מהשופטים, מה גרם למנצחים לבלוט מבין כל האחרים? פארקר: למעשה, שלושה גורמים. חשבנו שהם ניצלו בדרך מקורית מאוד את ההזדמנויות של שהייה במיקרוגרביטציה. הם כללו בסיס מדעי קפדני. הם הציגו מתודה מדעית טובה מאוד. והם גם כל כך נלהבים. הם יהיו מדענים מבריקים בעתיד, אז הם בלטו כמועמדים נהדרים. ניי: סטפני, מדובר באנשים צעירים, האם הניסויים האלה ראויים להתבצע בחלל? כלומר, האם הם טובים כמו ניסויים אחרים בתחנת החלל הבינלאומית? קאנטרימן: כן, הם מאוד דומים לסוג הניסויים במדעי החיים English: Hey, this isn't bad, huh? So, right away, Becky, you were one of the judges. What was it about the winners that made them stand out? Parker: Well, three things, really. If you think they've really exploited in an original way the opportunities for being in micro-gravity. There's a lot of really rigorous science there. They've shown some really good scientific method. And also they're just so enthusiastic. They're going to be brilliant scientists for the future, so they stood out as fantastic entrants. Nye: So, Stefanie, these are young people and so on, but are these experiments worthy of space? I mean, are they just as good as other experiments on the International Space Station? Countryman: Yes, they are very similar to the types of life science experiments German: Nicht übel, oder? So, gleich zur Sache. Becky, Sie waren Mitglied der Jury. Wodurch genau konnten sich die Gewinner auszeichnen? Eigentlich waren es drei Faktoren. Sie haben ernsthaft und auf originelle Weise die Möglichkeiten der Mikrogravitation untersucht. Dabei geht es um wirklich präzise Wissenschaft. Sie haben sehr gute Forschungsmethoden entwickelt. Und sie sind voller Enthusiasmus. Sie werden später sehr gute Wissenschaftler sein, denn als Bewerber haben sie sich wirklich ausgezeichnet. Das sind ja noch ganz junge Leute. Waren diese Experimente für den Weltraum geeignet? Waren sie wirklich so gut wie andere Experimente, die auf der ISS durchgeführt werden? Ja, sie ähneln den biowissenschaftlichen Experimenten, Spanish: Hey, esto no está nada mal, ¿eh? Entonces, ahora mismo, Becky, fuiste una de los jueces. ¿Qué fue lo que hizo que los ganadores se destacaran? Parker: Bueno, tres cosas, en realidad. Si lo piensas, realmente han aprovechado de manera original las oportunidades para estar en la microgravedad. Hay mucha ciencia realmente rigurosa allí. Han demostrado algún método científico verdaderamente bueno. Y además, muestran tanto entusiasmo. Van a ser científicos brillantes en el futuro, así que se destacaron como participantes fantásticos. Nye: Así que, Stefanie, estas personas son jóvenes, ¿pero estos experimentos merecen estar en el espacio? Quiero decir, ¿son tan buenos como otros experimentos en la Estación Espacial Internacional? Countryman: Sí, son muy similares a los tipos de experimentos de ciencias de la vida French: Pas mal, hein ? Nous retrouvons Becky, l'une de nos juges. Qu'est-ce qui fait que nos gagnants ont été sélectionnés ? Eh bien, trois choses. Premièrement, ils ont choisi une expérience qui utilise la microgravité de façon originale. Cela nécessite beaucoup de connaissances. Ensuite, ils ont fait preuve d'une bonne méthode scientifique. Et puis, ils ont manifesté beaucoup d'enthousiasme. Ils deviendront de grands scientifiques. C'est pour ça que nous les avons choisis. Stefanie, ils sont jeunes, certes, mais ces projets sont-ils réellement dignes de la NASA ? Sont-ils du même niveau que les autres expériences réalisées sur la Station spatiale internationale ? Elles sont très similaires aux expériences en sciences de la vie Spanish: No está mal, ¿verdad? Bueno, rápidamente, Becky, tú has sido miembro del jurado. ¿Qué tenían los ganadores para destacar del resto? Parker: En realidad, tres cosas. Si lo piensas, han aprovechado realmente y de forma original las oportunidades de estar en microgravedad. Eso implica un gran rigor científico. Han hecho un muy buen uso de algunos métodos científicos. Y, además, tienen mucho entusiasmo. Se van a convertir en unos brillantes futuros científicos. Por ello, su fantástica participación en el concurso ha destacado del resto. Nye: Bueno, Stefanie, estos chicos son gente joven, etcétera, pero, ¿sus experimentos merecen realizarse en el espacio? Quiero decir, ¿son tan buenos como otros experimentos de la Estación Espacial Internacional? Countryman: Sí, son muy similares a los tipos de experimentos de ciencias de la vida Russian: Неплохо, а? И сразу вопрос к вам, Бекки, как к члену жюри. По каким критериям вы определяли победителей? ПАРКЕР. Мы учитывали три фактора. Мы смотрели, насколько оригинальным было предложенное авторами исследование в условиях невесомости. Речь ведь идет о настоящей серьезной науке. Также мы принимали во внимание обоснованность применяемых методов. Ну и конечно, энтузиазм. В будущем эти ребята смогут стать блестящими учеными, поэтому мы остановили свой выбор на них. НАЙ. Стефани, наши победители молоды, но достойны ли их эксперименты проведения на орбите? Можно ли их ставить в один ряд с другими экспериментами, которые выполняются на МКС? КАНТРИМЭН. Разумеется! Они очень похожи на биологические опыты, Arabic: الغرفة ليست سيئة، أليس كذلك؟ إذن، في الحال، بيكي، أنتِ كنتِ أحد الحكام. ما الذي جعل هؤلاء الفائزين يتميزون عن غيرهم؟ باركر: حسنًا، ثلاثة أمور في الواقع. فهم حقًا استغلوا فرص التواجد في بيئة ذات جاذبية متناهية الصغر بطريقة مبتكرة. وهناك حقًا الكثير من العلم الغزير. لقد عرضوا تجاربهم بأسلوب علمي جيد. هم كذلك متحمسون للغاية. وسيصبحون علماء متقدي الذكاء في المستقبل، بالتالي تميز هؤلاء المشاركون الرائعون عن غيرهم. ناي: ستيفاني، هؤلاء هم شباب كما نعلم، لكن هل هذه التجارب جديرة بتنفيذها في الفضاء؟ أقصد، هل هي بالجودة ذاتها كالتجارب الأخرى التي يتم إجراؤها في محطة الفضاء الدولية (ISS)؟ كانتريمان: نعم، هي تشبه للغاية أنواع التجارب العلمية المتعلقة بالحياة Portuguese: Nada mal, hein? Então, Becky, você foi uma jurada. O que diferenciou os experimentos vencedores? Parker: Bem, foram três coisas. Se eles exploraram de forma original as oportunidades de estar na microgravidade Há aspectos muito rigorosos da ciência. Eles demonstraram métodos científicos muito bons. E também estavam muito animados. Serão cientistas brilhantes no futuro, porque se destacaram com projetos fantásticos. Nye: Stefanie, estes são jovens cientistas, mas os experimentos são válidos testar no espaço? São tão bons quanto os outros experimentos na Estação Espacial Internacional? Countryman: Sim, são muito similares aos experimentos científicos Japanese: 悪くなかったろ？ さてベッキー、君は審査員の1人だったよね 彼らの実験が優勝した要因は何だろう？ パーカー: 3つの点に集約されます 無重力という珍しい機会を オリジナリティあふれる方法で活用していました 無重力には厳密な科学があります 彼らは、本当に科学的な手法を見せてくれました さらに、情熱を感じました きっと将来は有望な科学者になるでしょう これが今回の勝因です ナイ: ステファニー、彼らは若いけど これらの実験は宇宙でやる価値はあるのかな？ つまり、他の実験と同じようにISSで 実施するような優れた実験かな？ カントリーマン: はい、彼らの実験は 私たちがISSで実施している Chinese: 還不賴吧？ 現在，Becky 您是評審團的一員 優勝者有哪些讓他們脫穎而出的特點？ 有三項特點 你可別以為他們 是以原始的方式 利用微重力環境中的實驗機會 其實其中的科學概念相當嚴謹 他們展現了十分出色的科學想法 而且也充滿熱誠 他們以後一定會成為 非常亮眼的科學家 所以才會從出色的參賽者中 脫穎而出 Stefanie，所以這些年輕人很厲害 但他們的實驗 是否具有適合太空的價值？ 這些實驗跟國際太空站上的 其他實驗一樣優秀嗎？ 沒錯，這些實驗 與我們在太空站上進行的 生命科學實驗 Czech: Pěkné, že? Takže, Becky, vy jste byla jedním z porotců. Co bylo na našich vítězích výjimečného? Parkerová: Tři věci. Velmi dobře a originálním způsobem využili možností pobytu v mikrogravitaci. Je v tom pořádný kus skutečné vědy. Předvedli správné použití vědecké metody. A také jsou velmi zapálení. V budoucnu z nich budou skvělí vědci, takže se ukázali jako vhodní kandidáti. Nye: Stefanie, jsou to velmi mladí lidé, jsou jejich experimenty vhodné do vesmíru? Chci říct, jsou stejně dobré jako ostatní pokusy na Mezinárodní vesmírné stanici? Countrymanová: Ano, jsou velmi podobné přírodovědným experimentům, Dutch: Dit is mooi, hè? Laten we meteen beginnen. Becky, jij was een van de juryleden. Wat hadden de winnaars waardoor ze opvielen? Parker: Er waren drie dingen. Ik denk dat ze heel origineel gebruik hebben gemaakt van de mogelijkheden van microzwaartekracht. Er is ook veel degelijke wetenschap mee gemoeid. Ze hebben een goede wetenschappelijke aanpak laten zien. En ze zijn heel enthousiast. Ze worden de briljante wetenschappers van de toekomst, dus vielen ze op als fantastische deelnemers. Nye: Stefanie, dit zijn dan wel jonge mensen, maar zijn deze experimenten de ruimtereis waard? Zijn ze net zo goed als andere experimenten in het internationale ruimtestation? Countryman: Ja, ze lijken erg op het soort wetenschappelijke experimenten Korean: 어때요? 나쁘지 않죠? 바로 시작할까요, Becky씨, 당신은 심사위원 중 하나였죠. 우승자들이 부각된 이유가 무엇이었나요? 세 가지였어요. 극미 중력의 기회를 잘 활용할 수 있는 독창적인 방식을 고안했어요. 또 실험에 엄중한 과학적 내용이 가득했고요. 정말 훌륭한 과학적 방법을 보여주었어요. 너무나 열정적이기도 했고요. 미래에 뛰어난 과학자가 될거에요. 훌륭한 출전자로 눈에 띄었어요. 그렇군요, Stefanie씨. 이 친구들은 나이가 어린데요. 그렇다면 이 실험이 우주에서 실험할 가치가 있나요? 제 말은, 국제 우주 정거장에서 실행하는 실험만큼 좋은가요? 네, 이 실험들은 우리가 우주 정거장에서 실험하는 것과 매우 유사한 Polish: Nie jest źle, co? Zaczynajmy. Becky, byłaś jednym z jurorów. Czym wyróżnili się zwycięzcy? Parker: Trzema rzeczami. Naprawdę oryginalnie wykorzystali możliwość przeprowadzenia badań w mikrograwitacji. Wykazali się ambitnym podejściem do nauki. Zastosowali odpowiednie metody naukowe. Oprócz tego byli pełni entuzjazmu. W przyszłości zostaną wybitnymi naukowcami, więc fantastycznie wyróżniali się wśród uczestników. Nye: Stefanie, to są młodzi ludzie, ale czy te eksperymenty warto przeprowadzać? Czy są równie dobre jak pozostałe na Międzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej? Countryman: Tak, są podobne do różnych eksperymentów biologicznych, Spanish: que llevamos a cabo arriba en la estación espacial. Además, todos ellos tienen una base científica para realizarse en un entorno de microgravedad, por lo que son muy típicos y muy merecedores de realizarse en el espacio. Nye: Eso es genial. Bueno, chicos, tenemos que dejarlo aquí porque por lo que veo la Estación Espacial Internacional está cruzando la órbita de nuestro satélite de comunicaciones. Y, es cierto que no soy astronauta, aunque solicité la candidatura, pero, al menos, puedo decir que tenemos un portátil tan fantástico como el que ellos tienen. Bien, veamos el Centro de Control de Misiones de la NASA para conectar con la estación espacial. Bueno, chicos, observad a esas personas. Están en el Centro de Control de Misiones. [risas] Y, por lo que imagino, están controlando la misión, por lo que están muy concentrados. Observad cómo están ahí sentados tranquilamente. La ISS viaja a 28.000... A 10 kilómetros por segundo. "Sí, vale, lo que sea". 8 kilómetros por segundo, es decir, 10 veces la velocidad de una bala iw: שאנחנו מבצעים בתחנת החלל, ולכולם היה בסיס מדעי שהצדיק את ביצועם בסביבת מיקרוגרביטציה, אז הם מאוד טיפוסיים ומאוד ראויים לביצוע בחלל. ניי: זה נהדר. אנחנו צריכים לעצור כאן, כי אני יכול לראות שתחנת החלל הבינלאומית בדיוק חוצה את המסלול של לוויין התקשורת שלנו. ולמרות שאני לא אסטרונאוט, אם כי ניסיתי להתקבל, אני יכול לומר שלפחות יש לנו מחשב נייד לא פחות מגניב מהמחשב שלהם, אז בואו נעבור לחדר הבקרה של NASA ונתחבר לתחנת החלל. תראו את האנשים האלה. הם נמצאים בחדר הבקרה. [צחוק] ואני מניח שהם מבצעים בקרה על המשימה, פעולה שדורשת חשיבה מאומצת - תסתכלו, הם פשוט יושבים שם בנונשלנטיות החללית נוסעת בקצב של 28,000 קמ"ש 10 ק"מ בשניה. "נו, טוב, שיהיה". 8 ק"מ בשניה, פי עשרה ממהירות של קליע, Chinese: 類型十分相似 這些實驗都具備 可在微重力環境中進行的科學基礎 因此是非常典型 也非常適合在太空中進行的實驗 太棒了 各位，我們要先告一段落 因為我可以看見 國際太空站正在穿越 通訊衛星的軌道 雖然我不是太空人... 我曾經申請加入... 但我至少能說 我們的筆電 跟太空人的筆電 一樣棒 我們與 NASA 任務控管中心連線 與太空站取得聯繫吧 各位，看看這群人 他們待的地方就是任務控管中心 [笑聲] 我猜他們正在控管任務 正在沉思... 你看，他們就這樣 若無其事坐在那裡 已經 28,000... 已經達到每秒速度 10 公里了 「對耶，隨便啦」 每秒 8 公里 是子彈速度的十倍快 Czech: které na stanici provádíme. A mají správné vědecké základy pro provedení v prostředí mikrogravitace, takže jsou naprosto patřičné a velmi vhodné do vesmíru. Nye: Výborně. Tady se budeme muset zastavit, protože vidím, že Mezinárodní vesmírná stanice právě zkřížila dráhu s naším komunikačním satelitem. A přestože nejsem astronaut – – i když jsem se hlásil –, tak tu máme alespoň laptop, který je stejně skvělý, jako počítače tam nahoře. Takže vzhůru do řídicího střediska NASA, kde nás spojí s vesmírnou stanicí. Podívejte se na ně. Řídicí středisko. [smích] Co tam asi dělají? No, řídí misi. Takže se musejí opravdu – – koukejte, jak si tam jen tak sedí. Ta věc letí 28 000 – – letí rychlostí 10 kilometrů za sekundu. „To je toho!“ Osm kilometrů za sekundu, desetkrát rychleji než kulka German: die auf der Raumstation stattfinden, sehr stark. Und sie alle sahen als wissenschaftliche Grundlage die Durchführung in einem Mikrogravitationsumfeld vor, sind also vergleichbar und durchaus geeignet, im Weltraum durchgeführt zu werden. Das ist toll. Sorry, Leute, aber hier müssen wir unterbrechen, denn wie ich sehe, tritt die ISS genau jetzt in den Orbit unseres Kommunikationssatelliten ein. Ich bin zwar kein Astronaut, auch wenn ich mich beworben hatte, aber unsere Laptops hier sind genauso cool wie diejenigen da oben. Wechseln wir also zum NASA-Kontrollzentrum und lassen uns mit der Raumstation verbinden. Du meine Güte, seht euch diese Leute an. Die sind im Kontrollzentrum. Und ich nehme an, sie kontrollieren die Mission. Also sind sie tief in Geda... Hey, die sitzen da einfach rum. Das Ding fliegt mit 10 km/Sek. am Himmel rum, und die sagen: "Was soll's?" 10 Mal schneller als eine Gewehrkugel. Spanish: que realizamos en la estación espacial. Y todos tenían una base científica para ser realizados en un ambiente de microgravedad, así que son muy peculiares y realmente vale la pena realizarlos en el espacio. Nye: Es fantástico. Bueno, tendremos que dejarlo aquí mismo, porque puedo ver que la Estación Espacial Internacional está cruzando la órbita de nuestro satélite de comunicaciones. Y aunque no soy un astronauta... Lo intenté... pero puedo decir, al menos, que tenemos una laptop tan moderna como la que ellos tienen, así que vayamos al Control de Misión de la NASA para comunicarnos con la estación espacial. Miren a estas personas. Están en Control de Misión. [risas] Y presumo que están haciendo, ¿qué cosa?, controlando la misión. Así que están pensando profundamente... mírenlos, están allí sentados despreocupadamente. La cosa está viajando a 28.000... a 10 kilómetros por segundo. "Sí, claro, como sea". 8 kilómetros por segundo, diez veces más rápido que una bala, Dutch: dat we in het ruimtestation uitvoeren. En ze hadden allemaal een wetenschappelijke basis omdat ze worden uitgevoerd onder microzwaartekracht, dus het zijn heel typische experimenten en het zeker waard om in de ruimte te worden uitgevoerd. Nye: Prachtig. We moeten nu meteen verder, want ik zie dat het ISS nu net de baan kruist van onze communicatiesatelliet. En hoewel ik geen astronaut ben, al had ik me wel aangemeld, kan ik ten minste wel zeggen dat we een laptop hebben die net zo cool is als degene die ze daar hebben, dus laten we naar het missiecontrolecentrum van de NASA gaan en verbinding maken met het ruimtestation. Kijk eens naar deze mensen. Ze zitten in het missiecontrolecentrum. [gelach] Ik neem aan dat ze de missie aan het besturen zijn. Dus ze zijn diep aan het nadenken... kijk, ze zitten daar gewoon. Dat ding gaat 28.000... het gaat 10 kilometer per seconde. 'O, ach ja, nou en.' 8 kilometer per seconde, tien keer zo snel als een kogel, Japanese: ライフサイエンスの実験と同じで 無重力で実施するということに 科学的な根拠があって 非常に典型的な 宇宙実験として適切なものです ナイ: それはよかった さて、そろそろ話を切り上げないと なぜならそろそろ ISSが通信衛星の軌道を 横切る頃だ 僕は宇宙飛行士ではないけど 応募はしたんだけどね 彼らと同じようなノートPCが ここにある NASAの管制室を呼び出して ISSとつないでもらおう 彼らを見てごらん あれが管制室だよ [笑] ミッションを管理しているんだ いろいろと熟考して... なんて平然と座っているんだ！ 時速2万8千キロ 毎秒10キロだよ 何というか 毎秒8キロメートル 弾丸の10倍の速さ Arabic: التي نجريها في محطة الفضاء. واستندت جميعها إلى أساس علمي ليتم تنفيذها في بيئة ذات جاذبية متناهية الصغر، وبالتالي فهي نمطية للغاية وتستحق عن جدارة تنفيذها في الفضاء. ناي: هذا رائع. أيها الشباب، نحن مضطرون للتوقف هنا، لأنني أستطيع أن أرى محطة الفضاء الدولية (ISS) تعبر الآن مدار اتصالات القمر الصناعي. ورغم أنني لست رائد فضاء-- لقد تقدمت لهذه الوظيفة-- لكن يمكنني أن أقول، على الأقل، أننا نمتلك كمبيوتر محمولاً في نفس روعة الكمبيوتر الذي يستخدمونه، لذا لننطلق إلى وحدة مراقبة البعثات بوكالة ناسا ونتصل بالمحطة الفضائية. إذن أيها الشباب، انظروا إلى هؤلاء الأشخاص. إنهم في وحدة مراقبة البعثات. [ضحك] وعلى ما أعتقد أنهم، يراقبون البعثة. لذا أعتقد أنهم مستغرقون في التفكير-- انظروا إليهم، فهم يجلسون هناك بعدم اكتراث. المحطة تنطلق بسرعة 28 ألف-- تنطلق بسرعة 10 كيلو مترات في الثانية. "أوه، نعم، على أية حال." 8 كيلو مترات في الثانية، تزيد عن سرعة الرصاصة بعشرة مرات، Russian: которые мы осуществляем на космической станции. Проведение этих экспериментов в условиях микрогравитации обосновано с научной точки зрения. Так что это – стандартная исследовательская работа, которая протекает на орбите. НАЙ. Отлично! Здесь мы должны прерваться, потому что я вижу, что Международная космическая станция как раз пересекает орбиту наших спутников связи. И хотя я не астронавт… Я хотел им стать… Но по крайней мере, наш ноутбук ничем не хуже их ноутбука, так что давайте перейдем в наш Центр управления полетом в НАСА и свяжемся с космической станцией. Нет, вы только посмотрите на них! И это Центр управления полетом! [смех] И эти люди держат руку на пульсе корабля! О чем они там думают? Посмотрите! Сама беззаботность и беспечность! Эта штука летит со скоростью 28 000… 8 километров в секунду. "Да? Ну и хорошо!" 8 километров в секунду, в 10 раз быстрее пули! Korean: 생명 과학 실험이에요. 그리고 극미 중력 환경에서 수행하기 위한 과학적 근거가 있었고요. 그러니까 대단히 전형적이고 우주에서 수행할 만한 가치가 있는 실험이죠. 대단하군요. 네, 여러분, 여기서 멈춰야겠네요. 왜냐하면 국제 우주 정거장이 이제 막 우리 통신 위성의 궤도를 지나가고 있거든요. 저는 우주비행사가 아니지만 신청은 했었지만요. 적어도 우리에게는 우주비행사의 노트북만큼이나 멋진 노트북이 있어요. 자, NASA 관제 센터로 가서 우주 정거장에 연결해 봅시다. 여러분, 이 분들을 보세요. 관제 센터에 있습니다. [웃음] 이 사람들은 음, 센터에서 관제 업무를 보고 있는 것 같군요. 깊은 생각에 잠겨 있는 듯... 그냥 무심하게 앉아 있네요. 우주선이 28,000, 그러니까 초당 10킬로미터로 움직이고 있는데 "뭐, 어쨌거나." 초당 8킬로미터, 총알보다 10배 빠른 속도, French: que nous réalisons à bord de la station. Elles avaient chacune une valeur scientifique qui justifiait un environnement en microgravité. Il était donc tout à fait justifié qu'elles soient menées dans l'espace. C'est super. Nous devons nous arrêter là, car je peux voir que… la Station spatiale internationale vient de croiser l'orbite de notre satellite de communications. Je ne suis pas astronaute… J'ai essayé pourtant… Mais je peux vous dire une chose, notre ordinateur portable est aussi bien que le leur ! Allons voir la salle de contrôle de la NASA pour communiquer avec la Station spatiale internationale. Regardez-les ! Ils sont dans la salle de contrôle ! [rires] Ils doivent contrôler la mission… Ils sont en pleine réflexion… Ils sont assis nonchalamment, alors que la station va à 28 000… à 10 km par seconde ! "Ouais, ouais, c'est ça…" 8 km par seconde, c'est 10 fois plus rapide qu'une balle ! Polish: które przeprowadzamy na stacji kosmicznej. Mają potrzebne podstawy naukowe, by przeprowadzić je w środowisku mikrograwitacji, więc są dość typowe i na pewno warto zrobić je w kosmosie. Nye: Świetnie. Moi drodzy, musimy zmienić temat, bo widzę, że Międzynarodowa Stacja Kosmiczna właśnie przecina orbitę naszego satelity komunikacyjnego. Chociaż nie jestem astronautą – kiedyś się zgłosiłem – to stwierdzam, że przynajmniej mamy równie fajnego laptopa jak oni. Za chwilę przez Centrum Kontroli Misji NASA połączymy się ze stacją kosmiczną. Popatrzcie na tych ludzi. Są w Centrum Kontroli Misji. Sądzę, że kontrolują teraz misję. Pewnie intensywnie myślą... Patrzcie, po prostu siedzą sobie na luzie. Stacja leci 28 000... leci 10 km na sekundę. „Och, skoro tak mówisz”. 8 km na sekundę, 10 razy szybciej niż pocisk, Italian: che conduciamo sulla stazione spaziale. E avevano tutti una base scientifica per essere condotti in un ambiente in microgravità, quindi sono molto caratteristici e assolutamente degni di essere condotti nello spazio. Nye: È fantastico. Già, ragazzi, dobbiamo fermarci qui perché vedo che la Stazione Spaziale Internazionale sta attraversando l'orbita del nostro satellite di comunicazione. E anche se non sono un astronauta... Ho fatto domanda... ma posso dire che almeno abbiamo un computer portatile potente come quello che hanno loro, quindi colleghiamoci con la sala di controllo della NASA e con la stazione spaziale. Bene ragazzi, guardate quelle persone. Sono nella sala di controllo. [risata] E presumo che stiano controllando la missione. Quindi si stanno scervellando per... Guardate, stanno seduti lì con nonchalance. Quell'aggeggio va a 28.000... sta andando a 10 chilometri al secondo. "Oh, già, è così". 8 chilometri al secondo, dieci volte più veloce di un proiettile, English: that we do up on the space station. And they all had a scientific basis for being conducted in a micro-gravity environment, so they're very typical and very worthy of being conducted in space. Nye: That's great. Yeah, you guys, we've got to leave it right there, because I can see that the International Space Station is just crossing the orbit of our communications satellite. And although I am not an astronaut-- I applied-- but I can say, at least, we have a laptop that's just as cool as the one that they have, so let's go over to NASA Mission Control and link up with the space station. So, you guys, look at these people. They're at Mission Control. [laughter] And I presume they are doing, what, controlling the mission. So they're thinking deep t-- look at, they're just sitting there nonchalantly. The thing's going 28,000-- it's going 10 kilometers a second. "Oh, yeah, whatever." 8 kilometers a second, ten times as fast as a bullet, Portuguese: que temos na estação espacial. E eles tinham uma base científica para serem conduzidos em ambiente de microgravidade, então são bastante válidos e dignos de serem realizados no espaço. Nye: Excelente. Pessoal, precisamos acabar por aqui porque posso ver que a EEI está cruzando a órbita de nosso satélite de comunicação. E mesmo não sendo astronauta, eu tentei, posso dizer que temos um laptop tão legal quanto o que eles têm. Vamos então ao Controle da Missão da NASA para nos comunicarmos com a estação espacial. Vejam essas pessoas. Elas estão no Controle da Missão. [risos] Imagino que estejam controlando a missão. Estão pensando seriamente... Vejam, estão sentados de forma relaxada. A nave está viajando a 28 mil... viajando a dez quilômetros por segundo. "Ah, grande coisa!" Oito quilômetros por segundo, dez vezes mais rápido que uma bala, Japanese: そう言われても感心するだけ そして... [無線の音] つながったようだ ヒューストン？ ヒューストン、こちらロンドンのビルです 聞こえますか？ 女性の声: ヒューストン・ステーション2 準備ができました YouTubeスペースラボ、こちらヒューストン 音声チェックの呼び出しをお願いします ナイ: ステーション、聞こえますか？ ロンドンのYouTube本社のビル・ナイです 聞こえますか？ サニー？ ウィリアムズ: 聞こえますよ こちら国際宇宙ステーションです ナイ: よかった ウィリアムズ: サイエンス・ガイの ビル・ナイさん、元気ですか？ ナイ: 元気です そちらも元気そうですね 本当に宇宙ステーションからの 映像だと証明してくれますか？ セットの中で透明なワイヤーに 吊されているのではないですね？ その髪の毛を見るだけでも 本当だとわかります [笑] [不明瞭な無線の声] 良いです すばらしい ウィリアムズ: 髪の毛をワイヤーで吊してるのなら iw: והם רגועים לגמרי. אז... [דיבור לא מזוהה ברדיו] אני חושב שהתחברנו. יוסטון? זה ביל בלונדון. אתם יכולים לשמוע אותנו? אישה: תחנת יוסטון בקו שתיים. אנחנו מוכנים לאירוע. מעבדת החלל של YouTube, כאן יוסטון. אנא התקשרו לתחנה לבדיקת שמע. ניי: שומעים אותנו בתחנה? זה ביל ניי מהמשרדים הראשיים של YouTube בלונדון. אתם שומעים אותנו? אה, סאני - וויליאמס: אנחנו שומעים אתכם היטב כאן בתחנת החלל הבינלאומית. ניי: או, נהדר. וויליאמס: מה שלומך, ביל ניי איש המדע? ניי: שלומנו מצוין. את נראית נהדר. זה מאוד מרגש, כי - תוכלי רק לאשר לנו שאת באמת נמצאת בתחנת החלל? שאת לא מרחפת באמצעות חוטים מוסתרים בארון איפה שהוא. אבל בעצם השיער שלך לבדו מסגיר את זה. [צחוק] [דיבור לא מזוהה ברדיו] כן, זה לא רע. לא רע. וויליאמס: היו צריכים הרבה חוטים English: and we're just, "Yeah, mm-hmm." And so... [indistinct radio chatter] I think we got it right here. Uh, Houston? Houston, it's Bill in London. Can you hear us? woman: Houston station on two. We're ready for the event. YouTube Space Lab, this is Houston. Please call station for a voice check. Nye: So, station, can you read us? This is Bill Nye at the YouTube headquarters in London. Do you hear us? Uh, Sunny-- Williams: We've got you loud in here on the International Space Station. Nye: Oh, that's great. Williams: How you doing, Bill Nye the Science Guy? Nye: Uh, we're fabulous. You're looking great. It's very exciting 'cause-- Can you just reassure us, you know, that you really are in the space station? You're not suspended by hidden wires in a closet someplace. Uh, maybe your hair alone kind of gives it away. [laughter] [indistinct radio chatter] Yeah, it's pretty good. It's pretty good. Williams: There would be a lot of wires Polish: a oni na to „Tak, mhm”. Dlatego... Chyba mamy połączenie. Houston? Houston, tu Bill z Londynu. Czy nas słyszycie? Kobieta: Stacja Houston na dwójce. Jesteśmy gotowi na wydarzenie. YouTube Space Lab, tu Houston. Wywołajcie stację, by sprawdzić łączność głosową. Nye: Stacja, czy nas słyszycie? Tu Bill Nye z siedziby YouTube w Londynie. Czy nas słyszycie? Williams: Słyszymy was głośno na Międzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej. Nye: To wspaniale. Williams: Jak się macie? Nye: Doskonale. Wyglądasz świetnie. Wszyscy się cieszymy... Czy możesz potwierdzić, że naprawdę jesteś na stacji kosmicznej? Nie wisisz na ukrytych linkach w jakimś kontenerze? Właściwie widać to po twoich włosach. Wygląda to nieźle, naprawdę nieźle. Williams: Dla takiego efektu Chinese: 而他們只會說，「對耶，嗯嗯」 所以... [模糊的無線電雜音] 我想我們連上線了 休士頓嗎？ 我是位在倫敦的 Bill 您收得到嗎？ 休士頓太空站收到 我們準備進行活動 YouTube 太空實驗室 這裡是休士頓 請呼叫太空站取得語音答覆 太空站，你們收到訊號了嗎？ 我是 Bill Nye 我在倫敦的 YouTube 總部 您收得到嗎？ - 呃，Sunny... - 國際太空站上 收到的訊號很清楚 啊，太棒了 科學狂人 Bill Nye 近來可好？ 我們都很好 你看起來真棒 真令人興奮，因為... 你可以安慰我們沒關係 但你現在真的在國際太空站上嗎？ 你不是懸掛在衣櫥裡的隱藏線繩上吧 啊，你的頭髮說明一切了 [笑聲] [模糊的無線電雜音] 太棒了 如果真是用線繩綁住的話 Korean: 그래도 우린 그냥, "뭐,.. 음..." 그러니까... [뚜렷하지 않은 라디오 소리] 자, 이제 연결된 것 같군요. 휴스턴? 휴스턴, 런던의 Bill입니다. 들리나요? 2번에 휴스턴 정거장입니다. 이벤트 준비가 되었습니다. YouTube 우주 실험실, 여기는 휴스턴입니다. 음성 확인을 위해 정거장을 호출하세요. 정거장, 들리십니까? 여기는 런던의 YouTube 본사에 있는 Bill Nye입니다. 들리십니까? Sunny씨. 국제 우주 정거장입니다. 당신 소리가 여기서 아주 잘 들려요. 훌륭해요. 안녕하세요, 사이언스 가이, Bill Nye씨? 아주 좋아요. 좋아 보이네요. 정말 신나요. 우리에게 당신이 실제로 우주 정거장에 있다는 사실을 다시 확인해 주시겠습니까? 혹시 벽장 어딘가에 숨겨진 줄에 매달려 있는 것은 아니시죠. 머리카락만이 진실을 밝혀주네요. [웃음] [뚜렷하지 않은 라디오 소리] 네, 아주 좋아요. 제 머리카락을 위로 Portuguese: e eles não estão nem aí. Então... [conversa no rádio inaudível] Acho que conseguimos. Houston? É Bill, de Londres. Conseguem nos ouvir? mulher: Estação Houston em dois. Estamos prontos para o evento. Laboratório espacial do YouTube, aqui é Houston. Chamar a estação para verificação de voz. Nye: Estação, conseguem nos ouvir? Sou Bill Nye na sede do YouTube em Londres. Vocês nos ouvem? Williams: Estamos ouvindo você aqui na Estação Espacial Internacional. Nye: Maravilha. Williams: Como vai, Bill Nye, o homem-ciência? Nye: Excelente. Você está ótima. É muito empolgante. Você pode confirmar para nós que está de fato na estação espacial e não está suspensa por fios em uma sala qualquer? Acho que seu cabelo já diz tudo. [risos] [conversa de rádio inaudível] Sim, está ótimo. Williams: Precisaria de muitos fios Spanish: y están tan tranquilos. Así, sin más... [hablando por radio de forma ininteligible] Creo que acabamos de conectar. ¿Houston? Houston, al habla Bill, desde Londres. ¿Podéis oírnos? Mujer: Estación de Houston en el 2. Estamos listos para el evento. YouTube Space Lab, Houston al habla. Llame a la estación para realizar una comprobación de voz. Nye: Houston, ¿nos recibes? Al habla Bill Nye desde la sede de YouTube en Londres. ¿Podéis oírnos? Oh, Sunny... Williams: Te oímos alto y claro aquí en la Estación Espacial Internacional. Nye: Oh, eso es genial. Williams: ¿Qué tal estás, Bill Nye, el tipo de las ciencias? Nye: Pues, estamos de maravilla. Se te ve genial. Esto es muy emocionante porque... ¿Puedes garantizarnos que realmente estás en la estación espacial y que no estás suspendida en el aire por cables ocultos en un armario en alguna parte? Aunque creo que tu pelo lo dice todo. [risas] [hablando por radio de forma ininteligible] Sí, es genial. Está bastante bien. Williams: Tendría un montón de cables Arabic: ونحن فقط "نعم، اممم-همم." وإذن... [محادثة لا سلكية غير واضحة] أعتقد أننا التقطنا الإشارة. هيوستن؟ هيوستن، هنا بيل من لندن. هل يمكنك أن تسمعينا؟ سيدة: محطة هيوستن على القناة اثنين. نحن مستعدون للحدث. معمل فضاء YouTube، هنا هيوستن. الرجاء الاتصال بالمحطة لفحص الصوت. ناي: المحطة، هل يمكنك أن تسمعينا؟ هنا بيل ناي من مقرات YouTube في لندن. هل تسمعينا؟ آه، ساني-- ويليامز: نسمعك بوضوح هنا في محطة الفضاء الدولية (ISS) ناي: أوه، هذا رائع. ويليامز: كيف حالك، بيل ناي خبير العلوم؟ ناي: آه، نحن بخير حال. وأنت تبدين رائعة. الأمر مثير جدًا لأن-- هل يمكنك أن تؤكدي لنا، أنكِ حقًا في محطة الفضاء؟ وأنكِ لست معلقة بواسطة أسلاك خفية في خزانة بمكان ما. آه، ربما شعرك وحده يكشف لنا عن حقيقة الأمر. [ضحك] [محادثات لاسلكية غير واضحة] نعم، يبدو حسنًا. يبدو حسنًا. ويليامز: إذا كان ذلك صحيحًا، Russian: А они: "Да, гм-мм". Итак… [неразборчивый радиообмен] Похоже, связь есть. Хьюстон? Хьюстон, это Билл из Лондона. Как слышите нас? ЖЕНСКИЙ ГОЛОС. Станция в Хьюстоне. Мы готовы. Космическая лаборатория YouTube, Хьюстон на связи. Проверка связи, ответьте станции. НАЙ. Станция, как слышите нас? Это Билл Най из офиса YouTube в Лондоне. Слышите нас? Суни… УИЛЬЯМС. Это МКС. Слышим вас хорошо. НАЙ. Отлично! УИЛЬЯМС. Как поживаете, Билл "Ботаник" Най? НАЙ. Великолепно! Вы выглядите отлично. Очень любопытно, потому что… А вы можете доказать нам, что действительно находитесь на станции? А не подвешены на невидимых нитях в каком-то чулане? Потому что вас выдает только ваша прическа. [смех] [неразборчивый радиообмен] Красивая прическа! Красивая. УИЛЬЯМС. Да, в таком случае Italian: e noi ci limitiamo a un "Già, mh-mh". E dunque... [comunicazione radio indistinta] Penso che ci siamo. Uh, Houston? Houston, sono Bill da Londra. Ci sentite? donna: Stazione di Houston sulla due. Siamo pronti per l'evento. YouTube Space Lab, qui è Houston. Chiamate la stazione per un check della voce. Nye: Bene, stazione, ci sentite? Qui è Bill Nye dal quartier generale di YouTube a Londra. Ci sentite? Uh, Sunny... Williams: Vi sentiamo forte e chiaro sulla Stazione Spaziale Internazionale. Nye: Oh, è fantastico. Williams: Come va Bill Nye, uomo della scienza? Nye: Uh, a meraviglia. Hai un aspetto fantastico. È molto emozionante perché... Puoi garantirci che sei davvero sulla stazione spaziale? Non sei sospesa a dei cavi nascosti in un camerino da qualche parte. Uh, forse bastano i capelli per tradirti. [risata] [comunicazione radio indistinta] Sì, è molto bello. È molto bello. Williams: Ci vorrebbero un sacco di cavi French: Et eux, "Ouais, ouais…" Donc… [discussion radio inintelligible] Ah, ça y est. Houston ? Houston, ici Bill, en direct de Londres. Vous nous entendez ? Ici Houston sur la ligne 2. Nous sommes prêts. YouTube Space Lab, ici Houston. Appelez la station pour un test radio. Allô, la station, vous nous entendez ? Ici, Bill Nye, dans les bureaux YouTube de Londres. Vous nous entendez ? Sunny ? – On vous entend très bien ici, sur la Station spatiale internationale. Super ! Comment allez-vous Bill ? Très bien, merci. Vous avez l'air en forme. Rassurez-nous, vous êtes bien à bord de la station ? Vous n'êtes pas dans un placard suspendue à des fils, n'est-ce pas ? À voir vos cheveux, j'ai déjà ma réponse. [rires] [discussion radio inintelligible] C'est super. Il en faudrait des fils Dutch: en wij hebben zoiets van: 'Ja, oké.' En zo... [onverstaanbare radiocommunicatie] Ik denk dat we precies op tijd zijn. Eh, Houston? Houston, het is Bill, in Londen. Kunnen jullie ons horen? vrouw: Station Houston op twee. We zijn klaar voor het evenement. YouTube Space Lab, dit is Houston. Noem je station voor stemcontrole. Nye: Dus, station, horen jullie ons? Dit is Bill Nye in het YouTube-hoofdkwartier in Londen. Horen jullie ons? Eh, Sunny... Williams: Luid en duidelijk hier in het internationale ruimtestation ISS. Nye: O, mooi. Williams: Hoe is het daar, Bill Nye the Science Guy? Nye: Het gaat prima met ons. Je ziet er geweldig uit. Het is echt spannend, want... Kun je ons even zeker laten weten dat je echt in het ruimtestation bent? Dat je niet ergens in een kast aan onzichtbare draadjes hangt. Maar misschien verraadt je haar het al. [gelach] [onverstaanbare radiocommunicatie] Ja, het ziet er prima uit. Williams: Er zouden wel heel veel draden Spanish: y estamos a punto de, "Sí, mm-hmm". Y entonces... [charla por radio poco clara] Creo que lo tenemos aquí mismo. Houston? Houston, soy Bill desde Londres. ¿Puedes escucharnos? mujer: Estación Houston en dos. Estamos listos para el evento. Laboratorio espacial de YouTube, acá Houston. Llame a la estación para una verificación de voz. Nye: Estación, ¿puede leernos? Soy Bill Nye desde la oficina central de YouTube en Londres. ¿Nos escuchas? Uh, Sunny... Williams: Te escuchamos aquí en la Estación Espacial Internacional. Nye: Fantástico. Williams: ¿Cómo va todo, Bill Nye, el hombre de la ciencia? Nye: Fabuloso. Te ves genial. Es muy emocionante porque... ¿Puedes asegurarnos, tú sabes, que realmente estás en la estación espacial? Que no estás suspendida a través de cables ocultos en un armario de alguna parte. Quizás tu cabello te delate. [risas] [conversación por radio poco clara] Sí, es bastante bueno. Es bastante bueno. Williams: Habría muchos cables Czech: a oni si říkají: „Jasně, klídek.“ Takže... [nesrozumitelný rádiový šum] Myslím, že máme spojení. Houstone? Houstone, tady je Bill z Londýna. Slyšíte nás? žena: Základna Houston na druhém kanálu. Jsme připraveni začít. Studio YouTube Space Lab, tady Houston. Zavolejte stanici kvůli kontrole spojení. Nye: ISS, slyšíme se? Tady je Bill Nye ze studia YouTube v Londýně. Slyšíme se? Sunny – Williamsová: Na Mezinárodní vesmírné stanici vás slyšíme jasně a zřetelně. Nye: Výborně. Williamsová: Jak se má Bill Nye „The Science Guy“? Nye: Máme se skvěle. Vypadáš výborně. Je to vzácná příležitost – Můžeme se jenom ujistit, rozumíš mi, že opravdu jsi na vesmírné stanici? Že nevisíš na nějakých skrytých lankách ze stropu. Ale možná to dokazují už jen tvoje vlasy. [smích] [nesrozumitelný rádiový šum] Takže to mi stačí. Williamsová: Na to by tu muselo být German: Und die sagen: "Tja, nun, hmm." So, ich glaube, wir sind dran. Hallo, Houston? Houston, hier ist Bill aus London. Können Sie uns hören? Houston Station auf 2. Es kann losgehen. YouTube Space Lab, hier ist Houston. Bitte rufen Sie die Station für eine Sprechprobe. Hallo, Station, können Sie uns hören? Hier ist Bill Nye in der YouTube-Zentrale in London. Können Sie uns hören? Oh, Sunny... Wir hören Sie laut und deutlich hier auf der ISS. Das ist super. Wie geht's, Bill Nye, "Science Guy"? Uns geht es fabelhaft. Sie sehen toll aus. Das ist aufregend, weil... Können Sie uns garantieren, dass Sie wirklich gerade in der Raumstation sind und nicht in einer Kulisse an versteckten Fäden hängen? Wobei Ihre Haare schon Beweis genug sind.     Ja, das ist richtig gut. Da würden wir eine Menge Fäden brauchen Russian: для моей прически понадобилось бы очень много нитей. Но я могу вас заверить, что мы в космосе. Полагаю… Я не гимнастка, и в обычной жизни я бы такого сделать не смогла. НАЙ. Здорово, высший класс! [аплодисменты] И все выглядело как в замедленном повторе. УИЛЬЯМС. А здесь у меня этот номер получается на 10 баллов. НАЙ. Молодец! Спасибо, что нашли время… Отлично! И вы приземлились "в доскок". Мы признательны вам за то, что вы уделили нам время. У вас там дел невпроворот. Хочу познакомить вас с гостями, которые пришли к нам в студию. Это победители конкурса "Космическая лаборатория YouTube" – Дороти, Сара и Амир. Всем привет! Привет, привет, привет! Итак, Суни, вы проводили их эксперименты, да? УИЛЬЯМС. Я рада вас видеть, ребята. Я помню нашу встречу в Вашингтоне Spanish: sosteniendo mi cabello hacia arriba ahora mismo si así fuese. Pero les garantizo, estamos en el espacio. No creo que... No soy gimnasta, así que en la vida normal, no creo que pueda hacer esto. Nye: Wow, estupendo, estupendo. [aplauso] Y pudiste hacerlo en cámara lenta. Williams: Acá puedo hacerlo... Acá puedo hacerlo como un 10. Nye: Genial. Bueno, realmente te agradezco que nos dediques... Muy... muy... se adhirió al piso. Te agradezco que nos dediques tiempo de tu itinerario. Allí arriba tienes mucho que hacer. Quiero presentarte a algunas personas que tenemos aquí en la tierra. Tenemos a los ganadores de la competencia del laboratorio espacial de YouTube. Tenemos a Dorothy y Sara, y Amr. Saludos a todos. Saludos, saludos, saludos. Bien, ahora, Sunny, has estado trabajando en sus experimentos, ¿cierto? Williams: Estoy muy emocionada de estar acá con ustedes. Estoy feliz de haberlos conocido en Washington, D.C., iw: כדי להחזיק את השיער שלי כרגע, אם זה היה המצב. אבל אני מבטיחה לכם שאנחנו בחלל. אני לא חושבת, אני לא מתעמלת, אז בחיים הרגילים שלי, לא נראה לי שהייתי יכולה לעשות את זה. ניי: וואו, יפה מאוד. [מחיאות כפיים] והצלחת לעשות את זה בהילוך איטי. וויליאמס: כאן אני יכולה לעשות את זה בציון 10. ניי: נחמד מאוד. אני מאוד מעריך שהקדשת מזמנך - יפה, היא ביצעה נחיתה מושלמת. נחמד מצידך להקדיש לנו מזמנך. אתם מאוד עסוקים שם. אני רוצה להכיר לך כמה אנשים שנמצאים אתנו בכדור הארץ. נמצאים אתנו הזוכים בתחרות מעבדת החלל של YouTube. דורותי, שרה ועאמר. שלום, כולם. שלום, שלום, שלום. סאני, את עבדת על הניסויים שלהם, נכון? וויליאמס: אני מתרגשת להיות אתכם כאן היום. שמחתי לפגוש אתכם בוושינגטון די.סי., Italian: per tenermi sollevati i capelli, se fossero necessari dei cavi. Ma vi garantisco che siamo nello spazio. Non penso che... Non sono una ginnasta, dunque nella vita normale non penso che riuscirei a fare questo. Nye: Wow, bello, molto bello. [applauso] E sei riuscita a farlo al rallentatore. Williams: Qui posso farlo... Qui posso farlo e prendere un 10. Nye: Molto bello. No, ti ringrazio molto per aver trovato il tempo... Molto bello... molto... Atterraggio perfetto. Molto gentile ad aver trovato del tempo per noi nella tua agenda. Avete un sacco di cose da fare lassù. Vorrei presentarti alcune persone presenti qui sulla Terra. Sono i vincitori del concorso YouTube Space Lab. Abbiamo Dorothy, Sara e Amr. Salve a tutti. Salve, salve, salve. Uh, bene, Sunny, hai lavorato ai loro esperimenti, giusto? Williams: Sono contenta di essere qui con voi ragazzi. Sono stata felice di incontrarvi a Washington D.C. Portuguese: para deixar meu cabelo dessa forma. Mas eu garanto, estamos no espaço. Não acho que... não sou uma ginasta, e na vida real não conseguiria fazer isso. Nye: Muito bom. [aplausos] E você conseguiu fazer em câmera lenta. Williams: Aqui eu consigo, ganharia uma nota 10. Nye: Muito bom. Eu agradeço por você reservar um tempo Excelente, ela cravou a saída. Obrigado por reservar um tempo em sua agenda. Você tem muito que fazer aí. Gostaria de apresentar algumas pessoas que estão aqui comigo. São os vencedores da competição do Laboratório espacial do YouTube. Temos Dorothy, Sara e Amr. Saudações, pessoal. Saudações, saudações. Sunny, você vem trabalhando nos experimentos deles? Williams: Estou animada por estar aqui com vocês. Fiquei feliz de conhecê-los em Washington, Japanese: たくさん使わないと 本当に宇宙からの映像ですよ 私は 体操選手ではないので普段は こんなことはできません ナイ: すごいすごい [拍手] しかもスローモーションでしたね ウィリアムズ: ここではできます 10点満点 ナイ: 最高です 今日は本当にお時間を割いていただいて... はい、最高です 着地も満点です 忙しい中、ありがとうございます やることがたくさんあるでしょう ここで何人か紹介させてください 今日招待したのは YouTubeスペースラボコンテストの優勝者です ドロシー、サラ、そしてモハマドです みんな挨拶して ほら手を振って サニー あなたが実験を行ったんですよね？ ウィリアムズ: 今日は会えて嬉しいです ワシントンDCでもお目にかかりましたね English: holding my hair up right now if that was what it takes. But I guarantee you, we're up in space. I don't think-- I'm not a gymnast, so in normal life, I don't think I could do this. Nye: Wow, very nice, very nice. [applause] And you were able to do it in slow motion. Williams: Here I can do it-- here I can do it as a 10. Nye: Very nice. No, I really appreciate you taking time-- Very ni--very-- she stuck the landing. Very nice for taking time out of your schedule. You got a lot going on up there. I'd like to introduce you to a few people we have here back on earth. We have the winners of the YouTube Space Lab Competition. We have Dorothy and Sara and Amr. Greetings, everybody. Greetings, greetings, greetings. Uh, now, Sunny, you've been working on their experiments, right? Williams: I'm excited to be here with you guys. I was happy to have met you guys in Washington, D.C., Korean: 들어올릴 줄이 있다면 아주 많은 줄이 필요하겠군요. 우리가 우주에 있다고 보장할 수 있습니다. 저는 체조 선수가 아니기 때문에 일상 생활에서 이렇게 할 수는 없거든요. 와, 멋져요, 정말 좋네요. [박수] 느린 동작으로도 할 수 있었네요. 이렇게 할 수 있어요. 10점 만점짜리에요. 멋져요. 시간을 내주셔서 정말 감사합니다. 정말 멋져요. 완벽하게 착륙했군요. 일정 중에 시간을 내주셔서 감사합니다. 그 위에서 많은 일들을 하시는 군요. 여기 지구에 있는 몇 분을 소개해 드리겠습니다. 여기에 YouTube 우주 실험실 대회 우승자들이 있어요. Dorothy와 Sara, Amr가 있습니다. 모두 안녕하세요? 안녕하세요? 자, 이제, Sunny씨, 이 분들의 실험을 수행하고 계시죠? 함께하게 되어 기뻐요. 워싱턴 D.C.에서 만나서 반가왔습니다. Arabic: لكانت هناك الكثير من الأسلاك التي تمسك بشعري إلى أعلى الآن. لكنني أؤكد لك، أننا في الفضاء. فأنا لا أعتقد-- أنا لست خبيرة بالجمانزيوم، لكن في الحياة العادية، لا أعتقد أنه بإمكاني فعل ذلك. ناي: واو، رائع، رائع للغاية. [تصفيق] وبمقدورك فعل ذلك بالحركة البطيئة. ويليامز: يمكنني فعل ذلك هنا-- هنا يمكنني فعل ذلك كطفلة في العاشرة. ناي: رائع للغاية. لا، أنا حقًا أقدر أنكِ تستقطعي من وقت-- رائع للغاية-- لقد نجحت في أداء الحركة. إنه لمن الرائع للغاية أن تستقطعي من وقت جدول أعمالك. ولديك الكثير من المهام بأعلى. أود أن أقدم لكِ بعض الأشخاص الموجودين هنا على الأرض. معنا الفائزون بجائزة معمل فضاء YouTube. معنا دورثي وسارة وعمرو. ألقوا التحية جميعًا. تحياتي، تحياتي، تحياتي. آه، الآن ساني، أنت تعملين على تجاربهم، أليس كذلك؟ ويليامز: أنا مسرورة للغاية لكوني معكم أيها الشباب. لقد سعدت بلقائكم في واشنطن العاصمة، Czech: hodně lanek, aby mi s vlasy udělaly tohle. Ale ujišťuji vás, že jsme ve vesmíru. Nemyslím – Nejsem gymnastka, takže nemyslím, že bych ve skutečnosti dokázala tohle. Nye: Páni, velmi dobré. [potlesk] A ještě k tomu zpomaleně. Williamsová: Tady to zvládnu, jako by mi bylo deset. Nye: Vynikající. Ale vážně, opravdu si vážím toho, že sis na nás – – podívejte na ten postoj! – – že sis na nás našla ve svém rozvrhu čas. Máš tam toho jistě hodně. Chtěl bych ti představit pár lidí, kteří jsou se mnou tady na Zemi. Máme tu vítěze soutěže YouTube Space Lab. Dorothy, Saru a Amra. Ahoj všem. Ahoj, ahoj, ahoj. Takže, Sunny, ty jsi pracovala na jejich experimentech, že? Williamsová: Jsem ráda, že tu můžu být s vámi. Ráda jsem vás ve Washingtonu DC poznala German: damit meine Haare so aussehen. Aber ich garantiere, dass wir hier oben im Weltraum sind. Ich glaube nicht... Ich bin keine Turnerin. Das könnte ich normalerweise nicht tun. Wow, ganz toll. Und das haben Sie sogar in Zeitlupe hinbekommen. Hier geht das und ich würde bestimmt die Höchstnote dafür bekommen. Sehr schön. Wir freuen uns, dass Sie für uns Zeit haben... Die Landung war bombensicher. Danke, dass Sie sich Zeit für uns nehmen. Bei Ihnen da oben ist eine Menge los. Ich möchte Ihnen ein paar Leute hier unten auf der Erde vorstellen. Die Gewinner des YouTube Space Lab-Wettbewerbs: Dorothy, Sara und Amr. Hallo zusammen! Hallo. Sunny, Sie haben ihre Experimente durchgeführt, stimmt's? Ich freue mich sehr, bei euch zu sein, Leute. Das Treffen mit euch in Washington war toll, Spanish: sujetando mi pelo hacia arriba ahora mismo si eso fuera así. Pero te garantizo que estamos aquí arriba en el espacio. No creo... No soy una gimnasta y en mi vida normal no creo que pudiera hacer esto. Nye: ¡Guau! Muy bien, muy bien. [aplauso] Y, además, lo has hecho a cámara lenta. Williams: Aquí me sale de diez. Nye: Muy bien. Te agradezco enormemente el tiempo... Muy bien, muy... Ha clavado la voltereta. Muchas gracias por hacernos un hueco en tu agenda. Sé que tienes mucho trabajo ahí arriba. Me gustaría presentarte a algunas personas que están aquí conmigo en la Tierra. Se trata de los ganadores del concurso YouTube Space Lab. Conmigo están Dorothy y Sara, y Amr. Hola todo el mundo. Hola, hola, hola. Bueno, Sunny, has estado trabajando en sus experimentos, ¿verdad? Williams: Estoy emocionada por estar aquí con vosotros, chicos. Me encantó haberos conocido en Washington D.C. French: pour tenir mes cheveux ! Je peux vous assurer que je suis bien dans l'espace. Et puis, n'étant pas une gymnaste, je ne pourrais pas faire cela… Wahou ! Bravo ! [applaudissements] En plus, au ralenti ! Oui, je peux en faire 10 d'affilée ! Quelle performance ! Nous vous remercions… Incroyable ! Merci d'avoir pris le temps d'être avec nous aujourd'hui. Nous savons que vous êtes très occupée. J'aimerais vous présenter les personnes qui se trouvent ici à mes côtés. Il s'agit des gagnants du concours YouTube Space Lab. Voici Dorothy, Sara et Amr. Dites bonjour. Bonjour, bonjour. Sunny, vous avez participé à leurs projets, exact ? Je suis très heureuse d'être aujourd'hui avec vous. Je garde un très bon souvenir de notre rencontre à Washington. Polish: moje włosy musiałoby trzymać wiele linek. Ale gwarantuję wam, że jesteśmy w kosmosie. Nie jestem gimnastyczką, więc w normalnych warunkach nie mogłabym zrobić tego. Nye: Pięknie, pięknie. Udało ci się to zrobić w zwolnionym tempie. Williams: Tu mogę robić to jak zawodowiec. Nye: Bardzo ładnie. Jesteśmy wdzięczni, że poświęciłaś czas... Bardzo ładnie... świetne lądowanie. Dziękujemy, że znalazłaś czas w swoim terminarzu. Masz na orbicie sporo zajęć. Chcę przedstawić ci młodych ludzi, którzy są tu ze mną na Ziemi. Oto zwycięzcy konkursu YouTube Space Lab. Dorothy, Sara i Amr. Witajcie. Witamy, witamy. Sunny, pracowałaś przy ich eksperymentach, tak? Williams: Cieszę się, że rozmawiam z wami. Miałam przyjemność spotkać was w Waszyngtonie. Chinese: 我的頭髮現在 應該掛著一大堆線繩吧 但我跟你保證 我們正在太空中 我不能... 我不是體操選手 所以正常情況下 我絕對做不出這種動作 哇，好極了 [掌聲] 你還能夠以慢動作移動 我在這就可以 還能得到滿分 相當好 非常感謝您在... 非常... 她在落地時卡住了 感謝您在百忙之中抽空 你在那裡有許多事要做 我要向您介紹幾位 地球上的人物 YouTube 太空實驗室競賽活動的優勝者 Dorothy、Sara 和 Amr 大家好 您好 現在，Sunny 您已經執行了他們的實驗嗎？ 我很高興再次見到各位 我們先前曾在華盛頓首府見面 Dutch: mijn haar omhoog moeten houden als dat het geval was. Maar ik kan je garanderen dat we in de ruimte zijn. Ik denk niet... Ik ben geen turnster, dus in het gewone leven zou ik dit niet kunnen. Nye: Heel mooi. [applaus] En je kon het nog in slow motion ook. Hier krijg ik er een 10 voor. Nye: Heel mooi. Ik waardeer het ontzettend dat je de tijd neemt... En ze staat! ...heel fijn dat je hier de tijd voor neemt. Je hebt daar heel veel te doen. Ik wil je een paar mensen voorstellen die hier op aarde bij ons zijn. We hebben de winnaars van de YouTube Space Lab-wedstrijd. We hebben Dorothy, Sara en Amr. Hallo, allemaal. Hallo, hallo, hallo. Sunny, jij hebt aan hun experimenten gewerkt, toch? Williams: Ik vind het heel bijzonder om met jullie te kunnen praten. Het was leuk om jullie te ontmoeten in Washington D.C., Polish: Gratuluję. Na pewno sporo się wokół was działo od tego czasu. Liczę, że dobrze się bawicie, bo my z przyjemnością robimy wasze eksperymenty, więc dziękujemy. Nye: Wyglądasz na odprężoną i odłożyłaś mikrofon na dół. Bardzo dobrze. Czy może... odłożyłaś go na górę? Gdzie jest góra? Jak wygląda wasz dzień? Odnoszę wrażenie, że zawsze jesteście zajęci. Williams: Każdy dzień jest inny i ciągle jest coś do zrobienia. Mamy tu dni robocze według normalnego czasu, GMT. Wstajemy zwykle koło 6:00 i staramy się iść spać koło 22:00, ale każdy dzień jest inny. Robimy eksperymenty naukowe, ćwiczymy, wychodzimy na spacery kosmiczne, pracujemy z robotami. Właśnie wystrzeliliśmy... HTV, japoński moduł, który był tu do wczoraj. Ciągle coś się dzieje. Każdy dzień nieco się różni. To wspaniałe. Czech: a blahopřeji vám. Jistě jste od té doby měli velmi nabitý program a doufám, že se dobře bavíte. Nás tady nahoře vaše experimenty baví, takže vám děkuji. Nye: Vypadáš velmi odpočatě. A odložila sis mikrofon do vzduchu. To je milé. Jestli se to tak dá říct, když ani nevíme, který směr je nahoru a který dolů. Jak vypadá váš běžný den? Mám dojem, že tam máte spoustu práce. Williamsová: Každý den je jiný, máme toho opravdu hodně. Máme tu běžné pracovní dny podle časového pásma GMT, jako vy. Vstáváme zhruba v 6.00 a chodíme si lehnout přibližně v 10.00, ale každý den je jiný. Provádíme vědecké experimenty, cvičíme, chodíme na procházky do vesmíru nebo se věnujeme robotice. Právě jsme vypustili modul HTV, japonský modul, který jsme tu měli a včera odletěl. Jde to jedno za druhým. Každý den je trochu jiný. Což je skvělé. Russian: и хочу вас поздравить. Думаю, вы потом попали в настоящий водоворот, но сейчас должны быть довольны собой, а мы здесь довольны вашими экспериментами. Спасибо! НАЙ. Вы выглядите расслабленной. Я смотрю, вы уже и микрофон положили. Здорово! Или вы подняли его? Где там вообще верх, а где низ? А как вы обычно проводите свой день? Полагаю, вы постоянно заняты. УИЛЬЯМС. По-разному бывает, но мы действительно заняты постоянно. У нас такой же рабочий график, как и у вас. Обычно мы встаем около 6:00 и стараемся засыпать около 22:00. Но каждый новый день не похож на вчерашний: научные эксперименты, физические упражнения, выход в космос, работа с роботами. Мы только что запустили модуль HTV. Это японский грузовой корабль. Он был здесь, а вчера мы его отправили на Землю. Так что без дела не сидим. Каждый день приносит что-то новое. Все просто отлично! German: und nochmals herzlichen Glückwunsch! Für euch war die Zeit seitdem wohl sehr aufregend. Ich hoffe, ihr habt viel Spaß. Hier oben hatten wir jedenfalls Spaß mit euren Experimenten. Vielen Dank dafür! Sie sehen sehr entspannt aus, und haben das Mikro heruntergenommen. Sehr schön. Oder... das Mikro hochgenommen? Wo ist eigentlich oben? Wie verläuft so ein Tag? Man hat doch den Eindruck, es gäbe unglaublich viel zu tun. Jeder Tag ist anders, und wir haben ständig zu tun. Wir haben einen normalen Arbeitstag in derselben Zeitzone wie ihr: GMT. Meist stehen wir um 6:00 Uhr auf und gehen um 22:00 Uhr wieder schlafen. Aber jeder Tag ist anders. Wir machen Experimente, Turnübungen, Weltraumspaziergänge, Arbeiten mit Robotern. Gerade gestern haben wir HTV gestartet, ein Modul aus Japan. Wir machen eines nach dem anderen. Und jeder Tag ist ein bisschen anders. Es ist überwältigend. Dutch: en van harte gefeliciteerd. Er gebeurt vast heel veel tegelijk voor jullie, sinds dat moment, dus ik hoop dat jullie het leuk vinden, en wij vinden het leuk jullie experimenten hierboven te doen, dus dank jullie wel. Nye: Je ziet er erg ontspannen uit, en je hebt je microfoon neergelegd. Dat is mooi. Of... heb je de microfoon omhooggelegd? Waar is omhoog? Hoe is een normale dag daar? Is het... Ik krijg de indruk dat jullie het de hele tijd heel druk hebben. Williams: Elke dag is anders, en we hebben het de hele tijd druk. We hebben een gewone werkdag, dezelfde tijd als jullie, GMT. We staan meestal rond 6:00 uur op en proberen rond 22:00 uur te gaan slapen, maar elke dag is anders. We doen wetenschappelijke experimenten, we sporten, we maken ruimtewandelingen, we werken met robots. We hebben net de HTV gelanceerd, de Japanse module die hier was, die is sinds gisteren weg. Dus het is steeds iets anders. Elke dag is net een beetje anders. Het is geweldig. French: Encore toutes mes félicitations. Tout a dû aller très vite pour vous, j'espère que vous vous amusez quand même. En tous cas, nous apprécions vos projets ici, donc un grand merci à vous. Vous avez l'air très détendue, vous avez même posé votre micro. C'est chouette. Enfin, il n'est pas vraiment posé puisqu'il flotte. À quoi ressemble une journée type ? On a l'impression que vous êtes constamment occupés. Chaque jour est différent. Nous sommes effectivement toujours occupés. Nous avons une journée de travail normale, Nous nous levons vers 6 h, et essayons d'être au lit vers 22 h. Mais chaque jour est différent. Nous réalisons des expériences, nous faisons de l'exercice, nous marchons dans l'espace, nous faisons de la robotique. Nous venons de lancer HTV, le module japonais qui est parti hier. Tout s'enchaîne. Chaque jour est un peu différent du précédent. C'est super. Spanish: y felicitaciones. Creo que para ustedes todo ha pasado como un torbellino, desde ese entonces, así que espero que se estén divirtiendo, y nosotros estamos disfrutando de sus experimentos acá arriba, así que gracias. Nye: Bueno, te ves muy relajada, y bajaste tu micrófono. Es genial. O...¿subiste tu micrófono? ¿O qué parte es arriba? Pero, ¿cómo es un día allá? Es como... Me da la impresión de que están ocupados todo el tiempo. Williams: Bueno, cada día es diferente, y estamos ocupados todo el tiempo. Tenemos un día laborable general, con horarios como los de ustedes, hora de Greenwich. Generalmente nos levantamos alrededor de las 6.00 y tratamos de irnos a dormir alrededor de las 10.00, pero cada día es diferente. Hacemos experimentos de ciencias, hacemos ejercicio, hacemos caminatas por el espacio, hacemos cosas robóticas. Acabamos de lanzar H... o, emm, HTV, el módulo japonés que estaba aquí arriba nos dejó ayer. Así que es una cosa tras otra. Cada día es un poquito diferente. Es increíble. Chinese: 恭喜各位 你們應該都覺得 那是不久前 才發生的事吧 我希望你們放輕鬆 我們很喜歡你們的實驗 所以，謝謝各位 你看起來非常放鬆 還把麥克風放下來了 這樣很好 還是...把麥克風放上去？ 哪邊才是上面？ 那裡的生活如何？是否... 我聽說你們隨時都很忙碌 是啊，每天都要做不同的事 隨時都很忙 我們平日的工作天 跟你們一樣使用格林威治標準時間 我們通常約在 6 點起床 然後在 10 點左右就寢 但每天都有不同的事要忙 我們要操作科學實驗 要運動、要進行太空漫步 還要處理機器人工作 我們才剛發射 HTV 那是昨天離開這裡的日本實驗艙 事情一件接著一件來 每天都不大一樣 超棒的 Portuguese: e parabéns. Deve ter sido um turbilhão para vocês, desde aquela época, espero que estejam se divertindo. Estamos curtindo seus experimentos aqui. Obrigado. Nye: Você parece estar confortável, deixou o microfone de lado. Muito bom. Ou deixou o microfone em cima? Ou onde fica em cima? Como são os dias? Parece que vocês sempre estão ocupados. Williams: Cada dia é diferente. Estamos sempre ocupados. Temos um dia de trabalho normal, como o de vocês. Nos levantamos às 6h e tentamos dormir às 22h, mas cada dia é uma novidade. Fazemos experimentos científicos, nos exercitamos, fazemos trabalhos fora da estação, outros trabalhos em robótica. Acabamos de lançar o HTV, o módulo japonês que estava aqui e partiu ontem. Sempre tem algo. Mas cada dia é diferente. É espetacular. Italian: e congratulazioni. Penso che sia stata un po' frenetica la vita per voi da allora, quindi spero che vi stiate divertendo e noi ci stiamo divertendo con i vostri esperimenti quassù, quindi grazie. Nye: Sembri molto rilassata e hai messo giù il microfono. Che forza. O... hai messo "su" il microfono? Dov'è l'alto? Com'è una giornata tipo? È... Ho l'impressione che voi ragazzi siate occupati tutto il tempo. Williams: Beh, ogni giorno è diverso e siamo occupati tutto il tempo. Trascorriamo una giornata di lavoro normale, con lo stesso vostro orario, GMT. Di solito ci alziamo verso le 6:00 e cerchiamo di andare a dormire intorno alle 22:00, ma ogni giorno è diverso. Conduciamo esperimenti scientifici, facciamo esercizio fisico, andiamo fuori a fare passeggiate spaziali, e svolgiamo attività robotiche. Abbiamo appena lanciato l'H... o HTV, il modulo giapponese che era quassù ci ha lasciati ieri. Quindi c'è una cosa dopo l'altra. Ogni giorno è un po' diverso. È fantastico. iw: ומזל טוב. זו בטח היתה תקופה סוערת עבורכם, מאז שנפגשנו, אז אני מקווה שאתם נהנים. אנחנו נהנים מהניסויים שלכם כאן, אז תודה לכם. ניי: את נראית רגועה מאוד, והנחת את המיקרופון שלך למטה. זה נחמד מאוד. או שמא הנחת את המיקרופון למעלה? איפה זה בכלל למעלה? איך נראה היום שלך? האם זה - יש לי את הרושם שאתם עסוקים כל הזמן. וויליאמס: כן, כל יום הוא שונה, ואנחנו עסוקים כל הזמן. יום העבודה שלנו זהה לשלכם, על פי שעון גריניץ'. אנחנו בדרך כלל קמים בסביבות 6:00 ומנסים ללכת לישון בסביבות 22:00. אבל כל יום הוא שונה. אנחנו מבצעים ניסויים. אנחנו מתעמלים, אנחנו מבצעים 'הליכות חלל'. אנחנו עושים דברים שקשורים לרובוטיקה. בדיוק שיגרנו את HTV, המודול היפני שהיה כאן עזב אותנו אתמול. אז דברים קורים אחד אחרי השני. כל יום הוא קצת שונה. זה מדהים. Spanish: y quiero daros la enhorabuena. Imagino que todo está siendo un tanto abrumador para vosotros desde ese momento, por lo que espero que estéis disfrutando de la experiencia, ya que nosotros estamos disfrutando de vuestros experimentos aquí arriba, así que, muchas gracias. Nye: Se te ve muy relajada y veo que has puesto el micrófono abajo. Eso está muy bien. O, mejor dicho, has puesto el micrófono arriba. O dondequiera que esté "arriba". Pero, ¿cómo es un día ahí? Es... Tengo la impresión de que estáis ocupados todo el tiempo. Williams: Bueno, cada día es diferente, y estamos ocupados todo el tiempo. Tenemos un día de trabajo normal, con el mismo horario que vosotros (GMT). Normalmente nos levantamos alrededor de las 6:00 de la mañana e intentamos acostarnos aproximadamente a las 22:00, pero cada día es diferente. Realizamos experimentos científicos, hacemos ejercicio, salimos a hacer paseos espaciales y realizamos trabajos de robótica. Acabamos de lanzar H o HTV, el módulo japonés que estaba aquí arriba y nos dejó ayer. Así que, no dejamos de hacer cosas. Cada día es un poco diferente. Es increíble. English: and congratulations. I think it's been a little bit of a whirlwind for you, since that time, so I hope you're enjoying yourself, and we're enjoying your experiments up here, so thank you. Nye: So you look very relaxed, and you set your microphone down. That's very nice. Or...set your microphone up? Or where is up? But what is a day like? Is it-- I get the impression you guys are busy all the time. Williams: Well, every day is different, and we are busy all the time. We have a general working day, same as--time as you, GMT. We usually get up around 6:00 and try to go to sleep around 10:00, but every day is different. We're doing science experiments, we're exercising, we're out doing space walks, we're doing robotics stuff. We just launched H-- or, um, HTV, the Japanese module that was up here left us yesterday. So it's one thing after another. Every day is a little bit different. It's awesome. Arabic: وأود أن أهنئكم. أعتقد أن الأحداث توالت عليكم إلى حد ما، منذ ذلك الوقت، لذا أرجو أن تكونوا استمتعتم بأوقاتكم، ونحن نستمتع بتجاربكم هنا بأعلى، أشكركم لذلك. ناي: أنت تبدين مسترخية للغاية، ووضعتِ الميكروفون إلى أسفل. ذلك رائع للغاية. أو...وضعتِ الميكروفون إلى أعلى؟ أو أين ذلك الأعلى؟ لكن كيف يكون يومك؟ هل هو-- لدي الانطباع أنكم رواد الفضاء مشغولون في كل الأوقات. ويليامز: إن كل يوم يختلف عن غيره من الأيام، ونحن مشغولون في كل الأوقات. نعمل وفقًا ليوم العمل العام، بتوقيت غرينتش مثلكم. ونستيقظ عادة حوالي الساعة 6:00 ونحاول الذهاب للنوم حوالي الساعة 10:00، لكن كل يوم يختلف عن غيره. فنحن نجري تجارب علمية، أو نمارس الرياضة، أو نخرج للسير في الفضاء، أو نفعل أمورًا لها علاقة بالربوتيات. لقد أطلقنا للتو-- HTV، وهو النموذج الياباني الذي كان هنا وانطلق أمس. لذا، فإننا نفعل شيئًا يتلوه آخر. كل يوم يختلف قليلاً عن غيره. إنه مدهش. Japanese: おめでとう 少しあわただしいですが きっと楽しんでくれていると思います 私たちもあなた方の実験を 楽しんでます ありがとう ナイ: リラックスしてるようですね マイクも降ろして 面白い マイクは上げてるのかな？ どっちが上だろう？ 1日はどんな感じですか？ そちらは毎日とても忙しいというイメージですが ウィリアムズ: 1日1日が違います そして常に忙しい 地上と同じように仕事の時間が 決まっています グリニッジ標準時で 6時に起きて10時には寝ます 毎日違うことをします 実験をしたり 運動をしたり 宇宙遊泳をしたり ロボットを操作したり ちょうど、昨日届いた 日本のHTVモジュールを立ち上げました 次から次へとやることがあります 毎日が新鮮で 大変 Korean: 그리고 축하합니다. 그 이후에 바빠서 정신이 없었을 거에요. 즐거운 시간 보내시기 바랍니다. 그리고 우리는 여기에서 여러분의 실험을 즐기고 있어요. 감사드려요. 굉장히 여유있어 보이는 군요. 그리고 마이크를 아래에 설치하셨죠. 아주 좋아요. 아니면, 위에 설치하셨나요? 위가 어딘가요? 그런데 그 곳의 하루는 어떤가요? 여러분들은 항상 바쁜 것 같아요. 글쎄요, 매일 매일 달라요. 그리고 항상 바쁘죠. 여러분처럼 근무 시간이 있어요. GMT 기준이죠. 대개 오전 6시 무렵에 일어나서 밤 10시쯤 자려고 하죠. 그렇지만 매일 달라요. 우리는 과학 실험을 하고 운동을 하고 우주 산책을 하고 로봇 공학 같은 것도 해요. 우리는 이제 막 HTV를 론치했어요. HTV는 여기에 올라왔던 일본 모듈로 어제 돌아갔어요. 그러니까 매일매일 다른 일이 생기죠. 매일 약간씩 달라요. 재미있어요. English: Nye: Now, um, space walks, launching Japanese modules, making scientific discoveries, that's routine. But do you have any other stuff you have to do, like the laundry and dishes and things like that? Williams: Well, luckily enough, most of our food is in containers, and then we throw it away, so we don't really have dishes up here. If you think about it, dishes aren't going to work up in space, so we just sort of eat our food out of different types of containers, so we don't have to do that. Nye: What sort of food do you eat? Williams: And, um, there's not a lot of dirt up here, so your clothes don't get dirty, for the most part. Nye: What sort of food do you get to eat up there? That delay is from the speed of light. Williams: We have a wide variety of food, which is really great. You know, just in this-- [faint echo of Nye speaking] [laughs] In this little packet, I have beef fajitas, which we usually eat with tortillas, Czech: Nye: Hmm, vesmírné procházky, japonské moduly, vědecké objevy, to je rutina. Ale musíte jistě dělat i jiné věci, jako třeba prát a mýt nádobí, ne? Williamsová: Naštěstí pro nás je většina jídla v jednorázových nádobách, které se vyhazují, takže nádobí umývat nemusíme. Když se nad tím zamyslíš, tak nádobí nemůže ve vesmíru fungovat, takže jíme z různých jiných nádob, které se nemyjí. Nye: A co tak většinou jíte? Williamsová: A je tu poměrně čisto, takže naše oblečení se většinou moc nezašpiní. Nye: Jaké jídlo tam nahoře jíte? To zpoždění způsobuje rychlost světla. Williamsová: Máme tu různé druhy jídla, což je skvělé. Zrovna v tomto – [Nye je slabě slyšet z rádia] [smích] V tomto malém balíčku, máme fajity, které většinou jíme s tortillou, Korean: 그러니까, 우주 산책을 하고 일본 모듈을 론치하고 과학적 발견을 하는 것이 일상이군요. 그런데 꼭 해야 하는 다른 일들이 있나요? 세탁이나 설거지 같은 것들이요. 글쎄요, 다행히 많지 않아요. 우리 음식은 대부분 용기에 있어서 식사 후에 버려요. 여기에서는 접시를 사용하지 않아요. 접시에 대해 말하자면 우주에서는 접시를 사용할 수 없어요. 우리는 그냥 여러 형태의 용기에 들어 있는 음식을 바로 꺼내 먹죠. 그러니까 설거지가 필요없어요. 그러면 어떤 종류의 음식을 먹나요? 그리고, 여기에는 먼지가 많지 않아요. 그래서 보통 옷이 더러워지지 않아요. 그런데 거기에서는 어떤 종류의 음식을 먹나요? 빛의 속도 때문에 지연이 발생했군요. 우리는 굉장히 다양한 음식을 먹어요. 아주 좋아요. 그러니까 이런... [Nye 목소리의 희미한 메아리] [웃음] 이 작은 통에 소고기 파히타가 있어요. 대개 토르티야와 같이 먹어요. Polish: Nye: Spacery kosmiczne, starty japońskich modułów, odkrycia naukowe to bieżące zadania. Ale czy macie inne obowiązki, np. pranie ubrań czy zmywanie naczyń? Williams: Na szczęście większość żywności jest w pojemnikach, które potem wyrzucamy, więc nie musimy zmywać naczyń. Naczynia nie sprawdzają się w kosmosie, więc po prostu jadamy z różnych pojemników, których nie myjemy. Nye: Co właściwie jadacie? Williams: Nie ma tu dużo kurzu, więc nasze ubrania rzadko się brudzą. Nye: Jakie jedzenie tam macie? To opóźnienie wynika z prędkości światła. Williams: Mamy rozmaite jedzenie, co mnie bardzo cieszy. Np. w tej... W tej małej paczce są wołowe fajity, które zwykle jemy z tortillami, Chinese: 太空漫步、發射日本實驗艙 進行太空探索 這是日常公事 但你們還有其他的事情要處理嗎？ 例如洗衣服、洗碗之類的事 還好我們夠幸運 大多數食物都裝在容器內 我們只要擠出來就行了 所以我們在這裡不必使用餐具 想想看就知道 餐具在太空中不管用 我們大概只能食用 裝在各種容器中的食物 所以我們不必洗碗 你們都吃哪種食物？ 這裡沒有什麼灰塵 所以大部分衣服都不會髒 你們在那裡都吃哪種食物？ 延遲比光速還要嚴重 我們有各種食物 真的很棒 就在這... [Nye 說話的微弱回音] [笑聲] 在這個小包裝裡 有牛肉法士達 我們通常會配玉米餅吃 Portuguese: Nye: Trabalhar fora da estação, lançar módulos japoneses, fazer descobertas científicas, isso faz parte da rotina. Mas vocês também precisam fazer outras coisas, como lavar roupas e pratos e coisas dessa natureza? Williams: Bem, por sorte, a maior parte de nossa comida está em recipientes, e jogamos quase tudo fora. Então, não precisamos lavar os pratos. Para falar a verdade, os pratos não funcionariam aqui no espaço, apenas comemos a comida direto desses recipientes, então não precisamos disso. Nye: Que tipo de comida vocês comem? Williams: E também não há muita sujeira aqui, nossas roupas não sujam, em geral. Nye: Que tipo de comida vocês comem? O atraso é por causa da velocidade da luz. Williams: Temos vários tipos de comida, o que é ótimo. Neste... [eco da fala de Nye] [risos] Neste recipiente tem fajitas de carne, que geralmente comemos com tortilhas Dutch: Nye: Ruimtewandelingen, het lanceren van Japanse modules, wetenschappelijke ontdekkingen doen, dat is gewoon routine. Maar moet je ook andere dingen doen, zoals de was en de afwas en dat soort dingen? Williams: Gelukkig zit het meeste eten in verpakkingen, en daarna gooien we ze weg, dus we hebben hier niet echt afwas. Als je erover nadenkt, werkt afwassen niet in de ruimte, dus we eten ons eten uit verschillende soorten verpakkingen, zodat we de afwas niet hoeven te doen. Nye: Wat voor soort dingen eten jullie? Williams: En er is niet veel vuil hier, dus je kleren worden niet erg vies. Nye: Wat voor soort eten krijgen jullie daar? Die vertraging komt door de snelheid van het licht. Williams: We hebben allerlei soorten eten, wat echt heel fijn is. In dit... [zwakke echo van Nye die spreekt] [lacht] In dit pakketje zitten rundvleesfajita's, die we meestal met tortilla's eten Italian: Nye: Bene, passeggiate spaziali, lancio di moduli giapponesi, scoperte scientifiche, la solita routine. Ma ci sono altre cose che dovete fare, come lavare la biancheria e i piatti e cose del genere? Williams: Beh, per fortuna la maggior parte del cibo è in scatola, quindi gettiamo via gli involucri, non c'è bisogno di lavare i piatti quassù. Se ci pensate, i piatti non funzionerebbero nello spazio, quindi mangiamo il cibo da diversi tipi di contenitori, così non dobbiamo lavarli. Nye: Che tipo di cibo mangiate? Williams: E non c'è molto sporco qui, quindi i vestiti non si sporcano per la maggior parte del tempo. Nye: Che tipo di cibo vi danno da mangiare lassù? Il ritardo è dovuto alla velocità della luce. Williams: Abbiamo un'ampia varietà di cibi, il che è fantastico. Sapete, giusto in questo... [debole eco delle parole di Nye] [ride] In questo pacchettino ho fajitas di manzo, che di solito mangiamo con le tortilla, Spanish: Nye: Bueno, los paseos espaciales, los lanzamientos de modelos japoneses o los descubrimientos científicos forman parte de la rutina. Pero, ¿hacéis otro tipo de tareas como, por ejemplo, poner lavadoras o fregar los platos y ese tipo de cosas? Williams: Bueno, por suerte, la mayoría de la comida está envasada y, después, la tiramos, por lo que en realidad no tenemos que fregar platos. Si lo piensas, los platos no funcionarían en el espacio, por lo que comemos la comida directamente de los diferentes tipos de envases así que no tenemos que hacer eso. Nye: ¿Qué tipo de comida coméis? Williams: Bueno, aquí no hay mucha suciedad, por lo que la mayoría de la ropa no se ensucia. Nye: ¿Qué tipo de comida soléis comer ahí arriba? El retraso se debe a la velocidad de la luz. Williams: Tenemos una amplia variedad de comida, lo que es realmente genial. Solo en este... [eco lejano de Nye hablando] [risas] En este pequeño paquete, tengo fajitas de ternera, que solemos comer con tortillas, iw: ניי: הליכות חלל, השקת מודולים יפנים וביצוע תגליות מדעיות, אלה עניינים שבשגרה. אבל יש לכם מטלות נוספות, כמו כביסה ושטיפת כלים? וויליאמס: למרבה המזל, רוב המזון שלנו נמצא במיכלים, שאנחנו זורקים לאחר מכן, אז אין כל כך כלי אוכל כאן. כשחושבים על זה, כלי אוכל לא היו עובדים טוב בחלל, אז אנחנו אוכלים את המזון שלנו ממיכלים שונים, כך שאנחנו לא צריכים לשטוף כלים. ניי: איזה מין מזון אתם אוכלים? וויליאמס: ואין פה הרבה לכלוך, אז הבגדים לא מתלכלכים, רוב הזמן. ניי: איזה מין מזון אתם אוכלים שם? העיכוב בקליטה הוא בגלל מהירות האור. וויליאמס: יש לנו מגוון רחב של מזון, שהוא ממש נהדר. [הד חלש של דיבורו של ניי] [צוחקת] רק בחבילה הקטנה הזו יש לי פהיטס בקר שאנחנו בדרך כלל אוכלים עם טורטיות, German: Tja, Weltraumspaziergänge, Japanische Module starten, Entdeckungen machen: Das ist Routine. Aber was muss sonst noch gemacht werden, Wäsche waschen, Geschirr spülen, so etwas? Nun, zum Glück ist fast unser ganzes Essen in Behältern. Die werfen wir einfach weg, deswegen müssen wir hier nicht spülen. Genau genommen würde Geschirr hier oben sowieso nicht funktionieren. Also essen wir Lebensmittel aus verschiedenen Behältern. Spülen ist nicht notwendig. Was genau essen Sie dort? Nun, hier oben ist es sehr sauber, deswegen wird die Kleidung nicht schmutzig. Was essen Sie da oben? Die Verzögerung kommt von der Lichtgeschwindigkeit. Wir haben hier viele Lebensmittel. Das ist ganz toll. Wissen Sie, in diesem kleinen Paket   habe ich Rindfleisch-Fajitas, die wir meist mit Tortillas essen. Russian: НАЙ. Все эти выходы в космос, запуски японских модулей, научные открытия – для вас это повседневность. А чем ещё вам приходится заниматься? Например стирать, мыть посуду и так далее? УИЛЬЯМС. К счастью, почти вся наша еда находится в специальных емкостях, которые мы потом выбрасываем. Так что у нас здесь нет посуды. На орбите посуда не может выполнять свое предназначение, поэтому мы едим из специальных контейнеров. Мыть ничего не нужно. НАЙ. А что вы едите? УИЛЬЯМС. Что касается стирки, то здесь почти нет грязи, и одежда практически не пачкается. НАЙ. А что вы там едите? Эти задержки связи – из-за расстояния. УИЛЬЯМС. Меню у нас разнообразное, и это радует. Вот в этом пакете… [эхо предыдущей фразы Билла] [смеется] В этом пакете у нас фахитас с говядиной, которые мы обычно едим с тортильями (лепешками), Spanish: Nye: Entonces, caminatas por el espacio, lanzar módulos japoneses, hacer descubrimientos científicos, eso es rutina. Pero, ¿hay alguna otra cosa que tengan que hacer, como lavar la ropa y los platos, cosas así? Williams: Bueno, afortunadamente, casi toda nuestra comida está en recipientes, y luego los arrojamos, así que en realidad no tenemos platos acá arriba. Si lo piensas, los platos no serían prácticos en el espacio, así que simplemente comemos nuestra comida en diferentes tipos de recipientes, así que no tenemos que hacer eso. Nye: ¿Qué tipo de comida tienen? Williams: Y, no hay mucha suciedad acá arriba, así que la ropa no se ensucia, en general. Nye: ¿Qué tipo de comida consumen allá arriba? El retraso es por la velocidad de la luz. Williams: Tenemos una gran variedad de comidas, lo cual es magnífico. Por ejemplo, en este... [eco débil de Nye hablando] [Risas] En este pequeño paquete, tengo fajitas de carne, que generalmente comemos con tortillas, French: Les marches dans l'espace, les lancements de modules, les découvertes scientifiques, c'est votre routine. Mais avez-vous d'autres tâches, comme la lessive ou la vaisselle ? Nous avons de la chance, presque toute notre nourriture est préemballée, nous n'avons plus qu'à jeter les emballages, donc pas de vaisselle ici. Quand on y pense, on aurait du mal à faire la vaisselle ici. Nous mangeons directement dans l'emballage, donc la vaisselle n'est pas nécessaire. Qu'est-ce que vous mangez à bord ? Nous ne nous salissons pas beaucoup ici, donc pas besoin de lessive. Et que mangez-vous à bord ? Le décalage est dû à la vitesse de la lumière. Nous disposons d'une large gamme d'aliments, nous avons de la chance. [léger écho de la voix du présentateur] [Rire] Ici, j'ai des fajitas au bœuf, que nous accompagnons généralement de tortillas, Japanese: ナイ: 宇宙飛行や日本のモジュールの組み立て 科学的発見を毎日 他にすることがあると思うのですが 洗濯や皿洗いはどうしてるのですか？ ウィリアムズ: 幸いなことに 食事はほとんど容器入りで 使い捨てなので 皿洗いはありません 宇宙ではお皿は 役に立たないので 食品はそれぞれ 個別の容器から食べています 皿洗いは不要です ナイ: どんなものを食べているのですか？ ウィリアムズ: そしてここは汚れが少ないので 服もほとんど汚れません ナイ: 何を食べているか教えてください タイムラグは電波が遅いせいですね ウィリアムズ: いろんな食べ物があります とてもおいしいんですよ たとえばこの [ナイの声のエコー] [笑] この小さな袋にはビーフファヒータ 普段はトルティーヤと一緒に食べます Arabic: ناي: الآن، السير في الفضاء إطلاق وحدات يابانية، تحقيق اكتشافات علمية، تلك هي الأمور الروتينية. لكن هل هناك أي أمور أخرى يجب عليك إجراؤها، مثل غسيل الملابس والأطباق وأمور كهذه؟ ويليامز: حسنًا، لحسن الحظ، أغلب طعامنا يكون في حاويات، ونلقيها بعد الانتهاء منها، وبالتالي ليس لدينا أطباق هنا في الفضاء. إذا فكرت في الأمر، فالأطباق لن تجدي نفعًا هنا في الفضاء، لذا فإننا نأكل طعامنا من أنواع مختلفة من الحاويات، لذا ليس علينا غسيل أي أطباق. ناي: ما أنواع الطعام الذي تأكلونه؟ ويليامز: وليس هناك الكثير من الأتربة هنا في الفضاء، لذا الملابس لا تتسخ في الغالب. ناي: ما أنواع الطعام التي التي تتناولونها هناك؟ هذا التأخير سببه سرعة الضوء. ويليامز: لدينا مجموعة متنوعة من الأطعمة، وهو أمر رائع حقًا. إن في هذه-- [صدى صوت ضعيف لناي يتحدث] [ضحك] تحتوي هذه العبوة على فاهيتا لحم، والتي نتناولها عادةً مع كعكة التُرتية، Japanese: パンは中身がスカスカでパンくずも出るので 髪の毛や周りを汚します フリーズドライなどの 乾燥食品を 水で戻す機械は真上にあります これはカリフラワー、ほうれん草も おそらく母も見てるはず 野菜を食べてるかを [笑] もちろん缶詰もあります キャンディーも 他にも 地上で食べるのと同じ物が ナイ: それはとても おいしそうですね ところで実験は？ 実験を見られますか？ えーと [笑] ウィリアムズ: もちろん 実験のことが知りたいですよね そこにいる モハマドの実験と ナイ: はい ウィリアムズ: ドロシーとサラの実験 ここにあります 宇宙で実験しています これはギャップ Spanish: porque el pan está demasiado crujiente y lo pone todo perdido y las migas se te meten en el pelo, y esas cosas. Tomamos muchos alimentos liofilizados o, mejor dicho, deshidratados, y justo encima de mí se encuentra un hidratador. Aquí tengo coliflor y también espinacas porque probablemente mi madre me esté viendo y quiero que sepa que como verduras. [risas] Y también tenemos comida enlatada y dulces, por supuesto, y cosas por el estilo. Ya sabes, todo lo que a la gente le gusta comer en la Tierra. Nye: Bueno, eso parece... Tiene muy buena pinta. Pero, ¿qué puedes contarme de los experimentos? ¿Puedes mostrarnos los experimentos? ¡Oh! Mmmmm... [risas] Williams: Por supuesto. Creo... Creo que te refieres a los experimentos que enviaron estos chicos, ¿verdad? El experimento de Amr... Nye: Exacto. Williams: Y el experimento de Dorothy y Sara. Los tengo todos justo aquí. Están aquí conmigo en el espacio. Esto es un GAP. German: Brot ist zu krümelig, das macht nur Dreck, bleibt in den Haaren hängen. Viel Gefriergetrocknetes oder besser gesagt Gedörrtes. Und direkt über mir ist ein Feuchtigkeitsspender. Hier haben wir Blumenkohl, Spinat ist auch dabei, denn meine Mutter schaut bestimmt zu, und sie will doch, dass ich mein Gemüse esse.   Dann haben wir natürlich Sachen in Dosen, Süßigkeiten und all so etwas. Dinge, die auch auf der Erde jeder gerne isst. Hm, das sieht aus wie, nun... Es sieht köstlich aus, aber was ist mit den Experimenten? Können Sie uns die Experimente zeigen? Oh. Mm-mmm.   Klar. Ich glaube, ihr meint die Experimente, die ihr mitgeschickt habt. Amrs Experimente. Ja. Und die Experimente von Dorothy und Sara. Hier sind sie. Sie sind wirklich im Weltraum. Das ist ein Zwischenraum. English: 'cause bread is a little crumby and then it makes a mess and gets in your hair and stuff. A lot of freeze-dried stuff, or dehydrated stuff, I should say, and we have a hydrator right above me. This is cauliflower and also spinach in here, because my mom's probably watching and wants to know I'm eating my vegetables. [laughter] And then, of course, there's things in a can, and of course, we have candy and other things like that, which are--you know, everybody likes to eat on Earth. Nye: Uh, it does look like, uh... It does look delicious, but how about the experiments? Can you show us the experiments? Oh. Mm-mmm. [laughter] Williams: Certainly. I think-- I think you're thinking about the experiments that, uh, these guys sent up, right? Amr's experiments... Nye: Yeah. Williams: And Dorothy and Sara's experiments, and they're right here with me. So I have them here in space. This is a gap. Russian: потому что хлеб крошится, а потом эти крошки попадают и в волосы, и куда угодно. Много продуктов сублимированной сушки или, точнее, обезвоженных продуктов. Здесь надо мной установлено устройство для гидратации. Это цветная капуста и шпинат. Моя мама, наверно, тоже смотрит… Она всегда проверяет, не забываю ли я есть овощи. [смех] Также у нас есть консервы, кондитерские изделия и ещё много всего, что любят на Земле. НАЙ. Да, это выглядит… Выглядит весьма аппетитно. Ну, а как же наши эксперименты? Можете показать нам их? О! Мм-ммм. [смех] УИЛЬЯМС. Конечно. Я думаю… Я думаю, вы имеете в виду те эксперименты, которые приготовили ваши гости, да? Эксперименты Амира… НАЙ. Да. УИЛЬЯМС. И эксперименты Дороти и Сары. Все это здесь, со мной. Я подготовила все, что надо. Вот колба. Chinese: 因為麵包太多碎屑 會掉得到處都是 還會跑進頭髮和器材裡 一堆冷凍乾燥食品 應該說是脫水食物 我上方有一個水合器 這是花椰菜 這裡還有波菜 我媽可能也在觀看 大概會想知道 我有沒有乖乖吃蔬菜 [笑聲] 然後 罐子裡也有一些東西 我們有糖果 還有其他類似的食物 跟大家在地球上吃的一樣 看起來... 看起來很可口 但是實驗進展如何？ 可以向我們介紹實驗嗎？ 噢，嗯 [笑聲] 當然，我猜... 我猜你說的是 這些孩子送來的實驗吧？ - Amr 的實驗... - 沒錯 還有 Dorothy 和 Sara 的實驗 這些實驗都跟我在一起 一起在太空中 這是間隙 French: car nous voulons éviter les miettes de pain coincées dans les cheveux. Beaucoup d'aliments lyophilisés ou déshydratés pour être exacte. Nous avons un hydrateur juste ici. Là, c'est du chou-fleur et des épinards. Si ma maman me regarde, qu'elle se rassure, je mange mes 5 fruits et légumes par jour. [rires] Et puis, bien sûr, nous avons des conserves, et des bonbons, et d'autres choses du genre, qu'on aime tous manger. Ça m'a l'air… Ça m'a l'air très bon, mais qu'en est-il des expériences ? On peut les voir ? Oh… je vois. [rires] Bien sûr. Vous parlez des projets envoyés par nos jeunes amis, je suppose ? Le projet d'Amr… – Oui. Et celui de Dorothy et Sara… Je les ai ici. Ils sont bien dans l'espace. Voici un cylindre. Italian: perché il pane si sbriciola e poi va dappertutto e te lo ritrovi nei capelli e tra le cose. Un sacco di roba liofilizzata, o roba disidratata, devo dire, e abbiamo un idratatore proprio sopra di me. Qui ho un cavolfiore e anche degli spinaci, perché mia mamma probabilmente mi sta guardando e vuole che io mangi le verdure. [risata] E poi, naturalmente, ci sono cibi in lattina, e, ovviamente, abbiamo caramelle e altre cose simili che sono... lo sapete, che tutti amano mangiare sulla Terra. Nye: Uh, sembra proprio, uh... Sembra proprio delizioso, ma cosa ci dici degli esperimenti? Puoi mostrarci gli esperimenti? Oh. Mm-mmm. [risata] Williams: Certamente. Credo... Credo che tu stia pensando agli esperimenti che, uh, quei ragazzi hanno inviato, giusto? Gli esperimenti di Amr... Nye: Già. Williams: E gli esperimenti di Dorothy e Sara, che ho proprio qui con me. Eccoli qui nello spazio. Questo è un gap. iw: כי לחם עושה פירורים, וזה עושה בלגן ונכנס לשיער. הרבה דברים שיובשו בהקפאה, או יותר נכון, דברים מיובשים, יש ממיים (הידרטור) פה מעלי. יש פה כרובית וגם תרד, כי אמא שלי בטח צופה ורוצה לוודא שאני אוכלת ירקות. [צחוק] וכמובן, יש קופסאות שימורים, ויש לנו ממתקים ודברים כאלה, שכולם אוהבים לאכול בכדור הארץ. ניי: זה נראה... זה נראה טעים. אבל מה עם הניסויים? את יכולה להראות לנו את הניסויים? או. הממ. [צחוק] וויליאמס: בהחלט. נראה לי - נראה לי שאתה מתכוון לניסויים שהם שלחו הנה, נכון? הניסויים של עאמר... ניי: כן. וויליאמס: והניסויים של דורותי ושרה. הם כאן איתי. אז הם אתנו בחלל. זה ניסוי המרווח. Korean: 빵은 부스러져서 어질러지고 머리카락 같은 곳에 들어가요. 대부분 동결 건조 식품이나 건조식품이라고 해야겠네요. 그리고 제 바로 위에 하이드레이터가 있어요. 이것은 꽃양배추이고 여기에는 시금치가 있어요. 저희 엄마가 볼지도 모르고 제가 채소를 잘 먹고 있는지 알고 싶으실테니까요. [웃음] 그리고 물론 통조림 음식도 있어요. 사탕도 있고요. 그 외 다른 것들, 이를 테면 지구에서 모두들 먹고 싶어하는 것들이 있어요. 그렇군요. 음식들이 맛있어 보이네요. 그러면 실험에 대해 이야기해 볼까요? 실험을 보여줄 수 있나요? 오, 음... [웃음] 물론이죠, 음... 이 친구들이 보낸 실험을 말씀하시는 거죠? Amr의 실험... 네. 그리고 Dorothy와 Sara의 실험요. 모두 여기 함께 있어요. 여기 우주에 같이 있어요. 이것이 간격이에요. Dutch: omdat brood een beetje kruimelig is en dan wordt het zo'n rommel en het gaat in je haar zitten en zo. Veel gevriesdroogde dingen, of gedehydrateerde dingen, zou ik moeten zeggen, en hier boven mij hebben we een hydrator. Hier zit bloemkool in en spinazie, want m'n moeder kijkt waarschijnlijk en ze wil weten of ik wel groente eet. [gelach] En er is uiteraard eten in blik, en we hebben natuurlijk snoep en dat soort dingen, die iedereen op aarde graag eet. Nye: Het ziet er... Het ziet er heerlijk uit, maar hoe zit het met de experimenten? Kun je ons de experimenten laten zien? Oh. Mmmm. [gelach] Williams: Natuurlijk. Ik denk... Ik denk dat je doelt op de experimenten die jullie daar omhoog hebben gestuurd, of niet? Amr's experimenten... Nye: Ja. Williams: En de experimenten van Dorothy en Sara, en die heb ik hier. Ik heb ze hier in de ruimte. Dit is een GAP. Portuguese: porque pão deixa migalhas e causa uma confusão, fica preso no cabelo. Bastante comida preservada, ou devo dizer, desidratada. Temos uma máquina para isso. Isso é couve-flor, também temos espinafre, já que minha mãe está assistindo e quer ter certeza que estou comendo vegetais. [risos] Também temos comidas enlatadas e, claro, balas e outras variedades, assim como na Terra, Nye: Parece... Parece delicioso. E os experimentos? Pode nos mostrar os experimentos? Ah. [risos] Williams: Claro. Acho que... Você está falando dos experimentos que esse pessoal enviou para cá, certo? O experimento de Amr... Nye: Isso. Williams: E o de Dorothy e Sara. Eles estão aqui comigo. Estão aqui no espaço. Esta é uma lacuna. Spanish: porque el pan está lleno de migas, y se hace un desorden y se mete entre el cabello y las cosas. Un montón de alimentos secos congelados, o alimentos deshidratados, yo diría, y tenemos un hidratador justo arriba mío. Esto es coliflor y también espinaca aquí, porque mi mamá probablemente esté mirando y quiere saber si estoy comiendo mis verduras. [risas] Y luego, por supuesto, hay alimentos enlatados, y desde luego, tenemos caramelos y otras cosas así, de las que, ustedes saben, a todos les gusta comer en la tierra. Nye: mmm se ve... Se ve delicioso, ¿y qué puedes decirnos de los experimentos? ¿Puedes mostrarnos los experimentos? Uh...Mm-mmm. [risas] Williams: Absolutamente. Creo... Creo que están pensando en los experimentos que estos jóvenes nos mandaron, ¿cierto? Los experimentos de Amr... Nye: Sí. Williams: Y los experimentos de Dorothy y Sara, y están acá mismo conmigo. Así que los tengo acá en el espacio. Esta es una fisura. Polish: bo chleb się kruszy i robi bałagan. Okruchy wpadają we włosy i inne miejsca. Mamy sporo mrożonych czy właściwie suszonych potraw. Nade mną jest nawilżacz. Tu mam kalafior i szpinak. Moja mama pewnie to ogląda i chciałaby wiedzieć, że jem warzywa. Są też rzeczy w puszkach oraz oczywiście cukierki i inne słodycze, które każdy lubi jeść na Ziemi. Nye: To wygląda jak... To wygląda pysznie, ale co z eksperymentami? Możesz nam je pokazać? Mhm. Williams: Oczywiście. Pewnie mówisz o eksperymentach, które przesłali ci młodzi ludzie, tak? Eksperyment Amra... Nye: Tak. Williams: ...oraz eksperyment Dorothy i Sary. Mam je ze sobą. Są ze mną w kosmosie. To jest zestaw GAP Czech: protože chleba se tu hodně drobí a je pak všude, máte ho ve vlasech a tak. Taky máme hodně sušeného jídla, přesněji řečeno dehydrovaného, hydrátor je přímo tady nade mnou. Tady je květák a taky špenát, protože se jistě dívá moje matka, tak ať vidí, že jím zeleninu. [smích] A pak máme samozřejmě věci v konzervách a taky sladkosti a jiné věci, které máte rádi i dole na Zemi. Nye: Vypadá to... Vypadá to chutně. A jak se daří experimenty? Můžeš nám ukázat naše pokusy? Aha. Mňam. [smích] Williamsová: Určitě. Asi myslíš ty experimenty, které vymysleli tvoji hosté? Amrův experiment... Nye: Ano. Williamsová: A experiment Dorothy a Sary, mám je přímo zde. Takže je opravdu máme ve vesmíru. Tady je schránka. Arabic: لأن الخبز يكون مقرمشًا قليلاً وبالتالي يتخلف عنه حبيبات تعلق في الشعر والأغراض. هناك أطعمة جافة ومجمدة، أو أطعمة مجففة، على الأصح، ولدينا جهاز للحفاظ على الرطوبة في الطعام فوقي. هذا قنبيط ويوجد أيضًا سبانخ هنا، لأن أمي على الأرجح تشاهدنا وتريد التأكد من أنني أتناول خضروات. [ضحك] ولدينا، بالطبع، أطعمة في علب، وبالطبع، لدينا حلوى وأشياء أخرى مثل ذلك، التي يحب الجميع تناولها على الأرض. ناي: آه، إنها تبدو... إنها تبدو لذيذة، لكن ماذا عن التجارب؟ هل يمكننا أن نشاهد التجارب؟ أوه، اممم. [ضحك] ويليامز: بالتأكيد. أعتقد-- أعتقد أنكم تقصدون التجارب التي أرسلها هؤلاء الشباب، أليس كذلك؟ تجربة عمرو... ناي: نعم. ويليامز: وتجربة دورثي وسارة، إنها معي هنا. إنها معي هنا في الفضاء. هذه حاوية للتفاوت. Spanish: Este es el experimento de Dorothy y Sara. Y creo que ha cambiado un poco de color desde el momento en que se lanzó. Antes, era un poco más rojo, y, después, lo combinamos en el experimento GAP. Y, ahora, al entrar en contacto con la tinta, obviamente el color ha cambiado, lo que significa que sin lugar a dudas hay algún indicio de crecimiento. Pero tendremos que esperar a ver el resultado cuando el experimento vuelva a la Tierra en el Space X a finales de octubre. Nye: Por tanto, aquí es donde está la tinta que cambia con la acidez. De esta forma, cuando la bacteria se metaboliza... ¡Guau! A medida que se metaboliza, cambia de color, exacto. Chicas, ¿queréis hacerle alguna pregunta en este momento? Williams: Exactamente. Y el otro experimento... Nye: Oh, lo siento, perdona. Williams: Que creo que... El otro experimento que creo que queréis ver, si conseguimos que la cámara lo enfoque, es, obviamente, nuestra pequeña Nefertiti de aquí. Spanish: Este es el de Dorothy y Sara. Y muestra un leve cambio de color respecto a cuando, como recuerdan, se lanzó. Antes era un poco más rojo, y luego lo combinamos en el experimento de la fisura. Y entonces ahora, obviamente, con el tinte, han cambiado, lo que significa que hay alguna... definitivamente alguna indicación de desarrollo. Pero tendremos que ver cómo sigue eso cuando vuelvan a la tierra en Espacio X, próximamente a finales de octubre. Nye: Entonces aquí es donde tenemos el tinte que cambia con la acidez, y entonces, a medida que las bacterias metabolizan, ¡wow! a medida que metabolizan, cambia de color, claro. ¿Chicos, quieren hacerle alguna pregunta ahora? Williams: Exactamente. Y el otro experimento... Nye: Oh, disculpa, disculpa. Williams: Que creo que... El otro experimento que creo que ustedes quieren observar, si podemos lograr... que la cámara lo enfoque, es, por supuesto, nuestra pequeña Nefertiti aquí. Russian: Это опыт Дороти и Сары. И здесь наблюдается небольшое изменение окраски по сравнению с первоначальным цветом. До этого сосуд был немного краснее, а затем мы выпустили микробов в нижнюю камеру. Так что этот цвет говорит о том, что они изменились. Налицо признаки роста. Но ещё нужно будет проверить, что произойдет, когда они вернутся на Землю на корабле Space X. Это будет в конце октября. НАЙ. То есть здесь у нас меняется цвет в зависимости от кислотности, и когда бактерии метаболизируют… Вау! Когда они метаболизируют, меняется цвет. Ребята, у вас есть вопросы к Суните? УИЛЬЯМС. Совершенно верно! И второй эксперимент… НАЙ. Прошу прощения! УИЛЬЯМС. Я думаю, здесь… И второй эксперимент, на который вам будет интересно взглянуть, если мы сможем навести резкость… Это наша малышка Нефертити. Portuguese: Este é o de Dorothy e Sara. Ele mostra uma pequena mudança de cor de quando foi lançado. Antes era um pouco mais avermelhado e depois nós misturamos no experimento da lacuna. Com o corante, elas modificaram, indicando que houve um crescimento. Mas temos que esperar até o regresso à Terra na Space X, que ocorrerá no final de outubro. Nye: É aí que o corante, que se modifica com a acidez à medida que as bactérias metabolizam... Uau! À medida que metabolizam, elas trocam de cor. Alguma pergunta para ela? Williams: Exato. E o outro experimento. Nye: Desculpa. Williams: Acho que... O outro experimento, acho que vocês vão querer olhar, se conseguirmos focalizar a câmera. É nossa pequena Nefertiti. Italian: Questo è di Dorothy e Sara. Si vede che il colore è un po' cambiato da quando, ricordate, è stato lanciato. Prima era un po' più rosso, poi li abbiamo combinati nell'esperimento con il gap. Quindi ora, ovviamente, con la tinta sono cambiati, il che indica un... decisamente un segno di crescita. Ma dovremo vedere come procede quando vengono riportati sulla Terra sulla Space X, che verrà quassù alla fine di ottobre. Nye: Quindi qui c'è una tinta che cambia con l'acidità, e quindi quando i batteri metabolizzano... wow! Mentre metabolizzano, cambia colore, già. Allora, voi ragazzi avete una domanda per lei in questo momento? Williams: Esattamente. E l'altro esperimento... Nye: Oh, scusa, scusa. Williams: Che secondo me, uh... L'altro esperimento che secondo me voi ragazzi volete esaminare se riusciamo a... metterlo a fuoco con la videocamera, è quello con la nostra piccola Nefertiti. Polish: wybrany przez Dorothy i Sarę. Widać lekką zmianę koloru w porównaniu do chwili startu. Wcześniej płyn był bardziej czerwony, zanim połączyliśmy komory w zestawie GAP. Dzięki barwnikowi widać teraz zmianę, co oznacza, że bakterie bez wątpienia się rozwijają. Ostateczny wynik poznamy, gdy bakterie pod koniec października wrócą statkiem Space X na Ziemię. Nye: Barwnik zmienia się pod wpływem kwasowości i informuje o metabolizmie bakterii. Ich metabolizm powoduje zmianę koloru. Chcecie zadać jakieś pytanie? Williams: Dokładnie. Drugi eksperyment... Nye: Och, przepraszam. Williams: ...który pewnie... Drugi eksperyment, który pewnie chcecie zobaczyć, o ile uda nam się ustawić ostrość kamery, to oczywiście nasza mała Nefertiti. iw: זה הניסוי של דורותי ושרה. ואפשר לראות שינוי קל בצבע בהשוואה לזמן השיגור, אם אתה זוכר. הוא היה קודם קצת יותר אדום, ואז שילבנו אותם בניסוי המרווח. וכעת, מן הסתם, עם חומר הצביעה, הם השתנו, מה שבהחלט מצביע על גדילה. אבל נצטרך לראות מה המצב שהניסויים יחזרו לכדור הארץ ב-Space X לקראת סוף אוקטובר. ניי: אז יש כאן צבע שמשתנה בהתאם לחומציות, וכאשר יש חילוף חומרים של החיידקים - וואו! כאשר יש חילוף חומרים, הצבע משתנה. יש לכם שאלה אליה כרגע? וויליאמס: בדיוק. והניסוי השני... ניי: סליחה, סליחה. וויליאמס: שאני מניחה... הניסוי השני שאני מניחה שתרצו לבחון, אם אני אוכל לגרום למצלמה להתמקד, הוא כמובן נפרטיטי הקטנה שלנו. Arabic: هذه تجربة دورثي وسارة. وقد تغير لونها قليلاً عما كانت عليه عند إطلاقها، كما تذكرون. من قبل، فهي أكثر احمرارًا إلى حد ما، ثم جمعناها في تجربة حاوية التفاوت. والآن، يتضح من خلال الصبغة، حدوث تغيير، والذي يعني أن هناك بعض-- حتمًا هناك دلالة على النمو. لكن يجب أن نرى كيف ستجري الأمور عندما تعود إلى الأرض عبر "Space X"، التي ستصعد إلى هنا في نهاية شهر تشرين الأول (أكتوبر). ناي: إذن حيثما توجد الصبغة يحدث التغير من خلال الحمضية، وبالتالي، عند حدوث عملية أيض البكتريا، هوو-- عند حدوث عملية أيض البكتريا، يتغير اللون. إذن هل لديكم يا شباب سؤال تريدون توجيهه لها الآن؟ ويليامز: تمامًا. والتجربة الأخرى-- ناي: أوه، عذرًا، عذرًا. ويليامز: والتي أعتقد، آه... التجربة الأخرى التي أعتقد أنكم أيها الشباب تريدون إلقاء نظرة عليها، لنحاول أن نجعلها-- في نطاق تركيز الكاميرا، هذه، بالطبع، نفرتيتي الصغيرة هنا. Czech: Je v ní experiment Dorothy a Sary. A vidíme, že se od doby, kdy jsme odstartovali, trochu změnila barva. Nejdřív byly zkumavky více červené, a pak jsme je ve schránce promíchali. Teď je díky barvivu vidět, že se barva změnila, takže je jasně patrné, že se bakterie množí. Ale uvidíme, jak budou vypadat, až se vrátí na Zemi v modulu Space X, který se vrací na konci října. Nye: To znamená, že je tam barvivo, které mění barvu podle kyselosti, takže když bakterie metabolizují – jejda! – – když metabolizují, tak se změní barva. Máte v tuto chvíli nějaké dotazy? Williamsová: Přesně tak. A druhý experiment – Nye: Pardon, pardon. Williamsová: – na který se... Druhý experiment, na který se budete chtít podívat, pokud se mi podaří zaostřit kameru, je samozřejmě naše malá Nefertiti. German: Das hier ist von Dorothy und Sara. Die Farbe hat sich ein wenig verändert im Vergleich zum Anfang der Mission. Zuerst war da ein bisschen mehr Rot, und dann kombinierten wir sie im Zwischenraum. Wenn man von der Farbe ausgeht, gab es eine Veränderung. Das ist definitiv ein Hinweis auf Wachstum. Aber wir werden sehen, wie es weitergeht, wenn sie mit Space X zur Erde zurückkommen. Das wird Ende Oktober sein. Also der Farbstoff ändert sich mit dem Säuregehalt. Und beim Stoffwechsel der Bakterien ändert sich die Farbe. Habt ihr bis hierher eine Frage? Genau, und das andere Experiment... Oh, Entschuldigung. ...auf das ihr sicher auch gerne einen Blick werfen möchtet, falls die Kamera das einfangen kann, Das ist natürlich unsere kleine Nofretete hier. Japanese: ドロシーとサラの実験です 最初と比べて 色が少し変わっています 前はもう少し赤くて ギャップの実験で 色素が出てきて これは明らかに 成長の証拠です これから地球に戻って どう変わるのかを10月末に 確認する必要があります ナイ: その色素が酸度と共に 変化して、つまりバクテリアが 新陳代謝を...ワオ！ 新陳代謝と共に色を変えたと 君たち、何か質問は？ ウィリアムズ: そのとおり もう1つの実験では ナイ: あ、失礼 ウィリアムズ: これです もっと近くで見てください カメラのフォーカスを 合わせると クモのネフェルティティが English: This is Dorothy and Sara's. And it shows a little bit change of color from when, you remember, it launched. It was, before, a little bit more red, and then we combined them in the gap experiment. And so now, obviously, with the dye, they've changed, which means there's some-- definitely some indication of growth. But we'll have to see how that goes when they get returned to Earth on Space X, coming up at the end of October. Nye: So this is where there's a dye that changes with the acidity, and so when, as the bacteria metabolize--whoa! As they metabolize, it changes color, yeah. So do you guys have a question for her right now? Williams: Exactly. And the other experiment's-- Nye: Oh, sorry, sorry. Williams: Which I think, uh... The other experiment which I think you guys want to take a look at, if we can get it-- the camera to focus, is, of course, our little Nefertiti here. French: C'est le projet de Dorothy et Sara. On voit qu'il a légèrement changé de couleur depuis le décollage. La couleur était plus rouge avant que nous les mélangions. De toute évidence, elles ont changé au contact de la teinture, ce qui indique qu'il y a réellement eu reproduction des bactéries. Mais nous verrons ce qui se passera à leur retour sur Terre avec Space X à la fin du mois d'octobre. Donc la couleur de la teinture change en fonction de l'acidité obtenue par la métabolisation des bactéries. Dis donc ! La couleur change lorsqu'elles se métabolisent. Avez-vous des questions pour Sunita ? Exactement. Et l'autre expérience… Oh, pardon… L'autre expérience que vous souhaitez voir, si on peut… montrer en gros plan… C'est notre petite Nefertiti. Korean: Dorothy와 Sara의 실험이죠. 색이 약간 변했네요. 론치했을 때의 색과 달라요. 전에는 약간 더 붉은 색이었어요. 그런 다음 우리가 간격 실험에서 이들을 결합했어요. 그랬더니 지금은 보시다시피 염료로 색상이 변했어요. 그러니까 어느 정도 분명히 성장의 징후가 보여요. 하지만 실험이 이번 10월 말에 Space X를 통해 지구에 돌아갔을 때 어떻게 진행되는지 확인해야 해요. 그러니까 이것이 산성에 따라 변화하는 염료가 있는 곳이군요. 그래서 박테리아가 대사 작용을 하면... 와! 대사 작용을 하면 색이 변하는 군요. 여러분, 지금 질문이 있나요? 그렇죠. 그리고 다른 실험의... 아, 죄송합니다. 제 생각엔 여러분이 다른 실험도 보고 싶어 하실 것 같네요. 제가 카메라 초점을 맞출 수 있다면.... 아, 여기에 우리의 작은 네페르티티가 있네요. Dutch: Deze is van Dorothy en Sara. De kleur is iets anders dan zoals jullie je herinneren, bij de lancering. Eerder was het iets roder, en toen combineerden we ze in het Group Activation Pack. En vanwege de kleurstof zijn ze veranderd, wat betekent dat er... dat duidt op groei. Maar we moeten zien hoe dat gaat wanneer ze terugkeren naar de aarde in de Space X, eind oktober. Nye: Daar zit een kleurstof in die verandert met de zuurtegraad, dus als de bacteriën metaboliseren – wow! Als ze metaboliseren, verandert de kleur. Hebben jullie vragen voor haar? Williams: Precies. En het andere experiment... Nye: O, sorry. Williams: Dat jullie denk ik, eh... Het andere experiment dat jullie denk ik graag willen zien, als het lukt... als de camera kan scherpstellen, is natuurlijk onze kleine Nefertitit hier. Chinese: 這是 Dorothy 和 Sara 的實驗 在升空之後，它的顏色 已經有了一些變化 先前顏色比較紅 後來我們將它與間隙實驗結合 因此現在，很明顯 顏色改變了 這表示... 絕對有某些生長跡象 但我們還要等到 10 月底 Space X 將這項實驗載回地球時 再觀察結果發展 所以其中的顏色 因為酸性而改變 也就是細菌正在新陳代謝... 哇！ 細菌新陳代謝時，顏色也會改變 各位現在有問題想要請教她嗎？ 另一項實驗的... 噢，不好意思 我認為，呃... 我想各位應該會 想看看其他實驗 如果我們... 可以讓攝影機對焦 這是我們的小娜芙蒂蒂 French: Voyons si vous pouvez la voir. – Qu'elle est mignonne… – Vous pouvez la voir ? On la voit bien, oui. Je vois des tas de mouches mortes. Elle fait un peu peur. Je crois qu'elle a bien mangé. [rires] Amr, as-tu une question au sujet de ton araignée ? Oui, j'ai une question. Je vois qu'il y a des mouches mortes prises dans la toile. Mais, l'avez-vous vu sauter sur ses proies ? Oui. Elle était dans son CGBA… Pardon, dans son habitat, et aussi dans ce coffre où les gars ont pu la filmer… Spanish: Veamos si podemos enfocarla, esperen. Nye: Es bonita y... Williams: ¿puedes verla? Nye: Está enfocada, sí. Veo muchas moscas muertas. Williams: Da un poco de miedo. Parece que ha estado comiendo bien. [riendo] Nye: Entonces, Amr, ¿tienes alguna pregunta acerca de tu araña? Mohamed: Sí, voy a hacerte una pregunta. Veo que hay muchas moscas muertas desparramadas por los hilos de seda. ¿Pudieron verla cuando saltaba? Williams: Así es. Ustedes saben, estaba en la CGBA... Quiero decir, disculpen, allí en su hábitat, y luego también en el locker donde los muchachos de instrumentos científicos pudieron verla con la cámara, Russian: Сейчас попробуем взять ее в фокус, секунду. НАЙ. Симпатяга… УИЛЬЯМС. Вам ее видно? НАЙ. Да, видно. И нам видно много мертвых мошек. УИЛЬЯМС. Она немного напугана. Думаю, с питанием у нее проблем не было. [смеется] НАЙ. Амир, ничего не хочешь спросить о своем паучке? МУХАММЕД. Да, у меня есть вопрос. Я вижу много мошек в паутине. А вы наблюдали сам прыжок? УИЛЬЯМС. Да, конечно! Она была в коммерческом биопроцессорном аппарате, то есть в своем ящике, а потом ещё в контейнере, где члены экипажа могли снимать ее на камеру… Portuguese: Vamos tentar vê-la com foco. Nye: Muito bonita. Williams: Conseguem vê-la? Nye: Sim, está em foco. Vejo muitas moscas mortas. Williams: Ela é assustadora. Ela está comendo bem. [risos] Nye: Amr, tem alguma pergunta sobre sua aranha? Mohamed: Sim, tenho uma. Vejo muitas moscas mortas penduradas nas linhas de seda. Você conseguiu vê-la saltando? Williams: Sim. Ela estava no CGBA... quer dizer, no habitat dela e também no compartimento onde o pessoal do carregamento conseguiu filmá-la Spanish: Veamos si podemos enfocarla, un momento... Nye: Es preciosa y... Williams: ¿Podéis verla? Nye: Sí, está enfocada. Veo muchas moscas muertas. Williams: Da un poco de miedo. Creo que ha estado comiendo bien. [risas] Nye: Bueno, Amr, ¿tienes alguna pregunta sobre tu araña? Mohamed: Sí, me gustaría hacerte una pregunta. Veo que hay muchas moscas muertas cerca de los hilos de seda. ¿Has podido ver en realidad si ha saltado? Williams: Sí, claro. La araña estaba en el CGBA... Perdón, me refiero a su hábitat, y luego también en el depósito en el que el equipo de carga útil pudo verla con la cámara, iw: בוא נראה אם היא יכולה להיות בפוקוס, חכו. ניי: היא יפה, ו - וויליאמס: אתם מצליחים לראות אותה? ניי: כן, היא בפוקוס. אני רואה הרבה זבובים מתים. וויליאמס: היא קצת מפחידה. אני חושבת שהיא אוכלת טוב. [מצחקקת] ניי: עאמר, יש לך שאלה על העכבישה שלך? מוחמד: כן, יש לי שאלה בשבילך. אני רואה שיש הרבה זבובים מתים שתלויים על חוטי המשי. יצא לך לראות אותה מבצעת את הקפיצה? וויליאמס: בהחלט. היא היתה במתקן ה-CGBA, סליחה, בבית הגידול שלה כאן, וכן בתא שבו אנשי המטען יכלו לראות אותה באמצעות המצלמה, Polish: Sprawdźmy, czy uda się ustawić na niej ostrość. Nye: Jest piękna. Williams: Widzicie ją? Nye: Mamy ostrość, tak. Widzę dużo martwych muszek. Williams: Jest nieco straszna. Myślę, że dobrze się odżywia. Nye: Amr, masz jakieś pytanie na temat swojego pająka? Mohamed: Tak, chcę o coś zapytać. Widzę wiele martwych muszek wiszących w pajęczynach. Czy widziałaś, jak ona skacze? Williams: O tak. Była w CGBA, przepraszam, to znaczy w swoim habitacie umieszczonym w szafce, gdzie obsługa naziemna widzi ją przez kamerę. Korean: 초점을 맞출 수 있는지 보도록 하죠. 잠깐 기다리세요. Nye: 예쁜데요. Sunni: 보이세요? 네, 초점이 맞춰졌어요. 죽은 파리도 많이 보여요. 약간 무서운데요. 잘 먹고 있는 것 같아요. [웃음] 그러면 Amr, 거미에 대해 질문이 있나요? 네, 물어볼께요. 제가 보기에 많은 죽은 파리들이 거미줄에 매달려 있는데요. 거미가 실제로 점프하는지 보셨나요? 아, 네. 아시다시피 거미는 CGBA에 있었어요. 제 말은, 죄송합니다, 해비텟에 말이죠. 락커에도 있었구요. 우주선에 탑승한 기술자들이 카메라로 관찰할 수 있었죠. English: Let's see if she can get in focus, hold on. Nye: She's pretty and-- Williams: Can you see her? Nye: She's in focus, yeah. I see a lot of dead flies. Williams: She's a little scary. I think she's been eating well. [chuckling] Nye: So, Amr, do you have a question about your spider here? Mohamed: Uh, yeah, I'll ask you a question. So I see there are a lot of dead flies hanging around in the silk threads. Did you get to see her actually do the jump? Williams: Oh, yeah. You know, she was in the CGBA-- I mean, I'm sorry, um-- in her habitat there, and then also in the locker where the payload folks were able to see her with the camera, Chinese: 來看看她能不能清楚點，穩住 - 她很可愛... - 你看得到她嗎？ 很清楚 我看到一堆死掉的果蠅 她有點膽小 我想她吃得很好 [咯咯笑聲] Amr，你有任何 關於你蜘蛛的問題嗎？ 呃，我想請問您 我看到有許多死掉的果蠅 掛在蛛絲四周 但您有實際看到她跳躍嗎？ 噢，當然 她待在 CGBA 中... 抱歉，在她的棲地中 也在這個箱子裡面 我們可以透過攝影機觀察她的行為 German: Mal sehen, ob man sie scharfstellen kann. Sie ist ganz süß. Könnt ihr sie sehen? Ja, wir können sie sehen. Ich sehe viele tote Fliegen. Sie ist ein bisschen unheimlich. Sie hat wohl ganz gut gegessen.   Amr, hast du eine Frage zu deiner Spinne hier? Ja, ich möchte eine Frage stellen. Da sind eine Menge toter Fliegen in den Spinnweben. Haben Sie sie richtig springen gesehen? Oh, ja. Sie war hier in ihrem Gehege, und dann in diesem Fach hier. Da konnten wir sie mit der Kamera beobachten, Arabic: لنرى ما إذا كان يمكن التركيز عليها، انتظروا. ناي: إنها جميلة-- ويليامز: هل يمكنكم رؤيتها؟ ناي: نعم، تم التركيز عليها. أرى العديد من الذبابات الميتة. ويليامز: إنها مخيفة قليلاً. أعتقد أنها كانت تأكل جيدًا. [ضحك] ناي: إذن، عمرو، هل لديك سؤال حول العنكبوت؟ محمد: آه، نعم، سأوجه لك سؤالاً. أرى أن هناك الكثير من الذبابات الميتة المشتبكة في خيوط الحرير. فهل تمكنت من رؤيتها أثناء القفز فعلاً؟ ويليامز: أوه، نعم. لقد كانت في CGBA-- أقصد، عذرًا، امم-- في بيئتها هناك، وكذلك في الخزانة حيث استطاع طاقم الحمولة رؤيتها باستخدام الكاميرا، Dutch: Laten we eens kijken of ze scherp in beeld kan komen, wacht even. Nye: Ze is mooi en– Williams: Kunnen jullie haar zien? Nye: Ja, ze is scherp in beeld. Ik zie een hoop dode vliegen. Williams: Ze is een beetje eng. Volgens mij eet ze goed. [grinnikt] Nye: Amr, heb je een vraag over onze spin? Mohamed: Ja, ik zou iets willen vragen. Ik zie dat er veel dode vliegen in de zijden draden hangen. Heb je ook echt gezien of ze ze besprong? Williams: Absoluut. Ze zat in de CGBA... Sorry, ze zat hier in haar habitat, en in het kastje waar de mensen van de controleapparatuur haar met de camera konden zien, Czech: Zkusíme na ni zaostřit, vydržte chvíli. Nye: Je krásná – Williamsová: Vidíte? Nye: Ano, vidíme ji. A je tam spousta mrtvých much. Williams: Vypadá trochu strašidelně. Myslím, že se jí daří dobře. [smích] Nye: Amre, máš nějaký dotaz ohledně svého pavouka? Mohamed: Ano, určitě mám dotaz. Vidím, že je tam v pavučinách spousta mrtvých mušek. Viděla jste ji při lovu skákat? Williamsová: No ano. Byla v zařízení CGBA – Tedy přesněji řečeno ve svém teráriu, které bylo v této schránce, kde ji mohla posádka pozorovat a fotit, Japanese: 見えるでしょ？ ナイ: 美人だね ウィリアムズ: 見えますか？ ナイ: はっきりと ハエの死骸もたくさん ウィリアムズ: 彼女、ちょっと怖いですね たくさん食べたみたい [笑] ナイ: モハマド、質問はある？ 君のクモについて モハマド: はい、あります クモの巣にたくさん ハエの死骸がついてますが クモがジャンプするところを見ましたか？ ウィリアムズ: ええ クモはずっとCGBAに つまりクモの住みかにいて ロッカーの中で 実験担当のスタッフがカメラで撮影しました Italian: Vediamo se riusciamo a metterla a fuoco, tieniti forte. Nye: È carina e... Williams: Riuscite a vederla? Nye: È a fuoco, sì. Vedo un sacco di mosche morte. Williams: Fa un po' la timida. Penso che stia mangiando bene. [ridacchia] Nye: Dunque, Amr, hai una domanda sul tuo ragno? Mohamed: Uh, sì, ho una domanda per lei. Vedo che ci sono un sacco di mosche morte appese ai fili delle ragnatele. È riuscita a vederla mentre faceva effettivamente il salto? Williams: Oh, sì. Sai, è successo nel CGBA... Cioè, scusa... nel suo habitat, e anche nel deposito, dove gli addetti all'equipaggiamento sono riusciti a riprenderla con la videocamera, German: und das war... das hier gehört in das Fach. Manchmal habe ich sie und Kleopatra natürlich herausgenommen und gefüttert, indem ich die Kolben geöffnet habe. So konnten mehr Fruchtfliegen herauskommen. Einmal war dabei die Lampe eingeschaltet. Wie ihr wisst, jagen sie ja bei Tag. Ich wollte nur mal sehen, ob ich einen Blick erhaschen kann. Und dann sah ich sie. Ja!. Sie schlich sich an eine Fliege heran. Die arme kleine Fruchtfliege hat gar nichts bemerkt. Und sie beobachtete die Fliege und kam näher und näher, und dann sprang sie direkt auf die Fliege. Das war unglaublich. Die Spinnen haben sich perfekt an den Weltraum angepasst. Das war richtig beeindruckend. Wow. Man sieht Ihnen an, dass Sie sehr beeindruckt waren. Das ist sehr cool. Die Spinne kann sich also anpassen, wie von dir vorhergesagt. Nun zu Sara und Dorothy. Habt ihr eine Frage an Sunny? Ja. Hallo Sunny. Wir haben uns gefragt, ob Sie Unterschiede bei der Farbintensität der Reagenzgläser sehen können. Korean: 바로 여기에 들어 있어요. 그렇지만 가끔씩 클레오파트라와 함께 꺼내어 먹이를 주었죠. 아시겠지만, 플런저를 열어서 더 많은 초파리들이 나올 수 있도록 해서 말이죠. 그런데 어느날 먹이를 주고 있는데 이렇게 불을 켜놓고 있었거든요. 왜냐하면 아시다시피 거미는 낮에 사냥을 하니까요. 저는 관찰하고 싶어서 거미가 잘 보이는지 확인했어요. 그런데, 세상에, 거미가 초파리에게 접근하는 것을 보았아요. 불쌍한 작은 초파리가 알아채지 못하게 말이죠. 그리고 나서 초파리를 보고 있다가 정말 가까이 간 다음 갑자기 초파리 바로 위로 점프했어요. 놀라웠어요. 그래서 거미가 우주에 완전히 적응했다고 생각해요. 정말 믿을 수 없는 광경이었어요. 와, 대단하군요. 지금 제가 보기에도 정말 감동받으신 것 같아요. 멋진데요. 그러니까 거미는 적응할 수 있군요. Amr가 예측한 그대로요. 이번에는, Sara, Dorothy, Sunny씨에게 질문이 있나요? 네, Sunny씨, 안녕하세요? 어떤 차이가 있는지 궁금해요. 그러니까 각 테스트 튜브가 얼마나 노랗게 되어서 Japanese: この中で ときどきこのクモと もう1匹のクレオパトラを出して プランジャーを開けてショウジョウバエを 追加して出しました ある日、明るいところで 実験をしました ハエトリグモは昼行性なので 捕食行動を見られると思いました するとクモはショウジョウバエに 忍び寄って ハエを見つめながら すぐ近くまで行くと ジャンプして襲いかかったのです 驚くべき光景でした クモは無重力状態に適応したのです 信じられない出来事でした ナイ: ほう！ その様子ではかなりのインパクトですね とても興味深い結果です つまり、モハマドが予言したとおり 宇宙に適応したわけだね サラとドロシーは 何か質問はあるかい？ ドロシー: はい、サニー 各試験管に入っていた 媒体の違いによって Chinese: 也就是這裡面的狀況 但我偶爾 會將她和克麗奧佩脫拉取出 並且開啟柱塞，開始餵食他們 開啟範圍太大的話 果蠅可能會跑出來 某天，我在進行這項工作時 把燈像這樣開著 因為跳蛛都在日間獵食 我想要觀察看看她 然後我發現她悄悄接近一隻果蠅 那隻可憐的小果蠅什麼都沒發現 她就這樣盯著果蠅 直到非常接近 然後就在一瞬間 她就直接跳到果蠅身上了 非常驚人 所以我認為 跳蛛絕對可以適應太空環境 能目睹這情形真是太棒了 哇... 你看起來非常吃驚 真的很酷 所以...跳蛛可以適應環境 就跟你預測的一樣，Amr 那麼，Sara 和 Dorothy 你們有問題想請教 Sunny 嗎？ 有啊 嗨，Sunny 我們想知道 你是否有發現任何差異 比如說，每支試管的黃色 Polish: Wszystko jest zamknięte w tym pojemniku. Oczywiście co pewien czas wyjmuję ją i Kleopatrę, by je nakarmić, używając tłoczków i wpuszczając kolejne muszki owocowe. Pewnego dnia właśnie to robiłam. Światło było włączone, bo, jak wiecie, one polują w dzień. Stwierdziłam, że spróbuję ją wypatrzyć. Wtem zobaczyłam, jak skrada się do biednej, małej muszki, zupełnie nieświadomej zagrożenia. Pajęczyca patrzyła na muszkę i zbliżała się, aż nagle skoczyła prosto na nią. To było niesamowite. Pająki świetnie przystosowały się do warunków. To był niezwykły pokaz. Nye: Nieźle. Widzę, że jesteś pod dużym wrażeniem. To naprawdę fajnie. Pająkom udało się przystosować, tak jak przewidziałeś, Amr. Sara, Dorothy, macie jakieś pytanie do Sunny? Chen: Tak. Cześć, Sunny. Zastanawiałyśmy się, czy widzisz jakieś różnice między odcieniami żółci w probówkach, Spanish: y eso es lo que está contenido aquí mismo. Pero, de vez en cuando, obviamente, he sacado a Nefertiti y a Cleopatra y las he alimentado abriendo los émbolos para que salieran más moscas de la fruta. Y un día estaba haciendo precisamente eso y tenía la luz encendida como ahora porque las arañas suelen cazar durante el día. Y quería observar para intentar verla. Y, cuál fue mi sorpresa, la vi acechando a una mosca de la fruta, sin que lo supiera esa pobre mosquita de la fruta. Estaba mirándola y se encontraba realmente cerca de su presa y, de repente, saltó sobre ella. Fue increíble, así que creo que las arañas sin lugar a dudas se han adaptado al espacio. Fue increíble verlo. Nye: ¡Vaya! Me refiero a que... Te estoy mirando y veo que estás muy impresionado. En serio, eso es algo realmente increíble. Así que, las arañas pueden adaptarse al espacio, tal y como pronosticaste, Amr. Bueno, Sara y Dorothy, ¿queréis hacerle una pregunta a Sunny? Chen: Sí. Hola, Sunny. Queríamos preguntarte si has visto alguna diferencia en el color amarillo de cada tubo de ensayo Dutch: en dat was wat je hier ziet. Maar af en toe liet ik haar en Cleopatra eruit en gaf ze te eten, door de plunjers te openen zodat er meer fruitvliegjes uit kwamen. Op een dag deed ik dat. Ik had het licht aan, zoals nu, omdat ze overdag jagen. En ik wilde even goed kijken of ik haar kon zien. En toen zag ik haar een fruitvliegje besluipen, dat zich van geen kwaad bewust was, en ze keek ernaar en ze kwam heel dicht in de buurt, en opeens sprong ze er bovenop. Het was fantastisch om te zien, dus ik denk dat de spinnen zich absoluut aan de ruimte hebben aangepast. Het was geweldig om te zien. Nye: Wauw. Dat... Als ik zo naar je kijk, zie ik dat je ervan onder de indruk bent. Dat is echt heel cool. Dus de spin kan zich aanpassen, net zoals je voorspelde, Amr. Dus, Sara en Dorothy, hebben jullie een vraag voor Sunny? Chen: Ja. Hallo, Sunny. We vroegen ons af of je verschil hebt gezien in hoe geel elke reageerbuis is Italian: perché è questo che teniamo qui. Ma di tanto in tanto, naturalmente, ho fatto uscire lei e Cleopatra e ho dato loro da mangiare aprendo i divisori in modo che potessero uscire più moscerini della frutta. E un giorno stavo facendo proprio quello. Avevo le luci puntate così, perché, come sai, cacciano di giorno. Volevo dare un'occhiata per vedere se riuscivo a vederla. E, cavoli, l'ho vista che puntava un moscerino della frutta, all'insaputa del povero moscerino, lo osservava e si stava avvicinando molto e, tutto ad un tratto, è saltata su di lui. È stato incredibile, quindi penso che i ragni si siano assolutamente adattati nello spazio. È stato incredibile da vedere. Nye: Wow. Cioè... Lo vedo da me. Sei molto colpita. È davvero... no, è davvero forte. Quindi sono riusciti a... il ragno è riuscito ad adattarsi, proprio come avevi previsto, Amr. Dunque, uh, Sara, Dorothy, avete una domanda per Sunny? Chen: Sì. Salve, Sunny. Ci chiedevamo se ha notato qualche differenza nel giallo di ogni provetta Portuguese: é esse recipiente aqui. Mas às vezes eu pegava ela e a Cleópatra e as alimentava, abrindo os êmbolos e liberando as moscas. Um dia, eu fiz isso, e a luz estava acesa, desta forma, porque, como sabem, elas caçam durante o dia. Eu quis dar uma olhada nela. E a vi espreitando uma mosca, sem que a mosca percebesse. Ela estava olhando e se aproximando e, de repente, ela saltou sobre a mosca. Foi incrível, e acho que as aranhas se adaptam ao espaço. Foi incrível de assistir. Nye: Uau. Então quer dizer... Estou vendo que está impressionada. Foi muito legal. E a aranha conseguiu se adaptar, bem como você disse, Amr. Sara, Dorothy, vocês têm uma pergunta? Chen: Sim. Oi, Sunny. Você consegue ver diferenças no tom de amarelo de cada tubo de ensaio Spanish: y eso está registrado aquí mismo. Pero de vez en cuando, claro, la sacaba a ella y a Cleopatra y las alimentaba, ustedes saben, abriendo los émbolos para que más moscas de fruta pudieran salir. Y un día, estaba haciendo eso. Tenía la luz encendida, como ahora, porque, como saben, cazan durante el día. Y quise observar y ver si podía verla. Y, por Dios, la vi al acecho de una mosca de fruta, sin que la pobre mosquita de fruta lo supiera, y la estaba observando, se acercaba cada vez más, y de repente, saltó directo sobre ella. Fue asombroso, así que pienso que las arañas se adaptaron absolutamente al espacio. Fue increíble poder verlo. Nye: Wow. Eso... quiero decir... Te estoy observando. Estás muy impresionada. Eso es realmente, es genial. Entonces, las arañas pudieron adaptarse, tal como lo habías previsto, Amr. Y bien, Sara, Dorothy, ¿tienen alguna pregunta para Sunny? Chen: Sí. Hola, Sunny. Nos estábamos preguntando, ¿puedes ver alguna diferencia, en qué tan amarillo es cada tubo de ensayo Arabic: وكان ذلك--وذلك موجود بالداخل هنا. لكن كل حين وآخر، بالطبع، أخرجها هي وكليوباترا وأطعمهما، عن طريق فتح المكابس حتى يخرج المزيد من ذبابات الفاكهة. وفي أحد الأيام التي كنت أفعل فيها ذلك، كان النور مضاءً هكذا، لأنه، كما تعلم، فالصيد يجري في ضوء النهار. وأردت الاقتراب لأرى ما إذا كان سيمكنني رؤيتها. ويا للغرابة، لقد رأيتها تتعقب إحدى ذبابات الفاكهة، وبدون أن تعلم ذبابة الفاكهة المسكينة تلك، كانت تنظر إليها وكانت تقترب منها للغاية، وفجأة، قفزت عليها. كان ذلك رائعًا، وبالتالي أعتقد أن العناكب تكيفت بكل تأكيد في الفضاء. كان ذلك مشهدًا لا يُصدق. ناي: واو. إنني... أراك. تبدو متأثرًا للغاية. إن ذلك حقًا، رائع للغاية. إذن استطاعت-- استطاعت العنكبوت التكيف، تمامًا كما تنبأت، عمرو. إذن، سارة ودورثي، هل تريدان توجيه سؤال إلى ساني؟ شين: نعم، امم، مرحبًا ساني.. لقد كنا نتساءل، هل يمكنك ملاحظة أي اختلافات مثلاُ في مدى اصفرار كل أنبوب اختبار French: Voilà, elle se trouvait là-dedans. De temps en temps, bien sûr, je les faisais sortir avec Cleopatra pour les nourrir en ouvrant le système d'aspiration pour que davantage de mouches soient libérées. Un jour, alors que je libérais les mouches, la lumière était allumée, car, comme vous le savez, elles chassent de jour. Je l'ai cherchée, et figurez-vous que je l'ai vue observer sa proie, sans que la pauvre ne s'en doute, elle s'en est approchée de très près, et soudainement, elle lui a sauté dessus. C'était incroyable. Les araignées sont donc capables de s'adapter à l'espace. C'était extraordinaire à observer. Incroyable ! Très impressionnant. C'est super. L'araignée a donc pu s'adapter, comme tu l'avais prédit, Amr. Sara, Dorothy, avez-vous une question pour Sunny ? Oui. Bonjour Sunny. On se demandait si vous pouviez voir une différence ? Les tubes à essai sont-ils devenus jaunes ? Czech: tady přímo v této schránce. Občas jsem ji samozřejmě spolu s Kleopatrou musela vyndat, abych je nakrmila, musela jsem otevřít západku, aby vylezly další mušky. Jednoho dne jsem je krmila – – měla jsem rozsvícená světla, stejně jako teď, protože jsou zvyklé lovit ve dne. Chtěla jsem se podívat, jestli ji uvidím lovit. Viděla jsem ji sledovat mušku, nic netušící mušku, pozorovala ji a opatrně se přibližovala a najednou skočila přímo na ni. Bylo to úžasné, řekla bych, že pavouci se přizpůsobili dokonale. Byla to ohromná podívaná. Nye: Páni. Vidím, že to na tobě zanechalo dojem. To je skvělé. Takže pavouci se dokázali přizpůsobit, jak jsi předpokládal, Amre. Saro, Dorothy, chcete se Sunny na něco zeptat? Chen: Ano. Ahoj, Sunny. Zajímá nás, jestli jste si všimli nějakých rozdílů v odstínech žlutého zbarvení jednotlivých zkumavek, English: and that was--that's what this is contained right here. But every now and then, of course, I took her and Cleopatra out and fed them, you know, by opening the plungers and opening so more fruit flies would come out. And one day, I was doing that. I had the light on like this, because, as you know, they hunt in the daytime. And I wanted to take a look and see if I could see her. And, my gosh, I saw her stalking a fruit fly, unbeknownst to that poor little fruit fly, and she was looking at it and she was going real close, and all of a sudden, she jumped right on her. It was amazing, and so I think the spiders absolutely adapted to space. It was incredible to watch. Nye: Wow. That--I mean... I'm watching you. You're very impressed. That's--really, no, that's very cool. So they were ab-- the spider's able to adapt, just as you predicted, Amr. So, uh, Sara, Dorothy, do you have a question for Sunny? Chen: Yeah. Um, hi, Sunny. We were wondering, can you see any differences in, like, how yellow each test tube is Russian: Вот в этом контейнере… Но время от времени, конечно, я вынимала ее и Клеопатру и кормила их, открывая при помощи штока отверстие для плодовых мушек. И однажды во время такой процедуры был включен свет, как сейчас, а вы знаете, что они охотятся в дневное время. Я хотела заглянуть и посмотреть на нее. И тут я увидела, как она подкрадывается к мушке, к этой бедной, ничего не подозревающей плодовой мушке! Она не выпускала ее из виду, подкралась совсем близко и внезапно набросилась на нее. Удивительное зрелище! Так что, думаю, пауки полностью адаптировались. Это нужно было видеть! НАЙ. Да, я вижу, что вас это сильно впечатлило. Это, конечно, очень интересно! Значит, пауки могут адаптироваться к условиям невесомости, как ты и предполагал, Амир. Теперь, Сара и Дороти, ваш вопрос к Суни. ЧЕН. Да, привет, Суни! Мы хотели узнать, заметно ли какое-либо отличие в оттенках желтого цвета каждой пробирки, iw: וזה מה שיש כאן, במיכל הזה. אבל מדי פעם, כמובן, הוצאתי אותה ואת קליאופטרה והאכלתי אותן על ידי פתיחת המחיצות, ואפשרתי לעוד זבובי פירות לצאת. יום אחד עשיתי את זה. האור היה דלוק, ככה, כי כפי שאתם יודעים, הם צדים בשעות היום. ורציתי לבדוק אם אני אצליח לראות אותה. ראיתי אותה אורבת לזבוב פירות. ללא ידיעתו של זבוב הפירות הקטן והמסכן, היא הסתכלה עליו והתקרבה אליו מאוד, ולפתע היא קפצה עליו. זה היה מדהים, אז אני חושבת שהעכבישות הסתגלו לחלל באופן מלא. היה מדהים לצפות בזה. ניי: וואו, לפי מה שאני רואה ממך, ניכר שמאוד התרשמת. זה - באמת, לא, זה ממש מגניב. אז העכבישים הצליחו להסתגל, כפי שחזית, עאמר. שרה, דורותי, יש לכן שאלה לסאני? צ'ן: כן. אממ, שלום, סאני. תהינו אם ניתן לראות הבדלים בעוצמה של הצבע הצהוב של כל מבחנה Arabic: ربما لتوضيح مستويات نمو البكتريا، وفقًا للوسط التي تعيش فيه؟ [ضحك] ويليامز، عذرًا، هل يمكنك إعادة السؤال مرة أخرى؟ شين: أوه، هل هناك، مثلاً-- ما: مستويات مختلفة من اللون الأصفر. هل يمكنك رؤية تغييرات الألوان المختلفة أم أن جميع الأنابيب باللون نفسه؟ ويليامز: لا، جميعها مختلفة. في الواقع، كانت هذه--لقد اخترت رقم خمسة بشكل عشوائي، لكنها جميعًا تختلف في لونها قليلاً. هذا الأنبوب شكله جميل وبرتقالي اللون، لكن هناك أنابيب لونها أفتح من ذلك والبعض الآخر لونه أحمر داكن، إذن، فجميع الأنابيب تختلف في ألوانها قليلاً، إذن، امم، أنا لم أفهم-- لقد كنت أتساءل حول جميع نقاط البيانات التي اخترتموها أيها الشباب لأنني كنت أتساءل لماذا جميعها ذات ألوان مختلفة، ولقد لاحظت في المرة الأولى التي أخرجت فيها العبوة ونظرت إليها، عندما كنت ألتقط الصور، أن الأنابيب تختلف عن بعضها، وأن ألوانها مختلفة، لذا سترون Dutch: om het niveau aan te geven van hoe hard de bacteriën zijn gegroeid, afhankelijk van het medium waarin ze zitten? [gelach] Williams: Kun je je vraag nog een keer herhalen? Chen: Zijn er... Ma: Verschillende tinten geel. Kun je verschillende kleurveranderingen zien, of zijn ze allemaal dezelfde kleur? Williams: Nee, ze zijn allemaal verschillend. Deze is... ik heb hier zo maar nummer vijf, maar ze hebben allemaal een beetje andere kleur. Deze is mooi oranje, maar sommige zijn lichter en sommige zijn een donkerdere tint rood, dus ze zijn allemaal een beetje anders, maar ik weet niet... Ik vroeg me af welke gegevenspunten jullie hebben gekozen, omdat ik me afvroeg waarom ze allemaal verschillende kleuren zijn, en ik merkte het vrijwel meteen toen ik ze voor het eerst pakte en ernaar keek, toen ik foto's maakte, dat ze absoluut verschillend waren, verschillende kleuren hadden, dus jullie gaan Polish: co mogłoby świadczyć o poziomach wzrostu bakterii w zależności od substancji, w której są? Williams: Przepraszam, czy możesz powtórzyć pytanie? Chen: Może być tam... Ma: Kilka odcieni żółci. Widzisz różnice w kolorze czy wszędzie jest taki sam? Williams: Nie, każdy jest inny. Losowo wybrałam ten zestaw nr 5, ale wszystkie różnią się nieco kolorem. Ten jest bardzo ładny, pomarańczowy, ale niektóre są jaśniejsze, a inne ciemniejsze, czerwone. Wszystkie różnią się trochę odcieniem. Nie wiedziałam... Zastanawiałam się, jakie parametry wybrałyście, bo nie wiedziałam, dlaczego zestawy różnią się kolorem. Zauważyłam to od razu, gdy je wyjęłam i spojrzałam na nie podczas robienia zdjęć. Na pewno były różne, miały inne kolory, więc po powrocie Russian: чтобы можно было определить уровень роста бактерий в зависимости от среды, в которой они находятся? [смех] УИЛЬЯМС. Прошу прощения, не могли бы вы повторить свой вопрос? ЧЕН. Да, заметны ли… МА. Различные уровни желтого цвета. Наблюдаете ли вы изменения цвета, или цвет везде одинаковый? УИЛЬЯМС. Нет, они все разные. Например, вот эта пробирка – я произвольно выбрала № 5… У нее оттенок отличается, как и у остальных. Эта пробирка оранжевого цвета, у некоторых цвет светлее, а некоторые более насыщенного красного цвета. Так что оттенки у всех разные. Я сначала не могла понять… Я гадала, на какие исходные данные вы опирались. И я никак не могла понять, почему они все разного цвета. Я заметила это в первый же раз, как только вытащила и рассмотрела их, когда фотографировала. Они все были определенно разного цвета, так что вы получите Italian: per mostrare i livelli, magari, di crescita dei nostri batteri in base al liquido in cui si trovano? [risata] Williams: Scusa, puoi ripetere la domanda un'altra volta? Chen: Oh, ci sono... Ma: Livelli di giallo diversi. Ha notato variazioni di colore differenti o sono tutte dello stesso colore? Williams: No, sono tutte diverse. In realtà, questa è diventata... Ne ho presa una a caso, la numero cinque, ma hanno tutte un colore leggermente diverso. Questa arancione è molto bella, ma alcune sono di un colore più chiaro e altre hanno una tonalità di rosso più scura, Quindi, sì, sono tutte un po' diverse, e dunque, ehm, non ho capito la... Pensavo a tutti i punti di dati che voi ragazze avete scelto e mi chiedevo perché fossero tutti di colori diversi, e ho notato che all'incirca la prima volta che le ho tirate fuori e le ho osservate, quando stavo scattando le foto, erano sicuramente diverse, avevano colori diversi, quindi vedrete English: to show the levels, perhaps, that our bacteria has grown, depending on the medium it's in? [laughter] Williams: I'm sorry, can you repeat your question one more time? Chen: Oh, are there, like-- Ma: Different levels of yellow. Can you see the different color changes or are they all the same color? Williams: No, they're all different. Actually, this one came--I just randomly picked number five, you know, but they all have a slightly different color. This one is really nice and orange, but some are a lighter color and some are a darker color of red, so, yeah, they all have a little bit different, so, um, you know, I didn't get the-- I was wondering about all the data points that you guys picked, because I was wondering why they were all the different colors, and I noticed it pretty much the first time I took them out and looked at them, when I was taking the pictures, that they were definitely different ones, had different colors, so you're gonna see Portuguese: para mostrar o quanto nossas bactérias cresceram, dependendo do meio? [risos] Williams: Desculpa, pode repetir a pergunta mais uma vez? Chen: Existem Ma: Tons diferentes de amarelo. Você consegue ver as variações ou estão todos da mesma cor? Williams: Não, estão todos diferentes. Tenho aqui o número cinco. Mas todos têm uma pequena variação de cor. Este aqui está laranja, alguns têm uma cor mais clara, e outros estão mais avermelhados. Sim, há variações. Eu não sabia... Queria saber sobre os pontos de referência que vocês escolheram, porque não sabia porque eles tinham cores diferentes, e percebi isso na primeira vez que os analisei quando tirei as fotos, que estavam diferentes. Tinham cores diferentes. Vocês terão French: Pouvez-vous nous montrer les tubes pour voir sur quels supports les bactéries se sont développées ? [rires] Désolée, pouvez-vous répéter la question ? Bien sûr… Pouvez-vous voir plusieurs nuances de jaune ? La couleur des tubes a-t-elle changé ou est-elle restée la même ? Non, ils ont tous changé de couleur. J'ai pris le numéro 5 au hasard, mais en réalité, ils ont tous changé de couleur. Celui-ci est orange, d'autres sont plus clairs, d'autres encore sont rouge foncé. Ils ont tous plus ou moins changé. Je me posais des questions concernant les points de données que vous avez sélectionnés, pourquoi ils avaient tous une couleur différente, et j'ai remarqué la première fois que je les ai sortis, au moment de les prendre en photo, qu'ils étaient tous différents. Leur couleur a changé. Korean: 수준을 나타내는지 같은거요. 그러니까 박테리아가 그 안에 있는 매개체에 따라 성장한 수준이요. [웃음] 미안하지만 질문을 한 번만 더 반복해 주시겠어요? 아, 그러니까... 노란색 수준의 차이요. 색상 변화의 차이가 보이나요? 아니면 모두 다 같은 색인가요? 모두 달라요. 실제로, 이 테스트 튜브는, 제가 방금 임의로 5번을 뽑았는데요. 보시는 것처럼 모두 색이 약간 달라요. 이것은 정말 예쁜 오렌지색이네요. 하지만 다른 것은 색이 더 연해요. 또 다른 것들은 더 진한 붉은 색이고요. 그러니까 모두 약간씩 색이 달라요. 그러니까 처음에는 여러분이 선택한 모든 데이터 포인트가 무엇을 의미하는지, 왜 다들 색상이 다른지 궁금해 했는데요. 제가 처음 테스트 튜브를 꺼내고 사진을 찍었을 때에도 달랐고요. 분명히 다른 테스트 튜브들이 다른 색상이었어요. 그러니까 이 실험을 돌려 받으면 iw: כדי להראות, אולי, את רמות הגידול של החיידקים שלנו בהתאם לחומר המתווך שבו הם נמצאים? [צחוק] וויליאמס: סליחה, תוכלי לחזור על השאלה? צ'ן: האם היו מא: רמות שונות של הצבע הצהוב? אפשר לראות שינויים בצבע או שכל המבחנות באותו הצבע? וויליאמס: לא, הם כולן בצבעים שונים. למעשה, זו - הרמתי באופן אקראי את מבחנה מספר חמש, אבל לכל מבחנה יש צבע קצת שונה. לזו יש צבע כתום ונחמד, אבל חלק בצבע בהיר יותר, וחלק בצבע אדום כהה יותר, אז כן, הן כולן קצת שונות. אתן יודעות, לא הבנתי, באמת תהיתי לגבי נקודות הנתונים שבחרתן, כי תהיתי למה היו כל מיני צבעים שונים, ושמתי לב לזה בפעם הראשונה שהוצאתי את המבחנות והתבוננתי בהן, כשצילמתי את התמונות, הם היו שונים בבירור, הצבעים היו שונים, אז אתן תראו Spanish: para mostrar los niveles, tal vez, que nuestra bacteria ha crecido, según el medio en el que se encuentra? [risas] Williams: Lo siento, ¿puedes volver a repetirme la pregunta? Chen: Oh, ¿hay como... Ma: Diferentes niveles de amarillo. ¿Puedes ver los diferentes cambios de color o son todos del mismo color? Williams: No, son todos diferentes. De hecho, este es así... Escogí al azar el número cinco, pero todos tienen un color ligeramente diferente. Este es realmente bonito y naranja, pero algunos tiene un color más claro y algunos un color más oscuro de rojo, así que sí, todos tienen alguna leve diferencia, así que, ustedes saben, no obtuve los... Me preguntaba acerca de todos los puntos de datos que ustedes escogieron, porque me preguntaba por qué todos eran de diferentes colores, y noté básicamente la primera vez que los saqué y que los observé, cuando tomaba las fotos, que eran definitivamente diferentes, tenían colores diferentes, así que podrán ver Czech: které by ukazovaly, jak se naše bakterie v různých prostředích množí? [smích] Williams: Pardon, můžeš tu otázku ještě jednou zopakovat? Chen: Jsou vidět nějaké – Ma: Různé odstíny žluté. Je vidět nějaká změna zbarvení, nebo mají všechny stejnou barvu? Williamsová: Vypadají různě. Zrovna tahle se povedla. Náhodou jsem vytáhla číslo pět, ale každá má trochu jinou barvu. Tahle je pěkně oranžová, ale některé jsou světlejší a některé mají tmavší odstín červené, takže je každá trochu jiná. Víte, nevěděla jsem – Divila jsem se počtu datových bodů, které jste určily, nevěděla jsem, proč mají různé barvy. Všimla jsem si toho hned, jak jsem zkumavky vyndala a podívala se na ně, když jsem je fotila, že se výrazně liší, že mají výrazně jinou barvu. Takže vás Japanese: バクテリアの 成長レベルを示す黄色の変化は？ [笑] ウィリアムズ: もう一度お願いします ドロシー: えーと サラ: 黄色の違いです 色の変化はありましたか？ 同じでしたか？ ウィリアムズ: 全部違っていました 5番の試験管を取り出しましたが 色が少し違っています これはきれいなオレンジ 一部は明るく 一部は濃い赤です 色は全部違っています 色がこれほど違うので どのデータポイントを あなた方が選んだのか 興味深いです 最初に見たときと 写真を撮ったときでは 明らかに色が違っていて 地上に戻ったら Chinese: 深淺程度為何？ 這是否表示細菌會因培養基不同 而有生長差異？ [笑聲] 很抱歉 您可以再重複一次 - 你們的問題嗎？ - 噢，例如... 不同程度的黃色 你有發現色彩改變嗎？ 還是都是同一種顏色？ 每支試管的顏色都不同 事實上...我隨機挑出五支試管 但每支的顏色都有些許不同 這支試管的顏色是漂亮的橘色 但有的試管的顏色更淺 有的試管則是深紅色 全都不大相同 我不... 我很好奇你們挑選的資料點 因為我想知道為什麼 這些試管的顏色都不一樣 我第一次拿起試管觀察時 就發現了這件事情 在我拍下相片時 試管的顏色就完全不同 等到實驗回到地球後 Spanish: para mostrar quizás los niveles de crecimiento de nuestra bacteria en función del medio en el que está. [risas] Williams: Disculpad, ¿podéis volver a repetir vuestra pregunta? Chen: Sí, claro, ¿hay... Ma: Diferentes niveles de amarillo. ¿Puedes ver diferentes cambios de color o todos los tubos muestran el mismo color? Williams: No, son todos diferentes. En realidad, este... He seleccionado al azar el número cinco, pero todos tienen un color ligeramente diferente. Este es muy bonito y naranja, pero algunos tienen un color más claro y otros muestran un color de rojo más oscuro, por lo que todos son un poco diferentes. Bueno, no he conseguido... Estaba pensando en todos los puntos de datos que habéis seleccionado porque me preguntaba por qué todos eran de colores diferentes y básicamente me di cuenta la primera vez que los saqué y los observé cuando estaba haciendo las fotos de que sin lugar a dudas todos eran diferentes y tenían colores diferentes, por lo que vais a ver German: Ob die Bakterien je nach Nährboden unterschiedlich stark gewachsen sind.   Entschuldigung, kannst du die Frage wiederholen? Klar. Sieht man... ... unterschiedliche Gelbtöne? Kann man verschiedene Farbänderungen sehen, oder sind die Farben alle gleich? Nein, sie sind alle unterschiedlich. Ich habe hier Nr. 5 wahllos herausgenommen, aber die Farben sind alle leicht unterschiedlich. Die hier ist echt schön, ganz orange, andere sind heller, wieder andere sind eher dunkelrot. Sie sind also alle etwas anders. Ich hatte mich gefragt, was die Datenpunkte bedeuten, die ihr ausgewählt habt, weil ich nicht wusste, warum alle Farben unterschiedlich sind. Ich habe es gleich gesehen, als ich zum ersten Mal Fotos davon machen wollte. Sie waren schon da ganz verschieden, die Farben waren anders. Ihr werdet einige iw: תוצאות מעניינות כשתקבלו אותן בחזרה, כרגע אנחנו מחזיקים אותן בטמפ' של ארבע מעלות בתא הזה, אז המצב שלהן אמור להישמר כפי שהוא עד שהן יחזרו אליכן לכדור הארץ. מא: זה נשמע נהדר. ניי:זה מה שחזיתן, נכון? מא: כן. צ'ן: כן. ניי: זה לא רע. בנות: כן. ניי: תראו איזה יופי, שניכם, התוצאות של שני הניסויים היו דומות למה שחזיתם. וסאני, יש לך חלק יוצא דופן בכך. אנחנו מאוד מעריכים את זה. צ'ן: תודה. מא: כן, תודה רבה לך. ניי: אבל לא רק האנשים כאן קיוו לשאול אותך שאלות, ואנחנו מודים לך שענית עליהן, אלא יש לנו גם כמה שאלות מחבריהם לכיתה שבמישיגן, ארה"ב. אנחנו מתחילים. נערה: הי דורותי ושרה. נערה אחרת: ושלום לכולם באולפן. אישה: אנחנו כאן בטרוי, מישיגן, וגם לנו יש שאלה לסאני האסטרונאוטית. נער: המשחקים האולימפיים נערכו הקיץ, ותהינו כיצד השתנו היחסים הבינלאומיים אחרי שגיליתם מי זכה במדליות הזהב. Korean: 흥미있는 결과를 보게 될 거에요. 지금은 우리가 이 방에서 4도로 보관하고 있어요. 지구에 돌아갈 때까지 이 상태로 보관될 거에요. 아주 좋아요. 예측한 그대로인가요? 네. Nye: 괜찮네요. 모두: 네. 보세요, 모두들. 두 실험이 모두 예측한 그대로 결과가 나왔네요. Sunny씨. 실험에서 특별한 임무를 수행해 주셔서 정말 감사드립니다. Dorothy: 고맙습니다. Sara: 네, 정말 감사합니다. 이 친구들 말고도 질문을 하고 싶은 친구들이 더 있죠? 미국 미시건 주에 있는 트로이 고등학교 친구들도 질문이 있답니다. 시작해 볼까요. 안녕, Dorothy, Sara. 그리고 스튜디오의 모든 분들 안녕하세요. 우리는 지금 미시건 주 트로이에 있습니다. 우리도 우주비행사 Sunny씨에게 질문이 있어요. 올 여름에 올림픽이 열렸는데 누가 금메달을 땄는지 알고 난 이후에 국제 관계가 어떻게 변했는지 궁금했어요. French: Vous allez avoir de belles surprises quand vous les verrez. Nous les maintenons actuellement à 4 degrés dans ce cylindre, ça devrait donc préserver leur état actuel, jusqu'à leur retour sur Terre. Super. C'est ce que vous aviez prédit, n'est-ce pas ? – Oui. – Oui, oui. Bravo ! Voyez-vous ça, le résultat des deux expériences a été celui attendu. Sunny, vous y êtes pour beaucoup, merci à vous. – Merci Sunny. Merci infiniment. Il n'y a pas que ces jeunes gens présents ici qui souhaitaient vous poser des questions. Nous avons également reçu des questions de leurs camarades. C'est parti. Salut Dorothy et Sara. Salut à tout le studio. Nous sommes à Troy, dans le Michigan, et nous avons une question pour Sunny. Les Jeux Olympiques se sont déroulés cet été, et on se demandait si, à bord, l'entente internationale avait changé après qu'on ait su quels pays avaient gagné les médailles d'or. Spanish: algunos resultados interesantes cuando los volváis a recibir. Y, en este momento, los mantenemos a cuatro grados en esta cámara, por lo que deberían mantener este color hasta volver de nuevo a la Tierra. Ma: Eso suena genial. Nye: Eso es lo que pronosticasteis, ¿verdad, chicas? Ma: Sí Chen: Sí. Nye: No está mal, chicas. Chicas: Sí. Nye: ¡Miraos! Los tres... Los resultados de los dos experimentos han salido básicamente como pronosticasteis. Y, Sunny, tú eres una parte excepcional de ello y te lo agradecemos enormemente. Chen: Gracias. Ma: Sí, muchas gracias. Nye: No solo estos chicos que están aquí esperaban hacerte algunas preguntas, y te damos las gracias por responder, sino que también tenemos algunas preguntas de sus compañeros de clase en Michigan (Estados Unidos). Allá vamos. Chica 1: Hola, Dorothy y Sara. Chica 2: Y hola a todas las personas del estudio. Mujer: Hemos vuelto a Troy (Michigan, EE.UU.) y también queremos hacerle una pregunta a la astronauta Sunny. Chico: Obviamente, las Olimpiadas fueron en verano, pero nos preguntábamos cómo han cambiado las relaciones internacionales después de saber quién ha ganado las medallas de oro. Dutch: interessante resultaten krijgen als jullie deze terugkrijgen. Op dit moment bewaren we ze bij vier graden in deze ruimte, dus de situatie zou gelijk moeten blijven tot jullie ze weer terugkrijgen. Ma: Dat klinkt perfect. Nye: Dat is wat jullie hadden voorspeld, of niet? Ma: Inderdaad. Chen: Ja. Nye: Niet slecht, mensen. [meiden]: Ja. Nye: Moet je jullie eens zien: beide experimenten hebben ongeveer opgeleverd wat jullie hadden voorspeld. En Sunny, jij speelt hier een heel bijzondere rol in, en we stellen het bijzonder op prijs. Chen: Dank je. Ma: Ja, heel erg bedankt. Nye: Het zijn niet alleen de mensen hier die je vragen wilden stellen, en bedankt voor het antwoorden, maar we hebben ook wat vragen van hun klasgenoten in Michigan in de Verenigde Staten. Daar gaan we. meisje: Hé, Dorothy en Sara. tweede meisje: En iedereen in de studio. vrouw: We zijn hier in Troy, Michigan, en we hebben ook een vraag voor Sunny de astronaute. jongen: De Olympische Spelen waren deze zomer, maar we vroegen ons af hoe de internationale verhoudingen waren toen jullie hoorden wie de gouden medailles had gewonnen. Czech: jistě čekají zajímavé výsledky. Teď je uchováváme v této schránce v teplotě čtyř stupňů, takže budou v klidu, než vám je pošleme zpět na Zemi. Ma: To je skvělé. Nye: To je přesně to, co jste očekávaly, ne? Ma: Ano. Chen: Ano. Nye: To není špatné. Je to skvělé, oba vaše pokusy se zdařily tak, jak jste předpokládali. A ty, Sunny, na tom máš velký podíl, čehož si velmi vážíme. Chen: Děkujeme. Ma: Ano, moc děkujeme. Nye: A otázky na tebe nemají jen tito mí hosté, mimochodem děkujeme za odpověď, ale také jejich spolužáci ze školy v Michiganu ve Spojených státech. Tak pojďme na to. dívka: Ahoj, Dorothy a Saro. druhá dívka: Ahoj všem ve studiu. žena: Zdravíme vás z michiganského města Troy a také bychom se astronautky Sunny chtěli na něco zeptat. chlapec: V létě proběhla olympiáda a nás by zajímalo, jak se změnily vztahy mezi národy, když byly zveřejněny medailové pozice. Russian: интересные результаты, когда они вернутся на Землю. А сейчас мы храним образцы при температуре 4 градуса вот в этой камере, чтобы сохранить их в неизменном состоянии, пока они не вернутся на Землю. МА. Замечательно! НАЙ. Это то, чего вы и ожидали, да? МА. Да. ЧЕН. Да. НАЙ. Неплохо! ДЕВУШКИ. Да. НАЙ. Только посмотрите! Оба… Оба эксперимента дали те результаты, которые вы прогнозировали. А вы, Суни, сыграли в этом особую роль, за что мы очень благодарны. ЧЕН. Спасибо. МА. Да, большое спасибо! НАЙ. Но мы хотели, чтобы не только наши гости задали вам свои вопросы. Мы очень благодарны за ответы. Но также вас хотят спросить их одногруппники из Мичигана (США). Послушаем их. ДЕВУШКА. Привет, Дороти и Сара! ВТОРАЯ ДЕВУШКА. Приветствуем всех в студии! ЖЕНЩИНА. Мы находимся в городе Троя (штат Мичиган), и у нас тоже есть вопрос к астронавту Суни. ПАРЕНЬ. Этим летом состоялись Олимпийские игры, и мы хотели спросить, как изменились межнациональные отношения на станции, когда вы узнали, кто получил больше всего золотых медалей? Italian: alcuni risultati interessanti quando le riavrete. E proprio ora le stiamo tenendo a quattro gradi in questa camera, quindi dovrebbero mantenersi così finché non tornano sulla Terra da voi. Ma: Ottimo. Nye: Era quello che avevate previsto, ragazze? Ma: Già. Chen: Sì. Nye: Niente male, gente. ragazze: Già. Nye: Ma guardatevi, ragazzi... entrambi gli esperimenti sono riusciti più o meno nel modo che avevate previsto. E, Sunny, tu sei parte fondamentale di tutto questo, e lo apprezziamo molto. Chen: Grazie. Ma: Sì, grazie mille. Nye: Ma non ci sono solo questi ragazzi che speravano di farti delle domande, e grazie delle risposte, infatti abbiamo delle domande anche dai loro compagni di classe in Michigan, negli Stati Uniti. Forza. ragazza: Ciao Dorothy e Sara. seconda ragazza: Un saluto a tutte le persone in studio. donna: Siamo qui a Troy, nel Michigan, e abbiamo anche noi una domanda per Sunny l'astronauta. ragazzo: Ovviamente le Olimpiadi si sono tenute quest'estate, ma ci chiedevamo come sono cambiate le relazioni internazionali dopo che avete scoperto chi ha vinto le medaglie d'oro. Spanish: algunos resultados interesantes cuando se los entreguemos. Y saben, ahora mismo, los mantenemos a cuatro grados en esta cámara, así que deberían mantener su color actual, hasta volver a la tierra. Ma: Eso es genial. Nye: Y eso es lo que ustedes habían previsto, ¿cierto? Ma: Sí. Chen: Sí. Nye: Nada mal gente. chicas: Sí. Nye: Mírense, ambos... ambos experimentos salieron prácticamente como lo habían previsto. Y Sunny, tú eres una parte excepcional de esto, y te lo agradecemos muchísimo. Chen: Gracias. Ma: Sí, muchas gracias. Nye: Bien, y no solo estos chicos aquí esperaban hacerte preguntas, y agradecerte por responder, sino que también tenemos algunas preguntas de sus compañeros de clase en Michigan en los Estados Unidos. Aquí vamos. chica: Hey, Dorothy y Sara. segunda chica: Y todos en el estudio. mujer: Aquí estamos, en Troy, Michigan, y también tenemos una pregunta para Sunny la astronauta. chico: Obviamente las Olimpíadas fueron este verano, pero nos preguntábamos cómo cambiaron las relaciones internacionales después de enterarse que obtuvimos las medallas de oro. English: some interesting results when you get these back. And, you know, right now, we're keeping them at four degrees in this chamber, so it should maintain its, you know, where it is until it gets back on the Earth for you. Ma: That sounds great. Nye: So that's what you guys predicted, yeah? Ma: Yeah. Chen: Yes. Nye: That's not bad, people. girls: Yeah. Nye: Look at you, both of you-- both experiments came out pretty much the way you predicted. And, Sunny, you are an extraordinary part of this, and we very much appreciate it. Chen: Thank you. Ma: Yeah, thank you so much. Nye: So it's not just that these guys here have been hoping to ask you questions, and thank you for answering, but we have some questions from their classmates in Michigan in the United States. Here we go. girl: Hey, Dorothy and Sara. second girl: And everyone in the studio. woman: We're back here in Troy, Michigan, and we also have a question for Sunny the astronaut. boy: Obviously the Olympics were this summer, but we were wondering how international relations changed after you found out who got the gold medals. Polish: wyniki będą ciekawe. Teraz trzymamy je w temperaturze 4 stopni w tej komorze, więc ich stan nie powinien się zmienić aż do powrotu na Ziemię. Ma: To wspaniale. Nye: Przewidziałyście to? Ma: Tak. Chen: Tak. Nye: Nieźle. Dziewczyny: Tak. Nye: Spójrzcie, eksperymenty przebiegły zgodnie z przewidywaniami. Sunny, część z tego to twoja zasługa i bardzo ci dziękujemy. Chen: Dziękujemy. Ma: Tak, bardzo dziękujemy. Nye: Nie tylko ci młodzi ludzie chcieli zadać pytania i podziękować za odpowiedzi. Mamy też pytanie ich kolegów ze szkoły w Michigan w USA. Oto ono. Dziewczyna: Hej Dorothy i Sara. Druga dziewczyna: I wszyscy w studiu. Kobieta: Jesteśmy w Troy w Michigan i mamy pytanie do astronautki Sunny. Chłopak: W tym roku była igrzyska olimpijskie. Ciekawi nas, jak wasze międzynarodowe relacje zmieniły się po wyłonieniu złotych medalistów. Portuguese: resultados interessantes na volta desses tubos. Eles estão sendo mantidos a quatro graus nessa câmara e ficarão preservados até voltar para a Terra. Ma: Isso é ótimo. Nye: É o que vocês previam, certo? Ma: É. Chen: Sim. Nye: Nada mal, meninas. garotas: Sim. Nye: Muito bem, vocês... os dois experimentos alcançaram o que vocês previram. Sunny, você faz parte disso e somos muito agradecidos. Chen: Obrigado. Ma: Muito obrigado. Nye: E não é apenas este pessoal que tem perguntas, e obrigado por respondê-las, mas temos outras perguntas dos colegas desse pessoal em Michigan, nos EUA. Lá vamos nós. menina: Oi, Dorothy e Sara. outra menina: E para todos no estúdio. mulher: Estamos em Troy, Michigan e temos uma pergunta para Sunny. rapaz: As Olimpíadas já aconteceram, mas queríamos saber se elas afetaram as relações internacionais quando vocês descobriam quem ganhava as medalhas. Arabic: بعض النتائج المثيرة للاهتمام عندما تعود إليكم. ونحن الآن نحتفظ بها في هذه الغرفة البالغة حرارتها 4 درجات، وبالتالي يجب أن تحتفظ بما هي عليه حتى تعود إلى الأرض إليكما. ما: إن ذلك رائع. ناي: إذن ذلك هو ما تنبأتما به أيها الشباب، أليس كذلك؟ ما: نعم. شين: نعم. ناي: ذلك ليس سيئًا. الفتاتان: نعم. ناي: عليكم أن تفخروا بأنفسكم، جميعكم-- نتجت كلتا التجربتين إلى حد كبير على النحو الذي تنبأتم به. ساني، مشاركتك كانت استثنائية، ونحن نقدر لك جدًا. شين: شكرًا لكِ. ما: نعم شكرًا جزيلاً لكِ. ناي: هؤلاء الشباب هنا كانوا يأملون أن يطرحوا عليك أسئلة، ويشكرونكِ على الرد عليها، لكن لدينا بعض الأسئلة من زملائهم في ميشيغان بالولايات المتحدة. هيا بنا نبدأ. فتاة: مرحبًا، دورثي وسارة. فتاة ثانية: وبجميع من في الاستوديو. سيدة: لقد عدنا إلى تروي في ميشيغان، ونحن أيضًا لدينا سؤال لساني رائدة الفضاء. فتى: لقد أقيمت دورة الألعاب الأولمبية في فصل الصيف، لكننا نتساءل كيف تأثرت العلاقات الدولية بعد أن علمتم من حصد الميداليات الذهبية. Chinese: 你一定會發現一些有趣的結果 目前，我們將這個隔間的溫度 保持在四度 這樣就可以運回地球之前 維持細菌的狀況 聽起來棒極了 跟你們預測的一樣嗎？ - 沒錯 - 對啊 - 真不賴 - 沒錯 看看你們自己 兩組實驗的成果 都符合你們的預期 Sunny 您居功厥偉 - 我們非常感謝您 - 謝謝您 沒錯，非常感謝 不只這些孩子有問題想發問 並且感謝您的答覆 他們位於美國密西根州的同學 也有一些問題想要請教 我們看下去 嗨，Dorothy 和 Sara 攝影棚裡的各位大家好 我們在密西根州的特洛伊市 也有問題想要請教太空人 Sunny 今年夏季舉辦了奧運會 我們想知道 在您們得知金牌得主後 國際關係會有何變化 German: interessante Ergebnisse sehen, wenn sie wieder da sind. Zurzeit halten wir sie bei 4 Grad hier im Fach. Es sollte also alles so bleiben, bis es wieder zu euch nach unten kommt. Klingt hervorragend. Das ist doch, was ihr vorher angenommen hattet. Ja. Stimmt. Nicht übel, Leute. Ja. Ihr könnt stolz auf euch sein. Beide Experimente entsprachen weitgehend euren Vorhersagen. Und Sunny spielt dabei eine wichtige Rolle, was uns sehr freut. Vielen Dank. Ja, vielen, vielen Dank. Es sind nicht nur unsere Gäste hier, die Ihnen Fragen stellen wollten – vielen Dank dafür –, sondern einige Fragen kommen auch von ihren Klassenkameraden in den USA. Los geht's. Hallo Dorothy und Sara. Und hallo an alle anderen im Studio. Wir sind hier in Troy, Michigan, und würden Sunny gerne eine Frage stellen. Dieses Jahr war ja Olympiade. Haben sich die internationalen Beziehungen an Bord je nach Stand des Medaillenspiegels verändert. Japanese: 興味深い結果になっていると思います 今は低温で 保管してるので 地球に戻ったら 違う結果になるかも サラ: 興味深いです ナイ: 予想通りだった？ サラ: はい ドロシー: ええ ナイ: 悪くないね ナイ: 君たちが考えた 実験の結果は どちらもほぼ予想通りだったね サニー、協力をありがとう 心から感謝します ドロシー: ありがとう サラ: ありがとうございました ナイ: ここにいる彼らも ずっと質問をしたがっていたけど じつは他にも質問者がいて ミシガン州の教室とつながっています こちらです ドロシー、サラ スタジオの皆さん こちらはミシガン州のトロイです 宇宙飛行士のサニーに質問があります ロンドンでオリンピックがありましたが 金メダルを誰が獲ったかということで ISS内での人間関係に影響はありましたか？ Chinese: [笑聲] 這問題很有趣 我們基本上 只要我們收到串流影片訊號 就可以在這裡收看 略有延遲的電視 這種訊號稱為 K.U. 在奧運會期間 我們也會收到 K.U. 訊號 得知奧運會的重點新聞 能在晚餐時收看真的很棒 我們會聚在桌邊 一起收看奧運 我認為當我們 為對方的國家代表隊加油時 彼此之間的連結關係就變得更緊密 比如說日本獲勝 或是俄羅斯獲勝時 我們都會激勵彼此 我想這對國際關係來說 是很棒的事 完全沒有不好的影響 更接近相互扶持的關係 我們會透過太空站上其他組員的知識 藉此瞭解其他國家的運動員 那真的很有趣 真是好消息 因為下一個提問者 是奧運的金牌得主 German:   Sehr interessante Frage. Wir haben hier einen etwas verzögerten TV-Empfang, falls wir Videostreams bekommen. Die Funktion heißt "KU". Während der Spiele haben wir KU empfangen, und konnten uns die Highlights zum Abendessen ansehen. Wir haben uns dann getroffen, um Olympia zu sehen. Das hat bei uns eher zu einer stärkeren Bindung geführt weil wir auch die Teams der anderen anfeuerten. Wenn Japan gewann oder Russland, dann haben wir uns alle gegenseitig angefeuert. Für internationale Beziehungen ist das sehr gut, denke ich. Da gab es kein böses Blut. Wir haben uns gegenseitig unterstützt und die Athleten der anderen Nationen dank unserer Crewmitglieder kennengelernt. Es hat Riesenspaß gemacht. Das hört man gerne. Vor allem deswegen, weil unsere nächste Frage von einem Goldmedaillengewinner kommt. Italian: [risata] Williams: Domanda molto interessante. Noi in realtà vediamo la TV un po' in ritardo quassù, se riceviamo i video in streaming. Si chiama K.U. E così, durante le Olimpiadi, seguivamo K.U. e ci aggiornavamo su tutti i punti salienti delle Olimpiadi all'ora di cena, ed era fantastico. Ci riunivamo in gruppo intorno alla tavola a guardare le Olimpiadi e penso che sia stata più un'esperienza che ci ha uniti tra di noi perché facevamo il tifo per le reciproche squadre. Ad esempio, quando vinceva il Giappone e quando vinceva la Russia, eravamo tutti felici gli uni per gli altri. E penso che ciò sia davvero utile per le relazioni internazionali. Non c'era, alcuna cattiveria. Era più come se ci stessimo facendo il tifo a vicenda, e abbiamo imparato a conoscere i rispettivi atleti grazie alle conoscenze dell'altro membro dell'equipaggio a bordo, quindi è stato molto divertente. Nye: Che belle notizie. Davvero delle belle notizie, perché la nostra prossima domanda proviene da una medaglia d'oro olimpica, Arabic: [ضحك] ويليامز: سؤال شيق للغاية. في الواقع، لدينا هنا تليفزيون يصل البث عبره متأخرًا قليلاً، إذا ما حصلنا على بث فيديو مباشر. وهو يعرف باسم K.U. وخلال دورة الألعاب الأوليمبية، نحصل على K.U. ونشاهد كل أحداث دورة الألعاب البارزة وقت العشاء، وكان ذلك رائعًا. وكنا نجتمع معًا كمجموعة واحدة حول المائدة ونشاهد دورة الألعاب، وأعتقد أن هذه التجربة أدت إلى توثيق الصلة بيننا جميعًا، لأننا كنا نشجع فرق بعضنا البعض. على سبيل المثال، عندما تفوز اليابان وعندما تفوز روسيا، فكنا جميعًا نسعد لبعضنا البعض. وأعتقد أن ذلك يفيد حقًا العلاقات الدولية. لم يحدث أي شيء يعكر صفو البعثة. بل أننا كنا ندعم بعضنا البعض، وبالتالي تعرفنا على الرياضيين التابعين لبلدان بعضنا البعض من خلال معلومات الزملاء على متن الرحلة، وكان الأمر ممتعًا حقًا. ناي: هذه أخبار سارة للغاية. أخبار سارة للغاية، لأن سؤالنا التالي سيطرحه أحد الحاصلين على ميدالية أوليمبية ذهبية، Spanish: [risas] Williams: Muy interesante la pregunta. En realidad, tú sabes, acá tenemos un poco de retraso con la televisión, si obtenemos transmisión de video. Se llama K.U. Y entonces, durante las Olimpíadas, recibíamos K.U. y nos enterábamos de todas las novedades de las Olimpíadas durante la cena, lo cual era fantástico. Como grupo, nos reuníamos alrededor de la mesa y mirábamos las Olimpíadas, y yo pensaba que era más bien una experiencia de unión entre todos nosotros ya que festejábamos por los equipos de todos. Cuando, por ejemplo, Japón ganaba y cuando Rusia ganaba todos estábamos motivados mutuamente. Y creo que eso es realmente bueno para las relaciones internacionales. No era, ustedes saben, algo malo. Más bien nos apoyábamos entre nosotros, y podíamos conocer los atletas del otro a través del conocimiento del miembro de la tripulación a bordo, así que era muy divertido. Nye: Son muy buenas noticias. Muy buenas noticias, porque nuestra siguiente pregunta viene de un medallista de oro Olímpico, Russian: [смех] УИЛЬЯМС. Очень интересный вопрос. На самом деле до нас трансляции доходят с опозданием, если это потоковое видео. Это называется вещание в Ku-диапазоне. Так вот, во время Олимпиады мы смотрели все основные события и соревнования в обеденное время. Было очень интересно! Мы собирались всем экипажем за столом и смотрели Олимпиаду. И я думаю, что такие просмотры нас скорее сплачивали, чем наоборот. Мы болели за команды своих коллег. Если побеждали японцы или россияне, мы все радовались друг за друга. И я думаю, это только сплачивало межнациональные отношения. Ничего плохого в этом не было. В сущности, мы болели друг за друга и могли больше узнать о спортсменах из стран своих коллег по их рассказам. Так что все это было очень интересно. НАЙ. Приятно слышать! Очень приятно, потому что следующий вопрос будет от олимпийского чемпиона – Japanese: [笑] ウィリアムズ: とても面白い質問です ここでは テレビが遅れて配信されて ストリーミング動画で K.U.と言うのですが オリンピック中もK.U.を見てて 夕食時にはオリンピックの ハイライトを楽しみました 私たちはテーブルを囲んで オリンピックを楽しみ 乗船の良い思い出として それぞれの国を応援しました 日本や ロシアが勝ちそうになるたびに 応援しました 国際関係には 良いことです 悪い影響はありません お互いに応援して 各国のメンバーからその国の 選手の情報を聞いたりして 面白かったです ナイ: いいことを聞きました なぜなら次の質問者は オリンピックの金メダリストであり Polish: Williams: Bardzo ciekawe pytanie. Telewizję odbieramy tu z małym opóźnieniem, gdy oglądamy transmisje. Nazywa się to KU. Podczas olimpiady mieliśmy KU, więc oglądaliśmy skróty z zawodów, jedząc obiad i dobrze się bawiąc. Całą grupą zbieraliśmy się przy stole i oglądaliśmy olimpiadę. Sądzę, że to nas do siebie zbliżyło, wspólnie kibicowaliśmy naszym zespołom. Nieważne, czy wygrała Japonia czy Rosja, cieszyliśmy się tak samo. Myślę, że to dobrze wpłynęło na relacje międzynarodowe. To nie było nic złego. Wspieraliśmy się nawzajem. Dzięki wiedzy innych członków załogi poznaliśmy sportowców z ich krajów, więc ogólnie było fajnie. Nye: To bardzo dobrze. Bardzo dobrze, bo następne pytanie zada złoty medalista olimpijski Portuguese: [risos] Williams: Boa pergunta. Na verdade, vemos TV com atraso aqui, quando recebemos o sinal que chamamos de K.U. E durante as Olimpíadas, assistíamos aos melhores momentos durante o jantar, e era muito bom. Como grupo, nos reuníamos para assistir às Olimpíadas e acho que foi algo que nos uniu, já que torcíamos pelas equipes dos colegas. Quando o Japão vencia, ou quando a Rússia vencia, todos nós ficávamos felizes. E isso é muito bom para as relações internacionais. Não era algo ruim. Estávamos apoiando uns aos outros e pudemos conhecer os atletas de outros países por meio de nossos colegas a bordo. Foi divertido. Nye: Isso é ótimo. É excelente, porque nossa próxima pergunta vem de alguém que ganhou medalha de ouro nas Olimpíadas Korean: [웃음] 정말 재미있는 질문이군요. 아시겠지만 실제로 여기에서 스트리밍 동영상을 받으면 TV에 약간의 지연이 생깁니다. K.U라고 하죠. 올림픽 기간에 K.U.와 모든 올림픽 하이라이트를 받았어요. 저녁 식사 시간에요. 재미있었어요. 그룹이 모두 식탁에 모여서 올림픽을 봤어요. 우리 사이에 유대감을 주었던 것 같아요. 각자의 팀을 응원하면서 말이죠. 그러니까, 예를 들면 일본이 이겼을 때라거나 러시아가 이겼을 때 서로 들뜬 분위기가 되는 거죠. 국제 관계를 위해 정말 좋은 경험이라고 생각해요. 결코 나쁘지 않았어요. 오히려 서로 지지하는 것에 가까왔고, 동승한 다른 승무원들을 통해 각 선수들에 대해 알게 되었죠. 정말 재미있었어요. 아주 좋은 소식이군요. 좋은 소식이에요. 왜냐하면 다음 질문을 한 분이 올림픽에서 금메달을 받은 Dutch: [gelach] Williams: Een heel interessante vraag. We hebben hier een beetje vertraagd tv-beeld, als we streaming video hebben. Dat heet K.U. En tijdens de Olympische Spelen kregen we K.U. en kregen we alle Olympische hoogtepunten onder etenstijd, wat superleuk was. We zaten als groep rond de tafel de Olympische Spelen te kijken, en we voelden ons echt samen verbonden terwijl we voor elkaars teams aan het juichen waren. Toen Japan won en toen Rusland won, waren we superblij voor elkaar. En volgens mij is het echt goed voor de internationale betrekkingen. Het was niets negatiefs. We steunden elkaar en leerden elkaars atleten kennen door de uitleg van andere bemanningsleden aan boord, dus het was echt leuk. Nye: Dat is goed nieuws. Heel goed nieuws, want onze volgende vraag komt van een Olympische goudenmedaillewinnaar, English: [laughter] Williams: Very interesting question. We actually, you know, we have a little bit delayed TV up here, if we get streaming video. It's called K.U. And so, during the Olympics, we would get K.U. and get all of the highlights of the Olympics at dinnertime, which was great. As a group, we would gather around the table and watch the Olympics, and I thought it was more of a bonding experience between all of us as we were cheering for each other's teams. With--when, like, Japan would win and when Russia would win, we'd all be, like, psyched for each other. And I think that that's really good for international relations. It was not, you know, anything bad. It was more like we were supporting each other, and, you know, got to know each other's athletes through the knowledge of the other crewmate on board, so it was really fun. Nye: That's very good news. Very good news, because our next question comes from an Olympic gold medalist, French: [rires] Voilà une question intéressante. En fait, nous recevons la télé en différé, quand on peut avoir la vidéo en streaming. Ça s'appelle K.U. Pendant les Jeux, on regardait K.U., pour connaître les temps forts à l'heure du dîner, ce qui était chouette. On s'asseyait tous autour de la table pour regarder les Jeux, et je pense que ça nous a en fait rapprochés, car nous encouragions les équipes des autres pays. Lorsque le Japon gagnait une médaille et la Russie aussi, nous étions très heureux. Je crois que c'est une très bonne chose pour les relations internationales. Il n'y avait aucune jalousie. On se soutenait les uns les autres, on a appris à connaître les athlètes des autres pays, grâce aux membres de l'équipage, on s'est bien amusé. C'est une bonne chose, car la prochaine question nous vient d'un médaillé d'or aux Jeux Olympiques, Spanish: [risas] Williams: Una pregunta muy interesante. Bueno, como sabéis, aquí arriba tenemos un poco de retraso con la televisión si obtenemos una transmisión en vídeo. Se denomina K.U. Así que, durante las Olimpiadas, solíamos obtener K.U. y veíamos todos los momentos destacados de las Olimpiadas durante la cena, lo cual era fantástico. Como grupo, nos reuníamos en torno a la mesa para ver las Olimpiadas, y creo que más bien ha sido una experiencia de unión entre todos nosotros, ya que animábamos a los equipos de cada uno de nosotros. Por ejemplo, cuando ganaba Japón o ganaba Rusia, todos estábamos motivados mutuamente. Y creo que eso es muy positivo para las relaciones internacionales. No había un mal ambiente. Más bien nos apoyábamos entre nosotros, y nos familiarizábamos con los atletas de cada uno de nosotros a través del conocimiento de los miembros de la tripulación a bordo, así que era muy divertido. Nye: Eso son muy buenas noticias. Realmente muy buenas noticias porque nuestra próxima pregunta viene de un medallista de oro olímpico, iw: [צחוק] וויליאמס: שאלה מעניינת מאוד. למעשה, אנחנו קולטים את שידורי הטלוויזיה בהשהיה. אנחנו קולטים שידורי וידאו זורם. זה נקרא K.U. אז במהלך המשחקים האולימפיים קיבלנו את שידורי K.U. ואת כל הרגעים הבולטים של המשחקים האולימפיים בשעת ארוחת הערב, וזה היה נהדר. היינו מתאספים, כקבוצה, סביב השולחן וצופים באולימפיאדה. לדעתי זו היתה חוויה מגבשת בין כולנו בזמן שעודדנו את הקבוצות אחד של השני למשל, כשיפן ניצחה, או כשרוסיה ניצחה, התלהבנו בטירוף אחד בשביל השני, ואני חושבת שזה ממש הועיל ליחסים הבינלאומיים. לא היה בזה, שום דבר רע. אנחנו תמכנו אחד בשני, ולמדנו להכיר את הספורטאים אחד של השני באמצעות הידע של חברי צוות אחרים על הסיפון, אז זה היה ממש כיף. ניי: אלה חדשות טובות. חדשות טובות מאוד, כי השאלה הבאה שלנו מגיעה מזוכה במדליה אולימפית, Czech: [smích] Williamsová: Zajímavá otázka. Máme tady trochu zpožděné televizní vysílání, které přenášíme datovým proudem. Říkáme mu K. U. Takže když byla olympiáda, pustili jsme si K. U. a u večeře se podívali na důležité výsledky, což bylo skvělé. Sešli jsme se všichni u stolu a dívali se na Olympiádu. Byl to pro všechny spíš sbližující zážitek, protože jsme navzájem fandili svým týmům. Když například vyhrálo Japonsko nebo Rusko, tak jsme se radovali společně. Takže to pro mezinárodní vztahy bylo opravdu přínosné. Nebylo to nijak nepříjemné. Spíš jsme se navzájem podporovali a díky znalostem kolegů na palubě jsme se seznámili s cizími sportovci. Byla to zábava. Nye: To jsou dobré zprávy. Velmi dobré zprávy, protože další dotaz je od držitele zlaté olympijské medaile, Korean: 선수이자 거미와 경쟁하는 멀리뛰기 우승자인 Greg Rutherford씨거든요. Greg. Sunny씨, 안녕하세요, Greg Rutherford입니다. 간단한 질문을 하고 싶어요. Amr의 거미가 저와 크기가 같다면 지구에서 저보다 멀리 뛸 수 있어요. 그런데 우주에서도 저보다 멀리 뛸 수 있나요? 앗, Stefanie씨로 넘어갔는데요.. 이제 괜찮습니다. 연결되었네요. 제 생각에, 질량으로만 보면, 거미보다 멀리 뛸 수 있을 것 같아요. [웃음] 좋아요. 알아둘 만한 정보네요. 다음은 화성 큐리오시티 탐사 임무의 플라이트 디렉터인 모호크 맨, Bobak Ferdowski씨의 질문입니다. Bobak씨, 여기 제트 추진 실험실에서는 로봇 미션을 수행하고 있습니다. 우리가 알고 싶은 것은 인간의 탐사를 돕기 위해 로봇 미션을 어떻게 좀 더 개선하면 좋을까요? 정말 좋은 질문이군요. 왜냐하면 어떤 사람들은 이따금 로봇 공학과 인간의 우주 비행이 앞서거니 뒤서거니 한다고 생각하거든요. Portuguese: o atleta que, na competição com as aranhas, saltou mais longe, Greg Rutherford. Greg. Rutherford: Oi, Sunny. Greg Rutherford aqui. Queria fazer uma pergunta. Se a aranha de Amr tivesse meu tamanho, ela pularia mais longe do que eu na Terra. Mas ela pularia mais do que eu no espaço? Nye: Bem, cortamos Stefanie Agora sim, aí está ela. Williams: Acho que, considerando a massa, você conseguiria pular mais longe. [risos] Nye: Muito bom. É bom saber. Nossa próxima pergunta vem do diretor de voo da missão Mars Curiosity Rover, Bobak Ferdowski, o homem mohawk. Bobak. Ferdowski: Aqui no laboratório de propulsão a jato, trabalhamos em missões de robôs. O que queremos saber é como podemos melhorar as missões de robôs para ajudar a exploração humana? Williams: É uma pergunta excelente, porque algumas pessoas pensam que viagens espaciais de robôs e de humanos estão em disputa. Arabic: الشاب الذي-- يتنافس مع العناكب-- الفائز في مسابقة الوثب الطويل، غريغ رذرفورد. غريغ. رذرفورد: مرحبًا، ساني. غريغ رذرفورد يتحدث إليكِ. أريد أن أطرح عليكِ سؤالاً سريعًا. إذا كان حجم عنكبوت عمرو تماثل حجمي، فقفزتها يمكن أن تتفوق على قفزتي على الأرض. لكن هل يمكنها أن تتفوق عليّ في الفضاء؟ ناي: آه، انقطع الاتصال بستيفاني-- لكنه عاد الآن. وهي لا تزال معنا. ويليامز: أعتقد أنه من خلال حساب الكتلة، أعتقد أنك تستطيع على الأرجح التفوق على العنكبوت. [ضحك] ناي: أوه، جيد، ذلك جيد. لقد استرحنا لمعرفة ذلك. سؤالنا التالي يطرحه قائد رحلة بعثة المركبة Curiosity على كوكب المريخ، بوباك فيرداوسي، الرجل ذو قصة الشعر موهاك. بوباك. فيرداوسي: هنا في معمل الدفع النفثي، نعمل على بعثات روبوتية. وما نريد معرفته هو، كيف يمكننا إضافة المزيد من التحسينات على البعثات الروبوتية من أجل دعم الرحلات الاستكشافية للبشر؟ ويليامز: هذا حقًا سؤال رائع، لأن البعض يعتقد أحيانًا أن رحلات الفضاء باستخدام الروبوتيات وتلك التي يجريها بشر تدور إلى حد ما في الفلك نفسه. German: Mann gegen Spinne: Weitspringer Greg Rutherford. Greg. Hi, Sunny, hier ist Greg Rutherford. Meine Frage lautet: Wenn Amrs Spinne so groß wie ich wäre, würde sie auf der Erde weiter springen als ich. Aber könnte sie das im All auch? Oh, wir haben zu Stefanie umgeschaltet. So, jetzt stimmt's. Hier ist Sunny. Ich glaube, von der Masse her würdest du wohl weiter springen. Das ist gut. Gut zu wissen. Die nächste Frage kommt vom Flugleiter der Curiosity-Marsrover-Mission. Bobak Ferdowski, der "Mohikaner". Bobak. Hier im Düsenantriebslabor arbeiten wir an Robotermissionen. Wir würden gerne wissen, wie man solche Missionen optimiert, um die Forschung zu unterstützen. Eine hervorragende Frage. Viele denken, dass Roboter und Menschen in der Raumfahrt konkurrieren, Dutch: de man die concurreert met spinnen, de winnende verspringer, Greg Rutherford. Greg. Rutherford: Hallo, Sunny. Hier Greg Rutherford. Ik wil je een korte vraag stellen. Als Amr's spin zo groot was als ik, zou ze op aarde verder kunnen springen dan ik. Maar zou ze in de ruimte ook verder kunnen springen? Nye: We zijn overgeschakeld naar Stefanie... Nu klopt het weer. Daar is ze. Williams: Ik denk dat je, op basis van massa, waarschijnlijk verder zou springen dan de spin. [gelach] Nye: O, dat is mooi. Dat is mooi om te weten. Onze volgende vraag komt van de vluchtbestuurder van de missie van de Mars Curiosity-rover, Bobak Ferdowski, de Mohawk Man. Bobak. Ferdowski: Hier in het lab voor straalaandrijving werken we aan robotmissies. Wat ik graag wil weten, is hoe we robotmissies verder kunnen verbeteren om mensen te helpen bij vluchten? Williams: Dat is een heel goede vraag, omdat sommige mensen denken dat vluchten met robots en mensen onderling concurreren. Spanish: el chico que... compitiendo con las arañas... fue el saltador de longitud que ganó, Greg Rutherford. Greg. Rutherford: Hola, Sunny. Greg Rutherford aquí. Solo quiero hacerte una pregunta rápida. Si la araña de Amr fuese de mi tamaño, podría ganarme en salto en la tierra. ¿Pero podría hacerlo en el espacio? Nye: Ups, se cortó con Stefanie... Ahora volvió. Aquí está. Williams: Pienso que, simplemente por la masa, creo que probablemente podrías ganarle a la araña. [risa] Nye: Bien, eso es bueno. Es bueno saberlo. Nuestra siguiente pregunta es del director de vuelo de la misión exploradora Mars Curiosity, Bobak Ferdowski, el hombre Mohicano. Bobak. Ferdowski: Aquí en el laboratorio de propulsión a chorro, trabajamos en misiones robóticas. Lo que nos gustaría saber es, ¿cómo podemos mejorar aún más las misiones robóticas para ayudar a la exploración humana? Williams: Es una pregunta muy buena, porque algunas personas a veces piensan que la robótica y los vuelos espaciales humanos son algo así como, digamos, bilaterales. Spanish: la persona que compitió con las arañas, el ganador del salto de longitud, Greg Rutherford. Greg. Rutherford: Hola, Sunny. Greg Rutherford al habla. Solo quería hacerte una pregunta rápida. Si la araña de Amr tuviera mi estatura, podría superarme en la Tierra. ¿Pero podría hacerlo en el espacio? Nye: Vaya, hemos conectado con Stefanie... Ya está solucionado. Aquí está. Williams: Creo que, simplemente por masa, probablemente le ganarías a la araña. [risas] Nye: Bien, eso está bien. Es bueno saberlo. Nuestra próxima pregunta viene del director de vuelo de la misión del rover "Curiosity" en Marte, Bobak Ferdowski, el hombre mohicano. Bobak. Ferdowski: Aquí en el Laboratorio de Propulsión a Chorro trabajamos en misiones robóticas. Por tanto, nos gustaría saber, ¿cómo podemos mejorar aún más las misiones robóticas para ayudar a la exploración humana? Williams: Esa es una muy buena pregunta, porque en ocasiones algunas personas creen que la robótica y los vuelos espaciales humanos son un poco bilaterales Italian: il ragazzo che... gareggiando con i ragni... ha vinto il salto in lungo, Greg Rutherford. Greg. Rutherford: Salve Sunny. Qui è Greg Rutherford. Volevo solo porle una domanda veloce. Se un ragno di Amr fosse grande come me, potrebbe fare salti molto più lunghi dei miei sulla Terra. Ma riuscirebbe a superarmi nel salto se fosse nello spazio? Nye: Uh, uh, ci siamo collegati a Stefanie... Ora è tutto a posto. Eccola. Williams: Credo che, a giudicare dalla massa, probabilmente potresti saltare più lontano del ragno. [risata] Nye: Oh, bene, bene. Buono a sapersi. La nostra prossima domanda proviene dal direttore di volo della missione del rover Curiosity su Marte, Bobak Ferdowski, detto Mohawk Man. Bobak. Ferdowski: Qui nel laboratorio di propulsione a reazione lavoriamo alle missioni robotiche. Vorremmo sapere in che modo possiamo migliorare ulteriormente le missioni robotiche per favorire l'esplorazione umana? Williams: È un'ottima domanda, perché alcune persone a volte pensano che i voli spaziali robotizzati e umani siano un po' come fare un passo indietro e uno avanti. English: the guy who-- competing with spiders-- was the long jumper who won, Greg Rutherford. Greg. Rutherford: Hi, Sunny. Greg Rutherford here. Just want to ask you a quick question. If Amr's a spider was my size, she could out-jump me on Earth. But could she out-jump me in space? Nye: Uh, uh, we've cut to Stefanie-- Now it's all good. Here she is. Williams: I think, just by mass, I think you could probably out-jump the spider. [laughter] Nye: Oh, good, that's good. That's good to know. Our next question comes from the flight director of the Mars Curiosity rover mission, Bobak Ferdowski, the Mohawk Man. Bobak. Ferdowski: Here at the jet propulsion lab, we work on robotic missions. What we'd like to know is, how can we further improve robotic missions to help human exploration? Williams: That's a really great question, because some people sometimes think that robotics and human spaceflight are a little bit, you know, back and forth. Czech: který je – spolu s pavouky – mistrem ve skoku do dálky, Grega Rutherforda. Ahoj Gregu. Rutherford: Ahoj, Sunny, tady je Greg Rutherford. Chci se jen rychle zeptat: Kdyby byl Amrův pavouk stejně velký jako já, tak by na Zemi doskočil dál. Ale porazil by mě i ve vesmíru? Nye: Aj, přepojili nás na Stefanii – Aha, už je to v pořádku. Williamsová: Myslím, že byste pavouka překonal díky hmotnosti. [smích] Nye: Výborně. To je dobré vědět. Další otázka je od vedoucího mise sondy Curiosity na Mars, Bobaka Ferdowskiho, muže s čírem. Dobrý den, Bobaku. Ferdowski: V laboratoři pro výzkum tryskového pohonu připravujeme mise robotů. Zajímalo by nás, jak je možné tyto mise zdokonalit, aby byly prospěšné lidským posádkám? Williamsová: To je výborná otázka, někteří lidé si totiž myslí, že robotika a pilotované lety jsou tak trochu konkurenční obory. Russian: человека, который может соперничать с пауками. Золотой призер – Грег Рутерфорд! Грег? РУТЕРФОРД. Привет, Суни. Это Грег Рутерфорд. Хочу задать вам короткий вопрос. Если бы паук Амира был размером с меня, он бы прыгнул дальше меня на Земле. А смог бы он прыгнуть дальше меня в космосе? НАЙ. М-м, мы переключились на Стефани… А, все в порядке! Вот она. УИЛЬЯМС. Думаю, за счет массы вы бы прыгнули дальше паука. [смех] НАЙ. Хорошо. Будем знать. Наш следующий вопрос задаст руководитель полета марсохода Curiosity, Бобак Фердоуси по прозвищу Ирокез. Бобак? ФЕРДОУСИ. Здесь, в лаборатории реактивного движения, мы работаем над программами с использованием автоматических зондов. Мы хотели бы знать, что можно сделать в этой области, чтобы помочь экспедициям с участием людей? УИЛЬЯМС. О, это очень важный вопрос! Некоторые считают, что робототехника и пилотируемая космонавтика – это своего рода соревнование French: celui qui, à l'instar des araignées, a effectué le plus long saut, j'ai nommé Greg Rutherford. Greg. Bonjour, Sunny. Ici Greg Rutherford. Petite question. Si l'araignée d'Amr faisait ma taille, Elle me surpasserait sûrement sur Terre. Mais en serait-elle capable dans l'espace ? Nous étions avec Stefanie… C'est bon, la voilà. Vu votre masse, vous feriez mieux que l'araignée. [rires] Très bien. C'est bon à savoir. Notre prochaine question nous vient du directeur de vol de la mission du rover Curiosity sur Mars Bobak Ferdowski, "Mohawk Man". Bobak. Ici, au Jet Propulsion Laboratory, nous travaillons sur les missions robotiques. Nous voudrions savoir comment améliorer les missions robotiques de façon à aider l'exploration humaine. Question très intéressante. C'est intéressant, car les gens ont tendance à penser qu'il existe une concurrence Polish: Greg Rutherford, który, rywalizując z pająkami, wygrał w skoku w dal. Greg. Rutherford: Cześć, Sunny. Tu Greg Rutherford. Chcę ci zadać jedno pytanie. Jeśli pająk Amra byłby mojej wielkości, na Ziemi skakałby dalej niż ja. Ale czy zrobiłby to samo na orbicie? Nye: Oj, widzimy Stefanie... Teraz jest dobrze. Słuchamy. Williams: Uwzględniając masę, prawdopodobnie skoczyłbyś dalej niż pająk. Nye: Doskonale. Dobrze wiedzieć. Następne pytanie jest od dyrektora lotu w misji łazika Curiosity na Marsa, Bobaka Ferdowsiego, „gościa z irokezem”. Bobak. Ferdowsi: Z Laboratorium Napędu Odrzutowego wysyłamy na misje roboty. Chcielibyśmy wiedzieć, jak dopracować te misje, by ułatwić ludziom podbój kosmosu? Williams: To wspaniałe pytanie, bo niektórzy czasem sądzą, że loty robotów i ludzi w kosmos w jakiś sposób się ze sobą kłócą. Japanese: クモとの比較にも登場した 走り幅跳びの グレッグ・ラサフォードだからです グレッグ ラサフォード: どうも グレッグ・ラサフォードです 簡単な質問です もしモハマドのクモが僕と同じ 大きさなら地球上では僕の負けですが 宇宙ではどうなりますか？ ナイ: ここでちょっとステファニーに... いや、続けてください ウィリアムズ: 質量から考えたら おそらくはあなたの勝ちでしょう [笑い] ナイ: それは面白い 面白い話です 次の質問者は、火星探査機ローバー ミッションのフライトディレクター ボバック・フェルドウスキー、モヒカンマンです ボバック フェルドウスキー: このジェット推進研究所で ロボットミッションに携わっています ロボットミッションを どのように改善したら もっと人類の探求を 手助けできるでしょうか？ ウィリアムズ: とても良い質問です なぜならロボットと人の 宇宙飛行は抜きつ抜かれつ と思われているから iw: בחור שמתחרה עם עכבישים, וניצח בתחרות הקפיצה לרוחק, גרג ראת'רפורד. גרג. ראת'רפורד: הי סאני, כאן גרג ראת'רפורד. אני רוצה לשאול אותך שאלה קצרה. אם העכבישה של עאמר היתה בגודל שלי, היא היתה יכולה לקפוץ רחוק יותר ממני בכדור הארץ. אבל האם היא היתה יכולה לנצח אותי בחלל? ניי: עברנו לסטפני, עכשיו הכול בסדר, היא כאן. וויליאמס: אני חושבת שבזכות המסה שלך, קרוב לוודאי שהיית יכול לקפוץ רחוק יותר מהעכבישה. [צחוק] ניי: יופי, מעולה, טוב לדעת. השאלה הבאה שלנו מגיעה ממנהל הטיסה של משימת 'קיוריוסיטי' במאדים, בובאק פרדוסקי, איש המוהיקנים. בובאק: כאן במעבדה להינע סילוני, אנחנו עובדים על משימות ברובוטיקה. אנחנו רוצים לדעת כיצד ניתן לשפר משימות ברובוטיקה, כדי לסייע למחקר האנושי? וויליאמס: זו שאלה מצוינת, כי אנשים חושבים לפעמים שרובוטיקה וטיסות חלל אנושיות הם קצת, Chinese: 與跳蛛競賽的男人 跳遠金牌得主 Greg Rutherford Greg 嗨，Sunny 我是 Greg Rutherford 我想問您一個簡短的問題 如果 Amr 的跳蛛跟我的體型一樣 她在地球上跳得比我遠多了 但她在太空中也能跳得這麼遠嗎？ 噢，我們恢復與 Stefanie 的連線了 太好了，她在線上 我認為，以質量而言 我想你可以跳得比跳蛛遠 [笑聲] 噢，太好了 真是好消息 下一個問題的提問者是 火星好奇號探測車任務的飛行總監 龐克頭 Bobak Ferdowski Bobak 這裡是噴氣推進實驗室 我們負責機器人任務 我們想要知道 我們該如何進一步改善機器人任務 協助人類的探索行動？ 這真是個好問題 因為某些人有時會認為 機器人與人類太空飛行 有些相輔相成 iw: שיש קצת תחרות בינהם. אבל אני חושבת שרובוטיקה זה דבר מדהים כי הם יעשו את הצעד הראשון במקומות שבהם עדיין אין לנו טכנולוגיה מספיק מפותחת, שתאפשר לבני אדם להגיע אליהם. הדבר השני שהם יכולים לעשות, ברגע שבני אדם יגיעו למקומות אלה, הם יוכלו לבצע את המשימות השגרתיות, כדי שבני האדם יוכלו לבצע את הצעד הבא בחקר החלל. אז לדעתי רובוטיקה ובני אדם יכולים, צעד אחד צעד, לבצע קפיצות שיקדימו אחת את השניה, ויאפשרו לנו להגיע יותר ויותר רחוק ולהבין את היקום שלנו יותר לעומק. אז לדעתי רובוטיקה וטיסות חלל של בני אדם הם שילוב מצוין. ניי: זה פנטסטי. את יודעת, כמנכ"ל האגודה הפלנטרית, זה משהו שאנחנו מקדמים, אני ממש שמח שאת חשה כך, סאני. זה פשוט נהדר. בואו נשנה את העולם. אז זה טוב, אבל יש לנו המון שאלות מהצופים בשידור החי מכל רחבי העולם. נתחיל עם פקה אולאלה, "מה הדבר היפה ביותר שראית בחלל?" Arabic: وأن هناك نوعًا من المنافسة بينهما. لكنني أعتقد أن الروبوتيات رائعة، لأنها ستخطو الخطوة الأولى في حالة عدم تطوير التقنيات اللازمة بعد حتى يتمكن البشر من المواصلة، و الأمر الثاني الذي يمكنهم تنفيذه، هو أنه بعد وصول البشر إلى هذه المرحلة، يمكنهم البدء في مهام متكررة وتنفيذ مهام متكررة، حتى يتمكن البشر عندئذٍ من خطو الخطوة التالية في مجال الاستكشاف. لذا أعتقد أنه يمكن للروبوتيات والبشر أن يخطوا خطوات متعاقبة والتقدم على بعضهما حتى نواصل المضي إلى الأمام وفهم المزيد حول هذا الكون. لذا أعتقد أن إجراء رحلات فضائية للروبوتيات والبشر معًا يعد توليفة رائعة. ناي: هذا مدهش. بصفتي المدير التنفيذي لمنظمة Planetary Society، أعلمك أننا في المنظمة نؤيد ذلك. ويسعدني أن ذلك هو رأيك، ساني. وذلك رائع. فهيا بنا نغير العالم. الأمور تسير على ما يرام، لكن لدينا الكثير من الأسئلة من مشاهدي البث المباشر من جميع أنحاء العالم، وسنبدأ بسؤال من بيكا أولالا. "ما أجمل شيء رأيتيه في الفضاء؟" German: dass es einen Wettbewerb gäbe. Ich finde Roboter toll, denn sie ermöglichen erste Schritte dort, wo der Mensch wegen fehlender Technologie noch nicht hin kann. Und sobald wir dorthin können, übernehmen Roboter repetitive Aufgaben und entlasten uns bei der Forschung. Roboter und Menschen können sich gegenseitig unterstützen, um immer weiter zu gehen und unser Universum immer besser zu verstehen. Gemeinsame Raumfahrt von Mensch und Maschine ist eine tolle Kombination. Das ist super. Die Planetary Society unterstützt solche Pläne natürlich absolut. Ich freue mich, das zu hören, Sunny. Großartig! Ändern wir die Welt. Aber wir haben noch viele weitere Fragen von Zuschauern aus aller Welt. Fangen wir an bei Pecka Ulala. "Was ist das Schönste, was Sie im All je gesehen haben?" Japanese: これは一種の競争ですね でもロボットはすごいんです 技術が発達してなくて 人が行けない場所にも 第一歩を 踏み出せます そしてもう1つすごいのは いったん人が達成したことを 引き継いで 人と同じように繰り返せます そして探求に進むのです だからロボットと人間は一歩ずつ 抜きつ抜かれつしながら 一緒に宇宙を 解明していけます だからロボットと人との宇宙飛行は 最高のコンビだと思います ナイ: すばらしい 惑星協会のCEOとしても この意見には賛成です あなたの考えには 感動しました すばらしい 世界を変えましょう さて、まだまだ何千の質問が 世界中の視聴者から寄せられています 最初はペッカ・ウララの質問 「宇宙で一番きれいだった 景色は何ですか？」 French: entre les robots et les hommes. Or, je pense que la robotique est indispensable. Les robots sont d'abord utilisés lorsque la technologie ne permet pas d'envoyer des hommes. Ensuite, les robots peuvent se charger des tâches répétitives, pour que les hommes puissent se charger de l'exploration. Je pense que les robots et les hommes sont complémentaires, ce qui permet d'aller plus loin, et de mieux comprendre l'Univers. Les deux se complètent à merveille et forment une équipe du tonnerre. Fantastique ! Vous savez, à la Planetary Society, nous partageons cette idée. Je suis ravi que vous soyez de cet avis. Nous allons changer les choses ! Nous avons encore de très nombreuses questions qui nous viennent de nos téléspectateurs du monde entier. Commençons par celle de Pecka Ulala. "Quelle est la chose la plus époustouflante que vous ayez vue dans l'espace ?" Spanish: Hay algún tipo de competencia allí. Pero creo que la robótica es estupenda, porque darán el primer paso donde nosotros todavía no tengamos la tecnología desarrollada para que los humanos puedan hacerlo, y además, otra cosa importante que pueden hacer, una vez que los humanos llegan allí, pueden asumir tareas repetitivas y realizar tareas repetitivas, de manera que los humanos puedan realizar, luego, el siguiente paso en la exploración. Así que pienso que la robótica y los humanos pueden ir paso a paso y realizar grandes avances juntos para que podamos profundizar cada vez más y entender más acerca de nuestro universo. De modo que pienso que la robótica y los vuelos espaciales humanos juntos son una combinación magnífica. Nye: Eso es fantástico. Tú sabes, como CEO de la Sociedad Planetaria, eso es algo que apoyamos. Me complace que lo veas de esa manera, Sunny. Es simplemente, estupendo. Cambiemos el mundo. Vamos muy bien, pero tenemos muchísimas preguntas de nuestros espectadores en directo de todo el mundo, así que comenzaremos con Pecka Ulala. "¿Qué es lo más hermoso que has visto en el espacio?" Portuguese: Existe uma certa competição. Mas acho que os robôs são importantíssimos, porque eles darão o primeiro passo quando não tivermos criado a tecnologia necessária para que os humanos possam tomar a frente. E assim que os humanos chegarem lá, os robôs poderão fazer tarefas repetitivas para que possamos seguir avançando na exploração. Acho que os robôs e os humanos podem se ajudar e alternar os avanços para que possamos ir adiante e conhecer mais sobre o nosso universo. Acho que robôs e humanos viajando juntos pelo espaço é uma combinação perfeita. Nye: Fantástico. Como CEO da Planetary Society, isso é algo que defendemos. Fico feliz por você pensar assim. Excelente. Vamos mudar o mundo. Isso é ótimo, mas temos perguntas de nossos espectadores de todo o mundo. Vamos começar com Pecka Ulala: "Qual é a coisa mais bonita que você viu no espaço?" Italian: C'è una specie di competizione. Ma penso che i robot siano fantastici, perché faranno il primo passo laddove non abbiamo ancora sviluppato la tecnologia necessaria per mandarci l'uomo, e poi, come seconda cosa che potranno fare una volta che l'uomo sarà là, potranno essere impiegati per compiti ripetitivi e svolgere compiti ripetitivi, in modo che l'uomo possa compiere il passo successivo nell'esplorazione. Quindi penso che i robot e l'uomo possano procedere insieme e superarsi reciprocamente in modo da poter avanzare sempre di più e da comprendere sempre di più il nostro universo. Quindi penso che i voli spaziali robotizzati e umani insieme siano una combinazione fantastica. Nye: Fantastico. Sapete, come CEO della Planetary Society, sento di dover difendere questa tesi. Sono felice che la pensi così, Sunny. È davvero fantastico. Cambiamo il mondo. Quindi questo è un bene, ma abbiamo un sacco di domande dai nostri spettatori in diretta streaming da tutto il mondo, quindi inizieremo con Pecka Ulala. "Qual è la cosa più bella che hai visto nello spazio?" English: There's some type of competition there. But I think robotics are awesome, because they'll take the first step where we haven't had the technology developed quite yet for humans to go, and then, the second thing they can do, once humans get there, they can take on repetitive tasks and do repetitive tasks, such that the humans can take, then, the next step in exploration. So I think robotics and humans can step-by-step and leapfrog each other so we get further and further and understand more about our universe. So I think robotics and human spaceflight together are an awesome combination. Nye: That's fantastic. You know, as the CEO of The Planetary Society, this is something we advocate. I'm delighted you feel that way, Sunny. It's just, it's great. Let's change the world. So this is good, but we've got tons of questions from our livestream viewers from all over the world, so we're gonna start with Pecka Ulala. "What is the most beautiful thing you've seen in space?" Dutch: Alsof het een wedstrijd is. Maar ik vind robotica geweldig, omdat ze de eerste stap nemen waar we de technologie nog onvoldoende hebben ontwikkeld om mensen te sturen, en ten tweede kunnen ze, zodra mensen daar zijn, herhalende taken uitvoeren, en die taken uitvoeren zodat de mensen de volgende stap in ruimteverkenning kunnen nemen. Dus ik denk dat robotica en mensen om de beurt elkaar kunnen helpen, zodat we steeds verder kunnen komen en meer kennis kunnen verzamelen over ons universum. Dus ik denk dat robotica en menselijke vluchten samen een geweldige combinatie zijn. Nye: Dat is fantastisch. Als de directeur van de Planetary Society moet ik zeggen dat dit iets is wat we promoten. Ik ben heel blij dat je er zo over denkt, Sunny. Dat is echt geweldig. Laten we de wereld veranderen. Dit gaat goed, maar we hebben allerlei vragen van onze livestreamkijkers van over de hele wereld, dus we beginnen met Pecka Ulala. 'Wat is het mooiste dat je in de ruimte hebt gezien?' Polish: Że jest tu jakaś rywalizacja. Uważam, że roboty są świetne, bo stawiają pierwsze kroki tam, gdzie obecna technologia nie pozwala dotrzeć ludziom. Ich drugie zadanie, gdy ludzie są już na miejscu, to wykonywanie powtarzalnych czynności. Wtedy my dokonujemy kolejnych odkryć. Roboty na zmianę z ludźmi mogą krok za krokiem posuwać się coraz dalej i lepiej poznawać wszechświat. Wspólny lot robotów i ludzi w kosmos to idealne rozwiązanie. Nye: Fantastycznie. Jako prezes The Planetary Society zdecydowanie to popieram. Cieszę się, że tak myślisz, Sunny. To wspaniałe. Zmieńmy świat. Dobrze, ale mamy jeszcze mnóstwo pytań od widzów z całego świata, którzy nas oglądają. Zaczniemy od Pecki Ulali. „Jaką najpiękniejszą rzecz widziałaś w kosmosie?” Chinese: 也有某些競爭情形 但我認為機器人很厲害 因為它們可以在我們還沒開發出 適合人類的科技時 第一時間採取行動 此外它們還有第二項優勢 人類抵達後 它們可以處理重複的工作 並且完成 然後人類就能採取 下一步的探索行動 所以我認為機器人和人類 可以循序漸進、相互超越 我們就能更進一步瞭解宇宙 我想機器人與人類一起太空飛行 是很出色的組合 真是太棒了 身為行星學會的執行長 這正是我們所提倡的事情 很高興你也這樣覺得，Sunny 真的很棒 我們一起改變世界吧 很好，但我們來自世界各地的 的即時串流觀眾 還有很多問題想問 我們先從 Pecka Ulala 開始 「什麼是您在太空中見過最美的事物？」 Czech: Je mezi nimi jakási soutěživost. Ale já myslím, že roboti jsou úžasní, protože se jako první dostanou do míst, k jejichž návštěvě dosud lidé nemají dostatečně vyspělé technologie. Až se k nim připojí lidé, mohou za posádku začít dělat rutinní činnosti, aby astronauti mohli podniknout další krok ve výzkumu vesmíru. Myslím, že lidé a roboti mohou mohou postupovat společně, a dostat se tak co nejdál do vesmíru. Robotika a pilotované vesmírné lety jsou skvělá kombinace. Nye: To je vynikající. Jako ředitel společnosti Planetary Society toto velmi podporuji. Jsem rád, že máš stejný názor, Sunny. To je výborné. Změníme svět. Ale teď tu máme spoustu otázek od diváků přímého přenosu z celého světa a první je na řadě Pecka Ulala. „Co jste ve vesmíru viděla nejkrásnějšího?“ Korean: 일종의 경쟁 관계라고 생각하죠. 하지만 저는 로봇 공학이 훌륭하다고 생각해요. 왜냐하면 로봇 공학은 우리가 아직 충분한 기술을 개발하지 못해 인간이 가지 못한 곳에 첫 걸음을 내딛을 테니까요. 두 번째로 로봇 공학은 사람들이 도착한 후에도 반복적인 작업을 수행할 수 있어서 사람들이 다음 탐사 단계로 나아갈 수 있게 해줍니다. 그래서 로봇과 인간은 단계적으로 서로 뛰어넘으면서 우주에 대해 더욱 깊게 이해할 수 있게 된다고 생각해요. 그러니까 로봇과 인간의 우주 비행은 서로 멋진 결합인거죠. 대단하군요. 미 행성협회의 CEO로서 그런 점이 바로 우리가 지지하는 부분입니다. Sunny씨, 그런 식으로 느낀다니 기쁩니다. 대단할 따름이네요. 함께 세상을 바꿉시다. 좋습니다. 지금 전세계 라이브스트림 시청자로부터 받은 질문이 아주 많이 있습니다. Pecka Ulala씨 질문부터 시작해 볼까요. "우주에서 본 것 중 가장 아름다운 것은 무엇인가요?" Russian: с переменным успехом. Но я думаю, что автоматика – это наш помощник, потому что роботы делают первый шаг там, где нынешний уровень развития техники не позволяет пока ступить человеку. Второе, чем нам могут помочь роботы, – после прихода людей они будут выполнять рутинную работу, тем самым помогая людям сосредоточиться на исследованиях. Я думаю, что роботы и люди могут идти рука об руку, попеременно опережая друг друга, что несомненно поможет нам больше узнать о Вселенной. Так что я считаю, что сочетание роботизированных полетов с пилотируемыми – это очень хорошо. НАЙ. Отлично! Я как президент Планетарного общества могу заявить, что мы тоже выступаем за такой подход. И я рад, что вы разделяете наше мнение, Суни. Отлично! Давайте изменим мир! Это все хорошо, но у нас огромное количество вопросов от зрителей нашей трансляции во всем мире. Давайте начнем со зрителя по имени Пекка Улала. "Каким было самое красивое космическое явление, которое вам довелось увидеть?" Spanish: y que hay algún tipo de competencia entre ellos. Pero creo que la robótica es fantástica porque se encargará de dar el primer paso allí donde nosotros todavía no hayamos desarrollado suficientemente la tecnología para que los humanos puedan hacerlo y, además, otra cosa que puede hacer es que, una vez que los humanos llegan allí, puede asumir tareas repetitivas y realizar tareas repetitivas, tales como las que pueden realizar los humanos para, a continuación, dar el siguiente paso en la exploración. Por tanto, creo que la robótica y los seres humanos pueden ir paso a paso y avanzar de forma conjunta para ir cada vez más lejos y conocer mejor nuestro universo. Por tanto, creo que la robótica y los vuelos espaciales humanos juntos son una combinación fantástica. Nye: Eso es fantástico. Como Director ejecutivo de la Sociedad Planetaria, esto es algo que defendemos. Estoy encantado de que pienses así, Sunny. Es simplemente genial. Cambiemos el mundo. Esta es una muy buena noticia, pero tenemos millones de preguntas de nuestros espectadores en directo de todo el mundo, así que vamos a empezar por Pecka Ulala. "¿Qué es lo más bonito que has visto en el espacio?" Japanese: 一番きれいだったのは何ですか？サニー ウィリアムズ: そうですね、印象深いのは 窓の外から オーロラが見えたときや 南半球でもその光が見えたときです 感動したのは、それが私たちを 地上で生かしている エネルギーであること そして宇宙は圧倒的で はるかに想像を超えたものであり 発見すべき物はもっとあると実感しました もちろん 宇宙から見た地球は きれいで 青、緑、紫の色や 雲や氷ができる様子は 圧巻でした もう何度も言っていますが 誰もが宇宙から地球を 見られるようになれば もっと自然や、地球に住む人々に 感謝するでしょう こんなにも平和で美しいのですから ナイ: すばらしい あなたは大使であり 地球を代表する女性だ ありがとうございました 次の質問はカデン、もしかすると、 ケイデン・クチェラから Portuguese: Qual a maior inspiração que você já teve? Williams: Algo que nos dá uma aula de humildade é quando olhamos pela janela e vemos a Aurora Boreal ou as luzes no hemisfério sul. É incrível, e realmente nos faz perceber que somos... que a energia no universo é impressionante e maior do que podemos imaginar. E há muito mais para descobrir. E também ao olhar para nosso planeta. É lindo. É azul, verde, roxo. As nuvens se formando, o gelo se formando. É espetacular. E já disse isso outras vezes. Queria que todos pudessem dar uma volta ao redor da Terra, para que apreciassem mais nosso planeta e as pessoas que vivem nele. É tão calmo e lindo. Nye: Muito bom, Você é nossa embaixatriz, nossa mulher no espaço. Obrigado. Temos outra pergunta, de Kaden, ou Kayden Cuchera. iw: מה התובנה המשמעותית ביותר שהיתה לך, סאני? וויליאמס: מה שבאמת מכניס אותך לפרופורציות זה להתבונן מבעד לחלון ולראות משהו כמו הזוהר הצפוני או האורות בחצי הכדור הדרומי. זה מדהים, כי זה מעמיד אותנו במקום, שאנחנו, האנרגיה והיקום סביבנו הם בלתי נתפסים, וגדולים יותר ממה שניתן בכלל לדמיין, ויש עוד ועוד דברים שאפשר לגלות שם. וכמובן, כשמסתכלים על הכוכב שלנו, הוא פשוט יפה. הוא כחול, ירוק וסגול, העננים נוצרים והקרח נוצר. זה פשוט מרהיב. אמרתי את זה כבר כמה פעמים. הייתי שמחה אם כולם היו יכולים לעשות סיבוב מסביב לכדור הארץ, כי זה היה מגדיל מאוד את ההערכה שלהם כלפיו וכלפי האנשים שחיים בו. הוא כל כך יפה ושלו. ניי: זה נהדר. את השגרירה שלנו. את האישה שלנו בחלל. תודה. יש לנו עוד שאלה, הפעם מקאדן או 'קיידן' קוצ'רה. Korean: Sunny씨, 우주에서 본 것 중 가장 대단한 것은 무엇인가요? 정말 겸허해질 때는 창 밖을 바라보았을 때 북극광이나 남반구의 빛 같은 것을 볼 때에요. 말로 표현하기 어려워요. 우리의 본모습을 보게 해주죠. 우리가, 그러니까 우리를 둘러싼 우주의 에너지는 너무나 강력하고 우리가 상상할 수 없을만큼 넓고 게다가 저 너머에 우리가 발견해야 할 것이 엄청나게 많아요. 그리고 물론, 지구를 보면 너무나 예뻐요. 파랗고 초록색이고 보라색이죠. 구름이 형성되고 얼음이 형성돼요. 정말 장관이에요. 여러 번 말씀드린 것처럼 모든 사람들이 지구 주위를 한 바퀴 돌 수 있으면 좋겠어요. 그러면 지구와 지구에 사는 사람들에게 훨씬 더 감사한 마음이 들거에요. 너무나 평화롭고 예뻐요. 대단하군요. 당신은 우리의 대사이자 우주의 여인이에요. 감사합니다. 다른 질문이 있어요. Kaden 또는 "Kayden" Cuchera의 질문입니다. Spanish: ¿Qué es lo que mayor impacto te ha causado, Sunny? Williams: Bueno, te puedo decir que lo que es realmente abrumador es mirar por la ventana y ver algo como la Aurora Boreal o como las luces del hemisferio sur. Es maravilloso porque nos permite entender cuál es nuestro lugar, es decir, lo que somos. La energía que nos rodea y que está en el universo es sobrecogedora y va más allá de lo que jamás podremos imaginar. Y aún hay mucho más ahí fuera que tenemos que descubrir. Y, luego, por supuesto, observar nuestro planeta. Es precioso. Me refiero a sus colores azul, verde y púrpura y al hielo y a las nubes que se forman. Es espectacular. Y lo he dicho varias veces. Ojalá todo el mundo pudiera sobrevolar el planeta para poder apreciarlo mucho mejor, así como a la gente que vive en él. Es realmente pacífico y bonito. Nye: Oh, eso es genial. Eres nuestra embajadora, nuestra mujer en el espacio. Gracias. Tenemos otra pregunta de Kaden o "Kayden" Cuchera. German: Was war Ihr tollstes Erlebnis, Sunny? Wenn man aus dem Fenster schaut und das Nordlicht sieht, oder auch die Lichter der südlichen Hemisphäre, dann fühlt man sich schon ganz klein. Es ist sehr beeindruckend, denn man sieht, wo man wirklich steht mit all der Energie um uns. Das Universum ist so riesig, das ist mehr, als wir erfassen können, und es gibt noch so viel zu entdecken. Und dann sieht man unseren Planeten. Er ist wunderschön. Er ist blau, grün, lila. Wolken bilden sich, Eis bildet sich. Es ist so spektakulär. Was ich schon oft gesagt habe: Jeder sollte mal eine Runde um die Erde drehen können dann würde man die Erde und ihre Bewohner mehr schätzen. Sie ist so schön und friedlich. Das ist super. Sie sind unsere Botschafterin, unsere Frau im Weltraum. Vielen Dank! Eine weitere Frage von Kaden oder Kayden Cuchera. Arabic: وماذا كانت الرؤية المتبصرة التي تكشفت لك، ساني؟ ويليامز: حسنًا، سأخبرك، ما يدعو حقًا إلى التواضع هو عندما تنظر عبر النافذة وترى شيئًا مثل الشفق القطبي الشمالي أو أيضًا الأضواء في نصف الكرة الجنوبي. إن هذه الأشياء مذهلة، وهي تجعل الإنسان متواضعًا، إننا، إممم، الطاقة من حولنا وفي الكون تغمرنا بشعور جارف، بشكل أكبر مما يمكننا حتى تخيله بعقولنا، وهناك الكثير والكثير أمامنا لاستكشافه في الفضاء. وكذلك، بالطبع، النظر إلى كوكبنا. إنه رائع. وهو متعدد الألوان، فهو أزرق وأخضر وأرجواني. السحاب يتكون، والثلج يتكون. إنه مشهد مذهل. ولقد قلت عدة مرات. أتمنى أن يستطيع الجميع أن يدوروا حول كوكب الأرض، فعندئذٍ سيقدرونه بشكل أفضل وسيقدرون الأشخاص الذين يعيشون عليه. إنه مشهد يعمه السلام والروعة. ناي: أوه، هذا رائع، أنتِ سفيرنا، أنتِ مبعوثتنا إلى الفضاء. شكرًا جزيلاً لك. لدينا سؤال آخر، هذا السؤال من كادن أو "كيدن" كوشيرا. Polish: Jaki był najlepszy widok, Sunny? Williams: Wrażenie naprawdę robi to, że gdy wyjrzysz przez okno, możesz zobaczyć np. północną zorzę polarną lub jej południowy odpowiednik. To cudowne, od razu orientujesz się, że energia wokół nas i w całym wszechświecie jest przeogromna, większa niż możemy sobie wyobrazić, i że coraz więcej jest rzeczy, które musimy odkryć. Oczywiście widać też naszą planetę. Jest po prostu piękna. Błękitna, zielona, purpurowa. Tworzą się chmury i lód. Wygląda to zjawiskowo. Zawsze mówię, że każdy powinien mieć szansę okrążyć naszą planetę. Wtedy bardziej doceniłby ją i ludzi, którzy na niej żyją. Widok jest taki spokojny i piękny. Nye: To wspaniałe. Jesteś naszą ambasadorką, naszą kobietą w kosmosie. Dziękuję. Mamy kolejne pytanie, tym razem od Kadena czy też Kaydena Cuchery. English: What is the biggest insight you've had, Sunny? Williams: Well, I tell you, what really is humbling is when you look out the window and you see something like the Aurora Borealis or the, you know, the lights in the southern hemisphere also. It's just amazing, because it really puts us in our place, that we're, um, you know, the energy around us and in the universe is overwhelming, and more than we can even imagine with our minds, and there's more and more for us to discover out there. And then, of course, looking at our planet. It's just pretty. I mean, it's blue, it's green, it's purple. The clouds are forming, the ice is forming. It is just spectacular. And I've said it a number of times. I wish everybody would be able to take a lap around the planet, and then they'd have a much better appreciation for it and the people who live there. And it's just so peaceful and pretty. Nye: Oh, that's great, You are our ambassador, you are our woman in space. Thank you. We have another question, this one from Kaden or "Kayden" Cuchera. French: Qu'est-ce qui vous a le plus marqué Sunny ? On a le souffle coupé lorsqu'on regarde par le hublot et qu'on assiste à des phénomènes tels que les aurores boréales ou les lumières australes. On se sent tout petit, vous savez, toute cette énergie autour de nous et l'immensité de l'Univers. Ça dépasse notre imagination, et il nous reste encore tant à découvrir. Et puis aussi, regarder notre planète. Elle est si belle. Bleue, verte, mauve. Les nuages et la glace se forment… C'est spectaculaire. Je l'ai souvent dit, je voudrais que tout le monde puisse un jour survoler la planète. On l'apprécierait sans doute beaucoup plus, elle et ses habitants. Elle est si belle et paisible. Merveilleux. Vous êtes notre ambassadrice, notre femme dans l'espace. Merci. Nous avons une autre question qui nous vient de Kaden Cuchera. Russian: Что произвело на вас самое большое впечатление, Суни? УИЛЬЯМС. Есть вещи, которые внушают трепет. Например, когда смотришь в иллюминатор и видишь северное сияние или, например, сияние в южном полушарии. Это очень впечатляет, потому что напоминает нам о нашем месте, о том, что мы… как вам сказать… Нас во Вселенной окружает невообразимо мощная энергия, гораздо более мощная, чем мы можем себе представить. И нас ещё ждет столько интересных открытий. Также очень приятно смотреть на нашу планету. Она просто прекрасна! Она голубая, зеленая, лиловая. Ты видишь, как формируются облака, ледники. Незабываемое зрелище! И я уже не раз говорила: было бы хорошо, если бы каждый мог хотя бы раз облететь вокруг Земли. Мы бы тогда научились ценить ее и людей, которые на ней живут. Она такая мирная и красивая! НАЙ. Удивительно! Вы – наш посол, наша посланница в космосе. Спасибо! Следующий вопрос от зрителя по имени Каден или Кайден Кучера. Czech: Co na tebe udělalo největší dojem, Sunny? Williamsová: Řeknu vám, že nejúžasnější je, když se podíváte z okna a vidíte například auroru borealis nebo světla na jižní polokouli. Je to skvělé, protože vám to dá pocit perspektivy, jasně vidíte, že množství energie kolem nás a ve vesmíru je ohromné a větší než cokoli, co si dokážeme představit. A že je stále co objevovat. Potom samozřejmě pohled na naši planetu. Je prostě krásná. Je modrá, je zelená, je fialová. Vidíte, jak se hýbou mraky, jak se tvoří led. Je to úžasná podívaná. Říkala jsem to již několikrát. Chtěla, bych aby se na oběžnou dráhu jednou dostal každý, pak by si lidé více vážili planety i lidí, kteří ji obývají. Je tak mírumilovná a krásná. Nye: To je pěkné. Ty jsi náš vyslanec, naše žena ve vesmíru. Díky. Mám tu další otázku, tentokrát od Kadena nebo Kaydena Cuchery. Dutch: Wat is het grootste inzicht waartoe je bent gekomen, Sunny? Williams: Wat je echt bescheiden maakt, is wanneer je uit het raam kijkt en je ziet zoiets als het noorderlicht of het licht op het zuidelijk halfrond. Het is fantastisch, want het zet ons echt weer even op onze plaats, en laat zien dat de energie om ons heen en in het universum overweldigend is, en meer dan we kunnen bevatten, en dat er nog veel meer is om te ontdekken. En natuurlijk het kijken naar onze planeet. Die is gewoon mooi. Hij is blauw, en groen en paars. Er worden wolken gevormd, er wordt ijs gevormd. Het is gewoon spectaculair. En ik heb het al een aantal keer gezegd. Ik wou dat iedereen een rondje rond de planeet kon maken, en dan zouden ze er veel meer respect voor hebben en voor de mensen die er wonen. Het is zo vreedzaam en mooi. Nye: Dat is prachtig. Je bent onze ambassadrice, onze vrouw in de ruimte. Dank je. We hebben nog een vraag, deze is van Kaden of 'Kayden' Cuchera. Italian: Qual è la più grande rivelazione che hai avuto, Sunny? Williams: Beh, vi dirò, quello che ti fa sentire davvero piccolo piccolo è guardare fuori dall'oblò e vedere cose come l'aurora boreale o anche le luci nell'emisfero sud del mondo. È semplicemente fantastico, perché ci fa capire qual è il nostro posto, che siamo, ehm, l'energia che ci circonda e nell'universo è sconvolgente, molto più di quello che potremmo mai immaginare con le nostre menti, e c'è molto, molto altro da scoprire là fuori. E poi, naturalmente, osservare il nostro pianeta. È meraviglioso. Voglio dire, è blu, è verde, è viola. Vedi le nuvole che si stanno formando, il ghiaccio che si sta formando. È spettacolare. L'ho detto un sacco di volte. Vorrei che tutti potessero fare un giro intorno al pianeta, perché poi apprezzerebbero molto di più il mondo e le persone che lo abitano. Inoltre è così bello e tranquillo. Nye: Oh, è fantastico, tu sei la nostra ambasciatrice, la nostra donna nello spazio. Grazie. Abbiamo un'altra domanda, stavolta da Kaden o "Kayden" Cuchera. Chinese: 你看過最壯觀的景象是什麼呢 Sunny？ 我跟你說，當你望向窗外 看見極光時 這種光也會發生在南半球 那真的會讓人感到謙卑 太驚人了 那讓我們意識到 我們身在這裡 受各種能量包圍 而宇宙是如此宏偉 遠超乎我們所能想像 還有無數的事物等著我們去發掘 還有看著地球的時候 那真的很美 同時擁有藍色、綠色和紫色 雲和冰都正在成形 太壯觀了 我已經提過很多次了 我希望所有人 都能夠到地球外繞一圈 人們會對地球 以及活在地球上的人類 感到更加感激 既和平又美麗 噢，真是太棒了 妳是我們的大使 太空中的女子 謝謝您 還有一個問題 提問者是 Kaden 又稱為「Kayden」Cuchera Spanish: ¿Cuál es la mayor percepción que has tenido, Sunny? Williams: Bueno, te cuento, algo realmente conmovedor es cuando miras por la ventana y ves algo como la Aurora Boreal o las luces en el hemisferio sur también. Es simplemente maravilloso, porque nos pone en nuestro lugar, que somos, tú sabes, la energía que nos rodea y en el universo es inmensa, y más de lo que jamás podamos imaginarnos, y todavía tenemos mucho por descubrir. Y luego, por supuesto, observar nuestro planeta. Es hermoso. Es azul, es verde, es púrpura. Las nubes se forman, el hielo se forma. Es simplemente espectacular. Y lo he dicho varias veces. Ojalá todos pudiesen observar así al planeta, y entonces podrían apreciarlo mucho mejor y a las personas que viven allí. Y es tan pacífico y bonito. Nye: Eso es maravilloso, eres nuestra embajadora, nuestra mujer en el espacio. Gracias. Tenemos otra pregunta, esta es de Kaden o "Kayden" Cuchera. Japanese: 「そんなに狭い空間にいて、 困ることはないのですか？」 ウィリアムズ: いいえ、ここは快適で、 最初はもっと狭くて 3人しかいませんでした 今は6人ですがモジュールは10に増え いろいろな部屋もあって 宇宙船の先頭から ロシアのセグメントまで 5階建ての家のようです 外を眺める窓もたくさんあって 宇宙ではすべてが楽しいです 掃除ですら楽しいので退屈しません やることもたくさんありますし 外にも出られます 外はもっと楽しい なので退屈することはありません 最高です ナイ: なるほど 次はブロヤンナ・ペイジ・ヘンダーソンから の質問 「どのくらい訓練したのですか？」 訓練期間はどのくらいでしたか？ Chinese: 「待在這麼狹窄的密閉空間中 會讓您感到麻煩嗎？」 噢，不會 這裡很棒 我以前在這裡時 這裡更小 而且只有三個成員 我們現在有六個成員 但是也有超過十個實驗艙 光是從太空船前端 走回俄羅斯艙段 就有好幾條路要走 就像是五層樓的房子一樣 還有可以往外看的窗戶 在太空中，所有事都很有趣 清潔也很有趣 我們不會因為待在內部而感到無聊 因為隨時都有太多事要做了 我們偶爾也會到太空站外面去 一樣很有趣 所以，我永遠都不會因為待在這裡面 而覺得無聊 - 那很棒 - 太酷了 下一個問題來自 Broyanna Paige Henderson 「您的訓練時間大約多久？」 您花了多久時間訓練 才做好準備 Italian: "Non vi pesa stare in un'area così piccola, in uno spazio così limitato lassù?" Williams: Oh, cavoli, no. Sapete, questo posto è fantastico, ed ero qui quando era un po' più piccolo e c'erano solo tre persone. Ora siamo in sei, ma abbiamo più di dieci moduli che si diramano in direzioni diverse dalla parte anteriore della stazione spaziale fino al segmento russo laggiù. È come un palazzo di cinque piani. Ci sono oblò per guardare fuori. Sapete, tutto nello spazio è più divertente. Fare le pulizie è divertente, quindi non ti annoi a stare dentro, perché ci sono sempre molte cose da fare. E poi di tanto in tanto andiamo anche fuori, e anche quello è molto divertente. Quindi no, non mi stanco mai di stare qua dentro. È fantastico. Nye: Forte. Abbiamo un'altra domanda da Broyanna Paige Henderson. "Quanto dura il vostro addestramento?" Quanto hai lavorato per prepararti Spanish: "¿Alguna vez te preocupa estar en un área tan pequeña, en un espacio tan confinado allá arriba? Williams: Oh, para nada. Este lugar es estupendo, y estuve aquí cuando era un poco más pequeño y solo cabíamos tres personas. Ahora somos seis, pero tenemos más de diez módulos, y, tú sabes, tiene diferentes direcciones desde el frente de la nave espacial hasta el final, hasta el segmento ruso aquí. Es como una casa de cinco pisos. Tiene ventanas. Tú sabes, todo en el espacio es más divertido. Limpiar es divertido, así que no te cansas de estar adentro, porque siempre hay muchas cosas para hacer. Y de vez en cuando, también podemos salir, así que es muy divertido. De manera que no, no me canso de estar aquí adentro. Es... es grandioso. Nye: Genial. Tenemos otra pregunta de Broyanna Paige Henderson. "¿De cuánto tiempo aproximadamente es tu capacitación?" ¿Cuánto trabajaste para prepararte para esto Czech: „Vadí vám někdy, že jste tam nahoře zavření v tak malém prostoru?“ Williamsová: Vůbec ne. Je to tady skvělé, byla jsem tu, už když byl prostor ještě menší a byli jsme zde tři. Teď je nás šest, ale máme přes deset modulů, které jsou připojené ze všech stran, od přední části stanice až po ruskou část tady vzadu. Je to jako pětipatrový dům. Jsou tu okna, ze kterých se můžeme dívat. Ve vesmíru je všechno zábavnější. I uklízení je zábavné, být stále uvnitř se vám neomrzí, protože máte stále něco na práci. A jednou za čas se dostanete také ven, což je ještě zábavnější. To, že jsme tu zavření, mi vůbec nevadí. Je to skvělé. Nye: To je dobře. Další dotaz je od Broyanny Paige Hendersonové: „Jak dlouho trvá váš výcvik?“ Jak dlouho ses musela připravovat German: "Ist es seltsam, dort oben auf so beengtem Raum zu leben?" Überhaupt nicht. Das ist ein fantastischer Ort. Ich war schon hier, als es noch etwas kleiner war und nur 3 Leute Platz fanden. Jetzt sind wir zu sechst, aber es sind über 10 Module dabei. Und es gibt verschiedene Gänge, vom Vorderteil des Raumschiffs bis zum russischen Abschnitt ganz hinten. Wie ein fünfstöckiges Haus. Es gibt Fenster zum Hinaussehen. Alles macht im All mehr Spaß. Saubermachen macht Spaß. Es wird nicht langweilig, weil immer so viel zu tun ist. Und hin und wieder geht man auch mal raus. Das macht auch Spaß. Hier drin zu sein, ist also gar nicht langweilig. Super. Das ist cool. Noch eine Frage von Broyanna Paige Henderson. "Wie lang dauert die Ausbildung?" Wann waren Sie bereit? Dutch: 'Vind je het nooit vervelend om daar in zo'n kleine ruimte te zitten?' Williams: O, nee hoor. Het is hier geweldig, en ik ben hier al eens geweest toen het kleiner was en we met drie mensen waren. Nu zijn we met zes, maar we hebben meer dan tien modules. En het vertakt in verschillende richtingen vanaf de voorkant van het ruimtestation helemaal naar het eind met het Russische segment daar. Het is als een huis met vijf verdiepingen. Er zijn ramen om door naar buiten te kijken. In de ruimte is alles leuker. Schoonmaken is leuk, dus je wordt het niet zat om binnen te zitten, omdat er altijd zo veel te doen is. En af en toe mag je ook naar buiten, en dat is ook heel erg leuk. Dus nee, ik word er nooit zat van om hier te zitten. Het is fantastisch. Nye: Dat is cool. We hebben nog een vraag van Broyanna Paige Henderson. 'Hoe lang duurt je training?' Hoe lang heb je gewerkt om je hierop voor te bereiden iw: "זה לא מפריע לך לשהות בכזה מקום קטן, בשטח כל כך מוגבל שם למעלה?" וויליאמס: ממש לא, המקום הזה נהדר, ואני הייתי פה כשזה היה קצת יותר קטן והיינו רק שלושה אנשים. עכשיו אנחנו שישה, אבל יש לנו מעל עשרה מודולים, והם מתפרשים בכיוונים שונים מהחלק הקדמי של החללית כל הדרך לקצה האחורי, עד החלק הרוסי שם. זה כמו בית בן חמש קומות. יש חלונות שניתן להסתכל בעדם. הכול יותר כיף בחלל. אפילו לנקות זה כיף, אז לא נמאס לך להיות בפנים. כי יש תמיד הרבה דברים לעשות. ומדי פעם אפשר לצאת החוצה, שזה גם מאוד כיף. אז לא, אף פעם לא נמאס לי להיות פה. זה נהדר. ניי: זה מגניב. יש לנו עוד שאלה, מברויאנה פייג' הנדרסון. "כמה זמן אורכת ההכשרה שלכם?" כמה זמן עבדת כדי להתכונן לזה Russian: "Вам никогда не было страшно находится в таком небольшом, замкнутом пространстве?" УИЛЬЯМС. О нет! Знаете, тут очень хорошо. И я находилась здесь, когда эта станция была немного меньше. Тогда нас было трое. А сейчас нас 6 человек, но у нас больше десяти модулей. Здесь можно двигаться в разных направлениях: от передней части корабля и в самый конец до российского сегмента вон там. Это как пятиэтажный дом. Здесь есть иллюминаторы, через которые можно смотреть как в окно. Знаете, в космосе всё интересней. Даже уборка не надоедает! Так что здесь не скучно, потому что у нас всегда много работы. А потом, часто ведь приходится выходить в открытый космос, а это тоже очень интересно. Так что нет, мне здесь никогда не надоедает. Здесь очень интересно. НАЙ. Отлично! У нас ещё вопрос от Броянны Пейдж-Хендерсон. "Сколько времени нужно на обучение?" Сколько времени у вас ушло на подготовку к полету, Arabic: "هل تضايقتي من قبل من التواجد في مثل هذه المساحة الصغيرة، في مثل هذه المساحة الضيقة في الفضاء؟" ويليامز: أوه، لا، على الإطلاق. هذا المكان رائع، وقد كنت هنا عندما كان أصغر قليلاً من ذلك وكان عددنا لا يتعدى ثلاثة أشخاص. وقد بلغ عدد الأشخاص الآن ستة وما يزيد عن عشر وحدات، والمكان به اتجاهات مختلفة من مقدمة سفينة الفضاء رجوعًا إلى القسم الروسي بالمؤخرة هناك. فهو كالمنزل المتألف من خمسة طوابق. وهناك نوافذ لننظر عبرها. كل شيء في الفضاء أكثر متعة. التنظيف ممتع، ولا نسأم من البقاء بالداخل، لأن هناك دومًا أمورًا كثيرة لنفعلها. ومن حينٍ لآخر، يمكن الخروج أيضًا، وهذا ممتع كذلك. لذا، أنا لا أسأم أبدًا من البقاء بالداخل هنا. فالأمر رائع. ناي: هذا ممتاز. لدينا سؤال آخر من بوريانا بيدج هندرسون. "كم تبلغ تقريبًا فترة تدريبك؟" كم استغرقتي في العمل للاستعداد لهذا الأمر Korean: "그렇게 작은 공간, 한정된 공간에 있어서 괴로운 적이 있나요?" 세상에, 아니요. 이곳은 훌륭해요. 이 곳이 좀 더 작을 때도 여기에 있었고 그 때는 세 사람만 있었죠. 지금은 6명이 있지만 모듈이 10개도 넘어요. 그리고 서로 방향이 달라요. 우주선의 정면에서 곧장 뒤로 가면 러시아 세그먼트가 있어요. 마치 5층짜리 주택 같아요. 내다볼 수 있는 창도 있어요. 우주에서는 모든 것이 더 재미있어요. 청소도 재미있어서 내부에 있는 것이 싫증나지 않아요. 항상 할 것이 많기 때문이죠. 그리고 가끔씩 밖에 나가기도 해요. 밖에서도 재미있는 일이 많아요. 그래서 이 내부에 있는 것이 조금도 지겹지 않아요. 아주 좋아요. 멋져요. Broyanna Paige Henderson씨로부터 다른 질문이 있습니다. "약 얼마 동안 훈련을 받나요?" 우주비행사가 되기 위해 얼마나 오래 노력했습니까? French: "Ne devenez-vous pas claustrophobe à force de vivre dans un espace si confiné ?" Pas vraiment. C'est plutôt agréable. Je l'ai connu à l'époque où il était plus petit, et qu'il ne pouvait contenir que trois personnes. À présent, nous sommes six, et nous avons plus de dix modules. Il y a plusieurs pièces, de l'avant à l'arrière du vaisseau, jusqu'au compartiment russe là-bas. C'est comme une maison à cinq étages. On peut regarder dehors. Tout est plus amusant dans l'espace. Même le ménage est amusant, on ne s'ennuie donc jamais. Parfois, on a l'occasion de sortir, ce qui est encore plus amusant. Donc, non, on ne s'ennuie pas à bord. Tant mieux. Nous avons une question de Broyanna Paige Henderson. "Combien de temps dure votre entraînement ?" Combien de temps de préparation a été nécessaire, English: "Does it ever bother you to be in such a small area, in such a confined space up there?" Williams: Oh, gosh, no. You know, this place is great, and I was here when it was a little bit smaller and we only had three people in. Now we have six, but we have, you know, over ten modules, And, you know, it goes different directions from the front of the spacecraft all the way back to the Russian segment back there. It's like a five-story house. There's windows to look out of. You know, everything in space is more fun. Cleaning is fun, so you don't get tired of being inside, because there's always a lot of things to do. And every now and then, you get to go outside, too, so that's a lot of fun as well. So, no, I never get tired of being inside here. It's--it's great. Nye: That's cool. We have another question from Broyanna Paige Henderson. "About how long is your training?" How long did you work to get ready for this Polish: „Czy przeszkadza ci przebywanie w tak małej, zamkniętej przestrzeni na orbicie?” Williams: Nie, wcale. To miejsce jest świetne, byłam tu wcześniej, gdy stacja była mniejsza i załoga liczyła tylko trzy osoby. Teraz jest nas sześcioro, ale mamy ponad 10 modułów. Stacja rozciąga się w różnych kierunkach, od przedniej części aż po rosyjski segment na końcu. To jak 5-piętrowy dom. Ma okna, przez które patrzymy. W kosmosie wszystko sprawia większą radość. Sprzątanie jest przyjemne, nie męczy nas pobyt w zamknięciu, bo zawsze jest wiele do zrobienia. Czasami wychodzimy na zewnątrz, co też sprawia dużo frajdy. Nie, nigdy nie męczy mnie przebywanie tutaj. Tu jest wspaniale. Nye: To fajnie. Następne pytanie jest od Broyanny Paige Henderson. „Jak długo trwa szkolenie?” Ile przygotowywałaś się Portuguese: "É incomodo para você ficar em um local tão pequeno, em uma área tão confinada aí em cima?" Williams: Claro que não. Este lugar é ótimo, eu estive aqui quando era um pouco menor e havia apenas três pessoas. Agora, temos seis, mas também temos mais de 10 módulos. E temos vários compartimentos, da frente da espaçonave até a traseira, onde ficam os russos. É como uma casa de cinco andares. Há janelas para olharmos. Tudo aqui no espaço é mais divertido. Limpar é divertido, e não cansamos de ficar aqui dentro porque sempre temos muito o que fazer. E às vezes vamos lá fora também. Isso também é divertido. E nunca me canso de ficar aqui. É ótimo. Nye: Que legal. Temos outra pergunta de Broyanna Henderson. "Quanto tempo demora o treinamento? Quanto tempo durou a preparação Spanish: "¿Alguna vez te has sentido agobiada por estar en un área tan pequeña y en un espacio tan limitado ahí arriba?" Williams: No, en absoluto. Este sitio es genial y estuve aquí cuando era un poco más pequeño y solo cabíamos tres personas. Ahora somos seis, pero tenemos más de diez módulos. Además, tiene diferentes compartimentos que van desde la parte delantera de la nave espacial hasta la parte trasera donde está el segmento ruso allí detrás. Es como un edificio de cinco plantas. Tiene ventanas para ver el exterior. Todo lo que hay en el espacio es más divertido. Hasta limpiar es divertido, así que no te cansas de estar dentro porque siempre hay muchas cosas que hacer. Y, de vez en cuando, también sales al exterior y eso también es muy divertido. Así que, he de decir que nunca me canso de estar aquí dentro. Es genial. Nye: Eso es fantástico. Tenemos otra pregunta de Broyanna Paige Henderson. "¿Cuánto tiempo aproximadamente dura el período de formación?" ¿Durante cuánto tiempo te preparaste para ser astronauta German: Und was mussten Sie dabei machen? Auch das ist eine gute Frage. Vielen Leuten ist nicht klar, dass diese Raumstation riesig ist und hier eine Menge Dinge zu finden ist. Es gibt keine Elektriker, Klempner oder Computertechniker hier oben. Wir machen alles selbst. Die Ausbildung dauert ca. 2,5 Jahre Man lernt die Module der Amerikaner, der Japaner, der Europäer und Russen kennen. Man ist viel unterwegs in der Welt, muss auch Russisch lernen, denn wir fliegen in einer russischen Sojus-Kapsel her. Wir lernen, wie das Raumschiff funktioniert, und das Training ist sehr umfassend, damit wir alles machen können: Klempnerei, Elektro-, Leitungs- und Gerätereparaturen. Man lernt also viel, und es dauert 2,5 Jahre, aber es macht Riesenspaß. Da lernt man auch die Crew kennen, Czech: a co jste při výcviku všechno dělali? Williamsová: To je velmi dobrá otázka. Myslím, že si lidé často neuvědomují, že vesmírná stanice je, jak už jsem říkala, opravdu velká a plná přístrojů. Nemáme tu elektrikáře, instalatéry ani odborníky přes IT. Děláme si všechno sami. Takže výcvik trvá zhruba dva a půl roku a učíme se v něm o amerických modulech, japonských modulech, evropských modulech i ruských modulech. Hodně kvůli tomu cestujeme po světě, učíme se také rusky, protože nahoru létáme ruským Sojuzem. Učíme se všechna plavidla ovládat, takže trénink je hodně rozsáhlý a rozmanitý, abychom zvládli i ty instalatérské, elektrotechnické a veškeré jiné činnosti. Je to celá řada dovedností, ale těch 2 a půl roku je nesmírně zábavných. Seznámíte se přitom se svými kolegy z posádky, Russian: и что вам пришлось освоить? УИЛЬЯМС. Тоже интересный вопрос. Думаю, не все осознают, что космическая станция, как я уже сказала, – большое сооружение, и здесь много всего. Как вы понимаете, у нас нет электриков, нет сантехников, нет компьютерщиков. Все приходится делать самим. Поэтому подготовка заняла около 2 с половиной лет. Во время подготовки мы изучали устройство американских сегментов… модулей… японских, европейских, российских... Для этого пришлось немало поездить по миру, я также учила русский язык, потому что нас сюда доставляет российский корабль "Союз". Мы изучали устройство космического корабля, а также проходили серьезную подготовку по базовым навыкам, чтобы суметь починить водопровод, электрику, систему водоснабжения, работать с научным оборудованием. Приходится учить очень много всего, и занимает это 2,5 года. Конечно, это очень интересно. В процессе подготовки ты знакомишься с экипажем, потому что Korean: 준비하기 위해 어떤 일들을 해야 했나요? 좋은 질문이에요. 사람들은 잘 모르는 것 같아요. 아까 말씀드린 것처럼 우주선은 크고 많은 것들이 있어요. 여기에는 전기 기술자나 배관공, 컴퓨터를 다루는 IT 기술자가 없어요. 우리가 모든 것을 직접 해요. 그래서 약 2년 반 정도 교육을 받아요. 교육에는 미국 세그먼트.. 모듈.. 일본 모듈... 유럽, 러시아 모듈 등이 포함되요. 즉, 수많은 나라를 여행하고 러시아어를 공부해요. 왜냐하면 우리는 러시아의 소유즈 우주선을 타고 날아왔거든요. 우리는 우주선의 작동법을 배워요. 교육은 꽤 광범위한 기술 위주로 이루어져요. 배관, 전기, 물, 과학과 관련된 모든 것들을 할 수 있어야 하니까요. 대단히 많은 기술 교육을 받지만 약 2년 반 정도 걸려요. 그리고 아주 재미있어요. 그 때 함께 할 승무원들을 알게 되요. iw: ומהם חלק מהדברים שהיה עליך לעשות כדי להתכונן? וויליאמס: זו שאלה נהדרת. אני חושבת שהרבה אנשים לא מבינים שתחנת החלל היא, כפי שאמרתי, גדולה, ויש בה הרבה דברים. אין לנו חשמלאים ושרברבים וטכנאי מחשבים כאן. אנחנו עושים את הכל בעצמנו. אז ההכשרה נמשכת בערך שנתיים וחצי. היא כוללת לימודים על המקטעים והמודולים האמריקאים, היפנים, האירופאים, הרוסים, זה מצריך הרבה נסיעות מסביב לעולם. צריך ללמוד את השפה הרוסית, כי אנחנו טסים בחללית הסויוז הרוסית. אנחנו לומדים על האופן שבו החללית פועלת. וההכשרה די מקיפה בכל הנוגע לרכישת כישורים, כדי שנוכל לעשות את כל עבודות השרברבות, החשמל, המים והמטלות המדעיות. מדובר בהרבה כישורים, אבל זה בערך שנתיים וחצי. וזה כיף מאוד. וזו התקופה שבמהלכה אתה מכיר את הצוות שלך, Arabic: هل يمكنك أن تذكري بعض الأمور التي كان عليك إجراؤها للاستعداد؟ ويليامز: أتعلمين، هذا سؤال رائع. أعتقد أن الأشخاص لا يدركون أن، محطة الفضاء، كما قلت، كبيرة وبها الكثير من الأشياء. وليس هناك اختصاصيون بالكهرباء والسباكة ولا اختصاصي الكمبيوتر-- اختصاصي تقنية المعلومات معنا هنا. فنحن نفعل كل ذلك بأنفسنا. لذا فإن فترة التدريب تستغرق حوالي عامين ونصف، وهي تتألف من تعلم أمور حول أقسام الولايات المتحدة-- والوحدات-- اليابانية، والأوروبية والروسية. وذلك يتطلب السفر كثيرًا حول العالم، وتعلم أيضًا اللغة الروسية، لأننا نحلق عبر سفينة فضاء روسية. فنتعلم أمورًا حول كيف تعمل سفينة الفضاء هذه، لذلك فإن التدريب مكثف للغاية في ما يتعلق بالمهارات، حتى نتمكن من أداء جميع مهام السباكة، والأمور المتعلقة بالكهرباء، والمياه، والعلم. وهو يتعلق إلى حد كبير بالمهارات لكنه يستغرق حوالي عامين ونصف وذلك ممتع كثيرًا. ويتيح ذلك التعرف طاقم العمل، Spanish: y cuáles son algunas de las cosas que has tenido que hacer para prepararte? Williams: Esa es una buena pregunta. Creo que la gente no es consciente de que la estación espacial, como he comentado, es muy grande y hay muchas cosas. No tenemos electricistas ni fontaneros, ni informáticos aquí arriba, así que tenemos que hacerlo todo nosotros solos. Bueno, el período de formación duró aproximadamente dos años y medio y consistió en aprender los segmentos estadounidenses y los módulos japonés, europeo y ruso. Así que, eso supuso viajar mucho por el mundo y aprender también ruso, ya que volamos en un vehículo Soyuz ruso. Además, aprendemos el funcionamiento de esa nave espacial, así que la formación es bastante amplia en lo que respecta a conocimientos básicos, por lo que tenemos que ser capaces de hacer todo tipo de tareas de fontanería o electricidad y relacionadas con el agua y otros aspectos científicos. Son muchos conocimientos básicos, pero la formación dura unos dos años y medio y es muy muy divertida. Ahí es cuando conoces a la tripulación English: and what are some of the things you had to do to prepare? Williams: You know, that's a great question. I think people don't realize that it, you know, the space station, like I said, is big and there are a lot of things. You know, we don't have electricians and plumbers and computer-- you know, I.T. folks up here. We do it all ourselves. So the training is about 2 1/2 years, and it consists of learning about the U.S. segments-- modules-- the Japanese, the European, the Russian. So that means a lot of travel around the world, learning the Russian language also, because we fly up in a Russian Soyuz vehicle. We learn about how that spacecraft works, and so the training is pretty extensive on skills base, so we can be able to do all that plumbing, electrical stuff, water stuff, science stuff. So it's a lot of skills base, but it's about 2 1/2 years and it's--it's a lot of fun. That's when you get to know your crew, Japanese: 何を準備する必要がありましたか？ ウィリアムズ: 良い質問です 一般の人はこの宇宙ステーションが 小さくて物が少ないと 思うでしょう 電気技師や工員もいなくて コンピュータ技術者もいない すべて自分たちでやります なので2年半の訓練が必要でした アメリカのセグメントや 日本、欧州、そして ロシアのモジュールを勉強しました まるで世界旅行です ロシア語も習いました ロシアのソユーズに乗るからです 宇宙船の仕組みも習い 配線や配管の技術や 装置の取り扱いなど 職人的な技が中心です いろいろな技を2年半で学んだので とても楽しかったです みんな一緒に勉強したので Chinese: 您必須要準備哪些事項呢？ 這個問題很棒 我想大家並不瞭解 太空站非常大 裡面有許多器材 我們沒有水電工 也沒有電腦，只有 I.T. 技術人員 所以一切都得自己搞定 我花了約兩年半完成訓練 還包括學習美國艙段... 還有日本、歐洲 和俄羅斯實驗艙 跟環遊世界很像 我也要學習俄語 因為我們也會駕駛聯盟號太空船 我們要瞭解太空船的運作方式 所以訓練的相關技能相當廣泛 我們要懂得處理所有管線 電力設施、供水設施和科學儀器 都需要仰賴專業技能 雖然花了約兩年半 但還是非常有趣 而且你可以認識自己的組員 French: et en quoi consiste cette préparation ? Très bonne question. Je crois que les gens ne se rendent pas compte, la station est très grande, et abrite de nombreux équipements. Nous n'avons ni électriciens, ni plombiers, et personne pour dépanner nos ordinateurs. Nous faisons tout tous seuls. L'entraînement dure donc environ 2 ans et demi. On doit connaître les modules, l'américain, le japonais, l'européen, le russe. Il faut donc beaucoup voyager, apprendre le russe, par exemple, car nous sommes à bord d'un vaisseau russe Soyouz. Nous devons apprendre le fonctionnement du vaisseau. La formation est donc très vaste, de sorte que nous sachions nous occuper de la plomberie, de l'électricité, de l'alimentation en eau, en plus de tous les aspects scientifiques. Ça explique donc les 2 ans et demi, mais c'est une super expérience. C'est là qu'on apprend à connaître l'équipage, Polish: do wyprawy i na czym polegał twój trening? Williams: To świetne pytanie. Ludzie nie zdają sobie sprawy, że stacja kosmiczna jest duża i zawiera sporo sprzętu. Nie mamy tu elektryków, hydraulików czy informatyków. Wszystko robimy sami. Szkolenie trwa około 2,5 roku. Obejmuje naukę obsługi segmentów i modułów – amerykańskiego, japońskiego, europejskiego i rosyjskiego. To oznacza dużo podróży po świecie, i naukę języka rosyjskiego, bo przylatujemy tu rosyjskim statkiem Sojuz. Uczymy się, jak działa stacja kosmiczna, zdobywając przy tym liczne umiejętności, dzięki którym możemy obsługiwać systemy hydrauliczne, elektryczne, wodne czy badawcze. Umiejętności jest wiele, ale mamy na to 2,5 roku i to dobra zabawa. Wtedy poznajemy innych członków załogi, Dutch: en wat voor dingen heb je gedaan in je voorbereiding? Williams: Dat is een hele goede vraag. Ik denk dat mensen zich niet realiseren dat het ruimtestation groot is, zoals ik al zei, en allerlei dingen bevat. We hebben geen elektriciens en loodgieters en IT'ers hier. We doen alles zelf. De training duurt ongeveer 2,5 jaar, en bestaat uit kennismaken met de Amerikaanse segmenten of modules, de Japanse, de Europese, de Russische. Dat betekent dat je de hele wereld rondreist, en dat je Russisch moet leren, omdat we omhoog vliegen in een Russische Sojoez. We leren hoe dat ruimtevaartuig werkt, dus de training is behoorlijk uitgebreid wat vaardigheden betreft, zodat we loodgieters kunnen zijn, en elektriciteit, water en wetenschappelijke dingen kunnen regelen. Het draait dus veel om vaardigheden, maar het duurt ongeveer tweeënhalf jaar en het is erg leuk. Je maakt kennis met je medebemanning, Portuguese: e o que você teve que fazer para se preparar? Williams: É uma boa pergunta. As pessoas não percebem que a EEI é grande e tem muitas coisas. Não temos eletricistas nem encanadores e técnicos em informática aqui em cima. Fazemos de tudo. O treinamento dura dois anos e meio e consiste em conhecer os segmentos, ou módulos, americanos, o japonês, o europeu, o russo. Viajamos bastante pelo mundo, aprendendo russo porque viajamos no Soyuz russo. Aprendemos como funciona aquela espaçonave. O treinamento é extensivo em relação às habilidades para que possamos fazer de tudo, serviços de encanamento, elétricos e científicos. São muitas habilidades. Dura dois anos e meio, mas é bastante divertido. É quando conhecemos a equipe, Spanish: y cuáles son algunas de las cosas que tuviste que hacer para prepararte? Williams: Muy buena pregunta. Creo que las personas no se dan cuenta de que la estación espacial, como dije, es grande, y de que hay muchas cosas. Tú sabes, no tenemos electricistas ni plomeros ni personas expertas en computación aquí arriba. Todo lo hacemos nosotros. Así que la capacitación es de unos dos años y medio, y consiste en aprender acerca de los segmentos de EE.UU., los módulos... el japonés, el europeo, el ruso. Y eso implica muchos viajes por todo el mundo, aprender el idioma ruso también, porque volamos en un vehículo Soyuz ruso. Aprendemos cómo funciona esa nave espacial, de modo que la capacitación es bastante amplia en cuanto a las habilidades fundamentales, para que podamos realizar todas esas tareas de plomería, eléctricas, del agua, de la ciencia. Son muchas habilidades fundamentales, pero son unos dos años y medio y es muy divertido. Es cuando comienzas a conocer a tu tripulación, Italian: e quali sono alcune delle attività che hai dovuto svolgere per prepararti? Williams: Ottima domanda. Penso che le persone non si rendano conto che la stazione spaziale, come ho detto, è grande e ci sono molte cose. Non abbiamo elettricisti e idraulici e addetti al computer... personale I.T. quassù. Facciamo tutto da soli. Quindi l'addestramento dura circa 2 anni e mezzo e consiste nell'apprendimento dei segmenti USA... dei moduli... quello giapponese, quello europeo e quello russo. Questo significa molti viaggi in tutto il mondo, anche imparare la lingua russa, perché saliamo a bordo su una navetta Soyuz russa. Impariamo come funziona la stazione spaziale e quindi l'addestramento è abbastanza vasto rispetto alle competenze di base, in modo da essere in grado di svolgere tutti i lavori idraulici, elettrici e scientifici. Quindi sono molte competenze di base, ma sono circa 2 anni e mezzo ed è molto divertente. È in questa occasione che conosci il tuo equipaggio, Italian: perché ci addestriamo tutti insieme. Nye: A proposito di conoscere l'equipaggio, noi... penso che a nessuno di noi sia sfuggito, è appena passato un tizio sulla tua spalla destra. Chi era? Williams: Era Aki. Ovviamente qui rappresenta l'agenzia spaziale giapponese. Lui e io insieme a Yuri Malenchenko dell'agenzia spaziale russa siamo saliti a bordo con la Soyuz, ma anche chi è qui ha viaggiato su un'altra Soyuz, si stanno preparando per andare a casa domenica Joe Acaba, un altro americano, e due russi, Gennady Padalka e Sergei Revin. Quindi abbiamo un bel gruppo assortito di persone e tra circa un mese arriverà un'altra Soyuz con un altro americano e due russi. Quindi è abbastanza affollato quassù, con veicoli spaziali che vanno e vengono e persone che entrano ed escono. Questo è un laboratorio. Stiamo lavorando qui, quindi vedrete delle persone che passano. Nye: Ma passano in modi straordinari, Sunny. Cioè, volano. È davvero forte. Spanish: porque todos entrenamos juntos. Nye: Ahora, hablando de conocer a tu tripulación, nosotros, creo, ninguno de nosotros pudo evitar ver que alguien pasó volando sobre tu hombro derecho. ¿Quién era? Williams: Ese era Aki. Ustedes saben, claro, él representa a la agencia espacial japonesa aquí. Él, yo misma y Yuri Malenchenko de la agencia espacial rusa volamos en el Soyuz, pero también aquí en un Soyuz diferente, preparándose para volver a casa el domingo, está Joe Acaba, otro norteamericano, además de dos rusos, Gennady Padalka y Sergei Revin. Así que tenemos un grupo diverso de personas, y más o menos dentro de un mes, llegará otro Soyuz con otro norteamericano y dos rusos. Así que todo es bastante activo acá arriba con naves espaciales que van y vienen y personas que llegan y que se van. Este es un laboratorio. Acá estamos trabajando, así que van a ver personas moviéndose de un lugar a otro. Nye: Pero se mueven de maneras extraordinarias, Sunny. Quiero decir, están todos volando. Es asombroso. Arabic: لأننا جميعًا نتدرب معًا. ناي: وبالحديث عن التعرف على الطاقم، نحن--أعتقد أنه لم يفت أي منا، تحليق شخص ما بجوار كتفك الأيمن. من كان هذا؟ ويليامز: كان ذلك أكي. وهو بالطبع يمثل وكالة الفضاء اليابانية هنا. أنا وهو ويوري مالينشينكو من وكالة الفضاء الروسية نحلق معًا في سفينة الفضاء الروسية، لكن هناك أيضًا على متن سفينة روسية مختلفة، رائد فضاء يستعد إلى الرجوع للأرض يوم الأحد، هو جو أكابا، وهو أيضًا أمريكي، وروسيان هما غينادي بادلكا وسيرجي ريفن. وبالتالي، هناك مجموعة متنوعة ومتعددة من الأشخاص، وخلال شهر آخر أو نحو ذلك، ستصعد سفينة فضاء روسية أخرى تحمل على متنها أمريكيًا آخر وروسيين. لذا فالوضع نشط هنا حيت تأتي وتذهب سفن الفضاء وأشخاص يجيئون وآخرون يرحلون. هذا معمل. ونحن نعمل هنا، وبالتالي ترى أشخاصًا يتحركون في كل مكان. ناي: لكنهم يتحركون بطرق استثنائية، ساني. أعني أنهم جميعًا يطيرون. وهذا رائع للغاية. German: denn wir trainieren zusammen. Wo wir von der Crew reden: Wir haben alle gerade gesehen, dass jemand vorbeigeflogen ist. Wer war das? Das war Aki. Er repräsentiert die japanische Raumfahrtagentur. Er, ich und Juri Malentschenko aus Russland sind mit der Sojus hergeflogen. Mit einer anderen Sojus-Rakete kamen der Amerikaner Joe Acaba und zwei Russen hierher: Gennadi Padalka und Sergei Rewin. Am Sonntag geht es wieder zurück. Hier sind also verschiedene Leute, und in etwa einem Monat kommen noch ein Amerikaner und zwei Russen. Hier ist also ziemlich viel los, Raumschiffe kommen und gehen, und die Leute kommen und gehen ebenfalls. Dies ist ein Labor. Wir arbeiten hier, deswegen sieht man Leute herumfliegen. Aber sie bewegen sich ganz seltsam. Sie fliegen! Das ist cool. Polish: bo szkolimy się razem. Nye: Skoro mówimy o poznawaniu załogi, chyba wszyscy z nas zauważyli, że ktoś przeleciał nad twoim ramieniem. Kto to był? Williams: To Aki. Oczywiście reprezentuje japońską agencję kosmiczną. On, ja i Jurij Malenczenko z rosyjskiej agencji kosmicznej przylecieliśmy Sojuzem. Są też z nami Amerykanin Joe Acaba oraz dwóch Rosjan, Giennadij Padałka i Siergiej Rewin. Przygotowują się, bo w niedzielę wracają do domu innym Sojuzem. Załogę tworzą rozmaici ludzie, a za około miesiąc, przyleci kolejny Sojuz z Amerykaninem i dwoma Rosjanami. Wiele się tu dzieje, statki przylatują i odlatują, przywożąc i odwożąc astronautów. To laboratorium. Tu pracujemy, więc widać tutaj kręcących się ludzi. Nye: Robią to w nietypowy sposób, Sunny. Wszyscy latają. To fajne. French: parce qu'on s'entraîne tous ensemble. En parlant de connaître l'équipage, je crois qu'on l'a tous vu, quelqu'un est passé en flottant à côté de vous. De qui s'agit-il ? C'était Aki. Il représente l'agence japonaise à bord. Yuri Malenchenko, de l'agence russe, Aki et moi-même, sommes venus à bord du Soyouz. Mais il y a aussi, sur un autre vaisseau Soyouz, quelqu'un qui se prépare à repartir chez lui dimanche, c'est Joe Acaba, un autre Américain, et deux Russes, Gennady Padalka et Sergei Revin. Nous avons donc des gens très différents à bord. Dans un mois, un autre Soyouz arrivera avec un Américain et deux Russes. On est toujours très occupés avec l'arrivée et le départ des vaisseaux et des membres de l'équipage. Nous sommes dans le laboratoire, donc il y a du passage. Et quel passage ! Ils flottent ! Russian: мы все тренируемся вместе. НАЙ. Кстати, об экипаже! Мы заметили – просто не могли не заметить – что у вас кто-то пролетел над правым плечом. Кто это был? УИЛЬЯМС. Это был Аки. Вы, вероятно, знаете, что он представляет здесь Японское космическое агентство. Он, я и Юрий Маленченко из Роскосмоса прилетели сюда на корабле "Союз". Ещё три человека уже были здесь на момент нашего прибытия. Они готовятся лететь домой в воскресенье. Это Джо Акаба, ещё один американец, и двое россиян – Геннадий Падалка и Сергей Ревин. Так что у нас здесь многонациональный коллектив, а через месяц-другой на другом корабле "Союз" должны прилететь ещё два россиянина и американец. Как видите, здесь некогда скучать: корабли прилетают и улетают, люди проплывают мимо. Это лаборатория. Мы здесь работаем, так что время от времени появляются новые коллеги. НАЙ. Да, но они передвигаются несколько необычным способом, Суни! Они же все у вас там летают! Выглядит завораживающе. Korean: 모두 함께 교육을 받으니까요. 승무원들을 알게 되는 것에 대해 말씀하셨는데, 우리, 그러니까 모두 다 보셨을 것 같습니다만 누군가 당신 오른쪽 어깨 너머로 날아갔어요. 누구였습니까? Aki씨였어요. 이곳의 일본 항공 우주국을 대표하죠. Aki씨와 저, 러시아 항공 우주국의 Yuri Malenchenko씨가 소유즈를 타고 왔어요. 그리고 다른 소유즈로 이곳에 왔고 일요일에 집으로 돌아갈 다른 미국인인 Joe Acaba씨가 있고요. 그리고 두 명의 러시아인, Gennady Padalka씨와 Sergei Revin씨가 있습니다. 이렇게 이곳에는 다양한 사람들이 있고 한 달 정도 뒤에 다른 소유즈가 또 다른 미국인과 두 명의 러시아인을 태우고 올라와요. 여기는 우주선이 왔다 갔다하고 사람들이 왔다 갔다하는 꽤 바쁜 곳이에요. 이곳은 실험실입니다. 우리는 여기서 일하고 있고요. 그래서 이리저리 움직이는 사람들을 보게 될 거에요. 그런데요, Sunny씨, 사람들이 기이한 방법으로 움직이는데요. 모두 날아 다녀요. 멋진 걸요. Spanish: porque todos entrenamos juntos. Nye: Por cierto, hablando de conocer a la tripulación, creo que todos hemos visto que ha pasado alguien volando por tu hombro izquierdo. ¿Quién era? Williams: Era Aki. Aki está aquí como representante de la agencia espacial japonesa. Aki, Yuri Malenchenko, de la agencia espacial rusa, y yo volamos en el Soyuz, pero también aquí, en un Soyuz diferente, preparándose para volver a casa el domingo, está Joe Acaba, otro norteamericano, además de dos rusos: Gennady Padalka y Sergei Revin. Así que tenemos un grupo diverso de personas, y aproximadamente en un mes, llegará otro Soyuz con otro norteamericano y dos rusos. Por aquí hay bastante actividad con tanta gente yendo y viniendo, unas personas que llegan y otras que se van. Esto es un laboratorio. Trabajamos aquí, así que es normal ver personas moviéndose de un sitio a otro, Nye: Pero se mueven de formas extraordinarias, Sunny. Lo que quiero decir es que van volando. Es fascinante. Portuguese: já que treinamos todos juntos. Nye: Em relação a conhecer a equipe, acho que todos viram... alguém passou voando por você. Quem era? Williams: Era o Aki. Ele representa a agência espacial japonesa aqui. Ele, eu e Yuti Malenchenko da agência espacial russa viajamos no Soyuz. Quem também está aqui em outro Soyuz, em preparação para voltar no domingo é Joe Acaba, também americano e dois russos, Gennady Padalka e Sergei Revin. Temos uma variedade de pessoas. E no mês que vem outro Soyuz virá com outro americano e dois russos. Está bem movimentado aqui com aeronaves indo e vindo e pessoas chegando e partindo. É um laboratório. Trabalhamos aqui então vocês verão pessoas passando. Nye: Mas eles se movem de forma incrível. Estão todos voando. É muito legal. Czech: protože se školíme všichni společně. Nye: Když už mluvíš o seznamování, tak jsme si nemohli nevšimnout, že kolem tebe před chvíli kdosi proletěl. Kdo to byl? Williamsová: To byl Aki. Zastupuje tady japonskou vesmírnou agenturu. On, já a Jurij Malenčenko z ruské vesmírné agentury jsme přiletěli v jednom Sojuzu a druhým Sojuzem přiletěli Američan Joe Acaba a dva Rusové, Gennadij Padalka a Sergej Revin, kteří se v neděli vrací domů. Takže tu máme různé lidi a za další zhruba měsíc přiletí další Sojuz s dalším Američanem a dvěma Rusy. Je tu dost rušno, vesmírné lodě přilétají a odlétají, posádka se obměňuje. Tohle je laboratoř, tady pracujeme, takže se tu pohybuje hodně lidí. Nye: Ale pohybují se dost nezvyklým způsobem, Sunny. Jen tak si poletují. To je dost dobré. Dutch: omdat we allemaal samen trainen. Nye: Nu je het over de bemanning hebt, ik denk dat niemand het gemist heeft: er vloog iemand over je rechterschouder. Wie was dat? Williams: Dat was Aki. Hij is hier voor de Japanse ruimtevaartorganisatie. Hij en ik en Yuri Malenchenko van de Russische ruimtevaartorganisatie zijn omhoog gegaan in de Sojoez, maar wie hier gekomen zijn met een andere Sojoez, en die zich klaarmaken om zondag naar huis te gaan, zijn Joe Acaba, ook een Amerikaan, en twee Russen, Gennady Padalka en Sergei Revin. We hebben hier allerlei verschillende mensen, en over iets van een maand komt er nog een Sojoez met een Amerikaan en twee Russen. Dus het is best een komen en gaan van ruimtevaartuigen, en mensen heen en weer zweven. Dit is een laboratorium. We werken hier, dus je ziet mensen bewegen. Nye: Maar ze bewegen wel op bijzondere manieren, Sunny. Ik bedoel, ze vliegen allemaal. Dit is cool. English: because we all train together. Nye: Now, speaking of getting to know your crew, we--I think none of us could miss, somebody went flying over your right shoulder. Who was that? Williams: So that was Aki. You know, of course he represents the Japanese space agency here. Him and myself and Yuri Malenchenko from the Russian space agency flew up on the Soyuz, but also who's up here on a different Soyuz, getting ready to go home on Sunday, is Joe Acaba, another American, and then two Russians, Gennady Padalka and Sergei Revin. So we've got an assorted and sundry of people, and in another month or so, another Soyuz will come up with another American and two Russians. So it's pretty busy up here with spacecraft coming and going and people flying in, flying out. This is a laboratory. We're working here, so you're gonna see people moving around. Nye: But they move around in extraordinary ways, Sunny. I mean, they're all flying. This is pretty cool. Chinese: 因為大家都是一起經歷訓練的 來聊聊您的組員吧 我們都很想知道 有人剛剛飛過你的右肩 他是誰 這位是 Aki 他在這裡代表 日本太空總署 我和他，還有俄國太空總署的 Yuri Malenchenko 都是搭乘聯盟號前來 而在另一艘聯盟號上 準備在週日時返家的人 是 Joe Acaba 他也是美國人 還有兩位俄國人 Gennady Padalka 以及 Sergei Revin 我們這裡有各式各樣的人 而在下個月 會有另一艘聯盟號 載著另一位美國人和兩位俄國人前來 這裡十分忙碌 太空船來來去去 人們也飛進飛出 這是實驗室 我們在這裡工作 你們會看見大家走來走去 他們以非常特別的方式走來走去 Sunny 他們全都是用飛的 太酷了 Japanese: その時に知り合いになりました ナイ: 乗組員についてお聞きしたいのですが 先ほど、あなたの右肩の上を 飛んでいった人がいましたが どなたですか？ ウィリアムズ: アキですね JAXAの宇宙飛行士の 星出彰彦さんです 彼と私、そしてユーリ・マレンチェンコが ロシアのソユーズでここに来ました 別のソユーズでここに来て 日曜日に帰還するのは アメリカ人のジョセフ・アカバと、 ロシア人のゲナディ・パダルカ セルゲイ・レビンです いつもいろいろな人種がいて 毎月のように変わっています 今度のソユーズには 別のアメリカ人と2人のロシア人が 乗っています ここでは頻繁に宇宙船が 行ったり来たりして 人々が出入りしています ここは私たちが働く研究室です 皆が動き回っています ナイ: そこで動き回るということは 飛ぶということだよね 面白い iw: כי כולנו מתאמנים ביחד. ניי: אם כבר מדברים על להכיר את הצוות שלך, אני חושב שאף אחד לא הצליח לפספס את המראה של מישהו שעף מעל הכתף הימנית שלך. מי זה היה? וויליאמס: זה היה אקי. כידוע לכם, כמובן, הוא מייצג כאן את סוכנות החלל היפנית. הוא, אני ויורי מלנצ'נקו מסוכנות החלל הרוסית טסנו בסויוז, אבל נמצאים כאן גם, בחללית סויוז נפרדת, ומתכוננים לחזור הביתה ביום ראשון, ג'ו אקאבה, גם הוא אמריקאי ושני רוסים, גנאדי פדאלקה וסרגיי רווין. יש לנו מגוון של אנשים ובעוד בערך חודש חללית 'סויוז' נוספת תמריא עם עוד אמריקאי ושני רוסים. אז די עמוס כאן, עם חלליות שבאות ועוזבות. ואנשים שעפים פנימה והחוצה. זו מעבדה. אנחנו עובדים כאן, אז יש אנשים שעוברים פה. ניי: אבל הם עוברים בדרכים יוצאות דופן, סאני. כלומר, הם כולם עפים. זה די מגניב. Russian: И у нас ещё вопрос из нашей социальной сети. От Дугласа Мартина. "Как выглядит Сириус, когда вы там, ближе к нему?" Сириус – это звезда. Или как выглядит любая другая звезда? УИЛЬЯМС. Интересный вопрос. Дело в том, что мы находимся на высоте 250 миль… Порядка 400 километров над Землей. По сравнению с расстоянием до любой звезды мы находимся очень близко к поверхности Земли, гораздо ближе, чем к другим планетам и звездам. Поэтому по размеру она такая же, как с Земли. Но здесь нет атмосферы, поэтому пространство кристально чистое. Здесь даже темнота за бортом как будто в трехмерном кино. То есть она не выглядит как черное полотно. Она простирается вокруг бесконечно. И звездный свет тоже кристально чистый и яркий. Конечно, можно увидеть, что звезды отличаются по величине, Korean: 이제 소셜 미디어에서 받은 또 다른 질문입니다. Douglas Martin씨의 질문이에요. "시리우스는 어떻게 생겼나요? 당신은 우주에 있고 별에 좀 더 가까이 있잖아요." 시리우스는 별입니다. 그 밖에 다른 별은 실제로 어떻게 생겼습니까? 흥미로운 질문이네요. 우리는 단지 약 250마일.. 그러니까 지구에서 400킬로미터 떨어져 있어요. 상대적으로 생각해보면 지구 표면에서 아주 먼 곳은 아니에요. 다른 행성이나 별들이 얼마나 멀리 있는지 생각하면 말이죠. 그러니까 크기는 지구에서 볼 때와 거의 같아요. 하지만 대기가 없기 때문에 우주가 수정처럼 맑아요. 저 밖에 있는 어둠을 3D로 볼 수 있어요. 검정색 천처럼 보이지 않고 마치 어둠이 계속되는 것 같아요. 마찬가지로 별들도 수정처럼 깨끗해요. 그리고 아주 밝아요. 별들의 크기도 서로 다르게 보여요. Chinese: 社群媒體也要提出一個問題 提問者是 Douglas Martin 「當您前往軌道 接近天狼星時 天狼星看起來怎麼樣？」 天狼星是顆恆星 其他星星看起來又怎麼樣？ 這問題很有趣 我們距離地球只有 250 英里遠 也就是 400 公里 跟其他行星 與恆星的距離相較之下 這裡距離地表 並不是非常遠 因此大小看起來跟地球上差不多 不過因為完全沒有大氣層 所以宇宙看起來晶瑩剔透 在外面 你可以看見黑暗的空間感 不只是一片漆黑而已 而是不斷向外延伸 星星看起來也同樣晶瑩剔透 而且非常明亮 你會發現星星的大小都不同 Spanish: Y tenemos otra pregunta de nuestros medios sociales. Esta es de Douglas Martin. "¿Cómo se ve Sirius desde allá arriba, cuando están más cerca de la estrella?" Sirius es una estrella. ¿O cómo se ve alguna otra estrella, realmente? Williams: Bien, es una pregunta interesante, y, ustedes saben, estamos a solamente 250 millas, es decir 400 kilómetros sobre la tierra, cuando lo pensamos relativamente, no es muy lejos de la superficie de la tierra, cuando pensamos cuán lejos están otros planetas y estrellas. De manera que el tamaño es aproximadamente el mismo que ustedes ven desde la tierra. Sin embargo, sin ninguna atmósfera, el universo es cristalino. Puedes ver realmente la 3D de la oscuridad que hay allí afuera. Quiero decir, no se ve como una hoja negra. Es como si continuara. Del mismo modo, las estrellas son cristalinas y son brillantes, entonces ves tamaños definitivamente diferentes, Polish: Mamy następne pytanie z mediów społecznościowych. Zadał je Douglas Martin. „Jak wygląda Syriusz, gdy jest się tam na górze, bliżej tej gwiazdy?” Syriusz to gwiazda. Jak właściwie wygląda dowolna gwiazda? Williams: To ciekawe pytanie. Jesteśmy zaledwie 250 mil, czyli 400 km nad Ziemią, więc względnie blisko jej powierzchni w porównaniu do tego, jak daleko są inne planety i gwiazdy. Rozmiar jest podobny jak ten widziany z Ziemi. Ale bez atmosfery obraz wszechświata jest krystaliczny. Można dostrzec trzeci wymiar ciemności, która go wypełnia. Nie wygląda jak czarna płachta. Sięga coraz dalej i dalej. Podobnie gwiazdy są wyraźne i jasne. Widać, że mają różne rozmiary, French: Nous avons une question envoyée via les réseaux sociaux. Elle nous vient de Douglas Martin. "À quoi ressemble Sirius lorsqu'on s'en approche de plus près ?" On parle de l'étoile Sirius. À quoi ressemble une étoile ? C'est une question intéressante. Nous ne sommes qu'à 400 km au-dessus de la surface de la Terre. Nous sommes donc relativement proche de la surface de la Terre, par rapport aux autres planètes et aux étoiles. Elle fait donc la même taille que depuis la Terre. Toutefois, sans atmosphère, l'Univers est limpide. On peut réellement voir l'obscurité de l'espace en 3 dimensions. Ce n'est pas plat. Ça continue indéfiniment. De même, les étoiles apparaissent de façon limpide, et elles brillent très fort. On peut voir les différentes tailles des étoiles, Japanese: さて、次の質問は ダグラス・マーチンから 「そこはシリウスに近いですが どのように見えますか？」 シリウスは星ですが 他の星もどのように見えるのですか？ ウィリアムズ: 興味深い質問です 私たちがいるのは地上から250マイル 上空400キロに過ぎません 地球から他の星までの 距離と比べた場合、 それほど地球からは 離れていません 星の大きさは地上から見るのとほぼ同じです ただし、大気がないため、 宇宙は澄み切っていて 宇宙空間の暗闇を 3Dとして見ることができます 単なる黒いシートではありません 宇宙の息吹を感じます 星がとてもはっきり見えて とても明るいので 1つ1つの大きさが違うことがわかります Spanish: Tenemos otra pregunta de nuestras redes sociales. Esta es de Douglas Martin: "¿Cómo se ve Sirius desde ahí arriba estando cerca de la estrella?" Sirius es una estrella. ¿Cómo se ven las estrellas en general? Williams: Es una pregunta interesante. Como sabéis, solo estamos a unos 400 kilómetros de distancia sobre la Tierra, así que, en términos relativos, no estamos muy lejos de la superficie de la Tierra en comparación con la distancia a la que se encuentran otros planetas y otras estrellas. Por tanto, las estrellas se ven más o menos al mismo tamaño que se observa desde la Tierra pero, al no haber atmósfera, el universo es cristalino. Se puede ver realmente la oscuridad en 3D del espacio exterior, es decir, no se ve como una hoja negra, sino como algo que avanza continuamente. Las estrellas también se ven con gran nitidez. Son brillantes y tienen diferentes tamaños: iw: יש לנו שאלה נוספת מהמדיה החברתית שלנו. השאלה הזו היא של דאגלס מרטין. "כיצד נראה סיריוס? כשאתם שם למעלה, קרובים יותר לכוכב?" סיריוס הוא כוכב. או כיצד נראה כל כוכב אחר, לצורך העניין? וויליאמס: זו שאלה מעניינת, אתם יודעים, אנחנו במרחק של 250 מייל בלבד, 400 קילומטרים, מעל כדור הארץ, אז כשחושבים במונחים יחסיים, זה לא מאוד רחוק מפני כדור הארץ מבחינת המרחק מפלנטות וכוכבים אחרים. כך שהגודל נראה בערך אותו דבר כמו מכדור הארץ. עם זאת, ללא האטמוספירה, היקום בהיר וצלול לגמרי. ניתן לראות את התלת ממד של החשיכה שיש שם. היא לא נראית כמו יריעה שחורה נראה שהיא פשוט נמשכת עוד ועוד. באופן דומה, הכוכבים ברורים לגמרי, וזוהרים, וניתן לראות בבירור גדלים שונים, Czech: Další otázka pochází ze sociálních sítí. Je od Douglase Martina. „Jak vypadá Sirius, když jste tam nahoře, o něco blíže?“ Sirius je hvězda. Jak vlastně vypadá jakákoli hvězda? Williamsová: To je zajímavá otázka. Jsme vlastně jen 250 mil, 400 kilometrů, nad Zemí, takže když si to představíte, tak nejsme od zemského povrchu k ostatním planetám a hvězdám o moc blíž. Velikostí jsou stejné, jako když se díváte ze Země. Ale vesmír mimo atmosféru je průzračně čistý. Jasně vidíte texturu té temnoty, která je všude kolem. Nevypadá to jako černý kus papíru. Stále to někam pokračuje. I hvězdy jsou naprosto jasné a jasně svítí, takže vidíte hvězdy různých velikostí, Portuguese: Temos outra pergunta de nossa mídia social. É de Douglas Martin. "Que aparência tem a Sírius quando você está aí, perto da estrela?" A estrela Sírius. E que aparência têm as estrelas, em geral? Williams: É uma pergunta interessante. Estamos a apenas 250 milhas, 400 quilômetros acima da Terra. Pensando assim, não estamos tão longe da superfície da Terra, se considerarmos a distância de outros planetas e estrelas. O tamanho é o mesmo do visto na Terra. Mas sem a atmosfera, o Universo é mais claro. Podemos ver a versão 3D da escuridão que tem aqui. Não é como um lençol negro. É como uma vastidão contínua. As estrelas também são mais claras e mais brilhantes, e vemos tamanhos diferentes de estrelas Arabic: إذن لدينا سؤال آخر من الشبكات الاجتماعية. وهو من دوغلاس مارتن. "كيف يبدو نجم الشعري اليمانية أثناء وجودك في الفضاء، عندما تكونين بالقرب من هذا النجم؟" الشعري اليمانية هو نجم. أو كيف يبدو أي نجم آخر، في الواقع؟ ويليامز: هذا سؤال شيق، نحن نبعد بحوالي 250 ميلاً-- أي 400 كيلو متر-- فوق الأرض، لذا عندما تفكر في الأمر بشكل نسبي، فإن المسافة ليست بعيدة للغاية عن سطح الأرض، وكذلك المسافة التي تفصلنا عن الكواكب والنجوم الأخرى. لذا فإن الحجم هو نفسه تقريبًا الذي نراه من الأرض. إلا أنه بدون الغلاف الجوي، فإن الكون واضح للغاية. فيمكن حقًا رؤية الأبعاد الثلاثية للظلام المنتشر بالفضاء. أعني أنه لا يبدو وكأنه صفحة سوداء. بل إنه يبدو وكأنه مستمر إلى ما لانهاية. وبالمثل، فإن النجوم واضحة للغاية وساطعة، ويمكن أن ترى أحجامًا مختلفة من Italian: Abbiamo un'altra domanda dai nostri social media. Questa è di Douglas Martin. "Che aspetto ha Sirio quando siete lassù e siete più vicini alla stella?" Sirio è una stella. O che aspetto ha qualsiasi altra stella, in realtà? Williams: Dunque, è una domanda interessante e, come sapete, siamo solo a 250 miglia (400 chilometri) dalla Terra, quindi se ci pensate in senso relativo, non siamo molto distanti dalla superficie terrestre, se pensate quanto sono distanti gli altri pianeti e le stelle. Quindi le dimensioni sono all'incirca le stesse osservate dalla Terra. Tuttavia, senza atmosfera, l'universo è nitidissimo. Riesci a vedere la tridimensionalità dell'oscurità che c'è là fuori. Cioè, non appare come un foglio nero. È come se proseguisse ancora e ancora. Allo stesso modo, le stelle sono nitidissime e sono brillanti, così riesci sicuramente a scorgere dimensioni differenti, Dutch: We hebben nog een vraag gekregen via onze sociale media. Deze komt van Douglas Martin. 'Hoe ziet Sirius eruit wanneer je daar boven bent, wanneer je dichter bij de ster bent?' Sirius is een ster. Of hoe ziet elke andere ster er daar uit? Williams: Dat is een interessante vraag, en we zijn maar 250 mijl, 400 kilometer boven de aarde, dus als je het relatief bekijkt, is dat niet erg ver van het aardoppervlak, wanneer je bedenkt hoe ver andere planeten en sterren staan. De grootte is dus ongeveer hetzelfde als wat je op aarde ziet. Maar zonder atmosfeer is het universum kristalhelder. Je ziet echt het driedimensionale van het donker daarbuiten. Het ziet er niet uit als een zwart vlak. Het lijkt eeuwig door te gaan. De sterren zijn ook kristalhelder en ze stralen fel, zodat je verschillende formaten kunt zien, English: So we have another question from our social media. This is from Douglas Martin. "What does Sirius look like when you're up there, when you're closer to the star?" Sirius is a star. Or what does any other star look like, really? Williams: So it's an interesting question, and, you know, we're only about, you know, 250 miles-- you know, 400 kilometers-- above the earth, so when you're thinking relatively, that's not very far from the surface of the earth, when you're thinking about how far other planets are and stars are. So size is about the same as you would see from Earth. However, without any atmosphere, the universe is crystal clear. You can really see the 3D of the darkness that's going out there. I mean, it doesn't look like a black sheet. It's like it just goes on and on. Likewise, stars are crystal clear and they're bright, and so you see definitely different sizes, German: Die nächste Frage kommt über ein soziales Netzwerk. Sie stammt von Douglas Martin. "Wie sieht Sirius von da oben aus, wenn man näher am Stern ist?" Sirius ist ein Stern. Oder wie sehen die anderen Sterne aus? Auch das ist eine interessante Frage. Wir sind ja nur knapp 400 km über der Erde, also relativ gesehen nicht allzu weit von der Erdoberfläche entfernt. Überlegt mal, wie weit die anderen Planeten und Sterne entfernt sind. Sie sehen also etwa gleich groß aus wie auf der Erde. Allerdings gibt es hier keine Atmosphäre, alles ist kristallklar. Man sieht die drei Dimensionen der Dunkelheit da draußen. Es sieht nicht wie schwarzes Papier aus, sondern geht immer weiter und weiter. Außerdem sind die Sterne kristallklar und sehr hell. Man erkennt verschiedene Größen, Russian: как и на Земле. Одни из них меньше, другие – больше. Но все они очень ясные и чистые, а ночью все небо усеяно многими миллионами звезд. Как бы вам сказать… Так бывает в ясную погоду, в таких местах, где не мешает свет большого города. Красивое зрелище. НАЙ. Очень интересно! Итак, ребята, у вас есть ещё вопросы? Пока она здесь. Или там. МА. Да. МУХАММЕД. У меня есть вопрос. Сколько раз в сутки вы видите восход солнца? За 24 часа… УИЛЬЯМС. За сутки мы облетаем вокруг Земли 16 раз, то есть мы видим 16 восходов и закатов. Здесь, в лаборатории под нами есть иллюминатор, через который можно сделать очень красивые фотографии. Мы накрываем его темным покрывалом, чтобы не засвечивать снимки. "Купол" МКС находится как раз за углом, и там же расположен спортзал. Иногда во время тренировки можно видеть восход или закат прямо над головой. Но хочу вам сказать, что вся мощь Солнца особенно хорошо Czech: stejně jako na Zemi, některé jsou menší, některé větší. Ale září naprosto jasně, je to jako v noci, když vidíte miliony hvězd. Jako když... ...když jste na místě, kde není světelné znečištění a je úplně jasná obloha. Je to nádherné. Nye: Paráda. Máte nějaké další otázky? Mohamed: Já bych... Nye: Máte ji přímo tady. Nebo přímo tam. Ma: Ano. Mohamed: Já bych měl otázku. Kolik východů slunce za den vidíte? Za 24 hodin... Williamsová: Za 24 hodin obletíme Zemi 16krát, takže vidíme 16 východů a západů slunce. Tady v laboratoři máme přímo pode mnou okno, ale používáme ho k focení, takže je zakryté černým poklopem, aby snímky vyšly co nejlépe. Hned za rohem je kupole a někdy je vidět přímo z tělocvičny, takže když cvičíte a posilujete, vidíte slunce přímo nad sebou. Ale největší rozdíl zaznamenáte, Polish: tak jak z Ziemi. Niektóre są mniejsze, inne większe. Obraz jest krystalicznie czysty, a w nocy na niebie są całe miliony gwiazd. To jest... jak miejsce bez żadnych świateł w pobliżu, przy zupełnie bezchmurnym niebie. To jest piękne. Nye: Wspaniale. Moi drodzy... czy macie jakieś inne pytania? Mohamed: Ja. Nye: Patrz tutaj. Albo tutaj. Ma: Tak. Mohamed: Ja mam pytanie. Ile wschodów słońca widzisz w ciągu dnia? W ciągu 24 godzin. Williams: W 24 godziny okrążamy Ziemię 16 razy, wiec widzimy 16 wschodów i zachodów. W tym laboratorium, mamy pod stopami okno, ale teraz robimy trochę ciekawych zdjęć, więc zakryliśmy je czarną osłoną, tak by zdjęcia wyszły naprawdę ładnie. Za rogiem jest kopuła, a czasami bezpośrednio w siłowni, podczas ćwiczeń na siłę i wytrzymałość, widzimy wschody i zachody prosto nad głową. Jednak dopiero na spacerze kosmicznym Japanese: 地上から星を見ても 小さい星や大きい星がありますが それらがハッキリと見えるのです 夜になると 数百万もの星が見えて 夜空を邪魔する光もない場所で 澄み切った星空を見ると 本当にきれいです ナイ: そうですか みんな 他に質問はない？ モハマド: えーと ナイ: 彼女がここにいるんだし あそこだね サラ: ええ モハマド: 質問です 1日に何回、日の出を見ますか？ 24時間に ウィリアムズ: 私たちは24時間で 地球を16周します だから16回、日の出と日の入りを見ます 研修室の下には窓があって とても素敵な写真が撮れます 写真がきれいに撮れるように 黒いカバーを掛けます あそこの角にドームがあって 運動する場所にもなっているので トレーニングをしている間に 日の出や日の入りが見られます 宇宙遊泳をしているときは Dutch: net als op aarde: sommige sterren zijn kleiner en andere groter. Maar ze zijn hier kristalhelder, en 's nachts zie je echt miljoenen en miljoenen sterren. Het is... Alsof je op een plaats bent waar geen lichtvervuiling is en het een kristalheldere dag is. Het is prachtig. Nye: Dat is cool. Dus, jongens, hebben jullie verder nog vragen? Mohamed: Ik... Nye: Ze is daar. Of eigenlijk daar. Ma: Ja. Mohamed: Ik heb een vraag. Hoeveel zonsopgangen zie je per dag? In 24 uur... Williams: In 24 uur gaan we 16 keer rond de aarde, dus je ziet 16 zonsopkomsten en zonsondergangen. Hier in het laboratorium hebben we een raam onder ons, maar we kunnen daar mooi foto's maken, dus hebben we het afgedekt met een zwart dekkleed zodat de foto's mooi worden. Om de hoek hebben we de koepel, en soms is het precies waar de fitnessruimte is, dus wanneer je gewichtheft en sport, zie je de zonsopkomst en zonsondergang precies boven je. Maar als we op een ruimtewandeling zijn, Italian: proprio come riesci sulla Terra con le stelle: alcune sono più piccole e altre sono più grandi. Però sono nitidissime e di notte si vedono milioni e milioni di stelle. Sapete, è come essere... in un posto dove non c'è inquinamento luminoso, ed è una giornata limpida. È splendido. Nye: Fantastico. Allora, ragazzi... avete altre domande? Mohamed: Io... Nye: Lei è qui per voi. O là. Ma: Già. Mohamed: Ho una domanda. Quante albe vedete in un giorno? In 24 ore... Williams: In 24 ore giriamo intorno alla Terra 16 volte, quindi vediamo 16 albe e tramonti. Qui in laboratorio abbiamo un oblò sotto di noi, ma lo stiamo usando per scattare delle foto davvero belle, quindi l'abbiamo coperto con un telo nero in modo che le foto vengano bene. La cupola è dietro l'angolo, e si può... a volte è proprio dove sta la palestra, e così quando fai sollevamento pesi e altri esercizi puoi vedere il sole il sorgere e tramontare proprio sopra di te. Ma per la verità è durante le passeggiate nello spazio Arabic: النجوم، تمامًا كما تراها وأنت على الأرض، فبعض منها صغير والبعض الآخر كبير. لكنها واضحة تمامًا، وفي الليل يظهر ملايين وملايين. من النجوم. وكأنك في مكان ليس به أي تلوث ضوئي، فتستمتع بيوم صافٍ ورائع. إنه مشهد جميل. ناي: هذا رائع جدًا. إذن، أيها الشباب... هل لديكم أي أسئلة أخرى؟ محمد: أنا-- ناي: ها هي أمامكم هنا. أو هناك. ما: نعم. محمد: أنا لدي سؤال. كم عدد مرات شروق الشمس التي ترينها في اليوم؟ خلال 24 ساعة... ويليامز: خلال 24 ساعة، ندور حول الأرض 16 مرة، لذا نرى 16 شروقًا وغروبًا للشمس. هنا في المعمل، هناك نافذة أسفلنا، لكن يتم التقاط بعض الصور الجميلة حقًا، لذا وضعنا عليها غطاءً أسود اللون حتى تكون الصور جيدة جدًا. وتقع القبة بالجوار، ويمكن--أحيانًا أن تكون في مكان صالة الألعاب الرياضية، وبالتالي عندما ترفع أوزانًا أو تمارس الرياضة، يمكن أن ترى شروق وغروب الشمس فوقك تمامًا. لكن دعني أخبرك أنه عندما تسير في الفضاء، Korean: 지구에서 볼 때처럼 어떤 별은 작고 어떤 별은 커요. 하지만 정말 또렷하게 보이죠. 그리고 밤에는 수많은 별들이 있어요. 빛 공해가 없는 곳에서 티없이 맑은 날에 보는 것처럼요. 아름다운 광경이죠. 멋지군요. 그러면, 여러분 다른 질문이 있습니까? Amr: 저는... Nye: 여기 계실 때 질문하세요. Nye: 아니면 저기인가요. Sara: 네. 질문이 있어요. 하루에 일출을 몇 번이나 보나요? 24시간 동안에요. 우리는 24시간 동안 지구 주위를 16번 돌아요. 그러니까 16번의 일출과 일몰을 보게되요. 이곳 실험실에는 아래에 창문이 있어요. 하지만 정말 멋진 사진을 찍고 있어서 검정색 커버로 덮어두었어요. 그러니까 사진은 정말 잘 나올거에요. 모퉁이에 둥근 지붕이 있어요. 바로 체육관이 있는 곳이죠. 그래서 운동을 하면서 바로 위에서 일출과 일몰을 볼 수 있어요. 우주 산책을 할 때는 English: just like you do on Earth, of stars, that some are smaller and some are bigger. But they are just crystal clear, and at night, it's --you know, it's like millions and millions of stars. You know, it's... In some place you've been where there's no light pollution, and it's just a crystal clear day. It's beautiful. Nye: That's just cool. So, you guys... do you have any other questions? Mohamed: I-- Nye: You've got her right here. Or right there. Ma: Yeah. Mohamed: I have a question. How many sunrises do you see in a day? In a 24 hour... Williams: So in 24 hours, we go around the earth 16 times, so you'll see 16 sunrises and sunsets. Here in the laboratory, we've got a window below us, but it's taking some really nice pictures, and so we have it covered up with a black cover so the pictures will come out real well. The cupola is around the corner, and you can--sometimes it's right where the gym is, and so when you're lifting and working out, you can see the sunrise and sunset right above you. But I'll tell you, when we're on a space walk, Spanish: igual que pasa en la Tierra, se pueden observar estrellas más grandes y más pequeñas. Pero se ven con una gran nitidez y, por la noche, es como si hubiera millones y millones de estrellas, es realmente... Es como un lugar sin ningún tipo de contaminación lumínica, como un día con una atmósfera impoluta. Es maravilloso. Nye: Es magnífico. Bueno, chicos, ¿tenéis alguna otra pregunta? Mohamed: Yo... Nye: Aquí tienes a Sunita. Bueno, o "allí"... Ma: Sí. Mohamed: Tengo una pregunta. ¿Cuántos amaneceres se ven en un día? En 24 horas... Williams: En 24 horas, damos 16 vueltas a la Tierra, así que vemos 16 amaneceres y 16 puestas de sol. Aquí en el laboratorio, tenemos una ventana debajo de nosotros que hace unas fotos muy bonitas. Está tapada con una cubierta negra para que las fotos salgan bien. La cúpula está a la vuelta de la esquina y se puede... A veces, está justo donde se encuentra el gimnasio, así que, mientras haces ejercicio, puedes ver el amanecer y el ocaso justo sobre tu cabeza. Pero la verdad es que durante un paseo espacial, iw: של כוכבים, כפי שרואים מכדור הארץ, חלקם קטנים יותר וחלקם גדולים יותר, אבל הם באמת ברורים לגמרי, ובלילה, יש מיליונים על גבי מיליונים של כוכבים. זה.. זה כמו להיות במקום שאין בו זיהום אור ביום בהיר כשמש. זה יפהפה. ניי: זה מגניב. אז, חברים... האם יש לכם שאלות נוספות? מוחמד: אני... ניי: היא נמצאת ממש כאן. או ממש שם. מא: כן. מוחמד: לי יש שאלה. כמה זריחות את רואה ביום? ב-24 שעות? ב-24 שעות אנחנו מקיפים את כדור הארץ 16 פעמים, אז אנחנו רואים 16 זריחות ושקיעות. כאן במעבדה, יש חלון מתחתינו, אבל הוא מצלם תמונות ממש יפות אז אנחנו מכסים אותו בכיסוי שחור, כדי שהתמונות ייצאו באיכות טובה מאוד. הכיפה נמצאת מסביב לפינה, לפעמים ממש ליד חדר הכושר, אז כאשר מרימים משקולות ומתאמנים, אפשר לראות את הזריחה והשקיעה ישר מעליך. אבל רק כאשר אנחנו מבצעים הליכת חלל, Spanish: al igual que ustedes en la tierra, de las estrellas, algunas son más pequeñas, y otras más grandes. Pero son realmente cristalinas, y por la noche, se ven millones y millones de estrellas. Es... Como algún lugar donde hayan estado que no tenga contaminación lumínica, y es simplemente un día cristalino. Es hermoso. Nye: Qué magnífico. Bien, chicos... ¿tienen alguna otra pregunta? Mohamed: Yo... Nye: La tienes aquí mismo. O allá mismo. Ma: Sí. Mohamed: Tengo una pregunta. ¿Cuántos amaneceres ves en un día? En un día de 24 horas... Williams: Bueno, en 24 horas, damos 16 vueltas a la tierra, así que como puedes imaginarlo, 16 amaneceres y 16 ocasos. Aquí en el laboratorio, tenemos una ventana debajo de nosotros, pero está tomando algunas fotos realmente muy lindas, y está tapada con una cubierta negra así que las fotos saldrán muy bien. La cúpula está a la vuelta de la esquina, y puedes, a veces está justo donde está el gimnasio, y entonces, cuando estás ejercitándote, puedes ver el amanecer y el ocaso justo arriba tuyo. Pero te cuento, cuando estamos en una caminata espacial Chinese: 就像在地球上看起來一樣 有些比較小 有些比較大 但是都一樣晶瑩剔透 到了晚上... 滿天都是上千萬顆的繁星 這裡完全沒有光害 就像是晶瑩剔透的白晝一樣 非常美 太酷了 各位... 還有其他的問題嗎？ - 我... - 你可以讓他先問 - 或是你先問 - 好耶 我有個問題 你在一天 24 小時中 會看見幾次日出？ 我們在 24 小時內 會繞行地球 16 次 所以我們會看見 16 次日出日落 在研究室裡 我們的下方本來有一扇觀景窗 可以拍出很漂亮的照片 所以我們用黑幕罩著 才能洗出很漂亮的照片 穹頂艙環繞著角落 有時當我們在健身的時候 還有在搬運或工作的時候 都能看見頭頂上的日出和日落 但我跟你說 當我們進行太空漫步時 Portuguese: assim como na Terra. Algumas são maiores, outras são menores. Mas são mais claras e, à noite, são milhões e milhões de estrelas Como em um lugar sem poluição e com um dia de céu limpo. É lindo. Nye: Impressionante. Pessoal... vocês têm outros comentários? Mohamed: Eu... Nye: Ela está bem aqui. Ou lá. Ma: Sim. Mohamed: Tenho uma pergunta. Quantas vezes você vê o sol nascer em um dia? Em 24 horas... Williams: A cada 24 horas, damos a volta ao mundo 16 vezes. O sol nasce e se põe 16 vezes. Temos uma janela aqui no laboratório, mas estamos tirando algumas fotos, por isso cobrimos com uma toalha para não estragar as fotos. A cúpula é ali do lado, e quando estamos na academia, quando estamos nos exercitando, podemos ver o sol nascer acima de nós. Mas quando estamos lá fora French: tout comme sur Terre. Certaines sont plus grandes que d'autres. Elles apparaissent très clairement, et la nuit, vous voyez des millions et des millions d'étoiles. C'est comme quand vous observez les étoiles depuis un endroit sans pollution lumineuse. C'est magnifique. Effectivement. Avez-vous d'autres questions ? – Oui. – Nous avons une question ici. Oui ! J'ai une question. À combien de levers du soleil assistez-vous par jour ? En 24 h… Eh bien, en 24 h, nous faisons 16 fois le tour de la Terre, donc nous assistons à 16 levers et couchers du soleil. Ici, dans le labo, nous avons un hublot ici, mais parce qu'il prend des photos, nous devons le recouvrir d'une couverture opaque pour une meilleure qualité. Le dôme est juste ici, où se trouve la salle de gym, donc, quand on fait de l'exercice, on peut voir le lever ou le coucher du soleil juste au-dessus de nous. Mais c'est pendant les marches dans l'espace German: so ähnlich wie auf der Erde: Einige sind kleiner, andere größer. Aber alle sind extrem deutlich, und nachts sind es Millionen und Abermillionen Sterne. Wie an Orten, wo es keine Lichtverschmutzung gibt, in einer klaren und hellen Nacht. Es ist so schön. Das ist cool. Also, Leute, habt ihr weitere Fragen? Jetzt ist sie hier bei uns. Oder besser: dort oben. Ich habe eine Frage. Wie viele Sonnenaufgänge sehen Sie am Tag? In 24 Stunden, meine ich. In 24 Stunden umrunden wir die Erde 16 Mal. Man sieht also 16 Sonnenaufgänge und -untergänge. Hier im Labor ist unter uns ein Fenster, von wo aus man tolle Bilder machen kann. Wir haben es schwarz abgedeckt, damit wir richtig gute Fotos machen können. Die Kuppel ist gleich hier vorne neben dem Turnraum. Wenn man da Gymnastik macht, kann man manchmal Sonnenaufgang und -untergang direkt über sich sehen. Aber erst beim Weltraumspaziergang Polish: zauważa się dużą różnicę. Sama zmiana temperatur między czasem, gdy jest słońce, a tym, gdy jest ciemno, jest niewiarygodna. Jeszcze zanim słońce zaświeci, czuć, jak wokół ciała robi się coraz cieplej. To imponujące, jak w kosmicznej próżni wszystko szybko nagrzewa się i stygnie oraz jak mocno działa słońce. Nye: To fantastyczne. Przypominam, że to nie magia. To nauka. Ciekawa sprawa, Sunny. Bardzo dziękujemy. Obawiam się, że zaraz stracimy łączność. Nasze satelity zgubią sygnał. Chcesz na koniec powiedzieć coś zwycięzcom? Dorothy, Sarze i Amrowi. Bardzo dziękujemy. Williams: Oczywiście wam gratuluję. Wasze eksperymenty są naprawdę świetne. Wiem, że w konkursie, czy raczej w poszukiwaniach przyszłych naukowców, brało udział wielu zdolnych ludzi, więc dziękuję wszystkim uczestnikom. Spanish: se aprecia bastante la diferencia. Hay un impresionante cambio de calor a frío entre el momento en que el sol está arriba y el momento en que se oculta. Antes incluso de que el sol empiece a brillar, puedes sentir cómo se empieza a generar calor. Es impresionante percibir el vacío del espacio, la enorme cantidad de frío y de calor que fluye y cómo cambia las cosas el sol. Nye: Es fantástico. Y no olvidemos una cosa: no es magia, ¡es ciencia! Es genial, Sunny. Muchas gracias. Me temo que estamos a punto de perder la conexión. Nuestros satélites van a perder el contacto. ¿Hay alguna última cosa que quieras decirles a los ganadores? ¿A Dorothy, Sara y Amr? Muchas gracias. Williams: Sí, por supuesto. Enhorabuena, chicos. Vuestros experimentos nos han parecido formidables. Y gracias a todos los que han participado con sus fantásticos experimentos en este concurso o, más bien, en esta reunión de mentes científicas del futuro. Gracias a todos los participantes Japanese: 昼と夜の違いを体感できます 太陽が上にあるときと 地球に隠れているときの 温度差は信じられないほどです 太陽を目の前にすると 熱を受けて体が温まるのがわかります 宇宙は真空なのに 熱がこれほど伝わってきて、太陽が 多くの影響を与えるのは印象的です ナイ: 面白い 改めて言うけどこれは魔法じゃなくて 科学だからね！ サニー ありがとう そろそろお別れです 衛星との通信が切れそう 最後に優勝者たちに ひと言お願いできますか？ ドロシー、サラ、モハメドに ウィリアムズ: 本当におめでとうございます あなた方の実験は 興味深かった このコンテストには他にも 多くの人が参加して 未来の科学者が集まったと思います 参加してくれたことに感謝します Chinese: 才能真正感受到差異 光是日照時段 和全然漆黑時 冷熱的感受就令人難以置信 太陽還沒照到你之前 你就能感受到熱能開始在身體四周產生 很驚人 太空的真空 冷與熱之間的差異這麼大 - 太陽改變事物的程度也這麼大 - 真是太神奇了 容我提醒各位 這可不是魔法 是科學！ 那真是太酷了，Sunny 非常感謝您 我擔心訊號可能要中斷了 我們的衛星即將失去與您的連線 您對優勝者還有什麼建言嗎？ 告訴 Dorothy、Sara 和 Amr 吧 非常感謝您 當然 恭喜你們各位 你們的實驗在這裡非常出色 我知道這場比賽當中 還有上千位傑出的參賽者 你們是一群未來的科學天才 謝謝參與競賽的每個人 Dutch: kun je echt het verschil merken. Het opwarmen en afkoelen tussen het moment dat de zon opkomt en wanneer het donker wordt, is ongelooflijk. Nog voordat de zon je beschijnt, kun je voelen hoe het warmer wordt rond je lichaam. Het is echt indrukwekkend, het vacuüm van de ruimte, hoeveel opwarming en afkoeling daar plaatsvindt en in welke mate de zon dingen verandert. Nye: Dat is fantastisch. En bedenk dat het geen toverij is. Het is wetenschap! Dat is cool, Sunny. Heel erg bedankt. Ik ben bang dat we de verbinding kwijtraken. Onze satellieten gaan het contact verliezen. Heb je nog een paar laatste woorden voor de winnaars? Voor Dorothy, Sara en Amr. Heel erg bedankt. Williams: Gefeliciteerd, natuurlijk. Jullie experimenten hebben het hier geweldig gedaan. Ik weet dat er duizenden deelnemers met prachtige experimenten waren in deze wedstrijd, of eigenlijk een samenkomst van de wetenschappelijke denkers van de toekomst, dus ik wil iedereen bedanken die heeft meegedaan. Italian: che si può capire davvero la differenza. Il riscaldamento e il raffreddamento tra il momento in cui il sole è alto e il momento in cui diventa buio sono incredibili. Persino prima che il sole inizi a illuminarti, puoi sentire il calore che inizia a generarsi intorno al tuo corpo. Quindi è impressionante, il vuoto dello spazio, quanto riscaldamento e raffreddamento avvengono là fuori e quanto cambi le cose il sole. Nye: È fantastico. E vi ricordo che non è magia. È scienza! È fortissimo, Sunny. Grazie mille. Temo che stiamo per perderti. I nostri satelliti stanno per perdere il collegamento con voi. Hai qualche ultima parola per i vincitori? Per Dorothy, Sara e Amr. Grazie mille. Williams: Beh, ovviamente congratulazioni ragazzi. I vostri esperimenti sono andati a meraviglia qui. So che c'erano migliaia di altri partecipanti meravigliosi in questo concorso, o credo che fosse più un gruppo di scienziati del futuro, quindi grazie a tutti per aver partecipato. iw: אפשר באמת לראות את ההבדל. רק ההבדלים בחום ובקור בין השעות שבהן השמש זורחת ושעות החשיכה הם מדהימים. לפני שהשמש מתחילה לזרוח עליך, אפשר להרגיש את הפקת החום מסביב לגופך. כך שזה מרשים, הריק של היקום, כמות החימום והקירור שמתבצעים שם, וכמה השמש משנה דברים. ניי: זה פנטסטי. ואני מזכיר לכם, שזה לא קסם. זה מדע! זה די מגניב, סאני. תודה רבה לך. אני חושש שאנחנו עומדים לאבד אותך. הלוויינים שלנו עומדים לאבד מגע איתך. אבל יש לך מילות סיכום למנצחים? לדורותי, שרה ועאמר? תודה רבה לך. וויליאמס: כמובן, מזל טוב, הניסויים שלכם היו נהדרים. אני יודעת שהיו אלפי משתתפים מצוינים נוספים בתחרות הזו, שאני רואה אותה יותר בתור כינוס של המוחות המדעיים של העתיד. אז תודה רבה לכל מי שהשתתף. German: kann man den Unterschied richtig spüren. Der Unterschied zwischen der Wärme im Sonnenschein und der Kälte bei Dunkelheit ist unglaublich. Schon bevor die Sonnenstrahlen auf dich fallen, spürt man die Wärme um den Körper herum. Es ist beeindruckend, wie warm und kalt es im luftleeren Raum werden kann und was die Sonne ausmacht. Das ist fantastisch. Und das ist keine Zauberei. Es ist Wissenschaft. Das ist super, Sunny. Vielen Dank. Ich glaube, wir sind schon am Ende angekommen. Der Kontakt zu unserem Satelliten geht verloren. Ein paar Schlussworte an die Gewinner? Für Dorothy, Sara und Amr. Vielen, vielen Dank. Klar, noch einmal Gratulation an euch. Eure Experimente hier oben waren toll. Bei diesem Wettbewerb haben Tausende weitere tolle Teilnehmer mitgemacht. Ein Treffen der klugen Köpfe unserer Zukunft. Also vielen Dank allen, die mitgemacht haben. Arabic: يمكنك أن تشعر بالفرق. فالشعور بالحرارة والبرودة من وقت طلوع الشمس ووقت حلول الظلام لا يصدقه عقل. فقبل أن تبدأ الشمس في السطوع، يمكنك أن تشعر بالحرارة تتولد حول جسدك. لذا، فإن فراغ الفضاء، وتكرار الشعور بالحرارة والبرودة الذي يسري بالفضاء والتغيرات التي تحدثها الشمس في الأشياء. ناي: هذا مدهش. وأذكركم، إن ذلك ليس سحرًا. إنه علم. هذا أمر رائع للغاية، ساني. شكرًا جزيلاً لكِ. للأسف نحن على وشك أن نترككِ. ستفقد أقمارنا الصناعية الاتصال بكِ. لكن هل لديك ما تريدين قوله للفائزين؟ دورثي وسارة وعمرو. شكرًا جزيلاً لكِ. ويليامز: بالطبع، أريد أن أهنئكم أيها الشباب. كان إجراء تجاربكم هنا رائعًا. أعلم أنه كان هناك مشاركون رائعون آخرون في هذه المسابقة، أو بالأحرى كما أعتقد، في هذا التجمع للعقول العلمية ذات المستقبل الباهر لذا أشكر جميع من شارك. Portuguese: é que podemos sentir a diferença. O aquecimento e resfriamento de quando o sol aparece e quando está escuro é inacreditável. Antes de o sol brilhar já é possível sentir o calor que é gerado sobre nós. É impressionante, o vácuo do espaço a quantidade de calor que é gerada e como o sol modifica tudo. Nye: Fantástico. E devemos lembrar, não é mágica, é ciência! Muito bom, Sunny. Muito obrigado. Parece que perderemos o sinal. Nossos satélites perderão contato. Algum comentário final para os vencedores? Para Dorothy, Sara e Amr. Obrigado novamente. Williams: Bem, parabéns a vocês. Seus experimentos são incríveis. Sei que tivemos outros milhares de participantes no concurso, ou devo dizer, uma reunião de futuros cientistas. Obrigado a todos que participaram. Russian: чувствуется, когда выходишь в открытый космос. Разница в температуре, когда солнце заходит или выходит, просто невероятна! Ещё до того, как его лучи попали на тебя, ты начинаешь чувствовать жар вокруг всего тела в скафандре. Незабываемое ощущение: ты находишься в космическом вакууме, ощущаешь эти перепады температуры и понимаешь, насколько Солнце может изменить все вокруг. НАЙ. Фантастика! И заметьте: это не волшебство. Это наука! Замечательно, Суни. Большое вам спасибо! Боюсь, у нас сейчас прервется связь. Наши спутники выходят из зоны контакта с МКС. Может, у вас есть заключительные слова для победителей? Для Дороти, Сары и Амира? Спасибо, что были с нами. УИЛЬЯМС. Да, конечно. Поздравляю вас, ребята! Вы подготовили замечательные эксперименты. Я знаю, что в конкурсе принимали участие тысячи достойных претендентов. Это даже не конкурс, по-моему, а собрание ученых умов нашего будущего. Я хочу поблагодарить всех конкурсантов. French: que l'on peut vraiment voir la différence. La différence de température entre le lever du soleil et son coucher est tout bonnement incroyable. Avant même que les rayons du soleil vous atteignent, vous sentez la chaleur autour de vous. C'est très impressionnant. Les différences de température… C'est fantastique ! Et n'oubliez pas, ce n'est pas de la magie. C'est scientifique ! – Super, merci Sunny. Merci infiniment. Malheureusement, nous allons devoir vous quitter. Nos satellites vont interrompre la communication. Avez-vous un dernier mot à adresser à nos gagnants ? Pour Dorothy, Sara et Amr… Encore toutes mes félicitations. Vos projets étaient extrêmement intéressants. Je sais qu'il y a eu des milliers d'autres participants. Je vois ça plutôt comme un rassemblement des esprits scientifiques de l'avenir. Je remercie tous les participants. Spanish: podemos realmente notar la diferencia. Tan solo el calor y el frío del momento en que el sol está arriba y el momento en que está oscuro es increíble. Incluso antes de que los rayos del sol te alumbren, puedes sentir que el calor comienza a generarse en tu cuerpo. Así que es impresionante, el vacío del espacio, cuánto calor y frío hay allí afuera y cuánto el sol cambia las cosas. Nye: Eso es fantástico. Y les recuerdo, no es magia. ¡Es ciencia! Es genial, Sunny. Muchísimas gracias. Me temo que estamos a punto de perderte. Nuestros satélites perderán el contacto. Pero, ¿tienes algunas palabras finales para los ganadores? Para Dorothy, Sara y Amr. Muchas gracias. Williams: Bueno, por supuesto, felicitaciones chicos. Sus experimentos fueron impresionantes acá arriba. Sé que había miles de otros participantes maravillosos en este concurso, o esta, más bien pienso en una reunión de mentes científicas de nuestro futuro, así que gracias a todos los que participaron. Korean: 분명한 차이가 있어요. 태양이 떠 있을 때와 어두울 때의 열기와 냉기는 믿을 수 없을 정도에요. 태양이 나를 비추기 전부터 이미 몸에서 열이 생성되기 시작하는 것을 느낄 수 있어요. 너무나 인상적이에요. 진공 상태의 우주에서 얼마나 많은 열기와 냉기가 나오는지, 그리고 태양이 사물을 얼마나 변화시키는지. Nye: 환상적이네요. 다시 말씀드리지만 마술이 아닙니다. 과학이에요. Sunny씨, 정말 멋져요. 대단히 감사합니다. 이제 당신을 놓아 줄 때가 되었군요. 위성 연결이 끊길 거에요. 우승자에게 마지막으로 하실 말씀이 있습니까? Dorothy, Sara, Amr에게요. 대단히 감사합니다. 네, 물론이죠. 여러분, 축하해요. 여러분의 실험은 여기서 아주 잘 진행되었어요. 이 대회에 참가한 다른 참가자들이 아주 많았던 걸로 알고 있어요. 대회라기보다 미래의 과학적 재목들의 모임이라고 할 수 있죠. 참가하신 모든 분들께 감사드립니다. Czech: když jste venku ve vesmíru. Jenom oteplování a ochlazování, které sluneční cyklus způsobuje, je naprosto neuvěřitelné. Ještě než na vás slunce začne svítit, už cítíte, jak se kolem vás vytváří teplo. Je to úžasná věc, jak moc se vakuum vesmíru otepluje a ochlazuje a jaký má sluneční svit vliv. Nye: Fascinující. Připomínám, že to nejsou žádná kouzla. Je to věda! To je moc zajímavé, Sunny. Vřelé díky. Bohužel se budeme muset rozloučit. Naše satelity ztratí spojení. Chceš ještě něco říct vítězům, Dorothy, Saře a Amrovi? Ještě jednou děkujeme. Williams: Především vám blahopřeji. Vaše pokusy se povedly na výbornou. Vím, že jsme v soutěži, v této přehlídce budoucích vědeckých kapacit, měli tisíce dalších skvělých kandidátů, takže děkuji i všem ostatním. English: you can really tell the difference. Just the heating and cooling from the time when the sun is up and the time when it's dark is unbelievable. Before the sun even shines on you, you can feel the heat start to generate around your body. So it's impressive, the vacuum of space, how much heating and cooling goes on out there and how much sun changes things. Nye: That's fantastic. And I remind you, it's not magic. It's science! That's pretty cool, Sunny. Thank you so much. I'm afraid we're about to lose you. Our satellites are gonna lose touch with you. But do you have any final words for the winners? For Dorothy, Sara, and Amr. Thank you so much. Williams: Well, of course, congratulations to you guys. Your experiments were awesome up here. I know that there were thousands of other wonderful participants in this contest, or this, I think, more of a gathering of scientific minds of our future, so thanks to everybody who participated. German: Dank euch ist das ein toller Wettbewerb gewesen. Ich fühle mich geehrt, meinen Teil beigetragen zu haben. Also nochmals vielen Dank. Wir danken Ihnen, Sunny. Das ist einfach toll. Vielen, vielen Dank. Jetzt dürfen Sie wieder an die Arbeit. War das nicht fantastisch? Sie fliegt im Weltraum, Leute! Das ist der Hammer! Dank an das Kontrollzentrum, vielen Dank. Auch ihr dürft jetzt weiterarbeiten. Wie cool war das denn? Ist sie... Nein, das ist Routine. Mann, wie beeindruckend. Ich hab das auch probiert, aber es war viel schwerer. Ich weiß nicht, wie es bei euch ist, aber das war meine erste Liveschaltung zu einer Astronautin. Für euch ist das ganz alltäglich, oder?   Das war ziemlich gut. Nein, nicht alltäglich. Wie geht's euch? Eure Experimente fliegen. Es ist irgendwie komisch. Wir haben den Prototyp für unseren Bakterienbehälter gesehen, und jetzt hat sie ihn in der Hand. Das ist total abgedreht. Zu sehen, dass es funktioniert, ist völlig irre. Ja, das ist irre. Sehr cool. Es ist eine große Ehre. Die besten Wissenschaftler und Astronauten der Welt English: You guys all made the contest awesome. We're just honored to have been part of it. So thank you. Nye: Thank you, Sunny. That's just great. Thank you so much. We'll let you get back to work. Oh, wow, that was just wonderful, wasn't it? She's flying in space, you guys! Come on. Thanks, Mission Control. Thank you very much. We'll let you get back to work as well. I mean, how cool was that? [laughter] Chen: Is she... Nye: Nah, it's routine. God, how amazing. I've tried that, but it's much harder for me. So that was-- I don't know about you guys-- that was my first live link-up with an astronaut. You guys, that's your day at the office, is it? [laughter] That was pretty good. Ma: Not quite yet. Nye: So how do you feel? Your experiments are flying. Ma: It's weird. It's like... We saw the prototype for our, um-- for our bacteria container, and now it's like, she's holding it, and it's just really surreal. Chen: To see it work is just mind-blowing. Ma: Yeah, it's mind-blowing. Nye: It's really cool. Mohamed: It's a great honor, to have-- I mean, the best scientists and astronauts Italian: Tutti voi ragazzi avete reso fantastico questo concorso. Siamo onorati di averne fatto parte. Quindi grazie. Nye: Grazie, Sunny. È semplicemente fantastico. Grazie mille. Ti lasciamo tornare al tuo lavoro. Oh, wow, è stato semplicemente meraviglioso, vero? Sta volando nello spazio, ragazzi! Che forza. Grazie, sala di controllo. Grazie mille. Lasciamo tornare anche voi al lavoro. Cioè, non è stato fortissimo? [risate] Chen: Lei sta... Nye: No, è abituata. Cavoli, è incredibile. Ci ho provato anch'io, ma è molto più difficile per me. Quindi era... Non so voi ragazzi, è stato il mio primo collegamento in diretta con un'astronauta. Ragazzi, era una vostra giornata tipica in ufficio, vero? [risata] Non male. Ma: Non ancora. Nye: Allora, come vi sentite? I vostri esperimenti sono in volo. Ma: È strano. È come... Abbiamo visto il prototipo per il nostro, ehm... per il nostro contenitore di batteri, e ora lei lo ha tra le mani ed è davvero surreale. Chen: Vedere che funziona è davvero stupefacente. Ma: Già, è stupefacente. Nye: È fantastico. Mohamed: È un grande onore avere... Cioè, i migliori scienziati e astronauti French: Ce concours n'aurait pas été le même sans vous. Nous sommes très honorés d'avoir fait partie de cette aventure. Un grand merci à vous tous. – Merci, Sunny. Merci infiniment. On vous laisse vous remettre au travail. Eh bien… C'est extraordinaire, n'est-ce pas ? Vous rendez-vous compte, elle vole dans l'espace ! Merci à la salle de contrôle. On vous laisse aussi vous remettre au travail. Incroyable ! [rires] C'est la routine pour eux ! J'ai essayé ça, c'est trop dur pour moi. En ce qui me concerne, c'était la première fois que je communiquais en direct avec un astronaute. Et vous ? Vous avez l'habitude ? [rires] Pas encore. Quel effet ça vous fait que vos projets soient dans l'espace ? C'est difficile à croire… On a vu le prototype du cylindre qui contient nos bactéries, et on la voit maintenant avec notre projet entre les mains. Et de savoir que l'expérience a réussi… – C'est incroyable. – C'est super. C'est un grand honneur pour moi d'avoir collaboré avec les plus grands scientifiques et astronautes Arabic: لقد شاركتم جميعًا في جعل هذه المسابقة رائعة. وإنه لشرف لنا أن نشارك بها. لذا شكرًا لكم. ناي: شكرًا لكِ ساني. هذا رائع. شكرًا جزيلاً لكِ. سندعكِ تعودين إلى عملك. أوه، واو، كان هذا رائعًا، أليس كذلك؟ إنها تحلق في الفضاء، أيها الشباب. إن ذلك مثير للغاية. شكرًا لوحدة مراقبة البعثات. شكرًا جزيلاً لكم. سندعكم تعودون إلى أعمالكم أيضًا. كم كان ذلك رائعًا؟ [ضحك] شين: هل هي... ناي: لا، إنها تفعل ذلك بشكل روتيني. يا إلهي، ذلك مدهش. لقد حاولت أن أفعل ذلك، لكنه صعب للغاية عليّ. إذن-- لا أعلم الحال معكم-- لكن ذلك كان أول اتصال مباشر لي مع رائد فضاء. كان ذلك يومًا عاديًا بالنسبة إليكم أيها الشباب، أليس كذلك؟ [ضحك] كان ذلك جيدًا جدًا. ما: ليس بعد. ناي: إذن ما شعوركم؟ تجاربكم تحلق في الفضاء. ما: إنه شعور غريب . وكأننا... نشاهد نموذجًا أوليًا إمم-- لحاوية البكتريا، والآن، الأمر يشبه، وهي تمسك بها، وكأننا في حلم. شين: مشاهدة إجراء التجربة تخلب العقل تمامًا. ما: نعم، تخلب العقل. ناي: هذا رائع حقًا. محمد: إنه يشرفني كثيرًا، أن-- أعني أن أفضل العلماء ورواد الفضاء Dutch: Dankzij jullie is de wedstrijd een succes geworden. We zijn vereerd dat we er aan hebben mogen meedoen. Dus dank jullie wel. Nye: Dank je, Sunny. Dat is fantastisch. Heel erg bedankt. We laten je weer aan het werk gaan. Dat was geweldig, of niet? Ze vliegt in de ruimte, jongens. Kom op, zeg. Hartelijk dank, missiecontrolecentrum. Heel erg bedankt. We laten jullie ook weer aan het werk gaan. Was dat niet cool? [gelach] Chen: Is ze... Nye: Nee, gewoon routine. Wat fantastisch. Ik heb dat geprobeerd, maar het is veel moeilijker voor mij. Ik weet niet hoe dat bij jullie zit, maar dat was mijn eerste live contact met een astronaut. Een gewone dag op kantoor, hè? [gelach] Dat was mooi. Ma: Nog niet helemaal. Nye: Wat vinden jullie ervan? Jullie experimenten vliegen door de ruimte. Ma: Het is raar. Het is alsof... We hebben het prototype gezien voor onze bacteriecontainer, en nu houdt ze hem echt vast en het is gewoon onwerkelijk. Chen: Om te zien dat het echt werkt, is gewoon ongelooflijk. Ma: Ja, ongelooflijk. Nye: Het is echt cool. Mohamed: Het is een grote eer. De beste wetenschappers en astronauten iw: הפכתם את התחרות הזו למדהימה. היה לנו כבוד ליטול בה חלק. אז תודה. ניי: תודה, סאני. זה נהדר, תודה רבה לך. אנחנו ניתן לך לחזור לעבודה. וואו, זה היה נפלא, לא? היא מרחפת בחלל, חברים! באמת. תודה לחדר הבקרה. תודה רבה. ניתן גם לכם לחזור לעבודה. זה היה ממש מגניב, נכון? [צחוק] צ'ן: היא... ניי: לא, זה שגרתי. זה מדהים. גם אני ניסיתי את זה, אבל לי זה היה הרבה יותר קשה. אז זו היתה... אני לא יודע מה אתכם, אבל זו היתה השיחה הראשונה שלי עם אסטרונאוט בשידור חי. ככה נראה גם היום שלכם במשרד? [צחוק] זה היה לא רע. מא: עדיין לא. אז איך אתם מרגישים? הניסויים שלכם טסים. מא: זה מוזר, כאילו... ראינו את האב-טיפוס של מיכל החיידקים שלנו, אבל עכשיו, היא מחזיקה אותו, זה ממש בלתי נתפס. צ'ן: לראות את זה פועל, זה מסעיר. מא: כן, זה מסעיר. ניי: כן, זה מגניב. מוחמד: זה כבוד גדול. המדענים והאסטרונאונטים הטובים ביותר, Chinese: 這場超棒的比賽多虧了你們 我們很榮幸能參與其中 - 謝謝大家 - 謝謝您，Sunny 太棒了 非常感謝您 我們要放您回去工作啦 剛才真是太妙了 他在太空中飛行耶，各位！ 感謝任務控管中心 非常謝謝你們 我們也要放各位回去工作啦 不覺得那很酷嗎？ [笑聲] 她... 那是例行公事啦 天啊，太驚人了 我曾經想嘗試 但那對我來說太難了 我不知道各位有沒有這經驗 但這是我第一次與太空人即時連線 各位，這是你們的工作天吧？ [笑聲] - 真是好極了 - 不完全是 妳覺得如何？妳們的實驗在飛耶 感覺很怪，就像... 我們看到了自己的 細菌容器原型 而她握在手裡 感覺超不真實的 發現實驗進行順利 真是讓人很興奮 - 對啊，很過癮 - 真的很酷 我非常榮幸能夠... 在國際太空站上工作的 Spanish: Todos contribuyeron a que el concurso fuese estupendo. Nos sentimos honrados de haber formado parte. Así que gracias. Nye: Gracias a ti, Sunny. Es magnífico. Muchas gracias. Te dejamos volver a tu trabajo. Wow, eso fue increíble, ¿no lo creen? ¡Está volando en el espacio chicos! Vamos. Gracias, Control de la Misión. Muchas gracias. También los dejamos volver a su trabajo. ¡Qué increíble fue todo esto! [risas] Chen: Ella.. Nye: No, es rutina. Dios, qué fascinante. He intentado hacer eso, pero es mucho más difícil para mí. Así que ese fue... no se para ustedes chicos... ese fue mi primer contacto en directo con un astronauta. Para ustedes fue un día típico chicos, ¿no es así? [risas] Eso estuvo bastante bueno. Ma: No del todo. Nye: ¿Así que cómo se sienten? Sus experimentos están volando. Es extraño. Es como... Vimos el prototipo para nuestro... para nuestro recipiente de la bacteria, y ahora es como... ella lo tiene, y es realmente surreal. Chen: Verlo funcionar es simplemente alucinante. Ma: Sí, es alucinante. Nye: Es realmente genial. Mohamed: Es un gran honor, que... Quiero decir, los mejores científicos y astronautas Spanish: por su maravillosa contribución a este concurso. Ha sido un honor formar parte de él. Muchas gracias. Nye: Gracias a ti, Sunny. Ha sido magnífico. Muchas gracias. Te dejamos volver al trabajo. ¡Guau! Ha sido fantástico, ¿verdad? ¡Está volando en el espacio, chicos! Gracias, Centro de Control de Misiones. Muchas gracias. Os dejamos también volver al trabajo. ¡Ha sido increíble! [risas] Chen: Ella... Nye: No, es rutina. Dios, qué fascinante... Lo he intentado, pero para mí es mucho más difícil, así que, no sé para vosotros pero, en mi caso, este ha sido mi primer contacto con un astronauta. Para vosotros, en cambio, es un "día de oficina", ¿no? [risas] Muy bueno... Ma: No tanto... Nye: Bueno, ¿y cómo os sentís? Vuestros experimentos están en el espacio. Ma: Es extraño. Es como... Vimos el prototipo de nuestro... de nuestro contenedor de la bacteria, y ahora es como... La tienen allí, es surrealista. Chen: Ver el experimento en funcionamiento es fascinante. Ma: Sí, es fascinante. Nye: Es genial. Mohamed: Es un gran honor que... Quiero decir que en la Estación Espacial Internacional Japanese: おかげですばらしいコンテストでした 参加できて嬉しかったです ありがとう ナイ: ありがとう、サニー 本当にありがとうございました お仕事に戻ってください すばらしい体験だったよね 彼女は今宇宙にいるんだから 管制室の皆さんもありがとう お仕事に戻ってください 本当に楽しかった [笑] ドロシー: 彼女は... ナイ: これが毎日の仕事だなんて驚きだ 僕も挑戦したけど、僕にはきつかった 君たちは別だけど僕にとっては 初めての宇宙飛行士との生中継だった 君たちは落ち着いていたようだけど [笑] すごいね サラ: そんなことないです ナイ: 宇宙での実験を見て どうだった？ サラ: 妙な気分 試しに作った バクテリア容器を 彼女が手にしてた ウソみたい ドロシー: ちゃんと機能してて嬉しい サラ: 本当に ナイ: よかったね モハマド: とても名誉です 最高の科学者と宇宙飛行士が Russian: Вы все внесли свой ценный вклад. И для нас честь принять участие в этом мероприятии. Спасибо вам! НАЙ. Спасибо, Суни. Отлично! Большое спасибо! Наконец-то вы можете вернуться к своей работе. Замечательно, не правда ли? Она же летит в космическом пространстве! Спасибо Центру управления полетом. Большое спасибо! Вас мы тоже больше не будем отвлекать от работы. Ну, как? [смех] ЧЕН. Смотрите! НАЙ. А! Это обычное дело! Я тоже так пробовал, но не получилось. Итак, не знаю, как у вас, а у меня это был первый сеанс связи с орбитальной станцией. Вот и рабочий день подходит к концу, да? [смех] И день этот прошел не зря! МА. Пока ещё не прошел. НАЙ. И как ощущения? Ваши эксперименты в космосе! МА. Мы этого ещё не осознали до конца. Мы видели прототип нашего контейнера с бактериями, а теперь вот она держит его в руках… Даже не верится! ЧЕН. Это, конечно, потрясающе – видеть, что твой эксперимент работает! МА. Точно! Потрясающе! НАЙ. Согласен с вами. МУХАММЕД. Для меня большая честь… На МКС работают Portuguese: Vocês tornaram este concurso um sucesso. Ficamos honrados de participar. Obrigado. Nye: Obrigado, Sunny. Excelente. Muito obrigado. Deixaremos que volte ao trabalho. Não foi incrível? Ela está no espaço, pessoal! Obrigado ao Controle da Missão. Muito obrigado. Deixaremos que vocês também voltem ao trabalho. Não foi demais? [risos] Chen: Ela está... Nye: É rotineiro. Puxa, sensacional. Tentei fazer isso, mas é difícil para mim. Não sei vocês, mas esse foi meu primeiro contato ao vivo com um astronauta. Para vocês foi só mais um dia de trabalho, certo? [risos] Incrível. Ma: Não é bem assim. Nye: E como se sentem? Seus experimentos estão lá. Ma: É estranho. Vimos o protótipo do recipiente das bactérias, e agora está nas mãos dela. É algo surreal. Chen: Ver o experimento em ação é indescritível. Ma: Isso mesmo. Nye: Muito bom. Mohamed: É uma grande honra. Os melhores cientistas e astronautas Czech: Díky vám se celá soutěž povedla. Je pro nás velkou ctí, že jsme byli její součástí. Děkuji. Nye: Díky, Sunny. Bylo to skvělé, děkujeme mockrát. Teď tě necháme vrátit se k práci. To bylo něco úžasného, ne? Ona je doopravdy ve vesmíru. Děkujeme řídicímu středisku. Děkujeme mockrát. I vás už necháme v klidu pracovat. To bylo něco, že? [smích] Chen: To jo... Nye: Běžná rutina. Páni... To jsem zkoušel taky, ale moc mi to nešlo. Nevím, jak pro vás, ale pro mě to bylo první živé spojení s astronautem. Pro vás je to běžné, co? [smích] Paráda. Ma: Ještě ne. Nye: Jak se cítíte? Vaše experimenty fungují. Ma: Je to zvláštní. Viděli jsme prototyp naší schránky na bakterie, a teď jí ona drží v ruce, je to prostě neskutečné. Chen: Vidět to v praxi je neuvěřitelné. Ma: Ano, neuvěřitelné. Nye: Je to vážně něco. Mohamed: Je to velká čest. Vždyť... Vždyť nejlepší z vědců a astronautů Polish: Dzięki wam konkurs był wspaniały. Jestem dumna, że mogłam przy nim pracować. Dziękuję. Nye: Dziękujemy, Sunny. Fantastycznie. Bardzo dziękujemy. Nie odrywamy cię już od pracy. To po prostu niesamowite, prawda? Pomyślcie, ona lata w kosmosie. Dziękujemy, Centrum Kontroli. Dziękujemy bardzo. Wam też nie zajmujemy już czasu. Czy to nie fajne? Chen: Czy ona... Nye: Nie, to normalne. Wspaniała sprawa. Próbowałem tego, ale dla mnie to znacznie trudniejsze. Nie wiem, jak wy, ale ja pierwszy raz rozmawiałem na żywo z astronautą. Dla was to pewnie codzienność, co? To było dobre. Ma: Jeszcze nie. Nye: Jak się czujecie? Wasze eksperymenty są na orbicie. Ma: To dziwne. Widziałyśmy prototyp naszego pojemnika na bakterie, a teraz ona ma go w rękach. To po prostu niezwykłe. Chen: To fascynujące zobaczyć go w akcji. Ma: Tak, fascynujące. Nye: Naprawdę fajnie. Mohamed: To wielki zaszczyt... Na Międzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej Korean: 여러분 모두가 멋진 대회를 만들었어요. 우리는 여기에 속했던 것만으로도 영광이에요. 감사합니다. Sunny씨, 감사합니다. 훌륭해요. 대단히 감사합니다. 이제 업무에 복귀하도록 해드릴게요. 정말 멋졌어요. 그렇지 않습니까? Sunny씨가 우주에 있어요! 관제 센터, 감사합니다. 대단히 감사합니다. 이제 업무에 복귀하도록 해드릴게요. 정말 멋지지 않아요? [웃음] Sunny씨가... 저건 일상이에요. 세상에, 놀랍네요. 저도 해봤는데 저는 훨씬 더 힘들었어요. 그래요, 여러분은 잘 모르겠지만 저는 우주비행사와 처음으로 라이브로 연결했어요. 여러분에게는 일상적이죠? [웃음] Nye: 꽤 괜찮았죠. Sara: 아직은 아니에요. 느낌이 어떠세요? 여러분의 실험이 날아다니고 있어요. 이상해요. 마치... 우리의 박테리아 컨테이너의 프로토타입을 봤어요. Sunny씨가 들고 있는데 현실이 아닌 것 같아요. 작동하는 것을 보다니 정말 감동적이에요. Sara: 네, 감동적이에요. Nye: 대단하죠. 국제 우주 정거장에서 일하시는 최고의 과학자와 우주비행사들이 계시다는게 Russian: лучшие ученые и космонавты, и для меня большая честь, что они занимаются моим экспериментом. НАЙ. И сейчас в этой связи я хочу задать один вопрос. Стефани, если вы слышите, сколько усилий было затрачено на все это? Эти ребята, студенты, предложили свои идеи. Но их ещё нужно было реализовать на орбите. Насколько трудно это было? КАНТРИМЭН. Это очень сложный процесс. Чтобы провести эксперимент на борту станции, нужно, например, подготовить оборудование для жизнедеятельности организма, который обычно живет в определенных природных условиях. Нужно создать ему среду, максимально приближенную к естественной. Ведь теперь ему придется жить в непривычных условиях, поэтому подготовка оборудования – это сложный процесс. Затем подготовка экипажа и соблюдение всех мер безопасности с целью защиты космонавтов во время проведения опыта… Это довольно продолжительный и сложный процесс, но при этом интересный. НАЙ. И вам это удалось. Я убедился, что эксперименты прошли, как и планировалось. И это здорово! Теперь переходим к Питеру. Italian: e quelli che lavorano alla Stazione Spaziale Internazionale, ed è un onore vedere il mio esperimento condotto lì. Nye: Quindi, ragazzi, questo mi riconduce a una cosa. Stefanie, se è ancora lì, quanto lavoro c'è voluto per tutto questo? Cioè, questi ragazzi, gli studenti hanno avuto un'idea, ma voi avete dovuto portarla sulla stazione spaziale. Quanto lavoro c'è stato e quanto è stato difficile? Countryman: È un processo molto complesso sviluppare un esperimento da condurre sulla stazione spaziale, dalla progettazione dell'attrezzatura al sostentamento di un organismo vivente che in genere vive in un ambiente esterno in modo che viva in un ambiente nel modo più naturale possibile. Ora devono vivere in un ambiente innaturale, quindi progettare l'attrezzatura è complicato. E poi anche addestrare l'equipaggio e soddisfare tutti i requisiti di sicurezza in modo che gli astronauti siano al sicuro quando conducono l'esperimento... è un processo piuttosto lungo e complesso, ma è anche elettrizzante. Nye: E lei l'ha concretizzato. E ho visto che gli esperimenti funzionano proprio come avevate previsto. È fantastico. Bene, torniamo a Peter adesso. Arabic: هم من يعملون في محطة الفضاء الدولية (ISS)، وإنه يشرفني أن يتم إجراء تجربتي هناك. ناي: إذن، أيها الشباب، هذا يقودني إلى شيء ما. ستيفاني، إذا كنت موجودة، فما حجم العمل الذي ينطوي على ذلك؟ أقصد أن هؤلاء الشباب، الطلاب، واتتهم فكرة، عليكم إعدادها لإجرائها بمحطة الفضاء. ما حجم العمل وما مدى صعوبته؟ كانتريمان: إنها عملية معقدة للغاية، أن تطوِّر تجربة لتنفيذها في محطة الفضاء، بدءًا من تصميم الأجهزة المطلوبة لإعاشة كائن حي يعيش عادةً في بيئة خارجية حتى يتمكن من العيش في بيئة بشكل طبيعي قدر الإمكان. الآن عليه أن يعيش في بيئة غير طبيعية، لذا، فإن تصميم الأجهزة يكون معقدًا. وهناك أيضًا تدريب الطاقم وتوفير جميع متطلبات السلامة حتى يكون رواد الفضاء بأمان عند إجراء التجربة-- إنها عملية طويلة ومعقدة إلى حد كبير، لكنها مثيرة كذلك. ناي: وأنتِ نفذتِها رغم الصعوبات. وأستطيع أن أرى التجارب، وهي تعمل تمامًا كما خططت. وهذا مدهش. إذن، آه، لننتقل إلى بيتر الآن. Japanese: 国際宇宙ステーションで 僕の実験をしてくれたなんて ナイ: ここでちょっと聞いてみよう ステファニー、これはどのくらい すごいんだろう？ 若い学生たちがアイディアを出して それを宇宙で実験するというのは どのくらい大変なの？ カントリーマン: 宇宙ステーションで行う 実験を開発するのは非常に複雑な作業です 生物を自然な環境とは違う環境で できるだけ自然に近いように 保管する装置を 開発します とても不自然な環境なので 装置の設計は複雑です 乗組員が安全基準を満たすための 訓練も必要です 実験中に宇宙飛行士の 安全を確保するためです 長くて複雑なプロセスですが エキサイティングです ナイ: 実験を見ましたが 計画通りでした すばらしい 次はピーター Czech: jsou právě ti na Mezinárodní vesmírné stanici, takže je obrovská čest, že se tam věnují mému pokusu. Nye: To mě přivádí k dalšímu tématu. Stefanie, pokud nás slyšíte, kolik je za tím vším práce? Chci říct, tihle studenti měli nápad, ale do vesmíru jste experimenty museli dostat vy. Jak těžké to celé bylo? Countrymanová: Vyvinout experiment, který bude uskutečněn na Mezinárodní vesmírné stanici, je velmi složitý proces. Už od návrhu zařízení pro péči o živé organismy, které většinou žijí venku a musejí mít co nejpřirozenější prostředí. Nahoře jsou ve velmi nepřirozeném prostředí, takže vymyslet takové zařízení není jednoduché. A pak je tu také výcvik posádky a splnění všech bezpečnostních kritérií, aby astronauti byli při provádění pokusu v bezpečí... Je to dlouhý a náročný proces, ale také zajímavý. Nye: A vydařil se. Viděli jsme experimenty, které dopadly přesně podle plánu. To je skvělé. Teď se spojím s Peterem. Spanish: son los que trabajan en la Estación Espacial Internacional, y es un honor que mi propio experimento se realice allí. Nye: Bueno chicos, eso me recuerda algo. Stefanie, si estás allí, ¿cuánto trabajo implica esto? Los chicos, los estudiantes, tenían una idea, pero tú has tenido que aplicarlo en la estación espacial. ¿Cuánto trabajo y qué tan difícil es? Countryman: Es un proceso muy complejo desarrollar un experimento para realizarlo en la estación espacial, desde diseñar el hardware para sustentar un organismo vivo que típicamente vive en un entorno exterior para que viva en un entorno lo más natural posible. Ahora tienen que vivir en un entorno que no es natural, así que diseñar el hardware es complicado. Y luego además capacitar a la tripulación y cumplir con todos los requisitos de seguridad para que los astronautas estén seguros cuando realicen el experimento... Es un proceso bastante largo y complejo, pero también es emocionante. Nye: Y lo lograste. Y pude ver los experimentos, están funcionando, tal como lo planificaste. Es fantástico. Bien, pasamos a Peter ahora. Polish: pracują najlepsi naukowcy i astronauci. To zaszczyt, że robią mój eksperyment. Nye: To mi o czymś przypomniało. Stefanie, jeśli nas słyszysz, ile pracy to wymagało? Ci młodzi ludzie, uczniowie, mieli pomysł, ale to wy dostarczyliście sprzęt na stację. Czy to było trudne? Ile wymagało pracy? Countryman: Opracowanie eksperymentu na stację kosmiczną to bardzo złożony proces. Trzeba stworzyć sprzęt, dzięki któremu organizm żyjący zwykle w środowisku zewnętrznym będzie miał siedlisko zbliżone do naturalnego. Musi przeżyć w nienaturalnym środowisku, więc projektowanie sprzętu jest skomplikowane. Potem trzeba przeszkolić załogę i spełnić wszystkie wymagania bezpieczeństwa, by astronautom nic nie groziło podczas eksperymentu. To dość długi i złożony proces, ale też ekscytujący. Nye: Wam to się udało. Widzimy, że eksperymenty przebiegają zgodnie z planem. To fantastyczne. Przejdźmy teraz do Petera. English: are the ones who work in the International Space Station, and it's an honor to have my own experiment be done there. Nye: So, you guys, that leads me to something. Stefanie, if you're there, how much work goes into this? I mean, these guys, the students, had an idea, but you've got to get it up on the space station. How much work and how hard is that? Countryman: It's a very complex process to develop an experiment to be conducted on the space station, from designing the hardware to support a living organism that typically lives in an environment outside to live in an environment as naturally as possible. Now they have to live in an unnatural environment, so designing the hardware is complicated. And then also then training the crew and meeting all of the safety requirements so that the astronauts are safe when they conduct the experiment-- it's quite a long and complex process, but it's also exciting. Nye: And you pulled it off. And I could see the experiments, they're working just as you planned. It's fantastic. So, uh, going over to Peter now. iw: הם אלה שעובדים בתחנת החלל הבינלאומית, וזה כבוד גדול שהניסוי שלי מבוצע שם. ניי: הדברים שלכם מזכירים לי משהו. סטפני, אם את שם, כמה עבודה מושקעת בזה? כלומר, לתלמידים האלה היה רעיון, אבל אתם צריכים לבצע אותו בתחנת החלל. כמה עבודה מושקעת ועד כמה זה קשה? קאונטרימן: זה תהליך מאוד מורכב לפתח ניסוי שיבוצע בתחנת החלל, מתכנון החומרה לתמיכה ביצור חי, שבדרך כלל חי בסביבה בחוץ, כדי לאפשר לו לגור בסביבה באופן הטבעי ביותר האפשרי, כי עכשיו הוא צריך לחיות בסביבה בלתי טבעית, אז תכנון החומרה הוא מורכב. כמו כן, צריך לאמן את הצוות ולעמוד בכל דרישות האבטחה כדי שהאסטרונאוטים יהיו בטוחים, בעת ביצוע הניסוי, זה תהליך ארוך ומורכב, אבל הוא גם מרגש. ניי: והצלחתם לבצע את זה. יכולתי לראות שהניסויים פועלים בדיוק כמתוכנן. זה פנטסטי. בואו נעבור לפיטר. Spanish: trabajan los mejores científicos y astronautas del mundo y es un honor para mí que hayan llevado a cabo mi experimento. Nye: Eso me recuerda algo. Stefanie, si estás ahí, dinos: ¿cuánto trabajo requiere esto? Me refiero a que estos estudiantes tuvieron una idea, que luego habéis tenido que trasladar a la estación espacial. ¿Cuánto trabajo requiere eso y qué dificultad conlleva? Countryman: El proceso de desarrollar un experimento para realizarlo en una estación espacial es muy complejo, desde el diseño del equipo hasta el mantenimiento de un organismo vivo, que suele vivir en un entorno exterior, en un entorno lo más natural posible. Ahora tiene que vivir en un entorno no natural, así que diseñar el equipo es complicado. Y luego hay que formar a la tripulación, además de cumplir todos los requisitos de seguridad para que los astronautas puedan llevar a cabo el experimento de una forma segura. Es un proceso bastante largo y complejo, pero también es emocionante. Nye: Pero ha sido un éxito. He visto los experimentos y funcionan exactamente según lo previsto. Es fantástico. Vayamos ahora con Peter. French: qui travaillent sur la Station spatiale internationale et que mon expérience y ait été réalisée. Ce qui nous amène à la question suivante. Stefanie, quelle a été la quantité de travail nécessaire ? Nous avions une vague idée. La préparation de ces expériences a-t-elle représenté beaucoup de travail ? C'est un processus très complexe que de mettre au point une expérience en vue de sa réalisation dans la station. Cela comprend notamment la conception du support pour la reproduction des bactéries. Il a fallu reproduire un environnement aussi naturel que possible. La conception d'un environnement artificiel est très complexe. Et bien sûr, la formation de l'équipage et le respect des règles de sécurité pour garantir la sécurité des astronautes lors de la réalisation de l'expérience. C'est un processus plutôt long et complexe, mais terriblement intéressant. Et vous avez réussi. Les expériences se sont déroulées comme prévu. C'est fantastique. Adressons-nous à Peter. Dutch: zijn degenen die in het ISS werken, en het is een eer dat mijn experiment daar is uitgevoerd. Nye: Dat brengt me bij iets anders. Stefanie, als je daar nog bent: Hoeveel werk gaat hier in zitten? Deze leerlingen hadden een idee, maar jij moet zorgen dat het in het ruimtestation komt. Hoeveel werk is dat, en is het moeilijk? Countryman: Het is een heel complex proces om een experiment te ontwikkelen dat kan worden uitgevoerd in het ruimtestation, van het ontwerpen van de hardware die een levend organisme kan ondersteunen dat meestal in een buitenomgeving leeft, om het zo natuurlijk mogelijk in een ruimte te laten leven. Nu moeten ze in een onnatuurlijke omgeving leven, dus het ontwerpen van de hardware is erg complex. En het trainen van de bemanning en het voldoen aan alle veiligheidsvereisten zodat de astronauten veilig zijn als ze het experiment uitvoeren, dat is een lang en complex proces, maar ook heel spannend. Nye: En het is je gelukt. Ik zag de experimenten, en ze werken precies zoals jullie hadden gepland. Het is fantastisch. Dan schakelen we nu over naar Peter. Chinese: 都是頂尖的科學家和太空人 我很榮幸能讓自己的實驗登上那裡 各位，這提醒了我某件事 Stefanie，妳還在嗎 你們費了多少功夫完成這些事 這些孩子，這些學生有個創意 但你們卻要將這個創意送上太空站 過程有多複雜與困難？ 要開發能在太空站上 執行的實驗 過程非常複雜 我們要設計硬體 為平常在外在環境生活的有機體 盡可能打造自然的內部環境 而他們現在必須在非自然的環境中生活 設計硬體非常複雜 還要培訓組員 並且符合所有安全需求 確保太空人在進行實驗時 能夠安全無虞 程序冗長又繁複 但是還是很有趣 而您做到了 我看到了實驗 都如您所規劃而正常運作 超棒的 接下來輪到 Peter Portuguese: são os que trabalham na EEI e é uma honra ver meu experimento lá. Nye: Isso nos leva a algo. Stefanie, se estiver aí, quanto trabalho é necessário? Esses estudantes tiveram uma ideia, mas é preciso levá-las até a estação espacial. Qual a dificuldade de se fazer isso? Countryman: É um processo muito complexo criar um experimento para ser realizado na estação. Criar o equipamento e dar suporte a um organismo vivo, que vive em um ambiente externo, vive em um ambiente o mais natural possível. Eles vão viver em um ambiente que não é natural. e criar o equipamento é complicado. Também é preciso treinar a equipe e atender aos requisitos de segurança para que os astronautas fiquem seguros ao conduzirem o experimento. É um processo bastante complicado, mas empolgante. Nye: E você conseguiu. Pudemos ver os experimentos, estão funcionando como você planejou. Fantástico. Vamos passar ao Peter. Korean: 대단한 영광입니다. 또한 제 실험이 거기에서 수행되어 영광입니다. 자, 여러분, 그 말을 들으니 뭔가 생각나는 군요. Stefanie씨, 아직 계시죠? 실험을 위해 얼마나 많은 일을 하나요? 제 말은, 아이디어는 여기 학생들이 내었지만 당신은 우주 정거장으로 실험을 보낼 준비를 해야 하잖아요. 얼마나 많은 일을 하고 얼마나 어렵습니까? 우주 정거장에서 수행될 실험 개발은 대단히 복잡한 과정입니다. 일반적으로 외부 환경에서 사는 생물이 가능한 한 자연스럽게 살 수 있도록 지원하는 하드웨어를 설계해야 하죠. 이 생물이 인위적인 환경에서 살아야 하기 때문에 하드웨어 설계가 복잡합니다. 그러고 승무원 교육과 모든 안전 요건을 충족해서 우주비행사들이 실험을 수행할 때 안전하도록 해야 합니다. 대단히 길고 복잡한 과정이지만 신나는 일이기도 해요. 그리고 실험을 성사시켰고요. 그 실험이 계획대로 작동하는 것을 봤습니다. 환상적이에요. 이제 Peter씨와 이야기를 나눠볼까요. German: arbeiten auf der ISS, und es ist eine Ehre, dass mein Experiment dort durchgeführt wird. Das bringt mich zu einem anderen Thema. Stefanie, wie viel Arbeit ist das? Diese Schüler hier hatten Ideen, aber diese Ideen mussten zur Raumstation gelangen. Wie viel Arbeit, wie schwierig ist das? Es ist ein sehr komplexer Vorgang, ein Experiment für die Durchführung auf der ISS zu entwickeln, von der Hardware bis zur Entwicklung einer natürlichen Umgebung für Lebewesen, die normalerweise draußen leben. Jetzt leben sie in einer unnatürlichen Umgebung, der Bau des Geheges ist also komplex. Weiter geht es mit der Schulung der Mannschaft und der Erfüllung aller Sicherheitsvorkehrungen, damit die Durchführung des Experiments für die Astronauten risikolos ist. Das dauert lange und ist kompliziert, macht aber auch Spaß. Und ihr habt es geschafft. Ich habe die Durchführung eurer Experimente gesehen. Einfach unglaublich. Jetzt noch mal zurück zu Peter. Arabic: بيتر، هل ستعمل بجانب عملك النهاري مع العناكب وتصبح رائد فضاء؟ سميزيرس: حسنًا، سيكون رائعًا أن أكون رائد فضاء متخصصًا في علم دراسة العناكب. ويجب أن أعترف، أن ذلك مغرٍ للغاية. لكني يجب أن أقر، الطعام ليس شهيًا على ما يبدو. [ضحك] يمكنني أن أتغاضى عن ذلك. ناي: الآن، عندما تتحدث عن "الطعام"، هل تقصد الطعام الذي تتناوله ساني أم آه-- الطعام الذي تأكله العناكب؟ لا، إني أمزح، إني أمزح. على ما أعتقد. حسنًا، أنا أمزح نوعًا ما. إذن، آه، بيكي، بيكي، هل تأملين أن يؤدي ذلك إلى إشراك المزيد من الأشخاص؟ المزيد من الأشخاص... الشباب بالأخص، بناءً على رغبتك في دعم استكشاف الفضاء. باركر: حسنًا، إن إجراء تجارب هؤلاء الشباب في الفضاء وكونها تعمل بشكل رائع هناك لهو أمر مثير للإلهام. وسيكون ذلك مصدر إلهام المزيد من الأشخاص، ونحن بحاجة إلى إتاحة المزيد من فرص إجراء التجارب في الفضاء للطلاب. أعتقد أن ذلك هو ما نحتاجه لإلهام المزيد من الأشخاص حتى يصيروا علماء. ناي: بيكي، عليكي أن تنطلقي. عليكي أن تزودينا ببعض الحماس. إلى الأمام. لا، إن ذلك مدهش. German: Peter, werden Sie Ihre Tätigkeit mit den Spinnen aufgeben und Astronaut werden? Nun, es wäre sicher cool, Astronautik-Arachnologe zu sein. Die Versuchung ist groß. Aber ich muss zugeben, dass das mit dem Essen nicht so toll klang. Ich glaube, das lasse ich aus. Meinen Sie mit "Essen" das, was Sunny gegessen hat, oder das Futter für die Spinnen? War nur Spaß. Ich hoffe zumindest. Ich mache ein bisschen Blödsinn. Also Becky, glauben Sie, dass mehr Leute sich dafür begeistern könnten? Vor allem junge Leute? Sie unterstützen ja die Forschung im Weltraum. Es ist doch mitreißend, dass die Experimente der Schüler im All so toll funktioniert haben. Davon lassen sich bestimmt mehr Leute anstecken, und wir brauchen für unsere Schüler mehr Chancen für Experimente im Weltraum. Genau das müssen wir tun: Mehr Leute dafür begeistern, Wissenschaftler zu werden. Becky, beruhigen Sie sich, geben Sie uns etwas ab von Ihrem Enthusiasmus. Nein, das war toll. Korean: Peter씨, 당신은 거미와 관련된 본업을 그만두고 우주비행사가 되시겠습니까? 글쎄요, 거미학 관련 우주비행사가 되는 것도 멋질 것 같은데요. 사실 대단히 유혹적이지만 솔직히 말해서 음식이 별로 구미가 당기지 않아요. [웃음] 이번에는 그냥 지나가야 겠네요. 그렇다면 말씀하신 '음식'이란 Sunny씨가 먹고 있던 음식인가요? 아니면 거미가 먹고 있던 음식인가요? 아니요, 농담입니다. 그냥 농담한 거에요. 이번에는 Becky씨, 이번 기회에 더 많은 사람들이 참여하기를 바라나요? 특히 젊은이들이요. 당신은 우주 탐험을 지원하고 싶어하니까요. 그럼요. 젊은이들의 실험이 저 위에서 멋지게 작동하는 것이 얼마나 고무적인데요. 더 많은 사람들에게 영감을 줄 거라 확신해요. 그리고 학생들이 우주에서 실험할 기회가 더 많아야 해요. 더 많은 사람들이 과학자가 되도록 영감을 불어넣어줘야 한다고 생각해요. Becky씨, 좀 더 신나게 하셔야죠. 우리에게 열정을 주셔야 합니다. 어서요. 아니요, 멋졌어요. French: Allez-vous abandonner votre métier pour devenir astronaute ? Ce serait chouette d'être un astronaute spécialiste des araignées. C'est très tentant, je dois dire. Toutefois, je dois admettre que la nourriture à bord ne m'emballe pas du tout. [rires] Je vais peut-être m'abstenir. Quand vous parlez de nourriture, vous parlez de ce que mangeait Sunny ou de ce que mangeait l'araignée ? Je plaisante ! Enfin, plus ou moins. Becky, espérez-vous que ce concours va attirer davantage de personnes et en particulier la jeune génération, vers l'exploration spatiale ? Oui, tout à fait. Ces jeunes gens brillants sont une vraie source d'inspiration. Je suis sûre que cela inspirera davantage de jeunes. Nous devons développer les opportunités, pour nos étudiants, de réaliser des expériences dans l'espace. C'est comme ça que nous réussirons à leur faire choisir une carrière scientifique. Becky, vous manquez un peu d'enthousiasme… Je plaisante ! Spanish: Peter, ¿vas a dejar tu trabajo habitual con las arañas y convertirte en astronauta? Smithers: Bueno, estaría muy bien ser un astronauta aracnológico. Admito que es muy tentador, pero la verdad es que la comida no parece tan maravillosa. [risas] Creo que esta vez paso. Nye: Cuando dices "la comida", ¿te refieres a lo que comía Sunny o a lo que comían las arañas? No, es broma. Estoy bromeando. Eso espero... Espero que sea broma. Becky, Becky, ¿esperas que esto haga que se involucre más gente? Especialmente gente joven que pueda apoyar la exploración espacial. Parker: Bueno, es muy inspirador que los experimentos de esos jóvenes se hayan llevado al espacio y hayan funcionado tan bien. Seguro que eso servirá de inspiración a otra gente y necesitamos más oportunidades de que nuestros estudiantes hagan experimentos en el espacio. Creo que eso es lo que necesitamos para conseguir más científicos. Nye: Becky, lo has conseguido. Nos has transmitido entusiasmo. No, en serio, ha sido fantástico. Spanish: Peter, ¿Piensas abandonar tu trabajo diario con arañas y convertirte en astronauta? Smithers: Bueno, sería genial ser un astronauta aracnológico. Debo admitirlo, es muy tentador. Pero debo confesar que, la comida no parece muy buena. [risas] Creo que esta vez paso. Nye: Ahora, cuando dices "la comida", ¿te refieres a lo que Sunny comía o lo que... las arañas comían? No, es broma. Es broma. Eso espero. Bueno, digamos que estoy bromeando. Bien, Becky, Becky, ¿esperas que esto haga que más personas se involucren? Más personas... Jóvenes específicamente, tú quieres fomentar la exploración del espacio. Parker: Bueno, es muy inspirador que los experimentos de esos jóvenes estén allá arriba, funcionando a la perfección. Seguramente inspire a más personas, y necesitamos más oportunidades para que nuestros estudiantes realicen experimentos en el espacio. Creo que eso es lo que necesitamos para inspirar aún a más personas a ser científicas. Nye: Becky, tienes que intentarlo. Tienes que darnos un poco de entusiasmo. Vamos. Es broma, estuvo fantástico. Italian: Peter, lascerà il suo lavoro con i ragni per diventare astronauta? Smithers: Beh, sarebbe bello fare l'astronauta aracnologo. Devo ammettere che è molto allettante. Ma devo confessare che... il cibo non mi sembra così buono. [risata] Penso che passerò per questa volta. Nye: Quando parla di cibo si riferisce a ciò che Sunny stava mangiando o a quello che i ragni stavano mangiando? No, sto scherzando, sto scherzando. Spero. Beh, sto quasi scherzando. Allora, Becky, Becky, spera che questo permetta di coinvolgere altre persone? Altre persone... Giovani soprattutto, l'obiettivo è sostenere l'esplorazione dello spazio. Parker: Beh, è di grande ispirazione sapere che gli esperimenti di quei giovani sono lassù e funzionano a meraviglia. Sicuramente ispirerà altre persone e abbiamo bisogno di più opportunità affinché i nostri studenti possano condurre esperimenti nello spazio. Penso che sia quello che ci serve per ispirare ancora più persone a diventare scienziati. Nye: Becky, deve calmarsi. Deve metterci un po' di entusiasmo. Forza. No, è stato fantastico. Portuguese: Peter, você pensa em reunir um monte de aranhas e se tornar um astronauta? Smithers: Seria ótimo ser um astronauta aracnídeo. Devo admitir que é tentador. Mas eu confesso, a comida não parece apetitosa. [risos] Essa eu não vou querer. Nye: Mas quando se refere à comida, fala da comida que Sunny mostrou ou... a comida das aranhas? Estou brincando. Quer dizer, mais ou menos. Becky, você espera que este concurso atraia mais pessoas? Mais jovens, principalmente, que desejem apoiar a exploração espacial? Parker: É inspirador ter os experimentos desse jovens lá em cima e funcionando. Com certeza atrairá mais pessoas, e precisamos de mais oportunidades para nossos estudantes fazerem experimentos no espaço. É isso que precisamos para inspirar mais pessoas a serem cientistas. Nye: Becky, você precisa se animar e nos mostrar seu entusiasmo. Não, foi incrível. Czech: Petere, plánujete nechat práce s pavouky a stát se astronautem? Smithers: No, bylo by to zajímavé, být vesmírný arachnolog. Musím přiznat, že to zní lákavě. Ale abych řekl pravdu, tak jejich jídlo mě zrovna nenadchlo. [smích] Takže si to nechám ujít. Nye: Když mluvíte o jídle, máte na mysli to, co jí Sunny, nebo – ehm – mouchy pro pavouky? Ne, dělám si legraci, alespoň doufám. Trochu si dělám legraci. Becky, Becky, myslíte, že tento projekt zaujme nové lidi? Další lidi... Hlavně mladé, chtěla jste přeci propagovat výzkum vesmíru. Parkerová: No ano, je to velmi inspirující, že se tam dostaly experimenty těchto mladých lidí a že bezchybně fungují. Jistě to inspiruje ostatní, takových příležitostí pro naše studenty potřebujeme více. Tohle je ten správný způsob, jak vzbudit v lidech zájem o vědu. Nye: Becky, vy byste měla to své nadšení začít rozdávat. Jste opravdu skvělá. Japanese: クモをつれて宇宙飛行士に なる予定は？ スミザース: クモ専門の 宇宙飛行士は楽しそうで すごく魅力的だけど 正直 食事がおいしくなさそう [笑] やめておきます ナイ: 「食事」って言ったけど それはサニーの食事？それとも クモの食事？ いや、冗談です 本当に冗談 ベッキー、今後のコンテストには 参加者が増えると思いますか？ 特に若い人が 宇宙探査に興味を持つと？ パーカー: 今回の皆さんの実験が 宇宙ステーションで成功したことは 本当にすばらしい きっと多くの人に感銘を与えたので 宇宙での実験機会をもっと用意する 必要があります そうすることで、多くの人が科学者になりたいと 思うようになるでしょう ナイ: ベッキー、1つ訂正がある 君自身が私たちに情熱をくれた とても楽しかった Polish: Peter, czy zrezygnujesz z codziennej pracy z pająkami i zostaniesz astronautą? Smithers: To byłoby fajne, zostać astronautą-arachnologiem. Przyznaję, że to bardzo kuszące. Ale muszę stwierdzić, że jedzenie nie wygląda zbyt smacznie. Chyba jednak podziękuję. Nye: Gdy mówisz o jedzeniu, masz na myśli to, które je Sunny, czy to, które jedzą pająki? Nie, żartuję, żartuję. Mam nadzieję. To raczej był żart. Becky, czy wierzysz, że dzięki temu więcej ludzi się zaangażuje? Że młodzież zainteresuje się podbojem kosmosu? Parker: To, że eksperymenty tych młodych ludzi doskonale przebiegają na orbicie, niezwykle inspiruje. Na pewno przyciągnie innych uczniów. Musimy dać im okazje do robienia eksperymentów w kosmosie. Tak trzeba zachęcać młodych, by zostali naukowcami. Nye: Becky, musisz przystopować. Daj nam trochę tego swojego entuzjazmu. Naprawdę. To było piękne. English: Peter, are you gonna pack up your day job with spiders and become an astronaut? Smithers: Well, it would be cool to be an arachnological astronaut. I must admit, that's very tempting. But I must confess, the food doesn't sound that wonderful. [laughter] I might pass this once. Nye: Now, when you say "the food," are you talking about what Sunny was eating or what, uh-- the spiders were eating? No, I-I'm kidding, I'm kidding. I hope. Well, I'm sort of kidding. So, uh, Becky, Becky, do you hope this will get more people involved? More people... Young people especially, you want to support space exploration. Parker: Well, I mean, how inspirational that those young people's experiments are up there, working brilliantly. It will surely inspire more people, and we need more opportunities for our students to do experiments in space. I think that's what we need to inspire yet more people to be scientists. Nye: Becky, you got to pull back. You got to give us some enthusiasm. Come on. No, it was fantastic. iw: פיטר, אתה מתכוון לוותר על העבודה הרגילה שלך עם עכבישים ולהפוך לאסטרונאוט? סמית'רס: זה יהיה מגניב, להיות אסטרונאוט שחוקר עכבישים. אני חייב להודות שזה מאוד מפתה. אך עליי להתוודות שהאוכל לא נשמע כל כך נהדר. [צחוק] אז נראה לי שאני אוותר. ניי: כשאתה מדבר על "האוכל", אתה מתכוון למה שסאני אכלה, או למה שהעכבישים אכלו? לא, אני צוחק, אני צוחק. אני מקווה. ובכן, אני פחות או יותר צוחק. בקי, את מקווה שזה יגרום ליותר אנשים להיות מעורבים? במיוחד לאנשים צעירים. את הרי רוצה לקדם את חקר החלל. פארקר: זה כל כך מעורר השראה שהניסויים של האנשים הצעירים האלה נמצאים שם למעלה, ופועלים באופן יוצא דופן. אין ספק שזה יעורר השראה בעוד אנשים. אנחנו זקוקים להזדמנויות נוספות שיאפשרו לתלמידים שלנו לבצע ניסויים בחלל. אני חושבת שזה מה שנחוץ כדי לעודד אנשים נוספים להפוך למדענים. ניי: בקי, את צריכה להתאמץ, את צריכה להראות קצת התלהבות, בחייך. לא, זה היה פנטסטי. Russian: Питер, может, бросишь своих пауков и станешь астронавтом? СМИТЕРС. Было бы неплохо, если бы можно было стать астронавтом-арахнологом. Такая перспектива меня прельщает. Но должен признаться, что мне не очень понравилось их меню. [смех] С ним было бы непросто. НАЙ. А когда вы говорите "меню", вы имеете в виду то, что ела Суни, или то, что ели пауки? Шучу, шучу! Конечно, я шучу. Бекки, как по-вашему, привлечет ли это больше людей? Особенно молодых людей? Ведь вы заинтересованы в развитии исследований космоса. ПАРКЕР. Конечно, это огромный источник вдохновения для других – видеть, что эксперименты этих ребят проводятся в космосе, и проводятся успешно. Конечно же, это послужит хорошим стимулом для других, и нам нужно чаще давать учащимся возможность проводить эксперименты в космосе. Я думаю, так мы сможем привлечь в науку ещё больше перспективной молодежи. НАЙ. Бекки, ваш энтузиазм не знает границ. Дайте нам хотя бы его частицу! Итак, продолжаем. Chinese: Peter 你想要放棄成天與蜘蛛打混的工作 改當個太空人嗎？ 如果我可以當個節肢動物學太空人 那一定會很酷 我得承認那很吸引人 但我也得老實說 食物聽起來不太妙 [笑聲] 我這次要放棄這個選擇 既然你說到了食物 你是指 Sunny 在吃的食物 還是... 蜘蛛吃的食物？ 沒有，我只是在開玩笑 只是玩笑而已啦 Becky，妳希望這會讓更多人 投身太空科學嗎？ 讓更多人... 尤其是年輕人 支持太空探索活動 這些年輕人的實驗 是如此激勵人心 而且成果優異 一定能夠激起更多人的熱情 我們需要為學生提供更多契機 讓他們設計太空中的實驗 我想我們還需要更多這類活動 讓更多人成為科學家 Becky，妳把話題帶回來了 妳帶給我們某種熱誠 好極了 Dutch: Peter, ga je stoppen met je spinnenbaan en astronaut worden? Smithers: Het zou heel cool zijn om een arachnologische astronaut te zijn. Dat klinkt erg aanlokkelijk. Maar ik moet bekennen dat het eten niet zo lekker klinkt. [gelach] Ik sla deze keer maar over, denk ik. Nye: En als je 'het eten' zegt, bedoel je dat wat Sunny at of wat de spinnen aten? Nee, grapje. Grapje. Hoop ik. Een beetje een grapje. Becky, hoop je dat hierdoor meer mensen betrokken raken? Je wilt dat meer mensen, vooral jonge mensen, open staan voor ruimtevaart. Parker: Het is zo inspirerend dat de experimenten van deze jonge mensen daar zijn en perfect werken. Dat zal zeker meer mensen inspireren, en we hebben meer mogelijkheden nodig om leerlingen ruimte-experimenten te laten uitvoeren. Dat hebben we denk ik nodig om nog meer mensen te inspireren wetenschapper te worden. Nye: Becky, je moet een beetje inhouden. Je moet ons wat enthousiasme geven. Kom op, zeg. Nee, het was fantastisch. iw: שאלה אחרונה. פרנק? כל עוד אתה שם, מה אתה מקווה שיהיה השלב הבא בחקר החלל? מה אתה מעריך שיקרה? דה-ווין: ובכן, בחקר החלל, יש כמה דברים שיש לעשות בשלב הבא. דבר ראשון, עלינו להגיע רחוק יותר מהכוכב שלנו. אנחנו צריכים לחזור לירח, למאדים, וכמובן, אנחנו יודעים, שזה ידרוש הרבה משאבים, אז אנחנו צריכים לאחד את כולם ברחבי העולם. יש לנו עכשיו תחנת חלל בינלאומית, אבל יש עדיין כל כך הרבה אומות בעולם שלא משתתפות בחקר החלל, ועלינו לשלב גם אותן. זהו יעד מרכזי של סוכנות החלל האירופאית, לצרף אומות רבות נוספות לעולם המפואר של חקר החלל, של מדע, של השראה לאנשים צעירים, ולהצעיד את הכוכב הזה קדימה. ניי: זה פנטסטי. החלל מוציא מאיתנו את המיטב. הוא מעלה את הציפיות של כל האנשים בעולם, הוא הופך את בני האדם לראויים למקומנו בחלל. זה פנטסטי. תודה רבה לכולכם. Spanish: Um... ¿una última Frank? Frank, mientras que estás allí, ¿qué esperas que ocurra próximamente en la exploración espacial? ¿Qué crees que pasará? De Winne: Bueno, en la exploración espacial, hay un par de cosas que tenemos que hacer a continuación. En primer lugar, tenemos que alejarnos aún más de nuestro planeta. Tenemos que volver a la luna, a Marte, y por supuesto, sabemos que esto requerirá muchos recursos, así que necesitamos unir a todas las personas del mundo. Ahora tenemos una Estación Espacial Internacional, pero hay muchas otras naciones en el mundo que todavía no participan en la exploración espacial, y también necesitamos integrarlas. Este es un gran deseo de nuestra Agencia Espacial Europea, que muchas más naciones se unan a este magnífico mundo de exploración espacial, de ciencia, de inspiración para los jóvenes y que este planeta pueda ir hacia adelante. Nye: Eso es fantástico. Tú sabes, el espacio saca lo mejor de nosotros. Aumenta nuestras expectativas de todas las personas del mundo. Hace que los humanos sean dignos de nuestro lugar en el espacio. Es fantástico. Muchas gracias a todos. Japanese: 最後は、フランク？ フランク、君は 宇宙探査で次に何を望む？ 次は何が起こるだろう？ デ・ウィン: 宇宙探査では 次にやるべきことは2つあります まず、より遠くへ行くこと 月や火星にも行きたい そしてそのためには 多くの資源が必要です だから世界中の人たちをつなぐ 必要があります 今は国際宇宙ステーションがありますが 世界にはもっと多くの国がある まだ宇宙探査には参加していない それらの国々も参加してもらうことが 欧州宇宙機関の大きな願いです より多くの国が 宇宙探査、科学、若い人材育成に 参加してくれることで 地球も進歩するでしょう ナイ: すばらしい 宇宙は最高の研究対象です 世界中の人間が夢を持つことができる 宇宙に出て行く意義が正当化されるのです 本当にすばらしいことです German: Und zum Schluss Frank. Solange Sie noch da sind: Worauf hoffen Sie in der Entwicklung der Raumforschung? Was kommt als Nächstes? In der Raumforschung gibt es einige Punkte, die wir bald erledigen sollten. Erstens müssen wir weiter von unserem Planeten weg. Wir müssen wieder auf den Mond, zum Mars, und weil wir dafür viele Ressourcen benötigen, müssen die Menschen weltweit am gleichen Strang ziehen. Wir haben die ISS, aber allzu viele Nationen in der Welt beteiligen sich noch nicht an Raumfahrt, und sie müssen auch integriert werden. Bei der Europäischen Weltraumbehörde will man viel mehr Nationen an der Raumfahrt, der Wissenschaft, der Begeisterung junger Menschen und am Erfolg für unseren Planeten beteiligen Das ist super. Wisst ihr, das All holt alles aus uns heraus. Es schafft Erwartungen bei allen Menschen auf der Welt. Die Menschen wissen unseren Platz im All zu würdigen. Das ist super. Vielen Dank euch allen. Dutch: Nog eentje. Frank? Frank, als je er nog bent, wat hoop je dat er gaat gebeuren in de ruimtevaart? Wat verwacht je? De Winne: Er zijn een paar dingen in de ruimtevaart die we nu moeten gaan doen. Ten eerste moeten we verder bij onze planeet vandaan zien te komen. We moeten teruggaan naar de maan, naar Mars, en we weten dat daar veel middelen voor nodig zijn, dus hiervoor moeten we iedereen van over de hele wereld samenbrengen. We hebben nu een internationaal ruimtestation, maar er zijn nog zo veel andere landen die niet meedoen aan de ruimtevaart, en we moeten zorgen dat zij ook gaan meedoen. Dat is een grote wens van onze Europese ruimtevaartorganisatie ESA, om veel meer landen samen te brengen in deze prachtige wereld van de ruimtevaart, van wetenschap, van inspiratie voor jonge mensen, en deze planeet verder te brengen. Nye: Dat is fantastisch. De ruimte brengt het beste in ons naar boven. We krijgen hogere verwachtingen van iedereen ter wereld. Wij mensen worden hiermee onze plaats in de ruimte waard. Het is fantastisch. Iedereen heel erg bedankt. Korean: 그러면 마지막으로 Frank씨? Frank씨, 그곳에 있는 동안 다음 우주 탐험에서 무엇을 바라십니까? 어떤 일이 있을 것으로 예상하시나요? 우주 탐험에서 앞으로 해야 할 몇 가지 일들이 있습니다. 우선 우리 행성에서 더 멀리 가야 합니다. 달과 화성에도 다시 가야 합니다. 물론 이렇게 하려면 리소스가 많이 필요하다는 것을 잘 압니다. 그래서 세계 모든 이들을 함께 모아야 해요. 이제 우리에게는 국제 우주 정거장이 있어요. 하지만 세계에는 아직 우주 탐험에 참여하지 않은 나라들이 많습니다. 우리는 그 나라들을 영입해야 합니다. 이것이 바로 유럽 우주 항공국의 큰 바람입니다. 더 많은 국가들을 우주 탐험과 과학과, 젊은이들을 위한 영감과 이 행성을 전진시킬 장대한 세계로 끌어들이는 일이죠. 대단하군요. 우주는 우리의 능력을 최고조로 발휘하게 합니다. 또한 전 세계 모든 이들의 기대치를 높이죠. 그리고 이 지구에 사는 우리 인류가 가치 있게 느껴집니다. 멋져요. 여러분 모두 대단히 감사합니다. Russian: Ещё один участник… Франк? Франк, хочу спросить вас, чего можно ожидать от космических исследований в ближайшем будущем? ДЕ ВИНН. В исследованиях космоса следующее, что мы должны сделать, – уйти дальше от нашей планеты. Мы должны вернуться на Луну и достичь Марса. И конечно, мы понимаем, что для этого понадобится много ресурсов. Поэтому все мировое сообщество должно объединить усилия. Сейчас у нас есть Международная космическая станция, но в мире ещё так много стран, которые не принимают участия в исследовании космоса! Мы бы хотели задействовать их потенциал. Европейское космическое агентство очень заинтересовано в том, чтобы привлечь больше государств к исследованию Вселенной, к участию в научных проектах, которые расширяют кругозор молодого поколения и двигают нашу цивилизацию вперед. НАЙ. Фантастика! Космос помогает раскрыть наши лучшие качества. И вселяет веру во все человечество. Он делает нас достойными нашего места во Вселенной. Это великолепно! Большое спасибо вам всем. Arabic: إمم، وأخيرًا، فرانك؟ فرانك، عندما كنت هناك، ما الذي تتمنى تحقيقه بعد ذلك في مجال استكشاف الفضاء؟ ما الذي يمكن توقعه قريبًا؟ دي وين:، في مجال استكشاف الفضاء، هناك أمران نحتاج إلى تنفيذهما بعد ذلك. أولاً نحتاج إلى أن نبتعد في الاستكشافات عن كوكبنا. نحتاج إلى أن نعود إلى القمر وإلى كوكب المريخ، ونحن نعلم بالطبع أن ذلك سيتطلب الكثير من الموارد، لذا نحن بحاجة إلى تكاتف جميع المعنيين من حول العالم. لدينا الآن محطة فضاء دولية (ISS)، لكن هناك الكثير من الأمم الأخرى في العالم التي لا تزال لا تشارك في استكشاف الفضاء، ونحتاج أيضًا إلى إشراكها في ذلك. هذه هي الأمنية التي ترجو وكالة الفضاء الأوروبية أن تتحقق، أن تنجذب المزيد من الأمم إلى عالم استكشاف الفضاء الرائع، وإلى العلم، وإلى إلهام الشباب، وإلى دفع هذا الكوكب مرة أخرى إلى الأمام. ناي: هذا مدهش. أتعلم أن الفضاء يبرز أفضل ما فينا. ويزيد من توقعاتنا لجميع من في العالم. فهو يجعل البشر جديرين بشغل مكان في الفضاء. هذا مدهش. شكرًا جزيلاً لكم جميعًا. Italian: Ehm, un'ultima parola, Frank? Frank, tanto che c'è, cosa spera per il futuro dell'esplorazione spaziale? Che cosa pensa che succederà? De Winne: Beh, nell'esplorazione spaziale ci sono un paio di aspetti che dovremo considerare. Prima di tutto dobbiamo allontanarci molto dal nostro pianeta. Dobbiamo tornare sulla luna, andare su Marte e ovviamente sappiamo che ciò richiederà molte risorse, quindi dobbiamo mettere d'accordo tutto il mondo. Ora abbiamo una Stazione Spaziale Internazionale, ma ci sono così tante altre nazioni nel mondo che ancora non partecipano all'esplorazione spaziale, e abbiamo bisogno anche di loro. È grande desiderio dell'Agenzia Spaziale Europea far entrare molte più nazioni nel magnifico mondo dell'esplorazione spaziale, della scienza, dell'ispirazione per i giovani, e rimettere in moto questo pianeta. Nye: Fantastico. Sapete, lo spazio tira fuori il meglio di noi. Migliora le nostre aspettative nei confronti di tutti gli uomini. Rende l'uomo degno del suo posto nello spazio. È fantastico. Grazie mille a tutti. French: Adressons-nous à Frank… Frank, quels sont vos souhaits pour l'exploration de l'espace ? Que voudriez-vous voir arriver ? Concernant l'exploration de l'espace, il y a deux ou trois choses que nous devons faire. D'abord, nous éloigner de notre planète. Retourner sur la Lune, explorer la planète Mars… Bien sûr, nous savons que cela nécessitera de nombreuses ressources. Nous devons donc tous nous associer. Nous disposons certes de la Station spatiale internationale, mais il y a encore aujourd'hui de nombreuses nations qui ne participent pas à l'exploration de l'espace. Nous devons donc les intégrer. C'est un grand souhait de l'Agence spatiale européenne, que de réunir davantage de pays dans l'incroyable aventure qu'est l'exploration de l'espace. Et ainsi inciter la jeune génération à respecter davantage notre planète. Fantastique ! L'espace fait de nous des gens meilleurs. Il élève nos idéaux et nous fait apprécier davantage notre planète. C'est fantastique. Merci à vous tous. Czech: A poslední – Franku? Franku, jestli se slyšíme, jaké jsou nejbližší plány ve vesmírném výzkumu? Co nás čeká? De Winne: Ve vesmíru teď potřebujeme uskutečnit několik věcí. Nejprve potřebujeme cestovat dále od Země. Musíme se vrátit na Měsíc, letět na Mars, což bude samozřejmě vyžadovat spoustu prostředků, takže se na tom musí podílet celý svět. Teď máme Mezinárodní vesmírnou stanici, ale na světě je stále ještě dost národů, které se na výzkumu nepodílí, a my potřebujeme zapojit i je. To je velký sen Evropské kosmické agentury: přivést co nejvíce národů do úžasného světa objevování vesmíru, do světa vědy, inspirovat mladé lidi a znovu lidstvo nasměrovat k objevování vesmíru. Nye: To je vynikající. Vesmír v nás probouzí to nejlepší. Zvyšuje nároky na všechny lidi světa. Umožňuje nám zasloužit si své místo ve vesmíru. To je prostě skvělé. Děkujeme mnohokrát. Spanish: ¿Una última pregunta, Frank? Frank, mientras estás allí, ¿qué esperas que ocurra próximamente en el ámbito de la exploración espacial? ¿Qué crees que será lo siguiente? De Winne: Bueno, hay un par de cosas que tenemos que hacer en exploración espacial. En primer lugar, tenemos que alejarnos más de nuestro planeta. Tenemos que volver a la Luna, a Marte y, por supuesto, sabemos que harán faltan muchos recursos para eso, así que necesitamos unir a todos los países del mundo. Nosotros tenemos una estación espacial internacional, pero hay muchos países en el mundo que no participan en la exploración espacial, y tenemos que integrar a esos países. Es un gran deseo de la Agencia Espacial Europea integrar a muchas más naciones en el magnífico mundo de la exploración espacial, de la ciencia y de la inspiración de los jóvenes y conseguir que este planeta vaya hacia adelante. Nye: Eso es fantástico. El espacio saca lo mejor de nosotros. Aumenta nuestras expectativas con todo el mundo. Hace que el ser humano sea digno de su lugar en el espacio. Es fantástico. Muchas gracias a todos. Polish: Ostatnie pytanie. Frank? Frank, póki jesteś z nami, jak według ciebie potoczy się podbój kosmosu? Co będzie dalej? De Winne: W podboju kosmosu mamy teraz parę rzeczy do zrobienia. Po pierwsze musimy oddalić się od naszej planety. Wrócić na Księżyc, polecieć na Marsa. To oczywiście wymaga wielu zasobów, dlatego cały świat musi działać razem. Mamy Międzynarodową Stację Kosmiczną, ale wiele państw wciąż nie bierze udziału w badaniach kosmosu, więc trzeba je zaangażować. To wielki plan Europejskiej Agencji Kosmicznej, by więcej krajów dołączyło do ambitnych przedsięwzięć, jakimi są podbój kosmosu, badania naukowe, inspirowanie młodzieży i przyczynianie się do rozwoju naszej planety. Nye: Fantastycznie. Kosmos sprawia, że dajemy z siebie wszystko. Zwiększa nasze oczekiwania wobec każdego na świecie. Ludzkość zasługuje na swoje miejsce w kosmosie. To wspaniałe. Bardzo wszystkim dziękuję. Portuguese: Frank? Frank, enquanto está aí, qual o próximo passo da exploração espacial? O que você imagina? De Winne: Na exploração espacial, há algumas coisas que precisamos fazer. Primeiro, precisamos nos afastar da Terra. Precisamos voltar à Lua, a Marte e, é claro, sei que isso exigirá muitos recursos. Por isso, precisamos reunir o mundo. Temos uma Estação Espacial Internacional, mas muitas nações no mundo ainda não participam da exploração espacial, e também precisamos integrá-los. É desejo da agência espacial europeia trazer mais nações a este mundo magnífico da exploração espacial, da ciência, da inspiração de jovens para levar nosso planeta adiante. Nye: Fantástico. O espaço extrai o melhor de nós. Aumenta nossas expectativas em relação a todo mundo. Torna os humanos dignos de um lugar no espaço. É fantástico. Obrigado a todos vocês. Chinese: 最後一位... Frank? Frank，你還在線上 你希望太空探索的下一步是什麼？ 你期待什麼事情發生？ 在太空探索活動中 有許多事情必須接著完成 首先，我們必須更進一步離開地球 我們必須重返月球，前往火星 還有，當然 這會需要大量資源 所以我們必須讓世界上所有人同心協力 我們現在有了國際太空站 但是世界上仍有許多國家 並未參與太空探索活動 我們必須整合這些國家 這是歐洲太空總署的宏大願景 將更多國家帶入這個廣闊世界 促進太空探索、科學發展 進一步激勵年輕人 帶領地球邁向下一步 真是太棒了 太空為人類帶來了許多最棒的事物 提升了人類對於世界上所有人的期望 讓人類在太空中的地位更具價值 非常棒 相當謝謝各位 English: Um, one last--Frank? Frank, while you're there, what do you hope for next in space exploration? What do you see coming up? De Winne: Well, in space exploration, there are a couple of things that we need to do next. First of all, we need to go further away from our planet. We need to go back to the moon, to Mars, and of course, we know that this will require a lot of resources, so we need to bring everybody around the world together. We now have an international space station, but there are so many other nations still in the world that do not participate in space exploration, and we also need to integrate them. This is a big wish of our European Space Agency, to bring a lot more nations into this magnificent world of space exploration, of science, of inspiration for young people, and of bringing this planet back forward. Nye: That's fantastic. You know, space brings out the best in us. It raises our expectations of everybody in the world. It makes humans worthy of our place in space. It's fantastic. Thank you all very much. Spanish: Gracias por venir. Con esto llegamos al final de nuestra emisión en directo, pero aún nos queda tiempo para dar las gracias a Sunny, nuestra astronauta, a la NASA, a Space Adventures, a la JAXA (la Agencia de Exploración Espacial Japonesa), a la ESA (la Agencia Espacial Europea), a Lenovo y, por supuesto, a todos vosotros por ver y subir vuestros vídeos e ideas para el concurso. Space Lab no acaba aquí. Nada de eso. Gracias a YouTube para centros educativos, tu centro puede registrarse para acceder a Space Lab, así como a miles de vídeos gratuitos, educativos y de gran calidad en YouTube. Solo hay que hacer clic en el enlace en el canal para obtener más información. Queremos convertirlo en el sitio de Internet número uno para estar al día de todas las noticias científicas, así que no olvides consultar el sitio regularmente. Vamos a terminar este programa con el homenaje de Space Lab a una leyenda. Estoy seguro de que todos sabéis que la ciencia y la exploración espacial han perdido recientemente a un verdadero icono. Tenía 13 años y estaba de rodillas mirando la televisión en blanco y negro Italian: Grazie per aver partecipato. E così siamo giunti alla fine del nostro stream in diretta. Abbiamo giusto il tempo per ringraziare Sunny, la nostra astronauta, la NASA, Space Adventures, JAXA, la Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency, l'ESA, l'Agenzia Spaziale Europea, Lenovo e naturalmente tutti voi ragazzi per aver guardato e caricato video e idee per il concorso. Space Lab non finisce oggi. Oh, no. Con YouTube per le scuole, la vostra scuola può registrarsi per accedere a Space Lab e a migliaia di video educativi di alta qualità e gratuiti su YouTube. Seguite il link sul canale per saperne di più. Vogliamo trasformarlo nel punto di riferimento online per tenersi aggiornati su tutte le notizie scientifiche, quindi ricordatevi di continuare a visitarlo. Stiamo per chiudere con il tributo di Space Lab a una leggenda. Sono sicuro che sapete tutti che la scienza e l'esplorazione spaziale di recente hanno perso una vera icona. Quando avevo 13 anni sono stato inginocchiato davanti a un televisore in bianco e nero Arabic: نشكركم على المشاركة. ينتقل بنا ذلك إلى نهاية البث المباشر. وهناك القليل من الوقت لنشكر ساني، رائدة الفضاء، ووكالة ناسا، وSpace Adventures ووكالة استكشاف الفضاء اليابانية JAXA، ووكالة الفضاء الأوروبية ESA، وLenovo وبالطبع أنتم أيها الشباب لمتابعتنا وتحميل مقاطع الفيديو والمشاركة بأفكاركم في المسابقة. إن معمل الفضاء لن ينتهي اليوم. أوه، لا. فمن خلال YouTube للمؤسسات التعليمية، يمكن لمؤسستك التعليمية الاشتراك للدخول إلى معمل الفضاء إلى جانب الآلاف من مقاطع الفيديو التعليمية عالية الجودة المجانية على YouTube. اتبع الرابط على القناة للمزيد. نحن نريد أن نجعله مكانًا نحتفظ فيه بجميع الأمور العلمية الحديثة عبر الإنترنت، لذا احرص على الاطلاع باستمرار. سينتهي البرنامج الآن إن معمل الفضاء هو نتاج أسطورة. أنا متأكد أنكم جميعًا تعرفونه. لقد فقد العلم ومجال استكشاف الفضاء مؤخرًا أحد الرموز المهمة. فكنت أتابع بشغف وأنا في سن 13 عامًا، التليفزيون وهو أبيض وأسود، Japanese: 今日はありがとうございました さあそろそろお別れです 最後に感謝します 宇宙飛行士のサニー、 NASA、スペースアドベンチャー、 JAXA、宇宙航空研究開発機構、 ESA、欧州宇宙機関、 Lenovo、視聴されている皆さん、 コンテストに応募してくれた皆さん スペースラボは今日で終わりではありません YouTube for Schoolsを通じて 学校が登録すれば スペースラボだけではなく、何千、何万もの 高品質の教育動画を無料で見られます 詳しくはチャンネルのリンクからご覧ください 私たちはここをオンラインでの 最新の科学に触れる場所にしたいので 常にチェックしてくださいね そろそろお別れです 最後にスペースラボから先人への賛辞をひとつ ご存じのように 科学や宇宙探査は昔ほど人気がありません 13歳の頃、白黒テレビで 宇宙探査に憧れていた私は Spanish: Gracias por venir. Esto nos lleva al final de nuestra transmisión en directo. Y todavía tenemos tiempo de agradecer a Sunny, nuestra astronauta, la NASA, Space Adventures, JAXA, la Agencia Japonesa de Exploración Aeroespacial, ESA, la Agencia Espacial Europea, Lenovo, y por supuesto, a todos ustedes por mirar y subir sus videos e ideas para la competencia. Laboratorio espacial no termina hoy. Claro que no. Con YouTube para centros educativos, tu escuela puede inscribirse para acceder al laboratorio espacial además de a miles de videos educativos de alta calidad gratuitos en YouTube. Simplemente sigan el vínculo en el canal para saber más. Queremos que el lugar esté en línea para mantenernos actualizados con todas las cosas científicas, así que asegúrense de inscribirse. Vamos a terminar ahora con nuestro tributo del laboratorio espacial a una leyenda. Estoy seguro de que todos saben que la ciencia y la exploración espacial perdieron a un verdadero ícono recientemente. Yo estaba de rodillas a los 13 años, mirando la televisión en blanco y negro, Chinese: 感謝大家蒞臨 我們的即時串流已經進入尾聲 趁著時間還夠 我要感謝太空人 Sunny NASA、Space Adventures JAXA，宇宙航空研究開發機構 ESA，歐洲太空總署 Lenovo，收看直播的各位 還有上傳競賽影片與想法的各位 太空實驗室還沒結束 糟糕 還要感謝 YouTube 校園版 貴校可以申請存取太空實驗室影片 還有上千部免費優質的 YouTube 教育影片 如要瞭解詳情 請追蹤頻道上的連結 我們希望太空實驗室能夠成為 持續更新科學相關影片的好地方 別忘了回來看看 我們即將結束直播 但太空實驗室現在要向一位傳奇人物致敬 各位一定都知道是誰 科學與太空探索界 最近失去了一位代表性人物 我 13 歲的時候 跪在地上盯著黑白電視機 Korean: 나와 주셔서 감사합니다. 이제 라이브스트림을 끝낼 때가 되었네요. 모든 관계자 여러분께 감사드립니다. 우주비행사 Sunny씨, NASA, Space Adventures, 일본 항공 우주 탐험국 JAXA, 유럽 우주 항공국 ESA, Lenovo, 그리고 동영상을 보고, 업로드하고 대회에 아이디어를 내주신 모든 분들께 감사드립니다. 우주 실험실은 오늘 끝나지 않습니다. 여러분의 학교에서 학교용 YouTube에 가입하면 우주 실험실뿐 아니라 YouTube의 수많은 고급 교육용 동영상을 보실 수 있습니다. 자세한 내용을 보려면 채널의 링크를 따라가세요. 이 웹페이지에 모든 최신 과학 정보를 담아 온라인의 '잇 플레이스'로 만들 계획입니다. 그러니 계속 확인해 보세요. 이제 우주 실험실에서 전설적인 인물 한 분을 추모하며 이 시간을 마무리 지을까 합니다. 여러분도 모두 아시다시피 최근에 과학과 우주 탐사의 아이콘이었던 우주 비행사 한 분을 잃었습니다. 저는 13살 때 무릎을 꿇고 앉아서 흑백 TV를 보고 있었죠. English: Thank you for coming. It brings us to the end of our livestream. And there's just enough time to thank Sunny, our astronaut, NASA, Space Adventures, JAXA, the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency, ESA, the European Space Agency, Lenovo, and of course, all of you guys for watching and uploading your videos and ideas for the competition. Space Lab does not end today. Oh, no. With YouTube for Schools, your school can sign up to access Space Lab as well as thousands of free, high quality, educational videos on YouTube. Just follow the link on the channel for more. We want to make it the place online to keep up to date with all things scientific, so make sure you keep checking in. We're gonna sign off now with our Space Lab tribute to a legend. I'm sure you're all aware, science and space exploration lost a true icon recently. I was on my knees as a 13-year-old, looking at the black-and-white television, Dutch: Hartelijk dank voor jullie komst. We zijn hiermee bij het eind van onze livestream gekomen. Er is nog net genoeg tijd om Sunny te bedanken, onze astronaute, NASA, Space Adventures, JAXA, de Japanse ruimtevaartorganisatie, ESA, de Europese ruimtevaartorganisatie, Lenovo, en natuurlijk jullie allemaal voor het kijken en het uploaden van je video's en ideeën voor de wedstrijd. Dit is niet het einde van Space Lab. O, nee. Via YouTube voor scholen kan je school zich registreren voor toegang tot Space Lab en duizenden educatieve video's van hoge kwaliteit, gratis op YouTube. Volg de link in het kanaal voor meer informatie. We willen van dit kanaal dé plaats maken om op de hoogte te blijven van wetenschap, dus kom regelmatig terug. We gaan hier afsluiten met ons Space Lab-eerbetoon aan een legende. Jullie weten allemaal vast dat de wetenschap en ruimtevaart kort geleden een waar icoon zijn kwijtgeraakt. Ik zat als dertienjarige op mijn knieën voor de zwart-wittelevisie, Polish: Dziękuję za udział. Nasz program zbliża się ku końcowi. Mamy dość czasu, by podziękować astronautce Sunny, NASA, Space Adventures, JAXA, czyli Japońskiej Agencji Eksploracji Przestrzeni Kosmicznej, ESA, czyli Europejskiej Agencji Kosmicznej, Lenovo oraz oczywiście wszystkim, którzy nas oglądali lub przesłali filmy z pomysłami na konkurs. To jeszcze nie koniec Space Lab, o nie. Szkoły mogą rejestrować się w YouTube dla Szkół, by bezpłatnie korzystać z materiałów Space Lab i tysięcy świetnych filmów edukacyjnych w YouTube. Wystarczy kliknąć link na kanale. Będziemy publikować na nim aktualności ze świata nauki, więc warto do nas zaglądać. Kończymy nasz program o Space Lab, oddając hołd legendzie. Jak pewnie wszyscy wiecie, szeregi naukowców i badaczy kosmosu opuścił niedawno wybitny człowiek. Jako 13-latek oglądałem go, siedząc przed czarno-białym telewizorem, French: Merci d'avoir été avec nous. C'est à présent la fin de notre émission. Il me reste tout juste assez de temps pour remercier Sunny, notre astronaute, la NASA, Space Adventures, JAXA, l'Agence japonaise d'exploration spatiale, l'Agence spatiale européenne, Lenovo, et bien sûr, tous les téléspectateurs et participants du concours. Space Lab ne s'arrête pas là. Grâce à YouTube pour les écoles, votre école peut s'inscrire pour accéder à Space Lab, ainsi qu'à des milliers de vidéos éducatives disponibles gratuitement sur YouTube. Pour en savoir plus, cliquez sur le lien de cette chaîne YouTube. Nous souhaitons en faire une chaîne d'éducation scientifique, alors consultez-la régulièrement. Nous allons terminer cette émission en rendant hommage à une légende. Comme vous le savez, l'aérospatiale vient de perdre l'une de ses figures les plus emblématiques. Je me revois encore à 13 ans, ébahi devant mon écran en noir et blanc… iw: תודה על ההשתתפות שלכם. אנחנו מתקרבים לסוף השידור החי שלנו, ויש מספיק זמן רק כדי להודות לסאני האסטרונאוטית שלנו, ל-NASA, לחברת Space Adventures, ל-JAXA, סוכנות החלל היפנית, ל-ESA, סוכנות החלל האירופאית, ללנובו, וכמובן, לכם, שצפיתם והעליתם את הסרטונים והרעיונות שלכם לתחרות. 'מעבדת החלל' לא מסתיימת היום. ממש לא. באמצעות 'YouTube עבור בתי ספר', בית הספר שלכם יכול להירשם לקבלת גישה ל'מעבדת החלל', ולאלפי סרטונים חינוכיים באיכות גבוהה ללא תשלום ב-YouTube. פשוט לחצו על הקישור שבערוץ לקבלת מידע נוסף. אנחנו רוצים להפוך אותו למקום המרכזי באינטרנט שבו מתעדכנים בכל הדברים המדעיים, אז הקפידו להמשיך לבקר בו. אנחנו צריכים לסיים עכשיו, עם מחווה של 'מעבדת החלל' לאגדה. אני בטוח שכולכם יודעים שהמדע וחקר החלל, איבדו גיבור חשוב לאחרונה. אני ישבתי אז על הברכיים, בגיל 13, צופה בטלוויזיה בשחור לבן, Portuguese: Obrigado pela participação. Este é o final de nossa transmissão ao vivo. Temos tempo apenas para agradecer Sunny, nossa astronauta, NASA, Space Adventures, JAXA, a agência de exploração aeroespacial japonesa, ESA, a Agência Espacial Europeia, Lenovo e, claro, todos vocês por assistirem e por enviarem seus vídeos e ideias para o concurso. O Laboratório espacial não termina hoje. Com o YouTube para escolas, sua escola pode se inscrever para acessar o Laboratório espacial, bem como milhares de vídeos educacionais gratuitos e de alta qualidade no YouTube. Siga o link no canal para saber mais. Queremos tornar o local on-line para ficar ligado no mundo da ciência. Por isso, não deixe de acessar. Vamos terminar por aqui com nosso tributo a uma lenda. Sei que todos já sabem, a ciência e a exploração espacial perderam recentemente um ícone. Eu estava de joelhos aos 13 anos, olhando uma TV em preto e branco, Czech: Děkujeme za rozhovor. Tím se blížíme ke konci našeho přenosu. A zbývá čas tak akorát na to, abychom poděkovali astronautce Sunny, NASA, společnosti Space Adventures, japonské agentuře pro výzkum vesmíru JAXA, evropské agentuře ESA, společnosti Lenovo a samozřejmě vám všem za to, že jste se dívali a nahrávali videa do soutěže. Projekt Space Lab tímto nekončí. Kdepak. V programu YouTube pro školy může vaše škola získat nejen přístup do projektu Space Lab, ale také tisíce kvalitních výukových videí zdarma na YouTube. Další informace získáte kliknutím na odkaz v kanálu. Chceme vytvořit prostředí online, kde bude možné sledovat vědecký pokrok, takže nás nezapomeňte sledovat. Nyní se za projekt Space Lab rozloučíme poctou jedné legendě. Jistě všichni víte, že věda a výzkum vesmíru nedávno ztratily opravdového hrdinu. Bylo mi třináct let, když jsem tehdy klečel u černobílé televize, German: Danke, dass ihr gekommen seid. Damit kommen wir zum Ende unseres Livestreams. Es bleibt gerade genug Zeit, um Astronautin Sunny, der NASA, Space Adventures, der japanischen Weltraumforschungsbehörde JAXA, der europäischen Raumfahrtbehörde ESA, Lenovo und natürlich euch allen fürs Zusehen und für eure Videos und Ideen für den Wettbewerb zu danken. Space Lab ist damit nicht zu Ende. Via YouTube für Schulen können eure Schulen Space Lab und Tausende weiterer spannende Videos für den Unterricht auf YouTube aufrufen. Folgt dem Link im Kanal, um mehr zu erfahren. Space Lab soll die Online-Anlaufstelle für aktuelle Infos zu Wissenschaftsthemen werden. Bleibt also am Ball. Wir verabschieden uns mit einer Verneigung vor einer Legende. Wie ihr alle wisst, haben Wissenschaft und Raumfahrt kürzlich ein Idol verloren. Als 13-Jähriger saß ich beeindruckt vor dem Schwarz-Weiß-Fernseher, Russian: Спасибо, что пришли. На этом наша трансляция заканчивается. У нас остается время поблагодарить нашего астронавта Суни, НАСА, Space Adventures, Японское космическое агентство (JAXA), Европейское космическое агентство (ESA), компанию Lenovo и, конечно, всех вас за то, что были с нами и загружали свои видео и идеи для конкурса. Космическая лаборатория на этом не заканчивается! Нет! Зарегистрируйте свою школу или вуз в YouTube для учебных заведений, чтобы получить доступ к Космической лаборатории и тысячам бесплатных обучающих видео на YouTube. Перейдите по ссылке на странице канала, чтобы увидеть больше. Мы планируем сообщать на этом канале обо всех новейших достижениях и научных открытиях, поэтому не забывайте заходить на нашу страницу. И в завершение нашего эфира мы бы хотели отдать дань уважения человеку, ставшему легендой. Я уверен, вы все знаете, что космические исследования и наука в целом понесли недавно тяжелую утрату. Помню, как я, будучи 13-летним мальчишкой, сидя на коленках, смотрел черно-белый телевизор, Spanish: y ahora soy el Director ejecutivo de la Sociedad Planetaria. Y todo empezó con una persona que, el 20 de julio de 1969, con un pequeño paso para el hombre, cambió la forma en la que observamos nuestro lugar en el espacio. Nos cambió. Nos cambió para siempre. Muchas gracias a todos por estar ahí. Soy Bill Nye, y nos veremos la próxima vez en YouTube Space Lab. Armstrong: Este es un pequeño paso para el hombre... Korean: 그리고 지금 저는 미 행성협회의 CEO가 되었습니다. 모든 것이 1969년 7월 20일에 있었던 하나의 작은 발걸음에서 시작했습니다. 한 사람이 우리가 우주 속의 지구를 보는 방법을 바꾸었습니다. 우리를 바꾸었죠. 우리 모두를 영원히 바꾸었습니다. 모두 시청해 주셔서 대단히 감사합니다. 저는 Bill Nye였습니다. 다음 번 YouTube 우주 실험실에서 다시 만나요. 이것은 한 사람에게는 작은 한 걸음에 지나지 않지만 Spanish: y ahora soy el CEO de la Sociedad Planetaria. Y todo comenzó con un hombre que, el 20 de julio de 1969, con un pequeño paso para un hombre, cambió nuestra manera de mirar nuestro lugar en el espacio. Nos cambió. Nos cambió para siempre. Así que muchas gracias a todos por mirarnos. Soy Bill Nye, y nos vemos la próxima en el laboratorio espacial de YouTube. Armstrong: Es un pequeño paso para un hombre... iw: וכיום אני המנכ"ל של האגודה הפלנטרית, והכל התחיל עם בחור, שב-20 ביולי, 1969, באמצעות צעד קטן לאדם, שינה את האופן שבו אנחנו רואים את מקומנו בחלל. המאורע הזה שינה אותנו. הוא שינה את כולנו לנצח. אז תודה רבה לכולכם שצפיתם בנו. אני ביל ניי, ואנחנו נתראה בפעם הבאה, במעבדת החלל של YouTube. ארמסטרונג: זהו צעד קטן לאדם, French: Et aujourd'hui, me voilà directeur de la Planetary Society. Et tout ça, c'est grâce à cet homme, qui, le 20 juillet 1969, en posant le pied sur la Lune, a changé pour toujours notre vision de l'espace. Le monde ne sera plus jamais le même. Merci à tous d'avoir regardé cette émission. C'était Bill Nye, je vous dis à bientôt sur YouTube Space Lab. Un petit pas pour l'homme, Russian: а сейчас я – президент Планетарного общества. А началось все с того, что обычный житель Земли 20 июля 1969 года сделал небольшой шаг, который навсегда изменил наш взгляд на космос. Изменил нас. Он изменил нас навсегда. Благодарю вас всех за то, что вы были с нами. Меня зовут Билл Най, увидимся в Космической лаборатории YouTube! Нил Армстронг: "Это один маленький шаг для человека… Italian: e ora sono CEO della Planetary Society. E tutto è iniziato con un uomo che, il 20 luglio del 1969, con un piccolo passo per un uomo ha cambiato il nostro modo di guardare il nostro posto nello spazio. Ci ha cambiati. Ci ha cambiati per sempre. Quindi grazie mille a tutti per averci seguiti. Sono Bill Nye, alla prossima su YouTube Space Lab. Armstrong: Un piccolo passo per l'uomo... Japanese: 今では惑星協会のCEOです そしてすべてが始まったのは 1969年の7月20日です 小さな一歩を 踏み出した男が 私たちの地球の見方を変えました 私たちを永遠に変えました ご視聴ありがとうございました ビル・ナイでした スペースラボで またお会いしましょう アームストロング: ひとりの人間にとっては 小さな一歩だが Dutch: en nu ben ik de directeur van de Planetary Society. En het begon allemaal met een man die op 20 juli 1969 met één kleine stap voor een mens de manier veranderde waarop we onze plaats in de ruimte zien. Het heeft ons veranderd. Het heeft ons voor altijd veranderd. Dus allemaal heel erg bedankt voor het kijken. Ik ben Bill Nye, en tot de volgende keer bij YouTube Space Lab. Armstrong: Dat is één kleine stap voor de mens... Arabic: وأنا الآن المدير التنفيذي لمنظمة Planetary Society. وذلك كله بدأ عندما استطاع شخص، في 20 تموز (يوليو) من عام 1969، أن يخطو خطوة صغيرة، غيّرت الطريقة التي ننظر بها إلى مكاننا في الفضاء. غيّرتنا. غيّرتنا إلى الأبد. لذا أشكركم جميعًا شكرًا جزيلاً لمتابعتنا. أنا بيل ناي، أراكم المرة المقبلة على معمل فضاء YouTube. أرمسترونغ: خطى خطوة صغيرة لشخص... Czech: a teď jsem ředitelem Planetary Society. A všechno to začalo člověkem, který 20. července 1969 malým krůčkem pro člověka změnil způsob, jakým vnímáme své místo ve vesmíru. Změnil nás všechny. Změnil nás jednou provždy. Všem vám velmi děkuji za pozornost. Jsem Bill Nye a těším se na viděnou v dalším vysílání YouTube Space Lab. Armstrong: Je to jen malý krůček pro člověka... English: and now I'm the CEO of The Planetary Society. And it all started with a guy who, on the 20th of July, 1969, with one small footstep for a man, changed the way we look at our place in space. It changed us. It changed ourselves forever. So thank you all very much for watching. I'm Bill Nye, and we'll see you next time on YouTube Space Lab. Armstrong: That's one small step for a man... Portuguese: e hoje sou o CEO da Planetary Society. E tudo começou com um cara que, no dia 20 de julho de 1969, com um pequeno passo para um homem, mudou a forma como olhamos nosso lugar no espaço. Aquilo nos mudou para sempre. Então, obrigado por assistir. Sou Bill Nye, e até a próxima no Laboratório espacial do YouTube. Armstrong: É um pequeno passo para um homem, Chinese: 如今我已是行星學會的執行長 這一切都從 1969 年 7 月 20 日開始 有一個人 邁出了一個人的一小步 卻改變了全人類 對自己在太空中定位的看法 改變了我們 也永遠改變了人類本身 非常感謝各位的觀賞 我是 Bill Nye YouTube 太空實驗室 我們下次見 這是一個人的一小步... Polish: a teraz jestem prezesem The Planetary Society. Wszystko zaczęło się dzięki człowiekowi, który 20 lipca 1969 r. jednym małym krokiem zmienił sposób, w jaki patrzymy na nasze miejsce w kosmosie. To nas zmieniło. Zmieniło nas na zawsze. Bardzo dziękujemy wszystkim za uwagę. Jestem Bill Nye, do zobaczenia następnym razem w YouTube Space Lab. Armstrong: To jeden mały krok dla człowieka... German: heute leite ich die Planetary Society. Alles begann damals mit jemandem, der am 20. Juli 1969 einen kleinen Schritt für einen Menschen tat und so unser Weltbild veränderte. Das hat uns verändert. Und zwar für immer. Vielen Dank fürs Zusehen. Ich bin Bill Nye. Bis zum nächsten Mal auf YouTube Space Lab. Das ist ein kleiner Schritt für den Menschen, Arabic: لكنها خطوة هائلة للبشرية. لقد أتينا نحمل السلام للبشر جميعًا. Korean: 인류에게는 위대한 도약이다. 우리는 모든 인류의 평화를 위해 이곳에 왔다. Russian: но гигантский скачок для всего человечества. Мы пришли с миром от всего человечества". Polish: ...ale wielki skok dla ludzkości. Przybywamy w pokoju dla dobra całej ludzkości. Japanese: 人類にとっては偉大な飛躍だ 全人類の平和を求めてここに来た Italian: un grande balzo per l'umanità. Siamo venuti in pace per l'intera umanità. German: aber ein riesiger Sprung für die Menschheit. Wir kamen in Frieden für die ganze Menschheit. Spanish: Pero un gran salto para la humanidad. Vinimos en paz en nombre de toda la humanidad. Dutch: een reusachtige sprong voor de mensheid. We kwamen in vrede voor de hele mensheid. English: one giant leap for mankind. We came in peace for all mankind. Spanish: un gran salto para la humanidad. Vinimos en paz para toda la humanidad. Portuguese: mas um grande salto para a humanidade. Viemos em paz para toda a humanidade. Czech: ...ale obrovský skok pro lidstvo. Přicházíme v míru jménem celého lidstva. Chinese: 卻是全人類的一大步 我們為了全人類的和平而來 French: un grand pas pour l'humanité. Nous sommes venus en paix, au nom de toute l'humanité. iw: וצעד גדול לאנושות. פנינו לשלום עבור כל בני האדם.

Hey Everyone welcome back My name is Jason Silberman and Today we're gonna be talking about the five books That Every magician Should own There's an old quote That Says if you want to keep something a Secret put it in a book and That's where all the best tricks are magic Books a Lot of Magic Books are disappearing From Shelves Because the digital age in the Magic World is reaching a New high in this video i'm gonna tell you the top five books That you Should Get Before They're Gone Number five is Mark Wilson's Course in magic this book Was My Starter This book has Everything It Talks about rope Magic Mentalism Card Magic coin Magic stage Magic Illusions Everything You could Possibly want to know to start out a Magic i still go back to this book Every time to find new and interesting Ideas Next Up is for the more serious performer and it's Show doctor by Jeff mcBride This is a Phenomenal book i Always Reread These Books and like With Every book in this video i always go back to them because There's so much more Information Show doctor is a book that provides you with information on making The Magic that you already have that Much Better Jeff Goes into details on what tables to have What Kind of tricks to do the Way to script your Work How to travel with props and so Much more it's a Bit pricey but it's definitely Worth It if you're serious about magic Number three is the tarbell Series as we Know Dan Harlan has Been Doing his tarbell Series but This is where it starts if you Buy all These Books you literally Have Every trick You could Possibly want to know i Definitely Recommend That You Go out and buy the books Because They are resources that you can create New tricks from as well Number two is Blomberg Laboratories By Andy Gladwyn I Put a Review of This video Up so you can Check Out some more information on it but i don't need to say Any more It is a Phenomenal book There is card tricks Mathematics tricks Rubber Band tricks anything You Possibly want to know for the really serious performer There's some Knuckle busting Moves But They're Really Really awesome Check out my Review to learn more Number One is my favorite book Maximum entertainment By Ken Weber This is Awesome This Is a Master Class and how to be a performer there's no tricks taught in the book it's all about How to take Your performance to the next level and maximize your entertainment like with the other book i did post a review and I definitely recommend that You go and Check that out if you want to know more about this book well there you go those are My top five favorite Magic Books i go back to them all the time and Listen When you have a Magic book it's there Forever so make sure that you find your favorite magic Books as Well comment Below of What Your favorite Magic Books are and As Always If you like What you see and you want to see more hit the subscribe button down below i'll see you next time

MUSIC WHAT DO YOU REALLY WANT IN YOUR LIFE? DO YOU THINK THAT EVERYBODY HAS A CALLING? WE ARE ALL LOOKING FOR THE SAME THING WHAT INSPIRES YOU? CAN WE HEAL FROM EVERYTHING? HOW DO WE LIVE AN AWAKENED LIFE? WHY DO YOU THINK WE'RE HERE AS HUMAN BEINGS? TO SAY YES TO LIFE, YOU GOTTA START SAYING YES TO LIFE EXPERIENCES MUSIC I'VE ASKED HUNDREDS OF MOTHERS AND FATHERS..."WHAT DO YOU REALLY WANT?" THE ANSWER I MOST OFTEN HEAR IS "I JUST WANT MY CHILDREN TO BE HAPPY..."   BUT VERY OFTEN THERE ARE BOXES PARENTS WANT THEIR CHILDREN TO CHECK FIRST: A COLLEGE DEGREE, A SUCCESSFUL CAREER, MARRIAGE, A NICE HOUSE AND THEN THEIR OWN KIDS....   DO YOU BELIEVE MEETING PARENTS' EXPECTATIONS ACTUALLY BRINGS HAPPINESS TO A CHILD?   DID IT WORK FOR YOU?    TODAY ON SUPER SOUL SUNDAY...    TRAILBLAZING AUTHOR DR. SHEFALI TSABARY WITH A REVELATION THAT COULD CHANGE THE NEXT GENERATION...  DR. SHEFALI: Our children, young ones, they're not attached to, how do I look?  Am I complete?  Do I need to become someone? OPRAH:  They are born knowing they're enough.    DR. SHEFALI URGES PARENTS TO WAKE UP, AND ASK THEMSELVES THIS PIVOTAL QUESTION: WHY ARE THEY TRYING SO DESPERATELY TO CONTROL THEIR CHILD'S DESTINY...  DR. SHEFALI: Because we don't have power over any being, least of all our children.  OPRAH:  Revolutionary.     IN HER LATEST BOOK, "THE AWAKENED FAMILY," DR. SHEFALI SAYS WHEN OUR CHILDREN CHALLENGE US...INSTEAD OF GETTING "TRIGGERED" TO CONTROL THEM - WE CAN THINK OF IT AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR OUR OWN EVOLUTION...     Dr. Shefali: Because you had a moment of awareness, you went, maybe it was me?   OPRAH:  Absolutely.   DR. SHEFALI:  Who just set her on the wrong path? OPRAH:  Yeah. Makes me want to cry because I did that.  But you helped me to see that that's what I was doing.     AND LATER... MY SURPRISE VISIT TO A MOTHER FOR WHOM I'LL BE FOREVER GRATEFUL. THROUGH HER OWN GRACE AND WISDOM, JENI STEPANEK SHARED THE BEAUTY OF HER SON'S PEACEFUL HEART AND PROFOUND SOUL WITH THE WORLD.   TODAY, WE CELEBRATE MATTIE STEPANEK'S MOM....    OPRAH:  This is revolutionary.  I think this is a revolutionary approach that really can change parenting.  So much so, that I can see in my mind's eye that we're at the very front, forefront, of what will be a revolution, Dr. Shefali Tsabary.    DR. SHEFALI:  I do feel we are on a precipice.  And I do feel like, you know, it's a mission I have to help parents --    OPRAH:  Yeah.    DR. SHEFALI:  -- reclaim their lost self so that then they can meet the spirit of the child who is whole, complete, and worthy and abundant, and then generations can be free.    OPRAH:  Right.    DR. SHEFALI:  And to bring back the joy in this journey.  We've lost the joy in the parent-child relationship.  It's become stressful, anxiety ridden, and hard.  And it doesn't have to be.    OPRAH:  And what you say in The Awakened Family is that it is the root of every other problem we have in the world.  And there are lots of people that would argue that, oh, there's politics and there's education and there's poverty and there's on and on and on and on and on. But at the root of every problem is?     DR. SHEFALI:  So this connection between parent and child has the power to end violence.  Has the power to end conflict.  The power to end bullying. This is the power of this relationship. But because we parents ourselves sit within ourselves broken, incomplete, lesser than, we haven't touched upon our own inner sense of empowerment and worth, then how can we shepherd that child to their greatest expression?    OPRAH:  Mm-hmm.    DR. SHEFALI:  So this is what this book, The Awakened Family, seeks to do.  It seeks to help the parent to reclaim their lost self. And the only way to do it is through a revolution. To not do it the way it's been done before.     AS AN IVY-LEAGUE TRAINED CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST, DR. SHEFALI LIFTED THE VEIL ON THE DEEPER MEANING OF PARENTING IN HER GROUND BREAKING BESTSELLER "THE CONCIOUS PARENT."   DR. SHEFALI: It means that we no longer look at our children as an extension of who we are.  Because when we do that, we just unleash all our emotional baggage onto them.      TODAY, DR. SHEFALI INTEGRATES EASTERN MINDFULNESS WITH WESTERN PSYCHOLOGY IN HER WORK WITH FAMILIES AROUND THE WORLD - AS WELL AS RAISING HER 13-YEAR-OLD DAUGHTER MAIA.    OPRAH:  So The Awakened Family is really about each person who is parenting moving to their own highest consciousness and also allowing their children to do the same. So as I was reading this, I was thinking, what we need to do is actually explain to people what do we mean by, being conscious --    DR. SHEFALI:  Yes.    OPRAH:  -- or awakened. Because I think the word "consciousness" gets misunderstood.    DR. SHEFALI:  Yes.    OPRAH:  And people think there's some whoo-whoo something to it or some new age definition about it. But I want to know what you mean when you say, living consciously.  DR. SHEFALI:  I believe all of life is a process of evolution. What does that mean? Evolution means that we're always reaching toward, holding onto the vine.    OPRAH:  Yeah.    DR. SHEFALI:  Which will take us out of this jungle of confusion. What is the confusion?  We have forgotten, there was some big forgetting that occurred at some point in our history, that made us believe that we were separate from this oneness that surrounds us. There was this big ephiphanic forgetting. Right?    OPRAH:  Yeah.  That we are one with God. Yeah.    DR. SHEFALI:  So we have forgotten that.  And our entire life now becomes a quest to reclaim that.  We are constantly evolving.  We are. Whether we like to recognize it or not.  Even the most unconscious person, against their -- their greatest will, they are on a process to evolve. Life gives us opportunity after opportunity to ask yourself, is this my truest self?  Or am I living the inauthentic self? Becoming conscious means to recognize when that moment arrives.  And it's coming and it's coming and it's coming. Now, children, why do I talk about children as being the ushers of this greater evolution?    OPRAH:  Because they're the most conscious.   DR. SHEFALI:  They are the most untainted.    OPRAH:  Yeah.    DR. SHEFALI:  They're still the closest to that remembering.    OPRAH:  Yeah.    DR. SHEFALI:  And we're all seduced to keep forgetting. But yet there is a will in us all, the spiritual seekers, the truth seekers, the light bearers, to go back to that place. So becoming conscious is to recognize the moments that life offers you, which is really on a daily basis.  And with children, on a moment to moment basis.  To start reclaiming who you once were.  The most authentic side of us which remembers that we are worthy.  That we are one with this divinity. If we don't always remember that we are one. OPRAH:  We --    DR. SHEFALI:  We are one.    OPRAH:  -- are one.  Yes.    DR. SHEFALI:  Then we enter the ego.  We split off from that source and enter ego.  And the way the parenting paradigm has been set up is just designed for even a greater boost of ego than I've ever seen in any other relationship. And how does the ego sound? It's my.  I?  Correct.  We start talking like this.    OPRAH:  Mm-hmm.    DR. SHEFALI:  I, as a parent, my child.  Right?  The possession.  The ownership. It's inherent. That's why I love this relationship, because it's such a trick from the universe.  You know?  The universe gives you children.  It says they're yours.  So it seduces you into thinking it's mine.  You have to call them mine.  Right? I'm not wrong in saying mine.  But yet the child comes out and says, I'm not you.  I'm not you.  I'm not you.  Now deal with me.  Attune to me. Do you recognize my spirit?  I will not belong or be yours. I can come through you, but I will not be yours.  Right?  Kahlil Gibran.    OPRAH:  Kahlil Gibran.   DR. SHEFALI:  So this is where the greatest spiritual learning happens.  That, yeah, I'm connected to you, we are a we, but you are separate from me.  And dancing this, moment after moment, the leaning in and the surrender, how much do I control?  Yet I have no control.  Dancing this dance is the spiritual awakening that children allow us.  COMING UP...  HOW DR. SHEFALI HELPED ME LEARN TO LET GO OF EXPECTATIONS...  OPRAH:  I had the awareness that, oh, my God.  I am trying to get you to live my dream.  This was not your dream.  AND LATER....  A SURPRISE TRIBUTE TO THE MOTHER TO ONE OF MY GREATEST SPIRITUAL TEACHERS. CELEBRATING THE LIFE, LESSONS AND MIRACULOUS JOURNEY JENI STEPANEK.   MUSIC DR. SHEFALI:  Each one of you here today answered the call to go deep within yourself to enter your highest expression, did you not? You came here today to reclaim your lost self.  But here, here is the grand irony.  What you are here to reclaim, you know, you had it once.   OPRAH:  Okay.  So I loved your opening remarks at Super Soul Sessions, you said, "What you are here to reclaim, you had it once.  Do you know that?  You are seeking and searching for what that special something is.  You had it.  You had it as a child who knew its might, who had wonder and grace and presence and beauty and worth and significance. That child who was able to stop by every leaf, every petal, and stare at it with rapt attention full of monk-like present moment awareness.  You were that child." So each one of us, in some way, is seeking whatever that was we once had.    DR. SHEFALI:  And we had it.    OPRAH:  And we had it.  And it's still there.    DR. SHEFALI:  It's there.    OPRAH:  Yes.    DR. SHEFALI:  But now it's buried.  And we can reclaim it. But that is what this book offers parents.  A journey to reclamation of the lost self.    OPRAH:  Yes.  I think it's a beautiful book to share with anybody who has a child. But I know there are the seven myths that I wanted to just touch on today.   DR. SHEFALI:  Before I just talk about getting into the specifics of the myths, I want to explain that we are entranced by a collective consciousness.    OPRAH:  Mm-hmm.   DR. SHEFALI:  Which I call the parental Kool- Aid.    OPRAH:  Yeah.    DR. SHEFALI:  Which is comprised of these seven myths. These myths are creating such fear in parents.  And fear is ruling this relationship.    OPRAH:  Yeah.    DR. SHEFALI:  Fear rules most relationships.    OPRAH:  Yes.    DR. SHEFALI:  Because they so reflect our longing, our yearnings, our incompleteness, that we want to control how this relationship turns out.     OPRAH:  Mm-hmm.    DR. SHEFALI:  It's not fear of the child. It's fear for our own destiny because our destiny now is in the hands of this child because we haven't fulfilled ourselves.  You see?  We had children to fulfill ourselves.    OPRAH:  Mm-hmm.    DR. SHEFALI:  We just don't own it.  We don't recognize it.  We check off, oh, children. Marriage.  Career.  Children is a big one.  Is a big box.  You know.  You know.  You didn't have children, Oprah?    OPRAH:  Yes.    DR. SHEFALI:  As if you are lesser than.    OPRAH:  Oh, yes, and, you know, actually the last time we did a Super Soul Sunday together and I got a lot of negative, you know, tweet people saying things like, well, Oprah, what do you know?  You haven't ever had children.    DR. SHEFALI:  Right.    OPRAH:  Listen, I will be the first to say that it is very different stepping into a young girl's or a young boy's life, you know, when they are pubescent.    DR. SHEFALI:  Right.    OPRAH:  Versus, you know, raising them from the time that they were babies.    DR. SHEFALI:  Right.  Right.    OPRAH:  But I will also say that what I have learned from you in just running my school and being a mother to many of the girls at that school has changed the way I parent.    DR. SHEFALI:  Yes.      OPRAH:  Because the number one thing I let go of is my expectations.    DR. SHEFALI:  Yes.    OPRAH:  Which, you know, at first it sounds like, oh, gee, you don't have expectations?  I let go of what my expectation for what their lives should be --  DR. SHEFALI:  Exactly.    OPRAH:  Yes.    DR. SHEFALI:  Now, you hit upon why parents live riddled in fear.    OPRAH:  Yeah.    DR. SHEFALI:  Because we're not conscious that we have expectations that come really from our own sense of lack.    OPRAH:  Yes.  DR. SHEFALI:  Things that we didn't finish off.  Things that we didn't resolve from childhood. This is what we are not even conscious to.    OPRAH:  Yes.    DR. SHEFALI:  So I put this on my child.  And culture tells me, go ahead.  One person you can put your expectations on is your child.    OPRAH:  Yes.    DR. SHEFALI:  In fact, you're expected to have expectations.  Right?    OPRAH:  Yes.    DR. SHEFALI:  So now if my child is not going to fulfill my expectations, I am going to panic. And my panic will quickly become control.  OPRAH:  Can I share with you just how this showed up for me? After I did our last interview a couple of years ago, I had one of my girls in a school and she was having difficulties and she really didn't like the school.  And I realized that I had talked her into going to that school.    DR. SHEFALI:  Mm-hmm.  Mm-hmm.    OPRAH:  And I had to actually say to her, I made a mistake.    DR. SHEFALI:  Right.    OPRAH:  I made the ultimate mistake.  I wanted to be able -- I, when I was your age, wanted to go to that school.  And I couldn't go to that school.  And so I put my hopes and my dreams on you.    DR. SHEFALI:  Yes.    OPRAH:  And that was wrong.    DR. SHEFALI:  Now, let's deconstruct this.  OPRAH:  Yeah.    DR. SHEFALI:  And show parents what you just did.    OPRAH:  Yeah.    DR. SHEFALI:  You first had the awareness.    OPRAH:  Yes.  I had the awareness.  I said, oh, my God.  I am trying to get you to live my dream.  This was not your dream.    DR. SHEFALI:  You went all the way back.    OPRAH:  Yeah.    DR. SHEFALI:  To that -- that mother.  OPRAH:  Yeah.    DR. SHEFALI:  Who only longed for the best for her child.    OPRAH:  Mm-hmm.    DR. SHEFALI:  But beneath the longing were the chains of an expectation.    OPRAH:  Yes.     DR. SHEFALI: You thought, who wouldn't want to go to this school?    OPRAH:  Absolutely.    DR. SHEFALI:  This is the enmeshment that occurs.    OPRAH:  I actually said those words.   DR. SHEFALI:  Yeah.    OPRAH:  Who wouldn't want to go there?    DR. SHEFALI:  So you just slapped onto her a desire that was completely coming from your state of lack from your childhood.    OPRAH:  Absolutely.    DR. SHEFALI:  This is where all projection, all dysfunction, all conflict in relationships come from, from the parent putting on the child something from way back.    OPRAH:  Way back.    DR. SHEFALI:  That is a slivered sense of their self, an incomplete part of them, that we just automatically assume the child will want. But you, because you had a moment of awareness, and your ego was reigned in, you went, maybe it was me?    OPRAH:  Absolutely.    DR. SHEFALI:  Who just set her on the wrong path?    OPRAH:  Absolutely.    DR. SHEFALI:  Set her onto the slaughter house of my spirit?   OPRAH:  Makes me want to cry because I did that.  But you helped me to see that that's what I was doing. So in the moment of her, you know, despair, I thought, I did this.  I projected what I wanted onto this. And the realization of it, the consciousness of it, actually, changed me with every other girl. And so now my entire approach, my entire philosophy, is that I can open the door.  And you can walk through.    DR. SHEFALI:  The way you wish.    OPRAH:  The way you wish.    DR. SHEFALI:  I paved the path maybe.  But you may walk how you wish.     OPRAH:  Or choose not to walk.    DR. SHEFALI:  Manifest the way you wish.  OPRAH:  Or choose to not even walk through the door.    DR. SHEFALI:  So you did what conscious and awakened parenting is about.  But look what evolution it took for you to do that.    OPRAH:  Mm-hmm    OPRAH:  One of the other things, too, that you mention so beautifully in The Awakened Family is that, you know, kids get on your nerves.  They bother -- they annoy you.  But kids are not trying to do that.  They are not trying to do things to cause you to say, you're getting on my nerves. They're just being themselves.      DR. SHEFALI:  Well, the state of childhood is contrary to what we adults want.  This is the clash.  I call it the clash of time zones.  The clash of states of being.      OPRAH:  Mm-hmm.   DR. SHEFALI:  We cannot live in the present. We cannot live messy lives.  We are trying so hard to stay away from the pain, the mess, the chaos of life. Children go straight for the rubble and the mess and the chaos.      OPRAH:  Right.      DR. SHEFALI:  Because they're not afraid of getting dirty. So this is contrary to our sense of -- our desire for control.      OPRAH:  Right.    DR. SHEFALI:  So we, then, label them. Again, the good children and the bad children.   We label them.  We punish them for evoking in us a sense of lack of control, lack of power, lack of orderliness. We cannot stand children who constantly jive up against our sense of control.  We cannot -- we call them bad children.  And culture endorses this view. So unless we do away with labels of good and bad and enter the present moment as you did with your daughter, you did not label her bad. You entered her present moment.    OPRAH:  Right.    DR. SHEFALI:  You attuned with her and said to yourself that this child is trying to express something.  What is her spirit telling me? Now, if we work with that premise to connect, connect, connect, then you set your child free.     (Coming Up)  Dr. Shefali: Our children, young ones, under the age of 5, they're not attached to, how do I look?  Am I complete?  Do I need to become someone? We put this lack onto them.    (Plus) Dr. Shefali:  Parenting is not selfless.  The driving force to have a child comes from your own desire to complete something within you.  MUSIC IN HER NEW BOOK "THE AWAKENED FAMILY," DR. SHEFALI PROPOSES SEVEN MYTHS OF PARENTING. THESE MYTHS, SHE WRITES HAVE CONVINCED PARENTS HOW CHILDREN SHOULD BE," RATHER THAN ALLOWING THE SPACE FOR WHO A CHILD ACTUALLY IS.       DR. SHEFALI: So let's take a big myth.  They're all big.  But the first one I talk about is that parenting, we've been told, is about raising the child. And parents say to me, well, what could be wrong with that?  Who should I be raising?      OPRAH:  Yes.      DR. SHEFALI:  And when I turn the spotlight to them and I say that you cannot even dare to have the audacity to think about raising another being until you yourself are parented.  You have raised your own self to the highest level of evolution.  Then you can aspire to meet this being who is living in the present.  Who has no attachment to identity. Our children, young ones, under the age of 5, they're not attached to, how do I look?  Am I complete?  Do I need to become someone? They say to the world, they declare, if they had a chance --       OPRAH:  They are born knowing they're enough.   DR. SHEFALI:  They don't think I need to become a lawyer, a scientist, go to any Ivy League School to give themselves a stamp of approval. We put this lack onto them. So if we continue with this idea that we are noble beings, selfless.  Right? And I tell parents, you have to own that there's a big degree, a high amount of narcissism, egoic desire to fulfill your own self to have children. Parenting is not selfless. There are elements of selflessness in it.  But the driving force to have a child comes from your own desire to complete something within you.      OPRAH:  Wow.   DR. SHEFALI:  And that's why children revolt. Either they withdraw because they've just been shackled with compliance after compliance, or they revolt.  And then, boy, then we're told by culture, oh, now you better punish them. Culture is not outside of us, you know.     OPRAH:  Yeah, so the myth is that parenting is about the child, even though you are parenting your child, parenting is really about you.   DR. SHEFALI:  If you don't raise yourself first.      OPRAH:  Yeah.      DR. SHEFALI:  And parent yourself.  You will then aspire to make your child a mini version of yourself.  So you're actually not even raising the child then.  You're just raising yourself.  So let's just call it what it is.  Rein that ego in. Parent yourself.  And then you will attune to your child.  Then you will make space for the spirit of your child to unfold.     OPRAH: Okay, Number 2.  A successful child is ahead of the curve.   DR. SHEFALI:  Oh, goodness.      OPRAH:  Oh, goodness. It's ridiculous.      DR. SHEFALI:  You tell me.      OPRAH:  What is going on in this country. It's ridiculous.   DR. SHEFALI:  And you know high school is no longer high school.  We are supposed to complete two years of college now in high school?    OPRAH: Wow.   DR. SHEFALI:  So we're just cranking the pressure. And so, again, the illusion, the mad delusion, is that I'm doing this for my child because we believe that success creates the Holy Grail of life, which is purpose, happiness, joy, and meaning. This is not so.  You know?  I don't know how to tell parents in a gentle way, you are now sending your child off further and further away from their authentic self into a life of doing, doing, doing.      OPRAH:  But the -- the question is, how do you then have a child that can compete in this world --      DR. SHEFALI:  Correct.  OPRAH:  -- if your child is the one child who is playing under the cardboard boxes and, you know, making little stick people.      DR. SHEFALI:  Correct.      OPRAH:  And doing child-like things while another child is learning calculus by the 4th grade.      DR. SHEFALI:  And, look, just as you say that, as a human being, as a mortal sitting here listening to you, I go, oh, my God.  I'm feeling anxious.  The minute you pitch it that way.  And parents pitch it to me all the time.  What if my kid is the only kid who is left behind?  My kid is the only one who's not getting into college?  How would my kid feel that day?       OPRAH:  Right.     DR. SHEFALI:  And what a disservice I would have done.       OPRAH:  Right.      DR. SHEFALI:  So that's the parent who's drunk the Kool-Aid.  Right?  And, look, anxiety rules the roost.   OPRAH:  Didn't you have an experience relating to this myth when you went to enroll your daughter --       DR. SHEFALI:  Yes.  Yes.      OPRAH:  -- in -- tell me about that.      DR. SHEFALI:  So my daughter was 8 years old, which I already thought was far too young to start structured activities.  But I figured, okay, you know, maybe she should explore her creative side. So I go to the neighboring school and I enroll her in beginners' ballet class thinking I'm, like, a doing parent finally.  I'm gonna join the race. And the woman looks at me and says, well, you do know she will be with 4-year-olds. And I go, no, no, no.  She's 8.  What do you mean she'll be with 4 and 5-year-olds?  And she whispered to me, because she felt embarrassed for me, and she said --      OPRAH:  You poor thing.      DR. SHEFALI:  -- you're a bit late.  You're a few years late already.  They've been taking classes since they began walking. And this was fascinating to me.      OPRAH:  Yeah.      DR. SHEFALI:  And created anxiety immediately. See, all these --      OPRAH:  Right.      DR. SHEFALI:  -- these myths --      OPRAH:  Because immediately did you think I'm not a good parent.      DR. SHEFALI:  I'm lesser than.  Look at me, I'm a loser. I've created failure now.  Now I've created lack in my child. She's going to be a misfit.  She won't get into any school.  What will I put on the resume? So these things are designed to create anxiety.  And we are all drinking this every day and endorsing this.  And we need to stop.       DR. SHEFALI:  Because the 3-year-old isn't saying, mom, you know, I saw that neighborhood ballet school.  They're just saying, let me dance in the living room.      OPRAH:  Yes.      DR. SHEFALI:  I'm happy doing that.       OPRAH:  With my cardboard box.  Okay.  So we already talked about there are good children and bad children. But good parents are naturals.  Let's talk about that.         DR. SHEFALI:  Now, because it's --      OPRAH:  I love this in the book.  I love this.  Because so many people are, like, parenting is such a natural thing.  It's, God gave these children to me and, therefore, that makes me a natural --       DR. SHEFALI:  An expert.      OPRAH:  Yes.  Absolutely.      DR. SHEFALI:  So I don't need to be told. Don't check on me.  I don't need to check on my ego.  I never need to question myself.      OPRAH:  Mm-hmm.      DR. SHEFALI: But the myth that says parenting is natural superimposes this idea into the parental DNA that you know your child because it's yours and you can do with whatever you want.  OPRAH:  Yes.     DR. SHEFALI:  And this is the madness, the delusion, that we fully believe because we want unbridled power after all.  So we're never going to become humble about this journey unless we are invited to.  And that's what we're trying to do today.  We're trying to tell parents, the universe is sending this being to you so that you can enter the present moment, reacquaint what it means to be a child yourself, and enter your full-on presence. This is the only reason these children are coming to you.  They're not coming to you to further seduce you to believe that you have more and more power, false power.  Because we don't have power over any being, least of all our children.  This should be the primary lesson that we are sent home with from the hospital.      OPRAH:  Revolutionary.  That's just revolutionary. (Coming up)  DR. SHEFALI:  I tell parents, love your kid a bit less because the love is messing this up. OPRAH:  That's so big, the producer's writing it down.  That's so big.  That is huge.   MUSIC AS A CONSCIOUS PARENT RAISING HER OWN THIRTEEN YEAR OLD DAUGHTER, MAIA, DR. SHEFALI SAYS WHATEVER CAREER OR LIFESTYLE MAIA CHOOSES DOES NOT MATTER.   DR. SHEFALI SAYS HER GOAL IS TO RAISE A CHILD WHO IS FIRMLY ROOTED IN WHO SHE IS, WHO IS CERTAIN OF HER WORTH, WHO IS ABLE TO EXPRESS HERSELF WITH AUTHENTICITY AND BE GROUNDED IN THE TRUTH OF THEIR RELATIONSHIP.        OPRAH:  A good parent is a loving one. That's another myth.   DR. SHEFALI:  That's another myth.  All you need to have is love.   OPRAH:  Oh.       DR. SHEFALI:  I tell my --      OPRAH:  Haven't we seen a lot of messed up kids who came from that?       DR. SHEFALI:  From a lot of love.      OPRAH:  Yes.      DR. SHEFALI:  First I tell parents, love your kid a bit less because the love is messing this up because love is blind.  And what that means is not that it's unconditional.  It's truly blind. You're not even seeing the child in front of you. You're just so consumed by your need to be loved back.  By your need to feel love yourself.  It's all about you, you, you. So let's put love aside.  And now let's talk about consciousness.  Because love without consciousness becomes need.  Dependency.  It becomes control in the name of love.  And that's what we're doing with our children.  But I love you.    OPRAH:  That's so big, the producer's writing it down.  That's so big.  That is huge.  Love without consciousness becomes need and dependency.   DR. SHEFALI:  And control.      OPRAH:  And control.      DR. SHEFALI:  How many parents have you heard --      OPRAH:  Oh, my gosh, is this a tweetable moment.  Because I know so many of you, like -- like I am.  You're listening and you're thinking of friends who were raised this way, yourself being raised this way, and how this has shown up in your life.  Yeah.     DR. SHEFALI:  You spend a thousand dollars on your kid's birthday party. Your kid dares to have a tantrum in the birthday party?  What, are we going to react with love?  Where does love go in that moment? Right?  It's not about love.  It's not love for the other.  Because true love for the other comes with freedom.  Liberation.  It comes without any condition.  Without any hand asking for something back.      OPRAH:  So this is interesting.  As I'm listening to I'm thinking, and when I was reading The Awakened Family, I was thinking, wow, if you could just be conscious, you sort of enter the same flow as your children, easier said than done, of course.  I know that.  So don't tweet me about it. And it just becomes easier.  Parenting becomes easier.  It becomes a part of who you are. And you sort of gracefully move into that. Or, if you're pushing against it and resisting it trying to prove that this cannot be true.    DR. SHEFALI:  Yes.    OPRAH:  Then it becomes harder.    DR. SHEFALI:  So who's making it harder? We're doing it ourselves.    OPRAH:  We're doing it ourselves.    DR. SHEFALI:  The keys are now in our hands, and we're not opening the door to our freedom. Our children are saying to us, let go of your script of who I need to be. Enter my as is.    OPRAH:  But you know why that's so hard?  And I can see why you all resisted as parents, because it's not convenient.    DR. SHEFALI:  And who has time?    OPRAH:  Who has time?  It takes so much time and interest and presence.    DR. SHEFALI:  Right.    OPRAH:  Yes.    DR. SHEFALI:  But this entire life is designed for us to enter presence.  Whether we like it or not. What are the biggest lessons people learn after a huge trauma?  I have to let go of my ego.  I have to let go of the should have and the fantasy life and enter the as is.  I have to surrender --    OPRAH:  Yeah.    DR. SHEFALI:  -- to the grace of this moment. So our children are teaching us this every moment. OPRAH:  Mm.    DR. SHEFALI:  They are taking us to our greatest courage.  But we are not taking the invitation.  It's the most profound and easy invitation. But it requires a moment by moment presence.    OPRAH:  I know.    DR. SHEFALI: If we can understand this journey in these terms, at least then we're better prepared.  Right?    OPRAH:  Right.    OPRAH:  So I love this other -- this Myth Number 6   you have here is, parenting is about raising a happy child. I mean, I think that's what everybody thinks and so why is this a myth?     DR. SHEFALI:  Because our children don't need to become happy. Life is not about happy, happy anyway. Life is to be experienced in every nuance as it presents itself in the as is.    OPRAH:  Yes.    DR. SHEFALI:  Engagement with life, to me, is happiness.  Is pure joy.    OPRAH:  Yeah.    DR. SHEFALI:  Engage with it fully.    OPRAH:  Yeah.  I think that's so powerful for everyone, children or not, listening.  I think the pursuit of happiness, particularly in our culture, makes people think it is my right.  And that is the number one goal is to be happy.    DR. SHEFALI:  So any painful moment, then, is to be ridden of immediately.    OPRAH:  Yes.     DR. SHEFALI:  So as a parent of a child, it is our sacred obligation to not teach our children to run away from life as is.  If they're crying about rejection from a friend, instead of teaching them to change themselves to fit in, enter the present moment and teach your child, rejection is inevitable.  But it has nothing to do with your sense of worth.    OPRAH:  Wow.    DR. SHEFALI:  Not everyone needs to love you. Because you need to love who you are.  You just need to find your tribe. Teaching children this is pivotal.  But when our child cries, we get anxious, and we want to fix it.  Because we have been taught, fix pain. Don't enter pain.  Don't integrate pain.  We were severed from our --    OPRAH:  Absolutely.    DR. SHEFALI:  When we cried as children, we were never held, attuned, taught to feel it, befriend it. We were taught to split from it.  This is what we do with our children.    OPRAH:  And parents believe they need to be in control.  That's --    DR. SHEFALI:  That's the uber myth.    OPRAH:  The uber myth.    DR. SHEFALI:  We are told, your child -- your name -- the other day a parent said to me, but my child bears my name.    OPRAH: (Laughter.)    DR. SHEFALI:  So I tried to --    OPRAH:  I understand that.  I understand that.    DR. SHEFALI:  I tried to deconstruct each word. I go, the "my" is problematic in itself. This my.  There's no ownership to the spirit. And here we are in this perverted delusion thinking that we own them and can do to them whatever we wish. And we want our children to bear our legacy.    OPRAH:  Yes.    DR. SHEFALI:  This is our grand idea.  We cannot leave this earth without leaving something behind. Our children are not to be burdened with that.  If we want to leave our legacy, it's all up to us.  Nothing to do with our children.  (Coming Up)  DR. SHEFALI: Every parent wants me to tell them how to. How to get my child to listen. How to get my child to fulfill my fantasy. So, this has to end.    (Plus) Oprah: What is the role of the parent? What is the true job of the parent?  MUSIC Enlightenment   comes from letting go of   our dependency on others  to fill the void we feel within.    OPRAH:  So I think if there's only one thing you gather from The Awakened Family it's this, you say, on page 52, "Many of the expectations we have of our children are unspoken. Despite what we don't put into words, children intuitively sense when we wish them to be other than they are.  Sense that we want them to fulfill our fantasies of who they will grow up to be and what they will accomplish.  Yes, some children rise to this challenge and are successful.  But for every child who does, there are a host of others who buckle under the pressure."    DR. SHEFALI:  And those children just fall by the wayside.    OPRAH:  That's right.    DR. SHEFALI:  And it's time now for us parents to own this unchecked ego.  We have to look in the mirror that our children offer us, this relationship, and see how we are perpetuating disconnection versus connection every moment with our children, every parent wants me to tell them how to.  How to.  How do I do this? You know what they want.  Right? Complete the sentence.  OPRAH:  Yeah.    DR. SHEFALI:  How do get my child to listen. How to get my child to stop annoying me.  How to get my child to fulfill my fantasy. The how-to, inherently, is filled with dogma.    OPRAH:  How to get my child to come under my control and adhere to my wishes.    DR. SHEFALI:  Follow my script.  OPRAH:  Follow my script.  Yes.    DR. SHEFALI:  Follow my script already. So, this has to end.  There is no how-to anymore.  There's only looking within asking, yes, how can I create conditions in my home?      OPRAH:  So what is -- you talked about this in The Conscious Parent. What is the role of the parent?    DR. SHEFALI:  Yes.    OPRAH:  What is the true job of the parent?    DR. SHEFALI:  Two tasks the parent has to commit to on a moment to moment basis.  What is this moment reflecting about my unfinished self?  My unresolved issues. DR. SHEFALI:  So the child who's dawdling at homework. What will become of this child?  Maybe this child will be homeless?  What does this say about me as a parent? We feel the same anxieties every moment. The task of an awakened parent is, what do we do with this moment?  Do we go inward?    OPRAH:  Mm-hmm.  DR. SHEFALI:  Or do we project it outward through reactivity and control. So that's the first task of an awakened parent is to ask that question.  What does this moment reflect about me?    OPRAH:  Moment to moment.  Yes.    DR. SHEFALI:  And the second task, the control I give parents, and they go, really?  Tell me, tell me, what's the control I have?  I say to them, you have control over the conditions that you create in your home. So if you see that your child cannot detach from the screen, guess what? You get to go and talk to your child and possibly take the phone away and say, it's not for your highest good. And I know you're angry with me right now.  But I know --    OPRAH:  Mm-hmm.  DR. SHEFALI:  -- that this is not for your highest good. So if we can tap into what is for the highest good of our children, only when we've kept our ego in check, we do get to create conditions, you know, because parents will come to you and me and say, oh, she's talking about having crazy, wild children who just paint on the walls and spit on their neighbors' food and yell at the grandma. No.  That's not what I'm advocating. I'm advocating a heightened level of consciousness on the part of the parent.  OPRAH:  And your children are here to make you a better, more conscious human being.   DR.SHEFALI:  Only.  OPRAH:  Only.  DR. SHEFALI:  Only. If you just hold that as your central, sacred role with your children, you will do right by them.  You will only help them to become their higher self?  OPRAH:  Beautiful. Thank you again.  Revolutionary.    (Coming Up)  HE WAS ONE OF THE MOST AWAKENED PEOPLE I'VE EVER KNOWN...MATTIE STEPANEK LEFT AN INDELIBLE HEART PRINT ON THE WORLD... IN THIS WEEK'S SUPER SOUL ORIGINAL SHORT,  I VISIT MATTIE'S MOTHER, JENI.  [Applause] Come on, let's here it for Jeni! HER LIFE AND LEGACY HAS STRETCHED LONGER THAN ANYBODY EVER THOUGHT POSSIBLE.      IN TODAY'S SUPER SOUL ORIGINAL SHORT, MY VISIT WITH ONE OF THE MOST INSPIRING MOTHERS I'VE EVER MET....   JENI STEPANEK AS SHE CELEBRATES THE MIRACLE OF ANOTHER BIRTHDAY.      JENI IS THE MOTHER OF ONE OF MY GREATEST SPIRITUAL TEACHERS, MATTIE STEPANEK... MATTIE WAS ONE OF THE MOST AUTHENTIC, LOVING SOULS I HAVE EVER KNOWN.  WINFREY:  So you've been writing poetry since you were how old?   MATTIE STEPANEK:  About three.   MATTIE STEPANEK:  I have a song deep in my heart.  I write to express my thoughts, my feelings.  I want people to think. So that we can understand how we need to listen to our heartsongs and spread peace with each other. JENI INSTINCTIVELY KNEW HOW TO FOSTER AND ENCOURAGE THIS PRECIOUS GIFT TO THE WORLD.     MATTIE STEPANEK:  I really think I'm here for a purpose, even if it takes me one year or 1,000 years, I have to do what I was meant to do.  MATTIE PASSED AWAY ON JUNE 22ND, 2004. HIS SPIRIT WILL ALWAYS ABIDE IN ME.  FOR MANY YEARS, JENI HAS BATTLED THE SAME RARE FORM OF NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE THAT CLAIMED ALL FOUR OF HER CHILDREN: KATIE, STEVIE, JAMIE, AND MATTIE.    TODAY, MATTIE'S MEMORY LIVES ON THROUGH HIS WRITING AND JENI'S COMMITMENT TO FULFILL HIS PEACEFUL PURPOSE THROUGH THE MATTIE J.T. STEPANEK AND "WE ARE FAMILY" FOUNDATIONS...  THIS PAST YEAR, JENI RECEIVED A HARROWING CANCER DIAGNOSIS...SHE HAS ENDURED ENDLESS AND SUCH EXCRUCIATING HEALTH COMPLICATIONS WITH COURAGE AND GRACE.  I'VE NEVER SEEN ANYTHING LIKE IT. TO HONOR HER REMARKABLE LIFE, JENI'S FRIENDS AND FAMILY GATHERED FOR HER BIRTHDAY AND SURROUNDED HER WITH LOVE. OW:  OK so here's the deal. Jeni Stepanek is turning 57 and she's having her 83rd birthday as a bucket list just in case she doesn't make it. She's the most amazing, strong, powerful, willful woman I've ever known, read or heard about. And I'm going to surprise her here.  OW: Tell me this-where does the will to not just live, but to be fully present now, and the will to live with such hopefulness, where does that come from?   JS: Part of it comes from God.  God gave me a purpose on Earth and I live celebrating that purpose. I am a strong person spiritually.  I have gotten through somehow, barely sometimes, losing all four of my children and yet, that purpose that's given to me by God, I still recognize it and I pray every morning, the first thing, when I wake up, no matter how sick I am, no matter how ill, much pain I'm in, I wake up every morning just with wow, thank you, I'm alive and I set out to live with purpose that day. And on the days where you still say how am I going to do this today? Have you seen this party?  These are people from my childhood, from every job I've had, children that I taught when I was a school teacher 30 years ago, here with their children. Sometimes when I can't come up with a good enough reason to take that next breath, I let somebody else give me a reason. (Man at party: Jeni is a person that touched my soul.  Woman at party: No matter where you are in the world, she's there for you.   Man at party: We love you, Jeni)    OW: I've never seen a woman with such strength and my definition of strength, which is also the physical definition, is strength times strength times strength equals power. Strength over time equals power so I've actually never seen a woman more powerful than you.      OW: Do you find strength from Mattie's life and also his death?   JS: I have never ever witnessed worse suffering than what Mattie went through.  And Mattie went through it not always physically able to smile, but spiritually able to smile.   To pray, to think of other people.  Before he died, he challenged me, choose to inhale.  Do not lay down in the ashes of my life, do not simply breath to exist, choose to inhale.  And I draw strength from that.  I choose to inhale.  I don't just survive, I thrive. This young man is named Mattie, after my son.   HAPPY BIRTHDAY, JENI...THANK YOU FOR BRINGING YOUR LOVE AND LIGHT INTO THE WORLD.      Jeni: Because this began as a bucket list, which is something you do when you're faced with some overwhelming odds of surviving. I wanna leave you with this thought.  One day we will all die.  But on all the other days, we will not and so today let's toast and celebrate to all those other days with gratitude.  We are family. We are an amazing mosaic.  Party on.  Thank you. (applause)  SEE YOU NEXT SUNDAY...

Why are you getting off, sir? - Come on ! You are no more just a guide for us. - You have become a friend. If you decide to come to Shimla when its snowing. . . do remember Manohar Dani from Himachal tourist office. Okay ladies and gentlemen, guide Manohar Dani bids you goodbye. . . and hopes your Shimla trip has been very. .very. . . Manohar(joyous ). This road will take you straight to Kalka. Train wait! One Shimla. - One Shimla. Hurry up, the train is leaving. Just a minute, I have to count his money. Count the money later, give me the ticket first. Okay! Here's your ticket, and the balance money. Let me remove my hand. - Sure. But how do I remove it? - Even I don't know that. My hand ! What brazenness is this? My train is leaving. Yes, it is very brazen, it is leaving without us. Doesn't matter, another will come. What happened? You knew the window is small, yet you put your hand. Go home and act smart. Mister, take your ticket and money, and remove your hand. I want to shut the window. God ! what have I got into? Look madam, stop being angry and come close to me. Until we don't keep our hands straight, we won't be able to remove them. Come. Shameless! - Madam, how am I at fault? It's not your fault, it's the government's fault. They made the window for one hand, not two. Wonder where the lover boys come from. Savitri ! Where had you gone? - Tuitions. You mean, do re me fa. . . - Where are you coming from? From college. The last two periods were off, so I though I'll meet you. Me, or brother? I think you cannot do without him anymore. I'll tell brother today itself to marry you and bring you home. Until you are home, how can I come home? I'll do one thing. I'll get a monkey from the Delhi zoo for you. Naughty! He's sitting right in the front, but he won't open the door. Hello aunty. - Come Champa. Savitri, why are you so late? What could I do, I missed the 2 : 30 train. I've been waiting for you to come and bring the vegetables. There are not even onions at home for tempering the lentils. Why didn't you tell brother? - Only if he listened. He's been doing the accounts since two hours. . . like he's managing business of all of Shimla. And yes, if you have money, get tea leaves too. Okay. 9 plus 2 is 1 1, plus 7 is 18, 18 plus 2 is 20, plus 6 is. . . 2 8? 9 plus 2 is 1 1, plus 7 is 18, 18 plus 2 is 20, plus 6 is. . . 2 6 ! Look there, Champa has come for you. You are together again? Look, I plead with you. As it is, there is some mess here. So please go, let me check the accounts. I beg of you. - Not me, her. Hold on to her forever, or she will run away. Savitri, you are still here? - I'm going, mom. Champa, sit down, why are you standing? Just let me finish checking this bill. People are saying it has snowed less this year. But I think, we have had good snow, and even the tourist season is good. Right Colonel? That's beneficial for your departmental store. More tourists, more profits. Why Colonel, won't your department benefit? It is in the interest of the whole of Shimla. No buttering ! The tourist party let you off at two? - Yes sir. And it is 5 : 30 now. Sir actually, a miss at Summer Hill station. . . No sir, I mean, I missed a train. Come here. - Sir honestly, believe. . . . Who was the miss because of who you missed the train? What. . .I didn't ask her name. That means you didn't act hasty. What say, Mehta? - I'm a stranger in that field. Excuse me sir, I'm going to the college library. I'll get late coming back. No problem, Chandan will keep your food in the hot case. The boy is smart. - Smart, and hard working too. He works as a guide, and is also doing Msc, that too, in scholarship. He becomes a chemical analyzer in the fruit harvesting season. He does odd jobs and manages to earn money for his food and education. Four eggs. Listen ! . . . How much did you buy the eggs for? None of your business. - I am asking for your benefit only. I'll supply you cheap. We have a poultry farm. Poultry farm? - Yes, that's why I'm asking the price. Rs.4. 50p a dozen. - Rs.4. 50p a dozen ! The cheat! We supply to them at 3. 25p per dozen. . . and he supplies to you at Rs.4. 50p a dozen? That's cheating. How many eggs do you need everyday? Four eggs. - Four? Okay. Do one thing, write your name and address in this notebook. . . I'll supply four fresh eggs everyday to you. I'll hold that. You came to buy vegetables? - Yes. Are you home at nine in the morning? - Yes. Take. See you tomorrow then. Anoop Chandra? That cannot be her name. Very sharp she is. She didn't want to give her name, so she wrote her father's name. What was that guy doing with you? He wasn't doing anything, he was giving eggs. A cock was giving eggs? - He said he owns a poultry farm. Is it? Looks like he has liked the hen. He'll woo you soon. Forget it! I won't get wooed so easily. Eggs! Who is this egg seller now? Wait mom, I'll check. I told an egg seller to deliver eggs at home. I'll be back. Eggs! See how fresh it is. It's just been laid. By who? - What?. . . By a hen ofcourse. Take. - How many are they? Six. - But we. . . I know you only need four eggs everyday. But we give a 50%%% discount to our new client on the first day. Two free. - Looks like you get them for free. We don't have to do anything. It's the hen and the cock who work. I'll get your money. - No! What's the hurry? We'll settle the account at the end of the month. Maybe even that is not required. - Why? Maybe this account runs for life. What are you doing today evening? I've heard Palji's restaurant is offering a special dish today. Will you come? - No. Why? I'll make the special dish from the free eggs you gave me. Of eggs? Hey listen ! Rs. 2. 25p went waste. Brother! Sister-in-law, brother has come, come down quickly. Mom, brother has come, come down quickly. Hello sir. - Bring the luggage. Brother! - Hey Kishen ! Brother! Prema ! you have grown so big. Mom. - Bless you, son. See how thin you have become. Look at your state after being separated from your mother. I didn't get food cooked by you there, mom. Watch how fat I grow here in a few days. How are you, sister-in-law? - I didn't quite enjoy that. Why? I thought you are returning from London. You'll give me a hep greeting. But you are the same old feet touching Indian. Feet touching Indians are better than other people in the world. The fragrance of love and respect for elders that comes from our hearts. . . doesn't come anywhere else. Brother, I can smell hot samosas. Mom has made them especially for you. Then let's go and eat them before they go cold. Everyone in the village is waiting for an English madam to come home. Mom, would you like an Indian daughter-in-law, or a foreigner? I like a foreigner. Alright, we'll get you married to a foreigner. Talk about your marriage. - I'll get married, mom. I have to first establish my business, then get Prema married. And after that, if there is a good girl in my destiny. . . Come here madam, have tea first. Madam, he is Sagar, my brother. he has just returned from England. Hello. And brother, she is Savitri, she teaches me to sing. You have a friend, Anoop ; she's his sister. And she sings so well. You'll be charmed hearing her voice. She's the pride of Shimla. - Then even I want to hear her. Right away! - No Prema. . . Let him hear. You sit, I'll make tea for you. Brother, she sang this song at the picnic. ''That what is making my breaths fragrant'' Wow! beautiful. ''This fragrance of first love'' ''Is perhaps coming from your breaths'' What happened? Mom, Kishen erased my song. I will. . . ! - I just recorded my song. How was I to know? - Shut-up! After hearing the two lines, I feel like hearing the whole song. Yes. - Sing, madam. No Prema. - Please. I'm sorry, some other time. Anoop, any bad news in the family when you were three years old? When I was three? I don't even remember when I was three. He was three and a quarter when I lost my elder son. It's right then. And you are 2 8 now? There had to be a problem in yesterday's placing of stars. But now, the good stars are favoring you. Anoop, mark my words, you'll soon get an unexpected windfall. Will he win a lottery, papa? - Anything can happen. He is destined to get money. He may even find lost wealth. But Professor, when I never had wealth, when did it get lost? And if it didn't get lost, how will I find it? I don't know that, but you must get it. Watch it in the last week of this month. And then, on the 3rd of next month. . . more favourable stars come in your chart. That means, you'll soon get some big job. . . which will bring you very good returns. The next ten years are so favourable, you'll get money, respect, everything. Excuse me. Listen, there are some bad stars too. Maybe on 4th January, your mother may suddenly have a major problem. She may suddenly take ill. But Professor, is there any risk to her life? Here, have something. Take. I will offer oblation of Rs. 10 1 to God. Just let your prediction come true. It's all destiny. I believe what God destines has to happen. But predictions must be proving wrong sometimes. What papa predicts is never wrong. Papa, see Savitri's horoscope. - Show me. What is it, papa? - Nothing. Is this your horoscope? - Yes. Did you have to travel when she was born or. . . . Yes, she was born in a train. Then she should marry some engine driver. The horoscope is fine. I'll see it later. Atleast tell about her marriage. - No, not now. I could make a mistake in haste. And don't you remember professor Sharma is coming to come home today? I do papa, but I was saying because aunty is worried about her marriage. Alright, take her horoscope along. Read it at leisure and tell her. Okay. You must be on leave today. - Why? It's Sunday today. If you have the special delicacy at Palji's with me today. . . I'll be very pleased. - Have you brought the eggs? I have brought the eggs, but I was talking of Sunday. I'll wait at Palji's restaurant for you today evening. It's no use. - You won't come? What are you doing ! What if anyone sees you? Please get up. Since childhood, my granny used to tell me Savitri's story. . . and I have been worshiping her since then. But my granny never told me Savitri was stone hearted. Even I have read many Manohar ( interesting ) stories. The country needs electricity. And ringing the door bell every time uses up electricity. And one has to pay, right? Yes, but what have you got to do with it? I have to pay that bill. Anoop Chandra Thakur. Who are you fooling early morning? You don't look like a father. Father? Whose father? I'm not even married yet. Not married? Then you. . . are the brother? Whose brother? - Brother! where were you? I have come to meet you. You take painting contracts? My office needs to be painted. I was looking for you. Why didn't you say so before? Let's sit inside and talk. Electricity bill. - Yes, electricity bill. Who is Savitri? - My sister. . .she will come now. She is my younger sister, Savitri. - Hello Savitri. Come in. I forgot to ask your name. - Manohar. . . Manohar Dani Dani, you mean rich? - No, rich only at heart. Savitri, make a cup of tea. Please come. ''That what is making my breaths fragrant'' ''This fragrance of first love'' ''Is perhaps coming from your breaths'' Sister-in-law. . .sister-in-law! - This is not me. Give it to me. - It cannot be aunt either. It cannot be Kishen. Who is she? Some girl? Give it to me, please. You know everything. How do I know? But this smells good. Smells good? - Yes, the fragrance of first love. I'll go and tell aunt. - No! It's nothing like that yet. If it isn't, it will. Our blessings are with you. Come on, sister-in-law! Come, everyone is waiting at the table for you. You go, I'm coming. Yes? - I have come from Lakda bazaar. I want to meet Mr.Anoop. - Wait. Champa, someone has come to meet you. - Me? Who will come to meet me? - He says he's come from Lakda bazaar. You have come from Lakda bazaar? - Yes. God ! he winks. Okay! Teasing me? - He's winking at you. Who's he? Shut-up! don't you feel ashamed? Mad girl ! Come inside, I'll call him. - Alright. Thank you. Brother, someone has come to meet you. Is it? I'm coming. Yes? - Are you Mr.Anoop? Yes. - Amritlal has sent me. Amritlal? - Yes. You take Amritlal's name, and moreover, you wink. That's a childhood habit. - It's not a good habit. You took that Amritlal's name and ruined my whole day. He is not Amrit ( elixir), he is poison. He has cheated me of my hard earned money. He'll suffer. But listen. . . - Why should I listen to you? It is three and a half years and he hasn't paid me yet. Go tell him that my Rs.4 57 will come after him as a ghost for 4 57 lives. But you. . . - Get lost! I don't want to see the face of any of his men, or you. Get out! - But I have brought money for you. I don't want. . . - Count it. It's Rs.4 57. Amritlal has even apologized for the delay. I'm leaving. See! Papa's words came true. You got back your lost wealth. We will become rich now. - Yes! What happened? Why are you so happy? - Brother got his lost money. Is it? - Papa's words came true. I hope everything he said comes true. Mom, we'll eat kheer today. - Sure we will. Sing with me. ''Lightening shines, rain falls'' ''Dark clouds have gathered'' ''The thundering scares me'' Why are you listening secretly? - I was. . . Are you scared to come here and listen? I thought she'll get disturbed. Savitri, write his name too among your fans, I mean, your music fans. Let him hear what he wants to, or he'll hear your tape all night. No, I'll hear just that song ; ' that what is making my breaths fragrant' Since I've heard the chorus, I'm desperate to hear the whole song. We'll all hear it. - No sister-in-law. I'm sorry I'm refusing, but I'll get late for another tuition. Bye Prema. Eggs! What happened? - Here are your eggs. But they are not of my farm. - Why? The hens on my farm have gone on strike. Hens on strike? - Yes. They want to meet the new customer. They are shouting slogans since yesterday. . . ' until we don't meet her, we won't give eggs' I'll send brother. - No! My hens are afraid of brothers. Half will die seeing him. And seeing me? - They's laugh with joy. Maybe they'll be so happy, they'll start giving double the number of eggs. So will you come? . . .Take pity on this poor me. No. - Take pity on my hens. Not at all. Yet, I'll wait for you at Nehru park at 3. And you'll surely come. What happened? - You? You are too late. All are gone. All of them. Who are gone? - My hens. In the morning, when I came to the poultry farm from your house. . . they looked at me with expectant eyes. When I told them you are not coming, they all screamed, and died. I had reared them with my own hands, and then, with these very hands. . . Come with me. . . . look. I buried them there. How sad. - Very sad. Your story is over. - Everything is over. I have been ruined ! Yours is a very grave problem. - It is. Think of some other fake story. Yes. Listen Savitri ! Where are you going? That is what I was waiting for. That you catch me lying. . . and I tell you how I feel. I. . .I love you. Lying again? - No, I'm speaking the truth this time. To speak this truth, I don't know how many lies I spoke. The way you have accepted my every guise, accept my love. Let me go. - Savitri, answer me. Will I get love against love? Will I? Hello madam! - You have come alone? No, everyone has come. Come with me. Hello. - Will you have tea? No. - Which song are you singing today? I haven't decided. - Then fulfill my desire. He has come for that song only. What was the song, Sagar? ''That what is making my sighs fragrant'' Not sighs sister-in-law, breaths. - What difference does it make? Come, you have to present the first item. See you. - Do consider my wish. Let's see. - No, definitely. Hey! where to? - I have a pass. You are sitting here? And I looked for you everywhere. I asked your children. - What? ! I mean, I asked your students. And when I came to know you are singing here, I came straight here. What do you want? - What I want? Reciprocal. What do you mean? - Reciprocal of my love. Savitri, your name has been announced. Listen ! You didn't answer my question yesterday. Atleast today. . . - You'll get the answer today. Oh God, my honour is in your hands. Make her say yes. ''That what is making my breaths fragrant'' ''This fragrance of first love'' ''Is perhaps coming from your breaths'' ''This story began that very day. . . '' ''when you suddenly touched me just like that'' ''The current that went through my body at that moment. . . '' ''makes me quiver even now'' ''This fragrance of first love'' ''Is perhaps coming from your breaths'' ''My heart has been very desperate weaving dreams about you'' ''Hear what my heart has to say coming into my arms'' ''Having awakened a thirst in my heart. . . '' ''a sweet burning it has evoked'' ''This fragrance of first love'' ''Is perhaps coming from your breaths'' ''My eyes say what I could not say'' ''The suppressed thirst of my heart shines in my eyes'' ''There is a soft smile on your lips'' ''My heart is pounding'' ''This fragrance of first love'' ''Is perhaps coming from your breaths'' Papa, I'm going to Savitri's house. What? You have put me in a fix. Aunty asks every day what you have predicted about Savitri. And you keep pushing it. You know how busy I am with college work. Take, return the horoscope to her. I will call for it when I have time. Papa, even you lie? I just saw you reading the horoscope yesterday. I was reading it generally. I'm sure you are hiding something. Tell me about it. Champa, you are aware we are forbidden to make bad predictions. Forbidden for Savitri, you can tell me. You two are best friends, what if you blurt out something? I will not tell her, promise. What is in her destiny? Tell me, papa. As per her horoscope, the first 40 days of her marriage. . . What will happen? They will fight? One of them will fall ill? - It's more serious than that. The 40 days will be so tough on the husband, she could be widowed. Papa, did you read it correctly? There must be some solution. If the stars are positioned like in her chart,one is destined to be a widow You mean, she will spend all her life in sorrow? According to the planetary position, she is also going to marry again. Marry again? After being widowed? - Yes. And then she's going to be happy. Let me tell you this. Such things are not told to anyone. Understood? Liked the movie? What if mom hears you? Scared now? Liked the hero, or Manohar? Want me thrown out of the house? - Aunty has gone to the neighbours. If this hen was so desperate to get wooed. . . you should have told me, I'd find a nice cock for you. Manohar is an orphan. No home, no parents. Absolutely irresponsible. If you talk ill about him, I'll fight with you. Get lost! Despite being alone in the world, he is so jolly. Have you ever seen even the shadow of sorrow on his face? He is doing Msc now, tomorrow, he'll do doctorate. One day, he'll definitely be a very big man. All with his own effort. - You are finished ! If I don't meet him for 1-2 days, I get desperate. But what will be the end of all this? Whatever it is, it will be good. - I hope so. But don't forget that those who get love, often lose in life. I have lost. I really lost in life. What happened, brother? - What happened to him? Mom, that hospital. . . - Hospital ! Why hospital? What is wrong with you? Mom, I'd applied for a tender. . . for the hospital's furniture and painting contract. That has been accepted. - That's great news! What great news? Only the tender has been accepted, I haven't got the contract. Nor will I get it. - Why not? It's a contract of Rs. 250000. - Rs. 250000 ! Nothing to feel happy about. Read clause six in this. I have to deposit 10 %%% cash within a week. That's Rs. 25000. Where will I bring Rs. 25000 from? If I don't deposit Rs. 25000. . . I'll even lose Rs. 250 I gave with the application. No brother, you will neither lose the deposit, nor the contract. Now I totally believe what Professor said. Just think, if you didn't have to get the contract. . . why would your tender get accepted? Savitri is right. God has answered our prayers. Try somewhere, you'll get the money. - Yes brother. . .smile! What do I say? You know them better now than me. I have just had small dealings with him. But he is a man of word. This time, the amount was big. . . -I think you should give him the money Sagar, he has been your friend. And he is Savitri's brother too. That's how you forge relationships. You two decide that. You cannot be wrong. Did they say anything else? Sagar said if a friend doesn't help, what is the use of friendship? And not only that, if need be, they'll help us in the future too. Cheers! Let's have one more sweet to that! God bless them. Anoop, watch whatever papa has said come true. You are going to be a millionaire. - One more sweet to that! Destiny has smiled on you, Anoop. Now if Savitri also gets married. . . Mom is always after throwing me out of the house. I am more worried than mom. Earlier I was worried. But now I will fulfil all my dreams. I will get my sister married in style. I have just one darling sister. First find a good boy for her. - There is no dearth of boys for her. There are many. Even Savitri knows a few. There is one scientist, a chemical analyzer, a tourist guide. . . and an egg seller. - Brazen girl ! You know any of them? . . . Do you like any of them? ''Even if you don't like me'' ''But I like you'' ''Buds change colour'' ''How can I like them?'' ''Like the shade of a cloud, like the sun of monsoon'' ''Like them, wonder when you will disappear'' ''Like the talk of a dream, the colour of weather'' ''Like them, wonder which moment, you may change'' ''Why trouble your crazy lover?'' ''If you choose me'' ''My destiny will shine'' ''Buds change colour. . . '' ''My heart thinks, losing your heart in love. . . '' ''You have never been lost in the romantic weather'' ''The weather will speak, will expose the secrets of the heart'' ''There is none other than you in my heart'' ''I tried hard, but my heart didn't listen'' ''How can I not like you. . . '' ''when my heart likes you'' ''Yes, I like you'' Lovely music. Why did you stop? If you continue to practice, you'll surely become a music teacher one day. Why do you joke? - Why? Don't you like music teachers? Just liking doesn't help. One must know music. That's true. But playing music like that won't bring her. Then? - Why ask me? I only know that when Prema learnt music there was joy in the house. A teacher's job is to teach. Anyone can learn. Greetings madam. Mr. Sagar has sent this letter. Hello Savitri. Prema left with mom and you stopped coming to our house. You sang the song and fulfilled my wish. . . but didn't give me a chance to thank you. That song of yours still echoes in my ears. I wish you would sit before me always, sing, and I keep listening to you. When I saw you the first time, my heart strings had stirred. The memory of that first touch gives so much joy and peace to my heart. . . that I cannot express it. My eyes keep looking at the door waiting to see you. Can't you make me your student in place of Prema? I am sure you will fulfill this wish of mine. Your Sagar. Savitri ! Come. - Hello sister-in-law. Atleast you came. I thought you are angry with us. Sit. . .sit down. Poor Sagar sits with the harmonium every evening waiting for you. He sent this letter with the gardener. Writing such things doesn't suit him. Will you have tea? - No. What has he written? - Read it for yourself. I don't know what to say. - I understand ! He must've praised you. If someone truly praises you, you should not take offence. And Sagar is not a stranger, he is Anoop's friend. If he is a friend, let him be friends with brother. I don't like all this. - You are very proud. How much respect he gives you people. Anoop needed money. . . and he immediately gave him money. Oh, so that's why you gave the money? That's how you weigh someone's need? What is the matter, sister-in-law? What happened? She is unnecessarily getting angry. Making fun of poverty must not be a big deal for you. In the guise of friendship and help, this is what you were thinking. I never expected that. Savitri listen. I don't even remember what I said that Savitri misunderstood. You are elder to her. Even if you told her anything, so what? Doesn't one say things to a younger sister? I was telling mom there is surely some misunderstanding. You don't know how hurt Sagar was. He was coming here yesterday itself. I don't think I have done anything wrong. If I have unknowingly made a mistake, it is my duty to apologize. . . to you, and Savitri. Come on ! When there is nothing, why apologise? This girl is immature. Anything hurts her and she starts crying. You sit, I'll make tea for you all. Anoop, is there anything on your mind? If there is, they are friends, they will sort it out. I'll go and help mother. I'll make tea. - No dear, why do you bother? It's no bother. Give, I'll wipe the glasses. We don't have enough cups. . . Okay. He's such a nice guy. He went abroad, but hasn't forgotten his culture. He is not at all proud. - He's a very good natured boy. Do you like him? I want Savitri to marry Sagar. You know our financial state. . . - Leave that to me. We want a good girl. Savitri will be very happy. But Sagar's mother. . . - Aunt is a very simple woman. She will like the girl Sagar likes. Here, have sugar, and assume the alliance is fixed. Okay mother, we will call aunt whenever you want. We will see an auspicious day and finalize everything. Good day, mother. - Good day. I'll see them off. O God, I never dreamed a proposal from such a rich home will come for Savitri. By your grace, let this. . . - Mom, this marriage won't happen. What nonsense are you talking? Do you know anything? Sagar's proposal has come for you. - I know. But I reject it. - Why? Will you stay single all your life? - Yes, I will. I don't want to do anything with people who are proud about their money. Then go marry a poor man and do chores all your life. Is there a dearth of girls for him? He'll get a thousand like you. Then let him find one, why did he have to come to my house? They came to take pity on your mother's old age. They came to do us a favour. - I don't want their favour. We are not going hungry, we manage. Did you hear that Anoop, just because she has started earning Rs. 300. . . the whole world seems small to her. She says she will not marry Sagar. Idiot! even animals think about their good. Even I have thought of it. Brother, don't fix my alliance anywhere. I'll marry a boy of my choice. What! ! Then give me poison. First keep my dead body out. - What nonsense are you talking, mom! See her fate, Anoop. Wealth itself has walked to her door, and she. . . There is a red bottle in my bag, get it quickly. Maybe some trouble befalls your mother on 4th January. Maybe she takes ill. Brother. What happened? Didn't find the medicine? Remember this date, brother? Professor's words have come true again. Yes. Take this medicine. Put four drops in water and bring it to mom. Mom, are you alright? - Yes. Take this medicine, mom. Anoop, I cannot lift my right hand. Hold this, I'll bring the doctor. - Hurry. Hurry up, doctor. Go make tea for the doctor. Close it. - Sir, snow. Sir, get up, it's the first snow of the season. What! - Yes. Take a look. Give my coat. What are you doing ! Explaining the weather's signal. We have met after so many days and. . . - Leave my hand. What are you so hot about that even the snow hasn't cooled? Madam, I've been making the rounds of your home since three days. And you were. . . - Manohar, I'm not in a mood to joke. Okay, then tell me seriously, where were you since three days? Want to know? - Yes. I didn't intend to get married now. I was thinking of giving my Msc exam in March and taking up a job. I would establish myself, make money, then think of marriage. But all this. . . - That means you cannot marry her now. Nor do you want Savitri to marry Sagar, or anyone else. That is what I want. But her mother's pressure, Sagar's obligation. . . I'm scared, sir. Sir, I have no one in the world. You are my Godfather. Be my father and talk to them. You can save us both. Savitri will marry you only. I'll go and talk to them. ''Quiet. . . lost. . . like a statue'' ''Tell me what you are thinking'' I understood ! ''I understood ; you are thinking how clouds fly without wings'' No? Then? ''I understood ; you wonder where the snow comes from'' No. . . no! - Then? ''Don't act ignorant despite knowing everything'' ''What will you understand my dilemma'' ''My heart is afraid all the time'' ''My heart keeps thinking. . . '' ''if ever I'm destined to be your bride'' ''What a stupid thing to think'' ''Don't you trust me?'' ''Ask the sky'' ''This earth will give evidence'' ''In the journey of life, we are travelers of the same destination'' ''If you fear, don't love'' ''If you love, don't fear'' Don't think, smile. Sing with me. . .sing ! ''If you fear, don't love'' ''If you love, don't fear'' What are you thinking now? ''Quiet. . . lost. . . like a statue'' ''Tell me what you are thinking'' I understood ! ''I understood ; you are thinking where we will go for our honeymoon'' ''Yes where will we go for our honeymoon?'' ''We'll go wherever you want'' ''We'll tour the country and go abroad'' ''Lost in thoughts again?'' ''I understand, you are thinking how many children we will have'' ''Yes, how many children will we have?'' ''Just two for us are enough'' ''Only two? - Then you want hundred?'' ''Not hundred, but. . . - But. . . but?'' ''Atleast two dozen ; the house will seem full'' ''God ! what are you thinking? If not me, think of the country'' ''Got scared?'' ''If you fear, don't love'' ''If you love, don't fear'' ''If our love is true, destiny will accept defeat'' We are trying our best. Doctor, the pulse is normal now. Colonel, he's out of danger. Savitri, the doctor says he's out of danger. Yes. Now come home, it is better we reach home before mom knows. Come. Brother, can I see him once? When will he regain consciousness? - Can't say anything now. Maybe five minutes, maybe five days. Any effect on his brain? - You mean, his memory? Yes. - Only time will tell that, Colonel. Maybe it's intact, maybe a part of his memory is lost forever. Don't worry, dear. Don't think Manohar has no one. I am there for him. Go home. Did you meet Manohar on the day of the accident? Yes. - What did you talk about? I told him what mom wants. - What did he say? He said the Colonel will meet mom and fix our alliance. Oh, that's why. - That's why what? Savitri, forget Manohar. - Forget Manohar? Why? Papa saw your horoscope. But I didn't tell you what he said. - What did he say? What he meant to say was if you married Manohar, then he. . . he. . . What will happen to Manohar? You will be widowed within 40 days. Whatever papa predicted about Anoop and mother came true. Just think, you just spoke of marriage to him. . . and he met with such a major accident. What will happen after marriage? I had promised papa I will not tell you anything. But I cannot watch you being ruined. Alright, if that is what is written in my destiny. . . that I cannot marry Manohar. . . then I won't get married. I won't marry anyone. You are angry with me? - No mom. Can I ever be angry with you? I am insisting in your interest, dear. I know money is not everything in life. But if you have money, a lot of life's sorrow can be eliminated. Look at me. I spent all my life doing house cores. All happiness, all comforts ended with cooking and cleaning. There was always something lacking in the house. Life just went on. Don't talk about that now. - No dear, heed me. Marry Sagar. The slur of poverty on you will get erased forever. I am not poor, mom. I have my brother's love. I have my mother's blessing. Is that wealth any less? You just get better soon. I think the fire is out. I'll light it again. Take doctor. Doctor, what is the matter? Instead of mom's health improving. . . why does it deteriorate again? That is what I want to ask you. She's getting the best treatment. Yet no medicine is working. Why? There is surely some tension due to which her blood pressure. . . is not coming down. Anoop, is some fight going on in the house? Doctor, you know Sagar. He has sent a proposal for Savitri. Mom wants her to marry him, but Savitri. . . Doesn't want to marry him. Look dear, I am a doctor. A patient's good health is my prime duty. I must tell you that tension itself is the cause of your mother's illness. Until her blood pressure doesn't come down, she won't recover. If you can make her happy, she will recover. Or maybe some day, she loses her life. Your patient has not regained consciousness yet. You sit, I'll be back. Your letter. Brother, what's news from the hospital? I could not go to the hospital, but I met the Colonel. Manohar has regained consciousness and is out of danger. Anoop, someone has come from the groom's family. Is it? Okay, come. Savitri,I got your marriage invitation. You had decided not to get married So I came to Bombay without worry. Actually, I did not tell you everything that papa said. The first 40 days of marriage are very tough on your husband. The position of planets is such that you will lose your husband. Papa has even said you are destined to a second marriage. Then you'll have a happy life. What you will do in such a situation, what you must do. . . I cannot advise you on that. Do others in your family know about this letter? No. You know about mom. If she comes to know. . . You believe in these things? Whatever professor has said until today has never been wrong. That means I have two options. Either I accept the prediction and refuse to marry you. Or knowingly invite death. If you like, the marriage can be broken. Savitri, I loved you until today. But today, by showing me this letter. . . you have even generated respect for you in my heart. The truth is, I don't believe in these things. Yet, the astrologer has given me 40 days time. If by destiny, I even get four days with you. . . I'll think I got four lives. I'm coming with the marriage procession. Sir, isn't that a marriage procession? - Yes. Whose is it? - Must be some fortunate person. Sister, no girl ever came to see me here? Yes, a girl came everyday. - Why? Didn't believe me? It's not that, sir. Since I have regained consciousness. . . I desperately wish to see her. If she hasn't come, she must be having some problem. Repeat after me, son. From today, with the fire as witness. . . With the fire as witness. . . I accept you as my wife. I accept you as my wife. Savitri, you take the vow. With Lord Vishnu as witness. . . With Lord Vishnu as witness. . . I vow. . . - I vow. . . that I accept you as my husband, in word, heart, body. . . I accept you as my husband, in word, heart, body. . . . And will always be with you. Repeat dear. I'll always be with you like a shadow. Sister-in-law, why were you crying while leaving Shimla? Because she got separated from her brother and mother. Don't feel sad, sister-in-law. I am with you. I will eat with you, I will play with you, and also sleep with you. You'll even sleep with her? What happened, Prema? - The car broke down, brother. Sisters-in-law, come out, the weather is so good. The current is not reaching here. And look at the battery. It's become like him. Close this. I'll take the steering, you all push. Push hard. The car started ! Brother! Brother! Brother survived ! Bless you, dear. Are you alright? Did you get hurt? - No mom. Aunty, your daughter-in-law is an angel. With her good luck, Sagar survived such a major accident. You are right. My daughter-in-law is as lucky as she is beautiful. Come dear. Atleast we reached up to the nuptial night. Or the accident was so bad that I was almost. . . I'm sure you prayed to God for my safety. The thought that the prediction was right must have crossed your mind. But God must have thought, he'll take my life later if he has to. When they have got married, let them celebrate the nuptial night. How fortunate I am. The one, to take whom in my arms, I used to lose sleep over. . . is making my heart pound. These hands, who I used to dream of holding for a moment. . . are in my hand for life. The face I used to crave to get a glimpse of. . . is so close to me today, that my breaths touch it. Look here, Savitri. What is this? Tears in your eyes tonight. . . . No Savitri, you don't have to cry. I understand what's on your mind. You are thinking that in the next 40 days, I'm going to die. So it is better if you are left a virgin for your second marriage. I don't believe in predictions. But I do love you. And in love, there is no compulsion. Savitri, for 40 days, I will not touch you. Today is 18th January. We'll celebrate our nuptial night. . . on the 2 6th of next month. You sleep on the bed, I'll sleep on the carpet below. No, why will you sleep on the floor? I will. Shall we go to Savitri's house on the way? How will we go? We don't have the permit for Mall road. Take sir. Take, drink Bornvita. It will give you strength. You have faith in God, don't you, son? Yes. They say, whatever God does if for good. I think, when God cannot find a solution to a problem. . . he invents accidents. Know why your accident happened? God didn't want you to marry Savitri. What? - Savitri is married. With Sagar. Savitri, Champa here. - When did you return from Bombay? Last evening. How are you? Is everything alright? Yes. Did you get my letter? - Yes. Did you get it before your marriage? - Yes. Then? All those things seem to be coming true. Why don't you talk openly? Is anyone around you? I'll write everything in the letter. You tell me, how is he? Met him? Yes, I met him at the mall yesterday. At first, I didn't recognise him. What a state he was in. Just like a dejected lover. He has even quit studying. - Why didn't you convince him? I tried hard, but he is not ready to hear anything. He kept saying, ' Savitri cheated me' ' She is a liar, a betrayer. She sold my love for money' ' Don't talk about her in my presence. She is dead for me' He is heart broken, Savitri. He is not the old Manohar any more. He kept saying, ' Savitri cheated me' ' She is a liar, a betrayer. She sold my love for money' ' Don't talk about her in my presence. She is dead for me' He is heart broken, Savitri. He is not the old Manohar any more. My dear Manohar. How are you, Manohar? - How do I look? Anyway, you tell me, what brings you here? I came to give you my marriage invitation. With Anoop? Congratulations. - Thank you. And yes, a letter for you. Whose? - Read it. If it is Savitri, then I'm sorry, I'm not interested in reading it. It is Savitri's, and you will have to read it too. She has written to me that if you read it, you'll understand her helplessness. Take. . .don't have so much hatred. Sit. Fool ! - Who? Me, who else? She was right when she said she was helpless. To save my life, she suppressed her love and got married. And I kept blaming her. But you are responsible for it. - Me? Yes. Had you told me about your papa's 40 days prediction. . . I would never misunderstand Savitri. Sister-in-law, you have dealt very bad cards. Who is Yamraj? - I don't know. I think I'll lose again. - Tell me! I have not met him yet. Give me one good card atleast. Sister-in-law, you tell me who Yamraj is. He is the God of death. - He kills? Then why did he bring Satyavan back to life? Because his wife was a chaste woman. Yamraj had to accept defeat before her. Who is a chaste woman? One who doesn't think of any other man other than her husband. One who worships her husband. - But it is God who is worshiped. For a wife, her husband is God. - Sister-in-law, even you are Savitri. Keep quiet! - I'm not talking to you. Even your name is Savitri. Are you also chaste? Yes, your sister-in-law is also chaste. The chaste Savitri has come to our home. Mom, then why do you worry about brother? Even Yamraj cannot take brother away from sister-in-law. Yes, you are right. I'll get tea. Today, when you belong to me, why are you so distant despite being so near. Wish you were in my place, you'd realise my yearning then. How I count every day. How every day seems like eternity. No Savitri, I can hold back any more. I fear I may break the vow I have given you. What is this? Why just one cup? I had tea with mother. You don't even eat with me. Am I not even destined to have tea with you? Savitri, why so much. . . - Sagar, Savitri, congratulations! Your brother is getting married. The invitation has come with a letter. When is the marriage? Brother, even we will come for the marriage. Even I will come. If you all leave, how will I live alone here? It's just a matter of 2-3 days. You also come along if possible. Yes mom, you also come. - No, how can I come? No Mr.Ashok, our marriage won't be fun without you. Go to Delhi after the marriage. Should I come home in the evening and make your wife convince you? That's better. So you are coming. Congratulations on your marriage. - Thank you. Did you get the invitation? - Yes, but I'm from the bride's side. How is that? - Your father-in-law is my professor. We will receive you on his behalf. - That's okay. Whether my guest or hers, you are coming for the wedding? Ofcourse. Anoop, I have come to take advise from you. Is it?. . . Come, we'll sit inside. Friends, I have not come here to tell you my name is Manohar. I have even not come here to tell you I am still a bachelor. Why do you worry? Even you will get married soon. You have our good wishes. - No sir, don't make that mistake. Please take back your good wishes. I am reminded of a poem on the occasion of this marriage. The title is, ' marriage is a game of Kabaddi' So here I go. . . ' Marriage is a game of kabaddi' ' Both get down into the ring tightening their thongs' ''They are as happy as a thief having found a wad of notes' ''But when the kabaddi began. . . ' Which means, running the family began. ''But when the kabaddi began, the prices began to pinch' ''Everything was so expensive, the husband's back bone broke' ' So when his back bone broke, the husband said. . . ' ' why did I play kabaddi? ! ' Now I'll take your leave, because if you keep laughing, when will you eat? And if you don't eat, it will be an injustice to professor's expenses. Look here, the groom is sitting tired. Anoop, forget about the gifts. Take care of our sister, Champa. Give her something to eat. - Come Champa. Your husband must have come. Won't you introduce me to him? Come. Why are you laughing? Can't I sing? Listen. Meet him. He is mister. . . He has already introduced himself. My name is Sagar, & I am her husband. I am her fan. . .of her music. She is my younger sister, Prema. And he is my younger brother. . . And your name? - Manohar. . . Manohar Dani. Dani? - Yes, Dani( rich ) in name only. I don't have any money. People call me Manohar guide, Champion. . . and for some, I am even an egg seller. Egg seller? Why egg seller? Since childhood, I am looking for that hen that will give me golden eggs. I didn't find the hen, but I did get the tag of egg seller. You talk, I'll meet Champa and come. Sit down. Sorry, I could not attend your marriage. Yes, had you come, the marriage would be fun. Is it? Then do one thing. Marry one more time. You are not eating anything. - I have eaten a lot. And this fruit cream is very good. - Eat one more. No. - Eat one that I get you. You will enjoy it more. Give me one, Sagar has liked it. Poison. What if the professor's prediction doesn't come true? Savitri, you don't know how I live without you. This fruit cream cup will end the matter. No one will come to know in the party. ''Wonder how in moments change. . . '' ''the changing relationships of this world'' ''Wonder how, in colours merge. . . '' ''the changing relationships of this world'' ''If they bond and unite hearts. . . '' ''and then break, they break the heart'' ''They bloom somewhere as flowers'' ''Wonder where, at what point. . . '' ''they cheat and deceive the heart. . . '' ''the changing relationships of this world'' ''Those who have got separated from their dear ones. . . '' ''do you think they are not sad with the separation?'' ''But why accept defeat against sorrows. . . '' ''and poison a life'' ''It's all a game of destiny'' ''It is destiny that changes. . . '' ''the changing relationships of this world'' ''Relationships never break'' ''What break are not relationships'' ''A smile is hidden behind sadness'' ''Even in suppressed sorrow, there is happiness hidden somewhere'' ''The truth is that only love changes our lives'' ''The changing relationships of this world'' If only 20-25 thousand is reduced, what's the point? If atleast 1-2 lakh is not reduced in a deal worth millions. . . what's the point of my coming along? Hello Savitri. - Hello. Why did you bother? Now you'll have to bother. . .to drink tea. Savitri, you make tea, I'll get dressed and come. Savitri, do you know why I specially came here? I want to know why you messed things last night. Why did you. . . Manohar, why should we commit the sin of killing an innocent man? My conscience felt guilty all night. And I did not expect this from you. It was a better idea. He'd be out of our way sooner. I understand. It was my mistake I told you I am mixing poison. I had forgotten that you are a woman, and women are soft. Anyway, my only consolation is you didn't tell Sagar anything about it. Which proves how much you love me. Or you could have exposed me in everyone's presence & sent me to jail. Is that what you expect of me? What's the point. When I see so much love for me in you. . . I cannot hold myself back. Every single day without you. . . Manohar please! leave it all to destiny. It's just a matter of a few days and. . . - No Savi, that's not possible. How can I sit twiddling my thumbs? You'll have to do something about it. What will she have to do? You'll have to do something about her music. She says she cannot practice there in her in-laws home. Why? Who's stopping her? Everyone loves music in our home. Mom likes hymns, Prema is her student. And I have always loved her voice. Shall I make tea for you? - No, I'm getting late. I'm leaving. Come Manohar. I'm sorry I'm late. - You change, I'll heat dinner. No, I ate so much with Manohar in the evening, I'm not at all hungry. What a man ! You come across very few such friendly and genial characters. I'm quite reserved. I don't mix with anyone so soon. But Manohar, he's a magnet. Absolute magnet. Thank you very much. For what? - For introducing me to him. Why is Manohar getting friendly with Sagar? He talks a lot. What if our secret is known to Sagar? What if Manohar does something untoward carried away by emotion? What do I do? How do I keep them away? Mother had called. She is not keeping well. What happened? - She has a bad cold. I told her we are coming tomorrow. - No, I have work here. What work do you have? Shall I tell you something? You have proved very lucky for me. Since I have come from abroad, I didn't know what business to start. Today with Manohar's help. . . I am striking a deal of a fruit canning factory. He helped bring down the price by Rs. 250000. But I was thinking, we'll have to stay in Shimla for a few more days. And mom's health. . . - Don't worry. You all move on, I'll finish the paper work and come. Mom, how are you? - I'm fine. First you tell me, did your work get done? Yes mom. This is my first business. Give me your blessings. My blessings are always with you. Come Manohar. It is with his help I struck the factory deal. Is it? - Sit down, Manohar. Until the work at the factory begins, he will stay here with me. Are Bipin and Urmila okay? - Yes mom, they are fine. She sent these socks for you. - She did good. The socks in the market don't keep me warm. Go take a wash, and ask for a room to be cleaned for him. Okay mom. Come Manohar. I will wait for you in my room at night. Savi, you? Come. Close the door and come in. You should not have come here. - Why? You are putting me in trouble. - How is that? I didn't approve of what you did during day. So you don't like the gestures of my love anymore. Manohar, leave. Not like that. I will finish my job here and leave. No Manohar, I have warned you against it before. If you love me even a little, don't try doing anything like that. You are unnecessarily worried. I'm no nincompoop. A small accident will happen, and Sagar will. . . No Manohar! - Where are you, Manohar? Hide somewhere! Go behind the door, come on ! In bed already? Not hungry? I am very hungry. - Then come. Savitri, why are you going upstairs? Everyone is waiting dinner for you. I'll be a minute. A small accident will happen, and Sagar will. . . No! I killed him. I had to fire two shots, then he died. No! - What happened? Your wife is very faint hearted. She saw blood and turned pale. It was fun hunting this cock. Ask the cook to make a tasty meal of him. What happened? - That. . .snake. . . What are you doing ! What if it bites? It's a rubber snake. Manohar bought it for Kishen yesterday. But how did you push it away from my chest? With my hand. - What if it had bitten you? How would it, it's a rubber snake. - That it is now. When you pushed it away with your hand, it was real then. Savitri, I realise your feelings today. This snake exposed the secret of your heart. I am sure that you may not love me, but you don't want to see me dead. Your milk. Had I not given you my word, today I would. . . Anyway it's just a matter of three days. Run ! - I won't get out. Enough Sagar. I'm tired running. - Come on ! you are a sportsman. That I am, but if you hit a six at every ball,even a marathoner will tire. I am just Manohar. Kishenlal, ask for tea. Sister-in-law, shall we come? - No, not yet. Brother, let's take a stroll. - Okay. Come Manohar. Not me. I won't be able to walk even two steps. You go take a walk, pick me up on your return. Let him rest, we'll go. - Catch me. Saw how skillfully I avoided them. It is so many days since I came here. . . but we haven't got a chance to meet alone. Leave my hand. - Why are you afraid? They won't be back so soon. Shall we do something? - What brazenness is this? Where are you going? I won't. . . - Don't you dare touch me! You changed so soon? But don't forget, after Sagar's death, I am your only support. Or it is that you have developed greed for Sagar's wealth? And think that if Sagar dies, you have his wealth to enjoy all your life. Alright, think that, but don't think I'll wait for you. Even I need a girl. And for the time being, Prema is not bad. Take a peg, you'll feel relaxed. I don't. . . - You don't drink? I haven't taken a vow but. . . I remembered some lines written by someone. Shall I recite them? - Sure. ' Who greater than myself to console my heart' ' What is the glory of the garden, I am that flower' ' What am I not?' ' I am liquor, I am looks' ' I am a beautiful reply to every question of life' Great! Wonderful. ' I am a beautiful reply to every question of life' Shall I ask you something? - Yes. When you have accepted me as your friend, why hesitate? You are so jovial, smart, handsome. Many girls must be crazy about you. - Yes, many girls were. But you love only one. Come sister-in-law. Manohar was telling us his love story. Savitri. . .sit down. So, who did you love? Forget it. What is the point narrating an unsuccessful love story. You must be joking. She must be very unfortunate who will cheat you. She cheated me, and how well. She got lost in the sheen of money and wealth. Are you still waiting for her? I am a man totally broke. Then who do I wait for? What do I wait for? ''She is not the same who I was desperate for'' ''Who do I wait for? What do I wait for?'' ''What had to happen has happened, what was bad in that'' ''It is good that the false trust broke'' ''Who do I wait for? What do I wait for?'' ''With one flower falling, the garden does not get destroyed'' ''There are many other beautiful flowers in the garden'' ''Who do I wait for? What do I wait for?'' ''Life is not just about one unsuccessful love affair'' ''If there is life, I will meet many more lovers'' ''Who do I wait for? What do I wait for?'' Who is that? Savitri? What? ! Is it? Don't worry Savitri, we are coming. Whose call was it? - Savitri's. Get dressed quickly, we have to leave for Savitri's in-law's home. What happened? - Manohar has gone there. She is very upset. She is calling us for help. No, I don't even have time to die today. If the loan is not accepted from the bank, I'll have a problem. You are worried about the loan. . . and I am worried Manohar may do something irresponsible. What can he do in a day? We'll go tomorrow. No, the taxi driver will be with me. You'll go alone with the taxi driver? No, I cannot take that risk. Even I'll come with you. Sister-in-law, you also come. It will be fun. No, I'm not coming. Savitri, where is Prema? - Prema ! Mom is calling you. We will be back by evening, you manage the lunch. I'll drop them and come back. I'll eat lunch at home. Okay. - Let's go, mom. Come Savitri. There is no one at home right now other than us. You better leave, Manohar. - How can I leave now? My job is not done yet. - What job? I want a share in Sagar's property. Share in property? Yes, a third share, of Prema. I want to marry Prema, so that. . . - Impossible! I knew you would never allow Sagar to do that. And then, why will a millionaire get his sister married to a pauper like me? But if I and Prema get into a physical relationship before marriage. . . you will have to get us married. - That will never happen ! It will ! - It won't! I'll never let it happen. Remember Manohar, my name is Savitri; who had fought Yamraj. Yamraj was foolish that he got influenced by talks. I have a weapon that can never fail. Your love letter. You would not want your husband to read it. Nor want your mother-in-law to know that her dutiful daughter-in-law. . . writes a love letter to her lover and calls him home. It is in your interest that you let me play my game. And silently watch what's happening. Savitri, you. . . You rascal ! You want to ruin Prema's life? What is the matter? Saw a bad dream? Who were you fighting with? Who is ruining Prema's life? Let me also know. Who were you abusing in your dream? Save Prema. Save this family's honour. Throw him out of the house. - But who? Who are you talking about? - Manohar. Yes. He is not your friend. He has come to take revenge from me. He has come to snatch my happiness. He has come to defame me. But why? What is your relationship with him? I kept many things secret from you until today. I am your culprit. But I will tell you everything today. I used to love Manohar. Sit down and hear the story of my sin. Then give me whatever punishment you want. Throw me out of the house, kill me, but please sit down. Getting your sister married doesn't mean you are finished with her. I'm coming with you. - You wasted three hours leaving. You were busy taking calls. Why are you getting angry, we'll reach soon. Get in. And then one day I came to know Manohar thought I betrayed him. In my love, he had forgotten himself. I could not bear that, and I wrote to him. . . that I still loved him, that I will belong to him after 40 days. How shameless I had become. Despite being a married woman. . . I was waiting for my husband to die. Your surviving every accident made everyone feel I was an lucky. And I was such a selfish woman, I kept my secret and continued to stay here. Then what happened? At Anoop's wedding, when Manohar met me. . . . he had something else on his mind. At the reception party, he even mixed poison in your fruit cream cup. And you didn't let me consume that poison. I would accept what was written in my destiny. . . but didn't want Manohar to take an innocent life. You are telling me all this today? My only reason for keeping it a secret was I loved Manohar even then. And he took advantage of this weakness of mine. He pretended to be your friend and entered this house. With what intention? For you, or to take my life? For both. But when he realized I didn't encourage him. . . but discouraged him instead, he abused me. And said that if he cannot get me, he'll take Prema. When he became friendly with Prema, I scolded him. I asked him to leave, but he threatened me. What threat? He asked me to seal my lips. Or he will show the letter I'd written to him to you. He has stooped very low. To take revenge from me, he will ruin Prema's life. Where are you going? He has a gun. Let me go! - I won't let you go to him. Today is the last day of the prediction. Leave me! - No! Where is Manohar? - In the outhouse. Come Sagar. What is wrong with you? - You cheater! You wanted to ruin my sister's life? You rascal ! You had come to blackmail my wife? You rogue! You wanted to kill me? I won't spare you today! - You cannot kill me. Sagar, today is the 40th day of the prediction. And the last day of your life too. - No! Don't you dare, Manohar! One step and I'll shoot you ! What are you doing, Savitri? There are real bullets in it. You rascal ! Rogue! You are afraid now? What are you doing, Savitri ! I'll die! Die. . .die. .die! What are you doing ! - Let me die. I don't deserve to live. I don't deserve you. If anyone has a right to live, it is you. You have proved, that even in today's world, there are chaste wives. No, I am nothing. Against your love and sacrifice, I am nothing. I am not worthy of you. It is magnanimous of you that despite knowing everything. . . you are accepting me. No, our love is accepting each other. The 40 days of the prediction are over today. Your professor's words turned out to be wrong. I mean, almost getting proved right, they got proved wrong. If you wish. . . shall we celebrate our nuptial night tonight? Driver, stop. What happened, Manohar? - Relationships changed forever. Really? - The colonel's gun is left there. Please bring it back with you. - Gun? Were shots fired? Yes, some fake, some real. My bus has come, I'm leaving. What was Manohar saying? Whose relationship changed? Manohar has made a huge sacrifice. He has saved the honor of two homes. Sagar's home, and ours. Remember you took Savitri's letter to Manohar before our marriage? But how do you know? Manohar came with the letter to me the same day. Oh God ! all this. . . I don't understand how a sensible, educated girl like Savitri. . . wrote such a letter. How did she forget that after marriage, her husband. . . and marital home should mean everything to her. Just think, what if this letter had got into someone's hands? Manohar, forgive me, even I misunderstood you for a minute. I'll go to her in-law's home today itself and explain to her. . . No Anoop, one never understands such things with words. The solution to it is something else. - What? I'll have to do something whereby Savitri begins to hate me forever. And he actually did it. Do you know, at our wedding reception. . . Manohar gave Sagar poison. - Poison ! what are you saying? It was poison to show Savitri, but it was ordinary glucose. But Savitri didn't tell me anything. - You? She didn't even tell Sagar. When Manohar saw such a big incident also did not affect her. . . he made friends with Sagar and reached her in-law's home. And he managed to create hatred for himself in Savitri's mind. That is why he said the relationship changed forever. ''Relationships never break'' ''What break are not relationships'' ''A smile is hidden behind sadness'' ''Even in suppressed sorrow, there is happiness hidden somewhere'' ''The truth is that only love changes our lives'' ''The changing relationships of this world''

Loop quantum gravity is a theory of quantum gravity, merging quantum mechanics and general relativity. Its goal is to unify gravity in a common theoretical framework with the other three fundamental forces of nature, beginning with relativity and adding quantum features. It competes with string theory that begins with quantum field theory and adds gravity. From the point of view of Albert Einstein's theory, all attempts to treat gravity as another quantum force equal in importance to electromagnetism and the nuclear forces have failed. According to Einstein, gravity is not a force - it is a property of space-time itself. Loop quantum gravity is an attempt to develop a quantum theory of gravity based directly on Einstein's geometric formulation. To do this, in LQG theory space and time are quantized, analogously to the way quantities like energy and momentum are quantized in quantum mechanics. The theory gives a physical picture of spacetime where space and time are granular and discrete directly because of quantization just like photons in the quantum theory of electromagnetism and the discrete energy levels of atoms. Distance exists with a minimum. Space's structure prefers an extremely fine fabric or network woven of finite loops. These networks of loops are called spin networks. The evolution of a spin network, or spin foam, has a scale on the order of a Planck length, approximately 10−35 metres, and smaller scales do not exist. Consequently, not just matter, but space itself, prefers an atomic structure. The vast areas of research developed in several directions that involves about 30 research groups worldwide. They all share the basic physical assumptions and the mathematical description of quantum space. Research follows two directions: the more traditional canonical loop quantum gravity, and the newer covariant loop quantum gravity, called spin foam theory. Physical consequences of the theory proceed in several directions. The most well-developed applies to cosmology, called loop quantum cosmology, the study of the early universe and the physics of the Big Bang. Its greatest consequence sees the evolution of the universe continuing beyond the Big Bang called the Big Bounce.

[MUSIC PLAYING] LIZA MUNDY: Thank you for inviting me. It's a thrill to be here on the Cambridge campus of Google. And as I'm sure all of you well know, we are-- for the past year and a half, we've been in a sort of renewed discussion of inclusion of women in the tech sector, the experience of women in the tech sector. This is a conversation that we periodically seem to have and I'm here to remind you that women helped create and found the tech sector, so much of which was created and pioneered during World War II. My book, "Code Girls," is not about coding so much as it is about code breaking during World War II. Our code breaking force was actually larger than the British force at Bletchley Park and more than half of it was female. And this is an untold story. I think of it as a mash-up of "The Imitation Game" and "The Greatest Generation," actually, because these women were the hidden figures of "The Greatest Generation." So a mash-up of all three of those. And I like to start my talks with this slide, which sort of depicts the plight of the educated woman in 1942. This shows the May court at Goucher College in the spring of 1942. A May court, as far as I could tell, it was a very common thing for colleges to have at the time. It was sort of a vestige, I think, of a Pagan fertility ritual, in which young female college seniors are dressed in virginal white and symbolically ushered into the marriage market. And Goucher College at that time was what they call a girls' school. The women who went there were called Goucher girls. It was an all-female college in urban Baltimore, Maryland. It's now coeducational in suburban Towson. But at the time, it was all female. It had been founded, like most women's colleges, in the late 19th century at a time when people generally believed that higher education was not only unnecessary for women but not necessarily good for women. That it sort of made women over-educated, obnoxious, difficult to live with. There was actually a Harvard physician-- this is no kidding-- who argued that higher education made women infertile because it swelled their brains at the expense of their wombs. And people accepted that, or some version of that viewpoint, about the pointlessness, really, of giving women too much education. And so schools like Goucher and the Seven Sisters schools, many of which are here in Massachusetts, were founded to tilt against that viewpoint. To show that women deserved an education and that women could succeed in a difficult learning environment. So these were very academically ambitious schools that were founded to educate young women. And the women on this platform were more unusual than they would even have realized, in the sense that, at this time, only 4% of American women achieved a four-year college degree. And one reason for that was because of this attitude that it wasn't necessarily good for women to become over-educated, and of course because so many campuses in that day were still closed to women. The Ivy League was largely closed to women. My home state of Virginia-- the University of Virginia actually held out for as long as it could, into the late 1960s, before it would award a full four-year degree to women. And so there were many campuses that were closed to women and there were many families, particularly coming out of the Depression, that were reluctant to pay the tuition for a girl to go to college. Because even if a young woman was very motivated and did very well, in terms of jobs that were available after graduation, really the only job a woman could count on upon graduating from a fine institution was teaching school. And that's great if you want to be a school teacher, but if you want to be an engineer or an architect or a lawyer or a physician, if you're a woman, you would largely be shut out of those graduate schools and those business networks. So many families would do the calculation and conclude that it wasn't worthwhile to educate a daughter. But one reason that a family might decide to send a girl to a girl's school like Goucher would be so she could get the proverbial MRS degree. So that she could date and hopefully marry a young man attending a neighboring men's school, like, in this case, Johns Hopkins or Annapolis, the Naval Academy, which was 20 miles away from Goucher. And so I've interviewed many of the young women on this platform, or some of them at least, and they recall a lot of dating and also enormous pressure to get married. And so they experienced sort of the twin pressures of wanting to do well and prove that women deserve to be educated but knowing that they were under a lot of pressure to get married by graduation. And so, just to show you, for example, how strong this pressure was, at Wellesley College in Massachusetts, the yearbook in the class of '42 actually had a section naming all of the young women who were engaged to be married and who they were engaged to be married to, as well as names of women who had left before graduation in order to get married and who they had married. So that's how intense the pressure was to get married. That's why they had rituals like the May court to symbolize that they were being ushered into the marriage market. Wellesley at the time had something called the senior class hoop role, and the lore around the hoop role was that the winner of that would be the class' first bride. What I love about this particular photo, though, is it shows how the world was changing and how the trajectory of these women's lives was about to change enormously. So if you look at this young woman where the cursor is, her name was Jacqueline Jenkins. Later on, after she married, after the war, her married name would be Jacqueline Jenkins Nye, mother of Bill Nye, the Science Guy, so you can get a sense of her intellectual chops. And this was her good friend, Gwynneth Gminder. And these two young women had already been secretly tapped by the US Navy to learn how to become code breakers. So they were being ushered into an arcane field that nobody in the United States would have heard of at that time. Code making and code breaking, as you may know-- many people in this room might have indulged in it at some point in your lives or now-- it's an impulse that goes back really to the beginning of human communication, as long as we've been able to write and speak. We have, at some point, had the urge to communicate secretly with somebody using a code or cipher that nobody else can break. And if you don't believe that this is true, when I speak to elementary school audiences and I ask those kids how many people in that classroom have made a secret code or cipher at some point in their lives, every hand goes up because it's also a really universal impulse that children feel to communicate without adults being able to listen in. So Julius Caesar had a cipher. You might have heard of it. You would move a letter four spaces ahead in the alphabet and substitute that letter-- that's called a substitution cipher. As you may know, the mark of a good code and cipher is that ease of use between the people who know the system and unbreakability by the rest of the world. So the cipher that Caesar used would satisfy the ease of use but not the unbreakability in terms of the rest of the world. That's a pretty easy cipher, actually, to break. So these young women were being ushered into a field that has existed since the dawn of communication. That was very familiar in Europe for centuries before this time because of diplomatic intrigue, because of wars between European countries and kingdoms. But in the United States, we were more naive about what was called listening in or reading other gentlemen's mail. We were reluctant before the war to do it, but we were having to learn to do it pretty quickly. And so these young women-- these two young women, along with about a dozen other Goucher classmates, were being secretly trained in a locked classroom at the top of Goucher Hall, taught by a Naval officer as well as an English professor named Ola Winslow. Nobody on this platform knew that they were being prepared for a completely different future than the one that had been envisioned for them. Their families didn't know, their brothers didn't know, their boyfriends didn't know, their roommates didn't know that they were secretly training to become Naval code breakers. And the reason that those young women had been tapped to learn how to do this work of course was because on December 7, 1941, we were attacked at Pearl Harbor. It was a surprise attack. Our fleet was anchored in Pearl Harbor. The goal of the Japanese was to destroy our Pacific fleet and to drive us to our knees. It had the opposite effect, of course. It galvanized the American public. Every young man wanted to sign up to fight. And so the attack at Pearl Harbor was the galvanizing event that propelled us into World War II. We declared war on Japan the next day. Germany declares war on us several days later. And all of a sudden, we were in what was called at the time total war. Global war. All of a sudden, men are shipping out on aircraft carriers in the Pacific Ocean, on convoys going across the Atlantic Ocean to Europe and to North Africa, and so we are suddenly at war at exactly the time when we understand just how unprepared we are in terms of our intelligence gathering abilities, because the other thing that Pearl Harbor was was a massive intelligence failure. So I'm from the Washington DC area. We take for granted that we have 17 intelligence agencies in Washington now. We had none of that at the beginning of World War II, when we are suddenly sending so many young American men into harm's way. We have been reminded or we have been sort of woken up to our inability to anticipate what the enemy is going to do. Pearl Harbor was a terrible surprise, particularly to the US military, particularly to the US Navy, and heads are going to roll as a result of that terrible surprise. And so what will happen in Washington DC is that we will start to very try to quickly build up our intelligence gathering operation. The Office of Strategic Services will be formed. Our first really spy network, which will become the CIA, but it takes time to build a spy network in foreign countries. And what we could learn how to do much more quickly was intercept enemy signals and learn how to break the enemy code systems. So if you've seen "The Imitation Game," you're familiar with at least one of these code systems, which is the cipher that's being generated by the Enigma machine that the Germans are using. All of the German military services, particularly the U Boats, we are concerned about. Admiral Donitz is communicating with every U Boat, using enciphered communications that have been scrambled by the Enigma machine that is in every U Boat. And so that's just an example of one system that's being used during the war. And just to give you a sense of how many enciphered and encoded systems are now racing through the airwaves, if you think of how many communications you send through the air every day-- emails, tweets, Instagrams, Facebook updates, everything that you send all day long. You might be sending them now. If you are, it's fine. But you can imagine, you know, if you individually are sending this many messages, think about during World War II, this far-flung war in which enemy commanders are having to communicate over thousands of miles with the people that they command. Admiral Donitz is communicating with every U Boat. Some of the boats are thousands of-- you know, 100,000 miles away from his command. And so all of these enciphered and encoded communication systems are traveling through the airwaves. Radio waves. They are being encoded and enciphered, sent generally using Morse code, and that is what we have to learn how to snatch out of the airwaves and decipher in order that there not be another Pearl Harbor attack as we are sending our young men into harm's way. So the US Navy knows that it has to ramp up practically overnight. It has to, as we would say today, scale up its code-breaking force practically overnight. And it has to do this at exactly the moment when the young men it would normally recruit to learn how to do this work are suddenly unavailable because they're fighting. And so the Navy before World War II had a very small code-breaking bureau. It was not a prestigious occupation in the US Navy. You can imagine, if you're a career Naval officer, you want to be commanding a ship. You want to be out there on the ocean. So there was a very small code-breaking force and there were monthly memos that were generated to say where they were getting the sort of minds that they needed in order to learn how to do this work. So this was-- when I was doing my research at the National Archives, I looked through these monthly memos. And normally, before the war, the Navy would have turned to MIT. It would have turned to Harvard. It would turn to places-- the Ivy League-- to find young men who were trainable to do this work. And you can see in this memo, the light bulb moment going on over some Naval bureaucrat's head. Since the young men are unavailable to us, let's see what these educated young women can do. So you see, I've circled "new source, women's colleges." The light bulb moment goes on. Let us try these educated and trained young women who have been at these great schools. They've had Latin, they've had Greek, they've had physics, they've had math, they've had English. You know, they had this really great liberal arts education. So let's see if they can serve the nation. And so young women at Goucher, as well as all of the Seven Sisters colleges-- Wellesley, Smith, Radcliffe, Bryn Mawr-- young women would be secretly identified by their math and astronomy professors. They were being invited in one by one to secret conferences. It was like a Harry Potter moment for these young women, when you get the letter. And so they would be invited in. They would be asked two questions-- do you like crossword puzzles and are you engaged to be married. And if they answered yes to the first and no to the second, then they would be invited to take a secret correspondence course that the US Navy had developed to train its cryptographers. To train its cryptanalysts and code breakers. And they would come to Washington DC-- this first cohort of women who would train all during their senior year, at the same time that they were doing all the academic work they need to graduate. They would come to Washington at exactly the moment when we understand in a major way how important code breaking is going to be to the outcome of this war. And keep in mind that in 1942, it was not foreordained that we were going to win World War II. That the Allies were going to win World War II. It looked very bleak, right? All of Europe now is occupied or is an Axis country. Japan is a very, very formidable foe in the Pacific. So we do not anticipate that we're going to win this war. It's a very, very scary moment. And so the women, after they graduate in June of 1942, they are exhorted by the US Navy to come to Washington as soon as they can. There are so many of them that they're sitting on upturned waste baskets in the very crowded central Naval facility. And in June of '42, if you've heard of any battle in World War II, any sea battle, you probably heard of the Battle of Midway. And that was a very important battle in the Pacific that turned on our ability to break the Japanese naval fleet code. And the reason that we knew how that fleet code worked was because a woman named Agnes Driscoll, a math and music teacher from Texas, had been a civilian working in the Navy's code-breaking bureau and she had diagnosed that the Japanese naval fleet code consisted of five-digit code groups. Might stand for, let's say, destroyer. Five digits. And then they would add-- to encipher that code group, they would add five digits to that code group to encipher each digit, right? To change each digit using something called non-carrying addition. Agnes Driscoll had spent the 1930s figuring out how the Japanese system worked. The reason that we weren't able to read those messages right before Pearl Harbor was because the Japanese had changed their code books, as they did periodically, and then we would have to start all over again, figuring out what the code group stood for. But we were back in by June of 1942. The Japanese had set out to ambush us on the island of Midway and finish off our Pacific fleet. We read those messages. We were waiting to ambush the ambushers. We defeated the Japanese in the three-day sea battle that's now one of the most famous sea battles of all time. And all of a sudden, it's understood that code breaking is no longer an obscure, unprestigious occupation. It's going to be central to victory in both theaters of war. And so the women are pouring into Washington at exactly the moment when we understand how important their work is going to be. So just to give you a sense of the division of labor when we enter the war, if you've seen "The Imitation Game," you know that the British, thanks to Alan Turing and a large code-breaking force, have diagnosed how the German Enigma system works. So the British are going to be the lead code breakers for the Atlantic Ocean and the European theater, at least at the outset. But we are going to be a junior partner working with them because we are now at risk, right? We're sending all these young men across the Atlantic. The convoys are being terribly menaced by the wolf packs-- that the U Boats are sinking our convoys. But we're going to let the British take the lead on that, at least at first, but we have lead code-breaking responsibility for the massive Pacific Ocean where we have just been terribly surprised not that long ago. And so the US Navy is going to be primarily responsible for breaking the Japanese naval fleet code. So that's what those young women are going to do. But meanwhile, our US Army has responsibility for a completely different set of codes and ciphers being used by the Japanese Army, which is now spread out on all these islands around the Pacific, right? The Japanese have taken the Philippines. They've taken Guam. They've taken Wake Island. They've taken the Malay Peninsula. They've taken all of these land masses and the Japanese Army is communicating back with Tokyo. And so our US Army is ultimately going to need thousands of code breakers to break these systems and it also needs women. And so World War II is this wonderful, terrible moment where there is unparalleled competition for the first time for smart, educated women, to show what they can do. So the private sector is going to start competing for women. MIT is going to start taking women into its graduate programs to run its analog computers. And the US Navy and the US Army are going to start a hot competition for educated women. When I was doing my research, I found memos in which the Navy was pissed off because the Army got to Wheaton College or Connecticut College before it got there. And it argued that the army was poaching its girls. So when the US Army had to figure out where it's going to get its educated women, it decides to turn to teachers colleges as well. These are humbler institutions where women are being trained to become school teachers. So I'll just show you because you'll hear from her at the very end, Dorothy Ramale was training to be a math teacher at Indiana State Teachers College in Pennsylvania. To be a math teacher was a high aspiration for a woman because a lot of departments wouldn't hire women as math professors. This is my central character, Dot Braden. She's still alive. She'll be 99 this June. So back in 1942, she was a school teacher in Chatham, Virginia. And what I love about the Army's recruiting strategy, which is different from the Navy's, the Army decided that recruiting secretly at teachers colleges wouldn't be enough for its needs. So it decided to massively recruit in public, trying to get women to sign up to do secret war work in Washington. So it decided to recruit school teachers-- actual school teachers. Young, overworked, underpaid young women who by definition were single, because in almost any occupation at the time, if you were a woman and you got married, you were expected to quit and stay home. And that was certainly true of school teachers. So these women were the ideal workers. That's the way we would think of them today. Underpaid, overworked, single. They could work full-time. They could work in the middle of the night, which they would be called upon to do. And the Army's strategy to recruit these women was to send its handsomest young Army officers out to lurk in post offices and hotels. Initially, it was confined to the Southern states to a particular bureaucratic division because it was recruiting civilians. And so the thinking on the part of the Army was that these young women would be induced to sign up. Would be lured to Washington, hoping that they would make a marriage to a handsome young man like the officer who was recruiting them. And what I love about Dot is she shows how wrongheaded this strategy was. In fact, in 1942, Dot was a graduate of Randolph Macon Women's College, which was a fine women's college in downtown Lynchburg, Virginia, which is where she grew up. She was the oldest daughter in a family of four. Her mother was supporting the whole family as a secretary at a uniform factory. Her parents were separated. Her mom was supporting the family. Dot was now working as a school teacher. Her income was very important to the family upkeep. She had two younger brothers who were now in the fighting. Like every young American woman, she wanted to do her part to bring the boys home. She also wanted to get out of a marriage that she had been sort of pressured into entering into. Her college boyfriend had sent her a ring-- an engagement ring from training camp in California. She didn't want to marry him. She liked him, but she didn't want to spend the rest of her life with him. But she didn't know how to get out of it because women at the time were told to not upset the morale of the troops. That was a big deal. Women were entrusted with the morale of the fighting force and so she didn't feel like she could send the ring back. But the chance to go to Washington and do unspecified secret war work was a way to get out of a marriage. She wouldn't have to follow him to training camp in California the way that he was pressuring her. So I just love the fact that the recruiting strategy was exactly wrongheaded. Even as she was very inclined to take this job, to sign on the dotted line and come to Washington, her other motivation was to come to Washington. Lynchburg, Virginia is three hours away from Washington DC. She had never been to the nation's capital. She grew up during the Depression. Her family didn't have a car. She had never seen the big city. And Washington now is really the beating heart of the free world. Along with London, England, you know, it's the major capital of free city. So much of Europe is occupied now. It would really become the heart of the Allied war effort, and the chance to come to Washington and serve that effort was an enormous opportunity for her to help bring her brothers home and also to make twice as much money as she could as a school teacher. She was making $900 a year teaching school in Chatham. She would make $1,600 a year working as a code breaker. So in the fall of 1943, she found herself in Union Station. She took a cab to a place called Arlington Hall. Before the war, it had been what they called a junior college, which was a thing back then, again when it was thought that it was best not to give women too much education. A junior college was a place where a family could send its daughter to board. She could get high school classes as well as a couple years of maybe college English and French, as well as sort of typing and horseback riding and deportment and the kind of skills that were thought sort of right for an upscale young woman. The US military needed secure facilities for its massive code-breaking forces, so it kicked those girls out of Arlington Hall. It moved the code breakers in. Built temporary buildings. You can see here the school teachers now being trained. Here they're learning the geography of Asia. You can them receiving intercepted messages from the Pacific. And you can see how big these rooms were. Former school teachers coming now to work for the war effort. And what Dot still has a hard time getting her mind around is that she became part of one of the three most important code-breaking successes of World War II. And she didn't even understand the importance of the work that she was doing. So two of them, you've already heard of. Our breaking of the German Enigma cipher was one of the most important code-breaking triumphs. We've heard of that because of "The Imitation Game" and because of places like Bletchley Park that exist now as museums. The Battle of Midway and our breaking of the Japanese naval fleet code was number two. But number three, which you don't hear as much about, was our breaking of the super-enciphered system being used by the Japanese Army to communicate with its supply ships. So the Japanese Army spread out on these islands around the Pacific. Everything that's brought to them-- food, fuel, reinforcement troops, replacement parts for aircraft-- it all has to be brought by ship. These are former commercial ships that have been now commandeered by the Japanese Army. They're called [? marus. ?] They are traveling around the Pacific and other bodies of water. They're communicating with their Central Command what they're carrying, where they're headed for. We are intercepting all of those messages. They're being sent back to the school teachers. So it's 242 school teachers, including Dot Braden, who are breaking those messages systems as fast as they could. Dot remembers running to the Overlapper station, which was the next station of what was basically an assembly line. The women would break the message as fast as they could so that the contents could be radioed to an American submarine commander who would be waiting on the horizon when the supply ship appeared. As a result of how fast and well the school teachers worked and how well the submarine commanders did their job, we sank thousands and thousands of supply ships to the point where most Japanese Army deaths were the result of starvation and disease because they weren't getting the supplies that they needed. So that's how important the messages were that Dot was breaking. Again, these slides just give you a sense of how massive the operation was. I'll just talk very quickly about one more system to give you a sense of how many systems there were. This group of women were breaking the cipher system being used by Japanese diplomats. They were using a machine that we called Purple to scramble the romanized letters of a Japanese transmission. So this might seem counterintuitive, but Japanese diplomats are stationed in Europe, right? They're stationed in Germany, they're in Vichy France, they're in occupied France, they're in Italy. They're all over Europe. They're communicating with Hitler and with Mussolini and with all of the Axis leaders and they're reporting it all back to Tokyo in very, very detailed, wordy diplomatic messages. We were reading every single one of those messages thanks to a woman named Genevieve Grotjan, a graduate of the University of Buffalo, who before the war had the key insight that enabled us to break that machine-generated cipher. She had been unable to find any university willing to hire a female math teacher, so she had been hired by the Army's very small pre-war code-breaking bureau and had the central insight that allowed us to break that machine cipher. And just to give you a sense of how valuable this intelligence was, when the Japanese diplomats were invited to tour the coast of France-- they were invited to see Hitler's Atlantic wall. His fortifications along the coast of France. They reported back where it was well-fortified, where it wasn't, so that when we were planning the D-Day landings, we knew that Normandy would be a better place to invade than a better fortified spotlight like Calais. So again, that's the quality of the intelligence that was being produced by these code encipher systems. Again, you can see how many women and how exclusively female many of these rooms were. There was also an African-American code-breaking unit for the Army. So the US Army was segregated during World War II. So was the Army's civilian code-breaking force. But there was a group of African-American code breakers, again, who had achieved their college education despite enormous barriers in a segregated school system. And they were working the codes enciphered to the private sector. So that will be familiar to you at Google, familiar to everybody who does any kind of transaction online. Just today as we hope that our financial transactions are enciphered after we make them and encrypted, which is our modern word for encipherment, so too were banks and companies encrypting their communications during the war. And so this group was assigned to the codes enciphered to the private sector to make sure nobody was doing business with Hitler or doing business with Japanese companies like Mitsubishi. So that was very important work as well. So, just quickly, the Navy women. So the women on that platform, graduating from Goucher in their frilly white dresses, are now working for the US Navy and they are actually in the US Navy. So this is another tipping point for women. World War II sees the creation of the WAVES, Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service. Other branches of the military will create female divisions as well. And so the Navy decides that it wants its female code-breakers to actually be in uniform and to be subject to military hierarchy. So the women are sent back. They're actually sent to Smith College to Officers Training Camp and they will return to Washington as full Naval officers. And also this is a great moment because women who haven't had the benefit of a college education can enlist in the US Navy. And if they test high for aptitude, their math abilities, or their language abilities, then they will also be routed into the code-breaking operation. So ultimately the US Navy will have 4,000 women working. This is a facility that is on Nebraska Avenue in Washington DC. It was also a girls' school and they kicked the women out. They built barracks. They moved the female naval code-breakers in. You can see again how female these code-breaking offices are and you can see the camaraderie of the women working in these offices. And just a quick anecdote because it's one of my favorite anecdotes, to give you a sense of what it was like for these women to come together from all over the country, ultimately, one of the women in my book, Jane Case Tuttle, remembers enlisting in the US Navy. And she was actually the daughter of a very affluent family. Her dad was a physicist, Theodore Case, and she thought when she enlisted in the US Navy that she would be made a Naval officer because she came from such an elite family. Her family didn't want her to join the Navy. It was considered somewhat scandalous for young women to go into the military at first. Some people thought they were bad girls. But she very much wanted to join the war effort and so she took the subway from the Upper East Side of Manhattan down to a Naval recruiting station around Wall Street. And she knew that going in as an officer, she would have to take an eye exam, and she was very nearsighted, and so she had memorized the eye chart and she slipped her spectacles into her pocket and she passed the eye exam. But then she had to go around to all of these other medical stations to sort of get basically the equivalent of a physical, and she got to the place where the women were told to strip down and disrobe because men joining the US Navy had to undergo a group naked physical and so the women had to as well. And so Jane had gone to a very fancy women's boarding school-- girl's school on the Upper East Side. She had never seen another woman without her clothes on. The word "breast" was never uttered at her fancy school. So she had to take her clothes off and then a petty officer came up and drew a number between her breasts, the number nine in red marker between her breasts. And said, all right, now go stand between 8 and 10 for your physical. And Jane was so nearsighted that she not only had to really look at the other women but she had to really get up close and peer in order to figure out where she was supposed to stand. So that was her welcome to the US Navy. She's never forgotten it. And her other welcome was that she thought she would go in as an officer, but because she was a graduate of-- I believe it's called the Longy Music School here, actually, in the Boston area, that was not considered by the Navy the equivalent of a college degree, so she went in as what was called an ordinary seaman. As an enlisted woman. So she had to actually live in the barracks along with all of the other enlisted women and she loved it. It was the great moment of her life. Getting out of sort of debutante society and being able to live alongside and work alongside women from all over the country. It was an incredibly important moment for her. She recalls working in these rooms with incredible pride, which was true of all of these women. In fact, this is a quote from Jane, "We could tell what was happening in the Pacific because the stack would get larger." So you can see the Japanese naval messages piled up on these women's desks. They are breaking these naval messages as fast as they can because they know that we are pushing back across the Pacific. Of course the ultimate goal is to retake the Philippines and then possibly attack the Japanese mainland. And so the women know that their brothers and boyfriends are out there. In some cases, they're breaking messages that foretell the fate of their brothers' and boyfriends' ships and they want to do everything they can. They have to do a lot of triage to determine which are the most important messages and then move them along as fast as they can. You can see-- this is just a worksheet that I found in the National Archives-- you can see that they're working this five-digit super-enciphered system. So they're doing the brain work in order to subtract out the encipherment, reversing the false math-- the non-carrying addition that's been used. They're having to reverse-engineer that in order to get down to the code group and then tell what that code group stands for in order to know what the ship is carrying and where it's going to be. And so these are just some worksheets that I found in the National Archives that show the brain work. And again, just very briefly, we will eventually take over the Atlantic breaking of the Enigma cipher from the British. So the Germans get suspicious that we have broken the Enigma cipher, as we have, and the German Navy makes its Enigma machines more complicated. It adds a rotor. There were three rotors originally to scramble the German messages. They add a fourth rotor. And so the British machines that Alan Turing helped design no longer work well enough to break those systems. So we build these faster, bigger machines at a factory in Dayton, Ohio. They're secretly transported to Washington DC, where we take over Atlantic Ocean code breaking, and it's pretty much exclusively being done by women, who were designing really the equivalent of early computer menus. They're looking at a scrambled German message, they are conjecturing where in that message a German phrase like [? "Biskaya ?] [? wetter," ?] "weather in the Bay of Biscay," might appear. And then they're doing the mental brain work to think, all right, what loop would turn this letter into this letter and then this letter into this letter, and so they're designing basically early computer menus that will then be plugged into those machines to see if they are a plausible what's called key setting. And then, if it is plausible, they'll plug the message into a smaller machine that's basically the equivalent of the Enigma. If it produces an actual German messages, they know they've got it right. That will be translated by women who will then take it to the room where another group of women, mostly the Goucher women, are maintaining these huge wall maps showing all of the U Boats and their locations. They'll write up intelligence reports for naval headquarters, generating intelligence reports, and as a result of that, and of course the work that was being done on the Atlantic Ocean by submarine commanders, we clear the Atlantic Ocean of the U Boats so that we can send the mass of thousands and thousands of convoy ships necessary to mount the D-Day invasion and begin to liberate Europe. And this group of women actually were reading the U Boat messages as the Germans were looking out on the English Channel on the morning of June 6, 1944 and they're seeing the Allied invasion as it starts. And the women experienced the landing that way. And so, again, that shows you how crucially important the women's contribution was to the war effort. The kind of intelligence that they were generating that was used by our military. These are just some photos of their brief free time in Washington. That's my central character, Dot, behind a pole there. The women were writing letters incessantly to keep up morale to the men whose lives they were trying to save. My central character, Dot, would disentangle herself from her college boyfriend. And she was writing at one point about a half-dozen men. She was more reluctant to have that go into the book than the fact of her secret code-breaking. She was a little embarrassed that she was writing so many guys. But in fact, that was really quite common at the time. And the women were sending a lot of photos as well. Sort of the equivalent of selfies they were sending, again to keep up morale to the men overseas. She would make a best friend, a former school teacher from Bourbon, Mississippi. Remember, this was top secret work. The women were told they would be shot if they told anybody what they were doing. So even though both of these women were working on the Japanese supply ship code-breaking effort, they never talked about it to each other. They didn't even know that they were part of the same code-breaking effort. But their friendship was so strong after the war that they remained close friends. You can see Dot in the striped shirt. Her husband, the soldier she was writing, Jim Bruce. And that's her friend, Ruth Weston from Mississippi. Ruth would go on to work for the NSA as a mathematician. So the National Security Agency is our descendant agency of our successful World War II code breaking. Ruth would work as a mathematician for NSA until she became pregnant. And then I found her hand-written resignation note from the 1950s, "I resign my position as a mathematician with the NSA because I'm expected to be home with my children." And so after the war, basically the women were told, in secret letters, thanks very much for your service. Now get back home to the kitchen. And most of them did leave and go back to private life, either immediately or eventually. When they had children, they were expected to leave the workforce again. But their friendships remained so powerfully strong that actually, when Ruth Weston was engaged to her husband who you saw in that photo, she invited Dot up to-- and her husband basically to vet him because she wouldn't agree to marry him until Dot had given the OK. And this is a group of naval enlisted women who remained such close friends after the war that they had a chain letter going between their friendship group. And that chain letter kept going for 75 years. Till, when I was doing my reporting, the woman in the front, Ruth Mirsky, was ultimately the only one of them left. And her email sign-on is Ruth the Wave. So even though she could never talk about her service and never got credit for it anywhere, her identity as a naval enlisted woman and as a naval code breaker remained that important to her that her email sign-on would be Ruth the Wave. And so I want to leave time for questions so I'm just going to show two videos that will just let you hear the voices of the women themselves. And I have others that are on my website. They're actually all on YouTube. So you all can easily enough listen to the other women as well. So this is Dot talking about her train ride to Washington. [VIDEO PLAYBACK] - With my two suitcases, my umbrella, and my raincoat, I went down to the train. Now my uncle had to take me down there. No car. And my mother and her sister were standing there crying when I got on the train. I was very secure that everything was going to be just fine. Washington would receive me with open arms. [END PLAYBACK] LIZA MUNDY: And of course her welcome to Washington was being told that she would be shot if she disclosed the nature of the work that she was doing. And so I just want to finish and let you hear the voice of Dorothy Ramale. You saw her photo earlier in the presentation. She was the aspiring math teacher. She was called in by the Dean of Women at her Teachers College and asked to take the Army's correspondence course. And she gives you the sense of why the women were so motivated to do this work. She remembers seeing all the men in her math class rounded up and put on a bus to go off to fight. And she recalls sort of the emotion of that moment. [VIDEO PLAYBACK] - A bus came and it was at 2 o'clock in the morning that the Army sent a bus to get these-- oh, I don't know. It seemed to me it was all the men. That there were no men left in the college at that time. They all had to go, I think to Pittsburgh. You see, since I was taking mathematics, I thought at the time I was one of maybe two girls were in the classes, you see. So I knew so many of the fellows that were going on that bus. I'll never forget it. [END PLAYBACK] LIZA MUNDY: And what I also love about Dorothy Ramale is that she became a math teacher after the war at the public middle school in Arlington, Virginia that my own children would later attend. And so that's an example of how these women continued to walk among us, without getting any credit for what they did. And I love the thought of all of these middle-schoolers taking Ms. Ramale's Algebra 1 or algebra 2 class and having no idea that this sweet, kind woman, who many of them remember as the best math teacher they ever had, had been a badass code breaker during World War II. She was so good at what she did that the US Navy poached her from the US Army by offering an officer's housing allowance. So she went from the Japanese supply ship code to working the Japanese naval fleet code. That's how good she was. And so it has really been the honor of my career to get to spend time and interview these women about their work and to try to get some attention to the work that they did because it was pioneering code-breaking, hacking, and computer work that they were doing. Cybersecurity, cyberintelligence. This is what they were doing. And again, I think of them as the hidden figures of "The Greatest Generation," and their contribution was remarkable. I mean, it helped us win the war. After the war, the estimates was that code-breaking shortened the war by at least a year, probably more, and save thousands of lives on all sides. You know, Axis and Allied lives because the war was shortened. And so I have time to take a couple of questions if you have time before you go back to your workplaces. I'd be happy to field any questions that you have. Thanks for listening. [APPLAUSE] AUDIENCE: Given that their work was secret, I'm curious, at what point were they allowed to speak about it? And did you have any trouble getting them to talk about it? LIZA MUNDY: That's a great question. Thank you for asking. So this story of wartime World War II code-breaking began to leak out as memoirs and histories began to be written. And so at a certain point in the early 1990s, the story was officially declassified, but nobody tracked down the women and told them that it was OK to talk. So there were more than 10,000 women who did this work. Most of them carried the secret to their graves. When I was trying to talk Dot Braden into telling me her story, it took me about a half an hour to persuade her that it was finally OK to talk because nobody had given them the go-ahead. So that's why they didn't get credit. But she wanted to tell her story, because after the war, both of her brothers survived the war and both of them had top-secret security clearances in their work after the war. And they would get together and brag about their clearances and Dot could never tell them that she had a top-secret security clearance as well. So that's how frustrating it sometimes was. AUDIENCE: I assume most of the messages that they were decoding would be in German or Japanese or another language. Were they also then having to take language training so they could recognize words when they came up? LIZA MUNDY: Yeah, that's a great question. So the code systems that you saw that were number groups. So let's say it stood for rice. Let's say the code group stood for, you know, we're carrying rice. You didn't have to necessarily even think the Japanese word for rice. You could think the English word for rice. So some of the systems, you didn't really have to know much Japanese. And the military-- you know, these supply ships, there was a pretty limited vocabulary that the supply ships would be using. So they could be taught a little bit of Japanese-- the names of islands and things like that-- and work with those numerical code systems. But if it was the Enigma machine, which was scrambling German messages, or if it was the Japanese Purple machine, which was taking romanized-- that's essentially phonetic spelling of Japanese that is then scrambled by the machine-- and then what you get at the end is, again, phonetically spelled Japanese. They did need translators. So if a young woman from the Seven Sisters had majored in German, she would be snatched up to work at the Enigma unit. And similarly, there weren't many people who knew Japanese, but some people who did were missionaries. And so graduates of Bible colleges would actually be recruited to work as Japanese translators. And in fact, the Japanese surrender message, the first person who read that was a young woman who was a graduate of Bethany College in West Virginia. She had been a missionary and so she was being used as a translator. So she was the first person who read the Japanese surrender message. AUDIENCE: I'm curious, what made you interested in this subject area? Why did you start to research it? LIZA MUNDY: I happened to have a conversation with a group of historians at the NSA. Most of our federal agencies have wonderful historians offices, like the FBI does, the CIA does, the NSA does. And I was speaking to a woman historian there and a woman who is a curator at the-- we have a little cryptography museum in Fort Meade, Maryland that is our equivalent of Bletchley Park, and they told me this story based on some documents that I had come across. I was talking to them and they spent several hours with me and laid out this story at a time when I didn't know anything about code breaking. I look back at some of the questions I asked them and sort of my level of ignorance is embarrassing. So the minute I heard the story, I thought it would be an incredible story to tell, and this is a time period when "Hidden Figures" had not yet been published. There's a great book called "Rise of the Rocket Girls" that wasn't out yet. So there were a number of books that were percolating along kind of simultaneously about women's contributions to the STEM field and to American history. And so the minute they told me this story, I knew that I would like to try to tell it, and I just had to ascertain whether or not I could find any women who would be in their mid-90s who could tell me about the work and whether I could find documentation to support their recollections. Because of course I couldn't use their recollections unless I could document it. And I was surprised at how-- I had to have a lot of records declassified. It took about a year and a half. But there was a lot of information already in the archives at the National Archives that had just really been neglected by historians, I must say. AUDIENCE: Does the cryptographic museum now have copies of your book? LIZA MUNDY: I think-- that's a good question. I think it does, yes. I'll have to check. Thank you for asking. AUDIENCE: So this sounds like a story that more people need to hear. Will there be a movie? LIZA MUNDY: It has been optioned and it's working its way through that process. So I agree. I mean, that really is how many people come to stories like this. So fingers crossed. AUDIENCE: Did you find any records in the colleges-- like in all of the Seven Sisters colleges, did they keep their own records about the women who left during the war? LIZA MUNDY: That's a great question. Oh, I'm sorry, women who left during the war to do this work? AUDIENCE: Yes. LIZA MUNDY: Yes. So Wellesley College in particular has done a really good job of maintaining those archives and Goucher has as well. Some of the other schools really didn't even necessarily know that it had happened because very few records were kept. And the only reason that Wellesley-- one of the reasons is a member of the class of 1942 decided to send surveys to all of her female classmates to find out what they did during the war. And a number of them wrote to say, well I was a code breaker. And this was the first inkling, really, that any of their classmates had done what they had done. And I went and looked at those archives and it's fascinating, though, to see what the other women were doing as well. You really get a sense of how women were being suddenly recruited by Armstrong Cork, by all of the defense contractors. They're all out there reading blueprints and using their math and language educations in so many different capacities. So that was a wonderful trove of documents. It really gave me a sense of-- and the women themselves remember. They said, you know, we had so few recruiters on campus in 1941 and everything changed by 1942. Thank you for spending your work day with me. [APPLAUSE]

MANY COMMUNITY LEADERS ACROSS THE TWIN CITIES ARE STEPPING FORWARD TO SAY THEY ARE OUTRAGED BY THE SHOOTING DEATH OF PHILANDO CASTILE. AND THIS MORNING AT A RALLY OUTSIDE OF THE GOVERNOR'S RESIDENCE ON SUMMIT AVENUE, WE HEARD FROM THERE. MEMBERS OF THE MINNEAPOLIS NAACP AND BLACK LIVES MATTER AS WELL AS CLERGY MEMBERS EXPRESSED ANGER, FRUSTRATION, AND PAIN AS ANOTHER POLICE SHOOTING LEAVES A BLACK MAN DEAD. HE WAS A GOOD GUY. WHAT THIS SIGNIFIES TO US IS THAT BLACK LIVES DON'T REALLY MATTER IN THE STATE OF MINNESOTA. THEIR WORDS ECHOED ACROSS THE FRONT LAWN OF THE GOVERNOR'S RESIDENCE ON SUMMIT AVENUE. MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY STANDING TOGETHER, HEART BROKEN YET RESILIENT. HE WAS EXECUTED IN FRONT OF HIS FAMILY. THIS DOESN'T HAPPEN TO ANYBODY ELSE. HERE YOU HAD A BROTHER, AN INNOCENT INDIVIDUAL THAT WAS SHOT MULTIPLE TIMES AND NO ONE RENDERED FIRST AID. IT REALLY BOTHERS ME THAT WE HAVE TO TALK ABOUT HOW HE WAS A GOODMAN. AND HOW HE DIDN'T HAVE A CRIMINAL RECORD. I DON'T GIVE A DAMN. HE DIDN'T DESERVE TO DIE. MUCH OF THE MESSAGE WAS DIRECTED AT GOVERNOR DAYTON WHO WAS THERE TO LISTEN AND WHO VOWED TO SEEK JUSTICE. I WANT YOU TO PUT SOME ACTION ON IT. PUT SOME RESPECT ON OUR PEOPLE'S NAME. THAT'S ALL I WANT. I WANT IT TO BE REAL. THIS ISN'T BLACK ANGER. THIS IS BLACK GRIEF. ENOUGH IS ENOUGH. WE ARE READY FOR A CHANGE TO THE LAWS AND THE POLICIES IN THIS STATE AND IN THIS COUNTRY THAT ALLOW PEOPLE TO BE KILLED AT POINT BLANK RANGE AND IN GOLD BLOOD AT THE HANDS OF OFFICERS. THE VIDEO THAT SHOWS THE AFTER MATH OF THE SHOOTING HAS BEEN SEEN AROUND THE WORLD. WE'VE SEEN CELEBRITIES REACTING THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA AS WELL. TENNIS PLAYER SERENA WILLIAMS TWEETED IN LONDON I HAVE TO WAKE UP TO THIS, SHE WAS BLACK, SHOT FOUR TIMES. WHEN WILL SOMETHING BE DONE? NO, REALLY BE DONE. AND GRAMMY AWARD WINNING JOHN LEGEND SAID SO MANY PEOPLE WORK SO HARD TO FIND A REASON WHY EXECUTING A HUMAN BEING DURING A ROUTINE TRAFFIC STOP IS OKAY. IT'S NOT OKAY. JUSTIN TIMBERLAKE POSTED, COULDN'T EVEN SLEEP LAST NIGHT. FIRST ELTON STERLING, THEN THIS VIDEO OF PHILANDO CASTILE BEING BRUTALLY KILLED. THIS MUST STOP.

Spanish: Traductor: Sebastian Betti Revisor: Denise RQ Algunos creen que hay una fórmula para una charla TED: "Habla sobre una alfombra roja y redonda". "Comparte una historia de la infancia". "Revela un secreto personal". "Concluye animando a la acción". No. Esa no es la forma de pensar una charla TED. De hecho, si se abusa de esos recursos, se cae en el cliché o en la manipulación emocional. Pero hay algo que tienen en común todas las charlas TED, y me gustaría compartir eso con Uds. Ya que en los últimos 12 años, estuve en la primera fila escuchado a cientos de oradores de TED, increíbles, como estos. He preparado sus charlas para el horario de máxima audiencia y aprendí directamente de ellos los secretos de una gran charla. Y aunque estos oradores y sus temas parecen completamente diferentes, Korean: 번역: Ju Hye Lim 검토: Jihyeon J. Kim 어떤 사람들은 TED강연에 공식이 있다고 생각합니다. "빨간 원형 카펫 위에서 연설하기" "어린 시절 이야기 들려주기" "개인적인 비밀 말하기" "행동을 촉구하는 영감을 주는 말로 마무리하기" 그게 아닙니다. TED강연을 그렇게 생각하면 안 돼요. 실제로, 이 장치들을 남용하면 진부하거나 감정을 조종하려는 것처럼 보일 거예요. 하지만 모든 위대한 TED 강연들에 공통적으로 있는 게 하나 있습니다. 그걸 여러분들과 공유하려고 해요. 저는 지난 12년간 무대 바로 앞 자리에서 이 분들같은 수백 명의 대단한 TED 강연자들의 강연을 들었고 황금시간대에 방영할 강연을 준비하는 걸 도왔고 위대한 강연의 비결을 그들에게서 직접 배웠기 때문입니다. 이 강연자들과 그들의 주제들이 모두 다 다른 것처럼 보이지만 Ukrainian: Перекладач: Inna Fedorenko Утверджено: Hanna Leliv Деякі люди думають, що існує формула розмов TED: "Говори на круглому червоному килимку". "Розкажи про дитинство". "Розкрий власний секрет". "І заверши натхенним закликом до дії". Ні. Не так потрібно думати про розмову TED. Якщо ви перестараєтесь із цим, то просто підете по шаблону чи будете маніпулювати емоціями. Та існує одна риса, яку мають всі великі промови на TED, і сьогодні я хотів би з вами поділитися цим секретом, тому що останні 12 років я сидів у перших рядах, слухаючи сотні чудових промовців TED. Я допомагав їм готувати розмови в прайм-тайм та навчався у них їхнім секретам того, що визначає гарну промову. Навіть коли ці промовці та їхні теми здавались цілком різними, Bulgarian: Translator: Radost Tsvetkova Reviewer: Darina Stoyanova Някои хора мислят, че има формула за провеждане на TED дискусия: "Изнеси реч, стоейки върху кръгъл червен килим." "Сподели история от детството си." "Разкрий лична тайна." "Завърши с вдъхновяващ апел към действие." Не. Не трябва да приемаме една TED дискусия така. Всъщност, ако прекалите с тези елементи, ще звучите клиширано или емоционално манипулативно. Но има едно качество, което всички велики TED лектори притежават, и искам да го споделя с вас, защото през последните 12 години съм седял до сцената, слушайки стотици удивителни TED лектори като тези. Помагал съм им да се подготвят за големия момент на сцената и съм научил директно от тях тайните им за невероятна дискусия. И въпреки че всички тези лектори и техните теми изглеждат напълно различни един от друг, Chinese: 翻译人员: Limin Jiang 校对人员: Hong Li 有人认为TED演讲有一个固定模式： “站在一块圆形的红地毯上。” “分享童年的经历。” “分享个人的秘密。” “最后号召大家行动起来。” 不是的。 我们不该这么来看待TED演讲。 实际上，如果滥用这些手法， 只会给人留下陈词滥调 或者心灵鸡汤的感觉。 但所有优秀的TED演讲 确实有一个共同点， 这也是我想和各位分享的， 因为12年来我一直坐在场边, 聆听了数百位演讲者的 精彩演讲，比如他们。 我协助他们准备演讲， 在黄金时段播出， 也从他们那里学到了 做一场精彩演讲的秘诀。 尽管这些演讲者和他们的演讲主题 都各不相同， Arabic: المترجم: Hani Eldalees المدقّق: Rania Nakhli يظن بعض الناس أنه يوجد سر ما لتقديم أحاديث TED قدم حديثك وأنت تقف على سجادة حمراء دائرية شارك قصة من طفولتك أطلع الناس على سر شخصي إختتم حديثك بدعوة ملهمة للعمل هذا غير صحيح. هذه الطرق ليست صحيحة لتقديم حديث TED. الحقيقة، المبالغة بإستخدام تلك الأساليب فستبدو للجمهور أنك وقعت في النمطية أو أنك تتلاعب في عواطف الجمهور. ولكن يوجد عامل مشترك بين جمع أحاديث TED المميزة وأود أن أخبركم بهذا العامل المشرتك. لأنني كنت دائما أجلس بالقرب من المتحدثين لمدة 12 عاماً أستمع للمئات من متحدثي TED الرائعين كهؤلاء حيث ساعدتهم على تجهيز خطاباتهم للحظة الحسم وأتعلم منهم مباشرة أيضاً أسرارهم عما يجعل من خطاباتهم رائعة ومميزة. على الرغم من هؤلاء الأشخاص وخطاباتهم قد تبدوا مختلفة عن بعضها تماما Swedish: Översättare: Désirée Nordlund Granskare: Lisbeth Pekkari Vissa människor tror att det finns en TED Talk-formel: "Håll ett föredrag på en rund, röd matta." "Berätta en barndomshistoria." "Avslöja en personlig hemlighet." "Avsluta med ett inspirerande upprop till agerande." Nej. Det är inte det ett TED Talk innebär. Om du använder det upplägget för mycket så uppfattas du bara som cliché och manipulativ med känslor. Men det finns något som alla stora TED Talks har gemensamt, och jag skulle vilja dela med mig av det till dig, därför att de senaste 12 åren, har jag suttit i ringhörnan, och lyssnat på många hundra otroliga talare på TED, som dessa. Jag har hjälpt dem förbereda sina föredrag, och lärt mig deras hemligheter om vad som gör ett föredrag stort. Och trots att dessa talare och deras ämnen alla verkar helt olika, Japanese: 翻訳: Yasushi Aoki 校正: Maki Sugimoto TEDプレゼン必勝法みたいなものが あると思っている人がいます 「丸い赤絨毯の上で話す」 「子供時代の逸話を語る」 「個人的な秘密を打ち明ける」 「奮い立たせられるような 行動喚起で締めくくる」 いいえ それはTEDトークの 考え方ではありません そういった小道具を使いすぎると ありきたりとか感情操作的と 取られるのがオチです でも すべての優れたTEDトークに 共通するものが１つあります それが何かお教えしましょう それと言うのも 私はこれまで12年以上の間 何百人もの素晴らしいTED講演者たちの話を 最前列で聞いてきたからです 彼らが本番に向け 準備するのを手伝いながら 優れたTEDトークを生む秘訣を 彼らから直接学びました それぞれの人や その話す内容は まったく違って見えても Croatian: Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Danijela Rako Neki ljudi misle kako postoji formula za TED Govor: "Govori na okruglom, crvenom tepihu." "Podijeli priču iz djetinjstva." "Otkrij osobnu tajnu." "Završi s nadahnjujućim pozivom na djelovanje." Ne. Tako ne treba razmišljati o TED Govoru. Zapravo, ako previše koristite te elemente, samo ćete ostaviti dojam klišeja ili emocionalnog manipulatora. Ali postoji jedna stvar zajednička svim odličnim TED Govorima, i ja bih je volio podijeliti s vama, jer posljednjih 12 godina imam sjedalo u prvom redu, slušajući stotine izvanrednih TED govornika, poput ovih. Pomogao sam im da pripreme svoje govore za nastup i učio sam od njih tajne onoga što čini odličan govor. I iako se ti govornici i njihove teme svi čine potpuno različitima, German: Übersetzung: Angelika Lueckert Leon Lektorat: Nadine Hennig Manche meinen, es gäbe eine TEDTalk-Formel: "Halte eine Rede auf einem runden, roten Teppich." "Erzähle eine Kindheitserlebnis." "Enthülle ein persönliches Geheimnis." "Ende mit einem inspirierenden Handlungsaufruf." Nein. So sollte man nicht über einen TEDTalk denken. Wenn man diese Elemente überstrapaziert, wirkt man nur klischeehaft oder emotional manipulativ. Aber alle großartigen TEDTalks haben eins gemeinsam, und diese Gemeinsamkeit möchte ich an Sie weitergeben, denn ich hatte in den letzten 12 Jahren einen Logenplatz, als ich Hunderten von großartigen TED-Rednern wie diesen zuhörte. Ich half ihnen bei der Vorbereitung ihrer Vorträge und lernte direkt von ihnen die Geheimnisse eines großartigen Vortrags kennen. Und obwohl die Redner und deren Themen komplett verschieden erscheinen, Thai: Translator: Thipnapa Huansuriya Reviewer: Kelwalin Dhanasarnsombut บางคนอาจคิดว่า TED Talk มีสูตรสำเร็จ "พูดบนพรมแดงกลม ๆ " "เล่าเรื่องราววัยเด็ก" "เผยความลับส่วนตัว" "ปิดท้ายด้วยการสร้างแรงบันดาลใจ ให้ลงมือทำอะไรบางอย่าง" ไม่ใช่เลย คิดถึง TED Talk แบบนี้ไม่ถูกครับ ที่จริง ถ้าคุณใช้สูตรพวกนี้มากไป มีแต่จะทำให้คุณดูเฝือ หรือจงใจเล่นกับอารมณ์ผู้ฟังมากไป แต่มีสิ่งหนึ่ง ที่ TED Talk ที่ยอดเยี่ยม ทุกเรื่องมีเหมือนกัน และผมอยากจะแบ่งปันสิ่งนั้นกับคุณ เพราะกว่า12 ปีมาแล้ว ที่ผมได้นั่งชิดขอบเวที ได้ฟังผู้พูดที่น่าทึ่งหลายร้อยคน เช่นพวกเขาเหล่านี้ ผมช่วยเขาเตรียมปาฐกถา เพื่อช่วงเวลาสำคัญ และเรียนรู้จากพวกเขาโดยตรง ว่าเคล็ดลับของปาฐกถาที่ยอดเยี่ยมคืออะไร และแม้ว่าผู้พูดเหล่านี้ กับหัวข้อปาฐกถาของเขา จะดูแตกต่างกันโดยสิ้นเชิง Turkish: Çeviri: Eren Gokce Gözden geçirme: Sancak Gülgen Bazıları TED Konuşması'nın bir formülü olduğunu düşünüyor: "Konuşmayı yuvarlak, kırmızı bir halı üstünde yap." "Çocukluk hikâyesi paylaş." "Kişisel bir sırrı açıkla." "Harekete geçmek için ilham verici bir sonla bitir." Hayır. Bir TED Konuşması'nı düşünmenin yolu bu değil. Aslında bu araçları çok fazla kullanırsanız, sadece klişe veya duygusal olarak manipülatif görüneceksiniz. Ama bütün harika TED Konuşmaları'nın ortak bir yanı var ve bunu sizinle paylaşmak istiyorum. Çünkü son 12 yıldır bunlar gibi yüzlerce müthiş TED konuşmacısını dinleyerek olaya yakından şahit oldum. Konuşmalarını ana yayına hazırlamalarına yardım ettim ve harika bir konuşmanın ne olduğuna dair sırları direkt onlardan öğrendim. Bu konuşmacılar ve konuları tamamen farklı gelse de, Norwegian: Translator: Marleen Laschet Reviewer: Martin Hassel Noen mener at det finnes en formel for TED-foredrag: "Snakk i vei på et rødt, rundt teppe." "Del et barndomsminne." "Røp en personlig hemmelighet." "Avslutt med en inspirerende oppfordring til handling." Nei. Det er ikke måten å se på et TED-foredrag. Hvis du overforbruker disse virkemidlene, vil du bare fremstå som klisjéaktig og følelsesmessig manipulerende. Men det finnes én ting som alle store TED-foredragsholdere har til felles, og denne tingen har jeg lyst å dele med dere, Ettersom jeg har hatt en orkesterplass de siste 12 årene, mens jeg hørte på hundrevis av fantastiske TED-foredragsholdere, slik som disse. Jeg har hjulpet dem å forberede sine foredrag til beste sendetid, og jeg har lært direkte fra dem deres hemmeligheter om hva det er som utgjør et fantastisk foredrag. Og selv om disse talerne og deres emner alle sammen virker totalt forskjellige, Marathi: Translator: Arvind Patil Reviewer: Abhinav Garule काहीना वाटते TED व्याख्यान ठराविक साचेबंद असते. स्फोटक विषयावर बोला. "लहानपणची गोष्ट सांगा." "आपले वैयक्तिक गुपित जाहीर करा." "शेवटास स्फूर्तीदायक असे काही सांगा" पण तसे नाही. हा TED बद्दल विचार करण्याचा मार्ग नव्हे. जर उपकरणांचा अमर्यादित वापर केला तर तुमच्यात एकप्रकारची भावनिक यांत्रिकता निर्माण होईल. सर्व महान TED वक्त्यात एक सामायिक गोष्ट आहे. जी मी तुम्हाला आज सांगणार आहे. गेल्या बारा वर्षापासून मी अगदी जवळच्या खुर्चीत बसून शेकडो रंजक TED व्याख्याने ऐकली आहेत. मी मोक्याच्या वेळी त्यांना त्यासाठी मदत केली. त्यांच्यापासून मी खूप शिकलो. त्यांच्या महान व्याख्यानांचे गुपित मी शिकलो. जरी या सर्वांचा व्याख्यानाचा विषय अगदीच भिन्न होता होता Chinese: 譯者: Helen Chang 審譯者: Harry Chen 有些人認為 TED 演講有一套公式： 在圓形的紅地毯上頭演講、 分享童年往事、 透露私人的秘辛、 結尾要能激發人有所行動。 並非如此。 不該這樣來看待 TED 演講， 其實如果過度倚賴這些小把戲， 你只會給人老調重彈 或是操弄情緒的印象。 但是所有精彩的 TED 演講 確實都有個共通點， 我想要來分享給大家， 因為過去 12 年來我都坐在場邊， 聽過上百場如同這些的精彩演講。 我幫助他們準備壓軸的演講， 並且直接從他們身上學到 造就精彩演講的秘密。 雖然這些講者及其議題 看起來南轅北轍， Romanian: Traducător: Razvan Cristian Duia Corector: Vlad-Alexandru Pasc Unii oameni cred că există o reţetă pentru discursurile TED: „Vorbeşti pe un covor rotund, roşu.” „Spui o poveste din copilărie.” „Divulgi un secret personal.” „Închei cu un însufleţitor îndemn la acţiune.” Nu. Nu aşa trebuie gândit un discurs TED. De fapt, dacă abuzezi de aceste mijloace, o să fii perceput ca stereotip sau manipulator emoţional. Există un lucru pe care îl au în comun toate marile discursuri TED şi aș vrea să vi-l împărtășesc, pentru că în ultimii 12 ani am stat în primul rând, ascultând multe sute de vorbitori extraordinari, ca aceştia. I-am ajutat să se pregătească pentru audienţă maximă şi am învăţat direct de la ei secretele unui discurs grozav. Şi chiar dacă aceşti vorbitori şi subiectele lor par complet diferiţi, Persian: Translator: sadegh zabihi Reviewer: Hajar Almasi بعضی افراد فکر می‌کنند که یک فرمول برای سخنرانی تد هست: "روی قالیچه قرمز گرد صحبت کن." "یک خاطره از دوران بچگی تعریف کن." "یک راز شخصی را فاش کن." "برای اثرگذاری با جمله‌ای الهام بخش تمام کن." نه. این راه درستی برای فکر کردن به سخنرانی TED نیست. در واقع٬ اگر از آن ابزارها بیش از حد استفاده کنید٬ در رده کارهای کلیشه‌ای یا دارای احساسات ساختگی قرار خواهید گرفت. اما یک چیز هست که در تمام سخنرانی‌های عالی TED مشترک است٬ و من می‌خواهم آن را با شما تقسیم کنم. چون در طول ۱۲ سال گذشته٬ کنار صحنه نشسته بوده‌ام٬ و به صدها سخنران جذاب TED مثل این‌ها٬ گوش می‌دادم. اولین بار، من به آنها کمک کرده‌ام تا سخنرانی‌ اولیه شان را آماده کنند٬ و مستقیماً از آنها یاد گرفته‌ام که راز عالی بودن یک سخنرانی چیست. و با وجود اینکه این سخنرانان و موضوعات آنها کاملا با هم فرق دارد٬ Galician: Translator: Carme Paz Reviewer: Andrea Garcia Algunhas persoas pensan que hai unha fórmula para as charlas TED: "Dar unha charla nunha alfombra vermella." "Contar unha historia da infancia." "Divulgar un segredo persoal." "Rematar cunha inspiradora chamada á acción." Non. Non é así como hai que pensar dunha TED. De feito, se empregades demasiado estes mecanismos, pareceredes un clixé ou un manipulador emocional. Pero hai unha cousa que todas as grandes charlas TED teñen en común, e gustaríame compartila con vós, porque nos últimos 12 anos, tiven un asento privilexiado, escoitando varios centos de fantásticos relatores TED, como estes. Axudeinos coas súas charlas de máxima audiencia, e aprendín directamente deles os segredos dunha gran charla. E aínda que estes relatores e os seus temas parecen completamente diferentes, iw: מתרגם: Shlomo Adam מבקר: Ido Dekkers יש החושבים שקיימת נוסחה להרצאות TED: "להרצות על שטיח עגול ואדום." "לספר סיפור ילדות." "לחשוף סוד אישי." "לסיים בקריאה סוחפת לפעולה." לא. לא כך צריך להתייחס להרצאת TED. למען האמת, שימוש מופרז באמצעים האלה רק יציג אתכם כנדושים ומניפולטיביים. אבל ישנו דבר אחד שמשותף לכל ההרצאות הגדולות של TED, ואני רוצה לשתף אתכם בו, כי אני יושב כבר יותר מ-12 שנה במושב הטוב ביותר באולם ומאזין למאות רבות של מרצי TED מדהימים, כמו אלה. עזרתי להם להכין את הרצאותיהם לרגע המכריע ולמדתי ישירות מהם את סודותיהם: מה הופך הרצאה למעולה. ולמרות שכל המרצים והנושאים שלהם לכאורה שונים מאד אלה מאלה, French: Traducteur: Lison Hasse Relecteur: Morgane Quilfen Certains pensent qu'il existe une recette pour une conférence TED : « Faire un discours sur le rond rouge », « Raconter un souvenir d'enfance », « Dévoiler un secret intime », « Lancer un appel à l'action inspiré ». Non. Ce n'est pas une manière d'envisager une conférence TED. En fait, si vous utilisez trop ces artifices, vous allez faire vraiment cliché ou manipulateur des émotions. Mais toutes les conférences TED ont quelque chose en commun et je voudrais le partager avec vous. Parce que ces 12 dernières années, j'étais aux premières loges, à écouter des centaines de conférenciers TED surprenants, comme ceux-là. Je les ai aidés à préparer leur discours pour le grand soir et c'est d'eux que j'ai appris les secrets pour faire un super discours. Et même si tous ces orateurs et leurs sujets semblaient vraiment différents, Lithuanian: Translator: Andrius Družinis-Vitkus Reviewer: Sigita Šimkutė-Macanko Kai kas mano, kad egzistuoja tokia TED kalbų formulė: „Kalbėk stovint ant apskrito raudono kilimo“. „Papasakok vaikystės istoriją“. „Atskleisk asmeninę paslaptį“. „Pabaik su įkvepiančiu kvietimu veikti“. Ne. Nereiktų taip galvoti apie TED kalbas. Jei per daug naudosite tuos metodus, tik pasirodysite kalbantys nuvalkiotai ar manipuliuojantys emocijomis. Bet yra vienas dalykas, kuris jungia visas puikias TED kalbas ir tuo norėčiau su jumis pasidalinti, nes per pastaruosius 12 metų sėdėdavau nuošayje, klausydamais šimtus puikių TED kalbėtojų, kaip šie. Padėjau jiems paruošti jų kalbas pasirodymui, ir tiesiogiai iš jų išmokau tas paslaptis, kaip sukurti puikią kalbą. Ir nepaisant to, kad visi šie kalbėtojai ir jų temos atrodo visiškai skirtingi, English: Some people think that there's a TED Talk formula: "Give a talk on a round, red rug." "Share a childhood story." "Divulge a personal secret." "End with an inspiring call to action." No. That's not how to think of a TED Talk. In fact, if you overuse those devices, you're just going to come across as clichéd or emotionally manipulative. But there is one thing that all great TED Talks have in common, and I would like to share that thing with you, because over the past 12 years, I've had a ringside seat, listening to many hundreds of amazing TED speakers, like these. I've helped them prepare their talks for prime time, and learned directly from them their secrets of what makes for a great talk. And even though these speakers and their topics all seem completely different, Indonesian: Translator: Rommy Rustami Reviewer: Dewi Barnas Ada orang yang berpikir ada rumus untuk TED Talk: "Berbicara di atas karpet bundar merah." "Berbagi cerita masa kecil." "Bocorkan rahasia pribadi." "Akhiri dengan ajakan untuk beraksi." Tidak. TED Talk bukanlah itu semua. Bahkan, jika Anda melakukannya berlebihan, Anda akan terdengar klise atau manipulatif. Tapi ada satu hal yang menjadi persamaan TED Talks yang bagus, dan saya akan membaginya dengan Anda, karena selama lebih dari 12 tahun, saya telah duduk di sisi panggung mendengarkan ratusan pembicara TED yang mengagumkan, seperti ini. Saya membantu mereka menyiapkan sesi kejayaan mereka, dan belajar langsung rahasia mereka tentang bagaimana membuat presentasi memukau. Dan meskipun semua pembicara dan topik mereka tampak sangat berbeda, Portuguese: Tradutor: Marta Pinto Revisora: Margarida Ferreira Há quem pense que há uma fórmula para fazer palestras TED. "Faça a palestra num tapete redondo e vermelho." "Conte uma história de infância." "Revele um segredo pessoal." "Conclua com uma chamada inspiradora para a ação." Não. Não é assim que se deve pensar numa palestra TED. Na verdade, se exagerarem no uso desses recursos, vão parecer banais ou emocionalmente manipuladores. Mas há uma coisa que todas as grandes palestras TED têm em comum, e eu gostaria de partilhá-la convosco, porque, nos últimos 12 anos, tenho-me sentado na primeira fila, a ouvir centenas de incríveis oradores TED, como estes. Ajudei-os a preparar as palestras no horário-nobre, e aprendi com eles os seus segredos para fazer uma grande palestra. Apesar de estes oradores e os seus temas parecerem completamente diferentes, Italian: Traduttore: Anna Cristiana Minoli Revisore: daniel fazzini Qualcuno crede che ci sia una formula per gli interventi TED: "Parla su un tappeto rosso rotondo." "Condividi una storia d'infanzia." "Rivela un segreto personale." "Concludi con un appello." No. Non è così che vediamo un intervento TED. Di fatto, con un abuso di questi strumenti, si finisce in luoghi comuni o per essere emotivamente manipolativi. Ma una cosa hanno in comune tutti i grandi interventi TED, e vorrei condividere questa cosa con voi. Perché negli ultimi 12 anni sono sempre stato in prima fila, ad ascoltare centinaia di grandi oratori TED, come questi. Ho aiutato a preparare i loro discorsi e ho imparato direttamente da loro i loro segreti di cosa rende grande un intervento. Anche se questi oratori e i loro temi sembrano tutti completamente diversi, Polish: Tłumaczenie: A. Konstancja Wiszniewska Korekta: Weronika Hawkins Niektórzy sądzą, że istnieje gotowy przepis na prelekcję TED. "Mów na okrągłym, czerwonym dywaniku". "Powiedz coś o dzieciństwie". "Zdradź jakiś prywatny szczegół". "Na koniec zainspiruj do działania". Niestety, nie o to chodzi w prelekcji TED. Jeśli nadużyjesz takich sztuczek, ludzie wyczują banał i grę na emocjach. Jednak jest coś, co łączy najlepsze prelekcje TED, i chcę się tym podzielić, ponieważ od ponad 12 lat, siedzę w pierwszym rzędzie, przysłuchując się setkom świetnych prelegentów TED, jak ci tutaj. Pomagam im zdobyć lepszą oglądalność a od nich nauczyłem się tajników najlepszych prelekcji. Nawet jeśli prelegenci i tematy wydają się całkiem różne, Catalan: Translator: Marc Isbert Reviewer: Maja Zawierzeniec Algunes persones creuen que hi ha una fórmula TED Talk: "Fer una xerrada, catifa vermella". "Compartir una història d'infantesa." "Divulgar un secret personal." "Acabar amb una crida a l'acció inspiradora." No. No és així com hem de pensar en una TED Talk. De fet, si fas servir massa aquests elements, t'acusaran d'estereotipat o de manipulador emocional. Però hi ha una cosa que totes les TED Talks tenen en comú, i m'agradaria compartir-la amb vosaltres, perquè en els últims 12 anys, he tingut un seient privilegiat escoltant milers de fantàstics oradors de TED, com aquests. Els he ajudat amb les seves xerrades per a "prime time" i n'he après directament els seus secrets sobre què fa gran una xerrada. I tot i que aquests oradors i els seus temes semblen completament diferents, Hungarian: Fordító: Csaba Lóki Lektor: Sándor Nagy Sokan azt hiszik, a TED-előadások receptje: "Egy kerek, vörös szőnyegen állva beszélsz." "Elmesélsz egy gyerekkori történetet." "Feltársz egy személyes titkot." "Lezárod egy mozgósító felhívással." Hát nem. Egy TED-előadásnak nem ez a lényege. Sőt, e dolgok túlzott használata sablonos és érzelmileg manipulatív hatást fog eredményezni. Van azonban egy dolog, ami közös a TED-előadásokban. És most ezt szeretném megosztani önökkel, mert az elmúlt 12 évben, a partvonal mellett ülve több száz hozzájuk hasonló, kiváló előadót volt alkalmam végighallgatni. Segítettem nekik felkészülni a fellépésükre, és közvetlenül tőlük leshettem el, hogy mi teszi az előadásukat naggyá. Bár ezek az előadók és előadásuk témái látszólag teljesen különbözőek, Modern Greek (1453-): Μετάφραση: Chryssa Takahashi Επιμέλεια: Dimitra Papageorgiou Κάποιοι πιστεύουν ότι υπάρχει συνταγή για τις ομιλίες ΤED: «Μίλα σ' ένα στρογγυλό κόκκινο χαλί». «Πες μια ιστορία σου από παιδί». «Αποκάλυψε ένα προσωπικό μυστικό». «Τελείωσε με μια εμπνευσμένη πρόσκληση για δράση». Όχι. Δεν πρέπει να σκέφτεστε έτσι μια ομιλία TED. Στην πραγματικότητα, αν τα παραχρησιμοποιήσετε, απλώς θα περάσετε σαν κλισέ ή συναισθηματικά χειριστικός. Υπάρχει όμως ένα κοινό πράγμα σε όλες τις σπουδαίες ομιλίες TED, και θα ήθελα να το μοιραστώ μαζί σας, γιατί τα περασμένα 12 χρόνια, είχα μια θέση στην πρώτη σειρά, ακούγοντας εκατοντάδες σπουδαίους ομιλητές TED, όπως αυτούς. Βοήθησα να προετοιμάσουν τις ομιλίες τους για μεγάλο κοινό, και έμαθα απευθείας από αυτούς τα μυστικά που κάνουν μια ομιλία σπουδαία. Παρόλο που αυτοί οι ομιλητές και τα θέματά τους φαίνονται τελείως διαφορετικά, Kazakh: Аудармашы: Nursultan Aubakirov Редактор: Asqat Yerkimbay Кейбіреулер TED баяндаманың арнайы формуласы бар деп ойлайды: "Дөңгелек, қызыл кілемше үстінде сөйлеу." "Бала қиялыңмен бөлісу." "Жеке құпияны жариялау." "Соңында, әрекет жасауға жігерлендіру." Жоқ. TED баяндама бұлай болмайды. Негізі, бұл әдістерді асыра пайдалану, жәй ғана дайын нәрсені қайталау немесе эмоциялық басқару болмақ. Бірақ, барлық үздік TED баяндамалардың ортақ бір нәрсесі бар және сол жайлы сіздермен бөліспекпін. Себебі, соңғы 12 жылда, осы секілді жүздеген керемет TED баяндамашыларды тыңдауға жақсы мүмкіндік болды. Оларға баяндамасын уақытылы дайындауға көмектестім және олардан тікелей баяндаманы үздік ететін дүниені үйрендім. Бірақ баяндамашылардың ойлары мен баяндамалары әртүрлі болса да, Slovak: Translator: Katka Kostkova Reviewer: Linda Magáthová Niektorí ľudia si myslia, že existuje vzorec na prednášku TED. „Postavíte sa na okrúhly, červený koberec.“ „Poviete zážitok z detstva.“ „Prezradíte nejaké svoje tajomstvo.“ „A skončíte inšpiratívnou výzvou k činom.“ Nie. Tak o prednáškach TED neuvažujme. V skutočnosti, pri nadmernom použití pôsobia tieto techniky ako klišé a emocionálna manipulácia. Existuje však jedna vec, ktorú majú všetky fantastické prednášky TED spoločnú a ja vám ju prezradím, pretože počas 12 rokov som z prvého radu počúval niekoľko stoviek úžasných rečníkov, ako sú títo. Pomohol som im s prípravou ich prednášok a naučil sa priamo od nich ich tajomstvá ako pripraviť úžasnú prednášku. A aj keď sa títo rečníci a ich prednášky zdajú úplne odlišné, Dutch: Vertaald door: Els De Keyser Nagekeken door: Peter van de Ven Sommige mensen denken dat er een TED Talk-formule is: "Hou een praatje op een rond, rood tapijt." "Deel iets uit je kindertijd." "Onthul een persoonlijk geheim." "Sluit af met een inspirerende oproep tot actie." Nee. Zo moet je niet denken over een TED Talk. Als je die middelen te veel gebruikt, zal je gewoon overkomen als cliché of emotioneel manipulatief. Maar er is één ding dat alle geweldige TED Talks gemeen hebben en dat zou ik met jullie willen delen. Want de afgelopen 12 jaar heb ik van op de eerste rij zitten luisteren naar vele honderden fantastische TED-sprekers zoals deze. Ik hielp ze hun talk voor te bereiden voor prime time en leerde direct van hen wat hun geheimen zijn voor een geweldige talk. Ook al lijken deze sprekers en hun onderwerpen volstrekt verschillend, Russian: Переводчик: Natalia Ost Редактор: Yulia Kallistratova Некоторые думают, что у выступлений TED есть какая-то формула: «Выступай на круглом красном ковре». «Расскажи историю из детства». «Поделись чем-то личным». «Напоследок призови к действию». Нет. Это неверное представление о выступлениях TED. На самом деле, если переборщить с этими «фишками», то можно произвести впечатление манипулятора или любителя клише. Но у всех докладов TED есть общая черта, и я буду рад ею с вами поделиться, потому что последние 12 лет я сидел в первом ряду и слушал сотни невероятных участников TED, таких как эти. Я помогал им готовить выступления в лучшем эфирном времени и из первых уст узнавал от них секреты создания сильного выступления. И хотя все эти докладчики и темы их выступлений кажутся абсолютно разными, Serbian: Prevodilac: Ivana Korom Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća Neki ljudi misle da postoji formula za TED govor: „Održi govor na okruglom, crvenom tepihu.“ „Ispričaj priču iz detinjstva.“ „Ogoli ličnu tajnu.“ „Završi sa inspirativnim pozivom na akciju.“ Ne. Ne treba tako razmišljati o TED govoru. U stvari, ako previše koristite te savete, ostavićete utisak klišea ili emotivnog manipulanta. Ali postoji jedna stvar, zajednička svim odličnim TED govorima, i želim da je podelim sa vama, jer sam tokom poslednjih 12 godina imao mesto u prvom redu odakle sam slušao stotine sjajnih TED govornika, kao što su ovi. Pomogao sam im da pripreme govore za glavni nastup i od njih sam direktno učio njihove tajne toga šta čini jedan odličan govor. I iako ovi govornici i njihove teme deluju potpuno različito, Vietnamese: Translator: Sharon Nguyen Reviewer: Nguyen Trang Một số người cho rằng những bài nói của TED có khuôn mẫu chung: "Đứng trên thảm đỏ nói về điều gì đó" "Chia sẻ kỉ niệm tuổi thơ" " Tiết lộ bí mật thầm kín" "Kết thúc bằng lời kêu gọi hành động đầy ý nghĩa." Không phải. Một bài nói TED không chỉ đơn giản như vậy. Thực tế, nếu lạm dụng những cách này, bạn sẽ chỉ nói những điều sáo rỗng hoặc thao túng cảm xúc. Nhưng mọi bài nói nổi tiếng của TED đều có một điểm chung, và tôi muốn chia sẻ điều ấy với các bạn, vì suốt 12 năm qua, tôi đã có chỗ ngồi thuận lợi, lắng nghe hàng trăm diễn giả bậc thầy của TED, như những người này. Tôi đã giúp họ chuẩn bị bài nói cho giờ vàng, và trực tiếp học từ họ. những bí mật tạo nên bài nói tuyệt vời. Và dù cho các diễn giả và chủ đề của họ đều có vẻ hoàn toàn khác nhau, Czech: Překladatel: Jan Kadlec Korektor: Jakub Helcl Někteří lidé si myslí, že na přednášku TED existuje vzorec: „Přednášejte na kulatém, rudém koberci.“ „Podělte se o příhodu z dětství.“ „Odhalte osobní tajemství.“ „Završte to inspirativní výzvou k akci.“ Kdepak. Takhle o přednáškách TED nepřemýšlejte. Když to s těmito metodami přeženete, vytvoříte nakonec jen klišé nebo něco emočně manipulativního. Existuje ovšem jedna věc, kterou mají skvělé přednášky TED společné, a já bych se o ni s vámi rád podělil, protože už více jak 12 let na TEDu naslouchám z první řady stovkám skvělých řečníků, jako jsou třeba tito. Pomáhal jsem jim připravit proslovy pro tisíce lidí a přímo od nich jsem se naučil tajemství, která tvoří skvělé přednášky. A i když vám tito řečníci a jejich témata budou připadat naprosto rozdílná, Portuguese: Tradutor: Leonardo Silva Revisor: Gustavo Rocha Alguns acham que existe uma fórmula para dar palestras TED. "Palestre num tapete redondo e vermelho." "Conte uma história de infância." "Revele um segredo pessoal." "Conclua com um chamado inspirador para ação." Não. Não pense numa palestra TED assim. Na verdade, se exagerar nesses recursos, você vai parecer clichê ou manipulador. Mas há uma coisa que todas as grandes palestras TED têm em comum e eu gostaria de compartilhá-la com vocês, porque, nos últimos 12 anos, sentei na primeira fileira, ouvindo centenas de incríveis palestrantes TED, como esses. Eu os ajudei a preparar suas palestras para o horário nobre e aprendi diretamente com eles seus segredos de como dar uma grande palestra. Embora esses palestrantes e seus temas pareçam ser totalmente diferentes, Burmese: Translator: sann tint Reviewer: Myo Aung TED ဟောပြောချက်အတွက် ပုံသေနည်း ရှိတယ်လို့ တချို့ ထင်ကြတယ်- "ကော်ဇောဝိုင်း အနီပေါ်မှာ ဟောပြော။" "ကလေးဘဝ ဇာတ်လမ်းကို မျှဝေ။" "ပုဂ္ဂိုလ်ရေး လျှို့ဝှက်ချက်ကို ထုတ်ပြော။" "လုပ်ဆောင်ဖို့ ပန်ကြားတဲ့ စေ့ဆော်မှုနဲ့ အဆုံးသတ်လိုက်။" မဟုတ်ပါဘူး။ TED ဟောပြောချက်ကို ဒီလိုတွေးတာ မဟုတ်ပါဘူး။ တကယ်က ဒီလက်နက်တွေကို အလွန်အကျွံသုံးရင် ဖန်တစ်ရာတေတာ (သို့) စိတ်ပိုင်းအရ ခြယ်လှယ်သလို အထင်ရောက်စေတော့မှာပါ။ ဒါပေမဲ့ ပြောင်မြောက်တဲ့ TED ဟောပြောချက် တွေမှာ တူတာတစ်ခုရှိရာ ဒါကို ခင်ဗျားတို့နဲ့ မျှဝေချင်ပါတယ်။ အကြောင်းက ၁၂ နှစ်ကျော်ကြာ ကျွန်တော်က ရှေ့ဆုံးတန်းမှာ ဒီလို များပြားပြီး ရာချီတဲ့ အံ့ဖွယ် ဟောပြောသူကို နားထောင်ခဲ့ရလို့ပါ။ ပွဲချိန်အတွက် ဟောပြောချက်တွေ ပြင်ဆင်ဖို့ ကူညီကာ ထူးကဲတဲ့ ဟောပြောချက်တွေ ဖြစ်စေတဲ့ လျှို့ဝှက်ချက်တွေ တိုက်ရိုက် သိခဲ့တယ်။ ဒီဟောပြောသူတွေနဲ့ သူတို့ရဲ့ အကြောင်းအရာတွေဟာ လုံးဝကို ခြားနားတာတောင်မှ Albanian: Translator: Helena Bedalli Reviewer: Anisa Fezga Disa njerëz mendojnë që fjalimet TED kane nje formulë: ''Mbaj fjalim mbi qilim të kuq rrumbullakët.'' "Ndaj një histori fëmijërie." "Trego një sekret të brendshëm." "Mbylle me një thirrje frymëzuese për veprim." Jo. Nuk mendohet kështu per fjalimet TED. Në fakt, nëse abuzojmë me këto mjete, do të dukemi si stereotipa apo manipulues të emocioneve. Por, të gjitha fjalimet TED kanë diçka të përbashkët, dhe dua ta ndaj atë me ju, sepse në 12 vitet e fundit, jam ulur në rreshtin e parë, dhe dëgjuar qindra oratore të TED si këta. I kam ndihmuar në përgatitjen e fjalimeve për debut, dhe kam mësuar prej tyre, sekretet për një fjalim të suksesshëm. Megjithëse folësit dhe temat e tyre duken krejt të ndryshme, Norwegian: så har de faktisk én nøkkelingrediens til felles, og det er den her: Din viktigste oppgave som taler er å overføre en ekstraordinær gave inn i sinnet til tilhørerne dine - en rar og vakker gjenstand som vi kaller en idé. La meg få vise dere, hva jeg mener. Dette er Haley. Hun skal snart holde et TED-foredrag og for å være helt ærlig, er hun livredd. (Video) Programleder: Haley Van Dyck! (Applaus) I løpet av 18 minutter vil 1200 mennesker - de fleste har aldri sett hverandre før - oppleve at deres hjerner begynner å synkronisere med Haleys hjerne og med hverandre. De holder bokstavelig på å utvise de samme hjernebølgemønstre. Og jeg mener ikke at de bare opplever de samme følelsene. Noe enda mer oppsiktsvekkende begynner å skje. La oss ta en titt inni Haleys hjerne. Det finnes milliarder av nevroner som henger sammen i en umulig floke. Serbian: ipak imaju jedan zajednički sastojak. A to je ovo: vaš prvi zadatak kao govornika je da u um vaših slušalaca prebacite jedan izuzetan dar - čudnu i lepu stvar koju nazivamo idejom. Pokazaću vam šta mislim. Ovo je Hejli. Ona se sprema da ordži TED govor i iskreno, prestravljena je. (Video) Domaćin: Hejli van Dajk! (Aplauz) Tokom 18 minuta, 1 200 ljudi, od kojih se mnogi nikada nisu upoznali, shvatiće da njihovi mozgovi počinju da se sinhronizuju sa Hejlinim, ali i međusobno. Bukvalno počinju da ispoljavaju iste obrasce moždanih talasa. Ne mislim samo da doživljavaju ista osećanja. Nešto još čudesnije se dešava. Hejde da za trenutak pogledamo unutar Hejlinog mozga. Tu postoje milijarde neurona, međusobno povezanih u nerazmrsivi čvor. Italian: hanno in realtà un ingrediente in comune. Ed è questo: il primo compito in quanto oratore è quello di trasferire nella mente degli ascoltatori un dono straordinario -- uno strano e meraviglioso oggetto che chiamiamo idea. Vi mostro cosa intendo. Ecco Haley. Sta per fare un intervento e francamente, è terrorizzata. (Video) Presentatore: Haley Van Dyck! (Applausi) Nei 18 minuti, 1200 persone, molte delle quali non si sono mai viste prima, scoprono che i loro cervelli cominciano a sincronizzarsi con quello di Haley e tra di loro. Cominciano letteralmente a mostrare gli stessi schemi mentali. E non intendo che provano solo le stesse emozioni. Succede una cosa ancor più stupefacente. Guardiamo un attimo nel cervello di Haley. Ci sono miliardi di neuroni interconnessi in un groviglio impossibile. Arabic: إلا إنه يوجد عامل مشترك فيما بينها. وهذا العامل هو: مهمتك الرئيسية كمتحدث هي أن تنقل لأذهان المستمعين هدية رائعة هذه الهدية الجميلة والغريبة هي الفكرة. دعني أوضح ما أعنيه. هذه هالي هي على وشك إلقاء حديث في TED وهي بصراحة تشعر بالرعب. المقدم: هالي فان دايك (تصفيق) على مدى 18 دقيقة سيتفاجأ 12000 شخص لم يلتقوا مع بعضهم سابقا، أن أدمغتهم بدأت بالمزامنة مع دماغ هالي ومع بعضهم البعض. وقد بدأوا في إظهار أنماط الدماغ ذاتها حرفياً ولا أعني بذلك أنهم يتشاركون المشاعر ذاتها. هناك أمر ما أكثر دهشة يحدث. دعنا ننظر داخل دماغ هالي للحظة. المليارات من الخلايا العصبية متصلة ببعضها مكونة شبكة مذهله. Catalan: tenen un ingredient clau en comú. I és aquest: La teva tasca principal com a orador és transferir a les ments del teu públic un regal extraordinari, un objecte estrany i preciós que anomenem idea. Permeteu-me explicar-vos-ho. Aquesta és Haley. És a punt de fer una TED Talk i, francament, està aterrida. Presentador: Haley Van Dyck! (Aplaudiments) Durant 18 minuts, 1.200 persones, moltes de les quals no s'havien vist mai, comencen a sincronitzar els seus cervells amb el de Haley i amb el dels altres. Literalment comencen a mostrar els mateixos patrons cerebrals. I no vull dir que sentin el mateix. Ocorre una cosa encara més sorprenent. Fem una cop d'ull al cervell de la Haley un moment. Hi ha bilions de neurones interconnectades en un embolic indestriable. Korean: 한 가지 중요한 재료가 공통적으로 들어있습니다. 바로 이겁니다. 강연자로서 해야 할 첫 번째 일은 청중들의 마음 속에 우리가 아이디어라고 부르는 특별한 선물이자 이상하고도 아름다운 물건을 옮겨놓는 겁니다. 무슨 말인지 보여드릴게요. 이 분은 헤일리입니다. 이제 곧 TED에서 강연을 할 건데 솔직히 겁이 납니다. (영상) 사회자: 헤일리 반 다이크입니다! (박수) 18분 동안 서로 만난 적도 없는 사람들이 대부분인 1200명의 청중들의 뇌가 헤일리의 뇌와 서서히 동기화됩니다. 실제로 똑같은 뇌파를 보여주기 시작합니다. 같은 감정을 느끼는 것뿐만이 아니라 더 놀라운 무언가가 일어납니다. 잠깐 헤일리의 뇌 속을 들여다봅시다. 수십억 개의 뉴런이 불가해한 매듭으로 얽혀있습니다. Bulgarian: всъщност имат една ключова обща съставка. И тя е: Най-важната ви задача като лектор е да прехвърлите в умовете на слушателите си необикновен подарък - нещо чудновато и красиво, което ние наричаме "идея". Нека ви покажа какво имам предвид. Ето я Хейли. Тя е на път да изнесе TED дискусия и, отровено казано, е ужасена от мисълта. (Видео) Водещ: "Хейли Ван Дайк!" (Ръкопляскане) В рамките на 18 минути 1200 души, много от които никога не са се срещали преди това, откриват, че мозъците им започват да се синхронизират с този на Хейли и помежду си. Буквално започват да образуват еднакви модели мозъчни вълни. И нямам предвид просто, че споделят едни и същи емоции. Случва се нещо дори по-изумително. Нека да погледнем в мозъка на Хейли за момент. Намираме заплетено кълбо от милиарди свързани помежду си неврони. Polish: łączy je jeden kluczowy element. Oto on. Zadaniem numer jeden prelegenta jest przekazanie umysłom słuchaczy niezwykłego daru, dziwnego i pięknego obiektu - idei. Pozwólcie, że wam pokażę. Oto Haley. Za chwilę wygłosi prelekcję TED. Jest przerażona. (Film) Prezenter: Haley Van Dyck! (Brawa) W ciągu następnych 18 minut 1200, w większości nie znających się, osób odczuje synchronizację z mózgiem Haley i innych obecnych. Fale mózgowe publiczności wykazują taki sam obraz. Nie chodzi tylko o odczucia, Dzieje się coś bardziej niesamowitego. Zajrzyjmy na chwilę do mózgu Haley. Miliardy neuronów połączonych w niemożliwą plątaninę. Ukrainian: у всіх них був спільний ключовий інгредієнт. І це: Ваше завдання номер один як промовця передати слухачам незвичайний дарунок -- дивний та чудовий предмет, котрий ми звемо ідеєю. Ось що я маю на увазі. Ось Гейлі. Вона збирається говорити на TED і, чесно кажучи, вона налякана. (Відео) Промовець: Гейлі Ван Дайк! (Оплески) За 18 хвилин, 1 200 людей, які ніколи не бачили одне одного, помітять що їхній мозок почне синхронізуватись із мозком Гейлі і одне з одним. У них буквально з'являються однакові мозкові хвилі. Я не просто говорю, що у них однакові емоції. Відбувається щось дивовижніше. Погляньмо на мозок Гейлі зсередини. Мільйони взаємопов'язаних нейронів у неймовірному трикутнику. German: haben sie ein gemeinsames Schlüsselelement. Nämlich dieses: Die wichtigste Aufgabe des Vortragenden ist es, den Zuhörern ein besonderes Geschenk zu übermitteln -- etwas Seltsames und Schönes namens Idee. Ich zeige es Ihnen. Das ist Haley. Sie wird gleich eine TEDTalk halten und sie ist, offen gesagt, verängstigt. (Video) Moderator: Haley Van Dyck! (Applaus) Im Verlauf von 18 Minuten erleben 1 200 Menschen, von denen sich viele vorher nicht kannten, dass ihre Gehirne beginnen, sich mit Haleys Hirn zu synchronisieren, und mit denen der anderen im Saal. Sie zeigen buchstäblich die gleichen Gehirnwellenmuster. Damit meine ich nicht, dass sie dieselben Gefühle empfinden -- etwas viel Verblüffenderes passiert. Schauen wir einmal in Haleys Gehirn hinein. Es gibt Milliarden vernetzter Neuronen in einem unüberschaubaren Wirrwarr. Modern Greek (1453-): στην πραγματικότητα έχουν ένα βασικό κοινό συστατικό. Και είναι αυτό: Ο πρωταρχικός σας σκοπός ως ομιλητής είναι να μεταφέρετε στα μυαλά των ακροατών σας ένα εξαιρετικό δώρο -- ένα περίεργο και υπέροχο πράγμα που ονομάζουμε ιδέα. Ας σας δείξω τι εννοώ. Αυτή είναι Χέιλι. Θα κάνει μια ομιλία TED και ειλικρινά, είναι τρομοκρατημένη. (Βίντεο) Παρουσιαστής: Χέιλι Βαν Ντάικ! (Χειροκρότημα) Κατά τη διάρκεια των 18 λεπτών, 1.200 άτομα, πολλά από τα οποία δεν έχουν ξανασυναντηθεί, βρίσκουν ότι οι εγκέφαλοί τους αρχίζουν να συγχρονίζονται με της Χέιλι και μεταξύ τους. Κυριολεκτικά, αρχίζουν να εμφανίζουν τα ίδια μοτίβα εγκεφαλικών κυμάτων. Και δεν εννοώ απλώς ότι νοιώθουν τα ίδια συναισθήματα. Συμβαίνει κάτι ακόμη πιο εκπληκτικό. Ας ρίξουμε μια ματιά μέσα στον εγκέφαλο της Χέιλι για λίγο. Υπάρχουν δισεκατομμύρια διασυνδεδεμένοι νευρώνες σ' ένα απίστευτο κουβάρι. Croatian: one zapravo imaju jedan zajednički sastojak. A to je ovo: Prvi zadatak vas kao govornika je prebaciti u um slušatelja izvanredan dar -- čudnu i prekrasnu stvar koju zovemo ideja. Dozvolite da vam pokažem što mislim. Ovo je Haley. Ona će upravo održati TED Govor i iskreno, prestravljena je. (Video) Predstavljač: Haley Van Dyck! (Pljesak) Tijekom 18 minuta, 1200 ljudi, od kojih se mnogi prvi put vide, osjećaju kako se njihov mozak usklađuje s Hayleyinim mozgom i s onima u okolini. Doslovno počinju pokazivati iste uzorke moždanih valova. I ne mislim samo na to da osjećaju iste emocije. Događa se nešto što će vas još više iznenaditi. Pogledajmo Haylein mozak na tren. Postoje milijarde povezanih neurona u nezamislivom čvoru. iw: יש למעשה מרכיב מרכזי אחד שמשותף לכולם. והנה הוא: המשימה הראשית שלכם, כמרצים, היא להעביר למוחות מאזיניכם מתנה מיוחדת במינה -- את האובייקט המוזר והיפהפה המכונה בפינו "רעיון". הבה ואראה לכם למה כוונתי. זאת היילי. היא עומדת לתת הרצאת TED, והיא למעשה אחוזת אימה. (סרטון) מנחה: היילי ואן דייק! (מחיאות כפיים) במשך 18 דקות, 1,200 איש, שרבים מהם מעולם לא פגשו זה את זה, מגלים שמוחותיהם מתחילים להסתנכרן עם מוחה של היילי וזה עם מוחו של זה. הם ממש מתחילים להפגין אותם דפוסים של גלי מוח. ואני לא מתכוון שהם רק מרגישים אותן רגשות: קורה משהו עוד יותר מדהים. בואו ונציץ לרגע לתוך מוחה של היילי. מיליארדי תאי עצב מקושרים שם בסבך בלתי-אפשרי. French: ils avaient tous un élément clé en commun. Et c'est ceci : votre tâche numéro un en tant qu'orateur est d'arriver à faire entrer dans l'esprit des auditeurs un cadeau extraordinaire, beau et étrange qu'on appelle une idée. Laissez-moi vous expliquer. Voici Haley. Elle va bientôt faire sa conférence et franchement, elle est terrifiée. (Vidéo ) Présentateur : Haley Van Dyck ! (Applaudissements) Pendant 18 minutes, 1 200 personnes, des inconnus pour la plupart, commencent à sentir leur esprit en phase avec celui de Haley et avec ceux des autres. Tout le monde génère littéralement les mêmes ondes cérébrales. Et je ne veux pas juste dire qu'ils ressentent la même chose. Quelque chose de plus est en train de se produire. Regardons dans l'esprit de Haley pendant un instant. Il y a des milliards de neurones interconnectés tout enchevêtrés. Chinese: 他們其實都有著 一項重要的相同要素， 也就是這個： 身為演講者的首要任務， 是在聽眾的心裡 獻上一份別出心裁之禮， 一項少見且美妙的東西： 我們稱之為「理念」。 給大家看看我說的意思。 這是海莉。 她即將帶來一場 TED 演講， 很顯然此時她舉足無措。 （影片） 演講人：海莉．凡．戴克！ （掌聲） 在長達 18 分鐘的時間裡， 1200 名諸多原先互不相識的觀眾， 發現到他們的思路開始 與海莉還有彼此的腦袋同步。 他們真的開始呈現出相同的腦波樣貌。 我說的不僅是相同情緒的感受， 還發生了更叫人吃驚的事情。 讓我們稍來一窺海莉的腦袋。 幾十億個錯綜複雜的 神經元交互連結， Persian: اما آنها واقعا یک نکته کلیدی مشترک دارند٬ و آن این است: اولین وظیفه شما به عنوان یک سخنران این است که به ذهن شنوندگان یک هدیه بسیار عجیب را انتقال دهید... یک چیز عجیب و زیبا به نام «ایده». اجازه بدهید منظورم را به شما نشان دهم. این هیلی است. او در آستانه ارائه یک سخنرانی TED است و بی تعارف٬ وحشت کرده است. (ویدیو) ارائه دهنده: هیلی ون دایک! (تشویق حضار) در طول مدت ۱۸ دقیقه٬ ۱٫۲۰۰ نفر٬ که اکثر آنها هیچ وقت قبلا همدیگر را ندیده‌اند٬ متوجه می‌شوند که مغزهایشان در حال مرتبط شدن با مغز هایلی و با یکدیگر است. در حقیقت در حال نمایش دادن الگوهای یکسان امواج مغزی هستند. و منظور من فقط این نیست که احساس یکسانی دارند. چیزی حتی شگفت انگیزتر در حال وقوع است. برای یک لحظه بیایید به داخل مغز هایلی نگاهی بیاندازیم. میلیاردها نورون در هم آمیخته‌اند و با هم در ارتباط هستند. Chinese: 但有一个关键点是相同的。 那就是： 作为演讲者最重要的任务 是送给你的听众一件特别的礼物—— 它神奇而美丽， 我们称之为“想法”。 下面我来解释一下。 这是海利。 她将要进行一个TED演讲, 坦白说，她很紧张。 （视频）主持人：海利·范·戴克！ （掌声） 在18分钟的演讲过程中， 此前互不相识的1200名听众 发现自己的思维渐渐与海利同步， 与其他人同步。 甚至可以说，他们的 脑电波都开始同步。 他们当时不仅感受相同。 还有更令人吃惊的事在发生。 让我们到海利的大脑中看一看。 数十亿神经元相互连接，互相缠绕。 Hungarian: mindannyiukban megvan egy közös összetevő, nevezetesen: Egy előadó elsődleges dolga, hogy átvigyen hallgatói fejébe egy rendkívüli ajándékot -- egy furcsa, csodálatos dolgot: egy gondolatot. Lássuk, mit is értek ez alatt! Ő itt Haley. Egy TED-előadást készül tartani, és - őszintén szólva - meg van ijedve. (Videó) Műsorvezető: Haley Van Dyck! (Taps) Ez alatt a 18 perc alatt 1200 ember, akiknek zöme soha nem találkozott a többiekkel, észreveszi, hogy agya elkezd Haley agyára, és a többiek agyára hangolódni. Szó szerint elkezdenek ugyanolyan agyhullám-mintákat produkálni. És nemcsak hogy ugyanazokat az érzéseket élik át, de valami sokkal meglepőbb dolog veszi kezdetét. Vessünk egy pillantást Haley agyára! Milliárdnyi agysejt, hihetetlen kesze-kuszaságban. Turkish: aslında bir ortak ana bileşene sahipler. Ve işte bu: Konuşmacı olarak bir numaralı göreviniz dinleyicilerinizin akıllarına olağanüstü bir hediye aktarmak -- fikir adını verdiğimiz ilginç ve güzel şey. Ne demek istediğimi size göstereyim. İşte Haley. Kendisi bir TED Konuşması vermek üzere ve dürüst olmak gerekirse korkmuş durumda. (Video) Sunucu: Haley Van Dyck! (Alkış) 18 dakika boyunca çoğu daha önce hiç birbirini görmemiş 1.200 kişi beyinlerinin Haley'nin beyni ve birbirlerininkiyle hizalandığını anlıyor. Cidden aynı beyin dalgası örüntüsünü göstermeye başladıklarını görüyorlar. Sadece aynı duyguları hissettiklerini söylemiyorum. Daha da ürkütücü bir şey oluyor. Bir dakikalığına Haley'nin beynine bakalım. Karmakarışık şekilde birbirine bağlı milyarlarca nöron var. Japanese: 実はひとつの共通する 重要な要素があります それは何か？ 講演者のすべきことは 何よりも 聴衆の頭の中へ特別な贈り物 — 奇妙だけど美しい「アイデア」という 贈り物を届けることなんです どういうことか 説明しましょう この人はヘイリーです これからTEDトークを するところですが 率直に言って 怯えきっています (司会) ヘイリー・ヴァンダイクです！ (拍手) この18分間の中で 1,200人の 多くは互いに 会ったこともない人たちが 自分の脳とヘイリーの脳が シンクロし始め 聴衆同士もシンクロしていくのを 感じます 彼らの脳波が文字通り 同じ波形を示し始めるんです 同じ気持ちに なるだけでなく さらに驚くようなことが 起き始めます ヘイリーの脳の中を ちょっと覗いてみましょう 途方もなく絡み合った 何十億というニューロンがあります Portuguese: na verdade eles têm um ingrediente-chave em comum, que é este: A vossa principal tarefa enquanto orador é transferir para a mente dos ouvintes uma dádiva extraordinária, um estranho e lindo objeto a que chamamos ideia. Vou mostrar-vos o que quero dizer. Esta é a Haley. Ela vai fazer uma palestra TED e, francamente, está aterrorizada. (Vídeo): Apresentador: Haley Van Dyck! (Aplausos) Ao longo de 18 minutos, 1200 pessoas, muitas das quais nunca se tinham visto antes, vão descobrir que os seus cérebros vão entrar em sintonia com o da Haley e uns com os outros. Estão a começar a exibir os mesmos padrões de ondas cerebrais. Mas não quero dizer só que sentem as mesmas emoções. Está a acontecer algo ainda mais surpreendente. Vamos espreitar o cérebro da Haley por um momento. Há milhares de milhões de neurónios interligados num entrelaçado impossível. Dutch: ze hebben één sleutelelement gemeen. Dat is dit: je hoofdtaak als spreker is om in het brein van je publiek een uitzonderlijk geschenk te planten, een vreemd en mooi ding dat we een idee noemen. Ik toon even wat ik bedoel. Dit is Haley. Ze staat op het punt om een TED Talk te geven en ze is eerlijk gezegd doodsbenauwd. (Video) Presentator: Haley Van Dyck! (Applaus) Chris Anderson: De volgende 18 minuten zullen 1.200 mensen, van wie de meesten elkaar nog nooit ontmoet hebben, ervaren dat hun brein zich afstemt op dat van Haley en op dat van de anderen. Ze gaan letterlijk dezelfde hersengolfpatronen vertonen. Ik bedoel niet alleen dat ze dezelfde emoties ervaren. Er gebeurt iets dat nog verbluffender is. Laten we even in het brein van Haley gaan kijken. Er zijn miljarden onderling verbonden neuronen, intens verstrengeld. Vietnamese: thực ra họ đều có một công thức chung. Và đó là Nhiệm vụ đầu tiên của một diễn giả là truyền tải vào tâm trí người nghe một món quà đặc biệt -- một vật thể lạ lẫm và đẹp đẽ mà chúng ta gọi là "Ý tưởng" Để tôi chỉ cho bạn điều đó. Đây là Haley. Cô ấy sắp diễn thuyết cho TED và rõ ràng cô ấy rất lo lắng. (Video) Diễn giả: Haley Van Dyck! (vỗ tay) Suốt khoảng thời gian 18 phút, 1.200 người, hầu hết chưa bao giờ gặp nhau nhận ra rằng bộ não của họ bắt đầu liên kết với não Haley và với nhau. Họ gần như bắt đầu có chung một dạng sóng não Họ không chỉ có chung cảm xúc Mà thậm chí có gì đó đáng kinh ngạc hơn diễn ra. Hãy quan sát bộ não của Haley một chút. Có hàng tỉ nơ ron liên kết với nhau thành một mớ lộn xộn khó tưởng. Kazakh: барлығына ортақ, ерекше бір әдісі бар. Бұл нәрсе: Баяндамашы ретінді ең бірінші- таныс емес және әдемі идеяны тыңдаушыларға ерекше сый ретінде жеткізе білу керек. Толығырақ түсіндірейін. Бұл - Хэйли. Ол көпшілік алдында TED баяндама жасамақшы және ол қорқып тұр. (Бейне) Жүргізуші: Хэйли Ван Дейк (Қол соғу) Алдағы 18 минут ішінде, бұрын соңды бірін-бірі танымайтын 1200 адам Хэйлидің миымен өзара синхронизациялана, яғни идеяны түсіне бастағандарын байқайды. Дәлірек айтсам, тыңдаушыларда бірдей ми толқындары түзеледі. Бұл барлығы бірдей бір сезімді сезінеді дегенді білдірмейді. Бұл жерде таңғажайып нәрсе орын алуда. Дәл осы кезде Хэйлидің миында не болып жатқанын көрейік. Мүмкін еместей шатасып, бір-бірімен байланысқан миллиардтаған нейрондар. Thai: แต่จริง ๆ แล้ว ล้วนมีส่วนผสมหลักอย่างหนึ่งเหมือนกัน และนั่นก็คือ งานสำคัญอันดับหนึ่งที่คุณต้องทำ ในฐานะผู้พูด คือถ่ายโอนของขวัญสุดพิเศษ ไปสู่จิตใจของผู้ฟัง สิ่งแปลกประหลาดและสวยงาม ที่เราเรียกว่า "ความคิด" ผมจะอธิบายให้ฟัง นี่คือเฮลีย์ เธอกำลังจะขึ้นพูดบนเวที TED Talk เอาจริง ๆ นะ เธอกลัวแทบตาย (วิดีโอ) พิธีกร: เฮลีย์ แวน ไดค์ (เสียงปรบมือ) ตลอดเวลา 18 นาที คน 1,200 คน ซึ่งหลายคนไม่เคยเจอกันมาก่อน กลับพบว่า สมองของเขา กำลังเริ่มสอดประสานกับสมองของเฮลีย์ และสมองของกันและกัน แบบแผนของคลื่นสมองของพวกเขา เริ่มเหมือนกันขึ้นมาจริง ๆ และผมไม่ได้หมายความแค่ว่า เขามีอารมณ์เหมือนกันเท่านั้น แต่กำลังมีบางอย่าง ที่น่าตื่นเต้นยิ่งกว่านั้นเกิดขึ้น เรามาดูภายในสมองของเฮลีย์กันสักนิด มีเซลล์ประสาทหลายพันล้านเซลล์ เชื่อมต่อกันยุ่งเหยิง Marathi: त्यांच्यात एक समान बाब होती ती अशी वक्ता म्हणून तुमचे पहिले काम आहे तुम्ही श्रोत्यांचा मनात बिंबविली पाहिजे अलौकिक देणगी वाटणारी सुंदर नवी कल्पना याचा अर्थ सांगतो. ही आहे हैली. ती टेड मध्ये व्याख्यान देणार आहे. खरतर ती घाबरली आहे. (दृश्य)सूत्रधार : हँँले वन डायक. (टाळ्या ) १८ मिनिटांपर्यंत १२०० जण ज्यांना कधी पहिले नाही असे ह्लेच्या मेंदूतील कल्पनांशी तादात्म साधणार आहेत आणि परस्परांशी. सर्वांच्या मेंदूती स्थिती समान असणार आहे. मला सांगायचे आहे कि भावनात्मक पातळीवर ते एकसमान आहेत. यापेक्षा आणखी काही बरेच आहे. आपण हलेच्या मेंदूचा आढावा घेऊ. त्यात अब्जावधी न्युरोन्सचे अगणित जाळे. Albanian: ato kanë një ingredient kyç të përbashkët. Dhe ky është: Detyra numër një si folës është të fusësh në mëndjen e dëgjuesit një dhuratë të vecantë-- diçka të bukur e të çuditshme që ne e quajmë ide. Po jua shpjegoj këtë. Ja ku është Haley. Ajo do të mbajë një fjalim TED dhe, sinqerisht, ka shumë frikë. Video-Prezantuesi: Haley Van Dyck! (Duartrokitje) Gjatë 18 minutave, 1200 persona, shumë nga të cilët as jane takuar më parë, zbulojnë që truri i tyre po fillon të sinkronizohet me trurin e Haley-it dhe me njëri tjetrin. Ata po fillojne të shfaqin të njëjtat motive të valëve të trurit. Dhe nuk e kam fjalën që ndjejnë të njëjtat emocione. Ka diçka më shumë. Le të shohim për një moment brënda trurit të Haley. Ka miliarda neurone te ndërlidhura në nyje të pamundshme. Lithuanian: jie turi vieną bendrą sudedamąją dalį. Ir ji yra šitai: Jūsų kaip kalbėtojų pagrindinė užduotis yra perduoti klausytojams tą nepaprastą dovaną – tą keistą ir gražų objektą, kurį vadiname idėja. Leiskite parodyti, ką turiu omeny. Štai Haley. Ji tuoj sakys TED kalbą ir, jei atvirai, ji persigandusi. (Video) Vedėjas: Haley Van Dyck! (Plojimai.) Per 18 minučių 1 200 žmonių, kurių dauguma nėra vieni kitų iki tol sutikę, pastebi, kad jų smegenys pradeda sinchronizuotis su Haley smegenimis ir vieni kitų smegenimis. Jų smegenys ima skleisti tokias pat smegenų bangų struktūras. Ir neturiu omeny tik tai, kad jie patiria tas pačias emocijas. Vyksta kažkas dar labiau stebinančio. Akimirkai pažvelkime į Haley smegenis. Ten milijardai neuronų, kartu sujungtų į neįmanomą rezginį. Romanian: au, de fapt, în comun un ingredient esenţial. Şi este acesta: prima ta sarcină ca vorbitor e să transferi în mintea ascultătorilor un dar extraordinar: un lucru ciudat şi frumos pe care îl numim „idee”. Daţi-mi voie să vă arăt: Aici e Haley. Urmează să ţină un discurs TED şi sincer, e îngrozită. (Video) Prezentator: Haley Van Dyck! (Aplauze) Timp de 18 minute, 1.200 de oameni, mulţi fără să se fi cunoscut înainte, realizează că se crează o sincronizare între creierele lor şi cel al lui Haley şi între creierele lor. Efectiv încep să prezinte aceleaşi tipare ale undelor cerebrale. Şi nu e vorba doar că simt aceleaşi emoţii. Ceva şi mai surprinzător se întâmplă. Să vedem puţin ce se întâmplă în creierul lui Haley. Sunt miliarde de neuroni interconectaţi într-un hăţiş imposibil. Slovak: majú v skutočnosti jednu ingredienciu spoločnú. A to: Vašou hlavnou úlohou, ako rečníka, je preniesť do myslí vašich poslucháčov výnimočný dar – zvláštny a nádherný objekt, ktorý nazývame myšlienka. Ukážem vám, čo tým myslím. Toto je Haley. Za chvíľu prezentuje na TEDe a úprimne, je dosť vydesená. (video) Moderátor: Hayle Van Dyck! (potlesk) Počas nasledujúcich 18 minút si 1 200 ľudí, z ktorých väčšina sa predtým nikdy nestretla, uvedomí, že ich mozog sa synchronizuje s Haleyným a s mozgom ostatných. Ich mozgové vlny vykazujú rovnaké znaky. A nemyslím len to, že pociťujú rovnaké emócie. Deje sa niečo oveľa prekvapivejšie. Pozrime sa na moment do Haleynho mozgu. Neuveriteľná spleť miliárd navzájom prepojených neurónov. Portuguese: eles na verdade têm um ingrediente em comum, que é o seguinte: sua principal tarefa como palestrante é transferir para a mente dos ouvintes um presente extraordinário, algo estranho e lindo, que chamamos de "ideia". Vou mostrar o que quero dizer. Esta é Haley. Ela está prestes a dar uma palestra TED e é óbvio que ela está apavorada. (Vídeo) Apresentador: Haley Van Dyck! (Aplausos) Durante 18 minutos, 1,2 mil pessoas, muitas das quais jamais se viram antes, descobrem que suas mentes entram em sincronia com a de Haley, e umas com as outras. Começam literalmente a exibir os mesmos padrões de ondas cerebrais. Não que estejam apenas sentindo as mesmas emoções. Algo ainda mais surpreendente acontece. Vamos dar uma olhada no cérebro de Haley um instante. Há bilhões de neurônios interconectados num emaranhado incrível, Russian: у них на самом деле есть общая составляющая. Вот она: ваша главная задача как докладчика — передать в сознание ваших слушателей исключительный дар — странный и прекрасный объект, именуемый идеей. Позвольте продемонстрировать, о чём я. Это Хейли. Она вот-вот выйдет на сцену TED и, честно говоря, она в ужасе. (Видео) Ведущий: Хейли Ван Дайк! (Аплодисменты) В течение 18 минут 1 200 незнакомых друг с другом людей обнаруживают, что их разум настраивается на одну волну с Хейли и друг с другом. Буквально: характер их мозговых волн становится идентичным. И дело не только в одинаковых эмоциях, происходит что-то ещё более невероятное. Давайте на секунду заглянем в разум Хейли. Миллиарды взаимосвязанных нейронов образуют чрезвычайно запутанный клубок. Burmese: သူတို့အားလုံးမှာ အဓိက တူညီတဲ့ အင်္ဂါရပ်တစ်ရပ် တကယ်ပဲရှိပါတယ်။ အဲဒါ ဒီလိုပါ။ ဟောပြောသူတစ်ဦးအနေနဲ့ နံပါတ်တစ် အလုပ်က သင့်နားထောင်သူတွေရဲ့ စိတ်တွေထဲကို ထူးခြားတဲ့ လက်ဆောင် လွှဲပြောင်းပေးဖို့ပါ၊ စိတ်ကူးလို့ ခေါ်ကြတဲ့ ထူးဆန်းပြီး လှပတဲ့ အရာဝတ္ထုတစ်ခုပါ။ ကျွန်တော်ဆိုလိုတာကို ပြပါရစေ ဟောဒီမှာ Haley ပါ။ သူမဟာ TED ဟောပြောချက်တစ်ခု လုပ်တော့မယ်၊ ပြောရရင် သူမ လန့်နေတာပေါ့။ (ဗီဒီယို) တင်ဆက်သူ: Haley Van Dyck (လက်ခုပ်သံများ) ၁၈ မိနစ်တာ ဖြစ်စဉ်မှာ လူ ၁၂၀၀၊ အများအပြားက တစ်ယောက်ကို တစ်ယောက် အရင်က မမြင်ဖူးကြသူတွေဟာ သူတို့ရဲ့ ဦးနှောက်တွေဟာ Haley ရဲ့ ဦးနှောက်နဲ့၊ တစ်ဦးနဲ့တစ်ဦး အချိန်ကိုက် လှုပ်ရှားနေတယ်လို့ ထင်နေတယ်။ ပြောရရင် သူတို့ဟာ တူညီတဲ့ ဦးနှောက်လှိုင်း အဆင်တွေကို စတင်ပြသနေတာပါ။ တူညီတဲ့ စိတ်ခံစားမှုတွေ ခံစားနေတယ် လို့ပဲ ဆိုလိုတာမဟုတ်ပါဘူး။ ပိုပြီးတောင် ရင်သပ်ရှုမောလောက်တာ တစ်ခုခု ဖြစ်နေတာပါ။ Haley ရဲ့ ဦးနှောက်အတွင်းဘက်ကို ခဏလောက် ကြည့်ရအောင်။ မဖြစ်နိုင်တဲ့ ရှုပ်ထွေးမှုတစ်ခုမှာ ဆက်သွယ် နေတဲ့ နူရွန်းတွေ ဘီလီယံချီ ရှိပါတယ်။ Indonesian: mereka mempunyai satu kesamaan. Dan inilah dia. Tugas utama Anda sebagai pembicara adalah untuk memindahkan ke benak pendengar Anda, satu hadiah yang luar biasa -- sebuah obyek indah dan aneh yang kita sebut ide. Mari saya tunjukkan apa maksudnya. Ini adalah Haley. Dia akan memberikan sesi TED Talk dan sebenarnya dia sangat gugup (Video) Pembawa acara: Haley Van Dyck! (Tepuk Tangan) Selama 18 menit, 1200 orang, yang kebanyakan dari mereka belum pernah bertemu sebelumnya, menyadari bahwa otak mereka mulai bersinkronisasi dengan otak Haley dan juga dengan sesama mereka. Mereka mulai menunjukan pola gelombang otak yang sama. Dan maksud saya bukan sekedar merasakan hal yang sama. Ada sesuatu yang lebih menakjubkan yang sedang terjadi. Mari kita lihat sejenak apa yang terjadi di dalam otak Haley. Ada milyaran sel otak yang terhubung dalam jalinan kusut. Swedish: så har de faktiskt en viktigt ingrediens gemensam. Och det är: Din huvudsakliga uppgift som föredagshållare är att överföra till dina åhörares medvetande en extraordinär gåva - ett märkligt och vackert ting som vi kallar en idé. Låt mig visa vad jag menar. Det är är Haley. Hon ska snart hålla ett föredrag på TED och hon är, faktiskt, skräckslagen. (Video) Värd: Haley Van Dyck! (Applåder) De närmaste 18 minutrarna, upptäcker 1 200 människor, de flesta av dem har aldrig sett varandra förr, att deras hjärnor börjar synka med Haleys hjärna och med varandra. De börjar bokstavligen att uppvisa samma mönster i hjärnvågorna. Och då menar jag inte att de känner samma känslor. Det är något ännu mer uppseendeväckande som händer. Låt oss titta in i Haleys hjärna för ett ögonblick. Där finns miljarder av uppkopplade neuroner i en osannolik röra. English: they actually do have one key common ingredient. And it's this: Your number one task as a speaker is to transfer into your listeners' minds an extraordinary gift -- a strange and beautiful object that we call an idea. Let me show you what I mean. Here's Haley. She is about to give a TED Talk and frankly, she's terrified. (Video) Presenter: Haley Van Dyck! (Applause) Over the course of 18 minutes, 1,200 people, many of whom have never seen each other before, are finding that their brains are starting to sync with Haley's brain and with each other. They're literally beginning to exhibit the same brain-wave patterns. And I don't just mean they're feeling the same emotions. There's something even more startling happening. Let's take a look inside Haley's brain for a moment. There are billions of interconnected neurons in an impossible tangle. Czech: mají ve skutečnosti jednu společnou složku. A tou je: Vaším úkolem číslo jedna jakožto řečníka je přenést do myslí vašich posluchačů neobyčejný dar – zvláštní, avšak nádherný objekt, kterému říkáme myšlenka. Ukážu vám, co mám na mysli. Toto je Haley. Za chvíli přednese svou přednášku TED a upřímně řečeno, je z toho vyděšená. (Video) Moderátor: Haley Van Dyck! (Potlesk) Během 18 minut 1 200 lidí, z nichž se mnozí nikdy předtím nepotkali, začne zjišťovat, že se jejich mozky synchronizují s mozkem Haley a se všemi ostatními. Všichni najednou doslova vysílají stejný vzorec mozkových vln. A nemyslím tím jen to, že cítí stejné emoce. Začíná se dít něco mnohem překvapivějšího. Podívejme se na chvíli dovnitř mozku Haley. Jsou zde neskutečně propletené miliardy neuronů. Galician: todos teñen un ingrediente común. E é este: A principal tarefa como relator é transferir á mente de quen vos escoita un regalo extraordinario, un estraño e fermoso obxecto que chamamos idea. Deixádeme explicárvolo. Aquí está Haley. Está a punto de dar unha charla TED e, francamente, está aterrada. (Vídeo) Presentador: Haley Van Dyck! (Aplausos) Durante 18 minutos, 1 200 persoas, moitas das cales nunca se viran antes senten que os seus cerebros se sincronizan co cerebro de Haley e entre si. Están literalmente comezando a exhibir os mesmos padróns cerebrais. E non só quero dicir que están sentindo as mesmas emocións. Ocorre algo aínda máis asombroso. Imos botarlle un ollo ao cerebro de Haley un momento. Hai millóns de neuronas interconectadas nunha enleada. Spanish: en realidad tienen un ingrediente clave común. Y es este: Su primera tarea como orador es hacer llegar a las mentes de sus oyentes un regalo extraordinario, algo extraño y hermoso que llamamos una idea. Les mostraré de qué hablo. Esta es Haley. Está a punto de dar una charla TED y francamente, está aterrorizada. (Video) Presentador: ¡Haley Van Dyck! (Aplausos) En el transcurso de 18 minutos, 1200 personas, muchas de las cuales nunca se han visto antes, ven que sus cerebros están empezando a sincronizar con el cerebro de Haley y entre sí. Empiezan a mostrar, literalmente, los mismos patrones de ondas cerebrales. Y no me refiero solo a que están sintiendo las mismas emociones. Hay algo aún más sorprendente. Veamos el interior del cerebro de Haley por un momento. Hay miles de millones de neuronas interconectadas en una maraña imposible. Swedish: Men titta här, precis här - är ett par miljoner av dem sammanlänkande till varandra på ett sätt som motsvarar en enda idé. Och otroligt nog, så återskapas exakt det här mönstret i realtid i medvetandet på alla som lyssnar. Just det, på bara några få minuter, blir ett mönster som inkluderar miljoner neuroner teleporterat till 1 200 hjärnor, bara för att de lyssnar på en röst och tittar på ett ansikte. Men vänta - vad är egentligen en idé? Tja, du kan tänka på den som ett mönster av information som hjälper dig att förstå och navigera i världen. Idéer kommer i alla former och storlekar, från komplexa och analytiska till enkla och estetiska. Här är bara några exempel hämtade från TEDs scen. Sir Ken Robinson - kreativitet är nyckeln till våra barns framtid. (Video) Sir Ken Robinson: Min poäng är att kreativitet idag är lika viktigt i utbildningen som att läsa och skriva, och vi borde behandla det med samma status. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy - byggnader i bambu är vackra. Thai: แต่ดูนี่ครับ ตรงนี้ มีกลุ่มเซลล์สองสามล้านเซลล์ ที่เชื่อมโยงกันอยู่ เป็นแบบแผนแทนความคิดอย่างหนึ่ง และไม่น่าเชื่อครับ แบบแผนเดียวกันนี้ กำลังถูกสร้างขึ้นพร้อมกัน ในสมองของแต่ละคนที่กำลังฟังอยู่ ใช่ครับ ภายในไม่กี่นาที แบบแผนที่เกิดจากเซลล์สมองหลายล้านเซลล์ กำลังถูกส่งผ่านไปสู่สมองของคน 1,200 คน เพียงแค่พวกเขาฟังเสียง และดูสีหน้าของใครคนหนึ่ง แต่เดี๋ยวนะ ว่าแต่ "ความคิด" คืออะไรนะ อืม คุณสามารถมองว่า มันคือแบบแผนของข้อมูล ที่ช่วยให้คุณเข้าใจ และใช้ชีวิตบนโลกนี้ก็ได้ ความคิดมีหลายรูปร่างและขนาด จากซับซ้อน เชิงวิเคราะห์ ไปจนถึงแบบเรียบง่าย เชิงสุนทรีย์ นี่คือตัวอย่างความคิดที่แบ่งปันบนเวที TED เซอร์ เคน โรบินสัน -- ความคิดสร้างสรรค์ คือกุญแจสำคัญสู่อนาคตของลูกหลานเรา (วิดีโอ) เซอร์ เคน โรบินสัน: ผมเชื่ออย่างหนักแน่นว่า ความคิดสร้างสรรค์ มีความสำคัญในการศึกษา พอ ๆ กับการอ่านออกเขียนได้ และเราควรปฏิบัติต่อมันอย่างเท่าเทียมกัน คริส แอนเดอร์สัน: เอลอรา ฮาร์ดี -- อาคารไม้ไผ่นั้นสวยงาม Norwegian: Men se her, akkurat her - noen millioner av dem er knyttet til hverandre slik at de fremstiller én enkel idé. Og utrolig nok blir dette mønsteret gjenskapt i sanntid inne i sinnet til alle tilhørerne. Det stemmer; i løpet av noen få minutter blir et mønster som involverer millioner av nevroner transportert inn til 1200 hjerner, bare ved at folk hører på en stemme og ser på et ansikt. Men vent litt - hva er en idé for noe, egentlig? Du kan forestille deg det som et mønster av informasjon som hjelper deg å forstå og å navigere verden. Idéer kan ha alle former og størrelser, fra komplekst og analytisk til enkelt og estetisk. Her er bare noen få eksempler fra TED-scenen. Sir Ken Robinson - kreativitet er nøkkelen til våre barns fremtid. (Video) Sir Ken Robinson: Min påstand er at kreativitet nå er like viktig i utdannelsen som leseferdighet, og vi bør gi den samme status. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- å bygge med bambus er vakkert. Marathi: पण इकडे पहा. त्यातील काही परस्परांशी जोडलेले असतात. जणू काही ते एक कल्पना सांगत असतात , आणि नवल हे की त्याच क्षणी असाच आराखडा ऐकाणाराच्या मनात निर्माण होतो. थोड्या वेळातच. ज्यात लक्षावधी न्युरोन्सनी भाग घेतलेला असतो आणि तो भाषण ऐकणाऱ्या १२०० लोकात परेषित होतो. केवळ आवाज व वक्त्याचा चेहरा पाहून काय आहे ही कल्पना? तुम्ही त्यास माहितीचा एक आराखडा समजा. जो तुम्हाला जगाचे व त्याच्या रहाट गाडीचे ज्ञान देतो या कल्पनांचा आकार विविध असतो. काही जातील काही पृथः करणात्मक तर काही साध्य काही सुंदर असतात काही उदाहरणे देतो केन रॉबिनसन म्हणतात मुलांचे भवितव्य त्यांच्या सृजनात्मक शक्तीत आहे. (दृश्य) सर केन रॉबिनसन: माझे म्हणणे आहे निर्मितीक्षमता हि शिक्षणात अक्षर ओलाका इतकीच महत्वाची आहे. दोघांचे महत्व आपण समान मानले पाहिजे. ख्रिसअँडरसन बांबूपासून बनविलेल्या सुंदर वस्तू. Russian: Но взгляните вот сюда: несколько миллионов связанных нейронов образуют единую идею. Фантастическим образом та же самая схема в реальном времени воссоздаётся в умах всех слушателей. Верно, всего за пару минут схема, образованная миллионами нейронов, телепортируется в 1 200 умов только потому, что эти люди слышат голос и видят лицо Хейли. Подождите, что же такое идея? Об идее можно думать как об информационной схеме, помогающей нам понять мир и ориентироваться в нём. Идеи бывают всевозможных форм и размеров: от сложных и аналитических до простых и чувственных. Вот всего несколько примеров, прозвучавших со сцены TED. Сэр Кен Робинсон: творчество — ключ к будущему наших детей. (Видео) Сэр Кен Робинсон: Моя позиция заключается в том, что сегодня творчество в образовании важно не меньше грамотности и должно иметь такой же статус. Крис Андерсон: Элора Харди — строения из бамбука прекрасны. Arabic: لكن أنظر هنا، في هذه المنطقة بضع ملايين من تلك الخلايا مترابطة ببعضها بطريقة تعبر عن فكرة واحدة. ويعاد نسخ هذا الترابط مباشرة بطريقة مذهلة في أدمغة جميع المستمعين والحاضرين. هذا صحيح، في غضون دقائق قليلة طريقة ترابط تلك الملايين من الخلايا العصبية يتم نقلها بدقة لأدمغة 1200 فقط عن طريق إستماع الناس لصوت محاضر ورؤيته. لكن مهلاً، كيف يمكن أن نعرف الفكرة؟ يمكن تعرف الفكرة كنمط متسلسل من المعلومات تساعدك على معرفة العالم والتعامل معه. توجد الأفكار بمختلف الأحجام والأشكال منها المركب والتحليلي ومنها البسيط والجمالي. فيما يلي بعض النماذج أخذت من مسرح TED السير كين روبنسون، الإبتكار هو مفتاح مستقبل أطفالنا. ما أقوله هو أن الإبداع الآن مهم أن يتواجد في التعليم كما تعلم القراءة والكتابة ويجب أن نعامل مع الإبداع بنفس الإهتمام والقدر. إيلورا هاردي، البناء بإستخدام شجر البامبو هو أمر جميل. Dutch: Maar kijk hier, hierzo: een paar miljoen ervan zijn met elkaar verbonden op een manier die één idee voorstelt. Ongelooflijk, maar exact ditzelfde patroon wordt in realtime aangemaakt in het brein van iedereen die luistert. Zo is het: in een paar minuten tijd wordt een patroon van miljoenen neuronen geteleporteerd naar 1.200 breinen, louter door te luisteren naar een stem en te kijken naar een gezicht. Maar wacht even -- wat is een idee eigenlijk? Je kan het zien als een patroon van informatie waardoor je de wereld beter snapt en er vlotter in navigeert. Je hebt ideeën in alle maten en gewichten, van complexe en analytische tot simpele en esthetische. Hier zijn enkele voorbeelden die op het TED-podium werden gedeeld. Sir Ken Robinson -- creativiteit is cruciaal voor de toekomst van onze kinderen. (Video) Sir Ken Robinson: Ik beweer dat creativiteit vandaag de dag even belangrijk is in het onderwijs als geletterdheid en dat ze allebei dezelfde status zouden moeten krijgen. CA: Elora Hardy -- bouwen met bamboe is mooi. Hungarian: De nézzék csak, itt -- pár millió közülük szépen összekapcsolódva, éppen egy gondolatot formál. És hihetetlen módon, ugyanez a minta valós időben megformálódik az összes hallgató agyában is. Igen, így van: alig pár perc alatt ez a milliónyi neuronból álló alakzat teleportálódik 1200 másik agyba, pusztán egy hang hallgatása és egy arc figyelése révén. Na várjunk csak! Mi is egy gondolat valójában? Nos, képzelhetjük úgy, mint egy információminta, amely segít a világ megértésében és a benne való eligazodásban. Mindenféle alakú és méretű gondolatok vannak, a bonyolult, elemző típusútól az egyszerű, szép gondolatokig. Ez csak néhány példa a TED színpadáról. Sir Ken Robinson -- gyermekeink jövőjének kulcsa a kreativitás. (Videó) Sir Ken Robinson: Meggyőződésem, hogy a kreativitás manapság olyan fontos az oktatásban, mint az írás-olvasás, és ennek megfelelően kéne is kezelnünk. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- a bambuszépítmények gyönyörűek. Indonesian: Tapi coba kita lihat disini -- jutaan sel otak itu saling terhubung satu sama lain sehingga menjadi satu kesatuan ide. Dan yang menakjubkan, pola ini diciptakan berulang kali di dalam otak orang-orang yang mendengarkan. Benar; hanya dalam beberapa menit, sebuah pola yang melibatkan jutaan sel otak ditransfer ke 1200 otak, hanya dengan mendengarkan suara dan melihat wajah seseorang. Tapi nanti dulu -- apa sih ide itu? Anda bisa memahami ide sebagai sebuah pola informasi yang membantu Anda memahami dan mengarungi dunia. Ide memiliki berbagai bentuk dan ukuran, mulai dari yang kompleks dan analitis, sampai dengan yang sederhana dan indah. Ini adalah beberapa contoh dari panggung TED. Sir Ken Robinson -- kreativitas adalah kunci untuk masa depan anak-anak kita. (Video) Sir Ken Robinson: Saya percaya bahwa saat ini, kreativitas sama pentingnya dengan baca tulis dalam pendidikan, dan kita harus memperlakukannya sama. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- keindahan membuat bangunan dari bambu. French: Mais regardez là, juste là, quelques millions d'entre eux sont liés entre eux pour représenter une seule idée. Et de façon incroyable, le même schéma prend forme en même temps dans l'esprit de tous les auditeurs. C'est vrai : en quelques minutes seulement un schéma qui mobilise des millions de neurones est téléporté dans 1 200 esprits, par le simple fait d'écouter une voix et de regarder un visage. Mais attendez : qu'est-ce qu'une idée en fait ? Eh bien, vous pouvez penser que c'est un type d'information qui vous aide à comprendre et à évoluer dans le monde. Les idées ont toutes sortes de formes et de tailles, depuis les complexes et analytiques aux simples et esthétiques. Voici quelques exemples partagés sur la scène de TED. Sir Ken Robinson - La créativité est la clé du futur de nos enfants. (Vidéo) Sir Ken Robinson : J'estime que la créativité de nos jours est aussi importante que l'alphabétisation, et nous devrions lui accorder la même importance. Chris Anderson : Elora Hardy à propos des constructions en bambou. Romanian: Dar priviţi aici, chiar aici: câteva milioane dintre ei sunt interconectaţi într-un mod ce reprezintă o singură idee. Şi, incredibil, exact acelaşi tipar e reprodus în timp real în minţile tuturor celor care ascultă. Chiar așa: în doar câteva minute, un tipar ce implică milioane de neuroni e teleportat în 1.200 de minţi, prin simplul fapt că oamenii ascultă o voce şi privesc un chip. Dar stai -- ce e, de fapt, o idee? Ei bine, puteţi să o priviţi ca pe un model de informaţie ce ne ajută să înţelegem şi să străbatem lumea. Ideile sunt de toate formele şi mărimile, de la complexe şi analitice, la simple şi estetice. Iată doar câteva exemple de pe scena TED. Sir Ken Robinson: creativitatea e cheia către viitorul copiilor noştri. (Video) Sir Ken Robinson: Argumentul meu e că acum, creativitatea e la fel de importantă în educaţie ca alfabetizarea, şi ar trebui să îi acordăm acelaşi statut. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy - frumuseţea construcţiilor de bambus. Albanian: Por shikoni këtu-- disa miliona nga ato janë lidhur me njëra tjetrën në një mënyrë që paraqet një ide të vetme. E pabesueshme, tamam ky motiv po krijohet pikërisht tani brënda mëndjes së secilit nga dëgjuesit. Po vërtetë, në pak minuta, një motiv që përfshin miliona neurone po teleportohet në 1200 mëndje, vetëm sepse njerëzit dëgjojnë një zë e shohin një fytyrë. Por, çfarë është një ide? Mund ta mendoni si një motiv informacioni që ju ndihmon të kuptoni botën. Idetë lindin në forma e masa të ndryshme, nga më komplekset dhe analitiket tek më të thjeshtat dhe estetiket. Ja disa shembuj që janë treguar në skenën e TED-it. Ken Robinson thotë: kreativiteti është çelësi i të ardhmes së fëmijëve. (Video) Ken Robinson: unë mendoj që kreativiteti tani është po aq i rëndësishëm në edukim sa shkrimi e këndimi dhe duhet trajtuar në të njëjtën mënyrë. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy-- është bukur të ndërtosh me bambu. Spanish: Pero miren aquí, justo aquí... unos cuantos millones están interconectadas de forma que constituyen una única idea. Y aunque parezca increíble, este patrón exacto es recreado, en tiempo real, en la mente de todos los que escuchan. Eso es; en solo unos minutos, un patrón en el que participan millones de neuronas se teletransporta a 1200 mentes, porque simplemente, la gente escucha una voz y ve un rostro. Pero esperen, en definitiva, ¿qué es una idea? Bueno, se puede entender como un patrón de información que nos ayuda a entender y a caminar por el mundo. Hay todo tipo de ideas, desde las complejas y analíticas hasta las simples y estéticas. Aquí escuchamos algunas desde el escenario de TED. Sir Ken Robinson dijo que la creatividad es clave para el futuro de nuestros hijos. (Video) Sir Ken Robinson: Mi opinión es que la creatividad es ahora, en la educación, igual de vital que la alfabetización, y debemos otorgarle la misma importancia. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy dijo que construir con bambú es hermoso. Modern Greek (1453-): Αλλά κοιτάξτε εδώ, ακριβώς εδώ -- μερικά εκατομμύρια από αυτούς συνδέονται μεταξύ τους με έναν τρόπο που αντιπροσωπεύει μία μοναδική ιδέα. Είναι απίστευτο πώς αυτό ακριβώς το μοτίβο αναδημιουργείται σε πραγματικό χρόνο μέσα στα μυαλά όλων όσων ακούνε. Ακριβώς! Μέσα σε μόλις λίγα λεπτά, ένα μοτίβο που εμπλέκει εκατομμύρια νευρώνες μεταφέρεται σε 1.200 μυαλά, από ανθρώπους που απλώς ακούνε μια φωνή και κοιτούν ένα πρόσωπο. Αλλά περιμένετε -- τι είναι τελικά μια ιδέα; Μπορείτε να τη σκεφτείτε σαν ένα μοτίβο πληροφοριών που σας βοηθά να καταλάβετε και να πλοηγηθείτε στον κόσμο. Οι ιδέες υπάρχουν σε κάθε μορφή, από πολύπλοκες και αναλυτικές έως απλές και αισθητικές. Να μερικά παραδείγματα που μοιραστήκαμε στη σκηνή του TED. Σερ Κεν Ρόμπινσον -- η δημιουργικότητα είναι το κλειδί στο μέλλον των παιδιών. (Βίντεο) Σερ Κ.Ρόμπινσον: Ο ισχυρισμός μου είναι ότι η δημιουργικότητα τώρα είναι τόσο σημαντική στην εκπαίδευση όσο και ο αλφαβητισμός, και θα πρέπει να της φερόμαστε με τον ίδιο τρόπο. Κρις Άντερσον: Ελόρα Χάρντι -- το να χτίζεις από μπαμπού είναι όμορφο. Polish: Ale spójrzcie tutaj! Kilka milionów łączy się w coś, co reprezentuje jedną ideę. Niewiarygodne, ale w czasie rzeczywistym identyczny wzór odtwarza umysł każdego słuchacza. W niespełna kilka minut układ wielu milionów neuronów jest teleportowany do 1200 umysłów, słuchających głosu i patrzących na twarz mówcy. Czym jest sama idea? Można postrzegać ją jako schemat informacji, który pomaga zrozumieć świat i poruszać się w nim. Idee przychodzą pod różną postacią, od złożonych i analitycznych, po proste i estetyczne. Oto kilka przykładów ze sceny TED. Sir Ken Robinson - kreatywność dzieci jest kluczem do przyszłości. (Film) Sir Ken Robinson: Kreatywność jest obecnie równie ważna w kształceniu jak czytanie i pisanie, i powinniśmy traktować ją równie poważnie. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy. Budowle z bambusa są piękne. Chinese: 但是看这里， 其中几百万个神经元连接在一起， 形成了一个想法。 难以置信的是，同样的连接方式， 也同时在每一位听众的 脑海中出现了。 是的，几分钟内， 这种包含几百万神经元的 特殊连接模式 仅仅通过听和看， 就传递进了1200个大脑之中。 那么，到底什么是想法呢？ 你可以理解为是一种信息的组合， 能帮你理解和探索这个世界。 想法是多种多样的， 有的复杂，有的简单， 有的理性，有的感性。 下面我举几个例子， 都发生在TED讲台上。 肯·罗宾逊爵士——创造力 是决定孩子未来的关键。 （视频）肯·罗宾逊爵士： 我认为在教育中， 培养创造力和教读书写字一样重要， 我们应该同样重视。 伊劳拉·哈迪—— 竹制建筑的魅力。 Lithuanian: Bet žiūrėkite čia, štai čia – keli milijonai jų yra sujungti kartu taip, kad jie atspindi vieną idėją. Ir nuostabu tai, kad ta pati struktūra realiu laiku atkuriama visų klausytojų smegenyse. Tai tiesa; per tik kelias minutes struktūra iš kelių milijonų neuronų teleportuojama į 1 200 protų, žmonėms tiesiog besiklausant balso ir žiūrint į veidą. Bet pala, kas išvis yra idėja? Na, galite galvoti, kad tai informacijos struktūra, padedanti jums suprasti pasaulį ir jame veikti. Idėjos būna įvairių formų ir dydžių, nuo sudėtingos ir analitinės iki paprastos ir estetinės. Ir štai tik keletas pavyzdžių, pasidalintų TED scenoje. Seras Ken Robinson – kūrybiškumas yra raktas į mūsų vaikų ateitį. (Video.) Seras Ken Robinson: Mano tezė: kūrybiškumas dabar švietime yra ne mažiau svarbus, nei raštingumas, ir mes jam turėtume skirti tokį pat dėmesį. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy – bambukiniai statiniai yra gražūs. German: Aber schauen Sie genau hier -- ein paar Millionen sind so miteinander verbunden, dass sie eine einzige Idee abbilden. Unglaublicherweise wird genau dieses Muster in den Gehirnen aller Zuhörer in Echtzeit nachgebildet. Genau -- in nur wenigen Minuten wird ein Muster, das Millionen von Neuronen umfasst, in 1 200 Gehirne teleportiert, allein indem Menschen einer Stimme lauschen und ein Gesicht betrachten. Aber Moment mal: Was ist überhaupt eine Idee? Man kann sie sich als Informationsmuster vorstellen, das einem hilft, die Welt zu verstehen und sich in ihr zu bewegen. Ideen haben die verschiedensten Gestalten, von komplex und analytisch bis hin zu einfach und ästhetisch. Hier sind nur einige Beispiele, die auf der TED-Bühne geteilt wurden. Sir Ken Robinson -- Kreativität ist der Schlüssel zur Zukunft unserer Kinder. (Video) Sir Ken Robinson: Nach meiner Überzeugung ist Kreativität heute für Bildung genauso wichtig wie Lesen und Schreiben; daher sollten wir sie gleichwertig behandeln. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- aus Bambus bauen, ist schön. Burmese: ဒါပေမဲ့ ဒီကိုကြည့်ပါ၊ ဟောဒီမှာပါ.. သန်းချီတဲ့ အချို့ဟာ ဒေတာတစ်ခု တည်းကို ကိုယ်စားပြုတဲ့ နည်းလမ်းတစ်ခုနဲ့ အချင်းချင်း ချိတ်ဆက်နေတယ်။ မယုံနိုင်စရာက ဒီထပ်တူကျတဲ့ အဆင်က နားထောင်သူတိုင်းရဲ့ စိတ်အတွင်းဘက်မှာ အချိန်နဲ့တစ်ပြေးညီ ပြန်ဖန်တီးနေတာပါ။ ဟုတ်ပါတယ်၊ မိနစ်အနည်းငယ် အတွင်းမှာပါပဲ၊ သန်းချီတဲ့ နူရွန်းတွေပါဝင်တဲ့ အဆင်တစ်ခုဟာ လူတွေဟာ အသံတစ်သံကို နားထောင်ရင်း၊ မျက်နှာတစ်ခုကို ကြည့်ရင်းကနေ စိတ်ပေါင်း ၁၂၀၀ ထဲကို အဝေးကိုအရောက် ပို့ဆောင်နေတာပါ။ ဒါနဲ့ နေဦး၊ စိတ်ကူးဆိုတာက ဘာလဲ။ ကောင်းပြီ၊ ကမ္ဘာကြီးကို နားလည်ပြီး လမ်းကြောင်ရှာဖို့ သင့်ကို ကူညီပေးတဲ့ သတင်းအချက်အလက် အဆင်တစ်ခုကို တွေးကြည့်ပါ။ စိတ်ကူးတွေဟာ ပုံစံစုံ၊ အရွယ်စုံနဲ့ လာတယ်၊ ရှုပ်ထွေးပြီး ပိုင်းခြားစိတ်ဖြာတာကနေ ရိုးစင်းပြီး အနု သုခုမဆန်တာထိပါ။ ဒါတွေက TED စင်မြင့်မှာ မျှဝေခဲ့တဲ့ နမူနာတစ်ချို့ပါ။ Sir Ken Robinson: ဖန်တီးနိုင်စွမ်းဟာ ကျုပ်တို့ ကလေးတွေရဲ့အနာဂတ်မှာ အခရာပါ။ (ဗီဒီယို) Sir Ken Robinson: ကျုပ်အမြင်ကတော့ အခုအခါ ဖန်တီးနိုင်စွမ်းဟာ စာပေမှာလိုပဲ ပညာရေးမှာလည်း အရေးပါပြီး တူညီတဲ့ အဆင့်အတန်းအနေနဲ့ သဘောထားသင့်ပါတယ်။ Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy- ဝါးကနေ ဆောက်တာက လှပပါတယ်။ Ukrainian: Дивіться сюди, прямо сюди -- кілька мільйонів їх пов'язані одне з одним, щоб показати одну ідею. Неймовірно, що те ж саме відбувається у той же час всередині мозку кожного слухача. Саме так, за кілька хвилин, схема із мільйонів нейронів телепортується до 1 200 мізків, коли люди просто слухають голос чи спостерігають за обличчям. Та чекайте -- що таке ідея? Що ж, можете вважати її моделлю інформації, що допомагає розуміти світ і орієнтуватись у ньому. Ідеї бувають найрізноманітніших форм і розмірів, від складних і аналітичних до простих і естетичних. Ось кілька прикладів, які пролунали зі сцени TED. Сер Кен Робінсон -- творчість - ключ до майбутнього наших дітей. (Відео) Сер Кен Робінсон: Я вважаю, що творчість така ж важлива в освіті як і письменність, і ми повинні дати їй такий самий статус. Кріс Андерсон: Елора Гарді -- будувати з бамбука - це чудово. Vietnamese: Nhưng hãy để ngay đây, chỗ này -- một vài triệu tế bào liên kết với nhau để thể hiện môt ý tưởng duy nhất. Và kỳ diệu là, sự liên kết này cũng được hình thành cùng lúc trong não bộ của tất cả những người đang lắng nghe. Đúng vậy, chỉ trong vài phút, một liên kết với hàng triệu nơ ron được truyền tải tới 1200 bộ não chỉ bằng việc mọi người lắng nghe và quan sát khuôn mặt. Khoan đã --- vậy thì ý tưởng là gì cơ? Bạn có thể hiểu nó là một dạng thông tin giúp bạn hiểu và định hình thế giới. Ý tưởng rất đa dạng, đa kích thước, từ phức tạp và lý tính đến đơn giản và thẩm mỹ. Đây là một vài ví dụ được chia sẻ trên sân khấu TED. Ngài Ken Robinson -- óc sáng tạo là chìa khóa cho tương lai con trẻ. (Video) Ngài Ken Robinson: Tôi cho rằng óc sáng tạo giờ đây cũng quan trọng trong dạy học như việc đọc viết và nên được coi trọng như nhau. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy - công trình làm từ tre rất đẹp. Italian: Ma guardate qui -- qualche milione è collegato in modo da rappresentare una singola idea. Incredibilmente, questo schema esatto viene ricreato in tempo reale nelle menti di chiunque ascolti. È corretto; in pochi minuti, uno schema che coinvolge milioni di neuroni viene teletrasportato in 1200 menti, solo perché delle persone ascoltano una voce e guardano un viso. Ma aspettate -- cos'è in realtà un'idea? Vedetela come uno schema di informazioni che aiuta a capire e navigare il mondo. Le idee sono di tutte le forme e dimensioni, dal complesso e analitico al semplice e estetico. Ecco alcuni esempi dal palco di TED. Sir Ken Robinson -- la creatività è la chiave del futuro dei nostri figli. (Video) Sir Ken Robinson: La mia affermazione è che la creatività è importante nell'istruzione tanto quanto l'alfabetizzazione, e dovremmo trattarla allo stesso livello. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- gli edifici in bambù sono meravigliosi. Persian: اما اینچا را ببینید٬ درست اینجا -- چند میلیون از آنها طوری به هم وصل شده‌اند که یک ایده خاص را نمایان می‌کنند. و باور کردنی نیست که در واقع دقیقا همین الگو در ذهن افراد شنونده هم شکل می‌گیرد. درست است؛ در تنها چند دقیقه٬ اگویی که میلیون‌ها نورون را در بر می‌گیرد در میان ۱٫۲۰۰ نفر انتقال یافته است٬ تنها با گوش کردن به یک صدا و نگاه کردن به یک چهره. اما صبر کنید -- به هر حال یک ایده چیست؟ خوب٬ می‌توانید به آن به عنوان الگویی از اطلاعات نگاه کنید که به شما کمک می‌کند دنیا را درک و هدایت کنید. ایده‌ها در همه شکل و اندازه‌ای وجود دارند٬ از تحلیلی و پیچیده گرفته تا ساده و ظریف. این‌ها مثال‌هایی هستند که از صحنه TED به اشتراک گذاشته شده‌اند. سر کن رابینسون -- خلاقیت، کلید دستیابی بچه‌های ما به آینده است. (ویدیو) سر کن رابینسون: بحث من این است که امروزه خلاقیت به اندازه سواد خواندن و نوشتن در آموزش اهمیت دارد٬ و باید جایگاهی یکسان برای آنها در نظر بگیریم. کریس اندرسون: الورا هاردی -- ساختمانی از بامبو زیبا است. Portuguese: mas vejam aqui, bem aqui: alguns milhões deles estão ligados uns aos outros de uma forma que representa uma ideia. Incrivelmente, esse padrão exato é recriado em tempo real nas mentes de todos da plateia. Isso mesmo: em apenas alguns minutos, um padrão envolvendo milhões de neurônios é teleportado para 1,2 mil mentes, somente ao ouvirem uma voz e observarem um rosto. Mas esperem... o que é uma ideia, afinal? Bem, podemos imaginá-la como um padrão de informações que o ajuda a entender e a experimentar o mundo. As ideias surgem em todas as formas e tamanhos, desde as complexas e analíticas às simples e estéticas. Eis apenas alguns exemplos compartilhados no palco do TED. Sir Ken Robinson... a criatividade é fundamental para o futuro das crianças. (Vídeo) Sir Ken Robinson: "Argumento que a criatividade, hoje, é tão importante para a educação quanto a alfabetização, e devemos tratá-la no mesmo nível". Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy... construir com bambu é lindo. Galician: Pero mirade aquí, xusto aquí: uns poucos millóns están conectados entre si dun xeito que representa unha simple idea. E, incriblemente, este padrón exacto estase reconstruíndo en tempo real dentro das mentes de toda a audiencia. É así; só nun par de minutos, un padrón que implica millóns de neuronas teletranspórtase a 1 200 mentes, só con que as persoas escoiten unha voz e miren unha cara. Pero agardade, que é unha idea? Ben, podedes imaxinala como un padrón de información que axuda a entender e a navegar o mundo. As ideas veñen de moitas formas e tamaños, desde as complexas e analíticas ás simples e estéticas. Aquí hai un par de exemplos compartidos desde o escenario TED. Sir Ken Robinson -A creatividade é a chave do futuro dos nosos nenos. (Vídeo) Sir Ken Robinson: O que sosteño é que a creatividade agora é tan importante en educación como a alfabetización e debemos tratala co mesmo status. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -Construír con bambú é fermoso. Japanese: でも ほらここに 互いに繋がり合った 数百万のニューロンが １つのアイデアを 表しています そして すごいことに それとちょうど同じパターンが 聞いている１人ひとりの頭の中に リアルタイムで再構成されていきます そうです ほんの数分の間に 何百万というニューロンが かかわるパターンが 1,200人の頭の中へ テレポートするんです ただ声に耳を傾け 顔を見ているだけで アイデアとは そもそも何なのか？ それは世界を理解し 舵取りしていく上で役立つ 情報のパターンだと 考えるといいでしょう アイデアには様々な形や 大きさがあり 複雑なもの 分析的なものから 単純なもの 美的なものまであります TEDのステージから例として いくつか見てみましょう ケン・ロビンソン “創造性は子どもの未来を握る鍵” (ケン･ロビンソン) 私の主張は 今や創造性は 教育において 読み書き同様に重要であり 同等に扱われるべきだ ということです (クリス) エローラ・ハーディー “竹で作られた建物は美しい” English: But look here, right here -- a few million of them are linked to each other in a way which represents a single idea. And incredibly, this exact pattern is being recreated in real time inside the minds of everyone listening. That's right; in just a few minutes, a pattern involving millions of neurons is being teleported into 1,200 minds, just by people listening to a voice and watching a face. But wait -- what is an idea anyway? Well, you can think of it as a pattern of information that helps you understand and navigate the world. Ideas come in all shapes and sizes, from the complex and analytical to the simple and aesthetic. Here are just a few examples shared from the TED stage. Sir Ken Robinson -- creativity is key to our kids' future. (Video) Sir Ken Robinson: My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- building from bamboo is beautiful. iw: אבל הביטו כאן, ממש כאן -- מיליונים אחדים מהם מקושרים ביניהם באופן שמייצג רעיון אחד ויחיד. ולא ייאמן, אבל בדיוק אותו דפוס נוצר מחדש בזמן אמת במוחותיהם של כל המאזינים. נכון מאד: תוך דקות ספורות דפוס בן מיליוני תאי עצב משתגר לתוך 1,200 מוחות, רק מתוך האזנה לקול והתבוננות בפרצוף. אבל רגע. מהו בכלל רעיון? אפשר לראות בו תבנית של מידע שעוזרת להבין את העולם ולהתמצא בו. לרעיונות יש כל מיני צורות וגדלים, למן המורכב והאנליטי ועד לפשוט והאסתטי. הנה כמה דוגמאות מבימת TED. סר קן רובינסון: היצירתיות היא המפתח לעתידם של ילדינו. (סרטון) סר קן רובינסון: טענתי היא שהיום היצירתיות חשובה בחינוך בדיוק כמו ידיעת קרוא וכתוב, ושעלינו להעניק לה אותו מעמד. כריס אנדרסון: אילורה הארדי, נהדר לבנות בבמבוק. Croatian: Ali pogledajte ondje, točno tamo -- nekoliko milijuna njih povezano je jedni s drugima na način koji predstavlja jednu ideju. I začudo, ovaj uzorak se ponovno stvara u stvarnom vremenu, unutar mozga svih koji slušaju. Tako je, u nekoliko minuta uzorak s milijunima neurona teleportira se u 1200 umova, samo zato što ljudi slušaju glas i gledaju lice. Ali čekajte -- što je to uopće ideja? Pa, možete misliti o tome kao o uzorku informacija koji pomaže da shvatite i krećete se svijetom. Ideje dolaze u svim oblicima i veličinama, od složenih i analitičkih do jednostavnih i lijepih. Evo samo nekoliko primjera podijeljenih na TED pozornici. Sir Ken Robinson -- kreativnost je ključ budućnosti naše djece. (Video) Sir Ken Robinson: Moja tvrdnja je ta da je kreativnost jednako važna u obrazovanju kao pismenost i trebali bismo je tretirati jednako. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- gradnja bambusom je predivna. Portuguese: Mas olhem, neste preciso ponto há milhões ligados uns aos outros de uma forma que representa uma única ideia. Incrivelmente, este mesmo padrão está a ser recriado em tempo real nas mentes de todos os que estão a ouvir. É verdade. Em apenas uns minutos, um padrão envolvendo milhões de neurónios é teletransportado para 1200 mentes, só porque as pessoas ouvem uma voz e veem uma cara. Mas, esperem, o que é uma ideia? Bem, podem vê-la como um padrão de informação que vos ajuda a compreender e a navegar pelo mundo. As ideias vêm em todas as formas e tamanhos, do complexo ao analítico, ao simples e ao estético. Estes são apenas uns exemplos partilhados no palco TED. Sir Ken Robinson — a criatividade é a chave para o futuro das nossas crianças. (Vídeo) O meu argumento é que a criatividade é tão importante para a educação quanto a literacia, e devíamos tratá-la com o mesmo estatuto. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy — construir com bambu é belíssimo. Catalan: Pero mireu aquí, exactament aquí: n'hi ha uns quants milions connectades entre elles d'una manera que representa una única idea. I increïblement, aquest patró concret es recrea en temps real dins les ments de tots els que l'escolten. És així. En tan sols uns minuts un patró format per milions de neurones és teletransportat a 1.200 ments, només per escoltar una veu i mirar una cara. Però espereu, què és una idea de totes maneres? Bé, pots pensar-hi com un patró d'informació que t'ajuda a entendre i el món i a navegar-hi. Les idees tenen moltes formes, de les més complexes i analítiques a les més simples i estètiques. Aquí tenim uns quants exemples compartits des de l'escenari de TED. Sir Ken Robinson: La creativitat és la clau del futur dels nostres nens. Sir Ken Robinson: El que afirmo és que actualment la creativitat és tan important en l'educació com l'alfabetització, i l'hauríem de tratar amb la mateixa importància. Elora Hardy: Construir amb bambú és preciós. Serbian: Pogledajte, baš ovde - nekoliko miliona njih povezani su međusobno na način koji predstavlja jednu ideju. Neverovatno, ovaj isti obrazac se u isto vreme stvara u umovima svih koji slušaju. Tako je; u samo nekoliko minuta, obrazac koji uključuje milione neurona teleportuje se u 1 200 umova, samo tako što ljudi slušaju jedan glas i gledaju jedno lice. No, čekajte, šta je uopšte ideja? Možete o njoj misliti kao o šemi informacija koja vam pomaže da razumete svet i upravljate njime. Ideje se javljaju u raznim oblicima i veličinama, od složenih i analitičkih do jednostavnih i estetskih. Evo nekih primera sa TED bine. Ser Ken Robinson - kreativnost je ključ budućnosti naše dece. (Video) Ser Ken Robinson: Moj argument je da je danas kreativnost jednako važna u obrazovanju kao pismenost, i trebalo bi da joj damo isti status. Kris Anderson: Elora Hardi - građevine od bambusa su prelepe. Chinese: 但是看這邊... 數百萬個神經元交互 連結而成一個觀念想法， 且神奇地這個樣態正被同步 重現於聽眾的腦海裡。 沒錯！只消幾分鐘的時間， 涉及數百萬個神經元的連結排列 被隔空傳達到 1200 名聽眾的腦海； 單單透過眾人聽著聲音、看著一張臉。 但是等等... 到底什麼是「理念」呢？ 你可以將其視為一種資訊的樣貌， 能幫助你認識以及遊走這個世界。 理念可以有各種樣子和大小， 打從複雜、需要理性分析的， 至乎簡單、關於感性之美的。 這裡有幾個在 TED 講台上 分享理念的例子： 肯．羅賓森爵士帶來 「創意是孩子們前途的關鍵！」 （影片）羅賓森爵士：我主張現今教育 創意的重要性不亞於讀寫能力， 我們應當同等重視。 安德森：依蘿拉．哈蒂帶來 「竹材建築是美觀的」。 Czech: Ale když se podíváte sem – pár milionů se jich propojilo do něčeho, co vyjadřuje jedinou myšlenku. A ač je to k neuvěření, stejný vzorec se právě teď vytváří v myslích kohokoli, kdo ji poslouchá. Přesně tak: během pár minut se vzorec z milionů neuronů přenese do mysli 1 200 lidí, kteří jen naslouchají jejímu hlasu a pozorují její tvář. Ale počkat: co je to vlastně myšlenka? Můžete si ji představit jako vzorek informace, která vám pomáhá vyznat se ve světě. Myšlenky přichází v mnoha tvarech i velikostech, od komplexních a analytických po prosté a estetické. Tady je jen pár příkladů z jeviště TEDu. Sir Ken Robinson – kreativita je klíčem k budoucnosti našich dětí. (Video) Sir Ken Robinson: Jsem přesvědčen, že kreativita je nyní pro vzdělání stejně podstatná jako gramotnost, a že bychom k ní měli přistupovat stejně vážně. Chris Anderson: Elora Handy – stavění z bambusu je nádherné. Slovak: Ale pozrite sa sem, presne tu – niekoľko miliónov je navzájom prepojených a reprezentuje jednu myšlienku. Neuveriteľné, tento istý vzor je znovuvytváraný práve teraz v mysliach všetkých, ktorí práve počúvajú. V priebehu nasledujúcich minút, sa vzor skladajúci sa z miliónov neurónov prenesie do 1 200 myslí, len počúvaním hlasu a sledovaním tváre. Ale moment – čo je to myšlienka? Môžete si ju predstaviť ako vzor informácií, ktoré vám pomáhajú porozumieť a orientovať sa vo svete. Existujú rôzne myšlienky, od komplexných a analytických až po jednoduché a estetické. Tu je len niekoľko príkladov, ktoré sa objavili na doskách TEDu. Sir Ken Robinson – kreativita je kľúčom k budúcnosti našich detí. (video) Sir Ken Robinson: Tvrdím, že kreativita je teraz vo vzdelávaní taká dôležitá ako gramotnosť, a mali by sme k nej pristupovať s rovnakou dôležitosťou. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy – stavať z bambusu je nádherné. Korean: 그런데 바로 여기에 그 중 몇백만 개는 서로 얽혀있어서 하나의 아이디어를 나타냅니다. 그리고 놀랍게도 정확히 똑같은 패턴이 강연을 듣는 모든 사람의 머릿속에서 실시간으로 재현됩니다. 그래요. 몇 분도 안 되서 수백만 개의 뉴런으로 구성된 패턴이 1200개의 뇌 속으로 이동되는 거죠. 얼굴을 바라보고 목소리를 듣는 것만으로도요. 그런데 아이디어라는 게 대체 뭘까요? 세상을 이해하고 탐구하도록 도와주는 정보의 패턴이라고 생각할 수 있습니다. 아이디어의 형태와 크기는 다양합니다. 복잡하고 분석적인 것에서 단순하고 심미적인 것까지요. TED 무대에서 소개되었던 것들을 몇 개 보여드릴게요. 켄 로빈슨 경의 "창의력은 아이들의 미래에 중요한 요소다." 켄 로빈슨 경: 제 주장은 오늘날에 창의력이 교육 분야에서 문해교육만큼이나 중요하며 같은 위상으로 다루어져야 한다는 겁니다. 크리스 앤더슨: 엘로라 하디의 대나무로 만드는 것은 아름답다. Bulgarian: Но вижте тук, точно тук - няколко милиона от тях са свързани помежду си по начин, който представя една единствена идея. И невероятно как, абсолютно същият модел бива възпроизведен в реално време в умовете на всички слушащи. Точно така; само след няколко минути модел, включващ милиони неврони, бива телепортиран до 1200 умове, само докато тези хора слушат глас и гледат лице. Но чакайте малко - какво е идеята така или иначе? Ами, можете да си я представяте като модел на информация, който ви помага да разберете и да се ориентирате в света. Идеите идват във всякакви форми и размери: от комплексни и аналитични до простички и естетически. Ето само няколко примера, споделени от сцената на TED. Сър Кен Робинсън - творчеството е ключът към бъдещето на децата ни. (Видео) Сър Кен Робинсън: "Аз твърдя, че творчеството днес е толкова важно в образованието, колкото и грамотността, и ние трябва да го третираме със същия приоритет." Крис Андерсън: Елора Харди - да строиш с бамбук е красиво. Kazakh: Бірақ, мына жерге қараңыз -- бірнеше миллионы өзара байланысқан күйде жалғыз бір идеяны ұсынады. Таңқаларлығы, дәл осы байланысқан нейрондар үлгісі тыңдаушылардың миында да, дәл сол сәтте пайда болады. Дәл солай, аздаған минут ішінде, миллиондаған нейроннан тұратын идеа үлгісі сөйлеушінің дауысын естумен және бейнесін қараумен 1200 адамның миына телепортталады. Бірақ тоқтаңыз - идея дегеніміз не? Идеяны әлемді түсінуге және басқаруға көмектесетін ақпарат бөлігі деп түсінсеңіз болады. Идея әр түрлі формада және көлемде, комплексті және аналитикалық, қарапайым және эстетикалық түрлері де бар. TED сахнасынан бірнеше мысалды қарастырайық. Сэр Кен Робинсон- шығармашылық балаларымыздың болашағының кілті. (Бейне) Сэр Кен Робинсон: Пайымдауымша, қазіргі таңда шығармашылық - білім берудегі сауаттылық секілді маңызды және осы дәрежеде шығармашылыққа көңіл бөлу тиіспіз. Крис Андерсон: Элора Харди - бамбуктан құралған ғимараттар керемет Turkish: Ama buraya bakın, işte burada -- birkaç milyon tanesi tek bir fikri temsil edecek şekilde birbirine bağlanmış durumda. Ve inanılmaz bir şekilde aynı model gerçek zamanlı olarak dinleyen herkesin aklında yaratılıyor. Bu doğru, birkaç dakika içinde milyonlarca nöronu içeren bir model sadece bir sesi dinleyen ve bir yüzü izleyen insanlarla 1.200 aklın içine ışınlanıyor. Ama bekleyin -- o zaman fikir nedir? Dünyayı anlamanıza ve yönlendirmenize yardımcı olan bilgi örüntüleri olarak düşünebilirsiniz. Fikirler karmaşık ve analitik olandan basit ve estetik olana kadar tüm şekil ve büyüklüklerde olurlar. İşte TED sahnesinden paylaştığımız birkaç örnek. Sör Ken Robinson -- yaratıcılık çocuklarımızın geleceği için anahtardır. (Video) Sör Ken Robinson: Benim iddiam eğitimde artık yaratıcılığın okuryazarlık kadar önemli olduğu ve aynı seviyede görmemiz gerektiği. Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- bambuyla inşa etmek güzeldir. Russian: (Видео) Элора Харди: Он растёт вокруг нас, он крепок и элегантен, он может выдержать землетрясение. КА: Чимаманда Адичи — люди многогранны. (Видео) Чимаманда Адичи: Единственная точка зрения создаёт стереотипы. И проблема со стереотипами — не в том, что они ошибочны, а в том, что они неполные. КА: Ваш ум полон идей, эти идеи не хаотичны, а тщательно соединены между собой. В совокупности они образуют невероятно сложную структуру, а именно ваше ви́дение мира. Это оперативная система вашего мозга. Это то, как вы ориентируетесь в мире. Ви́дение мира образовано миллионами отдельных идей. Например, если одним из компонентов вашего мировоззрения является идея, что котята милы, то, увидя вот это, вы отреагируете вот так. Но если другим компонентом мировоззрения будет идея, что леопарды опасны, то увидя вот это, вы отреагируете немного иначе. Очевидно, почему идеи, Czech: (Video) Elora Hardy: Roste všude kolem nás, je silný, je elegantní, odolá i zemětřesení. ChA: Chimamanda Adichie – lidé jsou víc než jen jedna identita. (Video) Chimamanda Adichie: Jeden jediný příběh tvoří stereotypy a problém se stereotypy není ten, že by nebyly pravdivé, ale ten, že nejsou kompletní. ChA: Vaše mysl se myšlenkami hemží, a ne jen tak náhodně. Jsou krásně propojené dohromady. Společně tvoří úžasně komplexní strukturu, kterou je váš osobní světonázor. A ten je operačním systémem vašeho mozku. Je to způsob, jakým se protloukáte po světě. A je poskládán z milionů jednotlivých myšlenek. Pokud je kupříkladu jednou ze součástí vašeho světonázoru myšlenka, že koťata jsou roztomilá, kdykoli uvidíte toto, budete reagovat takhle. Pokud je ale jinou součástí vašeho světonázoru myšlenka, že leopardi jsou nebezpeční, kdykoli uvidíte toto, budete reagovat trošku jinak. Je tedy zřejmé, Modern Greek (1453-): (Βίντεο) Ελόρα Χάρντι: Μεγαλώνει παντού γύρω μας, είναι δυνατό, είναι κομψό, είναι αντισεισμικό. ΚΑ: Τσιμαμάντα Αντίτσι -- ο άνθρωποι είναι περισσότερο από μία μόνο ταυτότητα. (Βίντεο) Τσιμαμάντα Αντίτσι: Η μονοσήμαντη ιστορία δημιουργεί στερεότυπα, και το πρόβλημα με τα στερεότυπα δεν είναι ότι είναι αναληθή, αλλά ότι είναι ατελή. ΚΑ: Το μυαλό σας σφύζει από ιδέες, και όχι τυχαία. Συνδέονται προσεκτικά μεταξύ τους. Συλλογικά σχηματίζουν μια εκπληκτικά περίπλοκη δομή που είναι η προσωπική σας κοσμοθεωρία. Είναι το λειτουργικό σύστημα του εγκεφάλου σας. Είναι το πώς πλοηγείστε στον κόσμο. Και είναι φτιαγμένος από εκατομμύρια μοναδικές ιδέες. Έτσι, για παράδειγμα, εάν ένα μικρό κομμάτι της κοσμοθεωρίας σας είναι η ιδέα ότι τα γατάκια είναι αξιολάτρευτα, τότε όταν δείτε αυτό, θα αντιδράσετε έτσι. Αλλά αν ένα άλλο κομμάτι της κοσμοθεωρίας σας είναι η ιδέα ότι οι λεοπαρδάλεις είναι επικίνδυνες, τότε όταν δείτε αυτό, θα αντιδράσετε κάπως διαφορετικά. Έτσι, είναι αρκετά προφανές Thai: (วิดีโอ) เอลอรา ฮาร์ดี้: ไม้ไผ่เติบโตอยู่รอบตัวเรา มันแข็งแรง งามสง่า และทนทานต่อแผ่นดินไหว คริส: ชิมามานดา อดิชี -- คนเราไม่ได้มีอัตลักษณ์ด้านเดียว (วิดีโอ) ชิมามานดา อดิชี: เรื่องราวด้านเดียวทำให้เกิดภาพเหมารวม และภาพเหมารวมนั้นมีปัญหา ไม่ใช่เพราะว่ามันไม่จริง แต่เพราะว่ามันไม่ครบรอบด้าน คริส: สมองของคุณเต็มไปด้วยความคิด ซึ่งไม่ได้อยู่กันสะเปะสะปะ แต่มันเชื่อมโยงกันอย่างมีระบบ และเมื่อรวมกันเข้า ก็เกิดโครงสร้างที่ซับซ้อนอย่างน่าทึ่ง นั่นคือโลกทัศน์ส่วนตัวของคุณ มันคือระบบปฏิบัติการของสมองคุณ มันคือแนวทางที่คุณใช้ชีวิตบนโลก และมันถูกสร้างขึ้นมาจาก ความคิดต่าง ๆ หลายล้านหน่วย อย่างเช่น ถ้าส่วนประกอบเล็ก ๆ ของโลกทัศน์ของคุณ คือความคิดว่าลูกแมวนั้นน่ารัก เมื่อคุณเห็นสิ่งนี้ คุณก็จะมีปฏิกิริยาตอบสนองแบบนี้ แต่ถ้าส่วนประกอบอีกชิ้นหนึ่ง ของโลกทัศน์ของคุณ คือความคิดว่าเสือดาวอันตราย ดังนั้น เมื่อคุณเห็นเจ้านี่ คุณก็จะตอบสนองต่างออกไป เข้าใจไม่ยากเลยใช่ไหมครับ Slovak: (video) Elora Hardy: Rastie všade okolo nás, je pevný, elegantný a vydrží zemetrasenie. CA: Chimamanda Adichie – ľudia majú viac ako len jednu identitu. (video) Chimamanda Adichie: Osamotené príbehy budujú stereotypy, a problém so stereotypmi nie je ten, že by neboli pravdivé, ale že sú neúplné. CA: Vo vašej mysli sa hemžia myšlienky a nie náhodne. Sú precízne poprepájané. Spoločne tvoria úžasne komplexnú štruktúru, váš osobný pohľad na svet. Je to operačný systém vášho mozgu. Orientujete sa ním vo svete. A je tvorený miliónmi samostatných myšlienok. Takže, napríklad, v jednej maličkej časti vášho pohľadu na svet, je myšlienka, že mačiatka sú rozkošné, a ak vidíte toto, zareagujete asi takto. Ale ak iná časť vášho pohľadu na svet, je myšlienka, že leopardy sú nebezpečné, potom, ak uvidíte toto, vaša reakcia bude iná. Takže je úplne zjavné, Portuguese: (Vídeo) Elora Hardy: "Cresce em toda a nossa volta, é firme, elegante, resistente a terremotos". CA: Chimamanda Adichie... as pessoas são mais do que uma identidade. (Vídeo) Chimamanda Adichie: "A história única cria estereótipos e o problema dos estereótipos não é que não sejam verdadeiros, mas são incompletos". CA: Sua mente está repleta de ideias, e não simplesmente aleatórias. Elas estão cuidadosamente ligadas. Juntas, elas formam uma estrutura incrivelmente complexa que é a sua visão pessoal de mundo. É o sistema operacional do seu cérebro, é a forma como você experimenta o mundo e é construída a partir de milhões de ideias individuais. Por exemplo, se um pequeno componente da sua visão de mundo é a ideia de que gatinhos são seres adoráveis, quando você vir isto, vai reagir assim. Se outro componente da sua visão de mundo for a ideia de que leopardos são perigosos, quando você vir isto, vai reagir um pouquinho diferente. Então, fica bem evidente Norwegian: (Video) Elora Hardy: Det vokser overalt rundt oss, det er sterkt, det er elegant, det er resistent mot jordskjelv. CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- folk er mer enn bare én identitet. (Video) Chimamanda Adichie: den enkle historien skaper stereotyper, og problemet med stereotyper er ikke at de er usanne, men at det er ufullstendige. CA: Din hjerne myldrer av ideer, og ikke bare på måfå. De er nøye knyttet sammen. Samlet sett danner de en utrolig kompleks struktur, ditt personlige verdensbilde. Det er din hjernes operativsystem. Det er måten du navigerer i verden på. Og det er bygd opp av millioner av individuelle ideer. For eksempel, hvis én liten komponent av ditt verdensbilde er ideen om at kattunger er bedårende, og du ser dette, vil du reagere slik. Men hvis en annen komponent av ditt verdensbilde er ideen at leoparder er farlige, og du ser dette, vil du reagere litt annerledes. Så det er åpenbart Arabic: إنها تنمو حولنا جميعاً وهي قوية، جميلة المظهر، ومقاومة للزلازل. تشيماماندا أديشي، الناس هم أكثر من هوية واحدة. الصورة النمطية تنتج عن قصة واحدة والمشكلة في الصور النمطية ليس أنها غير صحيحة، ولكنها غير مكتملة. يزخر عقلك بالعديد من الأفكار وهي ليست عشوائية فقط. بل متصلة ببعضها البعض بعناية. وهي تجتمع معا في بناء مركب بشكل مدهش مشكلا نظرتك الخاصة للعالم. فهي نظام التشغيل الخاص بدماغك. ومن خلالها تتمكن من التعامل مع العالم. هذا البناء مكون من ملايين الأفكار المفردة فمثلا، إن كانت إحدى أفكارك المفردة عن العالم هي أن جميع القطط جميلة ولطيفه فعندما تنظر إلى هذا ستكون ردة فعلك هكذا. لكن في حال كانت إحدى أفكارك عن العالم أن الفهود تشكل خطرا فعندما ترى هذا ستكون ردة فعلك مختلفة نوعاً ما. لذا من الواضح Korean: 엘로라 하디: 우리 주위 어디에서나 자라고 강하며 우아하고 지진도 잘 견딥니다. 크리스 앤더슨: 치아만다 아디치의 사람의 자아는 한 개가 아니다 치아만다 아디치: 하나의 이야기가 하나의 고정관념을 만들어 냅니다. 편견이 문제되는 이유는 거짓이어서가 아니라 불완전하기 때문입니다. 크리스 앤더스: 여러분의 머리는 아이디어로 흘러 넘칩니다. 하지만 무질서하게 있는 게 아닙니다. 정교하게 연결되어 있죠. 아이디어들은 집단적으로 놀라울만큼 복잡한 구조를 형성합니다. 그게 여러분의 개인적인 세계관이고 여러분의 뇌의 운영체계이자 여러분이 세상을 탐구하는 방식입니다. 수백만 개의 개별적인 아이디어들로 구축되어 있죠. 일례로, 여러분의 세계관의 작은 구성요소 중 하나가 새끼 고양이가 귀엽다는 것이라면 이걸 보는 순간 여러분은 이렇게 반응할 겁니다. 그리고 세계관의 다른 구성요소 중 하나는 표범이 위험하다는 것이라면 이걸 보는 순간 조금 다르게 반응할 겁니다. 그렇기 때문에 세계관을 이루는 Turkish: (Video) Elora Hardy: Her yerde büyürler, güçlüdürler, zariftirler, depreme dayanıklıdırlar. CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- insanlar tek bir kimlikten fazlasıdırlar. (Video) Chimamanda Adichie: Tek bir hikâye klişeler yaratır ve klişelerle ilgili sorun doğru olmamaları değil, eksik olmalarıdır. CA: Aklınız fikirlerle kaynaşıyor ve sadece tesadüfen değil. Dikkatli bir şekilde birbirine bağlanır. Hep beraber kişisel dünya görüşünüz olan inanılmaz karmaşık yapıları oluştururlar. Beyninizin işletim sistemidirler. Dünyaya nasıl yön verdiğinizdir. Milyonlarca kişisel fikrin bileşiminden oluşurlar. Yani, örneğin, eğer dünya görüşünüzün küçük bir bileşeni yavru kedilerin çok sevilesi olduğu düşüncesiyse, bunu gördüğünüzde bu şekilde tepki verirsiniz. Ancak eğer dünya görüşünüzün diğer bir bileşeni leoparların tehlikeli olduğu düşüncesiyse, bunu gördüğünüzde, biraz farklı tepki verirsiniz. Bundan dolayı dünya görüşünüzü Albanian: (Video) Elora hardy: Rritet gjithandej, është i fortë, elegant, i reziston tërmetit. CA: Chimamanda Adichie --njerëzit janë më shumë se një identitet i vetëm. (Video)Chimamanda Adichie: Një histori e vetme krijon stereotipe, dhe problemi me to është jo se ato janë të pavërteta, por se nuk janë të plota. CA: Mendja juaj është tejmbushur me ide, dhe jo rastësisht. Ato janë të lidhura me kujdes me njëra tjetrën bashkë ato formojnë një strukturë komplekse të mrekullueshme që është pikëvështrimi ynë i botës. Eshtë sistemi operator i trurit. Eshtë si e kuptojmë botën. Dhe është ndërtuar mbi miliona ide individuale. Për shëmbull, nëse një element i visionit ndaj botës është ideja që macet janë të lezeçme, atëherë kur ti e sheh këtë, reagon kështu ndaj saj. Por, nëse një element tjetër i vizionit është idea që leopardët janë të rrezikshëm, kur ti i sheh, reagon ndryshe. Pra, është e kuptueshme Indonesian: (Video) Elora Hardy: Bambu tumbuh di sekitar kita, dia kuat, elegan, tahan terhadap gempa bumi. CA: Chimanda Adichie -- orang-orang memiliki lebih dari satu identitas. (Video) Chimamanda Adichie: Cerita yang sama menciptakan stereotip, dan masalahnya bukannya stereotip itu salah, tapi stereotip itu tidak lengkap. CA: Otak Anda dipenuhi dengan ide-ide, dan tidak sekedar acak. Ide-ide itu saling terkait. Bersama-sama, ide-ide itu membuat sebuah struktur yang kompleks yang merupakan sudut pandang Anda terhadap dunia. Ia adalah sistem operasi otak Anda, yang Anda gunakan untuk mengarungi dunia. Struktur tersebut terdiri dari jutaan ide. Misalnya, jika satu komponen kecil dari cara pandang Anda adalah ide bahwa anak kucing itu menggemaskan, maka ketika Anda melihat ini, Anda akan bereaksi seperti ini. Tapi jika komponen lainnya dalam cara pandang Anda adalah ide bahwa macan tutul itu berbahaya, maka ketika Anda melihat ini, Anda akan memiliki reaksi yang berbeda. Jadi sudah cukup jelas mengapa Romanian: (Video) Elora Hardy: Creşte pretutindeni, e dur, elegant, rezistent la cutremur. CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- oamenii sunt mai mult decât o singură identitate. (Video) Chimamanda Adichie: Povestea singulară naşte stereotipuri, iar problema stereotipurilor nu e că sunt neadevărate, ci că sunt incomplete. CA: Mintea voastră e înţesată de idei şi nu la întâmplare. Sunt conectate cu grijă. Împreună, formează o structură uimitor de complexă care e concepţia voastră despre lume. E sistemul de operare al creierului vostru. E modul în care navigaţi prin lume. Şi e clădit din milioane de idei individuale. De exemplu, dacă o mică parte a concepţiei voastre despre lume este ideea că pisicuțele sunt adorabile, atunci când veți vedea asta, veţi reacţiona aşa. Dar dacă un alt element al acestei concepţii este ideea că leoparzii sunt periculoşi, atunci când vedeți asta, o să reacţionaţi puţin diferit. Așadar, e destul de evident Hungarian: (Videó) Elora Hardy: Ez itt nő körülöttünk, erős, elegáns, és ellenáll a földrengésnek. CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- az ember több, mint önálló egyén. (Videó) Chimamanda Adichie: Az egyszerű történet sztereotípiát teremt, amivel nem az a baj, hogy nem igaz, hanem hogy hiányos. CA: Az agyunkban hemzsegnek a gondolatok, és nem csak úgy összevissza. Egymással szépen összekapcsolódva. Együttesen egy elképesztően összetett rendszert alkotnak: a személyes világnézetünket. Ez az agyunk operációs rendszere. Ez segít eligazodnunk a világban. Milliónyi egyedi gondolatból épül fel. Ha mondjuk világnézetünk egy kis darabja az, hogy a macskák imádni valók, akkor ez a látvány ezt váltja ki belőlünk. De ha a másik ilyen kis darab az, hogy a leopárdok veszélyesek, akkor ennek láttán kicsit máshogy viselkedünk. Elég nyilvánvaló tehát, Lithuanian: (Video.) Elora Hardy: Jie auga visur aplink mus, jie stiprūs, elegantiški, atsparūs žemės drebėjimams. CA: Chimamanda Adichie – Žmonės turi daugiau nei vieną tapatybę. (Video.) Chimamanda Adichie: Vienas pasakojimas kuria stereotipus ir stereotipų bėda ne tai, kad jie netiesa, bet kad jie ne viską pasako. CA: Jūsų protas susidraugauja su idėjomis ir visai ne atsitiktinai. Jos kruopščiai susietos kartu. Tarpusavyje jos sukuria neįtikėtinai sudėtingą struktūrą, ir tai yra jūsų asmeninė pasaulėžiūra. Tai jūsų smegenų operacinė sistema. Tai yra tai, kaip jūs nepasimetate pasaulyje. Ir toji tapatybė sudaryta iš milijonų atskirų idėjų. Taigi, jei viena tų mažyčių jūsų pasaulėžiūros dalelių yra tai, kad kačiukai yra mieli, tada pamatę tai reaguosite šitaip. Bet jei kita jūsų pasauležiūros dalelė yra kad leopardai yra pavojingi, pamatę tai reaguosite kiek kitaip. Taigi, gana akivaizdu, Croatian: (Video) Elora Hardy: Raste posvuda oko nas, snažan je, elegantan, otporan na potrese. CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- ljudi su više od jednog identiteta. (Video) Chimamanda Adichie: Jedna priča stvara stereotipe, i problem sa stereotipima nije da nisu istiniti, nego da su nepotpuni. CA: Vaš um prepun je ideja, i ne samo nasumičnih. Pažljivo su povezane. Zajedno tvore nevjerojatno složenu strukturu koja je vaš osobni pogled na svijet. To je operativni sustav vašeg mozga. Tako se krećete kroz svijet. I izgrađen je od milijuna individualnih ideja. Na primjer, ako jedna komponenta vašeg pogleda na svijet jest ta da su mačići dražesni, onda ćete kada vidite ovo, reagirati ovako. Ali ako je druga komponenta vašeg pogleda na svijet ideja da su leopardi opasni, kada vidite ovo, reagirat ćete malo drugačije. Dakle, poprilično je očito Spanish: (Video) Elora Hardy: Está creciendo a nuestro alrededor, es fuerte, es elegante, resiste a los terremotos. CA: Chimamanda Adichie dijo que la gente es más que una simple identidad. (Video) Chimamanda Adichie: Una única historia engendra estereotipos y el problema con los estereotipos no es que no sean ciertos, sino que están incompletos. CA: La mente está repleta de ideas y no solo al azar. Están cuidadosamente unidas entre sí. Juntas, forman una estructura increíblemente compleja que es la visión personal del mundo. Es el sistema operativo del cerebro. Es cómo navegamos el mundo. Y está constituido por millones de ideas individuales. Por ejemplo, si un pequeño elemento de su visión personal del mundo es la idea de que los gatitos son adorables, cuando vean esto, reaccionarán así. Pero si otro componente de su visión personal del mundo es que los leopardos son peligrosos, cuando vean esto, reaccionarán de manera un poco diferente. Por eso es bastante obvio Persian: (ویدیو) الورا هاردی: در همه جا در اطراف ما رشد می‌کند٬ قدرتمند است٬ زیبا است٬ در برابر زلزله مقاوم است. ک اِی: چیماماندا آدیچی -- مردم بیش از یک هویت تنها هستند. (ویدیو) چیماماندا آچیچی: یک داستان به تنهایی یک کلیشه را به وجود می‌آورد٬ و مشکل کلیشه‌ها این نیست که غیر واقعی هستند، بلکه این است که آنها کامل نیستند. ک اِی: ذهن شما آبستن ایده‌ها است٬ و نه فقط به شکل تصادفی. آنها با دقت به هم مرتبط شده‌اند. با همدیگر آنها یک ساختار پیچیده و جذاب را می‌سازند که جهان بینی شخصی شما را شکل می‌دهد. این سیستم عامل مغز شما است. شما این طوری دنیا را هدایت می‌کنید. و این از میلیون‌ها ایده‌ی مجزا تشکیل شده است. خوب٬ برای مثال٬ اگر یک جزء کوچک از جهان بینی شما این ایده باشد که گربه‌ها ملوس هستند٬ پس وقتی این را ببینید٬ این طور واکنش نشان می‌دهید. اما اگر جزء دیگری از جهان بینی شما این ایده باشد که پلنگ‌ها خطرناک هستند٬ پس وقتی این را ببینید٬ کمی متفاوت واکنش نشان خواهید داد. پس کاملا واضح است Kazakh: (Бейне) Элора Харди: Бұл айналамызда өсуде, мықты, әдемі және сейсмикалық төзімді. ЧА: Чимаманда Адичи - адамдар сәйкестіктен де артық. (Бейне) Чимаманда Адичи: Жалғыз уақиға стереотиптерді жасайды, және стереотиптер мәселесі шындыққа жанаспауымен қатар, бұл мәселе толықтай ашылмайды. KА: Миыңыз толықтай идеяға толды және бұл кездейсоқ емес. Олар ұқыпты байланысқан. Олар біріге отырып таңғажайып күрделі құрылымды құрайды бұл - жеке дүниетанымыңыз. Бұл - миыңыздың операциялық жүйесі. Бұл әлемді қалай бағдарлауыңыз . Әрі бұл миллиондаған жеке идеялардан құралған. Сонымен, мысалы, дүниетанымыңыздың бір кіші бөлігі ретінде, мысықтар сүйкімді деген идеяны алайық, енді осы мысықтарды көрген кезде, ойлағаныңыздай әсер аласыз. Бірақ, дүниетанымыңыздың өзге бір бөлігінде барыс қауіпті деген ойдасыз, осы жануарды көргенде, әсеріңіз аздап өзгеше болмақ. Сонымен, бұл өте айқын Bulgarian: (Видео) Елора Харди: "Той расте навсякъде около нас, здрав е, елегантен е, издръжлив е при земетресения." КА: Чимаманда Адичи - хората са повече от една самоличност. (Видео) Чимаманда Адичи: "Единичната история създава стереотипи, а проблемът със стереотипите не е, че не са верни, а че са непълни." КА: Умът ви прелива от идеи и не просто от случайни идеи. Те са внимателно обвързани помежду си. Взети заедно те формират удивително комплексна структура, която представлява вашия светоглед. Тя е операционната система на мозъка ви. Тя определя как се ориентирате в света. И е построена от милиони отделни идеи. И така например, ако една малка съставна част на светогледа ви е идеята, че котенцата са очарователни, тогава видите ли това, ще реагирате така. Но ако друга част от светогледа ви е идеята, че леопардите са опасни, тогава видите ли това, ще реагирате по малко по-различен начин. Така че е доста очевидно Japanese: (エローラ・ハーディー) 竹はそこらじゅうに生えていて 強度があり 優雅で 地震にも耐えます (クリス) チママンダ・アディーチェ “人は単一の概念でくくれるものではない” (チママンダ・アディーチェ) 単一の話は 固定観念を作り出します 固定観念に問題があるのは 間違っているからではなく 不完全だからです (クリス) 頭の中は アイデアで満ちていますが ランダムに 入っているのではなく 巧妙に繋がり合っていて 全体として驚くほど 複雑な構造を形成し それが その人の 世界観となります いわば脳のオペレーティング システムです それで世の中を 舵取りしていくのです 世界観というのは何百万という 個々のアイデアから形成されています そのため 例えば世界観の 小さな要素の１つに 「子猫は可愛い」という アイデアがあったとすると これを見たとき こんな風に反応するでしょう でも世界観の別の要素に 「ヒョウは危険だ」という アイデアがあったなら これを見たとき 反応は少し違ったものに なるでしょう German: (Video) Elora Hardy: Er wächst überall um uns herum, er ist stark, elegant und erdbebensicher. CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- Menschen haben mehr als eine einzige Identität. (Video) Chimamanda Adichie: Die einzige Geschichte formt Klischees. Das Problem mit Klischees ist nicht, dass sie unwahr sind, sondern dass sie unvollständig sind. CA: Die Gedanken wimmeln voller Ideen, aber nicht wahllos. Sie sind sorgsam miteinander verbunden. Gemeinsam bilden sie eine erstaunlich komplexe Struktur: die persönliche Weltanschauung. Es ist das Betriebssystem des Gehirns. Hiermit findet man sich in der Welt zurecht. Es besteht aus Millionen einzelner Ideen. Wenn etwa ein kleiner Bestandteil der eigenen Weltsicht ist, dass Kätzchen liebenswert sind, wird man so reagieren, wenn man dies hier sieht. Ist ein anderer Teil der eigenen Weltsicht, dass Leoparden gefährlich sind, dann reagiert man etwas anders, wenn man das sieht. Daher liegt es auf der Hand, Italian: (Video) Elora Hardy: Cresce tutto intorno a noi, è resistente, è elegante, resiste ai terremoti. CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- le persone sono più di una singola identità. (Video) Chimamanda Adichie: La singola storia crea stereotipi, e il problema con gli stereotipi non è che non sono veri, ma che sono incompleti. CA: La vostra mente va a braccetto con le vostre idee, e non solo casualmente. Sono attentamente legate tra di loro. Collettivamente formano una struttura straordinariamente complessa che è la vostra visione personale del mondo. È il sistema operativo del vostro cervello. È come navigate il mondo. È fatto di milioni di idee singole. Per esempio, se un piccolo componente della vostra visione del mondo è l'idea che i gattini sono adorabili, quando vedete questo, reagite così. Ma se un altro componente della vostra visione è l'idea che i leopardi sono pericolosi, quando vedete questo, reagite un po' diversamente. Quindi è ovvio Serbian: (Video) Elora Hardi: On raste svuda oko nas, čvrst je, elegantan, otporan na zemljotres. KA: Čimamanda Adiči - ljudi su više od samo jednog identiteta. (Video) Čimamanda Adiči: Pojedinačna priča stvara stereotipe, a problem sa stereotipima nije u tome što su neistiniti, nego što su nepotpuni. KA: Vaš um vrvi od ideja, ali ne nasumično. One su pažljivo međusobno povezane. Zajedno, formiraju neverovatno složenu strukturu koja čini vaš lični pogled na svet. To je operativni sistem vašeg mozga, način na koji upravljate svetom, i sagrađen je od miliona individualnih ideja. Na primer, ako je jedan delić vašeg pogleda na svet ideja da su mačići neodoljivi, onda ćete na ovo reagovati ovako. Međutim, ako je neki drugi deo vašeg pogleda na svet ideja da su leopardi opasni, onda ćete kad vidite ovo, reagovati malo drugačije. Dakle, prilično je očigledno Chinese: （视频）伊劳拉·哈迪： 竹子随处可见， 很牢固，很优雅，可以抵御地震。 奇麻曼达·阿迪契—— 人类并不只有单一属性。 （视频）奇麻曼达·阿迪契： 单一的故事会导致片面， 片面的问题并不在于它不正确， 而在于它不完整。 你的大脑里充满了各种想法， 它们并不是随机的， 而是相互联系的。 它们汇集成神奇而复杂的体系， 形成你的世界观。 是你大脑的操作系统。 也是你探索世界的方式。 是数百万个想法的大集合。 比如说，你世界观中的一小部分 告诉你小猫很可爱， 那么当你看到小猫时， 你就会抚摸它。 而另一部分告诉你 美洲豹很危险， 那么当你看见它时， 你可能会撒腿就跑。 所以显而易见， Portuguese: (Video) O bambu está a crescer à nossa volta, é forte, é elegante, é resistente a tremores de terra. CA: Chimamanda Adichie — as pessoas são mais do que uma única identidade. (Video) A história única cria estereótipos, e o problema com os estereótipos não é que sejam falsos, mas que são incompletos. CA: A vossa mente está repleta de ideias, e não apenas ao acaso. Elas estão cuidadosamente ligadas. Coletivamente, formam uma estrutura incrivelmente complexa que é a vossa visão pessoal do mundo. É o sistema operativo do vosso cérebro. É como navegam pelo mundo. É construída a partir de milhões de ideias individuais. Por exemplo, se uma pequena componente da vossa visão do mundo é a ideia de que os gatinhos são adoráveis, então quando virem isto, vão reagir desta forma. Mas se outra componente da vossa visão do mundo for a ideia de que os leopardos são perigosos, então quando virem isto, vão reagir de forma um pouco diferente. Portanto, é bastante óbvio Dutch: (Video) Elora Hardy: Het groeit overal om ons heen, het is sterk, elegant, bestand tegen aardbevingen. CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- mensen zijn meer dan één enkele identiteit. (Video) Chimamanda Adichie: Het enkelvoudige verhaal stereotypeert en het probleem met stereotypen is niet dat ze onwaar zijn, maar dat ze onvolledig zijn. CA: Je brein wemelt van de ideeën, en niet zomaar lukraak. Ze zijn zorgvuldig met elkaar verbonden. Samen vormen ze een verbazingwekkend complexe structuur die jouw wereldbeeld uitmaakt. Jouw besturingssysteem. Jouw wereldnavigatiesysteem. Het bestaat uit miljoenen individuele ideeën. Als bijvoorbeeld één onderdeeltje van je wereldbeeld het idee is dat katjes schattig zijn, dan zal je, als je dit ziet, zo reageren. Maar is een ander onderdeel van jouw wereldbeeld het idee dat luipaarden gevaarlijk zijn, dan zal je als je dit ziet, lichtjes anders reageren. Het is dus nogal duidelijk Galician: (Vídeo) Elora Hardy: Medra ao redor de nós, é forte, é elegante, resiste os terremotos. CA: Chimamanda Adichie -A xente é máis que unha simple identidade. Vídeo) Chimamanda Adichie: A simple historia crea estereotipos, e o problema cos estereotipos non é que sexan falsos, é que son incompletos. CA: A vosa mente reborda ideas, e non o fai aleatoriamente. Están coidadosamente conectadas. Colectivamente, forman unha incrible estrutura complexa que é a vosa persoal visión do mundo. É o sistema operativo do voso cerebro. É como navegades polo mundo. E componse de millóns de ideas individuais. Se, por exemplo, un pequeno compoñente da vosa visión do mundo é a idea de que os gatiños son adorables, entón, ao verdes isto, reaccionaredes así. Pero se outro compoñente da vosa visión do mundo é a idea de que os leopardos son perigosos, entón, ao verdes isto, reaccionaredes de forma un pouco distinta. Así que é bastante obvio English: (Video) Elora Hardy: It is growing all around us, it's strong, it's elegant, it's earthquake-resistant. CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- people are more than a single identity. (Video) Chimamanda Adichie: The single story creates stereotypes, and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete. CA: Your mind is teeming with ideas, and not just randomly. They're carefully linked together. Collectively they form an amazingly complex structure that is your personal worldview. It's your brain's operating system. It's how you navigate the world. And it is built up out of millions of individual ideas. So, for example, if one little component of your worldview is the idea that kittens are adorable, then when you see this, you'll react like this. But if another component of your worldview is the idea that leopards are dangerous, then when you see this, you'll react a little bit differently. So, it's pretty obvious Catalan: Elora Hardy: Creix al nostre voltant, és fort, és elegant, és resistent els terratrèmols. Chimamanda Adichie: La gent és més que una simple identitat. Chimamanda Adichie: Es creen estereotips, i el problema no és que no siguen certs, sinó que són incomplets. La teva ment està plena d'idees, i no hi són desordenades. Estan cuidadosament unides entre elles. En conjunt formen una estructura sorprenentment complexa que és la teva visió del món personal. És el sistema operatiu del teu cervell. És com navegues pel món. I feta de milions d'idees individuals. Per exemple, si un petit component de la teva visió del món és la idea de què els gats són adorables, aleshores quan vegis això reaccionaràs així. Però un altre component de la teua visió és la idea de què els lleopards són perillosos, i quan vegis això, reaccionaràs una mica diferent. Per tant, és evident Vietnamese: (Video) Elora Hardy: Tre mọc quanh ta, tre mạnh mẽ, tre tao nhã, tre vững vàng trước động đất. CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- một người không chỉ có một "nhãn mác". (Video) Chimamanda Adichie: Câu chuyện nhỏ tạo nên định kiến và vấn đề là không phải định kiến không chính xác, mà là chúng chưa hoàn chỉnh. CA: Não bộ bạn ngập tràn ý tưởng, và không chỉ ngẫu nhiên. Chúng liên kết với nhau chặt chẽ. Chúng chọn lọc và taọ nên một phức hợp kỳ diệu là thế giới quan cá nhân của bạn. Là hệ thống hoạt động của não bộ bạn. Là cách bạn định hình thế giới. Và chúng được hình thành từ hàng triệu các ý tưởng đơn lẻ Ví dụ, nếu một thành phần nhỏ trong thế giới quan của bạn nghĩ rằng mèo con thật đáng yêu, thì khi bạn nhìn thấy bức hình này, bạn sẽ phản ứng như thế này. Nhưng nếu một phần khác lại nghĩ loài báo rất nguy hiểm, rồi nhìn bức ảnh này, bạn sẽ phản ứng hơi khác một chút. Vì vậy, lý do Ukrainian: (Відео) Елора Гарді: Він росте навколо нас, він сильний, елегантний, стійкий до землетрусів. К.А.: Чіаманда Адічі -- люди це більш ніж просто особи. (Відео) Чаманда Адічі: Одна історія створює стереотипи, а проблема зі стереотипами не в тому, що вони несправжні, а в тому, що вони незавершені. К.А.: Ваш розум кипить ідеями, і не просто якими-небудь. Вони тісно пов'язані одна з одною. Разом вони формують дивовижно складну структуру - ваш особистий кругозір. Це операційна система мозку. Як ви орієнтуєтесь у цьому світі. І він створений із мільйона індивідуальних ідей. Наприклад, якщо один маленький компонент вашого кругозору - це думка про те, що кошенята чарівні, то коли ви бачите це, ви реагуєте так. Та якщо інший компонент вашого кругозору - це думка про те, що леопарди небезпечні, то коли ви бачите це, то реагуєте трохи по-іншому. Очевидно, Marathi: (दृश्य)एलोरा हार्डी: सर्वत्र या वस्तू आहेत. या वस्तू मजबूत व आकर्षक असत्तात तसेच भूकंप रोधक असतात CA: लोकांची ओळख बहुविध असते. (दृश्य )एकच गोष्ट तोचतोचपणा निर्माण करते त्य्खाही खोट्या असतात असे नाही. त्या अपूर्ण असतात. CA: तुमच्या मनात कल्पनांचे काहूर आहे त्या काही अचानक येत नाहीत. त्या एकमेकांशी व्यवस्थित जोडलेल्या असतात. त्यांच्या एकत्र येण्याने एक आश्चर्यकारक रचना निर्माण होते. तो तुमचा जगाकडे पाहण्याचा दृष्टीकोन ठरवितो ती असते तुमच्या मेंदूची कार्य प्रणाली (ओ.एस.) ती तुम्हाला जगाचे ज्ञान करून देते. लक्षावधी कल्पनांनी त्या बनतात. उदा. तुमची कल्पना आहे मांजरीची पिल्ली मोहक असत्तात. आणि जेव्हा तुम्ही त्यांना पहाता , तुमची अशी प्रतिक्रिया असते. पण त्याच बरोबर तुमची अशी धारणा असेल चित्ता धोक्र्दायक असतो , तर तुम्हाला आढळेल , तुमची प्रतिक्रिया भिन्न झालेली. हे निश्चित French: (Vidéo ) Elora Hardy : Il pousse tout autour de nous. Il est fort, il est élégant, ils résiste aux séismes. CA : Chimamanda Adichie - les gens n'ont pas qu'une identité. (Vidéo) Chimamanda Adichie: L'histoire crée des stéréotypes et le problème avec les stéréotypes n'est pas qu'ils sont faux mais qu'ils sont incomplets. CA : Votre esprit regorge d'idées et pas de manière aléatoire. Elles sont vraiment liées entre elles. Collectivement, elles forment une structure complexe incroyable qui est votre vision du monde. Voilà comment fonctionne votre cerveau. C'est ainsi que vous comprenez le monde. Il se compose de millions d'idées différentes. Si par exemple un élément de votre vision du monde est l'idée que les chatons sont adorables, alors quand vous verrez cela, vous réagirez comme ça. Mais si un autre élément de votre vision du monde est l'idée que les léopards sont dangereux, alors quand vous voyez cela, vous réagissez un peu différemment. On comprend mieux alors Polish: (Film) Elora Hardy: Bambus rośnie wokół nas, silny, elegancki, odporny na trzęsienia ziemi. CA: Chimamanda Adichie. Ludzie to coś więcej niż indywidualna tożsamość. (Film) Chimamanda Adichie: Pojedyncza opowieść tworzy stereotypy, a problem ze stereotypami nie polega na tym, że są nieprawdziwe, lecz że są niekompletne. CA: Idee nie wypełniają umysłu w sposób przypadkowy. Misternie łącząc się ze sobą, tworzą zdumiewająco złożoną konstrukcję, nasz osobisty światopogląd. To system operacyjny mózgu, który wskazuje drogę w świecie. System tworzą miliony pojedynczych idei. Jeśli cząstką składową światopoglądu jest idea, że kociaki są rozkoszne, widząc coś takiego, reagujesz w ten sposób. Lecz jeśli innym elementem światopoglądu jest idea, że lamparty są niebezpieczne, wtedy widząc to, zareagujesz trochę inaczej. Dlatego oczywiste jest, Burmese: (ဗီဒီယို) Elora Hardy: ဒါက ကိုယ့်ဝန်းကျင်မှာ ပေါက်နေတာပါ။ ခိုင်တယ်၊ ကြော့မော့တယ်၊ ငလျင်ဒဏ် ခံနိုင်တယ်။ CA: Chimamanda Adichie.. လူတွေဟာ တစ်ခု တည်းသော ကိုယ်ပိုင်လက္ခဏာထက် ပိုတယ်။ (ဗီဒီယို)Chimamanda Adichie: တစ်ခု တည်းသောပုံပြင်က သမားရိုကျပုံစံ တွေကို ဖန်တီးပြီး သမားရိုးကျပုံစံတွေနဲ့ ပြဿနာက ၎င်းတို့ဟာ မမှန်ကန်တာ မဟုတ်ပဲ မပြည့်စုံတာပါ။ CA: သင့်စိတ်ဟာ စိတ်ကူးတွေနဲ့ ပြွတ်ခဲနေပြီး ကြုံသလိုချည်းပဲ မဟုတ်ဘူး။ သေသေချာချာကို အတူတကွ ချိတ်ဆက်နေတာပါ။ စုပေါင်းအနေနဲ့ ဒါတွေဟာ သင့်ရဲ့ ကမ္ဘာ့အမြင်ဖြစ်တဲ့ အံ့ဩစရာ ရှုပ်ထွေးတဲ့ အဆောက်အအုံတစ်ခုပါ။ သင့်ဦးနှောက်ရဲ့ လုပ်ဆောင်ပုံ စနစ်ပါ၊ ကမ္ဘာကြီးကို သင်လမ်းကြောင်းရှာပုံပါ။ သန်းချီတဲ့ သီးသန့် စိတ်ကူးတွေကနေ တည်ဆောက်ထားတာပါ။ ဒီတော့ ဥပမာအနေနဲ့ သင့်ရဲ့ ကမ္ဘာ့အမြင်ရဲ့ သေးငယ်တဲ့ အစိတ်အပိုင်းက ကြောင်ပေါက်စလေးတွေဟာ ချစ်ချင်စရာဆိုတဲ့ ​စိတ်ကူးဆိုရင် သင်ဒါကို တွေ့တဲ့အခါ ဒီလို တုံ့ပြန်ပါလိမ့်မယ်။ ဒါပေမဲ့ သင့်ကမ္ဘာ့အမြင် နောက်အစိတ်အပိုင်းက ကျားသစ်တွေဟာ အန္တရာယ် ရှိတယ်လို့ စိတ်ကူးဆိုရင် ဒါကို မြင်တဲ့အခါ နည်းနည်း ကွဲပြားပြီး သင် တုံ့ပြန်မှာပါ။ ဒီတော့ တော်တော် ရှင်းတာက Swedish: (Video) Elora Hardy: Det växer överallt omkring oss, den är stark, den är elegant, den är jordbävningssäker. CA: Chimamanda Adichie - människor är mer än bara en enda identitet. (Video) Chimamanda Adichie: En enda historia skapar stereotyper och problemet med stereotyper är inte att de är osanna, utan att de inte är kompletta. CA: Ditt medvetande är fullt av idéer, och inte bara slumpmässigt. De är varsamt sammanlänkande. Tillsammans utgör de en förbluffande komplex struktur som är din personliga världsbild. Det är din hjärnas operativsystem. Det är hur du navigerar i världen. Och den är uppbyggd av miljoner av individuella idéer. Så, till exempel, om en liten komponent av din världsbild är idén att kattungar är bedårande, så kommer du när du ser det här, att reagera såhär. Men om en annan kompent av din världsbild är idén att leoparder är farliga, så kommer du när du ser det här, att reagera lite annorlunda. Så, det är ganska uppenbart Chinese: （影片）哈蒂：它就生長於我們的周遭， 它很堅韌、優雅，而且抗震。 安德森：琪瑪曼達．阿蒂奇說 世上所有人不僅有單一個身分。 （影片）阿蒂奇：單一故事產生刻板印象， 刻板印象的問題並非它們不正確， 而是它們有失周全。 安德森：你的內心充滿諸多理念， 而且並非只是隨機獨立， 而是細膩地連結在一起， 集結起來組成出奇複雜的結構， 那就是你個人的世界觀， 是你大腦的作業系統， 是你在這個世界找到方向的方式， 它是由上百萬個 不相干的理念所打造出來的。 舉例來說，你的世界觀要是有一小部份 覺得貓咪很可愛， 那麼當你看到這個畫面， 你將會做這樣的反應。 但是如果你的世界觀 另一個部份認為 獵豹很危險， 那你看到這畫面的時候， 你的反應就會稍有不同了。 因此很明顯的， iw: (סרטון) אילורה הארדי: זה גדל בכל מקום, זהו חומר חזק, אלגנטי, עמיד ברעידות אדמה. כ"א: כיממאנדה אדיצ'י, לאנשים יש יותר מזהות אחת. (סרטון) כיממאנדה אדיצ'י: הסיפור היחיד קובע סטריאוטיפים, והבעיה עם סטריאוטיפים איננה שהם שקריים, אלא שהם לוקים בחסר. כ"א: המוח שלכם שוקק רעיונות, ולא רעיונות אקראיים; יש ביניהם זיקה מוקפדת. ביחד, הם יוצרים מבנה מורכב להפליא - הלא הוא השקפת עולמכם הייחודית. זאת מערכת ההפעלה של מוחכם. זאת דרככם להתמצא בעולם. והיא מורכבת ממיליוני רעיונות שונים. למשל, אם מרכיב קטנטן כלשהו בהשקפת עולמכם הוא הרעיון שחתלתולים הם חמודים, אז כשאתם צופים בזה, תגיבו ככה. אבל אם מרכיב אחר בהשקפת עולמכם הוא הרעיון שנמרים הן מסוכנים, הרי שכאשר תצפו בזה, תגיבו קצת אחרת. ברור, אם כן, Catalan: que les idees que formen la teva visió del món són crucials. Necessites que siguen tan fiables com sigui possible, una guia per al terrorífic però meravellós món real que hi ha fora. Ara bé, les visions del món de persones diferents poden divergir dramàticament. Per exemple, com reacciones quan veus aquesta imatge? Dalia Mogahed: Què penseu quan em veieu? "Una dona de fe", "una experta", o fins i tot "una germana"? O "oprimida", "amb el cervell rentat", "una terrorista"? Chris Anderson: No importa la resposta, hi ha milions de persones que reaccionarien de formes diferents. És per això que les idees importen. Si es comuniquen adequadament, poden canviar, per sempre, com veu el món una persona, i determinen les seves accions presents i futures. Les idees són la força més poderosa que dóna forma a la cultura humana. Així que si acceptes que la teva tasca principal és construir una idea Lithuanian: kodėl idėjos, sudarančios jūsų pasaulėžiūrą, yra tokios svarbios. Jums reikia, kad jos būtų kuo patikimesnės – kaip kelrodis tame baisiame, bet kartu ir puikiame pasaulyje. Aišku, skirtingų žmonių pasaulėžiūros gali labai stipriai skirtis. Tarkim, kaip jūsų pasaulio suvokimas reaguoja pamačius šį vaizdą: (Video.) Dalia Mogahed: Ką galvojate, žiūrėdami į mane? „Tikinčioji“, „ekspertė“, gal net „sesuo“? Ar „gyvenanti priespaudoje“, „ta, kuriai perplautos smegenys“, „teroristė“? CA: Kad ir ką atsakote, yra milijonai žmonių, kurie reaguotų labai skirtingai. Todėl idėjos tikrai svarbu. Jei jos gerai perteiktos, jos gali amžinai pakeisti, kaip kas nors suvokia pasaulį, ir daryti įtaką veiksmams dabar ir tolimoje ateityje. Idėjos yra stipriausia jėga, formuojanti žmonių kultūrą. Tad jeigu sutinkate, kad svarbiausia jums kaip kalbėtojui yra sudėlioti idėją Spanish: por qué las ideas que forman su visión personal del mundo son algo crucial y por qué quieren que sean lo más confiables posible, cómo una guía hacia el mundo real que es maravilloso pero también espantoso. Las visiones personales de dos personas pueden ser drásticamente diferentes. Por ejemplo, ¿Cómo reacciona su visión del mundo al ver esta imagen? (Video) Dalia Mogahed: ¿Qué piensan cuando me miran? ¿"Una mujer de fe", "una experta", quizá incluso "una hermana"? ¿O "una terrorista oprimida, con cerebro lavado"? CA: Sea cual fuere la respuesta, hay millones de personas que reaccionarían de formas muy diferentes. Por eso las ideas son tan importantes. Si son comunicadas correctamente, pueden cambiar, para siempre, la forma de alguien de pensar el mundo y dar forma a sus acciones actuales y futuras. Las ideas son la fuerza más poderosa para modelar la cultura humana. Si uno acepta que la tarea más importante como orador Arabic: لماذا أن أفكارك التي تكون نظرتك للعالم هي أساسية. أنت بحاجة لتكون الأفكار يمكن الإعتماد عليها قدر الإمكان، كدليل للعالم المخيف ولكن الجميل أيضا الذي يحيط بنا. نظرة الناس المختلفين للعالم يمكن أن تكون مختلفة بشكل كبير. على سبيل المثال، كيف تؤثر رؤيتك للعالم عليك حين ترى هذه الصورة: داليا مجاهد: ماذا يخطر ببالك عندما تنظر إلي؟ إمرأة متدينة؟ مختصة بشأن ما؟ لربما أخت؟ أو مضطهدة، أو تم غسل دماغي أو إرهابية؟ مهما كانت إجابتك، فيوجد الملايين حول العالم ممن يخالفونك الرأي. لهذا السبب الأفكار مهمة تلك الأفكار قادرة تغير الإنسان بصورة دائمة إن تم نقلها بصورة صحيحة. و تغير طريقة رؤيته للعالم، وطريقة تصرفه سواء الآن أو في المستقبل. الأفكار هي القوة الأكثر تأثيراً على تشكيل ثقافة الإنسان. لذلك إذا قبلت أن مهمتك الأولى كمتحدث هي أن تبني فكرة ما Ukrainian: чому ідеї, які формують ваш кругозір, є вирішальними. Вам потрібно, щоб вони були якомога надійнішими -- вашим провідником у страшному та чудовому світі назовні. У різних людей кругозір може бути кардинально різним. Наприклад, як ваш кругозір реагує, коли ви бачите це зображення: (Відео) Даліла Моґагед: Про що ви думаєте, коли бачите мене? "Віруюча", "експерт" чи, можливо, "сестра"? Чи "пригноблена", "з промитими мізками", "терористка"? К.А.: Щоб ви не відповіли, мільйони людей у світі відреагують цілком по-різному. Саме тому ідеї дійсно мають значення. Якщо вони правильно передані, то здатні назавжди змінити те, як кожен уявляє собі світ, формуючи вчинки людей тепер і у майбутньому. Ідеї - це наймогутніша сила, яка формує людську культуру. Отож, якщо ви погоджуєтесь, що ваше завдання номер один як промовця - сформувати ідею Portuguese: por que as ideias que constroem sua visão de mundo são cruciais. Você precisa que elas sejam um guia o mais confiável possível, para o mundo assustador, mas maravilhoso que está aí. As visões de mundo de diferentes pessoas podem ser drasticamente diferentes. Por exemplo, como sua visão de mundo reage quando você vê isso? (Vídeo) Dalia Mogahed: "O que vocês pensam ao olharem pra mim? Uma 'mulher religiosa'? Uma 'especialista'? Quem sabe até uma 'irmã'? Ou 'oprimida', alguém que 'sofreu lavagem cerebral', 'terrorista'?" CA: Seja qual for sua resposta, há milhões de pessoas por aí que reagiriam de forma bem diferente. Por isso, ideias são realmente importantes. Se comunicadas adequadamente, elas podem mudar para sempre a forma como uma pessoa vê o mundo e moldar suas ações agora e no futuro. As ideias são a força mais poderosa capaz de moldar a cultura humana. Se você aceitar que sua principal tarefa como palestrante é fazer brotar uma ideia Portuguese: porque é que as ideias que compõem a vossa visão do mundo são cruciais. Vocês precisam que elas sejam o mais fiáveis possível — um guia para o assustador mas maravilhoso mundo real lá fora. As visões do mundo de pessoas diferentes, podem ser drasticamente diferentes. Por exemplo, como é que a vossa visão do mundo reage quando veem esta imagem? (Vídeo) Dalia Mogahed: O que pensam quando olham para mim? "Uma mulher de fé," "uma perita", talvez até "uma irmã"? Ou "oprimida", "vítima de lavagem ao cérebro" "uma terrorista"? CA: Seja qual for a vossa resposta, há milhões de pessoas que reagiriam de forma muito diferente. Por isso é que as ideias são importantes. Quando comunicadas devidamente, são capazes de mudar, para sempre, a forma como alguém pensa sobre o mundo, e modelar as suas ações tanto agora como no futuro. As ideias são a força mais poderosa para modelar a cultura humana. Assim, se aceitarem que a vossa primeira tarefa enquanto oradores, German: warum Vorstellungen, die die eigene Weltsicht formen, so wichtig sind. Sie sollten so verlässlich wie möglich sein -- ein Leitfaden für die beängstigende, aber schöne Welt da draußen. Die Weltsicht verschiedener Leute kann sich stark unterscheiden. Zum Beispiel, wie reagiert Ihre Weltsicht, wenn Sie dieses Bild sehen? (Video) Dalia Mogahed: Was denken Sie, wenn Sie mich ansehen? "Eine gläubige Frau", "eine Expertin" vielleicht sogar "eine Schwester"? Oder "unterdrückt", "einer Gehirnwäsche unterzogen", "eine Terroristin"? CA: Egal, wie Ihre Antwort lautet, es gibt Millionen von Menschen, die anders reagieren würden. Darum sind Ideen so wichtig. Wenn sie richtig kommuniziert werden, sind sie imstande, für immer zu ändern, wie jemand über die Welt denkt, und kann dessen aktuelle und künftige Handlungen formen. Ideen sind die stärkste Macht, um die menschliche Kultur zu formen. Akzeptiert man daher, dass die wichtigste Aufgabe eines Redners darin besteht, Korean: 아이디어들이 중요한 이유는 자명합니다. 아이디어들은 최대한 신뢰할 수 있을 만해야 합니다. 무섭지만 경이로운 현실 세계의 지침서이기 때문이죠. 사람들의 세계관은 완전히 다를 수도 있습니다. 예를 들어, 이 사진을 보면 여러분의 세계관은 어떻게 반응하나요? 달리아 모가헤드: 저를 보면 무슨 생각이 드세요? "종교를 가진 여성" "전문가" 아니면 "언니"? 아니면 "억압받는", "세뇌당한" "테러리스트"? 크리스 앤더슨: 답이 뭐든지간에 수백만 명의 사람들이 완전히 다르게 반응할 겁니다. 그래서 아이디어가 중요한 겁니다. 제대로 소통이 이루어지면 세상에 대한 생각을 영원히 바꾸어놓을 수도 있고 현재와 미래의 행동 방식을 결정지을 수도 있습니다. 아이디어는 인간 문화의 모습을 빚는 가장 강력한 힘을 갖고 있습니다. 그러니까 가장 중요한 일이 청중들 머릿속에 아이디어를 구축하는 것이라는 사실에 Chinese: 这些想法对于塑造你的 世界观至关重要。 它们就像一名值得信赖的向导， 帮你应对这个美妙却又危险的世界。 不同人的世界观截然不同。 举个例子， 你对下面的视频会有什么反应？ （视频）达利亚·莫佳德： 你看到我的时候你在想什么？ “有信仰的女人”，“专家” 甚至是“姐姐”？ 或者“受压迫的”，“被洗脑的” 还是“恐怖分子”？ 无论你的答案是什么， 成千上万的人， 就会有成千上万种答案。 正因为此，想法才非常重要。 通过正确的交流，想法可以永远地 改变一个人的世界观， 影响他们现在和未来的的行为。 想法是塑造人类文化 最强大的力量。 如果你认同， 演讲者最重要的 任务是提出一个想法， Vietnamese: ý tưởng tạo nên thế giới quan của bạn là trọng yếu khá rõ ràng. Chúng khiến bạn trở nên đáng tin hết mức có thể một chỉ dẫn đến thế giới thực đáng sợ nhưng tươi đẹp ngoài kia. Những người khác nhau có thế giới quan khác nhau. Ví dụ, Bạn phản ứng thế nào khi nhìn bức hình này: (Video) Dalia Mogahed: Bạn nghĩ gì khi nhìn tôi? "Một phụ nữ trung thực". "chuyên gia" hay thậm chí là "em gái"? hay là "bị áp bức","tẩy não", "một tên khủng bố"? CA: Dù bạn trả lời thế nào, có hàng triệu người ngoài kia sẽ phản ứng rất khác bạn. Đó là lý do ý tưởng quan trọng như vậy. Nếu như được truyền đạt đúng, chúng có khả năng thay đổi, mãi mãi, suy nghĩ của một người về thế giới, và định hình hành động của họ trong hiện tại và cả tương lai. Ý tưởng là nguồn lực mạnh mẽ nhất giúp hình thành văn hóa nhân loại. Nên nếu bạn công nhận rằng nhiệm vụ đầu tiên của diễn giả là xây dựng ý tưởng Galician: que as ideas que forman a vosa visión do mundo son cruciais. Necesitades que sexan o máis fiables que sexa posible, unha guía para o temible pero marabilloso mundo real de aí fóra. Agora ben, as diferentes visións do mundo da xente poden ser moi diferentes. Por exemplo, como reacciona a vosa visión do mundo cando vedes esta imaxe: (Vídeo) Dalia Mogahed: Que pensades cando me vedes? "Unha muller de fe", "unha experta", mesmo ata "unha irmá"? Ou "oprimida", "co cerebro lavado" "unha terrorista"? CA: Sexa cal for a resposta, hai millóns de persoas aí fóra que reaccionarían de forma moi distinta. É por iso que as ideas importan. Se se comunican de forma axeitada, son capaces de cambiar, para sempre, a forma en que alguén ve o mundo e transformar as súas accións tanto agora coma no futuro. As ideas son a forza máis poderosa que conforma a cultura humana. Así que se aceptades que a vosa tarefa principal como relatores é construír unha idea Japanese: だから世界観を構成するアイデアが 重要だというのは 当然のことでしょう それをできる限り 確かなものにする必要があります 恐ろしくも素晴らしい現実世界への 案内役なんですから 別の人たちの世界観は ものすごく違っているかもしれません たとえば あなたの世界観は この写真を見て どう反応するでしょう？ (ダリア・モガヘッド) 私を見て どう思いますか？ 「信仰心の強い女性」「専門家」 それとも「尼僧」でしょうか？ あるいは「抑圧された」「洗脳された」 「テロリスト」でしょうか？ (クリス) あなた自身の答えが 何であれ 何百万という 非常に異なった 反応をする人々がいます アイデアが重要な理由は そこにあります 適切に伝達されたなら アイデアには 人が世界のことをどう思うか 永遠に変える力があり それによって現在と未来の行動を 方向付けることになります アイデアは人間の文化を形作る 最も強い力なんです 講演者の何よりの仕事は Marathi: तुमचा दृष्टीकोन ठरविण्यासाठी कल्पना किती मोलाच्या असतात. त्या शक्यतो विश्वासार्ह व मार्गदर्शक असणे महत्वाचे आहे. दाहक वास्तववादी जगासाठी वेगवेगळ्या लोकांचे वेगवेगळे दृष्टीकोन अगदी नाट्यमयरित्या भिन्न असतात. याचे उदाहरण, तुम्ही ही प्रतिमा पहाता तेव्हा तुमची प्रतिक्रिया कशी असेल? (दृश्य) डालिया मोगाहेद: माझ्याकडे पहाताना काय वाटते तुम्हाला ? "विश्वास ठेवावा अशी स्त्री" "एक तज्ञा" "कदाचित तुमची बहिण" का वाटते ब्रेनवाँँश करणारी "आतंकवादी वाटते ?" CA: तुमचे उत्तर काय आहे ? लाखो लोक भिन्न प्रतिक्रिया देतील. म्हणूनच म्हणतो कल्पनांना महत्व आहे. त्यांचा सुयोग्य प्रसार हा बदल घडवितो. एखादा जगाकडे कसे पहातो. आपल्या कृतीत त्यानुसार कसा बदल घडवितो कल्पना मानवी संस्कृतीला आकार देतात. जर तुम्ही स्वीकारले वक्ता म्हणून तुमचे प्रथम काम आहे कल्पनेची बांधणी करणे. Modern Greek (1453-): γιατί είναι σημαντικές οι ιδέες που φτιάχνουν την κοσμοθεωρία μας. Πρέπει να είναι όσο πιο αξιόπιστες γίνεται -- ένας οδηγός, στον τρομακτικό αλλά υπέροχο πραγματικό κόσμο εκεί έξω. Οι κοσμοθεωρίες των ανθρώπων μπορεί να είναι τελείως διαφορετικές. Για παράδειγμα, πώς αντιδρά η κοσμοθεωρία σας όταν βλέπετε αυτή την εικόνα; (Βίντεο) Ντάλια Μογκαχέντ: Τι σκέφτεστε όταν με κοιτάτε; «Μια γυναίκα της πίστης», «μια ειδικό», ή ίσως και «μια αδελφή»; Ή «καταπιεσμένη», «έχει πάθει πλύση εγκεφάλου», «μια τρομοκράτισσα»; ΚΑ: Ό,τι κι αν απαντήσετε, υπάρχουν εκατομμύρια άνθρωποι που θα αντιδρούσαν πολύ διαφορετικά. Γι' αυτό έχουν σημασία οι ιδέες. Αν επικοινωνηθούν σωστά, είναι ικανές να αλλάξουν για πάντα, το πώς κάποιος σκέπτεται για τον κόσμο, και να διαμορφώσουν τις πράξεις τους τώρα αλλά και στο μέλλον. Οι ιδέες είναι η πιο ισχυρή δύναμη που διαμορφώνει την ανθρώπινη κουλτούρα. Έτσι αν δεχτείτε ότι ο πρωταρχικός σας σκοπός ως ομιλητής είναι να φτιάξετε μια ιδέα Burmese: ဘာလို့ စိတ်ကူးတွေက သင့်ရဲ့ ကမ္ဘာအမြင်ဟာ အရေးပါတယ်ဆိုတာနဲ့ ဖွဲ့စည်းတာပါ။ စိတ်ချလို့ရနိုင်သလောက် ဒါတွေကို လိုပါတယ်၊ လမ်းညွှန်တစ်ခုပေါ့။ လန့်စရာဆိုပေမဲ့ ဆန်းပြားတဲ့ တကယ့် ကမ္ဘာကြီးကိုပေါ့။ ကဲ လူအမျိုးမျိုးရဲ့ ကမ္ဘာ့အမြင်တွေဟာ သိသိသာသာကို ကွဲပြားနိုင်ပါတယ်။ ဥပမာ အနေနဲ့က ဒီရုပ်ပုံကို သင်တွေ့တဲ့အခါ သင့်ရဲ့ ကမ္ဘာ့အမြင်က တုံ့ပြန်ပုံပါ။ (ဗီဒီယို) Dalla Mogahed: ကျွန်မကို ကြည့်တဲ့အခါ ဘာတွေးမိလဲ။ "ယုံကြည်ချက်ရဲ့အမျိုးသမီး" "ကျွမ်းကျင်သူ" "ညီအမတစ်ဦး"တောင် ဖြစ်နိုင်တယ်။ (သို့) "အဖိနှိပ်ခံ" "ဦးနှောက်ဆေးခံရသူ" "အကြမ်းဖက်တစ်ယောက်" လား။ CA: သင့်အဖြေ ဘာပဲဖြစ်ဖြစ် ကွဲပြားစွာ တုံ့ပြန်ကြမယ့်သူတွေ သန်းချီရှိပါတယ်။ ဒါကြောင့် စိတ်ကူးတွေက တကယ် အရေးပါတာပါ။ သင့်တင့်လျောက်ပတ်စွာ ဆက်သွယ်ထားရင် ကမ္ဘာကြီးအကြောင်း လူတစ်ယောက်တွေးပုံကို ထာဝရ ပြောင်းလဲနိုင်စွမ်းရှိပြီး အခုလက်ရှိနဲ့ အနာဂတ်မှာ သူတို့ရဲ့ လုပ်ဆောင် ပုံတွေကို ကောင်းကောင်း ပုံသွင်းနိုင်ပါတယ်။ စိတ်ကူးတွေဟာ လူသားယဉ်ကျေးမှု ပုံသွင်းရာမှာ အစွမ်းထက်ဆုံး အင်အားတွေပါ။ ဒီတော့ ဟောပြောသူတစ်ဦး အနေနဲ့ သင်ရဲ့ နံပါတ်တစ်အလုပ်က ပရိတ်သတ်ရဲ့ စိတ်တွေထဲမှာ iw: מדוע יש חשיבות מכרעת לרעיונות מהם מורכבת השקפת עולמכם. חשוב לכם שהם יהיו אמינים ככל האפשר, שיהיו מורי דרך אל העולם הגשמי, המפחיד אך הנפלא שמסביבכם. השקפותיהם של אנשים עשויות להיות שונות מאד. למשל, איך השקפת עולמכם מגיבה לדימוי הזה? (סרטון) דליה מוגאהד: מה אתם חושבים כשאתם מסתכלים עלי? "אשה דתית"? "מומחית"? אולי אפילו "אחות"? ואולי "מישהי מדוכאת", "שטופת מוח", "מחבלת"? כ"א: תהיה אשר תהיה תשובתכם, יש מיליוני בני-אדם שיגיבו לגמרי אחרת. ולכן הרעיונות באמת חשובים. כשמעבירים אותם נכון, בכוחם לשנות לנצח את האופן בו מישהו חושב על העולם, ולעצב את מעשיו עכשיו וגם בעתיד הרחוק. הרעיון הוא הכוח החזק ביותר בעיצוב התרבות האנושית. אז אם מקובל עליכם שמשימתכם העיקרית כמרצים היא לבנות רעיון Italian: il perché le idee di cui è fatta la vostra visione del mondo sono importanti. Vi servono per essere il più affidabili possibile -- una guida, per lo spaventoso ma bellissimo mondo che c'è lì fuori. La visione del mondo di altre persone potrebbe essere completamente differente. Per esempio, come reagirebbe la vostra visione del mondo quando vedete questa immagine: (Video) Dalia Mogahed: Cosa pensate quando mi guardate? "Una donna di fede," "un'esperta", magari anche "una sorella"? O "oppressa", "indottrinata," "una terrorista"? CA: Qualunque sia la risposta, milioni di persone reagiscono in modo diverso. Ecco perché le idee contano davvero. Se comunicate correttamente, sono capaci di cambiare, per sempre, come qualcuno vede il mondo, e guidare le sue azioni adesso e anche in futuro. Le idee sono la forza più potente che determina la cultura umana. Se accettate che il vostro compito primario da oratore è costruire un'idea English: why the ideas that make up your worldview are crucial. You need them to be as reliable as possible -- a guide, to the scary but wonderful real world out there. Now, different people's worldviews can be dramatically different. For example, how does your worldview react when you see this image: (Video) Dalia Mogahed: What do you think when you look at me? "A woman of faith," "an expert," maybe even "a sister"? Or "oppressed," "brainwashed," "a terrorist"? CA: Whatever your answer, there are millions of people out there who would react very differently. So that's why ideas really matter. If communicated properly, they're capable of changing, forever, how someone thinks about the world, and shaping their actions both now and well into the future. Ideas are the most powerful force shaping human culture. So if you accept that your number one task as a speaker is to build an idea Persian: چرا ایده‌هایی که جهان بینی شما را می‌سازند بسیار مهم هستند. شما به آنها احتیاج دارید تا بتوانید تا جای ممکن قابل اتکا باشید -- یک راهنما٬ برای جهان ترسناک اما شگفت انگیز اطراف شما. حالا٬ جهان بینی افراد مختلف می‌تواند به شکلی چشم‌گیر تفاوت داشته باشد. برای مثال٬ جهان بینی شما چگونه واکنش نشان می‌دهد وقتی این تصویر را می‌بینید: (ویدیو) دالیا مجاهد: چه فکر می‌کنید وقتی به من نگاه می‌کنید؟ "زن ایمان٬" "یک حرفه‌ای٬" شاید حتی "یک خواهر"؟ یا "مظلوم٬" "شست و شوی مغزی شده٬" "یک تروریست"؟ ک اِی: جوابتان هرچه باشد٬ میلیون‌ها نفر آن بیرون هستند که ممکن است واکنشی متفاوت نشان دهند. پس به این دلیل است که ایده‌ها واقعا اهمیت دارند. اگر به درستی ارتباط برقرار شود٬ آنها می‌توانند٬ برای همیشه٬ نحوه نگرش یک نفر به جهان را تغییر دهند٬ و به فعالیت‌هایش در زمان حال و آینده شکل جدیدی ببخشند. ایده‌ها قدرتمندترین نیروی شکل دهنده به فرهنگ انسان‌ها هستند. پس اگر قبول دارید که اولین وظیفه شما به عنوان سخنران ایجاد یک ایده Kazakh: не үшін дүниетанымыңызды құратын идеялар маңызды. Олардың мүмкіндігінше нұсқаулық ретінде сенімдісі қажет, қорқынышты-ақ, бірақ таңғажайып әлем сонда. Сонымен, әр түрлі адамдардың дүниетанымы едәуір өзгеше болуы мүмкін. Мысалы, Мына бейнені көргенде дүниетанымыңыз не деп үн қатады: (Бейне) Далиа Могахед: Мені көргенде мен жайлы не ойлайсыздар? "Иманды әйел", "эксперт", мүмкін тіпті "қарындас" ? Немесе, "қаналған", "радикальды сенім иесі", "террорист"? КА: Жауабыңызға қарамастан, әр түрлі ойлайтын миллиондаған адамдардан сан түрлі жауап алуға болады. Міне, сондықтан да идеялар өте маңызды. Егер дұрыс ақпарат берілсе, кейбіреулердің әлем жайлы түсінігін мәңгілікке өзгертуге болады, олардың қазіргі және болашақтағы әрекеттерін қалыптастырады. Идеялар мәдениетті қалыптастыруда өте қуатты күш. Егер келіссеңіз, баяндамашы ретінде бірінші міндетіңіз, Bulgarian: защо идеите, които съставляват светогледа ви, са съществено важни. Нуждаете се от тях да бъдат колкото се може по-надеждни - пътеводител за страховития, но удивителен истински свят навън. Светогледите на отделните хора могат да бъдат коренно различни. Например, какво ви казва светогледът ви, когато видите това изображение: (Видео) Далиа Могахед: "Какво виждате, като ме погледнете?" "Религиозна жена", "експерт", може би дори "сестра"? Или "подтисната", "промит мозък", "терорист"? КА: Какъвто и да е отговорът, по света има милиони хора, които ще реагират различно. Ето затова идеите са наистина важни. Ако са комуникирани правилно, те са способни да променят завинаги начина, по който някой вижда света, предопределяйки действията ни в този момент и далеч в бъдещето. Идеите са тази могъща сила, която оформя човешката култура. Ако приемете, че най-важната ви задача като лектор е да загнездите идея Romanian: de ce sunt cruciale ideile ce formează imaginea voastră despre lume. E necesar să vă puteţi baza pe ele -- un ghid către înfricoşătoarea, dar minunata lume reală. Viziunile despre lume ale unor oameni diferiţi, pot fi foarte diferite. De exemplu, cum reacţionează viziunea voastră când vedeţi imaginea asta: (Video) Dalia Mogahed: Ce gândiţi când mă priviţi? „O femeie religioasă”, „o expertă”, poate chiar „o soră”? Sau „oprimată”, „spălată pe creier”, „o teroristă”? CA: Orice aţi răspunde, sunt milioane de oameni care ar reacţiona foarte diferit. De aceea ideile chiar contează. Dacă sunt comunicate corespunzător, pot schimba, pentru totdeauna, viziunea unora asupra lumii, influenţându-le acţiunile atât acum cât şi în viitor. Ideile sunt cea mai puternică forţă care modelează cultura umană. Dacă accepţi că sarcina ta principală ca vorbitor e să creezi o idee Turkish: oluşturan düşüncelerin neden gerekli olduğu oldukça açıktır. Mümkün olduğunca güvenilir olmalarını istersiniz -- dışarıdaki korkutucu ama harika gerçek dünyaya bir rehber. Farklı insanların dünya görüşleri dramatik şekilde farklı olabilir. Örneğin, bu resmi gördüğünüzde dünya görüşünüz nasıl tepki verir: (Video) Dalia Mogahed: Bana baktığınızda ne düşünüyorsunuz? "İnançlı bir kadın," "bir uzman," hatta belki "bir rahibe"? Ya da "baskılanmış," "beyni yıkanmış," "bir terörist"? CA: Cevabınız ne olursa olsun, farklı şekillerde tepki verecek olan milyonlarca insan var. Bu yüzden fikirler gerçekten önemlidir. Eğer doğru aktarılırlarsa, birinin dünya hakkındaki görüşünü ve davranışlarını hem şimdi, hem de gelecekte sonsuza dek değiştirmeye muktedirdirler. Fikirler insan kültürüne şekil veren en güçlü kudrettir. Eğer bir konuşmacı olarak bir numaralı görevinizin seyircilerin akıllarında Dutch: waarom de ideeën die je wereldbeeld vormen, cruciaal zijn. Ze moeten zo betrouwbaar mogelijk zijn -- een kompas in de angstaanjagende maar wonderlijke echte wereld daarbuiten. Het wereldbeeld van verschillende mensen kan onderling dramatisch verschillen. Bijvoorbeeld: hoe reageert jouw wereldbeeld als je dit beeld ziet? (Video) Dalia Mogahed: Wat denk je als je naar me kijkt? 'Een gelovige vrouw'? 'Een deskundige'? Misschien zelfs 'een zus'? Of 'onderdrukt', 'gehersenspoeld', ... 'een terrorist'? CA: Wat je ook antwoordt, er zijn miljoenen mensen die heel anders zouden reageren. Daarom zijn ideeën echt belangrijk. Als ze goed worden gecommuniceerd, kunnen ze voorgoed veranderen hoe iemand over de wereld denkt en kunnen ze zijn daden vormgeven, nu en in een verre toekomst. Ideeën zijn de sterkste kracht die vormgeeft aan de menselijke cultuur. Als je accepteert dat het je hoofdtaak is als spreker om een idee op te bouwen Indonesian: ide-ide yang membangun cara pandang Anda terhadap dunia sangat penting. Anda memerlukan ide-ide itu sebagai panduan yang dapat diandalkan, untuk (mengarungi) dunia nyata yang menakutkan, namun memukau. Nah, setiap orang bisa mempunyai sudut pandang yang amat berbeda. Sebagai contoh, bagaimana sudut pandang Anda bereaksi terhadap gambar ini: (Video) Dalia Mogahed: Apa yang Anda pikirkan saat melihat saya? "Perempuan beriman," "seorang ahli," atau mungkin "saudara?" Atau "tertindas," "korban cuci otak," "seorang teroris?" CA: Apapun jawaban Anda, ada jutaan orang di luar sana yang memberikan reaksi yang berbeda. Jadi itulah kenapa ide sangat penting. Jika disampaikan dengan benar, ide mampu mengubah cara pikir seseorang tentang dunia, dan membentuk aksi mereka baik saat ini maupun di masa depan. Ide adalah kekuatan terbesar yang dapat membentuk budaya manusia. Jadi jika Anda setuju bahwa tugas pertama Anda sebagai pembicara adalah membangun sebuah ide Thai: ว่าทำไมความคิดที่ประกอบกันขึ้น เป็นโลกทัศน์ของคุณจึงสำคัญมาก คุณต้องการให้เครื่องนำทางนี้ มีความเชื่อถือได้มากที่สุด เพื่อนำทางคุณในโลกแห่งความจริง ที่น่ากลัวแต่งดงามข้างนอกนั่น ทีนี้ โลกทัศน์ของคนเรา อาจต่างกันเยอะมาก อย่างเช่น จากโลกทัศน์ของคุณ คุณจะตอบสนองอย่างไร เมื่อคุณเห็นภาพนี้ (วิดีโอ) ดาเลีย โมโกเฮด: เวลาคุณมองฉัน คุณคิดอะไรคะ "หญิงผู้มีศรัทธาในศาสนา" "ผู้เชี่ยวชาญ" หรือแม้แต่ "น้องสาว" หรือ "คนที่ถูกกดขี่" "คนที่ถูกล้างสมอง" หรือ "ผู้ก่อการร้าย" คริส: ไม่ว่าคุณจะตอบว่าอะไร ก็จะมีคนหลายล้านคน ที่จะตอบแตกต่างจากคุณไปมาก นั่นคือเหตุผลว่าทำไมความคิดจึงสำคัญ ถ้าสื่อสารอย่างเหมาะสม ความคิดก็สามารถเปลี่ยนแปลง วิธีคิดที่คนเรามีต่อโลกไปตลอดกาล และปรับเปลี่ยนการกระทำของเขา ทั้งตอนนี้และในอนาคตอีกยาวไกล ความคิดเป็นแรงที่ทรงพลังที่สุด ที่รังสรรค์วัฒนธรรมของมนุษย์ ดังนั้น ถ้าคุณยอมรับว่า งานสำคัญอันดับหนึ่งของคุณในฐานะผู้พูด Norwegian: hvorfor ideene som utgjør ditt verdensbilde er avgjørende. De bør være en så pålitelig som mulig guide til den skumle men herlige virkelige verden der ute. Ulike mennesker kan ha veldig ulike verdensbilder. For eksempel: hvordan reagerer ditt verdensbilde når du ser dette bildet: (Video) Dalia Mogahed: Hva tenker du når du ser på meg? "En religiøs kvinne." "En ekspert, kanskje til og med en søster?" Eller "undertrykt", "hjernevasket", "en terrorist"? CA: Uansett hva du svarer, finnes det millioner av mennesker der ute som ville reagere helt annerledes. Det er derfor ideer virkelig er viktige. Hvis de blir kommunisert ordentlig, er de i stand til å endre, for alltid, måten noen tenker om verden på, og forme deres handlinger både nå og i fremtiden. Ideer er den sterkeste kraften som skaper menneskelig kultur. Så hvis du aksepterer at din viktigste oppgave som taler er å bygge en idé Hungarian: miért oly lényegesek a világnézetünket felépítő gondolatok. A lehető legmegbízhatóbbnak kell lenniük -- irányt kell mutatniuk a rémisztő de csodálatos külvilágban. Az egyes emberek világnézete drámaian különbözhet egymástól. Például, hogyan reagál az önök világnézete erre a látványra? (Videó) Dalia Mogahed: Mit gondolnak, amikor rám néznek? "Egy hűséges asszony", "egy szakember", vagy "egy lánytestvér"? Vagy: "elnyomott", "agymosott", "terrorista"? CA: Bármi is a válaszuk, milliónyian vannak a világon, akik teljesen más választ adnak. Ezért fontosak hát a gondolatok. Megfelelően kommunikálva, képesek örökre megváltoztatni mások világnézetét, és befolyásolni tetteiket, ma és a jövőben egyaránt. A gondolatok az emberi kultúrát formáló leghatalmasabb erők. Ha elfogadjuk, hogy az előadó legfontosabb dolga felépíteni egy gondolatot Serbian: zašto su važne ideje koje čine vaše viđenje sveta. Potrebno vam je da budu najsigurnije moguće - vodič, za zastrašujuć, ali divan svet. Sad, pogledi na svet različitih ljudi mogu se dramatično razlikovati. Na primer, kako vaše viđenje sveta reaguje nada vidite ovu sliku: (Video) Dalija Mogahed: Šta pomislite kad me pogledate? „Religiozna žena“, „stručnjak“, možda čak i „sestra“? Ili „ugnjetavana“, „ispranog mozga“, „terorista“? KA: Kakav god da je vaš odgovor, postoje milioni ljudi koji bi reagovali veoma različito. Zato su ideje zaista važne. Ako se dobro prenesu, imaju sposobnost da zauvek promene nečije mišljenje o svetu i uobliče njihove postupke, kako sada, tako i u budućnosti. Ideje su najmoćnija sila koja oblikuje kulturu ljudi. Ako prihvatite da vam je, kao govorniku, najvažniji zadatak da izgradite ideju Albanian: pse idetë që përbëjnë botën tuaj janë vendimtare. Ju duhet që ato të jenë sa me shumë të besueshme-- një udhëzues, për botën e jashtme sa të frikshme por të mrekullueshme. Tani, njerëz të ndryshëm mund të kenë vizione krejt të ndryshme. Për shëmbull, si do të reagonit kur shihni këtë figurë: (Video) Dalia Mogahed: çfarë mendoni kur më shihni? "Një grua e besimit", "një eksperte" "ndoshta një motër" ? Apo "e shtypur", "e manipuluar", "një terroriste"? CA: Sidoqoftë përgjigjja juaj ka miliona persona të tjerë që do të reagojnë ndryshe. Ja sepse idetë kanë rëndësi. Nëse komunikohen si duhet, ato janë të afta të ndryshojnë, përgjithmonë, sesi personi mendon rreth botës, dhe sesi orientohen veprimet e tyre tani dhe në të ardhmen. Idetë janë forca më e madhe për të formuar kulturën njerëzore. Kështu, nëse pranon që detyra numër një si folës është të ndërtosh një ide Russian: составляющие вашу картину мира, крайне важны. Они должны быть максимально достоверными и служить ориентиром в этом страшном, но чудесном мире, в котором мы живём. Мироощущения у разных людей могут быть кардинально противоположными. К примеру, какова реакция вашего миропонимания, когда перед вами оказывается такой образ: (Видео) Далиа Могахед: Что вы думаете при взгляде на меня? «Верующая», «эксперт», может быть, «сестра»? Или «притеснённая», «зомбированная», «террористка»? КА: Как бы вы ни ответили, миллионы людей в мире ответили бы прямо противоположно. Вот почему идеи действительно важны. При правильной передаче они способны навсегда изменить чьё-то мнение о мире, определив их поступки как в настоящем, так и в будущем. Идеи — самая мощная сила, формирующая человеческую культуру. Если вы согласитесь, что ваша главная задача как докладчика — Chinese: 為什麼構成你世界觀的 諸多理念舉足輕重。 它們必須盡量靠得住， 指引我們在外頭嚇人 又美好的現實世界中找方向。 每個人的世界觀可能截然不同， 例如： 你的世界觀看到這畫面會作何反應？ （影片） 達莉亞．摩珂赫德： 你看著我時會想到什麼？ 虔誠的婦女？專家？甚或是修女？ 或是受迫害、被洗腦過的人、 恐怖分子？ 安德森：不論你回答什麼， 數百萬人的反應可能截然不同。 這就是為什麼理念十分重要。 若溝通宣導得宜， 它們就足以永久改變 某個人看待世界的方式， 並且影響到他們現在以及將來的作為。 理念是形塑人類文化最強大的力量。 如果你相信身為演講者的首要任務 Swedish: varför idéerna som bygger upp din världsbild är väsentliga. Du behöver dem så tillförlitliga som möjligt - en guide, till den otäcka men underbara verkliga världen därute. Men, olika människors världsbild kan vara dramatiskt olika. Till exempel, hur reagerar din världsbild när du ser den här bilden: (Video) Dalia Mogahed: Vad tänker du när du ser på mig? "En troende kvinna", "en expert", kanske till och med "en syster"? Eller "förtryckt", "hjärntvättad", "en terrorist"? CA: Vad du än svarar, så finns det miljoner människor därute som skulle reagera annorlunda. Det är därför som idéer gör skillnad. Om de kommuniceras väl, har de förmågan att ändra, för alltid, hur någon ser på världen, och forma deras handlingar både nu och långt in i framtiden. Idéer är den starkaste kraften som formar den mänskliga kulturen. Så om du accepterar att din viktigaste uppgift som talare är att French: pourquoi les idées qui composent votre vision du monde sont cruciales. Elles doivent être un guide aussi fiable que possible dans le vrai monde, effrayant mais magnifique. Or des individus différents peuvent avoir des visions radicalement différentes. Par exemple, comment votre pensée réagit-elle quand vous voyez cette image ? (Vidéo) Dalia Mogahed : Que pensez-vous quand vous me regardez ? « Une femme de foi ? Une experte ? Peut-être même un sœur ? » ou « Oppressée, endoctrinée, terroriste ? » CA : Quelle que soit votre réponse, des millions d'autres personnes réagiront différemment. Voilà pourquoi les idées sont importantes. Si on les partage correctement, elles sont capables de changer pour toujours la vision du monde de certaines personnes et d'orienter leurs actions maintenant mais aussi dans le futur. Les idées sont la force la plus puissante qui façonne la culture humaine. Donc si vous acceptez que le principal défi d'un orateur est de construire une idée Slovak: prečo sú myšlienky, ktoré formujú náš pohľad na svet, kľúčové. Potrebujete, aby boli čo najspoľahlivejšie – sprievodca, do strašitelného, ale nádherného skutočného sveta tam vonku. Rôzni ľudia môžu mať na svet dramaticky odlišný pohľad. Napríklad, ako sa zmení váš pohľad na svet, keď uvidíte toto: (video) Dalia Mogahed: Čo si pomyslíte, keď sa na mňa pozriete? „Veriaca žena,“ „expert“ alebo možno „sestra“? Alebo „utláčaná“, „vymytý mozog“, „teroristka“? CA: Akákoľvek je vaša reakcia, existujú milióny ľudí, ktorí by reagovali úplne inak. Takže preto sú myšlienky veľmi dôležité. Ak sú odkomunikované správne, majú šancu navždy zmeniť, čo si niektorí myslia o svete, a ovplyvniť ich konanie dnes a v budúcnosti. Myšlienky sú najmocnejšia sila formujúca našu kultúru. Takže ak akceptujete, že vašou najdôležitejšou úlohou ako rozprávača je formovať Croatian: zašto su ideje koje stvaraju vaš svijet važne. Moraju biti što pouzdanije -- vodič u strašnom, ali prekrasnom stvarnom svijetu. Pogledi na svijet različitih ljudi mogu biti dramatično različiti. Na primjer, kako vaš pogled na svijet reagira na ovu sliku: (Video) Dalia Mogahed: Što pomislite kada me pogledate? "Ženu vjere," "stručnjakinju" ili možda "sestru"? Ili "potlačenu", "ispranog mozga", "terorista"? CA: Koji god vaš odgovor bio, postoje milijuni ljudi koji bi odgovorili potpuno drugačije. Zato su ideje zaista važne. Ako ih se pravilno komunicira, mogu zauvijek promijeniti kako netko razmišlja o svijetu i oblikovati njihova djelovanja sada i daleko u budućnosti. Ideje su najjača sila koja oblikuje ljudsku kulturu. Ako prihvatite da vam je kao govorniku osnovni zadatak izgraditi ideju Polish: że idee tworzące światopogląd mają kluczowe znaczenie. Muszą być solidnym przewodnikiem po groźnym, ale cudownym, otaczającym nas świecie. Światopogląd może się dramatycznie różnić. Przykład może być reakcja światopoglądu na ten obraz. (Film) Dalia Mogahed: Co myślicie, patrząc na mnie? "Kobieta wiary", "ekspert", może nawet "siostra"? Czy "uciśniona", "z wypranym mózgiem", "terrorystka"? CA: Obojętne, co powiesz, miliony ludzi zareagują całkiem inaczej, dlatego idee naprawdę mają znaczenie. Odpowiednio przekazane, mogą na zawsze zmienić nasze myślenie o świecie, oraz kształtować działania teraz lub w przyszłości. Idee są najpotężniejszą siłą, kształtującą kulturę ludzkości. Jeśli przyjmiemy, że zadaniem numer jeden mówcy jest zbudowanie idei Czech: proč jsou myšlenky, které utvářejí váš světonázor, tak zásadní. Chcete, aby byly tak spolehlivé, jak jen to jde. Aby byly průvodcem v děsivém, ale nádherném světě tam venku. Různí lidé ovšem mohou mít dramaticky rozdílné náhledy na svět. Například, jak se váš světonázor tváří při pohledu na tento snímek? (Video) Dalia Mogahed: Co si myslíte, když se na mě podíváte? „Žena víry,“ „odbornice,“ možná dokonce „sestra“? Anebo „utlačovaná,“ „s vymytým mozkem,“ „teroristka“? ChA: Ať už odpovíte jakkoli, najdou se miliony lidí, kteří by reagovali úplně jinak. A to je důvod, proč na myšlenkách záleží. Když se sdělí pořádně, jsou schopné změnit, navždycky, jak někdo smýšlí o světě, a jak bude jednat nyní i v daleké budoucnosti. Myšlenky jsou nejmocnější silou, která utváří kulturu lidstva. Když tedy přijmete za své, že vaším úkolem číslo jedna je zasít myšlenku Albanian: brënda mëndjes së publikut, këtu janë katër udhëzues se si duhet ta bësh këtë detyrë: E para, kufizohu vetëm me një ide. Idetë janë gjëra komplekse; përmbajtja e fjalimit duhet te jetë e fokusuar në një ide të vetme me të cilën jeni më i pasionuar, dhe ti jepni shansin vetes që ta shpjegoni atë gjë të vetme siç duhet. Duhet ti vini gjërat ne kontekst, të jepni shëmbuj, ta gjallëroni atë. Zgjidhni një ide, dhe bëni që ajo të jetë filli i të gjithë fjalimit tuaj, në mënyrë që çdo gjë që thoni të lidhet prapë me të në ndonjë mënyrë. E dyta, jepini publikut arsyen për t'ju dëgjuar. Para se të filloni të ndërtoni brënda mëndjes së publikut, duhet të kërkoni leje për të hyrë aty. Dhe mënyra për ta arritur? Kurioziteti. Pickoni kuriozitetin e publikut. Përdorni pyetje provokuese për të identifikuar pse diçka ska kuptim apo kërkon shpjegim. Marathi: ती हि श्रोत्यांच्या मनात. यासाठी मार्गदर्शक तत्वे अशी आहेत एक तुमचे व्याख्यान मर्यादित ठेवा एकाच कल्पनेसाठी. कल्पना या जटील असतात. तुमची माहिती अशी रचली पाहिजे जेणेकरून तुम्ही केंद्रित राहाल त्या एकाच कल्पनेभोवती तेवढी सहनशक्ती ठेवा. तुम्ही एकाच गोष्टीचे नीटपणे स्पष्टीकरण करा त्या संदर्भातील उदाहरणे द्या त्यात विविधता असली पाहिजे एक कल्पना निवडा. त्या कल्पनेचाच आविष्कार तुमच्या व्याख्यानात असावा. तुम्ही जे काही बोलता ते त्या कल्पनेशी निगडीत असावे. दोन: आपल्या श्रोत्यांना त्यात रस वाटला पाहिजे श्रोत्यांच्या मनात विचार पक्का होण्या पूर्वी त्यांना त्यात रस वाटला पाहिजे. त्यांनी आपले स्वागत केले पाहिजे त्यासाठी कोणते साधन आहे ? उत्सुकता. त्यांची उत्सुकता चाळवा. ते सहभागी होतील असे प्रश्न विचारा. हे जाणण्यास कि काही गोष्टी निरर्थक आहेत त्यांचे अर्थ जाणणे कसे महत्वाचे आहे. Romanian: în minţile spectatorilor, iată patru sfaturi pentru îndeplinirea acestui obiectiv: Unu: limitează-ţi discursul la o singură idee importantă. Ideile sunt lucruri complexe; trebuie să cerni discursul aşa încât să te poţi concentra pe idee care te pasionează cel mai mult, şi să-ţi oferi posibilitatea să explici corespunzător acel lucru. Trebuie să prezinţi contextul, să dai exemple, să-l însufleţeşti. Alege o idee şi fă din ea firul călăuzitor al întregului tău discurs, în aşa fel încât orice spui să fie legat cumva de ea. Doi: dă-le ascultătorilor un motiv să le pese. Înainte să începi să construieşti în minţile spectatorilor, trebuie să ai permisiunea lor să intri acolo. Care e unealta principală pentru asta? Curiozitatea. Stârneşte curiozitatea publicului. Foloseşte întrebări frapante, provocatoare ca să arăţi de ce un lucru e ciudat şi trebuie explicat. Lithuanian: klausančiųjų protuose, štai yra nuorodos, kaip šią užduotį įvykdyti: Pirma, apsiribokite kalboje tik viena stambia idėja. Idėjos yra sudėtingi padarai; jums reikia apkarpyti turinį, kad galėtumėte susitelkti į vieną idėją, kuri jums svarbiausia ir leisti sau ją gerai paaiškinti. Reikia pristatyti kontekstą, duoti pavyzdžių, pateikti spalvingai. Taigi, pasirinkite idėją ir padarykite, kad ji eitų kaip gija per visą jūsų kalbą, kad viskas, ką sakote, kažkaip su ja sietųsi. Antra, paiškinkite klausytojams, kodėl jiems tai svarbu. Prieš imdami kurti struktūras savo klausytojų galvose turite gauti jų sutikimą. Ir geriausias būdas to pasiekti? Susidomėjimas. Sužadinkite publikos susidomėjimą. Naudokite intriguojančius, provokuojančius klausimus, kad parodytumėte, kodėl kažkas yra ne taip ir reikalauja paaiškinimo. Portuguese: nas mentes das pessoas na sua plateia, tenho quatro dicas sobre como realizar essa tarefa: primeiro, limite sua palestra a apenas uma grande ideia. Ideias são coisas complexas e você precisa resumir o conteúdo para que consiga focar especificamente aquela ideia pela qual é mais apaixonado e possa ter a chance de explicá-la de forma adequada. É preciso contextualizar, dar exemplos, deixar claro. Então, escolha uma ideia e torne-a sua linha de raciocínio durante toda a palestra, de forma que tudo que disser se remeta a ela de alguma forma. Segundo, dê à plateia razão para querer ouvir. Antes de começar a criar ideias na mente das pessoas na sua plateia, você precisa da permissão delas para fazer isso. Qual a principal ferramenta para fazer isso? A curiosidade. Instigue a curiosidade da sua plateia. Faça perguntas intrigantes e provocativas para deixar claro por que algo não faz sentido e precisa ser explicado. Chinese: 就是在聽眾的腦海裡建構理念， 那我提供大家達成這任務的四大要點： 第一、限制你的演講 只提一個主要的理念！ 理念是很複雜的東西； 你必須回去刪減演講內容， 這樣一來你就可以全神投注 在你最熱衷的單一個理念， 給你自己機會完善地闡釋。 你要言之有物、分享例子、 讓它活靈活現； 所以挑出一個理念來， 做為連貫整場演講的主軸， 這麼一來你提到的每一點 都能夠回溯到該主軸。 第二、給聽眾一個去關心的理由。 在你開始在聽眾的腦海裡 建立些東西之前， 你必須讓觀眾的腦袋 願意歡迎接納你。 達成此事的主要工具是什麼呢？ 好奇心。 激起聽眾的好奇心， 運用扣人心弦、發人省思的問題， 來點明為什麼有些事情 不合理以及需要說明； Croatian: unutar umova vaše publike, evo naputaka za taj zadatak: Kao prvo, ograničite vaš govor na samo jednu veliku ideju. Ideje su složene stvari: trebate srezati sadržaj da se možete usredotočiti na jednu ideju za koju ste strastveni, i dajte si priliku da tu jednu stvar dobro objasnite. Morate dati kontekst, primjere, učiniti je živom. Odaberite jednu ideju i neka ona prožima cijeli vaš govor tako da je sve što kažete povezano s idejom na neki način. Kao drugo, dajte onima koji vas slušaju razlog da im bude stalo. Prije nego počnete graditi stvari u umu vaše publike, morate dobiti njihovo dopuštenje da vas puste unutra. A glavni alat za postizanje toga? Znatiželja. Potaknite znatiželju vaše publike. Koristite intrigantna, provokativna pitanja kako biste objasnili zašto nešto nema smisla i treba biti objašnjeno. Modern Greek (1453-): μέσα στο μυαλό του κοινού σας, να τέσσερις οδηγίες για το πώς να το καταφέρετε: Ένα, περιορίστε την ομιλία σας σε μία μόνο κύρια ιδέα. Οι ιδέες είναι πολύπλοκα πράγματα: πρέπει να μειώσετε το περιεχόμενό σας ώστε να μπορείτε να εστιάσετε στη μία ιδέα για την οποία έχετε το περισσότερο πάθος, και να δώσετε στον εαυτό σας μια ευκαιρία να εξηγήσει σωστά αυτό το ένα πράγμα. Πρέπει να δώσετε πλαίσιο, να μοιραστείτε παραδείγματα, να το ζωντανέψετε. Διαλέξτε, λοιπόν, μια ιδέα, και κάντε την το κυρίως θέμα σε ολόκληρη την ομιλία σας, έτσι ώστε οτιδήποτε πείτε να συνδέεται μαζί της με κάποιον τρόπο. Δύο, δώστε έναν λόγο να νοιαστούν οι ακροατές σας. Πριν αρχίσετε να φτιάχνετε πράγματα μέσα στα μυαλά του κοινού σας, πρέπει να έχετε την άδειά τους να μπείτε μέσα. Και το κύριο εργαλείο για να το καταφέρετε αυτό; Η περιέργεια. Κινήστε την περιέργεια του κοινού σας. Χρησιμοποιήστε ενδιαφέρουσες, προκλητικές ερωτήσεις για να τους δείξετε γιατί κάτι δεν είναι ξεκάθαρο και χρειάζεται επεξήγηση. Kazakh: тыңдаушылардың ойына идеяңызды жеткізу, бұл тапсырманы орындауға көмектесетін төрт кеңеске тоқталайық. Бірінші, баяндамаңызды маңызды бір ғана идеямен шектеңіз. Идеялар күрделі дүние; баяндамаңызды қайта қарап, қысқартып, осылайша жалғыз идеяға бар ынта-жігеріңізбен мән беріңіз, және осы бір дүниені лайықты түрде түсіндіріп беруге тырысыңыз. Мән-мағынасын беріңіз, мысалдармен бөлісіңіз, барынша айқындаңыз. Бір идеяны таңдаңыз, және оны толық баяндаманы қамтитындай сызық етіңіз, яғни әрбір айтқаныңыз алдыңғылармен байланысуы керек. Екінші, тыңдаушыларға маңызын ұқтырыңыз. Аудиторияңыздың ақыл-ойында идеяңыздың бөлшектерін құрмас бұрын, олардың құпталуы үшін тыңдаушылардың рұқсаты қажет. Рұқсат алудың басты құралы не? Әуестік. Әуестікті аудитрияңызбен араластырыңыз. Кейбір нәрселер не үшін мағына бермейтінін және түсіндіруді қажет ететінін білу үшін қызықтыратын, өршітетін сұрақтар қойыңыз. Turkish: bir fikir oluşturmak olduğunu kabul ederseniz, bu görevi gerçekleştirmek için işte size dört rehber: Bir, konuşmanızı sadece bir tek büyük fikirle sınırlayın. Fikirler karmaşık şeylerdir; en çok tutkun olduğunuz tek bir fikre odaklanmanız için içeriğinizi kısaltmanız ve bir şeyi doğru şekilde açıklamak için kendinize bir şans vermeniz lazım. İçerik sağlamanız, örnekler paylaşmanız, inandırıcı hâle getirmeniz lazım. Yani bir fikir seçin ve tüm konuşmanız boyunca aynı temada gitmeyi sağlayın, böylece söylediğiniz her şey bir şekilde ona bağlanır. Dinleyicilerinize umurlarında olacak bir şey verin. Seyircilerinizin akıllarında bir şeyler inşa etmeye başlamadan önce, sizi davet etmeleri için izinlerini almalısınız. Ve buna ulaşmak için ana araç? Merak. İzleyicilerinizin merakını çekin. Neden bir şeyin mantıksız olduğunu ve açıklama gerektirdiğini tanımlamak için ilgi çekici, kışkırtıcı sorular kullanın. English: inside the minds of your audience, here are four guidelines for how you should go about that task: One, limit your talk to just one major idea. Ideas are complex things; you need to slash back your content so that you can focus on the single idea you're most passionate about, and give yourself a chance to explain that one thing properly. You have to give context, share examples, make it vivid. So pick one idea, and make it the through-line running through your entire talk, so that everything you say links back to it in some way. Two, give your listeners a reason to care. Before you can start building things inside the minds of your audience, you have to get their permission to welcome you in. And the main tool to achieve that? Curiosity. Stir your audience's curiosity. Use intriguing, provocative questions to identify why something doesn't make sense and needs explaining. Slovak: myšlienky v mysliach vašich poslucháčov, tu sú štyri rady, ako by ste sa k tejto úlohe mali postaviť: Po prvé, obmedzte svoju prednášku len na jednu hlavnú myšlienku. Myšlienky sú komplexné, musíte obsah prednášky okresať tak, aby ste sa sústredili na jednu myšlienku, pre ktorú ste najviac zanietení, a mali šancu ju riadne vysvetliť. Musíte vysvetliť kontext, povedať príklady, oživiť to. Vyberte si jednu myšlienku a urobte z nej myšlienku, ktorá sa tiahne celou vašou prednáškou tak, že všetko, čo poviete, sa k nej vráti späť. Po druhé, dajte svojim poslucháčom dôvod, aby ich to zaujímalo. Predtým, ako budete mať možnosť formovať mysle svojich poslucháčov, musíte sa do nich dostať. A základný nástrojom na to je? Zvedavosť. Vyvolajte u svojho publika zvedavosť. Použite pútavé, provokatívne otázky na poukázanie toho, že niečo nedáva zmysel a potrebuje vysvetlenie. Spanish: es perfilar una idea en la mente del público, aquí hay cuatro consejos de cómo se debe proceder para esa tarea: El primero, limitar la charla a una única idea importante. Las ideas son complejas; hay que reducir el contenido para poder centrarse en la idea que nos apasiona y tener la oportunidad de poder explicar esa idea correctamente. Hay que integrarla en un contexto, dar ejemplos, animarla. Por eso elijan una idea, hagan de ella el hilo conductor que recorre toda la charla, de modo que todo lo que se diga remita a eso de alguna manera. El segundo, ofrece a quien escucha una razón para atender. Antes de empezar a construir cosas en la mente del público, uno tiene que ser bienvenido. ¿Con qué herramienta se logra esto? La curiosidad. Despierten la curiosidad del público. Hagan preguntas provocativas, interesantes, para indicar por qué algo no tiene sentido y necesita explicación. Vietnamese: trong bộ não của thính giả, đây là bốn chỉ dẫn giúp bạn hoàn thành nhiệm vụ ấy: Một: giới hạn bài nói với duy nhất một ý chính. Ý tưởng là những thứ phức tạp; bạn phải cắt bớt nội dung để có thể tập trung vào một ý mà bạn tâm đắc nhất, và tự tạo cơ hội để bạn có thể diễn giải ý ấy một cách chính xác. Bạn phải nhắc đến bối cảnh, chia sẻ ví dụ, và mô tả thật sinh động. Hãy chọn một ý tưởng thôi, và biến nó thành cái sườn của toàn bộ bài diễn thuyết, để mọi thứ bạn đề cập đều liên kết với ý ấy bằng nhiều cách. Hai, cho khán giả lí do để lắng nghe. Trước khi bạn bắt đầu xây dựng ý tưởng trong đầu thính giả, bạn phải được họ cho phép làm điều ấy. Và công cụ chính để đạt được điều ấy? Sự tò mò. Khơi gợi sự tò mò của thính giả. Sử dụng những câu hỏi hấp dẫn, gợi tranh luận để làm rõ tại sao một điều gì đó vô nghĩa và cần giải thích. Polish: w umysłach publiczności, oto cztery wskazówki, jak się do tego zabrać. Pierwsza, ogranicz prelekcję do jednej podstawowej idei. Idee są złożone, musisz ociosać zawartość, żeby skupić się na jednej idei, najważniejszej dla ciebie, i dać sobie szansę na odpowiednie wytłumaczenie tej jednej kwestii. Musisz przedstawić kontekst, podzielić się przykładami, ożywić ją. Wybierz jedną ideę i zrób z niej powracający temat prelekcji, łączący wszystko, co powiesz. Po drugie, znajdż coś, co słuchaczy obchodzi. Zanim zaczniesz budować w umysłach słuchaczy, musisz zdobyć ich zaproszenie. Główne narzędzie, żeby to osiągnąć? Ciekawość. Rozpal ciekawość publiczności. Użyj intrygujących, prowokujących pytań. Pokaż, dlaczego coś nie ma sensu i wymaga objaśnienia. Ukrainian: у головах ваших слухачів, ось чотири поради, як вам варто виконати це завдання: Спершу, обмежте вашу промову однією головною ідеєю. Ідеї - це складні речі; вам потрібно зменшити зміст, щоб зосередитись на єдиній ідеї, якою ви найбільше захоплюєтесь, та дати собі шанс пояснити одну річ як слід. Ви повинні пояснити обставини, поділитись прикладами, зробити свій виступ живим. Тож візьміть одну ідею та зробіть її лейтмотивом усієї промови, щоб усе, що ви скажете, якимось чином поверталося до неї. По-друге, не залишайте слухачів байдужими. Перед тим, як вкласти ідею до голів слухачів, потрібно отримати дозвіл туди увійти. І яке ж головне знаряддя для цього? Допитливість. Зацікавте публіку. Ставте інтригуючі, провокативні запитання, щоб визначити, що незрозуміло й потребує пояснень. Bulgarian: в умовете на хората от публиката, ето четири насоки, които да следвате, за това как да подходите към задачата: Първо, ограничете дискусията си до само една главна идея. Идеите са комплексни неща; налага се да съкратите останалата информация, така че да се фокусирате върху тази идея, която ви вълнува най-много, и да си дадете шанса да обясните това едничко нещо подобаващо. Трябва да предложите контекст, да споделите примери, да я представите ярко. Така че изберете една идея и я превърнете в лайт мотив, който се повтаря през цялата дискусия, така че всичко, което кажете, да води към нея по някакъв начин. Второ, дайте на слушателите си причина да се интересуват. Преди да започнете да изграждате нещо в умовете на хората от публиката, трябва да вземете позволението им, да ви поканят в ума си. С кой инструмент се постига това? Любопитството. Разпалете любопитството на публиката. Използвайте интригуващи, провокативни въпроси, за да идентифицирате защо нещо не би имало смисъл за тях и трябва да бъде обяснено. Swedish: bygga en idé i dina åhörares medvetande, så är här fyra riktlinjer för hur du bör ta dig an uppgiften: Ett: begränsa ditt föredrag till endast en grundläggande idé. Idéer är komplexa saker; du behöver rensa bort innehåll så att du kan fokusera på den enda idén du brinner mest för, och ge dig själv en chans att förklara den enda idén ordentligt. Du måste ge sammanhang, visa exempel, göra det levande. Så, välj en idé, och gör den till den röda tråden genom hela ditt föredrag, så att allting du säger länkar tillbaka till den på något sätt. Två: ge dina åhörare en anledning att bry sig. Innan du kan börja bygga något i dina åhörares tankar, måste du ha deras tillåtelse att komma in. Och det bästa sättet för att få det? Nyfikenhet. Väck dina åhörares nyfikenhet. Använd intressanta, provokativa frågor för att identifiera varför något inte låter klokt och behöver förklaras. Czech: do myslí v publiku, zde je pár rad, jak byste k tomuto úkolu měli přistupovat: Za prvé, omezte svou přednášku jen na jednu hlavní myšlenku. Myšlenky jsou komplexní záležitosti; osekejte to, co chcete říct, tak, abyste se mohli soustředit na tu jedinou myšlenku, která probouzí vaši vášeň, a dopřejte si možnost tu jednu jedinou věc vysvětlit pořádně. Musíte ji zasadit do kontextu, uvést příklady, vyložit ji živě. Vyberte tedy jedinou myšlenku, která se bude prolínat celou vaší řečí, takže se k ní bude nějakým způsobem vztahovat vše, co řeknete. Za druhé, dejte posluchačům důvod, proč by se o téma měli zajímat. Než v myslích posluchačů začnete cokoli budovat, musíte nejprve získat svolení ke vstupu dovnitř. A jak toho nejlépe dosáhnout? Zvědavostí. Pošťouchněte zvědavost svého publika. Využijte poutavé, provokativní otázky, abyste vypíchli něco, co nedává smysl a je potřeba to vysvětlit. Portuguese: é criar uma ideia nas mentes da vossa audiência, aqui estão quatro orientações sobre como devem executar essa tarefa. Um: limitem a vossa palestra a apenas uma grande ideia. As ideias são coisas complexas. precisam de cortar no conteúdo para se poderem focar na única ideia que mais vos apaixone, que vos dê a oportunidade de explicar adequadamente essa coisa. Têm que dar contexto, partilhar exemplos, torná-la vívida. Por isso escolham uma ideia, e façam dela a linha orientadora da vossa palestra, de modo a que tudo o que digam se ligue a ela de qualquer forma. Dois: deem aos vossos ouvintes um motivo para se envolverem. Antes de começarem a construir coisas na mente da vossa audiência, têm que ter a permissão dela, um convite para lá entrar. Qual a principal ferramenta para isso? A curiosidade. Espicacem a curiosidade da vossa audiência. Usem questões intrigantes, provocadoras para identificar porque é que uma coisa não faz sentido e precisa de ser explicada. iw: בתוך מוחותיהם של מאזיניכם, הרי לכם ארבעה קווים מנחים לביצוע משימה זאת: 1. הגבילו את הרצאתם לרעיון מרכזי אחד ויחיד. רעיונות הם דברים מורכבים; עליכם לצמצם את תוכן דבריכם כדי שתוכלו להתמקד ברעיון האחד והיחיד, שהכי חשוב לכם, ולתת לעצמכם הזדמנות להסביר את הדבר הבודד הזה כמו שצריך. עליכם לספק הקשר, דוגמאות, להבהיר אותו. אז בחרו רעיון אחד, והיפכו אותו לנימה שתעבור כחוט השני בכל ההרצאה, כך שכל מה שתאמרו יתקשר אליו איכשהו. 2. תנו לקהל שלכם סיבה לאיכפתיות. בטרם תתחילו לבנות דברים בתוך מוחותיהם, עליכם לקבל את רשותם להיכנס לשם. ומהו האמצעי הראשי לכך? סקרנות. עוררו את סקרנותו של הקהל. השתמשו בשאלות מסקרנות ומעוררות מחשבה כדי לזהות מה לא הגיוני וטעון הסבר. Galician: nas mentes da vosa audiencia, aquí van catro pautas para abordar esa tarefa: Primeiro, limitade a vosa charla a unha única idea. As ideas son cousas complexas; necesitades reducir o contido para poder centrarvos na idea simple que máis vos apaixona, e ter a oportunidade de explicala ben. Tedes que dar contexto, compartir exemplos, facelo real. Así que collede unha idea e facede que sexa un fío que percorra toda a vosa charla, para que todo o que digades conecte dalgunha maneira. Segundo, dádelle a quen vos escoita unha razón para que lle interese. Antes de comezar a construír cousas nas mentes da vosa audiencia, tedes que ter o seu permiso para entrar. E cal é a ferramenta para conseguilo? A curiosidade. Remexede a curiosidade da vosa audiencia. Usade preguntas intrigantes, provocativas para identificar por que algo non ten sentido e precisa explicación. Persian: در ذهن مخاطبانتان است٬ این‌ها چهار دستورالعمل برای انجام دادن این کار هستند: یک٬ سخنرانی خود را به تنها یک ایده اصلی محدود کنید. ایده‌ها چیزهای پیچیده‌ای هستند؛ باید محتوایتان را محدود کنید تا بتوانید بر روی آن ایده خاص که به آن اشتیاق دارید تمرکز کنید٬ و این شانس را به خودتان بدهید که همان یک چیز را به شکلی مناسب تشریح کنید. باید زمینه سازی کنید٬ مثال بزنید٬ نکته را شفاف بیان کنید. پس یک ایده را انتخاب کنید٬ و آن را به خط مسیر کل سخنرانی‌تان تبدیل کنید٬ طوری که هرچه می‌گویید به نحوی به آن مرتبط باشد. دو٬ به مخاطبان دلیلی بدهید تا اهمیت بدهند. قبل از اینکه بتوانید شروع به ساختن چیزی در ذهن شنوندگانتان کنید٬ باید نظر آنها را جلب کنید تا از شما استقبال کنند. و ابزار اصلی رسیدن به آن؟ کنجکاوی. کنجکاوی مخاطبان را تحریک کنید. از سوال‌های جذاب و محرک استفاده کنید تا نشان دهید که چرا چیزی با عقل جور درنمی‌آید و نیاز به توضیح دارد. Italian: nella mente del pubblico, sono quattro linee guida su come intraprendere questo compito: Uno, limitate il nostro intervento a una sola grande idea. Le idee sono complesse; dovete tagliare il contenuto in modo da concentrarvi sulla singola idea a cui tenete di più, e darvi la possibilità di spiegare quella cosa correttamente. Dovete dare un contesto, condividere esempi, renderla viva. Prendete una idea, e fatene il filo conduttore del vostro intero intervento, in modo che ogni cosa che dite vi si riconduca. Due, date al pubblico una ragione per tenerci. Prima di cominciare a costruire nella mente del pubblico, dovete chiedere il permesso di entrare. E lo strumento principale per arrivarci? La curiosità. Stuzzicate la curiosità del pubblico. Usate domande intriganti, provocatorie per identificare perché una cosa non ha senso e richiede spiegazioni. Arabic: في أذهان المستمعين إليك فإليك أربعة إرشادات لمساعدتك على تحقيق مهمتك: أولاً، إجعل حديثك محدداً بفكرة واحدة هامة فقط. الأفكار هي أشياء معقدة إختصر من محتوى حديثك لكي تتمكن من التركيز على فكرة واحدة فقط والتي أنت أكثر حماساً لها وأعط لنفسك الفرصة لشرح ذلك الأمر الواحد بشكل جيد. ضع سياقا للحديث، وأعط الأمثلة، لجعلها حيوية. لذلك إختار فكرة واحدة وإجعلها خيطا يجري خلال مجمل الحديث بسلاسة لكي تستطيع أن تربط كل ما تقول مع بعضه البعض. ثانياً، أعط المستمعين سبباً للإهتمام. قبل أن تقدر بالشروع ببناء الأشياء داخل أذهان المستمعين، يجب عليك أن تحوز على موافقتهم لتدخل إلى عقولهم. وماهي الوسيلة الأساسية لتحقيق ذلك؟ الفضول. قم بإثارة فضول جمهورك. إطرح أسئلة إستفهامية أو إستفزازية لكي تحدد لماذا شيء ما غير واضح وهناك حاجة لشرحه. Catalan: dins de les ments de la teva audiència, aquí tens quatre punts sobre com encarar aquesta tasca: Primer: limita la teva xerrada a una gran idea. Les idees són coses complexes, cal que redueixis el teu contingut per a poder-te concentrar en la idea única que més t'apassiona, i donar-te l'oportunitat d'explicar-la correctament. Cal donar context, explicar-ne exemples, fer-ho viu. Tria una idea, i fes-ne el fil conductor de la xerrada, de manera que tot el que expliquis hi estigui lligat. Segon: dona'ls motius per a que els importi. Abans que comencis a construir dins les ments de l'audiència, cal fer que t'hi donin la benvinguda. I quina és l'eina per aconseguir-ho? La curiositat. Desvetlla la curiositat de l'audiència. Fes preguntes enigmàtiques, provocatives per identificar per què alguna cosa no té sentit i cal explicar-la. Chinese: 并让听众认同， 那么这里有四条原则你可以遵循： 第一，让你的演讲主题明确。 想法是复杂的， 你要避免长篇大论，专注于 最让你激动不已的那个想法， 并想办法把它解释清楚。 你需要解释背景， 举例说明，娓娓道来。 所以只挑选一个想法， 让它贯穿你的整个演讲， 让你讲的所有内容都能与之呼应。 第二，吸引你的听众。 在你将自己的想法灌输给观众之前， 你必须得到他们的允许。 那主要手段是什么呢？ 好奇心。 勾起观众的好奇心。 提一些耐人寻味，引人入胜的问题 让大家发现有些事情 不合理，需要解释。 German: in den Köpfen des Publikums eine Idee entstehen zu lassen, dann sind hier vier Methoden, wie man vorgehen sollte: Erstens, begrenzen Sie Ihren Vortrag auf einen Hauptgedanken. Ideen sind komplex; man muss den Inhalt kürzen, um sich auf eine einzige Idee zu konzentrieren, die einem am wichtigsten ist, und sich selbst ermöglichen, diese eine Sache richtig zu erklären. Man muss den Kontext und Beispiele liefern, es lebendig machen. Wählen Sie eine Idee und machen Sie sie zum roten Faden Ihres gesamten Vortrags, damit alles, was Sie sagen, miteinander verknüpft ist. Zweitens, liefern Sie Ihren Zuhörern einen Grund zum Mitdenken und -fühlen. Bevor Sie beginnen, in den Köpfen Ihrer Zuhörer etwas aufzubauen, braucht man deren Erlaubnis. Und was ist das Hauptinstrument, um das zu erreichen? Neugier. Erwecken Sie die Neugier des Publikums. Stellen Sie verblüffende, provozierende Fragen, um zu erkennen, warum etwas keinen Sinn ergibt und erklärt werden muss. Indonesian: di dalam otak pendengar Anda, ini adalah empat panduan untuk mengerjakan tugas tersebut: Satu, batasi presentasi Anda pada satu ide besar saja. Ide adalah sesuatu yang rumit; Anda perlu mengurangi bobot presentasi supaya Anda bisa berkonsentrasi pada satu ide yang paling Anda jiwai, dan menjelaskan satu ide tersebut dengan baik. Anda harus memberikan konteks dan contoh, untuk menjadikan ide tersebut nyata. Jadi pilih satu ide, dan jadikan ia benang merah yang mengikat keseluruhan presentasi Anda, jadi apa pun yang Anda katakan dapat dihubungkan kembali ke ide awal Anda. Dua, berikan alasan bagi pendengar Anda, kenapa mereka harus peduli. Sebelum Anda bisa membangun ide di dalam benak pendengar Anda, Anda harus membuat mereka agar bisa menerima Anda. Dan caranya? Rasa ingin tahu. Anda harus menggugah rasa ingin tahu mereka. Gunakan pertanyaan yang mengusik dan provokatif untuk menunjukkan mengapa sesuatu tidak masuk akal dan butuh dijelaskan. Dutch: in de geesten van je toehoorders, dan zijn hier vier richtlijnen om die klus te klaren. Eén: beperk je talk tot één hoofdidee. Ideeën zijn complexe dingen. Je moet je inhoud afslanken zodat je je kan toespitsen op dat ene idee dat je het naast aan het hart ligt en je de kans krijgt om dat ene ding fatsoenlijk uit te leggen. Je moet de context duiden, voorbeelden geven, het levendig maken. Kies één idee en maak er de rode draad van door je hele talk heen, zodat alles wat je zegt, er op één of andere manier verband mee houdt. Twee: geef je luisteraars een reden om om jou te geven. Voor je dingen kan gaan opbouwen in de hersenen van je publiek moet je hun toestemming krijgen om erin binnen te mogen. Wat heb je daarvoor nodig? Nieuwsgierigheid. Wek de nieuwsgierigheid van je publiek. Gebruik intrigerende, provocerende vragen om aan te geven waarom iets geen steek houdt en uitgelegd moet worden. Russian: создать идею в умах слушателей, то вам пригодятся следующие четыре совета по решению этой задачи. Во-первых, ограничьтесь в своём докладе лишь одной основной идеей. Идеи сложны, и нужно сократить объём информации, чтобы можно было сосредоточиться на единственной идее, которая для вас наиболее актуальна, и иметь возможность должным образом её разъяснить. Необходимо обозначить контекст, дать примеры, оживить идею. Итак, выберите одну идею и сделайте её центральной темой всего выступления, чтобы всё, что вы говорите, было с ней связано. Во-вторых, дайте слушателям повод не остаться равнодушными. Прежде чем формировать идею в умах аудитории, нужно получить приглашение. Что поможет этого достичь? Любопытство. Пробудите в слушателях любопытство. Интригуйте, задавайте провокационные вопросы, показывайте, почему что-то не имеет смысла или требует объяснений. Burmese: စိတ်ကူးတစ်ခု တည်ဆောက်ဖို့ ဆိုတာကို လက်ခံရင် ဒီအလုပ်ကို ဘယ်လိုအစီအစဉ်ချသင့်တယ် ဆိုတာအတွက် လမ်းညွှန်ချက် လေးခုပါ။ တစ်။ သင့်ရဲ့ဟောပြောချက်ကို အဓိက အကြောင်းအရာတစ်ခုနဲ့သာ ကန့်သတ်ပါ။ စိတ်ကူးတွေဟာ ရှုပ်ထွေးတဲ့ အရာတွေပါ၊ သင် အထက်သန်ဆုံး စိတ်ကူးတစ်ခုတည်းကို အာရုံစိုက်လို့ရအောင် သင့်ရဲ့ အကြောင်းအရာတွေကို လျှော့ချပစ်ပြီး အကြောင်းတစ်ခုကို ကျကျနန ရှင်းပြဖို့ သင့်ကိုယ်သင် အခွင့်အလမ်းပေးပါ။ ဆက်စပ်တဲ့အကြောင်း ပေးဖို့၊ နမူနာတွေ ပြဖို့၊ ထင်ရှားအောင် လုပ်ဖို့လိုပါတယ်။ ကဲ စိတ်ကူးတစ်ခု ကောက်ယူကာ ဒါကို ဟောပြောချက်တစ်ခုလုံး တောက် လျှောက် တန်းပါနေအောင်လုပ်ပါ၊ သင်ပြောသမျှတိုင်းဟာ ဒါကို တစ်နည်း နည်းနဲ့ပြန်ချိတ်ဆက်နိုင်အောင်ပါ။ နှစ်။ သင့်ရဲ့ နားဆင်သူတွေကို ဂရုစိုက်ဖို့ အကြာင်းပြချက်တစ်ခုပေးပါ။ သင့်ပရိတ်သတ်ရဲ့ စိတ်တွေထဲ အကြောင်း အရာတွေ ဟမတည်ဆောက်ခင်မှာ သင့်ကို ဝင်ခွင့်ပြုမယ့် ကြိုဆိုမှုကို ရယူဖို့လိုတယ် အောင်မြင်ဖို့ အဓိက ကိရိယာလား၊ သိလိုစိတ်ပါ။ သင့်ပရိတ်သတ်ရဲ့ သိလိုစိတ်ကို နှိုးဆွပေးပါ။ ဘာကြောင့် တစ်ခုခုက အဓိပ္ပါယ်မရှိဖြစ်နေပြီး ရှင်းလင်းဖို့လိုတာကို ရှင်းပြဖို့ စိတ်ဝင် စားစရာ၊ ဆွပေးတဲ့ မေးခွန်းတွေ သုံးပါ။ Hungarian: hallgatói agyában, akkor itt van négy szempont, hogyan érdemes ezt tenni. Egy: Az előadás egyetlen fő gondolatra szorítkozzon. A gondolatok összetett dolgok; vágjuk vissza mondandónkat annyira, hogy a számunkra legfontosabb egyetlen gondolatra tudjunk koncentrálni, lehetőséget adva magunknak ennek pontos elmagyarázására. Helyezzük el ezt a környezetben, hozzunk példákat, töltsük meg élettel. Fogjunk hát egy gondolatot, és ezt vigyük végig a teljes előadáson, hogy minden, amit mondunk, valahogy ehhez kapcsolódjon. Kettő: Tegyük befogadóvá a hallgatóságot! Mielőtt elkezdenénk a hallgatók agyában új dolgokat felépíteni, meg kell szereznünk a hozzájárulásukat. És mi ennek a legjobb eszköze? A kíváncsiság. Piszkáljuk föl a közönség kíváncsiságát! Dobjunk be izgalmas, provokatív kérdéseket, hogy megtudjuk, mi az, ami értelmetlen, ami magyarázatra szorul. Japanese: 聴衆の頭の中に アイデアを構築することだと もし認めてもらえるなら それに取り組む上で従うべき ４つの指針を お教えします 【１】スピーチの主要なアイデアは １つに絞ること アイデアは複雑なものです 自分が最も強い想いを抱く アイデア１つに集中し その１つをきちんと 説明できるよう 内容を切り詰める 必要があります 背景が分かるようにし 例を挙げ アイデアを鮮明に描き出す 選んだ１つのアイデアが スピーチ全体を貫く根幹となり 話すことのすべてが そこに繋がるようにしましょう 【２】聞く人に関心を持つべき 理由を与えること 聴衆の頭の中に 何かを作り始める前に まず中に入れてもらう 必要があります そのための道具は 何でしょう？ 好奇心です 聴衆の好奇心を 掻き立てましょう 惹き付けられる 挑発的な問いを使い あるものが なぜ道理に合わず 説明がいるのかを 明らかにしましょう Thai: คือการสร้างความคิดขึ้นในสมองของผู้ฟัง นี่คือแนวทางสี่ข้อ ว่าคุณจะทำงานนี้สำเร็จได้อย่างไร หนึ่ง จำกัดขอบเขตปาฐกถาของคุณ ให้มีความคิดหลักเพียงเรื่องเดียว ความคิดเป็นสิ่งซับซ้อน คุณต้องตัดเนื้อหาลง เพื่อมุ่งความสนใจ ไปที่ความคิดหนึ่งเดียว ที่คุณคลั่งไคล้มากที่สุด และให้โอกาสตัวคุณเอง อธิบายสิ่งสิ่งเดียวนั้นให้ดี คุณต้องปูพี้น เล่าตัวอย่าง ทำให้มันชัดเจนแจ่มแจ้ง ดังนั้น เลือกหนึ่งความคิด ทำให้มันเป็นเส้นเรื่องที่ร้อยผ่าน ตลอดทั้งปาฐกถาของคุณ เพื่อให้ทุกอย่างที่คุณพูด เชื่อมโยงกลับไปยังความคิดนั้น สอง ให้เหตุผลแก่ผู้ฟัง ว่าเขาทำไมเขาจึงควรใส่ใจ ก่อนคุณจะเริ่มสร้างอะไรบางอย่าง ในสมองของผู้ฟัง คุณต้องได้รับอนุญาตจากเขา ให้เขาต้อนรับคุณเข้าไป และเครื่องมือหลักที่จะทำได้ ก็คือ ความอยากรู้อยากเห็น กระตุ้นความอยากรู้อยากเห็นของผู้ฟัง ใช้คำถามที่ปลุกเร้า น่าฉงน เพื่อชี้ให้เห็นว่ามีอะไรบางอย่างไม่ลงตัว และต้องการคำอธิบาย French: dans l'esprit de l'auditoire, voici 4 grandes lignes à suivre pour remplir votre mission : Un : limitez votre discours à une seule grande idée. Les idées sont complexes : il faut fouiller votre esprit et vous concentrer sur l'idée qui vous passionne le plus et vous donner une chance de l'expliquer clairement. Il faut donner le contexte, des exemples, rendre cela vivant. Alors choisissez une idée et faites que ce soit le fil rouge de tout votre discours, pour que tout ce que vous direz s'y rattache tout le temps. Deux : donnez aux auditeurs une bonne raison de vous écouter. Avant de commencer à faire entrer des choses dans l'esprit des auditeurs, ils doivent vous inviter à entrer. Et quel est le meilleur moyen pour cela ? La curiosité. Attisez la curiosité des auditeurs. Posez des questions intrigantes, provocantes pour identifier pourquoi quelque chose n'a pas de sens et qu'on doit l'expliquer. Serbian: unutar umova vaše publike, evo četiri saveta za pristupanje tom zadatku: prvo, ograničite svoj govor samo na jednu veliku ideju. Ideje su složene stvari; morate da smanjite sadržaj kako biste se usredsredili na jednu ideju koja vam je najvažnija, i kako biste imali šansu da tu jednu stvar adekvatno objasnite. Morate je staviti u kontekst, dati primere, učiniti je opipljivom. Dakle, odaberite jednu ideju i neka ona bude nit koja prožima ceo vaš govor, tako da sve što kažete na neki način vodi nazad do nje. Drugo, dajte svojim slušaocima razlog da im bude stalo. Pre nego što počnete da izgrađujete nešto u umovima svoje publike, morate dobiti njihovu dozvolu da vas prime. A glavni alat da postignete to? Radoznalost. Pokrenite radoznalost kod svoje publike. Koristite zanimljiva, provokativna pitanja da biste otkrili zašto nešto nema smisla i potrebno je objasniti ga. Korean: 동의하신다면 그 일을 어떻게 해야 하는지 4가지 가이드라인을 알려드리겠습니다. 첫째, 여러분의 강연은 주 아이디어 하나로만 한정하세요. 아이디어는 복잡한 것입니다. 여러분이 제일 큰 열정을 갖는 하나의 아이디어에 집중하고 그 하나를 제대로 설명할 수 있는 기회를 얻기 위해 내용을 줄여야합니다. 맥락을 제시하고, 예시를 공유하고, 생생하게 보여주어야 합니다. 그러니까 아이디어를 하나만 골라서 강연 전체를 꿰뚫는 하나의 선이 되게 하세요. 여러분이 말하는 모든 것이 어떤 방식으로든 그 선과 연결되게요. 둘째, 청중들이 관심을 가질 이유를 주세요. 청중들 마음 속에 무언가를 짓기 전에 여러분을 기꺼이 받아들여줄 허락을 받아야 합니다. 허락을 받기 위해 필요한 중요한 도구가 뭘까요? 호기심입니다. 청중의 호기심을 자극하세요. 흥미롭고 자극적인 질문을 던져서 왜 무언가가 말이 안되고 설명이 필요한지 알려주세요. Norwegian: inni sinnet til ditt publikum får du her fire retningslinjer til hvordan du kan takle oppgaven: 1. Begrens ditt foredrag til én viktig idé. Ideer er komplekse ting; du må kutte ned innholdet ditt slik at du kan ha fokus på den ene ideen som du er lidenskapelig opptatt av, og gi deg selv en sjanse til å forklare denne ene tingen skikkelig. Du må gi kontekst, dele eksempler, gjøre det livlig. Så plukk én idé og la den være den røde tråden gjennom hele foredraget ditt, slik at alt du sier på en eller annen måte er knyttet til den. 2. Gi dine tilhørere en grunn til å bry seg. Før du kan begynne å bygge ting inni hjernen til dine tilskuere, må du få deres tillatelse, de må ønske deg velkommen inn. Og det viktigste verktøyet til å oppnå dette? Nysgjerrighet. Vekk dine tilskueres nysgjerrighet. Still fascinerende, provoserende spørsmål for å identifisere hvorfor noe ikke gir mening og bør forklares. Arabic: وإذا قدرت على أن تبين وجود ثغرة في رؤية أحد ما للعالم حوله فسيشعرون بالحاجة إلى أن يقوموا بسد تلك الثغرة في معلوماتهم. ومتى ما قمت بإطلاق شرارة تلك الرغبة، فسيكون من السهولة بمكان أن تبدأ ببناء فكرتك. ثالثاً، قم ببناء فكرتك، قطعة تلو الأخرى، بإستخدام مبادئ تكون مفهومة مسبقاً لدى جمهورك. قم بإستخدام قوة اللغة لكي تخيط تلك المبادئ الموجودة مسبقاً معاً في أذهان جمهورك لكن لا تستخدم لغتلك، بل لغتهم هم. أبدأ من حيث يوجدون هم. غالباً ما ينسى المتحدثون أن العديد من المصطلحات والمفاهيم التي يستخدمونها تكون غير مألوفة لدى مستمعيهم غالباً. يمكن للإستعارات أن تكون أداة فعالة لإيضاح كيفية ترابط أجزاء الحديث سوياً، حيث تساعد في فهم الشكل المطلوب من النمط بناءا على فكرة مفهومة سابقا لدى المستمعين. مثلا، عندما أرادت جنيفر خان شرح التكنولوجيا الحيوية الجديدة المذهلة المسمية CRISPR قالت "الأمر أشبه أن تمتلك للمرة الأولى معالج عالمي قادر على تعديل بنية DNA Japanese: 世界観の中にある穴に 気付かせてやれば 相手はその穴を 埋めたいと感じます その欲求が 引き起こされたなら こちらのアイデアを組み上げてやるのは ずっと楽になります 【３】聴衆が既に 理解している概念を使って １歩１歩アイデアを 築いていくこと 聴衆の頭の中に既にある 概念を関連づけるために 言葉の力を使いましょう ただし自分のではなく 相手の言葉を使います 聴衆のいる地点から 始めるのです 講演者は自分が日々使っている 用語や概念の多くが 聴衆には全然馴染みがないことを 忘れがちです パーツがどう組み上がるか示す上で 比喩が重要な役割を果たします 望むパターンの形を 聞き手が理解しているアイデアを使って 示すことができるからです たとえばジェニファー・カーンは こんな風に CRISPRというバイオテクノロジーの ものすごい新技術を説明しました 「DNAのためのワープロが 初めてできたようなものです Albanian: Nëse mund të tregosh një shkëputje në vizionin e dikujt, do të ndihet e nevojshme për ta mbushur këtë mungesë njohurie. Dhe sapo e ndez këtë dëshirë, do të jetë shumë e lehtë të fillosh të ndërtosh idenë tënde. E treta, ndërtoje idenë, pjesë-pjesë, nga konceptet që publiku i ka kuptuar tashmë. Përdorni fuqinë e gjuhës për të thurur konceptet që ekzistojnë tashmë në mendjen e dëgjuesit -- por jo në gjuhën tuaj, në gjuhën e tyre. Filloni aty ku janë ata. Folësit shpesh harrojnë që shumë fjalë apo koncepte me të cilat ata jetojnë janë fare të panjohura për publikun. Metaforat luajnë rol kyç për të treguar si lidhen pjesët me njëra tjetrën, sepse ato tregojnë formën definitive të skemës, të bazuar mbi një ide që dëgjuesit e kuptojnë tashmë. Për shëmbull, kur Jennifer Kahn donte të shpjegonte bioteknologjinë e re të pabesueshme të quajtur CRISPR, ajo tha, "është sikur, për herë të parë të kesh një program kompjuteri për të modifikuar DNA. Chinese: 如果你让某人发现， 他的世界观里有空白， 他们就会想把这缺口补上。 一旦你勾起他们的求知欲， 灌输你的想法就容易多了。 第三，构筑你的想法， 一步一步来， 要使用观众已经了解的概念。 用语言的力量， 把观众脑海中已经存在的概念 重新整合—— 不过要用观众能懂的语言。 你要让他们跟上你的节奏。 演讲者经常会忘记， 自己每天接触的术语和概念， 在观众们眼中可能就是天书。 因此，善用比喻非常重要， 因为比喻是用听众已经了解的概念， 来勾画缺失的那一块知识拼图。 比如，当珍妮弗·卡恩 想解释一种叫做CRISPR的 最前端的生物技术时， 她说：“这项技术，就像你第一次 拥有了一台可以编辑DNA的 文字处理机一样。 Slovak: Ak dokážete odhaliť medzery v ich videní sveta, ľudia budú cítiť potrebu tieto medzery zaplniť. A keď raz vyvoláte túto túžbu, bude oveľa jednoduchšie začať v nich formovať vašu myšlienku. Po tretie, formujte svoju myšlienku, krok za krokom, na základe konceptov, ktorým vaši poslucháči rozumejú. Využite silu jazyka na prepojenie existujúcich konceptov v mysliach poslucháčov – nie váš jazyk, ale ich. Začnite na ich úrovni. Rozprávači často zabudnú, že výrazy a koncepty, ktoré poznajú, sú často úplne neznáme pre ich poslucháčov. Metafory hrajú kľúčovú rolu v spájaní jednotlivých kúskov dokopy, pretože pomáhajú pochopiť nové poznatky, na základe toho, čo poslucháči poznajú. Napríklad, keď Jennifer Kahn chcela vysvetliť novú, neuveriteľnú biotechnológiu s názvom CRISPR, povedala: „Je to akoby ste po prvýkrát použili na úpravu DNA program Word. Thai: ถ้าคุณสามารถเผยให้เห็น ส่วนที่ขาดหายไปในโลกทัศน์ของเขา เขาก็จะเกิดความรู้สึก อยากปิดช่องว่างของความรู้นั้น และเมื่อคุณจุดประกายความปรารถนานั้นแล้ว การเริ่มสร้างความคิดในหัวของเขา มันจะง่ายขึ้นมาก สาม สร้างความคิดของคุณ ทีละเล็กทีละน้อย จากแนวคิดต่าง ๆ ที่ผู้ฟังของคุณเข้าใจอยู่แล้ว คุณต้องใช้พลังของภาษา เพื่อถักทอความคิดขึ้นมา จากแนวคิดต่าง ๆ ที่มีอยู่แล้ว ในหัวของผู้ฟังของคุณ แต่ไม่ใช่ภาษาของคุณนะ ต้องเป็นภาษาของเขา คุณต้องเริ่มต้นตรงจุดที่เขายืน ผู้พูดหลายคนมักลืมว่าคำ หรือแนวคิดต่าง ๆ ที่เขาใช้อยู่ทุกวัน เป็นคำที่ผู้ฟังไม่คุ้นเคยเลย อุปมาอุปไมยมีบทบาทสำคัญที่ช่วยให้เห็นว่า ชิ้นส่วนต่าง ๆ ประกอบเข้ากันอย่างไร เพราะมันเผยให้เห็น แบบแผนรูปร่างที่พึงปรารถนา จากความคิดที่ผู้ฟังเข้าใจอยู่แล้ว ตัวอย่างเช่น เมื่อเจนนิเฟอร์ คาห์น ต้องการอธิบายเทคโนโลยีชีวภาพ ตัวใหม่ที่น่าทึ่ง ชื่อ CRISPR เธอพูดว่า "มันเหมือนกับ คุณมีโปรแกรมเวิร์ดโพรเซสเซอร์ สำหรับตัดต่อดีเอ็นเอเป็นครั้งแรก Ukrainian: Якщо ви помітите прогалину в кругозорі глядачів, то вони відчують потребу провести місток через це провалля знань. І як тільки ви викличете в них це бажання, вам буде набагато легше почати будувати свою ідею. По-третє, будуйте ідею, крок за кроком, відштовхуючись від понять, які публіка вже розуміє. Ви використовуєте силу мови, щоб сплести разом поняття, які вже існують у головах ваших слухачів -- але не вашою мовою, їхньою мовою. Ви починаєте з їхнього місця. Промовці часто забувають, що чимало термінів та понять, з якими вони живуть, є цілком невідомими для їхньої публіки. Метафора може зіграти вирішальну роль, щоб скласти все докупи, тому що вона показує бажану форму на основі понять, що їх слухач уже розуміє. Наприклад, коли Дженніфер Кан хотіла продемонструвати неймовірну нову біотехнологію CRISPR , вона сказала: "Це наче ви вперше редагуєте ДНК у текстовому редакторі. Lithuanian: Jei atrasite neatitikimą kažkieno pasaulėžiūroje, jie panorės tas spragas kuo greičiau užpildyti. Ir vos tik įžiebsite tą norą, jūsų idėją sudėlioti taps daug paprasčiau. Trečia, statykite savo idėją iš sąvokų, kurias jūsų klausytojai jau supranta. Naudokite kalbos jėgą, kad sujungtumėte sąvokas, kurios jau yra klausytojų galvose – bet naudokite ne savo kalbą, o jų. Pradedate ten, kur yra jie. Kalbėtojai dažnai pamiršta, kad dauguma terminų ir sąvokų, su kuriais jie gyvena yra visiškai svetimi jų klausytojams. O metaforos gali gerokai pagelbėti aiškinant, kaip susiję idėjos elementai, nes jos atskleidžia, kaip atrodo aiškinamas dalykas, remiantis idėja, kurią klausytojai jau ir taip žino. Pavyzdžiui, kai Jennifer Kahn norėjo paaiškinti neįtikėtiną naują biotechnologiją vardu CRISPR, ji tarė, „tai tarsi pirmąkart turėtume teksto redagavimo programą, skirtą darbui su DNR. Modern Greek (1453-): Αν φανερώσετε ένα κενό στην κοσμοθεωρία κάποιου, θα νιώσουν την ανάγκη να γεφυρώσουν αυτό το χάσμα γνώσης. Αφού θα έχετε πυροδοτήσει αυτή την επιθυμία, θα είναι πολύ ευκολότερο να αρχίσετε να φτιάχνετε την ιδέα σας. Τρία, φτιάξτε την ιδέα σας, κομμάτι κομμάτι, από έννοιες που καταλαβαίνει ήδη το κοινό σας. Χρησιμοποιήστε τη δύναμη της γλώσσας να συνδέσετε έννοιες που υπάρχουν ήδη στα μυαλά των ακροατών σας -- αλλά όχι στη γλώσσα σας, στη δική τους γλώσσα. Ξεκινάτε εκεί που είναι αυτοί. Οι ομιλητές συχνά ξεχνούν ότι πολλές οικείες σε αυτούς ορολογίες και έννοιες είναι τελείως ξένες στο κοινό τους. Οι μεταφορές μπορούν να παίξουν κρίσιμο ρόλο στο πώς συνδέονται τα κομμάτια, επειδή αποκαλύπτουν το επιθυμητό σχήμα του μοτίβου, βασισμένο σε μια ιδέα που καταλαβαίνει ήδη ο ακροατής. Για παράδειγμα, όταν η Τζένιφερ Καν ήθελε να εξηγήσει την εκπληκτική νέα βιοτεχνολογία που ονομάζεται CRISPR, είπε, «Είναι λες και, για πρώτη φορά, έχετε έναν επεξεργαστή κειμένου για να επεξεργαστείτε το DNA. Kazakh: Егер әлдібереулердің дүниетанымында кемшілікті айқындай алсаңыз, олар осы олқылықты толықтыруды қажет екенін сезеді. Осылайша олардың ықыласын шақырған соң, идеяңызды құрастыру әлдеқайда жеңілірек болмақ. Үшінші, идеяңызды бөлшектеп жеткізіңіз, яғни аудиторияңыз түсіне алатындай етіңіз. Тілдің күшін пайдаланып, тыңдаушылардың санасында қалыптасқан түсінікпен бірге идеяңызды ұштастырасыз, бірақ өзіңіздің емес, олардың тілінде. Олар қайда сол жерден бастайсыз Көбінесе баяндаушылар қолданатын терминдер мен түсініктер тыңдаушылар үшін мүлдем таныс емес екенін ұмытып кетіп жатады. Енді, метафоралар идея бөліктерінің бір-біріне сәйкестігін көрсетуде маңызды, себебі, тыңдаушының идеяны осыған дейін түсінгендігіне негізделе отырып, қалаған идеяның бейнесін жеткізеді. Мысалы, Дженнифер Кан CRISPR деген жаңа керемет биотехнологияны түсіндіргісі келеді, ол, "Бұл дегеніміз, бірінші рет ДНҚ-ны өңдейтін мәтіндік процессорге ие болдыңыз делік. Persian: اگر بتوانید یک شکاف را در جهان بینی کسی آشکار کنید٬ آنها برای پل زدن بر آن شکاف دانایی احساس نیاز می‌کنند. و وقتی که آن میل را برانگیختید٬ خیلی آسان‌تر می‌توانید شروع کنید و ایده خودتان را بسازید. سه٬ ایده خودتان را قطعه قطعه بسازید. از مفاهیمی استفاده کنید که مخاطبان از قبل با آن آشنا هستند. از قدرت زبان استفاده کنید و مفاهیمی که از قبل در ذهن مخاطبان وجود دارند را به هم ببافید -- اما نه زبان خودتان٬ زبان آنها. از جایی که آنها هستند شروع کنید. سخرانان بعضاً فراموش می‌کنند که بسیاری از مفاهیم و شرایطی که با آن زندگی می‌کنند برای مخاطبانشان کاملا غریب است. حالا٬ استفاده از استعاره نقش بسزایی در کنار هم چیدن قطعه‌ها دارد٬ چون آنها شکل مورد نظر الگو را بر اساس ایده‌ای که شنونده آن را متوجه می‌شود مشخص می‌کنند. برای مثال٬ وقتی جنیفر کان می‌خواست بیوتکنولوژی جدید و خارق‌العاده‌ای به نام CRISPR را شرح دهد٬ گفت٬ "مثل این است برای اولین بار٬ یک پردازنده جهانی برای ویرایش DNA داشته باشیم. Indonesian: Jika Anda dapat menyingkap ketidak- sinambungan dalam pandangan seseorang, mereka akan merasa perlu untuk menjembatani kesenjangan tersebut. Setelah Anda menumbuhkan kebutuhan itu, akan sangat mudah untuk mulai membangun ide Anda. Tiga, bangun ide Anda setahap demi setahap, dari konsep yang sudah dipahami pendengar Anda. Gunakan daya bahasa Anda untuk merajut konsep yang sudah ada di dalam benak pendengar Anda -- bukan dengan bahasa Anda, tapi dengan bahasa mereka. Mulailah dari (sudut pandang) mereka. Pembicara kerap melupakan bahwa banyak istilah dan konsep yang awam bagi mereka tidak umum dimengerti oleh pendengar mereka. Metafora dapat menjadi sangat berguna untuk menunjukkan bagaimana konsep-konsep itu saling terhubung, karena mereka (bisa) menunjukkan pola berdasarkan sebuah ide yang sudah dipahami oleh pendengar. Sebagai contoh, ketika Jennifer Kahn ingin menjelaskan bioteknologi baru yang menakjubkan yang disebut CRISPR, dia berkata, "Seakan, untuk pertama kalinya, Anda mempunyai aplikasi Word Processor untuk mengedit DNA. Dengan CRISPR, Anda bisa dengan mudah Romanian: Dacă poţi releva o ruptură în viziunea cuiva asupra lumii, va simţi nevoia să umple acel vid de cunoştinţe. Odată ce ai aprins această dorinţă, va fi mult mai uşor să-ţi construieşti ideea. Trei: construiţi-vă ideea bucată cu bucată, din concepte pe care publicul le înţelege deja. Folosiţi puterea limbajului ca să împletiţi concepte care există deja în minţile ascultătorilor... dar nu limbajul vostru, limbajul lor. Porniţi de la poziţia lor. Vorbitorii uită deseori că mulţi dintre termenii şi conceptele cunoscute lor sunt complet necunoscute auditoriului. Metaforele pot juca un rol crucial ca să arăţi cum se îmbină piesele, pentru că ele dezvăluie forma dorită a tiparului, plecând de la ideea că ascultătorul înţelege deja. De exemplu, când Jennifer Kahn a dorit să explice noua şi incredibila biotehnologie numită CRISPR, a spus: „E ca şi cum, pentru prima dată, aţi avea un procesor de text pentru editarea ADN-ului. Norwegian: Hvis du klarer å avsløre en frakobling i noens verdensbilde, vil de føle behovet for å bygge bro over dette kunnskapsgapet. Og når du først har vekket dette ønsket, vil det bli så mye lettere å bygge opp ideen din. 3. Bygg opp ideen din, bit for bit, av begreper som ditt publikum allerede forstår. Du bruker språkets makt for å flette sammen begreper som allerede eksisterer i dine tilhøreres hjerner -- men ikke ditt språk - deres språk! Du starter der de befinner seg. Talere glemmer ofte at mange begreeper og konsepter de lever med er totalt ukjente for deres publikum. Metaforer kan spille en nøkkelrolle i å vise hvordan bitene passer sammen, ettersom de avdekker mønsterets ønskede form, basert på en idé som tilhøreren allerede forstår. For eksempel når Jennifer Kahn ønsket å forklare den utrolige nye bioteknologien CRISPR. Hun sa: "Det er som om du, for første gang, hadde en tekstbehandler til å redigere DNA. Dutch: Als je een leemte in het wereldbeeld van iemand kan blootleggen, zullen ze de nood voelen om die kenniskloof te overbruggen. Is dat verlangen eenmaal aangestoken, dan is het zoveel gemakkelijker om je idee op te bouwen. Drie: bouw je idee stapsgewijs op met begrippen die je publiek al begrijpt. Gebruik de kracht van de taal om begrippen die al bestaan in het brein van je luisteraars, te verweven -- maar niet van jouw taal, van hun taal. Hun positie is jouw startpunt. Sprekers vergeten vaak dat vele termen en begrippen waar zij mee leven, volkomen onbekend zijn voor hun publiek. Metaforen kunnen een cruciale rol spelen bij het tonen van de samenhang, omdat ze de gewenste vorm van het patroon onthullen, op basis van een idee dat de luisteraar al begrijpt. Toen Jennifer Kahn bijvoorbeeld de ongelooflijke nieuwe biotechnologie genaamd CRISPR wilde uitleggen, zei ze: "Het is alsof je voor het eerst een tekstverwerker had om DNA aan te passen. Burmese: တစ်ဦးဦးရဲ့ ကမ္ဘာ့အမြင်မှာ ပြတ်ကောက်မှုတစ်ခု လှစ်ဟပြနိုင်ရင် အသိပညာ ဟာကွက်ကို ဖြည့်ဆည်းဖို့ လိုအပ်ချက်ကို သူတို့ ခံစားမိလိမ့်မယ်။ ဒီအာသီသကို အစပျိုးပြီးပြီဆိုတာနဲ့ သင့်စိတ်ကူးကို စတင်တည်ဆောက်ရာမှာ အများကြီး ပိုလွယ်ပါလိမ့်မယ်။ သုံး။ သင့်စိတ်ကူးကို သင့်ပရိတ်သတ် နားလည် ပြီးဖြစ်တဲ့ အမြင်တွေကနေ အပိုင်းလိုက် တည်ဆောက်ပါ။ သင့်ပရိတ်သတ်ရဲ့ စိတ်တွေထဲမှာ တည်ရှိပြီးသား အမြင်တွေကို အတူကကွ ယှက်ဖွဲ့ဖို့ ဘာသာစကားရဲ့ အစွမ်းသတ္တိကို အသုံးပြုပါ။ ဒါပေမဲ့ သင်ရဲ့ ဘာသာစကားမဟုတ် သူတို့ ဘာသာစကားပါ။ သူတို့ရှိရာကနေ စလိုက်ပါ။ ဟောပြောသူတွေ မကြာခဏ မေ့တတ်တာက သူတို့နဲ့အတူရှိတဲ့ ဝေါဟာရတွေ၊ အမြင်တွေဟာ သူတို့ရဲ့ ပရိတ်သတ်တွေနဲ့ လုံးဝ မရင်းနှီးတာကိုပါ။ ဥပစာတွေဟာ အပိုင်းတွေ ဘယ်လို လိုက်ဖက် ပါဝင်နေကြောင်း ပြဖို့အရေးကြီးတယ်။ အကြောင်းက သူတို့က နားထောင်သူ နားလည်ပြီးဖြစ်တဲ့ စိတ်ကူးတစ်ခုကို အခြေခံတဲ့ အဆင်ရဲ့ အလိုရှိရာ ပုံစံကို ဖော်ပြလို့ပါ။ ဥပမာ Jennifer Kahn ဟာ CRISPR လို့ခေါ်တဲ့ အံ့ဩစရာ ဇီဝနည်းပညာသစ်တစ်ခုကို ရှင်းပြချင်တဲ့အခါ သူမပြောတာက "ဒါက ပထမဆုံးအနေနဲ့ DNA ကို တည်းဖြတ်ဖို့ သင့်မှာ စာစီ စာရိုက်စက်တစ်လုံး ရှိတာမျိုးပေါ့။ Swedish: Om du kan visa på en saknad koppling i någons världsbild, så kommer att känna behovet att överbygga det kunskapsglappet. Och när du väl har väckt den önskan, kommer det att bli mycket lättare att börja bygga din idé. Tre: bygg din idé bit för bit, utifrån koncept som din publik redan förstår. Använd makten i språket för att väva ihop koncept som redan existerar i dina åhörares medvetande - men inte med ditt språk, utan deras. Du startar där de är. Föredragshållare glömmer ofta att många termer och koncept som de lever med är helt främmande för deras åhörare. Metaforer kan spela en viktig roll i att visa hur bitarna passar ihop, för att de har den önskade formen för mönstret, baserat på en idé som åhöraren redan förstår. Till exempel, när Jennifer Kahn ville förklara den fantastiska nya biotekniken kallad CRISPR, så sa hon: "Det är som om du för första gången, hade en ordbehandlare för att ändra DNA. Turkish: Eğer birinin dünya görüşünde bir bağlantısızlığı ortaya koyarsanız, o bilgi açığını kapatmaya ihtiyaç duyarlar. O arzuyu bir kez uyandırınca fikrinizi oluşturmaya başlamak çok daha kolay olacaktır. Üç, hâlihazırda izleyicinizin anladığı kavramlarla adım adım fikrinizi inşa edin. Dinleyicinizin akıllarında hâlihazırda mevcut olan kavramları bir araya getirmek için dilin gücünü kullanın -- sizin dilinizi değil, onların dilini. Onların olduğu yerden başlayın. Konuşmacılar hayatlarındaki birçok terim ve kavramın izleyicilere tamamen yabancı olduğunu çoğunlukla unuturlar. Metaforlar bu parçaların nasıl birbirine uyduğunu göstermede önemli bir rol oynayabilir, çünkü dinleyicinin hâlihazırda anladığı fikre dayanarak modelin arzulanan şeklini ortaya koyarlar. Örneğin, Jennifer [Kahn] CRISPR adı verilen müthiş yeni bir biyoteknolojiyi açıklamak istediğinde şöyle dedi, "Sanki ilk defa DNA'yı düzenlemek için bir sözlük işlemciniz var. Catalan: Si pots revelar una desconnexió en la visió del món d'algú, sentiran la necessitat de cobrir aquest buit de coneixement. I quan aquest desig es desvetlla, serà molt més fàcil començar a construir-hi la teva idea. Tercer: construeix una idea, peça a peça, a partir de conceptes que la teva audiència pugui entendre. Fas servir el poder del llenguatge per a entreteixir conceptes que ja existeixen en la ment dels qui t'escolten: però no amb el teu llenguatge, amb el seu. Comença on són ells. Els oradors sovint olviden que molts dels conceptes amb què viuen són completament desconeguts per a la seua audiència. Ara, les metàfores juguen un paper crucial per mostrar com encaixen les peces, perquè revelen el patró destijat, basat en una idea que qui ascolta ja comprén. Per exemple, quan Jennifer Kahn volia explicar la increïble i nova biotecnologia anomenada CRISPR, ha dit, "és com si, per primera vegada, tingueres un processador de textos per a editar l'ADN. Polish: Jeśli pokażesz niespójność w światopoglądzie, ludzie poczują potrzebę zapełnienia luki. Jak już wywołasz pragnienie, budowanie idei będzie o wiele łatwiejsze. Po trzecie, buduj ideę po kawałku, z pojęć znanych twojej publiczności. Użyj potęgi języka, żeby splatać ze sobą pojęcia istniejące w umysłach słuchaczy, ale w ich języku, nie w twoim. Zaczynasz tam, gdzie są oni. Prelegenci zapominają, że wiele bliskich im terminów i pojęć jest całkowicie obcych widowni. Przenośnie znakomicie pokazują, jak kawałki pasują do siebie, bo odsłaniają pożądany kształt schematu, w oparciu o ideę, którą słuchacz rozumie. Tak było, kiedy Jennifer Kahn tłumaczyła niezwykłą nową metodę biotechnologiczną CRISPR. "To jakby pierwszy edytor tekstu do edycji DNA. Czech: Když dokážete odhalit díru v něčím názoru na svět, budou chtít tu mezeru zaplnit. A jakmile jste podnítili touhu, bude mnohem snazší poskládat vaši myšlenku. Za třetí, poskládejte svou myšlenku kousek po kousku, na základech konceptů, kterým vaše publikum již rozumí. Využijte sílu jazyka, abyste v myslích svých posluchačů spřádali koncepty, které již znají – ale v jejich jazyce, ne v tom vašem. Musíte začít u nich. Řečníci často zapomínají, že mnoho pojmů a konceptů, se kterými jsou sžití, je jejich publiku dočista neznámých. Metafory hrají hlavní roli v ukázce toho, jak do sebe jednotlivé kousky zapadají, protože poskytují základní formu toho, co chcete říct, v myšlenkách, kterým již posluchač rozumí. Když například Jennifer Kahn chtěla vysvětlit úžasnou biotechnologickou novinku zvanou CRISPR, řekla: „Je to, jak kdybyste konečně měli textový procesor pro úpravy DNA. Marathi: त्यमुळे एखाद्याच्या दृष्टीकोनात खंड पडेल. त्यांना त्यातील उणीव भरून काढण्यास चालना मिळेल. त्या त्यांच्या आकांक्षा प्रज्वलित करतील. त्यानंतर तुमचे काम सोपे होईल कल्पना रुजविण्यास. तीन: तुमच्या कल्पनेची रुजवात टप्प्याटप्प्याने करा. तुमच्या श्रोत्यांना अगोदर ज्ञात असलेल्या माहितीआधारे. तुम्ही शब्दप्रभू असले पाहिजे. पूर्व ज्ञानाशी तुमच्या नव्या कल्पनेचे जाळे विणण्यास. श्रोत्यांच्या मनात. तुमच्या भाषेत नव्हे तर त्यांच्या भाषेत ते आहेत तेथून सुरवात करा. वाक्यास कित्येकदा विसर पडतो अनेक संज्ञा संबोध तेसंग्तात ते अनेकदा श्रोत्यांना अपरिचित असतात. अलंकार वापरून हे टप्पे जोडता येतात. त्यांना अपेक्षित आकार असतो व श्रोत्यांना ते अगोदर माहित असतात उदा जेनिफर खान स्पष्ट करू इच्छिते नवी जैविक तंत्रज्ञानातील संज्ञा CRISPR ती म्हणते जणू काही पहिल्यांदाच डी एन ए च्या बदलासाठी वर्ड प्रोसेसर लागतो. Vietnamese: Nếu bạn gợi ra sự thiếu liên kết trong thế giới quan của một người, họ sẽ mong muốn được hàn gắn lỗ hổng kiến thức ấy. Và khi bạn đã thắp lên mong muốn ấy, việc bắt đầu xây dựng ý tưởng sẽ dễ dàng hơn nhiều. Ba, xây dựng ý tưởng, từng chút một, từ những khái niệm mà thính giả đã rõ. Bạn có thể dùng sức mạnh ngôn ngữ để kết nối những khái niệm có sẵn trong đầu của thính giả -- nhưng không phải ngôn ngữ của bạn, mà là của họ Bắt đầu từ điểm nhìn của họ. Diễn giả thường quên rằng rất nhiều thuật ngữ và khái niệm họ quen thuộc lại hoàn toàn xa lạ với thính giả. Lúc này, ẩn dụ lại có vai trò cốt yếu trong việc giải thích mối liên kết này, vì chúng làm rõ trạng thái lý tưởng của luận điểm, dựa trên những ý tưởng mà thính giả đã hiểu. Ví dụ, khi Jennier Khahn muốn giải thích một công nghệ sinh học mới lạ tên CRISPR, cô nói: "Tựa như lần đầu tiên bạn dùng một chương trình soạn thảo văn bản để chỉnh sửa DNA. Serbian: Ako u nečijem pogledu na svet otkrijete nepovezanost, oni će imati potrebu da premoste taj jaz u znanju. Kad jednom pokrenete tu želju, biće mnogo lakše da počnete da gradite svoju ideju. Treće, gradite svoju ideju, deo po deo, iz koncepata koje publika već razume. Koristite moć jezika da spojite koncepte koji već postoje u umovima vaših slušalaca - ali ne svog jezika, njihovog jezika. Krenite sa mesta na kom se oni nalaze. Govornici često zaboravljaju da su mnogi termini sa kojima žive potpuno nepoznati njihovoj publici. Metafore mogu odigrati značajnu ulogu u uklapanju delova slagalice, jer otkrivaju željeni oblik, zasnovan na ideji koju slušalac već razume. Na primer, kad je Dženifer Kan želela da objasni neverovatnu novu biotehnologiju, CRISPR, rekla je: „To je kao da, po prvi put, imate računar za obradu DNK. English: If you can reveal a disconnection in someone's worldview, they'll feel the need to bridge that knowledge gap. And once you've sparked that desire, it will be so much easier to start building your idea. Three, build your idea, piece by piece, out of concepts that your audience already understands. You use the power of language to weave together concepts that already exist in your listeners' minds -- but not your language, their language. You start where they are. The speakers often forget that many of the terms and concepts they live with are completely unfamiliar to their audiences. Now, metaphors can play a crucial role in showing how the pieces fit together, because they reveal the desired shape of the pattern, based on an idea that the listener already understands. For example, when Jennifer Kahn wanted to explain the incredible new biotechnology called CRISPR, she said, "It's as if, for the first time, you had a word processor to edit DNA. Korean: 사람들의 세계관 속에 연결이 끊어져 있는 부분을 드러내주면 사람들은 그 지식 격차를 이을 필요를 느끼게 될 겁니다. 그 욕구를 불러일으키고 나면 여러분의 아이디어를 구축하는 게 훨씬 쉬울 겁니다. 셋째, 청중들이 이미 이해하고 있는 개념으로 여러분의 아이디어를 차곡차곡 구축해나가세요. 언어의 힘을 사용하여 청중들의 머릿속에 이미 존재하는 개념들을 함께 엮으세요. 그렇지만 여러분의 언어가 아닌 청중들의 언어로요. 그들이 서 있는 지점에서 시작하는 거죠. 강연자들은 종종 그들 삶 속에 있는 용어와 개념들의 다수가 청중에게는 완전히 생소하다는 사실을 잊어버립니다. 비유는 조각들이 어떻게 짜맞추어지는지 보여주는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다. 청중이 이미 이해하고 있는 아이디어를 이용하여 패턴의 바람직한 형태를 보여주기 때문이죠. 예를 들어, 제니퍼 칸은 CRISPR이라는 놀라운 새 생명공학기술을 이렇게 설명했습니다. "DNA를 편집할 수 있는 워드 프로세서가 처음으로 생긴 기분입니다. Spanish: Si pueden hacer evidente una brecha en la visión del mundo que tiene alguien, sentirá la necesidad de completar esa laguna de conocimientos. Y una vez que desatan ese deseo, será mucho más fácil empezar a construir su idea. El tercero, construyan la idea, parte por parte, a partir de conceptos que el público entienda. Usen el poder del lenguaje para entretejer conceptos que ya existen en la mente de quien escucha... pero no con su lenguaje sino con el de ellos. Empiecen con lo que ellos saben. Los oradores a menudo olvidan que muchos de los términos y conceptos que usan son completamente desconocidos por su público. Las metáforas pueden jugar un papel crucial en el ensamblaje de las piezas, porque revelan la forma deseada del patrón, con base en una idea que quien escucha ya entiende. Por ejemplo, cuando Jennifer Kahn quiso explicar la increíble nueva biotecnología llamada CRISPR, dijo: "Es como si, por primera vez, tuviésemos un editor de texto para editar el ADN. Bulgarian: Ако успеете да разкриете пропуск в нечий светоглед, човекът ще почувства нуждата от мост, за да запълни празнотата в познанията си. И щом веднъж сте разпалили това желание, ще бъде много по-лесно да започнете да изграждате идеята. Трето, постройте идеята си парче по парче от понятия, които вашата аудитория вече разбира. Използвайте силата на езика, за да преплетете понятия, които вече съществуват в умовете на слушателите ви - но не на вашия език, а на техния. Започнете от там, където са те. Лекторите често забравят, че много термини и понятия, с които са свикнали, са напълни непознати за аудиторията. Метафорите могат да играят жизнена роля за показването на връзката между две неща, защото разкриват желаната форма на модела, основавайки се на идея, която слушателят вече разбира. Например, когато Дженифър Кан искаше да обясни невероятната нова биотехнология, наречени CRISPR, тя каза: "Все едно за първи път имате текстообработваща програма за редактиране на ДНК. Russian: Если вы сможете указать на нестыковки в их картине мира, они захотят заполнить этот пробел знанием. Как только у них появится это желание, передать слушателям идею станет намного легче. В-третьих, формируйте свою идею шаг за шагом из понятных слушателям кирпичиков знания. Используйте силу языка, чтобы связать уже существующие понятия в умах своей аудитории. Но говорите не своим, а их языком. Говорите с их позиций. Часто докладчики забывают, что многие понятия и термины, к которым они привыкли, абсолютно незнакомы аудитории. Метафоры могут очень эффективно проиллюстрировать цельную идею, потому что они демонстрируют желаемую концепцию на основе уже известных слушателям идей. Например, когда Дженнифер Кан хотела объяснить действие потрясающей новой биотехнологии CRISPR, она сказала: «Впервые у нас появилась программа для редактирования ДНК. Croatian: Ako možete otkriti nepovezanost u nečijem pogledu na svijet, oni će osjetiti potrebu da premoste tu rupu u znanju. I kada ste potakli tu želju, bit će puno lakše graditi vašu ideju. Kao treće, gradite vašu ideju, dio po dio, iz koncepata koje vaša publika već razumije. Upotrijebite moć jezika da povežete koncepte koji već postoje u umovima vaših slušatelja -- ali ne svoj jezik, njihov jezik. Počnite tamo gdje su oni. Govornici često zaborave da mnogi termini i koncepti s kojima žive potpuna su nepoznanica njihovoj publici. Metafore mogu imati ključnu ulogu u pokazivanju kako se dijelovi slažu jer otkrivaju željeni oblik uzorka na osnovi ideje koju slušatelj već razumije. Na primjer, kada je Jennifer Kahn htjela objasniti nevjerojatnu novu tehnologiju imena CRISPR, rekla je: "To je kao da prvi puta imate tekstualni procesor za uređivanje DNK-a. French: Si vous pouvez révéler une faille dans la vision du monde d'une personne, elle ressentira le besoin de combler ce manque de connaissance. Et une fois ce désir éveillé, ce sera beaucoup plus facile de commencer à développer votre idée. Trois : développez votre idée, par petits morceaux, hors des concepts que votre auditoire connaît déjà. Utilisez le pouvoir du langage pour tisser ensemble des concepts existants dans l'esprit des auditeurs mais pas votre langage, leur langage. Commencez où ils en sont. Les conférenciers oublient souvent que la plupart des termes et concepts qu'ils utilisent ne sont vraiment pas familiers pour leurs auditeurs. Les métaphores peuvent alors jouer un rôle crucial pour imbriquer les différents morceaux, car elles révèlent la forme définitive de l'idée, basée sur le fait que les auditeurs comprennent déjà. Par exemple, quand Jennifer Kahn veut expliquer ce qu'est l'incroyable nouvelle biotechnologie appelée CRISPR, elle dit : « C'est comme si, pour la première fois il existait un traitement de texte pour éditer d'ADN. Italian: Se potete rivelare uno scollegamento nella visione di qualcuno, sentirà la necessità di coprire quel buco. E una volta suscitato quel desiderio, sarà così più facile costruire la vostra idea. Tre, costruite la vostra idea, pezzo per pezzo, oltre i concetti che il pubblico già capisce. Usate il potere della lingua per tessere concetti che già esistono nella mente del pubblico -- ma non la vostra lingua, la loro lingua. Cominciate dove sono loro. Gli oratori spesso dimenticano che molti dei termini e concetti con cui convivono sono completamenti ignoti al pubblico. Le metafore giocano un ruolo essenziale nel mostrare come si montano i pezzi, perché rivelano la forma desiderata dello schema, basato su un'idea che l'ascoltatore già capisce. Per esempio, quando Jenniger Kahn voleva spiegare l'incredibile nuova biotecnologia chiamata CRISPR, ha detto, "È come se, per la prima volta, aveste un programma per modificare il DNA. iw: אם תצליחו לחשוף פער בהשקפת עולמו של מישהו, הוא יחוש בצורך לגשר על פער זה. ומעת שהצתתם צורך זה, יהיה לכם קל בהרבה להתחיל בבניית הרעיון שלכם. 3. בנו את הרעיון נדבך אחר נדבך, על יסוד תפישות שהקהל שלכם כבר מבין. השתמשו בכוחה של השפה לשזור יחד תפישות שכבר קיימות במוחותיהם של מאזיניכם -- אבל לא בשפתכם אלא בשפתם. התחילו מנקודת המוצא שלהם. מרצים מרבים לשכוח שרבים מהמונחים והתפישות השגורים על פיהם זרים לחלוטין לקהל שלהם. דימויים יכולים למלא תפקיד מכריע בהמחשת האופן בו הכל משתלב יחד, משום שהם מראים את צורתו הרצויה של הדפוס בהסתמך על רעיון שהמאזין כבר מבין. לדוגמה, כשג'ניפר קאן ביקשה להסביר את הביוטכנולוגיה המדהימה הקרויה "קריספר", היא אמרה: "זה כאילו שלראשונה "יש לנו מעבד תמלילים לעריכת דנ"א. Portuguese: Se conseguirem revelar uma desconexão na visão do mundo de alguém, eles vão sentir necessidade de fazer a ponte entre essa falha no conhecimento. Uma vez conseguida essa faísca do desejo, vai ser muito mais fácil começar a construir a vossa ideia. Três: construam a vossa ideia, bocadinho a bocadinho, a partir de conceitos que a audiência já compreende. Usem o poder da linguagem para entrelaçar conceitos existentes na mente dos vossos ouvintes mas não na vossa linguagem, na linguagem deles. Comecem onde eles estão. Os oradores esquecem-se frequentemente que muitos dos seus conceitos e termos são totalmente estranhos para a sua audiência. As metáforas podem ter um papel crucial em mostrar como as peças se encaixam, porque elas revelam a forma desejada do padrão, com base numa ideia que o ouvinte já compreende. Por exemplo, quando Jennifer Kahn quis explicar a incrível nova biotecnologia intitulada CRISPR, ela disse: "É como se, pela primeira vez, "tivessem um processador de texto para editar o ADN. Hungarian: Ha nincs meg a kapcsolat valakinek a világnézetével, akkor a kapcsolatot ki kell építeni. Ha felébresztettük bennük a vágyat ez iránt, akkor sokkal könnyebb a saját gondolatunkat felépíteni. Három: Lépésről-lépésre építkezzünk! Használjuk a közönség által már ismert elemeket. Használjuk a nyelv erejét a hallgatóság fejében már létező elemek összefűzésére! De ne a saját nyelvünket, hanem az övéket! Kezdjük a pillanatnyi helyzettel. Sokszor megfeledkezünk róla, hogy a számunkra mindennapos fogalmak teljesen ismeretlenek a közönség előtt. A hasonlatok jó hasznunkra lehetnek a darabok összeillesztésében, mert felvázolják a minta kívánt alakját, a hallgató által már birtokolt másik gondolatra építve. Például, amikor Jennifer Kahn el akarta magyarázni a CRISPR nevű új biotechnológiai eljárást, azt mondta: "Olyan ez, mintha lenne egy szövegszerkesztőnk a DNS szerkesztésére. German: Wenn Sie eine Lücke in jemandes Weltsicht aufdecken, hat dieser das Bedürfnis, diese Wissenslücke zu füllen. Haben Sie einmal dieses Verlangen entfacht, wird es viel einfacher sein, Ihre Idee aufzubauen. Drittens, bauen Sie Ihre Idee Stück für Stück auf den Konzepten auf, die Ihr Publikum bereits versteht. Nutzen Sie die Macht der Sprache, um Konzepte miteinander zu verflechten, die bereits in der Vorstellung der Zuhörer existieren -- aber nicht in Ihrer Sprache, sondern in deren. Man beginnt mit deren Stand der Dinge. Die Redner vergessen oft, dass viele der ihnen bekannten Begriffe und Konzepte ihrem Publikum völlig unbekannt sind. Metaphern können eine wesentliche Rolle spielen, indem sie zeigen, wie die Teile zusammenpassen, denn sie enthüllen die gewünschte Form des Musters, basierend auf einem Konzept, das der Zuhörer bereits versteht. Als beispielsweise Jennifer Kahn die unglaubliche, neue Biotechnologie CRISPR erklären wollte, sagte sie: "Das ist so, als hätte man erstmals ein Textverarbeitungsprogramm, um DNA zu bearbeiten. Chinese: 如果你可以點出 某人世界觀裡的一處斷點， 他們將會感到 有橋接知識斷層的必要。 一旦你點燃了這種慾望， 要開始建構你的理念 將會更加容易得多。 第三、按部就班建構出你的理念， 在聽眾原本就懂得的概念之上， 運用語言的力量 把早已存於聽眾內心的諸多概念 交織羅列在一塊兒， 但不是用你的語彙， 而是要用他們的語彙， 以觀眾的感受作為出發點， 講者常忘記他們習以為常的 諸多術語或概念 對聽眾而言是完全不熟稔的。 這時候，運用譬喻 在銜接內容上就極為重要了， 以觀眾已理解的概念為基礎來隱喻 能更清楚展現出你想要呈現的樣貌。 例如當珍妮佛．卡恩 想要說明前所未見的 生物科技 CRISPR 時， 她說：「這就好像第一次 你有了文字處理器來編寫 DNA， Portuguese: Se você conseguir revelar uma incoerência na visão de mundo de uma pessoa, ela sentirá a necessidade de preencher essa lacuna de conhecimento. Uma vez fomentado nela esse desejo, será bem mais fácil começar a tecer sua ideia. Terceiro: apresente sua ideia, parte por parte, a partir de conceitos que sua plateia já compreende. Use o poder da linguagem para costurar conceitos que já existem na mente dos ouvintes, mas não a sua linguagem; a linguagem deles. Comece com o que eles entendem. Os palestrantes esquecem que muitos dos termos e conceitos comuns para eles são completamente incomuns para sua plateia. Metáforas podem ser fundamentais em mostrar como as partes se encaixam, porque revelam o formato desejado do padrão, com base em uma ideia que o ouvinte já compreende. Por exemplo, quando Jennifer Kahn tentou explicar a incrível nova tecnologia chamada CRISPR, ela disse: "É como se, pela primeira vez, tivéssemos um processador de texto para editar o DNA. Galician: Se podedes revelar unha desconexión na visión do mundo de alguén, sentirán a necesidade de cubrir ese oco de coñecemento. E cando estala ese desexo é moito máis sinxelo comezar a construír a idea. Terceiro, constrúe a túa idea, peza a peza desde conceptos que a vosa audiencia coñece. Usade o poder da linguaxe para tecer xuntos conceptos que xa existen na mente de quen vos escoita pero non na vosa linguaxe, na súa linguaxe. Comezade onde están eles. Os relatores a miúdo esquecen que moitos termos e conceptos cos que conviven son completamente estraños para a súa audiencia. Ben, as metáforas xogan un rol crucial para mostrar como encaixan as pezas, porque revelan a forma desexada do padrón, baseándose nunha idea que quen escoita entende. Por exemplo, cando Jennifer Kahn quixo explicar a incrible nova biotecnoloxía chamada CRISPR, dixo: "É coma se, por primeira vez, tiverades un procesador de texto para editar ADN. Bulgarian: CRISPR позволява да премахвате и заменяте генетична информация наистина лесно." Е, кристално ясно обяснение като това ни носи удовлетворяващ "Аха!" момент, тъй като се намества точно на място в мозъка ни. Затова е важно да тествате речта си пред доверени приятели и да откриете кои части ги объркват. Четвърто, ето го последния ми съвет: Направете така, че идеята ви да си заслужава да бъде споделена. С това имам предвид да си зададете въпроса: "Кого облагодетелства тази идея?" И трябва да бъдете честен в отговора. Ако идеята служи само на вас или на вашата организация, тогава - съжалявам да го кажа - вероятно не заслужава да бъде споделена. Публиката веднага ще прозре истинските ви намерения. Но ако вярвате, че идеята ви има потенциала да озари деня на някого или да промени нечия гледна точка към по-добро, или да вдъхнови някого да направи нещо различно, тогава разполагате с основната съставка за една истински завладяваща дискусия, такава, която да бъде подарък за публиката и за всички нас. Korean: CRISPR은 유전 정보를 매우 쉽게 자르고 붙일 수 있게 해줍니다." 이런 생생한 설명은 만족스러운 깨달음의 순간을 가져다줍니다. 우리 머릿속에 착 달라붙으면서요. 그렇기에 절친한 친구들을 대상으로 강연을 해보고 어느 부분에서 헷갈려하는지 알아내는 것이 중요합니다. 마지막 네 번째 비결입니다. 여러분의 아이디어를 공유할 가치가 있도록 만드세요. 이 질문을 해보세요. "이 아이디어가 누구에게 이익이 되는가?" 진솔하게 답하셔야 합니다. 여러분이나 여러분의 조직에만 이익이 되는 아이디어라면 죄송하지만 공유할 가치가 없는 아이디어일 겁니다. 청중들은 속내를 꿰뚫어 볼 거예요. 하지만 다른 이들의 삶을 나아지게 하거나 사람들의 관점을 더 나은 방향으로 변화시키거나 다르게 행동할 계기를 마련해주는 가능성이 있는 아이디어라고 생각하신다면 진정으로 훌륭한 강연을 만들 수 있는 핵심 재료를 갖고 계신 겁니다. 우리 모두에게 선물이 될 수 있는 강연말입니다. Lithuanian: CRISPR leidžia labai paprastai iškirpti ir įklijuoti genetinę informaciją.“ Tokie spalvingi paaiškinimai suteikia pasitenkinimo kupiną „aha“ jausmą kai nauja mintis susiranda vietą mūsų protuose. Todėl labai svarbu išbandyti tavo kalbą pristatant ją patikimiems draugams ir sužinoti, kurios jos dalys jiems neaiškios. Ketvirta, štai paskutinis patarimas: Padarykite, kad jūsų idėja būtų verta dalintis. Turiu omeny, klauskite savęs: „Kam ši idėja naudinga?“ Ir reikia būti atviriems tai atsakant. Jei idėja naudinga tik jums ar jūsų organizacijai, tada, labai gaila, bet ja greičiausiai neverta dalintis. Publika iškart tai supras. Bet jei tikite, kad idėja turi potencialo praskaidrinti kažkieno dieną ar pakeisti į gera kažkieno požiūrį ar kažką įkvėpti ką nors daryti kitaip, tada turite esminį ingredientą tikrai puikiai kalbai, kalbai, kuri bus dovana jiems ir mums visiems. Galician: O CRISPS permite cortar e pegar información xenética moi facilmente." Ben, unha explicación gráfica como esta ofrece un gran momento de clarificación mentres encaixa na nosa mente. É importante, polo tanto, probar a charla con amigos de confianza, e ver que partes atopan máis confusas. Cuarto. Aquí vai o consello final: Fai que as túas ideas merezan ser compartidas. Con isto quero dicir que te fagas esta pregunta: "A quen beneficia esta idea?" E preciso que sexades honestos coa resposta. Se a idea só vos beneficia a vós e á vosa organización, entón, sinto dicilo, probablemente non mereza a pena ser compartida. A audiencia verá a través de vós. Pero se credes que a idea ten o potencial de iluminarlle o día a alguén ou de cambiar a perspectiva de alguén para mellor ou de inspirar alguén para facer as cousas doutro xeito, entón tedes o ingrediente esencial para unha charla boa de verdade, unha que pode ser un regalo para eles e para todos nós. Albanian: CRISPR ju lejon te prisni/ngjisni informacionet gjenetike me shumë lehtësi. Një shpjegim i gjallë si ky sjell një moment qartësimi bile të ngulet në mëndje. Eshtë e rëndësishme që ti testosh fjalimet me miq të besuar, dhe të zbulosh momentet ku ata duken të konfuzuar. E katërta, kjo është e fundit: Gjeni nje ide që ia vlen të shpërndahet. Dua të them, bëni pyetjen vetes: "Kush do përfitojë nga kjo ide?" Dhe duhet të jeni i sinqertë me pergjigjen. Nëse idea ju shërben vetëm ju ose vetëm organizatës suaj, atëherë, më vjen keq, por ndoshta nuk ia vlen të shpërndahet. Publiku do ta kuptojë menjëherë. Por, nëse besoni që ideja ka mundësi të ndricojë ditën e dikujt apo të ndryshojë për më mirë të ardhmen e dikujt apo të frymëzojë dikë të bëjë diçka ndryshe, atëherë ju keni përbërësin kryesor për një fjalim vërtet të fuqishëm që është një dhuratë për publikun dhe për të gjithë ne. English: CRISPR allows you to cut and paste genetic information really easily." Now, a vivid explanation like that delivers a satisfying aha moment as it snaps into place in our minds. It's important, therefore, to test your talk on trusted friends, and find out which parts they get confused by. Four, here's the final tip: Make your idea worth sharing. By that I mean, ask yourself the question: "Who does this idea benefit?" And I need you to be honest with the answer. If the idea only serves you or your organization, then, I'm sorry to say, it's probably not worth sharing. The audience will see right through you. But if you believe that the idea has the potential to brighten up someone else's day or change someone else's perspective for the better or inspire someone to do something differently, then you have the core ingredient to a truly great talk, one that can be a gift to them and to all of us. Portuguese: O CRISPR permite copiar e colar informações de forma muito fácil". Uma explicação clara como essa gera um momento satisfatório de descoberta quando faz sentido em nossa mente. Então, é importante testar sua palestra com amigos em quem confie e descobrir que partes dela eles não entendem bem. Quarta e última dica: faça com que valha a pena compartilhar sua ideia. Quero dizer, pergunte a si mesmo: "Quem essa ideia beneficia?" É preciso que você seja sincero na resposta. Se a ideia for proveitosa apenas pra você ou para sua empresa, lamento dizer, mas provavelmente não vale a pena compartilhá-la. A plateia vai ignorá-lo. Porém, se você acredita que a ideia tem o potencial de iluminar o dia de alguém, de mudar para melhor a perspectiva de alguém ou de inspirar alguém a fazer algo de forma diferente, aí sim você tem o ingrediente principal para dar uma ótima palestra, que será um presente para a plateia e pra todos nós. Ukrainian: CRISPR дає вам змогу дуже легко вирізати й вставити генетичну інформацію". Після такого яскравого пояснення все відразу стає зрозумілим, усе в голові стає на свої місця. Варто випробувати свою промову на перевірених друзях і визначити, які частини здаються їм заплутаними. І четверта, остання порада: Зробіть вашу ідею вартою поширення. Тобто запитайте себе: "Які переваги у цієї ідеї?" Я хочу, щоб ви чесно відповіли на це запитання. Якщо ідея служить тільки вам чи вашій організації, тоді, на жаль, вона не варта того, щоб нею ділитись. Публіка буде дивитись крізь вас. Та якщо ви вірите, що ваша ідея здатна поліпшити чиєсь життя, змінити на краще чиєсь майбутнє, чи надихнути когось зробити щось по-іншому, тоді ви маєте ключовий інгредієнт для справді чудової промови, і це буде чудовим подарунком для них і для всіх нас. Croatian: CRISPR omogućuje da izrežete i zalijepite genetske informacije na jednostavan način." Sad, takvo živopisno objašnjenje uzrokuje zadovoljavajući aha trenutak kada sjedne na mjesto u našim umovima. Tako da je važno testirati vaš govor na prijateljima od povjerenja i saznati na kojem dijelu se zbune. Kao četvrto, i ovo je posljednji naputak: Neka vaša ideja bude vrijedna širenja. Kad to kažem, želim reći da se zapitate: "Kome ova ideja čini dobro?" I morate biti iskreni s odgovorom. Ako ideja služi samo vama ili vašoj organizaciji, onda, žao mi je, ali vjerojatno nije vrijedna širenja. Publika će vidjeti kroz vas. Ali ako vjerujete da ideja ima potencijal da uljepša nečiji dan ili da promijeni nečiju perspektivu na bolje ili da inspirira nekog da nešto napravi drugačije, onda imate osnovni sastojak zaista odličnog govora, jednog koji može biti dar njima i svima nama. Persian: CRISPR به شما اجازه می‌دهد تا اطلاعات ژنتیکی را به سادگی ببرید و بچسبانید." حالا٬ یک توضیح روشن مثل این به محض اینکه در جای خود در ذهن ما بچسبد٬ آن لحظه‌ی رضایت بخش دانستن را القا می‌کند. بنابراین مهم است که سخنرانی خود را با دوستان قابل اعتمادتان امتحان کنید٬ و قسمت‌هایی که آنها را سردرگم می‌کند را پیدا کنید. چهار٬ این نکته آخر است: کاری کنید که ایده‌تان ارزش به اشتراک گذاشتن داشته باشد. منظورم این است که٬ از خودتان بپرسید: "این ایده به چه کسی سود می‌رساند؟" و لازم است که با خودتان رو راست باشید. اگر آن ایده فقط به شما یا سازمان شما خدمت می‌کند٬ پس٬ متاسفم که می‌گویم٬ احتمالا ارزش به اشتراک گذاشتن ندارد. شنوندگان به راحتی شما را نادیده می‌گیرند. اما اگر فکر می‌کنید که آن ایده می‌تواند روز کس دیگری را هم روشن کند یا نگرش کس دیگری را بهتر کند یا برای کسی در انجام کاری به روشی دیگر الهام بخش باشد٬ آن وقت شما لازمه اصلی یک سخنرانی واقعا عالی را دارید٬ که می‌تواند هدیه‌ای به آنها و به همه ما باشد. Czech: CRISPR umožňuje velmi snadno kopírovat a vkládat genetické informace.“ Takové barvité vysvětlení vede k uspokojivému „aha!“, se kterým informace zapadne na správné místo. Je proto důležité, abyste svou řeč nacvičili na přátelích, kterým věříte, abyste odhalili, která místa publikum matou. Za čtvrté, to je poslední tip: Ať je vaše myšlenka hodná šíření. Tím chci říct, zeptejte se sami sebe: „Komu tato myšlenka prospěje?“ A chci, abyste k sobě s odpovědí byli upřímní. Pokud myšlenka prospěje jen vám nebo vaší společnosti, je mi líto, ale nejspíše moc hodná šíření není. A publikum vás prokoukne. Pokud však věříte, že vaše myšlenka má potenciál někomu rozjasnit den nebo změnit něčí vyhlídky k lepšímu nebo někoho inspirovat, aby něco dělali jinak, pak jste našli klíčovou složku opravdu skvělé přednášky, která může být darem pro ně i pro nás všechny. Thai: CRISPR ช่วยให้คุณตัดและวาง ข้อมูลทางพันธุกรรมได้ง่ายมาก" นี่ล่ะครับ คำอธิบายที่แจ่มแจ้งแบบนี้ ทำให้เกิดวินาทีปิ๊งแว๊บ เมื่อความคิดนั้นวิ่งเข้าไปอยู่เป็นที่เป็นทาง ในสมองของเรา มันจึงสำคัญมาก ที่คุณต้องทดลอง กล่าวปาฐกถาให้เพื่อนที่ไว้ใจได้ฟัง และค้นหาว่าส่วนไหนที่ทำให้เขาสับสน สี่ นี่คือเทคนิคสุดท้าย ทำให้ความคิดของคุณ มีค่าควรแก่การเผยแพร่ ซึ่งผมหมายถึง ให้คุณถามตัวเองว่า "ใครจะได้ประโยชน์จากความคิดนี้" และขอให้คุณตอบอย่างซื่อสัตย์ จริงใจ ถ้าความคิดนั้นเป็นประโยชน์ แค่กับคุณ หรือองค์กรของคุณ ผมเสียใจด้วยนะ ที่ต้องบอกว่า มันคงไม่มีค่าควรแก่การเผยแพร่ ผู้ฟังเขาดูเจตนาคุณออกครับ แต่ถ้าคุณเชื่อว่าความคิดนั้นมีศักยภาพ ที่จะทำให้วันของใครสักคนสดใสขึ้น หรือเปลี่ยนมุมมองของผู้คนไปในทางที่ดีขึ้น หรือบันดาลใจให้ใครสักคน ทำอะไรที่แตกต่าง นั่นคือคุณมีส่วนผสมหลัก ของปาฐกถาที่ยอดเยี่ยม ที่จะเป็นของขวัญแก่ผู้ฟัง และพวกเราทุกคนแล้ว Indonesian: melakukan "cut & paste" informasi genetik. Penjelasan gamblang seperti itu menciptakan momen 'aha' yang memuaskan ketika ide tersebut dicerna oleh otak kita. Jadi penting untuk menguji presentasi Anda dengan teman yang Anda percayai, untuk mengetahui bagian mana yang membuat mereka bingung. Empat, tip terakhir: Buat ide Anda layak untuk dibagikan. Yang saya maksudkan adalah, tanyakan pada diri Anda: "Siapa yang diuntungkan oleh ide ini?" Dan saya ingin Anda jujur menjawab pertanyaan ini. JIka ide Anda hanya menguntungkan Anda atau organisasi Anda, maaf saja, mungkin ide Anda tidak layak dibagi. Pendengar akan melihat niat Anda. Tapi jika Anda percaya bahwa ide ini berpotensi untuk mencerahkan hari seseorang atau mengubah sudut pandang seseorang menjadi lebih baik atau menginspirasi seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu secara berbeda, Anda sudah mempunyai resep inti untuk membuat presentasi hebat, yang bisa menjadi hadiah untuk para pendengar dan kita semua. Swedish: CRISPR tillåter dig att klippa och klistra genetisk information riktigt enkelt." Så, en målande förklaring som den ger ett tillfredställande aha-ögonblick när den faller på plats i våra medvetanden. Det är därför viktigt att testa ditt föredrag på pålitliga vänner och ta reda på vilka delar de blir förvirrade av. Fyra: här är det sista tipset: Gör din idé värd att spridas. Med det menar jag, fråga dig själv: "Vem får nytta av den här idén?" Och du måste vara ärlig mot dig själv när du svarar. Om idén bara är till nytta för dig eller din organisation, så måste jag tyvärr säga att den antagligen inte är värd att dela. Publiken kommer att se rakt igenom dig. Men om du tror att idén har potentialen att förgylla någon annans dag, eller ändra någons perspektiv till det bättre, eller inspirera någon att göra något annorlunda, då har du grundingrediensen till ett verkligen fantastiskt föredrag ett som kan bli en gåva till dem och till oss alla. Arabic: CRISPR يتيح لك أن تقوم بقص ولصق المعلومات الوراثية بكل سهولة" تقدم شرح حي كهذا يقدم لحظة فهم فورية حيث ترسخ المعلومة في أذهاننا بكل يسر. لذلك، من الأهمية بمكان أن تختبر نص حديثك مع أصدقائك المقربين وأن تتعرف على الأجزاء التي تسببت في إرباكهم وتشتتهم. رابعا، وهذه هي النصيحة الأخيرة: إجعل من فكرتك جديرة بالمشاركة. ما أعنية بذلك هو أن تطرح على نفسك سؤالاً: "هذه الفكرة، ستعود بالنفع على من؟" وأحتاجك لأن تكون صادقا في إجابتك. إن كانت الفكرة تخدمك أنت أو شركتك سأضطر آسفا أن أقول أنها غير جديرة بالمشاركة. سيتمكن الجمهور من أن يكتشفوا حقيقة الأمر. لكن إن كنت تؤمن أن فكرتك قد تكون قادرة على أن تجعل من يوم شخص ما أفضل أو تغير نظرة شخص ما لتكون إيجابية أو أن تلهم أحدهم على القيام بأمر ما بطريقة مختلفة، فأنت تمتلك العنصر الأساسي لتقديم حديث مميز حديث يكون بمثابة الهدية للحضور ولنا جميعاً. Modern Greek (1453-): Το CRISPR σας επιτρέπει να κόψετε και να επικολλήσετε εύκολα γενετική πληροφορία». Τώρα, μια ζωντανή εξήγηση σαν κι αυτήν προσφέρει μια ικανοποιητική στιγμή καθώς έρχεται και «κουμπώνει» στο μυαλό μας. Όμως είναι σημαντικό, να τεστάρετε την ομιλία σας σε φίλους που εμπιστεύεστε, και να βρείτε ποια κομμάτια τους μπερδεύουν. Τέσσερα, η τελική συμβουλή: Κάντε την ιδέα σας να αξίζει να διαδοθεί. Με αυτό εννοώ, αναρωτηθείτε: «Ποιος επωφελείται από αυτή την ιδέα;» Και θέλω να είστε ειλικρινείς με την απάντηση. Αν η ιδέα εξυπηρετεί μόνο εσάς ή τον οργανισμό σας, τότε, λυπάμαι που το λέω, μάλλον δεν αξίζει να διαδοθεί. Το κοινό θα το καταλάβει. Αλλά αν πιστεύετε ότι η ιδέα έχει τη δυνατότητα να φωτίσει την ημέρα κάποιου άλλου, ή να αλλάξει προς το καλύτερο την οπτική γωνία κάποιου, ή να εμπνεύσει κάποιον να κάνει κάτι διαφορετικά, τότε έχετε τα κύρια συστατικά για μια πραγματικά σπουδαία ομιλία, μία που μπορεί να είναι ένα δώρο γι' αυτούς και για όλους εμάς. Kazakh: CRISPR гендік ақпараттарды оп-оңай қиюға және қоюға мүмкіндік береді." Енді, осы секілді анық түсіндірме арқылы қанағаттырарлық сәттер, санамызда өз орнын табады. Баяндамаңызды сенімді достарыңызға тексерту және қай бөлім оларды шатастырады, осыны білу өте маңызды. Төртінші, бұл соңғы кеңес: Идеяңызды бөлісуге тұрарлықтай етіңіз. Бұл дегеніміз, өзіңізге сұрақ қойыңыз: "Бұл идеяның кімге пайдасы бар?" Және мен сізге шынайы жауап беруге тиіспін. Егер идея тек сізді және ұйымыңызға пайдалы болса, онда кешіріңіз, бұл идея таратуға тұрарлық емес. Көрермен шындықты сіз арқылы көреді. Бірақ егер идеяңыз өзге біреудің күнін жақсартуға немесе келешегін жақсыға өзгертуге немесе ерекше дүние жасауға жігерлендіруге әлеуеті барына сенсеңіз, онда шынайы үлкен баяндама жасау үшін негізгі ингредиентке иесіз, бұл өз кезегінде көрермендер мен бізге сыйлық болып табылады. French: Le CRISPR nous permet de copier-coller les données génétiques très facilement. » Une explication vivante comme cela offre un moment de grande satisfaction alors que cela se met en place dans nos esprits. Il est donc important de tester votre discours sur des amis de confiance et trouver les moments où cela leur paraît confus. Quatre, le dernier point : trouvez une idée qui vaille la peine d'être partagée. Ce que je veux dire c'est posez-vous la question : « À qui va profiter cette idée ? » Et vous devez être honnête quant à la réponse. Si l'idée ne profite qu'à vous ou à votre organisation, alors, désolé, mais elle ne vaut probablement pas la peine d'être partagée. L'auditoire verra clair dans votre jeu. Mais si vous croyez que votre idée a la possibilité d'illuminer la journée de quelqu'un d'autre, de changer en mieux les perspectives d'une personne ou de motiver quelqu'un à faire quelque chose différemment, alors vous avez l'élément central pour un grand discours efficace, de ceux qui peuvent être un cadeau pour eux et pour chacun d'entre nous. Portuguese: "O CRISPR permite-vos cortar e colar informação genética, muito facilmente." Uma explicação tão vívida como aquela dá-nos um momento satisfatório de "aha!" enquanto se infiltra nas nossas mentes. É importante, contudo, testar a vossa apresentação com amigos de confiança, e descobrir em que partes é que ficaram confusos. Quatro: aqui está a dica final. Façam com que a vossa ideia mereça ser partilhada. Com isto quero dizer, interroguem-se: "Quem beneficia com esta ideia?" É preciso que sejam honestos com a resposta. Se a ideia apenas servir a vocês ou à vossa organização, lamento dizer, talvez não mereça ser partilhada. A audiência vai logo aperceber-se disso. Mas se acreditarem que a ideia tem potencial de iluminar o dia de outra pessoa ou de mudar para melhor a perspetiva de outra pessoa, ou inspirar alguém a fazer algo de forma diferente, têm o ingrediente-chave para uma palestra realmente fantástica, que poderá ser um presente para eles e para todos nós. Dutch: Met CRISPR kan je genetische informatie heel eenvoudig knippen en plakken." Zo'n levendig verhaal levert een bevredigende aha-ervaring op wanneer het zijn plaats vindt in ons brein. Daarom moet je je talk uittesten bij vrienden die je vertrouwt en moet je uitvissen op welk moment ze in de war raken. Vier, hier is mijn finale tip: zorg dat je idee het delen waard is. Ik bedoel daarmee, stel jezelf de vraag: "Wie komt dit idee ten goede?" Je moet een eerlijk antwoord geven. Als het idee alleen jezelf of je organisatie ten goede komt, dan spijt het me, maar dan is het wellicht het verspreiden niet waard. Het publiek zal dwars door je heen kijken. Maar als je gelooft dat het idee het potentieel heeft om iemands dag op te fleuren of iemands perspectief ten goede te keren, of om iemand te inspireren om iets anders aan te pakken, dan heb je het hoofdbestanddeel van een waarlijk fantastische talk, die een geschenk kan zijn voor hen en voor elk van ons. Serbian: CRISPR van omogućava da veoma lako sečete i lepite genetske informacije.“ Tako slikovito objašnjenje dovodi do zadovoljavajućeg „aha“ trenutka kad klikne na svoje mesto u našem mozgu. Stoga je važno da svoj govor testirate na svojim prijateljima, da otkrijete koji delovi ih zbunjuju. Četvrto, ovo je poslednji savet: neka vaša ideja bude vredna širenja. To znači da postavite sebi pitanje: „Kome ova ideja koristi?“ Budite iskreni u svom odgovoru. Ako ideja služi samo vama ili vašoj organizaciji, onda, žao mi je, verovatno nije vredna širenja. Publika će vas prozreti. Međutim, ako verujete da ta ideja ima potencijala da nekome ulepša dan, da nekome na bolje promeni shvatanje ili inspiriše nekoga da nešto uradi drugačije, onda imate ključni sastojak za zaista dobar govor, koji može biti dar svima nama. Slovak: CRISPR umožňuje jednoducho odstrihnúť a prilepiť genetickú informáciu.“ Takýto jasný opis má želaný efekt, pretože sa zapíše do našej mysle. Je preto dôležité vyskúšať si svoju prednášku na blízkych priateľoch, aby ste zistili, ktoré časti im nie sú jasné. Po štvrté, posledná rada: Uistite sa, že vaša myšlienka je hodná šírenia. Tým myslím, opýtajte sa sami seba: „Komu táto myšlienka pomôže?“ A buďte úprimní. Ak má myšlienka cenu len pre vás, alebo vašu spoločnosť, potom, bohužiaľ, pravdepodobne nie je hodná šírenia. Publikum to hneď odhalí. Ale ak veríte, že vaša myšlienka má potenciál pomôcť niekomu inému alebo zmeniť niečiu perspektívu k lepšiemu, alebo inšpirovať niekoho spraviť niečo inak, potom máte správnu ingredienciu na skutočne úžasné prednášku, takú, ktorá môže byť darom pre nich a pre nás všetkých. Chinese: CRISPR 讓你可以輕易地 剪下、貼上基因資料。」 這時候像這樣活靈活現的解說 產生令人滿意的茅塞頓開時刻， 讓人一點就懂。 因此找信任的朋友排練內容， 並找出讓他們困惑的部份很重要。 最後，第四點、 讓你的理念值得分享。 也就是問你自己： 「這個理念造福到什麼人？」 我希望你們誠實以對。 如果該理念只受用於你或你的組織， 那麼我很抱歉，它大概不值得分享， 聽眾很快就會看透你。 但如果你相信這個理念有潛力， 可以點亮他人的一天， 或是改善他人的觀念， 又或者激發他人改變作法， 然後你就有了精采演講的核心要素， 可以帶給觀眾以及所有人一些收穫。 Romanian: CRISPR vă permite să tăiaţi şi să lipiţi informaţia genetică foarte uşor.” Acum, o explicaţie vie ca aceasta oferă un moment „a-ha” satisfăcător pentru că se pliază pe o zonă a minţii noastre. De aceea e important să testaţi discursul pe prieteni de încredere şi să descoperiţi care părţi nu le înţeleg. Patru, pontul final: Faceţi ca ideea voastră să merite să fie împărtăşită Adică întrebaţi-vă: „Pe cine ajută această idee?” Şi trebuie să fiţi sinceri când vă răspundeţi. Dacă ideea vă e utilă doar vouă sau organizaţiei voastre, atunci, regret să vă spun, probabil nu merită împărtăşită. Auditoriul va vedea prin voi. Dar dacă credeţi că ideea are potenţialul să lumineze ziua altcuiva, sau să schimbe în bine perspectiva cuiva, sau să inspire pe cineva să facă un lucru altfel, atunci aveţi ingredientul de bază pentru un discurs cu adevărat grozav, unul care poate fi un dar pentru ei şi pentru noi toţi. Russian: CRISPR позволяет легко копировать и вставлять генетическую информацию». Такое яркое объяснение, уложившись в нашем уме, приносит желанное озарение. Следовательно, важно опробовать вашу речь на близких друзьях и понять, какие части доклада кажутся им непонятными. И, в-четвёртых, заключительный совет: пусть ваша идея будет достойной распространения. Я имею в виду, спроси́те себя: «Кому будет полезна эта идея?» Но будьте честны, отвечая на этот вопрос. Если идея служит только вам и вашей организации, мне жаль, но, вероятно, её вряд ли стóит распространять. Аудиторию не проведёшь. Но если вы верите, что у вашей идеи есть потенциал улучшить чью-то жизнь, расширить чей-то кругозор или вдохновить кого-то что-то изменить, тогда у вас есть ключевой ингредиент по-настоящему сильного выступления, которое станет подарком для всех нас. Spanish: CRISPR permite cortar y pegar la información genética muy fácilmente". Una explicación tan gráfica como esa crea un momento ajá conforme se forma en la mente. Es importante, por lo tanto, probar la charla con personas de confianza y averiguar qué partes resultan confusas. Y el cuarto, este es el consejo final: Hagan que valga la pena compartir la idea. Con eso me refiero a que se pregunten: "¿A quién beneficia esta idea?" Y necesito que la respuesta sea honesta. Si la idea solo les sirve a Uds. o a su organización, entonces, lo siento, quizá no valga la pena difundirla. El público lo notará en Uds. Pero si Uds. creen que la idea tiene el potencial para alegrarle el día a alguien o cambiar la perspectiva de otra persona para mejor, o inspirar a alguien a hacer algo de manera diferente, entonces tienen el ingrediente central para una charla genial, que puede ser un regalo para ellos y para todos nosotros. German: Mit CRISPR kann man Erbinformation ganz einfach ausschneiden und einfügen." Solch eine lebhafte Erklärung schafft einen befriedigenden Aha-Moment, wenn sie im Kopf an die richtige Stelle gelangt. Daher ist es wichtig, den Vortrag vor guten Freunden zu testen, um herauszufinden, welche Teile sie verwirrt. Viertens, der letzte Tipp: Machen Sie aus Ihrer Idee etwas Verbreitungswürdiges. Sie sollten sich also selbst die Frage stellen: "Wem nutzt diese Idee etwas?" Beantworten Sie die Frage ehrlich! Wenn nur Sie oder Ihre Organisation etwas von der Idee haben, dann ist sie bedauerlicherweise nicht wert, verbreitet zu werden. Das Publikum wird Sie durchschauen. Aber wenn Sie glauben, die Idee hat das Potenzial, jemandes Tag zu erhellen, jemandes Sicht zum Besseren zu ändern oder jemanden zu inspirieren, etwas anders zu machen, dann haben Sie die Hauptzutat für einen wirklich großartigen Vortrag -- eine, die ein Geschenk für Ihre Zuhörer und uns alle sein kann. Norwegian: Med CRISPR er det veldig enkelt å klippe og lime genetisk informasjon." En slik levende forklaring fremkaller et tilfredsstillende aha-øyeblikk idet det ramler på plass i hjernen vår. Derfor er det viktig å teste foredraget ditt på venner, og finne ut av hvilke deler som forvirrer dem. 4. Her kommer det siste tipset: Se til at din idé er verdt å deles. Jeg mener, spør deg selv: "Hvem tjener på denne ideen?" Og du må svare ærlig. Hvis bare du eller din organisasjon tjener på ideen, er den dessverre sannsynligvis ikke verdt å dele. Publikum vil gjennomskue deg tvert. Men hvis du tror at ideen har potensiale til å lyse opp noen annen sin dag, eller til å endre noen sitt perspektiv til det bedre, eller til å inspirere noen til å gjøre noe annerledes, så har du kjerne-ingrediensen til et virkelig flott foredrag, som kan være en gave til dem og til oss alle. Italian: CRISPR permette di tagliare e incollare informazioni genetiche molto facilmente." Una spiegazioni chiara come questa fornisce un momento di chiarimento mentre si aggancia alla nostra mente. È importante, quindi, testare i vostri interventi su amici fidati, e scoprire quali parti li confondono. Quattro, il consiglio finale: fate in modo che le vostre idee meritino di essere condivise. Con questo intendo, chiedetevi: "Chi trae vantaggio da questa idea?" Voglio che siate onesti con la risposta. Se l'idea serve solo a voi o alla vostra organizzazione, mi spiace dirlo, probabilmente non merita di essere condivisa. Il pubblico vi vedrà dentro. Ma se credete che l'idea ha il potenziale di illuminare la giornata di qualcuno o cambiare la prospettiva di qualcuno in meglio o ispirare qualcuno a fare le cose diversamente, allora avete l'ingrediente principale per un intervento veramente fantastico, che può essere un grande regalo per loro e per tutti noi. Marathi: CRISPR हा जनुकीय माहिती सोपी पद्धतीने कट पेस्ट करू शकतो. असे वेगळे स्पष्टीकरण समाधान करते आपल्या मनात त्याचा अर्थ ठसविते. त्यसाठी तुम्ही तुमच्या खास मित्रांना प्रथम व्याख्यान द्या. आणि शोध कोणत्या बाबी त्याना नाही समजल्या. चार शेवटची बाब तुमची कल्पना ही प्रसारा योग्य हवी त्यसाठी स्वतःला प्रश्न करा कोणास या विचारांचा फायदा मिळेल? तुम्ही त्य उत्तरासाठी प्रामाणिक पणे सज्ज असले पाहिजे तो विचार फक्त तुमच्या वा तुमच्या संघटनेसाठी असेल तर तर तो विचार उपयुक्त नाही. श्रोते तुमच्या दृष्टीकोनातून पाहतील पण जर तुम्हाला वाटत असेल आपला हा विचार एखाद्यास एके दिवशी उपयुक्त ठरेल किवा त्याचे इवन भविष्य सुखकर करेल किवा प्रेरणा देईल वेगळे काही करण्याची तर समजा तुमचे व्याख्यानात सर्व काही आहे व ती श्रोत्यांना एक अलौकिक देणगी वाटेल. Burmese: CRISPR က သင့်ကို မျိုးရိုးဗီဇ အချက်အလက် ကို အလွယ်တကူ ဖြတ်လို့၊ ကပ်လို့ရစေတယ်။ ကဲ ဒီလိုရှင်းလင်းတဲ့ ရှင်းလင်းချက်ဟာ စိတ်တွေထဲကို ဖျတ်ကနဲ ဝင်လာခိုက်မှာ ကျေနပ်စရာ ဟောကနဲဖြစ်စေတဲ့ အချက်ပါ။ ဒါကြောင့် ဟောပြောချက်ကို ယုံကြည်ရတဲ့ မိတ်ဆွေတွေမှာ စမ်းသပ်ဖို့၊ ဘယ်အပိုင်းတွေက ဘာတွေက သူတို့စိတ်ရှုပ်စေတယ် ဆိုတာ ရှာဖို့ အရေးကြီးတယ်။ လေး။ ဒါကတော့ နောက်ဆုံး အကြံပေးချက်ပါ၊ သင့်စိတ်ကူးကို မျှဝေထိုက်အောင် လုပ်ပါ။ ကျွန်တော်ဆိုလိုတာက သင့်ကိုယ်သင် မေးလိုက်ပါ၊ "ဒီစိတ်ကူးက ဘယ်သူ့ကို အကျိုးဖြစ်စေလဲ။ အဖြေနဲ့ ပတ်သက်ပြီး ရိုးသားဖို့တော့ လိုပါတယ်။ စိတ်ကူးက သင်နဲ့ သင့်အဖွဲအစည်းကိုပဲ ဖြည့်ဆည်းပေးတယ်ဆိုရင် ပြောရတာ စိတ်တော့ မကောင်းဘူးဗျာ၊ ဒါဟာ မမျှဝေထိုက်ပါဘူး။ ပရိတ်သတ်က သင်ကနေပဲ မြင်ရမှာပါ။ ဒါပေမဲ့ ဒီစိတ်ကူးဟာ အခြားတစ်ဦးရဲ့ နေ့ကို တောက်ပဖို့၊ တခြားတစ်ဦးရဲ့အမြင်ကိုပိုကောင်းတဲ့ဘက်ကို ပြောင်းဖို့၊ တစ်ဦးဦးကို တစ်ခုခု ထူးခြားစွာ လုပ်ဖို့ စေ့ဆော်ဖို့ အလားအလာရှိတယ်လို့ သင် ယုံကြည်ရင်တော့ သင့်မှာ တကယ့် ပြောင်မြောက်တဲ့ ဟောပြောချက်ရဲ့ အဓိက အင်္ဂါရပ် ရှိပါတယ်။ သူတို့နဲ့ ကျွန်တော်တို့အားလုံးအတွက် လက်ဆောင် ဖြစ်နိုင်လို့ပါ။ Chinese: CRISPR能让你十分轻松的 剪切和粘贴基因组信息。” 就这样，一个生动的描述， 让我们恍然大悟， 并且深深地印在了我们的脑海里。 在信任的朋友面前 试讲一下是很关键的， 你可以找出他们 听不懂的地方（加以修改）。 第四条，也是最后一条： 确定你的想法值得分享。 我的意思是，扪心自问： “这个想法对谁有好处？” 你需要实事求是。 如果这个想法只服务于你或者你的组织， 那么对不起，它也许不值得分享。 观众也马上能发现这一点。 但如果你认为自己的想法 有可能照亮他人的人生， 或者改善他人的观点， 或者激励他人去改变， 那么你就拥有了 一篇精彩演讲的核心元素， 所有人都会因此受益。 Vietnamese: CRISPR cho phép bạn "cắt" và "dán" thông tin di truyền rất dễ dàng." Một lời giải thích sinh động như vậy sẽ tạo ra khoảnh khắc "aha!" rất thoả mãn ngay khi nó nhảy vào đúng vị trí của não bộ ta. Vì vậy, việc thử diễn thuyết với một người bạn đáng tin rất quan trọng, và tìm ra những điểm mà họ còn mơ hồ. Bốn, đây là lời khuyên cuối cùng: Khiến ý tưởng của bạn đáng được chia sẻ. Nói cách khác, tự hỏi bản thân bạn câu hỏi: "Ý tưởng này sẽ có lợi với ai?" Và tôi muốn bạn phải thành thật khi trả lời. Nếu ý tưởng ấy chỉ phục vụ bạn hay tổ chức của bạn, thì, tôi rất tiếc, nhưng chúng không cần phải được chia sẻ. Thính giả sẽ nhận ra ngay. Nhưng nếu bạn tin rằng ý tưởng ấy tiềm tàng khả năng thắp sáng một ngày của ai đó hoặc thay đổi quan điểm của ai đó theo hướng tích cực hoặc truyền cảm hứng cho ai đó thay đổi, thì bạn đã nắm được công thức cốt yếu của một bài diễn thuyết tuyệt vời, bài diễn thuyết có thể là món quà cho thính giả và tất cả chúng ta. Polish: CRISPR pozwala łatwo wyciąć i wkleić informacje genetyczne". Dzięki obrazowemu przedstawieniu doznajemy olśnienia, i wszystko wskakuje na swoje miejsce. Dlatego warto poćwiczyć prelekcję na zaufanych przyjaciołach i sprawdzić, które fragmenty są niejasne. Czwarty i ostatni punkt. Postaraj się, żeby idea była warta rozpowszechnienia. Zadaj sobie pytanie. "Komu służy ta idea?" Uczciwie odpowiedz na to pytanie. Jeśli idea służy tylko tobie lub twojej organizacji, niestety, ale prawdopodobnie nie warto jej propagować. Widownia cię przejrzy. Jeśli wierzysz, że idea ma potencjał, żeby rozjaśnić komuś dzień, poprawić perspektywy życiowe albo zainspirować do działania inaczej, masz główny składnik świetnej prelekcji, która będzie prezentem dla nas wszystkich. Catalan: CRISPR et permet tallar i pegar informació genètica molt fàcilment." Una explicació com ara aquesta proporciona un assentiment satisfactori mentre que es fa un lloc a les nostres ments. És important, per tant, assajar la xerrada amb amics de confiança i descobrir quines parts els semblen confuses. Quart, ací ve el truc final: Fes que valga la pena compartir la idea. Per això vull dir que et preguntes: "A qui serveix aquesta idea?" I necessite que sigues honest amb la resposta. Si la idea sols et beneficia a tu o a la teva organització, he de dir que probablement no valga la pena compartir-la. L'audiència veurà a través de tu. Però si creus que la idea té un potencial per alegrar a algú el dia o canviar la perspectiva d'algú a millor o inspirar a algú a fer les coses d'altra manera, aleshores tens l'ingredient central per fer la xerrada veritablement bona, una que puga ser un regal per a ells i per a tots nosaltres. iw: "קריספר מאפשר לחתוך ולהדביק מידע גנטי בקלות רבה." הסבר ברור כזה מייצר רגע מספק של "אהה" כשהוא נקלט באופן מיידי במוחנו. לכן, חשוב שתבדקו את הרצאתכם על ידידים מהימנים, כדי לאתר את החלקים שמבלבלים אותם. 4, והעצה האחרונה: עשו את הרעיון שלכם לראוי לשיתוף. כוונתי היא, שתשאלו את עצמכם: "למי יועיל הרעיון הזה?" ואני רוצה שתענו על כך בכנות. אם הרעיון משרת רק אתכם או את הארגון שלכם, עלי לומר לכם שלצערי, הוא כנראה אינו ראוי לשיתוף. הקהל יבחין בכך בקלות. אבל אם אתם מאמינים שהרעיון טומן בחובו את הכוח להאיר את יומו של מישהו אחר או לשנות לטובה את השקפתו של זולתכם, או להניע מישהו לעשות משהו אחרת, כי אז יש לכם מרכיב הליבה של הרצאה גדולה באמת, כזאת שיכולה להוות מתנה להם ולכולנו. Turkish: CRISPR genetik bilgiyi gerçekten de kolayca kesip yapıştırmanızı sağlar." Bunun gibi inandırıcı açıklamalar, akıllarınızda hemen yer ederken, doyurucu bir keşfetme anı da sunar. Bundan dolayı konuşmanızı güvendiğiniz arkadaşlarla deneme yapmanız ve hangi kısımlarda karmaşa yaşadıklarını bulmanız önemli. Dört, işte son ipucu: Fikrinizi paylaşmaya değer yapın. Bununla demek istediğim, kendinize şu soruyu sorun: "Bu fikir kime yararlı?" Cevabınızı dürüstçe vermenizi istiyorum. Eğer fikir sadece size veya organizasyonunuza hizmet ediyorsa, o zaman üzgünüm ki muhtemelen paylaşmaya değer değil. İzleyiciler bunu fark edecektir. Ama eğer fikrin birinin gününü şenlendireceğine veya birinin bakış açısını daha iyiye götüreceğine veya birine bir şeyi farklı yapmak üzere ilham vereceğine inanıyorsanız, o zaman gerçekten harika bir konuşma için temel içeriğiniz var, ki bu hem onlara, hem bize bir armağan olabilir. Hungarian: A CRISPR-rel genetikai "szövegeket" vághatunk ki és illeszthetünk be." Egy ilyen szemléletes magyarázat "aha"-élményt vált ki, egy részlet a helyére kerül, amikor valami hirtelen "beugrik". Fontos azonban, hogy az előadásunkat közeli barátainkon kipróbáljuk, és megtaláljuk a számukra nem egyértelmű részeket. Végül a negyedik, utolsó tanács: A gondolat legyen megosztásra érdemes! Tegyük fel magunknak a kérdést: "Mi ennek a gondolatnak a haszna?" És őszintén válaszoljunk. Ha a gondolat csak magunk, vagy egy szűk csoport hasznát szolgálja, akkor, sajnos ezt kell mondanom, nem érdemes terjeszteni. A közönség rögtön átlát rajtunk. De ha úgy látjuk, hogy a gondolatban benne van a lehetőség, hogy másoknak örömet okozzon, hogy mások kilátásait jobbra fordítsa, hogy valakit másfajta viselkedésre ösztönözzön, akkor megvan a legfontosabb hozzávaló egy remek előadáshoz, amely igazi ajándék lehet számukra és mindannyiunk számára. Japanese: CRISPRを使うと すごく簡単に 遺伝情報のカット＆ペーストができるんです」 このような鮮やかな説明は 頭の中へ はまり込んだときに 満足感を伴う ひらめきの瞬間をもたらします だから自分のスピーチを 信頼できる友人に聞いてもらい 分かりにくい部分を見つける ことが大事です 【４】最後の指針は 自分のアイデアを みんなに知らせる 価値のあるものにすること そのためには 「そのアイデアで恩恵を受けるのは誰か？」 と自問することです この問いには 正直に 答える必要があります そのアイデアが 自分や自分の組織にしか 役立たないなら 悪いですが みんなに知らせる価値は 多分ないでしょう 聴衆はすぐ見抜きます でも もしそのアイデアに 誰かの心を明るくするとか 誰かの考え方を 良い方に変えるとか 物事のやり方を変えるよう促す 力があると思うなら その人たちや その他すべての人への 贈り物となる 素晴らしいスピーチの 素材を手にしているのです

La primera de nuestras invitadas es Victoria Sau. Buenas noches. Es doctora en psicología y licenciada en Historia contemporánea. Se incorporó al movimiento feminista en el año 1974. Ha sido profesora de psicología diferencial en la universidad de Barcelona. Entre otros libros, aquí tengo unos cuantos, éste por ejemplo, "Reflexiones feministas para principios de siglo" Tengo los dos volúmenes del "Diccionario ideológico feminista" editado por Icaria Gracias por venir, señora Sau, y... Son recíprocas En los años 60 "El segundo sexo" estaba en el índice - ¿En el índice? - Estaba en el índice Si ibas de católica, tenías que ir al obispado, que yo había ido para pedir permiso para leer la... porque en aquel momento... ¿Y en qué lugar del Obispado se hacía eso? ¿Se hacía un impreso...? No. Se iba allá detrás de la Universidad y pedías permiso, yo lo pedí para ... que la leí a los 15 años Y tuve que pedir permiso porque no quería contravenir mi catolicismo de entonces, y fui a pedir permiso. Yo compré "El segundo sexo" en El Corte Inglés en el año 68 pero a escondidas. Lo tenían debajo del mostrador. Eso en el año 68, 20 años después de haberse publicado en Francia. Ese es el retraso que lleva este país. Me enfadé bastante con Simone de Beauvoir poco después de leer El segundo sexo. -¿Por qué? Pero... Felicitándola por haber hecho el libro, y reconociendo que ha iniciado el feminismo de posguerra. Eso por descontado, no se lo puede negar nadie. Pero precisamente por este párrafo que leías hace un momento y otro que siempre cito de que el hombre hace la cultura porque arriesga la vida y la mujer no la hace porque no arriesga la vida Estoy totalmente en contra de que las mujeres no arriesgan la vida. Pero incluso este párrafo... está bien, yo he dicho a continuación, años después, cosas parecidas. pero recalcando que tiene que haber un cambio. Y eso es lo que yo le encontraba a faltar a la Beauvoir, que no daba alternativa, o me lo parecía a mi. A mi me parecía que no daba alternativa. A pesar de que el libro ya suscitó bastante polémica como para destapar el feminismo de postguerra Estamos trabajando, hace ya mucho tiempo, básicamente sobre patriarcado. Porque pienso que todo esto que decimos son anécdotas dentro de un esquema global que se llama patriarcado. Y lo que tenemos que ir ahora a desmantelar es el patriarcado. Porque el patriarcado afecta a todos los hombres, sean de derechas o de izquierdas, sean progresistas o no lo sean, y hasta los que se llaman feministas, por ejemplo, consienten, ya no hablo nada más que de consentir Consienten dos funciones que considero básicas del patriarcado, al menos lo tengo estudiado así, elaborado por mi así, que son la prostitución y la guerra La guerra, que parece cosa de hombres, es cosa de hombres pero patriarcal. Y la prostitución, que es la ofensa máxima al conjunto de las mujeres del mundo Porque cualquier mujer puede ser prostituta en un momento dado. Pienso que ir desatornillando los tornillos del tinglado patriarcal es la función que nos toca hoy en día, ayudadas todas, y los hombres que compartan algo de ésto, pues también... Por todo lo que se ha escrito, comenzando por la Beauvoir y yendo al S.XVIII a la Revolución Francesa, etc Más que la revolución francesa, Olympe de Gouges y Mary Wollstonecraft. -Exacto, porque la revolución misma, no También he expresado... no por escrito, eso no lo he escrito nunca, pero en conferencias y charlas lo he dicho desde hace bastantes años que los hijos tendrían que tener un precio Y un precio... no los 2500 euros que ahora da el gobierno, sino que contar como trabajo, ya que estamos en el mundo capitalista, si cambiamos el mundo capitalista por uno socialista, eso ya no se como iría. pero en el mundo capitalista es un trabajo, y por lo tanto el sueldo de una mujer durante los 9 meses de embarazo tiene que ser tan alto como el de un ejecutivo Ponerle un sueldo a un parto, que es un peligro y un riesgo, hasta de muerte, aún ahora, y hasta en los paises occidentales aún hay alguna muerte y en el mundo muchísimas, por descontado. Y al mismo tiempo, un año y medio o dos de crianza de la criatura, también con un sueldo muy elevado Además, considerar enfermedades laborales las varices, la osteoporosis, todos los derivados de los embarazos y los partos. Y todo ésto sube centenares de miles de euros. Eso es el precio de un hijo. Algunos me dicen, ¿y la muerte? La muerte no tiene precio. Se puede hacer un trabajo gustándote el trabajo o no gustándote. Se puede tener un hijo queriendo el hijo o como un trabajo Decían que tenía un lado oscuro (Simone de Beauvoir). Ostras, aún la habríamos querido más en los años 60. Porque de santas aquí hemos estado sobrados siempre ¿Y en que tipo de sociedad reaccionaria vivimos?... Resulta que su gran lado oscuro es que era bisexual. O sea, aplaudimos los matrimonios gays y ahora resulta que tenía un lado oscuro porque se le han demostrado amores con otras mujeres. ¿Pero en qué mundo vivimos? Es una paradoja total. Estoy de acuerdo contigo. Y que la Beauvoir, por ejemplo El libro de la vejez, a mi me entusiasmó, es más, lo tengo y hasta me lo pidió como una excepción, porque sabía que yo leía a la Beauvoir, un profesor de la facultad que era jesuita. Y me lo pidió prestado. Se lo dejé, y con el tiempo me lo devolvió. Y además, me gusta lo que descubres. Por ejemplo, una de sus primeras novelas es Todos los hombres son mortales Eso es una proposición socrática. Es este tono de alta cultura que baja, no baja, sino que a veces hace novelas, hace ésto.. con los profesores que teníamos en los años 60 en la Universidad de Barcelona, el de filosofía que era de cierta secta que hay mucha por aquí, católica, que no diré el nombre porque trae mala suerte explicaba a Sartre de la siguiente manera... Beauvoir, obviamente ya ni entraba. Y muy poca gente se ha dedicado a estudiar. Yo conozco, que se haya dedicado a estudiar como filósofa, a Celia Amorós. A estudiar el pensamiento de la Beauvoir filósofa, pensadora. Pues bien el profesor que yo tenía cuando estaba leyendo El segundo sexo, daba las clases de perfil, se sentaba de una manera que estaba de perfil. Y a Jean Paul Sartre lo explicaba de la siguiente manera, no lo olvidaré nunca. "Juan Pablo Sartre..." El feminismo francés, para según quien está acabado, yo pienso que no, tengo, por ejemplo, algún libro reciente, muy reciente, en francés, El libro negro del feminismo, o de las mujeres, ahora no recuerdo bien pero son excepciones, lo que domina el feminismo en Francia, el no feminismo, que dicen que ya no hace falta y que ya se ha acabado, es culpa del psicoanálisis. Porque Lacant ha hecho una divulgación tan grande del psicoanálisis en Francia, y el psicoanálisis no es pro-mujer, sino que es anti-mujer. El psicoanálisis aún lucha por la mujer tradicional la mujer esposa y madre, esa es la síntesis. Yo creo que es que tienen poco talento, todas estas Cixous y Fouchet, y todas estas feministas francesas, es que tienen poco talento ¡Todas están psicoanalizadas! Y no es casualidad. Sí, pero parece que es un problema de poco talento, y que en cambio la Beauvoir no lo tenía. Es que el psicoanálisis provoca un techo, un techo intelectual Escucha, Betty Friedan se psicoanalizó y sobrevivió. -Y Juliet Mitchell tiene un libro extraordinario también. Yo creo que el problema del feminismo francés es el poco talento. O sea, una señora como Gisèle Halimi, que si tiene un nombre y ha conseguido cosas en la vida es gracias a la señora Beauvoir, que se la sentó a la falda y la dejó firmar aquel libro sobre el aborto, que bueno, también hay la cuestión de Argelia, la cuestión de las colonias francesas. En los cuales también jugó un papel la Beauvoir Y que ahora vaya a matar a la madre, es que hace reir. Lo que le encuentro es falta de talento. - Y mucha vanidad. Se dice que el hombre representa la independencia. Pero yo a eso le he dado la vuelta. Porque el hombre es independiente en la medida en que la mujer se hace dependiente en que tiene garantizado que la mujer está sumisa y que la mujer está debajo suyo. De manera que depende de la mujer mucho más, en cierto sentido, que la mujer del hombre. Eso de que la mujer cobre menos que el hombre, que tenga más dificultades a la hora de encontrar un trabajo, de que la contraten y demás... El problema es que lo tenemos en la inmigración, porque claro, por ejemplo, se está produciendo en la sociedad una cantidad aún... por parte sobre todo de gente de extracción musulmana, islámica... poligamia. La poligamia para mi también es un signo patriarcal por definición. Estoy de acuerdo, estoy de acuerdo. Y en cambio no se persigue en este país nuestro. Programa Millenium (TV3) dedicado al centenario del nacimiento de Simone de Beauvoir. Enero 2008

-Well, it looks like 2020 is off to a great start. For more on this, it's time for "A Closer Look." [ Theme music plays ] [ Cheers and applause ] I'm just [Bleep] with you. 2020 is already the worst. [ Laughter ] The sky in Australia is blood red, thanks to a climate crisis; Republicans are trying to rig the impeachment trial; and the president is threatening more crimes on Twitter. We're less than a week into 2020. The world is like your friend who tells you this is the year he's going to quit drugs and take up yoga, and then, on January 6th, you see him trying to sell his mat for crack. [ Laughter ] I mean, we should have at least been able to come together and enjoy the Patriots getting knocked out of the playoffs, and the first round at home. [ Cheers and applause ] I mean, finally, Bill Belichick was as sad as his outfit. For a guy who's supposed to be good at clock management, he always looks like he woke up five minutes before game time. And you know, we couldn't even take 24 hours to savor that small victory, because the president spent the weekend threatening war crimes against Iran after ordering the assassination of a top Iranian general and then, in Orwellian fashion, claiming he did it to stop a war. -Breaking news this morning. The U.S. has carried out the assassination of a top Iranian military and intelligence commander. The president ordered this. It was carried out by drone last night in Iraq. -His name was Qasem Soleimani. He was Iran's top military commander. -I went to a State Department briefing today, a background briefing, and the officials basically said the ball is in Iran's court, and we are trying to de-escalate. Actually, one official said this was an act of de-escalation. -We took action last night to stop a war. We did not take action to start a war. -Trump thinks we can't accuse him of rushing into a war if he reads his TelePrompTer super slowly. [ Laughter ] You can't just kill a top general of a sovereign nation and call it de-escalation. That's like getting drunk and driving your car into a Kmart and then telling the cops, "I did it to stop my car." [ Laughter ] Trump and his allies are lying in the exact same ways the Bush administration lied us into a catastrophic war in Iraq nearly 17 years ago, and the exact same people are doing it. After the attack Fox News decided to turn to their stable of lumpy white guys who have been wrong about anything, like Lindsey Graham, a champion of the Iraq war, and former Bush officials and serial liars Ari Fleischer and Karl Rove. Why are these the best experts we can get? This is like doing a segment on organizing music festivals and interviewing Billy McFarland and Ja Rule. And the same people are trotting out the same lies they did 17 years ago. For example, Vice President Mike Pence lied and tried to link Soleimani to 9/11 in a tweet that was not supported by the evidence. And if that sounds familiar to you, it's because it's right out of the playbook of George W. Bush and Donald Rumsfeld, who repeatedly linked Saddam Hussein to al-Qaeda and other terrorist groups without providing any evidence. -The reason I keep insisting that there was a relationship between Iraq and Saddam and al-Qaeda -- because there was a relationship between Iraq and al-Qaeda. -There are reports that there is no evidence of a direct link between Baghdad and some of these terrorist organizations. -Reports that say that something hasn't happened are always interesting to me because, as we know, there are known knowns. There are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns. That is to say, we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns -- the ones we don't know we don't know. -Excuse me, but is this an unknown unknown? [ Laughter ] -I'm not -- -There are several unknowns -- -I'm not going to say which it is. -Oh, you're not going to say, so it's unknown whether it's an unknown unknown. But one known that we do know is what Trump knows, which is a known unknown, because he un-knows what he doesn't know. Meaning we know he knows no knowns. [ Laughter ] It's amazing. [ Cheers and applause ] It's amazing that we found a way to elect people who think these guys have the right idea. It's like if, 17 years from now, someone made a movie called "Cats 2" -- this time with genitals. [ Laughter ] So, Pence lied, just like Bush and Rumsfeld lied. But, hey, at least this isn't the first time Mike Pence has been wrong about a disastrous war in the Middle East. -I am here to report, as the United States military confirmed in Iraq on Monday, weapons of mass destruction have been found in Iraq. -It's fitting that 16 years later, Pence is telling the same lies, because 16 years later, he looks the exact same. I mean, I'm pretty sure he's just a stock-photo businessman come to life. When he takes off his shirt, it says "Getty Images" across his chest. [ Laughter and applause ] So, the Trump administration tried to link Soleimani to 9/11. They also claimed they were stopping an imminent threat. But if that's true, they haven't presented any evidence of that threat to Congress or the public. In fact, a "The New York Times" reporter tweeted that the evidence for such a threat was razor-thin. And "The times" also wrote that national security experts and even other officials at the Pentagon said they were unaware of anything drastically new about Iranian behavior in recent weeks. But that's not good enough for "Fox & Friends" host Ainsley Earhardt, who said today that we just have to trust the intelligence agencies. -So interesting that people are critical of the president's decisions, of our intelligence community's decisions, our generals' decisions. -They want details. -General Tata said -- Well, they can't have it. They can't -- Everything can't be made public. We heard Pompeo over the weekend saying, "Everything that we have, the intelligence community has" -- he said, "I ran the CIA at one point. We can't release everything. We can't release all of our intelligence information. We'll release as much as we can, but you just have to trust us, basically." -Oh, we just have to trust them? I'm sorry, but I'm not inclined to trust an administration that lies about everything, even the most dumbest thing. Let's not forget, this is the same guy who literally drew a circle on an official weather map, in Sharpie, to claim that Alabama was going to get hit by a hurricane and then pretended he had no idea how it got there. Can you imagine if Trump actually tries to present some evidence against Iran? [ As Trump ] "I have it right here -- the top-secret intelligence briefing that proves I was right. It says, 'Iran bad,' right there." [ Laughter ] "Right there." [ Applause ] [ Normal voice ] So, there you go. You heard "Fox & Friends." We have to trust our intelligence agencies. I wonder, though, if she felt the same way back in May, when the intelligence agencies were investigating Trump. What? No, she didn't? Oh, and the next clip proves it? Oh, why are you telling me? You ruined the surprise. Alright, well, let's just show it anyway. -There was a Fox News poll, and folks were asked how likely intelligence agencies, like the FBI, broke the law to investigate President trump. Look at that. 58% said "extremely," "very," or "somewhat," and only 31% said "not at all," so that just shows you -- -And you get that number when you add up the first three. -That's pretty scary that we can't trust the FBI. -What?! We can't? But that lady on the news just a second ago said we can! [ Laughter ] Wait a second! Oh, my God, one of two things is happening here. Either Trump supporters are self-serving hypocrites who defend intelligence agencies when they want to bomb other countries, but attack them when they investigate the president's crimes, or Ainsley Earhardt has an evil twin! [ Laughter ] [ Suspenseful music plays ] [ Applause ] Now, if you're a Trump supporter out there, claiming anyone who opposes this act of war is siding with the enemy, let's just remember, this is the same president who literally said he and Kim Jong-un, a brutal dictator who starves and tortures his own people, quote, "fell in love because of Kim's beautiful letters." Trump actually said that about a brutal dictator. He sounds like a Southern belle meeting suitors at a cotillion. "My dear Beauregard, I fell in love with you after your beautiful letters." [ Laughter ] I'm pretty sure most people hadn't even heard Soleimani's name until recently, and that includes Trump himself, who was asked about him in a radio interview in 2015 and clearly had no idea who he was. -Are you familiar with General Soleimani? -Yes. Go ahead. Give me a little. Go ahead, tell me. -He runs the Quds Forces. -Yes, okay. Right. -Do you expect -- -And I think the Kurds, by the way, have been harshly mistreated by us. -No, not the Kurds, the Quds Forces -- the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Quds Forces, the bad guys. -Yes, right. -Do you expect his behavior to change as a result -- -Oh, I thought you said "Kurds." -I love -- I love how Trump tried to pretend he knew who he was, even though he clearly didn't. "Do you know General Soleimani?" [ As Trump ] Yeah -- No, I do. But I want to see if you know who he is. [ Normal voice ] Clearly, this was a reckless act by an impulsive president who hasn't thought through any of the consequences. But a lot of people, including prominent Democrats, are also asking, "Why now? Why would a president who's facing an impeachment trial, and mounting evidence of his guilt suddenly start a war with Iran as he heads into an election year. I wonder if 2011-2012 Donald Trump had anything to say about that when it came to President Obama. -I say that he starts a war in Iran before the election, which will make it very hard for the Republican to win, okay? And I've said that, and I predicted that. He doesn't talk to anybody. He'll start a war. You know, lives will be wasted for no reason. I happen to think that the president is going to start a war with Iran. I think it will be a short-term popular thing to do, and I think he's going to do that for political reasons. Our president will start a war with Iran because he has absolutely no ability to negotiate. He's weak, and he's ineffective. So the only way he figures that he's going to get re-elected, and as sure as you're sitting there, is to start a war with Iran. I believe that he will attack Iran sometime prior to the election because he thinks that's the only way he can get elected. Isn't it pathetic? -Yes, it is. The thing about Trump is that he never tells the truth about himself in the present, but he always tells the truth about himself like 10 years in advance. When he accuses people of crossing the border illegally, that means, 10 years from now, he's going to get caught climbing over his wall, trying to flee to Mexico. [ As Trump ] David, uh, why did we make it so tall? [ Laughter ] [ Normal voice ] So, it's already terrifying that the president is impulsively lurching into an unjust and unmoral war, and then, on Sunday, he decided to go even further and threaten war crimes against Iran with a truly psychotic tweet that he genuinely thought counted as some sort of official legal document. Here is the very real tweet the president of the United States sent out on Sunday. "These media posts will serve as notification to the United States Congress that should Iran strike any U.S. person or target, the United States will quickly and fully strike back and perhaps in a disproportionate manner. Such legal notice is not required but is given nevertheless." That's right. The same guy who brought you such tweets as, "Robert Pattinson should dump Kristen Stewart," and, "I have never seen a thin person drinking diet Coke," now thinks his tweets serve as official legal notice to Congress. I don't think this tweet counts as legal notice to commit an act of war, but I do think it counts as legal notice to have you committed. That tweet sounds like something that could be scrawled on the walls of a psych ward. "Let this serve as a legal notice that I know you're hiding pills in my applesauce, and I will find them and sue you for malpractice." [ Applause ] And by the way, threatening a disproportionate response is a war crime, just like when Trump tweeted the previous day that, "If Iran strikes any Americans or American assets, we have targeted 52 Iranian sites, some at a very high level and important to Iran and the Iranian culture. And those targets and Iran itself will be hit very fast and very hard." First of all, it's not reassuring when the president tweets in all caps like a lunatic who sees his ex-girlfriend posting pictures of herself with another guy, and texts her at 3:00 a.m., "Who is Brad? Why are you in Cabo? I will hit him very fast and very hard!" A war with Iran would be unjust and immoral, cause mass death and suffering, and destabilize the region and the world. And Trump obviously hasn't thought about, or doesn't care about, those consequences, because, by all accounts, he made this decision impulsively, to the surprise of his own top military officials. "The New York Times" reported that they were stunned, flabbergasted, and alarmed when trump chose the option of killing Soleimani. Apparently, Trump's military advisers put the option on one PowerPoint slide to make the other options seem more reasonable, not actually thinking he would pick it. One briefing slide shown to Trump listed several follow-up steps the U.S. could take, among them targeting Soleimani. Unexpectedly, Trump chose that option. Oh, oh, did Donald Trump do the unexpected... [ Laughter ] ...instead of the reasonable? Did you guys not get a briefing on him? You can't expect the reasonable choice from the guy who stared into a eclipse, and when his umbrella got caught, just left it on the stairs. [ Laughter and applause ] Congress must do everything in its power to stop an unjust and immoral war with Iran that will have disastrous consequences. That's why thousands of protesters took to the streets over the weekend in cities across the country to say no to war with Iran. We have an impulsive, lawless president threatening war crimes, who thinks his tweets count as official legal documents. You got to ask... -Isn't it pathetic? -This has been "A Closer Look." [ Theme music plays ]

[production assistant]: 540, take one. (clap) At Tehran later, Stalin offered a toast to the disposal of the war criminals. He said that there were at least 50,000 of them and he drank also to the firing squad. Churchill immediately took it up and said Britons would never be a party to a mass murder program And when he got through his statement to Stalin he got up and left the hall [off screen]: Cut.

Cristin Dorgelo: Hi, this is Cristin Dorgelo. And we're here live from the third White House science fair. This is our first live webcast from the science fair. And today we're celebrating over 100 students who are winners from 40 states and 45 different science, technology, engineering, and math science competitions. And I'm here right now with Bill Nye the Science Guy, and LeVar Burton. Welcome, guys. What are you excited about for today? LeVar Burton: Science. Bill Nye: Science. LeVar Burton: I want to see the science that these kids are working on. Bill Nye: They got some cool stuff. I was walking around just a few minutes ago. This is the future! And what I like to remind everybody is the economic benefit of science. What is everybody talking about? What are we obsessed with? Three things. Cristin Dorgelo: Jobs and economy. Bill Nye: Jobs, jobs, jobs! That's right. So if you want jobs, you got to have science. You got to invest in science. And these people are going to be the engineers of tomorrow that will, dare I say it, change the world. Cristin Dorgelo: Thanks, Bill. LeVar, what are you excited about for today? LeVar Burton: Well, I think it's remarkable, number one, that the President is really honoring these student scholars very much the same way he would if you were an NCAA sports championship team. Coming to the White House and getting an opportunity to get some face time with the President is really big for these kids. I think that's great. Cristin Dorgelo: So do you think we should meet one of these kids? LeVar Burton: I would love to. Cristin Dorgelo: All right. So we've got Sarah here. Sarah, welcome. Sarah Volz: Thank you so much. I'm so excited to be here. Cristin Dorgelo: So tell us about your project. Sarah Volz: My work is on algae biofuels. So the idea with algae biofuels is that algae actually produce these oils that can be converted into a field you can put straight into you diesel engine. So right now, the problem with bioenergy is that it's not quite economically feasible. And we need a better source of these oils than crops like soy beans. So that's where algae comes in. And my work was focused on using guided evolution to develop populations of algae with more oil. So it's a better choice. Bill Nye: These are the same organisms that make swamp gas, right? Sarah Volz: Yep, yep. Bill Nye: So instead of one carbon, you get a whole -- somehow. Sarah Volz: Exactly, yeah. So the idea is that, you know, they're just producing these fats. That's exactly what they are, these fats, these long carbon chains. And if you can just get them to change their metabolism a little bit, they'll produce more of them. Bill Nye: How did you do that? Sarah Volz: So I actually took a sort of different approach than some other people have been taking in that I let mother nature do all the work for me. I used a chemical that killed cells with the low oil production. That forced cells to adapt to produce more oils, higher oil production. Bill Nye: What chemical kills cells that don't produce a lot of oil? Sarah Volz: It's actually an herbicide that I chose because it specifically targets an enzyme in the oil production pathway. LeVar Burton: Now, Sarah, I understand you have kind of an unorthodox laboratory. Sarah Volz: I do. So my laboratory is actually under my bed. (laughter) Bill Nye: Your bed somehow, yeah. Sarah Volz: So I've got a loft bed and then I've got a bunch of flasks underneath it. Cristin Dorgelo: How did your parents feel about that? LeVar Burton: Exactly. Sarah Volz: They're happy that I moved everything out of the kitchen. Bill Nye: I'll tell you what else they're happy about. I saw you in science news. You got $100,000 scholarship. Is that right? Sarah Volz: That's right. Cristin Dorgelo: Where are you going to go? Sarah Volz: I'm going to MIT. Bill Nye: That's back east. I hear that's a good school. Sarah Volz: I'm very excited to go to MIT. LeVar Burton: They're lucky to have you, Sarah. They're lucky to have you. Cristin Dorgelo: Are you excited to be here at the White House today? What are you looking forward to most? Sarah Volz: I'm so excited to be here. I'm really excited to meet the President again actually because I saw him one time before. I think just seeing all the other young scientists from across the nation is just like really, really awesome and inspiring to see that other people beside me care about this stuff. LeVar Burton: What grade are you in, Sarah? Sarah Volz: I'm a senior. LeVar Burton: A senior, on your way to MIT. Good for you. Cristin Dorgelo: All right. Well, thank you. For those of you just joining, we're here at the third White House science fair, and we're doing our first live webcast. Sarah, congratulations on getting to this point. Awesome. LeVar Burton: Congratulations, Sarah. Bill Nye: Cool. Way to go. Cristin Dorgelo: All right. Next up we have Easton LaChapelle. How are you? Nice to meet you. Easton LaChapelle: Great. Thank you. LeVar Burton: Easton, how are you? Good to see you. You're from Colorado? Easton LaChapelle: I am. LeVar Burton: Indeed. What's your project? Easton LaChapelle: I created this robotic arm that's controlled using your brain. My end all goal for this is to create an affordable prosthetic for everyday use for really anybody that needs it. And actually, the main thing that really got me toward prosthetics was last year, at the state science fair in Colorado, this seven year old girl came up to me and she had a prosthetic limb from the elbow to the fingertip with one motion open, close, and one sensor. I started talking to her parents some more about this, and just that alone was $80,000 which is a lot of money. And she was seven at the time. So she would need about two or three of those within her lifetime because she keeps growing. And that was kind of the a ha moment for me. I already started working with robotic hands, robotic arms. And I just crossed platforms perfectly with that. My end all goal is to create an affordable prosthetic for everyday use. And it's all controlled with your brain, based off thoughts and also facial gestures and blinking, a series of patterns. And also a muscle sensor on the foot. Combine all that together, and you get a really accurate control system that you can really use to control everything. LeVar Burton: So how many movements does your arm have? Open and close, but more bells and whistles? Easton LaChapelle: It's a full robotic arm up to the shoulder. And it's comparable to human strength-wise, weight-wise, and functionality. So pretty close to the same degrees of freedom. But during all this, I really realized how remarkable a human arm is and just how crazy everything happens. Bill Nye: How complicated it is. Easton LaChapelle: Yeah, yeah. Bill Nye: And the sensors, it's amazing. So what powers this thing? Easton LaChapelle: I actually use servomotors as the main actuator for each of the fingers. Bill Nye: But upstream, was there a battery? Easton LaChapelle: Yeah. That's all within a bicep. All electronics, all the batteries are within a bicep. And I have about a 5,000 milliamp-hour battery within a bicep. And that could power the arm for a good, you know, half day to a day of continuous use from all the motors. Bill Nye: Five thousand milliamp hours in the bicep is what you got. Cristin Dorgelo: Amazing. Did you have a 3-D printer before this? Was this your first 3-D printing project? Easton LaChapelle: No. I actually have two 3-D printers in my room. I work out of my room. I pretty much have a bed in the corner and I could start to expand. But 3-D printer is really, really cool. It's a really cool technology that's starting to get really big. And it's starting to get more affordable. Bill Nye: So is the final product plastic? Easton LaChapelle: It's all made of ABS plastic. But that's like the best way, I think. Either way, you have some type of exoskeleton or some type kind of skeleton that puts the silicone skin around. And it's just a light weight. It's durable. It's easy to replace. It's affordable. So yeah, I think it's a good choice. Cristin Dorgelo: Well, thank you, Easton. What are you excited about here at the White House today? Easton LaChapelle: Well, this is actually the furthest east I've been. So just even being here is an experience, let alone the White House and all sorts of different things. And of course, meeting these crazy awesome people. LeVar Burton: What are your plans for college, Easton? Easton LaChapelle: Well, my business is actually really taking off with all this. It's kind of something I never really planned. But definitely college is in the future. I'm a junior right now, so I think I need to start thinking. LeVar Burton: Venture capitalists knocking on your door already? Easton LaChapelle: Actually, yeah. LeVar Burton: Congratulations! Congratulations. Cristin Dorgelo: Well, Easton, thank you very much. Bill Nye: That's cool. Way to go. Way to go! Cristin Dorgelo: So for those of you just joining, we're here at the third White House science fair. I'm here with LeVar Burton and Bill Nye the Science Guy. LeVar Burton: And it's Earth Day. It's Earth Day, y'all! Bill Nye: Earth day! Cristin Dorgelo: It is Earth Day. In fact, behind us right now we've got a lot of earth science projects and environmental science projects that are going to be really cool for the President to check out in a little bit. We're ready to meet our next student, Jack Andraka. Amazingly inspirational story. Jack, I'm Cristin. Great to meet you. Bill Nye: Jack, hi. LeVar Burton: Morning, Jack. How are you? Bill Nye: Saw your picture in Space News. Cristin Dorgelo: So tell us about your project. Jack Andraka: So essentially what I've created is a three-step method to attack pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer and lung cancer that takes five minutes. It's 100% accurate so far. But also, you can detect the cancers in earliest stages, when someone has close to 100% chance of survival. So it could lift the pancreatic cancer survival rate from 5.5% to close to 100%. And it could be broadly applied to really any disease ranging from Alzheimer's to heart disease, other forms of cancer, including HIV/AIDS. Bill Nye: How does it work? Jack Andraka: So essentially what you have is these long thin pipes of carbon, carbon nanotubes. And they're an atom thick and one fifteen thousandths a diameter of your hair. However, despite their size, they have these incredible properties. They're kind of like the superheroes of material science. So then I was actually sitting in biology class reading about these and there are these things called antibodies, essentially molecules that only react with one specific protein, in this case, a cancer biomarker. And what you do is you kind of weave them into this network of carbon nanotubes such that you have a network that only reacts with one protein. But also, it will change its electrical properties based on the MAL protein present, in other words, a way to attack pancreatic cancer. And I just measured that with an old (inaudible) and some sewing needles. Cristin Dorgelo: So Jack, what was your inspiration for doing this work? Jack Andraka: I actually became interested in pancreatic cancer because a close family friend died of it. And then what I realized is that 85% of all pancreatic cancers are diagnosed late, when the patient has less than a 2% chance of survival. LeVar Burton: Has an incredibly high mortality rate, pancreatic cancer. Jack Andraka: Yeah. It's the cancer with the worse prognosis. LeVar Burton: That's right. Bill Nye: My uncle. So you have nanotubes. You know, I met Rick Smalley, one of the guys who got the Nobel Prize for that. How do you configure nanotubes to detect a specific protein? Jack Andraka: It's actually about as simple as making chocolate chip cookies. You start with some water. You pour in the antibody. Then you pour in the nanotube. Then you sonicate it. Bill Nye: You sonicate it. LeVar Burton: Sonicate it! That was the step I was missing. Jack Andraka: And then you just take some paper, dip it -- Bill Nye: What's sonicating? Cristin Dorgelo: Is that like baking but different? Jack Andraka: Yeah, it's pretty much. And you just shake it really, really loudly or really -- LeVar Burton: Vigorously. Bill Nye: Ultrasonic. Jack Andraka: Yeah, ultrasonic. LeVar Burton: Ultrasonic shaking. Bill Nye: And what makes it -- and so they line up with the antibodies? Jack Andraka: They don't actually have to line up. It's just a random orientation. I'm just disbursing them throughout the solution. Bill Nye: So you have antibodies attached to nanotubes. Jack Andraka: They don't have to attach. They just kind of lay on them. LeVar Burton: They just have to be in the environment. Jack Andraka: Yeah, um-hum. Bill Nye: And then when the pancreatic cancer marker shows up, what happens? Jack Andraka: Then the protein essentially goes into this network and it slams -- Bill Nye: So then it changes its connectivity because they're nanotubes. Jack Andraka: Yeah, yeah, yeah. Bill Nye: That's cool, man. That is cool. Cristin Dorgelo: I think you just blew Bill Nye the Science Guy's mind. Pretty awesome. So what are you excited for here today at the White House? Jack Andraka: I'm really excited to talk with all the other young researchers because I really love working with other people. And right now, I'm actually working on the $10 million Tricorder X PRIZE. LeVar Burton: Are you really? Jack Andraka: And so I'm gathering a team. So looking for some new candidates for it. Cristin Dorgelo: That's fantastic. If you guys want to join Jack's team, I think he just put out an open call. All right. Well, thank you, Jack. It's great to meet you. LeVar Burton: Jack Andraka, wow! Brainiac on the loose. Bill Nye: Nicely done, man. Jack Andraka: Thank you. Cristin Dorgelo: Good to meet you, Jack. Jack Andraka: You too. Cristin Dorgelo: All right, everybody. We're back at the third White House science fair. One of the things that we'll be announcing today are new commitments to the President's Educate to Innovate campaign which is trying to inspire more kids to get involved with STEM; Science, Technology, Engineering and Math education. So what do you guys think the future of stem is? How do we get more kids like these excited about science? Bill Nye: Well, this event is fantastic. Celebrating, just as LeVar said earlier, just as you would have the World Series winner here or the Final Four winner here, you have these people here. LeVar Burton: We are to grow this talent from the inside. It has to be homegrown talent. If we are to really make good on the promise to educate our nation's children and provide an educated workforce that's going to solve the problems of tomorrow, we have to begin at these lower levels. Cristin Dorgelo: Well, that's great. So let's meet some of our youngest students here. Hi, guys. How are you? Students: Good. LeVar Burton: Gentlemen, gentlemen, good morning! Bill Nye: Some more vision, yes! Cristin Dorgelo: Tell us your names. What are your names? Evan Jackson: Evan Jackson. Cristin Dorgelo: Evan. Caleb Robinson: Caleb Robinson. Cristin Dorgelo: Hey, Caleb. Alex Jackson: Alex Jackson. Cristin Dorgelo: And Alex Jackson. Wow. What did you guys do to get here today? LeVar Burton: What's your project? Students: COOL PADS. Cristin Dorgelo: COOL PADS. Is that something you wear? Student: Yes. Cristin Dorgelo: And where do you wear it? Students: In football. Evan Jackson: And you can use it in military and a firefighter and a police. Bill Nye: What does it cool off? LeVar Burton: Is it a cool pad that you put in a helmet. Evan Jackson: In the shoulder pads. Cristin Dorgelo: Like in your protective shoulder pads? Caleb Robinson: Yeah. And it has Gatorade attached to it that the players can drink out of. Cristin Dorgelo: So it's basically about keeping them cool and hydrated? Why did you guys come up with that project? Evan Jackson: To keep athletes from overheating and dying. Bill Nye: Did you know somebody that overheated? Cristin Dorgelo: You did? While you were running around just playing sports? Evan Jackson: When I was in my football game, I overheated. LeVar Burton: You overheated. Cristin Dorgelo: So what are you guys most excited for today at the science fair? Caleb Robinson: To see Barack Obama. Cristin Dorgelo: Oh, you're looking forward to seeing the President. Bill Nye: He may get a chance to shake hands with him if he plays his cards right. LeVar Burton: I would be shocked if that didn't happen. Cristin Dorgelo: So how hard was it to build COOL PADS? Evan Jackson: It was medium. LeVar Burton: Medium hard? Not really hard? What was the biggest challenge? What was the biggest challenge you had to making this project a successful one? Evan Jackson: Keeping the parts on our sample together. LeVar Burton: Keeping the samples together. Bill Nye: The prototype? Yeah. So you did this with ExploraVision? Students: Yes, sir. Cristin Dorgelo: Pretty cool. Well, I hope you guys have fun at the science fair. You guys got anymore questions for these kids? LeVar Burton: Can I get one? Bill Nye: Yeah. Evan Jackson: Yes, sir. LeVar Burton: How soon will it be in on the market? Do you know? Students: In 20 years. LeVar Burton: Twenty years. So I have to wait a while. Evan Jackson: Or less. LeVar Burton: Or less. That's a good answer. Twenty years or less. Cristin Dorgelo: Well, it's great to meet you guys. Congratulations on being here. Bill Nye: Nicely done. LeVar Burton: Congratulations, fellas. Well done. Well done. Bill Nye: Great to see you guys. The idea is in ExploraVision, you come up with an invention that you think will come into existence in the next 20 years. LeVar Burton: Oh, I see. Cristin Dorgelo: That's awesome. Bill Nye: It's part of the overall effort for science, technology, engineering, and math. It's great. Cristin Dorgelo: Well, thanks guys. Bill Nye: You guys look pretty sharp. Cristin Dorgelo: It's great to meet you. Take care. All right. So here at the third White House Science Fair. LeVar Burton, Bill Nye the Science Guy and are talking to some really amazing winners of science, technology, engineering, and math competitions. We're also talking about ways to get more students interested in STEM. One of those commitments we're announcing today is around US2020 which is a project to get more mentors helping kids in the STEM field. So tech companies like SanDisk, Cisco, Cognizant have made commitments to get 20% of their workforce devoting 20 hours to helping kids get interested in STEM. So thanks to those companies for stepping up and helping kids get interested in STEM. So right now -- hi. I see a hurt leg. And nice to see you. Brittany Wenger: Nice to see you. Cristin Dorgelo: How are you, Brittany? Brittany Wenger: I'm good. How are you? Cristin Dorgelo: So what's your project? Brittany Wenger: So what I did is I created an artificial neural network which is a type of program that actually models the brain's neurons at interconnections. So it can detect patterns that are far complex for humans to detect. Now, I applied this to breast cancer because breast cancer inflicts one in eight women. These statistics are just startling. And, when you know somebody who has the disease, they're even more personal. So using my program, the fine-needle aspirate, which is the least invasive test, the cheapest and the quickest test becomes really accurate as well. So my program is 99% sensitive to malignancy which is huge. And then I deployed it to the Cloud because the Cloud is just this incredible elastic entity that can scale the support usage by every hospital in the world. And in the future, I'm proving that the same tactics can also work with leukemia diagnostics and perhaps provide insight on what proteins can be drug targeted. Bill Nye: So what is this most reliable test for breast cancer? Fine needle? Brittany Wenger: Well, the fine-needle aspirate is actually so inconclusive that a lot of doctors refuse to use them. Bill Nye: Yeah, yeah. Brittany Wenger: So the purpose of my project is to really revive the fine-needle aspirate so that they can be used again and so they can be accurate. Bill Nye: So you just talk a few cells? Brittany Wenger: Yeah. It causes the patient about the level of discomfort of a blood test. A few cells are extracted, looked at under a microscope. And then traditionally a doctor would say whether they thought those cells were cancerous or not. But using my program, different attributes are analyzed so that subtle patterns can be picked up. LeVar Burton: Have you had any response from the breast cancer community? Brittany Wenger: Yeah. So it's been really exciting. I won the Google Science Fair, and since then everybody's been really supportive. I got to speak at BreastCancer.org. LeVar Burton: Wow. Brittany Wenger: Yeah. And Lincoln Medical Center has provided me with more samples. And I'm also working with an institute in Italy to test my program's capabilities against 400 samples. LeVar Burton: Are you a senior? Brittany Wenger: I am. LeVar Burton: And where are you going to college? Brittany Wenger: I actually just made this decision two days ago. So I'm going to Duke University. I'm going to be part of the A.B. program. Cristin Dorgelo: Whoo! So exciting. Brittany Wenger: Yeah. I got a full scholarship in research funding. Bill Nye: I'm shocked. Boy, didn't see that one coming. Brittany Wenger: And I'm very excited about that. LeVar Burton: Good for you. Brittany Wenger: Thank you so much. Bill Nye: My grandfather taught at Duke. Brittany Wenger: Really? That's very cool. Cristin Dorgelo: So I've seen you here before on the White House campus. What brought you here last time? Brittany Wenger: So I was also part of Science Talent Search which is a program that is based on your science potential as well as your research. So that was a lot of fun. It was an absolutely surreal experience to meet a bunch Of other kids who are also into science like I am. Cristin Dorgelo: And post college, what are you going to do? Brittany Wenger: So I want to be a pediatric oncologist, but probably an M.D., Ph.D. sort of situation because I want to do research and primary care. LeVar Burton: You know what, young lady. You better get a good pair of sunglasses. Your future is so bright, you're going to have to wear shades. (laughter) Brittany Wenger: Thank you so much. LeVar Burton: Congratulations. Brittany Wenger: Thank you so much. Bill Nye: Change the world. Nicely done. Cristin Dorgelo: Thanks, Brittany. Great work. Good to see you again. Brittany Wenger: Thank you. Good to see you. Cristin Dorgelo: So what do you guys think about this? Bill Nye: So traditionally the doctor would look at it under a microscope, or a skilled technician, and looking for the pattern. But she's got it automated. It's brilliant! It's brilliant! LeVar Burton: Science. Cristin Dorgelo: It is science. LeVar Burton: Science. Cristin Dorgelo: The miracle of science. Are you guys ready to meet yet another inspirational scientist? LeVar Burton: Absolutely. Bill Nye: Bring it on. Cristin Dorgelo: Hi, Jonah, nice to see you. I'm Cristin. Jonah Kohn: I'm Jonah. Nice to meet you. Cristin Dorgelo: LeVar and Bill Nye the Science Guy. LeVar Burton: Good morning, Jonah. How are you? Jonah Kohn: I'm good. Cristin Dorgelo: So tell us about your project. Jonah Kohn: So my project uses tactile sound to improve the experience of music for people with hearing loss. LeVar Burton: Wow. Cristin Dorgelo: What's tactile sound? LeVar Burton: Describe tactile sound. Jonah Kohn: Tactile sound is sound through vibrations that are in contact with your body. LeVar Burton: Right. Cristin Dorgelo: So are we going to get a demo later? Jonah Kohn: Sure, if you want to, although it does not work for people with normal range hearing because of something actually pretty interesting. You're already hearing the same frequencies through your ears. So your brain kind of discards the tactile information. LeVar Burton: Interesting. But it is absolutely detectable by someone who does not have that range of hearing already? Jonah Kohn: Yes. At one instance, I had one of my subjects, they were able to hum the melody of a song. Bill Nye: Even though they can't hear it. Jonah Kohn: Even though they can't hear. Just through the tactile device. Bill Nye: So then people who are Deaf could learn to speak without that accent, or whatever that expression is, that affect? Jonah Kohn: I think so. I'm not sure. I'm not sure exactly how much better they are hearing. But I know that my target group, from the experiment, which were cochlear implant users under the age of 55, they had an improvement of 93.5%. That's 5 out of 10 to a 9.675 out of ten on the 1 to 10 quality scale I gave them. LeVar Burton: Is that both speech and music recognition? Jonah Kohn: No. My project was only about music. I'm looking into speech as one of my future ventures. But this experiment was about music because many people with hearing loss are already able to communicate. The ones with cochlear implants can talk fairly well. The ones with hearing aids can also interpret and read speech through lips and hear it. But music, because it is so many frequencies and so many different ranges and everything in music and a lot of things going on at once, many people with hearing loss can't really experience music the way that we can. So I tried to improve that. Cristin Dorgelo: So who have you piloted this technology with? Jonah Kohn: I had 14 subjects. Twelve of them had hearing loss. There were six with cochlear implants and six with hearing aids. Cristin Dorgelo: What did they think? Bill Nye: Has a manufacturer contacted you or a medical -- Jonah Kohn: Not yet. I do have it for a filed patent though. LeVar Burton: Good for you. Cristin Dorgelo: What's next for you after this project? Jonah Kohn: I really, really want to look at the neuroscience of this, see what tactile sound actually does in the brain. Bill Nye: So you want somebody to get an MRI while they're listening? Do you use your hand? Jonah Kohn: Well, the contact points that I used were the hand, the sternum, and the back of the neck. Bill Nye: Why did you pick those? Jonah Kohn: They were shown to be extremely conductive in previous tactile sound research. And they also are some of the places that wouldn't cause bone conduction. Now, bone conduction is something kind of similar to tactile sound, but it's really just vibrations going through your skull, moving your eardrums to the same frequencies that you would be hearing the music. Bill Nye: Like when a dentist is drilling. Jonah Kohn: Exactly. That would be bone conduction. Cristin Dorgelo: None of us like that feeling or that sensation. Jonah Kohn: Yes. LeVar Burton: Making the world a better place through science. You rock. You rock. Bill Nye: Nicely done. Way to go. Cristin Dorgelo: Congrats, Jonah. Great to see you here. Yeah. Bill Nye: See you again in a few minutes. Very cool. Cristin Dorgelo: All right. We're here at the third White House Science Fair. Bill Nye: Reminds you of how little you've accomplished. Cristin Dorgelo: Really mind blowing students, aren't they? Bill Nye: Cool. Cristin Dorgelo: Amazing. So we're going to keep celebrating these students. Next up, Super-Awesome Sylvia. Hey, Sylvia, good to see you. Sylvia Todd: Hello. LeVar Burton: Super-Awesome Sylvia, good morning. Sylvia Todd: Good morning. Cristin Dorgelo: Tell us about your project. Sylvia Todd: Well, I have the WaterColorBot. It's a robot that paints with water colors. It's really neat. LeVar Burton: I saw a demonstration of this just the other day and it's pretty spectacular. How do you program it? Sylvia Todd: My dad did most of the programming. We have a Raspberry Pi which has a Wi-Fi dongel on it. So the Wi-Fi is connected to the EBB. And the EBB -- Bill Nye: The EBB is what? Sylvia Todd: Eyebot board. It controls the servomotors and the stepper motors which move the metal rods and the stringer rods. Bill Nye: XY thing. Sylvia Todd: Yeah. It sends XY coordinates to go to different points. Cristin Dorgelo: So are you giving a demo of this painting at the White House Science Fair today? Sylvia Todd: Yes. I'm probably going to have it so, when you doodle on the iPad, then it's going to doddle on to the paper. LeVar Burton: Little match move there. Cristin Dorgelo: So what's the cooler project you've seen here, other than yours so far? Sylvia Todd: I have walked around a little bit. I saw the International Space Station thing where they grab the thing and they put it up. That was pretty cool. Cristin Dorgelo: The space elevator, I love that project. Sylvia Todd: That was really cool. Cristin Dorgelo: Are you going to join their team next year? Sylvia Todd: I'm not really sure. They were really cool. Bill Nye: So on your XY -- what do we call it? Sylvia Todd: WaterColorBot. Bill Nye: WaterColorBot. You can magnify or shrink, right. Sylvia Todd: Yeah, sure. Bill Nye: Like a pentagraph, you know what I mean? You can write real small, and it will come out real big, and so on. Sylvia Todd: Yeah. Bill Nye: That's very cool. Cristin Dorgelo: So Sylvia, you consider yourself a maker. Is that right? Sylvia Todd: Right. Cristin Dorgelo: So what are makers and how do we get more of them? Sylvia Todd: Well, makers are people who like tinkering. They have their own hobbies. They like doing their own stuff. Just to be a maker, you really get out there and just do something, like actually put something together and, you know, have fun. LeVar Burton: What are the applications for your robot? Sylvia Todd: What do you mean? LeVar Burton: I mean, how might we use it in say a commercial sense? Or would it be developed as a toy? Or would it have a more practical use in the marketplace? Sylvia Todd: Well, I was just thinking it's available for kids to program, engineer, and learn how to use robotics. We hope for it to be a kit later on in late May. I just like really want to inspire kids out there to just make something. LeVar Burton: So what you've created is a teaching cool. Sylvia Todd: Yeah, practically. LeVar Burton: Yeah. Good for you. Well done. Cristin Dorgelo: So what are you going to build next after this device? Sylvia Todd: Not really sure. We're pretty busy. But I hope to kind of hack my RC Helicopter and have some fun with it. Cristin Dorgelo: A hacked RC Helicopter. That sounds fun. Will you send us a video when we do it? Sylvia Todd: Maybe. Cristin Dorgelo: Maybe. I hope to see it. Bill Nye: The helicopter will be taking a video of you and transmitting it to you. That's cool. Cristin Dorgelo: All right. Great to meet you. LeVar Burton: Congratulations. Bill Nye: Nicely done. This is great. Great! Cristin Dorgelo: So makers like Sylvia are going to get some new opportunities to play and make at new maker spaces that the Maker Education Initiative is helping to set up. That's one of the commitments to STEM and our Educate to Innovate initiative we're going to see today. So who's our next student we get to meet? Hi. I'm Cristin. Shaquiesha Davis: Shaquiesha. Cristin Dorgelo: Shaquiesha, good to meet you. LeVar Burton: Shaquiesha, good morning. You're from Chicago. Shaquiesha Davis: Yes. LeVar Burton: Yeah. Represent. Cristin Dorgelo: Tell us about your project. Shaquiesha Davis: I have developed an app called Baby B 4 Me. It's a mobile application that connects parents and care providers outside each other's presence. LeVar Burton: Wow! Bill Nye: So what, does it have a camera? What does it do? Shaquiesha Davis: It has a real-time chart update, a support net list, video, and text. The chart is where the parent goes in and put information such as take a nap and at what time they want their child to do this activity. And the care provider marks off when the activity is done. And the parent can check the chart at any time. Bill Nye: All from my phone. Shaquiesha Davis: Yes. Cristin Dorgelo: So how long have you been coding? Shaquiesha Davis: I have been coding since my freshmen year of high school, so about 14. Cristin Dorgelo: How did you get interested? Shaquiesha Davis: My school actually, Chicago Tech Academy, they teach us coding from the first day we walk in through the door. LeVar Burton: The Chicago Tech Academy. Shaquiesha Davis: Yes. LeVar Burton: Where is that? Shaquiesha Davis: It's on the Southwest side of Chicago. LeVar Burton: On the Southwest side. Shaquiesha Davis: It's a fairly new school. This is its fourth year, first graduating class. LeVar Burton: You're in the first graduating class? Shaquiesha Davis: No. LeVar Burton: No? Shaquiesha Davis: I'm only a junior. LeVar Burton: Wow! All right. One more year before you inherit the senior status. Bill Nye: Pretty cool. So what language do you code in? Shaquiesha Davis: I code in Objective C. But I've also used ACML, C-sharp, CSS, JavaScript. Bill Nye: So what do want to do if you go to college? Computer science? Is that your thing? Shaquiesha Davis: It's not my first, but I would. Bill Nye: What's your first? LeVar Burton: What's your first love? Shaquiesha Davis: My first love is nursing. I just love children, which is the idea behind the app. But I would like to get a minor in computer programming. LeVar Burton: I have no doubt that that is in your future. Cristin Dorgelo: Definitely. What inspired you to build this app in the first place? Shaquiesha Davis: Well, the first time I baby sat my nephew, his mom left so fast that she didn't leave a note. And I knew that he was on a schedule. I just didn't know what the schedule was. So she came back to pick him up and she asked what time did he take his nap, which is why I keep saying nap. And when I told her, she just was so frustrated because he was going to be up all night. So I realized that -- I knew that I wasn't the only person being faced with this problem. So I just decided to make an app for it and solve the problem. Bill Nye: How many lines of code in this app? A hundred, a thousand, 20,000, 50,000? Shaquiesha Davis: Between 100 and a thousand. It just depends on what type of thing you want to do. Cristin Dorgelo: So how do you think we get more girls interested in coding? Shaquiesha Davis: Well, at my school, we have a 50/50 ratio between boys and girls. And I believe that all the girls at my school are interested at coding. So just come to Chicago Tech Academy. LeVar Burton: Come to Chicago Tech. Cristin Dorgelo: Go to a good school. I like that answer. So thank you. What are you looking forward to at White House Science Fair today? Shaquiesha Davis: I'm looking forward to networking with other students that have an interest in me and presenting my business to the President. Cristin Dorgelo: That's fantastic. Congratulations. LeVar Burton: Shaquiesha, congratulations. Bill Nye: That's just cool. Way to go, Shaquiesha. LeVar Burton: Amazing! Good for you. Good for you. Cristin Dorgelo: All right. We're still here at the third White House Science Fair, first time we've been live from the science fair. I'm here with LeVar Burton and Bill Nye the Science Guy. What do you guys think so far of these projects? LeVar Burton: I'm blown away, I got to tell you. Bill Nye: I wanted my nephew to take a nap, so I wrote a thousand lines of computer code. Okay. Yeah, Of course you did. It's just cool! It's fantastic! LeVar Burton: I am not an engineer. I play one on TV. I barely understand what most of these kids are talking about. Very impressive. Very impressive. Cristin Dorgelo: So the President is going to get a chance to look at the 30 exhibits that are here today. And I know he will also be blown away and is very committed to seeing more students pursuing STEM through our Educate to Innovate initiative. What do you guys think we can do to spread the word about these types of program that are out there and get more kids involved in these types of STEM programs? Bill Nye: Well, this is exactly what we should be doing, having events like this, celebrating it so that people want to be involved or want to try it. LeVar Burton: So if you're out there and you have a mind for science, get busy. There will be another one of these next year. You could be here at the White House showing off your project to the executive branch. Cristin Dorgelo: And we hope that you continue to spread the word about the science fair today using the hashtag WhiteHouseScienceFair. Spread the word. How are you guys doing? LeVar Burton: Good morning. Bill Nye: Good morning. Cristin Dorgelo: I'm Cristin. Nice to meet you. Julie Xu: Julie. Cristin Dorgelo: Julie. Spencer Ottarson: Spencer. Cristin Dorgelo: Spencer. Great to meet you. LeVar Burton: Where are you all from? Julie Xu: Michigan. Williamston, Michigan. LeVar Burton: Williamstown, Michigan. Julie Xu: Yeah. Cristin Dorgelo: Tell us about your project. Spencer Ottarson: Well, we've created the ORCA system. It's a buoy that is designed to detect rip currents in the Great Lakes. Cristin Dorgelo: So are you demonstrating it in a tank today? Julie Xu: No. We didn't get to bring our tank today. But we have tested our actual flow meter and everything. So we know that that is operational. Cristin Dorgelo: And have you deployed it in the lake? Spencer Ottarson: No. We have not deployed it in the lake yet. It's still a work in process. At this point, the only thing that's been in the water is the flow meter. LeVar Burton: What's the value and the benefit of the technology that you've invented? Spencer Ottarson: Well, last year, over 100 people drowned in the Great Lakes. And almost a third of those were due to rip currents. LeVar Burton: Really. And so our invention is designed to help save those lives. Bill Nye: So these are people swimming near shore and they get swept out. Julie Xu: Yeah. And you can't see rip currents from the surface of lakes, which is what catches people off guard because often they're just swimming along and they look up and they're in the middle of a lake and they panic. LeVar Burton: So the idea would be to deploy a couple of these in any given lake area and that information would feed back to the lifeguard staff on shore? Spencer Ottarson: Well, our buoy is actually a modified swim area buoy or swim area marker. So the idea is to replace the current swim area markers on public beaches. And each of the buoys is a standalone system. So when it detects a rip current, it just lights up the light on top and beeps a siren. So each buoy along the lake, you'll know exactly where the current is. Bill Nye: How far apart are they? Julie Xu: We are thinking about 40 feet apart. Bill Nye: That's typical for a swim area. Julie Xu: Right. Bill Nye: So if a person's getting swept out, whoop, whoop, whoop, then here or she knows, then everybody knows. Julie Xu: Yeah. Get out of there. Don't go over there. Bill Nye: And plus maybe then to alert somebody on shore to come help. Julie Xu: That too. Yeah. Bill Nye: The whole thing is to swim sideways. That's the deal. Cristin Dorgelo: To get out. LeVar Burton: And not get sucked out to sea. Cristin Dorgelo: So how did you guys get inspired to build this? Is this part of a program you got involved with at school? Julie Xu: Yeah. We're actually a part of the Lemelson-MIT InvenTeam program. And InvenTeam are groups of students, teachers, and mentors. And we're awarded up to $10,000 to make our inventions a reality. Cristin Dorgelo: Wow. That's amazing. So it's partner organizations like that that help students like you get a chance to get hands on with science and technology. What kind of science and tech had to go into this project? What did you use in terms of science, technology, engineering, and math skills? Spencer Ottarson: Well, there's a lot of electrical systems. And the buoy, our sensor, our flow meter, we have to send a signal to the electronics box and process the signal and figure out when there's a rip current and when there isn't. Bill Nye: And it looks like it's solar powered. Spencer Ottarson: It is. It's also solar powered. So you can just leave it in the lake for all year. Bill Nye: But then there's a battery system probably. Julie Xu: Yeah, 12-volt battery. Bill Nye: And it's got to be durable. Julie Xu: Oh, yeah. Bill Nye: Waterproof, I hope. Cristin Dorgelo: Oh, yeah. With the waves. LeVar Burton: And corrosive insulated, yes? Spencer Ottarson: Right. Right now, it's mostly designed just for the Great Lakes which is fresh water. But the plan in the future is to also adapt it for salt water because there's a lot of rip currents in the oceans as well. Cristin Dorgelo: So is this your first time at the White House? Julie Xu: Yes. Spencer Ottarson: Yes. Cristin Dorgelo: Are you excited? Spencer Ottarson: Oh, yeah. Julie Xu: So exciting. Cristin Dorgelo: What are you excited for? Julie Xu: Just everyone, all these young people that are getting involved in science because, being from a smaller community, we don't get to see this kind of stuff often. And it's great to see everyone that's getting involved. Bill Nye: The President may get a chance to shake your hand. Julie Xu: I mean, that's pretty exciting too, I guess. Bill Nye: He can hope. He can dream. What I can't get over, Cristin, is the diversity of science programs that are represented here. LeVar Burton: In these projects, absolutely. Bill Nye: What's the name of yours, sir? It's going real fast. Julie Xu: Lemelson-MIT InvenTeam. Bill Nye: InvenTeam. That's cool. Cristin Dorgelo: Making ideas a reality through that $10,000. Julie Xu: Yeah. Bill Nye: So what year are you in high school? Spencer Ottarson: I'm a freshmen at Michigan State University. Julie Xu: I'm a senior at Williamstown High School. Cristin Dorgelo: Where are you planning to go to school? Julie Xu: Well, I'm wait listed at the school that I would like to go to. So if anyone from the University of Chicago is watching right now, I would really love to be a part of your great school. LeVar Burton: Come on, admissions! Get on the stick! Bill Nye: Chicago guy, yeah. What more do you need? She's at the White House. What time is it? They'll call any minute. Cristin Dorgelo: That's right. They'll be calling. Julie Xu: I hope so. Cristin Dorgelo: Well, I hone you guys enjoy the nice weather out here today. You guys are in the East Garden. Get to hang out outside and demonstrate your project outside. And so I hope you have a great trip to D.C. It's been great to meet you. Julie Xu: Thank you. Thanks a lot. Spencer Ottarson: Thank you. Cristin Dorgelo: Thanks. Bill Nye: Change the world. LeVar Burton: Congratulations to both of you. Congratulations. Julie Xu: Thank you. Cristin Dorgelo: All right. Hi, guys. Welcome. How are you liking the third White House Science Fair? Kiona Elliott: We're loving it. Cristin Dorgelo: And your names? Kiona Elliott: I'm Kiona Elliott. LeVar Burton: Hi, Kiona. Payton Karr: I'm Payton Karr. Cristin Dorgelo: Peyton, it's good to meet you. LeVar Burton: And you're both from the Lemelson MIT InvenTeam. Kiona Elliott: We're from the Northeast High School Lemelson MIT InvenTeam. Cristin Dorgelo: Northeast High School where? Kiona Elliott: In Oakland Park, Florida. Cristin Dorgelo: I see. So tell us about your project. Payton Karr: We can actually show you our project if you want to see it. Cristin Dorgelo: Awesome. We're going to walk right over here guys. Wow. Bill Nye: Buckets of water. Cristin Dorgelo: Nobody trip on any wires. Bill Nye: Here. Turn around. Let the cameras see you. Kiona Elliott: Our invention is an emergency water sanitation station. Basically the idea of it is to provide clean water for tropical areas in the event of a natural disaster such as Haiti or really any tropical area. Bill Nye: Why does it have to be tropical. Kiona Elliott: Well, we made it for tropical areas because it was actually designed after -- not the hurricane but the earthquake that happened in Haiti. Our team member was on a mission group there. And so we were thinking more, because we're in Florida and hurricanes are a big problem there and in a lot of other tropical areas. So it's really designed to be an emergency water system for tropical areas after a hurricane. Bill Nye: It's bicycle powered. Love that. LeVar Burton: Show us how it works. Walk us through the process. Bill Nye: I'm stepping back. Payton Karr: Well, one thing you did mention was that the bicycle powers the whole thing. We have a hub motor here on the back of the bicycle which charges the battery, powers everything here in the electrical box. It starts over here where you can add water into this 200 and 100 micron mesh that will filter out basically sand and sticks and different things. LeVar Burton: Large particles. Payton Karr: Then it's pumped through this box and into that container over there. When it's being pumped through the box, it is being sanitized by ozone generator here. And once it gets inside the box, the second ozone generator is turned on to continue cleaning the water so it's not recontaminated. Bill Nye: So why this big metal container -- enclosure? Face the camera, please. Kiona Elliott: Well, the big container is basically the way -- all of this is easily transportable and can break down. Bill Nye: Oh, this collapses. Kiona Elliott: It collapses, and can be placed inside this container. Then we close it up and, not only does our bike power our system but it can also transport our system. It can be hitched to this big trailer thing and then taken to whatever area that you need it to be in. LeVar Burton: That's ingenuous. It's a delivery system and a filtration system in one. Kiona Elliott: And it can also charge cellphones or any electricity that you need. So if you need a laptop -- I don't know why you would need a laptop in the middle of that area. Payton Karr: For communications. LeVar Burton: Who doesn't want to be connected these days? Absolutely. Who doesn't want to be connected. Bill Nye: Plus you want to be online if you can be. LeVar Burton: And that's run off the battery as well. Kiona Elliott: And the battery is just rechargeable, straight from the bike. Bill Nye: And this is all commercially available stuff, so it's going to be high reliability, we think. LeVar Burton: Ingenious. Bill Nye: Is this commercially available, this bucket? Kiona Elliott: Yeah. We just bought it right off line. Payton Karr: The only thing we added to it was the mesh filter which we kind of designed after an embroidery hoop. Kiona Elliott: We took inspiration -- our box is actually designed after a pizza box. Fourteen teenagers working over a box of pizza, things happen. (laughter) LeVar Burton: Pizza boxes as inspiration. Bill Nye: While they're needle pointing. Eating pizza and needle pointing. LeVar Burton: Well done. Payton Karr: Thank you. Kiona Elliott: Thank you. LeVar Burton: Well done. Bill Nye: So you identified a need and you addressed it. Payton Karr: Yes. Bill Nye: And any minute, it's going to come up. Has anybody approached you about manufacturing these things? Payton Karr: Well, we actually talked to the Red Cross about it. We still have to get back to them and answer some of their questions. But also, a missionary group approached us. They wanted to use it on their next mission strip. Bill Nye: Fantastic. LeVar Burton: Amazing. Cristin Dorgelo: All right, guys. Well, thank you. Kiona Elliott: Thank you. Payton Karr: Thank you. Bill Nye: You see, we're all speechless. Wow, what did I do in high school? Cristin Dorgelo: We're so impressed. So what are you guys going to do next, post science fair? Kiona Elliott: Well, we -- I'm graduating. Bill Nye: Where are you going to go to school? Kiona Elliott: I'm going to the University of Florida. Bill Nye: Oh, great. Cristin Dorgelo: And you? Payton Karr: I'm not graduating yet. I'm still a junior. I plan to continue this. I really want to make it available to the third-world countries after disasters so that we cannot just make it but actually have it put into use. Kiona Elliott: We're trying to get into contact with the Red Cross more so that they can actually mass produce this and then have their groups, whenever there is a disaster, they can just take this along with them. Cristin Dorgelo: Well, thanks guys. I appreciate you showing us your project. Great to meet you. LeVar Burton: Most impressive. Most impressive. Congratulations, ladies. Congratulations. Bill Nye: Cool. Change the world. Kiona Elliott: Thank you. LeVar Burton: Changing the world with science. Unbelievable. Cristin Dorgelo: All right. Well, thank you for joining us from the first live webcast of the White House Science Fair. Thank you, LeVar and Bill for joining us. It's been great. Bill Nye: It's an honor. LeVar Burton: Pleasure. Cristin Dorgelo: Keep watching. We're going to have more coverage of the White House Science Fair today. And spread the news with #WhiteHouseScienceFair. LeVar Burton: White House Science Fair. Peace y'all. Cristin Dorgelo: Bye-bye.

I'm in Dubna in Russia, the birthplace of six super-heavy elements. We are on the knavish набережная Менделеева (the Mendeleev Embankment). And here I am next to the statue of Dmitri Mendeleev and what I want to tell you about Is the things that I've learnt in the last few days about the chances of making the super-heavy elements; 119 [and] 120. So these are really special because they will begin the eighth period, the eighth row of Mendeleev's table. before I came here, two days ago, I thought that there was real questions whether or not it was possible ever to make these elements I now realize it's much more a technical problem People can see how this should be done, but they can't quite work out which is the best way. So let me try and explain to the problem. The real success in the last few years in making elements 113 to 118 has been in the projectile of the light atom that has been accelerated towards the target and this has been the very rare isotope of calcium calcium 48 that has a big excess of neutrons. The problem is that we have now got to the stage Where we have run out of suitable target materials. To make element 119 you need to have element 99. That's einsteinium as the target because calcium 20 + 99 makes 119 . The problem is that Einsteinium is a very difficult element to make. If the Oak Ridge National Laboratory runs a dedicated campaign to making it, they could make 40 micrograms which would cost somewhere between 5 and 10 million dollars and that would be enough to make a target that was only one and a half square centimeters in area. Much smaller than the current targets that are used for these experiments So a whole new technology will have to be developed to stop the target overheating. The other approach is to use a different projectile. There are ideas of using either 51 Titanium or 54 Chromium and the existing targets. The problem is that with Titanium and Chromium the chances of the successful collision taking place are much less than with calcium So you need a much more intense beam. So there's the technical problems; choosing your projectile, choosing your targets. Assuming you've done that, where on Earth can you do the experiment and this is why it's been so exciting being here in Dubna because they're building a special new facility with a more intense beam so that these experiments can be done and it has a terrific name the super-heavy element factory the building is built, or almost built, and the accelerator is just being assembled. Brady and I were really lucky, Yuri Oganessian, the person after whom element 118 was named, Oganesson. Took us for a private tour round the new Facility which is still being built. So, at the Center is a huge magnet that is going to be used for the cyclotron (the accelerator) Ions are accelerated whichever projectile they choose goes into the space between the poles of the magnet and is accelerated round and round in the spiral paths from the center to the outside and by the time we get to the outside it will be traveling at about a tenth of the speed of light. and at the moment they've just got the magnet in place. It weighs 1100 tons and at the moment they are measuring the magnetic field to make sure that the magnet is performing perfectly before they put the actual accelerator inside. The accelerator should be up and running by the end of this year 2017. so once the ions come out of the accelerator at this huge speed they go into the separator Which is rather like the switching system at a railway Junction which can send a beam down one of five different beam lines to five different experiments and that in itself is quite a huge piece of equipment but most exciting, of all Brady and I were taken into the room Where the targets going to be. We were the first visitors in this huge empty room And it was really quite moving to think this is where element 119 and 120 may be born. I was particularly fascinated they've already drilled the holes in the walls Where the beam is going to come through. So you can look through this hole and see the atoms eye view of the accelerator That what the target will see as the beams are coming towards it. I think this is fantastic it's completely empty room But this is the room where the new elements one 119 and 120 are likely to be made. So five years ago we made a video about preliminary experiments trying to make element 120 from Cytanium and Californium with a titanium projectile and a Californium target not here in Dubna but in Germany. The results were actually slightly more promising than I realized When I made that video. This is not the sort of experiment that will necessarily give you new iphone tomorrow But on the other hand it will give us a lot of scientific understanding. But the really Important message that I am brave got from this visit. Is that things are really quite well on track to make elements 119 and 120? whether it'll be in two years or five years or ten years nobody can tell. But certainly the science is there and we know where we're going and It looks really promising there two brands of calcium carbonate here Which are worth at least if you wanted to buy it would cost you about half a million dollars So my hands are getting quite cool

Oh, uh, uh, uh, sausage. Uh, uh, uh, uh, bratwurst? Oh, oh, a hot dog. Penny, aren’t you gonna draw something? Relax, we got time, this is so fun. There. A solar system. Uh, uh, uh, uh, um, unidentified flying liverwurst? I don’t… Now? Soon. Come on, Leonard, I am spoon-feeding this to you. I don’t know, uh, Casper the alcoholic ghost? All right, that’s enough. Uh, hands. Uh, nail, polish? Yep! Wait, no, no. No. The word is Polish. See, look. Polish sausage. And the, the model of the solar system developed by Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer. And then, finally, if that wasn’t enough, which it should have been, this is Madame Curie killing herself by discovering radium, who, although she was a naturalized French citizen, was Polish by birth. Excuse me, the word is polish. See? Small P. Ah. So it is. I guess we both share blame on this one.

Que tal foro? Foro, haveces han sentido que quieren lanzar m!€$da por ahi? Lo bueno es que hay un deporte para eso.. Lamentablemente, pienso que este chavo lo esta haciendo mal En la union sovietica, el martillo te lanza a ti! Vieron lo que hice?, ... no importa. Quiero decir, este chico, tomo mucho impulso en esa. No, pero para su suerte se levanta y no esta herido 9 00:00:31,320 --> 00:00:00,000 Pero men deves de dejar de estar tirando tus b*las asi por ahy Quiero decir... esperen.. no importa... foro, eh estado involucrado en muchas situaciones de confrontacion... Pero estoy seguro de que no eh visto a nadie mas enojado que esta rana.. Wow, alguien necesita calmarse.. Alguien necesita cambiarse sus pantalones felices.. Quiero decir.. miren que prepotente este men es.. Si, lo se.. Si rana, lo se.. Si, si lo entiendo, lady gaga devio haber gano el grammy, si lo entiendo.. Si pero esa no es una razon para enfadarse y no hables de taylor swift cantando asi.. Bueno, estoy seguro de que ella tambien desean que tengas squaids (sida en ardillas). Si rana, ya termine contigo.. rayos, peor que mi exnovia. Tengo un amigo que estuvo por aqui esta semana Si ese men MysteryGuitarMan Y el siguiente dia antes de que pudiera promoverlo.. Un video que el dirigio y edito, fue criticado... Ok, eso no fue todo, pero en realidad me gusto.Deverian checarlo. Pero en la mañana MysteryGuitarMan decia "No pueden decir nada malo de mi video" haha.. eso crees? Primero, si vas ah hacer un video de gente cambiado de playeras mejor que sean dos chicas calientes.. Nadie quiere ver un video de este anticuado y su papá. Y todo eso de jalar camisas, solo un drogadicto lo encontraria interesante Hablando de, sabes que deverias jalar de esas camisas magicas? un p*to trabajo real..yeah.. Solo digo.. Y entiendo que esta flameante camisa deve de ser ironica.. Pero es ironica por que eres un anticuado?... O es ironica porque describe tu flameante sexualidad..? y otra cosa.... "En realidad me gusta ese video" Callate Troll..... Y otra cosa.. ...Y talvez lanzarte enfrente de un p*To camion. y tu men, tu luces como cualquier pedofilo que ah tenido el placer de... 41 00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:00,000 Es este video una metafora de lo que les dices a los niños cuando juegan? "Hey niño quieres verme cambiandome la camisas?? es magia!! " Y honestamente no se quien es un p*uto error.. Este idiota o esta rana....? O este idiota y esta rana..!? Hahaha... perdon... no puedo pensar mas.. Para ser honesto con ustedes.. T-shirt war es uno de los mejores y mas creativos videos que eh visto... ..desde que empeze este canal, y eh visto un buen de m**rda... Y sinceramente felicito a RhettAndLink & MysteryGuitarMan.. Por poner juntos este increible video.. y que esto sirva para que estos chavos puedan mostrar su talento a mas y mas personas.. entonces el link esta a un lado.. Pero saben que no necesita promocion? La pregunta del dia. que viene del usuario "thejowi123" y dice.... ¿por que el mundo esta tan j*dido? Dejen su respuesta en la seccion de comentarios debajo.. Gracias por ver el episodio de hoy de =3.. Soy Ray William Johnson, y apruebo este mensaje... Y rapido, solo quiero decir que tenemos nuevas camisetas en la tienda como... Bang-- el gatito bailarin.. Bang-- Falso y gay.. Bang-- squaids.. Y la verdad inevitable, I´m doing yor mom.. Entonces chequenlas, estan cool y el link esta a un lado y.... creo que es todo.. Asi que diganme foro ¿cual es el mejor cumplido que te han dicho?.. Sinesterlinebacker:Tu NO eres el padre.. owensbroc2thec: Te googlee y regrese "porque".. Mrsuperjwewguy: Bonitos vellos.. Omgoyster: "Hueles mejor que ayer".. "Por que haces gracias de los videos de otros" No solo estaba bromeando men "Eres un troll" No! "Troll!!!"..

I wanted to find somebody who at that time, was an It Girl. But also at that time was somewhat, magical. She played the girl who made everybody else in the film feel big. She was the face that came on screen and told you she loved you and you thought, "Ah, I've made it! I can do anything!" Keyonna is a kid who very much wants to believe that she can do anything because if she can do anything, she can get out. Keyonna realizes that she doesn't need Natalie, is the moment she actually can become her actual best self.

Postcolonialism or postcolonial studies is the academic study of the cultural legacy of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the human consequences of the control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. Post colonialism is a critical theory analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of European imperial power. The name postcolonialism is modeled on postmodernism, with which it shares certain concepts and methods, and may be thought of as a reaction to or departure from colonialism in the same way postmodernism is a reaction to modernism. The ambiguous term colonialism may refer either to a system of government or to an ideology or world view underlying that system—in general postcolonialism represents an ideological response to colonialist thought, rather than simply describing a system that comes after colonialism. The term postcolonial studies may be preferred for this reason. Postcolonialism encompasses a wide variety of approaches, and theoreticians may not always agree on a common set of definitions. On a simple level, it may seek through anthropological study to build a better understanding of colonial life from the point of view of the colonized people, based on the assumption that the colonial rulers are unreliable narrators. On a deeper level, postcolonialism examines the social and political power relationships that sustain colonialism and neocolonialism, including the social, political and cultural narratives surrounding the colonizer and the colonized. This approach may overlap with contemporary history and critical theory, and may also draw examples from history, political science, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, and human geography. Sub-disciplines of postcolonial studies examine the effects of colonial rule on the practice of feminism, anarchism, literature and Christian thought. == Purpose and basic concepts == As an epistemology (the study of knowledge, its nature and verifiability), as an ethics (moral philosophy), and as a politics (affairs of the citizenry), the field of postcolonialism addresses the politics of knowledge—the matters that constitute the postcolonial identity of a decolonized people, which derives from: (i) the colonizer's generation of cultural knowledge about the colonized people; and (ii) how that Western cultural knowledge was applied to subjugate a non–European people into a colony of the European mother country, which, after initial invasion, was effected by means of the cultural identities of 'colonizer' and 'colonized'.Postcolonialism is aimed at destabilizing these theories (intellectual and linguistic, social and economic) by means of which colonialists "perceive", "understand", and "know" the world. Postcolonial theory thus establishes intellectual spaces for subaltern peoples to speak for themselves, in their own voices, and thus produce cultural discourses of philosophy, language, society and economy, balancing the imbalanced us-and-them binary power-relationship between the colonist and the colonial subjects. === Colonialist discourse === Colonialism was presented as "the extension of civilization", which ideologically justified the self-ascribed racial and cultural superiority of the Western world over the non-Western world. This concept was espoused by Joseph-Ernest Renan in La Réforme intellectuelle et morale (1871), whereby imperial stewardship was thought to affect the intellectual and moral reformation of the coloured peoples of the lesser cultures of the world. That such a divinely established, natural harmony among the human races of the world would be possible, because everyone has an assigned cultural identity, a social place, and an economic role within an imperial colony. Thus: The regeneration of the inferior or degenerate races, by the superior races is part of the providential order of things for humanity.... Regere imperio populos is our vocation. Pour forth this all-consuming activity onto countries, which, like China, are crying aloud for foreign conquest. Turn the adventurers who disturb European society into a ver sacrum, a horde like those of the Franks, the Lombards, or the Normans, and every man will be in his right role. Nature has made a race of workers, the Chinese race, who have wonderful manual dexterity, and almost no sense of honour; govern them with justice, levying from them, in return for the blessing of such a government, an ample allowance for the conquering race, and they will be satisfied; a race of tillers of the soil, the Negro; treat him with kindness and humanity, and all will be as it should; a race of masters and soldiers, the European race.... Let each do what he is made for, and all will be well. From the mid- to the late-nineteenth century, such racialist group-identity language was the cultural common-currency justifying geopolitical competition amongst the European and American empires and meant to protect their over-extended economies. Especially in the colonization of the Far East and in the late-nineteenth century Scramble for Africa, the representation of a homogeneous European identity justified colonization. Hence, Belgium and Britain, and France and Germany proffered theories of national superiority that justified colonialism as delivering the light of civilization to unenlightened peoples. Notably, la mission civilisatrice, the self-ascribed 'civilizing mission' of the French Empire, proposed that some races and cultures have a higher purpose in life, whereby the more powerful, more developed, and more civilized races have the right to colonize other peoples, in service to the noble idea of "civilization" and its economic benefits. === Postcolonial identity === Decolonized people develop a postcolonial identity that is based on cultural interactions between different identities (cultural, national, and ethnic as well as gender and class based) which are assigned varying degrees of social power by the colonial society. In postcolonial literature, the anti-conquest narrative analyzes the identity politics that are the social and cultural perspectives of the subaltern colonial subjects—their creative resistance to the culture of the colonizer; how such cultural resistance complicated the establishment of a colonial society; how the colonizers developed their postcolonial identity; and how neocolonialism actively employs the Us-and-Them binary social relation to view the non-Western world as inhabited by The Other. The neocolonial discourse of geopolitical homogeneity relegating the decolonized peoples, their cultures, and their countries, to an imaginary place, such as "the Third World", an over-inclusive term that usually comprises continents and seas, i.e. Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania. The postcolonial critique analyzes the self-justifying discourse of neocolonialism and the functions (philosophic and political) of its over-inclusive terms, to establish the factual and cultural inaccuracy of homogeneous concepts, such as "the Arabs" and "the First World", "Christendom" and "the Ummah", actually comprise heterogeneous peoples, cultures, and geography, and that accurate descriptions of the world's peoples, places, and things require nuanced and accurate terms. === Difficulty of definition === As a contemporary-history term, postcolonialism occasionally is applied temporally, to denote the immediate time after colonialism, which is a problematic application of the term, because the immediate, historical, political time is not included in the categories of critical identity-discourse, which deals with over-inclusive terms of cultural representation, which are abrogated and replaced by postcolonial criticism. As such, the terms postcolonial and postcolonialism denote aspects of the subject matter, which indicate that the decolonized world is an intellectual space "of contradictions, of half-finished processes, of confusions, of hybridity, and of liminalities".In Post-Colonial Drama: Theory, Practice, Politics (1996), Helen Gilbert and Joanne Tompkins clarified the denotational functions, among which: The term post-colonialism—according to a too-rigid etymology—is frequently misunderstood as a temporal concept, meaning the time after colonialism has ceased, or the time following the politically determined Independence Day on which a country breaks away from its governance by another state. Not a naïve teleological sequence, which supersedes colonialism, post-colonialism is, rather, an engagement with, and contestation of, colonialism's discourses, power structures, and social hierarchies.... A theory of post-colonialism must, then, respond to more than the merely chronological construction of post-independence, and to more than just the discursive experience of imperialism. The term post-colonialism is also applied to denote the Mother Country's neocolonial control of the decolonized country, effected by the legalistic continuation of the economic, cultural, and linguistic power relationships that controlled the colonial politics of knowledge (the generation, production, and distribution of knowledge) about the colonized peoples of the non–Western world. The cultural and religious assumptions of colonialist logic remain active practices in contemporary society, and are the basis of the Mother Country's neocolonial attitude towards her former colonial subjects—an economical source of labour and raw materials. == Notable theoreticians == === Frantz Fanon === In The Wretched of the Earth (1961), the psychiatrist and philosopher Frantz Fanon analyzed and medically described the nature of colonialism as essentially destructive. Its societal effects—the imposition of a subjugating colonial identity—are harmful to the mental health of the native peoples who were subjugated into colonies. Fanon wrote the ideological essence of colonialism is the systematic denial of "all attributes of humanity" of the colonized people. Such dehumanization is achieved with physical and mental violence, by which the colonist means to inculcate a servile mentality upon the natives. For Fanon the natives must violently resist colonial subjugation. Hence, Fanon describes violent resistance to colonialism as a mentally cathartic practice, which purges colonial servility from the native psyche, and restores self-respect to the subjugated. Thus, Fanon actively supported and participated in the Algerian Revolution (1954–62) for independence from France as a member and representative of the Front de Libération Nationale.As postcolonial praxis, Fanon's mental-health analyses of colonialism and imperialism, and the supporting economic theories, were partly derived from the essay Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1916), wherein Vladimir Lenin described colonial imperialism as a degenerate form of capitalism, which requires greater degrees of human exploitation to ensure continually consistent profit for investment. === Edward Said === Cultural critic Edward Said is considered by E. San Juan, Jr. as "the originator and inspiring patron-saint of postcolonial theory and discourse" due to his theory of Orientalism explained in his 1978 book of the same name. To describe the us-and-them "binary social relation" with which Western Europe intellectually divided the world—into the "Occident" and the "Orient"— Said developed the denotations and connotations of the term Orientalism (an art-history term for Western depictions and the study of the Orient). Said's concept (which he also termed "Orientalism") is that the cultural representations generated with the us-and-them binary relation are social constructs, which are mutually constitutive and cannot exist independent of each other, because each exists on account of and for the other.Notably, "the West" created the cultural concept of "the East", which according to Said allowed the Europeans to suppress the peoples of the Middle East, of the Indian Subcontinent, and of Asia, from expressing and representing themselves as discrete peoples and cultures. Orientalism thus conflated and reduced the non–Western world into the homogeneous cultural entity known as "the East". Therefore, in service to the colonial type of imperialism, the us-and-them Orientalist paradigm allowed European scholars to represent the Oriental World as inferior and backward, irrational and wild, as opposed to a Western Europe that was superior and progressive, rational and civil—the opposite of the Oriental Other. In "Edward Said: The Exile as Interpreter" (1993), about Said's Orientalism (1978), A. Madhavan said that "Said's passionate thesis in that book, now an 'almost canonical study', represented Orientalism as a 'style of thought' based on the antinomy of East and West in their world-views, and also as a 'corporate institution' for dealing with the Orient."In concordance with the philosopher Michel Foucault, Said established that power and knowledge are the inseparable components of the intellectual binary relationship with which Occidentals claim "knowledge of the Orient". That the applied power of such cultural knowledge allowed Europeans to rename, re-define, and thereby control Oriental peoples, places, and things, into imperial colonies. The power–knowledge binary relation is conceptually essential to identify and understand colonialism in general, and European colonialism in particular. Hence, To the extent that Western scholars were aware of contemporary Orientals or Oriental movements of thought and culture, these were perceived either as silent shadows to be animated by the Orientalist, brought into reality by them, or as a kind of cultural and international proletariat useful for the Orientalist's grander interpretive activity. Nonetheless, critics of the homogeneous "Occident–Orient" binary social relation, said that Orientalism is of limited descriptive capability and practical application, and proposed that there are variants of Orientalism that apply to Africa and to Latin America. Said replied that the European West applied Orientalism as a homogeneous form of The Other, in order to facilitate the formation of the cohesive, collective European cultural identity denoted by the term "The West".With this described binary logic, the West generally constructs the Orient subconsciously as its alter ego. Therefore, descriptions of the Orient by the Occident lack material attributes, grounded within land. This inventive, or imaginative interpretation subscribes female characteristics to the Orient and plays into fantasies that are inherent within the West's alter ego. It should be understood that this process draws creativity, amounting an entire domain and discourse. In Orientalism, Said mentions the production of "philology [the study of the history of languages], lexicography [dictionary making], history, biology, political and economic theory, novel-writing and lyric poetry" (p. 6). Therefore, there is an entire industry that exploits the Orient for its own subjective purposes that lack a native and intimate understanding. Such industries become institutionalized and eventually become a resource for manifest Orientalism, or a compilation of misinformation about the Orient. The ideology of Empire was hardly ever a brute jingoism; rather, it made subtle use of reason, and recruited science and history to serve its ends. —Imperial Fictions: Europe's Myths of Orient (p. 6) These subjective fields of academia now synthesize the political resources and think-tanks that are so common in the West today. Orientalism is self-perpetuating to the extent that it becomes normalized within common discourse, making people say things that are latent, impulsive, or not fully conscious of its own self. === Gayatri Spivak === In establishing the Postcolonial definition of the term subaltern, the philosopher and theoretician Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak cautioned against assigning an over-broad connotation. She argues: ... subaltern is not just a classy word for "oppressed", for The Other, for somebody who's not getting a piece of the pie. ... In postcolonial terms, everything that has limited or no access to the cultural imperialism is subaltern—a space of difference. Now, who would say that's just the oppressed? The working class is oppressed. It's not subaltern. ... Many people want to claim subalternity. They are the least interesting and the most dangerous. I mean, just by being a discriminated-against minority on the university campus; they don't need the word 'subaltern' ... They should see what the mechanics of the discrimination are. They're within the hegemonic discourse, wanting a piece of the pie, and not being allowed, so let them speak, use the hegemonic discourse. They should not call themselves subaltern. Spivak also introduced the terms essentialism and strategic essentialism to describe the social functions of postcolonialism. The term essentialism denotes the perceptual dangers inherent to reviving subaltern voices in ways that might (over) simplify the cultural identity of heterogeneous social groups and, thereby, create stereotyped representations of the different identities of the people who compose a given social group. The term strategic essentialism denotes a temporary, essential group-identity used in the praxis of discourse among peoples. Furthermore, essentialism can occasionally be applied—by the so-described people—to facilitate the subaltern's communication in being heeded, heard, and understood, because a strategic essentialism (a fixed and established subaltern identity) is more readily grasped, and accepted, by the popular majority, in the course of inter-group discourse. The important distinction, between the terms, is that strategic essentialism does not ignore the diversity of identities (cultural and ethnic) in a social group, but that, in its practical function, strategic essentialism temporarily minimizes inter-group diversity to pragmatically support the essential group-identity.Spivak developed and applied Foucault's term epistemic violence to describe the destruction of non–Western ways of perceiving the world and the resultant dominance of the Western ways of perceiving the world. Conceptually, epistemic violence specifically relates to women, whereby the "Subaltern [woman] must always be caught in translation, never [allowed to be] truly expressing herself", because the colonial power's destruction of her culture pushed to the social margins her non–Western ways of perceiving, understanding, and knowing the world.In June of the year 1600, the Afro–Iberian woman Francisca de Figueroa requested from the King of Spain his permission for her to emigrate from Europe to New Spain, and reunite with her daughter, Juana de Figueroa. As a subaltern woman, Francisca repressed her native African language, and spoke her request in Peninsular Spanish, the official language of Colonial Latin America. As a subaltern woman, she applied to her voice the Spanish cultural filters of sexism, Christian monotheism, and servile language, in addressing her colonial master: I, Francisca de Figueroa, mulatta in colour, declare that I have, in the city of Cartagena, a daughter named Juana de Figueroa; and she has written, to call for me, in order to help me. I will take with me, in my company, a daughter of mine, her sister, named María, of the said colour; and for this, I must write to Our Lord the King to petition that he favour me with a licence, so that I, and my said daughter, can go and reside in the said city of Cartagena. For this, I will give an account of what is put down in this report; and of how I, Francisca de Figueroa, am a woman of sound body, and mulatta in colour […] And my daughter María is twenty-years-old, and of the said colour, and of medium size. Once given, I attest to this. I beg your Lordship to approve, and order it done. I ask for justice in this. [On the twenty-first day of the month of June 1600, Your Majesty's Lords Presidents and Official Judges of this House of Contract Employment order that the account she offers be received, and that testimony for the purpose she requests given.] Moreover, Spivak further cautioned against ignoring subaltern peoples as "cultural Others", and said that the West could progress—beyond the colonial perspective—by means of introspective self-criticism of the basic ideals and investigative methods that establish a culturally superior West studying the culturally inferior non–Western peoples. Hence, the integration of the subaltern voice to the intellectual spaces of social studies is problematic, because of the unrealistic opposition to the idea of studying "Others"; Spivak rejected such an anti-intellectual stance by social scientists, and about them said that "to refuse to represent a cultural Other is salving your conscience […] allowing you not to do any homework." Moreover, postcolonial studies also reject the colonial cultural depiction of subaltern peoples as hollow mimics of the European colonists and their Western ways; and rejects the depiction of subaltern peoples as the passive recipient-vessels of the imperial and colonial power of the Mother Country. Consequent to Foucault's philosophic model of the binary relationship of power and knowledge, scholars from the Subaltern Studies Collective, proposed that anti-colonial resistance always counters every exercise of colonial power. === Homi K. Bhabha === In The Location of Culture (1994), the theoretician Homi K. Bhabha argued that viewing the human world as composed of separate and unequal cultures, rather than as an integral human world, perpetuates the belief in the existence of imaginary peoples and places—"Christendom" and "The Islamic World", "The First World", "The Second World", and "The Third World". To counter such linguistic and sociologic reductionism, postcolonial praxis establishes the philosophic value of hybrid intellectual spaces, wherein ambiguity abrogates truth and authenticity; thereby, hybridity is the philosophic condition that most substantively challenges the ideological validity of colonialism. === R. Siva Kumar === In 1997, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of India's Independence, Santiniketan: The Making of a Contextual Modernism was an important exhibition curated by R. Siva Kumar at the National Gallery of Modern Art.In his catalogue essay, Kumar introduced the term Contextual Modernism, which later emerged as a postcolonial critical tool in the understanding of Indian art, specifically the works of Nandalal Bose, Rabindranath Tagore, Ramkinkar Baij and Benode Behari Mukherjee. Santiniketan artists did not believe that to be indigenous one has to be historicist either in theme or in style, and similarly to be modern one has to adopt a particular trans-national formal language or technique. Modernism was to them neither a style nor a form of internationalism. It was critical re-engagement with the foundational aspects of art necessitated by changes in one's unique historical position. In the postcolonial history of art, this marked the departure from Eurocentric unilateral idea of Modernism to alternative context sensitive Modernisms. The brief survey of the individual works of the core Santiniketan artists and the thought perspectives they open up makes clear that though there were various contact points in the work they were not bound by a continuity of style but buy a community of ideas. Which they not only shared but also interpreted and carried forward. Thus they do not represent a school but a movement. Several terms including Paul Gilroy's counter culture of modernity and Tani E. Barlow's Colonial modernity have been used to describe the kind of alternative modernity that emerged in non-European contexts. Professor Gall argues that 'Contextual Modernism' is a more suited term because "the colonial in colonial modernity does not accommodate the refusal of many in colonized situations to internalize inferiority. Santiniketan's artist teachers' refusal of subordination incorporated a counter vision of modernity, which sought to correct the racial and cultural essentialism that drove and characterized imperial Western modernity and modernism. Those European modernities, projected through a triumphant British colonial power, provoked nationalist responses, equally problematic when they incorporated similar essentialisms." === Dipesh Chakrabarty === In Provincializing Europe (2000), Dipesh Chakrabarty charted the subaltern history of the Indian struggle for independence, and countered Eurocentric, Western scholarship about non-Western peoples and cultures, by proposing that Western Europe simply be considered as culturally equal to the other cultures of the world, that is, as "one region among many" in human geography. === Derek Gregory === Derek Gregory argues the long trajectory through history of British and American colonization is an ongoing process still happening today. In The Colonial Present, Gregory traces connections between the geopolitics of events happening in modern-day Afghanistan, Palestine, and Iraq and links it back to the us-and-them binary relation between the Western and Eastern world. Building upon the ideas of the other and Said's work on orientalism, Gregory critiques the economic policy, military apparatus, and transnational corporations as vehicles driving present day colonialism. Emphasizing ideas of discussing ideas around colonialism in the present tense, Gregory utilizes modern events such as the September 11 attacks to tell spatial stories around the colonial behavior happening due to the War on Terror. === Amar Acheraiou === Acheraiou argues that colonialism was a capitalist venture moved by appropriation and plundering of foreign lands and was supported by military force and a discourse that legitimized violence in the name of progress and a universal civilizing mission. This discourse is complex and multi-faceted. It was elaborated in the 19th century by colonial ideologues such as Joseph-Ernest Renan and Arthur de Gobineau, but its roots reach far back in history. In Rethinking Postcolonialism: Colonialist Discourse in Modern Literature and the Legacy of Classical Writers, Amar Acheraiou discusses the history of colonialist discourse and traces its spirit to ancient Greece, including Europe's claim to racial supremacy and right to rule over non-Europeans harboured by Renan and other 19th century colonial ideologues. He argues that modern colonial representations of the colonized as "inferior", "stagnant" and "degenerate" were borrowed from Greek and Latin authors like Lysias (440–380 BC), Isocrates (436–338 BC), Plato (427–327 BC), Aristotle (384—322 BC), Cicero (106–43 BC), and Sallust (86–34 BC), who all considered their racial others – the Persians, Scythians, Egyptians as "backward", "inferior", and "effeminate". Among these ancient writers Aristotle is the one who articulated more thoroughly these ancient racial assumptions, which served as a source of inspiration for modern colonists. In The Politics, he established a racial classification and ranked the Greeks superior to the rest. He considered them as an ideal race to rule over Asian and other 'barbarian' peoples, for they knew how to blend the spirit of the European "war-like races" with Asiatic "intelligence" and "competence".Ancient Rome was a source of admiration in Europe since the enlightenment. In France, Voltaire (1694-1778) was one of the most fervent admirers of Rome. He regarded highly the Roman republican values of rationality, democracy, order and justice. In early-eighteenth century Britain, it was poets and politicians like Joseph Addison (1672–1719) and Richard Glover (1712 –1785) who were vocal advocates of these ancient republican values. It was in the mid-eighteenth century that ancient Greece became a source of admiration among the French and British. This enthusiasm gained prominence in the late-eighteenth century. It was spurred by German Hellenist scholars and English romantic poets: Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768), Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835), and Goethe (1749–1832), Lord Byron (1788–1824), Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834), Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822), and John Keats (1795–1821). These scholars and poets regarded ancient Greece as the matrix of Western civilization and a model of beauty and democracy.In the nineteenth century when Europe began to expand across the globe and establish colonies, ancient Greece and Rome were used as a source of empowerment and justification to Western civilizing mission. At this period, many French and British imperial ideologues identified strongly with the ancient empires and invoked ancient Greece and Rome to justify the colonial civilizing project. They urged European colonizers to emulate these "ideal" classical conquerors, whom they regarded as "universal instructors". For Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859), an ardent and influential advocate of la "Grande France," the classical empires were model conquerors to imitate. He advised the French colonists in Algeria to follow the ancient imperial example. In 1841, he stated: 'what matters most when we want to set up and develop a colony is to make sure that those who arrive in it are as less estranged as possible, that these newcomers meet a perfect image of their homeland….the thousand colonies that the Greeks founded on the Mediterranean coasts were all exact copies of the Greek cities on which they had been modelled. The Romans established in almost all parts of the globe known to them municipalities which were no more than miniature Romes. Among modern colonizers, the English did the same. Who can prevent us from emulating these European peoples?'. The Greeks and Romans were deemed exemplary conquerors and "heuristic teachers", whose lessons were invaluable for modern colonists ideologues. John-Robert Seeley (1834-1895), a history professor at Cambridge and proponent of imperialism stated in a rhetoric which echoed that of Renan that the role of the British Empire was 'similar to that of Rome, in which we hold the position of not merely of ruling but of an educating and civilizing race."The incorporation of ancient concepts and racial and cultural assumptions into modern imperial ideology bolstered colonial claims to supremacy and right to colonize non-Europeans. Because of these numerous ramifications between ancient representations and modern colonial rhetoric, 19th century's colonialist discourse acquires a "multi-layered" or "palimpsestic" structure. It forms a "historical, ideological and narcissistic continuum," in which modern theories of domination feed upon and blend with "ancient myths of supremacy and grandeur". == "Postcolonial literary study" == As a literary theory, postcolonialism deals with the literatures produced by the peoples who once were colonies of the European imperial powers (e.g. Britain, France, and Spain) and the literatures of the decolonized countries engaged in contemporary, postcolonial arrangements (e.g. Organisation internationale de la Francophonie and the Commonwealth of Nations) with their former mother countries. Postcolonial literary criticism comprehends the literatures written by the colonizer and the colonized, wherein the subject matter includes portraits of the colonized peoples and their lives as imperial subjects. In Dutch literature, the Indies Literature includes the colonial and postcolonial genres, which examine and analyze the formation of a postcolonial identity, and the postcolonial culture produced by the diaspora of the Indo-European peoples, the Eurasian folk who originated from Indonesia; the peoples who were the colony of the Dutch East Indies; in the literature, the notable author is Tjalie Robinson.J.M Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians(1980) depicts the unfair and inhuman situation of people dominated by settlers. To perpetuate and facilitate control of the colonial enterprise, some colonized people, especially from among the subaltern peoples of the British Empire, were sent to attend university in the Imperial Motherland; they were to become the native-born, but Europeanised, ruling class of colonial satraps. Yet, after decolonization, their bicultural educations originated postcolonial criticism of empire and colonialism, and of the representations of the colonist and the colonized. In the late twentieth century, after the dissolution of the USSR (1991), the constituent soviet socialist republics became the literary subjects of postcolonial criticism, wherein the writers dealt with the legacies (cultural, social, economic) of the Russification of their peoples, countries, and cultures in service to Greater Russia.Postcolonial literary study is in two categories: (i) that of the postcolonial nations, and (ii) that of the nations who continue forging a postcolonial national identity. The first category of literature presents and analyzes the internal challenges inherent to determining an ethnic identity in a decolonized nation. The second category of literature presents and analyzes the degeneration of civic and nationalist unities consequent to ethnic parochialism, usually manifested as the demagoguery of "protecting the nation", a variant of the Us-and-Them binary social relation. Civic and national unity degenerate when a patriarchal régime unilaterally defines what is and what is not "the national culture" of the decolonized country; the nation-state collapses, either into communal movements, espousing grand political goals for the postcolonial nation; or into ethnically mixed communal movements, espousing political separatism, as occurred in decolonized Rwanda, the Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; thus the postcolonial extremes against which Frantz Fanon warned in 1961. Regarding sociolinguistic interpretations of literary texts through postcolonial lenses we may refer to Jaydeep Sarangi's book, Indian Novels in English: A Sociolinguistic Study (2005). == Application == === The Middle East === In the essays "Overstating the Arab State" (2001), by Nazih Ayubi, and "Is Jordan Palestine?" (2003), by Raphael Israel, the authors deal with the psychologically fragmented postcolonial identity, as determined by the effects (political and social, cultural and economic) of Western colonialism in the Middle East. As such, the fragmented national identity remains a characteristic of such societies, consequence of the imperially convenient, but arbitrary, colonial boundaries (geographic and cultural) demarcated by the Europeans, with which they ignored the tribal and clan relations that determined the geographic borders of the Middle East countries, before the arrival of European imperialists. Hence, the postcolonial literature about the Middle East examines and analyzes the Western discourses about identity formation, the existence and inconsistent nature of a postcolonial national-identity among the peoples of the contemporary Middle East. In the essay "Who Am I?: The Identity Crisis in the Middle East" (2006), P.R. Kumaraswamy said: Most countries of the Middle East, suffered from the fundamental problems over their national identities. More than three-quarters of a century after the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, from which most of them emerged, these states have been unable to define, project, and maintain a national identity that is both inclusive and representative. Independence and the end of colonialism did not end social fragmentation and war (civil and international) in the Middle East. In The Search for Arab Democracy: Discourses and Counter-Discourses (2004), Larbi Sadiki said that the problems of national identity in the Middle East are a consequence of the Orientalist indifference of the European empires when they demarcated the political borders of their colonies, which ignored the local history and the geographic and tribal boundaries observed by the natives, in the course of establishing the Western version of the Middle East. In the event, "in places like Iraq and Jordan, leaders of the new sovereign states were brought in from the outside, [and] tailored to suit colonial interests and commitments. Likewise, most states in the Persian Gulf were handed over to those [Europeanised colonial subjects] who could protect and safeguard imperial interests in the post-withdrawal phase." Moreover, "with notable exceptions like Egypt, Iran, Iraq, and Syria, most [countries] ... [have] had to [re]invent, their historical roots" after decolonization, and, "like its colonial predecessor, postcolonial identity owes its existence to force." === Africa === In the late 19th century, the Scramble for Africa (1874–1914) proved to be the tail end of mercantilist colonialism of the European imperial powers, yet, for the Africans, the consequences were greater than elsewhere in the colonized non–Western world. To facilitate the colonization the European empires laid railroads where the rivers and the land proved impassable. The Imperial British railroad effort proved overambitious in the effort of traversing continental Africa, yet succeeded only in connecting colonial North Africa (Cairo) with the colonial south of Africa (Cape Town). Upon arriving to Africa, the Europeans encountered the native African civilizations of the Ashanti Empire, the Benin Empire, the Kingdom of Dahomey, the Buganda Kingdom (Uganda), and the Kingdom of Kongo, all of which were annexed by imperial powers under the belief that they required European stewardship, as proposed and justified in the essay "The African Character" (1830), by G. W. F. Hegel, in keeping with his philosophic opinion that cultures were stages in the course of the historical unfolding of The Absolute. Nigeria was the homeland of the Hausa people, the Yoruba people and the Igbo people; which last were among the first people to develop their history in constructing a postcolonial identity. (See: Things Fall Apart, 1958). About East Africa, the Kenyan writer Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o wrote Weep Not, Child (1964), the first postcolonial novel about the East African experience of colonial imperialism; in The River Between (1965), with the Mau Mau Uprising (1952–60) as political background, he addressed the postcolonial matters of native religious culture, and the consequences of the imposition of Christianity, a religion culturally foreign to Kenya and to most of Africa; and the essay Decolonizing the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature (1986). In postcolonial countries of Africa, the Africans and the non–Africans live in a world of genders, ethnicities, classes and languages, of ages, families, professions, religions and nations. There is a suggestion that individualism and postcolonialism are essentially discontinuous and divergent cultural phenomena. === Asia === French Indochina was divided into five subdivisions: Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, Cambodia and Laos. Cochinchina (southern Vietnam) was the first territory under French Control. Saigon was conquered in 1859. Then, in 1887, the Indochinese Union (Union indochinoise) was established. In 1924, Nguyen Ai Quoc Ho Chi Minh wrote the first critical text against the French colonization: Le Procès de la colonization française (French Colonization on Trial) Trinh T. Minh-ha has been developing her innovative theories about postcolonialism in various means of expression, literature, films, and teaching. She is best known for her film "Reassemblage", made in 1982, in which she tried to deconstruct anthropology, as a "western male hegemonic ideology". In 1989 she wrote "Woman, Native, Other: Writing Postcoloniality and Feminism", where she focuses on the acknowledgement of oral tradition. === Structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) === Structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) implemented by the World Bank and IMF are viewed by some postcolonialists as the modern procedure of colonization. Structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) calls for trade liberalization, privatization of banks, health care, and educational institutions. These implementations minimized government's role, paved pathways for companies to enter Africa for its resources. Limited to production and exportation of cash crops, many African nations acquired more debt, and were left stranded in a position where acquiring more loan and continuing to pay high interest became an endless cycle.Osterhammel's The Dictionary of Human Geography uses the definition of colonialism as "enduring relationship of domination and mode of dispossession, usually (or at least initially) between an indigenous (or enslaved) majority and a minority of interlopers (colonizers), who are convinced of their own superiority, pursue their own interests, and exercise power through a mixture of coercion, persuasion, conflict and collaboration". The definition adopted by The Dictionary of Human Geography suggests that the Structural adjustment programmes implemented by the Washington Consensus is indeed an act of colonization. == Criticism == === Undermining of universal values === Indian Marxist scholar Vivek Chibber has critiqued some foundational logics of postcolonial theory in his book Postcolonial Theory and the Specter of Capital. Developing on Aijaz Ahmad's earlier critique of Said's Orientalism and Sumit Sarkar's critique of the subaltern studies scholars. Chibber focuses on and refutes the principal historical claims made by the subaltern studies scholars, claims which are representative of the whole of postcolonial theory. Postcolonial theory, he argues, essentializes cultures, painting them as fixed and static categories. Moreover, it presents the difference between East and West as unbridgeable, hence denying people's "universal aspirations" and "universal interests". He also criticized the postcolonial tendency to characterize all of Enlightenment values as Eurocentric. According to him, the theory will be remembered "for its revival of cultural essentialism and its acting as an endorsement of orientalism, rather than being an antidote to it." === Fixation on national identity === The concentration of postcolonial studies upon the subject of national identity has determined it is essential to the creation and establishment of a stable nation and country in the aftermath of decolonization; yet indicates that either an indeterminate or an ambiguous national identity has tended to limit the social, cultural, and economic progress of a decolonized people. In Overstating the Arab State (2001), by Nazih Ayubi, the Moroccan scholar Bin 'Abd al-'Ali proposed that the existence of "a pathological obsession with ... identity" is a cultural theme common to the contemporary academic field Middle Eastern Studies.Nevertheless, Kumaraswamy and Sadiki said that such a common sociological problem—that of an indeterminate national identity—among the countries of the Middle East is an important aspect that must be accounted in order to have an understanding of the politics of the contemporary Middle East. In the event, Ayubi asks if what 'Bin Abd al–'Ali sociologically described as an obsession with national identity might be explained by "the absence of a championing social class?" == Foundation works == Le Procès de la colonization française (French Colonization on Trial) (1924), by Nguyen Ai Quoc known as Ho Chi Minh Discourse on Colonialism (1950), by Aimé Césaire Black Skin, White Masks (1952), by Frantz Fanon The Wretched of the Earth (1961), by Frantz Fanon The Colonizer and the Colonized (1965), by Albert Memmi Consciencism (1970), by Kwame Nkrumah Orientalism (1978), by Edward Said Can the Subaltern Speak? (1988), by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak == Postcolonial literature == === Contemporary authors of postcolonial fiction === Chinua Achebe (1930–2013) Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) Ama Ata Aidoo(1942–) Mariama Ba (1929–1981) Giannina Braschi(1953–) Edwidge Danticat(1969–) Buchi Emecheta (1944–2018) Amitav Ghosh (1956–) Mohsin Hamid (1971–) Jamaica Kincaid (1949–) Jhumpa Lahiri (1967–) Ben Okri (1959–) Michael Ondaatje (1943–) Arundhati Roy (1961–) Jean Rhys (1890–1979) Salman Rushdie (1947–) Sam Selvon (1923–1994) Ousmane Sembene (1923–2007) Bapsi Sidhwa (1938–) Zadie Smith (1975–) Wole Soyinka (1934–) Ngugi wa Thiong'o (1938–) Derek Walcott (1930–) == Postcolonial works of non-fiction until 2000 == The Myth of the Lazy Native (1977), by Syed Hussein Alatas. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (1983, 1991), by Benedict Anderson. London: Verso. ISBN 0-86091-329-5 The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literature (1990), by B. Ashcroft, G. Griffiths, and H. Tiffin. The Post-Colonial Studies Reader (1995), B. Ashcroft, G. Griffiths, and H. Tiffin, Eds. London: Routledge ISBN 0-415-09621-9. Key Concepts in Post-Colonial Studies (1998), B. Ashcroft, G. Griffiths, and H. Tiffin, Eds. London: Routledge. L'eurocentrisme (Eurocentrism, 1988), by Samir Amin. The Heathen in his Blindness. . ." Asia, the West, and the Dynamic of Religion. (1994, 2005), by S. N. Balagangadhara. ISBN 90-04-09943-3. The Location of Culture (1994), H.K. Bhabha. The Post-Colonial Question (1996), I. Chambers and L. Curti, Eds. Routledge. Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, P. Chatterjee, Princeton University Press. Postcolonial Theory: A Critical Introduction (1998), by Leela Gandhi, Columbia University Press: ISBN 0-231-11273-4. Colonialism is Doomed, by Ernesto Guevara. Woman, Native, Other. Writing postcoloniality and feminism (Indiana University Press, 1989)German Edition: trans. Kathrina Menke, Vienna & Berlin: Verlag Turia & Kant, 2010. Japanese Edition: trans. Kazuko Takemura, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1995. by Trinh T. Minh-haThe Commonwealth, Comparative Literature and the World: Two Lectures (1998), by Alamgir Hashmi. Islamabad: Gulmohar. African Philosophy: Myth & Reality (1983), Paulin J. Hountondji. Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World (1986), by Kumari Jayawardena. Manichean Aesthetics: The Politics of Literature in Colonial Africa (1988), A. JanMohamed. Inventing Ireland (1995), by Declan Kiberd. Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism" (1916), by Lenin. Prospero and Caliban, the Psychology of Colonization Octave Mannoni and P. Powesland. The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism (1983), by Ashis Nandy. Traditions, Tyranny, and Utopias: Essays in the Politics of Awareness (1987), by Ashis Nandy. "The Angel of Progress: Pitfalls of the Term 'Postcolonialism' " (1994), by Anne McClintock, in Colonial Discourse/Postcolonial Theory (1994), M. Baker, P. Hulme, and M. Iverson, Eds. Local Histories/Global designs: Coloniality (1999), by Walter Mignolo. Infinite Layers/Third World? (1989), by Trinh T. Minh-ha. Under Western Eyes (1986), by Chandra Talpade Mohanty. The Invention of Africa (1988), by V. Y. Mudimbe. Dislocating Cultures (1997), by Uma Narayan. Contesting Cultures(1997), by Uma Narayan. Delusions and Discoveries (1983), B. Parry. Postcolonial Student: Learning the Ethics of Global Solidarity in an English Classroom, by Masood Ashraf Raja. "Coloniality and Modernity/Rationality" (1991), in Globalizations and Modernities (1999), by Aníbal Quijano. "Calibán: Apuntes sobre la cultura de Nuestra América" (Caliban: Notes About the Culture of Our America, 1971), in Calibán and Other Essays (1989), by Roberto Fernández Retamar Culture and Imperialism (1993), by Edward Said "New Orientations:Post Colonial Literature in English" by Jaydeep Sarangi, Authorspress, New Delhi Can the Subaltern Speak? (1988), by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. The Postcolonial Critic (1990), by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Selected Subaltern Studies (1988), by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Towards a History of the Vanishing Present (1999), by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Decolonizing the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature (1986), by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o. White Mythologies: Writing History and the West (1990), by Robert J.C. Young. Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture and Race (1995), by Robert J.C. Young. == Postcolonial works of non-fiction after 2000 == Cahiers du CEDREF on Decolonial Feminist and Queer Theories (2012), by Paola Bachetta Iran: A People Interrupted (2007), by Hamid Dabashi. At the Risk of Being Heard: Indigenous Rights, Identity, and Postcolonial States (2003), B. Dean and J. Levi, Eds. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-06736-2. "Postkolonial Theorie. Eine kritische Einführung" (Postcolonial Theory: A Critical Enquiry, 2005), by N. Dhawan Beginning Postcolonialism (2010), by J. McLeod, second edition, Manchester University Press. The Idea of Latin América" (2005), by Walter Mignolo. "The Postcolonial Ghetto" (2010), by L Paperson Prem Poddar and David Johnson, ed. (2008). A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures in English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-3602-0. Retrieved 2016-02-23. The Disappointed Bridge: Ireland and the Post-Colonial World (2014), by Richard Pine New Digital Worlds: Postcolonial Digital Humanities in Theory, Praxis, and Pedagogy (2018), by Roopika Risam Postcolonial Theory and the Arab–Israeli Conflict (2008), Ph. C. Salzman and D. Robinson Divine, Eds. Routledge. Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction (2001), by Robert J.C. Young. "Presentations of Postcolonialism: New Orientations" (2007),Jaydeep Sarangi,Authorspress,New Delhi Coexisting Contemporary Civilizations, by G. Ankerl. Geneva INU PRESS; 2000 ISBN 2-88155-004-5. On the Postcolony (2000), by Achille Mbembe. The Regents of the University of California. == Scholarly projects == In an effort to understand postcolonialism through scholarship and technology, in addition to important literature, many stakeholders have published projects about the subject. Here is an incomplete list of projects. Bodies and Structure (2019), on the spatial history of Japan and its empire Chicana Diasporic (2018), a research hub that highlights the Chicana Caucus of the National Women's Caucus from 1973–1979 Harlem Shadows (2018), an open source collection of Claude McKay's 1922 collection of poems Passamaquoddy People: At Home on the Oceans and Lakes (2014), a digital archive of photos and recordings of the Passamaquaddy people Postcolonial Writers Make Worlds (2017), critical reading of Black and Asian British literature Torn Apart/Separados (2018), visualizations and scholarly journal tracking global crisis situations W.E.B. Du Bois's Data Portraits: Visualizing Black America (2019), charts from W.E.B. Du Bois in color about the lives of Black Americans == See also == Ali Shariati Amina Wadud Audre Lorde Burn! (1969), directed by Gillo Pontecorvo Cultural cringe Cross-culturalism Decolonization The Dogs of War (1980), directed by John Irvin Ethnology Fatima Mernissi An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" (1975), by Chinua Achebe Inversion in postcolonial theory Leila Ahmed Linguistic imperialism Lila Abu-Lughod Kimberle Crenshaw Kecia Ali Nation-building Paulo Freire Postcolonial anarchism Postcolonial feminism Postcolonial theology Post-communism Ranajit Guha Ranjit Hoskote Robert J.C. Young Saba Mahmood Talal Asad Teju Cole, "The White-Savior Industrial Complex," The Atlantic

POSITIVE TESTS HAS INCREASED. (KAYLA) OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY STUDENTS MADE THEIR WAY BACK TO CAMPUS TODAY AFTER A DELAYED OPENING BECAUSE OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC. NEW TONIGHT, 10 ON YOUR SIDE'S MADISON GLASSMAN SPOKE WITH STUDENTS ABOUT HOW HOW THEY FEEL MOVING BACK IN. STUDENTS AT ODU MADE THEIR WAY TOO CAMPUS READY TO BEGIN A NEW -- AND VERY DIFFERENT SCHOOL YEAR. SOT: "I'M REALLY INTERESTED TO SEE HOW THIS SEMESTER PLAYS OUT." THE UNIVERSITY HAS PUT IN NEW SAFETY PRECAUTIONS TO KEEP THEIR COMMUNITY SAFE SUCH AS THE MONARCH WELLNESS PROGRAM WHICH REQUIRES ALL STUDENTS, FACULTY AND STAFF TO KEEP TRACK OF ANY SYMPTOMS THAT MAY ARISE. STUDENTS FIND COMFORT IN THAT. "THE COVID SCREENING WHEN WE FIRST GOT HERE WAS GOOD." SOT: "I THINK THEY'RE DOING AS BEST AS THEY CAN. I CAN'T SPEAK FOR EVERY STUDENT, BUT THEY'VE BEEN VERY COMMUNICATIVE WITH ME." VIDEOS HAVE GONE VIRAL ON SOCIAL MEDIA RECENTLY SHOWING COLLEGE STUDENTS ALL OVER THE COUNTRY NOT SOCIAL DISTANCING, THROWING PARTIES AND IGNORING MASKS MANDATES. ODU STUDENTS TELL ME THEY'RE REMAINING CAUTIOUSLY OPTIMISTIC. SOT: "I ACTUALLY DO FEEL LIKE THERE ARE GOING TO BE A FEW PARTIES-- TO BE HONEST, YEAH. YEAH." SOT: "NATURALLY, WHEN A STUDENT FIRST GETS TO COLLEGE, THEY'RE GOING TO BE QUITE INTERESTED IN PARTYING SO, I'M VERY WORRIED AND I THINK THERE'S GOING TO BE A LOT OF PEOPLE THAT AREN'T GOING TO TAKE IT AS SERIOUSLY AS THEY SHOULD, BUT I ALSO BELIEVE THERE'S A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO WILL TAKE IT SERIOUSLY." IN NORFOLK, MADISON

Fake friends get to dissing make you realize they weren't your homies they were just some snakes in disguise said that we were brothers that was falsely advertised holding us back while we building up our enterprise if you wanted what we got you should have kept it real me and Jay eatin' off different plates but the same meal nobody fuck with you no more that's just how we feel and you have the audacity to say it's not a big deal this ain't Riley no more bitch this is Snowball speaking if you come at me sideways I'll make your blood start leakin' ay yo LeeWay the front doors unlocked lets go in sneak in if that's your bitch right there then why she at my crib last weekend fuckin' on your bitch lets go not blue strips thats indigo paint her face like Mona Lisa but I'm not Vincent Van Gogh I don't know if you wanted this smoke but you gon get it hoe you try to dap me up like I'm your homie but I'm not your bro i'm out here spittin' facts spittin' knowledge spittin' truth like a motherfuckin' dragon every time we in the booth bitch I'm hittin' shit out of the park I'm Babe Ruth I keep grinding on my shit and I'm never wasting my youth AY you a disappointment your girl made a dick appointment she hit me up and told me that her man was so damn annoying honestly the way that she said that shit I felt bad for you on second thought I started laughing that's too bad for you indica in my body my body in the couch you know I'm from Detroit to the east and to the south make a move up on your bitch snowballs in her mouth got a pony on my garments yeah i'm talkin' Ralph (Ay) (LeeWay!) Yeah they always asking why I'm drunk bitch I'm fun never run DJ Khalid notha one if you pull up to my city better remember where you from I got bitches comin' with me yeah you better wait your turn (LeeWay !) got ice on my neck and it gon burn, all up on her mind yeah I made her swallow sperm fire on my name like its Michael Jackson Brrr you can call me all summer like its Phineas and Ferb LeeWayyy (Woo!) birds all in my phone like twitter notify me about you pussy's long ago (LeeWayyy) spent the whole check on just the snow now my neck is always froze Livin' life all on my own (LeeWayyy) Did you ever listen to your mama man I had them bad grades came home to some drama (LeeWayyy) I ain't never had to read a book Thats my life never shook turn your back and never look. (LeeWay Laughter)

- HOW MANY OF YOU CONSIDER YOURSELF TECHIES? [cheers and applause] [laughter] ME NEITHER. AND HOW MANY OF YOU KNOW ABOUT WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY? [scattered applause] YEAH. SO... ME NEITHER. [laughter] SO WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY IS BECOMING A HUGE TREND. YOU KNOW, THERE'S GOOGLE GLASSES. YOU'VE HEARD ABOUT THEM. THEY'RE THE GLASSES THAT THEY PUT THE INTERNET RIGHT IN YOUR FACE SO YOU CAN LITERALLY GOOGLE THE WEATHER WHILE YOU'RE WALKING INTO A TREE. AND THEY HAVE THESE NIKE FUELBANDS THAT THEY'RE BRACELETS AND THEY TELL YOU HOW MANY STEPS THAT YOU HAVE TAKEN. AND THERE ARE THESE SMARTWATCHES. THEY'RE SO MUCH BETTER THAN THE STUPID WATCHES. AND THE POINT--I MEAN, THE POINT I'M MAKING IS, THIS STUFF IS TAKING OFF LIKE CRAZY, AND I WANT TO GET ON BOARD WITH THE TREND, AND SO I TOOK A TON OF MY OWN MONEY, LIKE $43, AND I INVENTED SOME WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY OF MY OWN. AND I'D LIKE TO SHOW YOU WHAT IT IS RIGHT NOW. ALL RIGHT, SO FIRST WE HAVE AMY RIGHT HERE. [cheers and applause] AMY LOOKS LIKE SHE'S JUST WEARING A REGULAR OLD FANNY PACK THAT YOUR OLDER AUNT MIGHT WEAR AT DISNEYLAND. BUT IT'S NOT JUST A REGULAR FANNY PACK. LOOK AT THIS. IT'S TOAST. [cheers and applause] THAT'S WHAT IT IS. OH, SURE, YOU CAN KEEP ALMONDS IN YOUR PURSE AS A SNACK, OR YOU CAN MAKE PIPING HOT TOAST ON YOUR HIP. YOU TELL ME WHAT'S BETTER. AND AMY'S HEADBAND-- YOU SEE THIS HEADBAND? IT'S NOT A HEADBAND. IT'S BUTTER. [laughter] MMM, YUMMY. THAT'S GREAT. [cheers and applause] GOOD? - MM-HMM. - WANT SOME MORE? YOU SURE? - [chuckling] - WANT SOME MORE? MOVING ON. ALL RIGHT, HERE WE GO. AND WE HAVE ANDY HERE. ANDY. [cheers and applause] IT LOOKS LIKE ANDY'S JUST WEARING REGULAR BLUE JEANS. RIGHT? WRONG. ANDY, TURN AROUND. ANDY... [laughter] IT LOOKS LIKE A REGULAR BUTT, BUT IT'S NOT. LOOK AT THIS. IT IS BLU-RAY BLUE JEANS. [laughter and applause] YOU PUT IT IN. TURN AROUND, ANDY. [laughter] [cheers and applause] LOOK AT THAT. [cheers and applause continues] IT'S A REAL-LIFE BOOB TUBE. [laughter] HA-HA. HA. ALL RIGHT. LET'S SAY YOU WANT TO JUST KICK BACK AND WATCH A MOVIE BUT YOU'RE THIRSTY. NO PROBLEMO. THIS IS MY PATENTED BLENDER HAT. IT'S A BLENDER ON A HAT. - UH-OH. UH-OH. - [laughs] [laughter] - OH, WELL. IT WORKS PERFECT, PEOPLE. DON'T WORRY ABOUT IT. [laughter] YOU JUST KEEP WORKING ON THAT, OKAY? UH, WELL, IT WOULD BE LIKE THAT. ALL RIGHT, THANKS, ANDY. AND NOW WE HAVE LAUREN. NOW, LAUREN, WE KNOW THAT SHE'S NOT NORMALLY THIS PERKY. [laughter] GUESS WHAT. THIS ISN'T YOUR TYPICAL CONE BRA. YOU KNOW WHAT THESE ARE? [audience exclaims] crunch! [cheers and applause] MMM. CRUNCHY. THAT STARTED TO COME OFF. THAT'S A GOOD JOB, LAUREN. MMM. JUST GIVE UP, ANDY. DON'T EVEN WORRY ABOUT IT. [laughter] NOW, THE SKIRT THAT LAUREN IS WEARING LOOKS LIKE A REGULAR MINISKIRT, BUT IT'S NOT. IT'S CALLED THE MINIFREEZE. WATCH WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU HIT THIS BUTTON. [cheers and applause] [laughing] IT'S ALSO AN ICE DISPENSER. [laughter] YOU'RE NOT GETTING THIS ANYWHERE ELSE IN DAYTIME. [laughter] HOW'S IT WORKING? - THAT'S GREAT. [cheers and applause] [laughter and applause] LET'S FACE IT. IT'S GROSS WHEN PEOPLE REACH INTO YOUR FREEZER AND GRAB ICE. THIS IS SO MUCH MORE SANITARY. THANK YOU, LAUREN, SO MUCH, AND YOU'RE WELCOME, WORLD. AND NOW LET'S CELEBRATE MY BRILLIANT IDEAS WITH A DANCE, SHALL WE?

[Some Clippings inside this house Got Deleted] [ We lost the clippings of Paranormal activities ] yeah it's a security dog there's a watchman here this place is kinda haunted because nobody visits here He is Coming !! We will get screwed if we don't get out!! hey guys what's up so today we have come to abandoned place, where people have not visited it from past 20 to 30 years so we're gonna go check it out how the place looks like there is already a dog here it's a security dog, there's a watchman here you got to skip him and try to snoop in >>>>> Come on Make it Quick Gesturing: [He Can't see us] (Metal Rod) Watch out! The Guest House That I Said People have not visited this place from very long [Sensitive Info] You Need To Check This Out can you see those buildings over there from that top till this end can you check this out, all those houses are abandoned so let's check out how it looks like, it's horrifying and actually we thought to stay back here but the people and this village stopped us not to get inside so i'm gonna show you how it actually horror it is, so with me Praveen is here and i'll show you how it looks like so this place is empty [Some Clippings inside this house Got Deleted] [It was uncomfortable Inside] [We Could Feel Some Was There Inside] Check this Out!! No Body has lived in this Place Till This Date I Mean, People Come And Go There Are Friends and Students come and have fun here This Entire Guest House Looks So Horrible Completely Empty And the sounds you here are H***** So Check this out! There are same way So There Are Guest Houses, Saw Way over there so same way, so this place is kind of haunted, because nobody visits here so let's go for the next room Gesturing: [There is no one, I can see Around] Lets go! Lets Go ! Quick! Quick....! Sit down! Sit Down! There he is in search of us So These are the guest house and now there are party houses for people here Check out These Things (Waste here and there) (But we felt the Paranormal Activity around us) all these houses, completely ruined (There is no one around us. but we felt somthing) Hey guys there's a watchman here, I Just Spotted him. He is Like trying to find us out !! I need to get out from here! Let's Go! Let's Go! He is coming with me.! (We Lost Many Haunted Clippings that we had recorded) okay! Okay! so finally we made our way out of that building so hope you guys subscribe my channel and do watch such videos that will be coming up with. If you have not seen my cave video staying 24 hours in a cave go check this video right now and if you have not seen my trekking videos go, check this out and have some fun so till then goodbye and see you guys next week again with such adventures again!! SEE YOU !!

AMY GOODMAN: This is Democracy Now!, democracynow.org, The War and Peace Report. I’m Amy Goodman, as we continue with Part 2 of our conversation with Kali Akuno, co-founder and co-director of Cooperation Jackson, a network of worker cooperatives in Jackson, Mississippi, longtime organizer with the Malcolm X Grassroots Movement. His new book, Jackson Rising: The Struggle for Economic Democracy and Black Self-Determination in Jackson, Mississippi. So, you’ve just come up from Jackson, and you’re going back home to Jackson, Mississippi. We were just speaking with Chokwe Lumumba, the mayor of Jackson, about the opening of the Civil Rights Museum, about President Trump being invited by the governor of Mississippi, which led to boycotts of so many black leaders of the very museum that they so supported, but since Trump was there—can you tell us actually what happened in that week, the same week of the special election that was taking place in Alabama that led to Doug Jones’s victory over the accused child molester, Roy Moore? KALI AKUNO: Well, I think, to really put that in context, we’ve got to talk about Phil Bryant a little bit. Phil Bryant is the governor of the great state of Mississippi. He’s a tea party member, ultraconservative, you know, libertarian, very much believes in TINA—”there is no alternative”—and is doing everything he can to, also stealing that phrase, to drown the state government in the bathtub—right?—to make it that small. But he’s also one of the most, I think, strategic thinkers in this new era of kind of white supremacist politicians. We call them “neo-Confederates,” right? And he’s made a habit, over the last several years, if folks want to go back and look at it—he’s made a habit of doing what he just did with Trump. And that habit is typically doing—you know, every year, there’s some kind of state invocation of Black History Month. And almost at every single occasion when there’s Black History Month, he always announces Confederate History Month, right? He takes the opportunity to announce that in February, during Black History Month programs. AMY GOODMAN: And it’s called Confederate History Month? KALI AKUNO: Confederate. There’s Confederate History Day, and then there’s Confederate History Month. And he always announces this, almost every single year. So, for those of us who live in Mississippi, who are familiar with that, his announcing and inviting of Trump, you know, to this ceremony was no surprise. It’s part of his MO. It’s part of his strategy. It’s part of his game plan. AMY GOODMAN: This ceremony that would open the Mississippi Civil Rights Museum. KALI AKUNO: This Mississippi museum. So, just to put that in context. And I think it also should be known to the audience that he had extended an invitation to Trump, you know, to come to Mississippi on several different occasions. And as far as we know, he actually extended the invitation for him to come to the museum. Now, it just didn’t break national kind of news until Trump actually accepted it, right? And he accepted while he was doing kind of his tour in support of Ray [sic] Moore, and so it was like— AMY GOODMAN: Roy Moore. KALI AKUNO: Roy Moore. He accepted that, to come on down and to try to offer some statements, to kind of issue some clarity. And that just erupted, as it rightfully should, in a major pushback, in a major protest and boycott, in many sectors, you know, of Trump, not of the museum—so folks are clear—not of the history, but of Trump really going there and desecrating the very memory of those who made the sacrifices that we were supposed to be honoring on that particular day of this historic opening. So, we’ve got to give some context to it so folks know. And I think it’s important, because if you don’t understand people like, you know, Phil Bryant, it’s then hard to, I think, understand the movement that Trump comes from and what emanates and who his base is and what they’re planning on doing and how they’re executing, you know, all these draconian measures on state levels, not just on the federal level. AMY GOODMAN: Phil Bryant, the governor of Mississippi, being a longtime supporter of Trump. KALI AKUNO: Oh, yeah. Yeah, yeah. He was running around earlier this year, like in January, and the end of last year, when Trump got elected, saying that he might leave the state of Mississippi and go work for number 45. And he was kind of using that really as like political bait, in the sense of like, “Well, y’all don’t want me to leave, really.” Then some of us were like, “Yeah, please go. Just get out of our hair.” But, no, they’ve been—they’ve been allies, more probably strategic, of like within the last 18 months than, I think, you know, prior, because Phil Bryant was on the record in the early days of saying he liked Donald Trump, but he wasn’t sure that Donald Trump was truly committed to the neoliberal agenda that the tea party and others like him had. So there was a lot of questions, and he had to do a lot of things over the course of 2016 to really prove that he was on the team. And so, once he made some key moves, particularly once he got connected with Breitbart and Bannon, who Phil Bryant and some of his forces are allied with, that was, I think, a critical turning point, where Bryant jumped on the team, gave his endorsement and really started doing a lot of groundwork for Donald Trump in the state of Mississippi. AMY GOODMAN: And, of course, Bannon was playing a key role in the Roy Moore race— KALI AKUNO: That’s right. AMY GOODMAN: —came down several times, pushed Trump to support him. You know, Trump had originally supported Luther Strange, of course. KALI AKUNO: Yeah, right. AMY GOODMAN: So, the Civil Rights Museum, you had Myrlie Evers-Williams, the widow of Medgar Evers. The gun is in the museum, that was used to kill Medgar Evers, this remarkable civil rights leader. She ended up coming, because she didn’t want to desecrate— KALI AKUNO: Right, right. AMY GOODMAN: —that she wanted to honor this place, that had been built after so many years, but wouldn’t be seen together with Donald Trump. KALI AKUNO: Right, with Trump. AMY GOODMAN: And he spoke inside rather than outside? KALI AKUNO: He spoke inside. He spoke at a small, private engagement, with a list that was primarily composed of Governor Phil Bryant’s kind of invites, largely kind of campaign contributors and donors. And I think—as we were talking earlier, I thought that that was one of the more strategic moves that they could have made. I think they did some calculus that if they would have allowed Donald Trump to just be himself and speak off the cuff, he actually would have incited black voters in Alabama to turn out in even stronger, you know, numbers than I think was anticipated. They had done some calculus that was starting to look like, “Hey, we might lose this thing if this voter turnout winds up being high.” So, rather than incite people, I think they strategically just backed off and said, “You know, let’s just—we’re here. That says enough. They can’t make you leave, as you’re the president of the United States. So just chill out. Let them have their demonstration. Let them have their protest.” AMY GOODMAN: Outside. KALI AKUNO: Outside. AMY GOODMAN: Where a thousand people were. KALI AKUNO: Yeah. “And then, you know, we’ll get out of this unscathed, and you can go on, and you can support Roy Moore.” Right? So I think that was a critical thing. And that doesn’t—and I’m not trying to diminish in any way or fashion the response of, you know, our people in Mississippi. I thought it was on point. I thought it was necessary. But we always have to look at the larger implications of strategy of both our side of the equation and the other side of the equation. AMY GOODMAN: So, before we talk about what’s happening in Jackson, I want to talk about Doug Jones’s victory, because something very interesting happened, the Democrat winning. I mean, you hadn’t had a Democrat winning in a quarter of a century— KALI AKUNO: Right, right. AMY GOODMAN: —before Shelby, when he was a Democrat, ran in 1992, then switched a few years later to become a Republican, Senator Shelby. But it seems that Doug Jones made a calculation at the end not to go for the maybe Trump-leaning undecided voters, but to go for the African-American vote— KALI AKUNO: Right, right. AMY GOODMAN: —to really do a get-out-the-vote campaign, which is what activists have been saying all over the country: You’re biggest enemy are the people who just—enemy to democracy is the people who just stay home, and you have to galvanize people just to get out to the polls. KALI AKUNO: Right, right. AMY GOODMAN: You don’t always have to win over the other side. So, major black leaders came down to Alabama, and Doug Jones went all over with them. And then he quotes Dr. Martin Luther King in his victory speech. But now we see, on Sunday night, the senator-elect, Doug Jones, saying he will, of course, consider voting with Republicans on certain issues, once he’s sworn in to the upper chamber, also pledged to look for areas where he can work across the aisle, raising—leading many people to say, “Would he even vote possibly for the tax bill?” But what about these strategies and what it takes, you think, to form coalitions, what Doug Jones did well and what you’re concerned about? KALI AKUNO: Well, I mean, those of us who were doing some homework knew that he already had leaned towards the Blue Dog Democrat orientation and tradition, right? Which many of us call Dixiecrats. So, in— AMY GOODMAN: I mean, he was the prosecutor in the 1963— KALI AKUNO: Yeah. AMY GOODMAN: —Birmingham bombing case, the bombing of the Birmingham church, where four little girls were killed. He ultimately prosecuted those Ku Klux Klansmen, decades later. KALI AKUNO: Right. Well, I mean, it’s not to say he doesn’t have any sense, not to say he doesn’t have any humanity. But I think we’ve got to look at political calculus again. And his comments on CNN yesterday clearly indicate he’s thinking down the road towards re-election. And he’s trying to position himself—you know, trying to be fair to him—he’s trying to position himself in such a way that he could win the bloc of voters that he thinks are going to be those most likely and most consistently to turn out. And he’s really appealing to that evangelical base in Alabama. The thing that I think we were hoping that he was kind of coming to an understanding is, A, number one, on pure ideological grounds, that base is never going to vote for him. It’s just not going to happen. I don’t care how much he panders to their issues or their agenda. They just fundamentally don’t trust him. Right? Or anybody with his background and his history. But he sees that this is the most consistent voter, voting bloc, and I have to play to it. But what it speaks to is, I think, a deeper lack of strategy, particularly on the side of the Democrats and progressives, which says, we have to turn out folks, and we have to reach folks, you know, the new kind of silent majority who don’t vote, who don’t see anything to vote for, because nobody’s speaking directly to their issues, to their material interests and concerns. And if you just keep playing the middle, you’re going to keep alienating those folks, and they just see, in their day-to-day reality, Democrat or Republican, I’m still feeling the burden of there not being any jobs, there not being any social services, there not being much by way of educational access for my children or for the future, so why should I turn out? It’s just the same thing over and over and over again. And I think his statements on Sunday negate all of the statements, to a certain extent, that he had made just the Friday—the previous Friday. And I think the thing that folks have to be deeply concerned about is it just plays itself again as politics as usual. Right? And this is the same old thing. And particularly in the black community, you can already hear our narrative: We turned out for him, and we’re abandoned by him, yet again. AMY GOODMAN: I mean, it was 98 percent of African-American women voters voted for Doug Jones. Sixty-three percent of white women voters voted for Roy Moore, even with the, you know, child molestation accusations against him. KALI AKUNO: Right, right, right. AMY GOODMAN: Sixty-three percent, actually the same number nationally of white women who voted for Donald Trump. KALI AKUNO: Right. Well, I mean, it’s going to take a lot of work, I think, to move the white women who are voting in these elections, because they’re voting on the basis of some particular interests. They do not necessarily represent the vast majority of white women in the country, because, again, that’s also a population that’s just basically staying at home, not voting. So what is going to reach them? Right? And this is something even in the local situation with us in Jackson, we’ve been trying to aim at for the last couple of years of seeing, you know, typically, in our—just on the local level, doing our calculus, it’s about 40,000 to 50,000 people who vote consistently, year in, year out, but there’s 80,000 people who are technically registered to vote, who don’t show up. And so, how do we reach those 80,000 people? And what we’ve been arguing for, you don’t reach them by just doing the same old same-old. You have to reach them by actually trying to develop a program that speaks to their direct interests and will put them as the central actors in the transformation and the change of what’s going on. And that’s easier said than done, but I think it speaks to an orientation that we would like to see, you know, new forces on the political scene take up throughout this country. And I think it will lead to some profoundly different results of what we’ve gotten the last 16 years. AMY GOODMAN: So, let’s talk about that, Jackson Rising. First, talk about how the tax bill, Trump’s tax bill, while he says it’s a Christmas gift to the middle class, what it will actually do—it is an historic bill, there’s no question about that—and then what you’re doing in Jackson. KALI AKUNO: Well, I mean, starting with not just the Trump-GOP tax bill, I think, if we can, to step back a little bit further. And I think we have to see this all as a fulfillment of the neoliberal dream strategy, which is actually not over yet. I think they’re just really revving up for it, and I think they feel 2018 is really their year to make some profound changes before either the House or the Senate makes some major, you know, adjustments. But if you look at the whole strategy and how they’ve been setting this thing up, so, just speaking about one particular issue, around healthcare, we know they did several votes this year that basically failed, to repeal the Affordable [Care] Act. Trump has been very clear, very obviously, that “If I can’t defeat it legislatively, I’m going to kill it by eliminating all of the different subsidies that the federal government, you know, is responsible for,” which actually make it affordable. Right? So he’s been cutting those, left and right. AMY GOODMAN: So, how would it affect you, for example? KALI AKUNO: Oh, well, for me, I mean, it already affects me. I, unfortunately, have a heart condition, which requires me to be on a couple of different medications probably the remainder of my life. And that puts me in a pre-existing condition category, which they’ve been, just straight up, trying to eliminate. And in the state of Mississippi, we went from, the beginning of the healthcare markets, I think, if my memory serves me correctly, five healthcare providers that were in the market; four years later, it’s down to one. So, I am now stuck with one option. I basically have no other place to go, other than to move. And once I just recently—you know, for me and my family, we just applied throughout the—throughout this year, 2017, we were paying roughly $900 a month, you know, for healthcare and some additional, I think, $150 a month for dental. Under this new calculation, without the subsidies, and in my limited income, which is not, you know, that great, and our family’s income not that—combined income is not that great, we are now being charged—we’re paying $2,000 a month. AMY GOODMAN: From? KALI AKUNO: From the new healthcare provider. AMY GOODMAN: From what you had before. KALI AKUNO: From what we had before. So, it’s— AMY GOODMAN: And what did you have? What were you paying before? KALI AKUNO: Nine hundred dollars a month. AMY GOODMAN: So more than double. KALI AKUNO: More than double, which means, on my family’s limited income, which is roughly about $5,000 a month, you know, which, for a lot of people in Mississippi, that would be well, to a certain extent—let that sink in. So, I’m roughly paying one-third of my income, my monthly income, in healthcare, if I follow through on this plan. And I’m a bit better off, in a bit better position than a vast majority of black folks in the state of Mississippi. So, if this is how it’s going to impact me, imagine what it’s going to do with folks who only have one income or folks who, you know, in some of the poorer regions, say, up in the Delta and some other places, who have no incomes, right? It’s going to be devastating. And there is—then you have to add that to, over the last three years, the tea party has basically defunded the state of Mississippi, with all the tax cuts that it has been implementing, that the state of Mississippi is already now deeply in a debt hole that it is trying to kind of crawl itself out of. So there’s no support on the local level or on the state level coming to provide any additional subsidies for the healthcare markets or any other tax breaks. So, you’re compounding, you know, layers and levels of just forced austerity. Like this is really what’s going to happen in Mississippi in the next couple of months, in the next couple of years. And Mississippi is just one of many places. I mean, I can speak to it because that’s where I live, but same in Alabama, same in Tennessee. And I would argue it’s probably the same here in the rural parts of New York. AMY GOODMAN: So, what is Jackson Rising? What are you doing in Jackson? How are you going to take on the starvation of the cities and states, forcing these cities and states to cut back on government spending, on important programs that support people? KALI AKUNO: Well, that’s a good question, Amy. I can tell you what our aims and objectives have been over, you know, a course of time. And the overall kind of political project and strategy that we’ve been working on is—we call it the Jackson-Kush Plan. And the ideal piece of that is taking, at least in the western part of the state, the numeric majority of the black population in several counties, using that as a form of political leverage and, over time and through work of building up the solidarity economy, transforming Mississippi’s economy, starting in Jackson, but transforming from the inside out. That was the long-term strategy. And with that, we had made some very clear calculations that we need to recruit and ally ourselves with a certain number of white progressives in the state that we hope to, you know, nurture and develop. And with that calculus, we saw, maybe within the span of 10 years—this is going back to 2006, 2007—that, by 2025, a new progressive alliance could take over the state of Mississippi. Now, that was the projection. I still think a lot of that is very possible, very viable. But the other side of the equation have done some things to make it far more challenging. And then we did not anticipate—because you can’t see everything—we did not anticipate a Trump emerging on the scene. Right? We anticipate things moving further to the right, but there are degrees of how that rolls out, and I think Trump is the worst of the kind of the Goldwater revolution coming to fruition, which is deeply racist, you know, deeply misogynist, deeply xenophobic and neoliberal to the core. And you add all that up, it’s a very vicious mix, which we’re now—and dangerous, I should add, that we’re now, you know, living through. So, on the local level now, honestly, there is a period of kind of recalculation that we’re trying to figure out and go through. You know, as you had Chokwe Antar Lumumba on the show—I think twice—here recently— AMY GOODMAN: Right around the time he was—he became mayor. He was inaugurated July 4th weekend. Right before that, he had spoken in Chicago— KALI AKUNO: Right, right, right. AMY GOODMAN: —at a big People’s Summit, and then, now, talking about the museum— KALI AKUNO: Right. AMY GOODMAN: —and his boycott. KALI AKUNO: Well, he is in a—he is in an unenvious position, you know, because the terms and conditions that I think he is going to have to battle and navigate from his position as mayor are far worse than what his father had to deal with. The conditions in Jackson and the conditions in the state have deteriorated. Like I said, the state is in deep debt. The city is barely out of debt. And if you look at kind of the long-term infrastructure projects that we have to comply with, both with the EPA for our water delivery system and then there’s other ones which are within the wings, we have some major challenges we’re going to have to figure out. Now, from my vantage point, you know, I don’t have the burden of having to administer and having to be in government. I’m on the social movement side of the equation this time. AMY GOODMAN: You run Cooperation Jackson. KALI AKUNO: I’m one of the—I’m one of the people. It’s a collective, but one of the co-founders of it. On our end, we have, I think, a bit more freedom to experiment. But we have the challenge of where do we—you know, how do we access resources to do the development projects that we’re trying to do? So, we’ve been very clear that, first and foremost, we’re trying to draw existing resources within the community, first and foremost, for us to pay our own way, because we don’t have, you know, progressive philanthropies in Jackson that are willing to support working-class black folks doing almost anything. And there’s not a lot of capital wealth. But there is a tremendous amount of talent. There’s a tremendous amount of energy. So, it’s like, how do we balance our assets? And so, trying to organize folks to do autonomous development, starting with the basic skills that we have, first around agriculture and around, you know, other food, but we’re also trying to be as forward-looking as possible and getting into digital fabrication, what we call community production, and really trying to link those two to be able to create, as much as possible, a solidarity economy, which can be mediated as much through mutual exchange and trade as it is by cash. And that is a very important element for us, in a place where it’s a cash-starved economy, but there’s also a thriving solidarity economy that already exists, that we don’t have to organize. The question is: How do we formalize some of those relationships that we’re working on? And how do we build them and extend them so that they’re not just little pockets of people who are helping themselves, but how can we build the scale so that we’re doing this citywide. We haven’t figured it all out, but we’re working on it. AMY GOODMAN: So, this issue of solidarity economy, I don’t think most people have heard that term. Explain what you mean. KALI AKUNO: Solidarity economy, you’ll probably hear different definitions of that. But, for us, what it means is trying to develop relationships that are not mediated by the logic of capital. Now, what does that mean, a bunch of fancy words? What does that mean? It means, first and foremost, I don’t view my engagement with you or anyone else as purely transactional, that both of us have, when we come to the table, some intrinsic value, and we should find ways to exchange as equals within that relationship. So I don’t reduce everything down to how much money you have in your pocket or how much money I have in my pocket, but I try to create a dynamic where we’re sharing, and we continue a process of sharing. We’re continuing a process of being in solidarity with each other to meet both of our individual needs, but, more importantly, a communal need. And, for us, we think this is important, just given the history of the black working-class population that we’re trying to organize with, to try to move people out of long-term exploitative relationships, of which they’re never going to really, you know, get ahead of, trying to compete in the market, which is so unfair, so uneven, and you’re so disadvantaged, from the day you were born almost to the day you die, no matter what you do, how much education you receive, you know, how many social benefits you might receive, if they’re even available, you know, from the struggles that we have amassed to, to get ourselves to a point where the government is trying to take care of some things socially. So, doing that. And so, for us, what we’re trying to do, Amy, is, in a place where it’s been deindustrialized, you know, some 30, 40 years ago, we know where capitalism is at right now. It’s not aiming to produce any new jobs. If anything, automation is accelerating in such a way that there’s going to be fewer and fewer jobs. So we’re starting with: What are the things that we can do, within our own community, within the resources that exist, to improve the quality of life? And that starts with, first, organizing ourselves to understand there’s—you know, if we don’t help ourselves, no one else is really coming. There’s no great savior that’s coming. So, how do we take resources we have, pool them together and create a new system? You know, and that’s what we’re doing. And right now, what we’ve been really concentrating on is really trying to create somewhat of a closed loop. So, for us, we’ve started, very intentionally, on doing urban farming, doing some minor food production with the cafe and catering co-op, and doing some regenerative work in terms of recycling, composting and lawn care. And those three are the kind of the basis or the anchor of our kind of revolving network, where they support each other with waste being transformed into organic matter, which helps to stimulate the food production, and they’re all sharing in common resources, in common income, in such a way that boosts that particular economy and creates some jobs. AMY GOODMAN: And you’re talking about them being organized as co-ops, as worker co-ops. KALI AKUNO: As co-ops, yeah, as worker co-ops. AMY GOODMAN: Explain what that means as a model. KALI AKUNO: As a model, what it means is a group of individuals come together, they pool their resources to start a small business or a large-scale business, depending on how many come together, but they pool their resources, number one, together. And then they create a democratic structure by which they manage the enterprises together. So there’s no boss, other than themselves, acting collectively, telling them what to do, what their hours are, you know, what their working conditions are. These are things that they determine themselves. That’s the central, core component of it. It’s collective ownership and collective decision-making that makes it a real workers’ cooperative. AMY GOODMAN: And do you see this as part of a national and international movement? KALI AKUNO: We do. We also see ourselves as trying to be a force trying to stimulate that in other communities. Like here in New York, there’s already a thriving kind of cooperative model. I think, for us, for like in New York and other places, what we’re trying to do is not just do business for business’ sake, but to have it have a very explicit social mission, which is about liberating people. And so, there’s an infusion of politics that we’ve been very intentional about trying to, you know, put at the center of our process and politics within the Jackson model. And it’s not necessarily—it’s not ideologically neutral. Let me be clear with everybody on that. But it’s not—as we say, it’s not monolithic. And, for us, what we’ve been telling folks is that, you know, we are—Cooperation Jackson, if you want to break it down, is a collection of anarchists, socialists and liberation theologists, you know, trying to figure out how to work with each other in a democratic manner. That’s really what we are. And we’ve got all the bumps and bruises to prove it. AMY GOODMAN: And finally, as you said, you were surprised, could not predict the rise of Donald Trump, which, as you describe it, racist, xenophobic, neoliberal, misogynist, and what that means, from the protests in Charlottesville against the white supremacists who marched there and Donald Trump siding with them, talking about the fine people on both sides. KALI AKUNO: In Charlottesville. AMY GOODMAN: In Charlottesville. What this has unleashed in the country and how it affects your work? KALI AKUNO: Well, again, stepping back, I think we have to look at the evolution of this. And this has been a long progression, that I think took a qualitative turn during Obama’s presidency. And we should not forget, you know, all those demonstrations that happened by the tea party and other right-wing forces, that had, you know, Michelle looking like a gorilla, that had Obama in effigy, with him being hanged, and all the history of that association. And that had been building up over time. And to a certain extent, you know, if you look at CNN and some of these, in particular, they were giving audience to this, even though some of those demonstrations might have only had 40 people. But we went through four years where they were giving tremendous amount of free press to that whole development and really, in a certain sense, legitimizing it as a rational form of opposition to Obama, when, on the other side of the equation, we would have gatherings, that were more left of center, if you would, or progressive, that would hardly break, you know, any news. I remember when I was at the Social Forum in Detroit, and it was over 10,000 people there. We got like this amount of coverage on CNN. But then there was like two whole weeks of maybe a few hundred people demonstrating here or there for the tea party, and it was all over the news. And I think the large impact is that that wound up rationalizing and justifying and normalizing the racism that we now see apparent under Donald Trump. And I think Donald Trump’s brilliance—and I have to—you know, I hate to say that, but I think his brilliance, during his campaign, was recognizing the shift and playing to the shift. And so, he altered the rules of saying, “I know the tune and the music, and I hear it out there, and it’s clamoring for some simple rationalizations on why, in particular, the standard of living of the white working class is declining.” Right? So he was, I think, at least honest enough to recognize that, but then came with these xenophobic and nationalist solutions, which are not going to work. He knows they’re not going to work. And that wasn’t the point. His point was: How do I galvanize all this anger, all of this energy, to get me to a certain particular place—i.e. the presidency—where I can then just move both my own personal agenda—which is continuing to get rich, very clearly, but then also he allied himself with the religious right and the most hardcore of the neoliberals to form a new coalition that’s going to just ramrod their agenda on all of us, right? Because—and I say all of us, because the white working-class base, which may or may not have supported him—I think that too much has been made of that, and it was really a lot of middle-class forces that elected him, I think, truth be told, but the white working class right now is kind of getting the blame for that. But to the extent that there are supporters amongst that core group of people who are Donald Trump supporters, within the next six months to a year, as they start feeling the pain of not having access to healthcare, of seeing their taxes actually increase because they are, you know, the bracket that they’re in, social services getting cut, I think many of them are going to wake up to a new reality, that, “Hey, this agenda is not working for me, and we need to try something different, something new.” The question is, from my vantage point—this is a longer question, a longer dialogue: Are radical and progressive forces going to be organized enough, prepared enough, to offer a real alternative when the opportunity passes? AMY GOODMAN: Kali Akuno is the co-founder and co-director of Cooperation Jackson, network of worker cooperatives in Jackson, Mississippi, longtime organizer with the Malcolm X Grassroots Movement. His new book is titled Jackson Rising: The Struggle for Economic Democracy and Black Self-Determination in Jackson, Mississippi. He is speaking about the book on Tuesday at 6 p.m. at Restoration Plaza in Brooklyn. That’s Tuesday, December 19th, at 6 p.m. This is Democracy Now! To see Part 1 of our discussion, go to democracynow.org. I’m Amy Goodman. Thanks for joining us.

little notes on neutralápoint okay whatáis neutralápoint? weáhave seen that neutral point is that xcgálocation, atáwhich the aircraft become neutrally stable or dcm by dcl = 0 or dcm by d alpha =á0, right. and so far we have been talking about neutral point where onlyáwing, tailáso and some fuselageácontribution, althougháwe have not computedáanything. butáwe have never mentioned about the effect ofáengine, theáeffect of type of engine. the aircraft is flyingáwith. so weáwill take the effect ofáengine, weáwill take only 1 case propeller drivenáengine right, whatáwill be the effect of the having engine in the nose and moreáprecisely theáquestion is, if this is the n 0 fixed that is stick fixed case with poweráoff withápower off then do you think n 0 will change with poweráon. so doáyou think the n 0 will change, with power on thatámeans, whenáyou switch on the engine for a typicaláairplaneáof this configuration. supposeánose mountain likeáthis, foráthis case i repeat theáproblem. weáare trying to understand the effect of thrust oráengine, onáthe neutral point this is the case power off, that is no power is there. no engine is being rolled, and i am more focused to this sort of nose mountain engine, without this being on, if this is ná0. now the moment the power on case come. power on so what will happen? will the neutral point still remain at some point let us say here or it will try to go backward or forward that is the question, or in indirectly. what is theáquestion? witháthe engine on, whether the aircraft will become more stable or lessástable, becauseáwe understand if ná0, let usásay n 0 1 and this n 0 2 and another aircraft n 0 2, then i know that this aircraft is more stable than this aircraft becauseáit haságot a large static margin for a given cg location isn't it, for the given cg location this aircraft has this much of staticámargin, and thisáaircraft has larger starting margin okay. so, i would like to know now what happens if thrust is on, will there be any modification on the n 0 stick fixed okay. letásee one thing weáunderstand, ifágrinding of this propeller, adds most stabilizingáeffect to the airplane then our n 0 fixed should go backwardáso itáwill become moreástable. ifáadding this nose mounted engine, ifáit contributes towards moreádestabilizingáthen this n 0 point shift this way clear, because it will become lessástable. soánow what happenásee, ifáthis is the propeller moving and some delta if it is seeing then you know that by momentum exchange, there will be a thrust generator small though in this direction, because some momentum exchange will be there one this direction another this direction. soáthis force which is proportionaláto alpha is now acting ahead of cgáokay. soáthis will give any component or any force, which are ahead of cg that will giveádestabilizingáeffectáright. so, this configuration will give aádestabilizingáeffect. soáthe neutral point fixed will now with power on n 0 power on will come forward here instead of power off is here. is it clear again iárepeat, becauseáof this engine thrust or engine power this propeller drivenáairplane.á if there is angleáof attack, theámovement of exchangeáin this direction also, that will give a force roughly i canáwrite this,áfunction of alpha and since this force is ahead of cg, cg is somewhereáhere, foráany positive alpha it will give nose up movement and nose up movement means? it is destabilizingáfor a positive disturbance of alpha. so, this will contribute towardsádestabilizingáeffect, and hence the aircraft will become lesser stable compared to poweráoff. soáthe neutral point will shiftáhere. soáthis is the point where i write n 0 or n 0 bar or xn 0 or xn 0 bar, this is power on and power off is hereáclear. soáwhen you are flying you have to ensure that, cg should not go beyond power on, then it will become unstable during power on right, is this clear? that is the definition neutralápoint, ifáthis is neutral point whether it is power on and poweráoff, pointáis if the cg goes beyond the neutral point, the aircraft will become staticallyáunstable. so, nowáyou know when the engine power is on for this sort of a configuration then actuallyáthe neutral point is not what is i am writing here with power of case, it will give power on little ahead ofáit so, iámust ensure that the cg of the aircraft should never go, beyond.n0 the power on so, this will limit the case how much backward i can take the cg okay. so, the cg backwardáand the cgáforward so, howámuch backward i can take that is dictated by primarily by n0 power on clear okay. nowánext question comes, how further forwardáiácan take the cg because,áiáknow if n 0 is here,áiáput cg here i put cgáhere, iáput cgáhere, iáput cg here in all the cases it will be statically stable, only think if it isá1, 2áandá3, thirdácase will be the most stable case, this is little less than the third case, it is less than the second case, but third case will be most stableácase. nowáwho decides, that can i put the cg anywhere in the front because i give aálogic, ifáit is cg is forward of neutral point, it will be statically stable. so howádoes it matter to me? it will be stable let it be moreástable. doáyou know fundamentally, if an aircraft becomes highly stable, then i need to put large control deflection to trim it for different,ádifferentácl, howádoáiáknowáthat? oneáis by simple common sense, if something is highly stable, it will always resist any change, which try to change its equilibrium to another equilibrium so, we need more effortáright, butámathematically or expression wise whatever we have developed we could see hereáagain, thisáexpression comes to our rescue, you know that delta e trim or delta required is delta e 0, + d delta e by dcl into cl trim this is also cl trim okay. andáwhat is thisáthisáis delta e 0á+ -áxcg - xn 0 bar divided by cm delta e into clátrim, thisáis = delta eárequired. so, asái amátaking cg forwardásuppose this is theáairplane,áand cg i am taking forward in thisádirection, so this gap xcg - xn 0 is going on increasingáokay. negative, negative, positive and negative, so what is happening as it goes on increasingáthe delta e required also will go on increasing right and there will be limit beyond which you may not have realistic delta e available because delta e also have a maximum value of deflection, may be + - 25ádegrees. beyondáthat the flow will stall over the deflection this is the elevator, let usásay, so beyondáfifteen degree of beyond 25 degree, depending upon what sort of elevator you are using, the flow may separate that is why everyáairplaneáis characterize with delta e max is + -,álet usásay 25 degree, some high fidelity aircraft may have 30 degree, 45 degrees but almost of our normaláairplane,áit is 15 to 25ádegree depending upon, what sort of technology you haveáused. so theápoint is there is the delta e max, you cannot exceedáthat, okábut if you go on making it this separation larger and larger, or the making the aircraft more or more stable. this value may exceed the limit given byáthere. so, you have a restriction on how far you can put the cg forward because beyond point, thisávalue is become so large that delta e will may become more than the delta e maxárequired, typicallyáthe delta e up requiredáokay. ifái amámoving the cg towards nose of the airplane thatáis, we are making it more and more stable as i moving cg forward pictorially ifáiádrawádeltaáe vs.cl trimáright thisáis one case highly stable anotherácase, thisáis another case right here okay. what is the understanding here, in which case cg is most forward this is the cg, xcg is most forward because the slope is the highest here most negative, then this is xcg 2 i call it xcgá3. now, seeásuppose you want to trim at this cl trim value so for cg location let me draw it foráyour, thisáis xcg 3 this is 2 this isá1 rightáso this is the most forward right this is 1 hereáright. mostáforward one that means neutral point may be somewhere here so, this is highlyástable, mostástable in thisáconfiguration. so, now if you want to trim a aircraft for the particular cl trim, you see if am using this 3 location, where the starting point is least i need only this much of delta e negative that is delta e isáup, okayábut if changeáthe cg to cg from cg 3 to cg 2, and the stability hasáchanged, we say now i require from here to here this much of delta e required, which is again negative right this much it is much more compared to thisávalue. whatáwill happen for this case, ifáiádraw it like this value, will be exceptionallyáhigh. so whatáis theámeaning, youámean somehow generated clátrim, okayábut how much cl trim you can trim actuallyáby elevatorádeflection is decided by what is the delta e max available and hence, directly it also tells you what is the maximum forward cg you can put for so that your aircraft isátrimmable, okay. so, the aircraft is trimmable so, that i can trim theáairplaneáfurther cl okay. that is very,áveryáimportant so the most forward cg is primarilyádictated by most forward cg + delta e maxáavailable, they areádecides what should be the most forward cg and most fcg is divided by n0 which is power onácase, if poweráoff somewhere here power off we have alreadyáseen, n0 poweráoff. so, nowátwo different things are here one is fcg is governed n 0 power on stick fixed neutral point power on and forward cg is dictated by what is the delta e max available for all practical purpose right. you may also wonder, what happen during landing when i am actually flying at a higher cl but the propeller is also rotating you may wonder, what is happening if i am trying for the landing where cl is also maximum. but power is not on in a true sense is not a full power in theoretical sense i can say propeller wind milling right. then what happens how do i take care of that so, as per as this course is concerned let me tell you shouldáiáproceed with how will you proceed so, far what you have seen this is the n0 stick fixed here i am talking about, stick fixed right and power off. if the engine is nose mounted engine it will giveádestabilizingáeffect so n0 power on will come here, power on will be ahead of n0 power off. so, i should plan that cg of the airplane should never cross this it will become statically unstable during power or more. the next question came, how much forward cgáiácan allow the layout designer toáput, thenáiárealize that forward cg is dictated by the delta e available. so delta e max that will decide how much reallyáiácan how much forward cgáiácan trim because after it will give more cm soáiáhave to have any elevator power to control it,áitáwill nullify it. this part we have a same, now second question whicháiáwas of course whispering is propeller wind milling,áwindámilling that is the special do landingáitĺsánot a full power it is propeller just wind milling. so,áthat case if you see propeller wind milling it is neither power on but not power off right.ásoáit is between these two so n0 fall wind milling should come somewhere here,ápropelleráwind milling, should come somewhere here, the especially doing landingáiáshould be careful about it,ábecauseáthat time n0 is somewhere here, n0 is not power on it will behind, but ahead of n0 stick fixed do you understand this or not?á n0 power on that time, it is contribute the full this stabilizing effect for a propeller engineáináthe nose of the air plane. but wind milling it is in between power on and power off for somewhere here it will be thereáright. soáfor all practical purpose during landing this will be the limit of cg, beyond this cg it will become unstable. but for forward, most forward cg this is the most forward cg when the airplane is at approaching like that it is at high cl max value and we need to know thatáiáhave enough delta e max, which should be able to trim that cl okay.ábecauseáwhat will happen? asáiámove the cg forward and forward delta e max requirement will go on an increasing we have seen that, and since there is a limit on delta e max + - 25 degree. so it will be more cg forward cg more governed byáthis, foráthis is a limit air putting, here and if you know these three things, three, four things you will be able to handle this at all situation, as we progress where when you for a little bit on as a stickáfree we willáagain come back to thisáneutral point and áagain address this things at this from designers prospective we will solve the problem and will try to get field for this. asáiáhave been promising that once some theory, base background, is ready then we will be solving some numerical problem to get better in sight of those expressions, one of the derivations made was dcm by dcl = - static margin, right staticámargin, many books may also refer this as stability margin andáwe know meaning of stability margin is if this is the neutral point. if this is the cg,ái am measuring from some reference here, and this is static margin, of course this is expressed as a percentage of mean aerodynamic chordáokay. weáare not trying to say this how to utilize this dcm by dcl is = - static margin and get some insight about design. onceáiáam writing like thisáiáunderstand the cm is expressed the cm at cl = 0 + dcm by dcl into cl,áokay? thisáis the expansion. for a symmetric aerofoil how do you write? we prefer ifái want write in terms of alpha i write cm at alpha = 0 + dcm by d alpha into alpha. this is workable for symmetric aerofoil, but when it have been cambered aerofoil thenáiáreferred to the cm as cm at cl is = 0 + dcm by dcl into cl, okay. now once we understand let us do a problem, problem is this let me write slope of cm versus cl is point 0 8. then cm at cl = 0 is let me correct slope of cm versus cl is ľ 0.15, because initiallyáiáwrote point 0 8 is positive which is statically unstable right? so, minus sign okay yes its statically stable and what is telling is cm at cl = 0 is point 0 8 so you could see that cm0 is greater than 0 and dcm by dcl is less than 0 so statically stable and since the cm is positive it can be trimmed at a positive angle of attackáokay. the question is determine, the trim lift coefficient that is cl if cg is xcg by c bar is 0.3álet me again to repeat the problem for you to understand the slope of the cm versus cl is - point 1 5 that is dcm by dcl is - point 1 5, soáiáwrite dcm by dcl is ľ 0.15 so this isástatically stableácase and cm0 that is cm as cl is = 0 is point 0 8 so it is possible to trim at positive alpha. question is determining the trim lift coefficient what is the cl for which it can be trimmed easily withoutádoing anything else. so whatáiáam trying to draw is cm cl the slope dcm by dcl is ľ point 15 and cm this value cm0 or cm at cl = 0 this value is point 0 8 what is this values cl trim the question, very simple problem. you know the slope of this line you know this so the cl trimáiácan easily find out like point 0 8 by. let usásay this is x by this x is point 15 the slope is negative we have taken out the negative sign so xáiáwill get as point 0 8 by point 15 and which is approximately equal to you can check around point 5 2 or point 53. soáthis is the value of cl trimáiáwill need not solve onceái draw it like this know from triangle right angle triangle you can easily find out if this is point 0 8 the slope is - point 1 5 slope is nothing but perpendicular by base and negative sign you have to take and that negative value of so straight forward okay. and see how efficient is this expression dcm by dcl = - static margin with this problem we will now go little further and try to extend its value when you are designing an aircraft typically if you designing a civil airplane you will design for a particular static margin may be 10% static margin that is 10% of the linear dynamic chord okay.á10ápercent of thatásoánow if want to select what is the wing area required or. what is the cláiáshould design for you have a criteria likeáfor cl typicallyáiácan write l = half row v square scl okay? so and this = weight the lift = weight you know what at which would have to fly and you know what speed you want to fly you have your wing area. we typically get is some sort of the cl validate let us say cl point 6 let as point 6 you have get so what is the meaning of this 10% static margin right. and cl point 6áiáwill write as point 6 and draw a line - point 1 get 10 percent so dcm by dcl is - point 1 because it is 10% and then to find out what is the intercept so this will be point 0 6 now whatáiádoáiádoáiáknow cm0 = cm0 of wing + cm0 of tail + cm0 of fuselage, soáiáensure the wing tail locations the area are such that the sum of this three quantity as of to give point 0 6 and the neutral point and cg they are located such a way that their static margin that is neutral point and cg this gap is 10% of new mean aerodynamic chord so how simplified. it you approach becomes once you used that relationship you will know this when we do the design course may be we will be doing in one of the books butáitĺsábetter that you should not only know how to find deltaáe foráa cl trim you should also know why we are doing this. soáthese examples are given to excite your mind that you start thinking in terms of utilizing this relationship for designing anáaircraft, okay.áthank you very much.

Spanish: Nuestro cerebro potencialmente puede memorizar 2,5 petabytes de información, que es aproximadamente el equivalente a 3 millones de horas de videos de YouTube. Para utilizar algunos de que la capacidad asombrosa un poco más efectiva cuando se aprende, he aquí algunos consejos que se basan en la investigación ampliamente aceptado por los neurólogos y expertos de aprendizaje. "Spaced Repetición" Para maximizar su aprendizaje, estudiar corta pero a menudo. El neurocientífico demostró que las sinapsis, el millón de millones de conexiones en el cerebro que te hacen recordar y entender las cosas, creciendo principalmente por la noche cuando está dormido. Esto significa que es más productivo para estudiar regularmente con dormir rompe en el medio. ¡Intentalo! algo la práctica durante 15 minutos todos los días y usted se sorprenderá por su progreso dentro de pocas semanas. "Encuentre su propio estilo" Chinese: 我们的大脑有潜力记忆2.5千兆字节的信息 大约等同于3百万小时的YouTube视频 为了在你学习时 更富有成效的使用这难以置信的能力 这里提供一些技巧 这些技巧已被广泛公认的神经学家的研究 和学霸证实 间歇重复 为了最大化你的学习效率 短时间学习 但再三进行 神经科学家已证实 神经突触 就是你大脑中成百上亿万的连接 让你记忆和明白事物 大部分在你晚上睡着时生长 这就意味着有规律地学习 期间有睡眠休息 这样更有效率 试试吧 每日练习一些事情15分钟 你将会在短短几周内惊奇地发现你的进展不错 找到你自己的风格 Japanese: 私たちの脳は 潜在的に2.5ペタバイトの情報を記憶でき、 それはおよそYouTube動画の300万時間に相当します。 その驚異的な能力の一部を、 あなたが学習時に少し効果的に使うためには、 広く受け入れられている研究に基づいた いくつかの秘訣を紹介します。 それは 神経科学者と学習専門家によるものです。 ”期間を空けた反復” 学習の最大化のために、 短くても頻繁に勉強してください。 脳神経科学者は、シナプスが 脳の中で何百万もの繋がりを覚えて理解することを証明しました。 それは主に睡眠時に成長します。 これは、途中で睡眠休憩をとりながら 定期的に勉強することが より生産的であることを意味します。 試してみてください！ 毎日、15分間何かを練習したら、 たった数週間であなた自身の進歩に驚くでしょう。 ”あなた自身のスタイルを見つけてください” Dutch: Ons brein kan mogelijk onthouden 2,5 petabytes aan informatie, dat is ongeveer het equivalent van 3 miljoen uren van YouTube-video's. Als je deze overstijgende capaciteit wil gebruiken om een beetje meer efficiënt te studeren, zijn hier enkele tips gebaseerd op wetenschappelijk onderzoek van neurologen en experts. “Spaced Herhaling" Om het studeren te optimaliseren, studeer kort maar regelmatig. Neurologen hebben bewezen dat synapsen, (de biljoenen connecties in je brein die het mogelijk maken om zaken te onthouden en te begrijpen) het meest groeien 's nachts als je aan het slapen bent. Dit betekent dat het productiever is om regelmatig te studeren met enkele dutjes tussenin... Probeer het eens! Oefen elke dag 15 minuten en je zal verbaasd zijn van je vooruitgang in enkele weken. “Vind je eigen stijl” Modern Greek (1453-): Ο εγκέφαλός μας μπορεί δυνητικά να απομνημονεύσει 2,5 petabytes πληροφοριών, το οποίο αντιστοιχεί περίπου στα 3 εκατομμύρια ώρες βίντεο YouTube. Προκειμένου να χρησιμοποιήσετε κάποια από αυτή την εκπληκτική ικανότητα λίγο πιο αποτελεσματικά όταν μαθαίνετε, εδώ είναι μερικές συμβουλές που βασίζονται σε ευρέως αποδεκτή έρευνα από νευροεπιστήμονες και εμπειρογνώμονες μάθησης. "Διαχωρισμός επανάληψης" Για να μεγιστοποιήσετε τη μάθησή σας, μελετήστε σύντομα αλλά συχνά. Ο νευροεπιστήμονας απέδειξε ότι οι συνάψεις, τα εκατομμύρια δισεκατομμύρια συνδέσεις στον εγκέφαλό σας που σας κάνουν να θυμάστε και να καταλάβετε τα πράγματα, μεγαλώνουν κυρίως τη νύχτα όταν κοιμάσαι. Αυτό σημαίνει ότι είναι πιο παραγωγικό να μελετάς τακτικά με διαλείμματα ύπνου στο μεταξύ. Δοκίμασέ το! Πρακτική κάτι για 15 λεπτά κάθε μέρα και θα εκπλαγείτε από την πρόοδό σας μέσα σε λίγες μόνο εβδομάδες. "Βρείτε το δικό σας στυλ" Polish: Nasz mózg jest w stanie zapamiętać 2,5 petabajtów informacji, co odpowiada z grubsza 3 milionom godzin filmów z Youtube’a. By nieco efektywniej wykorzystać te zdumiewającą pojemność w trakcie uczenia się, przedstawiamy wam parę wskazówek, opierających się na badaniach neurobiologów i ekspertów od nauczania. "Powtórki z przerwami" By zmaksymalizować swoją naukę, ucz się krótko, ale często. Neurobiolodzy dowodzą, że synapsy, miliony bilionów połączeń w twoim mózgu odpowiedzialnych za zapamiętywanie, rosną głównie, gdy odpoczywasz i nocą, kiedy śpisz. Oznacza to, że regularne uczenie się z przerwami na odpoczynek jest bardziej produktywne. Wypróbuj to! Ucz się czegoś przez 15 minut każdego dnia, a efekty zaskoczą cię już po kilku tygodniach. "Znajdź własny styl" English: Our brain can potentially memorize 2.5 petabytes of information, which is roughly the equivalent of 3 million hours of YouTube videos. In order to use some of that staggering capacity a little more effectively when you learn, here are some tips that are based on widely accepted research by neuroscientists and learning experts. “Spaced Repetition" To maximise your learning, study short but often. Neuroscientist proved that synapses, the million billion connections in your brain that make you remember and understand stuff, grow mainly at night when you are asleep. This means that it is more productive to study regularly with sleeping breaks in between. Try it! Practice something for 15 minutes every day and you’ll be surprised by your progress within just weeks. “Find Your Own Style” Serbian: Naš mozak može potencijalno zapamti 2,5 petabajta informacija, što je otprilike ekvivalent od 3 miliona sati Jutjub videa. Da biste malo efikasnije iskoristili taj zapanjujući kapacitet kada učite, evo nekoliko saveta koji su zasnovani na široko prihvaćenim istraživanjima od neuronaučnika i stručnjaka za učenje. "Povremeno ponavljanje" Da biste povećali svoju učenje, učite krakto, ali često. Neuronaučnici su dokazali da sinapse, sadrži milion milijardi veza u vašem mozgu zbog kojih se sećate i razumete stvari, razvijaju se uglavnom noću, dok spavate. To znači da je produktivnije redovno učiti sa pauzama spavanja između. Probajte! Vežbajte nešto 15 minuta svakog dana i bićete iznenađeni svojim napretkom u roku od samo nekoliko nedelja. "Pronađite svoj stil" Mongolian: Бидний тархи ойролцоогоор 2.5 Петабайт хэмжээний мэдээллийг агуулж чадахуйц юм Ойролцоогоор Youtube-н 3сая цагийн бичлэг үзсэнтэй тэнцэхүйц гэсэн үг тэр мэдлэгээ илүү зөв зүйлд хэрэглэхийн тулд шинжлэх ухааны мэргэжилтэнгүүдийн Судалгааны үр дүнд шалгарсан хэдэн аргуудыг танилцуулъя Зай завсартай давтах Сурах мэдлэгээ ихэсгэхийн тулд бага хугацаагаар хичээллэ гэхдээ ихэвчлэн Нэүро эрдэмтэд синапсис нь таны тархинд байгаа сая, тербум зүйлсийг хооронд нь холбож ойлгож тогтоох чадвар нь шөнийн цагаар унтаж байхад тань илүү үр дүнтэй байдаг учир хичээл хийхдээ дундаа унтлагийн завсарлагаатай хийсэн нь зөв Оролдоод л үз! Нэг зүйлийг өдөрт 15минут л бэлдээд үз та хэдэн долоо хоногийн дотор л танд ямар том өөрчлөлт гарснийг мэдрэх болно Өөрийнхөө сурах аргыг ол Romanian: Creierul nostru poate memora 2,5 petabite de informații, care este aproximativ echivalentul a 3 milioane de ore de videoclipuri YouTube. Pentru a utiliza o parte din această capacitate uluitoare un pic mai eficient atunci când înveți, iată câteva sfaturi care se bazează pe cercetări larg acceptate de către neurologi și experți în învățare. „Repetare spațiată” Pentru a vă maximiza învățarea, studiați scurt, dar deseori. Neurologul a dovedit că sinapsele, milionul de miliarde de conexiuni din creierul tău care te fac să-ți amintești și să înțelegi chestii, creșteți mai ales noaptea, când adormiți. Aceasta înseamnă că este mai productiv să studiezi în mod regulat cu pauze de somn între ele. Incearca-l! Exersează ceva timp de 15 minute în fiecare zi și veți fi surprinși de progresul dvs. în doar câteva săptămâni. „Găsește-ți propriul stil” Arabic: يمكن للدماغ أن يحفظ مقدار 2.5 بيتابايت من المعلومات وهو تقريبًا ما يوازي 3 ملايين ساعة من مقاطع اليوتيوب من أجل استخدام بعضًا من تلك القدرة المذهلة بفعالية أكثر قليلًا عندما تتعلم أطرح لكم بعض النصائح التي تستند إلى أبحاث مقبولة على نطاق واسع من علماء الأعصاب وخبراء التعلم "التكرار المُتباعد" لتحقيق أقصى قدر من التعلم، ذاكر لمدة قصيرة متكررة أثبت علماء الأعصاب أن الوصلات العصبية الموجودة في الدماغ بملايين المليارات من الوصلات المسؤولة بتذكرك الأشياء وفهمها تنمو تحديدًا في الليل عندما تكون نائمًا مما يعني أن الإنتاجية تزيد كلما كانت المذاكرة منتظمة وتتخللها استراحات للنوم جرّبها! مارس أمرًا لمدة 15 دقيقة يوميًا وستنبهر بمدى التقدم الذي ستحرزه في غضون أسابيع فقط "جد أسلوبك الخاص" Italian: Il nostro cervello può potenzialmente memorizzare 2.5 petabytes di informazioni che equivarrebbe a 3 milioni di ore di video di YouTube per poter utilizzare parte di questa sconvolgente capacità in modo più efficace quando si impara, ecco alcuni suggerimenti per si basano su ricerche ampiamente accettate da neuroscienziati e esperti di apprendimento. "ripetizione scadenziata" per ottimizzare il tuo apprendimento, studia per breve tempo ma spesso. I neuroscienziati hanno provato che le sinapsi, quelle bilioni di milioni di connessioni nel tuo cervello che ti fanno ricordare e capire le cose, crescono soprattutto di notte mentre stai dormendo. Ciò significa che è più produttivo studiare regolarmente facendo delle pause-sonnellino di mezzo. Provalo! pratica qualcosa per 15 minuti ogni giorno e sarai sorpreso dei tuoi progressi in solo poche settimane. " Trova il tuo stile" Russian: Наш мозг потенциально может запомнить 2,5 петабайта информации, что примерно эквивалентно 3 миллионам часов видео на YouTube. Чтобы использовать некоторые из этих ошеломляющих способностей немного эффективнее, когда вы учитесь, Вот несколько советов, которые основаны на широко принятых исследованиях нейробиологами и экспертами по обучению. «Пространственное повторение» Чтобы максимизировать ваше обучение, учитесь коротко, но часто. Нейробиолог доказал, что синапсы, миллион миллиардов связей в вашем мозгу, которые заставляют вас помнить и понимать вещи, расти в основном ночью, когда вы спите. Это означает, что более продуктивно учиться регулярно с перерывами на сон. Попытайся! Практикуй что-нибудь по 15 минут каждый день и вы будете удивлены вашим прогрессом в течение нескольких недель. «Найди свой стиль» Chinese: 我們的大腦有潛力儲存2.5petabytes資訊量 大約300萬小時的YouTube視頻 為了在讀書時使用這一些驚人的能力 這裡有一些基本且廣泛的技巧 是被神經學家和學習專家研究證實的 間隔重複 讓學習最大化，讀書要短暫但頻繁 神經學家證實那些神經突觸 也就是那些在你腦袋裡，上百億個幫助你記憶和理解的神經元 主要是在傍晚睡覺時產生的 這就意味著有效率的學習是規律的讀書夾雜著休息 試試看吧！ 每天練習做一件事15分鐘 你將會驚訝幾周內的成果 找出自己的方式 Vietnamese: Não của chúng ta có khả năng ghi nhớ 2,5 petabytes thông tin, tương đương với 3 triệu giờ video trên YouTube Để sử dụng một số trong khả năng đáng kinh ngạc đó có hiệu quả hơn một chút khi bạn học, sau đây là vài lời khuyên được dựa trên nghiên cứu được chấp nhận rộng rãi bởi các nhà thần kinh học và các chuyên gia học tập. (Trans by: Hoàng Quyên) "Sự lặp lại" Để tối đa hóa việc học tập của bạn, học trong thời gian ngắn nhưng thường xuyên. Các nhà thần kinh học đã chứng minh rằng các khớp thần kinh (synapse), hàng triệu tỷ các kết nối trong não của bạn làm cho bạn nhớ và hiểu, phát sinh chủ yếu vào ban đêm khi bạn đang ngủ. Tức là sẽ hiệu quả hơn khi học thường xuyên với giấc ngủ ngắt giữa. Hãy thử nó! Tập gì đó 15 phút mỗi ngày và bạn sẽ ngạc nhiên vì sự tiến bộ của mình chỉ trong vòng vài tuần. "Tìm ra cách học riêng của bạn" Czech: Náš mozek si může potenciálně zapamatovat 2,5 petabajtů informací, což je zhruba stejné množství dat jako 3 miliony hodin videa na YouTube. Pokud si tedy chcete navýšit kapacitu vaší paměti, pozorně poslouchejte následující tipy, které jsou založeny na všeobecně uznávaných výzkumech neurologů a odborníků na učení. "Prostorové opakování" Chcete-li maximalizovat efektivitu svého učení, učte se krátce, ale často. Neurologové dokázali, že synapse (miliony miliard spojení v mozku, díky kterým si jste schopni věci zapamatovat a pochopit), rostou hlavně v noci, když spíte. To znamená, že je produktivnější pravidelné studium s přestávkami na spaní. Zkuste to! Dělejte něco každý den po dobu 15 minut a budete překvapeni svým pokrokem již za pár týdnů. "Najděte svůj vlastní styl" iw: המוח שלנו יכול באופן פוטנציאלי לשנן 2.5 פטה-בייט של מידע, שהוא בערך שווה ערך של 3 מיליון שעות של סרטוני YouTube. כדאי להשתמש בחלק מהקיבולת המדהימה באופן יעיל יותר בזמן הלמידה, הנה כמה טיפים המבוססים על מחקר על נוירונים בשילוב מדענים ומומחי הוראה: מקובל על ידי מדעני מוח ומומחי למידה. "במרווחים חזרה" כדי למקסם את הלמידה שלך, ללמוד קצר אבל לעתים קרובות. חוקר המוח הוכיח סינפסות כי, מיליוני מיליארדים החיבורים במוח שגורמים לך לזכור ולהבין דברים, לגדול בעיקר בלילה כאשר אתה ישן. משמעות הדבר היא כי זה יותר פרודוקטיבי ללמוד בקביעות עם שנת הפסקות באמצע. נסה זאת! עיסוק משהו במשך 15 דקות בכל יום ואתה תהיה מופתע על ידי ההתקדמות שלך בתוך שבועות ספורים. "מצא את הסגנון משלך" Indonesian: Otak kita mampu mengingat informasi sebanyak 2,5 petabytes yaitu setara dengan 3 miliyar jam dari sebuah video youtube Untuk menggunakan kapasitas yang mengagumkan tersebut dengan efektif ketika kamu belajar, Berikut beberapa cara berdasarkan penilitian yang diterima kebanyakan peneliti Ahli saraf dan pengajar profesional Pengulangan berkala Untuk memaksimalkan pengetahuan kamu, belajarlah dengan singkat tapi sesering mungkin. Ahli saraf membuktikan bahwa sinapsis Jutaan miliyar koneksi didalam otak mu yang membuat kamu mengingat dan memahami sesuatu Berkembang dengan sendirinya di malam hari ketika kamu beristirahat. Ini artinya, akan lebih produktif untuk belajar teratur di iringi dengan tidur sejenak diantaranya. Cobalah ! Cobalah sesuatu selama 15 menit setiap hari Dan kamu akan terkejut dengan perkembanganmu hanya dalam waktu satu minggu. "Temukan cara mu sendiri" Turkish: Beynimiz potansiyel olarak 2,5 petabayt'lık bilgiyi hafızaya alabilir Bu yaklaşık 3 milyon saatlik YouTube videosunun eşdeğeridir. Öğrendiğinizde o şaşırtıcı kapasitenin bir kısmını daha etkili bir şekilde kullanmak için, Burada, Sinirbilimciler ve öğrenme uzmanları tarafından yaygın kabul gören araştırmalara dayanan bazı ipuçları verilmektedir. Burada, Sinirbilimciler ve öğrenme uzmanları tarafından yaygın kabul gören araştırmalara dayanan bazı ipuçları verilmektedir. "Aralıklı Çalış" Öğreniminizi en üst düzeye çıkarmak için kısa ama sık sık çalışın. Sinirbilimci sinapsların, Beyninizde size hatırlatan ve anlayan milyonlarca bağlantı, Özellikle gece uyurken büyür. Bu, düzenli aralıklarla uyku molaları ile çalışmanın daha üretken olduğu anlamına gelir. Tekrarla! Her gün 15 dakika boyunca bir şeyleri pratik yapın Ve ilerlemeniz sadece birkaç hafta içinde şaşkına çevrebilir. ''Kendi Stilini Bul " Hungarian: Agyunk 2,5 PetaByte információ memorizálására képes, amely durván 3 millió órányi YouTube videónak felel meg. Hogy jobban kiaknázhassuk ezt a megdöbbentő kapacitást, amikor tanulunk, a következőkben hallott tippek széleskörben elfogadott kutatásokon alapszanak neurológusoktól és tanulási szakértőktől. "Időközönkénti megszakítás" A maximális hatásért, tanulj rövid ideig, de gyakran ismételve. Neurológusok bebizonyították, hogy a szinapszisok, a millió milliárdnyi kapcsolat az agyadban, amely lehetővé teszi az emlékezést és a megértést, főként éjszaka alvás közben keletkezik. Ami az jelenti, hogy hatékonyabb a tanulás, ha azt időközönként alvással szakítjuk meg. Próbáld ki! Gyakorolj valamit minden nap 15 percig, és meg fogsz lepődni milyen fejlődésen mész keresztül már néhány hét alatt. "Találd meg a saját stílusod" French: Notre cerveau peut potentiellement mémoriser 2,5 petabytes d'informations, Qui est à peu près l'équivalent de 3 millions d'heures de vidéos YouTube. Afin d'utiliser une partie de cette capacité stupéfiante un peu plus efficacement lorsque vous apprenez, Voici quelques conseils qui sont basés sur la recherche largement acceptée Par les neuroscientifiques et les experts en apprentissage. Répétition espacée Pour maximiser votre apprentissage, étude courte mais souvent. Neuroscientifique prouvé que les synapses Le million de milliards de connexions dans votre cerveau qui vous font vous rappeler et comprendre des choses, Grandissent surtout la nuit quand vous dormez. Cela signifie qu'il est plus productif d'étudier régulièrement avec des pauses de sommeil entre les deux. Essayez le! Pratique quelque chose pendant 15 minutes chaque jour Et vous serez surpris par vos progrès en quelques semaines. trouvez votre propre style Korean: 우리의 뇌는 잠재적으로 2.5 페타 바이트의 정보를 암기 할 수 있습니다. 대략 3 백만 시간의 YouTube 동영상과 같습니다. 공부할때, 조금 더 효과적으로 놀라운 역량의 일부를 사용할 목적으로, 널리 받아 들여지는 연구에 기반한 몇 가지 요령이 있습니다. 신경 과학자와 학습 전문가. "간격 반복" 학습을 극대화하기 위해 짧지 만 자주 공부하십시오. 신경 과학자는 시냅스, 네가 기억하고 이해할 수 있도록하는 두뇌의 백만 가지 연결 당신이 잠 들어있을 때 주로 밤에 자랍니다. 이것은 중간에 잠을 자면서 정기적으로 공부하는 것이 더 생산적이라는 것을 의미합니다. 시도 해봐! 매일 15 분 동안 무언가를 연습하십시오. 몇 주 안에 귀하의 진보에 놀라실 것입니다. "나만의 스타일 찾기" Portuguese: Nosso cérebro pode potencialmente memorizar 2,5 petabytes de informações, que é aproximadamente o equivalente a 3 milhões de horas de vídeos do YouTube. A fim de usar um pouco dessa surpreendente capacidade um pouco mais eficaz quando você aprende, Aqui estão algumas dicas que são baseadas em pesquisas amplamente aceitas por neurocientistas e especialistas de aprendizagem. "Repetição Espaçada" Para maximizar a sua aprendizagem, estudo de curta duração, mas muitas vezes. Neurocientista provou que as sinapses, As milhões de bilhões de conexões em seu cérebro que fazem você se lembrar e entender coisas, Crescem principalmente à noite quando você está dormindo. Isso significa que é mais produtivo estudar regularmente com pausas de descanso no meio. Tente! Pratique algo por volta de 15 minutos todos os dias e você vai se surpreender com o seu progresso dentro de poucas semanas. "Encontrar seu próprio estilo" Bulgarian: Мозъкът ни потенциално може да запомни 2,5 петабайта информация, което приблизително е равно на 3 милиона часа, прекарани в гледане на Ютуб видеа. За да се използва този зашеметяващ капацитет по-ефективно, когато учите, тук са няколко съвета, базирани на широко разпространено проучване от невролози и специалисти по обучение. “Периодично преговаряне” За да развиете до максималната степен обучението си, учете за кратко време, но често. Невролозите са доказали, че синапсите, милиардите връзки в мозъка ви, които правят запомнянето и разбирането на нещата възможно, главно растат през нощта, когато сте заспали. Това означава, че е по-продуктивно да учите редовно с дрямки по време на почивките. Пробвайте го! Упражнявайте нещо 15 минути всеки ден и ще бъдете изненадани от прогреса си само за няколко седмици. “Намерете собствения си стил” Russian: Слушая учителя истории, Том набрасывает изображения, и Джейн заканчивает 1 килограмм орехов. Некоторым нравится смотреть видео за чтением книг, другие учатся с друзьями, а некоторые любят сидеть в тишине среди миллиона книг. Все разные. «Спокойной ночи, сон» Сон и мечты жизненно важны для обработки и хранения новой информации. Исследование Гарварда показало, что студенты, которые хорошо выспались ночью вспомнил свои учебные материалы На 35% лучше, чем тем, кто учился утром, сдавать тест вечером. «Фокус!» Если вы склонны медлить, это означает, что вы склонны переключаться с выполнения чего-то сложного, как изучение математики к чему-то простому, как просмотр веб-страниц, защитить себя от отвлечения внимания. Один из способов сделать это - выключить мобильный телефон. или идите в тихое место, например, в библиотеку. «Помодоро Техника» Portuguese: Enquanto ouvia o professor de história, Tom rabisca desenhos e Jane termina 1 quilo de nozes. Alguns gostam de assistir vídeos sobre livros de leitura, outros estudam com amigos e alguns gostam de sentar em silêncio entre um milhão de livros. Todo mundo é diferente. "Boa noite de sono" O sono e os sonhos são vitais para o processamento e armazenamento de novas informações. Um estudo de Harvard mostrou que os alunos que tiveram uma boa noite de sono lembram-se das matérias de estudo 35% melhor do que aqueles que estudaram pela manhã para fazer um teste à noite. "Foco!" Se você tende a procrastinar, que significa que você tende a mudar algo difícil que está fazendo como estudar matemática para algo fácil como navegar na web, Proteja-se da distração. Uma maneira de fazer isso é desligar o telefone celular ou ir a um lugar calmo como uma biblioteca. "Técnica Pomodoro " Romanian: În timp ce ascultați profesorul de istorie, Tom scrijelează imagini și Jane finisează 1 kilogram de nuci. Unii se bucură să vizioneze videoclipuri la citirea cărților, alții studiază cu prietenii și unii le place să stea în tăcere printre un milion de cărți. Toată lumea este diferită. „Somnul bun” Somnul și visele sunt vitale pentru procesarea și stocarea informațiilor noi. Un studiu de la Harvard a arătat că studenții care au avut un somn bun și-a amintit materialele de studiu Cu 35% mai bine decât cei care au studiat dimineața să facă un test seara. „Focus!“ Dacă ai tendința de a amâna, ceea ce înseamnă că ai tendința să treci de la a face ceva greu precum studierea matematicii la ceva ușor precum navigarea pe web, protejează-te de distragere. Un mod de a face acest lucru este să închideți telefonul mobil sau du-te într-un loc destul ca o bibliotecă. „Tehnica Pomodoro” Turkish: Tarih öğretmeni dinlerken, Tom imgeler çiziyor ve Jane 1 kilo fıstığı bitiriyor. Bazıları kitap okumaktan, video izlemekten, Diğerleri arkadaşlarıyla birlikte çalışıyor ve bazıları milyonlarca kitap arasında sessizce oturmayı sever. Herkes farklı. ''İyi Gece Uykusu'' Uyku ve düşler, yeni bilgilerin işlenmesi ve saklanması için hayati önem taşımaktadır. Harvard'da yapılan bir araştırma, iyi bir uyku çeken öğrencilerin Çalışma materyallerini Sabah akşam test yapanlara göre %35 oranında daha iyi şekilde hatırladığını gördü. ''Odaklan!'' Eğer erteleme eğilimindeyseniz, Yani matematik çalışmak gibi zor bir şey yapıyorsanız, Web'e göz atmak gibi kolay bir şeye, Dikkatinizi dağıtmadan kendinizi koruyun. Bunu yapmanın bir yolu cep telefonunuzu kapatmak, Ya da kütüphane gibi sessiz bir yere gitmektir. ''Pomodoro Tekniği'' Vietnamese: Trong khi lắng nghe bài giảng của giáo viên Lịch Sử, Tom vẽ nguệch ngoạc những hình ảnh và Jane ăn xong 1 kg hạt. Một số thích xem video hơn đọc sách, số khác học với bạn bè và một số thích ngồi yên lặng giữa 1 triệu cuốn sách. Mỗi người đều khác nhau. "Giấc ngủ sâu" Giấc ngủ và những giấc mơ rất quan trọng trong xử lý và lưu trữ thông tin mới Một nghiên cứu của Harvard cho thấy rằng những sinh viên đã có một giấc ngủ ngon nhớ bài học của họ tốt hơn 35% so với những sinh viên đã học vào buổi sáng để kiểm tra vào buổi tối. "Tập trung" Nếu bạn có xu hướng trì hoãn, có nghĩa là bạn có xu hướng chuyển từ làm một cái gì đó khó như học toán sang một cái gì đó dễ như truy cập web, bảo vệ chính bạn khỏi sự xao nhãng. Một cách để thực hiện là tắt nguồn điện thoại di động của bạn hoặc đi tới một nơi yên tĩnh như thư viện. "Công nghệ quản lý thời gian" Italian: Mentre ascolti il proff. di storia, Tom fa dei disegnini e Jane si mangia 1 chilo di noci alcuni si vedono un video mentre leggono libri, atri studiano con gli amici ad altri piace sedersi in silenzio tra un milione di libri. ognuno è diverso "buona notte di sonno" Il sonno e i sogni sono di vitale importanza per l'elaborazione e la memorizzazione di nuove informazioni. Uno studio di Harvard ha mostrato che gli studenti che dormono bene di notte ricordano ciò che studiano il 35% meglio di quelli che studiano la mattina e fanno un esame la sera. "Focus" Se tendi a procrastinare, ciò significa che tendi a passare dal fare qualcosa di difficile come studiare matematica a qualcosa di facile come navigare su internet proteggiti dalle distrazioni. un modo per fare ciò è spegnere il tuo cellulare oppure andare in un posto tranquillo come una biblioteca. "la tecnica del pomodoro" Chinese: 在听历史老师讲课时 汤姆在涂鸦 简吃掉了1公斤坚果 有些人喜欢在看视频时看书 另一些人喜欢与一群朋友一起学习 还有些喜欢在一堆书中安静的学习 每个人都是不同的 良好睡眠 睡觉与做梦是处理和储存新信息至关重要的部分 一项哈佛的研究 显示那些在记忆学习资料 后睡了一晚好觉的学生 比那些早上学习晚上测试的学生效果要好35% 集中注意力 如果你易于拖延 也就是说你倾向于从进行学习数学之类的困难任务 转到轻松的事情如浏览网页 为了让你自己免于分心 一种方法是关闭你的手机 或去像图书馆一样安静的地方 番茄工作法 Spanish: Mientras escucha el profesor de historia, Tom garabatos imágenes y Jane acaba 1 kilo de nueces. Algunos disfrutan viendo videos más libros de lectura, otros estudian con amigos y algunos como sentarse en silencio entre un millón de libros. Todo el mundo es diferente. "Dormir bien durante la noche" El sueño y los sueños son vitales para el procesamiento y almacenamiento de información nueva. Un estudio de Harvard mostró que los estudiantes que tuvieron una buena noche de sueño recordado sus materiales de estudio 35% mejor que los que estudiaron en la mañana para tomar una prueba de la tarde. "¡Atención!" Si tiene tendencia a posponer las cosas, lo que significa que se tiende a pasar de hacer algo duro, como las matemáticas que estudian a algo fácil como navegar por la web, protegerse de distracción. Una forma de hacer esto es para apagar el teléfono móvil o ir a un lugar como una biblioteca. "Técnica Pomodoro" Hungarian: Amíg a történelem tanárt hallgatod, Tamás firkálni szokott, míg Zsanett egy kiló diót eszik meg. Néhányan olvasás közben videókat szoktunk nézni, mások barátokkal együtt és vannak, akik csöndben, milliónyi könyvvel körülvéve egyedül szeretnek tanulni. Különbözőek vagyunk. "Egy pihentető éjszakai alvás" Az alvás és az álmok létfontosságuak az új információk feldolgozása és rögzítése során. Egy Harvardon készült tanulmány szerint, azok a diákok akik éjszaka kipihenték magukat jobban emlékeztek a tanulnivalóikra, és 35%-al jobb teljesítményt nyújtottak azoknál, mint, akik éjszaka készültek fel a vizsgára. "Összpontosíts" Ha kalandozni szoktál, ami azt jelenti, hogy a nagy erőbefektetést igénylő dolgok helyett, mint a matematika inkább a könnyebb úton jársz, például böngészel a neten, védd meg magad a zavaró tényezőktől. Egy mód ennek elkerülésére, hogy kikapcsolod a mobiltelefonod vagy egy csöndes helyre mész, mint a könyvtár. "Pomodoro teknika" French: en ecoutant le professeur d'histoire Tom gribouille des images et Jane termine 1 kilo de noix. Certains aiment regarder des vidéos sur la lecture des livres, D'autres étudient avec des amis et d'autres comme assis en silence parmi un million de livres. tout le monde est different une bonne nuit de sommeil Le sommeil et les rêves sont vitaux pour le traitement et le stockage de nouvelles informations. Une étude de Harvard a montré que les étudiants qui avaient une bonne nuit de sommeil Se souviennent de leurs documents d'étude 35% mieux que ceux qui ont étudié le matin pour passer un test le soir. se concentrer si vous avez tendance à procrastiner Ce qui signifie que vous avez tendance à passer de faire quelque chose de dur comme l'étude des mathématiques À quelque chose de facile comme la navigation sur le web, Protégez-vous de la distraction Une façon d'y parvenir est d'arrêter votre téléphone mobile ou aller dans un lieu calme comme une bibliothèque la technique pomodoro Bulgarian: Слушайки учителя по история, Том си драска картинки и Джейн привършва единия килограм ядки. Някои предпочитат да гледат видеа, вместо да четат книги, други да учат с приятели, а пък някои да стоят тихо около милиони книги. Всеки е различен. “Добрият нощен сън’’ Сънят и сънищата са съществено важни за производството и запомнянето на нова информация. Изследване на Харвард е показало, че студентите, които са се наспали добре, запомнят учебния материал 35% по-добре от онези, които са учили до сутринта за теста вечерта. “Фокусирай се!” Ако сте склони да се отплесвате, което означава да отлагате правенето на нещо трудно като например да учиш по математика с правенето на нещо лесно като да стоиш в Интернет, предпазете се от разсейване. Един начин да правите това е да изключите телефона си или да отидете на някое спокойно място като библиотеката. ‘’Техника помодоро” Dutch: Terwijl je luistert naar de leerkracht van geschiedenis, is Tom alles aan het uittekenen en heeft Jane ondertussen al een kilo noten gegeten. Andere bekijken liever filmpjes over de leerstof dan dat ze dit in een boek lezen, nog andere studeren met vrienden en sommige zitten liever de leerstof in stilte te lezen. Iedereen is uniek. "Goede nachtrust" Slaap en dromen zijn belangrijk om informatie te verwerken. Een studie van Harvard toont aan dat studenten die een goede nachtrust hebben gehad hun studiemateriaal 35% beter dan degenen die in de ochtend bestudeerd om een ​​test in de avond te nemen. "Focus!" Als je de neiging om uitstelgedrag, wat betekent dat je de neiging om over te schakelen van iets te doen hard als wiskunde aan het leren om iets te gemakkelijk als surfen op het web, uzelf te beschermen tegen afleiding. Een manier om dit te doen is het afsluiten van uw mobiele telefoon of ga naar een rustige plek zoals een bibliotheek. “Pomodorotechniek” Japanese: 歴史の先生の話を聞いている間、 トムは絵を描き、 ジェーンは1キロのナッツを完食します ある人は本を読みながらビデオを見て楽しんだり、 ある人は友達と勉強したり、 またある人は 何百もの本に囲まれて静かに座っていたりします。 みんな異なるのです。 "質のよい睡眠” 睡眠と夢は、 新しい情報の処理と保存に不可欠です。 ハーバード大の研究で、 質の良い睡眠をとった生徒達は 彼らの学習の資料を覚えていて それは、夕方に試験受けるために朝勉強した人たちより35%も優れていたことが示されました。 "集中する！” あなたが物事を先延ばしになる傾向がある場合、 数学を学ぶような何かをすることから ネットを見るような簡単なものなどに 切り替える傾向があることを意味し、 気を取られるものから身を守らなければなりません。 これを行うための方法は スマホの電源を切るか 図書館のような静かな場所に行くかです。 "ポモドーロテクニック” （イタリア式時間管理術） English: While listening to the history teacher, Tom scribbles images and Jane finishes 1 kilo of nuts. Some enjoy watching videos over reading books, others study with friends and some like sitting in silence among a million books. Everybody is different. “Good Night’s Sleep” Sleep and dreams are vital to processing and storing new information. A Harvard study showed that students who had a good night’s sleep remembered their study materials 35% better than those who studied in the morning to take a test in the evening. “Focus!” If you tend to procrastinate, which means that you tend to switch from doing something hard like studying maths to something easy like browsing the web, protect yourself from distraction. One way of doing this is to shut down your mobile phone or go to a quite place like a library. “Pomodoro Technique” Indonesian: Ketika kamu mendengar guru sejarah, Tom menggambar acak dan jane sudah menghabiskan 1 kilo kacang Beberapa lebih menikmati menonton video dibandingkan membaca buku Yang lainnya belajar bersama teman temannya dan beberapa hanya duduk diam di antara banyak buku. Setiap orang berbeda "Tidur malam yang cukup" Tidur dan mimpi sangat penting untuk memproses dan menceritakan suatu informasi baru Sebuah study di Harvard membuktikan bahwa siswa yang mempunyai tidur yang nyenyak di malam hari mampu mengingat bahan pembelajaran mereka 35 % lebih baik dari pada mereka yang belajar di pagi hari yang akan ujia di siang hari. "Fokus!" Jika kamu cenderung menunda nunda, Yang artinya kamu lebih cenderung untuk menggantikan sesuatu yang sulit seperti belajar Matematika Kepada sesuatu yang mudah dikerjakan seperti menelusuri Web Jagalah dirimu dari Kelalaian Satu cara untuk menghentikannya, adalah dengan meng non aktifkan hand phone mu Atau pergi ke tempat yang jauh dari keributan seperti Peprpustakaan "Teknik Pomodoro" Chinese: 當學習歷史老師的教學時 Tom畫圖來學習，Jane卻是吃了一公斤的堅果。 有些人看影片比起讀書能更好的學習 有些人喜歡和朋友一起讀書，有些人則喜歡坐在沈靜的書海中學習。 每個人都有不同的方式 優質的睡眠 睡眠和作夢對處理和儲存新資訊是至關重要 在哈佛大學的研究顯示，在下午的測驗中 一夜好眠的學生比起早起讀書的學生 能多記住35%的內容。 專注 如果你傾向拖延 這意味著你傾向逃避困難的事情，例如學習數學 選擇做簡單的事情，例如瀏覽網頁 那請把持住自己，不要分心 有一種方式就是關閉你的手機 或者去一個安靜的地方，像是圖書館 番茄工作法 Modern Greek (1453-): Ενώ ακούτε τον δάσκαλο της ιστορίας, Ο Tom χαράζει εικόνες και η Jane τελειώνει 1 κιλό καρύδια. Ορισμένοι απολαμβάνουν να παρακολουθούν βίντεο κατά την ανάγνωση βιβλίων, άλλοι μελετούν με φίλους και μερικοί σαν να κάθονται σιωπηλά ανάμεσα σε ένα εκατομμύριο βιβλία. Όλοι είναι διαφορετικοί. "Καλή νύχτα ύπνου" Ο ύπνος και τα όνειρα είναι ζωτικής σημασίας για την επεξεργασία και την αποθήκευση νέων πληροφοριών. Μια μελέτη του Χάρβαρντ έδειξε ότι οι μαθητές που είχαν καλό ύπνο θυμήθηκαν τα υλικά μελέτης τους 35% καλύτερα από εκείνους που μελετήθηκαν το πρωί για να δοκιμάσουν το βράδυ. "Συγκεντρώνω!" Εάν έχετε την τάση να χρονοτριβεί, πράγμα που σημαίνει ότι έχετε την τάση να αλλάζετε από κάνοντας κάτι σκληρό όπως τη μελέτη των μαθηματικών σε κάτι εύκολο όπως την περιήγηση στο διαδίκτυο, προστατεύστε τον εαυτό σας από την αποστροφή της προσοχής. Ένας τρόπος να γίνει αυτό είναι να κλείσετε το κινητό σας τηλέφωνο ή πηγαίνετε σε ένα ήσυχο μέρος όπως μια βιβλιοθήκη. "Τεχνική Pomodoro" Mongolian: Түүхийн багшийг сонсож байхдаа Том зураг зурж , Жейн 1кг самар дуусгаж харин зарим нь кино, видео бичлэг үзэнгээ ном унших дуртай байдаг зарим нь хүүхдүүдтэй ярьж хуваалцаж бүр чимээгүй орчинд ганцаараа ном уншдаг ч байж болно Хүн бүр өөр Шөнө сайн амарч авах Унтах болон зүүдлэх нь шинэ мэдээлэл цуглуулахийн эх үүсвэр нь болж байдаг Харвардийн сургалтад шөнө сайн унтаж амарсан хүүхэд хичээлээ өглөө эрт босч шалгалт болтол бэлтгэл хийснээс 35%-аар сайн тогтоосон байдаг. "Төвлөр!" Хэрэв та хойшлуулъя гэж бодож байгаа бол жишээлбэл математик бодохийг хэцүү гээд интэрнэтээр оролдохийг илүүд үзэхээс зайлсхий өөрийгөө сатааруулах зүйлсүүдийг хол байлга Өөрөөр бол утсаа унтраана гэсэн үг эсвэл ямар ч чимээ байхгүй номын санд очих ч байж болно "Помодоро Техник" Polish: Słuchając nauczyciela historii, Tom bazgrze rysunki, a Jane kończy wsuwać orzeszki. Ktoś jest w stanie jednocześnie czytać i oglądać filmy, ktoś inny lubi uczyć się z kolegami, a jeszcze inny woli zaszyć się z milionem książek w ciszy. Każdy jest inny. "Dobry sen" Sen jest niezbędny do opracowywania i przechowywania nowych informacji. Badania prowadzone na Harvardzie pokazują, że studenci po dobrze przespanej nocy pamiętają przyswajany materiał 35 % lepiej od tych, którzy uczyli się rano przed wieczornym egzaminem. "Skupienie bez rozpraszania" Jeśli masz tendencję do prokrastynowania, tzn. zamiast uczyć się trudnej matematyki, wybierasz przeglądanie internetu - chroń się przed „rozpraszaczami”. Jednym ze sposobów jest wyłączenie komórki albo znalezienie zacisznego miejsca takiego jak biblioteka. "Technika pomidora" Korean: 역사 선생님의 말을 듣고, 톰은 이미지를 낙서하고 제인은 1 킬로그램의 너트를 마칩니다. 어떤 이들은 책을 읽는 것보다 비디오를 보는 것을 즐긴다. 다른 사람들은 친구들과 공부하고 백만 권의 책 가운데 침묵 속에 앉아있는 사람들도 있습니다. 모두 다 다릅니다. "잘자요 수면" 수면과 꿈은 새로운 정보를 처리하고 저장하는 데 중요합니다. 하버드 (Harvard)의 한 연구에 따르면, 좋은 밤의 수면을 취한 학생들 그들의 학습 자료를 기억했다. 저녁에 시험을보기 위해 아침에 공부 한 사람들보다 35 % 더 낫습니다. "초점!" 당신이 미루는 경향이 있다면, 이는 수학을 공부하는 것처럼 열심히하는 것에서 바꾸는 경향이 있음을 의미합니다. 웹 브라우징과 같은 간단한 작업으로 주의 산만에서 자신을 보호하십시오. 이 작업을 수행하는 한 가지 방법은 휴대 전화를 종료하는 것입니다. 또는 도서관과 같은 곳으로 가십시오. "포모도로 기법" Czech: Při poslouchání učitele dějepisu, Tom čmárá obrázky a Jane spořádá 1 kilo ořechů. Někteří upřednostňují sledování videí před čtením knih, jiní učení se s přáteli a někteří sezení v tichu mezi milionem knih. Každý je jiný. "Pořádně se vyspat" Spánek a sny jsou životně důležité pro zpracování a ukládání nových informací. Studie z Harvardu ukázaly, že studenti, kteří dost spali, si pamatovali své studijní materiály o 35% lépe než ti, kteří se učili ráno na test ve večerních hodinách. "Soustředťe se!" Pokud máte tendenci věci odkládat, což znamená, že máte tendenci přecházet od dělání něčeho těžkého, jako je studium matematiky, k něčemu snadnému, jako je procházení webu, chraňte se před rozptýlením. Jedním ze způsobů, jak toho dosáhnout, je vypnout svůj mobilní telefon nebo jít na klidné místo, třeba do knihovny. "Technika Pomodoro" Arabic: أثناء الاستماع إلى معلّم التاريخ توم يشخبط في كراسته وجين يأكل كيلوًا من المكسرات البعض يستمتع بمشاهدة المقاطع عند قراءة الكتب وآخرون يدرسون بصحبة الأصدقاء وغيرهم يفضلّون الجلوس بصمت بين مليون كتاب فالكل له أسلوبه الخاص "احظى بنومٍ هانئ" يعدُّ كل من النوم والأحلام أمران أساسيان لمعالجة المعلومات الجديدة وتخزينها أظهرت دراسة لجامعة هارفارد أن الطلبة الذين حظوا بليلة نوم هانئة تذكروا مواد دراستهم أفضل بنسبة 35٪ من أولئك الذين ذاكروا في الصباح ليختبروا في المساء "ركّز!" إذا كنت تميل إلى المماطلة أي أنك تميل لتأجيل القيام بشيء صعب كمذاكرة الرياضيات لتقوم بشيء سهل كتصفح الإنترنت فتجنب المشتتات إحدى الطرق لتجنبها هي أن تُغلق هاتفك المحمول أو أن تذهب إلى مكان هادئ مثل المكتبة "تقنية بومودورو" iw: תוך כדי האזנה המורה להיסטוריה, טום משרבט תמונות וג'יין מסיים 1 קילו אגוזים. חלק נהנה צפייה בסרטונים על קריאת ספרים, אחרים ללמוד עם חברים וחלקים כמו לשבת בשקט בין מיליון ספרים. כל אדם הוא שונה. "שינה טובה" שינה וחלומות חיוניים עיבוד ואחסון מידע חדש. מחקר של אוניברסיטת הרווארד הראה כי תלמידים שהיה לו לישון טוב בלילה זכר חומרי הלימוד שלהם 35% יותר מאשר אלו שלמדו בבוקר לעשות בדיקה בערב. "מוֹקֵד!" אם אתם נוטים להתמהמה, כלומר אתם נוטים לעבור מלעשות משהו קשה כמו מתמטיקה לומדת למשהו קל כמו גלישה באינטרנט, להגן על עצמך מפני הסחת דעת. אחת הדרכים לעשות זאת היא לסגור את הטלפון הנייד שלך או ללכת למקום די כמו ספרייה. "טכניקת פומודורו" Serbian: Dok slušate nastavnika istorije, Tom crta slike, a Jane unosi 1 kilogram orašastih plodova. Neki uživaju u gledanju video zapisa tokom čitanja knjiga, drugi uče sa prijateljima, a neki vole sedeti u tišini među milionom knjiga Svi su drugačiji. "Dobro se naspavajte" Spavanje i snovi su od vitalnog značaja za obradu i čuvanje novih informacija. Studija sa Harvarda je pokazala da su studenti koji su dobro spavali da su se bolje prisećali gradiva za učenje 35% bolji od onih koji su učili ujutro da bi testirali uveče. " Fokusirajte se" Ako ste skloni odugovlačenju, što znači da ste skloni prelaziti iz nečega napornog poput učenja matematike na nešto lako poput pregledavanja Veba, zaštite sebe od ometanja. Jedan od načina za to je isključivanje mobilnog telefona ili otići u neko tiho mesto poput biblioteke. "Pomodoro Tehnika" Serbian: Postavite tajmer na 25 minuta kada ćete se u potpunosti usredsrediti na studije. Kada tajmer zazvoni, napravite pauzu od 5 minuta. Ako želite da nastavite, ponovo podesite tajmer. Male pauze između njih su opuštajuće i motivirajuće da nastavite dalje. "Prvo treba da učite gradivo koje je teže" Prvo uradite teške stvari. Jer ako ste poput većine ljudi, imate najjaču snagu volje ujutro. Jednom kada završite sa teškim stvarima bolje ćete se osećati tokom ostatak dana i da će te verovatno biti više motivisani da uradite druge stvari. "Vežbajte, meditirajte i razgovarajte" Postoje nekoliko aktivnosti za koje se pokazalo da razvijaju mozak Fizička aktivnost, redovna meditacija a dobri razgovori očito rade upravo to Oni dovode do stvaranja novih neurona unutar mozga. i stoga, ćete povećati svoj kapacitet. " Obilazite različita mesta!" Modern Greek (1453-): Ορίστε ένα χρονόμετρο στα 25 λεπτά όταν εστιάζετε αποκλειστικά στις σπουδές σας. Όταν χτυπάει ο χρονοδιακόπτης, χαλαρώστε για 5 λεπτά. Αν θέλετε να συνεχίσετε να ρυθμίζετε ξανά το χρονοδιακόπτη. Τα μικρά διαλείμματα μεταξύ τους είναι χαλαρά και κίνητρα για να συνεχίσουμε. "Hard Stuff First" Κάνετε πρώτα τα πράγματα που είναι δύσκολα. Γιατί αν είστε σαν τους περισσότερους ανθρώπους, έχετε την ισχυρότερη δύναμη θέλησης το πρωί. Μόλις τελειώσετε με τα σκληρά πράγματα θα αισθανθείτε καλύτερα για το υπόλοιπο της ημέρας και πιθανώς πιο κίνητρα για να κάνουμε άλλα πράγματα. "Άσκηση, Διαλογισμός και Converse" Υπάρχουν λίγες δραστηριότητες που έχουν αποδειχθεί ότι μεγαλώνουν τον εγκέφαλό σας ωστόσο σωματική άσκηση, κανονικό διαλογισμό και οι καλές συζητήσεις προφανώς κάνουν ακριβώς αυτό. Οδηγούν στη δημιουργία νέων νευρώνων μέσα στον εγκέφαλό σας και ως εκ τούτου να αυξήσει τις δυνατότητές της. "Πηγαίνετε μέρη!" Italian: imposta un timer su 25 minuti quando ti concentri interamente sui tuoi studi. quando suona il timer, rilassati per 5 minuti se vuoi continuare reimposta di nuovo il timer le piccole pause di mezzo sono rilassanti e motivanti per andare avanti. "prima le cose più difficili" fai prima le cose che sono più difficili. Perché se tu sei come la maggioranza delle persone avete una forza di volontà più accentuata la mattina. Una volta che hai finito le cose più difficili ti sentirai meglio per il resto del giorno e probabilmente sarai più motivato a fare le altre cose. "esercitare, meditare e dialogare" Ci sono poche attività che dimostrano la crescita del tuo cervello tuttavia l'esercizio fisico, la regolare meditazione e buone conversazioni a quanto pare riescono a fare proprio questo inducono alla creazione di nuovi neuroni nel tuo cervello e di conseguenza ne aumentano il potenziale. "andare nei posti" Spanish: Establecer un temporizador de 25 minutos cuando uno se concentra totalmente en sus estudios. Cuando suene la alarma, relajarse durante 5 minutos. Si desea continuar acaba de establecer el temporizador de nuevo. Las pequeñas interrupciones en el medio son relajantes y motivador para seguir adelante. "Cosas difíciles primero" Hacer las cosas que son difíciles primero. Porque si usted es como la mayoría de la gente, usted tiene la fuerza de voluntad más fuerte de la mañana. Una vez que haya terminado con la materia dura usted se sentirá mejor durante el resto del día y probablemente más motivados para hacer otras cosas. "El ejercicio, meditar y Conversar" Hay pocas actividades probadas para hacer crecer su cerebro Sin embargo el ejercicio físico, meditación regular y las buenas conversaciones aparentemente hacen exactamente eso. Conducen a la creación de nuevas neuronas dentro del cerebro y por lo tanto aumentar su potencial. "¡Ir a lugares!" Dutch: Stel een timer tot 25 minuten wanneer je volledig richten op je studie. Wanneer de timer ringen, ontspannen gedurende 5 minuten. Als u wilt doorgaan gewoon opnieuw instellen van de timer. De kleine pauzes tussen zijn ontspannen en te motiveren om door te gaan. “Hard Stuff First” Doe de dingen die moeilijke eerste zijn. Want als je net als de meeste mensen, heb je de sterkste wilskracht in de ochtend. Zodra u klaar bent met de harde spullen je zal beter zijn voor de rest van de dag te voelen en waarschijnlijk meer gemotiveerd te krijgen andere dingen gedaan. “Exercise, Mediteer en Converse” Er zijn weinig activiteiten bewezen dat je hersenen groeien echter lichaamsbeweging, regelmatige meditatie en goede gesprekken blijkbaar precies dat te doen. Ze leiden tot de creatie van nieuwe neuronen in je hersenen en daarom zijn potentieel te laten groeien. “Go Places!” Vietnamese: Đặt đồng hồ 25 phút khi bạn tập trung hoàn toàn vào việc học. Khi đồng hồ reo, thư giãn khoảng 5 phút. Nếu bạn muốn tiếp tục, chỉ cần đặt lại đồng hồ. Những giờ giải lao ngắn ngủi ở giữa giúp bạn thư giãn và thúc đẩy bạn tiếp tục. "Ưu tiên cái khó" Làm những việc mà bạn thấy khó khăn trước. Bởi vì nếu bạn giống hầu hết mọi người, bạn có ý chí mạnh mẽ nhất vào buổi sáng. Một khi bạn hoàn thành những việc vất vả bạn sẽ cảm thấy tốt hơn trong phần còn lại của ngày và có thể có động lực hơn để hoàn thành những việc khác. "Tập thể dục, Thiền và Trò chuyện" Có rất ít hoạt động được chứng minh sẽ phát triển não bộ của bạn tuy nhiên tập thể dục, thiền thường xuyên và những cuộc trò chuyện tích cực rõ ràng làm điều đó rất tốt. Chúng dẫn đến việc tạo ra các tế bào thần kinh mới trong não của bạn và do đó tăng trưởng tiềm năng của não. "Môi trường" Hungarian: Állíts be egy időzítőt 25 percre, ameddig teljes mértékben a tanulásra összpontosítasz. Ha lejárt, pihenj 5 percig. Ha végeztél, és folytatod a tanulást, csak állítsd be újra az időzítőt. Ezek a pici szünetek segítenek relaxálni és motiválnak a folytatásban. "A nehezebbet előre" Kezdj azokkal a dolgokkal, melyek nehezebbnek bizonyulnak számodra. Mert a legtöbb emberhez hasonlóan, valószínüleg neked is reggel még több az akaraterőd. Ha túl vagy a nehezén jobban fogod magad érezni a nap fennálló részében, és valószínüleg motiváltabb leszel a többi feladat elvégzésében. "Testmozgás, meditálás és társalgás" Bizonyítottan néhány tevékenység fejleszti az agyat, mint például a testmozgás, a rendszeres meditáció és a társalgás pontosan ebben segít. Új neuronok létrehozásához vezet az agyban, és ezzel együtt fejleszti a "tanulási potenciált" "Sétálj & tanulj" Portuguese: Defina um temporizador para 25 minutos quando você se concentrar inteiramente em seus estudos. Quando o temporizador tocar, relaxe por 5 minutos. Se você quiser continuar, basta definir o temporizador novamente. As pequenas pausas no meio são relaxantes e de motivação para continuar. "Coisas difíceis primeiro" Faça as coisas que são difíceis primeiro. Porque se você é como a maioria das pessoas, você tem a força de vontade mais forte na parte da manhã. Uma vez que você terminou as coisas difíceis você vai se sentir melhor o resto do dia e provavelmente mais motivados para fazer outras coisas. Exercitar, Meditar e Conversar Existem poucas atividades comprovadas para desenvolver o seu cérebro no entanto o exercício físico, a meditação regular e boas conversas aparentemente fazem exatamente isso. Eles levar à criação de novos neurônios em seu cérebro e, portanto, desenvolvem o seu potencial. "Ir a lugares!" Korean: 학습에 전적으로 집중할 경우 타이머를 25 분으로 설정하십시오. 타이머가 울리면 5 분 동안 휴식을 취하십시오. 계속하려면 타이머를 다시 설정하십시오. 그 사이의 작은 휴식은 계속 편안하고 동기를 부여합니다. "어려운 일 먼저" 먼저 어려운 일을하십시오. 왜냐하면 만약 당신이 대부분의 사람들과 같다면, 당신은 아침에 가장 강한 의지력을 가지고 있습니다. 일단 당신이 어려운 물건으로 끝내면 하루의 나머지 시간 동안 너는 더 기분이 나아질거야. 아마도 다른 일을 성취하기 위해 더 많은 동기가 부여됩니다. "운동, 명상 및 회화" 당신의 두뇌를 성장시키는 것으로 입증 된 활동은 거의 없습니다. 그러나 신체 운동, 정기 명상 좋은 대화가 분명히 그 일을 분명히합니다. 그들은 당신의 두뇌 안에 새로운 뉴런을 만들어냅니다 따라서 잠재력이 커집니다. "Go Places!" English: Set a timer to 25 minutes when you focus entirely on your studies. When the timer rings, relax for 5 minutes. If you want to continue just set the timer again. The small breaks in between are relaxing and motivating to keep going. “Hard Stuff First” Do the things that are difficult first. Because if you are like most people, you have the strongest willpower in the morning. Once you are done with the hard stuff you will feel better for the rest of the day and probably more motivated to get other things done. “Exercise, Meditate and Converse” There are few activities proven to grow your brain however physical exercise, regular meditation and good conversations apparently do exactly that. They lead to the creation of new neurons inside your brain and therefore grow its potential. “Go Places!” Czech: Nastavte časovač na 25 minut, kdy se soustředíte výhradně na své studium. Když začne časovač zvonit, odpočiňte si po dobu 5 minut. Chcete-li pokračovat, jen znovu nastavte časovač. Malé přestávky mezi nimi jsou relaxační a motivují vás k pokračování. "To těžší na prvním místě" Nejdříve dělejte obtížné věci. Protože pokud jste jako většina lidí, máte ráno nejsilnější vůli. Jakmile budete hotovi s těžšími věcmi po zbytek dne se budete cítit lépe a pravděpodobně více motivováni, abyste udělali i jiné věci. "Cvičte, meditujte a mluvte" Existuje několik aktivit, u kterých bylo prokázáno, že zvětšují mozek, nicméně tělesné cvičení, pravidelná meditace a kvalitní konverzace zřejmě dělají přesně to. Vedou k vytvoření nových neuronů uvnitř vašeho mozku a tedy i k růstu jeho potenciálu. "Jděte ven!" Mongolian: 25 минутын дараа сэрүүлэг тавичих цаг болонгуут 5 минут амраад ав хэрэв та үргэлжлүүлмээр байвал дахиад сэрүүлгээ тавиарай дундах жижиг амралтууд нь тайвшруулах улам ихийг хийх урам зориг өгөх хугацаа юм "Хэцүүг нь эхлээд" Хамгийн хэцүү гэсэн зүйлсүүдээ эхлээд хий Учир нь та яг л бусад хүмүүс шиг өглөөдөө хамгийн их эрч хүчтэй байдаг тэгээд хэцүү ажлыг өглөө хийгээд дуусгачихбал та үлдсэн өдөржингөө сэтгэл амгалан мөн бусад зүйлсийг ч хийхэд бэлэн болсон байх болно. "Хичээллэ, төвлөр мөн ярилц" Таны тархины үйл ажиллагааг сайжруулах хэдэн арга байдаг дасгал, бясалгал, сайхан харилцан яриа яг адилхан зүйлсийг хийдэг ч тэд таны тархинд шинэ мэдрэлийн эс үүсгэж эхэлдэг магадгүй тэр нь улам тархаж ч магадгүй "Аял!" Chinese: 定时25分钟时间 在此期间完完全全专心于你的学习 当闹钟响起 放松5分钟 如果你想继续 再定时开始 在学习之间的小小暂停是放松休息 并促使你继续下去 先做困难事项 先做困难的事情 因为你就根普罗大众一样 在早上有着最强的意志力 一旦你完成了困难的事物 你接下来一整天都感觉更好 说不定得到更多动力激发你完成其他事项 运动 冥想 以及交谈 有一些活动被证实能让你的大脑增长 然而 体育锻炼 定期冥想 以及好的交谈 正是让你的大脑增长的活动 它们引起你的大脑中新神经元的产生 从而增长其潜力 到不同地方去 Japanese: 勉強に完全に集中するときに タイマーを２５分にセットします。 タイマーがなったら、５分休憩します。 もしまだ続けたければ、 またタイマーをセットするだけです。 この隙間の小さな休憩は リラックスとモチベーションの維持に繋がります。 ”辛いことから最初に” 難しいことを最初にやってください。 なぜなら、もしあなたが大勢の人々のようなら 午前中に一番強い意志をもっているからです。 辛いことが終われば、 残りの時間を気分良く過ごせ、 おそらく他のことにもよりモチベーション高く取り組めるでしょう。 "運動、瞑想、そして会話” 脳を活性化させる運動は ほとんどが証明されていません、 しかし身体的な運動、 定期的な瞑想、 そして良い会話は明らかに脳を活性化させます。 それらは脳の中に新しい神経細胞を作り出し、 結果として潜在能力を引き出します。 ”どこかに行って！” French: Réglez une minuterie à 25 minutes lorsque vous vous concentrez entièrement sur vos études. quand la minuterie sonne, relaxez vous pendant 5 minutes. si vous voulez continuer, juste remettez encore la minuterie (alarme) Les petites pauses entre les deux sont relaxantes et motivantes pour continuer. hard stuff premiere faites les choses qui sont difficiles en premier parce que, si tu es comme la plupart des personnes tu as une meilleure puissance le matin une fois que vous avez terminé avec des les choses difficiles tu vas te sentir mieux pour le reste de la journée Et probablement plus motivés pour obtenir d'autres choses. exercice, méditer, et converser Il ya peu d'activités prouvées pour faire croître votre cerveau Cependant exercice physique, une regulière méditation et des bonnes conversations , font apparemment exactement ça Ils conduisent à la création de nouveaux neurones dans votre cerveau et donc accroitre son potentiel Changer d'endroit Indonesian: Aturlah stopwatch sekitar 25 menit untuk kamu fokus sepenuhnya selama kamu belajar Ketika waktu habis, instirahatlah selama 5 menit Jika kamu ingin melanjutkannya, aturlah kembali Stopwatch mu Istirahat yang kecil di antara keduanya dapat membuat kamu lebih relax dan termotivasi untuk lanjut belajar. "Hal hal yang sulit dulu" Lakukan lah sesuatu yang sulit untuk permulaannya. Karena jika kamu seperti kebanyakan orang, kamu mempunyai tekad yang kuat di pagi hari Ketika kamu sudah selesai dengan hal-hal yang sulit kamu akan merasa lebih baik selama seharian penuh dan mungkin akan lebih termotivasi unntuk menyiapkan hal-hal yang lain "Latihan, Meditasi dan Berbicara" Ada beberapa aktivitas yang meninjukkan mampu untuk meningkatkan kemampuan otakmu Seperti latihan fisik, Meditasi biasa Dan sedikit percakapan yang baik tampaknya sangat bagus utuk meningkatkan kemampuan otak. Hal-hal tersebut mampu menciptakan neuron-neuron baru didalam otak mu dan mampu mengembangkan potensi otak mu “Pergi Places!” Bulgarian: Сложете си таймер от 25 минути, в които изцяло да се фокусирате върху учебния материал. Когато времето изтече, релаксирайте 5 минути. Ако искате да продължите просто стартирайте таймера отново. Почивките междувременно са за релаксиране и мотивация за продължаване. “Трудните неща първо” Правете нещата, които са ви трудни първо. Защото ако сте като повечето хора, имате най-силната воля сутринта. Когато приключиш с трудната работа, ще се чувствате по-добре в останалата част на деня и може би ще бъдете по-мотивиран да направите други неща. “Тренирайте, медитирайте и общувайте” Има малко упражнения, за които е доказано, че развиват мозъка – каквито и да е физически упражнения, редовната медитация, хубавите разговори правят точно това. Те водят до произвеждането на нови неврони и следователно увеличаване на потенциала му. “Сменяйте местата!” iw: הגדרת טיימר ל -25 דקות בעת להתמקד אך ורק על הלימודים שלך. עם הישמע טיימר, להירגע במשך 5 דקות. אם ברצונך להמשיך רק לכוון את השעון שוב. ההפסקות הקטנות בין מרגיע והנעה להמשיך. "ראשית דברים קשים" האם הדברים שקשים ראשונים. כי אם אתם כמו רוב האנשים, יש לך את כוח הרצון החזק בבוקר. ברגע שאתה עשית עם הדברים הקשים אתה תרגיש טוב יותר למשך שארית היום וכנראה יותר מוטיבציה לעשות דברים אחרים. "תרגיל, מדיטציה קונברס" ישנן כמה פעילויות מוכחות לגדול המוח שלך אולם פעילות גופנית, מדיטציה קבועה ושיחות טובות כנראה לעשות בדיוק את זה. הם להוביל ליצירת תאי עצב חדשים בתוך המוח שלך ולכן לגדול הפוטנציאל שלה. "ללכת לכל מיני מקומות!" Romanian: Setați un cronometru la 25 de minute când vă concentrați complet asupra studiilor. Când cronometrul sună, relaxați-vă timp de 5 minute. Dacă doriți să continuați, setați din nou cronometrul. Micile pauze între ele sunt relaxante și motivante pentru a continua. „Hard Stuper First” Faceți lucrurile care sunt dificile mai întâi. Pentru că dacă sunteți ca majoritatea oamenilor, ai dimineața cea mai puternică putere de voință. Odată ce ai terminat cu lucrurile grele vă veți simți mai bine pentru restul zilei și probabil mai motivați să facă alte lucruri. „Exercițiu, meditați și invers” Există puține activități dovedite pentru a vă crește creierul oricât de exercițiu fizic, meditație regulată și conversațiile bune aparent fac exact asta. Ele duc la crearea de noi neuroni în interiorul creierului tău și, prin urmare, își crește potențialul. „Duceți locuri!” Polish: Ustaw budzik na 25 minut, które przeznaczysz na naukę w całkowitym skupieniu. Kiedy zadzwoni budzik, odpręż się przez 5 minut. Jeśli chcesz kontynuować, ustaw budzik ponownie. Krótkie przerwy w trakcie pracy relaksują i motywują do dalszego działania. "Trudne rzeczy na początek" Najpierw zabierz się za trudne rzeczy - większość z nas rano ma największą siłę woli. Jak już się uporasz z najtrudniejszym, będziesz czuć się lepiej przez resztę dnia i prawdopodobnie będziesz bardziej zmotywowany/a do zrobienia pozostałych rzeczy. "Ćwicz, medytuj, rozmawiaj" Istnieje niewiele aktywności, które rozwijają mózg, ale z pewnością robią to ćwiczenia fizyczne, regularna medytacja i dobra rozmowa. Prowadzą do wytwarzania się w twoim mózgu nowych neuronów i dzięki temu zwiększają jego możliwości. "Ucz się w różnych miejscach" Turkish: Tamamen eğitiminize odaklandığınızda, bir zamanlayıcıyı 25 dakikaya ayarlayın. Zamanlayıcı çaldığında, 5 dakika dinlenin. Devam etmek isterseniz, zamanlayıcıyı yeniden ayarlayın. Aradaki küçük kırılmalar rahatlamaya ve devam etmeye motive ediyor. "İlk önce sert şeyler" Önce zor olan şeyleri yapın. Çünkü çoğu insana benziyorsanız, Sabahları daha güçlü olursunuz. Zor işler bittiğinde Günün geri kalanında daha iyi hissedeceksin Ve muhtemelen fazla şey yapmak için daha fazla motive olursun. "Egzersiz, Meditasyon ve Sohbet" Beyninizi büyütmek için kanıtlanmış pek az etkinlik var Ancak fiziksel egzersiz, Düzenli meditasyon Ve iyi konuşmalar görünüşte tam olarak bunu yapıyor. Beyninizde yeni nöronların oluşumuna neden oluyorlar. Ve bu nedenle potansiyelini arttırır. ''Mekanlara Git'' Russian: Установите таймер на 25 минут, когда вы полностью сосредоточены на учебе. Когда таймер зазвонит, расслабьтесь на 5 минут. Если вы хотите продолжить, просто установите таймер снова. Небольшие перерывы между ними расслабляют и мотивируют продолжать. «Hard Stuff First» Делай то, что сложно сначала. Потому что, если вы похожи на большинство людей, у тебя самая сильная сила воли по утрам. Как только вы закончите с трудными вещами вы будете чувствовать себя лучше на остаток дня и, вероятно, более мотивированы, чтобы сделать другие вещи. «Тренируйтесь, медитируйте и разговаривайте» Есть несколько видов деятельности, доказавших рост вашего мозга Однако физические упражнения, регулярная медитация и хорошие разговоры, очевидно, делают именно это. Они приводят к созданию новых нейронов внутри вашего мозга и, следовательно, расти его потенциал. "Посещать места!" Arabic: اضبط المؤقت لمدة 25 دقيقة قبل انغماسك الكامل في الدراسة عندما يرن المؤقت، استرخ لمدة 5 دقائق إذا رغبت بالاستمرار، فقط اضبط المؤقت مجددًا مدة الاستراحة الصغيرة الفاصلة بين أوقات المذاكرة تدعو للاسترخاء وللتحفيز على الاستمرار "المواد الصعبة أولًا" ابدأ بالمواد الصعبة أولًا لأنه إذا كنت مثل معظم الناس قوة إرادتك أعلى في الصباح فبمجرد أن تنتهي من المواد الصعبة ستشعر بالراحة في بقية اليوم وربما أكثر حماسًا للقيام بأمور أخرى "مارس وتأمل وتحدث" رغم أن هناك بضعة أنشطة مُثبتة لنمو الدماغ إلّا أن ممارسة الرياضة البدنية والتأمل المنتظم والمحادثات الجيدة، يبدو أنها تساعد تحديدًا في نموه إذ تؤدي إلى خلق خلايا عصبية جديدة داخل الدماغ ولذا تزيد من قوته "تجوّل!" Chinese: 設定一個25分的鬧鐘，並在時間內專注的讀書 當鬧鈴響了，放鬆5分鐘 如果你想繼續，那就在設定一次鬧鐘 中間短暫的休息可以放鬆並且能激勵你繼續學習 困難優先 把困難的事情先完成 因為如果你像大部分的人一樣 是在早晨擁有最強的意志力 完成一件困難的事情後 在這天剩下的時間裡 你會感到神清氣爽，而且可能會有更多動力完成其他事情。 運動、冥想和交談 許多活動證實能幫助腦成長 而實際的運動 規律的冥想 好的交流有更顯著的效果。 他們使腦內的神經突觸增加 因此可以增加腦力。 出門 Mongolian: Та нэг зүйлийн талаар илүү их дурсамжтай болох юм олон газраар аялж явснаар таны мэдлэг тэлж хайрцагнаас гарч сэтгэхэд тань туслах юм. Нэгэн туршилтаар 2 бүлэг хүүхдүүдэд ямар ч хамааралгүй цээжлэх үгсүүд өгсөн юм. 1 бүлэг нь хичээлээ хийж байсан ангиа солисон нөгөө бүлэг нь солилгүй үлдэв ингээд 2 бүлэг өөр орчинд хичээлээ эхэлжээ нэг анги нь жижиг, цонхгүй нөгөө анги нь том их гэгээ сайтай анги байлаа томоохон ангид сууж байсан хүүхдүүд 40%-р илүү санаж чадаж байсан гэдэг "Өөртөө хөгжилтэй болго" Юу ч байсан тэр зүйлийг та хөгжилтэй байдалд оруулж сурах хэрэгтэй Эрдэмтэд хэлэхдээ хичээлээ сонирхолтой болгож хийвэл илүү зохистой тийм болхоор өөртөө сонирхолтой хөгжилтэй болгож хийх нь маш чухал "Судалгаандаа завсар гарга" Юмсийг илүү удаан хугацаанд санахын тулд уншсан материалуудаа тодорхой давтамжтай дахин судла жишээлбэл шинэ үгс эсвэл баримтуудыг Korean: 피사체에 대한 더 깊은 기억을 만들 수 있습니다. 더 많은 시각적 단서를 제공하는 더 풍부한 환경에서 학습함으로써 실험에서 두 그룹의 학생들은 무작위로 단어를 기억해야했습니다. 한 그룹은 공부하는 동안 교실을 바 꾸었습니다. 다른 사람은하지 않았다. 두 개의 다른 방에서 공부 한 그룹 (하나는 작고 창없는, 다른 크고 밝은) 나중에 단어를 기억할 확률이 40 % 높았다. "진지하게 즐겁게" 그것이 무엇이든, 연습하는 재미있는 방법을 찾으십시오. 현대의 학습 과학은 긍정적 인 감정이 학습 ​​잠재력을 높이기 위해 매우 중요하다고 생각합니다. 자신에게 호의를 베풀고 즐거운 시간을 보내십시오! "당신의 연구 공간" 더 오랜 시간 동안 사물을 기억하기 위해서, 일정한 간격으로 재료를 반복하십시오. 예를 들어 사실이나 어휘 iw: אתה יכול ליצור זכרונות עמוקים יותר של נושא על ידי לימוד בסביבה עשירה המציעה רמזים חזותיים יותר. בניסוי שתי קבוצות של תלמידים היו לזכור מילות אקראיות. קבוצה אחת השתנתה בכיתה בזמן הלימודים, המנוע השני לא. הקבוצה אותה למד בשני חדרים שונים (אחד היה קטן ללא חלון, גדול אחר ובהיר) 40% היה סיכוי גדול יותר להיזכר במילים מאוחר יותר. "קח כיף ברצינות" מה שזה לא יהיה, למצוא דרך מהנה להתאמן. מדע למידה מודרני סבור כי רגשות חיוביים חשובים מאוד עבור הגדלת פוטנציאל הלמידה שלך. אז תעשו לעצמכם טובה ויש לי זמן טוב! "לחקר החלל שלך" כדי לזכור דברים במשך זמן רב, לחזור על החומר במרווחים במרווחים. עובדות או אוצר מילים למשל Polish: Głębiej utrwalisz w pamięci dany przedmiot, jeśli będziesz się go uczyć w środowisku bogatym w „tropy wizualne”. Dwie grupy studentów biorące udział w eksperymencie, miały za zadanie zapamiętać przypadkowe słowa. Jedna grupa w trakcie nauki zmieniła salę, druga nie. Ci studenci, którzy uczyli się w dwóch klasach, jednej małej i bez okien, w drugiej dużej i jasnej, byli w stanie przywołać te słowa o 40% lepiej. "Poważnie traktuj zabawę" Ucząc się, korzystaj z różnych form zabawy. Współczesne badania nad sposobami uczenia się dowodzą, że pozytywne emocje są bardzo istotne przy zwiększaniu możliwości naukowych. Wyświadcz więc sobie przysługę i… baw się dobrze. "Rób odstępy" By na dłużej zapamiętać materiał, powtarzaj go w odstępach czasowych. Na przykład fakty i słowa Czech: Můžete vytvořit hlubší vzpomínky na téma učením se v bohatším prostředí, které nabízí více vizuálních vodítek. V jednom experimentu si měly dvě skupiny studentů zapamatovat náhodná slova. První skupina při studiu změnila učebnu, druhá ne. Skupina, která se učila ve dvou různých místnostech (jedna byla malá a bez oken, druhá velká a jasná) měla o 40% vyšší pravděpodobnost si slova později vybavit. "Berte zábavu vážně" Ať jde o cokoliv, najděte zábavný způsob, jak se v tom procvičit. Moderní věda učení se domnívá, že pozitivní emoce jsou pro zvýšení vzdělanostního potenciálu velmi důležité. Tak udělej si laskavost a bavte se! "Rozložte si své učení" Abyste si zapamatovali věci po delší dobu, opakujte si látku v odstupech. Fakta nebo slovíčka se například French: Vous pouvez créer des souvenirs plus profonds d'un sujet En apprenant dans un environnement plus riche qui offre des indices plus visuels. dans une expérience Deux groupes d'élèves devaient se souvenir de mots aléatoires. Un groupe a changé la classe tout en étudiant, l'autre ne l'a pas fait le groupe qui a étudie dans deux differentes salles (L'un était petit et sans fenêtre, l'autre grand et lumineux) Était 40% plus susceptible de rappeler les mots plus tard. Amusez-vous sérieusement " Quoi qu'il en soit, trouvez une façon amusante de pratiquer. La science de l'apprentissage moderne croit que les émotions positives sont très importantes pour augmenter votre potentiel d'apprentissage. donc faites de vous une faveur et prenez du bon temps(profitez!) espacez vos études Afin de se rappeler des choses pour un plus long temps, Répéter le matériel dans des intervalles espacés. faits ou vocabulaire par exemple Russian: Вы можете создать более глубокие воспоминания о предмете обучаясь в более богатой среде, которая предлагает больше визуальных подсказок. В эксперименте две группы студентов должны были запомнить случайные слова. Одна группа сменила класс во время учебы, другой нет. Группа, которая училась в двух разных комнатах (один был маленький и без окон, другой большой и яркий) было на 40% больше шансов вспомнить слова позже. «Веселись серьезно» Что бы это ни было, найдите интересный способ потренироваться. Современная наука об обучении считает, что положительные эмоции очень важны для повышения вашего учебного потенциала. Так что сделайте себе одолжение и хорошо провести время! «Пространство твоих исследований» Для того, чтобы запомнить вещи на долгое время, повторить материал через определенные промежутки времени. Факты или словари, например English: You can create deeper memories of a subject by learning in a richer environment that offers more visual clues. In an experiment two groups of students had to remember random words. One group changed the classroom while studying, the other didn’t. The group that studied in two different rooms (one was small and windowless, the other big and bright) was 40% more likely to recall the words later. “Take Fun Seriously” Whatever it is, find a fun way to practice. Modern learning science believes that positive emotions are very important for increasing your learning potential. So do yourself a favour and have a good time! “Space Your Studies” In order to remember things for a longer time, repeat the material in spaced intervals. Facts or vocabularies for example Indonesian: Anda dapat menciptakan kenangan yang lebih dalam subjek dengan belajar dalam lingkungan yang lebih kaya yang menawarkan petunjuk lebih visual. Dalam sebuah eksperimen dua kelompok mahasiswa harus mengingat kata-kata acak. Satu kelompok berubah kelas sambil belajar, yang lain tidak. Kelompok yang belajar di dua kamar yang berbeda (Satu kecil dan jendela, besar lainnya dan terang) adalah 40% lebih mungkin untuk mengingat kata-kata kemudian. “Ambil Fun Serius” Apapun itu, menemukan cara yang menyenangkan untuk berlatih. ilmu pengetahuan modern percaya bahwa emosi positif sangat penting untuk meningkatkan potensi belajar Anda. Jadi jangan kebaikan dan memiliki waktu yang baik! “Ruang Studi Anda” Dalam rangka untuk mengingat hal-hal untuk waktu yang lama, mengulangi materi dalam interval jarak. Fakta atau kosa kata misalnya Vietnamese: Bạn có thể tạo ra những ký ức sâu hơn về một môn học bằng cách học tập trong một môi trường phong phú hơn, nơi cung cấp những manh mối trực quan hơn. Trong một thí nghiệm 2 nhóm học sinh phải nhớ những từ ngẫu nhiên. Một nhóm thay đổi lớp học khi đang học, nhóm còn lại thì không. Nhóm học trong 2 phòng khác nhau (một phòng nhỏ và không có cửa sổ, phòng còn lại lớn và sáng sủa) thì 40% có khả năng nhớ những từ lúc sau nhiều hơn. "Niềm vui nghiêm túc" Cho dù là gì, hãy tìm một cách vui nhộn để học. Khoa học hiện đại tin rằng những cảm xúc tích cực rất quan trọng để tăng khả năng học tập của bạn. Vì vậy cứ học như một sở thích và có 1 khoảng thời gian vui vẻ! "Vũ trụ học tập của bạn" (không biết dùng từ gì cho đúng ^^) Để nhớ bài học lâu hơn, lặp lại bài học trong những khoảng thời gian cách nhau. Ví dụ: Các sự kiện hay từ vựng Italian: puoi creare ricordi più profondi di un determinato soggetto imparando in un ambiente più ricco che offre ulteriori indizi visivi. in un eperimento due gruppi di studenti dovevano ricordare parole a caso. un gruppo ha cambiato l'aula durante lo studio, l'altro gruppo no. Per il gruppo che aveva studiato in due diverse stanze (una piccole e senza finestre, l'altra grande e luminosa) aumentò del 40% la probabilità di ricordare le parole più tardi. "prendere sul serio il divertimento" Non importa cosa sia, trova un modo divertente per praticarlo. la moderna scienza dell'apprendimento ritiene che le emozioni positive sono molto importanti per aumentare il nostro potenziale di apprendimento. quindi fate un favore a voi stessi, godetevela! "distribuisci i tuoi studi" affinché tu possa ricordare le cose per un lungo temp, ripeti il materiale a intervalli scadenziati. i fatti e vocaboli per esempio Hungarian: Az emlékek hosszútávú tárolásához ajánlott ha olyan környezetben tanulsz, mely több vizuális támpontot nyújt. Egy kísérletben, két diákcsoportnak kellett véletlenszerűen szavakat megtanulniuk. Az egyik csapat tanulás közben egyik tanteremből a másikba vándorolt, míg a másik helyben maradt. A csapat, amelyik két különböző teremben készült fel (az egyik pici, ablaktalan; a másik nagy és világos) 40%-al több szóra volt képes emlékezni a későbbiekben. "Vedd komolyan a szórakozást" Bárhogyan is, de talált meg a számodra legjobban szórakoztató módot a gyakorlásra. Modern tanulmányok rávilágítottak, hogy a pozitív érzelmek fontosak és segítenek a tanulásban. Tehát tégy magadnak egy szívességet és érezd jól magad! "Rendszeres ismétlés" Hogy jobban memóriánkba véssük a tanulni valókat ismételd át rendszeres időszakonként. Tények vagy szavak megtanulására például, Serbian: Možete da kreirate dublja sećanja na temu učenjem u bogatijem okruženju, koje nudi više vizuelnih tragova. U eksperimentu Dve grupe učenika morale su da pamte nasumične reči. Jedna grupa je promenila učionicu tokom učenja, druga nije. Grupa koja je studirala u dve različite sobe (jedna je bila mala i bez prozora, a druga velika i svetla) bilo je 40% verovatnije da ih se sete kasnije. "Zabavite se ozbiljno" Šta god da je, pronađite zabavan način za vežbanje. Savremena nauka o učenju veruje da su pozitivne emocije veoma važne za povećanje vašeg potencijala za učenje. Dakle, učinite sebi uslugu i lepo se provedite! "Prostor za učenje" Da biste duže pamtili stvari, ponovite gradivo u intervalima. Na primer, činjenice ili rečenice Bulgarian: Можете да запомняте по-добре, като учите в по-разнообразна среда, която предлага повече визуално разнообразие. Като експеримент две групи от студенти трябвало да запомнят случайни думи. Едната група, учейки, е сменила класната стая с друго място,. а другата не е. Групата, която е учила в две различни стаи (едната малка и с малко прозорци, а другата голяма и светла) e била 40% по-предразположена да повтори думите. “Забавлявайте се сериозно” Каквото и да е, намерете забавен начин да го направите. Съвременната наука за ученето вярва, че позитивните емоции са много важни за увеличаването на потенциала ви за учене. Така че направете си услуга и се забавлявайте! “Преговаряйте регулярно” За да запомняте нещата за по-дълго време, повтаряйте материала периодично. Факти или нови думи например Japanese: 深い記憶は、 もっと視覚的な手がかりを提供するより 豊かな環境で学ぶことによって作られます 実験で、 ２つのグループの学生にランダムな単語を覚えさせました。 １つのグループは、勉強中に教室を変え もう１つは変えませんでした。 ２つの異なる教室で勉強したグループは、 (１つの部屋は小さく窓はない部屋、 もう１つは大きく明るい部屋) 後で単語を思い出す確率が 別のグループより４０％高かったのです。 "真剣に楽しんで” なんでも良いから、 楽しい勉強法を見つけてください。 現代の学習科学では、ポジティブな感情は学習能力を 高めるために非常に重要であるとされています。 なので、あなた自身の好きなことで 楽しい時間を過ごしてください。 ”あなたの勉強場所” 長期記憶のために、 一定期間を置いて、勉強を繰り返します。 例えば、事実や語彙 Arabic: يمكنك إنشاء ذاكرة أعمق لأي مادة بالتعلم في بيئة أكثر ثراءً تمنحك أفكارًا بصريةً أكثر في تجربة ما كان على مجموعتين من الطلبة تذكّر كلمات عشوائية مجموعة واحدة منها غيرت الفصل الدراسي أثناء المذاكرة والأخرى لم تفعل ذلك المجموعة التي درست في غرفتين مختلفتين غرفة صغيرة وبلا نوافذ، والأخرى كبيرة تدخلها أشعة الشمس كانت أكثر قدرة بنسبة 40% لاسترجاع الكلمات في وقت لاحق "خذ المتعة على محمل الجد" أيًّا كانت الطريقة، جد وسيلة ممتعة للممارسة يعتقد علم التعلم الحديث أن المشاعر الإيجابية مهمة جدًا لزيادة إمكانياتك في التعليم لذا هب نفسك فرصةً لقضاء وقتًا طيبًا! "باعد بين أوقات مذاكرتك" من أجل أن تتذكر الأشياء لمدةٍ أطول كرِّر مراجعة المادة في أوقات متباعدة على سبيل المثال، الحقائق أو المفردات Chinese: 你能创建对事物更深刻的记忆 通过在更丰富的环境中学习 而这样给予你更多的视觉线索进行记忆 在一项实验中 两组学生需记忆随机单词 一组在学习时变换了教室 另一组没有 那组在两个不同房间中学习的人 （一个房间小而无窗 另一房间大而明亮） 这一组高出40%的几率回忆起单词 认真看待乐趣 不管是什么 找到有趣的方式去练习 现代学习科学 相信积极情绪对于增加学习潜力非常重要 所以为了自己开开心心的玩吧 间隔再学习 为了让事物记得更久一些 间隔重复记忆材料 拿材料或单词记忆来举例 Portuguese: Você pode criar memórias mais profundas de um assunto aprendendo em um ambiente mais rico que oferece pistas mais visuais. Em um experimento Dois grupos de estudantes tiveram de se lembrar de palavras aleatórias. Um grupo mudou de sala de aula enquanto estudava, o outro não. O grupo que estudou em duas salas diferentes (Uma era pequeno e sem janelas, a outra grande e brilhante) era 40% mais propenso a lembrar as palavras mais tarde. "Leve a Diversão a Sério" Seja o que for, encontre uma maneira divertida de praticar. A ciência moderna da aprendizagem acredita que as emoções positivas são muito importantes para aumentar seu potencial de aprendizagem. Então faça um favor a si mesmo e divirta-se! "Espaçe seus estudos" A fim de lembrar das coisas por um longo tempo, repita o material em intervalos espaçados. Fatos ou vocabulários por exemplo Dutch: U kunt dieper herinneringen aan een onderwerp te creëren door te leren in een rijke omgeving die meer visuele aanwijzingen biedt. In een experiment twee groepen studenten moesten willekeurige woorden te onthouden. De ene groep veranderde de klas tijdens de studie, de andere niet. De groep die onderzocht in twee verschillende kamers (Één was klein en zonder ramen, de andere grote en lichte) was 40% meer kans om de woorden later herinneren. “Neem Fun Seriously” Wat het ook is, het vinden van een leuke manier om te oefenen. Moderne leren wetenschap gelooft dat positieve emoties zijn erg belangrijk voor het verhogen van uw leerpotentieel. Dus doe jezelf een plezier en hebben een goede tijd! “Space Uw Studies” Om dingen te onthouden voor een langere tijd, herhalen materiaal intervallen. Feiten of woordenlijsten b.v. Chinese: 你可以在多元的學習環境下 創造更深層的記憶。 在一個實驗中 兩群學生必須記下一些隨機單字。 其中一組學生在學習過程中會轉換環境 另一組不用 那組在兩個不同環境中學習的學生 (一間小而且沒有窗戶的房間，和一間大且明亮的房間) 比單一環境的學生能夠回憶起多出40%的單字。 認真的玩 無論何事，找到一個有趣的方式練習。 當代科學確信正向情緒能增加學習能力。 所以讓自己好好享樂吧！ 間隔學習 為了讓記憶能更長久的保存 在間隔一段時間後再重複學習 以事件和單字為例 Spanish: Puede crear recuerdos más profundos de un sujeto por el aprendizaje en un entorno más rico que ofrece más pistas visuales. En un experimento dos grupos de estudiantes tenían que recordar palabras al azar. Un grupo cambió el aula mientras se estudia, el otro no. El grupo que se estudió en dos habitaciones diferentes (Uno era pequeña y sin ventanas, el otro grande y brillante) era un 40% más propensos a recordar las palabras más tarde. "Tomar la diversión en serio" Sea lo que sea, encontrar una manera divertida de practicar. la ciencia moderna del aprendizaje cree que las emociones positivas son muy importantes para el aumento de su potencial de aprendizaje. Así que hágase un favor y pasar un buen rato! "Space Sus estudios" Con el fin de recordar las cosas por un tiempo más largo, repetir el material en intervalos espaciados. Hechos o vocabularios, por ejemplo, Modern Greek (1453-): Μπορείτε να δημιουργήσετε βαθύτερες αναμνήσεις ενός θέματος με τη μάθηση σε ένα πλουσιότερο περιβάλλον που προσφέρει περισσότερες οπτικές ενδείξεις. Σε ένα πείραμα δύο ομάδες μαθητών έπρεπε να θυμούνται τυχαίες λέξεις. Μια ομάδα άλλαξε την τάξη ενώ μελετούσε, ο άλλος δεν το έκανε. Η ομάδα που σπούδασε σε δύο διαφορετικές αίθουσες (το ένα ήταν μικρό και χωρίς παράθυρα, το άλλο μεγάλο και φωτεινό) ήταν 40% πιθανότερο να ανακαλέσει τις λέξεις αργότερα. "Πάρτε Seriously Fun" Ό, τι κι αν είναι, βρείτε ένα διασκεδαστικό τρόπο πρακτικής. Η σύγχρονη επιστήμη της μάθησης πιστεύει ότι τα θετικά συναισθήματα είναι πολύ σημαντικά για την αύξηση του εκπαιδευτικού σας δυναμικού. Έτσι κάνετε τον εαυτό σας μια χάρη και έχετε έναν καλό χρόνο! "Διαστήστε τις Σπουδές σας" Για να θυμόμαστε τα πράγματα για μεγαλύτερο χρονικό διάστημα, επαναλάβετε το υλικό σε χρονικά διαστήματα. Πρακτικά ή λεξιλόγια για παράδειγμα Turkish: Daha görsel ipuçları sunan daha zengin bir ortamda öğrenerek bir konunun daha derin anılarını yaratabilirsiniz. Daha görsel ipuçları sunan daha zengin bir ortamda öğrenerek bir konunun daha derin anılarını yaratabilirsiniz. Bir deneyde İki grup öğrenci rastgele sözcükleri hatırlamak zorundaydı. Bir grup ders çalışırken sınıfı seçti, Diğerleri yapmadı. İki farklı odada eğitim gören grup (Biri küçük, penceresiz, diğer büyük ve parlak) Sözcükleri daha sonra geri çağırma ihtimali % 40 daha yüksekti. "Gerçekten Eğlen" Ne olursa olsun, eğlenmenin pratik bir yolunu bul. Modern öğrenme bilimi, öğrenme potansiyelinizi artırmak için olumlu duyguların çok önemli olduğuna inanmaktadır. Bu yüzden kendinize bir iyilik yapın ve iyi zaman geçirin! "Çalışmalarını Uzat" İşleri daha uzun süre hatırlamak için, Aralıklı aralıklarla işinizi tekrarlayın. Örneğin gerçekler veya kelimeler Romanian: Puteți crea amintiri mai profunde ale unui subiect prin învățarea într-un mediu mai bogat, care oferă mai multe indicii vizuale. Într-un experiment două grupuri de studenți au trebuit să-și amintească cuvinte aleatorii. Un grup a schimbat sala de curs în timp ce studia, celălalt nu. Grupul care a studiat în două camere diferite (unul era mic și fără ferestre, celălalt mare și luminos) avea 40% mai multe șanse să-și amintească cuvintele mai târziu. „Luați-vă serios” Oricare ar fi, găsește o modalitate distractivă de a exersa. Știința modernă a învățării consideră că emoțiile pozitive sunt foarte importante pentru creșterea potențialului de învățare. Asa ca fa-ti o favoare si petrece-te bine! „Spaționați-vă studiile” Pentru a vă aminti lucrurile mai mult timp, repetați materialul la intervale distanțate. Fapte sau vocabulare, de exemplu Arabic: يُفضَّل أن تراجعها بعد يوم أو يومين من أول يوم للمذاكرة ثم مرة أخرى بعد أسبوع وبعد شهر "%30اقرأ و70% سمِّع" إذا كانت لديك ساعة لتتعلّم كيف تُسمِّع قصيدة أو تُحضِّر خطاب مُعيّن فاستغرق 20 دقيقة من الوقت لدراسة النص و40 دقيقة لتتدرب على التسميع عادةً ما تقود هذه النسبة إلى أفضل النتائج في حالة الطوارئ ضع كوبًا من الماء بجانبك خذ رشفة كلما نسيت النص ؛) "لحظة الاختبار الذاتي" بعدما تنتهي من المذاكرة قم باختبارٍ سريع استرجاعك لما قد تعلمته فورًا على هيئة اختبار أو ملخص قصير يمكن أن يزيد من قدرة الحفظ بنسبة تصل إلى 30% وبما أن التفكير يُعدُّ أكثر جهدًا لعقلك من القراءة فهذا الجهد الإضافي يخلق آثارًا أعمق في ذاكرتك "لا تجبر ذاتك" English: are best learned if you review them the first time 1-2 days after the initial study and then again after 1 week and after 1 month. “30% Read 70% Recite” If you have one hour to learn to recite a poem or prepare for a speech spend 20 Minutes of the time on studying the text and 40 minutes on practicing to recite. This ratio usually leads to the best results. In the case of an emergency, put a glass of water next to you. Take a sip whenever you lose it ;) “Instant Self-Test” After you study finish up with a quick quiz. Immediate recall in form of a test or a short summary on what you’ve just learned can increase retention by as much as 30%. Because it’s much harder for your brain to reflect than to read, that extra effort creates deeper traces in your memory. “Don’t Force it” Korean: 초기 연구 후 1-2 일 만에 처음으로 검토하면 가장 잘 배웁니다. 1 주일 후, 1 개월 후. "30 % 읽기 70 %" 시를 낭송하거나 연설을 준비하는 데 1 시간이 걸리면 텍스트를 공부하는데 20 분을 소비한다. 암송 연습에 40 분. 이 비율은 대개 최상의 결과를 가져옵니다. 응급 상황의 경우, 너 한테 물 한 잔 줄께. 당신이 그것을 잃을 때마다 모금을하십시오;) "즉시자가 테스트" 빠른 퀴즈로 공부를 마친 후. 테스트의 형태로 즉각적으로 리콜하거나 방금 배운 것에 대한 간단한 요약 보존 기간을 30 %까지 늘릴 수 있습니다. 뇌가 읽는 것보다 반사시키는 것이 훨씬 어렵 기 때문에, 그 여분의 노력은 당신의 기억에 깊은 흔적을 만듭니다. "강요하지 마라" Hungarian: a legjobb módszer, ha átismétled őket az első alkalom után 1-2 nappal, majd 1 héttel és azután még egy hónappal később is. "30% olvasás, 70% visszamondás" Ha egy órád van egy vers megtanulására vagy beszédre való felkészülésre 20 percet tölts a szöveg tanulásával, és 40 percet a visszamondásával. Ez az arány vezet a legjobb eredményhez. Vészhelyzet esetén, tegyél egy pohár vizet magad mellé. Ha elfelejtenéd, csak kortyolj egyett és találd ki addig :) "Azonnali önellenőrzés" A tanulást fejezd be egy gyors kvízzel. Egy gyors önellenőrző teszt vagy összegzés a tanultakról akár 30%-al növelheti az emlékezőképességet. Mivel ez sokkal jobban igénybeveszi az agyat, mint az olvasás ez a kis extra erőfeszítés, mélyebben bevési az információkat a memóriádba. "Ne erőlködj" Romanian: sunt învățați cel mai bine dacă le revizuiți prima dată la 1-2 zile după studiul inițial și apoi din nou după 1 săptămână și după 1 lună. „30% Citește 70% Recit” Dacă aveți o oră pentru a învăța să recitați o poezie sau să vă pregătiți pentru un discurs petreceți 20 de minute din timp pentru studierea textului și 40 de minute la exersarea de a recita. Acest raport duce de obicei la cele mai bune rezultate. În caz de urgență, pune un pahar cu apă lângă tine. Ia o înghițitură de fiecare dată când o pierzi;) „Autotest instant” După ce studiați, terminați cu un test rapid. Rechemare imediată sub formă de test sau sumar pentru ceea ce tocmai ați învățat poate crește retenția cu până la 30%. Pentru că este mult mai greu pentru creierul tău să reflecte decât să citești, că efortul suplimentar creează urme mai adânci în memoria ta. „Nu-l forța” Bulgarian: се запомнят най-добре, ако си ги преговорите 1-2 дни след първито им прочитане и след това след 1 седмица и след 1 месец. “30% четене, 70% разказване” Ако имате един час да се научите да рецитирате поема или да се приготвите за реч, прекарайте 20 минути да научите текста и 40 минути, упражнявайки се да го рецитирате. Това съотношение обикновено води до най-добрите резултати. В спешен случай, сложете чаша вода до вас. Отпивайте всеки път, когато забравите нещо. “Незабавна самопроверка” След като си научите, приключите с един бърз тест. Незабавното повтаряне под формата на бърз тест или кратко обобщение на всичко, което сте научили, може да увеличи запаметяването с до 30%. Тъй като е много по-трудно за мозъка ви да осмисли това, което четете, това допълнително упражнение създава по-дълбоки спомени в паметта ви. “Не го насилвайте” Japanese: 初めの勉強の １、２日後に繰り返し、 またその後１週間後と1ヶ月後に 勉強するのが最適な勉強法です。 ”３０％読んで、７０％暗唱” もし詩を暗唱したり、スピーチの準備をするために 時間が1時間があれば、 ２０分をテキストの勉強に費やしてください そして、４０分を暗唱の練習にしてください。 この比率が、通常１番良い結果を出します。 緊急の場合は、 グラス１杯分の水を用意しておいてください。 分からなくなるたびに１口飲んでください。 ”インスタント・セルフテスト” 勉強した後に、ちょっとしたテストをしてください。 テスト形式で反復するか、勉強したことを短く要約すると、 記憶率を３０％も上げることができます。 なぜなら、読むことよりも脳に反映させることの方が難しく、 その追加の努力が記憶に深く刻まれるからです。 ”強制にしないでください” Vietnamese: được học tốt nhất nếu bạn ôn lại chúng lần đầu 1-2 ngày sau lần đầu học và sau đó lặp lại sau 1 tuần và sau 1 tháng. "30% Đọc 70% Học thuộc" Nếu bạn có 1 giờ để học thuộc lòng một bài thơ hay chuẩn bị cho một bài nói dùng 20 phút để học chữ và 40 phút thực hành để thuộc. Tỉ lệ này thường cho ra kết quả tốt nhất. Trong trường hợp khẩn cấp, đặt một ly nước bên cạnh bạn. Uống một hớp khi bạn quên ;) "Tự kiểm tra cấp bách" Sau khi học xong, kết thúc với một bài kiểm tra nhanh. Ngay lập tức nhớ lại form của bài kiểm tra hoặc một bản tóm tắt ngắn gọn về những gì bạn vừa học có thể nhớ lâu hơn khoảng 30%. Bởi vì sẽ vất vả nhiều hơn cho não bộ khi suy nghĩ thay vì đọc sự nỗ lực đó tạo ra những dấu vết sâu hơn trong trí nhớ của bạn. "Đừng ép buộc" Modern Greek (1453-): είναι καλύτερα να τα μάθετε εάν τα ελέγξετε την πρώτη φορά 1-2 ημέρες μετά την αρχική μελέτη και στη συνέχεια και πάλι μετά από 1 εβδομάδα και μετά από 1 μήνα. "30% διαβάστε το 70% Recite" Εάν έχετε μία ώρα για να μάθετε να απαγγέλλετε ένα ποίημα ή να προετοιμαστείτε για μια ομιλία ξοδεύετε 20 λεπτά της ώρας για να μελετήσετε το κείμενο και 40 λεπτά στην πρακτική να απαγγείλει. Αυτός ο λόγος συνήθως οδηγεί στα καλύτερα αποτελέσματα. Σε περίπτωση έκτακτης ανάγκης, βάλτε ένα ποτήρι νερό δίπλα σας. Πάρτε μια γουλιά όποτε το χάνετε ·) "Στιγμιαίο αυτοέλεγχο" Μετά την ολοκλήρωση της μελέτης ολοκληρώστε με ένα γρήγορο κουίζ. Άμεση ανάκληση με τη μορφή δοκιμής ή σύντομης περίληψης σχετικά με αυτό που μόλις μάθατε μπορεί να αυξήσει τη διατήρηση έως και 30%. Επειδή είναι πολύ πιο δύσκολο για τον εγκέφαλό σας να αντικατοπτρίζει παρά να διαβάσει, αυτή η επιπλέον προσπάθεια δημιουργεί βαθύτερα ίχνη στη μνήμη σας. "Μην το αναγκάζετε" Czech: nejlépe učí, když si je přečtete poprvé 1-2 dny po počátečním učení a pak znovu po 1 týdnu a po 1 měsíci. "30% čtení, 70% recitování" Máte-li jednu hodinu, abyste se naučili recitovat básničku nebo si připravili řeč 20 minut času vynaložte na prostudování textu a 40 minut na procvičení recitování. Tento poměr obvykle vede k dosažení nejlepších výsledků. Pro případ nouze si vedle sebe položte sklenici vody. Napijte se vždy, když ztratíte nit ;) "Rychlé ozkoušení sebe sama" Učení zakončete rychlým kvízem. Okamžité připomenutí ve formě testu nebo krátkého shrnutí toho, co jste se naučili, může zvýšit schopnost zapamatování až o 30%. Protože je pro váš mozek mnohem těžší přemýšlet než číst, další vynaložené úsilí vytvoří hlubší stopy ve vaší paměti. "Netlačte na pilu" Spanish: se aprenden mejor si se les revise el primer tiempo de 1-2 días después del estudio inicial y luego otra vez después de 1 semana y después de 1 mes. "30% 70% Leer Recita" Si usted tiene una hora para aprender a recitar un poema o prepararse para un discurso pasar 20 minutos de la hora de estudiar el texto y 40 minutos en la práctica de recitar. Esta relación por lo general conduce a los mejores resultados. En el caso de una emergencia, poner un vaso de agua al lado de usted. Tome un sorbo cada vez que lo pierde;) "Inmediata autocomprobación" Después de estudiar terminar con un breve cuestionario. recuerdo inmediato en forma de una prueba o un breve resumen de lo que acaba de aprender puede aumentar la retención de hasta un 30%. Debido a que es mucho más difícil para su cerebro para reflejar que leer, ese esfuerzo extra crea huellas más profundas en su memoria. "No lo fuerce" Dutch: zijn het best geleerd als je ze de eerste keer te beoordelen 1-2 dagen na de eerste studie en dan weer na 1 week en na 1 maand. “30% Lees 70% Recite” Als je een uur te leren om een ​​gedicht te reciteren of voor te bereiden op een toespraak besteden 20 minuten van de tijd op de tekst te bestuderen en 40 minuten op het oefenen te reciteren. Deze verhouding leidt meestal tot de beste resultaten. In het geval van een noodsituatie, zet een glas water naast je. Neem een ​​slokje wanneer u het verliezen;) “Instant Self-Test” Na je studie af te maken met een snelle quiz. Afzetbaar zijn in de vorm van een test of een korte samenvatting van wat je net hebt geleerd kan retentie te verhogen met maar liefst 30%. Omdat het veel moeilijker voor je hersenen om na te denken dan om te lezen, dat extra inspanning creëert diepere sporen in je geheugen. “Dwing het niet” Mongolian: эхдээд 1, 2 өдөр судлаад дараа нь 1 долоо хоног дараа нь 1сарын дараа дахин судлабал хамгийн зохистой "30% унш 70% давт" Хэрэв танд эх ярих ч юмуу эсвэл илтгэл тавих ганц цаг байгаа бол 20 минутыг нь хичээлээ уншиж харин үлдсэн 40 минутыг нь ярьж давт энэ хэмнэл таныг хамгийн сайн үр дүнд хүргэх болно Юмыг яаж мэдэхэв хажуудаа нэг аяга ус аваад тавьчих мартах тоолондоо тэр усаа балгаад ав ;) "Шуурхай хувийн шалгалт" хичээлээ хийж дууссан бол та өөртөө жижиг шалгуур тавиад үзээрэй уншсан зүйлсээсээ эсвэл өмнө нь сурсан юмнаасаа ч тэр асууж байвал таны ой тогтоолтыг 30%-р сайжруулах болно учир нь таны тархинд ганц уншаад цээжлэнэ гэдэг хэцүү учраас тэр нэмэлт дасгал илүү гүн сануулах болно "Битгий хүчил" Polish: najlepiej się przyswajają, kiedy robi się powtórki - dzień lub dwa po nauce, następną tydzień później, a ostatnią po miesiącu. "30% czytania, 70% mówienia" Jeśli masz godzinę na naukę wiersza lub przygotowanie wypowiedzi, 20 minut poświęć na opanowanie tekstu i 40 na ćwiczenie na głos tego, co chcesz powiedzieć. Taka proporcja zazwyczaj prowadzi do najlepszych rezultatów. Na wszelki wypadek postaw obok siebie szklankę wody. Weź łyka, gdy stracisz wątek. "Natychmiastowy sprawdzian" Po skończonej nauce zrób sobie sprawdzian. Szybkie powtórzenie w formie testu lub podsumowanie dotychczasowego materiału może zwiększyć jego zapamiętanie aż o 30%. Ponieważ zastanawianie się stanowi większy wysiłek intelektualny niż czytanie, ten dodatkowy trud pozostawi dużo głębsze ślady w twojej pamięci. "Nic na siłę" iw: מיטב נלמדים אם שתבדוק אותם בפעם הראשונה 1-2 ימים לאחר המחקר הראשוני ולאחר מכן שוב לאחר שבוע 1 ואחרי 1 חודש. "30% קראו 70% דקלם" אם יש לך שעה אחת ללמוד לדקלם שיר או להתכונן נאום להשקיע 20 דקות של זמן על לימוד הטקסט ו -40 דקות על תרגול לדקלם. יחס זה בדרך כלל מוביל את התוצאות הטובות ביותר. במקרה של מצב חירום, לשים כוס מים לידך. קחו לגימה בכל פעם שאתה מאבד את זה;) "מיידי בדיקה עצמית" אחרי שאתה לומד בסופו של דבר עם חידון מהיר. כזכור מיידי בצורה של מבחן או סיכום קצר על מה אתה עתה נודעת יכול להגדיל את ההחזקה ידי ככל 30%. כי זה הרבה יותר עבור המוח שלך כדי לשקף מאשר לקרוא, מאמץ נוסף שיוצר רישומים עמוקים בזכרונכם. "אל תכריח אותו" Russian: лучше узнать, если вы просматриваете их в первый раз через 1-2 дня после первоначального изучения и затем снова через 1 неделю и через 1 месяц. «30% Читайте 70% Читайте» Если у вас есть один час, чтобы научиться читать стихотворение или подготовиться к речи потратить 20 минут времени на изучение текста и 40 минут на практике, чтобы читать. Это соотношение обычно приводит к лучшим результатам. В случае крайней необходимости, поставить стакан воды рядом с вами. Сделайте глоток, когда потеряете его;) «Мгновенная самопроверка» После того, как вы изучите, закончите с быстрой викториной. Немедленный отзыв в форме теста или краткого резюме о том, что вы только что узнали может увеличить удержание на целых 30%. Потому что вашему мозгу гораздо сложнее размышлять, чем читать, это дополнительное усилие создает глубокие следы в вашей памяти. «Не заставляйте это» Italian: sono imparati meglio se li ripassi la prima volta 1-2 giorni dopo lo studio preliminare e poi ancora dopo una settimana e dopo un mese "30% lettura 70% ripetizione" se hai un'ora per imparare a memoria una poesia o preparare un discorso usa 20 minuti del tempo per studiare il testo e 40 minuti per praticare la ripetizione questo proporzione di solito porta ai migliori risultati in caso di emergenza, metti un bicchiere di acqua vicino a te. bevi un sorso quando ti dimentichi ; ) " auto-test istantaneo" dopo aver studiato finisci con un quiz veloce richiama alla mente immediatamente sotto forma di test o breve riassunto ciò che hai appena imparato può aumentare la memorizzazione di oltre il 30% dato che è molto più difficile per il nostro cervelli riflettere piuttosto che leggere lo sforzo extra crea profonde tracce nella tua memoria. "non forzarlo" Turkish: Ilk çalışmadan 1-2 gün sonra ilk kez onları gözden geçirirseniz, en iyi şekilde öğrenebilirsiniz. Sonra tekrar 1 hafta sonra ve 1 ay sonra. "% 30 Oku % 70 Ezberle" Bir şiir ezberlemek veya bir konuşmaya hazırlanmak için bir saatiniz varsa Metnin çalışmasına 20 dakika ayırın Ve ezberlemeye çalışırken 40 dakika. Bu oran genellikle en iyi sonuçlara neden olur. Acil bir durumda, Yanınıza bir bardak su koyun. Her kaybettiğinizde bir yudum alın;) (Dalga geçiyor, yapma lan sakın öyle bir şey!) "Anında Kendi Kendine Test" Eğitim bittikten sonra hızlı bir sınav yapın. Bir deneme biçiminde derhal geri çağırma veya yeni öğrendiğiniz şey hakkında kısa bir özet hatırlama oranını % 30'a kadar artırabilir. Çünkü beyninizin okumaktan çok yansıtması daha zordur. Bu fazladan çaba, bellekte daha derin izler yaratır. "Zorlamayın" Portuguese: são melhor aprendidos se você revê-los pela primeira vez 1 ou 2 dias após o estudo inicial e depois novamente após 1 semana e após 1 mês. "30% Leia 70% Recite" Se você tem uma hora para aprender a recitar um poema ou se preparar para um discurso gaste 20 minutos do tempo estudando o texto e 40 minutos praticando a recitando. Essa proporção geralmente leva a melhores resultados No caso de uma emergência, coloque um copo de água ao seu lado. Tome um gole sempre que você se perder;) "Auto-teste instantâneo" Depois de estudar, termine com um teste rápido. recordação imediata na forma de um teste ou um pequeno resumo do que você acabou de aprender pode aumentar a retenção em até 30%. Porque é muito mais difícil para o seu cérebro refletir do que ler, esse esforço extra cria vestígios mais profundos em sua memória. "Não force isso" Serbian: najbolje se uče ako ih pregledate prvi put 1-2 dana nakon početnog ispitivanja a zatim ponovo posle 1 nedelje i posle 1 meseca. "30% Pročitajte 70% Recite" Ako imate jedan sat vremena da naučite da recitujete pesmu ili da se pripremite za govor potrošite 20 minuta vremena na proučavanje teksta i 40 minuta za vežbanje recitovanja. Ovaj odnos obično dovodi do najboljih rezultata. U hitnim slučajevimа, stavite čašu vode pored sebe. Popijte malo vode, kada osetite da ste žedni :) "Trenutno samotestiranje" Nakon što završite učenje, napravite kviz. Neposredno podsećanje u obliku testa ili kratkog sažetka onoga što ste upravo naučili može povećati zadržavanje za čak 30% Jer je vašem mozgu mnogo teže da odražava nego da čita, taj dodatni napor stvara dublje tragove u vašoj memoriji. "Ne forsirajte" Chinese: 最好的學習方法是在一開始學習之後，1~2天在回頭複習 再來間隔一周，之後一個月。 30%閱讀70%朗誦 如果你有一個小時的時間準備背誦一首詩，或一場演講 那花20分鐘在文字背誦 40分鐘用來練習朗讀。 這個比例能帶來最好的結果 如果是突然發生的 那就放一杯水在你旁邊 當你忘詞的時候就喝一小口。 立即自我測試 當學習結束時，立刻給自己一個小考。 快速回想考試的內容或者簡短的總結你剛所學到的 都能增加大約30%的記憶 因為對你的大腦來說，回憶比起閱讀要來得困難。 額外的付出可以創造更深層的記憶 不要勉強 Chinese: 最好的学习 是你在初次学习1-2天后再次回顾 然后1周后 再之后1个月后 30%的阅读 70%的背诵 如果你有一个小时进行背诵诗歌或准备演讲 花20分钟在学习正文上 40分钟进行练习或复述 这样的比例安排通常会得到最佳的结果 在紧急的情况下 在你旁边放杯水 当你忘记时喝口水 即刻自我检测 在你学习后完成一个小测验 做一个小测验或对刚学的内容做简短的小结这种即刻的回忆 能提高30%的记忆力保留 因为对你的大脑来说比起阅读 回想更为困难 这种额外的努力能制造更深的记忆痕迹 不要强迫 Indonesian: yang terbaik dipelajari jika Anda meninjau mereka pertama kali 1-2 hari setelah studi awal dan sekali lagi setelah 1 minggu dan setelah 1 bulan. “30% Baca 70% Ucapkan” Jika Anda memiliki satu jam untuk belajar membacakan puisi atau mempersiapkan pidato menghabiskan 20 menit waktu pada belajar teks dan 40 menit berlatih melafalkan. Rasio ini biasanya mengarah ke hasil terbaik. Dalam keadaan darurat, meletakkan segelas air di samping Anda. Ambil seteguk setiap kali Anda kehilangan itu;) “Instant Self-Test” Setelah Anda mempelajari selesaikan dengan kuis cepat. recall langsung dalam bentuk tes atau ringkasan singkat tentang apa yang baru saja belajar dapat meningkatkan retensi sebanyak 30%. Karena itu jauh lebih sulit bagi otak Anda untuk mencerminkan daripada membaca, bahwa usaha ekstra menciptakan jejak lebih dalam memori Anda. “Jangan Memaksa itu” French: Sont mieux apprises si vous les examinez la première fois 1-2 jours après l'étude initiale Et encore une fois après 1 semaine et après 1 mois. 30% lire, 70% réciter si tu as un heure pour apprendre, pour réciter un poème ou te préparer pour un discours(oral) Passe 20 Minutes du temps sur l'étude du texte et 40 minute sur la pratique de la récitation Ce ratio conduit habituellement aux meilleurs résultats. en cas d'urgence met un verre d'eau à coté de toi Prenez une gorgée chaque fois que vous la perdez;) auto test instantané Après avoir terminé vos études avec un quiz rapide. Rappel immédiat sous la forme d'un test ou d'un bref résumé de ce que vous venez d'apprendre Peut augmenter la rétention jusqu'à 30%. Parce qu'il est beaucoup plus difficile pour votre cerveau de réfléchir que de lire, Cet effort supplémentaire crée des traces plus profondes dans votre mémoire. ne forcez pas! Hungarian: A motiváció olyan, mint az éhség. Nem lehet a moticáviót magadra erőltetni, mint, ahogy az éhséget sem tudod másra ráerőszakolni. Így ha nem vagy éhes éppen, ne törődj vele. Tarts szünetet és foglalkozz egy kicsit mással. Indonesian: Motivasi adalah seperti kelaparan. Anda tidak bisa memaksa diri Anda untuk termotivasi seperti Anda tidak bisa mengatakan orang lain untuk menjadi lapar. Jadi jika Anda tidak lapar sekarang, jangan khawatir. Ambil istirahat dan melakukan sesuatu yang lain. Vietnamese: Động lực như cơn đói. Bạn không thể ép buộc bản thân mình có động lực. giống như bạn không thể kêu ai đó hãy đói. Vậy nên nếu bây giờ bạn không đói, đừng lo lắng. Giải lao và làm gì đó khác. Trans by: Hoàng Quyên Polish: Z motywacją jest jak z głodem. Nie możesz się zmusić do bycia zmotywowanym/ą, tak jak nie możesz kazać komuś być głodnym. Więc, jeśli nie jesteś teraz głodny, nie przejmuj się. Zrób sobie przerwę i zajmij się czymś innym. iw: מוטיבציה היא כמו רעב. אתה לא יכול להכריח את עצמך להיות מוטיבציה בדיוק כמו שאתה לא יכול לספר למישהו אחר להיות רעב. אז אם אתה לא רעב עכשיו, אין לך מה לדאוג. קח הפסקה ולעשות משהו אחר. Mongolian: Урам зориг бол яг л өлсгөлөнтэй адил Та өөрийгөө хүсэхгүй зүйлдээ хүчлэх хэрэггүй энэ яг л та хэн нэгэн хүнийг өлсөөгүй байхад нь өлс гэж байгаатай адил хэрэв та одоо өлсөхгүй байгаа бол битгий санаа зов завсарлагаа аваад өөр зүйл хийж болно шүү дээ. ;) Spanish: La motivación es como el hambre. No puede obligarse a estar motivado Al igual que no puede decirle a otra persona para tener hambre. Así que si usted no tiene hambre en este momento, no se preocupe. Tomar un descanso y hacer otra cosa. Korean: 동기 부여는 굶주림과 같습니다. 스스로 동기를 부여 할 수는 없습니다. 다른 사람에게 배고프지 마라. 따라서 지금 배고프지 않으면 걱정하지 마십시오. 휴식을 취하고 다른 것을하십시오. Portuguese: A motivação é como a fome. Você não pode forçar-se a ser motivado Assim como você não pode dizer a alguém para estar com fome. Então, se você não está com fome agora, não se preocupe. Faça uma pausa e faça outra coisa. Japanese: モチベーションは空腹に似ています。 あなたは自分自身のモチベーションに強制することはできません。 それは、他の人に空腹になれと言うのと同じです。 だから、もし今あなたが空腹出なくても、心配しないでください。 少し休んで、他のことをしてみてください。 Modern Greek (1453-): Το κίνητρο είναι σαν την πείνα. Δεν μπορείτε να αναγκάσετε τον εαυτό σας να σας παρακινήσει όπως δεν μπορείτε να πείτε σε κάποιον άλλο να πεινάει. Έτσι, αν δεν είστε πεινασμένοι τώρα, μην ανησυχείτε. Κάντε ένα διάλειμμα και κάντε κάτι άλλο. Czech: Motivace je jako hlad. Nemůžete nutit sami sebe, abyste byli motivovaní, stejně jako nemůžete někomu jinému říct, aby měl hlad. Takže pokud nejste hladoví právě teď, nezoufejte. Dejte si pauzu a dělejte něco jiného. French: La motivation est comme la faim. Vous ne pouvez pas vous forcer à être motivé Tout comme vous ne pouvez pas dire à quelqu'un d'autre d'avoir faim. Donc, si vous n'avez pas faim en ce moment, ne vous inquiétez pas. Faites une pause et faites autre chose. Romanian: Motivația este ca foamea. Nu te poți forța să fii motivat la fel cum nu poți spune altcuiva să-i fie foame. Deci, dacă nu vă este foame acum, nu vă faceți griji. Faceți o pauză și faceți altceva. Turkish: Motivasyon açlık gibidir. Kendini motive etmek için zorlayamazsın. Tıpkı bir başkasına aç olmasını söyleyemeyeceğiniz gibi. Şu an aç değilseniz endişelenmeyin. Bir mola verin ve başka bir şey yapın. ( uykucu Alper Özcan.) Russian: Мотивация похожа на голод. Вы не можете заставить себя быть мотивированным так же, как вы не можете сказать кому-то еще, чтобы быть голодным. Так что, если вы сейчас не голодны, не волнуйтесь. Сделай перерыв и сделай что-нибудь еще. Bulgarian: Мотивацията е като глада. Не можете да насилите себе си да се мотивирате, както не можете да кажете на някой друг кога е гладен. Така че, ако не сте гладни сега, не се притеснявайте. Вземете си почивка и направете нещо друго. Chinese: 积极性就像是饥饿感 你不能强迫自己去变得积极 就像你不能告诉别人饿一点 如果你现在不饿 没关系 休息下 去做做别的事情 Chinese: 動機就像飢餓感 你無法勉強自己充滿幹勁 就像你不能告訴某人”你要飢餓” 所以如果現在沒有飢餓感，別擔心 休息一下、做點其他事情吧！ Dutch: Motivatie is zoals honger. Je kunt jezelf niet dwingen om te worden gemotiveerd net zoals je kunt niet iemand anders honger te vertellen. Dus als je geen honger hebt op dit moment, maak je geen zorgen. Neem een ​​pauze en iets anders te doen. Serbian: Motivacija je kao glad. Ne možete se prisiliti da budete motivisani baš kao što ne možete nekom drugom da kažete da je gladan. Dakle, ako trenutno niste gladni, ne brinite. Odmorite se i uradite nešto drugo. Italian: La motivazione è come la fame. non puoi forzarti ad essere motivato esattamente come non puoi pretendere che qualcun altro abbia fame quindi se non sei affamato adesso, non ti preoccupare. prenditi una pausa e fa qualcos'altro Arabic: إنَّ الدافع مثل الجوع لا يمكنك إجبار ذاتك لتصبح مُتحمّسًا تمامًا مثل أنك لا تستطيع افتراض أن يكون أحدهم جائعًا فإذا لم تكن جائعًا الآن، لا تقلق خذ قسطًا من الراحة وقم بشيءٍ آخر English: Motivation is like hunger. You cannot force yourself to be motivated just like you can’t tell someone else to be hungry. So if you are not hungry right now, don’t worry. Take a break and do something else.

¡Muy buenos días pasajeros! En el viaje de hoy hace una mañana estupenda para una de nuestras recomendaciones. Hoy hablaremos de por qué ver Apocalypse Now, una película fascinante por varios motivos. Al igual que los factores que influyeron directa e indirectamente en su concepción. Pónganse cómodos y disfruten. Desde el punto de vista del contexto histórico la película se ambienta en la Guerra de Vietnam, uno de los conflictos más traumáticos para la sociedad estadounidense. Duró dos décadas y fue un pulso de poder entre los dos bloques enfrentados durante la Guerra Fría: el liderado por EE.UU. frente al de la Unión Soviética y sus aliados. Cada bloque brindaba apoyo a la parte de Vietnam que era más afín a sus intereses, los países capitalistas al Sur y los comunistas al Norte que aspiraban a una reunificación del país. La implicación estadounidense atravesó distintas etapas hasta su retirada en 1973, pero en general, la contienda golpeó duramente la imagen de EE.UU. en el exterior y especialmente la percepción que los propios estadounidenses tenían de sí mismos. La brutalidad, el desgaste psicológico, las familias rotas y el fracaso final de la operación ensombrecieron el ánimo de toda una generación y tuvo un impacto significativo en el mundo de la Cultura. En esta misma época a mediados de los años 60, Hollywood estaba experimentando uno de sus cambios más importantes. La época dorada del cine —comprendida entre los años 30 y 50— se apagaba lentamente. La democratización de la televisión y una sociedad cambiante —con el movimiento hippie, la lucha por los derechos civiles y la revolución sexual en auge— ocasionó una desconexión con el cine que se venía haciendo hasta ese momento. En este periodo de agitación en el que los productores clásicos no sabían cómo volver a ganarse el favor del público, un grupo de directores irrumpió con fuerza y rebeldía dando lugar a lo que se conocería como el 'Nuevo Hollywood'. Estos cineastas hambrientos por hacer algo nuevo, se fijaron en el cine que se estaba haciendo en Europa e influenciados por las mismas inquietudes y sentimientos de su generación, supieron conectar con la audiencia y cambiar la historia del medio. Su estilo era más visceral, y temas como la violencia, el sexo o la angustia se trataban de un modo desacomplejado y cobraban un papel importante en sus historias, En 1969, Coppola y Lucas crearon su propia productora American Zoetrope y Warner Bros Pictures les ofreció un contrato para producir nuevos guiones. Uno de ellos era el que escribió el guionista John Milius, una adaptación de la obra de Joseph Conrad 'El corazón de las tinieblas'. La obra original ambientada en una travesía de Londres a África trata sobre el colonialismo el racismo y los aspectos más oscuros del alma humana. Una serie de temas que Milius aprovechaba para reemarcarlos en el gran acontecimiento de su tiempo la Guerra de Vietnam. Nacía así la primera versión del guión de Apocalypse Now. En un primer momento iba a ser un pseudo documental de bajo presupuesto rodada en 16 mm, en blanco y negro y dirigida por George Lucas. Pero Coppola después de triunfar con la primera y segunda parte 'El Padrino', con el ego por las nubes y necesitado de retos más estimulantes, decidió apropiarse de la película y financiarla él mismo, manteniendo así el control de la producción y parte de las futuras ganancias. Vendió los derechos de distribución a United Artists y así contó con un elevadísimo presupuesto para el proyecto. La película narra el viaje del Capitán Willard, un hombre atormentado por una guerra sin final a quien se le encomienda la misión de atravesar Vietnam río arriba hasta llegar a Camboya, con la intención de localizar y acabar con el Coronel Kurtz, un antiguo boina verde que después de volverse loco ha formado su propio ejército de indígenas que le adoran como un Dios. La historia comienza como cualquier película de guerra, pero a medida que avanza, el río que deben remontar Willard y sus compañeros, así como los hechos que le suceden, obtienen una carga simbólica cada vez mayor, que separan al fin del género puramente bélico, y lo elevan a algo más complejo y abstracto. El viaje de los protagonistas tiene un objetivo claro, pero conforme progresan a través de las aguas brumosas, van surgiendo más y más preguntas sin respuesta. El ascenso del río se torna poco a poco en un descenso a la raíz de la locura, donde cada vez existen menos certezas, menos asideros morales, y todo aquello que creíamos saber parece difuminarse entre la niebla. La película es una reflexión sobre todos los elementos que construyen y destruyen a un individuo. Sobre la fragilidad de una persona cuando es expuesta al horror. Una introspección que se transmite a través de sus sugerentes imágenes, sus diálogos y especialmente sus silencios. Es además una obra estimulante y ambigua, que mezcla sin miedo instantes de tensión, de comedia, de absurdo o meditación. Que admite múltiples lecturas y agradece más de un visionado. Siempre se puede encontrar algo nuevo siguiendo la aventura de Willard por el río Nung. Este descenso a la locura tiene su espejo en el rodaje de la película, que fue un caos y se alargó durante más de un año. Se grabó en Filipinas, una localización con ventajas e inconvenientes; por un lado, a cambio de una cuantiosa, cantidad el presidente de Filipinas puso a disposición de Coppola todos los helicópteros y pilotos que necesitasen, además de permitir que se arrojará tanto naval como quisieran. "Me gusta el olor del napalm por la mañana". Sin embargo las condiciones climatológicas fueron adversas. El tifón Olga los pilló por sorpresa, y destrozó parte del equipo y los sets, que tuvo que volver a ser construido invirtiendo así más tiempo y dinero. Con el paso del tiempo, la grabación en la selva se fue haciendo más complicada, lo que dio lugar a situaciones cada vez más desquiciadas. En cierto momento por ejemplo, la policía detuvo el rodaje porque se estaban usando cadáveres reales exhumados para ambientar los decorados. Coppola parecía cada día más enajenado, llegó allí sin tener un guión definitivo, que iba reescribiendo durante el rodaje, influido por todo lo que estaban viviendo. Para colmo, Marlon Brando llegó a sus escenas sin saber si el texto, con kilos de más y con exigencias extravagantes como no compartir escena con el actor Dennis Hopper. Enfermedades, un infarto de Martin Sheen, fiestas nocturnas repletas de droga... el caos reinaba en un rodaje que parecía no tener fin, y los arrastraba como un remolino hacia la desazón. Coppola se había endeudado por completo y no encontraba la forma de salir de aquella espiral viciosa. Todos estos hechos están recogidos en el documental 'Corazones en tinieblas". El resultado fue una cantidad ingente de metraje filmado, lo que sumado a los retoques continuos del guión, hizo que el proceso de montaje jugará un papel fundamental a la hora de dar forma a la película. Se tardó dos años más en terminar a toda prisa un montaje provisional para su presentación en el Festival de Cannes de 1979. Por suerte para Coppola, Apocalypse Now recaudó cinco veces su presupuesto y fue nominada a ocho premios Oscar, de los cuales ganaron los magníficos Vittorio Storaro por su trabajo en la fotografía y Walter Murch en el sonido, principales responsables de la atmósfera única e icónica de la película. La abundancia del material grabado hace que Apocalypse Now cuente con varias versiones, entre las que destaca la versión Redux de 2001, donde se agregaron 50 minutos más de metraje a la versión clásica del '79. Apocalypse Now se convirtió en un referente del cine bélico, y sus escenas singulares han servido como inspiración a multitud de obras y autores, que empezarían a ver la guerra como algo que sucede más allá del campo de batalla, que está en el interior de cada uno, en el corazón de las tinieblas. Y eso es todo por el viaje de hoy. Espero que les haya gustado y les despierte curiosidad si aún no han visto esta pieza maestra del cine contemporáneo. Como siempre, muchas gracias por vernos, dadle a like si os ha gustado y suscribíos si os interesa ver más vídeos como éste. ¡Un saludo y nos seguimos viendo por el canal!

English: High blood pressure, or hypertension is a common condition in which the force of blood on the walls of your arteries is often too high. Arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart to supply your tissues with oxygen and nutrients. In your heart, two chambers, called ventricles, contract with each heartbeat to push blood to your lungs and through your arteries to your body. As blood flows through them, three main factors affect the pressure on your artery walls. The first is cardiac output, or the amount of blood your ventricles push out of your heart each minute. Indonesian: Tekanan darah tinggi, atau hipertensi adalah kondisi umum di mana aliran darah pada dinding arteri Anda sering terlalu tinggi. Arteri adalah pembuluh darah yang membawa darah dari jantung Anda untuk memasok jaringan Anda dengan oksigen dan nutrisi. Pada Jantung Anda, dua bilik jantung disebut ventrikel, kontrak dengan setiap detak jantung untuk mendorong darah ke paru-paru anda dan melalui arteri untuk tubuh Anda. Saat darah mengalir melalui mereka, tiga faktor utama yang mempengaruhi tekanan pada dinding arteri Anda. Yang pertama adalah daya jantung, atau banyaknya darah yang ventrikel dorong keluar dari jantung Anda setiap menit. Russian: Высокое артериальное давление, или гипертензия Распространенное состояние, когда давление крови на стенки артерии слишком высоко. Артерии - это кровяные сосуды, которые несут кровь от сердца поставляя тканям кислород и питательные вещества. В сердце есть две камеры, называемые желудочками которые сокращаются с каждым ударом сердца, толкая кровь к вашим легким и через артерии к вашему телу. Когда кровь течет по ним, три фактора влияют на давление стенок артерии. Первый - это сердечный выброс, или объем крови, который ваш желудочек выносит из сердца каждую минуту. Portuguese: A pressão sanguínea alta, ou hipertensão é uma comum condição em que a força do sangue nas paredes de suas artérias é frequentemente muito alta Artérias são os vasos do sanguíneos que conduzem o sangue desde seu coração até suprir seus tecidos com oxigênio e nutrientes. Em nosso coração há duas câmaras chamadas ventrículos, que se contrai com cada batimento cardíaco para empurrar o sangue para os pulmões e juntamente com suas artérias leva a todo o seu corpo. Conforme o sangue flui através delas, três fatores principais podem afetar a pressão sobre as paredes das artérias. A primeira é o débito cardíaco, que é a quantidade de sangue que seus ventrículos empurrar para fora do seu coração a cada minuto. Spanish: La presión sanguínea alta, o hipertensión, es una condición común en la cual la fuerza de la sangre sobre las paredes de tus arterias es frecuentemente muy alta. Las arterias son los vasos sanguíneos que conducen la sangre desde el corazón para suministrar a tus tejidos con oxígeno y nutrientes. En tu corazón, hay dos cámaras, llamadas ventrículos, que se contraen con cada latido para empujar la sangre hacia tus pulmones y a través de tus arterias, hacia tu cuerpo. Conforme la sangre fluye a través de ellas, tres factores principales afectan la presión en las paredes de tus arterias. El primero es el gasto cardiaco, la cantidad de sangre que tus ventrículos empujan fuera de tu corazón cada minuto. Arabic: فريق الترجمة من جامعة الأميرة نورة : أثير الشهري ، حصة الشايع ، ريهام الراشد ، غادة العبيد ، هيا الفارس. نتمنى لكم طيب المتابعة ارتفاع ضغط الدم أو ما يسمى بفرط ضغط الدم هو حالة مرضية شائعة وفيها تكون قوة ضخ الدم داخل جدران الشرايين مرتفعة جداً الشرايين هي الأوعية الدموية التي تقوم بنقل الدم من القلب لتزويد أنسجة الجسم بالأكسجين والعناصر الغذائية يوجد في القلب حجرتان تسميان البطينين تنقبضان مع كل نبضة لتضخا الدم إلى الرئتين وعبر الشرايين إلى جميع أنحاء الجسم و خلال تدفق الدم عبرهما يوجد هناك ثلاثة عوامل رئيسية تؤثرعلى الضغط في جدران الشرايين العامل الأول هو النتاج القلبي أو كمية الدم التي يضخها البطينان خارج القلب كل دقيقة Chinese: 高血壓 是血液在動脈壁面臨壓力的通常會很高 動脈是將血液從你的心臟帶離開 以便把氧氣和營養供應給你的組織 在你的心臟裡面有兩個空間稱為心室 和你的心跳承接來推送血液到肺臟 然後通過動脈輸送到你的身體 血液流經身體 會有三個主要的因素 會讓你的動脈血管壁產生作用 首先是心臟的輸出 或是從你的心臟每分鐘輸出血液 Vietnamese: Phụ đề được viết bởi: Hải Ngô (Vietnamese subtitles written by: Hải Ngô) Cao huyết áp hay chứng huyết áp cao là tình trạng phổ biến mà tại thành mạch, áp lực máu thường quá cao Động mạch là các mạch vận chuyển máu từ tim để cung cấp oxy và chất dinh dưỡng cho các mô Trong tim, có 2 tâm thất Hoạt động nhịp nhàng theo nhịp đập của tim để đẩy máu lên phổi và theo các động mạch đi khắp cơ thể Khi máu chảy trong lòng mạch, có 3 yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến áp lực máu lên thành mạch Thứ nhất là lưu lượng tim, hay lượng máu mà tâm thất tống ra mỗi phút Arabic: وكلما زاد معدل النتاج القلبي كلما ارتفع ضغط الدم العامل الثاني والذي يؤثر على ضغط الدم هو حجم الدم أو إجمالي حجم الدم في الجسم و يرتفع ضغط الدم أيضا كلما زاد حجم الدم العامل الثالث الذي يؤثر على ضغط الدم هو المقاومة وهو مقاومة مايعيق تدفق الدم في الشرايين وهناك عدة عوامل تساعد على المقاومة العامل الأول هو مرونة جدار الشريان حيث تتوسع الشرايين السليمة مع كل نبضة لتساعد في التخفيف من ضغط الدم على الجدار العامل الثاني للمقاومة هو قطر الشريان وهو مقدرة الجسم على توسيع قطر الشرايين لخفض ضغط الدم أو تضييقها لرفع ضغط الدم Portuguese: Sua pressão arterial sobe à medida que aumenta o débito cardíaco. O segundo fator que afeta pressão arterial é o seu volume, que se define como a quantidade total de sangue em seu corpo. Sua pressão sanguínea também poderá subir à medida que seu volume aumenta. O terceiro fator que afeta-o é a resistência, que é qualquer coisa que possa atrapalhar o fluxo sanguíneo. Vários fatores podem contribuir para a resistência. Um fator de resistência é a flexibilidade da parede de suas artérias. um artéria saudável se expande com cada batimento cardíaco que ajuda a reduzir a pressão sanguínea em suas paredes. Outro fator de resistência é o diâmetro de suas paredes. Seu corpo é capaz de aumentar o diâmetro de suas paredes para baixar a pressão arterial, ou reduzir o diâmetro para elevar a pressão arterial. Chinese: 你的血壓會隨著心臟的輸出增加提高 第二個因素和血壓發生作用的是血液的數量 或是你的身體總血液量 血壓同時也會跟著血液的數量增加 第三個因素是當你的血壓面臨到抗力 當你的動脈血流作用有受到阻力 有些因素會提出抵抗 一個對抗的因素是你的動脈彈性 健康的動脈會隨著每次的心跳擴張 來幫助減少血管壁的血壓 另外一個抗力是動脈直徑 你的身體能夠隨著動脈直徑的增加 而降低你的血壓 或是減少面積來增加你的血壓 Vietnamese: Huyết áp tăng khi lưu lượng tim tăng Yếu tố thứ hai ảnh hưởng tới huyết áp là khối lượng tuần hoàn hay tổng lượng máu trong cơ thể Huyết áp tăng khi khối lượng tuần hoàn tăng Yếu tố thứ ba ảnh hưởng đến huyết áp là sức cản thành mạch là những thứ cản trở sự lưu thông của máu trong động mạch Có 1 số yếu tố góp phần vào sức cản thành mạch Yếu tố thứ nhất là tính đàn hồi của thành động mạch Động mạch bình thường giãn ra khi tim co bóp để làm giảm áp lực máu lên thành mạch. Một yếu tố khác là đường kính lòng mạch Cơ thể có khả năng tăng đường kính lòng mạch để giảm huyết áp Hoặc giảm đường kính lòng mạch để tăng huyết áp English: Your blood pressure goes up as cardiac output increases. The second factor affecting your blood pressure is blood volume, or the total amount of blood in your body. Blood pressure also goes up as blood volume increases. The third factor that affects your blood pressure is resistance, which is anything working against the blood flow through your arteries. Several factors contribute to resistance. One resistance factor is the flexibility of your artery wall. Healthy arteries expand with each heartbeat to help reduce blood pressure on the wall. Another resistance factor is the diameter of your arteries. Your body is able to increase the diameter of your arteries to lower your blood pressure, or reduce the diameter to raise your blood pressure. Russian: Ваше кровяное давление поднимается по мере увеличения кровяного выброса. Второй фактор, влияющий на кровяное давление - это объем крови, то есть количество всей крови в вашем теле. Кровяное давление также повышается, если увеличивается объем крови. Третий фактор, влияющий на кровяное давление - это сопротивление, то есть все, что мешает крови течь через артерии. Несколько факторов способствуют сопротивлению. Один из них - это гибкость стенок артерии. Здоровые артерии расширяются с каждым ударом сердца, тем самым помогая снизить давление на стенки. Другой фактор сопротивления - это диаметр артерии. Ваше тело способно увеличивать диаметр артерии, снижая кровяное давление, или же уменьшать его, для того чтобы повысить кровяное давление. Indonesian: tekanan darah Anda naik sebagai meningkatnya keluaran jantung. Faktor kedua yang mempengaruhi tekanan darah Anda volume darah, atau jumlah total darah dalam tubuh Anda. Tekanan darah juga naik seiring meningkatknya volume darah. Faktor ketiga yang mempengaruhi tekanan darah Anda adalah resistensi, yang merupakan sesuatu yang bekerja melawan aliran darah melalui arteri Anda. Beberapa faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap resistensi. Salah satu faktor resistensi adalah fleksibilitas dari dinding arteri Anda. arteri yang sehat mengembang dengan setiap detak jantung untuk membantu mengurangi tekanan darah di dinding. Faktor resistensi lain adalah diameter arteri Anda. Tubuh Anda mampu meningkatkan diameter arteri Anda untuk menurunkan tekanan darah Anda, atau mengurangi diameter untuk meningkatkan tekanan darah Anda. Spanish: Tu presión arterial aumenta conforme aumenta tu gasto cardiaco. El segundo factor que afecta tu presión sanguínea es el volumen de sangre, o la cantidad total de sangre en tu cuerpo. La presión sanguínea también aumenta conforme el volumen de sangre aumenta. El tercer factor que afecta tu presión sanguínea es la resistencia, que es cualquier cosa que impida el flujo de sangre a través de tus arterias. Varios factores contribuyen a la resistencia. Un factor es la flexibilidad de tus paredes arteriales. Las arterias saludables se expanden con cada latido para reducir la presión sanguínea sobre la pares. Otro factor de resistencia es el diámetro de tus arterias. Tu cuerpo es capaz de aumentar el diámetro de tus arterias para disminuir tu presión sanguínea, Vietnamese: Yếu tố thứ ba là độ nhớt của máu, hay độ quánh của máu Trong máu có nhiều thành phần như protein, chất béo, làm tăng độ nhớt của máu Nếu máu đặc hơn, huyết áp sẽ tăng Khi đó tim phải co bóp mạnh hơn để đẩy máu đi vào động mạch Huyết áp được đo bằng thiết bị gọi là máy đo huyết áp, hay huyết áp kế. Khi tim co bóp, áp lực máu tác động lên thành động mạch được gọi là huyết áp tâm thu Khi tim nghỉ giữa các lần co bóp, áp lực tác động lên thành mạch được gọi là huyết áp tâm trương Huyết áp có thể thay đổi suốt cả ngày Arabic: العامل الثالث للمقاومة هو لزوجه الدم أو سماكته عدد الجسيمات في الجسم مثل البروتينات والدهون تزيد من لزوجه الدم وإذا كان الدم سميكاً فإن ضغط الدم سيرتفع وسيعمل القلب بشكل أقوى لضخ الدم في الشرايين ويمكن قياس ضغط الدم عن طريق جهاز يسمى مقياس ضغط الدم أو رباط ضغط الدم عندما ينبض القلب يسمى ضغط الدم على جدار الشرايين بالضغط الانقباضي أما عندما يسترخي القلب بين النبضات فيسمى الضغط على جدار الشرايين بالضغط الإنبساطي قد يتغير ضغط الدم خلال اليوم لذلك ينبغي أن يكون مستوى الزئبق عادةً أقل من ١٢٠ملم للضغط الإنقباضي Chinese: 第三個抗力因素是血液黏稠度或是濃度 在你的血液中, 更多的粒子像是蛋白質或是脂肪都會增加血液中的黏稠度 如果你的血液濃度高 你的血壓也會隨之上升 你的心臟就需要更大加壓來流過動脈 血壓可以經由裝置來偵測 稱為血壓計 當心跳時 動脈中的血壓 稱為收縮壓 當你的心跳放鬆時 血壓則稱為舒張壓 人的血壓可能一天內都不一樣 120 以下下的收縮壓是正常的 English: A third resistance factor is blood viscosity, or thickness. In your blood, more particles, such as proteins and fat, increase viscosity. If your blood is thicker, your blood pressure goes up as your heart works harder to push it through your arteries. Your blood pressure can be measured with a device called a sphygmomanometer, or blood pressure cuff. When your heart beats, the pressure of blood on the walls of your arteries is called systolic pressure. When your heart relaxes between beats, pressure on the artery wall is called diastolic pressure. While your blood pressure may change throughout the day, it should normally be less than 120 millimeters of mercury for systolic pressure, Indonesian: Faktor resistensi ketiga adalah kekentalan darah, atau ketebalan. Dalam darah Anda, semakin banyak partikel, seperti protein dan lemak, viskositas(kekentalan) meningkat. Jika darah Anda lebih tebal, tekanan darah Anda naik karena jantung Anda bekerja lebih keras untuk mendorongnya melalui arteri Anda. tekanan darah dapat diukur dengan sebuah perangkat disebut sphygmomanometer, atau tekanan darah manset. Ketika jantung Anda berdetak, tekanan darah pada dinding arteri Anda disebut tekanan sistolik. Ketika jantung Anda relaks antara detak, tekanan pada dinding arteri disebut tekanan diastolik. Sementara tekanan darah Anda mungkin berubah sepanjang hari, biasanya harus kurang dari 120 milimeter merkuri untuk tekanan sistolik, Portuguese: o terceiro fator de resistência é sua viscosidade, ou espessura. Em seu sangue, muitas partículas assim como as proteínas e gorduras, aumenta a viscosidade. Se o seu sangue é mais espesso, a sua pressão arterial sobe conforme seu coração trabalha mais força ele produz para empurrá-la através das artérias. Sua pressão pode ser verificada através de um aparelho chamado de esfigmomanômetro, e manguito de pressão arterial. Quando seu coração bate, a pressão sanguínea nas suas paredes de suas artérias é chamada de pressão sistole quando seu coração relaxa entre os batimentos a pressão nas paredes das artérias é chamada de pressão diástole. Enquanto sua pressão arterial pode mudar ao longo do dia, que normalmente deve ser inferior a 120 milímetros de mercúrio de pressão sistólica, Russian: Третий фактор сопротивления крови - вязкость, или плотность. Множество частиц в крови, таких как белки и жиры, увеличивают вязкость Кровь становится гуще - и давление повышается, так как сердце работает сильнее, проталкивая кровь через артерии. Кровяное давление можно измерить с помощью устройства, называемого сфигмоманометр, или же танометр. При сокращении сердца давление на стенки ваших артерии называется систолическим давлением. Когда же сердце расслабляется между ударами, давление на стенки называется диастолическим. Тогда как кровяное давление может меняться в течение дня, в норме оно должно быть не менее чем 120 мм ртутного столба во время систолы Spanish: o reducir el diámetro para aumentar tu presión sanguínea. Un tercer factor es la viscosidad de la sangre o su espesor. En tu sangre, una mayor cantidad de partículas, como proteínas y grasa, aumentan la viscosidad. Si tu sangre es espesa, tu presión sanguínea aumentará conforme tu corazón trabaje más fuerte para empujarla a través de tus arterias. Tu presión sanguínea puede medirse con un aparato llamado esfingmomanómetro o tensiómetro. Cuando tu corazón late, la presión de la sangre sobre las paredes de tus arterias es llamada presión sistólica. Cuando tu corazón se relaja entre latidos, la presión en la pared arterial es llamada presión diastólica. A pesar de que tu presión sanguínea puede variar durante el día, normalmente debería ser menos de 120 milimetros de mercurio para la presión sistólica, Indonesian: dan kurang dari 80 milimeter air raksa untuk tekanan diastolik. Jika tekanan sistolik Anda sering tetap di atas 140, atau tekanan diastolik Anda sering tetap di atas 90, Anda memiliki tekanan darah tinggi. Seiring waktu, tekanan darah tinggi akan merusak dinding arteri Anda. dinding arteri Anda mungkin menjadi lemah dan membentuk pembesaran disebut aneurisma. Atau dinding bisa pecah dan berdarah ke dalam jaringan sekitarnya. kerusakan kecil di dinding arteri Anda dapat menarik zat tertentu dalam darah Anda, seperti kolesterol, lemak, dan kalsium, untuk membentuk tumpukan yang disebut plak. aliran darah melalui arteri Anda menurun seiring membesarnya plak. Arabic: وأقل من ٨٠ ملم لمستوى الزئبق للضغط الانبساطي وفي حالة بقاء مستوى الضغط الانقباضي فوق ١٤٠ ملم أو بقاء مستوى الضغط الانبساطي فوق ٩٠ ملم يكون الشخص مصاباً بارتفاع ضغط الدم مع مرور الوقت، يتسبب ارتفاع ضغط الدم في تلف جدار الشريان مما يجعله ضعيفاً و يشكل تضخماً يعرف بأم الدم (تمدد في الأوعية الدموية) أو قد ينفجر الجدار ويحدث نزيف خارج الشريان نحو الأنسجة المحيطة قد تجذب التمزقات الصغيرة في جدار الشريان بعض العناصر الموجودة في الدم مثل الكولسترول والدهون والكالسيوم والتي تشكل تراكم حول الشريان يسمى لويحات يقل تدفق الدم داخل الشرايين كلما توسعت اللويحات Portuguese: e superior a 80 milímetros de mercúrio de pressão diástole, Se sua pressão sistóle frequentemente permanece acima de 140, ou sua pressão diastóle frequentemente permanece acima de 90, você tem hipertensão. Com o tempo, a pressão arterial elevada pode danificar as paredes de suas artérias. A parede de suas artérias pode tornar-se fraca e formar um alargamento chamado um aneurisma. ou parede pode romper e sangrar dentro do tecido circundante. Pequenas lágrimas em sua parede da artéria pode atrair determinadas substâncias no seu sangue, assim como colesterol, gorduras, e cálcio, para formar um acúmulo chamado placa. O fluxo de sangue através de sua artéria diminui à medida que a placa aumenta. Vietnamese: thông thường huyết áp tâm thu thường thấp hơn 120mmHg và huyết áp tâm trương thấp hơn 80mmHg Nếu huyết áp tâm thu thường xuyên cao hơn 140mmHg hoặc huyết áp tâm trương thường xuyên cao hơn 90mmHg Thì bạn đã bị bệnh tăng huyết áp Theo thời gian, bệnh cao huyết áp sẽ làm tổn thương thành động mạch Thành mạch trở nên yếu và có những chỗ phình to gọi là phồng mạch. Hoặc thành mạch có thể bị vỡ và chảy máu ra các mô xung quanh Tổn thương nhỏ ở thành mạch có thể làm những chất trong máu như cholesterol, chất béo và canxi lắng đọng tạo thành mảng Lượng máu qua mạch giảm khi các mảng này lớn dần Russian: и не менее чем 80 мм для диастолы. Если ваше систолическое давление часто выше 140, или диастолическое выше 90, то у вас высокое кровяное давление. Со временем высокое кровяное давление разрушит стенки артерии. Стенки артерии могут истончиться или расшириться, что приведет к аневризме. Или стенка может разорваться и вызвать кровоизлияние в окружающие ткани. Небольшие прорехи в стенке артерии могут пропустить в кровь некоторые вещества, такие как холестерин, жир и кальции, которые образуют бляшки. Крови, протекающей по артериям, становится меньше по мере увеличения бляшек. Spanish: y menos de 80 milimetros de mercurio para la presión diastólica. Si tu presión sistólica se mantiene con frecuencia sobre 140 o tu presión diastólica se mantiene con frecuencia sobre 90, sufres de presión arterial alta. Con el tiempo, la presión arterial alta dañará las paredes de tus arterias. La pared de tus arterias puede debilitarse y formar un abultamiento llamado un aneurisma. O la pared puede romperse y sangrar dentro del tejido circundante. O pequeños desgarros en la pared de tus arterias pueden atraer ciertas sustancias de tu sangre, como colesterol, grasa, y calcio, para formar un acúmulo llamado placa. El flujo sanguíneo a través de tus arterias disminuye conforme la placa crece. Chinese: 還有低於八十的舒張壓 如果你的收縮壓經常超過 140 或是你的舒張壓常停留在 90以上 那麼你就是有高血壓 隨著時間 高血壓會損害你的血管壁 你的動脈將會變弱 並且會變大變成動脈瘤 或是動脈血管壁破裂 並且血液匯流到周圍的組織 在你的動脈中輕微的撕裂牽引身體中的物質 像是你的膽固醇 脂肪還有鈣 造成血小板的形成 因為血小板變大而減低了動脈血流量 English: and less than 80 millimeters of mercury for diastolic pressure. If your systolic pressure frequently stays above 140, or your diastolic pressure frequently stays above 90, you have high blood pressure. Over time, high blood pressure will damage the walls of your arteries. Your artery wall may become weak and form an enlargement called an aneurysm. Or the wall may burst and bleed into the surrounding tissue. Small tears in your artery wall may attract certain substances in your blood, such as cholesterol, fat, and calcium, to form a build-up called a plaque. Blood flow through your artery decreases as the plaque enlarges. Portuguese: As células sanguíneas podem se aderir a placa e formar grumos sólidos, chamados trombos ou coágulos, reduzindo ainda mais, ou completamente o bloqueio do fluxo de sanguíneo. Danos às artérias aumenta a sua pressão arterial ainda mais, fazendo seu coração bater com mais força. Os danos artérias e redução do fluxo sanguíneo pode gerar condições como: um derrame, um ataque cardíaco, ou uma doença renal. Em muitos casos, a causa para a hipertensão é desconhecida. Estes tipos de pressão alta é chamada de hipertensão primária, ou essencial. Os tratamentos para hipertensão essencial inclui mudanças de estilo de vida, tais como comer uma dieta saudável. Arabic: و قد تعلق خلايا الدم في اللويحات و تشكل كتل صلبة تسمى جلطات هذه الجلطات إما أن تقلل من تدفق الدم أو تمنعه نهائياً يزيد تلف الشرايين من ارتفاع ضغط الدم كثيراً بالتالي يجعل القلب ينبض بقوة اكبر يؤدي تلف الشرايين وانخفاض تدفق الدم الى الاصابه بأمراض، مثل: السكتة الدماغية أو النوبة القلبية أو أمراض الكلى وفي معظم الحالات تكون أسباب مرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم غير معروفة ويسمى هذا النوع من ارتفاع ضغط الدم بارتفاع ضغط الدم الأولي أو ارتفاع ضغط الدم الأساسي علاج ارتفاع ضغط الدم يتضمن علاج ارتفاع ضغط الدم تغيير نمط الحياة مثل اتباع حمية غذائية صحية Indonesian: sel darah dapat menempel pada plak dan membentuk gumpalan padat, disebut pembekuan, makin lama mengurangi, atau benar-benar menghalangi, aliran darah Anda. Kerusakan arteri Anda meningkatkan tekanan darah Anda bahkan lebih dengan membuat jantung Anda berdetak lebih kuat. kerusakan arteri dan mengurangi aliran darah menyebabkan kondisi seperti: struk serangan jantung, atau penyakit ginjal. Dalam kebanyakan kasus, penyebab tekanan darah tinggi, atau hipertensi, tidak diketahui. Ini jenis tekanan darah tinggi adalah yang disebut primer, atau esensial, hipertensi. Pengobatan untuk hipertensi esensial termasuk perubahan gaya hidup, seperti makan makanan yang sehat. Vietnamese: Các tế bào máu có thể dính vào các mảng này và tạo thành khối, gọi là cục máu đông tiếp tục làm giảm, hoặc chặn hoàn toàn dòng máu Tổn thương thành mạch làm huyết áp tăng cao hơn do tim phải đập mạnh hơn Tổn thương động mạch và giảm cấp máu dẫn tới các tình trạng như đột quỵ đau tim hoặc bệnh thận Trong phần lớn các trường hợp, bệnh cao huyết áp thường không rõ nguyên nhân Dạng này gọi là cao huyết áp tiên phát, hoặc chủ yếu, chứng cao huyết áp Điều trị cap huyết áp tiên phát bao gồm thay đổi lối sống như ăn thực phẩm lành mạnh Spanish: Las células sanguíneas se pueden adherir a la placa y formar grumos sólidos, llamados trombos, reduciendo aún más, o bloqueando completamente tu flujo sanguíneo. El daño a tus arterias aumenta tu presión sanguínea aún más al obligar a que tu corazón lata con más fuerza. El daño arterial y la reducción del flujo sanguíneo llevan a condiciones como: un derrame, ataque al corazón, o enfermedad renal. En la mayoría de casos, la causa de la presión arterial alta, o hipertensión, es desconocida. Este tipo de presión arterial alta es llamada hipertensión primaria, o esencial. El tratamiento para la hipertensión esencial incluye cambios en el estilo de vida, como comer una dieta saludable. English: Blood cells can stick to the plaque and form solid clumps, called clots, further reducing, or completely blocking, your blood flow. Damage to your arteries raises your blood pressure even more by making your heart beat more forcefully. Artery damage and reduced blood flow lead to conditions such as: a stroke, heart attack, or kidney disease. In most cases, the cause of high blood pressure, or hypertension, is unknown. This type of high blood pressure is called primary, or essential, hypertension. Treatment for essential hypertension includes lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet. Russian: Клетки крови могут липнуть к бляшкам и формировать плотные клубки, или тромбы, которые уменьшают или совсем блокируют поток крови. Повреждение артерии повышает давление еще больше, заставляя сердце биться более сильнее. Повреждение артерии и уменьшение потока крови ведет к таким состояниям, как инсульт, сердечный приступ или почечная недостаточность. В большинстве случаев, причина высокого кровяного давления, или гипертонии, неизвестна. Этот тип высокого давления называется первичной, или эссенциальной гипертензией. Лечение эссенциальной гипертензии включает в себя изменения в укладе жизни, таких как здоровые диеты. Chinese: 血中的細胞會黏住血小板並且變成固態的團塊稱為血塊 會減少或是整個阻塞你的血流 損害你的血管提高你的血壓 讓你ˇ的心跳更加劇烈 血管的損壞和血流的減弱會演變成 中風 心臟梗塞 或是腎臟疾病 在大多數的案例中 高血壓發生都是不明原因 此類高血壓稱為首次高血壓 治療高血壓的方式包含生活型態的改變 例如吃健康的飲食 Vietnamese: Nếu bạn ăn mặn, bác sĩ sẽ khuyên bạn hạn chế ăn muối và đồ ăn nhanh Natri trong muối làm cơ thể giữ lại nước, điều đó làm tăng cả khối lượng tuần hoàn và huyết áp Những thay đổi về lối sống khác góp phần làm giảm huyết áp gồm tránh uống nhiều rượu tập thể dục đều đặn giảm cân nếu bạn đang thừa cân và bỏ hút thuốc lá Bác sĩ có thể khuyên bạn dùng một số thuốc có tác động lên thận, mạch máu hoặc tim để làm giảm huyết áp Indonesian: Jika Anda sensitif terhadap natrium pada garam, dokter mungkin menyarankan untuk membatasi asupan garam dan makanan yang diproses. Sodium dapat menyebabkan tubuh Anda untuk menyimpan air, yang meningkatkan baik volume darah dan tekanan darah Anda. Perubahan gaya hidup lain yang dapat mengurangi tekanan darah adalah menghindari asupan alkohol yang berlebihan; berolahraga secara teratur; menurunkan berat badan, jika Anda kelebihan berat badan; dan berhenti merokok. Dokter mungkin juga merekomendasikan obat yang bertindak atas ginjal Anda, pembuluh darah, atau jantung untuk membantu mengurangi tekanan darah Anda. Obat Diuretik, biasa disebut pil air, English: If you are sensitive to the sodium in salt, your doctor may recommend limiting your intake of salt and highly processed foods. Sodium may cause your body to retain water, which increases both your blood volume and your blood pressure. Other lifestyle changes that can reduce blood pressure include avoiding excessive alcohol intake; getting regular exercise; losing weight, if you are overweight; and quitting smoking. Your doctor may also recommend medications that act on your kidneys, blood vessels, or heart to help reduce your blood pressure. Diuretics, commonly called water pills, Russian: Если вы чувствительны к натрию в соли, то ваш доктор может порекомендовать вам ограничить употребление соли и полуфабрикатов. Натрии может быть причиной задерживания воды организмом, что увеличит как объем крови, так и ее давление. И другие изменения в жизни могут уменьшить кровяное давление, например, отказ от чрезмерного употребления алкоголя, регулярные упражнения, Похудание, если у вас избыток веса, и отказ от курения. Доктор также может порекомендовать препараты, оказывающие влияние на почки, сосуды крови или сердце, помогающие снижать кровяное давление. Диуретики, обычно называемые мочегонным средством, Spanish: Si eres sensible al sodio de la sal, tu doctor puede recomendar limitar tu consumo de sal y comidas altamente procesadas. El sodio puede hacer que tu cuerpo retenga líquido, lo que aumenta tu volúmen de sangre y tu presión arterial. Otros cambios en estilo de vida que pueden reducir la presión arterial incluyen evitar el consumo excesivo de alcohol; ejercitarse regularmente; perder peso, si tienes sobrepeso; y dejar de fumar. Tu doctor también puede recomendar medicamentos que actúan en tus riñones. vasos sanguíneos o corazón para ayudar a reucir tu presión sanguínea. Los diuréticos, llamados comúnmente pastillas de agua, Chinese: 如果你對鹽巴比較敏感 妳的醫生會建議你要減低鹽的攝取量 和加工食品的攝取 鈉的攝取會導致你的身體水分停滯 會增加你的血液數量和血壓的增高 另外生活型態的改變也可以減低血壓 包括避免酒精過度的攝取 規律的運動 如果你過重的話 減少體重 並且戒菸 你的醫生也會建議一些醫療方式 針對你的腎臟 血管 或是心臟 來幫助你減低你的血壓 利尿劑一般稱為水錠 Portuguese: Se você é sensível ao sódio no sal, o médico pode recomendar limitar o seu consumo de sal e alimentos altamente processados. O sódio pode causar em seu corpo a retenção de água, o que induz o aumento tanto do volume de sangue e sua pressão arterial. outras mudanças no estilo de vida que pode reduzir a pressão sanguínea inclui evitar o consumo excessivo de álcool; a prática regular de exercícios; perda de peso, se caso você estiver com sobrepeso; e deixar de fumar. O seu doutor também pode recomendar medicamentos que atuam sobre os seus rins, seus vasos sanguíneos, ou seu coração para ajudar a reduzir a pressão. Diureticos, comumente chamados de pilulas d'água, Arabic: فاذا كان المريض يعاني من حساسية تجاه الصوديوم في الملح قد يوصي الطبيب على التقليل من تناول الملح والأغذيه المصنعة قد يتسبب الصوديوم باحتباس الماء في الجسم وبالتالي يؤدي الى زيادة كل من حجم وضغط الدم ومن ضمن التغييرات في نمط الحياة والتي قد تساعد في خفض ضغط الدم تجنب الإفراط في شرب الكحول ممارسة التمارين الرياضية بانتظام فقدان الوزن، إذا كان الشخص سميناً والإقلاع عن التدخين وقد يوصي الطبيب أيضا بالأدوية التي تؤثر على الكليتين أو الأوعية الدموية أو القلب للمساعدة في خفض ضغط الدم مثل مدرات البول وتسمى عادة في اللغة الإنجليزية (water pills) Spanish: hacen que tus riñones expulsen más sal y agua desde tu sangre hasta tu orina, lo cual reduce el volumen de sangre y la presión. Los Beta-bloqueadores reducen la carga de trabajo de tu corazón al disminuir la frecuencia de tus latidos y la fuerza de las contracciones de tu corazón. Vario tipos de drogas actúan directa o indirectamente para reducir tu presión sanguínea al relajar tus vasos sanguíneos, lo cual aumenta su diámetro. Estas drogas incluyen inhibidores ECA, bloqueadores del receptor de angiotensina, bloqueadores de los canales de calcio, y vasodilatadores de acción directa. Indonesian: menyebabkan ginjal untuk mengeluarkan lebih banyak garam dan air dari darah ke dalam urin Anda, yang mengurangi volume darah dan tekanan. Beta-blocker mengurangi beban kerja pada jantung Anda dengan menurunkan kedua tingkat detak jantung Anda dan kekuatan kontraksi jantung Anda. Beberapa jenis obat bertindak langsung atau tidak langsung untuk mengurangi tekanan darah Anda dengan merelaksasi pembuluh darah Anda, yang meningkatkan diameter mereka. Obat ini termasuk ACE inhibitor, angiotensin II receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, dan langsung bertindak vasodilator. Russian: заставляют почки перегонять больше соли и воды из крови в мочу, что уменьшает объем крови и давление. Бета-адреноблокаторы уменьшают объем работы сердца, снижая и темп сердцебиения, и силу сокращении сердца. Несколько типов медикаментов прямо или косвенно снижают кровяное давление расслабляя сосуды крови, что увеличивает их в диаметре. Среди них ингибиторы АПФ, ангиотензин II, антагонисты кальция, и вазодилататоры прямого действия. Chinese: 可以讓你的腎臟藉由尿液排除血液中多餘的鹽分和水分 這可以減少你的血液數量和降低血壓 Beta-blockers 可以降低你的心臟負荷 藉由減少心跳的頻率 以及增加你的心臟收縮 有幾種藥物可以直接或是間接的降低你的血壓 放鬆你的血管 擴張血管 這些藥物包含 ACE inhibitors angiotensin II receptor blockers calcium channel blockers 還有血管擴張劑 Vietnamese: Thuốc lợi niệu, thường gọi là thuốc nước làm thận của bạn thải nhiều muối khoáng và nước trong máu qua nước tiếu làm giảm cả khối lượng tuần hoàn và huyết áp Thuốc chẹn B làm giảm hoạt động của tim bằng cách giảm cả tần số tim và sức co bóp của tim Một số dạng thuốc tác động trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp làm giảm huyết áp bằng cách làm giãn mạch, tăng đường kính lòng mạch Các thuốc này gồm thuốc ức chế men chuyển thuốc ức chế angiotensin II thuốc chẹn kênh canxi và thuốc giãn mạch trực tiếp Portuguese: permite com que seus rins expulsem mais sal e água do seu corpo a sua urina, que reduz o volume sanguíneo e a pressão. Os beta bloqueadores que reduz a carga de trabalho em seu coração diminuindo tanto da frequência do batimento cardíaco, quanto as forças das contrações do seu coração. muitos tipos de drogas agem direta ou indiretamente para reduzir a pressão alta pelo relaxamento dos vasos sanguíneos, que inclui seu diâMETRO. Estas drogas inclui inibidores da ECA, bloqueadores de receptores de angiotensina II bloqueadores do canal de cálcio, e vasodilatadores de ação direta. English: cause your kidneys to move more salt and water from your blood into your urine, which reduces your blood volume and pressure. Beta-blockers reduce the workload on your heart by decreasing both the rate of your heartbeat and the strength of your heart's contractions. Several types of drugs act directly or indirectly to reduce your blood pressure by relaxing your blood vessels, which increases their diameter. These drugs include ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, and direct-acting vasodilators. Arabic: التي تساعد الكليتين في تمرير المزيد من الأملاح والماء من الدم إلى البول مما يقلل من حجم الدم وضغطه وحاصرات بيتا التي تقلل من العبء الملقى على القلب حيث تقلل كلاً من معدل نبضات القلب وقوة انقباضاته كما تعمل عدة أنواع من العقاقير على خفض ضغط الدم بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر حيث تقوم بإرخاء الأوعية الدموية وبالتالي يتوسع قطرها وتشمل هذه العقاقير مثبطات الأنزيم المحوِّل للأنجيوتنسين (ACE) و حاصرات مستقبل الأنجيوتنسين 2 و حاصرات قناة الكالسيوم وموسعات الأوعية الدموية ذات المفعول المباشر

What's up guys? Welcome to Day 3 of this 5 Days to Minimalism Challenge. This whole week, from Monday to Friday, we're going to be tidying through one area each day. Day 1 was your purse, Day 2 was your car, and now Day 3 is your digital space. You can choose what digital space to tidy through. You could choose your phone, your iPad, your desktop, your email inbox. It's up to you. Just pick one area and tidy through it as best as you can. This is a collaboration series with my friend Brittany from NaturallyThriftyMom, so make sure you check out her channel to see how well she's doing in this channel. And also: if you're going to be sharing this journey, make sure you remember to hashtag #5DaystoMinimalism and tag me and Brittany: @lavendaire and @naturallythriftymom. So let's get to it. Alright guys, welcome to my iPad. This is what it looks like right now. I feel like there are so many apps that I don't really use so today's a good day to declutter my digital space, so let's get started. In KonMari fashion, she tells you to take everything off the shelves, off the hanger, whatever. So we're going to take everything outside of the folders. I wonder how long this is going to take. So this-taking your apps out of their folders also shows you how many apps you really have, because folders do a good job of hiding things. Today we're going to reveal everything. Alright, so I think everything is outside of its folder now, except for my Apple apps that you can't delete or declutter, so I'm just going to keep it in that folder so I don't have to reorganize it later. So let's start from page 1. I'm just going to go through and delete the things that I don’t really use anymore. I love reading WebToons so we'll put this on the second page, or maybe the first page. You know what? Maybe I have too many pages. This is one, two, three, four, five, six? That's a lot of pages. I'm going to start moving things over back to this page. So maybe my last page will be the fun page where I keep my music and games. Now I'm going to go into the settings, and I'm going to turn off badges for things that just annoy me. So now let's check out my page. Settings has a badge app, but I don’t know if I can turn that off because it has to do with this software update that I need to do, but whatever. Alright, so did I do everything in my power to turn off badges? Let's see, let's check it out. Let's see what's here. Okay App Store. Can I turn off that badge? Can I do that? App Store, there you go. Badge app icon. Okay now let's check it out. Clean, except for the settings update. Clean, clean, clean. Actually, what I want to do, I don't think I'm done. I'm gonna put that over there, and because I can't turn off that badge, I'm going to move this to the second page so it doesn't bug me. And that way, it looks more symmetrical. So there's four rows here, four rows here, two rows here, two rows there, basically. Here we go. Now we're done. This is the first page, second page, third page, and the fourth page. And there are no badges and it makes me feel good, except for this Settings thing, that's annoying. Aside from that, I feel good about it. So we're done! Day 3: Check! Alright, I hope you liked today's digital declutter day, and I hope it really refreshed your space. Make sure you tune in tomorrow for Day 4 of our 5 Days to Minimalism Challenge. So I'll see you guys tomorrow. Bye!

STUART: OKAY. FINE WAY TO START A FRIDAY MORNING, YOUNG MAN. WE'LL TAKE THAT. JOHN LONSKI, THANK YOU, SIR. OKAY, LOOK, I'VE GOT TO GET BACK TO THE SAMANTHA BEE NONSENSE. DOESN'T SEEM TO BE -- SHE DOESN'T SEEM TO BE THAT SORRY FOR WHAT SHE SAID ABOUT IVANKA TRUMP. LARRY O'CONNOR IS WITH US WITH THE WASHINGTON TIMES. BIG PICTURE, LARRY, WHAT ON EARTH IS GOING ON WITH OUR PUBLIC DISCOURSE IN AMERICA WHEN THIS WOMAN DOES THIS? >> YEAH, IT'S FUNNY. THEY BLAMED PRESIDENT TRUMP, OF COURSE, FOR CREATING THIS CLIMATE OF ABSOLUTELY FAIRTY, BUT IF YOU LOOK AT -- VULGARITY, BUT IF YOU LOOK AT THE LEFT, THEY'VE BECOME EVERYTHING THEY HATE ABOUT HIM AND THEN SOME TIMES ONE HUNDRED. LOST IN THE SHUFFLE OF SAMANTHA BEE'S VILE USE OF THAT ABHORRENT WORD THAT WE JUST CAN'T REPEAT HERE IS ALSO THE SUGGESTION IN THAT MONOLOGUE THAT IVANKA TRUMP IS IN SOME BIZARRE INCESTUOUS RELATIONSHIP WITH HER FATHER. SHE STILL KEEPS HER JOB, STUART. STUART: I JUST GET THE IMPRESSION THAT IF YOU'RE ON THE LEFT, YOU CAN SAY JUST ABOUT ANYTHING YOU LIKE, CERTAINLY ABOUT PRESIDENT TRUMP, AND YOU CAN GET AWAY WITH IT WITH A MODEST SLAP ON THE WRIST. THAT'S ALL THAT HAPPENS -- >> THAT'S THE IMPRESSION. STUART: YOU'RE ON THE RIGHT, YOU'RE DEAD, YOU'RE FINISHED FOREVER. >> THAT SEEMS TO BE THE IMPRESSION. IT'S THIS UNDERLYING FEELING THAT THERE ISN'T EQUAL JUSTICE HERE. IF YOU'RE ON THE CORRECT SIDE OF THE IMPORTANT ISSUES LIKE GUN CONTROL OR ABORTION, YEAH, YOU GET A PASS. YOU GET TO PRETEND THAT YOU'RE SORRY. SHE PUT OUT AN UNEQUIVOCAL APOLOGY, AND HOURS LATER SHE WAS RECEIVING AN AWARD, AND SHE DIDN'T SOUND REGRETFUL. SHE WAS INDUG SIGNIFICANT, SHE WAS DEFIANT, SHE'S NOT SORRY. BEING ON THE LEFT MEANS YOU NEVER HAVE TO PAY THE PRICE. >> FILMMAKER MICHAEL MOORE TWEETED OUT THAT HE THOUGHT SAMANTHA BEE'S ROUTINE WAS BRILLIANT AGAINST -- STUART: AND SALLY FIELD HAS DOUBLE DOWN AS WELL. LAST WORD TO YOU, LARRY. >> LISTEN, I UNDERSTAND YOUR IMPULSE TO SAY FIRE HER NOW, I DO, I GET THAT. MY PRINCIPLES TELL METAHOW ABOUT WE HAVE A FREE -- ME THAT HOW ABOUT WE HAVE A FREE MARKET OF IDEAS, LET EVERYONE SAY WHAT THEY WANT, IF IT'S ABHORRENT, IF IT'S OFFENSIVE, IF YOU DISGUST YOUR AUDIENCE, YOU'RE GOING TO BE OUT OF WORK EVENTUALLY ANYWAY. LET'S NOT START FIRING EVERYBODY AND THROWING SPEARS AT EACH OTHER. STUART: THE VOICE OF REASON ON A FRIDAY MORNING, LARRY -- >> I DON'T THINK I'VE EVER BEEN

AND AND I AND I AM AND I AM LIVE AND I AM LIVE ON AND I AM LIVE ON FACEBOOK FACEBOOK FACEBOOK IF FACEBOOK IF YOU FACEBOOK IF YOU WANT FACEBOOK IF YOU WANT TO FACEBOOK IF YOU WANT TO JUP FACEBOOK IF YOU WANT TO JUP IN IF YOU WANT TO JUP IN IF YOU WANT TO JUP IN AND IF YOU WANT TO JUP IN AND SAY IF YOU WANT TO JUP IN AND SAY GOOD IF YOU WANT TO JUP IN AND SAY GOOD MORNING. AND SAY GOOD MORNING. AND SAY GOOD MORNING. I I I WOULD I WOULD LOVE I WOULD LOVE TO I WOULD LOVE TO TALK I WOULD LOVE TO TALK TO WOULD LOVE TO TALK TO WOULD LOVE TO TALK TO YOU WOULD LOVE TO TALK TO YOU GUYS. YOU GUYS. YOU GUYS. I YOU GUYS. I MENTIONED YOU GUYS. I MENTIONED AT YOU GUYS. 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IF YOU HAVE EVER TAKEN A IF YOU HAVE EVER TAKEN A IF YOU HAVE EVER TAKEN A PICTURE IF YOU HAVE EVER TAKEN A PICTURE OR PICTURE OR PICTURE OR USED PICTURE OR USED SOCIAL PICTURE OR USED SOCIAL MEDIA PICTURE OR USED SOCIAL MEDIA OR USED SOCIAL MEDIA OR USED SOCIAL MEDIA OR ANYTHING USED SOCIAL MEDIA OR ANYTHING LIKE USED SOCIAL MEDIA OR ANYTHING LIKE THAT USED SOCIAL MEDIA OR ANYTHING LIKE THAT AND ANYTHING LIKE THAT AND ANYTHING LIKE THAT AND USED ANYTHING LIKE THAT AND USED A USED A USED A FILTER, USED A FILTER, WHY USED A FILTER, WHY DO USED A FILTER, WHY DO YOU USED A FILTER, WHY DO YOU USE USED A FILTER, WHY DO YOU USE A FILTER, WHY DO YOU USE A FILTER, WHY DO YOU USE A FILTER? FILTER? FILTER? WE FILTER? WE ALL FILTER? WE ALL DO FILTER? WE ALL DO IT. WE ALL DO IT. WE ALL DO IT. IT IT IT GIVES IT GIVES YOU IT GIVES YOU THAT IT GIVES YOU THAT NICE GIVES YOU THAT NICE GIVES YOU THAT NICE PHOTO GIVES YOU THAT NICE PHOTO FINISH GIVES YOU THAT NICE PHOTO FINISH SOFT GIVES YOU THAT NICE PHOTO FINISH SOFT LOOK PHOTO FINISH SOFT LOOK PHOTO FINISH SOFT LOOK WHERE WHERE WHERE EVERYTHING WHERE EVERYTHING LOOKS WHERE EVERYTHING LOOKS BLEMISH EVERYTHING LOOKS BLEMISH EVERYTHING LOOKS BLEMISH FREE EVERYTHING LOOKS BLEMISH FREE AND EVERYTHING LOOKS BLEMISH FREE AND SMOOTH. FREE AND SMOOTH. FREE AND SMOOTH. THIS FREE AND SMOOTH. THIS IS THIS IS THIS IS THAT THIS IS THAT JAR. THAT JAR. THAT JAR. LOOK THAT JAR. LOOK AT THAT JAR. LOOK AT THE THAT JAR. LOOK AT THE BEFORE THAT JAR. LOOK AT THE BEFORE AND LOOK AT THE BEFORE AND LOOK AT THE BEFORE AND AFTER. AFTER. AFTER. LOOK AFTER. LOOK AT LOOK AT LOOK AT ALL LOOK AT ALL THE LOOK AT ALL THE LINES LOOK AT ALL THE LINES AROUND LOOK AT ALL THE LINES AROUND THE ALL THE LINES AROUND THE ALL THE LINES AROUND THE EYES ALL THE LINES AROUND THE EYES AND ALL THE LINES AROUND THE EYES AND THE ALL THE LINES AROUND THE EYES AND THE BRIGHTNESS. EYES AND THE BRIGHTNESS. THIS THIS IS THIS IS HYDRATING. THIS IS HYDRATING. PLUMPING. PLUMPING. PLUMPING. NO PLUMPING. NO WHITE PLUMPING. NO WHITE CHALKY PLUMPING. NO WHITE CHALKY LOOK. NO WHITE CHALKY LOOK. NO WHITE CHALKY LOOK. AUTOSHIP NO WHITE CHALKY LOOK. AUTOSHIP MEANS NO WHITE CHALKY LOOK. AUTOSHIP MEANS YOU NO WHITE CHALKY LOOK. AUTOSHIP MEANS YOU WILL AUTOSHIP MEANS YOU WILL AUTOSHIP MEANS YOU WILL LOCK AUTOSHIP MEANS YOU WILL LOCK IN AUTOSHIP MEANS YOU WILL LOCK IN THE LOCK IN THE LOCK IN THE PRICE. PRICE. PRICE. YOU PRICE. YOU CAN PRICE. YOU CAN CANCEL PRICE. YOU CAN CANCEL AT PRICE. YOU CAN CANCEL AT ANY YOU CAN CANCEL AT ANY YOU CAN CANCEL AT ANY TIME. TIME. TIME. YOU TIME. YOU WILL TIME. YOU WILL LOCK YOU WILL LOCK YOU WILL LOCK IN YOU WILL LOCK IN THE YOU WILL LOCK IN THE PRICE. IN THE PRICE. IN THE PRICE. AND IN THE PRICE. AND WITH IN THE PRICE. AND WITH AUTOSHIP, IN THE PRICE. AND WITH AUTOSHIP, I IN THE PRICE. AND WITH AUTOSHIP, I HAVE IN THE PRICE. AND WITH AUTOSHIP, I HAVE LESS AND WITH AUTOSHIP, I HAVE LESS AND WITH AUTOSHIP, I HAVE LESS THE THE THE 400 THE 400 AVAILABLE THE 400 AVAILABLE FOR THE 400 AVAILABLE FOR EVERYONE. 400 AVAILABLE FOR EVERYONE. 400 AVAILABLE FOR EVERYONE. AS 400 AVAILABLE FOR EVERYONE. AS SOON 400 AVAILABLE FOR EVERYONE. AS SOON AS 400 AVAILABLE FOR EVERYONE. AS SOON AS WE SUCH SUCH A SUCH A CLEVER SUCH A CLEVER SKIN SUCH A CLEVER SKIN PERFECTER. SKIN PERFECTER. SKIN PERFECTER. AT SKIN PERFECTER. AT THE SKIN PERFECTER. AT THE SAME SKIN PERFECTER. AT THE SAME TIME, SKIN PERFECTER. AT THE SAME TIME, IT SKIN PERFECTER. AT THE SAME TIME, IT IS AT THE SAME TIME, IT IS AT THE SAME TIME, IT IS TIGHTENING TIGHTENING TIGHTENING AND TIGHTENING AND BRIGHTENING TIGHTENING AND BRIGHTENING AND AND BRIGHTENING AND AND BRIGHTENING AND ATTACKING AND BRIGHTENING AND ATTACKING THE AND BRIGHTENING AND ATTACKING THE APPEARANCE ATTACKING THE APPEARANCE ATTACKING THE APPEARANCE OF OF OF LINES OF LINES AND OF LINES AND WRINKLES. LINES AND WRINKLES. LINES AND WRINKLES. IT LINES AND WRINKLES. IT IS LINES AND WRINKLES. IT IS PLUMPING. IT IS PLUMPING. IT IS PLUMPING. IT IT IS PLUMPING. IT HAS IT HAS IT HAS HYALURONIC IT HAS HYALURONIC ACID. HYALURONIC ACID. HYALURONIC ACID. YOU HYALURONIC ACID. YOU CAN HYALURONIC ACID. YOU CAN USE HYALURONIC ACID. YOU CAN USE IT HYALURONIC ACID. YOU CAN USE IT WITH HYALURONIC ACID. YOU CAN USE IT WITH ANY YOU CAN USE IT WITH ANY YOU CAN USE IT WITH ANY OTHER OTHER OTHER SKINCARE. SKINCARE. SKINCARE. I SKINCARE. I PROMISE SKINCARE. I PROMISE THAT SKINCARE. I PROMISE THAT ONE SKINCARE. I PROMISE THAT ONE SWOOP I PROMISE THAT ONE SWOOP I PROMISE THAT ONE SWOOP OF I PROMISE THAT ONE SWOOP OF YOUR I PROMISE THAT ONE SWOOP OF YOUR HAND I PROMISE THAT ONE SWOOP OF YOUR HAND AND OF YOUR HAND AND OF YOUR HAND AND YOU OF YOUR HAND AND YOU LOOK OF YOUR HAND AND YOU LOOK PERFECT. YOU LOOK PERFECT. YOU LOOK PERFECT. LOOKING YOU LOOK PERFECT. LOOKING AT YOU LOOK PERFECT. LOOKING AT NANCY. LOOKING AT NANCY. LOOKING AT NANCY. IT LOOKING AT NANCY. IT IS LOOKING AT NANCY. IT IS ONE IT IS ONE IT IS ONE SIDE. SIDE. SIDE. SMOOTH SIDE. SMOOTH IT SIDE. SMOOTH IT IN. SMOOTH IT IN. SMOOTH IT IN. AS SMOOTH IT IN. AS WE SMOOTH IT IN. AS WE LOOK SMOOTH IT IN. AS WE LOOK CLOSER SMOOTH IT IN. AS WE LOOK CLOSER IN, SMOOTH IT IN. AS WE LOOK CLOSER IN, I AS WE LOOK CLOSER IN, I AS WE LOOK CLOSER IN, I WANT WANT WANT TO WANT TO POINT WANT TO POINT OUT WANT TO POINT OUT TO WANT TO POINT OUT TO YOU WANT TO POINT OUT TO YOU THAT TO POINT OUT TO YOU THAT TO POINT OUT TO YOU THAT NANCY TO POINT OUT TO YOU THAT NANCY IS TO POINT OUT TO YOU THAT NANCY IS 76. NANCY IS 76. NANCY IS 76. SHE NANCY IS 76. SHE HAS NANCY IS 76. SHE HAS HER SHE HAS HER SHE HAS HER EYE SHE HAS HER EYE MAKEUP SHE HAS HER EYE MAKEUP ON SHE HAS HER EYE MAKEUP ON AND SHE HAS HER EYE MAKEUP ON AND HER EYE MAKEUP ON AND HER EYE MAKEUP ON AND HER LIP EYE MAKEUP ON AND HER LIP MAKEUP EYE MAKEUP ON AND HER LIP MAKEUP ON. LIP MAKEUP ON. LIP MAKEUP ON. AND LIP MAKEUP ON. AND A LIP MAKEUP ON. AND A LOOK LIP MAKEUP ON. AND A LOOK AT AND A LOOK AT AND A LOOK AT THE AND A LOOK AT THE SIDE AND A LOOK AT THE SIDE WITHOUT. THE SIDE WITHOUT. THE SIDE WITHOUT. AROUND THE SIDE WITHOUT. AROUND THE THE SIDE WITHOUT. AROUND THE EYE THE SIDE WITHOUT. AROUND THE EYE AREA. AROUND THE EYE AREA. AROUND THE EYE AREA. IT AROUND THE EYE AREA. IT IS AROUND THE EYE AREA. IT IS NOT IT IS NOT IT IS NOT JUST IT IS NOT JUST ONE IT IS NOT JUST ONE LINE IT IS NOT JUST ONE LINE OR IT IS NOT JUST ONE LINE OR WRINKLE JUST ONE LINE OR WRINKLE JUST ONE LINE OR WRINKLE BUT JUST ONE LINE OR WRINKLE BUT THE JUST ONE LINE OR WRINKLE BUT THE WHOLE JUST ONE LINE OR WRINKLE BUT THE WHOLE AREA. BUT THE WHOLE AREA. BUT THE WHOLE AREA. LOOK LOOK LOOK AT LOOK AT HOW LOOK AT HOW SMOOTH LOOK AT HOW SMOOTH HER LOOK AT HOW SMOOTH HER FOR AT HOW SMOOTH HER FOR AT HOW SMOOTH HER FOR HAS AT HOW SMOOTH HER FOR HAS IS. HAS IS. HAS IS. LOOK HAS IS. LOOK AT HAS IS. LOOK AT THE HAS IS. LOOK AT THE CHEEKS. LOOK AT THE CHEEKS. LOOK AT THE CHEEKS. LOOK LOOK AT THE CHEEKS. LOOK ON LOOK AT THE CHEEKS. LOOK ON ONE LOOK AT THE CHEEKS. LOOK ON ONE SIDE. LOOK ON ONE SIDE. LOOK ON ONE SIDE. THAT LOOK ON ONE SIDE. THAT IS LOOK ON ONE SIDE. THAT IS HOW LOOK ON ONE SIDE. THAT IS HOW CLEVER LOOK ON ONE SIDE. THAT IS HOW CLEVER THIS THAT IS HOW CLEVER THIS THAT IS HOW CLEVER THIS IS. IS. IS. AND AND AND THEN AND THEN AS AND THEN AS WE AND THEN AS WE BRING AND THEN AS WE BRING IN AND THEN AS WE BRING IN AND THEN AS WE BRING IN AND THEN AS WE BRING IN AND CLOSE THEN AS WE BRING IN AND CLOSE THERE, THEN AS WE BRING IN AND CLOSE THERE, YOU THEN AS WE BRING IN AND CLOSE THERE, YOU CAN THEN AS WE BRING IN AND CLOSE THERE, YOU CAN SEE CLOSE THERE, YOU CAN SEE CLOSE THERE, YOU CAN SEE UNDERNEATH, CLOSE THERE, YOU CAN SEE UNDERNEATH, THE UNDERNEATH, THE UNDERNEATH, THE DIFFERENCE. DIFFERENCE. DIFFERENCE. SO DIFFERENCE. SO YOU DIFFERENCE. SO YOU PUT DIFFERENCE. SO YOU PUT IT DIFFERENCE. SO YOU PUT IT ON DIFFERENCE. SO YOU PUT IT ON AND DIFFERENCE. SO YOU PUT IT ON AND IN SO YOU PUT IT ON AND IN SO YOU PUT IT ON AND IN SECONDS, SO YOU PUT IT ON AND IN SECONDS, LOOK SO YOU PUT IT ON AND IN SECONDS, LOOK AT SO YOU PUT IT ON AND IN SECONDS, LOOK AT THE SECONDS, LOOK AT THE SECONDS, LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE. DIFFERENCE. DIFFERENCE. LOOK DIFFERENCE. LOOK AT DIFFERENCE. LOOK AT WHAT DIFFERENCE. LOOK AT WHAT CAN LOOK AT WHAT CAN LOOK AT WHAT CAN HAPPEN. HAPPEN. HAPPEN. >> HAPPEN. >> Host: HAPPEN. >> Host: WHEN HAPPEN. >> Host: WHEN WE HAPPEN. >> Host: WHEN WE LOOK >> Host: WHEN WE LOOK >> Host: WHEN WE LOOK AT >> Host: WHEN WE LOOK AT THE >> Host: WHEN WE LOOK AT THE BEFORE >> Host: WHEN WE LOOK AT THE BEFORE AND >> Host: WHEN WE LOOK AT THE BEFORE AND AFTER, AT THE BEFORE AND AFTER, AT THE BEFORE AND AFTER, IT'S AT THE BEFORE AND AFTER, IT'S NOT AT THE BEFORE AND AFTER, IT'S NOT LIKE AT THE BEFORE AND AFTER, IT'S NOT LIKE WE AT THE BEFORE AND AFTER, IT'S NOT LIKE WE DON'T IT'S NOT LIKE WE DON'T IT'S NOT LIKE WE DON'T WANT IT'S NOT LIKE WE DON'T WANT -- IT'S NOT LIKE WE DON'T WANT -- WE IT'S NOT LIKE WE DON'T WANT -- WE DON'T IT'S NOT LIKE WE DON'T WANT -- WE DON'T WHAT WANT -- WE DON'T WHAT WANT -- WE DON'T WHAT FAKE FAKE FAKE OR FAKE OR PLASTIC. OR PLASTIC. OR PLASTIC. WE OR PLASTIC. WE WANT OR PLASTIC. WE WANT TO OR PLASTIC. WE WANT TO LOOK OR PLASTIC. WE WANT TO LOOK LIKE WE WANT TO LOOK LIKE WE WANT TO LOOK LIKE OURSELVES WE WANT TO LOOK LIKE OURSELVES BUT WE WANT TO LOOK LIKE OURSELVES BUT WE OURSELVES BUT WE OURSELVES BUT WE WANT OURSELVES BUT WE WANT TO OURSELVES BUT WE WANT TO LOOK OURSELVES BUT WE WANT TO LOOK SOFTER. WANT TO LOOK SOFTER. WANT TO LOOK SOFTER. WE WANT TO LOOK SOFTER. WE WANT WANT TO LOOK SOFTER. WE WANT TO WANT TO LOOK SOFTER. WE WANT TO LOOK WANT TO LOOK SOFTER. WE WANT TO LOOK LIKE WE WANT TO LOOK LIKE WE WANT TO LOOK LIKE LIKE WE WANT TO LOOK LIKE LIKE A LIKE A LIKE A PHOTO LIKE A PHOTO FINISH LIKE A PHOTO FINISH WERE PHOTO FINISH WERE PHOTO FINISH WERE SOMEBODY PHOTO FINISH WERE SOMEBODY PUT PHOTO FINISH WERE SOMEBODY PUT A PHOTO FINISH WERE SOMEBODY PUT A GORGEOUS SOMEBODY PUT A GORGEOUS SOMEBODY PUT A GORGEOUS VIDEO SOMEBODY PUT A GORGEOUS VIDEO ON VIDEO ON VIDEO ON AND VIDEO ON AND IT VIDEO ON AND IT LOOKS VIDEO ON AND IT LOOKS BETTER. AND IT LOOKS BETTER. AND IT LOOKS BETTER. I AND IT LOOKS BETTER. I DID AND IT LOOKS BETTER. I DID IT AND IT LOOKS BETTER. I DID IT TO AND IT LOOKS BETTER. I DID IT TO MY AND IT LOOKS BETTER. I DID IT TO MY HAND. I DID IT TO MY HAND. I DID IT TO MY HAND. I I DID IT TO MY HAND. I WAS I WAS I WAS SAYING I WAS SAYING THAT I WAS SAYING THAT AMY I WAS SAYING THAT AMY LAUNCHED SAYING THAT AMY LAUNCHED SAYING THAT AMY LAUNCHED THIS SAYING THAT AMY LAUNCHED THIS WEDNESDAY SAYING THAT AMY LAUNCHED THIS WEDNESDAY NIGHT. THIS WEDNESDAY NIGHT. THIS WEDNESDAY NIGHT. AND AND AND WHEN AND WHEN AMY AND WHEN AMY DID AND WHEN AMY DID IT AND WHEN AMY DID IT ON AND WHEN AMY DID IT ON HER WHEN AMY DID IT ON HER WHEN AMY DID IT ON HER HAND WHEN AMY DID IT ON HER HAND AND WHEN AMY DID IT ON HER HAND AND WE WHEN AMY DID IT ON HER HAND AND WE WERE WHEN AMY DID IT ON HER HAND AND WE WERE ABLE WHEN AMY DID IT ON HER HAND AND WE WERE ABLE TO HAND AND WE WERE ABLE TO HAND AND WE WERE ABLE TO SEE SEE SEE IT SEE IT LIVE, SEE IT LIVE, WE SEE IT LIVE, WE LOOKED SEE IT LIVE, WE LOOKED AT IT LIVE, WE LOOKED AT IT LIVE, WE LOOKED AT EACH IT LIVE, WE LOOKED AT EACH OTHER IT LIVE, WE LOOKED AT EACH OTHER AND IT LIVE, WE LOOKED AT EACH OTHER AND I IT LIVE, WE LOOKED AT EACH OTHER AND I WAS EACH OTHER AND I WAS EACH OTHER AND I WAS LIKE, LIKE, LIKE, THAT LIKE, THAT WAS LIKE, THAT WAS INSANE. THAT WAS INSANE. THAT WAS INSANE. I THAT WAS INSANE. I SAID, THAT WAS INSANE. I SAID, YOU THAT WAS INSANE. I SAID, YOU HAVE THAT WAS INSANE. I SAID, YOU HAVE TO THAT WAS INSANE. I SAID, YOU HAVE TO DO I SAID, YOU HAVE TO DO I SAID, YOU HAVE TO DO THE I SAID, YOU HAVE TO DO THE OTHER THE OTHER THE OTHER HAND. HAND. HAND. NOW HAND. NOW I'M HAND. NOW I'M GETTING HAND. NOW I'M GETTING TO HAND. NOW I'M GETTING TO DO NOW I'M GETTING TO DO NOW I'M GETTING TO DO IT. IT. IT. THIS IT. THIS IS IT. THIS IS THE IT. THIS IS THE BEFORE THIS IS THE BEFORE THIS IS THE BEFORE AND THIS IS THE BEFORE AND AFTER. AND AFTER. AND AFTER. GETTING AND AFTER. GETTING HYDRATING, GETTING HYDRATING, GETTING HYDRATING, PLUMPING. PLUMPING. PLUMPING. TAKING TAKING TAKING AWAY TAKING AWAY THE TAKING AWAY THE IMPERFECTIONS. AWAY THE IMPERFECTIONS. AWAY THE IMPERFECTIONS. IT AWAY THE IMPERFECTIONS. IT IS AWAY THE IMPERFECTIONS. IT IS NOT AWAY THE IMPERFECTIONS. IT IS NOT CHALKY. IT IS NOT CHALKY. IT IS NOT CHALKY. IT IT IS NOT CHALKY. IT IS IT IS IT IS NOT IT IS NOT WHITE. NOT WHITE. NOT WHITE. IT NOT WHITE. IT IS NOT WHITE. IT IS NOT NOT WHITE. IT IS NOT ONE NOT WHITE. IT IS NOT ONE OF NOT WHITE. IT IS NOT ONE OF THSE IT IS NOT ONE OF THSE IT IS NOT ONE OF THSE WHERE IT IS NOT ONE OF THSE WHERE YOU IT IS NOT ONE OF THSE WHERE YOU PUT IT IS NOT ONE OF THSE WHERE YOU PUT IT WHERE YOU PUT IT WHERE YOU PUT IT ON WHERE YOU PUT IT ON AND WHERE YOU PUT IT ON AND ALL WHERE YOU PUT IT ON AND ALL THE WHERE YOU PUT IT ON AND ALL THE SUDDEN ON AND ALL THE SUDDEN ON AND ALL THE SUDDEN YOU ON AND ALL THE SUDDEN YOU ARE ON AND ALL THE SUDDEN YOU ARE LIKE, ON AND ALL THE SUDDEN YOU ARE LIKE, WHAT ON AND ALL THE SUDDEN YOU ARE LIKE, WHAT DO ON AND ALL THE SUDDEN YOU ARE LIKE, WHAT DO I YOU ARE LIKE, WHAT DO I YOU ARE LIKE, WHAT DO I DO DO DO WITH DO WITH THIS? WITH THIS? WITH THIS? YOU WITH THIS? YOU CAN WITH THIS? YOU CAN PUT WITH THIS? YOU CAN PUT THIS WITH THIS? YOU CAN PUT THIS ON. YOU CAN PUT THIS ON. YOU CAN PUT THIS ON. THE YOU CAN PUT THIS ON. THE FEEL YOU CAN PUT THIS ON. THE FEEL IS YOU CAN PUT THIS ON. THE FEEL IS LIKE THE FEEL IS LIKE THE FEEL IS LIKE SOMETHING THE FEEL IS LIKE SOMETHING YOU THE FEEL IS LIKE SOMETHING YOU HAVE THE FEEL IS LIKE SOMETHING YOU HAVE NEVER SOMETHING YOU HAVE NEVER SOMETHING YOU HAVE NEVER FELT SOMETHING YOU HAVE NEVER FELT BEFORE. FELT BEFORE. FELT BEFORE. WHEN FELT BEFORE. WHEN WE FELT BEFORE. WHEN WE ARE WHEN WE ARE WHEN WE ARE SAYING WHEN WE ARE SAYING THAT WHEN WE ARE SAYING THAT CATHY WHEN WE ARE SAYING THAT CATHY TOOK SAYING THAT CATHY TOOK SAYING THAT CATHY TOOK YEARS SAYING THAT CATHY TOOK YEARS TO SAYING THAT CATHY TOOK YEARS TO COME SAYING THAT CATHY TOOK YEARS TO COME UP SAYING THAT CATHY TOOK YEARS TO COME UP WITH YEARS TO COME UP WITH YEARS TO COME UP WITH THIS, THIS, THIS, IT THIS, IT WAS THIS, IT WAS BECAUSE THIS, IT WAS BECAUSE SHE IT WAS BECAUSE SHE IT WAS BECAUSE SHE WANTED IT WAS BECAUSE SHE WANTED TO IT WAS BECAUSE SHE WANTED TO DO IT WAS BECAUSE SHE WANTED TO DO IT WANTED TO DO IT WANTED TO DO IT ABSOLUTELY ABSOLUTELY ABSOLUTELY PERFECT ABSOLUTELY PERFECT FOR ABSOLUTELY PERFECT FOR US. PERFECT FOR US. PERFECT FOR US. THIS PERFECT FOR US. THIS IS PERFECT FOR US. THIS IS WHAT PERFECT FOR US. THIS IS WHAT SHE PERFECT FOR US. THIS IS WHAT SHE IS THIS IS WHAT SHE IS THIS IS WHAT SHE IS GIVING THIS IS WHAT SHE IS GIVING US. GIVING US. GIVING US. AND AND AND KATHY, AND KATHY, THANK AND KATHY, THANK YOU AND KATHY, THANK YOU FOR KATHY, THANK YOU FOR KATHY, THANK YOU FOR WANTING KATHY, THANK YOU FOR WANTING TO KATHY, THANK YOU FOR WANTING TO DO KATHY, THANK YOU FOR WANTING TO DO IT WANTING TO DO IT WANTING TO DO IT PERFECT. PERFECT. PERFECT. YOU YOU YOU BROUGHT YOU BROUGHT SOME YOU BROUGHT SOME OF YOU BROUGHT SOME OF THE BROUGHT SOME OF THE BROUGHT SOME OF THE GREATEST BROUGHT SOME OF THE GREATEST MINES BROUGHT SOME OF THE GREATEST MINES FROM BROUGHT SOME OF THE GREATEST MINES FROM SOME GREATEST MINES FROM SOME GREATEST MINES FROM SOME OF GREATEST MINES FROM SOME OF THE OF THE OF THE BIGGEST OF THE BIGGEST BEAUTY OF THE BIGGEST BEAUTY HOUSES OF THE BIGGEST BEAUTY HOUSES ON BIGGEST BEAUTY HOUSES ON BIGGEST BEAUTY HOUSES ON THE BIGGEST BEAUTY HOUSES ON THE WORLD BIGGEST BEAUTY HOUSES ON THE WORLD TO BIGGEST BEAUTY HOUSES ON THE WORLD TO MAKE BIGGEST BEAUTY HOUSES ON THE WORLD TO MAKE SURE THE WORLD TO MAKE SURE THE WORLD TO MAKE SURE WE WE WE ARE WE ARE PAYING WE ARE PAYING UNDER WE ARE PAYING UNDER $30 WE ARE PAYING UNDER $30 FOR ARE PAYING UNDER $30 FOR ARE PAYING UNDER $30 FOR THE ARE PAYING UNDER $30 FOR THE TYPES ARE PAYING UNDER $30 FOR THE TYPES OF ARE PAYING UNDER $30 FOR THE TYPES OF RESULTS ARE PAYING UNDER $30 FOR THE TYPES OF RESULTS YOU THE TYPES OF RESULTS YOU THE TYPES OF RESULTS YOU WOULD THE TYPES OF RESULTS YOU WOULD WANT THE TYPES OF RESULTS YOU WOULD WANT TO THE TYPES OF RESULTS YOU WOULD WANT TO PAY WOULD WANT TO PAY WOULD WANT TO PAY HUNDREDS WOULD WANT TO PAY HUNDREDS OF WOULD WANT TO PAY HUNDREDS OF DOLLARS WOULD WANT TO PAY HUNDREDS OF DOLLARS FOR. HUNDREDS OF DOLLARS FOR. HUNDREDS OF DOLLARS FOR. THAT HUNDREDS OF DOLLARS FOR. THAT IS THAT IS THAT IS WHAT THAT IS WHAT WE THAT IS WHAT WE WANT. WHAT WE WANT. WHAT WE WANT. LOOK WHAT WE WANT. LOOK AT WHAT WE WANT. LOOK AT THE WHAT WE WANT. LOOK AT THE WITH WHAT WE WANT. LOOK AT THE WITH AND LOOK AT THE WITH AND LOOK AT THE WITH AND WITHOUT. WITHOUT. WITHOUT. >> WITHOUT. >> Guest: WITHOUT. >> Guest: I WITHOUT. >> Guest: I KNOW. >> Guest: I KNOW. >> Guest: I KNOW. I >> Guest: I KNOW. I DON'T >> Guest: I KNOW. I DON'T KNOW >> Guest: I KNOW. I DON'T KNOW IF >> Guest: I KNOW. I DON'T KNOW IF YOU >> Guest: I KNOW. I DON'T KNOW IF YOU CAN I DON'T KNOW IF YOU CAN I DON'T KNOW IF YOU CAN SEE SEE SEE THIS. THIS. THIS. SHE THIS. SHE MAY THIS. SHE MAY BE THIS. SHE MAY BE SHARING THIS. SHE MAY BE SHARING HER SHE MAY BE SHARING HER SHE MAY BE SHARING HER AGE SHE MAY BE SHARING HER AGE AFTER. AGE AFTER. AGE AFTER. BUT AGE AFTER. BUT LOOK BUT LOOK BUT LOOK AT BUT LOOK AT THE BUT LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE. AT THE DIFFERENCE. AT THE DIFFERENCE. THIS AT THE DIFFERENCE. THIS GIVES AT THE DIFFERENCE. THIS GIVES YOU AT THE DIFFERENCE. THIS GIVES YOU AN THIS GIVES YOU AN THIS GIVES YOU AN INSTANT INSTANT INSTANT FILTERED INSTANT FILTERED FLAWLESS INSTANT FILTERED FLAWLESS LOOK. FILTERED FLAWLESS LOOK. FILTERED FLAWLESS LOOK. IT FILTERED FLAWLESS LOOK. IT HITS FILTERED FLAWLESS LOOK. IT HITS THE FILTERED FLAWLESS LOOK. IT HITS THE SKIN. IT HITS THE SKIN. IT HITS THE SKIN. THINK THINK THINK ABOUT THINK ABOUT THIS. ABOUT THIS. ABOUT THIS. WE ABOUT THIS. WE CANNOT ABOUT THIS. WE CANNOT RUN ABOUT THIS. WE CANNOT RUN TO ABOUT THIS. WE CANNOT RUN TO THE WE CANNOT RUN TO THE WE CANNOT RUN TO THE OFFICE WE CANNOT RUN TO THE OFFICE TO WE CANNOT RUN TO THE OFFICE TO GET WE CANNOT RUN TO THE OFFICE TO GET THAT OFFICE TO GET THAT OFFICE TO GET THAT PERFECT OFFICE TO GET THAT PERFECT SMOOTH OFFICE TO GET THAT PERFECT SMOOTH LOOK. PERFECT SMOOTH LOOK. PERFECT SMOOTH LOOK. SO PERFECT SMOOTH LOOK. SO THIS PERFECT SMOOTH LOOK. SO THIS IS PERFECT SMOOTH LOOK. SO THIS IS YOUR PERFECT SMOOTH LOOK. SO THIS IS YOUR OUT PERFECT SMOOTH LOOK. SO THIS IS YOUR OUT OF SO THIS IS YOUR OUT OF SO THIS IS YOUR OUT OF OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE SPACE. SPACE. SPACE. YOU SPACE. YOU CAN SPACE. YOU CAN POP SPACE. YOU CAN POP IT SPACE. YOU CAN POP IT ON. YOU CAN POP IT ON. YOU CAN POP IT ON. LOOK YOU CAN POP IT ON. LOOK AT YOU CAN POP IT ON. LOOK AT THE YOU CAN POP IT ON. LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE RIGHT LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE RIGHT AROUND LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE RIGHT AROUND HER LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE RIGHT AROUND HER EYE. RIGHT AROUND HER EYE. RIGHT AROUND HER EYE. LOOK RIGHT AROUND HER EYE. LOOK AROUND RIGHT AROUND HER EYE. LOOK AROUND THE RIGHT AROUND HER EYE. LOOK AROUND THE MOUTH, LOOK AROUND THE MOUTH, LOOK AROUND THE MOUTH, CHEEK CHEEK CHEEK AND CHEEK AND FOREHEAD. AND FOREHEAD. AND FOREHEAD. IF AND FOREHEAD. IF YOU AND FOREHEAD. IF YOU HAVE AND FOREHEAD. IF YOU HAVE THE AND FOREHEAD. IF YOU HAVE THE DEEP AND FOREHEAD. IF YOU HAVE THE DEEP FOR IF YOU HAVE THE DEEP FOR IF YOU HAVE THE DEEP FOR HEADLINES HEADLINES HEADLINES AND HEADLINES AND YOU HEADLINES AND YOU SAID, HEADLINES AND YOU SAID, I HEADLINES AND YOU SAID, I DON'T AND YOU SAID, I DON'T AND YOU SAID, I DON'T WANT AND YOU SAID, I DON'T WANT TO AND YOU SAID, I DON'T WANT TO GO AND YOU SAID, I DON'T WANT TO GO DOWN AND YOU SAID, I DON'T WANT TO GO DOWN THE AND YOU SAID, I DON'T WANT TO GO DOWN THE PATH WANT TO GO DOWN THE PATH WANT TO GO DOWN THE PATH OF OF OF RUNNING OF RUNNING TO OF RUNNING TO AN OF RUNNING TO AN OFFICE RUNNING TO AN OFFICE RUNNING TO AN OFFICE APPOINTMENT RUNNING TO AN OFFICE APPOINTMENT OR RUNNING TO AN OFFICE APPOINTMENT OR AROUND APPOINTMENT OR AROUND APPOINTMENT OR AROUND THE APPOINTMENT OR AROUND THE EYES, THE EYES, THE EYES, THEY THE EYES, THEY ARE THE EYES, THEY ARE GETTING THEY ARE GETTING THEY ARE GETTING WRINKLY. WRINKLY. WRINKLY. OR WRINKLY. OR YOU WRINKLY. OR YOU ARE WRINKLY. OR YOU ARE JUST WRINKLY. OR YOU ARE JUST LOOKING OR YOU ARE JUST LOOKING OR YOU ARE JUST LOOKING IN OR YOU ARE JUST LOOKING IN THE OR YOU ARE JUST LOOKING IN THE MIRROR OR YOU ARE JUST LOOKING IN THE MIRROR AND IN THE MIRROR AND IN THE MIRROR AND SAYING, IN THE MIRROR AND SAYING, I IN THE MIRROR AND SAYING, I DON'T IN THE MIRROR AND SAYING, I DON'T LOOK SAYING, I DON'T LOOK SAYING, I DON'T LOOK LIKE SAYING, I DON'T LOOK LIKE I SAYING, I DON'T LOOK LIKE I DID SAYING, I DON'T LOOK LIKE I DID 20 LIKE I DID 20 LIKE I DID 20 YEARS LIKE I DID 20 YEARS AGO. YEARS AGO. YEARS AGO. WHAT YEARS AGO. WHAT I YEARS AGO. WHAT I THINK YEARS AGO. WHAT I THINK IS YEARS AGO. WHAT I THINK IS EXCITING WHAT I THINK IS EXCITING WHAT I THINK IS EXCITING ABOUT WHAT I THINK IS EXCITING ABOUT THIS, WHAT I THINK IS EXCITING ABOUT THIS, AS ABOUT THIS, AS ABOUT THIS, AS YOU ABOUT THIS, AS YOU SAW, ABOUT THIS, AS YOU SAW, EVEN ABOUT THIS, AS YOU SAW, EVEN THE ABOUT THIS, AS YOU SAW, EVEN THE NOSE YOU SAW, EVEN THE NOSE YOU SAW, EVEN THE NOSE TO YOU SAW, EVEN THE NOSE TO MOUTH YOU SAW, EVEN THE NOSE TO MOUTH THEY YOU SAW, EVEN THE NOSE TO MOUTH THEY ARE YOU SAW, EVEN THE NOSE TO MOUTH THEY ARE DEEP TO MOUTH THEY ARE DEEP TO MOUTH THEY ARE DEEP AND AND AND STUBBORN. STUBBORN. STUBBORN. THAT STUBBORN. THAT LOOKS STUBBORN. THAT LOOKS LIKE STUBBORN. THAT LOOKS LIKE SHE STUBBORN. THAT LOOKS LIKE SHE HAD THAT LOOKS LIKE SHE HAD THAT LOOKS LIKE SHE HAD A THAT LOOKS LIKE SHE HAD A WHOLE THAT LOOKS LIKE SHE HAD A WHOLE OTHER A WHOLE OTHER A WHOLE OTHER APPOINTMENT A WHOLE OTHER APPOINTMENT SOMEWHERE APPOINTMENT SOMEWHERE APPOINTMENT SOMEWHERE AND APPOINTMENT SOMEWHERE AND IT APPOINTMENT SOMEWHERE AND IT WASN'T APPOINTMENT SOMEWHERE AND IT WASN'T WITH APPOINTMENT SOMEWHERE AND IT WASN'T WITH PRAI AND IT WASN'T WITH PRAI AND IT WASN'T WITH PRAI USING USING USING AGELESS. AGELESS. AGELESS. THAT AGELESS. THAT IS AGELESS. THAT IS HOW AGELESS. THAT IS HOW CLEVER AGELESS. THAT IS HOW CLEVER IT THAT IS HOW CLEVER IT THAT IS HOW CLEVER IT IS. IS. IS. IT IS. IT PUMPS IS. IT PUMPS AND IT PUMPS AND IT PUMPS AND FILTERS IT PUMPS AND FILTERS AND IT PUMPS AND FILTERS AND GIVES IT PUMPS AND FILTERS AND GIVES YOU FILTERS AND GIVES YOU FILTERS AND GIVES YOU THIS FILTERS AND GIVES YOU THIS IMMEDIATE FILTERS AND GIVES YOU THIS IMMEDIATE FLAWLESS THIS IMMEDIATE FLAWLESS THIS IMMEDIATE FLAWLESS PROTECTION. PROTECTION. PROTECTION. AND PROTECTION. AND IT PROTECTION. AND IT DOES PROTECTION. AND IT DOES THAT PROTECTION. AND IT DOES THAT USING PROTECTION. AND IT DOES THAT USING A AND IT DOES THAT USING A AND IT DOES THAT USING A MUSCLE MUSCLE MUSCLE RELAXANT. RELAXANT. RELAXANT. IT RELAXANT. IT RELAXES RELAXANT. IT RELAXES AND RELAXANT. IT RELAXES AND ATTACKS IT RELAXES AND ATTACKS IT RELAXES AND ATTACKS THE IT RELAXES AND ATTACKS THE AREA. THE AREA. THE AREA. AND AND AND THEN AND THEN IT AND THEN IT PLUMPS AND THEN IT PLUMPS THE AND THEN IT PLUMPS THE REST THEN IT PLUMPS THE REST THEN IT PLUMPS THE REST OF THEN IT PLUMPS THE REST OF THE THEN IT PLUMPS THE REST OF THE SKIN THEN IT PLUMPS THE REST OF THE SKIN OUT. OF THE SKIN OUT. OF THE SKIN OUT. I OF THE SKIN OUT. I THINK I THINK I THINK THAT I THINK THAT IS I THINK THAT IS WHY I THINK THAT IS WHY PEOPLE I THINK THAT IS WHY PEOPLE LOVE THAT IS WHY PEOPLE LOVE THAT IS WHY PEOPLE LOVE IT. IT. IT. IT IT. IT IS IT. IT IS INVISIBLE. IT IS INVISIBLE. IT IS INVISIBLE. IT IT IS INVISIBLE. IT IS IT IS IT IS NOT IT IS NOT WHITE IT IS NOT WHITE AND IT IS NOT WHITE AND CHALKY. NOT WHITE AND CHALKY. NOT WHITE AND CHALKY. AND NOT WHITE AND CHALKY. AND YOU NOT WHITE AND CHALKY. AND YOU JUST NOT WHITE AND CHALKY. AND YOU JUST SMOOTH NOT WHITE AND CHALKY. AND YOU JUST SMOOTH IT AND YOU JUST SMOOTH IT AND YOU JUST SMOOTH IT OVER. OVER. OVER. I OVER. I CAN OVER. I CAN SEE OVER. I CAN SEE IT OVER. I CAN SEE IT ON OVER. I CAN SEE IT ON MY OVER. I CAN SEE IT ON MY HAND. I CAN SEE IT ON MY HAND. I CAN SEE IT ON MY HAND. >> I CAN SEE IT ON MY HAND. >> Host: I CAN SEE IT ON MY HAND. >> Host: IT I CAN SEE IT ON MY HAND. >> Host: IT IS I CAN SEE IT ON MY HAND. >> Host: IT IS LIKE >> Host: IT IS LIKE >> Host: IT IS LIKE SOMETHING >> Host: IT IS LIKE SOMETHING I'VE >> Host: IT IS LIKE SOMETHING I'VE NEVER SOMETHING I'VE NEVER SOMETHING I'VE NEVER FELT FELT FELT BEFORE. BEFORE. BEFORE. IT BEFORE. IT IS BEFORE. IT IS THE BEFORE. IT IS THE NEW BEFORE. IT IS THE NEW STATE-OF- IT IS THE NEW STATE-OF- IT IS THE NEW STATE-OF- THE-ART IT IS THE NEW STATE-OF- THE-ART TECHNOLOGY THE-ART TECHNOLOGY THE-ART TECHNOLOGY COMING THE-ART TECHNOLOGY COMING FROM THE-ART TECHNOLOGY COMING FROM CATHY THE-ART TECHNOLOGY COMING FROM CATHY AND COMING FROM CATHY AND COMING FROM CATHY AND PRAI. PRAI. PRAI. THE PRAI. THE AUTOSHIP PRAI. THE AUTOSHIP IS PRAI. THE AUTOSHIP IS SO THE AUTOSHIP IS SO THE AUTOSHIP IS SO OUTSELLING THE AUTOSHIP IS SO OUTSELLING THE THE AUTOSHIP IS SO OUTSELLING THE SINGLE OUTSELLING THE SINGLE OUTSELLING THE SINGLE SHIP. SHIP. SHIP. YOU SHIP. YOU ARE SHIP. YOU ARE SO SHIP. YOU ARE SO SMART SHIP. YOU ARE SO SMART TO YOU ARE SO SMART TO YOU ARE SO SMART TO LOCK YOU ARE SO SMART TO LOCK THIS YOU ARE SO SMART TO LOCK THIS IN. LOCK THIS IN. LOCK THIS IN. WE LOCK THIS IN. WE HAVE LOCK THIS IN. WE HAVE LESS LOCK THIS IN. WE HAVE LESS THAN LOCK THIS IN. WE HAVE LESS THAN 300 WE HAVE LESS THAN 300 WE HAVE LESS THAN 300 AVAILABLE WE HAVE LESS THAN 300 AVAILABLE IN WE HAVE LESS THAN 300 AVAILABLE IN THE AVAILABLE IN THE AVAILABLE IN THE AUTOSHIP AVAILABLE IN THE AUTOSHIP OPTION. AUTOSHIP OPTION. AUTOSHIP OPTION. IF AUTOSHIP OPTION. IF THAT AUTOSHIP OPTION. IF THAT IS AUTOSHIP OPTION. IF THAT IS WHAT AUTOSHIP OPTION. IF THAT IS WHAT YOU AUTOSHIP OPTION. IF THAT IS WHAT YOU ARE IF THAT IS WHAT YOU ARE IF THAT IS WHAT YOU ARE WANTING IF THAT IS WHAT YOU ARE WANTING TO WANTING TO WANTING TO DO WANTING TO DO AND WANTING TO DO AND JOIN WANTING TO DO AND JOIN AND WANTING TO DO AND JOIN AND WITH WANTING TO DO AND JOIN AND WITH THE DO AND JOIN AND WITH THE DO AND JOIN AND WITH THE OTHER DO AND JOIN AND WITH THE OTHER LADIES DO AND JOIN AND WITH THE OTHER LADIES LOCKING OTHER LADIES LOCKING OTHER LADIES LOCKING THIS THIS THIS END, THIS END, DO THIS END, DO IT THIS END, DO IT NOW. END, DO IT NOW. END, DO IT NOW. 082-635 END, DO IT NOW. 082-635 IS END, DO IT NOW. 082-635 IS THE END, DO IT NOW. 082-635 IS THE ITEM 082-635 IS THE ITEM 082-635 IS THE ITEM NUMBER. NUMBER. NUMBER. WE WE WE JUST WE JUST LAUNCHED WE JUST LAUNCHED THIS JUST LAUNCHED THIS JUST LAUNCHED THIS WEDNESDAY. WEDNESDAY. WEDNESDAY. WE WEDNESDAY. WE JUST WEDNESDAY. WE JUST BROUGHT WEDNESDAY. WE JUST BROUGHT THIS WE JUST BROUGHT THIS WE JUST BROUGHT THIS WEDNESDAY WE JUST BROUGHT THIS WEDNESDAY FOR WE JUST BROUGHT THIS WEDNESDAY FOR BEAUTY WEDNESDAY FOR BEAUTY WEDNESDAY FOR BEAUTY REPORT. REPORT. REPORT. THIS REPORT. THIS IS REPORT. THIS IS THE REPORT. THIS IS THE FIRST REPORT. THIS IS THE FIRST TIME THIS IS THE FIRST TIME THIS IS THE FIRST TIME WE THIS IS THE FIRST TIME WE ARE THIS IS THE FIRST TIME WE ARE SEEING THIS IS THE FIRST TIME WE ARE SEEING IT THIS IS THE FIRST TIME WE ARE SEEING IT OUTSIDE WE ARE SEEING IT OUTSIDE WE ARE SEEING IT OUTSIDE OF WE ARE SEEING IT OUTSIDE OF BEAUTY WE ARE SEEING IT OUTSIDE OF BEAUTY REPORT. OF BEAUTY REPORT. OF BEAUTY REPORT. WHEN OF BEAUTY REPORT. WHEN WE WHEN WE WHEN WE WERE WHEN WE WERE THERE WHEN WE WERE THERE WEDNESDAY WERE THERE WEDNESDAY WERE THERE WEDNESDAY NIGHT, WERE THERE WEDNESDAY NIGHT, WE WERE THERE WEDNESDAY NIGHT, WE WERE WERE THERE WEDNESDAY NIGHT, WE WERE LOOKING NIGHT, WE WERE LOOKING NIGHT, WE WERE LOOKING AT NIGHT, WE WERE LOOKING AT EACH AT EACH AT EACH OTHER AT EACH OTHER AND AT EACH OTHER AND SAYING, AT EACH OTHER AND SAYING, WE OTHER AND SAYING, WE OTHER AND SAYING, WE COULD OTHER AND SAYING, WE COULD NOT OTHER AND SAYING, WE COULD NOT BELIEVE OTHER AND SAYING, WE COULD NOT BELIEVE IT. COULD NOT BELIEVE IT. COULD NOT BELIEVE IT. THIS COULD NOT BELIEVE IT. THIS IS THIS IS THIS IS RIGHT THIS IS RIGHT NOW. RIGHT NOW. RIGHT NOW. WE RIGHT NOW. WE ALL RIGHT NOW. WE ALL JUST RIGHT NOW. WE ALL JUST PUT RIGHT NOW. WE ALL JUST PUT IT RIGHT NOW. WE ALL JUST PUT IT ON. WE ALL JUST PUT IT ON. WE ALL JUST PUT IT ON. IT WE ALL JUST PUT IT ON. IT IS WE ALL JUST PUT IT ON. IT IS ON WE ALL JUST PUT IT ON. IT IS ON MY WE ALL JUST PUT IT ON. IT IS ON MY HAND IT IS ON MY HAND IT IS ON MY HAND RIGHT IT IS ON MY HAND RIGHT NOW. RIGHT NOW. RIGHT NOW. I RIGHT NOW. I WAS RIGHT NOW. I WAS PUTTING RIGHT NOW. I WAS PUTTING IT RIGHT NOW. I WAS PUTTING IT ON RIGHT NOW. I WAS PUTTING IT ON MY I WAS PUTTING IT ON MY I WAS PUTTING IT ON MY HAND I WAS PUTTING IT ON MY HAND AND I WAS PUTTING IT ON MY HAND AND IT I WAS PUTTING IT ON MY HAND AND IT GIVES HAND AND IT GIVES HAND AND IT GIVES YOU HAND AND IT GIVES YOU THIS HAND AND IT GIVES YOU THIS NICE HAND AND IT GIVES YOU THIS NICE FILTERED YOU THIS NICE FILTERED YOU THIS NICE FILTERED LOOK. LOOK. LOOK. IT LOOK. IT ALMOST LOOK. IT ALMOST LOOKS LOOK. IT ALMOST LOOKS LIKE IT ALMOST LOOKS LIKE IT ALMOST LOOKS LIKE -- IT ALMOST LOOKS LIKE -- I IT ALMOST LOOKS LIKE -- I DON'T IT ALMOST LOOKS LIKE -- I DON'T KNOW, IT ALMOST LOOKS LIKE -- I DON'T KNOW, WHAT -- I DON'T KNOW, WHAT -- I DON'T KNOW, WHAT FILTER -- I DON'T KNOW, WHAT FILTER IS -- I DON'T KNOW, WHAT FILTER IS THIS? FILTER IS THIS? FILTER IS THIS? IS FILTER IS THIS? IS GIVING IS GIVING IS GIVING YOU IS GIVING YOU YOU. YOU YOU. YOU YOU. WE YOU YOU. WE WANT YOU YOU. WE WANT TO YOU YOU. WE WANT TO LOOK YOU YOU. WE WANT TO LOOK LIKE WE WANT TO LOOK LIKE WE WANT TO LOOK LIKE OURSELVES WE WANT TO LOOK LIKE OURSELVES BUT WE WANT TO LOOK LIKE OURSELVES BUT WE WE WANT TO LOOK LIKE OURSELVES BUT WE WANT OURSELVES BUT WE WANT OURSELVES BUT WE WANT TO OURSELVES BUT WE WANT TO SMOOTH OURSELVES BUT WE WANT TO SMOOTH AND OURSELVES BUT WE WANT TO SMOOTH AND SOFTEN OURSELVES BUT WE WANT TO SMOOTH AND SOFTEN ALL TO SMOOTH AND SOFTEN ALL TO SMOOTH AND SOFTEN ALL THE TO SMOOTH AND SOFTEN ALL THE THINGS TO SMOOTH AND SOFTEN ALL THE THINGS ON TO SMOOTH AND SOFTEN ALL THE THINGS ON OUR TO SMOOTH AND SOFTEN ALL THE THINGS ON OUR SPACE THE THINGS ON OUR SPACE THE THINGS ON OUR SPACE THAT THE THINGS ON OUR SPACE THAT WE THE THINGS ON OUR SPACE THAT WE WANT THE THINGS ON OUR SPACE THAT WE WANT TO THE THINGS ON OUR SPACE THAT WE WANT TO DO. THAT WE WANT TO DO. THAT WE WANT TO DO. CATHY THAT WE WANT TO DO. CATHY WENT THAT WE WANT TO DO. CATHY WENT TO THAT WE WANT TO DO. CATHY WENT TO THE THAT WE WANT TO DO. CATHY WENT TO THE ENDS CATHY WENT TO THE ENDS CATHY WENT TO THE ENDS OF CATHY WENT TO THE ENDS OF THE OF THE OF THE EARTH OF THE EARTH TO OF THE EARTH TO MAKE OF THE EARTH TO MAKE SURE OF THE EARTH TO MAKE SURE SHE EARTH TO MAKE SURE SHE EARTH TO MAKE SURE SHE BROUGHT EARTH TO MAKE SURE SHE BROUGHT WHAT EARTH TO MAKE SURE SHE BROUGHT WHAT WAS EARTH TO MAKE SURE SHE BROUGHT WHAT WAS JUST BROUGHT WHAT WAS JUST BROUGHT WHAT WAS JUST RIGHT. RIGHT. RIGHT. SHE RIGHT. SHE WON'T RIGHT. SHE WON'T WORLD RIGHT. SHE WON'T WORLD LAUNCH SHE WON'T WORLD LAUNCH SHE WON'T WORLD LAUNCH ANYTHING SHE WON'T WORLD LAUNCH ANYTHING UNLESS SHE WON'T WORLD LAUNCH ANYTHING UNLESS IT SHE WON'T WORLD LAUNCH ANYTHING UNLESS IT IS ANYTHING UNLESS IT IS ANYTHING UNLESS IT IS DONE DONE DONE PERFECTLY. PERFECTLY. PERFECTLY. SO PERFECTLY. SO THANK PERFECTLY. SO THANK YOU PERFECTLY. SO THANK YOU FOR PERFECTLY. SO THANK YOU FOR TAKING SO THANK YOU FOR TAKING SO THANK YOU FOR TAKING THE SO THANK YOU FOR TAKING THE TIME SO THANK YOU FOR TAKING THE TIME TO SO THANK YOU FOR TAKING THE TIME TO MAKE THE TIME TO MAKE THE TIME TO MAKE SURE THE TIME TO MAKE SURE EVERYTHING THE TIME TO MAKE SURE EVERYTHING IS THE TIME TO MAKE SURE EVERYTHING IS DONE SURE EVERYTHING IS DONE SURE EVERYTHING IS DONE RIGHT. RIGHT. RIGHT. >> RIGHT. >> Guest: RIGHT. >> Guest: ISN'T RIGHT. >> Guest: ISN'T IT >> Guest: ISN'T IT >> Guest: ISN'T IT FANTASTIC!. FANTASTIC!. FANTASTIC!. WE FANTASTIC!. WE LOVE WE LOVE WE LOVE SOMETHING WE LOVE SOMETHING THAT WE LOVE SOMETHING THAT WE WE LOVE SOMETHING THAT WE CAN SOMETHING THAT WE CAN SOMETHING THAT WE CAN USE SOMETHING THAT WE CAN USE THAT SOMETHING THAT WE CAN USE THAT FEELS SOMETHING THAT WE CAN USE THAT FEELS GORGEOUS USE THAT FEELS GORGEOUS USE THAT FEELS GORGEOUS AND AND AND WORKS AND WORKS IMMEDIATELY AND WORKS IMMEDIATELY BUT WORKS IMMEDIATELY BUT WORKS IMMEDIATELY BUT DOESN'T WORKS IMMEDIATELY BUT DOESN'T JUST WORKS IMMEDIATELY BUT DOESN'T JUST WASH WORKS IMMEDIATELY BUT DOESN'T JUST WASH AWAY DOESN'T JUST WASH AWAY DOESN'T JUST WASH AWAY AFTER AFTER AFTER ONE AFTER ONE USE. ONE USE. ONE USE. BUT ONE USE. BUT IT ONE USE. BUT IT WILL ONE USE. BUT IT WILL BE BUT IT WILL BE BUT IT WILL BE CUMULATIVE BUT IT WILL BE CUMULATIVE AND BUT IT WILL BE CUMULATIVE AND KEEP CUMULATIVE AND KEEP CUMULATIVE AND KEEP WORKING. WORKING. WORKING. SO WORKING. SO IT WORKING. SO IT HAS WORKING. SO IT HAS THAT WORKING. SO IT HAS THAT INTENSE SO IT HAS THAT INTENSE SO IT HAS THAT INTENSE MUSCLE SO IT HAS THAT INTENSE MUSCLE RELAXANT. MUSCLE RELAXANT. MUSCLE RELAXANT. IT MUSCLE RELAXANT. IT HAS MUSCLE RELAXANT. IT HAS THE MUSCLE RELAXANT. IT HAS THE 202 IT HAS THE 202 IT HAS THE 202 TECHNOLOGY. TECHNOLOGY. TECHNOLOGY. IT TECHNOLOGY. IT IS TECHNOLOGY. IT IS FREEZING TECHNOLOGY. IT IS FREEZING AND TECHNOLOGY. IT IS FREEZING AND ICING IT IS FREEZING AND ICING IT IS FREEZING AND ICING AND IT IS FREEZING AND ICING AND BLURRING IT IS FREEZING AND ICING AND BLURRING AND AND BLURRING AND AND BLURRING AND FILTERING AND BLURRING AND FILTERING AND AND BLURRING AND FILTERING AND THEN AND BLURRING AND FILTERING AND THEN IT FILTERING AND THEN IT FILTERING AND THEN IT PLUMPS. PLUMPS. PLUMPS. SO SO SO AS SO AS WE SO AS WE LOOK SO AS WE LOOK AT SO AS WE LOOK AT THE SO AS WE LOOK AT THE MODELS AS WE LOOK AT THE MODELS AS WE LOOK AT THE MODELS , AS WE LOOK AT THE MODELS , A AS WE LOOK AT THE MODELS , A SOFTER AS WE LOOK AT THE MODELS , A SOFTER LOOK. , A SOFTER LOOK. , A SOFTER LOOK. NANCY , A SOFTER LOOK. NANCY IS NANCY IS NANCY IS 76. 76. 76. SHE 76. SHE HAS 76. SHE HAS HER 76. SHE HAS HER EYE 76. SHE HAS HER EYE MAKEUP SHE HAS HER EYE MAKEUP SHE HAS HER EYE MAKEUP AND SHE HAS HER EYE MAKEUP AND LIPSTICK SHE HAS HER EYE MAKEUP AND LIPSTICK ON. AND LIPSTICK ON. AND LIPSTICK ON. LOOK LOOK LOOK ON LOOK ON THE LOOK ON THE SIDE LOOK ON THE SIDE OF LOOK ON THE SIDE OF HER LOOK ON THE SIDE OF HER EYES. ON THE SIDE OF HER EYES. ON THE SIDE OF HER EYES. LOOK ON THE SIDE OF HER EYES. LOOK UNDER ON THE SIDE OF HER EYES. LOOK UNDER HER ON THE SIDE OF HER EYES. LOOK UNDER HER EYES. LOOK UNDER HER EYES. LOOK UNDER HER EYES. LOOK LOOK LOOK TO LOOK TO THE LOOK TO THE OTHER LOOK TO THE OTHER SIDE. TO THE OTHER SIDE. TO THE OTHER SIDE. LOOK TO THE OTHER SIDE. LOOK THE TO THE OTHER SIDE. LOOK THE NOSE TO THE OTHER SIDE. LOOK THE NOSE TO TO THE OTHER SIDE. LOOK THE NOSE TO MELT. LOOK THE NOSE TO MELT. LOOK THE NOSE TO MELT. THE THE THE SOFTENING THE SOFTENING ON THE SOFTENING ON THE SOFTENING ON THE SOFTENING ON THE BLURRING. BLURRING. BLURRING. LOOK BLURRING. LOOK AT BLURRING. LOOK AT THE BLURRING. LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE. LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE. LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE. I LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE. I KNOW LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE. I KNOW NANCY LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE. I KNOW NANCY LIPS LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE. I KNOW NANCY LIPS FOR I KNOW NANCY LIPS FOR I KNOW NANCY LIPS FOR HER I KNOW NANCY LIPS FOR HER FOREHEAD. HER FOREHEAD. HER FOREHEAD. THAT HER FOREHEAD. THAT IS HER FOREHEAD. THAT IS WHY HER FOREHEAD. THAT IS WHY SHE THAT IS WHY SHE THAT IS WHY SHE IS THAT IS WHY SHE IS AS THAT IS WHY SHE IS AS SMOOTH THAT IS WHY SHE IS AS SMOOTH AS THAT IS WHY SHE IS AS SMOOTH AS A THAT IS WHY SHE IS AS SMOOTH AS A BABY'S IS AS SMOOTH AS A BABY'S IS AS SMOOTH AS A BABY'S BOTTOM. BOTTOM. BOTTOM. IT BOTTOM. IT IS BOTTOM. IT IS SO BOTTOM. IT IS SO CLEVER. IT IS SO CLEVER. IT IS SO CLEVER. YOU IT IS SO CLEVER. YOU PUT IT IS SO CLEVER. YOU PUT IT IT IS SO CLEVER. YOU PUT IT ON IT IS SO CLEVER. YOU PUT IT ON AND IT IS SO CLEVER. YOU PUT IT ON AND YOU YOU PUT IT ON AND YOU YOU PUT IT ON AND YOU FEEL YOU PUT IT ON AND YOU FEEL IT YOU PUT IT ON AND YOU FEEL IT RIGHT YOU PUT IT ON AND YOU FEEL IT RIGHT AWAY. FEEL IT RIGHT AWAY. FEEL IT RIGHT AWAY. HER FEEL IT RIGHT AWAY. HER NOSE HER NOSE HER NOSE TO HER NOSE TO MOUTH HER NOSE TO MOUTH LIENS HER NOSE TO MOUTH LIENS AND TO MOUTH LIENS AND TO MOUTH LIENS AND AROUND TO MOUTH LIENS AND AROUND HER TO MOUTH LIENS AND AROUND HER EYES, TO MOUTH LIENS AND AROUND HER EYES, WERE AROUND HER EYES, WERE AROUND HER EYES, WERE USING AROUND HER EYES, WERE USING IT USING IT USING IT ALL USING IT ALL OVER. ALL OVER. ALL OVER. >> ALL OVER. >> Host: ALL OVER. >> Host: KYLE, ALL OVER. >> Host: KYLE, CAN ALL OVER. >> Host: KYLE, CAN YOU >> Host: KYLE, CAN YOU >> Host: KYLE, CAN YOU GIVE >> Host: KYLE, CAN YOU GIVE ME >> Host: KYLE, CAN YOU GIVE ME ONE >> Host: KYLE, CAN YOU GIVE ME ONE MORE >> Host: KYLE, CAN YOU GIVE ME ONE MORE COUNT GIVE ME ONE MORE COUNT GIVE ME ONE MORE COUNT ON

Slovenian: Fizika je obsežno področje, ki pokriva veliko različnih tem: od galaksij v globinah vesolja do subatomskih delcev. Če še ne poznate fizike, je včasih težko videti, kako so vse te različne teme povezane med seboj. Poskusil bom prikazati te povezave, to je torej zemljevid fizike. Upam, da boste uživali. Fiziko lahko v grobem delimo na tri glavne dele: klasična fizika, kvantna fizika in relativnost. Začeli bomo s klasično fiziko. Primerna oseba za začetek je Isaac Newton. Njegovi zakoni gibanja opisujejo, kako se vse snovi gibajo. Njegov splošni gravitacijski zakon je povezal gibanje planetov na nebu s padanjem predmetov na Zemlji v eleganten in splošen opis. Izumil je tudi infinitezimalni račun, nadvse zmogljivo matematično orodje, ki se uporablja skozi stoletja za izpeljavo novih vej fizike. Thai: ฟิสิกส์เป็นวิขาที่กว้างมาก ซึ่งครอบคลุมในหลายหัวข้อที่แตกต่างกัน จากเหล่ากาแล็กซี่ในอวกาศอันซับซ้อน ลงมาจนถึงอนุภาคที่เล็กกว่าอะตอม และถ้าคุณยังไม่รู้จักฟิสิกส์ มันคงจะยากที่จะเห็นว่า หัวข้อทั้งหลายที่แตกต่างกันนี้ สัมพันธ์กันอย่างไร นี่คือสิ่งที่ผมพยายามแสดงทั้งหมดเป็นแผนภาพ นี่คือแผนภาพของฟิสิกส์ ผมหวังว่าคุณคงจะชอบมัน ฟิสิกส์แบ่งออกเป็น 3 ส่วนใหญ่ ๆ กลศาสตร์แบบฉบับ ฟิสิกส์ควอนตัม และสัมพัทธภาพ เรามาเริ่มด้วยกลศาสตร์แบบฉบับ กับบุคคลผู้หนึ่งที่มีชื่อว่า ไอแซค นิวตัน กฎการเคลื่อนที่ของเขาอธิบายว่า สิ่งต่าง ๆ ประกอบขึ้นจากสสารเคลื่อนที่ได้อย่างไร และกฎแรงโน้มถ่วงสากลของเขา โยงการเคลื่อนที่ของดาวเคราะห์บนท้องฟ้า กับการตกของวัตถุบนโลก ด้วยคำอธิบายทั่วที่สง่างามเพียงหนึี่งเดียว เขายังคิดค้นแคลคูลัส ซึ่งเป็นเครื่องมือ ทางคณิตศาสตร์อันทรงพลังยิ่ง ซึ่งใช้กันต่อเนื่องมาหลายศตวรรษ เพื่อแก้ปัญหาฟิสิกส์ใหม่ ๆ Polish: Fizyka, to ogromna dziedzina, która pokrywa obszar od galaktyk w czeluściach kosmosu aż po cząstki elementarne. A jeśli dobrze nie znacie fizyki, czasami trudno zauważyć, w jaki sposób są one ze sobą powiązane. Spróbowałem więc pokazać to na mapie, a oto ona - mam nadzieję, że się wam spodoba. Ogólnie można podzielić fizykę na trzy główne części: fizykę klasyczną, fizykę kwantową i Teorię Względności. Zacznijmy od fizyki klasycznej, a jej uosobieniem jest Isaac Newton. Opracowane przez niego prawa ruchu opisują ruch wszystkich materialnych obiektów, a jego prawo powszechnego ciążenia wiąże ruch planet po niebie ze spadaniem przedmiotów na Ziemię w jedą ogólną i elegancką teorię. On również wynalazł rachunek różniczkowy - potężne narzędzie matematyczne, które służyło naukowcom przez stulecia do wyprowadzania nowych praw fizyki. Chinese: 所以物理学是涵盖了许多 不同的主题的学科，从太空深处的星系 一直到亚原子粒子。 如果你还不知道物理它 有时很难将所有这些科目 都彼此联系到一起。 因此这也是我尝试去把它展示在一张地图里，所以这就是物理学的地图，我希望你能 好好享受。 物理学大致被分解成三个 主要部分：经典物理，量子物理 和相对论。 我们将与经典物理学开始， 那我们不得不先提到一个牛人就是伊萨克牛顿。 他的运动定律描述了所有的物质如何运动，和他的 万有引力定律将太空中行星的运动和 地球上物体的自由落体完美的结合并解释清楚。 他还发明了超级牛逼的数学工具--微积分，并成功在数个世纪里派生出了 新的物理学。 Bengali: পদার্থবিদ্যা বেশ বড় একটা বিষয়। এই বিশ্বব্রমাণ্ডের গ্যালাক্সি থেকে শুরু করে একেবারে সবচেয়ে ক্ষুদ্র কণিকা পর্যন্ত প্রায় সবই পদার্থবিদ্যা দিয়ে ব্যাখ্যা করা যায়। আপনি যদি পদার্থবিদ্যা সম্পর্কে না জানেন তাহলে এটা বোঝানো বেশ কঠিন যে কিভাবে বিভিন্ন ব্যাপার বা ঘটনাগুলো আসলে একে অপরের সাথে সম্পর্কযুক্ত। এটা আমার একটা ক্ষুদ্র প্রয়াস সবকিছু এক সুতোয় গাঁথা, এটাকে বলতে পারেন পদার্থবিদ্যার একটা ম্যাপ বা টাইমলাইন বা সময়ক্রম। আশাকরি সবার ভালো লাগবে। পদার্থবিদ্যাকে আপনি তিনটা ভাগে ভাগ করে ফেলতে পারেন, ১। চিরায়ত (ক্লাসিকাল) পদার্থবিদ্যা, ২। কোয়ান্টাম পদার্থবিদ্যা ৩। এবং আপেক্ষিকতা আমরা শুরুটা করতে পারি ক্লাসিকাল ফিজিক্স দিয়েই, আর এক্ষেত্রে নিউটনের মত এক মহানতম বিজ্ঞানীকে দিয়েই শুরুটা করি। তার গতির সুত্রগুলি বিভিন্ন বস্তুর গতি সংশ্লিষ্ট সকল কিছুকে বিশ্লেষণ করে, এবং তার মহাকর্ষ সুত্র সকল গ্রহসমূহের গতি ও পৃথিবীর বুকে পড়ন্ত সকল বস্তুর গতিকে ব্যাখ্যা করে খুব সহজেই এবং সঠিকভাবে। তিনি আবিষ্কার করেন ক্যালকুলাসের মত এক অসাধারণ গাণীতিক হাতিয়ার যা বিগত কয়েক শতাব্দী জুড়ে সফলতার সাথে ব্যবহার হয়ে আসছে পদার্থবিদ্যার নতুন নতুন শাখার দ্বার উন্মোচনে। Portuguese: A física é uma ciência variadíssima, que engloba diferentes tópicos, desde as galáxias nas profundezas do espaço à partículas subatómicas. E se você já não entende de física, às vezes é difícil ver como todos esses assuntos se relacionam uns com os outros. Então esta é minha tentativa de mostrar isso num mapa, este é o mapa da física, eu espero que gostem. Física, em geral, pode ser dividida em três partes principais: Física Clássica, Física Quântica e Relatividade. Vamos começar com a física clássica e uma boa pessoa para começar é Isaac Newton. As suas leis do movimento descrevem como tudo o que é feito de matéria se move, e as suas leis da gravitação universal conciliaram o movimento dos planetas no céu e a queda de objetos na Terra numa única descrição geral e elegante. Ele também inventou o Cálculo, uma poderosíssima ferramenta matemática que é usada há séculos para fazer novas descobertas na física. Burmese: ဒါကြောင့်ရူပဗေဒတဲ့ကြီးမားတဲ့ဘာသာရပ်ဖြစ်ပါသည် အများကြီးကွဲပြားခြားနားသောအကြောင်းအရာများဖုံးလွှမ်း အာကာသ၏နက်နဲသောပင်လယ်အတွင်းရှိနဂါးငွေ့တန်းထဲကနေမယ့် လက်ျာဘက်ဆင်း subatomic particles ရန်။ တဖန်သင်တို့ပြီးသားရူပဗေဒမသိကြပါလျှင် ကြည့်ဖို့တစ်ခါတစ်ရံတွင်၎င်း၏ခက်ခဲ ဘယ်လိုဤအရာအလုံးစုံကွဲပြားခြားနားသောဘာသာရပ်များ တစ်ဦးချင်းစီကတခြားနှင့်ဆက်စပ်သောနေကြသည်။ ဒါကြောင့်ဒီမြေပုံထဲမှာပြသနိုင်ဖို့ငါ့အကြိုးပမ်းမှုဖြစ်ပါသည် ဒါကြောင့်ဒီရူပဗေဒ၏မြေပုံဖြစ်ပါသည်။ ငါသည်သင်တို့ကိုကပျော်မွေ့မျှော်လင့်ပါတယ်။ ရူပဗေဒအမြင်ကျယ်ပြိုပျက်နိုင်ပါတယ် သုံးအဓိကအစိတ်အပိုင်းများအတွက်: classical ရူပဗေဒ, Quantum ရူပဗေဒနှင့် Relativity ။ ကျနော်တို့ဂန္ထဝင်ရူပဗေဒနှင့်အတူစတင်ပါလိမ့်မယ် နှင့်အတူစတင်ရန်ကောင်းတစ်သူတစ်ဦး Issac Newton ကဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ ရွေ့လျားမှုသူ၏ဥပဒေများကိုဘယ်လိုအရာခပ်သိမ်းကိုဖော်ပြရန် အကြောင်းကိစ္စရွေ့လျားထား နှင့်ကမ္ဘာလုံးဆိုင်ရာမြေထုဆွဲအား၏တရားတော်ကိုချည်ထား အတူတူမိုဃ်းကောင်းကင်၌ဂြိုလ်များ၏ရွေ့လျားမှု ကမ္ဘာမြေပေါ်တွင်အရာဝတ္ထုများ၏ရေတံခွန်နှင့်အတူ တဦးတည်းကြော့နှင့်အထွေထွေဖော်ပြချက်သို့။ ထို့အပြင်သူသည်ကဲကုလတီထွင် တစ်အလုံးစုံအစွမ်းထက်သင်္ချာ tool ကို အရာရာစုနှစ်ကျော်အသုံးပြုခဲ့ပြီး အသစ်ကရူပဗေဒရယူထားခြင်းဖြစ်သည်။ Japanese: 物理は大変に広大な学問であり、多くのトピックを扱っています。 それは銀河（という巨大な世界）から素粒子（という非常にミクロな世界）に及びます。 もしあなたが物理に詳しくなければ、難しいものと感じるかもしれません。 そして様々な物理の領域がどのようにつながっているのか、というのも見えないかもしれません。 ここでは、「物理学の地図」を示し、物理の領域を説明したいと思います。 ぜひ楽しんで視聴してください。 物理学は、非常に大まかに言えば、3つの分野に分けることができます。 古典物理学、量子物理学、そして相対論です。 さて、古典物理学のお話としては、アイザック・ニュートンから始めるのがいいでしょう。 彼の「運動の法則」は、物がどのように動くかについて記述しています。 また「万有引力の法則」は、宇宙の惑星がどのように動くのかを説明しており、 そして、その惑星運動と地球上での物体の落下とが同様の記述によって、エレガントに数式化されています。 彼は微分積分学の発明者（の一人）であり、微分積分は物理においてとても強力な道具であります。 微分積分は数世紀に渡り、新しい物理法則の発見に用いられてきました。 French: Les sciences physiques sont un vaste domaine qui couvre un grand nombre de sujets, des galaxies du fin fond de l'espace jusqu'aux particules subatomiques. Et quand on n'est pas physicien, il peut être difficile de comprendre comment tous ces sujets sont liés les uns aux autres. Je vais donc essayer de résumer cela en une carte, une carte de la physique. J'espère que cela vous plaira. Les lois de la physique peuvent grossièrement être subdivisées en trois grandes parties : la physique classique, la physique quantique et la relativité. On va démarrer par la physique classique, dont un bon représentant est Isaac Newton. Ses lois sur le mouvement décrivent comment toute chose faite de matière se déplace. Sa loi universelle de la gravitation unifie le mouvement des planètes dans le ciel et la chute des objets sur Terre en une seule et élégante description. Il a également inventé le calcul infinitésimal, un outil mathématique extrêmement puissant utilisé depuis des siècles pour décrire la physiques. Russian: Физика — это широкая научная область, охватывающая различные аспекты нашей жизни, начиная с галактик в глубинах космоса, и заканчивая субатомными частицами. И если вы не разбираетесь в физике, это сложно иногда увидеть, как все эти вещи связаны друг с другом. И это моя попытка показать всё в виде карты, карты физики. Надеюсь, вам понравится. Физика может быть разбита на 3 основные части: классическая физика, квантовая физика и теория относительности. Начнем с классической физики, и лучше всего начать с Исаака Ньютона. Его законы механики описывают, как движутся материальные объекты а его закон всемирного тяготения связывает движение планет в космосе с падением предметов на Земле в единую элегантную теорию. Также он ввёл математический анализ, крайне важный раздел математики, использовавшегося на протяжении веков для новых исследований в физике. Конечно же, математический анализ является частью математики, Spanish: Física es un enorme campo que cubre, diferentes tópicos, desde galaxias en el espacio profundo hasta lo diminuto de las partículas subatomicas. Y si tu no conoces ya algo de física, es a veces difícil ver como todos estos campos se relacionan con los otros. Intentaré mostrar esto en un mapa, este es el mapa de la física, Espero que lo disfrutes. La física puede ser dividida en tres partes principales: física clásica, física cuántica, y relatividad. Comenzaremos por la física clásica y una buena persona con quien comenzar es Isaac Newton. Sus leyes del movimiento describen como la materia se mueve, y su ley de gravitación universal, vincula el movimiento de los planetas en el cielo con la caída de los objetos en la tierra, en una elegante descripción general. Él también invento el calculo, una suprema y poderosa herramienta matemática la cual ha sido usada por siglos para la descripción de la física. Hungarian: A fizika egy óriási terület, mely rengeteg különböző témakört lefed, a galaxisoktól az űr mélyén, egészen a szubatomi részecskékig És, hogyha nem ismered a fizikát, néha nehéz lehet tudni, hogy ezek a területek hogy kapcsolódnak egymáshoz. Szóval, ez az én kisérletem arra, hogy megmutassam a fizika térképét, remélem tetszeni fog A fizikát durván három fő területre lehet felosztani: Klasszikus fizika, kvantum fizika és relativitás. A klasszikus fizikával kezdjük, és egy jó kiindulási pont Isaac Newton. Az ő mozgási törvényei leirják, hogy lehet, mozog minden, ami anyagból van, és az ő törvénye az általános gravitációrol összekötötte a bolygók mozgását az égen a Földre eső tárgyakal egy elegáns leirással. Ő találta ki a calculust is, a hihetetlenül erős matematikai eszközt, amit évszázadokon keresztül használtak, hogy új fizikai területeket hozzanak létre. German: Physik ist ein weites Gebiet, das viele verschiedene Bereiche umfasst, von Galaxien in der Tiefe des Weltraums bis hinunter zu subatomischen Teilchen. Und wenn man sich mit Physik noch nicht auskennt ist es manchmal schwierig, all diese Bereiche als miteinander verbunden zu sehen. Dies hier ist mein Versuch, das auf einer Karte zu zeigen, das ist also die Karte der Physik. Ich hoffe du hast Spaß daran. Physik kann grob in drei Hauptbereiche unterteilt werden: Klassische Physik, Quantenphysik und Relativität. Wir beginnen mit der klassischen Physik und eine gute Person dafür ist Isaac Newton. Seine Bewegungsgesetze beschreiben wie alles, was aus Materie besteht, sich bewegt und sein Gravitationsgesetz verbindet die Bewegung der Planeten am Himmel mit dem Fallen von Gegenständen auf der Erde in einer eleganten und allgemeinen Beschreibung. Er erfand außerdem die Infinitesimalrechnung, ein mächtiges mathematisches Werkzeug, das über die Jahrhunderte verwendet wurde, um Neues in der Physik zu erschließen. Finnish: Fysiikka on valtavan laaja aihejoka kattaa moinenlaisia aihepiirejä aina avaruuden syövereiden galaxeista alkeishiukkasiin. Jos jos ei jo valmiiksi tunne fysiikkaa on joskus vaikea nähdä miten nämä asiat liittyvät toisiinsa. Yritän havainnollistaa sitä tällä fysiikan kartalla. Toivottavasti pidätte. Fysiikka voidaan jakaa karkeasti kolmee osa-alueeseen. Klassiseen ja ja Kvanttifysiikkaan sekä suhteellisuusteoriaan. Aloitetaan klassisesta fysiikasta ja sen kantaisästä Isaac Newtonista. Hänen liikeyhtälönsä kuvaavat miten materia liikkuu ja hänen gravitaatiolakinsa kuvaa sekä planeetojen liikkeen että putoavat kappaleet maan päällä yhdellä elegantilla lailla. Hän keksi myös laskennon joka on tehokas matematiikan työkalu jota on käytetty vuosisatoja uutta fysiikkaa johdettaessa. Chinese: 所以物理是一個很大的學問，它包含了從星系到 深太空再到次原子粒子 如果你還不是很曉得物理各個領域在幹嘛，那它有時候不是很容易 讓你有個通盤的概念 所以我試圖讓你有張地圖，物理的地圖 希望你會喜歡 物理可被大致的分成三個主題:古典物理，量子物理 和相對論 那我們從古典物理偉大的"艾薩克 牛頓"開始 它的運動定律描述一切由物質組成的東東如何運行，還有它的重力理論 將行星的運動與朝地球下墜的物體兩件事的機制 用一條廣泛而優雅的描述牽連在一起 他還發明了微積分，極為有用的數學工具 且已經被使用了上百年去推導新的物理 Dutch: De Natuurkunde omvat alle onderwerpen van melkwegstelsels, in de diepte van de ruimte, tot de kleinste sub-atomische deeltjes En als je niet al met natuurkunde bekend bent, kan het moeilijk zijn deze onderwerpen van elkaar te onderscheiden. Dus hier is mijn poging dat in kaart te brengen; een overzichtskaart van de natuurkunde. Ik hoop dat je het leuk vind. Natuurkunde kan onderverdeeld worden in 3 delen; klassieke natuurkunde, quantum mechanica en realtiviteit. We beginnen met de klassieke natuurkunde, en een goed persoon om dan mee te beginnen is Isaac Newton. Zijn wetten van beweging beschrijven hoe alles van materie beweegt, en zijn wet van universele gravitatie verbindt de beweging der planeten, in een elegante algemene beschrijving van hoe dingen op aarde vallen. Hij heeft ook differentiaalrekening uitgevonden, een krachtige wiskundige methode door de eeuwen heen gebruikt voor het ontdekken van de natuurkunde English: So physics is a huge subject that covers many different topics going from galaxies in the depths of space right down to subatomic particles. And if you don’t already know physics its difficult sometimes to see how all these different subjects are related to each other. So this is my attempt to show that in a map, so this is the map of physics. I hope you enjoy it. Physics can be broadly broken down in to three main parts: Classical Physics, Quantum Physics, and Relativity. We’ll start with classical physics and a good person to start with is Issac Newton. His laws of motion describe how everything made of matter moves about, and his law of universal gravitation tied together the motion of planets in the sky with the falling of objects on Earth into one elegant and general description. He also invented calculus, a supremely powerful mathematical tool which has been used over the centuries to derive new physics. Indonesian: Jadi fisika adalah subjek besar yang mencakup banyak topik yang berbeda Mulai dari galaksi di ruang ruang angkasa hingga turun ke partikel subatom. Dan jika Kalian belum mengetahui fisika yang kadang sulit untuk dimengerti. bagaimana semua ini mata pelajaran yang berbeda terkait satu sama lain. Jadi ini adalah upaya saya untuk menunjukkan bahwa dalam peta, jadi ini adalah peta fisika. Kuharap kamu menikmatinya. Fisika secara luas dapat dipecah ke tiga bagian utama: Fisika Klasik, Fisika Quantum, dan Relativitas. Kita akan mulai dengan fisika klasik dan orang memulai dengan adalah Issac Newton. hukum geraknya menjelaskan tentang segala sesuatu bagaimana benda dapat bergerak, dan hukum gravitasi universal terikat bersama-sama gerakan planet-planet di langit dengan jatuhnya benda di Bumi menjadi satu deskripsi elegan dan umum. Dia juga menemukan kalkulus, alat matematika yang amat kuat yang telah digunakan selama berabad-abad untuk menurunkan fisika baru. Modern Greek (1453-): Η φυσική ειναι μια τεράστια επιστήμη που καλύπτει ένα πολύ μεγάλο εύρος θεμάτων, από τους γαλαξίες στα βάθη του σύμπαντος μεχρι τα υποατομικά σωματίδια. Αν δεν ξέρετε ηδη φυσική ισως σας ειναι δύσκολο μερικές φορές να καταλάβετε με ποιο τρόπο συνδεόνται όλα αυτά μεταξύ τους. Ετσι, αυτή ειναι η προσπάθεια μου να τα καταγράψω σε ένα χάρτη, το "Χάρτη της φυσικής" Απολαύστε το. Η φυσική γενικά μπορεί να διαιρεθεί κυρίως σε τρείς κύριους τομείς: Κλασική Φυσική, Κβαντική Φυσική και Σχετικότητα Θα αρχίσουμε με τη κλασική φυσική και ένα κατάλληλο πρόσωπο για αρχή ειναι ο Ισαάκ Νευτων. Οι νόμοι της κίνησης που διατύπωσε, περιγράφουν πως τα υλικά σωματα κινούνται και πως ο νόμος της παγκοσμιας έλξης κυβερνά και τη κινηση των πλανητών οτον ουρανό αλλά και την πτωση των σωμάτων στη γή, με μια κομψή και ενιαία περιγραφή Επίσης επινόησε τον απειροστικό λογισμό, ένα πανίσχυρο μαθηματικό εργαλείο που χρησιμοποιείται για αιώνες δημιουργώντας τη νέα φυσική. Arabic: الفيزياء مادة ضخمة تغطي العديد من المواضيع بدئا من المجرات في أعماق الفضاء إلى أصغر الجسيميات و إن كنت لاتعرف الفيزياء، ستجد صعوبة في معرفة كيف ان هذه المواضيع مرتبطة مع بعضها البعض وهذه هي محاولتي لأريكم ذلك في خريطة، إذا هذه هي خريطة الفيزياء أتمنى أن تستمتعوا يمكن ان تقسم الفيزياء إلى ثلاثة أقسام رئيسية: الفيزياء الكلاسيكية، الفيزياء الكمية و النسبية سنبدأ بالفيزياء الكلاسيكية و نيوتن سيكون أول شخص نبدأ به قوانينه الحركية تُعَرٍّف كيف أن كل شيء مصنوع من المادة يتحرك وقوانينه في الجاذبية الكونية متعلقة مع حركة الكواكب في الفضاء وسقوط الأجسام على الأرض في وصف أنيق وعام. وأيضا إخترع الحساب التفاضلي والتكاملي، من أقوى الأدوات في الرياضيات، والتي تم إستعمالها عبر القرون لإشتقاق فيزياء جديدة. Danish: Fysik er et stort område, der dækker mange forskellige emner fra galakser i det dybe univers og helt ned til subatomare partikler. Hvis du ikke allerede kender til fysik kan det undertiden være vanskeligt at se hvordan alle disse emner forholder sig til hinanden. Så dette er mit forsøg på at vise, det på et kort. Altså et kort over fysik. Jeg håber du vil nyde det. Fysik kan groft opdeles i tre hoveddele: Klassisk fysik, kvantefysik og relativitet. Vi begynder med den klassiske fysik og et godt sted at starte, er Isaac Newton. Hans love om bevægelse, beskriver hvordan alting lavet af stof bevæger sig og hans lov om universel gravitation forbinder planeternes bevægelse på himlen med faldende genstande på Jorden, i en elegant og generel beskrivelse. Han opfandt også infinitesimalregning, et ekstremt kraftfuld matematisk værktøj, som er blevet anvendt i løbet af århundreder til at udlede ny fysik. Czech: Fyzika je rozsáhlý vědní obor, který pokrývá mnoho různých odvětví a témat od galaxií ve vesmírných hlubinách po subatomické částice. Pokud fyziku sami dobře neovládáte, pak je většinou těžké pochopit, jak na sebe všechna tato témata navazují. Tohle je můj pokus přesně tohle ukázat na mapě, takže tohle je mapa fyziky. Doufám, že se vám bude líbit. Fyziku můžeme tak nějak obecně rozdělit do tří hlavních částí: Klasické fyziky, kvantové fyziky a relativity. My teď začneme s klasickou fyzikou a v ní bude nejlepší osobou u které začít Isaak Newton. Jeho pohybové zákony popisují jak se pohybuje vše hmotné a jeho gravitační zákon spojil dohromady pohyby planet po obloze i padání předmětů tady na Zemi do jednoho elegantního a obecného popisu chování gravitace. Vymyslel také kalkulus. Extrémně mocný matematický nástroj, který byl v průběhu staletí využit k odvozování nové fyziky. Kurdish: (وەرگێڕانی: جێگر جبار). فیزیک بابەتێکی زۆر فراوانە کە چەندین بابەتی تر لەخۆدەگرێت لە گەلەستێرەکانی قوڵایی بۆشایی ئاسمانەوە بۆ تەنۆلکەی پێکهاتەی گەردیلەکان وە ئەگەر تۆ فیزیک شارەزا نەبیت ئەوا هەندێکجار زەحمەتە بۆ بینینی ئەوەی کە چۆن ئەم هەموو بابەتە جیاوازانە پەیوەندییان پێکەوە هەیە بۆیە ئەمە هەوڵی منە بۆ نیشاندانی ئەمە لە نەخشەیێکدا، بۆیە ئەمە بریتیە لە نەخشەی فیزیک هیوادارم بەدڵتان بێت فیزیک دەکرێ بە گشتی دابەش بکرێت بۆ سێ بەشی سەرەکی: فیزیای کلاسیک، فیزیای کوانتەم وە ڕێژەیی دەستپێدەکەین بە فیزیای کلاسیک وە کەسێکی باش کە لێیەوە دەستپێبکەین ئیسحاق نیوتنە یاساکانی جوڵەی نیوتن باسی ئەوە دەکەن کە چۆن هەمووشتێکی دروستبوو لەماددە دەجوڵێن وە یاسا گشتیەکانی کێشکردن جوڵەی هەسارەکانی ئاسمان پێکدەبەستێت لە کەوتنە خوارەوەی تەنەکان بۆ سەر زەوە بۆ وەسفکردنێکی جوان و گشتی وە هەروەها ئەو کاڵکیوڵەسی داهێنا، ئامرازێکی بەرز و بەتوانای ماتماتیکی کە بۆ چەندین سەدە بەکاردەهات بۆ داڕێشتنی فیزیای نوێ Portuguese: Então, a física é uma matéria imensa que cobre diferentes tópicos, indo de galáxias nas profundidades do espaço até as partículas subatômicas e se você ainda não conhece a física, é algumas vezes difícil ver como todos esses assuntos se relacionam. Então essa é a minha tentativa de mostrar isso em um mapa, portanto esse é o mapa da física, eu espero que você goste. A física pode ser de uma modo geral quebrada em três partes principais: Física Clássica, Física Quântica e Relatividade Nós vamos começar com a física clássica e uma boa pessoa para se começar é com Isaac Newton. Suas leis do movimento descrevem como tudo feito de matéria se move, e a sua lei da gravitação universal uniu o movimento dos planetas no céu e a queda de objetos na Terra com uma descriçao elegante e geral. Ele também inventou o cálculo, uma ferramenta matemática poderosa que vem sido usada através dos séculos para originar novas físicas. Italian: La fisica è una materia vasta, che comprende molti argomenti: dalle galassie fino alle particelle subatomiche. Se non conosci ancora la fisica, a volte è difficile vedere come tutti questi argomenti sono connessi tra loro. Quindi, questo è il mio tentativo di spiegare tutto questo in una mappa. La mappa della fisica. Spero ti piacerà! La fisica è divisa in tre grandi argomenti: fisica classica, fisica quantistica, e relatività. Partiamo dalla fisica classica e per fare ciò dobbiamo partire da un grande persona come Isaac Newton. Le sue leggi della dinamica descrivono come si muove qualsiasi cosa abbia della massa, e la sua legge sulla gravitazione universale tiene legati i moti dei pianeti che vedi nel cielo con la caduta degli oggetti sulla terra. Tutto questo in una sola, elegante formula. Newton ha anche inventato il calcolo infinitesimale, un potente strumento matematico che è stato usando per centinaia di anni per creare nuove teorie fisiche. Swedish: Så fysik är ett enormt ämne som täcker många olika delar går från galaxer i djupet av rymden ända ner till subatomära partiklar. Och om du inte redan känner till fysiken är det ibland svårt att förstå hur alla dessa olika ämnen sitter ihop med varandra. Så detta är mitt försök att visa det med en karta, så det här är kartan över fysik. Jag hoppas du tycker om det. Fysiken kan ungefär delas upp i i tre huvuddelar: Klassisk fysik, kvantfysik och relativitet. Vi börjar med klassisk fysik och en bra person att börja med är Issac Newton. Hans rörelselag beskriver hur allting gjord av materie rör sig, och hans lag om universell gravitation bunden tillsammans rörelsen av planeter på himlen med fall av föremål på jorden till en elegant och allmän beskrivning. Han uppfann också kalkyl, ett oerhört kraftfullt matematiskt verktyg som har använts under århundradena att härleda ny fysik. iw: פיזיקה היא תחום עצום שמכסה נושאים שונים, החל בגלקסיות שבמעמקי החלל ועד לחלקיקים תת אטומיים. למי שלא מכיר פיזיקה, קשה לפעמים לראות איך כל הנושאים האלו קשורים אחד לשני. זהו ניסיון שלי להראות זאת במפה. זוהי, אם כך, המפה של הפיזיקה. אני מקווה שתיהנו ממנה. בגדול, אפשר לחלק את הפיזיקה ל-3 חלקים מרכזיים: פיזיקה קלאסית, פיזיקה קוונטית, ויחסות. נתחיל עם פיזיקה קלאסית, ומקום טוב להתחיל בו הוא אייזק ניוטון. חוקי התנועה שלו מתארים איך כל דבר שעשוי מחומר נע, וחוק הכבידה האוניברסלי שלו קושר את תנועת הפלנטות בשמיים לנפילת גופים על כדור הארץ בתיאור אלגנטי וכללי אחד. בנוסף, הוא המציא את החשבון הדיפרנציאלי והאינטגרלי (חדוו"א), כלי מתימטי רב עוצמה, שלאורך מאות שנים משמש לגילוי חידושים בפיזיקה. Galician: A física é un eido amplísimo que abrangue unha chea de temas, desde as galaxias nas profundidades do espazo ata as partículas subatómicas. E, se non sabes moito de física, ás veces é difícil ver a relación entre todas estas disciplinas. Vou tentar amosar iso nun mapa, así que... Velaquí o mapa da física, espero que vos praza. En termos xerais, a física pode dividirse en tres grandes eidos: a física clásica, a física cuántica e a relatividade. Comezaremos coa física clásica, e unha persoa axeitada para comezarmos é Isaac Newton. As súas leis do movemento describen como se move todo o que está feito de materia, e a súa lei da gravitación universal unificou o movemento dos planetas no ceo coa caída dos obxectos na Terra nunha soa descrición, elegante e xeral. Tamén inventou o cálculo, unha ferramenta matemática extremadamente poderosa que se empregou durante séculos para desenvolver a física. Catalan: La Física és una Ciència tan àmplia que abasta des de galàxies en les de l'espai fins a partícules subatòmiques. Pels profans, pot ser difícil entendre com tots aquests temes estan interrelacionats. La meva intenció és mostrar-ho en un mapa, el mapa de la Física, que espero que us agradi. La Física es pot dividir en tres grans camps: Física Clàssica, Física Quàntica i Relativitat. Començarem per la Física Clàssica i Isaac Newton. Les lleis de Newton descriuen com es mouen els cossos i la seva llei de la Gravitació Universal permet descriure tan el moviment dels planetes com el d'objectes caient a la Terra amb el mateix raonament. Newton també va inventar el Càlcul, una potent eina matemàtica que ha estat la base de la Física Moderna. Turkish: Fizik, uzayın derinliklerindeki galaksilerden atom altı parçacıklara kadar birçok farklı konuyu içeren çok geniş bir bilim dalıdır. Eğer hala fizik bilmiyorsanız bu konuların birbiriyle ilişkisini görmek oldukça zordur. Benim amacım bunu bir haritada göstermek. Fiziğin haritası. Umarım beğenirsiniz. Fiziği genel olarak üç parçada inceleyebiliriz. Klasik fizik,kuantum fiziği ve görelilik Klasik fizikle başlayalım. Isaac Newton bunun için iyi bir başlangıç. Newton’un hareket yasaları maddenin hareketini açıklarken, evrensel kütleçekim yasası ise gezegenlerin uzaydaki hareketi ve yere düşen cisimler arasındaki ilişkiyi genel bir formülle açıklar. Ayrıca yeni fiziğin ortaya çıkması için yüzyıllarca kullanılacak yeni bir matematik alanını yani kalkülüsü icat etti. Vietnamese: Vật lý là một phạm trù khổng lồ bao trùm nhiều chủ đề từ các thiên hà trong vũ trụ xa xôi tới những hạt hạ nguyên tử. Và nếu bạn không thật hiểu biết về vật lý thì đôi khi điều này rất khó để thấy cách tất cả các đối tượng đều liên kết với nhau Nên đây là cố gắng của tôi để thể hiện nó như một bản đồ, đây là bản đồ của vật lý. Hy vọng mn thích nó. Vật lý nhìn chung có thể chia thành 3 phần: Vật lý Cổ điển, Vật lý Lượng tử và thuyết Tương đối Chúng ta sẽ bắt đầu với vật lý cổ điển với một người tên là Issac Newton. Các định luật chuyển động của ông mô tả mọi thứ về chuyển động của vật thể và định luật vạn vật hấp dẫn của ông liên kết chuyển động của các hành tinh trên bầu trời với các vật thể rơi trên Trái đất thành một định luật chung và tinh tế. Ông cũng phát minh ra giải tích, một công cụ toán học cực mạnh, thứ được dùng trong nhiều thế kỉ để tìm hiểu vật lý. Korean: 물리학은 수없이 다양한 주제를 다루는 넓은 학문입니다 깊은 우주 속의 은하에서부터 원자보다 작은 입자들까지 다루죠 그리고 당신이 물리학을 모른다면, 이 다양한 이야기들이 서로 어떻게 연관되는지 알기 어려울 겁니다 그래서 제가 이걸 지도로 만들어서 보여드리려 합니다. 이게 물리학의 지도입니다. 즐겁게 봐주세요 물리학은 크게 고전 물리학, 양자 물리학, 상대성 이론으로 나눌 수 있습니다 고전 물리학부터 보도록 하겠습니다 뉴턴 이야기로 시작해볼까요? 뉴턴의 운동법칙은 모든 물체가 어떻게 움직이는지 설명합니다 그리고 그의 만유인력의 법칙은 하늘의 행성들의 움직임과 땅으로 물체들이 떨어지는 것을 하나의 우아하고 총괄적인 해석으로 묶었습니다. 그는 또 엄청나게 강력한 수학적 도구인 미적분을 발견해냈죠 그리고 그 개념은 몇 백년 동안 새로운 물리학 패러다임을 이끌어내는데에 기여했습니다 Czech: Kalkulus spadá ve skutečnosti do matematiky, ale matematika a fyzika jsou neoddělitelně spojeny. Matika je jazykem fyziky. Můžete si jí představit jako kamenné podloží na kterém je postaven svět fyziky. Newton také udělal mnohé objevy v odvětví optiky, což je fyzika světla a toho jak se pohybuje v různými materiály. Vysvěluje lom viditelný na skleněných hranolech a čočkách které se používají na zaostřování v dalekohledech, mikroskopech a kamerách. Dalekohledy nám umožnili hledět do hlubin vesmíru a pozorovat tak široké pole různých objektů a díky tomu rozvinout astrofyziku a kosmologii. Optika je úzce svázána s teorií vln, což je v základu teorie o tom, jak může cestovat energie skrze vzruchy v prostředí, jako jsou vlnky na hladině rybníka nebo zvuk putující vzduchem. Světlo ovšem nepotřebuje k cestování hmotné prostředí (médium). Umí totiž cestovat a vesmírným vakuem. Přesto se ale chová podle stejných zákonů jako ostatní vlny. Konkrétně se láme, odráží a dělá difrakci. Dutch: Differentiaalrekening is eigenlijk een deel van wiskunde, maar wiskunde en natuurkunde zijn eigenlijk niet van elkaar te scheiden Wiskunde is de taal van de natuurkunde, je kunt het beschouwen als de basis ervan. Newton betrad ook het veld van de optica, het gebied van licht en hoe het afbuigt door verschillende materialen. Het verklaart refractie in prismas, en lenzen die gebruikt worden in telescopen ,microscopen, en cameraas. Telescopen stelden ons in staat in de diepten van de ruimte te bekijken en astrophysica en cosmologie te onwikkelen. Optica is nauw gerelateerd aan golftheorie, wat in principe is hoe energie reist door de afwijkingen in een medium, zoals de oppervlakkige rimpels in een vijver, of geluid door de lucht. Licht heeft geen medium(tussenstof) nodig, het reist door het vacuum van de ruimte. Maar het volgt dezelfde regels van reflectie, refractie en diffractie. Korean: 미적분은 수학의 일부이지만, 물리학과 수학은 분리될 수 없어요 수학은 물리학의 언어입니다 거의 물리학의 세계를 이루는 기반암 정도로 생각해도 좋습니다 뉴턴은 광학에서도 큰 기여를 했습니다 광학은 빛과 그것이 어떻게 다른 물질들을 통과하는지에 관한 물리학입니다. 광학은 프리즘과 렌즈에서 볼 수 있는 굴절을 설명합니다 그리고 그건 망원경, 현미경, 카메라 등에 쓰이게 되었죠 망원경은 우리로 하여금 우주 깊은 곳을 보며 천체들의 배열을 관찰하게 해주었고, 거기서 천체 물리학과 우주론이 탄생하게 됩니다 광학은 파동 이론과 밀접한 관련이 있습니다 파동 이론은 연못의 물결이나, 공기를 타고 전달되는 소리 같은, 매질의 진동을 통한 에너지의 전달에 관한 학문이죠 빛은 매질이 필요하지 않습니다 진공상태의 공간에서도 나아갈 수가 있는 거죠 그러면서도 여전히 ​반사, 굴절이나 회절과 같은 파동의 원리를 따릅니다 Burmese: calculus တကယ်သင်္ချာ၏အစိတ်အပိုင်းတစ်ခုဖြစ်သည် ဒါပေမယ့်ရူပဗေဒနှင့်သင်္ချာကျွန်မတို့ဟာခွဲလို့မရတဲ့ဖြစ်ကြသည်။ သင်္ချာရူပဗေဒ၏ဘာသာစကားကိုဖြစ်ပါသည်, သငျသညျအခြေခံမူများကဲ့သို့ကစိတ်ကူးနိုင်ပါတယ် ရူပဗေဒ၏ကမ္ဘာမှ built ကွောငျး။ နယူတန်ကိုလည်းမှန်ဘီလူး၏လယ်ပြင်တွင်အပြင်းအထန်လုပ်ဆောင်လုပ် အလင်း၏ရူပဗေဒရာဖြစ်ပါသည် ဘယ်လိုကွဲပြားခြားနားသောပစ္စည်းများမှတဆင့်သွားရောက်ကာ။ ဒါဟာအလင်းယိုင် PRISM နဲ့မျက်ကပ်မှန်ထဲမှာမြင်ကရှင်းပြသည် အလင်းအာရုံစူးစိုက်ရန်အသုံးပြုသည့် အဝေးကြည့်မှန်ပြောင်း, ဏုနှင့်ကင်မရာများတွင်။ အဝေးကြည့်မှန်ပြောင်းနဲရာထဲသို့စေ့စေ့ကြည့်ရှုဖို့ကျွန်တော်တို့ကို enabled နေရာနှင့်အရာဝတ္ထုများ၏ရိုင်းခင်းကျင်းစောငျ့ရှောကျ အဲဒီမှာနှင့်ရူပနက္ခတ္တဗေဒနဲ့ပတ်သက်ပြီးနှင့် cosmology ဖွံ့ဖြိုး။ စက္ခုဗေဒသီအိုရီမှနီးကပ်စွာဆက်စပ်ဖြစ်ပါသည် စွမ်းအင်ခရီးသွားလာနိုင်ပုံကိုအခြေခံအားဖြင့်ဖြစ်သောလှိုင်းတံပိုး၏ ဂယက်ထကဲ့သို့သောအလတ်စား၏နှောင့်အယှက်, မှတဆင့် လေကတဆင့်တစ်ဦးရေကန်သို့မဟုတ်အသံရဲ့မျက်နှာပြင်ပေါ်မှာ။ Light ကတဆင့်သွားလာရန်အလတ်စားမလိုအပ်ပါဘူး, ဒါဟာအာကာသ၏လေဟာနယ်တဆင့်သွားလာနိုင်သည်, ဒါပေမယ့်နေဆဲအားလုံးလှိုင်းတံပိုးကဲ့သို့တူညီသောအခြေခံမူအမည်ရရောင်ပြန်ဟပ်မှု, အလင်းယိုင်ခြင်းနှင့် diffraction အောက်ပါအတိုင်း။ Kurdish: لە ڕاستیدا کاڵکیوڵەس بەشێکە لە ماتماتیک بەڵام فزیک و ماتماتیک لە یەک جیانەکراوەن ماتماتیک زمانی فیزیکە، دەتوانی وێنای بکەی وەکو بناغەیەکی پتەو کە جیهانی فیزیکی لەسەر بنیاتنراوە نیوتن هەنگاوی فراوانی تری نا لە بواری بیناییەکاندا کە بریتیە لە فیزیای ڕووناکی وە چۆن بەناو ماددە جیاوازەکاندا تێپەڕ دەبێت شکانەوە لە ئاوێزە و هاوێنەکاندا ڕووندەکاتەوە کە بەکاردەهێنرێن بۆ چڕکردنەوەی ڕووناکی لە تەلیسکۆب و مایکرۆسکۆب و کامێراکاندا تەلیسکۆبەکان بوارمان دەدەن بۆ تێڕوانین بۆناو قوڵایی بۆشایی ئاسمان و تێڕوانینی تەنە ناوازەکان لەوێوە پەرەسەندنی فیزیای ئەستێرەیی و گەردوونناسی دێت بیناییەکان بە نزیکی پەیوەندی بە تیۆری شەپۆلەکانەوە هەیە، کە بریتیە لەوەی کە چۆن وزە دەگوازرێتەوە لەناو ناوەندێکدا وەکو نەرمە شەپۆلی سەر ڕووی گۆماوێک یاخود دەنگ لە هەوادا ڕووناکی پێویستی بە ناوەند نیە بۆ تێپەڕبوون بەناویدا، دەتوانێت بەناو بۆشایی بەتاڵدا تێپەڕ ببێت بەڵام هەر پەیڕەوی هەمان بنچینەکانی شەپۆڵ دەکات وەکو دانەوە و شکانەوە و لادانی ڕووناکی Polish: Co prawda rachunek różniczkowy jest elementem matematyki, ale matematyka i fizyka są dwiema stronami tej samej monety. Matematyka jest językiem fizyki, możesz ją sobie wyobrazić jako kamień węgielny, na którym zbudowany jest świat fizyki. Newton wniósł też wiele do optyki, będącej fizyką światła i mówiącej, jak ono się rozchodzi w różnych ośrodkach. Wyjaśnia ona załamanie światła w pryzmacie i w soczewkach, które wykorzystywane jest do skupiania światła w teleskopach, mikroskopach czy aparatach fotograficznych. Teleskopy pozwoliły nam zajrzeć w dalekie obszary kosmosu i obserwować odległe układy gwiezdne, a tym samym rozwijać astronomię i kosmologię. Optyka jest ściśle powiązana z teorią fal, która mówi nam, jak energia może podróżować poprzez zaburzenia ośrodka, takie, jak fale na powierzchni stawu czy dźwięk w powietrzu. Światło nie potrzebuje ośrodka, by się rozchodzić - może to robi w próżni, ale nadal podlega tym samym zasadom, jak wszystkie inne wale - czyli załamaniu, odbiciu i dyfrakcji. Swedish: Calculus är verkligen en del av matematiken men fysik och matematik är oskiljbara. Matematik är fysikens språk, du kan föreställa dig det som berggrunden att fysikens värld är byggd från. Newton gjorde också framsteg inom optikområdet vilket är ljusets fysik och hur det går igenom olika material. Det förklarar, brytning sett i prismor och linser som används för att fokusera ljus i teleskop, mikroskop och kameror. Teleskop gjorde det möjligt för oss att kika in i djupet av rymden och observera det breda utbudet av föremål där och utveckla astrofysik och kosmologi. Optik är nära besläktad med teorin av vågor, vilket i princip är hur energi kan resa genom störningar av ett medium, som krusningar på ytan av ett damm eller ljud genom luften. Ljus behöver inte ett medium för att resa igenom, det kan resa genom vakuumet i rymden, men det följer fortfarande samma principer som alla vågor, nämligen reflektion, brytning och diffraktion. Hungarian: A calculus valójában a matematika része, de a fizika és a matematika elválaszthatatlanok. A matematika a fizika nyelve, amit úgy lehet elképzelni, mint a sarokkövét a világnak amire a fizika épült. Newton kutatásokat végzett az optika területén is, ami a fény fizikája, hogy miképpen utazik keresztül bizonyos anyagokon. Megmagyarázza a prizmában látott fényörést, és a lencséket, amik a fény fókuszálására használatosak teleszkópokban, mikroszkópokban és kamerákban. A teleszkópok lehetővé tették, hogy betekintsünk a világűr mélységeibe és kutassuk objektumok egész sorát és kifejlesszük az asztrofizikát és a kozmológiát. Az optika közeli kapcsolatban áll a hullám elmélettel, ami valójában az, hogy az energia hogy képes utazni bizonyos közegek zavarain körösztül, mint fodrozódás a tavon, vagy a hang a levegőn keresztül. A fénynek nincs szüksége közegre, hogy utazzon, akár az űr vákuumán keresztül is képes közlekedni, de mégis ugyanazokat az alapelveket követi, mint minden hullám, nevezetesen reflekció(visszaverődés), refrakció (törés) diffrakció (elhajlás) French: Ce calcul fait bien sûr partie des mathématiques mais la physique et les mathématiques sont inséparables. Les mathématiques sont le langage de la physique et on peut les imaginer comme une fondation solide sur laquelle le monde de la physique est construit. Newton a également fait de grandes découvertes en optique, la physique de la lumière et de la manière dont elle voyage au travers des matériaux. L'optique explique la réfraction des prismes et des lentilles, utilisées pour concentrer la lumière dans les télescopes, les microscopes et les appareils photo. Les télescopes nous ont permis de percer les profondeurs de l'espace et d'observer le vaste étalage d'objets qui s'y trouvent et ainsi de développer l'astrophysique et la cosmologie. L'optique est étroitement liée à la théorie des ondes qui explique comment l’énergie peut être véhiculée par des perturbations comme les vaguelettes à la surface d'un étang ou les ondes sonores dans l'air La lumière n'a pas besoin de support pour se déplacer, elle peut voyager dans le vide de l'espace mais elle subit elle aussi les lois qui s'appliquent aux ondes comme la réflexion, la réfraction et la diffraction. Arabic: الحساب التفاضلي والتكاملي هو جزء من الرياضيات، الفيزياء والرياضيات لايمكن فصلهما. الرياضيات هي لغة الفيزياء، يمكنك تخيلها أنها الحجر الأم لعالم الفيزياء. قدم نيوتن أيضا تقدما واسعا في مجال البصريات الذي هو فيزياء الضوء وكيف يسافر عبر المواد المختلفة. هو يشرح، الإنكسار الضوئي، والعدسات التي تستخدم تركيز الضوء في التلسكوبات، ميكروسكوبات، والكاميرات. التسلكوبات تسمح لنا بالربط بين أعماق الفضاء و رصد المجموعات البرية من الأجسام وبالتالي هنا تطورت الفيزياء الفلكية و الفيزياء الكونية. علم البصريات له علاقة وطيدة مع الموجات، والتي هي ببساطة كيف يمكن للطاقة السفر عبر اضطرابات الوسط، مثل هدير الماء، أو الصوت في الهواء. الضوء لا يحتاج لوسط لكي يسافر عبره، يستطيع السفر عبر الفراغ في الفضاء، ولكن له نفس مبادئ جميع الموجات، مثل الإنعكاس، الإنكسار و والحيود (إنحراف الضوء). Japanese: 微分積分学は、数学の一部ではありますが、物理学と数学とは別々に切り離せるものではありません。 数学は物理学の言語であり、数学は物理においての基盤と考えることができるでしょう。 その微分積分学によって物理学の世界は形成されているのです。 ニュートンはまた、光の物理学である光学を構築しました そして光が様々な物質の中をどのように通過するのかを見出しました。 一つには、光がプリズムやレンズ中をどのように屈折するのかを説明するものであり、 望遠鏡や顕微鏡、または一般的なカメラを作るときの、光の焦点の計算にも応用されています。 望遠鏡は宇宙遠方を覗き込み、その複雑な対象物を観測することを可能としています。 それが宇宙物理学や宇宙論の発展に貢献しました。 光学は波動の理論、つまりどのようにエネルギーが空間を伝導するのかという現象に大いに関係があります。 たとえて言うなら、水面における波紋や、空気中における音波のように、ある媒体の安定を乱して伝わっているとも言えます。 光の通過には媒体は必要なく、真空中も伝わることができます。 しかしなお、光も波動の原理である、反射、屈折、回折の原理に従います。 German: Die Infinitesimalrechnung ist eigentlich ein Teil der Mathematik, aber Physik und Mathematik sind untrennbar verbunden. Mathematik ist die Sprache der Physik. Man kann sie sich als Grundlage der Welt vorstellen, auf die die Physik gebaut ist. Newton trug auch zu Forschritten im Bereich der Optik bei, welche die Physik des Lichts ist, und beschreibt, wie es sich durch verschiedene Materialien bewegt. Sie erklärt die Brechung durch Prismen und Linsen, die gebraucht werden, um Licht in Teleskopen, Mikroskopen und Kameras zu bündeln. Teleskope ermöglichten es uns in die Tiefe des Weltalls zu spähen und eine Vielfalt von Objekten zu beobachten, sowie die Astrophysik und Kosmologie zu entwickeln. Die Optik ist eng mit der Wellentheorie verwandt, die im Wesentlichen beschreibt, wie Energie sich durch die Störungen eines Mediums bewegen kann, wie etwa Wellen auf der Oberfläche eines Teichs oder Schall durch die Luft. Licht braucht kein Medium um zu reisen, es kann sich durch das Vakuum des Weltraums bewegen, aber es folgt trotzdem den gleichen Prinzipien wie alle Wellen, insbesondere Reflexion, Brechung und Beugung. Danish: Infinitesimalregning er en del af matematikken, men fysik og matematik er uadskillelige. Matematik er fysikkens sprog. Du kan forestille dig det som grundfjeldet, som fysikkens verden er bygget på. Newton gjorde også fremskridt inden for optik som er fysikken af ​​lys og hvordan den bevæger gennem forskellige materialer. Det forklarer brydning i prismer og linser der anvendes til at fokusere lys i teleskoper, mikroskoper og kameraer. Teleskoper har gjort det muligt for os at kigge ind i det dybe rum og observere den vilde række af objekter og udvikle astrofysik og kosmologi. Optik er tæt forbundet med teorien om bølger. Dette handler dybest set om hvordan energi kan bevæge sig som forstyrrelser i et medie. Som ringe på overfladen af ​​en dam eller lyd igennem luften. Lys behøver ikke et medie til at rejse igennem, det kan rejse gennem rummets vakuum, men det følger stadig de samme principper som alle bølger Nemlig refleksion, brydning og spredning. Spanish: El calculo es en realidad parte de las matemáticas, pero la física y las matemáticas son inseparables. Las matemáticas son el lenguaje de la física, puedes imaginarlo como la roca sólida sobre la cual la física se edifica. Newton también hizo avances en el campo de la óptica, la rama de la física que estudia la luz y como esta atraviesa diferentes materiales. Esta explica, la refracción que se observa en prismas y lentes, los que son utilizados para enfocar la luz en los telescopios, microscopios y cámaras. Los telescopios nos permitieron mirar las profundidades del espacio, y observar cúmulos de objetos y así desarrollar la astrofísica y la cosmología. La óptica, esta ligada estrechamente con la teoría de ondas, la cual básicamente describe como la energía viaja a través de perturbaciones en el medio, como las crestas en la superficie de un estanque o el sonido a través del aire. La luz no necesita de un medio en el cual viajar, esta puede moverse a través del vacío del espacio. Pero sigue los mismos principios de las ondas a saber reflexión, refracción y difracción. Slovenian: Infinitezimalni račun je sicer del matematike, vendar sta fizika in matematika neločljivi. Matematika je jezik fizike, lahko si jo predstavljate kot temeljni kamen, na katerem je zgrajen svet fizike. Newton je tudi naredil korak naprej na področju optike, ki razlaga, kako svetloba potuje skozi različne materiale. Razloži lom, ki je viden v prizmah in lečah, ki se uporabljajo za zbiranje svetlobe v teleskopih, mikroskopih in kamerah. Teleskopi so nam omogočili kukanje v globine vesolja in opazovanje objektov ter razvoj astrofizike in kozmologije. Optika je tesno povezana s teorijo valovanja, ki nam pove, kako potuje energija skozi motnje medija kot valovi na gladini ribnika ali zvok skozi zrak. Svetloba ne potrebuje medija, lahko potuje skozi vakuum vesolja. Zanjo veljajo enaka načela kot za druga valovanja: odboj, lom, uklon. Chinese: 微积分是数学的一部分，但 物理与数学是密不可分的。 数学是物理的语言，你 可以认为物理学世界就是 在数学这块基石上建立起来的。 牛顿也是在光学领域涉及到光的物理特性和光如何穿过不同的材料上 取得了很大进展。 它解释了光在棱镜中的折射，以及在望远镜，显微镜和照相机里用来 聚焦光的透镜的折射特性。 望远镜使我们能够窥视太空深处 和观察大面积的物体 这样就发展出了天体物理学和宇宙学。 光学跟波的理论密切相关，这基本上是解释能量如何通过介质波动来传播 如池塘表面的涟漪，或穿过空气的 声音。 光的传播不需要介质， 它可以在真空中自由传播， 但它仍然遵循反射，折射和衍射的相同 规则。 Modern Greek (1453-): Ο λογισμός ειναι στη πραγματικότητα μέρος των μαθηματικών, αλλά φυσική και μαθηματικά ειναι αδιαχώριστα. Τα μαθηματικά είναι η γλώσσα της φυσικής, φανταστείτε τα σαν τα θεμέλια πάνω στα οποία χτίστηκε η φυσική Ο Νεύτωνας έκανε αλματα στο πεδίο της Οπτικής που ειναι η φυσική του φωτός και πως διέρχεται μέσα από διάφορα υλικά Εξηγεί τη διαθλαση στα πρίσματα και τους φακούς που χρησιμοποιούνται στην εστιαση του φωτός σε τηλεσκόπια, μικροσκόπια και κάμερες. Τα τηλεσκόπια μας έδωσαν την ικανότητα να φέρουμε στα μάτια μας τα βάθη του σύμπαντος και την αγρια κατανομή των αντικειμένων εκει και αναπτύχθηκε η αστροφυσική και η κοσμολογία Η οπτική σχετίζεται στενά με τη θεωρία των κυμάτων, που στην ουσία περιγράφει πως η ενέργεια ταξιδεύει μεσα από διαταραχές ενος υλικού, όπως η διακύμανση της επιφάνειας μιας λίμνης ή το ήχου μεσα από τον αέρα. Το φως δεν χρειάζεται υλικό μέσο για να διαδοθεί, μπορεί να ταξιδεύει στο κενό χώρο, αλλά ακολουθεί τίς ίδιες αρχές όλων των κυμάτων όπως της ανάκλασης, διάθλασης και περίθλασης. Thai: แม้แคลคูลัสเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของคณิตศาสตร์ แต่ฟิสิกส์กับคณิตศาสตร์ก็แยกกันออกไม่ได้ คณิตศาสตร์เป็นภาษาทางฟิสิกส์ ที่คุณอาจมองว่าเป็นรากฐาน ที่สร้างโลกของฟิสิกส์ขึ้นมา นอกจากนี้ นิวตันยังข้ามมาถึงสาขาออปติกส์ ซึ่งเป็นฟิสิกส์ของแสง อธิบายว่า แสงเคลื่อนผ่าน วัสดุต่าง ๆ ได้อย่างไร อธิบายการหักเหที่เกิดในปริซึมและเลนส์ ซึ่งใช้สำหรับโฟกัสแสงใน กล้องโทรทรรศน์ กล้องจุลทรรศน์ และกล้องถ่ายรูป กล้องโทรทรรศน์ช่วยให้เราส่องไปยังอวกาศ และสังเกตวัตถุที่เรียงรายอยู่ในนั้น จนพัฒนาเป็นสาขาดาราฟิสิกส์และจักรวาลวิทยา ออปติกส์สัมพันธ์อย่างใกล้ชิดกับทฤษฎีคลื่น ซึ่งเป็นพื้นฐานการเคลื่อนที่ของพลังงาน โดยอาศัยการรบกวนตัวกลาง เช่น การกระเพื่อม ของผิวน้ำในสระ หรือ เสียงในอากาศ แสงไม่จำเป็นต้องอาศัยตัวกลาง เพื่อเคลื่อนที่ มันเคลื่อนผ่านสุญญากาศได้ แต่มันก็ต้องมีหลักการเดียวกันกับคลื่น ทุกชนิดทั้ง การสะท้อน หักเห และเลี้ยวเบน Catalan: El Càlcul és, en realitat, una part de les Matemàtiques; però Física i Matemàtiques són inseparables. La Matemàtica és el llenguatge de la Física; la base en que es sustenta el món de la Física. Newton també va fer aportacions en Òptica, la part de la Física que descriu el comportament de la llum al travessar diferents materials. Explica la refracció de la llum en prismes i en les lents emprades en telescopis, microscopis i càmeres. Els telescopis ens permeten endinsar-nos en les profunditats de l'espai i observar una gran varietat d'objectes i així desenvolupar l'Astrofísica i la Cosmologia. L'Òptica està estretament lligada a la Teoria d'Ones, que descriu bàsicament com l'Energia pot viatjar malgrat les interferències del medi (ones en un estany o el so a través de l'aire). La llum, però, no necessita un medi per propagar-se; és a dir, que pot viatjar en el buit, però, tot i això, verifica les mateixes lleis que les ones: reflexió, refracció i difracció. Finnish: Laskento on oikeastaan osa matematiikkaa mutta fysiikka ja matematiikka kulkevat käsi kädessä. Matematiikka on fysiikan kieli ja se voi mieltää ikäänkuin maailman peruskallioksi Jonka päälle fysiikka on rakennettu. Newton vieraili myös optiikan parissa joka siis tutkii valoa ja miten se matkaa eri materiaalien läpi. Se selittää valon taittumisen prismoissa ja linsseissä joita käytetään valon kohdistamiseen teleskoopeissa, mikroskopeissa ja kameroissa. Teleskoopit mahdollistavat avaruudesta löytyvien taivaankappaleiden tarkkailemisen jonka pohjalta kehitetään astrofysiikkaa ja kosmologiaa. Optiikka liittyy läheisesti aaltoliikkeeseen joka periaatteessa tarkoittaa sitä miten energia matkaa väliaineen esteiden läpi kuten aaltoilu lammessa tai ääni ilmassa. Valo ei tarvitse väliainetta vaan se voi matkata tyhjiössä mutta silti se noudattaa samoja periaatteita kuin kaikki aallot jotka ovat heijastuminen, taittuminen ja diffraktio. Chinese: 微積分只是數學的一部分，但是物理和數學是很緊密相關的 數學是物理的語言，你可以把它想成是基石 而物理建造在上面 牛頓同時也在光學方面取得很大的進展，就是光和它如何穿越 不同的物質 舉例來說，在稜鏡可以看到折射，還有望遠鏡用來聚焦的鏡片 顯微鏡和照相機 望遠鏡付予我們窺探深遠太空的能力且觀察它們的排列 改善了天文物理和宇宙學 光學和波動理論關係是很密切的，它基本上是建立在能量如何藉由擾動物質來傳播 像是池塘表面的漣漪或聲音在 空氣裡傳播 光不需要介(物)質來傳播，它可以穿透真空的空間 不過它還是遵守著波動的性質即反射，折射 還有繞射 Portuguese: Cálculo faz parte da Matemátca, mas Física e Matemática são inseparáveis. Matemática é a língua da Física, você pode imaginar ela como o fundamento onde o mundo da Física é construído. Newton também fez passos no campo da Óptica que é a física da luz e como ela viaja através de diferentes materiais. Isso explica refração vista em prismas e lentes que são usadas para focar luz nos telescópios, microscópios e câmeras. Telescópios nos permitiram espreitar as profundidades do espaço e observar a espantosa exibição de objetos lá e desenvolver a Astrofísica e a Cosmologia. A Óptica é proximamente relacionada à teoria das ondas, que é basicamente como energia pode viajar através dos distúrbios do um meio, como ondas na superfície de um lago ou som através do ar. A luz não precisa de um meio para viajar, ela pode viajar através do vácuo do espaço, mas ainda segue os mesmos princípios como todas as ondas, ou seja, reflexão, refração e difração. Indonesian: Kalkulus adalah benar-benar bagian dari matematika tapi fisika dan matematika tidak dapat dipisahkan. Matematika adalah bahasa fisika, Anda bisa membayangkannya seperti batuan dasar bahwa dunia fisika dibangun dari. Newton juga membuat langkah di bidang optik yang merupakan fisika cahaya dan bagaimana perjalanan melalui bahan yang berbeda. Ini menjelaskan, refraksi terlihat pada prisma dan lensa yang digunakan untuk memfokuskan cahaya di teleskop, mikroskop, dan kamera. Teleskop memungkinkan kita untuk mengintip ke kedalaman ruang dan mengamati array liar obyek ada dan mengembangkan astrofisika dan kosmologi. Optik berkaitan erat dengan teori gelombang, yang pada dasarnya adalah bagaimana energi dapat melakukan perjalanan melalui gangguan media, seperti riak pada permukaan kolam atau suara melalui udara. Cahaya tidak perlu media untuk melakukan perjalanan melalui, dapat melakukan perjalanan melalui ruang vakum, tapi masih mengikuti prinsip yang sama seperti semua gelombang yaitu refleksi, refraksi dan difraksi. Vietnamese: Giải tích thực ra là 1 phần của toán học nhưng vật lý với toán học là không thể tách rời. Toán học là ngôn ngữ của vật lý, có thể tưởng tượng nó như đá nền mà từ đó thế giới vật lý được xây dựng. Newton cũng tạo nên những bước đột phá trong lĩnh vực quang học, môn vật lý về ánh sáng và cách nó truyền qua các vật thể khác nhau. Nó giải thích khúc xạ qua lăng kính và thấu kính được dùng để hội tụ ánh sáng trong kính thiên văn, kính hiển vi và máy ảnh. Kính thiên văn cho phép chúng ta nhìn vào vũ trụ xa xôi và vô vàn thiên thể hỗn loạn từ đó phát triển vật lý thiên văn và vũ trụ học. Quang học có mối liên hệ mật thiết với thuyết sóng, cơ bản là cách mà năng lượng được truyền đi bằng giao động trong một môi trường như gợn sóng trên mặt phẳng và âm thanh qua không khí Ánh sáng không cần vật thể để truyền qua, nó có thể đi qua chân không ngoài không gian nhưng nó vẫn tuân theo các nguyên lý của sóng như phản xạ, khúc xạ và nhiễu xạ. Bengali: ক্যালকুলাস হয়তো গণিতের একটা অংশ। কিন্তু বাস্তবে গণিত আর পদার্থবিদ্যা যেন একই মায়ের পেটের দুই জমজ ভাই। গণিত হলো পদার্থবিদ্যার ভাষা, এভাবেও ভাবতে পারেন, পদার্থবিদ্যা যদি হয় একটা পুরো বাড়ি তাহলে গণিত হলো সেই ইটগুলো যার দ্বারা বাড়িটি তৈরি হয়েছে। নিউটন তার মেধার সাক্ষর রেখেছেন আলোক বিজ্ঞানেও (অপটিকস), যেটা আসলে পদার্থবিদ্যার আলো সংক্রান্ত শাখা, যেটা ব্যাখ্যা করে আলো কেমন করে বিভিন্ন মাধ্যম কিংবা কোন কিছুর ভেতর দিয়ে চলাচল করে। এটা (অপটিকস) ব্যাখ্যা করে কেন প্রিজমের মধ্যে আলোর প্রতিসরণ ঘটে , কেন লেন্স আলোকে একটা বিন্দুতে ফোকাস করতে পারে যেমনটা ঘটে টেলিস্কোপে, মাইক্রোস্কোপ আর ক্যামেরায়। টেলিস্কোপ আমাদের মহাকাশের গভীরে উঁকি দেবার ক্ষমতা এনে দিয়েছে, দেখিয়েছে সেখানে আছে অগণিত গ্রহ-নক্কত্রের এক বিশাল বিন্যাস আর আমরা গড়ে তুললাম জ্যোতিপদার্থবিদ্যা (অ্যাস্ট্রোফিজিক্স) আর সৃষ্টিতত্ত্ব (কসমোলজি)। আলোকবিজ্ঞান(অপটিকস) গভীরভাবে তরঙ্গতত্ত্বের সাথে সম্পর্কযুক্ত, যেটা আসলে বোঝায় একটি নির্দিষ্ট মাধ্যমে কিভাবে শক্তি একস্থান থেকে অন্যত্র সঞ্চারিত হয়, যেমন পুকুরের পানিতে ঢেঊয়ের সৃষ্টি হওয়া কিংবা শব্দ বাতাসের মাধ্যমে ছড়িয়ে পড়া। আলোর কিন্ত চলাচলের জন্য কোন মাধ্যমেরই প্রয়োজন নেই, এটা ভ্যাকুয়ামের মধ্যে দিয়েও চলাচল করতে পারে। তারপরও আলো কিন্তু অন্য সকল তরঙ্গের মত প্রতিফলন, প্রতিসরণ, বিচ্ছুরণের মত সাধারণ নীতিগুলো মেনে চলে। Italian: Il calcolo fa parte della matematica ma fisica e matematica sono inseparabili. La matematica è il linguaggio usato dalla fisica. Puoi immaginare la matematica come le fondamenta sulle quali la fisica è costruita. Newton ha anche lavorato nel campo dell'ottica, che è la fisica di come la luce viaggia attraverso gli oggetti. Spiegò, tramite la rifrazione, che le lenti si potevano usare per concentrare la luce nei telescopi, nei microscopi e nelle camere. Con i telescopi ci si poteva addentrare nelle profondità del cosmo per osservare la miriade di oggetti presenti. Da qui sono nate l'astrofisica e la cosmologia. L'ottica è legata alla teoria delle onde, che spiega come l'energia può viaggiare attraverso un elemento, come le increspature sulla superficie di uno stagno o come il suono attraverso l'aria. La luce non ha bisogno di un elemento (ad esempio l'aria, NDT), per viaggiare. La luce può viaggiare attraverso lo spazio vuoto ma segue comunque gli stessi principi delle onde come la rifrazione, la riflessione e la diffrazione. iw: למעשה, חדוו"א שייכת למתימטיקה, אולם פיזיקה ומתימטיקה אינם ניתנים להפרדה. מתימטיקה היא השפה של פיזיקה. אפשר לתאר אותה כמחצבה ממנה חוצבים את אבני הבניין של הפיזיקה. בנוסף, ניוטון קידם את תחום האופטיקה, שהוא הפיזיקה של האור והאופן בו הוא נע דרך חומרים שונים. הוא מסביר את השתברות האור במנסרות, ועדשות שמשמשות למיקוד האור בטלסקופים, במיקרוסקופים ובמצלמות. טלסקופים אפשרו לנו להציץ למעמקי החלל, לצפות במגוון העצמים שבו ולפתח את תחומי האסטרופיזיקה והקוסמולוגיה. אופטיקה קשורה באופן הדוק לתאוריה של הגלים, שבעקרון ,מתארת איך אנרגיה יכולה לנוע בתור הפרעות בתווך כלשהו, כמו גלים על פני ברכה, או קול דרך האוויר. אור לא זקוק לתווך לעבור בעדו. הוא יכול לנוע דרך הריק בחלל, אבל הוא עדיין מציית לאותם עקרונות כמו גלים אחרים. כלומר, החזרה, שבירה והתאבכות. Russian: но физика и математика неразделимы. Математика — это язык физики; Можете считать её фундаментом, на котором построен мир физики. Ньютон также был успешен и в области оптики, физике света, и о том, как он проходит через различные материалы. Она объясняет преломление в призмах и линзах, использующиеся для фокусировки света в телескопах, микроскопах и камерах. Телескопы позволили нам взглянуть в глубины космоса и наблюдать за массой различных объектов, развить астрофизику и космологию. Оптика тесно связана с теорией волн, описывающая как энергия проходит расстояние через возбуждение среды, как рябь на поверхности пруда или звук в воздухе. Свету не нужна среда для распространения, он может распространяться в вакууме космоса, но он подчиняется тем же принципам, что и все волны, а именно: отражение, преломление и дифракция. English: Calculus is really part of mathematics but physics and mathematics are inseparable. Math is the language of physics, you can imagine it like the bedrock that the world of physics is built from. Newton also made strides in the field of optics which is the physics of light and how it travels through different materials. It explains, refraction seen in prisms and lenses which are used to focus light in telescopes, microscopes, and cameras. Telescopes enabled us to peer into the depths of space and observe the wild array of objects there and develop astrophysics and cosmology. Optics is closely related to the theory of waves, which is basically how energy can travel through disturbances of a medium, like ripples on the surface of a pond or sound through the air. Light doesn’t need a medium to travel through, it can travel through the vacuum of space, but it still follows the same principles as all waves namely reflection, refraction and diffraction. Turkish: Kalkülüs matematiğin bir parçası olabilir ancak fizik ve matematik zaten birbirinden ayrı olarak düşünülemez. Matematik fiziğin dilidir. Onu fizik dünyasının inşa edildiği ana kaya olarak hayal edebilirsiniz. Newton, ayrıca ışığın fiziği olarak bilinen ve onun farklı maddelerdeki hareketini inceleyen optik alanında büyük atılımlar yaptı. Işığın prizmada kırılmasını ve teleskoplarda,mikroskoplarda ve kameralarda ışığı odaklayan lensleri açıklar. Teleskoplar uzayın derinliklerine daha yakından bakabilmemizi ve oradaki yabancı gök cisimlerini gözlemlememizi, ayrıca astrofizik ve kozmolojinin ortaya çıkmasını da sağlamıştır. Optik, enerjinin bir ortamda yayılmasını açıklayan dalga teorisiyle yakından ilişkilidir. Bir göldeki dalgalar gibi veya havada ilerleyen ses gibi düşünebilirsiniz Işık yayılmak için bir ortama ihtiyaç duymaz, boşlukta da yayılabilir. Ancak yine de bütün dalgalar gibi aynı prensiplere uyar. Bunlar yansıma, kırılma ve kırınımdır. Galician: En realidade o cálculo é parte das matemáticas, pero a física e as matemáticas son inseparables. As matemáticas son a linguaxe da física; podes imaxinalas como os alicerces sobre os que se constrúe o mundo da física. Newton tamén produciu avances no eido da óptica, que é a física da luz e de como viaxa a través de diferentes materiais. Explica a refracción nos prismas e as lentes que se usan para enfocar a luz nos telescopios, nos microscopios e nas cámaras. Os telescopios permitíronnos ollar as profundidades do espazo e observar a vasta colección de obxectos que hai nel, desenvolvendo a astrofísica e a cosmoloxía. A óptica está moi relacionada coa teoría das ondas, que é basicamente como pode viaxar a enerxía mediante perturbacións nun medio, como as cristas da superficie dun estanque ou o son a través do aire. A luz non precisa un medio para propagarse: pode viaxar polo baleiro do espazo, pero segue cumprindo os mesmos principios ca todas as ondas: reflexión, refracción e difracción. Portuguese: Cálculo é, na verdade, uma área da Matemática, mas a Física e a Matemática são inseparáveis. Matemática é a língua da física, pode imaginá-la como os alicerces de onde o mundo da Física é construído. Newton também fez avanços no campo da ótica, que é a Física da luz e de como ela se propaga em diferentes materiais. Ela explica a refração observável em prismas, e lentes que são usadas para focar a luz em telescópios, microscópios e câmaras fotográficas. Os telescópios permitiram-nos olhar para as profundezas do espaço e observar os diferentes astros, e desenvolver a astrofísica e a cosmologia. A Ótica tem uma relação próxima com a teoria das ondas, que é basicamente como a energia viaja através das perturbações de um meio, como as ondas na superfície de um lago ou o som, pelo ar. A luz não precisa de um meio para se propagar, ela consegue viajar pelo vácuo do espaço, mas ainda assim segue os mesmos princípios de todas as ondas, como a reflexão, refração e difração. Arabic: هذا يؤدي بنا إلى الكهرومغناطيسية: وهي وصف المغناطيس والكهرباء، أو أكثر عموما، الكهرباء والمجالات المغناطيسية. جيمس كليرك هو الفيزيائي الذي إكتشف هَذين البعدين لنفس الشيء وإشتق قوانين أنيقة للإلكترومغناطيسية و أعطى نظرية بأن الضوء كان موجة إلكترومغناطيسية. الإلكترومغناطيسية أيضا تشرح الكهرباء. لنعد إلى الخلف قليلا، الميكانيك متعلقة بقوانين نيوتن و تغطي خصائص وحركة الأجسام الصلبة، وكيف تتحرك عند إصابتهم بقوة، وماذا يحدث عندما يتحدان معا، مثلا في التروس و المباني، أو الجسور ميكانيك الموائع هي وصف تدفق السوائل والغازات. بإستعمال ميكانيكيا الموائع يمكنك معرفة كم قوة الرفع الناتجة عن الطائرات الجناح، أو الديناميكية الهوائية لدى السيارة. ميكانيكا الموائع بالغة الصعوبة، غالبا بسبب حركة الأشياء الصغيرة مثل الجزيئات التي تتعقد بسرعة. وهو ما يقودنا إلى نظرية الفوضى. Galician: Isto lévanos ao electromagnetismo: a descrición dos imáns, da electricidade ou, en xeral, dos campos eléctricos e magnéticos. Foi un físico chamado James Clerk Maxwell quen descubriu que estes son dous aspectos da mesma cousa, derivou as regras marabillosamente elegantes do electromagnetismo e propuxo que a luz era unha onda electromagnética. O electromagnetismo tamén explica toda a electricidade. Volvendo para atrás un momento, a mecánica clásica está relacionada coas leis de Newton e abrangue as propiedades e movemento dos obxectos sólidos, como se moven cando se lles aplican forzas e que pasa cando se combinan, como nas engrenaxes, os edificios ou as pontes. A mecánica de fluídos é a descrición do fluxo de líquidos e gases. Empregando a mecánica de fluídos podemos saber a forza de sustentación xerada pola á dun avión, ou como de aerodinámico é un coche. A mecánica de fluídos é notablemente difícil, basicamente porque o movemento de cousas moi pequenas, como as moléculas, se volve moi complicado moi rapidamente. E isto lévanos á teoría do caos. Slovenian: To nas pripelje do elektromagnetizma: do opisovanja magnetov, elektrike oziroma v splošnem do magnetnih in električnih polj. Fizik James Clerk Maxwell je odkril, da sta to dva vidika iste stvari. Izpeljal je čudovito elegantne zakone elektromagnetizma. Postavil je tezo, da je svetloba elektromagnetno valovanje. Elektromagnetizem tudi razloži vso elektriko. Skočimo malo nazaj. Klasična mehanika je povezana z Newtonovimi zakoni. Pokriva lastnosti in gibanje trdnih objektov, kako se premikajo ko nanje delujejo sile. Opiše, kaj se zgodi, ko jih združimo, kot pri orodjih, stavbah ali mostovih. Mehanika tekočin opisuje tok kapljevin in plinov. S pomočjo mehanike tekočin lahko ugotovimo, kolikšen dinamičen vzgon povzroči letalsko krilo ali kako aerodinamičen je avtomobil. Mehanika tekočin je razvpito težka zaradi gibanja majhnih stvari, kot so molekule, kjer se stvari hitro zapletejo. Chinese: 這引領我們得到電磁學:描述磁和電或更廣的 電場和磁場 有位物理學家"詹姆斯·克拉克·馬克士威"它發現了同一件事有兩種面向(電和磁) 而且導出了一組優雅的電磁學定律還有 理論上光就是電磁波~ 電磁學解釋了所有的電力系統 稍微跳回前面一下，古典力學連繫到牛頓定律，包含了 固體的運動性質；當施力時它會怎麼動，還有 當它們全部組在一起時會發生什麼事，像是齒輪啦~建築物啦~還有橋梁 流體力學是在描述液體和氣體如何流動 用流體力學能讓你解出到底有多少升力由機翼產生 或是汽車的空氣動力學 流體力學是出了名地難，大致上是因為微小的東西像是分子 都運動得很快很複雜 這引導我們到渾沌理論 Finnish: Tästä päästän sähkömagnetismiin joka kuvaa magneetteja ja sähköä tai yleisemmin sähkö- ja magneettikenttiä. Fyysikko nimeltä James Clerk Maxwell keksi, että nämä ovat saman asian kaksi puolta ja kehitti sähkömagnetismin elegantit yhtälöt sekä teorisoi, että valo on sähkömagneettista aaltoliikettä. Sähkömagnetismi selittää myös kaiken sähköstä. Palataksemme hieman taaksepäin, klassinen mekaniikka liittyy Newtonin lakeihin ja käsittää kiinteiden kappaleiden ominaisuudet, liikkeen kun niihin vaikuttaa voimia sekä sen mitä tapahtuu kun niitä liitetään yhteen kuten rattaa, rakennukset tai sillat. Fluidien mekaniikka kuvaa nesteiden ja kaasujen toimintaa. Fluidimekaniikan avulla voidaan laskea miten paljon lentokoneen siipi tuottaa nostetta ja miten aerodynaaminen auto on. Fluidien mekaniikka on pahamaineisen vaikeaa, koska pienten asioiden kuten molekyylien liike muuttu todella monimutkaiseksi todella nopeasti. Tästä pääsemme kaaosteoriaan. Burmese: ဤသည်လြှပျစစျဖို့ကျွန်တော်တို့ကိုဦးဆောင်: သံလိုက်၏ဖော်ပြချက်, လျှပ်စစ်မီး, သို့မဟုတ်ထိုထက်ပိုယေဘုယျအားဖြင့်လျှပ်စစ်နှင့်သံလိုက်စက်ကွင်း။ ဒါဟာဂျိမ်းစာရေး Maxwell ဟုခေါ်ရူပဗေဒပညာရှင်ဖြစ်ခဲ့သည် အဲဒီနှစျခုရှုထောင့်ဖြစ်ကြောင်းရှာဖွေတွေ့ရှိတဲ့သူ တူညီတဲ့အရာနှင့်ဆင်းသက်လာ လြှပျစစျ၏အံ့ဩဘွယ်သောအကြော့စည်းမျဉ်းစည်းကမ်းတွေကို နဲ့အလင်းတစ်ခုလျှပ်စစ်သံလိုက်လှိုင်းခဲ့ကြောင်းဆိုခဲ့။ လျှပ်စစ်သံလိုက်လည်းလျှပ်စစ်မီးလုံးကိုရှင်းပြသည်။ နည်းနည်းပြန်ခုန်, ဂန္ mechanics ရဲ့ နယူတန်ရဲ့ဥပဒေများနှင့်အဖုံးများနှင့်ဆက်စပ်သောဖြစ်ပါတယ် ယင်းဂုဏ်သတ္တိများနှင့်အစိုင်အခဲအရာဝတ္ထုများ၏ရွေ့လျားမှု, ဘယ်လိုတပ်ဖွဲ့များကသူတို့ကိုဝင်တိုက်တဲ့အခါမှာသူတို့ကရွှေ့, သူတို့အတူတကွပူးပေါင်းကြသောအခါအဘယျသို့ဖြစ်ပျက်, ဂီယာသို့မဟုတ်အဆောက်အဦများသို့မဟုတ်တံတားများအတွက်လိုပဲ။ အရည် mechanics ရဲ့ဖော်ပြချက်ဖြစ်ပါသည် အရည်များနှင့်ဓာတ်ငွေ့များစီးဆင်းမှု၏။ သငျသညျအထဲကအလုပ်လုပ်နိုင်အရည် mechanics ရဲ့အသုံးပြုခြင်း တစ်ဦးလေယာဉ်ပျံရဲ့တောင်ပံကနေဘယ်လောက်ဓာတ်လှေကားထုတ်ပေးသည် သို့မဟုတ်တစ်ကားကိုဘယ်လိုလေခွင်းဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ အရည်စက်ပြင်, နာမည်ဆိုးခက်ခဲသည် အများအားဖြင့်အလွန်သေးငယ်သောအရာလှုပ်ရှားမှုကိုဘာဖြစ်လို့လဲဆိုတော့ မော်လီကျူးများကဲ့သို့တကယ်တကယ်အစာရှောင်ခြင်းရှုပ်ထွေးရ။ ဘယ် Chaos သီအိုရီမှကျွန်တော်တို့ကိုဦးဆောင်နေသည်။ Turkish: Bu da bizi elektromanyetizmaya götürür.Elektrik ve mıknatısların tanımı ya da daha genel anlamıyla elektrik ve manyetik alanın. James Clerk Maxwell bunların aynı şeyin iki parçası olduğunu keşfetti ve elektromanyetizmanın zarif kurallarını türetti ışığın elektromanyetik bir dalga olduğu teorisini öne sürdü. Elektromanyetizma ayrıca elektriğe dair her şeyi açıklayabiliyor. Biraz geriye gittiğimizde, klasik mekanik Newton’un yasalarıyla ilişkilidir, katı cisimlerin özelliklerini ve hareketlerini, onlara kuvvet uygulandığında nasıl hareket ettiklerini ve nasıl biraraya getirildiklerinde ortaya çıkan yapıları inceler. Dişliler, binalar ve köprüler gibi. Akışkanlar mekaniği sıvıların ve gazların akışını inceler. Akışkanlar mekaniğini kullanarak, uçakların kanatlarında üretilen taşıma kuvvetini veya bir arabanın aerodinamiğini hesaplayabilirsiniz. Akışkanlar mekaniği bilindiği üzere anlaşılması zor bir bilim dalıdır bunun sebebi moleküller gibi çok küçük cisimlerin çok hızlı bir şekilde düzenlerinin bozulmasındandır. Bu ise bizi Kaos teorisine götürür. Japanese: それらの現象が電磁気学、つまり電気と磁石の描写の発展に大きく寄与しました。 さらに一般的には、電場と磁場の理論に貢献したといえます 物理学者ジェームス・クラーク・マクスウェルは 電場と磁場とが根本的に同様なものであるという事を、エレガントな電磁方程式（マクスウェル方程式）にまとめました。 そして光が電磁波の一種であるということを理論化しました。 電磁気学はすべての電気現象を説明しています。 少し（古典物理学的な）解析力学について考えると、それはニュートンの法則をより一般的にしたものであり 個体がどのような性質を持ってどのように動き、また他の物体が衝突したときにどのように動くのかを解析し またギアや建物、ブリッジのように、（個の）物体が一つに結合した時に、どのように振る舞うのかを説明します。 流体力学は液体や気体の流れを記述しています。 それを用いれば飛行機の翼が宙に浮く現象を説明することができます。 もしくは、車両に対してどのような空気抵抗がかかるかなども計算できます(空気力学） しかし、流体力学はその難しさで悪名高く、 その理由は、分子のような微小な物質は、大変に速く、また複雑に移動しているからであります。 そこで、それを考えるのがカオス理論です。 Russian: Это подводит нас к электромагнетизму: описанию магнитов, электричества, или, точнее, электрических и магнитных полей. Физик Джеймс Клерк Максвелл открыл, что они проявления одной и той же сущности. И вывел изумительно элегантные законы электромагнетизма и теоретизировал, что свет — это электромагнитная волна. Электромагнетизм также объясняет все электрические явления. Возвращаясь немного назад, классическая механика связана с законами Ньютона и охватывает свойства и движение твердых тел, как они движутся под воздействием сил, что происходит, когда они сцеплены друг с другом, как в шестернях, зданиях или мостах. Гидродинамика описывает движение жидкостей и газов. Используя гидродинамику можно вычислить подъемную силу крыла самолета или насколько аэродинамична ваша машина. Гидродинамика довольно трудная, в основном, из-за того, движения таких мелких объектов, как молекулы, усложняется очень быстро. Что подводит нас к теории хаоса. Chinese: 这便引导我们走向电磁学： 磁和电的描述，或更一般地， 电场和磁场。 有个名为詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦的物理学家发现这是同样事情的两个方面 同时得到奇妙而优雅的 电磁学规则和 认为光是一种电磁波的理论。 电磁学还解释了所有的电力现象。 好的，再回顾到之前，经典力学 涉及到牛顿定律和固体的运动， 有力的作用时他们如何运动，当他们连接到一起时会发生什么， 如在齿轮或建筑物或桥梁之间。 流体力学是液体和气体流动的分析。 利用流体力学你能计算出飞机机翼会产生多大的升力， 或如何用空气动力学分析一辆车。 流体力学是个老大难问题， 主要是因为像微小的事情 比如快速运动的分子真的特别复杂。 这使我们开始研究混沌理论。 Bengali: এই পর্যায়ে আসা যাক ইলেক্ট্রোম্যাগনেটিসম নিয়ে: ইলেক্ট্রিসিটি এবং ম্যাগনেটিসম নিয়ে কথা, কিংবা আরো ভালোভাবে বললে তড়িৎ ও চৌম্বক ক্ষেত্র । জেমস ক্লার্ক ম্যাক্সওয়েল সেই বিজ্ঞানী যিনি ম্যাথেমেটিক্যালি দেখাতে সক্ষম হন যে এরা আসলে অভিন্ন দুটি বিষয়, এবং আরো বলেন যে আলো আসলে এক ধরনের তড়িতচ্চুম্বকীয় তরঙ্গ ইলেক্ট্রোম্যাগনেটিজম কিন্তু ইলেক্ট্রিসিটি সংক্রান্ত সবকিছুই ব্যাখ্যা করে। এবার একটু পিছিয়ে আসা যাক, classical mechanics বা চিরায়ত বলবিদ্যা মূলত নিউটনের সুত্রগুলোর উপর প্রতিষ্ঠিত এবং এটি সকল কঠিন বস্তুর বৈশিষ্ট্য এবং তাদের গতি নিয়ে আলোচনা করে, তাদের প্রতিক্রিয়া কি হয় যখন তাদের উপর বলপ্রয়োগ করা হয় এবং যখন তাদেরকে পাশাপাশি রাখা হয় যেমন গাড়ির গিয়ারে বা বিল্ডিঙে কিংবা ব্রীজে। ফ্লুইড মেকানিক্স বা প্রবাহীর বলবিদ্যা কথা বলে বিভিন্ন গ্যাস, লিকুইডের বা সাধারণভাবে কোন প্রবাহীর প্রবাহের গতিপ্রকৃতি নিয়ে ফ্লুইড মেকানিক্স জানায়, একটা বিমানের পাখা কতটা শক্তি জেনারেট করতে পারে কিংবা একটা কার কতটা অ্যারোডায়নামিক। তবে ফ্লুইড ডায়নামিক্স একেবারেই বিদঘুটে, জটিল। কারণ ছোট্ট অণুদের গতি কখনো কখনো একেবারেই লাগামছাড়া হয়ে ওঠে, পর্যবেক্ষণ হয়েওঠে কষ্টসাধ্য। যেটাকে আমরা বলতে পারি ক্যাওস থিওরী বা বিশৃঙ্খলা তত্ব। Kurdish: کە ئەمەش بەرەو کارۆموگناتیسی ڕابەریمان دەکات: وەسفی موگناتیسەکان، کارەبا یاخود گشتگیرتر کارەبا و بواری موگناتیسی فیزاوانێک بوو بە ناوی جەیمس کلارک ماکسوێڵ کە دۆزیەوە کە ئەمانە دوو ڕوخساری هەمان شتن وە بە شێوەیەکی جوان و سەرنجراکێشانە یاساکانی کارۆموگناتیسی داڕشت وە وایدانا کە ڕووناکی شەپۆلێکی کارۆموگناتیسییە هەروها کارۆموگناتیسی هەموو کارەبا شیدەکاتەوە کەمێک بازدان بەرەو دواوە، میکانیکی کلاسیکی پەیوەندی بە یاساکانی نیوتنەوە هەیە وە جوڵە و تایبەتمەندییەکانی تەنە ڕەقەکان لەخۆ دەگرێت، لەوەی کە چۆن دەجوڵێن کاتێک هێزەکانیان دەکەوێتە سەر چی ڕوودەدات کاتێک پێکەوە دەلێک وەکو ئامێرەکان یاخود بیناکان یاخود پردەکان میکانیکی شلگازەکان بریتییە لە شیکردنەوەی ڕۆیشتنی شلگازەکان و گازەکان بەهۆی بەکارهێنانی میکانیکی شلەکان دەتوانیت دەریبخەیت کە چەند وزەی بەرزکەرەوە بەرهەمدێت لە باڵێکی فڕۆکە یاخود داینامیکی هەوای سەیارە چۆنە میکانیکی شلگاز زەحمەتە بەزۆری لەبەر جوڵەی شتە وردەکان وەکو مۆڵیکوڵەکان زۆر ئاڵۆز دەبن زۆر بە خێرایی کە دبێتە پێشەنگ بۆ تیۆری کایۆس Danish: Dette fører os til elektromagnetisme: beskrivelsen af magneter, elektricitet, eller mere generelt, elektriske og magnetiske felter. Det var fysikeren James Clerk Maxwell der opdagede, at det er to aspekter af de samme ting. Han udledte den elegante teori om elektromagnetisme og foreslog at lyset var en elektromagnetisk bølge. Elektromagnetisme forklarer også alt om elektricitet. Klassisk mekanik omhandler Newtons love og dækker egenskaber og bevægelse af faste genstande hvordan de bevæger sig, når kræfterne virker på dem og hvad der sker når de forbindes med hinanden ligesom i gear eller bygninger, eller broer. Fluid mekanik er beskrivelsen af strømmen af ​​væsker og gasser. Ved hjælp af fluid mekanik kan du bestemme, hvor meget opdrift der skabes af en flyvemaskines vinge eller hvor aerodynamisk en bil er. Fluid mekanik er notorisk vanskeligt, primært fordi bevægelserne af bittesmå genstande som molekyler bliver virkelig kompliceret virkelig hurtig. Hvilket fører os til kaos teori. Italian: Questo ci porta all'elettromagnetismo: la descrizione dei magneti, dell'elettricità o, più in generale, dei campi elettrici e dei campi magnetici. Il fisico James Clerk Maxwell scoprì che questi due aspetti sono la stessa cosa e scrisse le magnifiche ed eleganti leggi dell'elettromagnetismo e teorizzò che la luce fosse un'onda elettromagnetica. L'elettromagnetismo spiega anche l'elettricità. Torniamo indietro un attimo, la meccanica classica si collega alle leggi di Newton e interessa le proprietà e il moto degli oggetti solidi, cioè come si muovono quando la forza li "tocca" e cosa succede quando sono uniti, come negli ingranaggi o nei palazzi, o nei ponti. La meccanica dei fluidi descrive il moto dei liquidi e dei gas. Grazie ad essa, si può calcolare quanta portanza è generata dalle ali di un aereo o quanto è aerodinamica una automobile. La meccanica dei fluidi è notoriamente difficile perché il moto delle piccole cose, come le molecole, è molto complicato e molto veloce. Questo ci porta alla teoria del caos. Spanish: Esto nos conduce al electromagnetismo: la descripción del magnetismo, electricidad, o mas generalmente campos eléctricos y magnéticos. Un físico, llamado James Clerk Maxwell, descubrió que estos son dos aspectos de la misma cosa, y dedujo maravillosamente reglas muy elegantes del electromagnetismo y teorizó que la luz es una onda electromagnética. El electromagnetismo también explica todos los fenómenos de la electricidad. Volviendo un poco hacia atrás, la mecánica clásica se relaciona con las leyes de Newton y abarca las propiedades y el movimiento de los objetos sólidos, como estos se mueven cuando fuerzas actúan sobre ellos, y que sucede cuando estos son agrupados, como en un tren de engranajes o edificios o puentes. La mecánica de los fluidos, describe el flujo de líquidos y gases. Utilizando mecánica de los fluidos, se puede determinar cual sera la fuerza de sustentación del ala de un avión, o la aerodinámica de un automóvil. La mecánica de los fluidos es notoriamente difícil, ya que es debida al movimiento de diminutas partículas, como moléculas, que hace que las cosas se compliquen rápidamente. Esto nos conduce al la teoría del caos. English: This leads us to electromagnetism: the description of magnets, electricity, or more generally, electric and magnetic fields. It was a Physicist called James Clerk Maxwell who discovered that these are two aspects of the same thing and derived the wonderfully elegant rules of electromagnetism and theorized that light was an electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetism also explains all of electricity. Jumping back a little bit, classical mechanics is related to Newton’s laws and covers the properties and motion of solid objects, how they move when forces hit them, what happens when they are joined together, like in gears or buildings, or bridges. Fluid mechanics is the description of the flow of liquids and gasses. Using fluid mechanics you can work out how much lift is generated from an aeroplane’s wing, or how aerodynamic a car is. Fluid mechanics is notoriously difficult, mostly because motions of tiny things like molecules get really complicated really fast. Which leads us to Chaos theory. Vietnamese: Nó dẫn tới điện từ học: môn học về từ tính, điện và nói chung hơn là từ trường và điện trường. Nhà vật lý James Clerk Maxwell là người phát hiện ra đây là 2 mặt của một trường chung và đề ra quy luật tuyệt vời của điện từ trường. và đưa ra giả thuyết ánh sáng là 1 sóng điện từ. Điện từ học cũng giải thích mọi hiện tượng của điện học Lùi lại một chút, cơ học cổ điển cũng liên quan tới các quy luật của Newton các thuộc tính và chuyển động của vật rắn, cách nó chuyển động khi bị lực tác động cách chúng liên kết với nhau như những bánh răng, những tòa nhà hay cây cầu. Cơ học chất lưu là môn nghiên cứu dòng chảy của chất lỏng và chất khí. Dùng cơ học chất lưu , bạn có thể biết được lực nâng được tạo ra từ cánh của máy bay hoặc khí động lực học của một chiếc xe. Cơ học chất lưu nổi tiếng là một môn học khó vì chuyển động của những thứ rất nhỏ như nguyên tử có thể trở nên phức tạp rất nhanh chóng. Nó dẫn chúng ta đến với thuyết hỗn mang Modern Greek (1453-): Αυτό μας οδήγησε στον Ηλεκτρομαγνητισμό: την περιγραφή των μαγνητών, του ηλεκτρισμού και γενικότερα των ηλεκτρικών και μαγνητικών πεδίων. Ηταν ο φυσικός James Clerk Maxwell που ανακάλυψε οτι αυτά, ειναι δύο όψεις του ίδιου πράγματος, εξήγαγε τους κομψότατους νόμους του ηλεκτρομαγμητισμού και οτι το φως ήταν ηλεκτρομαγνητικό κύμα. Ο ηλεκτρομαγνητισμός εξηγεί επίσης και όλο τον ηλεκτρισμό. Πηγαίνοντας λίγο πίσω, ή κλασική μηχανική σχετίζεται με τους Νόμους του Νευτωνα, που καλύπτουν τις ιδιοτητες και τη κίνηση των στερεών σωμάτων κατω από την επίδραση δυνάμεων, και τι συμβαίνει οταν αυτά αλληλεπιδρούν, όπως στα γρανάζια, στα κτήρια ή τα γεφύρια. Η μηχανική των ρευστών ειναι η περιγραφή της ροής των υγρών και των αερίων. Χρησιμοποιώντας τη μηχανική των ρευστών, υπολογίζουμε πόση άνωση παράγεται από τα φτερά του αεροπλάνου, ή πόσο αεροδυναμικό ειναι ένα αυτοκίνητο. Η μηχανική των ρευστών είναι εμφανώς δύσκολη διότι οι κινήσεις μικρών σωματιδίων όπως τα μόρια, γίνονται πολύπλοκες και πολύ γρήγορες. Αυτό μας οδηγεί στη Θεωρία του Χάους. Portuguese: Isso nos leva até o Eletromagnetismo: a descrição de ímãs, eletricidade, ou de forma mais geral, campos elétrico e magnético. Foi um físico chamado James Clerk Maxwell quem descobriu que esses são dois aspectos da mesma coisa e produziu as maravilhosamente elegantes leis do eletromagnetismo e desenvolveu a teoria de que a luz seria uma onda eletromagnética. Eletromagnetismo também explica tudo sobre eletricidade. Pulando de volta um pouco, mecânica clássica está relacionada com as Leis de Newton e cobre as propriedades e movimentos de objetos sólidos, como eles se movem quando força os atinge, e o que acontece quando elas se juntam, como em engrenagens ou construções, ou pontes. Mecânica dos fluidos é a descriçao do fluxo de líquidos e gases. Usando mecânica dos fluidos você pode calcular quanto empuxo é gerado pela asa de um avião ou quanto aerodinâmico é um carro. Mecânica dos fluidos é notoriamente difícil, majoritariamente porque movimentos de pequenas coisas como moléculas ficam bem complicados muito rápido. O que nos leva à Teoria do Caos iw: מה שמוביל אותנו לאלקטרומגנטיקה: התיאור של מגנטים וחשמל, או באופן כללי יותר: שדות מגנטיים וחשמליים. פיזיקאי בשם ג'יימס קלרק מקסוול היה זה שגילה שאלו בעצם שני אספקטים של אותה תופעה, וניסח את הכללים האלגנטיים להפליא של האלקטרומגנטיות, ושיער כי אור הוא גל אלקטרומגנטי. בנוסף, אלקטרומגנטיות מסבירה את כל תורת החשמל. אם נקפוץ קצת חזרה, מכניקה קלאסית קשורה לחוקי ניוטון, ומכסה את התכונות של עצמים מוצקים ושל תנועתם. איך הם נעים בהשפעת כוחות, ואיך אפשר לחבר ביניהם, כמו בגלגלי שיניים, בניינים או גשרים. מכניקת הזורמים, מתארת את הזרימה של נוזלים וגזים. באמצעות מכניקת זורמים, אפשר לחשב כמה עילוי נוצר על ידי כנף של מטוס, או כמה מכונית מסוימת היא אווירודינמית. מכניקת הזורמים ידועה לשמצה ברמת הקושי שלה. בעיקר, משום שתנועתם של דברים זעירים כמו מולקולות, מסתבכת מאוד מהר מאוד. מה שמוביל אותנו לתורת הכאוס. Portuguese: Isto leva-nos ao Eletromagnetismo: a descrição de ímanes, eletricidade, ou de maneira geral, campos elétricos e magnéticos. Foi um físico chamado James Clerk Maxwell quem descobriu que estes eram duas faces da mesma moeda, derivou as belas e elegantes regras do eletromagnetismo e teorizou que a luz era uma onda eletromagnética. O Eletromagnetismo também explica tudo sobre eletricidade. Voltando um pouco atrás: a mecânica clássica está relacionada com as Leis de Newton e aborda as propriedades e o movimentos de objetos sólidos, como se movem quando uma força atua sobre eles, e o que acontece quando estão ligados, como em engrenagens, prédios ou pontes. A Mecânica dos Fluidos é a descrição do fluxo dos líquidos e gases. Usando a mecânica dos fluidos pode-se descobrir quanta sustentação é gerada pela asa de um avião, ou quão aerodinâmico é um carro. A mecânica dos fluidos é notoriamente difícil, muito porque o movimento de coisas pequenas como moléculas fica muito complicado muito rápido. O que nos leva à Teoria do Caos. Swedish: Detta leder oss till elektromagnetism: beskrivningen av magneter, el, eller mer generellt, elektriska och magnetiska fält. Det var en fysiker som heter James Clerk Maxwell som upptäckte att det här är två aspekter av samma sak och härledd elektromagnetismens underbart eleganta regler och teoretiserade att ljus var en elektromagnetisk våg. Elektromagnetism förklarar också all el. Hoppar lite tillbaka, klassisk mekanik är relaterad till Newtons lagar och omslag egenskaper och rörelse hos fasta föremål, hur de rör sig när krafter träffar dem, vad händer när de förenas, som i växlar eller byggnader eller broar. strömningsmekanik är beskrivningen av vätskor och gaser. Med hjälp av strömningsmekanik kan du träna hur mycket hiss som genereras från en flygplanets vinge, eller hur aerodynamisk en bil är. strömningsmekanik är notoriskt svårt, mest på grund av rörelser av små saker som molekyler blir riktigt komplicerade riktigt snabbt. Som leder oss till kaosteori. French: Ce qui nous amène à l’électromagnétisme : la description des aimants, de l'électricité ou plus généralement des champs électriques et magnétiques. C'est un physicien appelé James Clerk Maxwell qui a découvert que l'électricité et le magnétisme sont deux aspects différents de la même chose. Il a formulé les superbes équations de l'électromagnétisme et découvert que la lumière était une onde électromagnétique. L’électromagnétisme explique également le fonctionnement de l'électricité. Revenons un peu en arrière. La mécanique classique est liée aux lois de Newton et couvre les propriétés et déplacements d'objets solides, comment ils bougent quand une force leur est appliquée, et ce qu'il se passe quand ils sont associés, comme dans les engrenages, les bâtiments ou les ponts. La mécanique des fluides correspond aux mouvements des liquides et des gaz. En utilisant la mécanique des fluides, on peut comprendre la portance générée par les ailes d'un avion ou l'aérodynamisme d'une voiture. La mécanique des fluides est réputée difficile car le déplacement de minuscules objets comme les molécules devient rapidement très complexe. Ce qui nous amène à la théorie du chaos. German: Das bringt uns zum Elektromagnetismus: der Beschreibung von Magneten, Elektrizität und, allgemeiner, elektrischen und magnetischenFeldern. Es war ein Physiker namens James Clerk Maxwell, der entdeckte, dass diese zwei Eigenschaften der gleichen Sache sind und leitete wunderbar elegante Regeln des Elektromagnetismus ab und stellte Theorien über das Licht als elektromagnetische Welle auf. Elektromagnetismus erklärt auch die gesamte Elektrizität. Um nochmal etwas zurück zu springen: Die klassische Mechanik ist mit Newtons Gesetzen verwandt und umfasst die Eigenschaften und Bewegungen fester Objekte, wie sie sich bewegen, wenn sie von Kräften getroffen werden, und was passiert, wenn sie miteinander verbunden werden, wie in Geräten, Gebäuden oder Brücken. Strömungsmechanik ist die Beschreibung der Ströme von Flüssigkeiten und Gasen. Mit Strömungsmechanik kann man herausfinden, wie viel Auftrieb durch den Flügel eines Flugzeugs generiert wird oder wie aerodynamisch ein Auto ist. Strömungsmechanik ist berüchtigt für seine Schwierigkeit, vor allem, weil Bewegungen kleiner Sachen wie Molekülen sehr schnell sehr kompliziert werden. Was uns zur Chaostheorie bringt. Korean: 이것은 우리를 자석과 전기에 대한 학문인 전자기학으로 이끕니다 좀 더 포괄적으로 말한다면 전기장과 자기장에 대한 학문이죠 이 동일한 것(빛)을 보고 두 가지 양상을 발견하고 아주 아름답고 우아한 전자기 법칙을 만든 사람이 제임스 클러크 맥스웰입니다 그는 빛이 전자기파라는 것을 이론으로 정리했습니다 전자기학은 또한 모든 전기를 설명합니다. 약간 뒤로 돌아와서, 고전 역학은 뉴턴의 법칙과 관련이 있으며, 물체의 성질과 고체의 움직임, 그리고 힘이 작용했을 때 이들이 어떻게 움직이는지, 기어, 건물, 교량에서처럼 이것들이 함께 일어날 때 어떤 일이 일어나는 지를 설명해주죠 유체 역학은 액체와 기체의 흐름에 관한 학문입니다 유체 역학을 이용하면 비행기 날개에서 얼마나 많은 양력이 발생하는지, 자동차가 얼마나 공기역학적인지 알 수 있죠 유체 역학은 악명 높게 어렵습니다. 왜냐면 분자같이 작은 것들의 움직임들이 아주 빠르고 복잡하게 일어나기 때문입니다 그렇게 혼돈 이론(카오스 이론)이 탄생합니다 Indonesian: Hal ini membawa kita ke elektromagnetisme: deskripsi magnet, listrik, atau lebih umum, listrik dan medan magnet. Itu adalah Fisikawan bernama James Clerk Maxwell yang menemukan bahwa ini adalah dua aspek dari hal yang sama dan berasal aturan yang mengagumkan elegan elektromagnetisme dan berteori bahwa cahaya adalah gelombang elektromagnetik. Elektromagnetisme juga menjelaskan semua listrik. mekanik melompat kembali sedikit, klasik berhubungan dengan hukum dan selimut Newton sifat dan gerak benda padat, bagaimana mereka bergerak ketika pasukan memukul mereka, apa yang terjadi ketika mereka bergabung bersama-sama, seperti di gigi atau bangunan, atau jembatan. mekanika fluida adalah deskripsi dari aliran cairan dan gas. Menggunakan mekanika fluida Anda dapat bekerja keluar berapa banyak angkat dihasilkan dari sayap pesawat terbang, atau bagaimana aerodinamis mobil adalah. mekanika fluida ini sangat sulit, terutama karena gerakan hal kecil seperti molekul mendapatkan benar-benar rumit benar-benar cepat. Yang membawa kita untuk teori Chaos. Polish: To nas prowadzi wprost do elektromagnetyzmu - opisu magnetyzmu, elektryczności, a bardziej ogólnie pola elektrycznego i magnetycznego. Żył kiedyś fizyk noszący imię James Clerk Maxwell, który odkrył, że oba te aspekty w istocie są jednym i tym samym oraz wyprowadził niesamowicie eleganckie równania opisujące elektromagnetyzm, jak również wysnuł hipotezę, że światło jest falą. Elektromagnetyzm wyjaśnia także elektryczność. Wracając, mechanika klasyczna jest związana z prawami Newtona i opisuje właściwości i ruch stałych obiektów, jak się zachowują pod wpływem siły i co się dzieje, kiedy na siebie oddziałują - np. koła zębate, budynki czy mosty. Mechanika płynów to opis tego, jak zachowują się płyny i gazy. Używając mechaniki płynów możesz wyznaczyć siłę nośną, jaką generuje skrzydło samolotu, lub jak bardzo aerodynamiczny kształt posiada samochód. Mechanika płynów jest dość skomplikowana, ponieważ ruch bardzo małych obiektów, jak np. cząsteczki, bardzo trudno jest modelować. A to prowadzi nas do teorii chaosu. Thai: สิ่งนี้นำเราไปสู่ วิชาแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้า ที่อธิบายถึง แม่เหล็ก ไฟฟ้า ซึ่งส่วนใหญ่ ก็คือ สนามไฟฟ้า และสนามแม่เหล็ก นั่นเอง นักฟิสิกส์ที่ชื่อ เจมส์ เคลิก แมกซ์เวลล์ เป็นผู้ที่อธิบายว่า ปรากฎการณ์ทั้งสองนี้ เป็นสิ่งเดียวกันและพิสูจน์ กฎที่งดงามยิ่งของแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้า และนิยามทฤษฎีที่แสงเป็นคลื่นแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้า วิขาแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้ายังอธิบาย ทุก ๆ สิ่งในวิขาไฟฟ้าด้วย ถอยกลับไปนิด กลศาสตร์แบบฉบับ ยังสัมพันธ์กับกฎนิวตัน และคลอบคลุมถึง สมบัติและการเคลื่อนที่ของวัตถุที่เป็น ของแข็ง ว่าเป็นอย่างไรเมื่อมีแรงกระทำ จะเกิดอะไรขึ้น ถ้าวัตถุต่าง ๆ อยู่ร่วมกัน ในระบบเกียร์ หรือสิ่งก่อสร้าง หรือสะพาน กลศาสตร์ของไหลอธิบายถึง การไหลของของเหลวและแก๊ส กลศาสตร์ของไหลช่วยให้คุณคำนวณ แรงยกที่เกิดจากปีกเครื่องบิน หรืออากาศพลศาสตร์ของรถยนต์ได้ กลศาสตร์ของไหลอาจดูยุ่งยากมาก ซึ่งส่วนใหญ่ เมื่อใช้พิจารณาการเคลื่อนที่ของสิ่งเล็ก ๆ เช่นโมเลกุลของแก๊ส ซึ่งรวดเร็วและซับซ้อนจริงๆ จึงทำให้เราไปสู่ทฤษฎีเคออส Dutch: Dit leidt tot ElectroMagnetisme: de beschrijving van magneten, electriciteit , of meer algemeen, electrische en magnetische velden. De Natuurkundige James Clerk Maxwell ontdekte dat deze twee aspecten van elkaar zijn, en leidde elegante wetten af , en bedacht dat licht een electromagnetisch golfverschijnsel was. Electromagnetisme verklaart ook alles over elektriciteit. Terugspringend, klassieke natuurkunde is gerelateerd aan Newton's wetten en beslaat de eigenschappen en beweging van massieve opbjecten, hoe die bewegen als ze geraakt worden, en hoe het zich gedraagt als ze met elkaar verbonden zijn, zoals in gebouwen bruggen en tandwielen. Vloeistof mechanica is de beschrijving van de stroom van vloeistoffen en gassen. Met vloeistof mechanica kun je uitrekenen hoeveel opwaartse kracht op een vleugel onstaat, of hoe aerodynamisch een auto is. Vloeistof mechanica is berucht om de moeilijkheid, voornamelijk omdat de beweging van zoveel kleine atomen en moleculen bijzonder complex is. Wat ons leidt naar de Chaos-theorie. Catalan: Això ens porta a l'Electromagnetisme; l'estudi dels imants i l'electricitat; és a dir, els camps elèctric i magnètic. Va ser el físic James Clerk Maxwell qui va descobrir que Electricitat i Magnetisme no eren més que dues manifestacions d'un mateix fenòmen i va postular que la llum era una ona electromagnètica. Tornant una mica enrere, la Mecànica Clàssica de Newton descriu el moviment d'objectes sòlids i el seu comportament sota l'acció de forces i que passa quan diferents sòlids s'ajunten formant un sistema (com ara engranatges o edificis). La Mecànica de Fluids estudia líquids i gasos, de manera que ens permet determinar l'efecte de les ales en l'elevació d'un avió o saber quant aerodinàmic és un cotxe. La Mecànica de Fluids és un camp realment difícil ja que el moviment d'estructures molt petites, com ara les molècules, es complica ràpidament. Això ens porta a la Teoria del Caos, Czech: To nás pomalinku přivádí k elektromagnetizmu: popisu chování magnetů, elektřiny nebo více obecně k popisu elektrických a magnetických polí. Byl to až fyzik James Clerk Maxwell, který odhalil, že tyto svě věci jsou jen dvěma stranami stejné mince a odvodil díky tomu překrásně elegantní zákony elektromagnetizmu a předpověděl, že světlo je elektromagnetickou vlnou. Elektromagnetické zákony také vysvětlují všechno chování elektřiny. Vraťme se trochu zpátky. Klasická mechanika je úzce spjatá s Newtonovými zákony a popisuje vlastnosti a pohyb tuhýh těles, jak se pohybují když na ně působí síla co se s nimi děje když je nějak spojíte k sobě, jako například ve strojích, budovách či mostech. Mechanika tekutin popisuje tečení kapalin a plynů Pomocí mechaniky tekutin můžete vypočítat jaký má vztlak křídlo letadla, nebo jak je nějaké auto aerodynamické. Mechanika tekutin je pověstná svou obtížností. To je způsobené tím, že počítat pohyby obrovské hromady malých věcí jakou jsou molekuly začne být velmi rychle velmi komplikované. A to nás přivádí k teorii chaosu. Hungarian: Ez elvezet minket az elektromágnesességhez: a mágnesek és az elektromosság leirásához, vagy még általánosabban, az elektromos és a mágneses mezőkhöz. Létezett egy fizikus, akit James Clerk Maxwellnek hivtak és fölfedezte, hogy ezek két aspektusai ugyanazon dolognak és levezette a lenyűgözően elegáns szabályait az elektromágnesességnek és teorizálta hogy a fény is egy elektromágneses hullám. Az elektromágnesesség megmagyaráz minden elektromos jelenséget is. Ugorjunk vissza kicsit a klasszikus mechanikára, ami Newton törvényeihez köthető és lefedi a mozgás szilárd testek mozgási jellemzőit, hogy mozognak, ha erő hat rájuk, és mi történik ha össze vanna kapcsolva, mint a fogaskerekek, az épületek vagy a hidak. Az áramlástan (Fluid mecanics) a folyadékok és a gázok leirása. Az áramléstan segitségével ki tudod számolni, mekkora felhajtóerő keletkezik a repülőgép szárnya körül, vagy mennyire aerodinamikus egy autó Az áramlástan hirhedten nehéz, főleg azért, mert az apró dolgok mozgása, mint a molekulák nagyon komplikáltá válnak nagyon gyorsan. ami a káosz elmélethez vezet minket Arabic: نظرية الفوضى هي وصف مجمع كبير للأنظمة وكيف يمكن للإختلافات الصغيرة في الظروف الأولية يمكن أن تؤدي إلى نتائج نهائية مختلفة جدا. الديناميكا الحرارية هي وصف للطاقة وكيف تنتقل من شكل إلى آخر. ويشمل أيضا الانتروبيا التي تي مقياس النظام والفوضى، و تقول في الأساس كم هي مفيدة أنواع المختلفة الطاقة. الطاقة هي خاصية أساسية في الفيزياء وعلى الرغم من أنني قد كتبت الطاقة هنا كان علي أن أكتبها في كل مكان لأن كل شيء لديه طاقة وكان هذا كل الفيزياء الكلاسيكية، صورة الكون التي كانت في سنة 1900 ظننا اننا نعيش في كون حيث ان كل شيء منظم مثل عمل الساعة، ويمكنك قياس كل شيء بشكل مضبوط، المستقبل كان بشكل ما محدد مسبقا ومع ذلك، لم يكن كل شيء محلولا، كانت هناك ثغرات في التجارب لمحت إلى شيء آخر. Indonesian: teori chaos adalah deskripsi sistem yang kompleks besar dan perbedaan seberapa kecil di kondisi awal dapat menyebabkan hasil akhir yang sangat berbeda. Termodinamika adalah deskripsi energi dan bagaimana melewati dari satu bentuk ke bentuk lainnya. Ini juga mencakup entropi yang adalah ukuran ketertiban dan gangguan, dan pada dasarnya memberitahu Anda bagaimana berbagai jenis berguna energi. Energi adalah milik mendasar untuk fisika dan meskipun saya telah menulis energi di sini, Seharusnya aku menulis di mana-mana di peta ini karena semuanya memiliki energi. Sehingga semua fisika klasik, gambar Alam Semesta kita memiliki sekitar tahun 1900. Ini memberitahu kita hidup di alam semesta di mana segala sesuatu berlari semacam seperti jam, jika Anda bisa mengukur semuanya cukup akurat masa depan adalah jenis yang telah ditentukan. Namun, tidak semuanya diselesaikan, ada hanya beberapa lubang dalam eksperimen yang mengisyaratkan sesuatu yang lebih. Orbit Merkurius sedikit terlalu cepat dan beberapa hal aneh terjadi Russian: Теория хаоса — это описание больших сложных систем и того, как малые изменения в начальных условиях могут привести к совершенно различным последствиям. Термодинамика — это описание энергетических процессов, как энергия перетекает из одного состояния в другое. Она включает в себя энтропию, мера порядка и беспорядка, и, в принципе, рассказывает, насколько полезны различные типы энергии. Энергия — фундаментальное понятие в физике, и хотя я и написал "энергия" здесь, надо было написать это везде на этой карте, поскольку у всего есть энергия. Итак, это вся классическая физика, картина Вселенной до 1900-х годов. Она говорила нам, что мы живем во Вселенной, в которой все работает как часы, если бы вы могли измерить всё с необходимой точностью, будущее было бы предопределено. Однако, не всё было решено, было несколько пробелов в экспериментах, которые намекали на что-то ещё. Движение Меркурия немного быстрое, iw: תורת הכאוס היא תיאור של מערכות גדולות ומורכבות, וכיצד שינויים קטנים בתנאי ההתחלה, עשויים להוליך לתוצאות סופיות שונות לגמרי. תרמודינמיקה היא התיאור של אנרגיה ואיך היא מחליפה צורה. היא כוללת בתוכה 'אנטרופיה', מושג המשמש למדידה של סדר ואי סדר, ובגדול אומר לך עד כמה שימושיים הם סוגים שונים של אנרגיה. אנרגיה היא תכונה בסיסית בפיזיקה, ולמרות שכתבתי אותה כאן, הייתי צריך לכתוב אותה בכל מקום, כי לכל דבר יש אנרגיה. אז כיסינו פיזיקה קלאסית, תמונת העולם שהייתה לנו עד בערך 1900. היא אמרה לנו שאנחנו חיים ביקום בו הכל עובד כמו שעון: אם יכולת למדוד כל דבר בדיוק מספק, יכולת לצפות את העתיד. אבל, לא הכל היה פתור. נשארו כמה חורים בדמות ניסויים שרמזו שיש משהו נוסף. Chinese: 混沌理论是大型复杂系统的描述， 以及初始条件的细微差异 可以导致完全不同的最终结果。 热力学是描述能量和 能量如何从一种形式转变到另一种。 它也包括衡量能量有序和无序的熵，基本上告诉 你不同种类的能量的有用程度。 能源是物理学的基本属性 尽管我只在这里写能量， 但是我应该将能量写在任何地方，因为能量无处不在。 以上这些就是我们所谓的经典物理学，大约在20世纪，我们的所理解的宇宙就是如此。 它告诉我们，我们生活在有点像上了发条的时钟，只要我们去测量，就能随时精确的 预测所有的事情，以及预判未来。 然而，并非一切都解决了，还有 几个不能解释的实验漏洞 在提示着我们还有别的一些事情。 Turkish: Kaos teorisi, büyük ölçekli karmaşık sistemlerde, başlangıç değerlerindeki çok küçük değişimlerin sonuçlarda çok büyük farklılıklara yol açmasını inceler. Termodinamik enerjinin bir formdan başka bir forma dönüşümü ile ilgilenir. Ayrıca düzenin ve düzensizliğin ölçüsü olan entropiyi ve enerjinin farklı formlarının kullanılabilirliği ile ilgilenir. Enerji fiziğin temel özelliğidir ve enerjiyi yalnızca buraya yazmama rağmen aslında her yere yazmalıyım çünkü her şeyin enerjisi vardır. Klasik fiziğin tamamı bundan ibarettir. 1900 yılında insanoğlunun bildiği evrenin resmi budur. Bu resim bize , her şeyin saatin çalışması gibi düzenli bir şekilde işlediği bir evrende yaşadığımızı söyler. Eğer her şeyi kesin olarak ölçebilirsek geleceğin önceden tahmin edilebileceği düşünülüyordu. Ancak yine de her şey çözümlenebilmiş değildi.Bazı deneylerde başka bir şeyi işaret eden bilinmeyen sonuçlar elde ediliyordu. French: La théorie du chaos décrit le comportement de grands systèmes complexes et la manière dont de minuscules différences dans les conditions initiales d'un système peuvent mener à des résultats très différents. La thermodynamique décrit l'énergie et son passage d'une forme à une autre. Cela comprend également l’entropie, la mesure de l'ordre et du désordre qui explique à quel point les différents types d'énergies sont utiles. L'énergie est une propriété fondamentale de la physique et même si j'ai écrit "énergie" ici, j'aurais du l'écrire partout car TOUT a de l'énergie. C'est donc tout ce que comprend la physique classique, l'image du l'univers que nous avions autour des années 1900. Cette physique nous affirme que nous vivons dans un univers où tout est réglé comme une horloge. Cela implique si vous pouviez tout mesurer assez précisément, alors vous pourriez prédire le futur sans erreur. Cependant, tout n'était pas résolu à l'époque. Il y avait juste quelques détails qui échappaient à la compréhension des scientifiques et laissaient entrevoir une autre physique. Polish: Teoria chaosu to opis wielkich, złożonych systemów i tego, jak nawet małe, początkowe zmiany mogą prowadzić do zupełnie odmiennych rezultatów. Termodynamika jest opisem energii i tego, jak przekształca się z jednej postaci w inne. Porusza również temat entropii, która jest miarą porządku oraz nieuporządkowania i w ogólności mówi nam, jak bardzo użyteczne są równe formy energii. Energia jest jednym z podstawowych własności w fizyce i choć o energii piszę dopiero tutaj, powinienem raczej pisać o energii wszędzie - bo wszystko jest energią. A więc to jest streszczenie fizyki klasycznej - obrazu wszechświata, który mieliśmy około roku 1900. Mówi ona, że wszystko działa jak w zegarku, a jeśli mógłbyś wszystko zmierzyć odpowiednio dokładnie, przyszłość nie byłaby dla ciebie z góry określona. Jednakże nie wszystko było wyjaśnione - istniały pewne luki w eksperymentach, które wskazywały na coś więcej. Burmese: ပရမ်းပတာသီအိုရီဖော်ပြချက်ဖြစ်ပါသည် ကြီးမားရှုပ်ထွေးသောစနစ် ကနဦးအခြေအနေများအတွက်နှင့်မည်သို့သေးငယ်တဲ့ကွဲပြားခြားနားမှု အလွန်ကွဲပြားခြားနားတဲ့နောက်ဆုံးရလဒ်ဖြစ်ပေါ်စေနိုင်ပါသည်။ အပူစွမ်းအင်သိပ္ပံဘာသာရပ်စွမ်းအင်၏ဖော်ပြချက်ဖြစ်ပါသည် ဘယ်လိုတယောက်ကိုတယောက်ပုံစံကနေဖြတ်သန်းပါတယ်။ ဒါဟာအစတစ်ဦးအတိုင်းအရှည်ဖြစ်သည့် entropy ပါဝင်သည် အမိန့်များနှင့်ရောဂါ၏, နှင့်အခြေခံအားဖြင့် သငျသညျစွမ်းအင်အမျိုးအစားအမျိုးမျိုးရှိပါတယ်ဘယ်လောက်အသုံးဝင်ပြောပြသည်။ စွမ်းအင်ဝန်ကြီးဌာနရူပဗေဒမှအခြေခံပစ္စည်းဥစ္စာပိုင်ဆိုင်မှုဖြစ်ပါသည် နှင့်ပေမယ့်ငါကဒီမှာစွမ်းအင်ရေးထားပြီ, ငါနေရာတိုင်းကရေးထားပြီသငျ့သညျ အရာအားလုံးစွမ်းအင်ရှိပါတယ်ဘာဖြစ်လို့လဲဆိုတော့ဒီမြေပုံပေါ်မှာ။ ဒီတော့အကြောင်း, ပုံဂန္ထဝင်ရူပဗေဒအားလုံးဖြစ်ပါတယ် စကြဝဠာ၏ငါတို့သည်အနှစ်က 1900 ဝန်းကျင်ရှိခဲ့သည်။ ဒါဟာကျနော်တို့ကဠာဘယ်မှာအရာရာတှငျနထေိုငျကျွန်တော်တို့ကိုပြောသည် သငျသညျကိုတိုင်းတာနိုင်ပါလျှင်, မျိုးမရောက်လိုပြေး တိကျစွာအလုံအလောက်အရာအားလုံးကို အနာဂတ်မှာမျိုးကြိုတင်သတ်မှတ်ထားသောခဲ့သည်။ သို့သော်အရာရာဖြေရှင်းနိုင်ခဲ့သည်မဟုတ်, တွင်းအနည်းငယ်စမ်းသပ်ချက်များတွင်ရှိကြ၏ ပိုတစ်ခုခုမှာအရိပ်အမြွက်ပြောကြား။ မာကျူရီ၏ဂြိုဟ်တုပတ်လမ်းအနည်းငယ်လည်းအစာရှောင်ခဲ့သည် တချို့ထူးဆန်းတဲ့အမှုအရာဖြစ်ပျက် Hungarian: A káosz elmélet nagy és komplex rendszerek leirása, és hogy hogy képesek kis különbségek a kezdeti állapotban nagyon különböző kimenethez vezetni. A termodinamika az energia leirása és hogy hogy képes áramolni egyik állapotból a másikba. Magábafoglalja az entrópiát is, ami a rendezettség és a rendezetlenség mértéka, alapjáraton elmondja mennyire hasznosak a különböző energiák. Az energia alapvető része az összes fizikai területnek, habár ide irtam, mindenhova odairhattam volna, mivel mindennek van energiája. Szóval ez a klasszikus fizika, a képünk az Univerzumról, amink az 1900-as évekig volt. Ami azt mondta nekünk, hogy mi olyan univerzumban élünk, ahol minden úgymond óramű szerint működik és ha képes vagy lemérni mindent pontosan, a jövőnk mondhatni előremeghatározott. Habár, nem minden volt megoldva, volt néhány luk a kisérletekban ami valami másra utalt. German: Die Chaostheorie ist die Beschreibung großer komplexer Systeme und wie kleine Unterschiede in den Anfangsbedingungen zu sehr unterschiedlichen Endergebnissen führen können. Die Thermodynamik ist die Beschreibung der Energie und wie sie sich von einer in eine andere Form verwandelt. Sie beinhaltet die Entropie, die ein Maß für Ordnung und Unordnung ist, und uns im Prinzip sagt, wie nützlich verschiedene Formen von Energie sind. Energie ist die grundlegende Eigenschaft der Physik und obwohl ich Energie hier hingeschrieben habe, hätte ich sie überall hinschreiben sollen, denn alles hat Energie. Das ist alles zur klassischen Physik, ungefähr das Bild des Universums, das wir um das Jahr 1900 herum hatten. Es sagte uns, dass wir in einem Universum lebten, in dem alles mehr oder weniger wie ein Uhrwerk funktionierte. Wenn man alles genau genug messen konnte, war die Zukunft im Prinzip vorherbestimmt. Allerdings war nicht alles gelöst. Es gab einige Lücken in Experimenten, die auf etwas anderes hindeuteten. Modern Greek (1453-): Η θεωρία του χάους ειναι μια περιγραφή μεγάλων πολύπλοκων συστημάτων και πώς μια μικρή μεταβολή στις αρχικές συνθήκες οδηγεί σε τελείως διαφορετικά τελικά αποτελέσματα. Η Θερμοδυναμική περιγράφει πως η ενέργεια μετατρέπεται από τη μια μορφή στην άλλη. Περιέχει επίσης την έννοια της Εντροπίας που ειναι ένα μετρο της τάξης ή της αταξίας και βασικά μας λέει πόσο χρήσιμες ειναι οι διάφορες μορφές ενέργειας. Η Ενέργεια είναι θεμελιώδης έννοια στη φυσική και αν και αναφέρομαι σε αυτήν σε αυτό το κομματι θα μπορούσα να γράψω γιά αυτήν παντού διότι τα πάντα έχουν ενέργεια. Αυτή λοιπόν ειναι όλη κλασική φυσική, η εικόνα του σύμπαντος, που είχαμε μέχρι το 1900 Μας έλεγε οτι ζούμε σε ένα σύμπαν όπου όλα δούλευαν σαν ρολόϊ αρκεί να μπορείς μετρήσεις οτιδήποτε με μεγάλη ακρίβεια και τότε το μέλλον μπορούσε να προκαθοριστεί. Παρόλα αυτά, δεν είχαν λυθεί τα πάντα. Υπήρχαν μερικά πειραματικά κενά που μας υποδείκνυαν οτι υπάρχει κατι άλλο. Slovenian: To nas pripelje k Teoriji kaosa. Teorija kaosa opisuje velike, kompleksne sisteme in kako majhne razlike v začetnih pogojih pripeljejo do zelo različnih končnih izidov. Termodinamika opisuje energije in pretvarjanje le-teh iz ene oblike v drugo. Vsebuje tudi entropijo, ki je merilo za urejenost in neurejenost sistema. V osnovi nam pove, kako uporabne so različne vrste energij. Energija je temeljna lastnost v fiziki. Čeprav sem napisal energija tukaj, bi jo moral napisati vsepovsod, saj ima vse energijo. Torej to je vsa klasična fizika. Slika vesolja, ki smo jo imeli okoli leta 1900. Govorila je, da živimo v vesolju, kjer vse teče kot ura. Če si vse izmeril dovolj natančno, je bila prihodnost vnaprej določena. Vendar vse ni bilo rešeno, v poskusih je bilo nekaj lukenj, ki so nakazovale na nekaj več. Merkur je krožil nekoliko prehitro. Swedish: Kaosteori är beskrivningen av stora komplexa system och hur små skillnader i initialförhållanden kan leda till mycket olika slutresultat. Termodynamik är energibeskrivningen och hur det går från en form till en annan. Det inkluderar också entropi som är ett mått av ordning och oordning, och i princip berättar hur användbara olika typer av energi är. Energi är fysisk grundläggande egenskap och även om jag har skrivit energi här, Jag borde ha skrivit det överallt på den här kartan eftersom allt har energi. Så det är all klassisk fysik, bilden av universum som vi hade runt år 1900. Det berättade för oss att vi bodde i universum där allt var körde liksom urverk, om du kunde mäta allt noggrant framtiden var typ av förutbestämd. Men inte allt löstes, det fanns bara några hål i experiment som antydde på något mer. Merkurius bana var något för snabb och några konstiga saker hände Danish: Kaos teori er beskrivelsen af ​​store komplekse systemer og hvordan små forskelle i startbetingelser kan føre til meget forskellige endelige udfald. Termodynamik er beskrivelsen af ​​energi og hvordan den omdannes fra en form til en anden. Det omfatter også entropi som er et mål af orden og uorden og som groft sagt fortæller, hvor nyttig forskellige former for energi er. Energi er en grundlæggende egenskab ved fysik, selv om jeg har skrevet energi her, burde have skrevet det overalt, fordi alt har energi. Så det er den klassiske fysik. Vores billede af universet omkring år 1900. Den fortalte os, at vi levede i et univers, der kører som et urværk. Hvis du kunne måle alt præcist nok, kunne fremtiden forudsiges. Det var dog ikke alt der var løst. Der var resultater i nogle eksperimenter, der antydede noget andet. Merkurs bane var lidt for hurtigt. Chinese: 渾沌理論描述巨大複合系統 當初始條件微小的差異 可以得到非常大差別的輸出結果 熱力學則是描述能量還有它如何從一端傳遞到另一端 還包含了一個概念"熵"用來測量有無秩序的程度，基本上 告訴你不同總類的能量如何的"有用" 能量是物理基礎的概念，所以雖然我把能量寫在這裡 不過我應該寫在這地圖的每一個地方，因為哪裡都有能量 好 所以這就是在1900年左右以前完成的所有古典物理範圍的圖像 它告訴我們，我們生處的環境中所有事情有點像時鐘一樣 如果你可以把所有事情測量得很精準，則未來是預定的 然而，不是所有事情都被解決了，有一些實驗上的漏洞 提示了我們還有些別的 Spanish: La teoría del caos, es la descripción de sistemas grandes y complejos, y como pequeñas diferencias en las condiciones iniciales, nos lleva a diferentes resultados finales. La termodinámica describe como la energía pasa de una forma a otra. Esta incluye a la entropía, que es una medida del orden o el desorden, y básicamente nos dice que tan útiles son las diferentes formas de energía. La energía es una propiedad fundamental en física y aunque haya escrito energía solo aqui debería haberla escrito en todas partes, porque todo tiene energía. Esto es todo en física clásica, la imagen del Universo que teníamos alrededor del año 1900. Nos decía que vivíamos en un Universo donde todas las cosas se movían como los engranajes de un reloj, en caso que se pudiera medir todo con la precisión necesaria, el futuro estaba ya predeterminado. Aunque, no todo estaba resuelto, existían algunas huecos en experimentos que daban la pista que había algo mas. La órbita de Mercurio, era levemente mas rápida Catalan: que ens dona una visió de sistemes molt complexes i de com petits canvis a l'estat inicial poden generar grans diferències en l'estat final. La Termodinàmica descriu l'Energia i els seus canvis d'estat. i també l'Entropia, que mesura el grau de desordre, i per tant, determina la utilitat de cada estat. L'Energia és fonamental en Física; i encara que l'he introduït aquí, ho hagués pogut fer en qualsevol moment, perquè tot té energia. Això és doncs, la Mecànica Clàssica; la visió de l'Univers que es tenia a començaments del segle XX. L'Univers funcionava com un rellotge, de manera que determinant l'estat d'un sistema es podia preveure com evolucionaria (el seu futur estava predeterminat). Però encara quedaven algunes llacunes en els experiments que suggerien que hi havia quelcom més. Finnish: Kaaosteoria kuvaa miten pienet muutoksen alkuarvoissa johtavat hyvin erilaisiin lopputuloksiin isoissa ja monimutkaisissa systeemeissä. Termodynamiikka kuvaa energiaa ja miten se muuttaa muotoaan. Siihen sisältyy myös entropia joka on järjestyksen ja sekasorron mittatikku ja se kertoo miten köyttökelposta erimuodoissa oleva energia on. Energia on keskeinen käsite fysiikassa ja vaikka olen kirjoittanut sen tänne Olisi se pitänyt kirjoittaa kaikkialle sillä kaikella on energiaa. Siinä oli siis klassinen fysiikka, kuva joka meillä oli maailmankaikkeudesta 1900 luvulla. Sen mukaan maailmankaikkeutemme toimi kellontarkasti ja jos kaiken pystyisi mittaamaan tarkasti, olisi tulevaisuus tavallaan määrätty. Kaikki ei kuitenkaan ollut selvää vain kokeissa havaittiin aukkoja jotka vihjasivat muuta. Italian: La teoria del caos descrive i sistemi complessi e quanto una piccola differenza iniziale possa modificare enormemente il risultato finale. La termodinamica descrive l'energia e come questa passa da un corpo all'altro. Include anche lo studio dell'entropia che misura l'ordine e il disordine e praticamente ci dice quanto è vantaggioso l'uso di diversi tipi di energia. L'energia è una proprietà fondamentale nella fisica, infatti ho scritto energia in grande. Avrei dovuto scrivere la parola energia ovunque perché qualunque cosa ha energia. Questo è tutto quello che riguarda la fisica classica, la fotografia dell'universo che avevamo all'inizio del Novecento. La fisica classica ci diceva che vivevamo in un universo che funzionava come una sorta di orologio, quindi si poteva misurare tutto accuratamente e il futuro poteva essere previsto. Tuttavia non tutte le questioni erano state risolte, c'erano ancora alcuni buchi negli esperimenti che suggerivano che c'era dell'altro. Galician: A teoría do caos é a descrición de sistemas grandes e complexos e de como pequenas diferenzas nas condicións iniciais poden derivar en resultados completamente diferentes. A termodinámica é a descrición da enerxía e de como pasa dunha forma a outra. Tamén inclúe a entropía, que mide a orde e a desorde e, basicamente, nos explica o útiles que son as diferentes formas de enerxía. A enerxía é unha propiedade fundamental para a física e, aínda que puxen «enerxía» aquí, debería escribilo por todas partes porque todo ten enerxía. Iso é todo na física clásica: a imaxe que tiñamos do Universo arredor do ano 1900. En teoría viviamos nun universo onde todo funcionaba como o mecanismo dun reloxo: se podías medilo todo con precisión abonda, o futuro estaba predeterminado. Porén, non estaba todo resolto. Había algunhas fallas nalgúns experimentos que facían intuír algo máis. Czech: Teorie chaosu popisuje chování obrovských komplikovaných soustav u kterých i malé rozdíly v počátečních podmínkách mohou vést k velmi odlišným konečných stavům. Termodynamika popisuje energii a jak se přeměňuje z jedné formy na jinou. Obsahuje také entropii, což je míra neuspořádanosti systému a říká nám jak jsou které formy energie použitelné. Energie je ve fyzice fundamentální vlastností a ikdyž jsem ji napsal zde měl jsem ji napsat po celé téhle mapě, protože energie je ve všem. Tak to je celá klasická fyzika. Ucelený obrázek o fungování vesmíru, tak jak jsme ho měli kolem roku 1900. Tvrdila nám, že žijeme ve vesmíru, který funguje jako hodinový strojek a pokud bychom mohli vše dostatečně přesně změřit, pak by budoucnost byla tak trochu předurčena. Avšak ne vše bylo vyřešeno. Vysvětlení některých experimentů měla své mouchy, které naznačovaly, že vše nemusí být tak jak se zdá. Merkur obíhal trošičku moc rychle a velmi divné věci se odehrávali Portuguese: A Teoria do caos é a descrição de sistemas complexos grandes e de como pequenas diferenças em condições iniciais podem levar a resultados bem diferentes. Termodinâmica é a descrição da energia e de como ela passa de uma forma para outra. O que também inclui Entropia que é a medida de ordem e desordem, e basicamente revela o quão úteis são as diferentes formas da energia. Energia é a propriedade fundamental da física e embora eu tenha escrito energia aqui, eu devia ter escrito em todo o lado porque tudo tem energia. Então isso é tudo da física clássica, a imagem que tínhamos do Universo por volta de 1900. Contou-nos que vivíamos em um Universo onde tudo ocorria mais ou menos mecanicamente, se se pudesse medir tudo de forma suficientemente precisa, o futuro estava quase predeterminado. Entretanto, nem tudo estava resolvido, havia alguns buracos em experiências que indicavam alguma coisa. Kurdish: تیۆری کایۆس بریتیە لەشیکردنەوەی سیستمە ئاڵۆزە گەورەکان وە کە چۆن جیاوازیێکی کەمی بارودۆخی سەرەتایی دەبێتە هۆی سەرەنجامێکی زۆر جیاوازی کۆتایی زانستی گواستنەوەی گەرمی بریتیە لە شیکردنەوەی وزە و چۆنیەتی گواستنەوەی وە هەروەها ئینتڕۆپی دەگرێتەوە کە بریتیە لە پێوانەی نمرەی ڕێکی و ناڕێکی بەشێوەیەکی سەرەکی باس لە گرنگی و سوودی جۆری جیاوازی وزە دەکات وزە تایبەتمەندی سەرەکییە بۆ فیزیک وە ئەگەرچی وزەم لێرەدا نوسیووه من دەبوایە ئەمەم لە هەموو شوێنێکی ئەم نەخشەیە نوسیبا چونکە هەمووشتێک وزەی هەیە ئەمە هەموو بریتی بوو لە فیزیای کلاسیکی، وێنەی گەردوون کە ئێمە هەمانبوو لە ساڵانی ١٩٩٠ پێمانی وت ئێمە لە گەردوون ژیاین کە تیایدا هەمووشتێک بەڕێوەدەچێت وەکو ئامێرێکی کاتژمێری ئەگەر بمانتوانیبا بە پێی پێویست پێوانی هەمووشتێک بکەین بە وردی ئەوا داهاتوو بەجۆرێک پێشبینیکراو دەبوو هەرچەندە هەموو شتێک شیکار نەکرا، چەند چاڵێکی کەم هەبوو لە تاقیکردنەوەکاندا کە ئاماژەی بە هەندێک شتی زیاتر دەکرد کە خولگەی عەتارد زۆر خێرایە چەند شتانێکی نامۆ ڕویاندەدا Thai: ทฤษฎีเคออสอธิบายถึงระบบที่ซับซ้อนขนาดใหญ่ และเงื่อนไขตั้งต้นที่ต่างเพียงเล็กน้อย จะไป สู่ผลลัพธ์ที่แตกต่างอย่างหลากหลายได้อย่างไร เทอร์โมไดนามิกส์อธิบายถึงพลังงานและ วิธีที่พลังงานส่งผ่านจากที่หนึ่งไปอีกที่หนึ่ง รวมถึงเอนโทรปี ที่เป็นตัวชี้วัด ความเป็นระเบียบและไม่เป็นระเบียบ และโดยพื้นฐานยังบอกคุณเกี่ยวกับ พลังงานหลากชนิดว่ามีประโยชน์อย่างไร พลังงานเป็นสมบัติพื้นฐานของฟิสิกส์ ถึงแม้ผมจะเขียนคำว่าพลังงานไว้ตรงนี้ จริง ๆ แล้ว ผมควรเขียนคำว่าพลังงานไว้ทุก ๆ ที่ บนแผนภาพนี้ เพราะทุก ๆ อย่างล้วนมีพลังงาน และนี้คือทั้งหมดของฟิสิกส์แบบฉบับ ภาพของจักรวาลที่เราได้ในปี 1900 มันบอกเราว่า เราอาศัยในจักรวาลที่ทุก ๆ สิ่ง เป็นเหมือนกลไกของนาฬิกา ถ้าคุณวัด ทุกอย่างได้แม่นยำพอ อนาคตก็จะทำนายได้ ถึงอย่างนั้น การพิสูจน์ก็ยังทำไม่ได้กับ ทุกกรณี มันยังมีช่องว่างในการทดลองบางอย่าง ที่บอกใบ้ถึงบางสิ่งที่มากขึ้น วงโคจรดาวพุธเคลื่อนที่เร็วกว่าที่คาด เล็กน้อย และมีสิ่งแปลก ๆ เกิดขึ้น Bengali: এটা আমাদের দেখায় বিশাল একটি জটিল সিস্টেমে কিভাবে ছোট্ট একটা পরিবর্তন বড় এক পরিবর্তন নিয়ে আসে ফলাফলে। তাপগতিবিদ্যা মূলত কথা বলে শক্তি নিয়ে এবং সেটা কিভাবে এক বস্তু থেকে অপর বস্তুতে স্থানান্তরিত হয়। এটা কথা বলে এন্ট্রপি নিয়েও। এন্ট্রপি আসলে কোন সিস্টেমের বিশৃখলা পরিমাপের একটা স্কেল,' যেটা আসলে আমাদের জানায় যে কোন ধরনের শক্তি কেমন কার্যকরি, কিংবা কতক্ষণ কার্যকর। Energy বা শক্তি পদার্থবিদ্যার একেবারেই মৌলিক বা আরো ভালোভাবে বললে অপরিহার্য্য একটা ব্যাপার। যদিও আমি এখানে এসে শক্তির কথা বললাম, আমি কিন্তু সবখানেই শক্তির কথাটা বলতে পারতাম, আসলে সবই তো শক্তি। কেবল ভিন্ন রূপে ভিন্ন ঢংয়ে। তো মোটামুটি এটাই ক্লাসিক্যাল ফিজিক্স। ১৯০০ সাল পর্যন্ত আমরা আমাদের বিশ্বব্রমাণ্ডকে এভাবেই দেখেছি। যেটা আমাদের শেখালো যে আমাদের বিশ্বব্রমাণ্ড একটা সুন্দর নিয়ম নীতি মেনে চলে এবং তার ভবিষ্যতটাও একরকম নিশ্চিতই। অবশ্য সবকিছু যে বোঝা যাচ্ছিলো এমনটা মোটেই নয়। কিছু কিছু পরীক্ষালব্ধ ফলাফল নতুন কিছুর আভাস দিয়েই যাচ্ছিলো। বুধের কক্ষপথটা একটু বেশিই দ্রুত সুর্যের দিকে এগোচ্ছে, এবং বিচিত্র কিছু ঘটনা ঘটায় ইলেকট্রন যখন সে নির্দিষ্ট কিছু ক্ষেত্রে Dutch: Chaos-theorie is de beschrijving van grote complexe systemen en hoe kleine verschillen in begintoestand kunnen leiden naar de uiteindelijke uitkomst. Thermodynamica is de beschrijving van energie en hoe het overgaat van de ene vorm in de andere. Het omvat ook entropie , een verhouding tussen orde en wanorde , en eigenlijk beschrijft hoe bruikbaar verschillende energievormen zijn. Energie is de fundamentele eigenschap van natuurkunde en ook al heb ik het alleen hier geschreven, ik zou het overal geschreven moeten hebben, omdat ALLES energie is. Dus dat is alle "klassieke mechanica" , het natuurkundige beeld dat we van het Universum hadden zo rond het jaar 1900. Het schetste een beeld van een Universum wat liep als een klokwerk, als je alles precies genoeg kon meten en de toekomst voorbepaald was. Edoch niet alles was opgelost, er waren een paar haken&ogen in experimenten die iets anders suggereerden. Japanese: カオス理論は、巨大な複雑系を記述する理論です。 それによると、非常に小さい初期条件の違いによって、後の結果が大きく異なるという事です。 熱力学はエネルギーの描写であり、それがある形状から違う形状へとどのように伝わるかを記述しています。 またエントロピーの理論もその領域であり、どの程度エネルギーが整っている、また乱れているのかを考えるものであり、 異なる形状のエネルギーが、ある共通の物差し上で、どのくらい利用価値があるのかを計る指針になります。 このビデオではそこまで詳しくは触れられてきませんでしたが、エネルギーは物理学の根源的な性質であります。 もっというなら、エネルギーはすべての場所で記載されるべきものであります。なぜならば全ての物がエネルギーを持っているからです。 ここまでが古典物理学をまとめたもであり、1900年代までにおける、宇宙記載の描写でありました。 それは、あたかもぜんまいの運動のように、全てがきれいな法則で働いている宇宙にの中に、私たちが住んでいるという事を人々に伝え これから起こる全ての事を正確に測ることができる、ある意味では決定論的な物であると考えられてきました。 しかしながら、全てが説かれたわけではありませんでした。いくつかの現象が古典物理学では説明できなかったのです。 それにより、より発展的な物理法則が考えられるきっかけになりました。 水星は、古典物理の計算結果よりも、非常にわずかではありましたが、少しだけ速く運動し、 Korean: 카오스 이론은 거대한 복잡계를 다루고, 초기 조건의 사소한 차이가 결과에 얼마나 엄청난 변화를 가져오는 지를 설명하죠 열역학은 에너지의 학문입니다 에너지가 한 형태에서 다른 형태로 어떻게 넘어가는지에 관련되어있죠 그것은 또 엔트로피의 개념을 포함합니다 엔트로피는 질서와 무질서를 나타내고, 본질적으로 여러 종류의 에너지가 얼마나 유용한지 알려줍니다 에너지는 물리학의 기본 속성입니다. 제가 여기에다가 에너지를 써놨지만, 사실 지도의 모든 곳에 이걸 써야 했었죠 모든 것이 에너지를 갖고 있으니까요 이것이 고전 물리학의 전부입니다 우리가 1900년경에 가지고 있었던 우주의 그림이죠 이것은 우리가 마치 시계부품과 같이 돌아가는 우주에 살고 있고, 당신이 모든것을 정확히 측정할 수 있다면 미래는 정해져있고, 예측될 수 있다고 말해주는 듯 합니다 그러나 모든 것이 해결되지는 않았습니다 실험들에는 몇 가지 문제가 있었죠 무엇인가가 더 남아 있다는 것을 암시하듯 말입니다 수성의 궤도는 약간 더 빨랐고, English: Chaos theory is the description of large complex systems and how small differences in initial conditions can lead to very different final outcomes. Thermodynamics is the description of energy and how it passes from one form to another. It also includes entropy which is a measure of order and disorder, and basically tells you how useful different kinds of energy are. Energy is fundamental property to physics and although I have written energy here, I should have written it everywhere on this map because everything has energy. So that is all of classical physics, the picture of the Universe we had around the year 1900. It told us we lived in the Universe where everything ran sort of like clockwork, if you could measure everything accurately enough the future was kind of predetermined. However, not everything was solved, there were just a few of holes in experiments that hinted at something more. The orbit of Mercury was slightly too fast and some strange things happened Portuguese: A Teoria do Caos é a descrição de sistemas grandes e complexos e quão pequenas a diferenças em condições iniciais pode levar à resultados finais muitos diferentes. A Termodinâmica é a descrição da energia e como ela passa de uma forma para outra. Isso também inclui Entropia que é a medida de ordem e desordem e basicamente diz a você o quão útil diferentes tipos de energia são. Energia é uma propriedade fundamental para a física e apesar de eu ter escrito energia aqui, eu deveria ter escrito em todos os lugares porque tudo tem energia. Portanto isso é tudo sobre física clássica, a imagem do Universo que nós tinhamos por volta do ano 1900. Isso nos disse que nós vivemos em um Universo onde tudo corria como um mecanismo de relógio, se você pudesse medir tudo precisamente o suficiente, o futuro estaria meio que predeterminado. No entanto, nem tudo estava resolvido, existiam alguns buracos em experimentos que indicavam algo mais. Vietnamese: Thuyết hỗn mang mô tả những hệ thống lớn và phức tạp và cách những sự khác biệt nhỏ trong điều kiện ban đầu dẫn tới kết quả vô cùng khác nhau. Nhiệt động lực học nghiên cứu về năng lượng và cách truyền nó từ vật này sang vật khác Nó cũng bao gồm "entropy", là một đại lượng biểu thị sự trật tự và bất trật tự của hệ, về cơ bản là thể hiện hiệu suất của các loại năng lượng. Năng lượng là thuộc tính cơ sở của vật lý và dù tôi viết nó ở đây, Tôi lên viết nó ở mọi nơi trên bản đồ này vì cái gì cũng bao hàm năng lượng. Đó là toàn bộ vật lý cổ điển, cách nhìn của chúng ta về vũ trụ trong khoảng năm 1900 Nó nói về một vũ trụ mà mọi thứ chạy như một chiếc đồng hồ, nếu bạn có thể đo đếm mọi thứ đủ chính xác và tương lai dường như được định trước. Dù vậy, không phải mọi thứ đã được giải, vẫn còn một số lỗ hổng trong thực nghiệm mà ẩn giấu điều gì đó. Quỹ đạo của sao Thủy hơi nhanh và có vài thứ kỳ lạ xảy ra Galician: A órbita de Mercurio era lixeiramente rápida de máis e pasaban cousas estrañas cos electróns e coa luz que aínda non podían explicarse. Os físicos daquel tempo pensaban que non tardarían moito en resolver e explicar estes problemas, pero furgando neles apareceron os novos dominios da relatividade e a física cuántica, que puxeron a nosa comprensión do Universo patas arriba. Albert Einstein foi o xenio que desenvolveu as teorías da relatividade especial e da relatividade xeral. A relatividade especial predí que a velocidade da luz é constante para todos os observadores, o que significa que, cando viaxas a altísimas velocidades, comezan a pasar cousas raras como que o tempo se dilata. Tamén afirma que a enerxía e a materia son aspectos diferentes da mesma cousa, a través da famosa fórmula E = mc². A relatividade xeral di que o espazo e mais o tempo son parte da mesma entidade, chamada espazo-tempo, e que a forza da gravidade vén de que os obxectos deforman o espazo-tempo, facendo que outros obxectos caian cara a eles. Russian: и странные вещи случались в малых масштабах с электронами и светом. Они не имели объяснения. Физики того времени думали, что они разрешат и объяснят их довольно скоро, но вместо этого вскрыли огромные новые области теории относительности и квантовой механики и перевернули наше представление о Вселенной с ног на голову. Альберт Эйнштейн — гений, развивший теории специальной и общей относительности. Специальная теория относительности предсказывает, что скорость света постоянна для всех наблюдателей, что означает, если вы двигаетесь очень быстро, странные вещи начинают происходить вокруг, например замедляется ход времени. Также она заявляет, что энергия и материя — две стороны одной медали, знаменитая формула E=mc². Общая теория относительности говорит, пространство и время — части одной ткани реальности, пространства-времени, а гравитация — результат искривления пространства-времени материальными телами, заставляющий остальные тела притягиваться к ним. Burmese: အီလက်ထရွန်နှင့်အတူအသေးငယ်ဆုံးအကြေးခွံပေါ် လူအပေါင်းတို့ unexplained သောအလင်း။ ထိုအချိန်ကရူပဗေဒပညာရှင်သူတို့ဖြေရှင်းနိုင်လိမ့်မယ်လို့ထင် မကြာမီအလုံအလောက်ဒီပြဿနာတွေကိုရှင်းပြ ဒါပေမယ့်သူတို့ကိုဥိးသူတို့သစ်ကို domains များတူညီမှုများပျက်စီး နှိုင်းခြင်းနှင့်ကွမ်တမ်ရူပဗေဒ နှင့်ဠာကျွန်တော်တို့ရဲ့နားလည်မှုလွဲသွား လုံးဝင်း၏ခေါင်းပေါ်မှာ။ အဲလ်ဘတ်အိုင်းစတိုင်းတီထွင်ခဲ့သူထူးချွန်ထက်မြက်ခဲ့သည် အထူးနှင့်အထွေထွေနှိုင်း၏သီအိုရီများ။ အထူးနှိုင်းအမြန်နှုန်းကြောင်းခန့်မှန်း အလင်းအပေါငျးတို့သလေ့လာသူများအဘို့အစဉ်ဆက်မပြတ်ဖြစ်ပါသည် အရာသင်အမှန်တကယ်အစာရှောင်သွားလာသည့်အခါဆိုလိုသည် လိုက်တယ်ပစ္စည်းပစ္စယနှေးကွေးအချိန်ကဲ့သို့အဖြစ်ပျက်စတင်သည်။ ဒါဟာအစကြောင့်စွမ်းအင်နှင့်ကိစ္စကဤသို့ဆို၏ တူညီတဲ့အရာ၏ကွဲပြားခြားနားသောရှုထောင့်များမှာ နာမည်ကျော်ပုံသေနည်း E = mc2 မှတဆင့်။ အထွေထွေနှိုင်းအာကာသနှင့်အချိန်ကပြောပါတယ် spacetime ကိုခေါ်တူညီတဲ့ထည်၏အစိတ်အပိုင်းတစ်ခုဖြစ်ကြောင်း, နှင့်ဆွဲငင်အား၏အင်အားလာ spacetime ကွေးတ္ထုကနေ, သည်အခြားအရာဝတ္ထုအောင်သူတို့ကိုဆီသို့အတွက်ကျလိမ့်မည်။ Chinese: 水星的轨道有稍微的过快 还有一些奇怪的事情发生在微观 世界，比如电子和光都不能被解释。 当时的物理学家认为，他们将 会很快解决这些问题 但他们揭开了新领域-- 相对论和量子物理，同时让我们 对宇宙理解的更加完全。 爱因斯坦是提出了 狭义相对论和广义 相对论的天才。 狭义相对论是预测对所有的观察者来说，光速是一个常数。 同时也意味着，当你运动的速度更光速接近的时候，时间会开始放缓。 同时他还提出质能方程的著名公式E = MC2，来说明能量和物质是 同一事物的不同表现形式。 广义相对论指出，空间和时间 是时空整体结构的一部分， 引力来自弯曲时空，使其他物体落向 他们。 Spanish: y algunas cosas extrañas sucedían en escalas pequeñas con los electrones y la luz, que no estaban explicadas. Los físicos de aquella época, pensaban que estos problemas iban a ser explicadas prontamente pero meterse a desenmarañar esto, los llevo a los nuevos dominios de la relatividad y la física cuantica y cambio completamente en sus cabezas la comprensión del universo Albert Einstein fue el genio, que desarrollo la teoría especial y general de la relatividad. La teoría especial de la relatividad predice que la velocidad de la luz es constante para todos los observadores, lo que significa que cuando viajas muy rápido, cosas extrañas comienzan a suceder, como que el tiempo transcurre mas lentamente. También establece que la materia y la energía, son diferentes aspectos de una misma cosa, a traves de la famosa formula E=mc². La relatividad general en cambio dice que el espacio y el tiempo son parte de una sola cosa, llamada espacio-tiempo, y que la fuerza de gravedad proviene de objetos masivos, que curvan el espacio-tiempo, haciendo que los objetos caigan hacia ellos. Indonesian: pada skala terkecil dengan elektron dan cahaya yang semua dijelaskan. Fisikawan pada saat itu mengira bahwa mereka akan memecahkan dan menjelaskan masalah ini segera tapi menusuk mereka mereka terurai domain baru relativitas dan fisika kuantum dan berbalik pemahaman kita tentang alam semesta benar-benar di atas kepalanya. Albert Einstein adalah seorang jenius yang dikembangkan teori relativitas khusus dan umum. relativitas khusus memprediksi bahwa kecepatan cahaya adalah konstan untuk semua pengamat yang berarti bahwa ketika Anda melakukan perjalanan sangat cepat hal-hal aneh mulai terjadi seperti waktu melambat. Hal ini juga menyatakan bahwa energi dan materi adalah aspek yang berbeda dari hal yang sama melalui rumus E = mc2 terkenal. relativitas umum mengatakan bahwa ruang dan waktu adalah bagian dari kain yang sama disebut ruang-waktu, dan bahwa gaya gravitasi datang dari benda membungkuk ruang-waktu, membuat benda-benda lain jatuh ke arah mereka. Finnish: Merkuriuksen rata oli hieman liian nopea ja selittämättömiä asioita tapahtui myös pienessä mittakaavassa elektronien ja valon vuorovaikutuksessa. Siihe aikaa fyysikot luulivat, että nämä ongelma ratkeaisivat pian mutta niitä tutkittaessa paljastui suhteellisuusteoria ja kvanttifysiikka jotka kääntivät käsityksemme maailmankaikkeudesta päälaelleen. Albert Einstein oli nero, joka kehitti Erityisen Suhteellisuusteorian sekä Yleisen suhteellisuusteorian. Erityinen Suhteellisuusteoria ennakoi, että valonnopeus on vakio kaikille havainnoitsijoille minkä takia outoja asioita kuten ajan hidastumista alkaa tapahtua suurilla nopeuksilla liikuttaessa. Se myös esittää, että energia ja materia ovat yhtä kuuluisan E=mc2 yhtälön avulla. Yleinen Suhteellisuusteoria kertoo että tila ja aika ovat oikeastaan yksi aika-avaruus ja painovoima on seurausta siitä, että kappaleet taivuttavat tätä aika-avaruutta saaden muut kappaleet putoamaan niitä kohden. Korean: 전자와 빛이 있는 미시세계에서는 설명될 수 없는 이상한 일들이 일어났죠 당시 물리학자들은 자신들이 곧 이 문제들을 해결하고 설명할 수 있을 것이라 생각했습니다 하지만 그것을 연구하던 물리학자들은 물리학의 새로운 영역을 열었습니다. 그게 상대성 이론과, 양자 물리학입니다 그리고는 우리의 머리속의 우주에 대한 사고를 완전히 뒤집어 놓았습니다 알버트 아인슈타인은 특수 상대성이론과 일반 상대성이론을 발표한 천재였습니다. 특수 상대성 이론은 광속이 모든 관찰자들에게 동일하게 관측된다는 것을 전제로하여 당신이 아주 빠르게 움직일 때 시간이 느려지는 것같은 이상한 일들이 일어난다는 것을 밝혀냈죠 상대성 이론은 또 에너지와 물질이 사실 같은 것인데 다른 양상으로 나타나는 것일 뿐이라고 합니다 유명한 공식 E = mc^2이 그걸 설명하죠 일반 상대성이론은 공간과 시간이 시공간이라는 면직물의 한 부분이며, 중력은 사실 시공간이 질량이 있는 물체에 의해 휘어져서 다른 물체가 그 물체쪽으로 떨어지게 하는 힘이라고 합니다 Slovenian: Z elektroni in svetlobo se je zgodilo nekaj nenavadnih reči, ki so bile nepojasnjene. Fiziki tistega časa so menili, da bodo rešili in pojasnili te probleme dovolj hitro, vendar je drezanje v njih razkrilo nova področja, relativnost in kvantno fiziko, kar je obrnilo razumevanje Vesolja na glavo. Albert Einstein je bil tisti genij, ki je razvil teoriji posebne in splošne relativnosti. Posebna relativnost predvideva, da je hitrost svetlobe konstantna za vse opazovalce, kar pomeni, da ko potuješ zares hitro, se pričnejo dogajati čudne stvari kot upočasnitev časa. Predpostavlja tudi, da sta energija in snov različna vidika iste stvari preko znane enačbe E=mc2. Splošna relativnost pravi, da sta prostor in čas del iste tkanine, imenovane prostor-čas, in da gravitacijska sila izvira iz predmetov, ki ukrivljajo prostor-čas, tako da ostali predmeti padajo proti njim. Chinese: 水星的軌道有稍微地過快還有一些奇怪的事情 發生在電子與光的作用這種微小的尺度也是不能被解釋 當時物理學家想說他們很快就會解決這些問題的 不過卻揭開了新的領域"相對論和量子物理" 它完全改變了我們對宇宙的理解 阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦這位天才發展了狹義相對論和廣義相對論 狹義相對論預測了對於所有觀察者光速是恆定的 意思是說當你運動得非常快時會發生奇怪的事情像是時間慢下來了 而且它說明了能量和物質是同一件事情的不同種面向 由著名的公式E=mc2表示 廣義相對論說空間和時間是同一種結構的部分 稱為"時空" 而重力是物體彎曲時空，又讓其他物體被吸引 朝著它下墜 Hungarian: A Merkúr pályája kissé túl gyors volt. és furcsa dolgok történnek a legkisebb méreteken az elektronokkal és a fénnyel, ami teljességgel megmagyarázatlan volt. A fizikusok ezekben az időben azt gondolták, hogy meg tudják oldani ezeket a problémákat elég hamar de amikor nekimentek teljesen új távlatok nyilottak a rekativitás és a kvantuum fizika felé, és az egész tudásunkat az Univerzumról a feje tetejére állitotta Albert Einstein volt az a zseni, aki kifejlesztette a speciális és az álltalános relativitás elméletet A speciáli relativitás azt jósolja, hogy a fény sebessége állandó minden megfigyelő számára, ami azt jelenti, hogy ha elég gyorsan utazunk, furcsa dolgok kezdenek történni, mint például lelassul az idő. Azt is állitja, hogy az anyag és az energia csak két aspektusa ugyanannak a dolgonak melyet összeköt a hires formula: E=mc2 Az álltalános relativitás azt mondja, hogy a tér és az idő ugyanannak a szerkezetnek a részei, amit téridőnek nevezünk, és, hogy a gravitációs erő onnan jön, hogy a tárgyak meghajlitják a téridőt, igy elérve, hogy más tárgyak feléjük essenek. Italian: Ad esempio, l'orbita del pianeta Mercurio era troppo veloce e qualcosa di strano accadeva con gli elettroni. Queste cose erano inspiegabili. I fisici del tempo pensavano che avrebbero risolto questi problemi in poco tempo ma frugando ancora vennero fuori la relatività e la fisica quantistica e cambiarono radicalmente la nostra visione dell'universo. Albert Einstein fu il genio che creò la teoria della relatività ristretta e della relatività generale. La relatività ristretta diceva che la velocità della luce era costante per tutti gli osservati. Questo significava che ad alte velocità iniziavano a succedere cose strane, come il rallentamento del tempo. La ristretta dice anche che energia e materia sono due aspetti della stessa cosa, attraverso la famosa formula E=mc2. La relatività generale dice che lo spazio e il tempo sono due aspetti della stessa cosa, lo spazio-tempo e la forza di gravità è causata dagli oggetti che piegano lo spazio-tempo, facendo cadere gli altri oggetti contro di essi. French: L'orbite de Mercure était légèrement trop rapide et des choses étranges ont commencé à apparaître aux plus petites échelles avec les interactions entre les électrons et la lumière, qui restaient inexpliquées. Les physiciens à l'époque pensaient qu'ils allaient pouvoir résoudre et expliquer ces problèmes assez rapidement. Mais en s’attelant à la tâche, ils ont révélé les nouveaux domaines de la relativité et de la physique quantique. Cela a complètement bouleversé notre compréhension de l'univers. Albert Einstein fut le génie qui a développé les théories de la relativité restreinte et de la relativité générale. La relativité restreinte repose sur le postulat que la vitesse de la lumière est constante pour tous les observateurs, ce qui fait apparaître des phénomènes étranges quand on voyage très rapidement, comme le temps qui ralentit. Cette théorie fait aussi état que l'énergie et la matière sont deux aspects différents de la même chose au travers de la fameuse formule E = mc². La relativité générale dit que l'espace et le temps ne sont que deux aspects de l'espace-temps et que la gravitation provient des objets massifs qui déforment l'espace-temps, faisant chuter d'autres objets vers eux. Thai: กับสิ่งเล็ก ๆ อย่างอิเล็กตรอน และแสงซึ่งยังอธิบายไม่ได้ นักฟิสิกส์ในขณะนั้นคิดว่าเขาน่าจะ พิสูจน์และอธิบายปัญหาต่าง ๆ ได้ในไม่ช้า แต่การยุ่งกับปัญหาเหล่านั้น กลับทำให้พวกเขา พบกับสาขาใหม่ นั่นคือ สัมพัทธภาพและฟิสิกส์ควอนตัม และทำให้พวกเราเข้าใจจักรวาลได้สมบูรณ์ขึ้น อัลเบิร์ด ไอน์สไตน อัฉริยะผู้พัฒนา ทฤษฎีสัมพัทธภาพและสัมพัทธภาพพิเศษ สัมพัทธภาพพิเศษทำนายว่า อัตราเร็วแสง มีค่าเท่ากันสำหรับผู้สังเกตทุก ๆ กรอบอ้างอิง ซึ่งหมายความว่า เมื่อคุณเดินทางเร็วมาก ๆ บางสิ่งที่แปลกจะเกิดขึ้น เช่น เวลาเคลื่อนช้าลง มันยังระบุว่า พลังงานและสสาร ซึ่งเป็นสอง สิ่งที่ต่างกัน จริงๆ แล้วคือสิ่งเดียวกัน สัมพันธ์กันด้วยสมการ E = mc^2 สัมพัทธภาพทั่วไปกล่าวว่า อวกาศและ เวลาเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของพื้นผิวเดียวกัน คือ กาลอวกาศ และแรงโน้มถ่วงของวัตถุหนึ่งจะ ทำให้กาลอวกาศโค้งงอ ส่งผลให้วัตถุอื่นๆ ตกลงไปได้ Turkish: Merkür'ün yörüngedeki hızı beklenenden çok daha hızlıydı ayrıca elektron ve ışık gibi parçacıkları içeren çok küçük ölçekli deneylerde tuhaf bir şeyler oluyordu ve bütün bunların cevabı henüz yoktu. Fizikçiler bu problemleri çözdüklerini ve açıkladıklarını düşünüyordu, fakat bu problemlerin araştırılması yeni alanlar olan görelilik ve kuantum fiziğini ortaya çıkardı. Bildiğimiz evren anlayışı tamamen değişti. Albert Einstein özel ve genel göreliliği bulan dahiydi. Özel görelilik ışığın hızının bütün gözlemciler için aynı olduğunu söyler. Işık hızına yakın bir hızla hareket ederseniz zamanın yavaşlaması gibi garip bir durumla karşılaşabilirsiniz. Özel görelilik ayrıca enerji ve maddenin aynı şeyin iki farklı parçası olduğunu da söyler. ünlü E=mc2 formülünde göreülebileceği üzere. Genel görelilik, uzay ve zamanın uzay-zaman olarak adlandırılan yapının parçaları olduğunu ve yerçekimi kuvvetine uzay-zamanı büken cisimlerin neden olduğunu söyler. Czech: jakmile jsme se dostali k velmi malým škálám. Některé chování elektronů a světla se nedařilo vysvětlit. Fyzikové té doby předpokládali, že tyto problémy brzo vyřeší, ale jejich zkoumáním objevili dvě úplně nová odvětví a to relativitu a kvantovou fyziku a to otočilo tehdejší představy o chování vesmíru vzhůru nohama. Albert Einstein byl génius, který vyvinul teorie speciální a obecné relativity. Speciální relativita předpokládá, že rychlost světla je konstantní pro všechny pozorovatele z čehož plyne, že když se pohybujete opravdu velmi rychle, pak se začnou dít velmi divné věci, jako například zpomalování času. Také tvrdí, že energie a hmota jsou dvě různé stránky stejné věci. To shrnul ve slavném vzorci E=mc^2. Obecná relativita tvrdí, že prostor a čas jsou součástí stejné látky, které říkáme časoprostor (prostoročas) a že gravitační síla vzniká díky tomu, že objekty tento časoprostor ohýbají, čímž ostatní tělesa nutí padat směrem k nim. Swedish: på de minsta skalorna med elektroner och ljus som alla var oförklarliga. Fysiker tänkte då att de skulle lösa och förklara dessa problem snart nog men genom att titta på dem så avslöjade de de nya domänerna av relativitet och kvantfysik och vände vår förståelse av universum helt på huvudet. Albert Einstein var det geni som utvecklades teorierna om speciell och allmän relativitet. Speciell relativitet förutsäger att hastigheten av ljus är konstant för alla observatörer vilket betyder att när du reser riktigt snabbt konstiga saker börjar hända som att tiden avtar. Det säger också att energi och materia är olika aspekter av samma sak genom den berömda formeln E = mc2. Allmän relativitet säger att rum och tid är en del av samma tyg som kallas spacetime, och att tyngdkraften kommer från föremål som böjer rymdtid, få andra föremål att falla in mot dem. German: Die Umlaufzeit Merkurs war etwas zu schnell und einige seltsame Dinge geschahen auf der Ebene der kleinsten Dinge wie Elektronen und Licht, die alle unerklärt waren. Die Physiker dieser Zeit dachten, dass sie diese Probleme in kürze lösen würden, aber beim Herumstochern eröffneten sich die neuen Felder der Relativität und Quantenphysik und stellen unser Verständnis vom Universum komplett auf den Kopf. Albert Einstein war das Genie, das die Theorien der allgemeinen und speziellen Relativität entwickelte. Die spezielle Relativität sagt vorher, dass die Lichtgeschwindigkeit konstant für alle Beobachter ist, was bedeutet, dass, wenn man sich sehr schnell bewegt, verrücktes Zeug passiert, wie, dass die Zeit sich verlangsamt. Sie stellt auch fest, dass Energie und Materie verschiedene Eigenschaften der gleichen Sache sind durch die berühmte Formel E=mc². Die allgemeine Relativität besagt, dass Raum und Zeit aus derselben Stoff gemacht sind, der Raumzeit genannt wird und dass die Schwerkraft von Objekten stammt, die die Raumzeit krümmen und so andere Objekte zwingen auf sie zuzufallen. Dutch: De omloop van Mercurius was iets te snel, en vreemde dingen gebeurden op de kleinste schaal met electronen en licht, die allemaal onverklaarbaar waren. Natuurkundigen uit die tijd dachten dat die problemen spoedig opgelost zouden worden, maar pogingen leidden tot nieuwe domeinen van relativiteit en quantummechanica en zetten ons begrip van het universum volledig op z'n kop. Alber Einstein was de genie die de algemene en de speciale relativiteitstheorie bedacht. Speciale relativiteit voorspelt dat lichtsnelheid constant is voor alle waarnemers wat betekent dat als je heel snel reist, vreemde dingen gbeuren, zoals het vertragen van de tijd. Het betekent ook dat energie en materie aan elkaar gerelateerd zijn door de beroemde formule E=mc2 Algemene relativiteit zegt dat tijd en ruimte deel van hetzelfde geheel tijdruimte zijn, en dat de zwaartekracht komt van alle objecten die de tijdruimte delen, en andere objecten daar naar toe trekt. Arabic: كان مدارالمريخ سريع جدا وحدثت بعض الاشياء الغريبة على أصغر الأحجام من الإلكترونات و الضوء الذي كان غير مفسرا. علماء الفيزياء في ذلك الوقت يعتقد إعتقدوا أنهم قادرون على حل وشرح كل هذه المشاكل في وقت قريب ولكن بعد ذلك اكتشفوا المجالين الجديدين من النسبية والفيزياء الكمية هذا الأخير الذي قلب فهمنا للكون رأسا على عقب. كان ألبرت أينشتاين العبقري الذي طور نظرية النسبية الخاصة والعامة النسبية الخاصة تتوقع أن سرعة الضوء ثابتة لجميع المراقبين وهذا يعني أنه عند السفر بسرعة أشياء غريبة تبدأ في الوقوع مثل تباطئ الزمن. كما ينص على أن الطاقة والمادة هي جوانب مختلفة من الشيء نفسه من خلال الصيغة الشهيرة E = MC². النسبية العامة تقول أن المكان والزمان هي جزء من النسيج نفسه يسمى الزمكان، وأن قوة الجاذبية تأتي من أجسام تشكل إنحناء نسيج الزمكان، مما يجعل غيرها من الأجسام تسقط في اتجاههم. Japanese: 小さいスケールの電子や光においても、説明できない奇妙な現象がありました。 その時代の物理学者は、それらの問題をすぐに、また十分に解決し、説明したいと考えていました。 それが相対論と量子物理学という新たな物理学につながっていきます。 それによって、宇宙はより完璧なる理解をされるようになりました。 アルバート・アインシュタインは特殊相対性理論と一般相対性理論を提唱した天才であります。 特殊相対性理論は、光の速度があらゆる観測者に対して一定であることを提唱しています。 言い換えると、あなたがとてつもなく速い速度で移動したとすると、その時には、時間の遅れという奇妙な現象がみられる、ともいうことです。 また特殊相対性理論は、物質とエネルギーは同質なものであると言っており、 有名な式である、E=mc^2　を導きました。 一般相対性理論は、時間と空間とが、時空という観点から同様に派生しているものだと提唱しており 重力は、時空にある物体によって生成されているといっています。 他の物体が、その重力を生成した物体に落ちていくとも表現できます。 Vietnamese: ở quy mô nhỏ hơn với electron và ánh sáng mà đều không giải thích được Các nhà vật lý học thời đó cho rằng họ sẽ sớm giải được vấn đề nhưng họ lại tìm thấy cả một phạm trù mới thuyết tương đối và vật lý lượng tử và hóa ra công cuộc tìm hiểu vũ trụ mới chỉ ở bước khởi đầu. Albert Einstein là thiên tài phát triển nên thuyết tương đối hẹp và thuyết tương đối rộng. Thuyết tương đối hẹp cho rằng tốc độ ánh sáng là không đổi trong mọi môi trường cũng như khi bạn di chuyển đủ nhanh thì mọi thứ như thời gian bắt đầu chậm lại. Nó cũng khẳng định năng lượng và khối lượng có liên hệ chặt chẽ qua công thức E = mc^2. Thuyết tương đối rộng nói rằng không gian và thời gian là thống nhất trong một kết cấu gọi là không thời gian và lực hấp dẫn đến từ việc vật thể làm cong không thời gian khiến các vật khác rơi về phía nó. Portuguese: A órbita de mercúrio estava levemente mais rápida e algumas coisas estranhas aconteceram nas menores escalas com elétrons e luz que eram todas inexplicadas. Físicos daquele tempo pensaram que eles iriam resolver e explicar esse problemas logo mas chegando neles foram desatados novos domínios da relatividade e da física quântica que mudaram nosso entendimento do universo completamente em suas bases. Albert Einstein era um gênio que desenvolveu a Teoria Especial da Relatividade e Teoria da Relatividade Geral. A Teoria da Relatividade Especial prevê que a velocidade da luz é constante para todos os observadores o que significa que quando você viaja muito rápido, coisas estranhas começam a acontecer, como a desaceleração do tempo. Ela também determina que energia e matéria são diferentes aspectos da mesma coisa através da famosa fórmula E=mc2. A Teoria da Relatividade Geral diz que espaço e tempo são partes da mesma estrutura chamada espaço-tempo, a que a força da gravidade vem de objetos dobrando o espaço-tempo, fazendo outros objetos caírem em direção a eles. Kurdish: لە پچوکترین پێوەرەکان لە ئەلیکتڕۆن و ڕووناکی کە پێشتر هەموویان ڕوون نەکرابوونەوە لەو کاتانەدا فیزیاوانەکان پێیانوابوو ئەم کێشانە بەزوویی روون و شیکاری دەکەن بەڵام ڕووبەڕووی ڕوونکردنەوەی بواری دیکەی نوێ بوونەوە ڕێژەیی و فیزیای کوانتەم کە تێگەیشتنمانی بەتەواوی گۆڕی سەبارەت بە گەردوون ئەلبێرت ئاینشتاین بلیمەتێک بوو کە تیۆریەکانی ڕێژەیی گشتی و تایبەتی پەرەپێدا بەپێی ڕێژەیی تایبەت خێرایی ڕووناکی نەگۆڕە بۆ هەموو چاودێرەکان بەمانای ئەوەی کاتێک تۆ زۆر بەخێرایی گەشت دەکەیت چەند شتێکی نامۆ ڕوودەدەن، بۆ نمونە کات خاو دەبێتەوە وە هەروەها بەپێی ڕێژەیی تایبەت ماددە و وزە شێوەی جیاوازی هەمان شتن بەپێی هاوکێشەی بەناوبانگی E=mc2 ڕێژەیی گشتی دەلێت کە کات و بۆشایی بەشێکن لە هەمان بنچینە پێی دەوترێت فەزا-کات وە هێزی کێشکردن لەوەوە دێت کاتێک تەنێک فەزا-کات دەچەمێنێتەوە وا لە تەنەکانی تر دەکات کە بەرەو ئەو بێن Danish: Og på den mindste skala med elektroner og lys skete nogle mærkelige og uforklarlige effekter. På det tidspunkt troede fysikererne at de ville løse og forklare disse problemer snart. Men i at løse dem, opstod de nye områder relativitetsteorien og kvantefysik. Dette vendte vores forståelse af universet helt på hovedet. Albert Einstein var geniet, der udviklede den specielle og almene relativitetsteori. Den specielle relativitetsteori fortæller, at lysets hastighed er konstant for alle observatører. Det betyder, at når du rejser rigtig hurtigt, vil underlige ting begynder at ske, som at tiden vil gå langsommere. Den fastslår også, at energi og stof er forskellige aspekter af den samme ting gennem den berømte formel E = mc2. Den almene relativitetsteori fortæller, at tid og rum er en del af det samme stof kaldet rumtid. Tyngdekraften kommer af at objekter bøjer rumtiden, hvilket gør at andre genstande falder i retning af dem. Catalan: L'òrbita de Mercuri era lleugerament massa ràpida i alguna cosa rara passava amb la llum i els electrons. Els físics de l'època creien que podrien resoldre aquests problemes fàcilment, però els seus intents van provocar el descobriment de la Relativitat i la Física Quàntica que van capgirar completament la visió que es tenia de l'Univers. Albert Einstein va ser el geni encarregat de desenvolupar les teories de la Relativitat especial i general. La Relativitat especial prediu que la velocitat de la llum és constant per tots els observadors, el que suposa que quelcom succeeix quan viatges a grans velocitats; com ara que el temps passa més poc a poc. També postula que matèria i energia són diferents manifestacions d'una mateixa cosa i d'aquí la famosa fórmula E=mc2. La Relativitat General diu que l'espai i el temps formen part d'una mateixa representació anomenada espai-temps i que la força de la gravetat prové de les deformacions que els objectes fan en aquest espai-temps, de manera que altres objectes cauen cap ells. iw: המסלול של כוכב חמה היה קצת מהיר מדי. והיו כמה דברים ממש מוזרים שקרו בגדלים הכי קטנים עם אור ואלקטרונים, שפשוט אי אפשר להסביר. הפיזיקאים של התקופה היו משוכנעים שיוכלו לפתור ולהסביר את הבעיות האלו תוך זמן קצר. אבל החקירה הנוספת פתחה את התחומים של יחסות ותורת הקוונטים, והפכה את ההבנה שלנו את היקום על פיה. אלברט איינשטיין היה הגאון שפיתח את התאוריות של יחסות פרטית ויחסות כללית. יחסות פרטית חוזה שמהירות האור קבועה עבור כל הצופים כלומר, כשאתה נע ממש מהר, דברים מוזרים מתחילים לקרות, כמו למשל האטה של הזמן. היא גם קובעת שאנרגיה וחומר הם שני אספקטים של אותו הדבר באמצעות הנוסחה המפורסמת: E=mc^2 יחסות כללית אומרת שהמרחב והזמן הם שני חלקים של אותו מארג הקרוי חללזמן, ושכבידה נובעת מעצמים שמעקמים את החללזמן, ובכך גורמים לעצמים אחרים לפול לעברם. English: on the smallest scales with electrons and light which were all unexplained. Physicists at the time thought that they would solve and explain these problems soon enough but poking at them they unraveled the new domains of relativity and quantum physics and turned our understanding of the Universe completely on its head. Albert Einstein was the genius who developed the theories of special and general relativity. Special relativity predicts that the speed of light is constant for all observers which means that when you travel really fast weird stuff starts happening like time slowing down. It also states that energy and matter are different aspects of the same thing through the famous formula E=mc2. General relativity says that space and time are part of the same fabric called spacetime, and that the force of gravity comes from objects bending spacetime, making other objects fall in towards them. Bengali: আলোর সংস্পর্শে আসে। হুমম , রয়ে গেলো আনসলভড। পদার্থবিদরা ভাবলেন, আরে ব্যাপার না, হয়ে যাবেন। কিছুদিন লাগবে আরো হয়তো। আসলে তাঁদের সামনে উকিঁঝুকি মারছিলো কোয়ান্টাম মেকানিকস আর আপেক্ষিকতা যেটা আমরা বিশ্বব্রমাণ্ডকে যেভাবে দেখি তাকে পুরোপুরিই বদলে দেবে। মহামতি অ্যালবার্ট আইনস্টান নিয়ে আসলেন আপেক্ষিকতার বিশেষ ও সাধারণ তত্ব। জেনারেল ও স্পেশাল রিলেটিভিটি। বিশেষ আপেক্ষিকতা শেখায় যে আলোর গতিই কেবলমাত্র ধ্রুব। এই গতির চেয়ে বেশি গতিতে চলা অসম্ভব। আরো জানা গেলো যখন আপনি খুব বেশি গতিতে চলা শুরু করবেন, আপনার সাথে বিচিত্র কিছু জিনিস ঘটা শুরু করবে। যেমন সময় ধীরে চলা শুরু করবে। বিশেষ আপেক্ষিকতা আরো জানালো যে ভর এবং শক্তি আসলে একই জিনিস বলতে গেলে এবং সেটা ব্যাখ্যা করা হলো বিখ্যাত E=mc2 সুত্র দিয়ে। সাধারণ আপেক্ষিকতা মতে স্থান ও কাল একই স্পেসটাইমের অংশ। স্পেসটাইম হলো চার মাত্রার একটি বিশেষ ক্ষেত্র যেখানে ত্রিমাত্রিক স্থান ও একমাত্রিক সময় এক হয়ে মিলেছে। এবং মহাকর্ষ বল তৈরি হয় কোন বিশাল ভরবিশিষ্ট বস্তুর স্পেসটাইমে বক্রতা (বা খাদ) তৈরি করার কারণে যেটা তার আশেপাশের বস্তগুলোকে তার দিকে নিয়ে আসতে থাকে। Polish: Orbita Merkurego nie do końca odpowiadała teorii, a również w najmniejszej skali, na poziomie elektronów i światła nie wszystko było wyjaśnione. Fizycy w tamtym czasie byli przekonani, że niebawem rozwiążą te problemy, ale zajmowanie się nimi odsłoniło nowe obszary w ramach teorii względności i fizyki kwantowej, które postawiły nasze rozumienie świata na głowie. Albert Einstein był geniuszem, który opracował zarówno Szczególną, jak i Ogólną Teorię Względności. Szczególna Teoria Względności mówi, że szybkość światła jest stała dla wszystkich obserwatorów, co oznacza, że jeśli przemieszczasz się naprawdę szybko - zaczynają dziać się naprawdę dziwne rzeczy z czasem, jak np. jego spowalnianie. Mówi ona też, że energia i materia są dwoma aspektami tego samego, a opisuje to słynna formuła E = mc2. Ogólna teoria względności mówi, że przestrzeń i czas są częścią tej samej struktury, zwanej czasoprzestrzenią, a siła grawitacji pochodzi od obiektów zaginających czasoprzestrzeń, czego skutkiem jest spadek innych obiektów wprost na nie. Portuguese: A órbita de Mercúrio era um pouco rápida demais e coisas estranhas aconteciam nas escalas mais pequenas, com eletrões e luz, que não tinham explicação. Os Físicos da época pensavam que poderiam resolver e explicar esses problemas facilmente, mas ao tentar fazê-lo, revelaram os novos domínios da relatividade e física quântica, tornando o nosso entendimento do universo de cabeça para baixo. Albert Einstein foi o génio que desenvolveu as teorias da relatividade restrita e geral. A Relatividade Restrita prevê que a velocidade da luz é constante para todos os observadores, o que significa que quando se anda muito rápido, coisas estranhas começam a acontecer, como o tempo passar mais devagar. Também afirma que a energia e a matéria são diferentes aspectos da mesma coisa através da famosa fórmula E=mc^2. A Relatividade Geral diz que tempo e espaço são parte do mesmo tecido, chamado espaço-tempo, e que a força da gravidade origina do dobrar do espaço-tempo por objetos, fazendo outros "cair" na direção deles. Modern Greek (1453-): Η περιστροφή του πλανήτη Ερμή ήταν γρηγορότερη και από την άλλη στις μικρότερες κλίμακες φαινόμενα με τα ηλεκτρόνια και το φως, ήταν όλα ανεξήγητα. Προσπαθώντας οι φυσικοί να λύσουν και να εξηγήσουν αυτά προβλήματα σύντομα οδηγήθηκαν και ξεδίπλωσαν τους νέους τομεις της σχετικότητας και της κβαντικής φυσικής και ετσι άλλαξε τελείως η αντίληψη μας για το σύμπαν Ο Albert Einstein ήταν η ιδιοφυία που ανέπτυξε τις θεωρίες της Ειδικής και της Γενικής σχετικότητας Η ειδική σχετικότητα προβλέπει οτι η ταχύτητα του φωτός ειναι σταθερή για όλους τους παρατητρητές που σημαινει οτι οταν ταξιδευεις πολύ γρήγορα περίεργα πραγματα αρχίζουν να συμβαίνουν, οπωςεπιβραδυνση του χρόνου. Επίσης ύλη και ενέργεια ειναι διαφορετική όψη του ιδίου πράγματος, μεσω της περίφημης εξίσωσης E=mc2 Η Γενική Σχετικότητα λέει οτι ο χώρος και ο χρόνος ειναι μέρος του ίδιου "υφαντού" που καλειται χωροχρόνος και οτι η δύναμη της βαρύτητας προέρχεται από την καμπύλωση που προκαλει ενα σώμα στον χωρόχρονο κάνοντας άλλα σωματα να πέφτουν προς αυτό. Burmese: နှိုင်းအလွန်ကြီးမားတဲ့ဖော်ပြထားတယ်နေစဉ်, သည်အခြားရူပဗေဒပညာရှင်အလွန်သေးငယ်တဲ့အပျေါအလုပျမှာအလုပ်ရှုပ်နေခဲ့ကြသည် Quantum ရူပဗေဒ၏ကမ္ဘာပေါ်မှာ။ အနုမြူသီအိုရီအက်တမ်၏သဘောသဘာဝပျေါ, နှင့် ပို. ပို. အသေးစိတ်ဖော်ပြချက် အက်တမ်၏ဖွံ့ဖြိုးခဲ့ကြသည်။ သေးငယ်တဲ့နယ်ပယ်ကနေအီလက်ထရွန်ပတ်လမ်းမှ, စွမ်းအင်အဆင့်ဆင့်မှ ထို့နောက်အီလက်ထရွန်မှ လှိုင်းကဲ့သို့တာဝန်ခံဖြန့်ဝေလျှက်။ နို့ဆီကိစ္စရူပဗေဒ အဆိုပါကွမ်တမ်ရူပဗေဒကိုဖော်ပြထားတယ် စိုင်အခဲများနှင့်အရည်အတွက်အတူတကွအများအပြားအက်တမ်၏, များစွာသောအကြီးအနည်းပညာများကနေလာကြပြီသည်အဘယ်မှာရှိ ကွန်ပျူတာများ, လေဆာရောင်ခြည်ကဲ့သို့ နှင့်ကွမ်တမ်သတင်းအချက်အလက်သိပ္ပံ။ နျူကလီးယားရူပဗေဒဘယ်လိုနျူကလိယကိုဖော်ပြထားတယ် အက်တမ်၏အလုပ်လုပ်တယ်နဲ့ဓါတ်ကင်ခြင်းကရှင်းပြသည်, နျူကလီးယား fission, အသုံးပြုတဲ့အက်တမ်၏အပိုင်းခြား ကျွန်တော်တို့ရဲ့နျူကလီးယားစွမ်းအင်စက်ရုံများနှင့်အဏုမြူပေါင်းစပ်အတွက် သော Sun ကများနှင့်အလိုတော်ရယူ မျှော်လင့်မကြာမီကမ္ဘာမြေပေါ်တွင်ကဒီမှာကိုညွှန်ပြ။ ရှာတွေ့မှပင်ပိုမိုနက်ရှိုင်းမှုန်ရူပဗေဒစုံစမ်းစစ်ဆေး အရာအားလုံးကိုအခြေခံ subatomic particles Russian: В то время как теория относительности описывала "очень большие" явления, другие физики были заняты описанием "очень маленьких", в мире квантовой физики. Атомная теория исследовала природу атома и давала всё более детальное описание атому. Начиная с крохотной сферы, к электронам движущиеся по орбитам, к энергетическим уровням и, наконец, электроны, которые являются волноподобными распределениями заряда. Физика конденсированного состояния описывает квантовую физику многочисленных атомов в твёрдых телах и жидкостях, многие замечательные технологии появились отсюда, как компьютеры, лазеры и квантовая информатика. Ядерная физика описывает поведение атомного ядра, радиацию, распад ядер, расщепление атомов, используемое на атомных электростанциях, слияние ядер, происходящее на Солнце, и, надеюсь, в скором будет использоваться здесь, на Земле. Физика элементарных частиц проникает еще глубже в исследование субатомных частиц, Slovenian: Medtem ko se je relativnost ukvarjala z velikimi razsežnostmi, so bili drugi fiziki zaposleni z delom na zelo majhnih v svetu kvantne fizike. Atomska teorija je raziskovala naravo atoma in vedno bolj natančni opisi atoma so bili razviti. Od majcene sfere do elektronskih orbital do energijskih nivojev in do razlage elektronov kot valovanju podobnim porazdelitev naboja. Fizika kondenzirane snovi opisuje kvantno fiziko kot mnogo atomov skupaj v trdninah in kapljevinah, iz nje izvirajo mnoge izjemne tehnologije kot so računalniki, laserji in znanost o kvantnih informacijah. Jedrska fizika opisuje, kako se obnašajo jedra atomov, razloži sevanje, jedrsko fisijo, cepitev jeder, ki se uporablja v naših jedrskih elektrarnah, in jedrsko fuzijo, ki se dogaja na Soncu in jo bomo, upajmo, kmalu izkoriščali tudi na Zemlji. Fizika osnovnih delcev raziskuje še globlje, da najde osnovne, subatomske, delce, iz katerih je sestavljeno vse Arabic: في حين النسبية تصف الأشياء الكبيرة جدا، وغيرها وكان علماء الفيزياء الآخرين مشغولين في العمل على الأشياء صغيرة جدا في عالم فيزياء الكم. النظرية الذرية اكتشفت طبيعة الذرة، والعديد من التعريفات المفصلة للذرة التي تطورت من كرة صغيرة، إلى إلكترون المدار، إلى مستويات الطاقة للإلكترونات التي تشبه الموجات توزيع الشحنات. فيزياء المادة المكثفة تصف الفيزياء الكمية لعديد الذرات مع في الصلب و السوائل، ومنها أتت العديد من التقنيات العظيمة مثل الكمبيوتر، اللايز و علم المعلومات الكمية. تصف الفيزياء النووية كيفية تصرف نوية الذرات وتشرح الإشعاع والطاقة النووية الانشطار، تقسيم الذرة. التقنية المستخدمة في في محطات الطاقة النووية، والانصهار النووي الذي يقع في الشمس ونأمل تسخيرها هنا في الأرض. تحقق الفيزياء الجسيمية عميقا لمعرفة جوهرالجسيمات اللاذرية iw: בזמן שיחסות מתארת את הגדול, פיזיקאים אחרים היו עסוקים בעבודה על העולם המאוד קטן של פיזיקה קוונטית. תורת האטום בדקה את טבע האטום, ותיאורים מפורטים יותר ויותר שלו פותחו. החל בכדור קטנטן, למסלולי אלקטרונים, לרמות אנרגיה ועד לתאור האלקטרונים כהתפלגות דמוית גל של מטען. פיזיקה של חומר מעובה מתארת את הפיזיקה הקוונטית של אטומים רבים ביחד, במוצקים ובנוזלים והיא המקום ממנו צמחו טכנולוגיות רבות כמו מחשבים, לייזרים ומחקר מידע קוונטי. פיזיקה גרעינית מתארת כיצד מתנהגים גרעיני האטום ומסבירה קרינה, ביקוע גרעיני - פיצול האטומים שמתרחש בכורים גרעיניים, והיתוך גרעיני - תהליך שמתרחש בתוך השמש, ובתקווה נצליח לרתום אותו גם על כדור הארץ. פזיקת החלקיקים נוגעת עמוק יותר, ומנסה למצוא את החלקיקים היסודיים Catalan: Però mentre la Relativitat descriu el món macroscòpic, altres físics estaven més interessats en el món microscòpic., que és el món de la Física Quàntica. La Teoria Atòmica estudiava l'àtom i descripcions i desenvolupava descripcions cada cop més acurades. Des de una simple esfera a electrons orbitant amb diferents nivells d'energia i la seva descripció com una distribució de càrrega. La Física de la Matèria Condensada prové d'aplicar la Física Quàntica a un conjunt d'àtoms en sòlids i líquids; i ha estat la base d'ordinadors, làsers i de la informació quàntica. La Física Nuclear descriu el nucli atòmic i explica la radiació nuclear, la fissió (el trencament de l'àtom emprat a les centrals nuclears) i la fusió, un fenomen que té lloc al Sol i que ben aviat es podrà reproduir aquí a la Terra. La Física de Partícules aprofundeix encara més i busca les partícules subatòmiques fonamentals que conformen la matèria Vietnamese: Khi mà thuyết tương đối mô tả những thứ vô cùng lớn các nhà vật lý còn bận tìm hiểu những thứ rất nhỏ trong thế giới của Vật lý Lượng tử. Thuyết nguyên tử tìm hiểu bản chất của nguyên tử và những mô tả chi tiết hơn của nguyên tử đã được phát triển. Từ hình dáng cầu siêu nhỏ tới quỹ đạo electron và mức năng lượng và electron như là năng lượng dạng sóng. Vật lý vật chất ngưng tụ mô tả vật lý lượng tử của vô số nguyên tử trong chất rắn và chất lỏng, nơi mà nhiều phát kiến công nghệ tuyệt vời được ra đời như máy tính, laser, và khoa học thông tin lượng tử (gg đi) Vật lý hạt nhân mô tả cách hạt nhân của nguyên tử hoạt động và giải thích hiện tượng phóng xạ phản ứng phân hạch, sự phân chia của 1 nguyên tử trong nhà máy điện hạt nhân, và phản ứng nhiệt hạch diễn ra trong mặt trời và hy vọng sẽ sớm được ứng dụng tại đây trên trái đất. Vật lý hạt đào sâu hơn và tìm hiểu những hạt hạ nguyên tử cơ sở Kurdish: لەکاتێکدا ڕێژەیی زۆر بە گەورەیی باسی شتەکان دەکات بەڵام فیزیاوانەکانی تر سەرقاڵی ئیشکردنی مەودای زۆر بچووک بوون لە جیهانی فیزیای کوانتەمدا تیۆری ئەتۆمی لە سروشتی ئەتۆم وردبۆوە وە شیکردنەوە و زانیاری زیاتر و زیاتر دەربارەی ئەتۆم پەرەیسەند لە گۆیێکی بچووکەوە بۆ خولگەکانی ئەلیکترۆن و پاشان بۆ ئاستە وزەکان وە دواتر بۆ بوونی ئەلیکترۆن بە شەپۆل وەکو بڵاوبوونەوەی بارگە فیزیای دۆخی ڕەقی وەسفی فیزیای کوانتەمی کۆمەڵێک ئەتۆم دەکات بەیەکەوە لە ڕەقەکان و شلەکان وە لێیەوە زۆر تەکنەلۆژیای مەزن هاتوون وە کۆمپیوتەرەکان، لێزەرەکان وە زانستی زانیاری کوانتەمی فیزیای ناوەکی وەسفی ڕەفتاری ناوکی گەردیلە دەکات وە هەروەها ڕونکردنەوەی تیشکدان، ناوکە کەرتبوون، دابەشبوونی ئەتۆم بەکاردێت لە کارگەکانی وزەی ناوەکی، وە ناوکە یەکگرتن کە لە خۆردا ڕوودات وە بە هیوای ئەوەی بەزوویی بەکاربهێندرێت لە سەر زەوی فیزیای تەنۆلکەیی تێڕوانینێکی قوڵتر بۆ دۆزینەوەی تەنۆلکە سەرەتاییەکان Czech: Mezitím co se relativita pokoušela popsat věci velké, jiní fyzikové pracovali na věcech velmi malých ve světě kvantové fyziky. Atomová teorie prozkoumala chování a povahu atomu a tak se vyvýjely čím dál tím detailnější popisy atomu. Od malých koulí, přes elektronové orbitaly, k energetickým hladinám až k elektronům v podobě vlnových rozdělení náboje. Fyzika kondenzovaných látek popisuje kvantovou fyziku spojení mnoha atomů v podobě pevných či kapalných látek. Díky tomuto odvětví fyziky vzniklo mnoho úžasných technologií jako jsou počítače, lasery a věda o kvantových informacích. Jaderná fyzika popisuje chování jader atomů a vysvětluje tím radiaci, jaderné štěpení, dělení atomu používané v jaderných elektrárnách a jadernou fúzi, kterou najdeme nejblíže v našem Slunci a kterou snad brzy ovládneme i na Zemi. Částicová fyzika pátrá ještě hlouběji a snaží se objevit subatomické částice Thai: ในขณะที่สัมพัทธภาพอธิบายสิ่งที่ใหญ่มาก ๆ นักฟิสิกส์ส่วนหนึ่งก็ยุ่งกับสิ่งเล็ก ๆ ในโลกของฟิสิกส์ควอนตัม ทฤษฎีอะตอมมุ่งศึกษาธรรมชาติของอะตอม และมีพัฒนาการของการอธิบายเกี่ยวกับ อะตอมที่ละเอียดเพิ่มขึ้น ๆ จากทรงกลมเล็กๆ ไปเป็นวงโคจรอิเล็กตรอน ไปเป็นระดับชั้นพลังงาน และในที่สุดอิเล็กตรอนมีการกระจายประจุ เหมือนคลื่น ฟิสิกส์สารควบแน่นอธิบายฟิสิกส์ควอนตัม ของอะตอมหลาย ๆ ตัวที่อยู่ในของแข็งและ ของเหลว ซึ่งเป็นที่มาของเทคโนโลยีชั้นยอดจำนวนมาก เช่น คอมพิวเตอร์ เลเซอร์ และวิทยาศาสตร์ ของควอนตัมอินโฟเมขัน ฟิสิกส์นิวเคลียร์อธิบายพฤติกรรมของ นิวเคลียสในอะตอมและการแผ่รังสี เราใช้ปฏิกิริยานิวเคลียร์ฟิชชัน หรือ การแตกตัว ของอะตอม ในโรงไฟฟ้านิวเคลียร์ และหวังว่า นิวเคลียร์ฟิวชัน ที่เกิดขึ้นบนดวงอาทิตย์ จะผลิตขึ้นได้บนโลก ฟิสิกส์อนุภาคเน้นการค้นหาพื้นฐานของ อนุภาคที่เล็กกว่าอะตอม ซึ่งประกอบกันเป็น German: Während die Relativität das sehr Große beschreibt, waren andere Physiker damit beschäftigt, das sehr Kleine in der Welt der Quantenphysik zu erforschen. Die Atomtheorie untersuchte die Natur des Atoms und immer detailliertere Beschreibungen des Atoms wurden entwickelt, von einer kleinen Kugel, zum Elektronenorbit, zu Energieleveln bis dahin, dass die Elektronen wellenartige Ladungsverteilungen waren. Die Physik der kondensierten Materie beschreibt die Quantenphysik vieler Atome zusammen in Festkörpern und und Flüssigkeiten. Viele großartige Technologien wie Computer, Laser und Quanteninformatik stammen davon ab. Die Kernphysik beschreibt, wie die Kerne von Atomen sich verhalten, und erklärt Strahlung, Kernspaltung, also die Spaltung eines Atoms, wie sie in unseren Atomkraftwerken verwendet wird, und Kernfusion, die in der Sonne stattfindet und hoffentlich bald auch hier auf der Erde verwendet werden wird. Teilchenphysik geht noch tiefer um die fundamentalen subatomischen Teilchen zu finden, Swedish: Medan relativitet beskriver det mycket stora, andra fysiker var upptagna på jobbet på mycket små i kvantfysikens värld. Atomteorien undersökte atomens natur, och mer och mer detaljerade beskrivningar av atomen utvecklades. Från en liten sfär, till elektronbanor, till energinivåer och sedan till elektronerna vara vågliknande laddningsfördelningar. Kondenserad materiens fysik beskriver kvantfysiken av många atomer tillsammans i fasta och vätskor, och det är där många fantastiska tekniker har kommit ifrån som datorer, lasrar, och kvantinformationsvetenskap. Kärnfysik beskriver hur kärnan av atomer uppför sig och förklarar strålning, kärnklyvning, delningen av den använda atomen i våra kärnkraftverk och kärnfusion som äger rum i solen och kommer förhoppningsvis snart utnyttjas här på jorden. Partikelfysiken undersöker ännu djupare de grundläggande subatomära partiklarna att allt Portuguese: Enquanto a relatividade descreve o muito grande, outros físicos estavam ocupados trabalhando no muito pequeno do mundo da Física Quântica. A teoria atómica investigou a natureza do átomo, e descrições cada vez mais detalhadas do átomo foram desenvolvidas. De uma pequena esfera, para uma órbita de eletrões, para níveis de energia, e para os eletrões serem distribuições de carga com características ondulatórias. A Física da matéria condensada descreve a física quântica de muitos átomos juntos em sólidos e líquidos, e é de onde muitas grandes tecnologias têm surgido, como computadores, lasers e a ciência da informação quântica. Física nuclear descreve como o núcleo dos átomos se comporta, explica radiação, fissão nuclear: a divisão do átomo usada em nossas usinas nucleares, e fusão nuclear: que ocorre no Sol e esperemos que em breve seja explorada aqui na Terra. A Física de partículas investiga ainda mais a fundo para encontrar partículas subatómicas fundamentais das quais Galician: Mentres a relatividade describe o moi grande, outros físicos estaban ocupados traballando co moi pequeno no mundo da física cuántica. A teoría atómica pescudou a natureza do átomo e foron desenvolvéndose descricións cada vez máis detalladas. Dunha esfera diminuta a órbitas electrónicas, a niveis enerxéticos e a electróns como distribucións ondulatorias de carga. A física da materia condensada describe a física cuántica de moitos átomos xuntos nos sólidos e nos líquidos, e dela veñen moitos avances tecnolóxicos como os ordenadores, os láseres e a ciencia da información cuántica. A física nuclear describe o comportamento do núcleo dos átomos e explica a radiación, a fisión nuclear (a división do átomo usada nas nosas centrais nucleares) e a fusión nuclear, que ten lugar no Sol e, oxalá, será controlada decontado aquí na Terra. A física de partículas indaga máis profundamente para atopar as partículas subatómicas fundamentais Italian: La relatività descrive l'immensamente grande. Per descrivere l'immensamente piccolo, i fisici crearono la fisica quantistica. La teoria atomica esplorò la natura dell'atomo riuscendo a descriverlo sempre più nel dettaglio. Da una piccola sfera, all'orbita elettronica, fino ai livelli energetici e agli elettroni come distribuzioni a onde di carica. La fisica della materia condensata descrive la fisica quantistica degli atomi nei solidi e nei liquidi. Da ciò derivano grandi tecnologie come i computer, i laser e l'informatica quantistica. La fisica nucleare descrive come si comportano i nuclei degli atomi e come emettono radiazioni. Spiega anche la fissione nucleare: la divisione dell'atomo che viene effettuata nelle centrali nucleari e anche la fusione nucleare che avviene nel sole e che presto sarà replicata sulla Terra. La fisica delle particelle va ancora più a fondo per cercare le particelle fondamentali, con le quali tutte le cose sono fatte. Chinese: 當相對論描述非常大的時候，其他物理學家忙於研究非常小的世界 "量子物理" 原子理論探究原子的本質，而發展了越來越多 關於原子詳細的描述 從微小粒子到有電子軌道再到有能階再到電子具有"波"性 總總電子的分佈 凝態物理描述固態或液態其中多原子的量子物理 有許多非常好科技就是從這裡來的，像是電腦，雷射還有 量子資訊科學 核物理描述原子核的行為還有解釋輻射和核裂變 而這種分裂原子的方式使用於我們的核電廠，還有核融合這種 發生於太陽中，也希望能盡快在地球上利用 粒子物理探究的是更升一層的基本次原子粒子 Spanish: Mientras que la relatividad describe los objetos muy grandes, otros físicos estaban ocupados trabajando con las pequeñas del mundo de la física cuántica. La teoría atómica, probó la naturaleza del átomo, y una descripción mas y mas detallada del átomo fue desarrollada. Desde una diminuta esfera, a la órbita del electrón, hasta los niveles de energía de y los electrones comportandose como onda de la distribución de carga. La física de la materia condensada, describe cuanticamente el comportamiento de muchos átomos juntos en sólidos y líquidos, y es de donde provienen grandes progresos tecnológicos, tales como computadoras, láser y la ciencia cuántica de la información. La física nuclear, describe como se comportan los núcleos de los átomos, y explica la radiación, fisión nuclear, la división del átomo utilizada en las plantas nucleares de generación, y la fusión nuclear, que tiene lugar en el Sol y con suerte pronto podrá utilizarse aquí en la Tierra. La física de partículas, investiga aun mas profundamente, para hallar partículas subátomicas fundamentales con las cuales están hechas todas las cosas English: While relativity describes the very big, other physicists were busy at work on the very small in the world of Quantum Physics. Atomic theory probed the nature of the atom, and more and more detailed descriptions of the atom were developed. From a tiny sphere, to electron orbits, to energy levels and then to the electrons being wave-like charge distributions. Condensed matter physics describes the quantum physics of many atoms together in solids and liquids, and is where many great technologies have come from like computers, lasers, and quantum information science. Nuclear physics describes how the nucleus of atoms behave, and explains radiation, nuclear fission, the splitting of the atom used in our nuclear power plants, and nuclear fusion which takes place in the Sun and will hopefully soon be harnessed here on Earth. Particle physics probes even deeper to find the fundamental subatomic particles that everything Finnish: Suhteellisuusteorian kuvatessa isoja asioita, toiset fyysikot työstivät todella pienten asioiden Kvanttifysiikkaa Atomiteoria luotaa atomin luonnetta ja tarkempi kuvaus atomista kehitettiin. Pienestä pallosta orbitaaleihin ja energiatasoihin ja lopulta siihen, että elektronit ovat aallon omaisia Varausjakaumia. Ydinfysiikka kuvaa miten atomiytimet käyttäytyvät ja selittää säteilyn, fission eli atomiytimen halkeamisen jota hyödynnetään ydinvoimaloissa sekä fuusion eli atomiytimien yhdistymisen mitä tapahtuu auringossa ja joka toivottavasti pian valjastetaan toimintaa myös maassa. Hiukkasfysiikka luotaa vieläkin syvemmälle löytääkseen alkeishiukkset joista Danish: Mens relativitetsteori beskriver det meget store, var andre fysikere i gang med det meget små i kvantefysikkens verden. Atomteorien undersøger ​​atomets opbygning Mere og mere detaljerede beskrivelser af atomet blev udviklet. Fra en lille kugle, til elektronkredsløb, til energiniveauer og endelige til elektroner som bølgelignende ladningsfordelinger. Faststoffysik beskriver kvantefysik af mange atomer sammen i faste stoffer og væsker. Herfra kommer mange store teknologier, som computere, lasere og kvanteinformationsvidenskab Kernefysik beskriver, hvordan atomkernen opfører sig. Den forklarer radioaktivitet, kernefission som er opdelingen af ​​atomet, der anvendes i kernekraftværker samt kernefusion, der finder sted i Solen og som forhåbentlig kan udnyttes her på Jorden. Partikelfysik kigger endnu dybere for at finde de fundamentale subatomare partikler som alt er lavet af Japanese: 相対論がマクロな世界の記述を目指したのに対し、他の物理学者は非常にミクロな世界の物理学に注目していました。 それが量子物理学です。 原子物理学は、原子の性質について記述し、 それまでの理論よりもより詳細な記述を可能としました。 それは小さな電荷から、電子の軌跡、そしてエネルギーのレベルまでを記述します。 そして電子は、波動のような電荷の分布をしていることも分かりました。 物性物理学は固体や液体中における、原子のふるまいを考える量子物理学であり、 それらによって大いなる技術発展がもたらされました。 一例としては、コンピュータやレーザー、そして量子情報科学です。 原子核物理学は、原子核がどのように振る舞うかを考察し、放射能を説明し、 現在の原子力発電所で使われている核分裂の理論を明かし そして太陽の原理であり、今後地上でも応用が期待されている核融合の理論を含みます。 素粒子物理学は、根源的な素粒子について、より深い証明を行い、 Dutch: Terwijl relativiteit het hele grote beschrijft, waren andere natuurkundigen bezig het hele kleine te beschrijven, in de wereled van de quantum mechanica. Atoomtheorie doortastte de natuur van het atoom, en meer en meer gdetailleerde beschrijvingen van het atoom werden ontwikkeld. Van een klein balletje, tot electron omloopbaan, tot de energieverschillen waarop electronen golfachtige lading distributies lijken. De fysica van de gecondenseerde materie beschrijft de quantum mechanica van vele atomen samen in toestanden tussen vast en vloeibaar, en is de basis van vele technologien zoals computers, lasers, en quantum informatie technologie. Kernfysica beschrijft hoe de kern van een atoom zich gedraagt, en verklaart straling, nucleare fusie, het splijten van atomen in kernreactoren, en nucleare fusie zoals het in de zon voorkomt, en hoe het hopelijk snel op aarde toegepast zal worden. Deeltjes-fysica onderzoekt nog dieper om de fundamentele sub atomische deeltjes waar alles Modern Greek (1453-): Και ενω η σχετικότητα περιγραφει τι γίνεται στα πολύ μεγάλα, άλλοι φυσικοί ασχολήθηκαν με τα πολύ μικρά στον κόσμο της Κβαντοφυσικής. Η ατομική θεωρία διερευνά τη φύση του ατόμου και όλο και λεπτομερέστερες περιγραφές του ατόμου αναπτύχθηκαν. Από μια μικροσκοπική σφαιρα, στις τροχιές των ηλεκτρονίων, στις ενεργειακές στάθμες, ως την κυματική συμπεριφορά των ηλεκτρονίων και την κατανομή του φορτίου. Η φυσική στερεού σώματος περιγράφει την κβαντική συμπεριφορά πολλών ατόμων μαζί στα στερεά και υγρά και από εκει ξεπήδησαν σπουδαίες τεχνολογίες όπως υπολογιστές, lasers, και η μεταφορά κβαντικής πληροφορίας Η πυρηνική φυσική περιγράφει πως συμπεριφερόνται οι πυρήνες των ατόμων, εξηγεί τη ραδιενέργεια, την πυρηνική σχάση που χρησιμοποιείται στα πυρηνικά εργοστάσια ηλεκτρικού ρεύματος την πυρινική σύντηξη που συμβαίνει στον Ηλιο και ελπίζω συντομα να αξιοποιηθεί και στη Γη. Η σωματιδιακή φυσική διερευνα ακόμη βαθύτερα ωστε να ανακαλύψει τα θεμελιώδη σωματίδια από Portuguese: Enquanto a relativdade descreve o que é muito grande, outros físicos estavam ocupados trabalhando no extramente pequeno mundo da Física Quântica. Teoria Atômica provou que a natureza do átomo, e cada vez mais detalhadas descrições do átomo foram desenvolvidas. De uma pequena esfera, para órbita de elétrons, para níveis de energia até os elétrons terem forma de onda como distribuições de carga. Física da matéria condensada descreve a física quântica de muitos átomos juntos em sólidos e líquidos e é de onde muitas tecnologias notáveis vieram como computadores, lasers e a ciência da informação quântica. Física Nuclear descreve como o núcleo dos átomos de comportam, e explica a radiação, fissão nuclear, a divisão do átomo utilizada em nossas usinas nucleares, e a fusão nuclear que acontece no Sol e irá logo ser utilizada aqui na Terra. Física de Partículas prova achar mais profundamente partículas subatômicas fundamentais das quais tudo French: Alors que la relativité décrivait tout ce qui est gros, d'autres physiciens travaillaient d’arrache-pied sur le très petit dans le monde de la physique quantique. La théorie atomique explore la nature de l'atome et des descriptions de plus en plus précises de l'atome ont été développées : en commençant par une toute petite boule, puis en y ajoutant l'orbite des électrons, leurs niveaux d'énergie, et enfin leur représentation ondulatoire. La physique de la matière condensée décrit le comportement d'un grand nombre d'atomes mis ensemble dans des solides et des liquides, elle est à la base de nombreuses technologies comme les ordinateurs, les lasers et l’information quantique. La physique nucléaire décrit le noyau des atomes et explique la radiation, la fission nucléaire (l'explosion des noyaux d'atome mise à profit dans les centrales nucléaires), et la fusion nucléaire que l'on observe dans le Soleil et qui sera, espérons le, bientôt exploitée ici sur Terre. La physique des particules creuse encore plus profondément pour trouver les particules subatomiques fondamentales Chinese: 相对论描述了非常大的宏观世界，然而其他物理学家们忙于研究量子物理的 微观世界。 原子理论探讨了原子的性质， 越来越多的针对原子的详细理论 被发展起来。 从一个微小的球体枣糕模型，到卢瑟福电子轨道模型，到波尔的电子概率分布的 能级模型。 凝聚态物理中描述了固体和液体中大量原子的量子现象， 同时发展出许多伟大的技术，比如电脑，激光和 量子信息科学。 核物理分析了原子核的行为，并解释了辐射， 核电站核裂变的运用和太阳内部发生的核聚变， 并且有希望很快就可以在地球上运用。 粒子物理探测器甚至可以更深入的去寻找组成所有物质和 Polish: Podczas, gdy teoria względności opisuje to, co ogromne, inni fizycy zajmują się tym, co jest niezwykle małe, pracując w świecie fizyki kwantowej. Teoria atomu badała naturę atomu, a coraz dokładniejsze opisy atomu były ciągle rozwijane. Od mikroskopijnej sfery, przez orbity elektronowe, poziomy energetyczne, aż po postrzeganie elektronów, jako podobnych falom rozkładów ładunku. Fizyka materii skondensowanej opisuje fizykę kwantową wielu atomów razem, w ramach ciał stałych oraz płynów oraz ma zastosowanie w stosunku do wielu wspaniałych technologii, jak komputery, lasery, czy informatyka kwantowa. Fizyka jądrowa opisuje, jak zachowują się elementy jąder atomowych oraz wyjaśnia promieniowanie, rozszczepienie jąder atomowych, używane w naszych elektrowniach atomowych, a także fuzję jądrową, która zachodzi w Słońcu i być może zostanie zastosowana także tutaj, na Ziemi. Fizyka cząstek elementarnych udaje się jeszcze głębiej, by odkrywać cząstki subatomowe, Hungarian: Mig a relativitás leirja a nagyon nagyot, más fizikusok a nagyon kicsin próbáltak meg dolgozni a kvantum fizika világában. Az atom elmélet vizsgálta az atomok természetét, és részletesebbnél részletesebb leirások fejlődtek ki az atomról. A kicsi gömbtől, az elektronpályákon és az energia szinteken keresztül, addig, hogy az elektronok hullámszerű töltés eloszlások. A kondenzált anyag fizikája leirja sok atom kvantum fizikáját együtt egy szilárd testben, vagy folyadékban, ami nagyon sok fantasztikus technológiát alapozott, mint a computerok, a lézerek és a kvantum információ tudomány. A nukleáris fizika (magfizika) leirja, hogy viselkedik az atomok nukleusa (magja) és megmagyarázza a sugárzást, a nukleáris fissziót, az atomok hasadását, a mi nukleáris erőműveinkben van kihasználva és a nukleáris fúziót ami a Napban történik és remélhetőleg ki lesz használva itt a Földön is. A részecske fizika még ennél is mélyebben vizsgál, hogy alapvető szubatomi részecskéket teláljon amiből minden Korean: 상대성이 아주 큰 거시 세계를 설명한 반면, 다른 물리학자들은 아주 작은 미시 세계를 연구하는데 몰두했습니다 그리고 그것이 양자 물리학이죠 원자 이론은 원자의 본질을 탐구하였고, 더욱더 자세한 설명이 계속해서 추가되었습니다 작은 구체에서부터 전자 궤도, 에너지 준위를 거쳐 파동성을 띠는 전자의 확률 분포에까지 이르렀죠 응축 물질 물리학은 고체나 액체처럼 원자들이 모여있을 때의 양자물리를 다루고, 엄청난 기술들, 예를 들어 컴퓨터나 레이저, 양자 정보 과학과 같은 기술이 여기서 나옵니다 핵 물리학은 핵이 어떤 반응을 보이는지를 다루며, 방사선과, 원자력 발전소에 쓰이는 핵분열, 태양에서 일어나는 핵융합을 설명하고 핵융합은 곧 지구에서도 이용될 겁니다 입자 물리학은 더 깊이 들어가서, 모든 것들을 이루는, 원자보다도 더 작은 입자를 찾아 Indonesian: Sementara relativitas menjelaskan sangat besar, fisikawan lain sibuk bekerja di sangat kecil dalam dunia Quantum Fisika. teori atom menggali sifat atom, dan deskripsi lebih dan lebih rinci atom dikembangkan. Dari sebuah bola kecil, untuk orbit elektron, untuk tingkat energi dan kemudian ke elektron menjadi distribusi muatan seperti gelombang. fisika benda terkondensasi menjelaskan fisika kuantum dari banyak atom bersama-sama dalam padatan dan cairan, dan di mana banyak teknologi besar berasal dari seperti komputer, laser, dan ilmu informasi kuantum. fisika nuklir menjelaskan bagaimana inti atom berperilaku, dan menjelaskan radiasi, fisi nuklir, pemisahan atom yang digunakan di pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir kami, dan fusi nuklir yang berlangsung di Sun dan kemauan mudah-mudahan segera dimanfaatkan di bumi. probe partikel fisika lebih dalam untuk menemukan partikel subatomik mendasar bahwa segala sesuatu Turkish: Görelilik çok büyük ölçeklerle uğraşıyorken, diğer fizikçiler kuantum fiziğinin dünyasındaki çok küçük parçacıklarla meşguldü. Atom teorisi atomun doğasını ve daha da detayını derinlemesine inceliyordu. Teori sırasıyla İnce bir katmandan başlayıp elektron yörüngelerine, enerji seviyelerine ve nihayetinde dalga özelliği gösteren elektronlara kadar gelişmeye devam etti. Katı hal fiziği, katılardaki ve sıvılardaki birçok atomu birarada inceyen ve bilgisayarlar,lazerler,kuantum bilgi bilimi gibi birçok büyük teknolojik gelişmenin önünü açan bilim dalıdır. Nükleer fizik atomların çekirdeğinin davranışını tanımlar Radyasyonu, nükleer bombalarımızda kullanılan atomların parçalanması olan fisyonu, Güneş’te gerçekleşen ve Dünya’da da yakın zamanda başarılabilecek olan füzyonu açıklar. Parçacık fiziği her şeyi meydana getiren ve standart Bengali: যখন কিছু পদার্থবিদ ব্যাস্ত ছিলেন রিলেটিভিটি নিয়ে, যেটা বিশাল বিশাল বস্তুদের নিয়ে কথা বলে। অন্য পদার্থবিদরা ব্যাস্ত ছিলেন কোয়ান্টাম জগতের রস আস্বাদনে। অ্যাটমিক থিওরী জানালো আমাদের অ্যাটম বা পরমানুর বৈশিষ্ট্য সম্পর্কে, এর অভ্যন্তরিন গঠন এবং কিভাবে অ্যাটম গঠিত হয়েছিলো। ছোট্ট একটা গোলকসদৃশ থেকে পারমানবিক মডেল থেকে বেরিয়ে, ইলেক্ট্রনের কক্ষপথ, নির্ধারিত শক্তিস্তরের ধারণা যেখানে ইলেক্ট্রনের তরঙ্গ সদৃশ অবস্থায় বিন্যস্ত থাকে। কন্ডেন্সড ম্যাটার ফিজিক্স হলো কঠিন পদার্থ( সলিড) , প্রবাহী (লিকুইড) ও বিভিন্ন অসাধারণ প্রযুক্তি যেমন কম্পিউটার, লেজার বা কোয়ান্টাম ইনফরমেশন সায়েন্সে পরমানুরা কিভাবে বিভিন্ন ক্রিয়া প্রক্রিয়ার অংশ নেয় তারই কোয়ান্টাম বলবিদ্যার আলোকে ব্যাখ্যা। নিউক্লিয়ার ফিজিক্স আমাদের শেখায় পরমানুর নিউক্লিয়াসের বৈশিষ্ট্য, ব্যাখ্যা করে তেজস্ক্রিয়তা। শেখায় নিউক্লিয়ার ফিশন বা তেজস্ক্রীয় পরমানুর ভাঙন যেটা আমরা পারমানবিক বিদ্যুৎ কেন্দ্রে কাজে লাগাই। এবং নিউক্লিয়ার ফিউশন যেটা সুর্যের বুকে ঘটে চলেছে অবিরাম এবং আশাকরি নিকট ভবিষ্যতে পৃথিবীর বুকেও ভালো কাজে আমরা এই প্রক্রিয়া কাজে লাগাবো। পার্টিকেল ফিজিক্স বা কণাপদার্থবিদ্যা আমাদের নিয়ে যায় পরমানুর গহীনে, যেখানে খেলা করে মৌলিক কণারা, যাদের দিয়েই পরমানুর তথা এই গোটা মহাবিশ্বের সৃষ্টি। Indonesian: terbuat dari dan dijelaskan dalam model standar fisika partikel. teori medan kuantum menangkap semua kuantum fisika dan menggabungkannya dengan teori khusus relativitas dan adalah keterangan terbaik Alam Semesta kita miliki. teori medan Sayangnya Quantum tidak termasuk gravitasi dan fisikawan tidak tahu bagaimana untuk bergabung bersama-sama fisika kuantum dan teori relativitas umum yang mengarah ke jurang raksasa kebodohan. Suatu hari di masa depan kami berharap untuk menutup jurang ini dan datang dengan teori semua fisika kita menyebutnya gravitasi kuantum, dan ada banyak upaya untuk melakukan hal ini beberapa contoh adalah teori string atau lingkaran gravitasi kuantum dan ada banyak lagi. Tapi gravitasi kuantum bukan satu-satunya hal yang kita amati tapi tidak mengerti, ada juga teka-teki besar energi gelap dan materi gelap yang tampaknya membuat 95% dari alam semesta. Jadi semua fisika kami hanya benar-benar menggambarkan 5% dari apa yang kita ketahui tentang dan segala sesuatu yang lain, pada saat ini, adalah sebuah misteri. Ada banyak misteri lainnya di luar sana seperti Big Bang, English: is made of and are described in the standard model of particle physics. Quantum field theory captures all of quantum physics and combines it with the special theory of relativity and is the best description of the Universe we have. Unfortunately Quantum field theory doesn’t include gravity and so physicists don’t know how to join together quantum physics and the general theory of relativity leading to the giant chasm of ignorance. One day in the future we hope to close this chasm and come up with a theory of all of physics we call it quantum gravity, and there are many attempts to do this some examples are string theory or loop quantum gravity and there is many more. But quantum gravity isn’t the only thing we observe but don’t understand, there are also the major puzzles of dark energy and dark matter which seem to make up 95% of the Universe. So all of our physics only really describes 5% of what we know about and everything else, at the moment, is a mystery. There are many other mysteries out there like the Big Bang, Czech: z nichž je vše složeno a které jsou popsány ve standartním modelu částicové fyziky. Teorie kvantového pole popisuje celou kvantovou fyziku a navíc ji kombinuje se speciální teorií relativity a je tak nejlepším popisem vesmíru, který máme. Bohužel teorie kvantového pole nezahrnuje gravitaci a tak fyzikové do dnešního dne nevědí jak spojit dohromady kvantovou fyziku a obecnou teorii relativity. To vede ke gigantické propasti nevědomosti. Jednoho dne v budoucnu snad budeme tuto propast umět uzavřít a příjde s teorií popisující celou fyziku. Říkáme jí kvantová gravitace a existuje mnoho teorií kandidující na její místo. Jde například o teorii strun, teorii kvantových smyček a mnoho dalších. Ale kvantová gravitace není jedinou věcí kterou pozorujeme ale neumíme vysvětlit. Velkými rébusy jsou také temná energie a temná hmota, která jak se zdá tvoří 95% známého vesmíru. Takže veškerá naše fyzika vlastně popisuje chování 5%, o kterých víme, a vše ostatní je prozatím záhadou. Je zde také mnoho dalších záhad jako třeba Velký třesk Dutch: van gemaakt is , en zijn beschreven in het standaardmodel van deeltjes fysica. Kwantumveldentheorie omvat alles van quantummechanica en kombineert dit met speciale relativiteits theorie en is de beste beschrijving van het universum die we hebben. Helaas bevat quantumveldentheorie geen gravitatie en dus weten natuurkundigen niet hoe ze quantum mechanica met algemene relativiteit moeten verbinden wat leidt tot een gigantisch gat van onwetendheid. Op een dag in de toekomst hopen we dit gat te dichten met een theorie van alle mechanica , die we quantum gravitatie noemen, en er zijn vele voorbeelden van pogingen zoals string theorie en loop quantum zwaartekracht, en er zijn vele anderen. Maar quantum zwaartekracht is niet het enige wat we waarnemen maar niet begrijpen, er zijn ook de hoofdmoten van de grote puzzel, donkere energie en donkere materie, die 95% procent van het Universum beslaan. Dus Natuurkunde beschrijft maar 5% van wat we weten, en al het andere, is een mysterie. Arabic: التي يتكون منها كل شيء والموضحة في النموذج القياسي لفيزياء الجسيمات. نظرية الحقل الكمي تلتقط الفيزياء الكمية و تربطها مع النظرية الخاصة للنسبية وهو أفضل وصف الكون لدينا. للأسف نظرية الحقل الكمي لا تشمل الجاذبية ومنه الفيزيائيون لا يعلمون كيفية ضم فيزياء الكم ونظرية النسبية العامة وهذا يؤدي لهوة ضخمة من الجهل. يوما ما في المستقبل، نأمل أن نغلق هذه الهوة ونتوصل إلى نظرية كل الفيزياء تسمى الثقالة الكمية، وهناك محاولات عديدة للقيام بذلك مثل نظرية الأوتار أو حلقة الكم الجاذبية وهناك غيرها الكثير. لكن الثقالة الكمية ليست الشيء الوحيد الذي نلاحظه ولا نستطيع فهمه، هناك أيضا الألغاز الكبرى من الطاقة المظلمة و المادة المظلمة التي يبدو أنها تشكل 95٪ من الكون. لذا الفيزياء فقط تصف حقا 5٪ من ما نعرف وكل شيء أخر في هذه اللحظة هو لغز. Bengali: এবং মৌলিক কণাদের একটা পূর্ণ বিবরণ পাওয়া যায় পার্টিকেল ফিজিক্সের সৃষ্টি স্ট্যাণ্ডার্ড মডেল থেকে। কোয়ান্টাম ফিল্ড থিওরী কোয়ান্টাম ফিজিক্সের পুরোটার সাথে আপেক্ষিকতা বা রিলেটিভিটির একটা মেলবন্ধন বা যোগসূত্র তৈরি করে । এবং এটাই আমাদের বিশ্বব্রম্মান্ডের গঠনশৈলির একটা মেলবন্ধন বা যোগসূত্র তৈরি করে । এবং এটাই আমাদের বিশ্বব্রম্মান্ডের গঠনশৈলির সবচেয়ে সুন্দর ব্যাখ্যা দিতে পারে। দুর্ভাগবশতঃ কোয়ান্টাম ফিল্ড থিওরীতে মহাকর্ষ বলকে রাখা সম্ভব হয়নি , এবং পদার্থবিদরা আজো জানতে চেষ্টা করছেন কিভাবে মহাকর্ষকে এর মাঝে যুক্ত করা যায়, যাতে আমরা কোয়ান্টাম ফিজিক্সকে রিলেটিভিটির সাথে যুক্ত করে , দূরত্ব ঘুচিয়ে জ্ঞানের এক বিশাল দুয়ারকে উন্মুক্ত করতে পারি আশাকরি আমরা একদিন সব প্রতিবন্ধকতা ঘুঁচিয়ে ফেলবো, আবির্ভাব ঘটবে ফিজিক্সের সকল তত্ত্বের শিরোমনির যার নাম কোয়ান্টাম গ্রাভিটি। কিছু চেষ্টাও করা হয়েছে এর জন্য যেমন স্ট্রিং থিওরী, লুপ কোয়ান্টাম-গ্রাভিটি ইত্যাদি। তবে কোয়ান্টাম গ্রাভিটিই একমাত্র বিষয় নয় যেটা আমরা পর্যবেক্ষণ করেছি কিন্তু বুঝতে পারিনি। আমাদের মহাবিশ্বের ৯৫ ভাগই ডার্ক এনার্জি এবং ডার্ক ম্যাটার দ্বারাই তৈরি যাদের রহস্যের কোন কিছুই উদঘাটন করা সম্ভব হয়ে ওঠেনি। তাই ফিজিক্স আসলে ব্যাখ্যা করে এই বিশ্বব্রমাণ্ডের মাত্র ৫% অংশকে, যাদের সম্পর্কে আমরা আপাতত জানি, আর এর বাইরে সবকিছুই আমাদের কাছ এক রহস্য। বিগ ব্যাং নিয়েও কিছু প্রশ্ন আজো অমিমাংসিত, রহস্যঘেরা। এবং কোন সন্দেহই নেই যে German: aus denen alles besteht und die im Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik erklärt werden. Die Quantenfeldtheorie umfasst die ganze Quantenphysik und verbindet sie mit der speziellen Relativitätstheorie, und ist die beste Beschreibung des Universums die wir haben. Unglücklicherweise erklärt die Quantenfeldtheorie nicht die Gravitation, daher wissen die Physiker nicht wie man die Quantenphysik und die allgemeine Theorie der Relativität verbinden kann, was zu einer gigantischen Kluft des Unwissens führt. Wir hoffen, eines Tages in der Zukunft diese Kluft schließen zu können und eine Theorie der gesamten Physik zu entwickeln, die Quantengravitation genannt wird. Es gibt viele Ansätze, dies zu erreichen. Einige Beispiele sind die Stringtheorie oder die Schleifenquantengravitation und es gibt noch viele mehr. Aber die Quantengravitation ist nicht die einzige Sache, die wir beobachten, aber nicht verstehen. Es gibt auch noch die großen Rätsel der Dunklen Materie, die offenbar 95 % des Universums ausmacht. Die Physik beschreibt also in Wirklichkeit nur 5 % dessen, was wir kennen und alles andere ist für den Augenblick ein Geheimnis. Finnish: kaikki muodostuu ja joita hiukkasfysiikan Standardimalli kuvaa. Kvanttikenttäteoria sulkee sisäänsä kaiken kvanttifysiikan ja yhdistää sen Yleiseen Suhteellisuusteoriaan ja on paras olemassaoleva kuvaus maailmankaikkeudesta Valitetttavasti painovoima ei sisälly kvanttikenttäteoriaan joten fyysikot eivät osaa yhdistää kvanttifysiikkaa ja Yleistä Suhteellisuusteoriaa ja tämä johtaa jättimäiseen tietämättömyyden kuiluun näiden välillä. Jonain päivänä tämä kuilu toivottavasti sulkeutuu ja keksitään kaikenkattava Kvanttigravitaatioksi kutsuttu teoria. Tätä on Kvanttigravitaatio ei ole ainut asiat mitä emme ymmärrä. On myös isoja mysteerejä kuten Pimeä energia ja Pimeä aine joka näyttää muodostavan 95% maaimankaikkeudesta. Joten nykyfysiikka kuvaa oikeastaan 5% kaikesta mitä tiedämme olevan ja loppu on tällä hetkellä mysteeri. Kurdish: کە پێکهاتەی هەموو شتێکن وە شیکراونەتەوە ستاندارد مۆدێلی فیزیای تەنۆلکەیی تیۆری بواری کوانتەم هەموو فیزیای کوانتەم دەگرێت و دەیبەستێتەوە بە تیۆری ڕێژەیی تایبەت کە باشترین شیکردنەوەیە بۆ ئەم گەردوونەی کە هەمانە بەڵام بەداخەوە تیۆری بواری کوانتەم کێشکردن ناگرێتەخۆ وە بۆیە فیزیاوانەکان نازانن چۆن پێکبەستن بکەن لەنێوان فیزیای کوانتەم و تیۆری ڕێژەیی گشتی، کە بۆتە هۆی درزێکی گەورەی نەزانی ڕۆژێک لە داهاتوودا بەو هیوایەی نزیکبینەوە لەم درزە وە بگەین بە تیۆریێک بۆ هەموو فیزیا کە پێی دەڵێین کێشکردنی کوانتەمی، وە تا ئێستا زۆر هەوڵ هەیە بۆ ئەمە نمونەکانی وەکو تیۆری ژێیەکان یاخود لووپ کوانتەم گراڤیتی وە زۆری تر بەڵام کێشکردنی کوانتەمی تەنها تێڕوانین نیە کە تێیناگەین چەندەها مەتەڵی جیاوازی وزەی تاریک و ماددەی تاریک هەیە کە وا بەدیاردەکەوێت %٩٥ ی گەردوونیان پێکهێنابێت بۆیە هەموو فیزیای ئێمە تەنها وەسفی %٥ ی هەموو ئەو شتەیە کە دەیزانین وە شتەکانی تر لەم ساتەدا نهێنین چەندەها نهێنی تر هەن وەکو تەقینەوە گەورەکە Portuguese: é feito e são descritas nos modelos padrão de Física de Partículas. Teoria Quântica de Campos pega toda a física quântica e combina com a Teoria Especial da Relatividade e é a melhor descrição do universo que nós temos. Infelizmente a Teoria Quântica dos Campos não inclui gravidade e assim os físicos não sabem como juntar a física quântica com a Teoria Geral da Relatividade levando a um Grande Abismo de Ignorância. Um dia no futuro nós esperamos fechar esse abismo e trazer uma teoria de tudo da física, chamada Gravidade Quântica e existem muitas tentativas de fazer isso, alguns exemplos são a Teoria das Cordas e a Gravidade Quântica em Loop e existem muitas outras. Mas a Gravidade Quântica não é a única coisa que nós observamos e não entendemos, existem também maiores charadas como energia escura e matéria escura que parece ser o que faz 95% do Universo. Portanto a Física só descreve realmente 5% do que nós conhecemos e todas as outras coisas, até o momento, são um mistério. Portuguese: tudo é feito, e que são descritas no modelo padrão da física de partículas A teoria quântica de campos abraça toda a física quântica e combina-a com a teoria da relatividade restrita, e é a melhor descrição do universo que temos. Infelizmente, a teoria quântica de campos não inclui a gravidade, por isso os físicos não sabem como juntar a física quântica com a teoria da relatividade geral, levando-nos ao grande abismo da ignorância. Um dia, no futuro, esperamos fechar esse abismo e formular uma teoria de toda a física chamada "gravidade quântica", e há muitas tentativas de fazer isso, alguns exemplos são a teoria das cordas ou a gravidade quântica em loop, e há muitas outras. Mas a gravidade quântica não é a única coisa que nós observamos e não entendemos, também há grandes quebra-cabeças da energia negra e matéria negra, que aparentemente compõem 95% do Universo. Portanto, a física só descreve realmente 5% do que nós conhecemos, e todo o resto, neste momento, é um mistério. Vietnamese: cấu tạo nên mọi thứ được mô tả trong mô hình chuẩn của vật lý hạt. Lý thuyết trường lượng tử kết hợp vật lý lượng tử với thuyết tương đối hẹp là mô tả tốt nhất về vũ trụ mà chúng ta có. Đáng tiếc là thuyết trường lượng tử lại không bao gồm trọng lực và các nhà vật lý chưa biết làm cách nào kết hợp vật lý lượng tử với thuyết tương đối rộng dẫn tới Khe nứt khổng lồ của Nhận thức. Một ngày trong tương lai chúng ta hy vọng có thể bịt được khe nứt và có được học thuyết của mọi môn vật lý mà ta gọi nó là vật lý lượng tử. Có rất nhiều người nỗ lực để làm điều này ví dụ như lý thuyết dây hay lý thuyết hấp dẫn lượng tử vòng và rất nhiều học thuyết khác Nhưng vật lý lượng tử không phải thứ duy nhất chúng ta nghiên cứu mà chưa thể hiểu được còn một câu đố khổng lồ về năng lượng tối và vật chất tối (dark matter) được cho là chiếm tới 95% vũ trụ. Vậy toàn bộ vật lý chỉ giải thích được 5% những gì ta đã biết, và phần còn lại đến giờ vẫn là một bí ẩn. Còn rất nhiều bí ẩn ngoài kia như Big Bang Spanish: y están descritas en el modelo standard de la física de partículas. La teoría cuántica de campos, combina la física cuántica con la teoría especial de la relatividad y es la mejor descripción del universo que tenemos. Desafortunadamente la teoría cuántica de campos, no incluye la gravedad, por lo tanto los fisicos no saben como unir la física cuántica y la teoría general de la relatividad, dando asi un abismo de ignorancia gigante. Un día en el futuro esperamos poder cerrar este abismo y llegar a la teoría de toda la física, llamada gravedad cuántica, y hay muchos intentos para esto algunos ejemplos son la teoría de cuerdas, o gravedad cuántica de lazos, y hay muchos mas Pero la gravedad cuántica no es la única cosa que observamos pero no entendemos, hay también un rompecabezas mayor, la energía oscura y la materia oscura la cual parece componer el 95% del Universo. La física solamente describe el 5% de lo que conocemos y lo demas por el momento es un misterio. Hay muchos otros misterios como el Big Bang, Thai: ทุก ๆ สิ่ง รวมถึงอธิบาย อนุภาคเหล่านั้น อธิบายได้ด้วยแบบจำลองมาตรฐานของฟิสิกส์อนุภาค ทฤษฎีสนามควอนตัมรวมทุก ๆ สิ่งของ ฟิสิกส์ควอนตัมกับทฤษฎีสัมพัทธภาพพิเศษ และเป็นสิ่งที่อธิบายจักรวาลได้ดีที่สุด ที่เรามีอยู่ ณ ขณะนี้ แต่แย่ตรงที่ทฤษฎีสนามควอนตัมไม่ได้รวม ความโน้มถ่วงเข้าไว้ด้วย และนักฟิสิกส์ยังไม่รู้วิธีรวมฟิสิกส์ควอนตัมกับ ทฤษฎีสัมพัทธภาพทั่วไปเข้าด้วยกัน จึงทำให้เกิดความไม่รู้ที่เป็นรอยแยกขนาดมหึมา วันหนึ่งข้างหน้า เราหวังว่าจะปิดรอยแยกนี้ และได้ทฤษฎีทุก ๆ อย่างของฟิสิกส์ ที่เรียกว่า ความโน้มถ่วงควอนตัม รวมถึงเกิดความพยายามมากมาย ตัวอย่างเช่น ทฤษฎีสตริง ความโน้มถ่วงควอนตัมแบบลูป และอื่น ๆ อีกมากมาย แต่ความโน้มถ่วงควอนตัมก็ไม่ใช่สิ่งเดียวที่ เราค้นคว้าแต่ยังไม่เข้าใจ มันยังมีปริศนาหลักของพลังงานมืดและสสารมืด ซึ่งดูจะมีอยู่ถึง 95% ของจักรวาล ด้วยเหตุนี้ ความรู้ฟิสิกส์ของเราอธิบาย ได้เพียง 5% ของสิ่งที่เรารับรู้และที่เหลือ ในขณะนี้ก็ยังคงเป็นปริศนาอยู่ ปริศนามากมายยังคงอยู่ อาทิ การระเบิดครั้งใหญ่ Chinese: 可以用原子物理的标准模型来表现的亚原子粒子。 量子场论组合了所有量子 物理和狭义相对论 这也是我们目前可以对宇宙的最好的说明 。 不幸的是量子场论不 包括引力，因此物理学家不 知道如何联合量子物理 和广义相对论，这其中应有 未知的巨大鸿沟。 在未来的某一天，我们希望突破这个 鸿沟，并找到可以将所有物理理论整合到一起的 量子引力，同时我们物理学家一直在做尝试，比如 弦论或圈量子引力以及更多别的。 但量子引力并不是唯一一个我们有观察到但不明白的现象，还有 构成宇宙95%的暗能量和 暗物质也是重大难题。 所以，我们所知的物理只描述了所有事情的5％，而在 此刻，别的都是一个谜。 Burmese: ၏ဖန်ဆင်းထားသည်နှင့်အဖော်ပြထားကြသည် အမှုန်ရူပဗေဒ၏စံပုံစံပါ။ ကွမ်တမ်လယ်ကွင်းသီအိုရီကွမ်တမ်အပေါငျးတို့သဖမ်းယူ ရူပဗေဒနှင့်အထူးသီအိုရီနှင့်အတူကပေါင်းစပ် နှိုင်းနှင့်အကောင်းဆုံးဖော်ပြချက်ဖြစ်ပါသည် စကြဝဠာ၏ကျွန်တော်တို့ဟာရှိသည်။ ကံမကောင်းစွာ Quantum လယ်ကွင်းသီအိုရီ ဆွဲငင်အားမပါဝင်ပါဘူး ဒါရူပဗေဒပညာရှင်မသိရပါဘူး ကွမ်တမ်ရူပဗေဒအတူတကွပူးပေါင်းဖို့ဘယ်လို နှင့်နှိုင်းများ၏ယေဘုယျသီအိုရီ အဝိဇ္ဇာ၏ဧရာမတွင်းနက်မှဦးဆောင်။ ကျနော်တို့ပိတ်ဖို့ရန်မျှော်လင့်ပါတယ်အနာဂတျတှငျတစျနေ့က လူအပေါင်းတို့၏သီအိုရီနှင့်အတူဤတွင်းနက်နဲ့တက်လာ ရူပဗေဒကျနော်တို့ကွမ်တမ်ဆွဲအားကြောင့်မခေါ်, ထိုအရပ် ဒီဥပမာအခြို့လုပ်ဖို့အများအပြားကြိုးစားမှုများမှာ string ကိုသီအိုရီသို့မဟုတ်ကွင်းဆက်ကွမ်တမ်ဆွဲငင်အားရှိပါတယ် အများအပြားကပိုရှိပါတယ်။ ဒါပေမဲ့ကွမ်တမ်ဆွဲငင်အားတစ်ခုတည်းသောအရာမဟုတ်ပါဘူး ကျနော်တို့ကိုစောငျ့ရှောကျပေမယ့်နားမလည်ကြဘူး, အဓိကပဟေဠိလည်းရှိပါတယ် မှောင်မိုက်စွမ်းအင်နှင့်မှောင်မိုက်အမှု သောဠာ၏ 95% တက်အောင်ပုံရသည်။ ဒါကြောင့်ငါတို့ရူပဗေဒအားလုံးသာတကယ် 5% ကိုဖော်ပြထားတယ် ကျနော်တို့အကြောင်းကိုသိနှင့်အခြားအရာအားလုံး, ယခုအချိန်တွင်, နက်နဲသောအရာတခုကိုဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ များစွာသောအခြားနက်နဲသောအရာရှိပါတယ် အဆိုပါ Big Bang အဖွဲ့ကဲ့သို့အထွက်, Slovenian: in so opisani v standardnem modelu fizike osnovnih delcev. Kvantna teorija polja pokriva vso kvantno fiziko in jo kombinira s posebno teorijo relativnosti. Je najboljši opis vesolja, ki ga imamo. Na žalost kvantna teorija polja ne vključuje gravitacije. Fiziki ne vedo, kako bi povezali kvantno fiziko in splošno teorijo relativnosti, kar pripelje do ogromnega brezna nevednosti. Upamo, da bomo nekoč zaprli to brezno in domislili teorijo vse fizike, ki ji pravimo kvantna gravitacija. Obstaja veliko poskusov, s katerimi bi radi to dosegli: teorija strun, zančna kvantna gravitacija in še veliko drugih poskusov. Kvantna gravitacija ni edina stvar, ki jo opazujemo in je ne razumemo. obstajajo še velike uganke: temne energije in temne snovi, ki naj bi sestavljale 95 % vesolja. Vsa naša fizika opiše le 5 % vsega, kar vemo. Vse ostalo je trenutno še skrivnost. Swedish: är gjord av och beskrivs i standardmodellen för partikelfysik. Kvantfältteorin fångar hela kvantiteten fysik och kombinerar den med specialteorin av relativitet och är den bästa beskrivningen av universum vi har. Tyvärr kvantfältteori inkluderar inte tyngdkraften och så vet inte fysiker hur man sammanfogar kvantfysik och den allmänna relativitetsteorin vilket leder till den okunnighetens jätteklam. En dag i framtiden hoppas vi kunna stänga detta kapsel och komma med en teori om alla av fysik kallar vi det kvanttyngd, och där är många försök att göra detta några exempel är strängteori eller slingkvantityvitet och det finns många fler. Men kvanttyngd är inte det enda vi observerar men förstår inte, det finns också de stora pussel av mörk energi och mörk materia som verkar utgöra 95% av universum. Så all vår fysik beskriver bara 5% om vad vi vet om och allt annat, just nu är ett mysterium. Det finns många andra mysterier där ute som Big Bang, Catalan: i estan descrites pel Model Estandard. La Teoria Quàntica de Camps prové de combinar Física Quàntica i la teoria especial de la Relativitat, i és la millor descripció de l'Univers que tenim. Malauradament no inclou la Gravetat ja que els físics no saben com combinar la Física Quàntica i la Relativitat General deixant un gran forat en la teoria. Algun dia en el futur esperem poder tapar aquest forat amb una teoria que els físics anomenen Gravetat Quàntica. Hi ha hagut diverses temptatives com ara la teoria de cordes o la teoria quàntica de llaços. Però la Gravetat Quàntica no és l'única cosa que no es pot explicar. Hi ha altres enigmes com l'energia i la matèria obscura que semblen abastar un 95% de l'Univers. Així, la Física només descriu un 5% del que coneiem, mentre la resta és, de moment, un misteri. Japanese: 「標準モデル」を提唱しました。 場の量子論は、それらの量子物理学と特殊相対性理論を融合したものであり、 現在における、もっとも優れた、物理法則の記述法であります。 しかし残念なことに、場の量子論には重力を含めることができません。 物理学者は、それらを融合した法則をまだ知らず、 量子物理学と一般相対性理論の間には、巨大なる無知という裂け目が存在しています。 将来のある日、その裂け目を克服する方法を発見し、 全ての法則を一つにまとめようと試みていますが、それが量子重力理論であり、ここではそのいくつかを紹介します。 （超）ひも理論やループ重力理論などがそれにあたり、また他にも様々な理論が提唱されています。 しかし、量子重力理論だけが、現在私たちに残されている課題ではありません。 ダークマターやダークエネルギーとよばれる、大きな問題があります。 それらは全宇宙の95％を構成しているものであるので、 私たちが今現在手にしている物理学では、全宇宙のわずか５％を明らかにしているだけであり、 他の全ては現状では謎であります。 またビッグバンもおおいなる謎であり、 Hungarian: áll, és amelyek a részecske fizika standard modeljében vannak leirva. A kvantum mező elmélet lefedi a teljes kvantum fizikát és kombinálja azt a speciális relativitás elmélettel. Ez a legjobb leirásunk az univerzumról, amink csak létezik. Sajnálatosan a kvantum mező elmélet nem tartalmazza a gravitációt és igy a fizika nem tudja, hogy lehetne összekapcsolni a kvantuum fizikát az álltalános relativitással, igy a tudatlanság hatalmas szakadékával találkozunk. Egy nap a jövőben reméljük, le tudjuk zárni ezt a szakadékot és előállunk egy egyesitett fizikai elmélettel amelyet kvantum gravitációnak nevezünk, több kisérlet is van, hogy ezt megtedjük. Például a húr elmélet vagy a hurok kvantum gravitáció és sok más De nem a kvantum gravitáció az egyetlen dolog, amit vizsgálunk, de nem értsük, léteznek még óriási puzzle-ek a sötét energiáról és a sötét anyagról, amik úgy fest 95%-át teszik ki az Univezumnak. Szóval a fizika csak az 5%-át irja le annak, amit ismerünk és minden más, per pillanat rejtély Italian: Queste particelle sono descritte nel cosiddetto modello standard. La teoria del campo quantistico comprende tutte le fisiche quantistiche e le combina nella teoria della relatività ristretta e generale ed è la migliore descrizione dell'universo che abbiamo. Sfortunatamente questa teoria non include la gravità. I fisici non sanno come unire la fisica quantistica e la relatività. E questo ci porta in un abisso di ignoranza. Speriamo di trovare, un giorno nel futuro, una teoria che risolva questo casino, una teoria che comprenda tutte le fisiche, verrà chiamata gravità quantistica. Ci sono già molti tentativi come la teoria delle stringhe o la gravità quantistica a loop e tante altre. Ma la gravità quantistica non è l'unica cosa osservata che facciamo fatica a capire, ci sono altri pezzi del puzzle: l'energia e la materia oscura, che rappresentano il 95% dell'universo. Quindi la fisica che conosciamo oggi descrive solo il 5% dell'Universo, e tutto il resto per ora è un mistero. Turkish: modelde tanımlanan temel atom altı parçacıkları da derinlemesine inceler. Kuantum alan teorisi, kuantum fiziğinin tamamını özel görelilik yasalarına göre yeniden uyarlar ve bulunduğumuz evreni en iyi biçimde ifade eder. Kuantum alan teorisi ne yazık ki yerçekimini içermez bu yüzden de fizikçiler kuantum fiziğini ve genel göreliliği bir arada inceleyemezler Bu da önümüze dev bir bilinmezlik çukuru çıkarır. Gelecekte bir gün bu çukuru kapatmayı ve kuantum çekimi olarak adlandırılan her şeyin teorisini bularak bu sorunu çözebileceğimizi umuyoruz.Bunu gerçekleştirebilmek için yeni teoriler öne sürülüyor. Bunlardan bazıları string teorisi ya da kuantum çekim döngüsü ve daha da fazlası var. Kuantum çekimi gözlemleyip de anlayamadığımız tek şey değildir.Ayrıca evrenin yüzde 95’ini meydana getiren karanlık madde ve karanlık enerji de henüz fiziğin çözülememiş büyük bulmacalarıdır. Bu yüzden fizik yalnızca bildiğimiz yüzde 5’lik kısmı açıklayabiliyor ve geri kalan her şey ise şimdilik bir gizem. Galician: que o compoñen todo, descritas no modelo estándar da física de partículas. A teoría cuántica de campos captura toda a física cuántica e combínaa coa teoría especial da relatividade. É a mellor descrición que temos do Universo. Infelizmente, a teoría cuántica de campos non inclúe a gravidade. Os físicos non saben como unificar a física cuántica coa teoría xeral da relatividade, o que nos leva a un grande abismo de ignorancia. Nalgún punto do futuro, esperamos cerrar este abismo e conseguir unha teoría de toda a física: a gravidade cuántica. Hai moitos intentos para conseguilo, algúns exemplos son a teoría de cordas ou a gravidade cuántica de bucles, entre moitas outras. E a gravidade cuántica non é o único que vemos pero non entendemos: tamén están os crebacabezas da enerxía escura e a materia escura, que semella que forman o 95 % do Universo. Así que toda a nosa física soamente describe o 5 % do que sabemos; todo o demais, de momento, é un misterio. Korean: 입자 물리학의 표준 모델로 설명합니다 양자장 이론은 모든 양자물리학을 묶어 특수 상대성 이론과 연관시키고, 우리가 가진 우주에 대한 최고의 설명이라고 할 수 있습니다 그러나 애석하게도, 양자장 이론은 중력을 설명하지 못합니다 그래서 물리학자들은 어떻게 양자 물리학과 일반 상대성이론을 엮을 지를 몰라 거대한 무지의 구멍에 다다르고 말았습니다 그래도 미래의 언젠가는 우리가 이 구멍을 닫고, 양자 중력이라는 모든 물리의 이론을 찾아낼 것이라 믿습니다 그리고 이를 설명하려는 시도가 많은데, 예를 들면 초끈 이론이나 루프 양자중력, 그 외에도 있습니다 그러나 우리가 관찰하고도 이해하지 못하는게 양자 중력만이 있는 것이 아니라 암흑 에너지와 암흑 물질들 같은 중요한 퍼즐도 있습니다 그리고 이것들은 우주의 95%를 이루는 것으로 보입니다 그래서 우리의 모든 물리학은 실제로 우리가 알고 있는 것의 5%밖에 설명하지 못하고, 다른 모든 것들은 지금 이 시점에서는, 수수께끼입니다 다른 많은 수수께끼들이 남아있습니다 빅뱅처럼.. Polish: z których wszystko się składa i które są ujęte w ramach tzw. Modelu Standardowego. Kwantowa teoria pola bierze wszystko z fizyki kwantowej i łączy to ze szczególną teorią względności i obecnie jest to najlepszy opis wszechświata, jaki mamy. Niestety, kwantowa teoria pola nie ujmuje w swoich ramach grawitacji i fizycy nie wiedzą, jak połączyć razem fizykę kwantową oraz ogólną teorię względności, co skutkuje olbrzymią przepaścią w naszej wiedzy. Mamy nadzieję, że pewnego dnia w przyszłości, uda się tę przepaść zasypać, a my opracujemy teorię fizyczną zwaną "grawitacją kwantową", a jest już wiele prób, by to uczynić. Przykładami takich prób mogą być chociażby teoria strun czy pętlowa grawitacja kwantowa, a jest ich wiele więcej. Ale grawitacja kwantowa nie jest jedyną rzeczą, którą obserwujemy, ale nie rozumiemy. Istnieją również takie zagadki, jak ciemna energia i ciemna materia, które zdają się budować nawet 95% znanego nam wszechświata. Więc tak naprawdę fizycy opisują jedynie 5%, pozostałe 95% pozostaje w tej chwili tajemnicą. Modern Greek (1453-): τα οποία αποτελούνται τα πάντα και περιγράφονται από το Βασικό Μοντέλο της σωματιδιακής φυσικής Η κβαντική θεωρία πεδίου περιέχει όλη την κβαντική φυσική και την συνενώνει με την ειδική θεωρία της σχετικότητας και είναι η καλύτερη θεωρία περιγραφής του σύμπαντος μεχρι στιγμής. Δυστυχώς η κβαντική θεωρία πεδίου δεν συμπεριλαμβανει τη βαρύτητα και έτσι οι φυσικοί δεν ξέρουν πώς να συνενώσουν την κβαντομηχανική με τη Γενική θεωρία της σχετικότητας, οδηγώντας τους σε ένα γιγάντιο χάσμα άγνοιας Κάποια μέρα στο μέλλον ελπίζουμε να κλείσουμε αυτο το χάσμα και να φτιαξουμε τη Κβαντική Θεωρία της Βαρύτητας και υπάρχουν πολλές απόπειρες όπως η Θεωρία Χορδών, και η κβαντική θεωρία Βρόγχων και πολλές άλλες. Ομως η κβαντική βαρύτητα δεν ειναι το μόνο πράγμα που δεν κατανοούμε. Το μεγάλο στοίχημα είναι η σκοτεινή ενέργεια και η σκοτεινή ύλη που φαίνεται να αποτελεί ως και 95% του σύμπαντος Ετσι λοιπόν η φυσική περιγράφει μονο το 5% του κόσμου αυτή τη στιγμή και το υπολοιπο ειναι ένα μυστήριο. Russian: из которых всё и сделано и описывается в Стандартной модели элементарных частиц. Квантовая теория поля собирает в себе всю квантовую физику, соединяет её со специальной теорией относительности, и это лучшее описание Вселенной, которое у нас есть. К сожалению, квантовая теория поля не включает в себя гравитацию, и физики не знают, как соединить квантовую теорию с общей теорией относительности. что приводит нас к пропасти незнания. Однажды, в будущем, мы надеемся закрыть пропасть и прийти к теории всего, называемой теорией квантовой гравитации. Многочисленные попытки сделать это, например: Теория струн, петлевая квантовая гравитация, есть и другие. Но квантовая гравитация не единственная вещь, которую мы видим, но не можем понять. Существуют также важные загадки темной энергии и темной материи, из которой, кажется, состоит 95% Вселенной. Вся наша физика описывает всего 5%, о существовании чего мы знаем, а все остальное на данный момент — загадка. И есть ещё множество других загадок, как Большой Взрыв, iw: שמהם הכל עשוי. הם מתוארים במודל הסטנדרטי של החלקיקים. תורת השדות הקוונטית, מאחדת את תורת הקוונטים עם היחסות הפרטית והיא כרגע התיאור הטוב ביותר שיש לנו לגבי היקום. לרוע המזל, תורת השדות הקוונטית לא כוללת את כוח המשיכה, ולכן פיזיקאים לא יודעים איך לאחד את תורת השדות הקוונטית עם היחסות הכללית. מה שמוביל אותנו לתהום ענקית של בורות. אנחנו מקווים שיום אחד נצליח למלא את התהום ולהגיע לתאוריה של כל הפיזיקה. נקרא לה כבידה קוונטית. כמה דוגמאות לנסיונות כאלה הן: תורת המיתרים, לולאות כבידה קוונטית. יש עוד רבות אחרות. כבידה קוונטית אינה הדבר היחיד בו אנחנו צופים ולא באמת מבינים. יש עוד חידות גדולות כמו אנרגיה אפלה, וחומר אפל, מהם, ככל הנראה, עשויים 95% מהיקום. אז הפיזיקה מתארת בעצם 5% מכל מה שאנחנו מכירים וכל השאר כרגע, הוא תעלומה. Danish: Disse beskrives i partikelfysikkens standardmodel. Kvantefeltteori omhandler hele kvantefysikken og kombinerer den med den specielle relativitetsteori Det er vores bedste beskrivelse af universet. Desværre dækker kvantefeltteori ikke tyngdekraften Fysikere ved ikke hvordan man kan kombinere kvantefysik og den generelle relativitetsteori. Dette fører til en kæmpe afgrund af uvidenhed. I fremtiden håber vi at lukke denne kløft og komme med en teori om hele fysikken kaldet kvantegravitation. Der er mange forsøg på at gøre det eksempelvis strengteori eller loop kvantegravitation og der er mange flere. Men kvantegravitation er ikke det eneste vi observerer men ikke forstår. Der er også forundringer over mørk energi og mørke stof, som synes at udgøre 95% af universet. Så i virkelig beskriver fysikken kun 5% af hvad vi ser. Alt andet er i øjeblikket, er et mysterium. Der er mange andre mysterier derude ligesom big bang French: qui constituent toute la matière et qui sont décrites dans la théorie du « modèle fondamental ». La théorie quantique des champs s'approprie toute la physique quantique et se combine à la théorie de la relativité restreinte pour donner la meilleure description de l'univers que nous ayons. Malheureusement, la théorie quantique des champs n'explique pas la gravité et les physiciens ne savent pas comment rassembler la physique quantique et la théorie de la relativité générale. Cette question constitue le gouffre géant de l'ignorance... Un jour dans le futur, nous espérons combler ce vide et présenter une théorie de toute la physique appelée la gravité quantique. Il y a eu énormément d'essais pour répondre à cette question, comme la théorie des cordes ou la gravitation quantique à boucles et bien d'autres. Mais la gravité quantique n'est pas la seule chose que l'on observe sans la comprendre, prenons par exemple les énigmes majeures posées par l'énergie et la matière noires qui semblent composer 95% de l'univers. Donc, la physique actuelle ne décrit en fait que 5% ce que nous connaissons. Pour le moment, tout le reste demeure un mystère. Chinese: 由粒子物理的基本模型去描述其組成 量子場論將所有量子物理和狹義相對論組合在一起 而這是我們目前擁有描述宇宙最完整的理論 不幸的是量子場論並不包含重力所以物理學家 並不知道如何將量子物理加入廣義相對論，導致 一個特大的無知鴻溝 在未來的某一天我們希望去彌合這個裂痕並且提出一個包含所有物理的理論 叫做"量子重力"，有許多種嘗試例如有 弦論或迴圈量子重力還有其他等等 不過量子重力可不是我們唯一知道我們不懂的 那裡也還有幾個主要的謎題是關於暗物質和暗能量而且似乎佔了宇宙95%的成分 所以目前我們已知的大概只描述了物理學的5% 至於其它的目前還是個謎 Modern Greek (1453-): Και υπάρχουν ακόμη πολλά μυστήρια εκει έξω, όπως το Big Bang, και χωρίς αμφιβολία άλλα πράγματα που δεν γνωρίζουμε καν οτι δεν ξέρουμε! Μια μάγισα πετάει πάνω σε ένα ψηλό συννεφο , πάνω από όλη τη φυσική: Η φιλοσοφία! Αν και πολλοί φυσικοί διασκεδάζουν με τη φιλοσοφία, ειναι οι μεγάλες φιλοσοφικές ερωτήσεις που κινούν την περισσότερη φυσική όπως πχ ποια ειναι η θεμελιώδης φύση της πραγματικότητας. Πώς γίνεται και υπάρχει ακόμα το σύμπαν? Εχουμε ελέυθερη βούληση ακόμη κι' αν και υπακούουμε στη φυσική? ή πως ξέρουμε οτι πράγματι ανακαλύπτουμε την αλήθεια? και απλά, γιατί όλη η φυσική ειναι αυτή που ειναι? Λοιπόν, αυτές ειναι μάλον μεγαλες ερωτήσεις, που κάποιες ίσως δεν απαντηθούν ποτέ, αλλά αυτό δεν είναι αιτία να εγκαταλείψουμε τη προσπάθεια, στο κάτω κάτω οι φυσικοί δεν είναι λιποτάκτες! Αυτός λοιπόν ήταν ο χάρτης της φυσικής. Φτάσαμε στο τέλος. Ευχαριστώ που παρακολουθήσατε το video και ελπίζω να το απολαύσατε. Χμμμμμ Δουλεύω ακόμα με τη μορφή αυτού του καναλιού και παίζω Turkish: Bigbang gibi diğer birçok gizemin daha olduğunu biliyoruz ancak kuşku yok ki henüz bilmediğimizi bilmediğimiz diğer şeyler de var. Bütün fiziğin üstünden kayıp geçen yüce bir bulut : Felsefe Birçok fizikçi felsefeyle alay etse de, fiziği bu seviyeye getiren "Gerçekliğin doğasında ne vardır?" gibi felsefi sorulardır. Evren niçin var? Eğer hayatımızdaki her şeyi fizik yasaları belirliyorsa özgür iradeye sahip miyiz? Fizik ve bilimin, evrenin temel gerçeği olduğunu bilebilir miyiz? Bütün fizik neden şu an olduğu gibi? Bütün bu sorular oldukça büyük sorular bazılarının cevabını belki de hiçbir zaman bilemeyeceğiz. Yine de denemekten vazgeçmek için bir sebebimiz yok.Ne de olsa fizikçiler kolay pes eden kimseler değildir. Ve bu fiziğin haritasıdır. Videonun sonuna geldik.İzlediğiniz için teşekkürler umarım beğenmişsinizdir French: Il y a encore beaucoup de mystères à élucider comme le Big Bang et sans doute d'autres choses que nous n'avons même pas conscience de ne pas connaître. Reste enfin le haut nuage qui flotte au dessus de toute la physique : la philosophie. Même si beaucoup de physiciens se moquent de ce domaine, la philosophie soulève quand même de grandes questions qui motivent la recherche en physique : Quelle est la nature fondamentale de la réalité ? D'abord, pourquoi l'univers existe ? Sommes-nous dotés du libre arbitre même si nous obéissons aux lois de la physique ? Ou comment savons-nous que nous avons réellement découvert la vérité? Et pourquoi les lois de la physique sont-elles ce qu'elles sont ? Et bien, ce sont d'assez grandes questions, auxquelles nous ne répondrons peut-être jamais, mais ce n'est pas une raison pour abandonner, après tout, les physiciens n'ont pas l'habitude de laisser tomber. Et voilà, c'était la carte de la physique. C'est la fin, merci d'avoir regardé cette vidéo, j'espère que vous l'avez appréciée. Haem... Je travaille toujours sur le format pour cette chaîne et je joue Chinese: 還有更多謎題像是"大霹靂"，還有無疑地 一定還有我們甚至不曉得我們不知道的 還有一朵高高的雲飄過所有物理學 就是:哲學 雖然有許多物理學家嘲笑哲學，不過其實有些哲學上的大哉問激發了許多物理問題 像是什麼是實相("真實")的本質 為甚麼宇宙存在? 或我們要如何知道我們真的找到了事實 還有為甚麼物理像是這樣 ㄜ~這些都是相當大的問題，有的也許永遠不會有答案，但這不是我們放棄的理由 畢竟，物理學家不是那種會輕易放棄的人 那這就是物理的地圖啦~ 好 結束了，謝謝你的觀賞 希望你會喜歡 我還在盡力嘗試為這個頻道計畫一些不一樣的事 Kurdish: وە بێگومان شتانێک هەن لەپشت ئەمە کە تەنانەت نازشزانین کە نایزانین کە دەگاتە هەوری بڵند کە سەردەکەوێتە سەر هەمو فیزیا : فەلسەفە هەرچەندە زۆربەی فیزیاوانەکان گاڵتە بە فەلسەفە دەکەن، ئەمە پرسیارانێکی گەوری فەلسەفیە کە زۆر لە فیزیاوانەکان هاندەدات، وەک ' بنچینەی ڕاستی سروشت چیە؟ ' '' تەنانەت چۆن گەردوون هاتۆتە بوون؟ '' '' ویستی ئازادمان هەیە ئەگەر ئێمە لە سروشت دروست بووین؟ '' یاخود '' چۆن دەزانین کە ئەو ڕێگایەی کە بە فیزیا و زانست ئەنجامی دەدەین بەڕاستی دەمانگەیەنێت بە بنچینەی ڕاستی گەردوون؟ '' وە بۆچی هەموو فیزیا بەو شێوەیەیە کە هەیە؟ ئەمانە پرسیارە گەورەکانن، هەندێکیان ڕەنگە یاخود ڕەنگە هەرگیز وەڵام نەدەینەوە بەڵام ئەمە نابێتە هۆکار بۆ وەستان لە هەوڵدان، دوای هەموو ئەمانە، فیزیاوانەکان کۆڵنەدەر نین وە ئەمە بریتی بوو لە نەخشەی فیزیا وەرگێڕانی: جێگر جبار ٢٩/٦/٢٠٢٠ وەرگێڕانی: جێگر جبار ٢٩/٦/٢٠٢٠ وەرگێڕانی: جێگر جبار ٢٩/٦/٢٠٢٠ Dutch: En er zijn vele ander mysterien, zoals de BigBang , en ongetwijfeld andere dingen waarvan we niet eens vermoeden dat we ze niet weten. Wat ons leidt naar de verheven wolk die natuurkunde overschaduwt: Filosofie Ook al steken natuurkundigen de draak met Filosofie, het zijn de grote filosofische vragen die natuurkundigen drijven, zoals wat is de fundamentele natuur van de realiteit. Hoe kan het Universum zelfs maar bestaan. Hebben we vrije wil of zijn we gemaakt van knikkers ? Hoe weten we zeker dat we de waarheid echt vinden ? En waarom is natuurkundige mechanica zo als het is ? Nou, dat zijn allemaal wel grote vragen, die we misschien wel helemaal nooit beantwoorden, maar dat is geen reden om op te geven, want natuurkundigen zijn geen opgevers. En dat is de overzichtskaart van de natuurkunde. Dus dat is het einde, bedankt voor het bekijken van dit filmpje , ik hoop dat je het leuk vond. uh... Ik werk nog steeds aan het format van dit kanaal, en speel nog wat met verschillende mogelijkheden Polish: A jest mnóstwo innych tajemnic, takich jak chociażby Wielki Wybuch, a bez wątpienia są też rzeczy, o których nawet nie wiemy, że o nich nie wiemy. A jest jeszcze ogromna chmura, która znajduje się nad całą fizyką: filozofia. Chociaż wielu fizyków żartuje z filozofów, tak naprawdę jest wiele filozoficznych kwestii, które są motorem dla fizyków, jak chociażby pytanie o fundamentalną naturę rzeczywistości. Jak to się stało, że Wszechświat w ogóle istnieje? Czy w ogóle mamy wolną wolę, skoro jesteśmy po prostu efektem działania fizyki? A właściwie skąd w ogóle mamy wiedzieć, czy faktycznie zbliżamy się do prawdy? I w końcu - dlaczego w ogóle fizyka jest taka, jaka jest? Cóż, są to niebywale ważne i doniosłe pytania, na które być może nigdy nie znajdziemy odpowiedzi, ale nie ma powodów, dla których nie mielibyśmy próbować. Koniec końców, fizycy są bardzo uparci. To właśnie jest mapa fizyki. To by było na tyle, dzięki za oglądanie, mam nadzieję, że się Wam spodobało. Hmmm. Cały czas pracuję nad formą tego kanału, bawię się paroma Indonesian: dan tidak diragukan lagi ada yang hal-hal di luar itu bahwa kita bahkan tidak tahu bahwa kita tidak tahu. Yang sampai ke awan tinggi yang mengapung di atas semua fisika: filsafat. Meskipun banyak fisikawan mengolok-olok filsafat, itu adalah pertanyaan filosofis besar yang memotivasi banyak fisika, seperti, "Apa sifat dasar realitas?" "Kenapa Semesta bahkan ada?" "Apakah kita memiliki kehendak bebas jika kita hanya membuat fisika?" atau "Bagaimana kita tahu bahwa cara yang kita lakukan fisika dan ilmu benar-benar mendapat untuk kebenaran mendasar dari alam semesta?" Dan, hanya, mengapa semua fisika seperti cara itu? Nah mereka adalah pertanyaan besar, orang yang kita mungkin atau mungkin tidak pernah menjawab, tapi itu bukan alasan untuk menyerah mencoba, setelah semua, fisikawan tidak berhenti merokok. Dan itu adalah peta fisika. Jadi itulah akhirnya, terima kasih untuk menonton video Saya harap Anda menikmatinya. Um. Aku masih jenis bekerja pada format saluran ini dan bermain-main Slovenian: Tam zunaj je še veliko skrivnosti, kot na primer Veliki pok. Gotovo so še stvari onstran tega, za katere niti ne vemo, da jih ne vemo. To nas pripelje do vzvišenega oblaka, ki plava nad vso fiziko: do filozofije. Čeprav se veliko fizikov posmehuje filozofiji, so ravno velika filozofska vprašanja tista, ki motivirajo veliko fizikov: "Kaj je temeljna narava realnosti?" "Kako to, da Vesolje sploh obstaja?" "Ali imamo svobodno voljo, če smo samo narejeni iz fizike?" "Kako vemo, da nas način, na katerega delamo fiziko in znanost, dejansko pripelje do temeljnih resnic Vesolja?" In zakaj je vsa fizika taka, kot je? Dobro, to so velika vprašanja, na katera bomo ali pa nikoli ne bomo odgovorili. To ni razlog, da bi obupali nad poskusi, konec koncev, fiziki niso reve. In to je bil zemljevid fizike. To je torej konec. Hvala, da ste si ogledali video, upam, da ste uživali. Še vedno se ukvarjam s formatom tega kanala in preskušam Japanese: 私たちが知らないと認識している問題以上に、宇宙の謎が存在していることは疑いの余地がありません。 それは物理学に深い霧を覆い、ある意味では哲学ともいえます。 物理学者は哲学を馬鹿にしているかのように思われるかもしれませんが、 物理学は大きな哲学的疑問を動機として発展しています。「現実の本源とは何であるのか？」 「そもそもなぜ宇宙は存在するのか？」 「我々は物理学における、自由意思を持っているのか」 あるいは「我々が行っている物理学、あるいは科学は 本当に宇宙の根源を知る作業につながっているのか、そうでないのかを、我々は知ることができるのであろうか？」 さらには、どうして物理学はこのような形式であるのか これらは大いなる疑問であり、答えが出るのかどうかも分かりません。 しかし、あきらめる理由はなく、結局のところ、物理学者は挫折者ではありません。 さて、ここまでが「物理学の地図」でした。 最後にご視聴ありがとうございました。楽しんでいただけたことを望んでいます。 はい この他にもこのチャンネルでは別の放送も行っており Finnish: On myös muita mysteereitä kuten alkuräjähdys ja epäilemättä on asioita Joista emme tiedä edes tietämättä sitä. Josta pääsemme filosofiaksi kutsuttuun kopeaan pilveen, joka leijuu koko fysiikan yllä. Vaikka monet fyysikot huvittelevat filosofien kustannuksella, kuitenkin ne isot filosofiset kysymykset motivoivat monia fyysikkoja kuten se mikä on todellisuuden perustavanlaatuinen luonne. Miksi maailmankaikkeus on edes olemassa? Onko meillä vapaa tahto jos olemme vain seurausta fysiikasta. Ja mistä tiedämme, että selville saamamme asiat ovat totta, Ja miksi kaikki fysiikka on tällaista. Nämä ovat aika isoja kysymyksiä joihin emme välttämättä koskaan saa vastausta mutta se ei ole syy luovuttaa. Fyysikot eivät sentää ole luovuttajia. Ja siinä se, fysiikan kartta. Kiitos kun katsoitte videon. Toivottavasti nautitte. Mietin vielä kanavan tyyliä ja kokeilen German: Es gibt noch viele andere Geheimnisse da draußen, wie z. B. den Urknall, und zweifellos gibt es noch andere Dinge, von denen wir nicht einmal wissen, dass wir nichts über sie wissen. Was uns zur luftigen Wolke bringt, die über der ganzen Physik schwebt: die Philosophie. Obwohl viele Physiker sich über die Philosophie lustig machen, sind es die großen philosophischen Fragen, die vielem in der Physik zugrunde liegen, wie: Was ist die grundlegende Natur der Realität? Wie kommt es, dass das Universum überhaupt existiert? Haben wir einen freien Willen, wenn wir nur aus Physik gemacht sind? Oder wie können wir wissen, dass wir überhaupt etwas über die Wahrheit herausfinden? Und warum funktioniert die ganze Physik so? Das sind ziemlich große Fragen, die wir vielleicht nie beantworten werden, aber das ist kein Grund aufzugeben, denn Physiker sind keine Drückeberger. Und das war die Karte der Physik. Das ist das Ende, danke für das Ansehen des Videos, ich hoffe, es hat euch gefallen. Ich bin immer noch am Nachdenken über das Format für diesen Kanal und spiele ein mit Arabic: وهناك العديد من الألغاز الأخرى مثل الانفجار العظيم، ومما لا شك هناك أشياء اخرى لانعرف حتى اننا لا نعرفها والذي يؤدي إلى غيمة كبيرة تحلق على الفيزياء: الفلسفة. على الرغم من أن العديد من الفيزيائيين يسخرون من الفلسفة، الأسئلة الفلسفية الكبيرة هي التي تحفز الكثير من الفيزيائيين، مثل: ماهي الطبيعة الجوهرية للواقع. وكيف يمكن للكون أن يكون موجودا أصلا؟ هل لدينا الإرادة الحرة إذا كنا مصنوعين من الفيزياء أو كيف لنا في الواقع معرفة الحقيقة ولمذا الفيزياء على هذا الشكل بالتحديد ؟ حسنا هذه هي الأسئلة الكبيرة، بعضها يمكن ان لن نستطيع ان نجيب عليها ابدا، ولكن ليس هناك سبب للتخلي عن المحاولة، بعد كل شيء، الفيزيائيون لا يفقدون الأمل. وكانت هذه خريطة الفيزياء وهذه هي النهاية، شكرا على تتبعكم الفيديو أتمنى انه قد اعجبكم أمممم لازلت اعمل على شكل لهذه القناة Burmese: မရှိသံသယရှိကြောင်းထက်ကျော်လွန်သောအရာတို့ကိုရှိမယ့် ကျနော်တို့တောင်မှကျနော်တို့မသိရပါဘူးကိုမသိကြပါ။ သောမြတ်သောမိုဃ်းတိမ်ကိုမှရရှိသွားတဲ့ အရာရူပဗေဒအားလုံးကျော်ရှိသတဲ့: ဒဿနိကဗေဒ။ ပေမယ့်အများကြီးရူပဗေဒပညာရှင်ဒဿန၏ပျော်စရာဖြစ်စေလျက်, ကကြီးတွေအတွေးအခေါ်မေးခွန်းများကိုဖြစ်ပါသည် တူ, ရူပဗေဒအများကြီးလှုံ့ဆော်ကြောင်း, "ဘာအဖြစ်မှန်၏အခြေခံသဘောသဘာဝကိုရသနည်း" "ဘယ်လိုဠာပင်တည်ရှိလာ?" "ကျနော်တို့အခမဲ့အလိုတော်ရှိသည် Do ကျနော်တို့ရူပဗေဒထားကြပါတယ်လျှင်? " သို့မဟုတ် "ကျွန်တော်တို့ဘယ်လိုလမ်းကိုသင်တို့သိရကြပါ ကျနော်တို့ရူပဗေဒပြုပါနှင့်သိပ္ပံအမှန်တကယ်ရရှိသွားတဲ့ကြောင်း စကြဝဠာ၏အခြေခံကျသောသမ္မာတရား? " နှင့်အညီ, ပဲ, အဘယ်ကြောင့်ထိုသို့ပြုလမ်းသို့တူသောရူပဗေဒအားလုံးလဲ? ကောင်းပြီသူတို့သည်ကြီးမားသောမေးခွန်းများကိုဖြစ်ကြောင်း, ကျနော်တို့သို့မဟုတ်ဘယ်တော့မှ may ပြန်ပြောရမည်အကြောင်းအရာမြားကို, သို့သော်ကြိုးစားအရှုံးမပေးရန်မအကြောင်းရင်းဖြစ်တယ်, ပြီးနောက်ရှိသမျှတို့, ရူပဗေဒပညာရှင် quitters မရှိကြပေ။ ထိုရူပဗေဒ၏မြေပုံဖြစ်ခဲ့သည်။ ဒီတော့အကြောင်း, စောင့်ကြည့်အတှကျကြေးဇူးတငျကုနျဆုံးဖွင့် ဗီဒီယိုကိုသင်တို့အားငါကခံစားမျှော်လင့်ပါတယ်။ um ။ ငါနေဆဲမျိုးပုံစံပေါ်တွင်အလုပ်လုပ်တယ် ဤချန်နယ်ကိုနှင့်လှည့်ပတ်ကစား Galician: E hai moitos máis misterios, como o big-bang, e seguro que hai outras cousas que nin sequera sabemos que non sabemos. O que nos leva á elevada nube que flota sobre toda a física: a filosofía. Aínda que moitos físicos se burlan da filosofía, son as grandes preguntas filosóficas as que motivan moita física, como: cal é a natureza fundamental da realidade? Como é posible que o Universo exista sequera? Existe o libre albedrío se só estamos feitos de física? Ou: como sabemos que estamos realmente achando a verdade facendo física deste xeito? E por que é toda a física como é? Boeno, son preguntas bastante grandes que quizais nunca responderemos, pero non hai razóns para deixarmos de intentalo. En definitiva, os físicos non son dos que se renden. E este foi o mapa da física. Aquí rematamos; grazas por verdes este vídeo, espero que vos gustara. Aínda estou buscando o formato máis axeitado para esta canle e xogando un pouco con Portuguese: E existem muitos outros mistérios por aí como o Big Bang, e sem dúvida existem até outras coisas que nós não sabemos que nós não sabemos. o que leva a grande nuvem que flutua sobre toda a Física: Filosofia. Apesar de muitos físicos caçoarem da filosofia, são grandes questões filosóficas que motivam bastante a Física, como, qual é a natureza fundamental da realidade. Como o Universo veio a existir? Nós temos livre-arbítrio se todos somos feitos de Física? Ou como nós sabemos que o jeito que usamos a física e a ciências realmente nos levará a encontrar a verdade fundamental do universo. e por que a física é assim? Bem, todas essas são grandes questões que podem nunca ser respondidas, mas isso não é motivo para desistir de tentar, afinal, físicos são desistem. E esse foi o mapa da física. Então esse é o fim, obrigado por assitir o vídeo, eu espero que você tenha gostado. Ummm Eu ainda estou trabalhando no formato para esse canal e brincando com Vietnamese: và không còn nghi ngờ gì có những thứ vượt trên cả thế mà chúng ta còn không cả biết là mình không biết nó. Bí ẩn vươn tới tầng mây cao ngất vượt trên mọi vật lý: triết học. Dù nhiều nhà vật lý coi thường triết học nhưng chính những câu hỏi lớn của triết học là động lực của vật lý như: "Bản chất tự nhiên của thực tại" Tại sao Vũ trụ lại tồn tại?" "Chúng ta có ý chí thật sự không nếu chúng ta chỉ thuần là vật lý?" hay "Làm sao biết được cách chúng ta làm vật lý và khoa học thực sự đạt được" sự thật cơ bản của vũ trụ?" và đơn giản như là tại sao vậy lý nó lại như thế? Đó là những câu hỏi lớn mà chúng ta có thể sẽ không bao giờ trả lời được nhưng đó không phải là lý do để bỏ cuộc, sau tất cả nhà vật lý không phải là kẻ bỏ cuộc Và đó là bản đồ của vật lý Cảm ơn vì đã theo dõi, hy vọng các bạn thích nó Um Tôi vẫn đang tìm format cho kênh này và thử Catalan: Hi ha altres misteris com el Big Bang, i d'altres coses que encara no sabem que desconeixem. Així tenim un gran núvol que sura sobre la Física: la Filosofia. Encara que molts físics se'n riuen, la majoria de la Física es basa en qüestions filosòfiques; com ara entendre la nostra existència: Com es va crear l'Univers?? On són els límits de la Física?? O com sabem que estem realment en el camí correcte?? O per què la Física és con és?? Bé, això ja són paraules majors i potser mai podrem trobar una resposta; però de cap manera ens hem de donar per vençuts. Els físics mai no abandonen. I aquest és el Mapa de la Física. Gràcies per veure el vídeo i espero que hagueu disfrutat. Ummmm... Encara estic treballant en aquest canal i provant Korean: 그리고 틀림없이 우리가 모르는 그것의 너머에도 우리가 모르는 것이 있을 것입니다 그것은 물리학 전반에 떠도는, "철학"이라는 구름에 다다르게 합니다 많은 물리학자들이 철학을 비웃지만, 물리학자들을 동기부여하는 것은 큰 철학적 질문입니다 "현실의 근본적인 본질은 무엇인가?" "우주는 어떻게 존재하는가?" "우리에게는 자유 의지가 있는가? 우리가 그냥 물리학으로 이루어져있다면? " 또는 "우리는 어떻게 물리학과 과학이 우주의 근본 진실에 도달하는 그 길을 알 수 있는가?" 그리고, 왜, 모든 물리학이 그런 방식으로 된 것인가? 뭐 이런 것들이 큰 질문입니다. 우리가 대답 할 수도 대답하지 않을 수도있는 것들, 그러나 그게 포기할 이유는 되지 않습니다 결국, 물리학자들은 그만두지 않습니다 그리고 그것은 물리학의 지도였습니다. 그래서 이게 끝입니다. 봐주셔서 감사하고, 즐거우셨길 바랍니다 음 저는 아직 이 채널의 형식에 대해 생각하고 있어요, 몇 가지 다른 것들을 iw: יש עוד הרבה תעלומות שם בחוץ, כמו המפץ הגדול, ואין ספק שיש עוד דברים שאנחנו אפילו לא יודעים שאנחנו לא יודעים. מה שמביא אותנו לענן הנעלה שמרחף מעל כל תחומי הפיזיקה:פילוסופיה. למרות שפיזיקאים רבים לועגים לפילוסופיה, שאלות פילוסופיות גדולות הן אלה שמניעות חלק גדול מהפיזיקה, כמו למשל: מהו טבעה היסודי של המציאות? איך בכלל היקום קיים? האם יש לנו רצון חופשי אם אנחנו בסך הכל עשויים מפיזיקה? או, איך בכלל אנחנו יודעים שאנחנו מגלים את האמת? ולמה בעצם כל הפיזיקה ככה? טוב. אלה שאלות די גדולות, כאלה שאולי לעולם לא יקבלו תשובה אבל זו לא סיבה להפסיק לנסות. אחרי הכל, פיזיקאים אינם אנשים שמוותרים בקלות. וזו הייתה המפה של הפיזיקה. זה הסוף. תודה שצפיתם בסרטון ואני מקווה שנהנתם ממנו. אני עדיין עובד על הפורמט של הערוץ ומשחק Czech: a nepochybně jsou zde další věci o kterých ani nevíme, že o nich nevíme. Čímž se dostáváme k vznešenému obláčku, který se vznáší nad celou fyzikou: filozofií. Přesto, že si z ní dělá mnoho fyziků srandu, jsou to právě velké otázky z filozofie, které motivovaly mnoho fyziky, jako například: "Jaká je fundamentální povaha reality?" "Jakto, že vesmír vůbec existuje?" "Máme vůbec svobodnou vůli, pokud jsme celí uplácaní z fyziky?" nebo "Jak vůbec víme, že způsob, kterým děláme fyzikua vědu obecně, nás opravdu přiblíží k fundamentálním pravdám o našem vesmíru." A proč je vůbec všechna fyzika taková jaká je? To jsou ty velké otázky, ty na které možná nikdy nebudeme znát odpověď, ale to není důvod to vzdát a přestat se snažit. Koneckonců fyzika není pro bábovky. A to byla mapa fyziky. Tak to je konec. Díky za sledování a doufám, že se vám to líbilo. Um. Ještě stále vymýšlím formát jaký tento kanál bude mít a trochu si hraji Italian: Ci sono tanti altri misteri, come il big bang, e non c'è dubbio che esistano altre cose che non conosciamo neanche. Il che ci porta alla nobile nuvola che aleggia su tutta la fisica: la filosofia. Nonostante molti fisici scherzino sulla filosofia, ciò che motiva molti fisici è una domanda filosofica: qual è la verità sulla natura della realtà? Com'è possibile che l'Universo stesso esista? Esiste il libero arbitrio se siamo fatti di semplice fisica? Come sappiamo che stiamo davvero trovando la verità? E perché la fisica è fatta così? Queste sono grandi domande, alle quali magari non troveremo mai risposta, ma non c'è motivo di gettare la spugna. Dopotutto, i fisici non mollano mai. E questa era la mappa della fisica. Siamo alla fine, grazie a tutti per aver guardato questo video. Spero vi sia piaciuto. Sto ancora lavorando al format per i video di questo canale e provando tante cose diverse, ma mi piace Hungarian: És még vannak más rejtélyek is odakinn, mint az ősrobbanás, és kétség kivül más dolgok is, amikről még azt sem tudjuk, hogy nem tudjuk. ez Az, ami elvezet a magasan lebegő felhőhöz a fizika fölött: a filozófiához. Habár sok fizikus tréfát űz a filozófiából, a nagy filozófiai kérdések motiváltak sok fizikust, mint a valóság alapvető természete. Hogy érkezett az Univerzum egyáltalá a létezéshez? Szabad akaratunk van, vagy csak a fizika által jöttünk létre? Vagy, hogy honnan tudjuk, hogy egyáltalán az igazságot keressük-e. És mért ilyen ez az egész fizika? Szóval ezek elég nagy kérdések, olyanok, amiket talán sosem válaszolunk meg, de nincs semmi okunk abbahagyni a próbálkozást, mindezek után, a fizikusok nem munkakerülők. Ez volt a fizika térképe. Szóval, itt a vége, kösz, hogy megnéztétek a videót, remélem tetszett. Ömmm. Még mindig dolgozok a csatornám kinézetén, és játszadozok néhány Chinese: 还有许多其他的谜团比如大爆炸，毫无疑问，还有 其他的事情，我们甚至不知道我们 不知道。 一个漂浮在所有物理学更高处的云就是 哲学。 虽然有许多物理学家嘲笑哲学，但是有许多大哲学问题促使了物理的发展。 比如真实的本性是什么？ 为什么宇宙存在的话？ 我们有自由意志吗？等等。 或者，我们怎么知道我们真正找到 真相。 而为什么所有的物理就是如此？ 那么这些都是相当大的问题，那些 我们可能永远不会回答，但就是没有 理由放弃努力，毕竟，物理学家 不会停止探索。 这就是，物理学的地图。 所以这是结束，感谢您的收看 视频我希望你喜欢它。 嗯。 我仍然是那种工作的格式 这个频道，并玩弄一 English: and no doubt there’s things beyond that that we don’t even know that we don’t know. Which gets to the lofty cloud which floats over all of physics: philosophy. Although many physicists make fun of philosophy, it is the big philosophical questions that motivate a lot of physics, like, "What is the fundamental nature of reality?" "How come the Universe even exists?" "Do we have free will if we are just made of physics?" or "How do we know that the way that we do physics and science actually gets to the fundamental truth of the Universe?" And, just, why is all of physics like the way it is? Well those are the big questions, ones which we may or may never answer, but that is no reason to give up trying, after all, physicists are not quitters. And that was the map of physics. So that’s the end, thanks for watching the video I hope you enjoyed it. Um. I’m still kind of working on the format of this channel and playing around Danish: og utvivlsomt andet, som vi ikke engang ved, at vi ved det ikke. Hvilket fører os til høje sky, som flyderover hele fysikken: . Filosofi Selv om mange fysikere gør grin med filosofi, er det de store filosofiske spørgsmål, der motiverer en masse fysik, som: Hvad der er den grundlæggende karakter af virkelighede? Hvordan kan det være at universet overhovedet eksisterer? Har vi en fri vilje, hvis vi bare er lavet af fysik? Eller hvordan ved vi at den måde vi dyrker fysik og naturvidenskaber, faktisk vil føre os frem til sandheden? Og hvorfor er det at fysikken er på den måde den er? Dette er store spørgsmål, nogle som vi måske aldrig kan svare på Men det er ikke grund til at holde op med at at forsøge Når alt kommer alt, så giver fysikere ikke op. Og det var, kortet over fysik. Så det er enden, tak for at se video Jeg håber du nød det. Ummm. Jeg er stadig former for bearbejdning af formatet for denne kanal og spille rundt med en Swedish: och det finns utan tvekan saker utöver det att vi inte ens vet att vi inte vet. Som kommer till det höga molnet som flyter över all fysik: filosofi. Även om många fysiker gör narr av filosofi, det är de stora filosofiska frågorna som motiverar mycket fysik, "Vad är verklighetens grundläggande natur?" "Hur kommer universum till och med att existera?" "Har vi fri vilja om vi bara är gjorda av fysik? " eller "Hur vet vi det så som vi gör fysik och vetenskap faktiskt får till universums grundläggande sanning? " Och, varför är all fysik som den är? Det är de stora frågorna, de som vi kanske eller aldrig får svara på, men det är ingen anledning att ge upp att försöka, när allt kommer omkring är fysiker inte släkt. Och det var fysikkarta. Så det är slutet, tack för att du tittade videon Jag hoppas att du gillade den. Um. Jag arbetar fortfarande med formatet av den här kanalen och spela runt Portuguese: E há muitos outros mistérios lá fora, como o big bang, e não há dúvidas de que há outras coisas que nós nem sabemos que não sabemos. O que nos leva à nuvem que flutua sobre toda a física: a filosofia. Embora muitos físicos gozem com a filosofia, são as grandes questões filosóficas que motivam grande parte da física, como "qual é a natureza fundamental da realidade?". Ou "Como é que o universo sequer existe?". "Nós temos o livre arbítrio se somos feitos apenas de «física»?" Ou "Como podemos ter a certeza que estamos a descobrir a verdade?" E, simplesmente, "Porque é que toda a física... é como é?" Bom, essas são realmente grandes questões, que podem nunca ser respondidas, mas isso não é uma razão para desistirmos de tentar, até porque os físicos não são desistentes. E este foi o mapa da física. Então, isto é o fim. Obrigado por assistir ao vídeo, espero que tenha gostado. Ummm. Ainda estou a trabalhar no formato deste canal e a brincar um pouco com Bengali: আমরা এটাও জানিনা যে আমরা কি কি জিনিস জানিনা ( কিংবা জানতে হবে) দার্শনিক দৃষ্টিভঙ্গিতে যেটা পদার্থবিদ্যার উপর যেন এক চিলতে মেঘের আনাগোনা। যদিও অনেক পদার্থবিদই দর্শনশাস্ত্র বা দার্শনিক কথাবার্তা তেমন পাত্তা দেন না কিন্তু মাঝে মাঝে কিছু দার্শনিক প্রশ্নই উদ্বুদ্ধ করে পদার্থবিদ্যাকে, যেমন ধরুন, বাস্তবতাটার প্রকৃত সংজ্ঞাটাই বা কি? কিভাবে এই বিশ্বব্রমাণ্ডের আজ এই অবস্থায় এসে পৌছুলো? স্বাধীনতা বা মুক্তচিন্তা বলে কিছু কি আছে যদি সবই আসলে পদার্থবিদ্যা দ্বারা নিয়ন্ত্রিত হয়? বা কিভাবে আমরা জানবো যে আমরা আমাদের বিশ্বব্রমাণ্ডকে চেনার একেবারে সঠিক রাস্তায় আছি? নাকি অন্য উপায়ও আছে? এবং পদার্থবিদ্যার নিয়মগুলো এমন কেন? কেন তা আরেকরকম হলো না, বা হলে কেমন হতো? হুমম, বেশ জটিল প্রশ্ন। হয়তো কয়েকটার জবাব কখনোই আমরা পাবো না। কিন্তু হাল ছেড়ে দেবার প্রশ্নই আসে না। জানেনই তো পদার্থবিদরা কখনো হাল ছেড়ে দেন না। আর এতটুকুই আমাদের পদার্থবিদ্যা। এখানেই শেষ করছি। আশাকরি আপনাদের ভালো লেগেছে। umm Thai: และบอกได้เลยว่า ยังมีอะไรอีกมากมาย ที่เราเองก็ยังไม่รู้เลยว่า เรายังไม่รู้ ซึ่งยังคงเป็นเมฆที่ยังคงลอยสูงคลุม ปรัชญาทางฟิสิกส์อยู่ แม้ว่านักฟิสิกส์มากมายหัวเราะเยาะ ปรัชญา แต่ก็ยังมีคำถามทางปรัชญามากมาย ที่เป็นแรงบันดาลใจให้นักฟิสิกส์ เช่น "อะไรคือธรรมชาติพื้นฐานของความเป็นจริง" "จักรวาลมีอยู่ได้อย่างไร" "เราจะมีเจตจำนงเสรีจริงไหม ถ้าเราเป็นผู้สร้างฟิสิกส์" หรือ "เราจะรู้ได้อย่างไรว่า สิ่งที่เรา ทำในฟิสิกส์หรือวิทยาศาสตร์จะทำให้ เราได้ความจริงพื้นฐานของจักรวาลจริง" และทำไมทุกสิ่งของฟิสิกส์จึงเป็นแบบนั้น ครับ ทั้งหมดเป็นคำถามที่ใหญ่มาก ซึ่งเราอาจไม่ได้คำตอบเลย แต่ก็ไม่มีเหตุผลอะไรที่ไม่พยายามหาคำตอบ และท้ายสุดนักฟิสิกส์ก็ไม่ใช้พวกขี้แพ้ และนี้คือแผนภาพของวิชาฟิสิกส์ และสุดท้ายขอบคุณสำหรับ การชมวีดีโอ ที่ผมหวังว่าคุณจะชอบ ฮึ่ม ผมยังคงหารูปแบบของช่องนี้ และลองทำ Russian: и, без сомнений, есть вещи, про которые мы даже не знаем, что не знаем. что приводит к облаку тумана, летающее над всей физикой — философии. Хотя многие физики смеются над философией, это серьёзные философские вопросы, мотивирующие многих, например: "Какова фундаментальная природа реальности?" "Почему же Вселенная существует?" "Есть ли у нас свобода, если мы сделаны из физики?" "Откуда мы знаем, что то как мы занимаемся физикой и другими науками приводит нас к фундаментальной правде Вселенной?" и, просто, "Почему физика такая, какая она есть?" Это всё серьёзные вопросы, на которые, возможно, мы никогда и не ответим. Но нет причин сдаваться, в конце концов, физики не трусы. И это была карта физики. Это конец, спасибо за просмотр видео, надеюсь, вам понравилось. Я всё ещё работаю над форматом канала, Spanish: y no hay duda que existen otras cosas que ni siquiera sabemos que no conocemos. lo cual nos pone una elevada nube que flota sobre toda la física: la filosofía. Aunque muchos físicos se entretienen con la filosofía, esta es la gran pregunta filosofica que motiva a muchos físicos, como ¿Cual es la naturaleza fundamental de la realidad? ¿Como el Universo existe? ¿Tenemos libertad de decisión, si estamos hechos de física? ¿O como sabemos que lo que estamos encontrando es la verdad fundamental sobre el Universo? ¿Y porque la física es como es? Bien, estas fueron bastantes preguntas las cuales nunca podrán ser respondidas, pero esto no es una razón para dejar de seguir intentando, después de todo los físicos no renuncian. Y este ha sido el mapa de la física. Este es el final, gracias por ver el vídeo, espero que lo hayan disfrutado. Thai: รูปแบบที่แตกต่างกันบางอย่าง และผมก็ชอบแบบแอนนิเมทชั่น บอกผมให้ทราบในคอมเมนต์ด้วย ถ้าคุณสนุก กับรูปแบบนี้ และถ้าต้องการให้ผมทำอย่างอื่นเพิ่ม และถ้ามีหัวข้อเฉพาะไหนที่ต้องการให้ผมทำ ผมพร้อมเปิดรับทุกความคิด ผมมีวีดีโอมากมายที่กำลังจะผลิตออกมา โปรดรอชมต่อไป พบกันใหม สวัสดีครับ Hungarian: dologgal. Tetszik ez az animációs stilus, szóval tudassátok velem, ha tetszenek az ilyen dolgok, és ha szeretnétek, hogy csináljak még ilyet vagy van más tantárgy, amit szeretnétek, hogy földolgozzak, teljesen nyitott vagyok az ötletekre, van egy nagy rakás videóm amik kifelé jönnek a csövön, szóval tartsátok nyitva a szemetek a következő alkalomig. Viszlát Arabic: واتعلم القليل من الأشياء المختلفة، ويعجبني نوعا ما هذه الرسوم المتحركة، اخبروني ان كان يعجبكم هذا النوع من الاشياء، وإذا كنتم تريدون مني أن أفعل أكثر وإذا كانت هناك أية موضوعات محددة تريدون مني أن اقوم بتغطيتها، انا متفتح تماما للأفكار. لدي مجموعة كاملة من الفيديوت التي ستأتي قريبا. استعدوا لها أراكم لاحقاً. Swedish: med några olika saker och jag gillar den här animationsstilen. Så låt mig veta i kommentarerna om du tycker om det den här typen av saker och om du vill att jag ska göra mer och om det finns några specifika ämnen du vill ha mig att täcka, jag är helt öppen för idéer, Jag har en hel massa filmer som kommer ner i röret så håll dina ögon skalade för dem. Så tills nästa gång. Vi ses. French: avec différentes choses et je dois dire que j'aime plutôt bien le style « animation » donc dites-moi si vous appréciez ce genre de format et si vous voulez que j'en produise plus sur différents sujets spécifiques que vous voudriez que j'aborde, je suis totalement ouvert aux idées. J'ai tout un tas de vidéos qui sont sur le point de sortir donc restez à l'écoute. En attendant la prochaine fois, portez-vous bien, à plus. Danish: par forskellige ting, og jeg slags som dette animation stil, så lad mig vide, hvis du nyde den slags ting, og hvis du vil have mig til at gøre mere og hvis der er nogen specifikke emner du vil have mig til at dække, er jeg helt åben for ideer, jeg har en hel masse videoer der er på vej ned i røret, så at holde din øjne skrællet for dem, så indtil næste gang, vi ses. Japanese: このビデオと同じようにアニメのスタイルで他の話題についても放送しております。 もし何かお気づきのことがあればコメントをください。このビデオのような形式があなたにとって有益であり、別ジャンルに対するリクエストも歓迎します。 特に解説してほしい特定の分野があれば、前向きに検討していきたいと考えています。 これまでに多くのビデオを製作してきました。あなたにさらに多くのビデオに目を通していただけたらと思っています。 それではまた別の機会に。ごきげんよう。 Turkish: English: with a few different things and I kind of like this animation style. So let me know in the comments if you enjoy this kind of stuff and if you want me to do more and if there are any specific subjects you want me to cover, I’m totally open to ideas, I’ve got a whole bunch of videos that are coming down the pipe so keep your eyes peeled for those. So until next time. See ya. Finnish: erilaisia asioita. Pidän tästä animaatiotyylistä jos kertokaa jos pidätte tällaisesta ja jos haluatte lisää ja jos on jotain tiettyjä aiheita joita haluatte minun käsittelevän. Olen avoin ideoille ja minulla ole iso nippu videoita tulossa joten olkaa valppana ja ensi kertaan. Näkemisiin. Burmese: အနည်းငယ်ကွဲပြားခြားနားသောအရာနှင့် ငါကြင်နာ၏ဤကာတွန်းစတိုင်ကြိုက်တယ်။ ဒါကြောင့်သင်ပျော်မွေ့လျှင်ငါ့ကိုမှတ်ချက်များအတွက်သိစေ ပစ္စည်းပစ္စယများနှင့်ငျသညျငါ့ကိုပိုပြီးလုပ်ချင်လျှင်ဒီလိုမျိုး နှင့်သင်လိုချင်သောဆိုတိကျတဲ့ဘာသာရပ်များရှိပါတယ်လျှင် ကိုဖုံးလွှမ်းရန်အကျွန်ုပ်ကို, ငါသည်အတွေးအခေါ်များမှလုံးဝပွင့်လင်းတယ်, ငါဒါသူတို့အဘို့ peeled သင်၏မျက်စိစောင့်ရှောက်ပိုက်ချလာမယ့်ဖြစ်ကြောင်းဗီဒီယိုများတစ်ခုလုံးစည်းရရှိပါသည်။ လာမယ့်အချိန်ကာလမရောက်မှီတိုင်အောင်ဒါ။ နောက်မှတွေ့မယ်။ Korean: 시도해보고.. 그리고 저는 이 애니메이션 스타일과 비슷한 것 같아요 그러니까 당신이 이런 것들을 좋아하고, 제가 이런 걸 더 하길 원하시면 댓글로 남겨주세요 그리고 제가 다루기를 원하는 주제가 있다면 알려주세요 저는 항상 열려있답니다 저는 파이프를 내려 오는 수많은 비디오를 가지고 있으므로 눈을 떼지 마십시오. 그럼 다음에 봐요, See ya. Czech: s různými věcmi a tento styl animace se mi docela líbí. Tak mi prosím dejte dole v komentářích vědět jestli se vám takovéhle věci líbí a jestli mám udělat další. Pokud existují nějaká témata, která byste byly rádi kdybych zpracoval, tak jsem plně otevřen návrhům. Mám kopu videí, které právě "procházejí trubkami" takže nastražte bulvy a čekejte na ně. Takže do příště. Mějte se. Spanish: Sigo trabajando en el formato de este canal y jugando alrededor de diferentes cosas como el estilo de la animación, así que hágame saber en los comentarios si disfruto este tipo de material, y si quiere que haga mas o sobre algún tema especifico que quiere que cubra, estoy totalmente abierto a ideas, tengo una montaña de videos que están viniendo, así que tenga los ojos atentos. Hasta la próxima vez, nos vemos. Portuguese: algumas coisas diferentes e eu de certa forma gosto deste estilo de animação, por isso digam-me, nos comentários, se gostam deste tipo de coisa e se querem que eu faça mais ou se há algum assunto específico que gostariam que eu abordasse, estou totalmente aberto a ideias, e tenho uma data de vídeos a chegar, por isso mantenham-se atentos a eles. Então, até a próxima! Tchau! Galician: varias cousas distintas. Gústame bastante este estilo de animacións, así que dicide se vos gusta este tipo de cousas. Se queredes que faga máis ou se hai algúns temas específicos que queirades que trate, estou totalmente aberto ás novas ideas. Teño unha morea de vídeos que están en camiño, así que andade atentos. Ata a próxima! Vémonos! iw: עם כל מיני דברים, והסגנון הזה של אנימציה מצא חן בעיני. ספרו לי בתגובות אם אהבתם את זה ואם אתם רוצים שאכין עוד כאלה, או שיש נושאים ספציפיים שאתם רוצים שאכסה. אני לגמרי פתוח לרעיונות. יש לי מלא סרטונים בדרך, אז תפקחו עיניים, ועד לפעם הבאה, להתראות. Dutch: en ik vind deze animatie stijl wel leuk, dus laat me weten of je ervan genieten kan, en als je me meer van dit wil laten doen; of er onderwerpen zijn die je me wil laten behandelen, ik sta helemaal open voor ideeën, ik heb een heleboel videos klaar op de stapel, dus hou je ogen daarvoor open , en tot de volgende keer. Tot ziens . Catalan: diferents coses. M'agrada aquest tipus d'animació, així que si també us ha agradat i voleu que continui o teniu algun tema que voleu que tracti, estic totalment obert a rebre suggeriments. Tinc un gran ventall de vídeos per anar publicant; així que estigueu atents. Fins la propera. Adéu. Bengali: অনুবাদঃ মোঃ আবদুল্লাহ আল জামান পদার্থবিদ্যা বিভাগ চট্টগ্রাম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় লেখকঃ বিজ্ঞানযাত্রা ব্লগ Chinese: 我還蠻喜歡動畫風格的~如果你也喜歡的話請讓我知道 還有你想要我在多做一點或是什麼特定的主題 我都願意聽，我即將要推出一大堆影片 所以張大你的眼 等待下次見 掰~ Slovenian: različne stvari in nekako mi je všeč ta stil animacije. Povejte mi v komentarjih, če uživate v takih stvareh in če želite, da naredim še več in če imate kakšna posebna področja, za katera želite, da jih pokrijem, sem popolnoma odprt za ideje. Prihaja poplava videov, zato imejte oči na pecljih. Do naslednjič. Se vidimo. Kurdish: وەرگێڕانی: جێگر جبار ٢٩/٦/٢٠٢٠ وەرگێڕانی: جێگر جبار ٢٩/٦/٢٠٢٠ German: ein paar verschiedenen Dingen herum. Ich mag diesen Animationsstil irgendwie, also lasst mich wissen, ob euch diese Art gefällt und ob ihr mehr davon wollt und ob es bestimmte Themen gibt, die ich betrachten soll. Ich bin absolut offen für Ideen, Ich habe eine Menge Videos die bereit stehen, also haltet die Augen offen. Bis zum nächsten Mal. Auf Wiedersehen. Indonesian: dengan beberapa hal yang berbeda dan aku jenis seperti gaya animasi ini. Jadi biar tahu di komentar jika Anda menikmati hal semacam ini dan jika Anda ingin saya untuk melakukan lebih banyak dan jika ada mata pelajaran tertentu yang ingin saya untuk menutupi, aku benar-benar terbuka untuk ide-ide, Aku punya sejumlah video yang turun pipa sehingga mata Anda tetap kupas bagi mereka. Jadi sampai waktu berikutnya. Sampai jumpa. Polish: ciekawymi pomysłami i całkiem podoba mi się ta cała animacja, więc będę wdzięczny jeśli powiecie, czy Wam też się podoba ten sposób tworzenia filmów i czy chcecie więcej, a jeśli jest jakiś szczególny temat, jaki chcielibyście, abym poruszył - jestem całkowicie otwarty na pomysły, mam całą gamę filmów, które są już w drodze, więc miejsce oczy otwarte. OK, to do zobaczenia! Trzymajcie się. Russian: пробую разные вещи, и мне нравится этот анимационный стиль роликов, так что дайте знать в комментариях, нравится ли вам такое, и хотите ли больше, какие темы мне охватить, я совершенно открыт для идей, у меня есть много видео, которые скоро выйдут, так что следите за обновлениями. До свидания. Увидимся! Modern Greek (1453-): με διάφορα πράγματα και το στύλ αυτών των κινούμενων σχεδίων, ετσι ενημερώστε με αν σας αρέσει αυτός ο τρόπος και αν θα θέλατε να κάνω κατι περισσότερο ή αν υπάρχουν άλλα θέματα που θέλετε να καλύψω, ειμαι ανοικτός σε οποιαδήποτε ιδέα, εχω ένα ολόκληρο πακέτο από video που έχονται, οπότε κρτηστε τα μάτια σας ανοικτά μέχρι την επόμενη φορά! τα λέμε.... Portuguese: diferentes coisas e eu meio que gosto desse estilo de animação, então deixe-me saber se você gosta desse tipo de coisa e se você quer que eu faça mais e se existem quaisquer assuntos específicos que você queira que eu cubra, eu estou totalmente aberto a idéias, eu tenho vários vídeos que estão vindo cano abaixo, então fique de olhos abertos para esses, então até a próxima, a gente se vê. Chinese: 一些不同的东西，我挺喜欢这个 动画风格，所以让我知道如果你喜欢 这种东西，如果你要我做 更，如果有任何特定的受试者 你要我支付，我要完全开放 的想法，我有一大堆的视频 被灌进管道，以便保持你的 眼睛去皮的，直到下一次， 再见。 Vietnamese: một số thứ như phong cách đồ họa Nên cho tôi biết trong phần cmt nếu các bạn thích vd kiểu này và muốn tôi làm thêm. và nếu có một chủ đề cụ thể bạn muốn tôi giải thích thì tôi rất mong chờ ý tưởng của các bạn Sắp tới sẽ có khá nhiều video nên hy vọng các bạn đón xem ( tác giả dùng một câu đùa về ống nước mà mình không dịch dk) Hẹn gặp lại. See ya Italian: questa specie di stile di animazione. Fatemi sapere se vi è piaciuto e se volete che faccia più video di questo tipo e se ci sono altre tematiche che volete che affronti. Sono aperto a nuove idee. Ho qualche nuovo video in arrivo quindi tenete gli occhi aperti. Ci vediamo!

In any semester you--it's a trajectory of you're starting here and you, you're starting where the students are also and you hope to take them where you want them to be. So we're about week four, week five now in the semester, and the first several weeks were building understanding of the concepts. I chose the lesson on "dude" because I think it's something that students are familiar with. It's something that if they don't use themselves they know somebody who does. -This is interesting in that how this creates, you know, this word use is indexing a particular type of masculinity. I think it really allowed students to think critically about the language that they use and that their peers use, and they were able to take this instance of "dude" that maybe is not so widespread, maybe not so popular anymore, but you hear students talking about, like, what are substitute words for that, and what are different words that different groups are using, and how people claiming their social identity. Wow. If we can get people to think about these abstract concepts, I mean, then they can start to understand where problems lie. Right? If they can understand the problems in society in terms of the practices that lead to those problems, and many of those problems are expressed through language, If we can get them to understand that, then what can't they do? It's great.

Warning we take extreme precautions while exploring abandoned places and always leave them intact our main objective is always to document We please ask you not to attempt to find and explore this place. Thank you Holy Shit This entire wall is covered in blood A few weeks ago a ghost town in the desert of California caught our attention It was once a mining town home to over 4,000 workers who built a life there however about 30 years ago due to rising environmental concerns the mines were forced to shut down their operations in the area and all the workers left with their families the town is Now closed off to the public until further notice becoming a literal shell of its history our plan was to drive out to the town And see if there's any way we could make it in sight to explore and potentially spend the night there [oh], and we brought Matt's younger brother thomas along for his first abandoned adventure. There's nothing We can do if someone's there and tries to rob us or...with all our gear and all that stuff We're literally in a ghost town like that is the ideal place to Rob or like kill someone who would be it goes down [alright] we left for the abandoned ghost town if we are not back please call 9-1-1 Hope that we don't die base if we all grab it for the last meal of our lives What do you want Derin Not Ralph's It's going [to] be the last meal of our lives Derin are we sponsored by Whole Foods? No Are we sponsored by Ralph's? No Apparently there's security, so hopefully We don't get caught and we come back alive. We're all a little bit scared and have no idea what the heck is gonna happen That's part of the excitement. Wait is anyone scared? I think it's just Matt. It's just Matt. Yeah I'm gonna fucking kill all of you. You keep talking about a security guard. What security guard? Haha I don't know. This is three hours away from Civilization oh TD There's a security guard over there. We can't, There's people here. There's people here. Where? I'm gonna get out of the car That's the town. That is the town? Yeah, so maybe let's park Let's make sure we park the car in like a safer spot go all the way around and try to go down here we might have a chance of parking the car you wanna hide the car here? the town is in the middle of of these If we get caught we should just all start speaking our native languages the gas station is in this way over the gravel Road So we're we're hiding right now. Hopefully find a back entrance to the town because the main entrance is watched That's a snake hole. One snakebite and we are fucked. I'm currently hiding behind the bushes of this barricaded entrance towards the ghost town We're going to go in one by one to make sure that no one spots us It's really sketchy right now There's people here right. We're not alone. Did you hear the dog? That's the person taking care of the place. Yeah All right it's not like he's not just going to wander down the abandoned town Unless he does a...nightly search That is crazy wow This is literally just like the Apocalypse, just like barren wasteland Set up inside a house like this This is a nice little cozy home. All right, this is our home for the night. God bless you Yeah, there are bullets outside But it was just like someone laying down over there or a dead body. That's a bullet. I heard some houses in the 80s have chemicals in the walls. Yeah, that's asbestos. Let's just set a tent and go explore. It's like this hole, just put it in Let's do it. You know my name is The Lord when I shout when I...what...when I lay my vengeance upon thee The church seems the most destroyed out of all the buildings here. thieves have grabbed the copper from all the cables This is a barbershop. Holy shit. Watch out. The stairs could collapse Woah, what is that? Probably like where the projector was Did they see us? Did they see you? I don't know. Wait there's blood everywhere. There, Holy Shittin' Jesus Holy shit It's weird. There's some houses that are like completely destroyed, and there's others that are very preserved like the like the one we're sleeping in You want to see it like this one is wrecked. Whose room is this tonight? Okay, we should play rock-Paper-scissors, shoot. Whoever loses sleeps in here. all the ceiling is like collapsed Matt, odds you sleep in this room I'll do it Where's our house? It's one more street down. You sure? I know the neighborhood. Up? It's up. Alright, this way We must be right here, no? Home sweet home, we found it. I love coming home. Where's supper? You gotta be really strategic because you never know what happens tomorrow If you think about where we are right now, it feels like we're just camping you got like an aero-drone shot of this place This tiny place, this abandoned Ghost town I'm like continuously scared really this long like being on adrenaline is just Continuously going forever uh it's so nerve-wrecking. Currently in the middle of nowhere. That's the house There's this really scary one. This is called Children of the Corn. get the blanket out of the backseat and my rifle Someone cut his throat Maybe whoever is watching us you repeat it over and over and at last she began to recover and held him tight They might have been dancing They were on the road with the boy's corpse at their feet. What are you doing? Jesus Christ Just setting up my seat. Oh my god, T-Boogie is fucking jumping. Nighty Night We're gonna go find our car, and find our way home. It's just about sunrise See you next Sunday

Portuguese: Tradutor: Raissa Mendes Revisor: Leonardo Silva (Vídeo) [Shake-spismo] Giles Terera: Shakespismo. Dan Poole: Shakespismo. GT: Já teve Shakespismo? DP: Hã... GT: Você está com Shakespismo? DP: Muitos têm esse problema. GT: Shakespismo é... DP: Hã... GT: Sabe quando você... DP: Ele pode destruir pessoas. GT: Parece uma constipação. DP: Minha mãe padeceu de Shakespismo muitos anos. GT: Parece uma indigestão, só que de Shakespeare. DP: Todos já sofremos com isso, é difícil de explicar... na escola secundária, universidade... professores, crianças, adultos. GT: O dicionário Oxford o define assim: "uma aversão extrema e irracional, altamente infecciosa, a Shakespeare e suas palavras". DP: Ai! GT: No ônibus, passando na porta do teatro, tem lá: "Shakespeare, Ricardo III, Shakespeare". É esse sentimento que dá ali... DP: O problema do Shakespismo é que é transmissível. English: Transcriber: David DeRuwe Reviewer: Leonardo Silva (Video) [Shake-spism] Giles Terera: Shakespism. Dan Poole: Shakespism. GT: Have you had Shakespism? DP: Um ... GT: Are you suffering from Shakespism now? DP: Many suffer from it in their lives. GT: Shakespism is ... DP: Um ... GT: You know when you - DP: It can destroy people. GT: It's a bit like being constipated. DP: My mum suffered from Shakespism for many years. GT: It can be like indigestion, only with Shakespeare. DP: We've all suffered from it, one of those difficult things to explain - school, secondary school, university, teachers, kids, adults. GT: The OED definition is: "an extreme and irrational, highly infectious aversion to Shakespeare and his works." DP: Uh. GT: On the bus, you pass the theater, it says, "Shakespeare, Richard III, Shakespeare." It's that feeling. That feeling you had then. DP: The problem with Shakespism is it can be contracted. English: It's an irrational response. I can literally pass it on to somebody else. GT: I first found out that I was suffering from Shakespism when I was about 16. Our teacher said, "Next term, we're going to be doing Macbeth." All of a sudden, I just felt really sick. This went on the whole term. We started to read the play. I went to the doctor who said, "You've just got Shakespism." So then, I felt fine. DP: Two people in the room - four, you've got four people. One likes Shakespeare. That's why Shakespism's bad. It becomes about class ... GT: Tell people about it, they need to know. DP: Shakespism's something that we can solve. Um ... Shakespism will kill you if you let it, so don't. GT: You could be 2 years old or 80 years old, and you could suffer from it. It's the silent killer. DP: We can conquer it together. GT: If I say the word to you now - Shakespeare - there that's that, that feeling, that's Shakespism. [shakespearefilm.com] (End of video) (Applause) GT: Gracias. (Applause) Portuguese: É uma reação irracional. Podemos literalmente passar para alguém. GT: A primeira vez que notei que sofria de Shakespismo, eu tinha 16 anos. O professor falou: "Próximo semestre, vamos estudar 'Macbeth'". De repente, comecei a passar mal, e isso durou o semestre todinho. Começamos a ler a peça. Fui ao médico, e ele falou: "É... você pegou Shakespismo". Aí, melhorei. DP: Se houver quatro pessoas numa sala, só uma gosta de Shakespeare. É grave assim o Shakespismo, tem a ver com escola... GT: Conte às pessoas. Elas precisam saber. DP: Shakespismo é algo que podemos resolver. Hã... (Risos) Shakespismo mata se você deixar, então não deixe. GT: A pessoa pode ter 2 ou 80 anos de idade, e ainda assim sofrer disso. É uma doença silenciosa. DP: Juntos podemos vencê-la. GT: Se eu pronunciar agora a palavra "Shakespeare", é isso... esse sentimento... é o Shakespismo. [shakespearefilm.com] (Fim do vídeo) (Aplausos) GT: (Espanhol) Obrigado. (Aplausos) Portuguese: Primeiro, queremos dizer que não voamos até aqui, nem viemos de avião. GT e DP: Viemos de carro. GT: Pelo menos não foi de avião. (Espanhol) Legal! Obrigado, obrigado. (Risos) Bem, há muito, muito tempo, num país muito, muito distante, (Risos) o jovem William Shakespeare, 20 anos de idade, levantou-se uma manhã e decidiu que queria deixar seu tranquilo e agradável lar no interior e se mudar para Londres, pois queria se tornar ator. DP: Daí, 400 anos depois, fizemos exatamente a mesma coisa. (Risos) Bem, Shakespeare era um homem... um homem que escrevia peças excelentes, a não ser que prefiram acreditar que alguém o ajudou a escrevê-las, mas isso não importa. O que importa é que ele não deveria ser colocado num pedestal. Ele não é um deus; é um homem que escreveu ótimas histórias. GT: Tecnicamente... DP: E adoro uma boa história. GT: Adoro uma boa história. Todos nós. DP: Todos adoramos. English: Now, first of all, we've got to say that we also didn't fly here, we didn't take the plane either. GT and DP: We drove. GT: At least, we didn't take the plane. Vale! So gracias, gracias. (Laughter) Now, a long time ago, in a country far, far away, (Laughter) William Shakespeare got up one morning, young William Shakespeare, 20 years old, and he decided he wanted to leave his nice quiet home in the countryside, and he wanted to go to London because he wanted to become an actor. DP: 400 years later, we did exactly the same thing. (Laughter) Now, Shakespeare was a man ... He was a man that wrote great plays, unless you choose to believe that, you know, someone else helped him write, but that's not important to us. What is important to us is to say he shouldn't be put on a pedestal. He's not a god. He is a man that wrote great stories, and I love a good story. GT: I love a good story. We all do. DP: We all love a good story: Portuguese: "Romeu e Julieta", "Macbeth", Romeu e Julieta apaixonados... o perigoso Macbeth... E foi aí que nossa história começou: com uma história. Cresci no norte da Inglaterra, numa cidadezinha mineradora. GT: E eu, no sul. DP: E Shakespeare cresceu em algum lugar por aqui. Quando criança, tive muito problema com Shakespeare. Aos 11 anos, estudando "Romeu e Julieta", eu não entendi bem a história, sabe? Eu meio que entendi que, no fim, os dois amantes morrem, e que aconteceu uma briga de espadas, mas o resto realmente não entendi, não peguei de jeito nenhum. Mas deixem-me dar o contexto: quando eu tinha 11 anos, minhas aulas de inglês normalmente começavam com um soco na cara. Eu sofria bullying de outro menino que, toda quarta, me socava no rosto. Bem, já tínhamos lido a peça e, naquele dia, íamos assistir ao filme. Daí, minha professora diz: "Dan, vá buscar a TV". E eu naquela... esperando o soco. English: Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet in love, dangerous Macbeth. And that's where our story started - with a story. And I grew up in the north of England in a small mining village. GT: And I grew up in the south. DP: And Shakespeare was sort of somewhere over here. And, when I was younger, I had quite a few issues with Shakespeare. When I was 11, I was studying Romeo and Juliet, and I didn't really understand it, you know. I sort of got, at the end, that the two lovers, they die, and I got that there was a sword fight, but the other stuff, I didn't really understand, and I didn't get it. And I felt that - actually let me explain - if I'd go back. My English lessons when I was 11 years old normally started off with me being punched in the face. I was very bullied by a guy. Every week, on a Wednesday, he'd punch me in the face. So we've read the play. This day, we're going to watch the film. So my teacher says, "Go get it, Dan, go and get the TV," so already I'm kind of like, "Well, when's the punch coming?" Portuguese: Aí, fui até a sala, peguei a TV e "bum", bem no meio da cara. Então, os primeiros 15 minutos do filme "Romeu e Julieta", pra ser honesto, eu meio que perdi, mas, quando comecei a assistir, parecia um daqueles filmes antigos, nada a ver comigo. Era uma versão da BBC, dos anos 1960 ou 1970, filmada como peça de teatro. Então, não me agradou. Era uma versão fria, estoica, esse tipo de coisa. Por isso, quem for ensinar Shakespeare, não faça desse jeito. Além disso, nunca diga a uma pessoa que, se ela não for inteligente, jamais vai entender Shakespeare. GT: Isso não é legal, mas a razão de estarmos aqui hoje, nós, vocês, neste prédio tão bonito, de termos dirigido até aqui, é por causa do TED. English: So I go into the TV room, get the TV, and bang, straight in the face. So the first 15 minutes of Romeo and Juliet on film, I kind of missed, to be honest, but when we then started watching it, it felt like this gray outdated film that wasn't really about me. It was a 1960s or a 1970s BBC version of the film which had been filmed like a theatrical performance. So it didn't speak to me. It was cold, it was stoic, and you know, that's the thing, it's like, if you're going to do it, don't teach someone Shakespeare that way. And also, don't ever tell someone that if you're not clever, you won't understand Shakespeare. GT: Those are pretty bad ideas, but the reason that we're all here today - us, you, and we've come here to this beautiful building, we've driven all this way - is because of TED. Portuguese: Bem, o lema do TED é: "Ideias que merecem ser divulgadas". "Ideias que merecem ser divulgadas". Adoramos esse lema, mas também achamos que há ideias que não merecem ser divulgadas. (Risos) Por exemplo, quando estávamos concluindo o curso de teatro para nos tornar atores, em Londres, veio um diretor enorme para nossa escola de teatro... DP: (Espanhol) Gordo... GT: Ele era enorme... para nos preparar para audições. A ideia era apresentarmos um texto, e ele nos orientar. Bem, eu tinha acabado de descobrir Hamlet, eu adorava Hamlet. Eu realmente entendia Hamlet, pelo menos achava que entendia. Hamlet era jovem, estava com raiva, sentia falta do pai e não confiava em ninguém. Então, fiz o monólogo "Ser ou não ser" e, quando terminei, aquele homenzarrão se vira pra mim e diz: DP: "Tá, tá, vamos parar por aqui..." GT: Espere aí. Ele era escocês. DP: Verdade. (Risos) GT: Continue. English: Now, the motto of TED is "Ideas Worth Spreading." "Ideas Worth Spreading." Now, we think that's great, but we also think that there's some ideas that are not worth spreading. (Laughter) For instance, when we were about to finish our drama training to become actors in London, this big director came into our drama school ... DP: Gordo! GT: He was huge. (Laughter) to help us with our audition practice. The idea was we would do our audition speech, and he would give us advice. Now, I had just discovered Hamlet, and I loved Hamlet. I really understood Hamlet. I think I understood Hamlet. He was young and he was angry and he was missing his father and he didn't trust anyone around him. So I did my speech, "To be or not to be," and when I finished, the big director stopped me, and he said ... DP: "OK, OK, I think we should just stop there ... " GT: Wait, wait, wait there. He was Scottish. DP: Oh yeah, (Laughter) GT: Go ahead. English: DP (With Irish brogue): "OK, OK, I think we should stop right there. Ah, you're never going to play Hamlet. In fact, it's just not your casting." GT: I'm never going to play Hamlet. He said I'm never going to play Hamlet. I loved Hamlet, but as I left the room, I started to think maybe the big director was right, maybe I shouldn't play Hamlet, and this little idea started to work its way up my arm and onto my shoulder and whisper into my ear, this little worm of an idea, a head worm we call them, that whispers in your ear and says, "Psst. Psst. You can't do Shakespeare. Shakespeare isn't for you. Shakespeare is for someone else. You can't be Hamlet. Hamlet isn't black, estúpido." (Laughter) DP: What! He's not black? GT: Eh. (Applause) And this director had infected me with his idea. Portuguese: DP: (Com sotaque escocês) "Tá, podemos parar por aqui. Você nunca vai fazer Hamlet; realmente não é o seu perfil." GT: Nunca vou fazer Hamlet. Ele disse que eu nunca iria fazer Hamlet. Eu adorava Hamlet, mas, ao sair da sala, comecei a pensar que talvez aquele grandalhão estivesse certo e que eu não devia fazer Hamlet. E essa ideia começou a subir pelo meu braço, passou pelo ombro e começou a sussurrar no meu ouvido, aquela ideia de minhoca, uma minhoca da cabeça, como se diz, que sussurra em seu ouvido e diz: "Psst. Psst. Você não pode fazer Shakespeare. Shakespeare não é pra você. Shakespeare é para os outros. Você não pode ser Hamlet. Hamlet não é preto, (Espanhol) estúpido". (Risos) DP: O quê? Ele não é preto? (Aplausos) GT: E o tal diretor tinha me infectado com aquela ideia. English: It was Shakespism at its worst. And I was listening to this head worm and believing it, and I knew that if I didn't get rid of this idea immediately, it was going to work its way into my brain and eat me. So I remembered something, a line that Hamlet says in the play, and we thought of this line this summer when we were watching the Olympics, those incredible athletes in London. Hamlet does not say, "What a piece of work is a white man." DP: And he does not say, "What a piece of work is a poor man." GT: "What a piece of work is a rich man." DP: "What a piece of work is a big man." GT: "What a piece of work is an old man or a young man." He says, "What a piece of work is a man. How noble in reason. How infinite in faculty. In form and moving, how express and admirable. DP: In action, how like an angel. In admiration, how like a dog." GT: Those are ideas worth spreading. Those are ideas worth spreading. Portuguese: Era Shakespismo da pior espécie. Eu ouvia aquele minhoca na cabeça e acreditava nela, e sabia que, se não me livrasse imediatamente daquela ideia, ela ia subir pro cérebro e me devorar. Então, lembrei de uma coisa, de uma fala de Hamlet, e passamos o verão pensando nela enquanto assistíamos às Olimpíadas com aqueles atletas incríveis, em Londres. Hamlet não diz: "Que obra de arte é o homem branco". DP: Também não diz: "Que obra de arte é o homem pobre". GT: "Que obra de arte é o homem rico." DP: "Que obra de arte é o homem gordo." GT: "Que obra de arte é o homem velho ou o homem jovem." Ele diz: "Que obra de arte é o homem. Tão nobre em sua razão, tão infinito em faculdades, em forma e movimento quão rápido e admirável". DP: "Na ação, tão próximo dos anjos, na compreensão tão semelhante a um deus." GT: Essas são ideias que merecem ser divulgadas. Portuguese: DP: E a escola de teatro? O que acontece quando você se forma? Se tiver sorte, consegue um emprego, e alguns de nós têm e arranjam trabalho, mas o interessante é que, quem não tiver a oportunidade de estudar Shakespeare no palco depois de sair da escola, vira essa coisa, o Shakespismo se torna um problema, uma verdade incômoda. Será que consigo fazer? Não consigo? Será que estou assombrado por "Shakespeare faz o ator?" "Shakespeare faz o homem?" E não tive a sorte de conseguir oportunidades. Então, eu ficava pensando: "Consigo fazer? Sou bom o bastante? Eu deveria estar fazendo Shakespeare? Deveria estar no palco? O que posso...". GT: Calma, calma, está tudo bem. (Risos) E tudo isso tem a ver com o TED, ideias que merecem... (Risos) DP: Sem ele, não sou ninguém. GT: Ah, sem ele, não sou ninguém. DP: E aí, o que você faz? Decidimos descobrir por que as pessoas tinham medo English: DP: So, school, drama school. What happens when you leave? You're down a job if you're lucky, and some of us were lucky, and some of us did work, but what's interesting is, if you never get an opportunity to study Shakespeare in performance after you've left, it becomes this thing. The Shakespism thing becomes a big deal, like an elephant in the room. Can I do it? Can I not do it? Am I being haunted by - Does Shakespeare maketh the actor? Does Shakespeare maketh the man? And, you know, I was in a position where I wasn't really fortunate to get opportunities. So, I'm there, going, "Can I do it? Am I good enough? Should I be speaking Shakespeare? Should I even be here on the stage? What can I - " GT: You're fine, you're doing well. (Laughter) This is what TED's all about, ideas worth sharing, DP: (Hoots) (Laughter) Without him, I am nothing. GT: Ah, without him, I'm nothing. DP: So what do you do? OK, we decided we need to look at why people are scared, English: why people are intimidated and put off by the language. And the interesting thing is when you live your life, anything that happens to you emotionally, physically, psychologically happens to all of Shakespeare's characters. They've lived it before us. It's there for you. So, we decided we'd make a film. Now, it sounds a really easy thing to say, and it was actually easy to say, but the actual fact of making a film is fraught with problems, like money for a start. How do you make a film when you've never made a film? And we decided, actually, we'd just get out there and do it. And there's a line that Macbeth says to Lady Macbeth. He says, "And if we fail?" And she says, GT: "We fail ... " (Laughter) "but screw your courage to the sticking place and we'll not fail." DP: Well, that's what we needed. So we screwed our courage to the sticking place, and off we went. Portuguese: e se sentiam intimidadas e desencorajadas pela linguagem. O interessante é que, na vida, tudo o que nos acontece emocional, física e psicologicamente já aconteceu com todos os personagens de Shakespeare. Eles viveram tudo antes de nós, está tudo ali de bandeja. Então, decidimos fazer um filme. Bem, falar é fácil e, na verdade, foi fácil falar, mas fazer um filme é um poço de problemas, como dinheiro, pra início de conversa. Como fazer um filme se você nunca fez um filme? Mas decidimos meter a cara e fazer. Tem uma fala em que Macbeth pergunta a Lady Macbeth: "E se falharmos?" E ela responde: GT: "Falhamos. (Risos) Mas junte toda sua coragem e não falharemos." DP: Bem, era o que precisávamos. Daí, juntamos toda nossa coragem e lá fomos nós. Portuguese: GT: Bem, aquilo foi Macbeth, mas podemos aplicar isso a qualquer situação imaginável: "Junte toda sua coragem e não falharemos". Shakespeare é universal. Ben Johnson, famoso escritor inglês, amigo de Shakespeare, disse quando este morreu: "Shakespeare não foi de uma era, mas de todos os tempos", e gostamos de pensar que Shakespeare não foi só para poucos, mas para todo mundo. Porque todos já fomos jovens, já nos apaixonamos, certo? Certo? (Espanhol) Sim, sim, sim! (Inglês) Todos já nos apaixonamos. Todos já desejamos o que era de outrem. Todos já questionamos a vida. Todos já quisemos matar alguém. DP: O quê? (Risos) English: GT: Now, that was Macbeth, but you could apply that to any single situation that you can think of. Screw your courage to the sticking place, and we'll not fail. Shakespeare is universal. Ben Johnson, the famous English writer - he was Shakespeare's amigo - said ... When Shakespeare died, he said, "Shakespeare was not of an age, but for all time," and we'd like to think that Shakespeare was not just for a few people, but he was for all the world. Because we've all been young, we've all been in love, right? Yeah, right? Sí, sí, sí! We've all been in love. We've all wanted what someone else had. We've all questioned life. We've all wanted to murder someone. DP: What? (Laughter) English: GT: Sí, sí, sí! We've all wanted to murder someone. DP: I haven't, actually, wanted to murder anyone. GT: Oh please! You're telling me, on all our adventures, you haven't wanted to kill me once? DP: Oh, oh look, yeah you - yeah, yeah. GT: One or two. Muhammad Ali said, (GT shadow-boxing) Grr, grr, grr. "I'm the Shakespeare of the boxing world." And JFK said, "Ask not what your country can do for you." And Nelson Mandela, when he was in prison for those 27 years on Robben Island in South Africa, kept one line of Julius Caesar as his motto. You know what that line was? "Cowards die many times before their deaths. The valiant never taste of death but once." Charlie Chaplin - that's true. (Applause) Portuguese: GT: (Espanhol) Sim, sim, sim! (Inglês) Todos já quisemos matar alguém. DP: Na verdade, eu nunca quis matar ninguém. GT: Faça-me o favor! Então, durante nossas aventuras, você não quis me matar nem uma vez? DP: Ah, ah... você... sim, sim. Uma vez. GT: Muhammad Ali disse: (Fingindo lutar boxe: Grr, grr, grr.) "Sou o Shakespeare do boxe". E JFK disse: "Não pergunte o que seu país pode fazer por você". E Nelson Mandela, quando esteve preso por 27 anos na Ilha Robben, na África do Sul, mantinha como seu lema uma das falas de Júlio César. Sabem qual? "Os covardes morrem muitas vezes antes da própria morte. Os valentes só morrem uma vez". É verdade. (Aplausos) Portuguese: GT: (Espanhol) Ah... olá! (Aplausos) DP: (Espanhol) Olá! GT: Charlie Chaplin sonhava fazer Hamlet. Podem imaginar que filme maravilhoso seria? Vejam, o negócio é que Shakespeare sabia que um artista é capaz de ilustrar exatamente o que você está sentindo ou pensando. Cervantes fez isso. Bob Dylan fez isso. Michael Jackson fez isso. E Shakespeare fez isso melhor do que ninguém. Então, todo mundo ia assistir às suas peças. O rei e a rainha iam assistir, os ladrões, os mendigos e as prostitutas iam ver suas peças, e todos os demais iam ver, e ainda continuam a assistir. Em Nova York ou no Reino Unido, ou no Japão, em Paris, em Madri, todo mundo vai ver Shakespeare. De fato, esta manhã estávamos pensando: "O que Shakespeare pensaria se pudesse nos ver todos aqui, agora, nesta tarde, English: GT: Ah, hola. (Applause) DP: Hola! GT: Charlie Chaplin dreamt, he dreamt of playing Hamlet. Can you imagine what a great film that would be? You see, the thing is that Shakespeare knew that an artist is able to illustrate exactly what it is that you're feeling and thinking. Cervantes could do it. Bob Dylan could do it. Michael Jackson could do it. And Shakespeare could do it better than anyone else. And so everyone came to see Shakespeare's plays. The King and the Queen came to see the plays, and the thieves and the beggars and the prostitutes came to see his plays, and everyone in between came to see his plays, and they're still coming to see his plays. In New York or in the UK or in Japan, in Paris, in Madrid, everyone comes to see Shakespeare's plays. In fact, we were thinking this morning, "What would Shakespeare think if he could see us, all of us now, here, this afternoon, Portuguese: falando sobre suas peças, sua vida, sobre suas palavras, seus personagens, seu trabalho?" Achamos que ia dar um nó naquela carequinha dele. (Risos) DP: Careca? (Risos) GT: Sim. Careca, careca. Shakespeare era careca. DP: Não era careca. GT: Era. Não tinha cabelo nenhum. DP: Não, ele tinha aqui. Era... GT: Não, não, não, essa era a parte calva, essa era... Vamos continuar, vamos em frente. Vamos lá. DP: Então, entramos no carro, pegamos nossa câmera e saímos pelo mundo. Em cinco anos, viajamos por nove países. Visitamos prisões, escolas... GT: Universidades, faculdades. DP: Conversamos com um monte de gente, atores, de Jude Law a Ewan McGregor e Sir Ian McKellen, a jovens estudantes e pessoas na rua, frentistas de posto de gasolina. Conversamos com todo mundo. E, pra mim, o fascinante nessa jornada de cinco anos English: talking about his plays, talking about his life, talking about his words, his characters, his work?" We think it would blow his little bald head. (Laughter) DP: Bald? (Laughter) GT: Sí. Bald, bald. Shakespeare was bald. DP: He wasn't bald. GT: He didn't have hair. DP: No, he had it all here. It's almost, it's just - GT: No, no, no, this is the bald bit, this is - Let's move on, let's move on. Vale! DP: Anyway, anyway, what we did was we got in our car, we got our camera, and we traveled the world. We spent five years, and we've been to nine countries, and we've been to prisons, we've been to schools, GT: universities, colleges. DP: We've spoken to lots of people, actors from Jude Law to Ewan McGregor to Sir Ian McKellen to young people who are studying to the person on the street to the person that fills your car up with gas. We've spoken to everybody. And what's fascinating to me, in this five-year journey, Portuguese: foi simplesmente uma informação-chave que é... bem, não podemos contar agora, pois ainda não finalizamos o filme, mas podemos compartilhar quatro pontos que nortearam o resto do filme. GT: O jovem que conhecemos na prisão... Há uma companhia de teatro que leva Shakespeare a prisões. Daí, fomos com esse grupo e conhecemos um jovem que falou um texto de Shakespeare tão lindamente para nós, e achamos incrível, mas na prisão todos ficaram impressionados porque, até aquele momento, aquele jovem não tinha dito uma única palavra em cinco anos. DP: Também conversamos com Ewan McGregor, que tinha acabado de atuar em "Otelo", no papel de Iago, e ele foi muito sincero em nos contar como achou difícil, difícil demais, a ponto de ter de fazer hipnoterapia para lidar com seu medo. English: is just one core piece of information which is ... well, we can't really tell you right now because our film isn't finished, but what we can share with you are four key points which have informed the rest of the film. GT: The young man that we met in prison - There's a Shakespeare company that takes Shakespeare into prisons, and we went with the company, and we met this young man who spoke a piece of Shakespeare so beautifully to us, and we thought it incredible, but everyone else in the prison was amazed because, up until that moment, that young man had not spoken one word in five years. DP: And then we spoke to Ewan McGregor, who had just finished working on Othello, playing Iago, and he sat down and candidly spoke to us and told us how difficult he found it, how very difficult he'd found it, and the fact that he actually had to go and have hypnotherapy to deal with his fear. Portuguese: Ele estava sofrendo de Shakespismo. GT: Conhecemos uma mulher na Dinamarca, e havia uma produção de Hamlet lá. Ela foi ver essa produção, e achou muito tocante e profundo, em "Hamlet", que Shakespeare tenha conseguido, apesar de ser inglês, sinterizar perfeitamente o espírito e o modo de pensar dinamarquês. DP: Conversamos com Mark Rylance, que foi o primeiro diretor artístico do Globe Theatre em Londres. E Mark falou sobre seu medo, sobre essa aura de medo que cerca Shakespeare, e conversamos sobre a questão de que, se não for possível ensinar bem, de uma maneira que não assuste as pessoas, então é melhor nem ensinar. Dali, tivemos uma ideia maravilhosa, e sentimos que os ideais universais sobre os quais tínhamos conversado com as pessoas pertenciam a outro lugar. Pode passar o vídeo pra nós por favor? English: He was suffering from Shakespism. GT: There was a woman that we met in Denmark, and there was a production of Hamlet. She was going to see this production of Hamlet, and what she thought was so moving and profound about the play Hamlet was that Shakespeare had managed - he was an Englishman - and he'd managed to encapsulate perfectly the Danish spirit and mindset. DP: We spoke to Mark Rylance. Mark Rylance is the founding artistic director of the Globe Theatre in London, and Mark spoke about fear, and about the idea of Shakespeare being surrounded by fear, and the issue for us, really, was that, what was spoken about was this idea that, if you can't teach it well enough, in a way that doesn't scare people away, you shouldn't teach it at all. So from that, we had this wonderful idea, and we felt like the universal ideals which we'd spoken about with all these people belonged somewhere. Can you just roll the video for us please? English: (Video playing while onstage speakers quote lines from Henry V: Act 2 Prologue) (Dramatic music) DP: "Now all the youth of England are on fire, And silken dalliance in the wardrobe lies. Now thrive the armorers, and honor’s thought Reigns solely in the breast of every man. They sell the pasture now to buy the horse, Following the mirror of all Christian kings With wingèd heels, as English Mercurys. For now sits Expectation in the air" GT: "O England, model to thy inward greatness, Like little body with a mighty heart, What might’st thou do, that honor would thee do, Were all thy children kind and natural!" (Video ends) Now the interesting thing about this Portuguese: (Durante o vídeo, os palestrantes falam trecho de "Henry V", ato 2, prólogo) (Música dramática) DP: "A juventude inglesa está em chamas, Nos cabides, as roupas de festa. Só os armeiros prosperam, E a honra reina sozinha em todo peito. Vendem-se pastos para comprar cavalos Seguindo o modelo dos monarcas Cristãos, Como alados Mercúrios ingleses. Pois paira no ar a expectativa". GT: "Ó Inglaterra! Tão grande por dentro, Com tanto coração nesse teu corpo, Que honras poderias alcançar Se todos os teus filhos fossem bons." (Fim do vídeo) O interessante nisso tudo English: was when the BBC and all the news reporters asked those young people why they were doing what they were doing - "Why are you doing it? Why are you doing it?" - they all said the same thing, "Because our voices are not being heard. All we want is our voices to be heard." So when people turn around and say to you that you can't feel something or you shouldn't think something or enjoy something or love something, whether it's Shakespeare or whether it's anything else, we think that you should be the ones to decide that. That's your choice. DP: And when we went into prisons, we went in with a guy called Dr. Bruce Wall, and he does a lot of rehabilitation with young prisoners and prisoners across the board, across the whole world, and one thing that he gives them and makes them repeat is, "We have the tools" - what's the phrase again? GT: "Give us the tools and we will do the job." Portuguese: foi que a BBC e todos os repórteres perguntaram a esses jovens por que eles estavam fazendo aquilo: "Por que vocês estão fazendo isso?", e todos responderam a mesma coisa: "Porque nossa voz não é ouvida. Tudo que queremos é que nossa voz seja ouvida". Então, quando alguém se virar e disser que vocês não podem sentir algo, pensar algo, ou gostar de determinada coisa, seja Shakespeare ou o que for, quem deve decidir isso são vocês. A escolha é sua. DP: Nas visitas às prisões, fomos com um cara chamado Dr. Bruce Wall, que trabalha com reabilitação de jovens prisioneiros, prisioneiros em geral, no mundo todo, e uma das coisas que ele faz é pedir que eles repitam: "Nós temos as ferramentas"... qual é a frase mesmo? GT: "Deem-nos as ferramentas e nós faremos o resto". Portuguese: DP: "Deem-nos as ferramentas e nós faremos o resto". E, para nós, isso tem tudo a ver. Se dermos as ferramentas às pessoas certas, teremos pessoas que entendem, que se conectam com o mundo de um jeito muito diferente. Shakespeare definitivamente não é pra qualquer um, sabemos disso. Mas deveria ser acessível àqueles que querem descobri-lo e conhecê-lo. Afinal, ele era apenas um homem. GT: (Espanhol) Obrigado. DP and GT: (Espanhol) Muito obrigado. (Aplausos) English: DP: "Give us the tools and we will do the job." And that for us is everything about it. If you give the tools to the right people, you'll have people who understand, people who connect to the world in a very, very different way. You know, Shakespeare definitely isn't for everybody. Of course, we understand that, but for those who want to find out about him and know about him, it should be accessible. He was just a man, after all. GT: Gracias. DP and GT: Muchas Gracias. (Applause)

Welcome to the GCN Tech Clinic where we aim to answer your bike and bike tech-related questions and issues. If you'd like to get your questions into as you can do using the hashtag ASKGCNTECH in the comment section down below or on other forms of social media as well, and we'll try and answer as many of them as we can. First up we're not further ado, this week we have a question from Kevin Timmons who says "Ollie, since you're the experts on marginal aero gains, does sunscreen/sunblock make you more aero?" Well, Kevin, if I could offer you only one tip for the future, sunscreen would be it. The long-term benefits of sunscreen have been proved by scientists, whereas the rest of my advice has no basis more reliable than my own meandering experience. I will dispense that advice now. There you go. The next question is from Darren Clare who says, "Can you recommend a degreaser or hack or do I need to purchase a specific kind of degreaser?" Yes, I would say any organic solvent will pretty much work. I'd avoid really potent solvents because they could potentially damage your frame, but you should be okay with petrol and white spirit, acetone is pretty polar might rip your frame, I wouldn't use that. My favorites organic solvent, dichloromethane, I'd quite like to try that, but it's another one for GCN Tech after dark so we don't need to go into that. However, if you are washing stuff down the drain I would say purchase specific products because there are products available now that are more environmentally friendly and are designed to be washed down the drain. A lot of organic solvents should be disposed of in dust really in solvent waste, so I would say try and avoid using those. If you can get your hands on proper bio degreaser or something do it. Next one is for a Mads Buus Olsen who says "Hi, GCN, love your show. I was wondering if it's possible to throw a Dura Ace rotor on a Shimano 105 disc brake caliper. What do you have to be aware of?" That should be absolutely fine as long as the rotor diameter is the same so that, the dark what? Is that a 140 or 160, that's a 160 on mine. You need to make sure it's also the same diameter. Something to be aware of though is that Shimano when they knew, they obviously we're down, but when they're new, they're 1.8 millimeters thick. That's the rotor thickness, whereas SRAM start out at 1.85 millimeters or even 1.9 millimeters in some of the smaller of like 140s. In an emergency, if you were getting, I don't know a neutral service weõll or something and you needed to put in a ceram disc rotor into a Shimano thing, it could potentially work, but it might rub because the rotor is that bit thicker whereas the other way around it'll work. The braking is not as optimal because the interface for the pad and the rotor is not as good but it does work. I've done that. There you go. Cam packs narrower as well that's usually at 1.8 mil thick when they new. Next question is from Random Asian who says, "Hi Ollie should I get ceramic bearings and ceramic jockey wheels is it really worth it?" Well, Random Asian, if you can afford it and you want to do it and you want to bling your bike out go for it. Why not, but if it was me, I see ceramic bearings as the cherry on top of the Schwarz of Al-bakr shorter Black Forest gateau. In that respect, I'd say, ask yourself or I'd ask myself, have you done everything else. Have you got latex inner tubes, have you got aero wheels power meter, have you optimized your position on the bike and become as aero as possible and clothing and things like that, because they're all things that offer greater performance more bang for your buck, so I'd probably do those things first but it's up to you. That's one of the great things about freedom of will. Now, the next question is from Luke Jackson "I was supposed to be doing the Fred Whitton for the first time this year but it's been canceled. I live in the Lakes. That's at Lake District in the UK, national park, beautiful place. He knows how hard it will be but can I give him any advice on completing it? I love that event, man. I've done it a few times and I love the Lake District. It's one of my favorite places and in fact, it's going to be one of the first places I go to when the lock-down ends because it's such a beautiful part of the UK. I'd say, if you live in the Lake District, you have no excuse. Sorry but I'ds they practice on the 30% hills as much as you can. Get used to riding there's really steep climbs and build the strength required for that. Also, fit a 32 cassette but you probably knew those things already. For anyone else that doesn't know, that's the best advice. Next question is from Lukas Svendsen. “Hello guys, love your knowledge. As a student and always on a budget, will it be smarter for me to buy a bike with Shimano 105 instead of Ultegra because of the savings when certain parts start to wear out and need replacing?” Yes, I think you're right like, when you look at the cost of, say, a Shimano 105 chain over an Ultegra one, it's like twice the price. Like, the cassette, it's like twice the price. Is it twice the performance? I'd say no. The Ultegra one, and that is slightly lighter. The Ultegra chain, it's been shown to be slightly lower friction. It's slightly faster, maybe like a watt or something but very little. Yes, twice the price but it's not twice the watt saved. If you're on a budget, I would definitely say get 105. When I was a student and I was on a budget, I bought a Cannondale SuperSix and I'd save up for ages to get it, with 105 on it, and it was amazing. It did everything I needed it to do and yes, I think if I were to make that choice again, I would buy 105 at that point in my life again. Also, 105 is so good, like we've done, I don't know if you've seen it but I did a video with Psy, where we did a blind test where we were trying to guess if we were using Dura-Ace mechanical or 105 and genuinely, can't tell the difference. 11 speed 105 is so good these days that the shifting is absolutely, is brilliant, so I'll go for it. Save your money and you can always put the money saved towards something else like aero wheels, which will probably give you a more bang for your buck in terms of performance than the difference from the step up from 105 to Ultegra. Yes, I would think along those lines. Plus, you can always potentially upgrade your 105 shifters in bits and pieces further down the line if you get a bit more money or whatever. Yes, go with that. 105 is a mint, probably. Anush LTI. Yes, Anush. “Could I use a pinch of salt in water while training indoors instead of using salt tablets?” Yes, you can or you could also do it when you're training outdoors if it's a hot day. It doesn't really matter. If you're feeling particularly middle-class, may I recommend Maldon sea salt flakes? It's quite a nice salt that. Yes, also bear in mind that if you're making food, a lot of food does have salt in it as well, so you are actually getting quite a bit of sodium from. If you have rice cakes there's quite a bit of salt in the cheese that you would put in the standard recipes. You're getting salt there. Even if you're having energy bars, a lot of them do contain salts and gels and things but yes, it's a cost-effective thing, bit of salt in your water bowl, go for it. Next question is from Jabin Lim, who says, “Hey there. I recently changed my KMC X11 SL DLC chain, and the chain keeps skipping on the smallest sprocket. Is it possible that my smallest sprocket has worn out or is it just that the chain needs to stretch a bit more? Thank you.” Oh, well, it's not down to chain stretch. You don't want your chain to stretch, and someone pointed this out correctly. We often talk about chain stretch and chain wear. It's not technically the chain stretching. It is the wear within the chain links. It could be that your cassette is slightly worn, so if you've just replaced your chain and your previous chain worn out a lot, it's like worn out, the cassette as well, at which point, you do then need to change your cassette and your chain at the same time usually. You can usually get away with the chain rings though. They should be okay but it could also be down to the set up if you reenact. I'd pay attention to this. Whether it being the smallest ring at the back, it could be that your lower limit screw needs adjusting. If you turn the lower limit screw or move the derailleur inboard and outboard and you need to get that perfectly in line with the smallest cogs. Check your lower limit is set properly. We've got videos that can show you how to do that as well or if it's not the limit, the limit's fine, it could just be the indexing needs to be just tweaked and sorted out. While that wasn't a problem with your old chain running, now you've fitted a new one, it just needs to be tweaked slightly. It could just be that. Let us know how you get on and if you have any issues with that just drop us another comment in the comment section. Next question is from Marcus Antonio Emia who asks, "Hey, is it possible or okay to ride fixed gear or track bikes in a busy or traffic street?" I would say no. [chuckles] Don't do it. I don't know what the rules are in every country in the world but I do know what we have in the UK and that is under the Highway Code. Your bike has to have brakes. If your bike doesn't have brakes, technically it should be fitted with lights at night as well and reflectors during the day. The issue you've got is if you are in an accident which is probably the likelihood of that is going to be increased by not having brakes especially when you want to run on a busy street, then you become liable in the eyes of the law and culpable for causing the accident because your bike wasn't properly fitted with brakes. I would say, don't do it. Some people think they're cool and it's a hipster thing to do and ride fixies in the street but unless it's got a brake on it don't do it, I would be what I'd advise. The next question is from JPLSenpai who says, "Hey guys, quick question regarding cleats. I recently noticed that one of mine is way more worn out that the other possibly because that's the one I disengage with when I come to a stop. If this is the case what's better, swap it with the other side shoe [scoffs] or swap them over, or just buy new cleats and replace both at the same time?" I would just buy a new pair and just replace both at the same time. It's important you do this and it's something that I've fallen foul of in the past, years ago. A lot of people don't realize how much their cleats have worn. Once your cleat has worn lots, what you'll find is that the shoe will move a lot more within the pedal and it'll be a lot looser. What this can cause then is bad knee alignment and then that can cause knee issues and aggravation further down the line as you're peddling along. Yes, always replace your cleats because they do become loose. Anyway, just replace both at the same time. The last question this week is from Zachary Starkey who says, "I'm riding on tubeless tires for the first time." Nice one. "From the look of your other videos there are a lot of great benefits. However, I'm wondering, is it okay to put tubes in them if there's a puncture and it won't seal? Any downsides to running tubes inside of tubeless tires?" Well, the downside is that you don't get the benefits of the tubeless system. You don't have that puncture protection of the sealant. You don't the lower weight of sealant compared to a new tube and you don't have the lower rolling resistance of a sealant compared to running tubes which adds a bit more friction although some people say that's more down to the construction of the tire than the inclusion of the inner tube, but that's another story altogether. The other downside is that trying to get the tire off, trying to get a tubeless tire off requires a bit more effort than getting a normal clincher off and that's usually because the bead is stiffer. This is because it needs to create an airtight seal against the wheel so it usually has a stiffer construction. That can be a bit more difficult but if you really need to put in a tube then that's what you do. It can be done. I've done it in the past but very rarely does it happen because tubeless is if you use a good sealant that seals most punctures. Then, if you get a puncture that won't seal you can out a tire plug in there as well and that usually gets it to seal most of the time. Very rarely do you get to the point where you've to put an inner tube but in my experience, it can happen. There, now you know but I would say tubeless is great. Keep up to it. Well, I hope you've enjoyed this edition of the GCN Tech Clinic. As ever, if you want a sports channel, GCN shop.globalcyclingnetwork, and grab yourself a mug and give this video a like if you enjoyed my Baz Luhrmann reference right at the start of the video. I'd like to say I got that right in one take but that would be a lie. [laughs] All right. See you next time. AskGCNTech, that's how you get your questions in. Ciao.

English: Hello, everybody, my name is Markiplier and welcome back to the Try Not to Laugh challenge. Now I know, there's been some talk out there. "Oh...! The try not to laugh videos. They're just Mark laughing for ten minutes straight!" (well i mean it's true) Well hey...oww first, oww my pride and then number two.....how dare you! *burp* (ew Mark) I ain't gonna be... Tolerating any of that bullshit talk anymore! (sure) I'm going to be doing this particular Try not to laugh and if I even crack a smile I will... I will... *slurps coke* I bet again, I bet then I'm not gonna laugh! and if I do... if I do...(you will mark) Then Tyler and Ethan can punish me again. Maybe if I crack a smile that'll be okay, but we'll play it by ear (get your punishments ready) Okay, cool. Alright sound good? Alright. Here. We go! *Wait - Ying Yang Twins* Hey how you doing little momma let me whisper in your ear. it's free real estate *Mark trying to keep himself from laughing* (almost instant failure for the umpteenth time) *Sightly clears throat* ...Not funny... (Suuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuure Mark) Spanish: Hola, todo el mundo, mi nombre es Markiplier y bienvenido de nuevo al intento de no reír challenge Ahora sé, ha habido una conversación por ahí. "¡Oh! El intento de no reír videos. ¡Están riendo por diez minutos seguidos! Bueno hey ... ow primero, ow mi orgullo y el número dos ..... cómo te atreves! * Eructo * (Sí, solo déjalo todo fuera smol Markimoo) No voy a ser ¡Tolerar más de esa mentira! Voy a estar haciendo esto en particular Trata de no reír y si incluso romper una sonrisa voy a ... Voy a ... * sips coke * * Tratando de evitar más detalles de las consecuencias de la risa * Apuesto otra vez, apuesto a que no voy a reír! Y si lo hago si lo hago Entonces Tyler y Ethan pueden castigarme de nuevo. Tal vez si rompo una sonrisa que va a estar bien, pero vamos a jugar por el oído Está bien, bien. ¿Suena bien? Bien. Aquí. ¡Nosotros vamos! * Ying Yang Twins-Wait empieza a jugar * Es Bienes Raíces Gratuitos ;) * Mark tratando de evitar reírse * (Oo boi estamos en un buen comienzo) ...No es divertido... Arabic: مرحبا بكم جميعا، اسمي مارك بلاير وانا أعرف انه هناك بعض الشائعات التي تقول.. "ان فيديوهات تحدي عدم الضحك هي عبارة عن مارك يضحك لمدة عشر دقائق" حسنا، اولا: لقد جرحت كبريائي وثانيا.. لن اقوم.. بالتغاضي عن ايا من هذا الهراء بعد الان! سأقوم في هذا تحدي عدم الضحك هذا خاصة سأقوم بـ.... واراهن مجددا انني لن اضحك! وإن ضحكت.. سيقوم تايلر وإيثان بمعاقبتي مجددا حسنا، رائع انها عقارات مجانية ليس مضحكا... Polish: Cześć wszyscy, ja jestem Markiplier i witam znowu w Spróbuj się nie zaśmiać. Teraz wiem, że niektórzy rozmawiali o tym. "Och! Filmik z spróbuj się nie zaśmiać. One są tylko o tym, jak Mark śmieje się cały czas, przez 10 minut" Więc hej.. Oł, po pierwsze - mam dumę, a po drugie... Jak możecie! *beknięcie* (Tak, wypuść to z siebie mały Markimoo :3) Nie będę... Tolerował tych gównianych rozmów! Będę robił w szczególności "Spróbuj się ZAŚMIAĆ" i jeśli nawet się uśmiechnę, będę... *pije cole, próbując uniknąc dalszych konsekwencji uśmiechu* Znowu się założę, znowu się założę, że się nie zaśmieję! I jeśli się zaśmieję, jeśli to zrobię... Wtedy Tyler i Ethan będą mogli mnie, znowu, ukarać, to będzie w porządku... Ok, fajnie. A więc, brzmi dobrze? Dobra. W drogę! To jest darmowa nieruchomość ;) *Ściśle "czyści" gardło* ...Nie śmieszne... Bulgarian: Здравейте всички , казвам се Markiplier и добре дошли на "Опитай да не се засмееш" Сега , знам че се говори накъде там : " О , Предизвикателството Опитай да не се засмееш.С Марк който се смее в продължение на 10 минути" Ей , хей ... ау първо , ау гордостта ми , и номер две ... как смееш! Няма да съм този който толерира глупостите ви повече ! Аз правя това предизвикателство с цел и ако дори се усмихна аз ще... аз ще... Обзалагам се , че този път няма да се засмея , и ако го направя ... ако го направя тогава Тайлър и Итън ще ме накажат. Може би ако се усмихна всичко ще е наред , но ще играя по ухо Добре , супер .Чудесно , звучи добре? Ето . Започваме 1 Това е безплатен истински имот ...Не е смешно... Malay (macrolanguage): Hello, semua orang, nama saya Markiplier dan selamat kembali kepada cabaran Cuba Untuk Tidak (sesekali) Ketawa. Sekarang saya tahu, telah ada beberapa gosip di luar sana. "Oh! Video cuba untuk tidak ketawa. Hanya Mark yang ketawa sepanjang sepuluh minit! " (Macam tu nooooh) Well hey ... oww pertama, oww kebanggaan saya dan kemudian nombor dua ..... saya cabar anda! *sendawa* Saya tidak akan.. Bertolak ansur dengan kata-kata yang mengarut lagi! Saya akan melakukan Cuba untuk tidak ketawa ini dan jika saya senyuman walaupun sedikit saya akan ... Saya akan ... * minum coke * Saya bertaruh lagi, saya bertaruh yang saya tak akan ketawa! dan jika saya lakukan... jika saya lakukan Kemudian Tyler dan Ethan boleh menghukum saya lagi. Mungkin jika saya senyuman sedikit okay lagi, tetapi kita akan bermain dengan telinga Okay, hebat. baiklah bunyi yang baik? Di sini. Kita pergi! * mmmmmmm * PENDAFTARAN HARTANAH PERCUMA SIAK * Mark cuba untuk menahan dirinya daripada ketawa * * cover line lagi tuhh * ...Tidak kelakar... Swedish: Hej allihopa mitt namn är Markiplier och välkommen tillbaka till Try not to laugh challenge Nu vet jag, det har varit en del prat ute. "Åh! Try not to laugh videoklippen är bara Mark som skrattar i tio minuter Jo hej ... Oww först Oww min stolthet och sedan nummer två ..... Hur vågar du! *rap* Jag kommer inte att Tolerera något av det hära skitsnacket längre! Jag ska göra en speciell Try not to laugh där om jag ler jag ska... Jag slår vad igen, jag slår vad om att jag inte kommer skratta! Och om jag gör, om jag gör Då kan Tyler och Ethan straffa mig igen. Kanske om jag knäcker ett leende så spelar det ingen roll, men vi spela på gehör Okej bra. Okej Låter det bra? Här. Vi går! * Yin Yang Twins-Wait börjar spela * Det är gratis Real Estate;) * Mark försöker hålla sig för skratt * * Sightly rensar halsen * ...Inte roligt... Finnish: Hei kaikki minun nimeni on Markiplier ja tervetuloa takaisin "Yritä olla nauramatta" haasteeseen Tiedän, että on ollut puhetta Oh! "Yritä olla nauramatta" videoissa Mark vain nauraa kymmenen minuuttia putkeen Mutta hei.. Auts! Ja ensiksi auts! Ylpeyteni Ja sitten toiseksi. Kuinka kehtaatkaan Minä en aio sietää tuota hevonpaskapuhetta enää! Aion tehdä tämän nimenomaisen "Yritä olla nauramatta" Ja jos minä edes murrun hymyyn Minä... Vaikkaan uudestaan Veikkaan... Että en naura Ja jos nauran... Jos nauran... Sitten Taylor ja Ethan saavat rankaista minua taas Ehkä jos vähän hymyilen niin se ei haittaa Okei hyvä Okei. Kuullostaa hyvältä? Okei nyt mennään! Ei hauskaa Chinese: 哈囉 大家好 我是Markipiler 歡迎回到 "不要笑大挑戰" 我知道 有些人會說 "喔 不要笑大挑戰 那就只是看Mark在那邊笑十分鐘而已" 喔嘿〠_〠 噢...(ಥ_ಥ)首先 你傷到我的自尊 然後第二件事 豈有此理 (打嗝)ლ（´∀`ლ） 我再也不想... 容忍你們在那邊講些緋言流語 這次我會特別嘗試不要笑出來 甚至萬一我只要露出個微笑 我就....（・∀・） （喝飲料穩一穩(oﾟωﾟo)） 我打賭 賭我絕不會笑出來 如果我笑了...如果我真的笑了 那Tyler和Ethan就能再懲罰我一次 或許露出個微笑無傷大雅 要笑出聲才算（譯者：啥） 好的 沒問題吧? 那就開始吧! 嘿小妞過得如何 讓妳享受我在耳邊的輕聲細語 告訴妳一件感興趣的事 就是免費房地產 Mark(́つ◞౪◟⊂‵) ...不好笑(*˘︶˘*) French: Salut tout le monde, mon nom est Markiplier! et nous revoilà avec le challenge "Essayez de ne pas rire" Et je sais qu'il y a eu pas mal de discussions "Oh ! les challenges "essayez de ne pas rires" sont juste sur Mark qui rigole pendant 10 minutes!" Et bien, déjà, aïe pour ma fierté et ensuite... comment osez vous! *rote* Je ne tolérerai plus ces conneries à l'avenir! Je vais relever ce défi "Essaye de ne pas rire" et si je ne fais que sourire je vais... *attrape sa canette* Encore une fois, je parie que je ne vais rire! Et si je ris, si je ris... Alors Tyler et Ethan pourront me punir à nouveau. Peut être que si je lâche un sourire ça sera ok, mais on va la jouer à l'oreille. Ok, cool. Tout semble bon? Très bien, on y va! *Yin Yang Twins-Wait commence à se jouer* C'est de l'immobilier gratuit ;) *Retient sa réaction* ...Pas drôle... Danish: Hej alle sammen, mit navn er Markiplier og velkommen tilbage til Prøv Ikke At Grine Udfordring. Nu ved jeg, at der har været noget snak derude "Oh! *åh* Prøv Ikke Ikke At Grine Udfordring videoer. De er bare Mark der griner i ti minutter lige ud!" Men hey... Av for det første, av min stolthed, og så nummer to... hvor vover du! *bøvs* (Ja, bare luk det ud lille Markimoo) Jeg kommer ikke til at... Tolerere noget som helst af det lorte snak mere! Jeg kommer til at lave denne særlige Prøv Ikke At Grine Udfordring og hvis jeg så meget som laver et smil, så vil jeg.. vil jeg... *sipper cola* *sipper cola prøver at undvige flere detaljer med konsekvensen af at grine* Jeg vædder igen, jeg vædder så at jeg ikke vil grine og hvis jeg gør Så kan Tyler og Ethan straffe mig igen. Måske hvis jeg laver et smil, så er det okay, men vi spiller på fornemmelsen Okay, cool. Okay lyder det godt? Okay. Så går vi igang! *Yin Yang Twins-Wait begynder at spille* Det er gratis ejendom *Mark prøver at holde ham selv fra at grine* (oo boi det er en god begyndelse) *hoster stille* ...Ikke sjovt... Portuguese: Olá, pessoal, meu nome é Markiplier e sejam bem vindos de volta para o desafio Tente Não Rir. Eu sei, tem havido alguma conversa por aí. "Oh! Os videos de tente não rir são só o Mark rindo sem parar por dez minutos" Bem hey... Ai primeiro, ai meu orgulho e depois número dois: como você se atreve? * Burp * Eu não vou... Tolerar mais essas besteiras! Eu vou fazer esse Tente Não Rir e se eu abrir um sorriso eu vou ... * Bebe, tentando evitar maiores detalhes sobre as consequências de rir * Aposto novamente, eu aposto que eu não vou rir! E se eu o fizer, se eu rir Então Tyler e Ethan pode me punir novamente. Talvez se eu abrir um sorriso esteja de boas, mas vamos tocar de ouvido (gíria = dançar conforme a música) Okay, legal. Parece bom? Certo, aqui vamos nós! * Yin Yang Twins - Wait começa a tocar * São imóveis gratuitos ;) *Mark tenta não rir* *Mark tenta não rir* * Limpa a garganta * ... Não tem graça ... Russian: Всем привет, меня зовут Markiplier и добро пожаловать в Попробуй не засмеяться Челендж! Я помню, были разговоры, типа: "Оу, видео про Попробуй не засмеяться. Те, в которых Марк просто десять минут смеётся!" Но эй.. Во первых, ОЙ, моя гордость, а во вторых.. как вы смеете! *Рык* Я больше не собираюсь терпеть подобную фигню Я буду делать Попробуй не засмеяться без смеха и даже если я улыбнусь, я... Даю слово, даю слово что я не засмеюсь! И если я это сделаю, если сделаю Тогда Тайлер и Итан смогут наказать меня. Может если я заломаю улыбку будет нормально, но мы играем на слух Ок, хорошо. Звучит хорошо? Отлично. Поехали! * Играет Yin Yang Twins-Wait * Это бесплатная недвижимость ;) *Марк сдерживает смех* (Неплохое начало) *Прочищает горло* Не смешно Ukrainian: Привіт всім, з вами Маркплаєр і вітаю вас знову у "Спробуй не усміхнутися челендж". Зараз я розумію, про що люди зараз розмовляють. "Оххх...! Спробуй не усміхнутися відео. У ніх Марк постійно рже десь по 10 хвилин. Нууу щож... це по перш моя гордість, а у другому... ЯК ТИ ПОСМІГ?! (Марк ригає) Я не буду більш... Терпимим до цієй бовтовни більш НІЯК! Я зараз буду робити 100 процентовий Не усміхнись челедж і якщо я усміхнусь чи улибця буде на моєму обличчі мені прийдется... (Марк п'є колу) Я не буду тепер усміхатися, та якщо я це не сможу зробити... Тоді Тайле та Ефан покарають мене. Може якщо у мене буде улибця, то я буду у порядку, тількі ми будимо грати з навушниками Ну добре, звучить якістно? Добрею. Ї ми ідемо Почекайте - Їін Їан Близняшки ( ͡° ╭͜ʖ╮ ͡° ) (Як себе пожуваєшь невилика дівчина, дай мені пошептувати тобі у вухо.) Це правдиве простатка (Дон з аДону) (Марк пробує не усміхатися від сміху) (Пропершив горло) ...Несмішно... Czech: Ahoj, všichni! Jmenuji se Markiplier a vítám vás zpět u výzvy Snaž se nesmát Vím že tady byly řeči typu: "Ou, Snaž se nesmát videa. To je jen Mark smějící se deset minut v kuse!" Dobře, hej, zaprvé, au moje hrdost a za druhé... jak se opovažujete! *říhnutí* Nebudu... Už nebudu mít toleranci k těm sra*kám. Budu dělat tento konkrétní Pokus se nesmát, a i když se jenom usměju, tak.. tak.. *usrkne colu* Vsázím se znovu a vsadím se, že se nebudu smát, a jestli ano, jestli ano Tak mě Tyler a Ethan můžou znovu potrestat Možná jestli se usměju, tak to bude v pohodě. Ale budeme hrát podle sluchu Okay, cool. Dobře, zvuk v pohodě? V pořádku Jdeme na to! * Yin Yang Twins-Wait začne hrát * *Trochu si odkašle* ...To není vtipné... Vietnamese: Hế lô mấy cưng! Tên chụy là Markiplier *gãi mũi - ing* chào mừng mấy cưng quay lại với thử thách nhịn cười Và chụy biết là có mấy cưng đang bình loạn ngoài kia là "Mấy cái video thử thách nhịn cười chỉ là thằng Mark cười hết 10 phút" Ê đm Chụy kiềm chế cái nụ cười trong mình và cái thứ hai, chụy thách mấy cưng đếi *ợ like a boss* Chụy sẽ không có nổi giận và nói ba thứ xàm lờ nữa Chụy sẽ làm cái video "Try not to Laugh" (để tên gốc hay hơn nên mấy bạn thông cảm) Và nếu mà chụy nở nụ cười... Chụy sẽ... *hết văn - uống nước lấy văn* Lần này chụy cá, chụy cá là chụy ứ có cười nhé Nếu mà chụy cười Chụy cười ý Thằng Tyler sẽ nện chụy ngay (live stream 16' nhé Mark :)) ) Nếu mà chụy cười hé cái chắc ứ sao đâu (đm ăn gian ._.) Được rồi đếi! Nghe ổn vcl ấy chứ (ổn đéo -.-) ! Triển thôi mấy bé *chờ tẹo* *lầm bầm clgt* *buscu mouth ._.* (canh 0:53 rồi pause nhé) Hàng bất động sàn free nhé (clgt ._.) Dutch: Hallo iedereen, mijn naam is Markiplier en welkom terug bij de Try Not to Laugh uitdaging Ik weet het, ik heb de roddels gehoord: "Oh, de Try Not to Laugh filmpjes is gewoon Mark die voor tien minuten lacht!" Kom op nou... Auw, ten eerste mijn trots en ten tweede... hoe durf je! *burp* Ik ga niet langer deze bullshit roddels tolereren! Ik ga deze Try Not to Laugh doen en als ik ook maar grinnik zal ik... *drinkt cola* I zweer, ik zweer nog eens dat ik niet ga lachen! En doe ik dat wel, dan... Dan mogen Tyler en Ethen mij weer straffen. Misschien mag glimlachen dan wel, maar dat zien we wel. Oké, cool. Klinkt goed? Oké, hier gaan we dan! *'Yin Yang Twins - Wait' speelt* It's Free Real Estate *Schraapt keel lichtjes* Niet grappig... Indonesian: Halo semuanya namaku Markiplier dan selamat datang di "Try Not to Laugh Challenge" Sekarang aku tahu, ada beberapa pembicaraan di luar sana. "Oh video Try Not to Laugh hanya Mark tertawa sampai 10 menit" Hey aw- yang pertama aw harga diriku dan yang kedua waninya kamu *jijik* aku tidak akan toleransi omong kosong itu lagi Aku akan melakukan Try Not to Laugh ini dan apabila aku bahkan tersenyum aku akan- (mikir) aku taruhan lagi, pasti aku tidak akan tertawa dan apabila iya, apabila aku tertawa Ya Tyler dan Ethan bisa menghukumku lagi mungkin jika aku tersenyum gapapa, tapi kita ikuti aturannya oke, baik, baiklah, oke aja?, ini diaaa [hey apa kabar, biarkan aku berbisik di telinga mu] ini real estate bebas tidak lucu Persian: سلام به همگی،مارکیپلیر هستم و به یه چالش نخندیدن دیگه خوش اومدین و میدونم که یکم حرف هست که باید بزنیم توی چالش های نخندین،مارک تقریبا کلشو میخنده خب هی...یک،ذات من همینجوریه و دو چطور جرات کردی دیگه تحمل این مزخرفات رو ندارم ایندفعه یه چالش نخندیدن ویژه داریم و حتی اگه یه لبخند بیاد رو صورتتون ...من باز شرط میبندم،که نخواهم خندید و اگه بخندم اگه بخندم تایلر و ایتن باز میتونن تنبیه م کنن شاید لبخند بزنم ولی هیچ وقت صداشو خنده مو نمیشنوین خب،حله صدام خوب میاد؟ اوکی بزنم بریم این چیز واقعا رایگانه بامزه نبود German: Hallo zusammen, mein Name ist Markiplier und willkommen zurück zur Versuch nicht zu Lachen Challenge. Ich weiß das manche sagen. ''Oh! Die Versuch nicht zu lachen Challange ist nur Mark wie er 10 Minuten durchgehend lacht'' Ok hey ... autsch, erstens: aua, mein stolz, zweitens: Wie könnt ihr es wagen! *rölps* Ich werde dieses bullshit gelabere nicht mehr tollerieren! Ich werde dieses besondere "Versuch nicht zu lachen" machen und wenn ich auch nur ein bisschen lächle werde ich...werde ich... *trinkt Cola* Ich wette nochmal! Ich wette, dass ich nicht lachen werde! (Ja sicher ;D) Sollte ich doch sollte ich doch Dann können Tyler und Ethan mich mal wieder bestrafen Vielleicht wenn ich ein wenig lächle wäre das in Ordnung Ok, cool, klingt gut. Alles klar, jetzt geht`s los! *Lied fängt an zu spielen ...Nicht witzig... Italian: Ciao a tutti, io sono Markiplier e bentornati alla prova a non ridere challenge Allora, so che ci sono state delle voci in giro "Oh! Un'altra prova a non ridere challenge. È semplicemente Mark che ride per 10 minuti di fila" Bene... per prima cosa, ouch il mio orgoglio e per secondo... come ti permetti! *rutto* Io non tollererò più queste stronzate Farò questa particolare Prova a non ridere challenge e se solo sorriderò, io...io... *beve una coca cola* *continua a bere per evitare di spiegare le conseguenze della sua risata* Ci scommetto di nuovo, scommetto che non riderò! E se lo farò... Tyler e Ethan mi puniranno di nuovo. Forse se sorrido e basta non servirà alcuna punizione, ma giudicheremo ascoltando Ok, bene. Tutto apposto? Ok. Si comincia! *incomincia Yin Yang Twins - Wait* Immobili gratuiti ;) *Mark cerca di non ridere* (bella partenza direi) *Si schiarisce la gola* ...Non è divertente... Turkish: Herkese Merhaba Ben Markiplier ve Gülmeme Challenge'a hoş geldiniz Oralardaki dönen sohbetleri biliyorum, "Ooh, gülmeme challenge videoları. Mark onlara 10 dakika boyunca gülüyor." (haklılar) Peki, Birincisi, ow- gururum ow. İkincisi, Ne cürretle? (Geğirme xD) Artık ben bu boka tolerans gösteremeyeceğim! Bu gülmemeye çalışma şeyini düzgünce yapıcam ve eğer gülümsersem Ben... ..? Tekrar! Tekrar gülmeyeceğime bahse girerim! Eğer gülersem Eğer gülersem! Tyler ve Ethan bana tekrar ceza verecekler Bir gülümsemem gelirse sorun olmaz belki Tamam! Güzel! Kulağa hoş geliyormu? Tamam! HADİ BAŞLAYALIIIM *Yin Yang Twins-Wait* (Seksüel derecede fısıldamalar (İşte şimdi başlıyoruz) Komik değil. German: *unheimliche Musik* *räuspert sich* *piano /schlecht gespielt* Nein! Nicht witzig! Das ist nicht was ich als witzig bezeichnen würde! Nicht witzig! Möchte ich wirklich wissen was das hier ist? Hank Hill: 'Verdammt noch mal! Ich mach dich so fertig!' 'Mit der Macht meines Standes' 'Propran Alptraum!' *Kampfgeräusche* Swedish: * Eerie musik * * skottlossning ersätts med Gabe skällande * * Gabe skällande är ersatt med skottlossning * * Mark försöker hålla sig för skratt igen * *harklar sig* * Piano spelas dåligt * * Mark försöker hålla sig för skratt genom att göra munnen liten * Nej! Inte roligt! Inte vad jag skulle kalla rolig! Inte roligt! Måste jag vill veta vad det är? Hank Hill: "Jävla skit! jag ska slå skiter ur dig" "Med kraften av min monter!" "Propane mardröm!" * Stans ljud med Hank Hill säger "vad" * Finnish: Buf! HAU HAU HAU HAUHAUHAUHAU HAUHAU HAUHAUHAU Ei Ei hauska Ei mitä kutsuisin hauskaksi Ei hauska Haluanko tietää mikä tämä on? wadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwadwad Ukrainian: (мрачний музон) (Вистрили з автомитичной зброі у котрой звуки собаки Габена) (Гейб лає зі звуком вийстрола) Марк питається не сміятися... знову... -_- (Першить у голі) (Путин грає на піанині дуже погано) (Дуууже погано...) (Ще поганіше...) (Це вашко слухати без сміху) (Марк зжав губи у трубоньку, щоб не усміхатись) (Непогана тактика Марк) (Але я знаю що ти скоро будеш усміхатись) Ніііі, це не дає мені усміхнутися! Ніяк не дає! Не смішно! Хочу ли я знати що це!? Ханк Хілл: "О БОЖЕ МІЙ! Я НАДЕРУ ТОБІ ДУПУ! "Якаж сила скривається за-зі мною" "НАСТІЙНЕ ПЕКЛО!" (Ханк Хінк пиздить когось з зависщим голосом) French: *Musique en fond, doublée par les aboiements modifiés du chien* *Racle légèrement sa gorge* *Notes de piano, avec beaucoup d'erreurs* Nan! Pas drôle! Ce n'est pas quelque chose que je qualifierais de drôle! Pas drôle! Est-ce que j'ai envie de savoir ce que c'est? Hank Hill : "Bon Dieu! Je vais te botter le cul" "Avec la puissance de ma posture!" "Propane Nightmare!" *Bruits de coups de poings avec Hank Hill disant "what"* Chinese: (影片裡槍聲換成小狗Gabe的叫聲) (小狗Gabe的叫聲被換成槍聲) (糟糕的鋼琴音樂) 「普丁在等待與習近平會面時彈鋼琴」 (糟糕的鋼琴音樂) 不！不好笑！甚至都不及格！不－－好笑！ ...我真的想知道這是什麼鬼嗎？ Hank Hill: "該死的 我要踢爆你的屁股" "用我堅持的力量" "丙烷－－夢魘!" (拳擊聲加上Hank Hill說What) Mark：(ÒωÓױ) Portuguese: *Som de tiros substituído por latidos* *Gabe late, mas seu latidos são trocados por sons de tiros* * Mark tenta conter o riso ... novamente * *limpa a garganta* (Deixando de não rir através da tosse) *Música de piano muito ruim* Não! Não é engraçado! Não é o que eu chamaria de engraçado! Não é engraçado! Eu quero saber o que é isso? Hank Hill: "Maldito seja! Eu vou chutar o seu traseiro" "Com o poder da minha posição!" "Pesadelo de Propano!" *Ruídos de socos com Hank Hill dizendo "o que"* Russian: Гав! Гав! Гав! *Множественное Гав* *Звуки выстрелов* *Марк снова пытается не засмеяться..* *снова прочищает горло* *очень плохая игра на пианино* Нет! Не смешно! Нет ничего смешного! Не смешно! Хочу ли я знать, что это? Хэнк Хилл: "Боже, я сейчас надеру тебе зад!" "С силой моего станда!" (Отсылка к JoJo's Bizarre Adventure) "Propane Nightmare!" *Звуки ударов вперемешку со словами "Что" * Danish: *Eerie musik med JFK..? I baggrunden vov! vov! vov! *heck* *Mark prøver at tilbageholde grin...igen* *hoster svagt* (fejler med at prøve at grine igennem host) (meget dårlig klaver musik) *klaver lyde* niks! Ikke sjov! Ikke hvad jeg ville kalde sjov! Ikke sjov! (Stop med at lyve) Har jeg lyst til at vide hvad det her er? (Nej) Hank Hill: "For helvede! Jeg vil sparke dig i røven" "Med kraften fra min stilling!" "Det rene mareridt!" *slå lyde med Hank Hill som siger "what"* Italian: *Musica misteriosa di sottofondo* *cane che abbiaia ai colpi di pistola* *Mark cerca di non ridere...di nuovo* *si schiarisce la gola* (Pianoforte suonato male) No! Non è divertente! Non è questo che io chiamo divertimento! Non è divertente! Voglio davvero sapere che cos'è questo? Hank Hill: "Per la miseria! Adesso ti faccio il culo" "Con il potere della mia posizione!" "Incubo di propanoo!!" *rumore di pugni* Polish: *Eerie muzyka z JFK..? W tle zaś... Gabe* *Oczyszcza gardło (nie potrafiąc się zaśmiać przez ten kaszel)* *hałasy fortepianu* (Tu obserwujemy, co Putin robi przed spotkaniem z prezydentem Chin) *zły fortepian kontynuuje* (Tak swoją drogą to twarz Marka jest od tego chyba śmieszniejsza xD) Nie! Nie śmieszne! Teraz czemu mam to nazwać śmiesznym! Nie śmieszne (przestań kłamać Mark) Czy ja chcę wiedzieć, co to jest? Hank Hill: Jasna cholera! Skopię Ci twoje dupsko!" "Z pomocą mojego stanowiska!" "Koszmar z Prochem" "Uderzające dźwięki z Hankiem Hillem mówiącym "What!"* Bulgarian: Не ! Не е смешно! Не е това което ще нарека смешно! Не е смешно! Наистина ли искам да видя какво е това? Ханк Хил : " Да му се не знае ! Ще ти сритам задника" "Със силата на моята стойка" "Пропанов Кошмар" English: *Eerie music* *gunshots are replaced with Gabe the dog barking* *Gabe barking is replaced with gunshots* *Mark tries to restrain laughs...again* *clears throat* *Putin playing piano poorly* *continued terrible piano, by Vladimir Putin* *Mark trying to restrain laughs by making his mouth tiny* (10/10 piano Putin) Nope! Not funny! Not what I would call funny! Not funny!(not really funny)c Do I wanna know what this is? (JOJO) Hank Zeppili: "God dang it! I'm gonna kick your ass" "With the power of my stand!" "『Propane Nightmare!』" *Hwat intensifies* Indonesian: *putin bermain piano sambil menunggu bertemu Xi Jinping* nope, tidak lucu, tidak lucu bagiku TIDAAAAK LUCU Apa aku ingin tau apa ini? [Astaga, aku akan menghajarmu] Arabic: لا! ليس مضحكا! هذا ليس ما اطلق عليه مضحكا! ليس مضحكا! هل اريد معرفة ما هذا؟ Turkish: (RIP Gabe :( ) *Mark gülmemeye çalışıyor* *Boğazını temizliyor*(Boğazını temizliyormuş gibi yaparken gülmesini saklamayı beceemiyor) (Yazı: Putin Xi Jinping'i beklerken piano çaldı) (Ekşi piano çalımı) (Daha fazla ekşi piano çalımı) Hayır! Komik değil! Komik diyebileceğim birşey değil! (Bırak yalan söylemeyi :D) Koooomik değil! Bunun ne olduğunu bilmek istiyor muyum ? (Hayır) Hank Hill: Kahretsin! Kıçını tekmeleyeceğim *Propane Nightmare* *Hank Hill "ne" derken yumruk sesleri geliyor* Spanish: * Música misteriosa con JFK ..? En el fondo Bork Bork Bork *infierno* * Mark intenta contener las risas ... de nuevo * (fallando a no reír a través de la tos) (Muy mala música de piano) * ruidos de piano * ¡No! ¡No es divertido! No lo que yo llamaría divertido! ¡No es divertido! (Deja de mentir) ¿Quiero saber qué es esto? (No) Hank Hill: "¡Dios mío, voy a patearte el cul*!" -¡Con el poder de mi posición! "Pesadilla de propano!" * Ruidos de perforación con Hank Hill diciendo "qué" * Persian: نه بامزه نیست!من به این چیز نمیخندم!نه یعنی باید بدونم این چیه؟ خدا لعنتت کنه!الان پدرتو در میارم- با قدرت باور نکردنی من کابوس پروپان Dutch: *spannende muziek* *geweerschoten vervangen door blaffende hond* *Blaffende hond vervangen door geweerschoten* *Mark probeert zijn lach in te houden* *schraapt keel* *slechte pianospel* *Mark probeert zijn lach in te houden door zijn lippen samen te persen* Nope! Niet grappig! Vind ik niet grappig. Niet grappig! Wil ik wel weten wat dit is? Hank: "Godsamme, ik ga je in elkaar slaan "Met de kracht van mijn stand! "Propaan-nachtmerrie!" *slaggeluiden* Vietnamese: Đéo vui (._. đéo vui thiệt) *tml nào trên trời thế* *thêm tml nào nữa vậy* *Gabe the dog sủa - ing* *ahem* *piano LIKE A BOSS* *hay vcl* *tiếng nhạc bắt đầu trở nên tệ đi* *Mark đang thưởng thức nhạc* Ko, Không buồn cười, khổng thứ mị gọi là 'buồn cười KHÔNG BUỒN CƯỜI Mình có nên biết đây là gì không?! (có) 'Trời đất, tao sẽ đá đít mày Với sức mạnh của ta! "Propane Nightmare" *Tiếng 'what' lặp lại như tiếng đấm* 'WHATWHATWHATWHAT' *Mark cố gắng nhịn cười* Malay (macrolanguage): *muzik ngeri * * Bunyi tembakan digantikan dengan Gabe menyalak * * Gabe menyalak digantikan dengan bunyi tembakan * * Mark cuba untuk menahan ketawa ... lagi * * Membersihkan tekak * * Main piano macam haram jadah * * Mark cuba untuk menahan ketawa dengan membuat mulutnya kecil * Nope! Tidak kelakar! Tidak apa yang saya akan pangil lucu! Tidak kelakar! Adakah saya mahu tahu apa ini? Hank Hill: "Haram jadah siak, saya akan menendang pantat anda" "Dengan kuasa pendirian saya!" "Propane Nightmare!" * Bunyi menumbuk dengan Hank Hill berkata "apa" * Czech: * Děsivá hudba s JFK ..? V pozadí *střelba zbraní je nahrazena Gabovým štěkáním* *Gabovo štěkání je nahrazenou střelbou zbraní* *Mark se snaží nesmát.. zase* *odkašlává si* *Putin špatně hraje na piáno* Ani náhodou! Není to vtipné! Není to to, co bych nazval vtipné! Není to vtipné! Chci vedět, co je tohle? Hank Hill: „Bože zatraceně! Nakopu ti prdel" „Silou mého postoje!“ „Propanová noční můra!“ *zvuky úderů, zatímco Hank Hill říká „co“ * Turkish: *video yeniden başlıyor* Hayır ola-asla hey sakın bu komik olmayan videoyu tekrar başlatma Plankton: Ben bu boom işinde iyi değilim. Sandy: Biri BOOM mu dedi? [Boom] Bunun ne hakkında olduğunu bilmiyorum bu hakkında hiçbir fikrim olmadığı bahsedilen anime Adam: Çektiğimde daha büyük oluyor. Bazen, Çok fazla çekiyorum. Deriyi yırtıyorum Adam 2 : Benim babam başkasının ağzını kullanarak deriyi nasıl yırtmayacağımı öğretti Adam 1 : Bana gösterecek misin ? (Lütfen kes şunu, zavallı mark iğrendi) Adam 2 :Memnun olurum (Mark yine gülmesini belli etmemeye çalışıyor) . Kız: yeşil çay Diğer kız: Kahve Kız: Yeşil çay Diğer kız: Kahve Bulgarian: Уоу , не се замисляй сега за това , не беше смешно! Планктон: "Не съм добър с експлодиращите неща." Санди : "Да не би накой да каза експлозия?" Мммм.... Не знам за какво беше това . Това е същото аниме което мина преди малко , но нямам никаква идея "Става все по-голям когато го извадя" "Понякога , когато го извадя прекалено бързо му раздирам кожата" "Е , моят татко ми каза няколко неща като как да не раздрирам кожата като използвам устата на някого друг" "вместо ръцете си" "Ще ми покажеш ли?" "Много ще се радвам." Зелен Чай Кафе Зелен Чай... Кафе... Зелен Чай! Spanish: Comienzo de las repeticiones de video * No-ne-he- woAh HeY wOahYOu no se enciende una vez que ahora que no era gracioso! Plankton: "No soy bueno en este boom." Sandy: "¿Alguien dijo boom?" ¿Alguien dijo boom? *BAAaaNNnGG* (boom) Mmm, no sé de qué se trataba. Es el mismo anime que se acaba de hacer referencia, pero no tengo ni idea Man Boy 1: "Se hace más grande cuando me tire de él." Many Boy 2: "MMmmmmM" * Mark bufando un poco * Man Boy 1: "A veces, me tire de él tan fuerte, arranco la piel" Man Boy 2: "Bueno, mi papá me enseñó algunas cosas también como cómo no rasgar la piel usando la boca de otra persona" "' En lugar de sus propias manos" (Por favor detengan esto, pobre Markimoo se ve perturbado) Man Boy 1: "¿Me lo enseñas?" Man Boy 2: "¡Me alegraría mucho!" Me alegraría mucho. * Roundabout patadas * (Mark trata de ocultar sus risas una vez más) *se aclara la garganta* Té verde Café Té verde Café... Té verde! Arabic: لا لديك فرصة واحدة فقط "انا لست جيدا في تفجير الاشياء" هل قال احدكم تفجير؟" لا اعرف ما كان ذلك، انه نفس الانيمي الذي تمت الاشارة له مسبقا ولكني ليس لدي فكرة "انه يكبر عندما اشده" "احيانا، اشده بقوة وامزق البشرة" "حسنا، والدي علمني بعض الاشياء مثل.. كيفية عدم تمزيق البشرة عن طريق استخدام فم شخص اخر" "بدلا من استعمال يديك" "هل ستريني كيف؟" "سأكون سعيدا جدا لاريك" شاي اخضر قهوة شاي اخضر قهوة شاي اخضر! Ukrainian: "ВОООООАААААААХХХХХ" (Відео йде з самого початку) (Марк несне якусь дічь) Це було не смішно! Планктон: "Я не так якістний ідеї у плані вибуху(" Cенді: " ХТОСЬ СКАЗАВ ВИБУХ!? (Вибух) *кашель* Я незнаю що це значило, але я не усмыхнувся! Хлопчик 1: "Вона стало більш ніж я його ложив" Хлопчик 2: "мммммммм( ͡° ╭͜ʖ╮ ͡° )" (Марк усміхається...) Хлопчик 1: "Іноді я ложу це не як треба, та втрачаю свою красу" Хлопчик 2: "Нууу, мені батько сказав декілька секретів про те, як її не втрачати" "Вмісто твоїх рушнечок" Хлопчик 1: "Ти мені покажиш?" Хлопчик 2: "Я з удовольствієм це зроблю( ͡° ╭͜ʖ╮ ͡° )" (Марк знову пробує не усміхнутися) (Марк здержав себе) *почесав собі горло* *і ще раз* Polish: Baaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah! *Wideo się powtarza* Not-ne... *jakieś dźwięki wydawane przez Marka, których się nie zrozumie*... Nie dam się, to nie było w ogóle śmieszne! Plankton: "Nie jestem dobry w wybuchowych rzeczach." Sandy: "Czy ktoś powiedział wybuch?" *taki troszkę sporawy wybuch* Mmm... Nie wiem, o czym to było. To było to samo anime, o którym była mowa, ale nie mam pomysłu. *zaczyna się runda* Facet 1: "To się robi większe, gdy to ciągnę." Facet 2: "Mmmmm..." F1: "Czasem, gdy pociągnę to za mocno, to zdzieram skórę." F2: "Coż, mój tata również dotykał mnie w kilka miejsc tak, by nie zdarł skóry za pomocą czyichś ust' "Zamiast własnych dłoni" F1: "Pokażesz mi?" F2: "Chętnie! Bardzo chcę to zrobić" *Ta muzyka wkracza* <-- Ciąg Dalszy Nastąpi | \ | | *oczyszcza gardło* *znowu oczyszcza gardło* Zielona Herbata Kawa. Gurin tii. Koufia. Zielona herbata. Kafwa. Persian: نه نه هی کاری نکن تو این ویدیو بخندم نه بامزه نبود پلانکتون:تو غرش کردن زیاد ماهر نیستم سندی:کسی گفت غرش؟ نمیدونم منظور از این ویدیو چی بود.این همون انیمه س که دیدمش ولی نمیدونم مرد یک:وقتی میکشمش بزرگ تر میشه مرد دو:هممممممممم مرد یک:وقتی زیاد میکشمش،پوستمم کَنده میشه مرد دو:بابای من یه بهم گفته پوستتو با دهن بقیه نکَن و از دستات استفاده کن مرد یک:بهم نشون میدی مرد دو:خوشحال میشم چای سبز قهوه چای سبز قهوه چای سبز Swedish: "Baaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah!" start video upprepningar * inte- ne-han- woah HeY wOahYOu inte får ett varv på det nu det var inte roligt! Plankton: "Jag är inte bra på denna boom sak." Sandy: "Sa någon boom?" *explosion* Mmm jag vet inte vad det handlade om. Det är samma anime att det bara remitterades till men jag har ingen aning * rondell startar * Man Boy 1: "Det blir större när jag drar på det." Många Boy 2: "Mmmmmmm" * Mark snorting lite * Man Boy 1: "Ibland drar jag på det så hårt, jag sliter huden" Man Boy 2: "Tja, min pappa lärde mig några saker också som hur man inte ska slita huden med någon annans mun" " 'Istället för dina egna händer" Man Boy 1: "Vill du visa mig?" Man Boy 2: "Jag skulle vara rätt glad!" * rondell sparkar i * (Mark försöker dölja sina skratt igen) * Mark försöker att hålla sin fattning * * han dansar * *harklar sig* * Rensar halsen igen * Grönt te Kaffe Grönt te.. Kaffe.. Grönt te! French: "Baaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah!" début des répétitions vidéo * PAS-ne-he- woAh Hey wOah Ne me refaite pas le coup c'était pas drôle! Plankton: "Je ne suis pas bon à ces trucs de boom." Sandy: "Est-ce que quelqu'un a dit boum?" * BAAaaNNnGG * (boom) Mmm Je ne c'était pas ce que c'était. C'est le même anime, c'était une référence mais je ne sais pas d'où ça vient *commence rond-point* Man Boy 1: « Il grossit quand je tire dessus. » Many Boy 2: "MMmmmmM" Man Boy 1: « Parfois, je tire dessus si fort que je déchire la peau » Man Boy 2: «Eh bien, mon papa m'a apprit plusieurs choses aussi, comme comment ne pas déchirer la peau en utilisant la bouche de quelqu'un d'autre» "Au lieu de vos propre mains" Man Boy 1: "Veux-tu me montrer?" Man Boy 2: « J'en serais heureux! J'en serais très heureux" *A suivre* (Mark essaie de cacher une nouvelle fois ses rires) *se racle la gorge* *Se racle encore la gorge* Thé vert Café Thé vert Café Thé vert Vietnamese: "BAAAAAAAAAAH!" *video tiếp tục* Không, này này! Video đó ko làm mị buồn cười Plankton: Tớ Không tốt ở việc 'boom' này. Sandy: Ai đó nói 'Boom' hả!? *BOOOOOOOMMMMMM* Mình không biết nó nói gì Chắc nó đang nói về một bộ phim anime mà mình không biết "Nó to hơn khi mình kéo nó" *tiếng ghê sợ* Đôi khi, tôi kéo nó quá mức, tôi xé cái da của nó (ỌE) Thì, cha tôi cũng đã dạy tôi vài điều về sao để không làm đứt da dùng miệng người khác hơn là tay" "Anh chỉ tôi nhé" Tôi đương nhiên sẽ chỉ rồi. *meme To be continued* *Mark cố hết sức nịn cười* *2 đứa anime nói lặp lại "Green tea" và "coffee" Russian: "Баааааааааааааааааааааам" Не..Не, эй погоди! Мне одного повтора хватило чтобы понять что это не смешно! Планктон: "Я плохо разбираюсь во взрывных штуках" Сэнди: "Кто-то сказал БУМ?" *Взрыв* Даже не знаю что это было.. Это тоже самое аниме что в предыдущем, но я без понятия... Мужик 1: "Он становится больше когда я натягиваю его" Мужик 2: "Ммммммм" *Марк хрюкнул* Мужик 1: "Иногда, я натягиваю так сильно, что кожа рвется" Мужик 2: "Мой отец научил меня, что чтобы не порвать кожу нужно использовать чей-нибудь рот" "вместо рук" Мужик 1: "Покажешь мне?" Мужик 2: "Буду очень рад!" *Марк еле сдерживается* *прочищает горло* *еще разок* Зеленый чай Кофе Зеленый чай... Кофе... Зеленый чай! English: "Bwaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah!" start of video repeats* Not- ne-he- woAh HeY wOahYOu only get one turn on that now that was not funny! (Sure dude) I 'm not good at this boom thing. DID SOME BODY SAY BOOM!? *shigechi fucking dies* "TOH-BLAGH" Mmm I don't know what that was about. It's the same anime that it was just referred to but I have no idea (JJBA. Watch it.) *roundabout starts* It gets bigger when I pull on it ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°) Mmmmmmm ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°) *Mark snorting a bit* Sometimes, I pull on it so hard, I rip the skin ( ͡☉ ͜ʖ ͡☉) Well, my daddy taught me a few things too like how not to rip the skin by using someone else's mouth, ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°) 'stead of your own hands ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°) Will you show me? ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°) I'd be right happy to! ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°) *roundabout kicks in* (Mark tries to conceal his laughs once again) *Mark attempts to keep his composure* (TYLER GET THE PUNISHMENT!!!) *clears throat* *clears throat again* Gween Tea Cawffee gween tea! cawffee! gween tea! Portuguese: "Baaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah!" *vídeo começa de novo* Não-nee Woah HeY wOah. Você não tem outra chance agora, isso não foi engraçado! Plankton: "Eu não sou bom nessa coisa de crescimento." Sandy: "Alguém disse explosão?" (Boom = crescer ou estrondo) * BAAaaNNnGG * Não sei do que se trata. É o mesmo anime que acabou de ser mencionado, mas eu não tenho idéia *Começa a tocar Roundabout* Homem 1: "Ele fica maior quando eu puxo." Homem 2: "Mmmmmmm" * Mark segura o riso * Homem 1: "Às vezes, eu puxo tão forte que eu rasgo a pele" Homem 2: "Bem, meu pai me ensinou algumas coisas também, tipo como não rasgar a pele usando boca de outra pessoa No lugar das suas mãos." (Markimoo está perturbado) Homem 1: "Você vai me mostrar?" Homem 2: "Eu ficaria feliz em mostrar!" *Toca Roundabout * Continua... *Limpa a garganta* * Limpa a garganta novamente * Chá verde Café Chá verde.. Café.. Chá verde. Italian: "Booooooooooooh!" *il video ricomincia in sottofondo* Non..no..uoh uoh uoh questo non era per nulla divertente! Plankton: "Non sono bravo a queste cose esplosive" Sandy : "Qualcuno ha detto boom?" *BOOOOOOOOM* Mmmh non so cosa riguardi. È lo stesso anime a cui era riferito ma non ne ho idea *incomincia roundabout* "Diventa più grande quando lo tiro" "Mmmmmmmmh" *Mark cerca di non ridere* "Qualche volta lo tiro talmente tanto da rimuovere la pelle intorno* "Beh, mio padre mi ha insegnato che utilizzando la bocca di qualcun'altro non si rimuove la pelle" "Invece di usare le tue mani" (Per favore smettetela, Mark è disturbato) "Mi fai vedere?" "Sarei molto felice di farlo" *rincomincia roundabout* (Mark cerca di non ridere) *si schiarisce la gola* *si schiarisce la gola di nuovo* Thè verde Caffè Thè verde... Caffè... Thè verde! Czech: "Baaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah!" *Opakování začátku videa* ne- ne-he- Woah hej wOah, nebude opakování, když to nebylo vtipné! Plankton: „Nejsem dobrý v téhle boom věci.“ Sandy: "Říkal někdo boom?" *exploze* MmmI nevím, co to bylo asi tak. Je to stejné, anime, že to byl právě uvedené, ale nemám ponětí, * kruhový objezd začíná * Man Boy 1: „Je to ještě větší, když jsem se vytáhnout na to.“ Mnozí Boy 2: "mmmmmmm" * Mark šňupání trochu * Man Boy 1: „Někdy jsem vytáhnout na to tak těžké, jsem trhat kůži“ Man Boy 2: "No, můj táta mě naučil pár věcí příliš jako ... UUuuu, jak trhat kůži pomocí někoho jiného ústa, ‚Namísto vlastních rukou Man Boy 1: "Budeš mi ukázat?" Man Boy 2: „Já bych se s radostí!“ Já bych se s radostí. * kruhový objezd kopy * (Mark snaží zakrýt svůj smích.. znovu) * Odkašle si * * Odkašle si znovu * Zelený čaj Káva Zelený čaj.. Káva.. Zelený čaj! Indonesian: wow, hey wow- tidak, kau hanya dapat satu giliran, tidak lucu!!! [aku tidak hebat dalam melakukan boom ini] [apa ada yang bilang BOOM?] Danish: "Baaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah!" starten af videoen gentages* Ikke-he-he-woAH HeY wOah DIg du får ikke lov til at få denne, det var ikke sjovt" Plankton:"Jeg er ikke god til denne bum ting" Sandy:"Sagde nogen bum?" *BAAAaaNNnGG* (boom) Mmm jeg ved ikke hvad det var omkring. Det var den samme anime der var refereret til men jeg har ingen idé *roundabout starter* Man Boy 1: "Den bliver større når jeg trækker i den" Man boy 2: "MMmmmmM" *Mark fnyser en smule* Man Boy 1: "Nogle gange, så trækker jeg så hårdt at huden går i stykker" Man Boy 2: "Nå, min far lærte mig også nye ting såsom, hvordan man ikke river huden i stykker ved at bruge en andens mund," "i stedet for at bruge dine egne hænder" (vær sød at stoppe dette, stakkels Markimoo er foruroliget" Man Boy 1: ''vil du vise mig det?" Man Boy 2: "Det ville glæde mig! Jeg ville være mere en glad for det" *roundabout sparker ind* (Mark prøver at gemme hans grin endnu en gang) *rømmer sig* *rømmer sig igen* Grøn te Kaffe Grøn te Kaffe Grøn te! Finnish: ??? Ei..ny... Hei hei hei saat vain yhden vuoron tuossa ja tuo ei ollut hauska En tiedä tuo oli. Se oli sama anime mihin juuri viitattiin, mutta minulla ei ole aavistustakaan German: "Buuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuh!" *Video wiederholt sich* Nein- he-he- Woah- Hey du kriegst nur eine Runde! Das war übrigens nicht witzig! Plankton:"Ich bin nicht gut bei diesem Boom ding." Sandy: "HAT JEMAND BOOM GESAGT?" *explosion* Mmm Ich habe keine Ahnung worüber das gerade war. Das war der gleiche Anime der gemeint war aber Ich habe keine Idee. *kreiselnde Musik beginnt* "Es wird größer wenn ich dran ziehe." "MMmmmmM" "Manchmal, zieh ich so doll, dass ich die Haut einreiße" "Gut, mein Vater brachte mir ein paar Dinge bei, wie man die Haut nicht zerreißen kann, indem man den Mund eines anderen benutzt, statt die eigenen Hände zu benutzen. "Wirst du es mir zeigen?" "Das würde mich freuen!" *kreiselnde Musik tritt ein* (Mark versucht erneut sein lachen zu verbergen) *räuspert sich* *räuspert sich erneut* Grüner Tee Chinese: "Baaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah!" 不好－－WoAh HeY wOaH 你只能播一次！ （忍笑狀態）那個不好笑！ 皮老闆:"我不擅長這麼繁榮(BOOM)的事情" 珊迪:"剛有談到爆炸(BOOM)嗎?" *BOOM* 我不知道這是什麼 他只是提到一個動畫 我一點頭緒也沒有 一號♂：「它在我拿出來時會變大。」 二號♂：「Mmmmmmm...」 （Mark：ლ（´∀`ლ）） 一號♂：「有時，如果我太大力，會破皮。」 二號♂：「嗯，我爸也以前教過我一些事， 比如說如何運用別人嘴巴來幫忙以避免破皮， 「而不是用自己的手。」 一號♂：「秀給我看看？」 二號♂：「非♂常♂樂♂意。」 （TO BE CONTINUS） （Mark不要假裝了大家都看到了） （Mark假裝淡定中） （很不自然的清喉嚨） （再次不自然的清喉嚨） （後面這段不用翻譯你們也懂得相信我 Dutch: "Baaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah!" *video speelt opnieuw* Hé wow, hé, je krijgt maar één kans en dat was níet grappig! Plankton: "ik ben niet goed in dit boem-ding" Sandy: "Zei er iemand BOEM?" *explosie* Ik heb geen flauw idee wat dat moet zijn. Het is dezelfde Anime van zonet maar ik heb geen flauw idee "Het wordt groter als ik eraan trek" "Hmmm" *Mark lacht een beetje* "Soms trek ik er zo hard aan dat de huid scheurt" "Nou, mijn vader heeft me een paar trukjes geleerd zoals hoe je de huid niet scheurt door iemands mond te gebruiken, in plaats van je handen" "Wil je dat laten zien?" "Met plezier" *Roundabout muziek speelt* *Mark probeert een pokerface te houden* *Klein dansje* *Schraapt keel* *Schraapt keel opnieuw* Groene thee Koffie Groene thee Coffie Groene thee! Malay (macrolanguage): "Baaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah!" permulaan ulangan video * boleh- ne-dia- Woah Hei (gagap jap) Hangpa tau menda lagu tu tak lawak nooh. Plankton: "Saya tidak pandai perkara ledakan ini." Sandy: "Adakah BODY SESETENGAH KATA BOOM?" *letupan* Mmm saya tidak tahu apa yang sudah hampir. Ia anime yang sama bahawa ia hanya disebut tetapi saya tidak mempunyai idea * Bermula bulatan * Man Boy 1: "Ia mendapat lebih besar apabila saya menarik di atasnya." Banyak Boy 2: "mmmmmmm" * Mark dan berbunyi sedikit * Man Boy 1: "Kadang-kadang, saya tarik begitu sukar, saya merobek kulit" Man Boy 2: "Baiklah, ayah saya mengajar saya beberapa perkara juga seperti bagaimana untuk tidak merobek kulit dengan menggunakan mulut orang lain," " 'Pengganti tangan anda sendiri" Man Boy 1: "Mengapa kamu tunjukkan kepada saya?" Man Boy 2: "Saya betul gembira!" * Tendangan bulatan dalam * (Mark cuba untuk menyembunyikan ketawa beliau sekali lagi) * Mark cuba untuk menyimpan kesabaran beliau * * Tarian lil kecil * * Membersihkan tekak * * Membersihkan tekak lagi * Teh hijau kopi Teh hijau.. Kopi .. Teh hijau! Arabic: قهوة! شاي اخضر! قهوة شاي اخضر ليس مضحكا، لم اضحك، هذا ليس ضحكا "أفضل لاعب في الجولة" "مرحبا يا مارك" Finnish: Ei hauska En nauranut Tuo ei ollut nauru Italian: *con una voce più profonda* Caffè! *con una voce più veloce e più alta* Thè verde! *con voce robotica* Caffè! *con una voce estremamente distorta* THè VeRDe! Caffeff "gweeg" Ca- *urla a caso* Thè verd- Noci. HA! HhHhHh hhHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA *Mark si trattiene il più possibile dal ridere* CaFFeF *Con voce incredibilmente distorta* "GGRegeggennnNnn" Caffè SuTSKeh (??) Co- Powkenton Cosa? *Mark sogghigna* CaFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF Thè VERDDDDDDDDDDDD *Muove la lingua dentro la sua bocca* Mm mm. No, non è divertente. Non ho riso. Quella non era una risata *Musica di Initial D, mentre l'uomo viene trascinato dal tagliaerba* "Giocata della partita* "Oh ciao Mark" *sogghigno* *L'uomo distrugge tutto mentre la canzone di fine partita di Overwatch va avanti* *sogghigna di nuovo* *L'uomo tira la TV fuori dalla finestra* *Mark cerca di capire cosa ha appena visto* Swedish: * I en lågfrekvent röst * Kaffe! * I en snabbare, hög röst *Grönt te! * I en robo röst * Kaffe * I en extremt förvrängd röst * Grönt te Covfefe Greevg co- * Screams * Grönt te- Nötter. HA! HHH hhHAAAAAAAAA * Mark fnyser omedelbart i ett försök att inte skratta * Cofee * I en låg, undecipherable röst * GGRegeggennnNnn TTETaTaaAAeeeE * Mark blåser kinderna försöker att inte skratta * Cowfee Ragyo "Satsuki ..." co- Powkenton WhuuUh * Mark snickers * CofEEEEEE grön TeEEEEAAAAAA Mmmm. Nej. Inte roligt. Jag skrattade inte. Det var inte ett skratt! * Initial D musiken som en man skyrockets till rymden med sin trogna gräsklippare * "Spela av spelet" "Oh hi Mark" *fnittra* * Johnny börjar förstöra allt i sin syn som "Play av spelet" musik från Overwatch spelar * * snickers mer * * Kastar TV ut genom ett fönster när den faller till marken * French: *voix grave* Café! *voix aiguë* Thé vert *voix robotique* Café *voix déformée* Thé vert Caféf *Cris* Noisettes. HA! hhHAAAAAAAAA *Mark pouffe de rire* mm mm. Nope, pas drôle. Je n'ai pas ri. Ce n'était pas un rire. *musique d'Initial D joue pendant qu'un mec est propulsé dans l'espace avec sa tondeuse à gazon* "Oh salut Mark" *Ricane* *Mec commence à détruire tout ce qu'il voit avec la musique d'Overwatch* Czech: * V nízko posazený hlas * Cowfee! * V rychlejší, vysoký hlas * Gween čaj! * V robo hlasem * Cofey * Ve velmi zkresleným hlasem * GrEUn TEAy Cowfeef Greevg Co- * * Křik Zelený čaj- Ořechy. HA! HHH hhHAAAAAAAAA * Mark zachrochtá ve snaze se nerozesmát* kavárna * V tichým hlasem undecipherable * GGRegeggennnNnn TTETaTaaAAeeeE *Mark nafukuje tváře ve snaze se nesmát * Cowfee SuTSKeh Co- Powkenton WhuuUh * Označit Snickers * Kafééééé Zelený Čáááááááj * Prvky jazyk uvnitř úst * Mm mm. Ne, nijak legrační. Nechtěl jsem se smát. To nebyl smích Ani náhodou. Není to vtipné. Nechtěl jsem se smát. To nebylo k smíchu! * Initial D přehrávání hudby jako muž a business do vesmíru s jeho věrný sekačky na trávu * Nejlepší moment hry "Oh Čau Marku" * Člověk začne ničit všechno co spatří jako v nejlepším momentu hry, hraje hudba z Overwatch* * Snickers více * Dutch: *lage stem* Cowfee! *hogere stem* Gwroene thee! *robotstem* Koffie *vervormde stem* GrOEne THee Koffieie Groene Ko- *Gilt* Groene thee- Noten HA H-H-H Hhhaaaa *mark probeert zijn lach te onderdrukken* KoffIEE *in een vervormde lage stem* GRoeNe THeEeee *mark lacht* "Satsuki" Ko- Powkenton Whuuuh KoffIEEEE Groene THeeee Mm mm. Nope! Niet grappig. Ik lach niet, dat was geen lach! *Initial D muziek speelt* "Play of the Game" Oh, hey Mark *Grinnikt* *Grinnikt nog een beetje* *Gooit de tv uit het raam en valt op de grond* Persian: قهوه چای سبز قهوه چای سبز قهوه چای سبز -قه چای سبز قهوه قهوه -قه پکنتون قههههههههوه چای سبببببببببز خنده دار نیست.نخندیدم.اون که خنده نبود این گیم رو بازی کنین اوه سلام مارک Turkish: Yeşil Çayyy Kahvee Adam: Şu fıstıklar. (Ünlü bir meme) M-Mmm... Nayır. Komik değil. Gülmedim. Bu gülme değildi *Adam güvenilir çim biçme makinesiyle uzaya gitmeye çalışırken Initial D müziği çalıyor* Chinese: （Mark淡定臉瞬間破功） Uh uh, 不 不好笑 我可沒有笑喔 那不算 「遊戲演繹」 「喔，嗨Mark」 「消滅了 蘋果」 「消滅了 蠟燭」 「消滅了 箱子」 「消滅了 櫃子」 「消滅了 物品」 「消滅了 更多物品」 「消滅了 空氣」 「消滅了 電視」 Malay (macrolanguage): * Dengan suara yang rendah nada * Cowfee! * Dalam lebih cepat, suara yang nyaring * Gween Tea! * Dalam suara robo * Cofey * Dengan suara yang sangat diputarbelitkan * GrEUn Teay Covfefe Greevg bersama * Menjerit * Teh hijau- Kacang. HA! HHH hhHAAAAAAAAA * Mark serta-merta snorts dalam usaha untuk tidak ketawa * Cofee * Dengan suara yang rendah, undecipherable * GGRegeggennnNnn TTETaTaaAAeeeE * Mark meniup pipinya cuba untuk tidak ketawa * Cowfee Ragyo: "Satsuki ..." bersama Powkenton WhuuUh * Mark snickers * CofEEEEEE Green TeEEEEAAAAAA Mm mm. Nope. Tidak kelakar. Aku tidak tertawa. Yang tidak ketawa! * Awal play D muzik sebagai seorang lelaki skyrockets untuk ruang dengan mesin pemotong rumput kepercayaan beliau * "Main permainan" "Oh hi Mark" * Kekek * * Johnny bermula memusnahkan segala-galanya di sisi beliau sebagai "Play Permainan" art Overwatch memainkan * * Snickers lebih * * Alas TV dari tingkap kerana ia jatuh ke tanah * Vietnamese: *lặp lại như thế nhiều lần nhưng càng kì lạ* *tiếng hét* "NUT" Ha HAAAAA *càng ngày càng thấy ghê D:* Không buồn cười đâu. Cái đó không phải là cười. (đừng xạo nữa Mark) Ko. Không cười. Mình Không cười. Đó ko phải cười!! *nhạc* *overwatch refrences* (Ai có chơi trò này thì hiểu :P) *Mark ráng nhịn* Danish: *i en dyb stemme" Kaffe! *i en hurtigere lys stemme* Grøn thee" *i en robot stemme* Kaffe * i en ekstrem forvrænget stemme* GrØN tEh Kavfeeeh Grøøng Ka- *Skriger* Grøn te. Nødder. HA! H-H-H hhHAAAAAAAA *Mark fnyser med det samme i et forsøg på ikke at grine* KaFfE *i en lav uforståelig stemme* GRrrrøøØØøøønN TttEEeee *Mark puster hans kinder op for at prøve ikke at grine* Kavfe SuTSKeh Ka- Powkenton WhuuUh *Mark fniser* KAvfeeEE GrøøøØNNn TEEeeeE *Hvirvler tungen rundt i munden* (Mark: tænk på Jack. Tænk på Jack) Mm mm. Nej, ikke sjov. Jeg grinte ikke. Det var ikke et grin (han lyver helt vildt lige nu) "Spil af spillet" "Oh hai Mark" * Snicker * * snickers mere * Polish: *wysoki głos* Zielona herbata Kafa. ZieLUn HERbAta Kafaf Zieiz Ka... *Krzyk* Zielona herbat- -Orzechy HA! HHAAAAAAAAAA KafAA ZZIeeeelooona HHHErrbaataaaae Kawa Satsuki (Kill la Kill) Ka-Powtenkon Whuh *Mark powoli nie wytrzymuje* KawAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Zielona herbataAAAAAAAAA Mm m. Nie, nie śmieszne. Nie zaśmiałem się. To nie był śmiech. *Initial D zaczyna grać, gdy kosiarka porywa faceta i go ciągnie za sobą* Najlepsze zagranie meczu. (Z gry Overwatch) "Oh, cześć Mark* *Mężczyzna zaczynia niszczyć wszystko jako "Zagranie meczu" przy muzyce z Overwatch* *Mark znowu ledwo co wytrzymuje" *TYLKO NIE TELEWIZOR, TOMMY WISEAU!!!* English: *In a low-pitched voice* Cawffee! *In a high-pitched voice* Gween Tea! *In a robo voice* Cawffee *In an extremely distorted voice* GrEUn TEAy Coffeeff Greerg Co- woru-kun! *Kaworu dies* Gween Tea- eez Nuts. HA! H H H hAAAA *Mark instantly snorts in an attempt to not laugh* CawffEE *destroyed audio* GGRegeggennnNnn TTETaTaaAAeeeE *Mark blowing his cheeks trying not to laugh* Coffee Ragyo: "Satsuki..." Co- Karl Pilkington Alright. *Mark snickers* CAAAAAWWWWWWW Gween TeEEEEAAAAAA Mm mm. Nope. Not funny. I didn't laugh. That wasn't a laugh! *Eurobeat plays as a man skyrockets to space with his trusty lawn mower* "Play of the game" Oh, hi Mark (MARK-CEPTION!!!!!!!!) *Johnny starts destroying everything in his sight as "Play of the Game" music from Overwatch plays* *snicker* *snickers more* German: *in einer tieferen Stimme* Kaffee *Geschrei* Nüsse. HA! hhHAAAAAAAAA *Mark kichert* Kaffeeeeeee Mm mm Nein. Nicht lustig. Ich habe nicht gelacht. Das war kein lachen! * Initial D Musik spielt, als ein Mann mit seinem treuen Rasenmäher in den Weltraum rauscht * "Spiel des Spiels" "Oh, hi Mark" *kicher* *Johnny beginnt alles was er sieht zu zerstören, als eine "Spiel des Spiels" Musik von Overwatch gespielt wird* Ukrainian: "Дуже багато версій кофє, та зеленого чаю." *Їх дуже багато...* *Крік* (Зелений Ч-) Орешкі. ХА! Х-Х-Х ххАААААААААА (Марка немного проперло) *Кофаєа* (ізковеркана річь) *ЗелУаАикНний ЧхАй* *Ковей* *Сатсукі* *Ко* *Карл Пілінктон?* *Ок* (Ще одне кофє) ( ще один Зелений чай) Им им. Не смішно! Я не усміхнувся! Це не сміх! *Жорстке поїздня на касилкі* *ГРАВЕЦЬ ГРИ!!!* Хайол Марк *Типичний Overwatch* *вбивця" *Монстр* Portuguese: *Em uma voz com baixa frequência* Café. *Em uma voz aguda mais rápida* Chá verde. *Com uma voz de robô* Café. *Em uma voz extremamente distorcida* ChÁ veRdE Caféff Ver Ca- *Gritos* Chá verde- Nuts. (nozes, louco ou testículos) HA! HHH hhHAAAAAAAAA *Mark bufa instantaneamente em uma tentativa de não rir* CaFÉé *Em voz baixa, indecifrável* CChHhháá VeeErrDe *Mark tentando não rir* Café SuTSKeh co- Powkenton Ãhnn CafÉÉÉÉÉ Chá verDEEEEEE Mm mm. Não, não é engraçado. Eu não ri. Isso não era uma risada. *Música Initial D toca enquanto um homem dispara para o espaço com o seu fiel cortador de grama* "Play of the Game" "Oh, oi Mark" *Homem começa a destruir tudo a sua frente enquanto a música do "Play of the Game" de Overwatch toca* *Homem começa a destruir tudo a sua frente enquanto a música do "Play of the Game" de Overwatch toca* *Mark tentando não rir* Bulgarian: Кафе Зелен Чай! Кафе Зелен Чай Ядки Не , не е смешно. Не се засмях. Това не беше смях. Игра на играта "О , здравей Марк" Spanish: * Con voz baja * Café * En una voz más aguda y aguda* Té verde! *Con voz de robot * Café (No vale la pena traducir esto) * Marca instantáneamente bufa en un intento de no reír * mmm... No, no es gracioso. No me reí. Eso no fue una risa (Deje de mentir Mark) * Juego de música de D inicial como un hombre se dispara al espacio con su cortadora de césped fiable * "Juego del juego" Juego del juego "Oh hai Mark" (él sabe) *risa disimulada* * El hombre comienza a destruir todo a su vista como "Play of the Game" de música de Overwatch * Russian: *низким голосом* Кофе! *высоким голосом* Зеленый чай! *голосом робота* Кофе *искаженным голосом* Злный чй Кофеф Зелел Ко- *Крики* Зеленый чай- Орешки. ХА! Х-Х-Х ххХААААААААААААААА *Марк начал хрюкать, чтобы не засмеяться* КофЕЕ *Низким неразборчивым голосом* ЗЗЕлелленнЫй ЧЧЧАйТйй *Марк раздувает щеки чтобы не засмеяться* СаТСке Ко- Паукентон ВхууУх КофЕЕЕЕЕЕ Зелёный чаАААААЙЙЙ ** Мм мм Нет, не смешно! Я не засмеялся. Это был не смех! *Играет музыка из Initial D, мужик улетает на газонокосилке* *Лучший Момент Матча* Как Джонни "О, даров, Марк" (Он знает) *Мужик сносит всё, что попадается на глаза под музыку из Overwatch* *хрюкание Марка* *Выбрасывает телик в окно* *что за чухню Марк посмотрел* Portuguese: Não .... não é engraçado, não é engraçado. mmmMMMMMMMM*frustração* NÃO É ENGRAÇADO! *Risadas* "Esse cara acabou de atirar naquele outro bem na cara. Eu tive nada a ver com isso" "Houve um argumento, era como um argumento no local de trabalho que esses Caras Vermelhos tiveram." *Vira à esquerda e um Cara Vermelho atira nele* *Homem solta ruído curto agudo* *Mark lutando para não rir* *Algumas risadinhas internas* (Eu não tenho certeza se Mark está com dor ou rindo .... Eu acho que ambos.) (Eu não tenho certeza se Mark está com dor ou rindo .... Eu acho que ambos.) *Quase solta um riso* *Gabe late ao ritmo da melodia de Big Blue* Não Mr. Não Confiável: "Não é a arma de um soldado, sim? Homem gravando: Não é a arma de um soldado !? *Mark confuso e eu também* "Não confiável!? NÃO CONFIÁVEL?" *Disparos* "NÃO CONFIÁVEL?!" Ukrainian: Нііііііііі, НІІІІІІІІІ, Це не смішно, НЕ СМІШНО! *ММММММУРЧАНіЕ* НЕ СМІШНО! "Jerma95 грає у Super Hot" "Цей чоловік вистредив у лицо іншей людині, хоч я невчому не привязаний" "По типу чорвоні люди таки тупі" *Чорвона людина вистрила в джерма* "Вооууп" (Да Марк, програй ще раз -_-) *звуковий пердеж* Мххххх *Габен повернувся! Та він грає F-ZERO* нєа "Це солдатська сброя?" "Не солдатська!!!" "Він автоматичний?" "Не солдатський!" "Нерепитально!?" (0_0) (Що за хуїня з ним? 0_0) Italian: No...nooooon è divertenteee. Non. È. Divertente. MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM NON È DIVERTENTEEEEE *quello che gioca a superhot ride* "Quel tipo ha appena sparato in faccia a quell'altro. Io non c'entro niente" "C'era una discussione sul posto di lavoro che quei due tipi rossi hanno avuto- *il giocatore si gira a destra e il "tipo rosso" gli spara in faccia* COS- *Mark cerca disperatamente di non ridere* *Sogghigni* (sta male?) *HuH* "Hhhhhhh" *Gabe il cane abbaia al ritmo di Big Blue* No "Non è una pistola da soldato?" "NO! Non lo è!" Il tipo che registra "Sicuramente non è una pistola" Non vi fidate?! (carica la pistola) NON VI FIDATE?! "Sono fottut***nte resposabile" Arabic: ليس مضحكا ليس مضحكا "هذا الرجل اطلق النار في وجه هذا الرجل، لم يكن لي دخل بذلك" "كان هناك مشاجرة، كانت مشاجرة في مكان العمل قام بها هذين الرجلين الاحمرين" "هذا ليس سلاح جندي؟" "ليس سلاح جندي؟" "ليس سلاح جندي؟" "غير جدير بالثقة؟" "غير جدير بالثقة؟" Czech: Ne ... To neeeeení vtiiiiipný Neeeeení mmmMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM TO NENÍ VTIPNÉ! * Chlap hraje Superhot směje se * „Ten chlap, prostě okamžitě zastřelil jiného do tváře. Neměl jsem s tím nic společného" „Došlo k argument- tam jako argument, na pracovišti, že tyto červené týpky měl“ * Otočí se doleva a červenej týpek na něj zamíří * * Člověk pronajímá krátký vysoký pronikavý zvuk * WH- * Mark se v současné době snaží nesmát * * Pojďme ven malý smích smíchaný s pískoty * * Gabe štěká na melodii Big Blue * Ne Mr: Nespolehlivý: „Není to vojácká zbraň, ano? „To není vojákova zbraň!“ Kameraman: To není vojákova zbraň!? Kameraman: „To není vojákova zbraň...“ NESPOLEHLIVÝ?! * Natáhne zbraň * NESPOLEHLI- * výstřely * (Muž neprokazuje bezpečnost pistole) NE * píp *ENÝ SPOLEHLIVÝ ?! "Já jsem k*rva spolehlivý!" French: Nope ... paaaaas droooooole, paaas drooooole MMMMMMMMMM PAS DRÔLE! * Gars qui joue superhot* « Ce gars-là vient de tirer cet autre gars en pleine face. J'avais rien à voir avec ça » « Il y avait une dispute genre une dispute de travail que ces mec rouges avaient » * Se tourne vers la gauche alors que le mec rouge lui tire dessus * * L'homme laisse échapper un court bruit aigu * WO- *se retient* (WUH) *secoue la tête* (Chut, c'est pas grave) * Gabe aboie une chanson * M. Unreliable: « C'est pas une arme de soldat hein?" Mec qui enregistre "Pas une arme de soldat..." « Le manque de fiabilité! » (Pistolet coqs) NON FIABLE?! * bleep * NON FIABLE ?! "Je suis PU*** DE FIABLE!" Bulgarian: Не ....нееееее е смешшшно , неее е смеешно МММММ , НЕ Е СМЕШНО!!! "Този тип току застреля онзи тип в лицето. Аз нямах нищо общо с това" "Имаше спор... на работното място между тези двама Червени Момчета" Не Г-н Укайничен : "Не е военен пистолет , а?" "Не е военен пистолет!" Човек на камерата :"Не е военен пистолет" Човек на камерата :"Не е военен пистолет..." "Ненадежден?" НЕНАДЕЖДЕН! НЕ*ши**** надежден" Spanish: Nop...nooo fue divertido MMMMM NO FUE DIVERTIDO * Chico jugando risas superhot * "Ese tipo le disparó a ese otro tipo inmediatamente en la cara, no tuve nada que ver con eso" "Había una discusión - allí como un argumento del lugar de trabajo que estos Dudes Rojos tenían" * Gira a la izquierda como un "Red Dude" dispara a él * WU * Gabe ladra a la melodía de Big Blue * nop Sr.: No es fiable: "No es un arma de soldado, ¿eh? -¡No es un arma de soldado! La grabación del hombre: ¿No es un arma de soldado? Hombre de grabación "No es un arma de un soldado ..." "¡No confiable !?" (pistola de gallos) ¡NO CONFIABLE ?! UN * bleep * NO CONFIABLE ?! ¡Soy fu**** confiable! Dutch: Nope... Nieeeet grappig. Niet grappig. MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM NIET GRAPPIG *persoon die SuperHot speelt lacht* "Die gast schoot die andere meteen in het gezicht, ik had er niks mee te maken" "Er was een argument - zeg maar een kantoordiscussie tussen deze rode gasten" *Draait naar links als iemand hem schiet* "WA-" *Grinnikt* *korte lach* Mmh *Hond blaft het deuntje van Big Blue* Nop " 'Tis geen soldatenpistool he?" "Geen soldatenpistool!" "Hoge tolerantie?" "Geen soldatenpistool" "Onbetrouwbaar?" *herlaadt pistool* "ONBETROUWB- *geweerschoten* ON-FUCKING-BETROUWBAAR?? German: Nein, nicht lustig, nicht lustig. MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM *Junge spielt und lacht laut* "Der Typ hat dem anderen Typen gerade direkt ins Gesicht geschossen. Ich hatte damit nichts zu tun." "Da war ein Streit-ein Streit um den Arbeitsplatz, den dieser rote Kerl hat" *wendet sich nach links, als ein roter Kerl auf ihn feuert* *Man lässt kurz den Lärm aus* WH- *kurzer Burst* Mmh * Gabe bellt zur Melodie von Big Blue * "Es ist keine Soldaten Waffe, ja?" "Nein keine Soldaten Waffe..." "Unzuverlässig?!"*Waffe schießt* UN*beep*ING Zuverlässig? Malay (macrolanguage): Nope, noooooot lucu, tidak lucu MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM TIDAK KELAKAR * Lelaki bermain superhot ketawa * "Lelaki yang baru ditangkap bahawa lelaki lain dengan segera di muka. Saya mempunyai nothin kaitan dengan itu" "Terdapat argument- di sana seperti hujah tempat kerja bahawa Red Dudes mempunyai" * Bertukar ke kiri sebagai "Dude Red" kebakaran kepadanya * * Man menyewakan bunyi pendek tinggi nada * WH- * Lets keluar ketawa kecil dicampur dengan Bubar a * * Pendek pecah * Mmh * Gabe menyalak untuk lagu Big Blue * DPN "Ia bukan pistol askar, ya? "Tidak pistol askar!" "Ia toleransi tinggi?" "Tidak pistol askar ..." "?! yang tidak boleh dipercayai" * Ayam sabung gun * UNRELIABL- * tembakan * (Man tidak menunjukkan keselamatan senjata yang baik) PBB * bleep * ING DIPERCAYAI ?! Turkish: HHAAAAYIR.... Kooomik değil. Koomik değil. MmmMmmMRmRRGRGH KOMİK DEĞİL!!!! Adam: Bu adam az önce başlar başlamaz önündekini vurdu. Aniden ve yüzden :D Adam: NNEE?!!!! [Mark gülüyor xddd] (Gerçekten komikti aDS:Adad.asD XDDDDD) [Gençler ben çevirmen değilim uğraştırmayın beni] Danish: Nope... Ikkeeee... sjo-vt. IKKE... sjo-vt. MMMMMMMMMM * Jerma985 spiller superhot griner * "Den fyr skød lige den anden fyr straks i ansigtet. Jeg havde ikke noget at gøre med det" "Der var et argument - der som et arbejdspladsargument, som disse Røde Dudes havde" * "Røde Dude" brænder på ham * * Lader ud en lille fnise blandet med en hvæsning * * kort burst * MMH * Gabe barks til melodi Big Blue fra F-Zero * "Det er ikke en soldats pistol, ja? "Ikke en soldats pistol!" "Ikke en soldats pistol ..." "Upålidelige ?!" * haner pistol * UN * bleep * ING RELIABLE ?! Persian: نوچ.بااااااااا مزه نبود.باااااااااااا مزه نبود بامزه نبووووووود این یارو به اون یکی شلیک کرد.خودشو تو صورتش.قرار نبود کاری بکنم فک کنم داشتن بحث میکردن.این دوستان قرمزمون داشتن بحث کاری میکردن این که تفنگ سربازی نیست تفنگ سربازی نیس. واقعا نیست؟- تفنگ سربازی نیست غیر قابل اعتمادم؟غیر قابل اعتمادم؟ غیر قابل اعتمادم؟من قابل اعتمادم Vietnamese: Không buồn cười!!! Không, không, không buồn cười!!!! MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM! KHÔNG BUỒN CƯỜI!!! *thằng chơi Superhot cười* "Thằng đó bắn đồng đội nó vào mặt. Mình sẽ không làm vậy đâu." "Có một lời phiền ở nhà máy mà mấy đứa Đỏ có" *tiếng súng* CÁI- *chó Gabe sủa bài Big Blue* Đây ko phải súng lính ư!? (camera) Ôi ko biết KHÔNG ĐÁNG TIN TƯỞNG Ư?!?!?! *tiếng súng liên hoàn* KHÔNG ĐÁNG TIN TƯỞNG?!?! TAO ĐÁNG TIN TƯỞNG!! English: Nope... Noooooot... fun-ny. NOT... fun-ny MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM NOT FUNNY *Jerma985 playing superhot laughs* That guy just shot that other guy immediately in the face. I had nothin to do with that There was an argument- there like a workplace argument that these Red Dudes had *turns around to similar situation* *wHOO* *Lets out a small giggle mixed with a wheeze* *short burst* Mmh *Gabe barks to the tune of Big Blue from F-Zero* (RIP Gabe the bork king) Nup It's not a soldier's gun, aye? Not a soldier's gun! It's high tolerances? Not a soldier's gun... Unreliable?! *cocks gun* UNRELIABL- *gunshots* (Man doesn't demonstrate good gun safety) UN*bleep*ING RELIABLE?! Russian: Неааа ... неее смееешно, не смешно *какое-то горловое рычание* МММХХММ НЕ СМЕЕШНОО *звучит хихикание* "Этот пацан только что выстрелил другому прямо в харю. Я ничего не делал" "З-здесь была ссора из-за рабочего пространства этих двоих" *поворачивается* *Высоким голосом* ЧЁ- *Марк пытается не засмеяться* (что, впрочем, плохо выходит) *Еще один кавер Гейба на Big Blue* (Давайте помянем его..) Не. Мужик 1: "Это ненастоящий ствол, э?" Мужик 2: *За кадром* Ненастоящий ствол? "Ненастоящий..." *Первый на фоне перечисляет характеристики пистолета* "Ненадёжный?" *передёргивает затвор* "НЕНАДЁЖНЫЙ?!" *ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНО НЕНАДЕЖНЫЙ* "НЕ , БЛ**, НАДЕЖНЫЫЙ?!" Finnish: Ei Ei ollut... Hauska Ei... Hauska Ei Hauska! Ei Polish: Nie, ...nieeeeeeeeeee śmieszne, nie śmieszne Mmmmm... NIE ŚMIESZNE! *gościu grający w Superhota się śmieje* "Ten gość dopiero co strzelił drugiego gościa w twarz. Nie musiałem nic z nim robić" To był argument- to był argument w miejscu pracy, jaki ten czerwony gościu, miał. *odwraca się w lewo i dostaje od Czerwonego w twarz* *facet wydaje z siebiw krótki i piskliwy odgłos* Co- *dasz radę, Mark!* *Jestem z Ciebie dumna!* *Gabe szczeka do melodii Big Blue* Facet: "To nie jest broń żołnierza, co?" Nagrywający: "Broń nie jest żołnierza..." "Nie do naładowania?!" *strzela, jak z maszynówy* NIE DO NAŁADOWANIA?!" NIE DO KURWA NAŁADOWANIA?! "Jestem kurwa niezawodny!" Swedish: Nix, inte rolig, inte roligt mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm INTE ROLIGT * Killen spelar Superhot skrattar * "Den där killen bara sköt den andra killen omedelbart i ansiktet. Jag hade ingenting att göra med det" "Det fanns en argument- där som en arbetsplats argumentet som dessa röda snubbar hade" * Man låter ut kort hög branta buller * WH- * Låter ut en liten fniss blandas med en väsande * * Kort burst * Mmh * Gabe barks till tonerna av Big Blue * Nup "Det är inte en soldats pistol, aye? "Inte en soldat pistol!" "Det är hög tolerans?" "Inte en soldat vapen ..." "Opålitliga?!" * Tuppar gun * UNRELIABL- * skott * (Man inte visa god pistol säkerhet) UN * bleep * ING PÅLITLIG ?! Chinese: 不...不－－好笑......不﹑好笑 MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 不好笑！！ （玩家Jerma985的笑聲） 「那傢伙就超快的射爆了另一個傢伙的頭... 這個我可真是愛莫能助－－」 「他們有個爭吵－好像是工作方面的爭吵， 然後那位紅色的老兄有－－」 （然後他就被紅色老兄射了） 「WH－－」 （Mark再次無力的忍住笑聲...其實應該是輸了吧？） （Gabe的叫聲隨著節奏響起） 不 「這不是一把真槍，哼？」 「不是一把真槍！」 「容量大吧？（我也不知道這是什麼）」 「不是一把真槍。」 「靠不住？！」（準備） 「靠不－－」 （我靠各位觀眾朋友這個千萬不可行！） 「去他（逼－－）的靠不住？」 Finnish: Olen niin peloissani Olen niin peloissani Mikä se on Älä Okei.. Se ei ollut oikeaa naurua Se ei ollut oikeaa Unohdin mitä olin tekemässä Uppouduin hetkeen. Se ei ollut oikeaa naurua. Älä laske sitä German: "Sie ist unzuverlässig, meine Damen und Herren!" *mehr Schüsse* "UN*beep*ING Zuverlässig!" AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Ich bin so verängstigt.... Ich bin so verängstigt. Nein. "JOHN CENA" Okay *entspannte Musik* *ganz langsam fällt eine Atombombe auf den Boden* *keuchendes lachen* *leise* Oh nein Das war kein echtes lachen! Das war kein echtes! Ich hab vergessen was ich tue. Ich konnte es in dem Moment nicht zurückhalten, das war kein echtes lachen! Zählt dieses eine nicht mit! Chinese: 「這可真是靠不住啊，先生小姐們！」 （咻咻砰砰咑） 「他（逼－－）的靠不住！」 「啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊－－」 我好害怕....我好害怕...ಠ_ಠ 「我知道你在尋找什麼。」 我在找什麼？ 別。 「是不是一個又長又硬的－－」 「JOHN CENA！」 （我的表情基本上跟Mark差不多了） OKAY （Mark淡定臉） （Mark注意到不對勁了） （這音樂真是太魔性了） （很難受的笑聲） ...喔不 那個稱不上是笑！那還不算！ 我剛剛一下忘記我在幹嘛了 某一瞬間被攻下了... 那個稱不上笑！不要算上那個！ Nico：「真是沒辦法吶～」 Nico：「（很嫵媚的）Nico nico nii~」 Italian: "È inaffidabile, signore e signori" *spara di nuovo* FOTTUTA***TE INAFFIDABILE AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAH Mark: Sono spaventato...sono spaventato... Il tipo nel video: So per certo cosa stai cercando- Mark: Ma cos'è? No. Il tipo nel video: È lungo...duro- J O H N C E N A A *Mark non riesce più a trattentersi Ok. *roundabout incomincia* *HhhHaHahaHa* *Mark si nasconde per non far vedere che rideva* Oh no! Non era una vera risata! Non lo era! Mi sono dimenticato cosa stavo facendo. Sono stato preso alla sprovvista. Quella non era una vera risata! Non vale! "Penso che non possa essere aiutato" "Nico - Nico - Noooiii French: « Ce manque de fiabilité, mesdames et messieurs! » Il est peu fiable, mesdames et messieurs! * coups de fusil* "PAS PU**** DE FIABLE " PAS PU**** DE FIABLE! ( crissement) AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA J'ai très peur...J'ai très peur "Je sais ce que tu recherches" "qu'est ce donc ?" Ne fais pas ça. JOHN CENA D'accord. *Roundabout commence à jouer* *A suivre... * *Rire étouffé * oh non Ce n'était pas un vrai rire ! Ça n'en était pas un ! J'ai oublié ce que je faisais. J'étais tellement pris dans l'action, ce n'était pas un vrai rire ne le comptez pas Persian: غیر قابل اعتماده خانم ها وآقایون. غیر قابل اعتماده غیر قابل اعتماد.غیر قابل اعتماد ترسیدم...خیلی خیلی ترسیدم. چی؟ خیلی بزرگ و قویه جان سینا باشه خنده ی واقعی نبود.خنده واقعی نبود یادم رفت دارم چی کار میکنم افتادم تو دردسر.خنده واقعی نبود اینو حساب نکنین Dutch: "het is onbetrouwbaar, dames en heren!" *Meer geweergeluiden* "On-fucking-betrouwbaar!" *Schreeuw* AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH! Ik ben zo bang... Ik ben zo bang! "Ik weet precies waar je naar op zoek bent" Wat is het? Niet... "Is het een lange harde-" "JOHN CENA" *John Cena's muziek* Oké. *Roudabout speelt* *Roudabout versterkt zodra de atoombom de grond raakt* *lach* Oh, nee... Dat was geen echte lach! Dat was geen echte! Ik vergat waar ik mee bezig was. Ik zat zo erg in het moment, dat was geen échte lach! Deze telt niet! *Japans* "Nico nico nii.." Vietnamese: Nó không đáng tin tưởng, thưa các quí ông quí bà (anh này có biết bắn súng không nhỉ!?!?!) *tiếng súng nữa* KHÔNG ĐÁNG TIN!!!!! AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Ôi thần linh ơi. Sợ quá. "Mình biết bạn tìm gì. Nó là cái gì"? Mark: Là cái gì "Nó to, dài...J O H N C E N A okay.... *TACTICAL NUKE INCOMING OOOH SHEEET* (rồi xong phim) (mark sắp cười) o no Nó Không phải là cười thiệt D: Quên mất mình đang làm gì. Nó không phải là thiệt! Đừng tính cái đó (an gian hả Mark) Chắc ko anh nào giúp được mình roài Nico: nico, nico, nii~ *tiếng xe F1* Arabic: "انه غير جدير بالثقة ايها السيدات والسادة" غير جدير بالثقة! انا خائف للغاية "اعرف ما تريد تماما" ماذا اريد؟ لا تقم بذلك "هل هو..." جون سينا!! حسنا اوه لا لم يكن هذا ضحكا حقيقيا! لم يكن حقيقيا! لم يكن هذا ضحكا حقيقيا! لم يكن حقيقيا! لقد نسيت ماذا كنت افعل، لقد اندمجت في اللحظة، لا تحسبوا ذلك! Czech: „Je to nespolehlivé, dámy a pánové!“ * další výstřely * NE-Kurva-spolehlivý! AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Jsem tak vyděšený .... Jsem tak vyděšený .... Jsem tak vystrašená. Jsem tak vystrašená. Muž ve videu: Vím přesně, co hledáte ... Co je to..? Ne. Muž: ... Je to dlouhé, tvrdé JOHN CENA *Tématická muzika Johna Ceny * Dobře. * Kolotoč začne hrát * * bude pokračovat * * Pískotový smích * * Tlumený * Ale ne To nebyl to skutečný smích! Nebyl skutečný! Nebyl to skutečný smích! .... to nebyl skutečný! Zapomněl jsem, co jsem dělal. Byl jsem chycen v momentě, to nebyl skutečný smích! Nepočítejte ho! Nico od Yazawa Niki: Myslím, že se nedá nic dělat Nico: * * svůdně Nico Nico NII ~ Polish: "Jest nie do naładowania , panie i panowie" *więcej strzałów* NIE DO KURWA NAŁADOWANIA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!! Boję się... Boję się... Facet w filmiku: Dokładnie wiem, czego szukasz. Co to jest? Nie... JOHN CENA! *Ta muzyka znana większości populacji* Ok. *ta muzyka, co była wcześniej* (Normalny dzień w grze Fallout 4) <-- Ciąg Dalszy Nastąpi | \ / *ups* <-- Ciąg Dalszy Nastąpi | \ / *stłumione* Och nieee... To nie był prawdziwy śmiech! On nie był prawdziwy! Zapomniałem co robiłem... Złapałem się na tym! To nie był śmiech. Nie liczcie tego! Yazawa Nico: Zgaduję, że to nie pomoże... Niko Niko Niii *Niko Niko Nii w trybie Formuły 1* Turkish: Çok korktum. Çok korktum! (Fallout 4 de normal bir gün) (Gördüğümü görüyor musunuz ?) [DAS:DasdsaDASdsa.dAS:das] OO HAYIR Bu gerçek bir gülme değildi! Gerçek değildi! Ne yapıyor olduğumu unuttum. Bunu saymayın! Bu gerçek bir gülme değildi! Bulgarian: "Ненадежден , дами и господа" "Не*ш****** надежден" Страх ме е ... Толкова ме е страх ... "Знам точно какво търсиш" Марк : Какво е ? Недей. "...Дълъг ли е , здрав ли-" Джон Сина Добре О , не Това не беше истински смях ! Не беше истински смях! Забравих какво правех. Хванах се в точния момент , това не беше истински смях! Не го бройте! Ники: Предполагам че няма да ми помогнат Swedish: "Det opålitliga, mina damer och herrar!" * fler skott * "UN-FUCKING-pålitlig!" (Unholy skrik) AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Jag är så rädd .... Jag är så rädd. "Jag vet exakt vad du letar efter." Vad är det..? Gör inte. "Är det en lång, hårt" "JOHN CENA" * John Cena tema musik spelas * Okej. * Rondellen börjar spelas * * Rondell sparkar i som nuke faller till marken i slo-mo * * WheeeEEEzeee skratt * * Dova * oh no Det var inte ett verkligt skratt! Det var inte en verklig! Jag har glömt vad jag gjorde. Jag fastnade i ögonblicket, det var inte ett verkligt skratt! Räkna inte att en! *japansk* Nico: * förföriskt * "Nico Nico NII ~" Russian: "Он ненадежный, леди и джентельмены!" (Это парень знает вообще как пользоваться оружием?) НЕЕ ,БЛ*ТЬ, НАДЕЖНЫЙЙЙ *Душераздирающий крик* Мне очень страшно... Очень страшно... "Я знаю, что тебе нужно..." И что же? Не надо... "Длинный, твёрдый- Д Ж О Н С И Н А хршо *Начинает играть Roundabout* (Летит заряд "Толстяка") (Вы знаете, к чему всё идёт) *хриплый смех* *бубнит* о неет Это ненастоящий смех, это был ненастоящий - Я забыл что я делал, я просто отвлёкся в этот момент, это был ненастоящий смех! Не считается! Ядзава Нико: "Видимо, ничего не поделать" *сооблазняюще* нико-нико-ни~ Malay (macrolanguage): "Ia tidak boleh dipercayai, lelaki dan wanita!" * Lebih tembakan * "UN-fucking-DIPERCAYAI!" (Berciut Unholy) AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Saya begitu takut .... saya begitu takut. "Saya tahu apa yang anda cari." Apakah ia ..? tidak. "Adakah yang panjang, sukar diperoleh" "JOHN CENA" * Muzik tema John Cena memainkan * Baik. * Bulatan mula dimainkan * * Tendangan bulatan sebagai nuke jatuh ke tanah dalam slo-mo * * WheeeEEEzeee ketawa * * Sayu * oh tidak Ia bukan satu ketawa sebenar! Ia bukan yang sebenar! Saya terlupa apa yang saya lakukan. I tidak perlu terperangkap dalam masa ini, yang tidak ketawa sebenar! Tidak mengira satu itu! * Jepun * Nico: * menggoda * "Nico nico nii ~" Portuguese: "Não é de confiança, senhoras e senhores!" *Mais tiros* "Não é de confiança!" AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Estou com tanto medo .... Estou com tanto medo .... Homem: Eu sei exatamente o que você está procurando. Mark: O que é? Não. Homem: É longo, duro- J O H N C E N A Okay. *Roundabout começa a tocar* (Apenas um dia normal em Fallout 4) *Bomba vai em direção ao chão em câmera lenta* *Roundabout toca* Continua... *Mark ri* *Cobre o rosto para se esconder de todas as pessoas dizendo que ele riu* Oh não. Não era uma risada verdadeira! Não foi de verdade! Não era uma risada verdadeira! Não foi de verdade! Eu esqueci o que estava fazendo. Fui pego no momento, não foi uma risada de verdade! Não conte como uma! Yazawa Nico: Eu acho que não pode ser ajudado. Nico: * sedutoramente * Nico nico nii ~ Danish: "Det upålidelige, damer og herrer!" * flere skud * "UN-FUCKING-RELIABLE!" (Uheldig skrig) AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Jeg er så bange .... Jeg er så bange. hvad er det...? lad vær "Er det en lang, hård" "JOHN CENA" Okay. * Roundabout begynder at spille * * WeeeeEEEzeee grine * * dæmpet * åh nej Jeg glemte hvad jeg gjorde. Jeg blev fanget i øjeblikket, det var ikke en rigtig grin! Tæl ikke den ene! Nico: (På japansk) tror jeg det ikke kan hjælpe Nico: * forførende * "Nico nico nii ~" Spanish: -¡No es digno de confianza, damas y caballeros! ¡No es confiable, damas y caballeros! ¡Soy fu**** confiable! *bleep* CONFIABLE AAAAAAAA Tengo tanto miedo ... Tengo tanto miedo ... Tengo tanto miedo. Estoy tan asustado. que es?... No Okay *Rie* No era una risa real! ¡No era real! ¡No era una risa real! ... ¡No era una verdadera! (Mmmhmmm ...?) Olvidé lo que estaba haciendo. Me quedé atrapado en el momento, que no era una risa real! ¡No cuente con eso! Nico from Yazawa Niki: Supongo que no puedo ser ayudado Nico: *seductivo* Nico nico nii~ Ukrainian: "Він перевірвав, та й все!" *Більш вистролів* "Все оптимнито!" "АААААААААААА" Я такий напуганий, я такий напуганий... "Я розумію що ти шукаєшь" Що це? Нероби це... Воно длине та тяжке( ͡° ╭͜ʖ╮ ͡° ) "ДЖОН СИНА!" *Музон Джона Сини* (Тана-на-нана-на-тана-тенн) добре... *Фалаут* *Летить толстяк* *бум* *Марк просрав челендж* О ні (Це не був сміх! це не був він!) (Марк, не оправдуйся -_-) Я забув що робив, я подавився у цей момент.Це не считається! Нечестно! ще раз! "Дівчина з аниме" Ніко: Ніко-Ніко Уііііі English: It unreliable, ladies and gents! *more gunshots* UN-FucKING-RELIABLE! AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA I'm so scared.... I'm so scared. (Me too.) I know exactly what you're looking for. What is it..? Don't. Is it a long, hard-( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°) JJJOOOOOHHHHHNNNNN CCCCCEEEEEEENNNNNAAAAA *old meme* Okay. *Roundabout starts playing* *Mini Nuke Appears* *roundabout picks up pace...* *ded* *wheeeEEEzeee laugh* *muffled* oh no It wasn't a real laugh! It wasn't a real one! (sure mark) I forgot what I was doing. I got caught up in the moment, that wasn't a real laugh! Don't count that one! (JUST THIS ONE TIME) (In Japanese) I guess it can't be helped *seductively* "Nico nico nii~" Turkish: (YAPMA BUNU XDDD) *Tost makineden fırlarken X-Files müziği çalar* Polish: *nouuuułłłłłeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee* *sniff* *dźwięki Markimoo* *Ptak nuci czołówkę Rodziny Addamsów* *bang* *BANG* *video się powtarza* *Dasz radę!* UggGGGGH Nope. Niee. Nope! NyieeEEEEEEEEEEEEE *tosty* *tosty* *tosty* *tosty* *kanapka* *piórka* *tostownica* *ptaszek* *tosty* Stop... French: * Même clip vocal, mais légèrement allongé * (Nii utilisé comme bruit de voiture) * Mark cogne contre le mur pour contenir son fou rire* *renifle* *Multiples grognements de Mark* * Oiseaux sifflant le thème de la famille d'Adam * *tape* *BANG* (boom) *Vidéo qui passe en boucle* (répétitions vidéo) uggGGGHH Nan! Nan! Na! nyoooOOOOOOPPPEE NYOOOOOOOOOOOOOOPE * Le Thème de X-Files joue pendant que les tranches de toasts s'envolent hors de l'écran* *La vidéo passe en boucle* *Mark essaie de ne pas rire* Arrêtez... Bulgarian: Не ! Не! Неееее! Спри... English: (same voice clip, but the pitch is changed at different parts to match the video) *dull thump* *sniff* *multiple Mark groaning noises* *Bird whistling Addam's family theme* *whack* *explosion* *Addam's Family Theme Tweet* TAP BOOM uggGGGHH Nope! nUP nyoooOOOOOOPPPEE *Toast soars away to x-files theme* *loops* Stop... Czech: * Stejný hlasový klip, ale prostředí je změněno aby souhlasilo s videem * * Mark bouchne do zdi a snaží se udržet smích * *čich* * víc Markových sténacích zvuků * * Ptačí pískání do rytmu písničky z intra Addams Family * *ťuk * *exploze * * Video se opakuje * Uffff NE! NE! NyyyyyOOOOEEEE *První noty z X-Files* * Video se opakuje * * Video se opakuje * * Mark frká * Stop... Vietnamese: *Mark đập tường* *hít thở* Nope! Không....KHÔNGGGGGGGG dừng lại... Arabic: لا! لااااا! توقف... Chinese: （Mark你快害我輸了你知道嗎） （吸鼻子） （Mark還在繼續掙扎的聲音） （ ♪ ♩ ♫ ♬） （咑） （蹦） （影片重播） uggGGGHH 不！ 播！ 不－－－－！ ...停下來... Malay (macrolanguage): (Klip suara sama, tetapi padang itu changeded) * Berdebar-debar membosankan * *menghidu* * Guna Mark bunyi keluh kesah * * Burung bersiul tema keluarga Addam-kanak * * Klik * *letupan* * Mengulangi video * * Mark menutup muka untuk menyembunyikan kali gagal di tinggal tenang * * Dia menghulurkan * uggGGGHH Nope! DPN nyoooOOOOOOPPPEE * X-Files tema bermain sebagai lalat roti bakar di skrin * * Mengulangi video * * X-Files tema gelung * * Gelung * * Pegangan dalam ketawa sebagai roti bakar ajaib terus terbang di luar * Berhenti ... Swedish: (Samma röstklipp, men becket changeded) * Tråkig duns * *Sniff* * flera Mark ljud groaning * * Bird vissla Addam familj tema * *klick* *explosion* * Video upprepar * * Mark täcker ansiktet för att dölja misslyckade försök på vistas lugn * * Han sträcka * uggGGGHH Nej! NUP nyoooOOOOOOPPPEE * X-Files tema spelar som toast flyger över skärmen * * Video upprepar * * X-Files tema loopar * * Loopar * * Innehav i skratt som magisk toast håller flyga * Sluta... Russian: *Тот же звук, пришпиленный к болиду* *БУМ* *шмыг* *Марк издаёт рычащие звуки в отрицательной манере* *Птичка насвистывает тему из Семейки Аддамс* *тук* *ВЗРЫВ* (повтор) *Марк держится изо всех сил* Ыггхх Не-а! Не! НЕЕЕЕЕЕААААААА *Тема из Секретных Материалов* *видео повторяется* * и снова повторяется* * и снова..* Хватит... Spanish: *aguantando la risa fuertemente* uggGGGHH Nop...nop... NYOOOOO detente... German: (Video wechselt, die Geräusche sind die gleichen) *stumpfer Schlag* *schnief* *verschiedene stöhnende Geräusche von Mark* *ein Vogel pfeift die Addam's Family theme* *klick* *explosion* *Video wiederholt* uggGGGHhhh Nein! Neeeiinnnnnnn *X-Files-Thema spielt, Toast fliegt aus dem Bildschirm* *Video wiederholt**X-Files-Thema wiederholt sich immer wieder* *Schleife* Stop... Portuguese: *Mesma fala mas usa-se como o som que os carros emitem enquanto correm* *Mark se contendo para não rir* *Vários gemidos vindo do Mark*(dor ou frustação eunaumsei) *Calopsita cantando tema da Família Addams* *bate o bico na mesa* *BAAaanG* *Vídeo se repete* (O esforço é visível) uggGGGHH Não! Não! nãããÃÃÃÃOOOOOOOOoooOOOoo *Música tema de Arquivo X toca enquanto uma torrada voa em direção a tela* *Vídeo se repete* *Mark tentando não rir enquanto que o vídeo se repete...e repete...e repete...e repete..OK vou parar* Pare... Persian: نوچ.نه واسا Italian: *La voce della ragazza è usata al posto del rumore del motore* *Mark colpisce il muro per contenersi* *boom* *tira su col naso* *si schiarisce la gola più di una volta* *Uccello che canta la canzone della famiglia Adam's* *tap* *BOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOM* *il video ricomincia* *sta morendo* ugggHHHH No! NO! NoOOOoooOOOoooo Canzone di x-files mentre due pezzi di pane volano *ricomincia il video *di nuovo* *di nuovo* (Mark cerca di non ridere davanti ai toast posseduti) *nona volta che il video si ripete Stop... Dutch: *geluid van F1 auto's vervangen door stemgeluid* "Niiiiiiii" *zachte bonk* *Snuift* *schraapt keel luid* *Vogel fluit deuntje* *klik* *Explosie* *Video begint opnieuw* *Mark rekt zich uit* Ahh Nope! Nope! Nyoooope! *X-files muziek speelt, geroosterd brood vliegt omhoog* *Herhalingen* *Video wordt herhaalt* Stop... Ukrainian: ( Її вопль під гонку ) (Знову Марк?) *Удар* (Шмиганьє носом) *Горло-горло-горло* *Свистять птахи* *Цьок* *Свистять птихи 2Х* *Потягунькі?* Ні Ніа Ніііііііяк *Музон з Х-файлов* *Летить хліб з плесінью* (Що смішного? 0_0) Харе... Finnish: Ei Ei Eip Lopeta Danish: * flere Mark stønne lyde * * Bird whistling Addams familie tema * * Klik * *eksplosion* * video gentagelser * uggGGGHH niks nyoooOOOOOOPPPEE * Første få noter af X-Files * * Loops * Malay (macrolanguage): Berhenti. STOP Gerald! * Lelaki yang video ketawa hysterically * * Dengus kecil * * CR HOLY @ CORAK YANG WAS A Snort CUTE * salah satu yang tidak melucukan Spy: "Ini, adalah baldi." Soldier: "tuhan Dear ..." Spy: "Ada banyak lagi." Soldier: Nooooo .... * Ulang tayang Video dan Mark kehilangan ia * * Wheezes dan gelak di latar belakang * * Mark kehilangan sepenuhnya * * Lebih ketawa * Mengapa ?! Saya telah melihat bahawa sebelum ini! Saya telah melihat bahawa seluruh video! Noooo! Saya lihat sebelum ini. * Video mengulangi lagi * * Mark terus kehilangan cabaran * Mengapa bahawa salah ?! Polish: Stop... Stop. S T O P Spróbuj. *śmiech gościa* To jedno nie było śmieszne. Spy: To jest wiadro. Soldier: Dobry, Boże... Spy: Jest więcej. Soldier: Nieeeeeeeee.... *powtarza się* *Poor boi...* *wszyscy wiedzieliśmy jak to się skończy [*]* *śmieję się razem z Tobą, Markimoo* CZEMU? Widziałem to wcześniej! Oglądałem całe wideo! *Ten... głos...* NIEEE! Widziałem to wcześniej. *chichocze* Czemu to?! Czemu to jest to? English: Stop. S T O P Try (in arabic) Prank'd *Guy in video laughs hysterically* *little snort* That one's not funny This is a Bucket. Dear god There's more. nOOOOO.... *Video replays and Mark loses it because of Soldier* *wheezes and giggles in the background* *Mark finally gives in completely* (aaaaaaaaaaaaaaND I'm calling Tyler) *more laughter* Why?! I've seen that before! I've watched that whole video! NOOOO! I've seen this before. is a bucket. Dear god... There's more. nOOOOO.... *Mark continues to lose the challenge* Why is that the one?! Finnish: Lopeta Lopeta Se ei ole hauska Mitä? Olen nähnyt tuon jo Katsoin sen koko videon Olen nännyt tämä aiemmin Miksi tämä on se Spanish: detente... DETENTE! Ese no es gracioso Espía: Esto, es un cubo Soldado: Querido dios ... Espía: "Hay más" Soldado: Nooooo .... ¡¿Por qué?! ¡Lo he visto antes! He visto todo el video! NOOOO! Ya he visto esto antes. *Repite el video* * Mark sigue perdiendo el reto * Chinese: 停下來。 停﹑下﹑來 （小小漏氣） （憋笑的聲音）那可不好笑 SPY：「這是一個桶子。」 SOLDER：「天啊...」 SPY：「那還有更多。」 SOLDER：「不....」 （影片重播 Mark輸啦ლ（´∀`ლ）） （Mark努力掙扎...） （Mark放棄掙扎） 為什麼？！我已經看過這個了！ 我甚至看了完整版的！ 不－－－！！ 我看過這個... SPY：「－－是一個桶子。」 SOLDER：「天啊...」 SPY：「那還有更多。」 SOLDER：「不....」 （Mark徹底舉白旗的概念） 為什麼是這一個？！ Russian: Хватит... Х В А Т И Т . Геральд! *Геральд , тебя на*бали* *снут* Не, это не смешно Шпион: Это- ведро. Солдат: Матерь божья... Шпион: Но это не все Солдат: Неет... *шпион смотрит на солдата как на отбитого* *видео повторяется и Марка пробивает* (Ждём наказания) Почемуу??! Я видел это раньше! Я смотрел видео целиком! НЕЕЕЕТ!! Я видел это раньше... *видео снова повторяется* *Марк сдался и разнес челлендж* ПОЧЕМУ ИМЕННО ЭТО!? Persian: واسا...واسا این که خنده دار نبود اسپای:این یه سطله سرباز:خدای من اسپای:از اینم بیشتره سرباز:نهههههه چرا؟من که اینو قبلا دیده بودم نههههههه قبلا دیدمش Swedish: Sluta. SLUTA Gerald! * Guy i video skrattar hysteriskt * * Lilla snort * * HELIGA CR @ POLA SOM var en söt SNORT * Att man är inte roligt Spy: "Detta är en hink." Soldier: "Käre Gud ..." Spy: "Det finns mer." Soldier: Nooooo .... * Video repriser och Mark förlorar det * * Rosslar och fnissar i bakgrunden * * Mark förlorar det fullt * * Mer skratt * Varför?! Jag har sett det förut! Jag har sett det hela videon! NOOOO! Jag har sett det här förut. * Video upprepar igen * * Mark fortsätter att förlora utmaningen * Varför är att en ?! German: Stop STOP *Junge im Video lacht hysterisch* Das ist nicht lustig. Spion:" Das, ist ein Eimer." Soldat: "Lieber Gott..." Spion: "Da ist noch mehr." Soldat: "Neeeinnn..." *Video wiederholt und Mark verliert es* *noch mehr lachen* Warum?! Ich hab das vorher schon mal gesehen! Ich hab das ganze Video schon mal angeschaut! NEEEIINNNN! Ich hab das vorher schon gesehen. *Video wiederholt sich erneut* *Mark fährt mit dem verlieren der Challenge fort* Bulgarian: Спри...спри. СПРИ Джералд! Това не беше смешно Шпионин: Това е кофа Войник : Мили боже... Шпионин:Има и още Войник : Неее... Защо! Виждал съм това видео преди! Гледах цялото видео! НЕЕЕЕЕ! Виждал съм го и преди. Turkish: Spy: Bu bir kova Soldier: Yüce tanrım! Spy: Daha fazlası da var. Soldier: Hayır! Neden?! Bunu daha önceden gördüm! Tüm videoyu önceden izledim! Arabic: توقف.. توقف.. توقف! لم يكن هذا مضحكا هذا، دلو... يا الهي العزيز... هناك المزيد.. لا... لماذا؟ لقد رأيت هذا من قبل! لقد شاهدته بأكمله! لا! لقد شاهدت هذا من قبل لما كان ذلك الشئ الذي جعلني اضحك؟ Portuguese: Pare... PARE Homem fala em árabe: "Beba" *Risadas* *Mark solta um som estranho* Esse não é engraçado. Spy: Isto é um balde. Soldado: Meu deus ... Spy: Tem mais. Soldado: Nããão .... *Vídeo se repete* *Mark definitivamente ri*Tadinh* Por quê?! Eu já vi isso antes! Eu assisti o vídeo inteiro! NÃÃÃÃO! Eu já vi isso antes. *Vídeo se repete* *Mark continua a perder o desafio* Por quê é esse? Czech: Stop... STOP Geralde! * Týpek ve videu se hystericky směje * Tenhle není vtipný Spy: Tohle je kbelík Voják: "O muj bože..." Spy: „Je toho víc“ Voják: Neeeee .... Proč?! Viděl jsem to dřív, viděl jsem celé video! Neee! Já to viděl. (Mark se nadále směje) Proč zrovna tenhle ?! Vietnamese: Dừng lại ngay cho chụy DỪNG LẠI cái đó éo bùn cười đâu Điệp viên 007: Đây, là một cái..... XÔ thằng lính: ôi mì gói Điệp viên 007: còn nhìu nữa em Thằng lính: Đùa *video chạy lại và anh Markimoo đã thua* *cười sặc sụa* (chúc mừng anh Markimoo của mình đã thua) Sao Vậy?! chụy đã từng xem nó rùi mà. chụy đã xem cả video cmnr luôn mà! KHÔNGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG chụy đã từng xem nó trước đây rồi *Cười* SAO LẠI LÀ NÓ ?! Danish: Gerald! * Mand i video griner hysterisk * en af dem er ikke sjovt Spion: "Dette er en spand." Soldat: "Kære Gud ..." Spion: "Der er mere." Soldat: Nooooo .... * Video replays og Mark mister det * hvorfor?! jeg har set den før! NEEEEJJJ Jeg har set dette før. Spion: "-Er en spand." * Mark fortsætter med at miste udfordringen * Dutch: Stop... Stop! Gerald! *Persoon lacht overdreven* *Klein lachje* Die was niet grappig "Dit, is een emmer." "Mijn god..." "Er is meer" *cynisch* "Nee..." *Mark lacht* *Mark barst in het lachen uit* *Meer gelach* Waarom?! Ik heb die eerder gezien! Ik heb die hele video gezien! NEE! Ik heb dit al gezien... *Video herhaalt* *Mark barst in het lachen uit* Waarom bij deze?! Italian: Stop...STop. S T O P "Gerald!" *si avvicina e gli mette un dito in bocca* *il tipo nel video si mette a ridere mentre l'altro lo fissa senza capire niente* Questa non è divertente Spia: Questo...è un secchio Soldato: Per l'amor di Dio... Spia: "E c'è di più" Soldato: Nooooo... *La spia guarda in maniera strana il soldato* *Il video ricomincia ma Mark ormai ha perso* *Mark si mette a ridere* Ma perchè? L'avevo già visto. Avevo già visto tutto il videoo! NOOOOOOO! L'ho già visto. *Il video ricomincia* *Mark continua a ridere* French: Arrêtez...Arrêtez ARRÊTEZ Gerald! *Le mec de la vidéo rit hystériquement pendant que l'autre le regarde fixement lui dans la crainte * * Mec qui rit * Celle-là n'était pas drôle Espion : Ceci... est un seau Soldat : Mon Dieu ... Espion : Il y a autre chose... Soldat: Noon...! *Pouffe de rire* Pourquoi?! Je l'ai vu ça avant! J'avais déjà vu cette vidéo ! NOOOON! Je l'avais déjà vue ! *Vidéo qui passe en boucle* *Mark continue de rire et de perdre le challenge* Ukrainian: Харе. Х А Р Е "Геральд!" *Цьом* "Смішний сміх" -_- Це не смішно... Шпигун: "Це Відро." Солдат: "Боооже Міііііій..." Шпигун:" Їх більше." Солдат: Ніііііі..... (Шпигун дивится на солдата як на дурбецило) (Марк просрав челендж ще один раз) -_- (Питаєтся ще держатись) (Марк офіційно його просрав) *Більш сміху* Чому? я бачив це раніше! Я бачив усе це відео! НІІІІІ!!! Я бачив це раніше... Шпигун: "Це Відро." Солдат: "Боооже Міііііій..." Шпигун:" Їх більше." Солдат: Ніііііі..... (Марк продовжує програвати цей челендж) Чому ЦЕ!? Bulgarian: Защо? Не е смешно!! Не знам ! Мамка му загубих. О ,не , загубих! Мамка му Дете : Ти си добра! Кога е концерта ти по цигулка? Момиче: 15 юни Момче : Какъв ден е днес? Момиче : 11 юни Момче : О , този петък? Момиче: Ще можеш ли да дойдеш на концерта ми? Момче: Разбира се Persian: چرا؟این که خنده دار نبود نمیدونم.لعنتی.بازم باختم نه.باختم لعنتی تو بی نظیری.کنسرت ویولونت کو پس؟ پونزده ژوئن امروز چندمه یازده ژوئن اوه!این جمعه؟ میای کنسرتم؟ حتما Portuguese: Por quê?! Nem é tão engraçado !! *Muitas risadas* UUUUGH Eu não sei! Ah, porra eu perdi...(Não me digas...) Ah não! Eu perdi! Ah, merda *Rindo de nervoso* *Menino caminha até a menina que está tocando violino* *Aplauso* *Péssima sincronia labial* Menino: "Você é ótima. Quando é o seu concerto de violino?" *Sincronia ainda horrível* Menina: "15 de junho!" Menino: "Que dia é hoje?" Menina: "11 junho!" Menino "Oh! Nesta sexta?" Menina: "Você pode vir ao meu concerto?" Menino: "Certo!" (Essas crianças devem ser robôs) *Repete vídeo e Mark ri mais ainda* English: WHY?! it's not even that funny!! I've seen this before... Dear god... There's more. nOOOOO.... *hearty, unrestrained laughter* EUUUGH I don't know! Oh, fuck I lost... Oh no! I lost! Oh shit *muffled laughter/panic/crying* *Oblivion music* *Kid starts clapping awkwardly* *horrible lip sync coupled with bad, bad voice acting* Kid: "You are great. When is your violin concert?" *Still horrible lip sync* Girl: "June 15th!" "What's the day today?" "June 11!" *exceedingly awkward pause* "Oh! This Friday?" "Can you come to my concert?" "Sure!" *torment slowly winds to an end* Ukrainian: ЧОМУ!? Це навідь не так смішно!!! Я Бачив це... Солдат: "Боооже Міііііій..." Шпигун:" Їх більше." Солдат: Ніііііі..... *Сміх* АААГГХХХ Я не розумію Ой, бліа я програв... О ні, я програв! Ось лайно... *Панический сміх* *Музон з Oblivion* *Дітина дуже гарно грає (ні)* *Ужасна кримецниця рта* "Ти була дуже яскрава, коли твій концерт?" *Теж саме у дівчини* "15 червня!" Сьогодні яка дата? "11 черевня!" "Охх, цей п'ятницей?" "Зможешь прийти на мій концерт?" "Звістно!" (ХТО ВОНИ ТАКІ!?) Arabic: لماذا؟! انه ليس مضحكا لهذة الدرجة حتي! لا اعرف! اللعنة لقد خسرت... لا! لقد خسرت! تبا تبا "انتي رائعة، متي سيكون حفل الكمان خاصتك؟" "الخامس عشر من يونيو!" "ما هو تاريخ اليوم؟" "انه الحادي عشر من يونيو" "انه يوم الجمعة؟!" "هل ستأتي الي حفلي؟" "بالتأكيد!" Chinese: 為什麼？！這甚至不算很好笑！！ 我看過這個了... SOLDER：「天啊...」 SPY：「那還有更多。」 SOLDER：「不....」 哦呃呃呃呃呃.... 我不知道！ 哦淦 我輸了.... 哦不！我輸了！ 哦靠... （這真是令人尷尬的鼓勵） （是我錯覺還是他們嘴形怪怪的） 小男孩：「你拉得真好，你的演奏會是什麼時候？」 （恩看來不是我的錯覺） 小女孩：「六月十五日。」 （超過一百分。） 小男孩：「今天幾號？」 （...我還是看Mark吧） 小女孩：「六月十一日。」 （尷尬演技的繼續） 小男孩：「喔！這禮拜五嗎？」 （Mark真是不留面子（我也是我知道）） 小女孩：「你可以來我的表演會嗎？」 小男孩：「當然！」 Finnish: Miksi! Ei tämä ole edes niin hauska Voi hitto, minä hävisin Voi ei! Hävisin Voi paska Vietnamese: Sao?! nó có bùn cười chỗ nào đâu * cười và tiếp tục cười* EUGHGHGH tui ko bít! zời ơi tui thua rồi.oh, tôi lại thua( 1 lần nữa) ôi ko?! tôi thua! tôi lại thua! cái đm! đậu xanh rau má! *cười liên tục?hoang mang*( tiếp tục cười) thằng con:"mày tuyệt lắm.Khi nào mày có buổi hoa nhạc violin jodie Foster:ngày 15 tháng 6!" thằng con giai:" thế hôm nay ngày bao nhiu?" Jodie Foster: ngày 11 tháng 6 thằng giai: oh! là thứ 6?' Jodie Foster: mày tới coi bủi diển của tao đc ko? *video lặp lại* Malay (macrolanguage): Mengapa ?! ia bukan juga yang lucu !! * Ketawa * EUUUGH Saya tidak tahu! Oh, fuck saya kehilangan ... Oh tidak! Saya hilang! oh shit * Sayu ketawa / panik * * Oblivion muzik * * Kid bermula bertepuk canggung * * Penyegerakan bibir dahsyat * Kid: ". Anda yang besar Bilakah konsert violin anda?" * Masih dahsyat lip sync * Girl: "Jun 15!" "Apa yang hari hari ini?" "11 Jun!" "Oh! Ini Jumaat?" "Bolehkah anda datang ke konsert saya?" "Sure!" Polish: Czemu? To nie jest nawet tak śmieszne! *śmiech* EUUGH Nie wiem! Och, kurwa, przegrałem... Och nie! Przegrałem! *[*]* Cholera *[*]* *klask, klask* Boi: Jesteś dobra. Kiedy jest twój koncert skrzypcowy? Gurl: 15 czerwca! Boi: Jaki jest dzisiaj dzień? Gurl: 11 czerwca! Boi: Och! Ten piątek? Gurl: Możesz przyjść na mój koncert? Boi: Jasne! Italian: Ma perchèè?! Non è nemmeno divertente!! *ride* AAAAAGH Non lo so! Non lo so! C***o ho perso. Oh noo! Ho perso! Oh merda *ride* (o piange?) *Il bambino si avvicina alla ragazza col violino* *Inizia ad applaudire in maniera strana* *Totalmente fuori sync* "Sei brava. Quando ci sarà il tuo concerto?" "Il 15 Giugno!" "Che giorno è oggi?" "11 Giugno!" "Oh! Quindi questo venerdì?" "P uoi ve ni re a l mi o co nc ert o?" "CertO!" (Ma cosa sta succedendo?) *Il video ricomincia e Mark scoppia a ridere* Turkish: Nedeennn?! Bu o kadar komik de değil!! *Berbat lip sync (şimdi anlatamam internetten bakın)* Harıkasın. Keman dersini nereden aldın? *Hala berbat lip sync* Kız : "15 Haziran!" "Peki!" (Eminim bu çocuklar robot) Swedish: Varför?! det är inte ens så roligt !! *skratt* EUUUGH Jag vet inte! Åh, fan jag förlorade ... Å nej! Jag förlorade! Oh shit * Dova skratt / panik * * Oblivion musik * * Kid börjar klappa olyckligt * * Hemsk lip sync * Kid "Du är bra när är din violin konsert?" * Fortfarande hemsk lip sync * Girl "15 juni!" "Vad är det för dag idag?" "11 juni!" "Oh! Denna fredag?" "Kan du komma till min konsert?" "Säker!" Czech: Proč?! Tohle není ani vtipný !! *smích* EUUUGH Já nevím! O k*rva ja prohrál... Ach ne! Prohrál jsem! prohrál jsem! Do prdele * Tlumený smích / panika * *Muzika zapomnění* *Tleskot* * Hrozný lip sync * Kluk: „Ty si skvělá, kdy je váš houslový koncert?“ * Ještě horší lip sync * Girl "15.června!" Kluk: „Kolikátého je dnes?“ Dívka: 11.června! Kluk: Ou! TENTO PÁTEK? Girl: Můžeš přijít na můj koncert?" "Jasně!" Dutch: Waarom! Het is niet eens zo grappig! *kwaadaardige lach* Heuuuuuu Ik snap het niet! Oh fuck, ik heb verloren... Oh nee! Ik heb verloren! Oh shit *Muziek speelt* *Kind begint ongemakkelijk te klappen* *slechte gesyngroniseerde voice-over* "Je bent geweldig. Wanneer is je viool-concert?" "15 juni" "Welke is het vandaag?" "11 juni!" "Oh, deze vrijdag?" "Kun je naar mijn concert gaan?" "Natuurlijk" Spanish: ¡¿Por qué?! ¡Ni siquiera es gracioso! EUUUGH ¡No lo sé! ¡No lo sé! Oh f ** k perdí. ¡Oh no! ¡Perdí! (Sabíamos desde el principio Marki) perdí! * Horrible labio sincronizado * niño: "Eres genial, ¿Cuándo es tu concierto de violín?" * Todavía horrible labio sincero * Chica: "15 de junio!" "¿Qué día es hoy?" Junio 11 Oh! ¿Este Viernes? "¿Puedes venir a mi concierto?" "¡Por supuesto!" (Estoy bastante seguro de que estos niños son robots) "¡Claro!" French: Pourquoi?! C'est même pas si drôle ! *Eclats de rires* EUUUGH Je ne sais pas! Je ne sais pas! Oh pu**** j'ai perdu. Oh non! J'ai perdu! J'ai perdu! Oh m**de *Rire étouffé* *L'enfant applaudit* * Synchronisation horrible des lèvres * Enfant: "Hé t'es douée ! Ton concert de violon est quand ?" *Synchronisation labiale horrible * 2nd enfant: "Le 15 Juin!" Enfant : "Quel jour sommes-nous?" 2nd enfant : "Le 11 juin!" Enfant : "Oh! Ce vendredi?" 2nd enfant : "Tu peux venir à mon concert ?" Enfant : Bien sûr ! Russian: ПОЧЕМУУ!? Это не настолько смешно! *смех , который так долго скапливался, наконец выбрался наружу* ЭЭЭЭЭХХ *кашель* Яя не знаю ! Гх, б*я, я проиграл О нет, я проиграл! О чёрт... *мычание, полное отчаяния* Пацан с плохой синхронизацией губ: "Ты великолепна! Когда твой концерт?" У девули такие же проблемы с губами: "15-го июня!" Пацан: "Какой сегодня день?" Девуля: "11-е июня!" Пацан: "О, так значит в пятницу?" Девуля: "Придешь на мой концерт?" Пацан: "Конечно!" (Эти дети что, роботы?) *Видео повторяется и Марк зарывает себя еще глубже* Danish: hvorfor?! er den slet ikke sjovt!! *latter* EUUUGH Jeg ved ikke! Åh nej! Jeg tabte! Åh pis * dæmpet latter / panik * * Oblivion musik * * Kid begynder at klappe akavet * * Forfærdelig læbe synkronisering * Kid: "Du er fantastisk. Hvornår er din violinkoncerte?" * Stadig forfærdelig lip synkronisering * Pige: "15. juni!" "Hvad er dagen i dag?" "11. juni!" "Åh! Denne fredag?" "Kan du komme til min koncert?" "Jo da!" * Video gentagelser og Mark mister nogle mere * German: Warum?! Das ist nicht mal wirklich lustig!! *lachen* EUUUGH Ich weiß nicht! Oh nein! Ich hab verloren! Oh scheiße *gedämpftes lachen/panik* *Kind fängt an mit klatschen* *Schreckliche Lippensynchronisation* Kind: "Du bist toll. Wann ist dein Violinen Konzert?" *Schreckliche Lippensynchronisation* Mädchen: "Am 15. Juni!" "Was ist heute für ein Tag?" "11. Juni!" "Oh! Diesen Freitag?" "Kannst du zu meinem Konzert kommen?" "Sicher!" Russian: Бл*ть.. идти к кому то и... *передразнивет пацана* Ьх, это весьма неплохо Неплохо! Горжусь тобой! Ладно, окей, я проиграл ( неудивительно) СНОООВА Ох еп.. *Звонит Тайлеру* Тайлер: Здоров , Марк -Я записывал "Попробуй не заржать Челлендж" -И я... - я поспорил что не буду смеяться... ...и проспорил Тайлер: О, снова будет наказание? *оба смеются* - Нет, если ты его не сделаешь Тайлер: Тогда я злобно посмеюсь *Марк смеется снова* - Да, хорошо, вперед Тайлер: Окей , МВАХАХХХУХАХАХАМА МУАХАХМАУАХМХААА Т-ты звучишь как Граф с "Улицы Сезам" Polish: *śmiech* Kurwa... Idąc prosto do kogoś i... *klap, klap* Ej, to bardzo dobre. *klask* Nie jest złe. *więcej niezręcznych klaśnięć* Hey, jestem z Ciebie dumny. W porządku, okej. Przegrałem. ZNOWU! Mark: Nagrywałem film i uhh... I uhh... Założyłem się, że się nie zaśmieję... I się zaśmiałem... Tyler: Och, czy to jest kolejna kara? *śmiech* Mark: Mam na myśli.. nie, jeśli nie zrobisz kolejnej kary. Tyler; To ja tylko zrobię, złowrogi śmiech. Mark: Ta, zrób to, okej. Tyler: mmmMMMWAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAAAAAAAA Brzmiałeś jak... jak ten hrabia z ulicy sezamowej. Finnish: Se on se hiton suoraan jonkun luo käveleminen ja.. Hei, toi on aika hyvä Ei huonosti siellä Hei. Teet minut ylpeäksi Olkoon, okei. Minä hävisin Taas! Voi pojat Hei Mark! Nauoitin videota ja Minä Nauhoitin "Yritä olla nauramatta" Ja veikkasin, etten naura sille Ja minä nauroin Onko siinä toista rangaistusta? Meinaan ei jos et tee siihen toista rangaistusta Teen vain pahan naurun sitten Joo anna mennä, okei Hän kuullosti Hän kuullosti kreiviltä Sesame Streetistä Ukrainian: *Відео пывторяэться, та Марк ще більше програв.* Ой цуко... гарно парень подойшов та похлопав Ну це було дуже яскраво! *Хлопає* Непогано Вони, дають мені гордитися *Ще хлопає...* Добре, я програв ЗНООООООВУУУУУУ! О боже... *Звонить* Я записував відео та... Я... Я еммм... знимав Спробуй не Усміхнутися Та ммммм.... Я сказав що небуду сміятися Та я усміхнувся... *Вони оба сміються* Я надіюсь що ти мені не зробиш ще одне наказування... *сміх марка* Марк: Добре їди до цього Тайлер: Добре Тайлер: Паахахмахахаха МУАХАХАХАХА У тебе голос як у якогось девла Persian: اینطوری نزدیک کسی شدن این که خیلی خوبه زیادم بد نیست باعث میشه به خودم افتخار کنم. باشه.باختم.باختم بازم پسر تایلر:چطوری مارک مارک:داشتم ویدیو ضبط میکردمو و چالش نخندیدن بود و اممم و شرط بسته بودم که نخندم ولی خندیدم تایلر:اوه باز باید تنبیه شی؟ مارک:البته اگه این کارو نکنی تایلر:پس باید خنده شیطانی بکنم مارک:آره انجامش بده صدات شبیه صدات شبیه کانت توی سسیم استریت شد German: *lachen* Was zum f*beep*...zu irgendjemanden gehen und *Mimik aus dem Video* Ey, das ist richtig gut *klatschen* Nicht sehr schlecht. *weiteres Händeklatschen* Hey, ich bin wirklich stolz auf mich. In Ordnung, okay, ich hab verloren. Schon wiieeddeerr! Mark: Ich nehme gerade ein Video auf, und, uh, Ich nehme ein "Versuch nicht zu lachen" Video auf und äh, Tyler: Oh gibt es eine weitere Strafe? Mark: Yeah, mach ruhig....okay Du klingst wie - du klingst wie der Graf von der Sesamstraße. Vietnamese: *Mark cười bể bụng* Cái kiểu mà ... đi thẳng tới mặt người ta Ey con chó, cái đó cũng được *võ tay* Cũng ko tồi *thêm mấy tiễng vỗ tay xamloz* Ê, mài làm tao hơi bị tự hào. Ê, hơi bị tụ hào đó * thêm tiếng vỗ tay * Được roài,ok, mị thua, ok,mị thua sml ra LẦN NỮA! (Thế phần trước bảo ko có tí linh hồn nào) OOOOOOO ĐỆC Tyler: Giề Mark Mark: Mị thì đang quay "porn" và uhhh và uhhhh VÀ mị đã hết khăn Ý là, không nếu em làm one hành quyết. :3 Tyler: Vậy chế sẽ làm một nụ cười sấu xa nhe! :D Ừa làm đê Tyler: mmmmMAHAHAHAHAHWAHAHAHWWWWWWHAHAHAHAHAHHAH MAHAHAHHWAHAHAHWAMA Chế làm như Count từ Phố Sesame vậy. Czech: Kurva ... šel přímo k někomu Ey, to bylo dost dobré * tleská * Nebylo to špatné. Hej, opravdu mě dělají pyšným. * Více tleskotu * V pořádku, ok, prohrál jsem. ZNOVU! Ou kámo Tyler: Ahoj Marku Mark: Nahrával jsem video a uhhh ... Nahrával jsem Snaž se nesmát... A Uhhhh ... A vsadil jsem se, že se nebudu smát ..... A já se smál Tyler: Ou ... je tu další trest? * oba se smějou * Mark: Myslím ... že ne, pokud nevymyslíš další trest Tyler: Tak já prostě udělám zlý smích * Mark se začne smát * Mark: Jo, jdi na to .. ok Tyler: mmMMMWAAHAHAHAHAHAHA ..... MAAAAHAHAHAH Mluvíš jako- Mluvíš jako hrabě z Sesame Street Italian: *Continua a ridere di gusto* Mark: "Vai verso la tipa e fai" *imita il ragazzo nel video* "Hey, proprio brava sei" *applaude* Niente male *continua ad applaudire* Mi rendi orgoglioso Ok, ok, ho perso. DI NUOVO! Ooooh ragazzi *chiama Tyler* "Stavo registrando una prova a non ridere challenge" E... Ho scommesso che non avrei riso... E invece ho riso Tyler: Oh.. quindi un'altra punizione? *ridono entrambi* "Beh se non vuoi farlo" Tyler : Adesso farò una risata malvagia *Mark ride a caso* "Ok ok vai!" Tyler: mmMMMWAAHAHAHAHAHAHA..... MAAAAHAHAHAH Sembri- sembri il Conte di Sesame Street Arabic: تقف امام شخص ما وتقوم بـ.. هذا جيد جدا هذا ليس سيئا.. انتي تجعلني فخورا حسنا لقد خسرت مجددا! تايلر- مرحبا يا مارك مارك- لقد كنت اسجل فيديو و... و... و راهنت انني لن اضحك وضحكت تايلر- هل سيكون هناك عقابا اخر؟ مارك- اعني، ان لم تقوموا بعقاب فلن يكون هناك عقاب تايلر- سأقوم بضحكة شريرة اذا مارك- قم بها اذا انت تشبه.. Turkish: *Çıldırırken* Bunu sokaktan birine yaptığınızı düşünün. Hey bu gerçekten güzeldi. Fena değildin! Beni gururlandırdın Peki,tamam. Kaybettim YENİDEEEN!! Off... Tyler : Selam Mark Mark :Video çekiyordum.. ve uh... Gülmemeye çalışma videosu çekiyordum Gülmeyeceğime iddiaya girmiştim ve güldüm Tyler: Oh yani başka bir ceza mı ? *ÇILDIRIYOR* Başka bir ceza üretmezsen!*Hala çıldırıyor* Tyler: O zaman bir şeytani gülüş yapayım. Evet yap çok iyi olur. *ŞEYTANİ GÜLÜŞ* Aynı şeye benzemişsin...*Tam olarak anlamadım kb* French: "Genre... tu t'avances vers quelqu'un comme ça" "Hey, c'était très bien!* *Applaudit* "Pas mal" "Tu me rends très fier !" D'accord, très bien, j'ai perdu ENCORE! Tyler : Hey Mark Mark: J'enregistrais une vidéo et... c'était un challenge "Essaye de ne pas rire" Et uhhhh... J'ai parié que je n'allais pas rire... Et j'ai ri Tyler : Oh, il y aura une autre punition ? Mark: Eh bien...Pas si tu n'en fais pas une autre Tyler : Je vais faire un rire diabolique Mark: Oui, vas-y Tu ressembles au compte de sesame street Spanish: El maldito ... caminar directamente a alguien * Imita video * Hey, eso es bastante bueno * aplausos * No está mal allí. * Más aplausos torpes * Hey, realmente me hace orgulloso. (Gracias Markimoo) Bien, ok perdí OTRA VEZ! hooo boy Tyler: Hey Mark Mark: estaba grabando un "intenta no reírse" y uhh.... Y aposte a que no me reiría de ello ..... y me reí Tyler: Oh ... ¿hay otro castigo? >:3 (El sabe) Mark: Quiero decir ... no si no haces otro castigo Tyler: Voy a hacer una risa malvada entonces Mark: Sí, adelante. Bueno. Tyler: mmMMMWAAHAHAHAHAHAHA..... MAAAAHAHAHAH Suenas como ... suenas como el Conde de Sesame Street Chinese: （影片重播 Mark又輸啦ლ(・∀・ )ლ） 他就他喵的...走到別人前就－－（模仿小男孩） 欸 那很不錯呢 （拍拍拍（我舔舔舔（住手））） 不壞嘛 （繼續尷尬地拍拍拍（我繼續－－（被拖走））） 嘿 你真令我感到驕傲 （譯者已經被拖走了） 很好 OK 我輸了 又一次－－－－！！ 天啊 Tyler：嘿Mark Mark：我在錄一支影片，然後呃... 我﹑ 我呃﹑我在錄「不要笑大挑戰」 然後呃﹑ 我賭我不會笑... 然後我就笑了 Tyler：喔，所以又要懲罰了？ （兩個人（+譯者）一起笑了） Mark：我是說，如果你沒有要懲罰就不用啊 Tyler：那我就來個邪惡的笑聲吧 Mark：好喔，來吧OKAY Tyler：好喔 （邪惡的笑聲） 你很像－－你笑起來很像芝麻街裡面的Count English: *Video repeats and Mark loses some more* The fucking... walking straight up to someone *Mimics video* Ey, that pretty good *claps* Not bad there. *more awkward claps* Hey, really doing me proud. *Claps yet again...* Alright, ok, I lost (not surprised here) AgaAAAAAIN! Ohh boy *Dialtone* Mark: I was recording a video, and uh... I... I uh... I was recording a Try Not to Laugh And uh, I bet that I wouldn't laugh at it..... And I laughed *both laughing* I mean, not if you don't make there another punishment *Mark bursts out laughing* Yeah, go for it, okay... Alright. (Laugh cornier than a state fair) You sound like- you sound like the Count from Sesame Street Dutch: *Mark lacht alweer* Fucking... Loop je naar iemand toe... *klapt* Hé, dat is best goed *klapt* Niet slecht *klapt weer* Hey, doet me trots. Vooruit, oké, ik heb verloren Alweer! oh jeetje *Mark belt* Tyler: Hey Mark Mark: ik was een video aan het opnemen, enneh, ik was bezig met een Try Not to Laugh.. En uh I had beloofd niet te lachen... En ik lachte wel... Tyler: Oh is er weer een straf? *Lachen beide* Mark: niet als je geen straf bedenkt Tyler: in dat geval doe ik gewoon een kwaadaardige lach *Mark lacht* Mark: Vooruit dan Tyler: mmMMMWAAHAHAHAHAHAHA..... MAAAAHAHAHAH Je klinkt als die ene van Sesamstraat Bulgarian: Проклетото ... вървене на пред към някого ( имитира видеото) Хей , това беше много добре Не е зле . Караш ме да се гордея Добре , добре , загубих ОТНОВО О божке Тайлър : Хей Марк Марк : Записвах видео.Записвах "Опитай да не се смееш" И , а се обзаложих че няма да загубя... и аз се засмях Тайлър: О ... ще има ли ново наказание? Марк: Искам да кажа ... не ако не направиш друго наказание Тайлър: Просто ще се изсмея злобно , тогава Марк : Да , давай ... чудесно Марк: Звучиш като ... Звучиш като " Графът" от "Улица Сезам" Danish: Den fucking ... går lige op til nogen * Mimics video * Øj, det er ret godt Ikke dårligt der. AgaAAAAAIN! Mark: Jeg optagede en video, og uh ... * begge griner * Mark: Jeg mener, ikke hvis du ikke gør der en anden straf Mark: Ja, gå for det, okay ... MAAAAHAHAHAH Du lyder som om du ligner greven fra Sesam Street Portuguese: Andar reto até alguém e *aplausos embaraçosos na cara dela* Ei, isso foi muito bom *aplausos embaraçosos* Nada mal. *aplausos embaraçosos* Ei, realmente está me deixando orgulhoso *mais aplausos embaraçosos* Tudo bem, okay, eu perdi.(Naao...) NOVAMENTE! Oh, cara. *Ligando para o Tyler* Tyler: Hey Mark Mark: Eu estava gravando um vídeo de Tente Não Rir E uhhhh ... E eu apostei que eu não iria rir..... E eu ri Tyler: Oh ... há outra punição? *Risadas* Mark: Eu quero dizer ... Não se você não fizer outra punição. Tyler: Eu só vou fazer uma risada maligna então. *Mark ri* Mark: Sim, vai nessa ... okay. Tyler: mmMMMWWAAHAHAHAHAHAHA ..... Tyler: MWWAAAAHAHAHAH Mark: Você soa como o conde da Vila Sésamo Malay (macrolanguage): * Ulangan Video dan Mark kehilangan beberapa lagi * fucking yang ... berjalan lurus sehingga seseorang * video Meniru * Ey, yang cukup baik * tepukan * Tidak buruk di sana. * Tepukan lebih janggal * Hey, benar-benar memberikan aku bangga. Alright, ok, saya hilang agaAAAAAIN! Ohh budak Mark: Saya telah merakam video, dan, uh, saya telah mencatatkan Cuba Belum Ketawa Dan uh, Saya yakin bahawa saya tidak akan ketawa pada itu ..... Dan saya ketawa * Kedua-dua ketawa * Mark: Maksud saya, tidak jika anda tidak membuat ada hukuman lain * Mark pecah ketawa * Mark: Yeah, pergi untuk itu .. okay Tyler: mmMMMWAAHAHAHAHAHAHA ..... MAAAAHAHAHAH Anda bunyi disukai oleh anda bunyi seperti Count dari Sesame Street Swedish: * Video upprepningar och Mark förlorar lite mer * Den jävla ... gå rakt upp till någon * Härmar video * Ey, som ganska bra * klappar * Inte illa där. * mer besvärliga klappar * Hej, verkligen gör mig stolt. Okej, ok, förlorade jag IGEEEEEEEEEN! Oboj Mark: Jag spelade in en video och, eh, jag spelade in ett försök att inte skratta Och eh, Jag slår vad om att jag inte skulle skratta åt det ..... Och jag skrattade * Båda skrattar * Mark: Jag menar, inte om du inte gör det ett annat straff * Mark brister ut i skratt * Mark: Ja, gå för det .. okej Tyler mmMMMWAAHAHAHAHAHAHA ..... MAAAAHAHAHAH Du låter liknande-du låter som greven från Sesame Street Dutch: *Lacht zoals Tyler* Eén! Je had gelijk! Ik had het mis! Ik heb gelacht, het is mijn schuld, dus we zien die straf later wel Dus, bedankt allemaal voor het kijken, als je het leuk vond, laat me dat weten in de reacties Als je nog eentje wil zien, laat dan ook een reactie achter En ook als je suggesties hebt voor grappige videos Bedankt, en zoals altijd, Ik zie jullie in de volgende video. Buh bye! English: *Mimics Tyler's laugh* ONE! You were right! I was wrong! I laughed. It's my fault, so... We'll see about that punishment later... (can't wait! >:D) So thank you everybody so much for watching. If you enjoyed this let me know down the comments below. (I certainly enjoyed it) Do you want to see another one let me know in the comments below as well. (ooh please) And if you have suggestions for funny clips put those down there as well. Thanks again, and as always. I will see you in the next video. Buh Bye! Vietnamese: *bắt chước cười của Tyler* 1! Mấy chế đúng! Chế sai! Chế cười. Là lỗi cùa chế, vậy chúng ta sẽ coi về cái hình phạt đó sao. (Thôi coi ngay bây giờ đi! :c) Cảm ơn mội người vì đã xem. Nếu mấy bạn thích thú thì cho mình biết ở cái chỗ comment bên dưới. Nếu ai có tìm ra được một video mắc cười thì cũng nhét vào đó luôn! Lại cảm ơn nữa, và như mọi khi. Chế sẽ gặp lại sau trong video tiếp theo. Buh bai!!!! :3 Chinese: （手機鈴聲（你給我停下來）） 你們是對的！我是錯的！ 我笑了 這是我的錯﹑所以... 懲罰這件事我們會再看看吧 那麼謝謝各位的觀看 如果你很喜歡這個的話可以留言讓我知道 你想不想看下一集也留言讓我知道吧 而且如果你有推薦的搞笑影片的話也可以留言唷 再次感謝，那麼不變的： 我們會在下一支影片 相見 掰掰～ （譯者只有翻譯後半段歡迎來找我玩！） Finnish: yksi Olet oikeassa. Olin väärässä Minä nauroin Se oli minun syytäni Joten Katsotaan sitä rangaistusta myöhemmin Joten kiitos kaikille paljon kun katsoitte Jos nautit tästä, kerro minulle kommenteissa alhaalla Jos haluat nähdä toisen, kerro minulle kommenteissa alhaalla Jos jos sinulla on ehdotuksia hauskaan pätkään, laita ne sinne alas kanssa Kiitos taas Ja kuten aina Näin sinut Seuraavassa videossa Hei hei! Danish: * Mimics Tyler's grin * Nej du havde ret, jeg tog fejl Jeg grinede. Det er min skyld, så ... Så tak alle så meget for at se på. Hvis du har det godt, lad mig vide nedenstående kommentarer. hvis du gerne se en anden video så lad mig få det at vide ved at kommentere denne video hvis du har en ide så bare kommentere videoen her Tak igen, og som altid. Jeg vil se dig i den næste video. Buh Bye! Persian: یک شما راست میگفتین!مشکل از من بود خندیدم تقصیر من بود خب بعدا تنبیه رو میبینیم و ممنون ازتون که این ویدیو رو تماشا کردین اگه از این ویدیو لذت بردین تو کامتا بگین که بدونم اگه یه چالش نخندیدن دیگه میخواین بهم بگین تا بدونم و اگه ویدیو خنده دار دارین لینکشو تو کانتا برام بزارین بازم تشکر میکنم و مثل همیشه شما رو تو ویدیوی بعدی میبینم بای بای Russian: *передразнивает Тайлера* Раз! Вы были правы! Я ошибался! Я засмеялся. Моя вина, значит мы скоро увидим обещанное наказание. Так что... спасибо вам всем огромное за просмотр! Если тебе понравилось, то дай мне знать это в комментариях ниже Если хочешь увидеть больше, то дай мне знать в комментариях, опять же. И если у тебя есть ссылки на смешные ролики, то кинь их туда же Спасибо снова, и как всегда, встретимся в следующем видео! Пока-пока! Turkish: Taklidini yapıyor. Evet haklıydınız... Ben yanıldım! Ben güldüm, ve benim suçum (Tamam mark ağlama :D) Ceza hakkında daha sonra görüşeceğiz. Bu yüzden hepinize teşekkürler! Eğer eğlendiyseniz yorumlar kısmında belirtmeyi unutmayın. Bir tane daha görmek isterseniz yorumlarda belirtin, ve eğer daha iyi bir fikriniz varsa yine aynı şekilde. Yine teşekkürler ve yine her zamanki gibi, sonraki videoda görüşmek üzere. BaBayy!!! Swedish: * Härmar Tyler skratt * Ett! Du hade rätt! Jag hade fel! Jag skrattade. Det är mitt fel, så vi får se om det straff senare Så tack alla så mycket för att titta på. Om du haft låta detta mig veta ner kommentarerna nedan Vill du se en annan låt mig veta i kommentarerna nedan samt. Och om du har förslag på roliga klipp sätta dem där nere Tack igen, och som alltid. Jag kommer att se dig i nästa video. Hej då! Ukrainian: *Мімікрує сміх тайлера* Один Ти бкв правий, я був неправий Я усміхнувся, це моя вина, тому... Ми побачемо нове моє покарання Дякую всім за просмотр, надіюсь вам понравилося це відео. Якщо ви хочете інше відео у такому разі, дайте мені це знати. Гарні видоси для іншого випуска у коменти кидайте. Дякую за увагу, побачимось у іншому відосі Бувайте! (Якщо вам доподобався мій переклад, тоооо... поставте цьому відосу лайк? чи що я можу піпросити...) Spanish: * Imita la risa de Tyler * uno ¡Usted tenía razón! ¡Estaba equivocado! (De nuevo...) Me reí. Es mi culpa, así que veremos acerca de ese castigo más tarde Así que muchas gracias a todos por mirar. Si ha disfrutado de esto, házmelo saber los siguientes comentarios ¿Quieres ver a otro que me haga saber en los comentarios a continuación también? Y si tienes sugerencias para clips divertidos poner los que hay Gracias de nuevo, y como siempre. Te veré en el siguiente video. Buh Bye! Malay (macrolanguage): * Ketawa Meniru Tyler kanak * Satu! Anda betul! Saya salah! Saya ketawa. Ia adalah kesilapan saya, jadi kita akan melihat tentang hukuman yang kemudian Jadi terima kasih semua orang banyak untuk menonton. Jika anda menikmati ini beritahu saya ke bawah komen di bawah Adakah anda ingin melihat satu sama lain beritahu saya dalam komen di bawah juga. Dan jika anda mempunyai cadangan untuk klip lucu meletakkan mereka di bawah sana Terima kasih sekali lagi, dan seperti biasa. Aku akan melihat kamu dalam video seterusnya. Buh Bye! * tunggu episode lagu ni akan datang noh.* German: Eins! Ihr hattet recht! Ich lag falsch! Ich lachte! Es ist meine Schuld, also überleg ich mir meine Strafe später. Danke an alle fürs zuschauen. Wenn es dir gefallen hat, lass es mich mit einem Kommentar wissen. Wenn du irgendwas anderes sehen willst, lass es mich ebenfalls durch einen Kommentar wissen. Und hast du Vorschläge für andere lustige Sachen, pack die ebenfalls da rein. Danke nochmals, und wie immer. Ich will dich im nächsten Video sehen. Bey, Bey! Italian: *Mark imita Tyler* Uno! Avevate ragione! E io torto! (Ovviamente ;) ) Ho riso. È colpa mia, quindi vedremo più tardi la punizione Grazie a tutti per aver visto il video. Se vi è piaciuto fatemelo sapere attraverso i commenti qua sotto E se ne volete un'altra fatemelo sapere sempre nei commenti E se avete suggerimenti per dei video divertenti mettete anche quelli qua sotto nei commenti Grazie ancora, e come sempre, ci vediamo nel prossimo video Ciao ciao! Portuguese: *Mark imita a risada do Tyler* 1! Vocês estavam certos! Eu estava errado! Eu ri. A culpa é minha, por isso vamos ver sobre essa punição mais tarde. Então, muito obrigado a todos por assistirem. Se você gostou deixe-me saber nos comentários abaixo. Se você quer ver outro deixe-me saber nos comentários abaixo também. E se você tiver sugestões de vídeos engraçados coloque eles aí embaixo. Obrigado mais uma vez e, como sempre, eu te vejo no próximo vídeo. Tchau tchau! (M.B) Arabic: واحد! حسنا، لقد كنتم محقين! انا كنت مخطئ! لقد ضحكت لذا، شكرا لكم جميعا علي المشاهدة وان اردتم المزيد فقولوا لي في التعليقات وان كان لديكم مقترحات لمقاطع مضحكة فقولوا لي في التعليقات ايضا شكرا مجددا، وكالعادة.. سأراكم في الفيديو القادم الي اللقاء! Bulgarian: Марк : Едно Марк : Ти беше прав ! Аз сгреших Засмях се ! Вината е моя , за това ще видим какво ще направим с наказанието по-късно Благодаря на всички че гледахте! Ако се забавлявахте , кажете ми в коментарите по-долу Искате ли да видите още от тези видеа , кажете ми по-долу в коментарите , също. И ако имате предложения за забавни клипове ги сложете също там Благодаря на всички че гледахте , и както винаги , ще се видим във следващото видео Чао - Чао French: Un! Tu avais raison! J'avais tort! J'ai ri. C'est ma faute, donc nous verrons plus tard pour la punition Je vous remercie tout le monde d'avoir regardé la vidéo. Si vous avez apprécié faites le moi savoir en commentaire Si vous voulez en voir un autre faites le moi savoir dans les commentaires aussi Et si vous avez des suggestions pour des vidéos drôles envoyez les en bas Merci encore, et comme toujours. Je vous verrai dans la vidéo suivante. Buh Bye! Polish: *udaje śmiech Tylera* Jeden! Mieliście rację! Ja nie miałem racji! Śmiałem się. To moja wina. Więc... Zobaczymy z tą karą później... Więc... Dziękuję Wam bardzo za oglądanie. Jeśli spodobało ci się to napisz w komentarzach. I jeśli masz jakieś zabawne klipy, podaj mi je w komentarzach. Dziękuję, jeszcze raz. I jak zawsze. Widzimy się w następnych filmach! Pa-pa~! (NAPISY PRZEZ MARCINMUDRECKI/ SZYMON MUDRECKI Korekta/dorabianie napisów :v:Bloodrose32) Czech: * Napodobuje Tylerův smích * Jeden! Měl jsi pravdu! Mýlil jsem se! Smál jsem se. Je to moje chyba... Tak.... Uvidíme, o tom trestu později Takže děkuji všem moc za sledování. Pokud se vám to líbilo tento dejte mi vědět dole pod komentáře Chceš vidět ještě jeden, dejte mi vědět v komentářích pod stejně. A pokud máte návrhy na zábavné klipy dát ty tam dole Ještě jednou děkuji A jako vždy. Uvidíme se... V dalším videu. Ča čau!

Bosnian: SLIJEDI Sada dolazimo do onoga što zovemo ''Don't know of the gaps'' ...jer postavljamo pitanje za pitanjem. I sve što imaš je ''ne znamo'', i ne smeta nam to! Ne smeta nam, slušaj me, ne smeta nam! Ne smeta nam što ne znate. Ali ako ne znate, ne možete reći da mi griješimo, jer vi ne znate! - Okej, samo malo... Sad, želiš reći da ti znaš uzrok...dobro? - Želiš da kažeš da je Bog to uradio. - Ne, ne želim U redu? - Da li mi sada govoriš da je Bog to uradio? - Nisam to rekao. - Dobro, šta onda navodiš kao uzrok postojanja svemira? - Vjerujem da uzrok nastanka svemira... ...mora biti natprirodan. Lično mislim da mi nisi pružio bilo šta... ...što bi kontriralo tom konceptu. - Zašto ne bi? - Reći ću ti zašto. I ono što ti govorim je... - ...da vjerujem da Kur'an dolazi od natprirodnog izvora. - Dobro. - I vjerujem da je uzrok nastanka univerzuma natprirodan. - U redu. - Dobro? - Dobro. Ti ne možeš reći da nije natprirodan, jer ne znaš. Dobro. Spanish: Cuando llego al núcleo del problema con lo que dicen, eso puede llenar ese vacío con «No sé». Porque te preguntamos y preguntamos una y otra vez. Y lo que estás haciendo es decir que no y no nos importa. ¡No nos importa, escúchame! No nos importa. No nos importa tu ignorancia. Si no lo sabe, no puede decir que estamos equivocados porque no lo sabe. -¡OK, está bien, espera, espera! Ahora quieres decir que conoces la causa, ¿verdad? Quieres decir que Dios lo hizo. No, no quiero decirlo. ¿OK? -¿No me dijiste que Dios lo hizo? -No estoy diciendo eso. -¿Qué dices sobre la causa del universo? -Yo digo que la causa del universo. Debe ser algo sobrenatural. No creo que muestres nada, para mí personalmente. Quién puede luchar contra el concepto. ¿Por qué no puede? Y te explicaré por qué. Y por qué, te digo que es... Creo que el Corán proviene de una fuente sobrenatural Muy bien. Y creo que la causa del universo es algo sobrenatural. - OKAY ¿SI? - SI No puedes decir que la causa no es algo sobrenatural porque no lo sabes. OK Bosnian: I srećni smo s tim! Kažeš da ne znaš to. To je ono što ja vjerujem. - Vidi... - Trebali bi govoriti da ne znamo. - Ono što govorim je... - Ne znamo. - Ono što kažem... Ne vjerujem ti da si... Dio 1 od 3 - ...iskren u vezi toga. - Dobro, nastavi. ...i reći ću ti zašto. - Kada ne postoji prirodno objašnjenje, nauka kaže da ne zna. - Da. Što je u redu... ...jer već traže prirodno objašnjenje. Ne, ne slažem se. Možeš se neslagati koliko želiš. Ono što ti govorim je sljedeće...To je istina. - Dobro. - Da li se slažeš da nauka odbija postojanje natprirodnog? - Ne slažem se s tim. - Ne slažeš se? - Da. - Mislio sam da je to pretpostavka. - Mnogo ljudi misli to. - ...ali ja se ne slažem. - Dakle, da li govoriš da naturalizam nije premisa nauke? Da, kažem. - U redu. - A razlog zbog kojeg kažem to.... - A koji istaknuti naučnik se slaže s tim? Dobro, dobro, dobro. Dobro, daću ti primjer studije koja je urađena. Spanish: Y estamos contentos con eso. Dijiste que no sabías sobre eso. Eso es lo que yo creo. Entonces... - Deberíamos decir que no sabemos. Entonces lo que digo es... No sabemos. Lo que digo es... Sí, pero no creo que tú. Honesto sobre eso. OK, sigue adelante. Y te explicaré por qué. Cuando no tienes una explicación natural, la ciencia dice que no sé. - Muy bien. Eso también está bien. OKAY. Porque solo buscan la explicación de forma natural. No, no estoy de acuerdo. No estoy de acuerdo. Puedes estar en desacuerdo todo lo que quieras. Pero lo que te digo es que es verdad. Okay. ¿No estás de acuerdo en que la ciencia rechaza la existencia de algo sobrenatural? No estoy de acuerdo con eso. - ¿No estas de acuerdo? Sí. ¿Creo que esa es la razón? Mucha gente piensa así. Por qué no estar de acuerdo. ¿Estás diciendo que el naturalismo no es la lógica de la ciencia? Sí, dije eso. OK. - La razón por la que digo eso. ¿Qué científico líder está de acuerdo con esto para que yo pueda saber? OK, OK, OK. Bien, te doy un ejemplo de un estudio que se realizó. Spanish: No, no, no estoy preguntando eso, no estoy preguntando eso, no estoy preguntando eso. Tengo un efecto de lo que leo y tengo cuidado. - Sí. Que la base del pensamiento de la ciencia es el naturalismo. Entonces cada caso requiere una explicación natural. OKAY. Por eso dicen que la evolución es una teoría porque esta es la mejor explicación que es natural. No, no, no creo estar de acuerdo. Entonces creo que... Puedes estar en desacuerdo tanto como quieras. OK Porque no estás de acuerdo Déjame responder, OK. Lo que digo es esto. Entonces dices que estoy equivocado. Cree que la lógica de la ciencia es el naturalismo. Entonces, qué científico puedo entender porque, mira. No estoy aquí para competir, ¿eh? OKAY. Pido disculpas si está molesto con el título porque, en mi opinión, es adecuado. Esa es la verdad pero... Solo quiero saber quiénes son las personas que están de acuerdo con lo que dices. OK, OK, OK, déjame probar la respuesta, ¿de acuerdo? Entonces, hay un estudio sobre si la oración funciona, ¿de acuerdo? Esto fue comisionado por... Por una fundación no estoy seguro. Pero este es un estudio muy grande. Y lo que hacen es dividir a las personas en grupos. Bosnian: Ne, ne, ne, nisam pitao to, nisam pitao to. - Bio sam pod utiskom onoga što sam pročitao i istraživao... - Da ...da je premisa nauke naturalizam. Dakle, sve zahtijeva prirodno objašnjenje. - Da. - Zato kažu da je evolucija teorija, jer je najbolje objašnjenje koje imamo, a da je prirodno. Ne, ne, ne, ne slažem se. - Možeš se neslagati koliko god želiš. - U redu, u redu, samo... Dakle, dok se ti ne slažeš... Ono što ti govorim je sljedeće: Ti kažeš da griješim... ...jer vjerujem da je premisa nauke naturalizam. Dakle, koji naučnici... samo da bih mogao razumjeti, jer vidi... - Nisam ovdje da se takmičim, ok? - U redu. I žao mi je što si se uznemirio zbog naslova, za mene je bio zgodan. Tako je kako je... Ali, samo me interesuje ko se slaže s onim što govoriš. Dobro, dobro, dobro, da pokušam da odgovorim... Dakle, urađena je studija o tome da li molitva djeluje. Odradio ju je... ...mislim da je bila fondacija Templeton, nisam siguran. Ali, bio je jako obiman studij... ...i ono što su uradili jeste da su podijelili ljude u grupe... Bosnian: ...za neke se molilo, za neke nije i onda su vidjeli... ...da su ljudi za koje se molilo radili bolje od onih za koje se nije molilo, ok? Ne postoji pretpostavka u analizi te studije... ...da natprirodno ne postoji. Samo su željeli vidjeti, šta dokazi kažu, da li podržavaju... ...tvrdnju o natprirodnom ili ne. Stoga ja se ne bih složio... ...da nauka negira natprirodno. - U redu, ponovo ti kažem, koji naučnici... - Pa oni su radili tu studiju. - Koji? - Dobro, pogledaću. - Ovo je bitno jer nikad ranije nisam čuo za to. - Dobro, dobro, naći ću ti. Dobro, pogledaću... Samo da dovedem svoju podršku... - Nađi doktora za mene. - (??) - U redu. Može li ovaj lik pomoći? Jer, i on je ateista. - Naravno. - Izvoli. Šta ima? Dakle, to je veliki studij o... Spanish: Algunos grupos rezan y otros no y ven. Si las personas que oran trabajan mejor, pero no trabajan mejor, OK. Por lo tanto, no hay suposición en el análisis de los datos. Que lo sobrenatural no existe. Solo quieren ver qué dice la evidencia, si la evidencia apoya. Afirmaciones sobrenaturales aquí o no. Por lo tanto, no estoy de acuerdo. Que la ciencia necesita eliminar lo sobrenatural Así que te diré una vez más. Qué científicos Pero hicieron el estudio. ¿No quién? Muy bien, te lo mostraré. No, esto es importante porque nunca antes había oído hablar de esto. - Buscaré este estudio para ti. OK <Encontraré el estudio para ti. Déjame obtener mi apoyo. Por favor encuentra al doctor para mí. - Alguien lo ha encontrado. - Muy bien. ¿Puede esta persona ayudar? Porque él también es ateo. Por supuesto. - Por favor. ¿Qué pasó? Este es un gran estudio en... Bosnian: Eto ga! Ima 385 referenci... Dakle, eto... Dobro odrađen studij... Stranica se ne može naći, izvini. Vidi, Vikipedija, studije... Ima jako dosta studija o tome, u redu? - Ako odeš na stranicu Vikipedije... - Dakle, ono što u suštini govorimo je sledeće... Fil ovdje je bio uznemiren... Hej, kako si? - Bio je uznemiren kad smo video nazvali... - Nisam se uznemirio, samo mislim da je kontradiktorno. Napravio je izuzetak za termin ''Don't know of the gaps'' I ono što sam rekao, na osnovu onoga što znam je da je... premisa nauke je naturalizam. Da sve ima prirodno objašnjenje. A za mene, kada kažu ''ne znamo'' jer ne znaju za prirodno objašnjenje... ...i umjesto da objasne to natprirodnim objašnjenjem, potpuno ga odbacuju. Dakle iz onoga što sam vidio... ...ako nemaš prirodno objašnjenje i ako odbaciš natprirodno... ...onda koristiš ''ne znam'' umjesto da dopustiš da se objasni natprirodnim. Spanish: Aquí está, este estudio tiene 385 citas. Entonces, ya sabes. Este es un estudio bien hecho. La página no se encuentra. Mira, Wikipedia, el estudio de... Hay muchos estudios allí, ¿verdad? Si vamos a la página de Wikipedia Entonces, lo que básicamente decimos es esto. Phil, aquí está molesto, está molesto. ¡Te he conocido ¿Hola! Cómo estás? Estaba enojado cuando mencionamos el video Alguien está enojado, -sentí que era contradictorio. Se opuso a las palabras «lagunas de ignorancia» en su video. Oh lo entiendo. Entonces, lo que digo según lo que entiendo El fundamento de la ciencia es el naturalismo. Que todo tiene una explicación natural. Y para mí cuando dicen: «No sé» porque no conocen la explicación natural. Y en su lugar permitieron explicaciones sobrenaturales, entonces realmente se deshicieron de la ciencia. Entonces según, si miro esto, si tú... No conoces la explicación científica y tampoco ingresas una explicación sobrenatural que significa... Solo usas «No sé» en lugar de tener que permitir explicaciones sobrenaturales. Spanish: Entonces eso es lo que expliqué por qué hicimos el título. Entonces, lo que Phil dice es que... La ciencia no tiene el naturalismo como fundamento. - OKAY. Leí un libro sobre la filosofía de la ciencia que dice que el naturalismo es la base de su pensamiento. Mucha gente no está de acuerdo con esto. OKAY. Hay personas que no están de acuerdo con esto. De acuerdo, sigue adelante. Si estudias, si ves. Incluso estudios, filósofos, sí. Existe el mayor estudio que conozco sobre dónde los filósofos completan una encuesta. Y le preguntan a los filósofos sobre sus opiniones sobre varios temas controvertidos, de acuerdo. Uno de ellos es el realismo científico. La mayoría de los filósofos están de acuerdo con el llamado realismo científico. Y el otro es Dios o el ateísmo. Y hasta el 75-76 % de los filósofos. Más bien inclinado hacia el ateísmo, eh. Pero al menos, no recuerdo exactamente, pero alrededor del 15 % dice que son naturalistas. Así que hay una cuarta parte de estos filósofos que dicen que los ateos. Es un naturalista. ¿Crees en lo sobrenatural? Un problema debe ser asumir el naturalismo. Bosnian: I zato sam objašnjavao zašto smo nazvali video tako. I ono što Fil sada govori je... - Nauka nema naturalizam kao premisu. - Dobro. Ja sam pročitao knjigu o filozofiji nauke i u njoj je pisalo da to ima. - Ljudi se razilaze po pitanju toga. - U redu. - Ljudi se razilaze po tom pitanju, u redu? - Samo naprijed. Ako proučiš, ako pogledaš... Ako proučavaš filozofe... Bila je velika studija za koju znam u kojoj su filozofi radili istraživanje. I pitali su filozofe da daju svoje mišljenje na različite kontroverzne teme. Jedna od njih je bio naučni realizam... Većina filozofa se slaže sa naučnim realizmom. Druga tema je bila Bog ili ateizam... ...i oko 75%-76% tih filozofa... ...naginjali su prema ateizmu, u redu? Ali, mnogo manje, ne sjećam se koliko tačno, mislim da je bilo oko 50% su rekli da su naturalisti. Dakle oko četvrtina tih filozofa koji su rekli da su ateisti... - ...a nisu bili naturalisti. - Da li ti vjeruješ u natprirodno? Jedan od problema u tome da se kaže da ateizam podrazumijeva naturalizam... Spanish: Y se está discutiendo sobre esto en el área de la filosofía. En realidad es difícil definir qué se entiende por naturalismo. ¿Crees en lo sobrenatural? OKAY. No creo, no creo... ¿Por qué no creer? Nunca he visto evidencia convincente de algo sobrenatural. OKAY. ¿Qué prueba o qué instrumento de medición usarás para lo sobrenatural? Una vez más es una cosa difícil. Como... El problema central es hablar sobre el naturalismo. Yo digo que esto tiene que ver con la ciencia. En realidad, define lo que quieres decir con eso. - Porque la causa del universo es sobrenatural. ¡Espera un minuto! Eso no nos ayudará, ¿verdad? Tratamos de decir que este es un problema difícil. Sobre cómo definir lo que es natural y antinatural, ¿de acuerdo? Y hay problemas difíciles allí. Y probablemente por eso muchos filósofos dicen que son ateos. Pero no digas que son naturalistas. OKAY. Porque hay dificultades para definir qué se entiende por naturalismo. Te daré, te lo explicaré un poco. Digamos que hablamos, no hablemos de Dios primero ahora, digamos que hablamos de fantasmas. ¿SI? Entonces, en general, el fantasma se considera algo sobrenatural, está bien. Bosnian: I postoji diskusija na ovu temu u u polju filozofije... - ...u stvari je teško definisati šta je to naturalizam. - Da li ti vjeruješ u natprirodno? - U redu... - Ne, ne vjerujem... - Zašto ne? - Nisam vidio neki uvjerljiv dokaz za natprirodno. - Dobro. Na koji bi način mjerio natprirodno? Opet kažem, ovo je teška tema. Na primjer... Jedan od problema kada govorimo o naturalizmu, ...govoreći da je ovo srž nauke. - U stvari definiše šta misliš pod naturalizmom. - Da li bi uzrok Svemira mogao biti natprirodan? Samo sekund! To nam ne pomaže, zar ne? Jer pokušavamo reći.... postoji težak problem. Kako ćemo definisati šta je prirodno, a šta nije prirodno. I to je jako težak problem. I to je možda razlog zašto mnogi filozofi koji su ateisti... ...nisu naturalisti. - U redu. - Jer postoje poteškoće u definisanju šta je to naturalizam Pojasniću ti... Pretpostavimo da pričamo...nećemo pričati o Bogu. Recimo duhovi. U redu? Generalno, duhovi se smatraju natprirodnim, u redu? Bosnian: Ne funkcionišu po zakonima fizike, dobro? Sada pretpostavimo...Znam da neki ljudi misle da imaju dokaze... Dokazi za duhove su prilično slabi. Anegdote, loše slike itd. Pretpostavimo... Možemo li se okrenuti prema kameri? Dakle pretposstavimo da smo našli jako dobre dokaze za postojanje duhova... ...da smo našli neko objašnjenje za njih. Onda možemo reći da su duhovi prirodni. Dakle, šta znači reći da je nešto prirodno ili natprirodno? - Dakle to je dosta komplikovaniji problem. -U redu. Zato ne govorim da se nauka bavi isključivo naturalizmom. Ja mislim da je nauka... ...kombinacija teoretskog i observacijskog testiranja ideja. To je za mene ključ nauke. Nije zapravo u naturalizmu. Ako pogledaš naučne radove, ...skoro nikad neće pomenuti naturalizam. Reći će: Evo ga test koji smo uradili... ...evo eksperimenata koje smo uradili, evo teorija, za ovo mislimo da je dosljedno ili ne... Spanish: No están cubiertos por las leyes de la física, de acuerdo. Ahora supongamos que sé que las personas también piensan que faltan pruebas de la existencia de fantasmas. OK, la prueba es solo anécdotas, malas fotos, etc. Supongamos... ¿Podemos enfrentar la cámara? Supongamos que encontramos buena evidencia de la existencia de fantasmas. Y puedo encontrar una explicación para estos fantasmas. Entonces, puedes decir que los fantasmas son naturales, ¿eh? Entonces, ¿qué significa decir que algo es natural y antinatural? Esto es realmente un problema que es más difícil de definir. - OK. Por eso no digo que la ciencia siempre se trate del naturalismo. Bien bien. Creo que la ciencia se trata, creo que la ciencia se trata. Una mezcla de pruebas teóricas y observación de ideas. Bueno, eso para mí es la clave de la ciencia. Entonces no se trata solo de naturalismo. Si nos fijamos en los artículos científicos. Estos documentos casi nunca dicen sobre el naturalismo. Dirán: «Esta es la prueba que estamos haciendo». «Este es el experimento que estamos haciendo. Esta es la teoría y esto es lo que creemos que es lo que lo inventa». Spanish: Y eso es lo que verás si miras artículos científicos. Phil, ¿dices que no crees en lo sobrenatural? No sé si hay algo que diga... No, no lo dices. Te pregunto si crees en lo sobrenatural y respondes que no. Está bien, está bien. ¿Cómo ...? Como dije... Hay una dificultad en definir lo sobrenatural. ¿Cómo lo defines? Muy difícil. - Pero, lo rechazas, así que debes tener algunas ideas. Quiero decir, quiero decir. Como dije esto es una dificultad. En la definición de lo natural y lo sobrenatural. Hay ciertas cosas que dicen ser sobrenaturales. Entonces esto puede ser algo así como un fantasma. Como Dios, como... Te pregunto, te pregunto. Todas esas cosas que se han reclamado, eh. Lo que entendemos no está en línea con las leyes de la física. Veo que no como evidencia ¿Entiendes lo que es lo sobrenatural? Esa cosa, está bien. Entonces, las cosas, por ejemplo, no están en línea con las leyes de la física. Entonces estás diciendo que las cosas Pero hay dificultades porque. Supongamos que encontramos que... Bosnian: I to je, ako pogledaš naučne radove, to je ono o čemu se zaista radi. File, ti si rekao da ne vjeruješ u natprirodno? - Ne znam da je išta što se tvrdi... - Nisi rekao to. - Pitao sam te da li vjeruješ u natprirodno, rekao si ''ne'' - U redu, u redu. - Kako bi.. - Kao što sam rekao... ...postoje teškoće u definisanju natprirodnog. Kako bi ga definisao? - Jako je teško. - Ali odbio si, dakle moraš imati ideju. U redu, pa... Kao što sam rekao, teško je... ...definisati šta je prirodno a šta natprirodno. Postoje određene stvari za koje se tvrdi da su natprirodne. Dakle možemo imati grupe stvari, kao što su duhovi... - ...kao što je Bog, ESP (Orijentalna ezoterijska tradicija).. - Pitam tebe, pitam tebe. I sve te stvari za koje se tvrdi... ...da ne funkcionišu po zakonima fizike. - Za te tvrdnje nisam vidio dovoljno dokaza. - Ne, kako ti vidiš natprirodno? Dobro. Stvari koje nisu konzistentne sa zakonima fizike. - Dakle govoriš da stvari ne mogu... - Ali, postoje poteškoće jer... Pretpostavimo da smo shvatili da... Bosnian: - ...ove stvari postoje, onda bi možda morali reći ''moramo promijeniti...'' - Ne, ne, ne, ali sad, baš sad. - Trenutačno. - U redu. Sada govoriš da odbacuješ postojanje stvari koje nisu u skladu sa zakonima fizike? Samo odbacujem stvari gdje dokazi... ...nisu dovoljni... ...da daju uvjerenje. Ono što zapravo govorim je da bi vjerovanje trebalo biti zasnovano na dokazima, u redu? Dakle gdje imaš malo dokaza, imaš malo vjerovanja... ...gdje imaš više dokaza, imaš više vjerovanja... ...gdje imaš nadmoćne dokaze, imaš sigurno vjerovanje. Ja mislim da se vjerovanje zasniva na razumu, vjerovatno je to ista stvar, ali nastavi. - Jedna od stvari iz našeg prethodnog razgovora koja je bila problematična. - Da. je bila... - Imati dosljedan pogled na svijet. - U redu. Jer, kad god imamo neki scenario... Možeš smisliti suprotan scenario ili suprotnu teoriju... ...ili čak i analogiju koja nije validna. Dakle, sada radimo sličnu stvar... Izvini, pričam tiho. Ono što sada nalazim je... Čak i pojam koji podupire principe nauke... Spanish: Que esto realmente existe y podríamos tener que decir: «Debemos cambiar ...» No, no por ahora, por ahora. Por ahora. De acuerdo, está bien. Así que ahora dices que rechazas las cosas que no están en línea con las leyes de la física. Solo rechazo cosas donde la prueba es. No es suficiente para... Puede hacernos creer. Digo que la confianza debe basarse en la evidencia, está bien. Entonces, si tiene una pequeña evidencia, su confianza también será pequeña. Si tiene más evidencia, su confianza también será mayor. Si la evidencia es muy grande, entonces estará seguro de su creencia. Creo que la confianza se basa en razones de fuego, por favor continúe. OKAY. Creo que una cosa de nuestra última conversación. - Sí. Es... Sobre cómo obtener una visión coherente, para mí ese es mi sentimiento. - Claro. Porque cuando se muestra un escenario. Puedes pensar en cálculos sobre un escenario o una teoría. Que incluso analogía es que esto no es cierto. Así que encuentra lo mismo ahora. Lo siento, mi voz es un poco pequeña. Así que ahora lo que encontré es. Incluso el término apoya el principio de la ciencia. Spanish: Donde se usa el método científico. Hay acusaciones en la ciencia. Y yo, y puedes decirme. Uno de esos supuestos es... No hay explicación antinatural. Sin embargo, usted define esa naturaleza. Y eso es lo fundamental que parece rechazar, y eso lleva a. Completamente naturalista. Sí, no estoy de acuerdo con eso. Para nosotros, para que podamos entender, cuál es su posición. ¿Qué es natural y qué no es y qué apoya la ciencia? Como dije, lo que apoya la ciencia no se trata de suposiciones sobre el naturalismo. Entonces, y los ejemplos que doy y las personas hacen estudios sobre la influencia de la oración. Y ese es un estudio científico legítimo. Muy bien, si encontramos si rezamos de musulmanes sunitas. Tiene un efecto y cada uno, supongamos que dividimos los otros grupos «Mira, hay un grupo que ». ¿OK? Bosnian: ...ili koje naučni metod pretpostavlja. Dakle postoje određene pretpostavke u nauci. I možeš mi reći... Jedna od tih pretpostavki je: Ne postoje neprirodna objašnjenja. Kako god definirao naturalizam. I to je osnova negiranja... i to vodi... - ...jakom naturalizmu. - Da, ja se ne slažem s tim. Dakle za nas, da bi razumijeli, koji je tvoj položaj... Šta je prirodno a šta ne, i šta je to što podupire nauku. Kao što sam rekao, ono što ja mislim da podupire nauku nije pretpostavka o naturalizmu... I primjer koji sam dao je da ljudi rade studije o efikasnosti molitve. I to je u potpunosti legitimno naučno istraživanje. Da smo našli da su jedino molitve sunnitskih muslimana... ...efektivne. Podijelili smo ljude u grupe... ''Imamo grupe ljudi'' U redu? Spanish: Pediremos a los musulmanes sunitas que recen y les pediremos a los musulmanes chiítas que recen. Pediremos a los católicos que recen, a los judíos que recen y a los hindúes que recen, ¿de acuerdo? Hacemos ensayos así y encontramos que solo El resultado son solo musulmanes sunitas cuyas oraciones funcionan y las oraciones de otros no tienen ningún efecto. Para mí es ciencia lo que se hace. Como la ciencia se trata, la ciencia no excluye lo sobrenatural. ¿Entonces creerás en lo sobrenatural? ¿Si claro? La ciencia se trata de evidencia, y de hacer estudios. Ves que esto es una teoría, ¿eh? Entonces para mí no lo es, conozco a muchas personas que dicen que se trata del naturalismo, ¿verdad? Pero personalmente no estoy de acuerdo y hay otros que no están de acuerdo. Al hecho de decir que hay filósofos. Que no creen más en el naturalismo que en el realismo científico o en el ateísmo. Por supuesto. ¿De acuerdo? Y hay razones para esas cosas. Como alguien que. Entiendo la posición en sí. Así que creo que esta es una posición difícil, por eso... Estoy de acuerdo en que esta posición es difícil. Bosnian: Pitaćemo sunnitske muslimane da se mole, pitaćemo šiitske muslimane da se mole, ...pitaćemo katolike da se mole, jevreje, hinduse, dobro? Eksperimentišemo na taj način i nađemo... Ako se ispostavi da su samo molitve sunnitskih muslimana efikasne, a da ostale nisu imale efekta... ...za mene, to bi bio rad s naukom. - Jer ono o čemu se stvarno radi u nauci nije odbacivanje natprirodnog - Znači tad bi vjerovao u natprirodno? Zar ne? Radi se o dokazima, proučavanju... ...gledanju teorija, u redu? Dakle za mene nije...Znam da dosta ljudi kaže da stvar jeste u naturalizmu. No, ja se lično ne slažem, a postoje i drugi ljudi koji se ne slažu. Kao što sam rekao, pogledajte filozofe... Mnogo manje vjeruju u naturalizam nego što vjeruju u naučni realizam ili ateizam. U redu? I postoji razlog za to. Kao neko ko... Razumijem tu poziciju... - Mislim da je jako teško biti u takvoj poziciji... - Slažem se, slažem se. Spanish: Estoy de acuerdo en que esta posición es difícil, pero esto no es necesariamente difícil. Por supuesto. Podemos regresar a la tierra, encontrar objeciones. Y no estoy tratando de faltarle el respeto, siempre siento que vienes con una objeción a. ¡Hazlo un bulto! Entonces, en el escenario que diste, un experimento sobre la oración. - Sí. Explicación de lo que encuentras, lo que enseñan. Para poder explicar las observaciones que sabes mencionar. Entonces, si piensas, en comparación con solo decir», Wow, pones eso aquí, quiero decir. Una teoría clara es que la afirmación es, y la religión es la verdad «. ¿Si claro? Y eso para mí es una prueba de que puede apoyar esa teoría. (la conversación se desenfoca) Hermano, ¿puedes moverte un poco para que este hermano pueda entrar? Muévete un poco, gracias. Genera confianza en la proposición basada en la evidencia de la proposición. Si creo que sí. Si hay una oración que funciona desde una religión cuyos derechos es que podamos estudiar científicamente. Bosnian: - Razumijem da je teško, ali nije neophodno. - Naravno. Da se vratimo na nalaženju...(??) Ne želim da budem nekulturan, ali imam osjećaj da uvijek nalaziš primjedbe... - Dakle u tom scenariju kojeg si pomenuo, eksperiment sa molitvom. - Da. Koje objašnjenje bi dao ili koju bi teoriju iznio... ...da bi objasnio taj pronalazak? Dobro, ako misliš o tome umjesto... pa, iznosiš teorije... Jedna očigledna teorija je da je konkretno ta religija istina! Dobro? I to bi za mene bio dokaz koji bi podržao tu teoriju. (konverzacija je nerazgovijetna) Brate, možeš se samo malo pomjeriti da bi ovaj brat mogao doći. Pomjeri se tamo, hvala. Gdje je tvoja sigurnosti u prijedlogu, zasnovano na dokazima za prijedlog Ako odabarem stvari koje... Ako bi molitve samo jedne religije urodile plodom, to bi bilo nešto što bi mogli naučno istraživati. Bosnian: Dakle ne bi odbacilo natprirodno... Imam već nešto, hvala. To bi pružilo neke dokaze za tvrdnju za natprirodno. U redu, da li bi onda...koja bi tvoja... Stvar sa obzervacijom je... - Da Uglavnom postoji neka postojeća teorija. - Imaš ideju na koji način atomi i molekuli međusobno djeluju... Ako zagrijem metal, širi se. Onda vršiš posmatranje... Kao što je slučaj sa ''ništavnom teorijom'', suprotnost. I onda dokažeš sebi da griješiš. Ako bi imao ništavnu teoriju da molitve nemaju efekta, i onda uradiš svoj eksperiment. - Šta nema efekta? - Molitve. - Molitve, u redu. - Uradiš eksperiment i dobiješ rezultate... - (Možeš li se pomjeriti jer ovaj čovjek ovdje neće da se pomjeri od kamere) Još malo, još malo, još malo. To je to, super. - Hoćete da koristite šire leće? - Ne, samo je bio na putu a nije se htio pomjeriti. U redu je, nije znao. Znao je, ali je odbijao. U redu, ukoliko u tom eksperimentu dobiješ rezultat o kojem si pričao. - Da su molitve određene vjerske skupine imale efekta. - Da, Spanish: Así que esto no excluye lo sobrenatural. Así que esta cosa será, será Ya tengo algo, muchas gracias. Esto proporcionará evidencia para apoyar el reclamo sobrenatural. Bien, entonces, ¿qué eres entonces? ¿En qué se convierte, porque todas las cosas para hacer esa observación son. - Sí. Que tienes que asumir la preteoría. Ya sabes, tienes una idea acerca de cómo interactúan los átomos y las moléculas. - Sí. Si caliento las sustancias, se harán más grandes y continuarás observando. Con teoría nula, que es lo contrario y demuestras que estás equivocado. Entonces, si tienes una teoría nula de que la oración no funciona y luego haces tu experimento y no funciona. ¿Qué no puede funcionar? Oración. Oración. Y luego hiciste un experimento Por favor, simplemente inclínate aquí, porque tu amigo aquí no quiere moverse de la cámara. Un poco más, un poco más, un poco más, bien. ¿Quieres usar una lente con gran angular? Solo se queda aquí y no quiere moverse. No lo sabe, no lo sabe. Él lo sabe y se niega. Bien, entonces si haces el experimento y los resultados que has pensado. Donde ciertos grupos religiosos cuando rezan y rezan tienen un efecto. - Sí. Bosnian: Koju bi teoriju iznio u tom slučaju? - Pa, naravno... - Kako bi se to objasnilo? Jedna teorija bi mogla biti da je ta religija istinita. - Ali šta bi ti to reklo? - Pa, mislim da bi to bio dokaz da je ta teorija istinita. Koja je to teorija? Da je to vjersko uvjerenje tačno. Dakle, da li govoriš da nauka može objasniti... ...natprirodne ili nefizičke mehanizme ili radnje Mislim da bi mogla, da. - Mogao bi tako? - Da. Dakle kažeš da je nauka validno sredstvo za mjerenje natprirodnog. - Moglo bi biti. - U tom konkretnom scenariju. - U tom slučaju...ljudi su radili to, ovo nisu hipotetički eksperimenti, rađeni su. Kad su rezultati izašli, nisu pokazali bilo šta, dobro? Ali da jesu pokazali da molitve imaju efekat, i da su efektivne samo unutar jedne religije, da su bile obične riječi, mogao je biti placebo efekat... Mislim da ne bi...Uvijek pokušavaš isključiti alternativna objašnjenja, to je dio naučnog procesa, zar ne? Spanish: ¿Cómo, qué teorías puedes proponer para esto? Por supuesto ¿Cómo sucedió eso entonces? Una teoría podría ser que la religión es verdadera. Y eso te dice qué, quiero decir... Creo que eso es una prueba de que la teoría es cierta. ¿Cuál es la teoría? La creencia religiosa es verdadera. Entonces, ¿qué es, estás diciendo que la ciencia puede significar una explicación? Con respecto al mecanismo sobrenatural o no físico. Creo que la ciencia puede, sí. ¿La ciencia puede hacer eso? - Sí. Entonces, la ciencia es una herramienta legítima, dices eso, para poder medir lo sobrenatural. - Podría, podría. Puede. Solamente. Y esa cosa En ese caso, la gente lo ha hecho. Esto ya no es una cuestión de si ya se ha hecho. Sí. Creo que los resultados no son nada. Seguro seguro. ¿Si claro? Pero los resultados salen y la oración funciona, ¿de acuerdo? Y eso solo funciona para una religión, quiero decir, si funciona en general, podría aceptar. Pensé que no lo harías. Siempre intentas buscar explicaciones alternativas que no sean hipótesis científicas. Creo, ya sabes... Spanish: Si ocurre un fenómeno sobrenatural. - Sí. Solo estás buscando una explicación natural. Sí. Siempre lo buscas aparte del proceso científico. Lo que ves, siempre buscas explicaciones alternativas. Está bien, está bien, está bien. Una parte Entonces piensas... Creo que no se trata solo de ciencia... Filosóficamente, siempre buscará otras explicaciones alternativas que se puedan dar. ¿Hay algún problema con creer que la causa del universo es sobrenatural? ¿Dilo de nuevo, lo siento? ¿Hay algún problema si yo creo o él cree que la causa del universo es sobrenatural? Puedo decir que el problema con usted creyendo que es que la evidencia no lo respalda. Este no es un problema que pueda probarse que no pueden estar seguros. ¿Aceptas, aceptas...? de acuerdo con tu definición de lo sobrenatural. Lo que sea que cause este universo fuera de la ciencia que conocemos, fuera de las leyes de la naturaleza que conocemos. ¿Qué quieres decir con el universo? Este universo. OK, imaginemos Todo lo que existe. OK, si define el universo con todo lo que existe. Esto no puede tener una causa. Bosnian: - Da se ikakav natprirodni slučaj desio. - Da. - Samo bi tražio prirodno objašnjenje. - Da To je dio naučnog procesa. Da gledaš, da pokušaš odbaciti alternativna objašnjenja. - Dakle da li misliš... - To nije samo dio nauke... To je filozofija, stalno traženje alternativnih objašnjenja i da li bi ih mogli odbaciti. Da li je problem što mi vjerujemo da je uzrok univerzuma natprirodan? Možeš li ponoviti? Da li je problem što ja vjerujem, ili što on vjeruje, da je uzrok svemira natprirodan? Rekao bih da je problem što vjeruješ u to, taj što nema dovoljno dokaza. - Nije postojanje natprirodnog problem sam po sebi... - Da li prihvataš... ...prema tvojoj definiciji natprirodnog ...da je, šta god bilo uzrok univerzuma van oblasti bilo kakve nauke, bilo kakvog prirodnog zakona? Šta misliš pod univerzumom? Ovaj univerzum. - Dobro, zamislimo... - Sve što postoji. Dobro, ukoliko je ono što definišeš kao univerzum sve što postoji, ne može imati uzrok. Spanish: Porque por definición. ¿Qué? Si esto existe, entonces existe en el universo. Entonces esto no puede tener una causa externa. -¿Entonces dices que el universo siempre está ahí? Yo no dije eso. Eso puede ser cierto. Ahora llegamos al punto de lo que llamamos la brecha de la ignorancia. Porque te preguntamos una y otra vez, pero qué es. No, no, hay muchas cosas No nos importa, no nos importa. ¡Escúchame! No nos importa si no lo sabes. No nos importa si no lo sabes. Si no lo sabe, no puede decir que estamos equivocados porque no lo sabe. ¡Muy bien, espera, espera, espera! Déjame responder a eso porque este es un asunto importante. Porque esto es realmente importante, está bien. OK, no lo haré, no puedo, OK. Entonces, el punto sobre «no saber» es que en realidad sabemos muchas cosas. - Lo sé. ¿OKAY? Realmente sabemos En este debate en particular, no tiene que decir que no sabe responder preguntas. OKAY. Porque en ese caso realmente no lo sabemos, cierto. Hay muchas cosas que realmente sabemos, no es como cuando lo haces como algo gracioso. No, Darren, déjame terminarlo. Por favor, déjame terminarlo. Lo haces divertido como si no supiéramos nada, sabemos muchas cosas en ciencia. Sabemos mucho, ¿vale? Bosnian: - Jer, prema definiciji... - Šta? Ukoliko postoji, u univerzumu je. - Pa ne može imati vanjski uzrok. - Dakle govoriš da je univerzum uvijek postojao? Ne govorim to, moglo bi biti istina. Sada dolazimo do onoga što zovemo ''Don't know of the gaps'' Pitamo pitanje za pitanjem, i sve što imaš reći je ''ne znamo''. I ne smeta nam to, ne smeta nam Slušaj me. Ne smeta nam vaše ''ne znamo'' Ali ako ne znaš, ne možeš reći da nismo u pravu, jer ne znaš. Čekaj, čekaj, da da ti odgovorim, ovo je bitno. Ovo je srž problema. U redu, ne bih, ne mogu...Dobro. Stvar sa ''ne znam'', u stvari znamo jako mnogo stvari, dobro? Konkretno na tu temu, rekao si ne znam...(?) Jer u tim slučajevima ne znamo, zar ne? Ima jako puno stvari koje znamo, iskarikirao si. Ne, Darene, dopusti mi da završim. Molim te, pusti me da završim. Iskarikirao si, sad ispade da ništa ne znamo. Znamo mnogo toga u nauci, znamo mnogo, u redu? Bosnian: Sada, naredno pitanje koje se odnosi na uzrok ''Big Bang-a'', ne znamo, u redu? Sada želiš reći da znaš uzrok, zar ne? - Hoćeš da kažeš da je Bog uzrok. - Ne, nisam to rekao. - Da li mi sada govriš da je Bog to uradio? - Nisam rekao to. - Šta onda kažeš da je uzrok univerzuma? - Uzrok univerzuma mora biti natprirodan. Dobro, u redu, znači...ono što ja kažem je... ...kada ne znamo, ne bi trebali zamijeniti ''ne znamo'' sa Bogom. - To je rezonovanje terminom ''Bog praznina'' - Ali koristim tvoju definiciju. A sada govoriš, koristeći ''Don't know of the gaps'' u suštini govoriš... - ''Ne bi trebao zamijeniti ne znam, sa ne znam'' - Reći ću ti šta sam rekao. - To nema smisla! - Reći ću ti šta ima smisla. - Naravno, ako ne znaš, onda ne znaš! - Reći ću ti šta ima smisla. - U redu. - Ako vjerujem da uzrok univerzuma nema uzrok, onda je to natprirodno. Ne nužno, šta ako je univerzum beskonačan u prošlosti? Da ima beskrajan niz uzroka koji idu u beskonačnost. - Ne mogu. - Zašto ne? - To je onda beskrajna regresija, zar ne? - Šta je problem s tim? Kako bi riješio taj problem? - Koji problem? - Ne vidiš problem s beskrajnom regresijom? Spanish: Ahora, para la pregunta de cuál es la causa del Big Bang, eso es lo que no sabemos, está bien. Ahora, quiere decir que conoce la causa No, no quiero decirlo. ¿Correcto? Quieres decir que Dios lo hizo No, no quiero decirlo. ¿OKAY? ¿No me dijiste que Dios lo hizo? No dije eso. ¿Qué dices sobre la causa del universo? Creo que la causa del universo debe ser sobrenatural. Bien, de acuerdo, lo que digo es que... Donde no sabemos no deberíamos reemplazar «no sé» con «Dios». Esa es la idea de usar la brecha de «Dios», ¿verdad? Yo uso tu definición. Ahora dices «no sé» como una brecha, así que básicamente dices... «No se puede reemplazar la ignorancia por ignorancia». OK, te diré por qué dije eso. Eso no tiene sentido. Te diré lo que tiene sentido. Por supuesto, si no lo sabes, no lo sabes. Te diré lo que tiene sentido. OKAY. Si creo que la causa de este universo no tiene causa, entonces eso es sobrenatural. No estoy seguro, ¿qué pasa si este universo es inmortal en el pasado? Entonces, esto tiene una causa que no tiene fin y que está al revés para siempre. Eso no puede ser. ¿Por qué no puede? Eso se llama regresión finita, ¿verdad? Entonces, ¿qué hay de malo en eso? ¿Cómo resuelves el problema? ¿Cuál es el problema? ¿No sabes cuál es el problema con la regresión infinita? Bosnian: Matematičari su savršeno zadovoljni s beskonačnostima, savršeno su definisane... Dakle koji je problem? Ono što mi govoriš... Ono što govoriš: Univerzum... ...uzrok univerzuma nije mogao uzrokovati univerzum dok sam nije bio uzrokovan? - Kažem da bi moglo biti... - Ne, ne, koristimo tvoj primjer beskonačne regresije. Dakle univerzum ima uzrok... ...a uzrok tog uzroka, je morao biti uzrokovan. Stoga, dok nije bio uzrokovan, nije mogao uzrokovati univerzum, slažeš li se? - Ono što govorim... - Ne, ne. Ne mislim da je to savšreno... Volio bih objasniti moje stanovište umjesto što ga ti objašnjavaš. U redu, moglo bi postojati... savršeno je zamislivo... I...jako veliki broj kosmologa... Univerzum koji je beskrajan u prošlosti... Ne postoji logička kontradikcija u tome, zar ne? Kažeš da je univerzum oduvijek postojao? Možda jeste. Ne kažem da jeste, ali možda jeste... Zašto vjeruješ u to? Zašto vjerujem? Zato što nema razloga da odbacim to. Spanish: Los matemáticos están realmente contentos con el infinito, eso está bien explicado. ¿Cuál es el problema? Entonces me explicaste lo que me dijiste. Entonces dices que el universo. La causa del universo no puede causar el universo hasta que esa causa tenga una causa, sí. Estoy diciendo que podría haber No, no, usemos su ejemplo de regresión infinita. Sí. Entonces este universo tiene una causa. Y la causa debe tener una causa. Y hasta que esa causa exista, esa causa no puede hacer que el universo exista, ¿estás de acuerdo? Lo que digo es... No, no. No creo que sea algo perfectamente. Sería más feliz si pudiera explicar mi posición que tú, que lo explicaste. Estoy feliz si haces eso. OK, está bien, esto se puede entender perfectamente. Y no hay... -Estás utilizando el modelo de un universo infinito. Un universo eterno para el pasado. No hay contradicciones lógicas allí, ¿verdad? Entonces dices que el universo siempre está ahí. El universo siempre puede estar allí, no estoy diciendo que el universo siempre haya existido, siempre podría estar. ¿Por qué crees eso? ¿Por qué creo que el universo siempre podría estar allí porque no hay razón para deshacerse de él? Bosnian: Koji bi bili razlozi da odbacim? Znači ne vjeruješ da je univerzum imao početak? Ne razumiješ me. Možda jeste, a možda nije, ali nema razloga da obacimo to. Prihvatam da ne vjeruješ da je uvierzum počeo postojati prije 3,4 milijarde godina... Dobro, u pravi si. - Gotovo niko u kosmologiji vjeruje u to - Dakle nemaš razlog da vjeruješ u to... Samo misliš da nema razloga zašto ne bi vjerovao. Gdje imamo dokaze, trebali bi imati jako vjerovanje, u redu? - Gdje imamo slabe dokaze, trebamo imati slabo vjerovanje... - Imaš li ti dokaze za beskrajan univerzum? Ne, ne tvrdim da je vječan. Ono što kažem je da niko ne zna da li je vječan ili ne... ...i zato, argument za Boga koji sugeriše da nije vječan... - ...nije validan argument. - Da li vjeruješ da je vječan? - Ne. - Znači vjeruješ da je imao početak? - Ne. -Vraćamo se na istu stvar Darene. Ne možeš shvatiti. - U redu. Da, u pravu si, ne mogu razumjeti. Upravo sam rekao: ''Da li vjeruješ da je vječan'' Rekao si ''ne'' Rekao sam: ''Vjeruješ da ima početak'' I rekao si ''ne'' - I sad sam zbunjen. - U redu. Spanish: ¿Cuáles son las razones que pueden deshacerse de él? ¿Entonces no crees que el universo tuvo un comienzo? Una vez más, me malinterpretaste. El universo puede o no estar siempre allí, pero no hay razón para deshacerse de él. OKAY. Acepto que no crees que el comienzo del universo fue hace 3400 millones de años. Sí, tienes razón, está bien. Cree lo que quieras. Nada en el cosmos puede ver eso. No tienes motivos para creer que... Solo piensas que no hay razón para creer en eso. Cuando tenemos evidencia, debemos tener una fuerte confianza, ¿de acuerdo? Si tenemos mucha evidencia tendremos una fuerte creencia. Entonces, ¿tienes pruebas de un universo eterno? No, no pretendo que el universo sea eterno. Lo que digo es que nadie sabe que el universo es eterno o no. Y por lo tanto el argumento sobre Dios que supone que el universo no es eterno. ¿Crees que el universo es eterno? No es un argumento válido. ¿Crees que el universo es eterno? No. ¿Entonces crees que el universo tiene un comienzo? No. Volvemos a esto de nuevo, Darren. No entendiste Sí, traté de entenderlo. OKAY. Sí, tienes razón en que realmente no lo entendí. Entonces digo: «¿Crees que el universo es eterno?». Dices que no». Le dije: «¿Crees que el universo tiene un comienzo?». y dices «no» Correcto. Entonces ahora estoy confundido. OKAY. Bosnian: Dobro, da pokušam da ti raščistim. Pretpostavimo... Pretpostavimo...da... - ...da li je onaj tip... - Pričamo o univerzumu. U redu, u redu. Možemo postaviti pitanja u vezi određenih stvari. Moraš mi odgovoriti na ovo što sam rekao. Pitao sam dva pitanja. Ne mogu dati vjerovanje za bilo koju opciju jer trenutno ne znamo. - U svakom slučaju nemamo dokaz. - Dobro, dobro. Ali dao si mi konkretan odgovor, rekao si ne, dva puta! - Da, jesi. - Rekao sam ne misleći na ''ne vjerujem'' Ne, ne. - Da, da, ne vjeruješ - To ne znači da mislim da je suprotna stvar istinita. - Ne razumiješ... - File, File - Dakle kažeš da ne zauzimaš stav? - Tačno. - U redu. - Tačno, ti shvataš! Daren ne razumije! - Dakle ne misliš da je univerzum... - Izvini, kako se zoveš? - Imran - Imran razumije! Daren ne. - Dobro? Postoji jasna razlika... - Dakle ne vjeruješ da je univerzum imao početak, niti vjeruješ da je vječan? Tačno, mislim da ne znamo. Moglo bi biti bilo šta. Nemam problem biti otvoren za bilo koju opciju. Spanish: Déjame ayudarte a corregir tu confusión, OK. Supongamos... Suponer que... Queremos conocer a esa persona Hablemos del universo. Sobre el universo. Bien, bien, bien, bien, bien. Podemos preguntar sobre ciertos hechos, ¿de acuerdo? Quiero que respondas la pregunta que te hago. Hice dos preguntas. No puedo creer en ambas opciones debido a nuestra ignorancia en este momento. No tenemos evidencia de ninguno de los dos. Bien bien. Pero has respondido con seguridad. Dices no dos veces. No. Sí, respondes de esa manera. Le dije que no a «No creo». No no. Sí, tienes razón en «No creo». Eso no significa que lo contrario sea cierto. No, no, te pregunto... No entendiste... Phil, Phil... ¿Entonces dices que no tomas una posición? Correcto. Okay. ¡Correcto! Tú lo entiendes. Darren no lo entiende. Entonces no crees que el universo. - Lo siento, ¿cómo te llamas? Imran, Imran. Imran lo entiende. Darren no lo entiende, sí. Entonces, hay una clara diferencia. ¿Entonces no crees que el universo tuvo un comienzo y que el universo también es eterno? Bien, creo que no lo sabemos. La respuesta podría ser una de ellas. Estoy feliz si resulta que la respuesta es una de esas opciones. Spanish: Pero si resulta que no hay evidencia ¿Se basa en...? Falta de evidencia física o... Sí o crees que hay contradicciones lógicas en creer que el universo fue creado? No, no, creo que esas dos opciones son lógicamente consistentes. OKAY. Y no puede elegir una de sus elecciones por razones lógicas Claro. Y ninguna observación puede explicarnos tampoco. Entonces, ¿qué muestra la evidencia? No ambos. ¿Qué? ¿De qué prueba estás hablando? No hay respuesta. No hay respuesta. Sí, pero explicamos sobre «Big Bang». OK, OK, déjame explicarte eso porque causa confusión, ¿de acuerdo? No estoy haciendo un reclamo, solo digo que escucho a los científicos. - Muy bien. - Usando este ejemplo. - Muy bien. Que el universo experimentó un «Big Bang» el universo tuvo un comienzo, está bien. OK, eso fue un error. Esa es la confusión. Déjame intentar corregir la confusión por ti Muy bien. ¿OKAY? Ciertamente tenemos evidencia abrumadora de que existe «Big Bang», ¿de acuerdo? Eso es todo en lo que estamos de acuerdo».Redshift» muestra que el «Big Bang» sucedió. Nadie discute sobre eso, ¿de acuerdo? La pregunta es si el «Big Bang» es el comienzo. ¿O es solo una transición del estado anterior? Bosnian: - Ali ako nema dokaza... - Da li je to bazirano na... - nedostatku fizičkog dokaza ili... - Da. ...ili misliš da postoje logičke kontradikcije za bilo koju od dvije opcije? Ne, ne, mislim da je bilo koja savršeno logički dosljedna... ...ne postoji logički razlog zašto bi se preferirala jedna nad drugom... - ...i nema obzervacija koje bi nas uputile na bilo koju opciju. - Na koju ukazuju dokazi? - Nijednu. - Šta? O kojim dokazima govoriš? - Nema odgovora, nema odgovora. - Ali postoji Veliki prasak... Dobro, dobro, daj da pokušam da ti objasnim to jer je još jedna oblast koja buni, dobro? - Nisam tvrdio bilo šta, samo sam rekao, čuo sam da naučnici... - Dobro - ...koriste ove primjere... - Da. - ...da kažu da je univerzum imao Veliki prasak - Da je univerzum imao početak, dobro. U redu. To je greška, zabuna. Da pokušam da ti razjasnim tu zabunu. U redu? Definitivno imamo ogromne dokaze da se Veliki prasak dogodio, u redu? Oko toga se svi slažu, crveni pomak, sve ove stvari pokazuju da se Veliki prasak dogodio. Niko to ne osporava. Pitanje glasi: Da li je Veliki prasak zapravo početak? Ili je samo bio prelaz iz neke prethodne faze. Bosnian: Razlog povezivanja Velikog praska sa početkom... ...je jer postoje teoreme koje su dokazali Roger Penrose i Stephen Hawking nazvane ''Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems'' I one pokazuju da univerzum koji se širi mora imati singularitet, u redu? U svojoj prošlosti. U konačnoj količini vremena, gustina, pritisak temperatura, sve idu u beskraj, dobro? I evolucija univerzuma ne može biti nastavljena dalje od toga. I kažemo da je univerzum počeo u tački singulariteta Velikog praska. Međutim, teoreme singulariteta koje su Penrose i Hawkin pokazali, imaju pretpostavke u sebi, u redu? Jedna od pretpostavki je da gravitacija uvijek privlači, dobro? Šta smo saznali u 1998. je da se brzina širenja svemira povećava. A to znači da to krši pretpostavke ''energetskih uslova'' Što je u suštini reći: gravitacija je oduvijek privlačila. Penrose-Hawking teorema. Dakle našli smo, da, iako je razumno pretpostaviti da je gravitacija uvijek privlačila. Ispalo je da pretpostavka nije tačna! Spanish: Ahora, la razón para asociar «Big Bang» como un comienzo. Se debe a un teorema probado por Roger Penrose y Stephen Hawking llamado «Teoremas de singularidad de Penrose-Hawking». Muestran que el universo en expansión debe tener una singularidad, OK. Y su pasado. Y en una cierta cantidad de tiempo, la densidad, la presión, el ambiente y la temperatura van al infinito, ¿de acuerdo? Y entonces no puedes continuar la evolución del universo fuera de él. Entonces decimos que el universo se originó a partir de la singularidad del «Big Bang». Sin embargo, el teorema de singularidad mostrado por Penrose y Hawking tiene una suposición, OK. Una de las suposiciones es que la gravedad siempre es atraída, de acuerdo. Ahora, lo que descubrimos en 1998 fue que el universo se aceleró cuando creció. ¿Eso significa que hay una violación del supuesto de las condiciones de energía? Que básicamente dice que el universo siempre estuvo interesado. ¿Qel teorema de Penrose-Hawking? Entonces encontramos que, aunque esto parece tener sentido, la gravedad siempre está interesada pero resulta que esta suposición es incorrecta. Spanish: También tenemos pruebas de que existió, al comienzo del universo. Eso también es gravedad. Eso viola el teorema de Penrose-Hawking. Y Penrose Hawking, ambos, han dicho, y los he entrevistado a ambos. Y ambos están de acuerdo en que el teorema de Penrose-Hawking no se puede aplicar al universo. Porque sus suposiciones son cuestionables. Y los supuestos más importantes de este teorema y esto también se pueden aplicar a otros teoremas también. Porque el otro... y así sucesivamente. Es decir que la relatividad general explica la evolución del universo hacia la singularidad. Y hay un problema con eso y el problema es que... Hay otra teoría que hemos llamado mecánica cuántica. Entonces, la relatividad general es una teoría utilizada para explicar la gran estructura en el universo. La mecánica cuántica se usa para explicar su pequeña estructura. Pero si seguimos la lógica de la teoría del «Big Bang», todo el universo observable. Bosnian: Također, imamo dokaze da je postojalo nešto što se zove ''Kosmička inflacija'' ranog univerzuma. To je također gravitacijsko odbijanje. Dakle to se krši sa uslovima Penrose-Hawking teorema. A Penrose i Hawking, obojica su rekli, a ja sam intervjuisao obojicu. I obojica su se složila da se Penrose-Hawking teoreme ne odnose na univerzum. Jer su pretpostavke koje su imali bile upitne. Ima još jedna, bitnija pretpostavka u ovim teorijama, i to se također odnosi i na druge teoreme. Jer jedna koja govori...i tako dalje. A to je da opća teorija relativiteta opisuje evoluciju svemira sve do tačke singulariteta. I postoji problem u vezi s tim. A problem je da... Imamo još jednu teoriju kojom objašnjavamo fiziku koju nazivamo kvantnom mehanikom. Dakle, opća teorija relativiteta je teorija koja opisuje velike strukture unutar svemira... ...kvantna mehanika opisuje male strukture. Ali, ako pratimo logiku teorije Velikog praska, čitav vidljivi svemir... Spanish: Dentro de un más pequeño que un átomo, ¿de acuerdo? Pesa más que eso, ¿verdad? Luego tenemos que introducir la mecánica cuántica. Y el problema es que la mecánica cuántica y la relatividad se contradicen entre sí. Ambos, literalmente, se contradicen entre sí, está bien. Entonces, a partir de eso. Entonces, la mayoría de los físicos piensan que los teoremas de Penrose-Hawking y Penrose Hawking dicen esto «No apliques al universo». Por lo tanto, es un error asociar el «Big Bang» con el comienzo del universo, ¿de acuerdo? ¿Te explicó eso? Sí, se dice mucho. Entonces, lo siento, solo quiero clasificar algo. Entonces si tienes... Teorías que se han desarrollado y tienen contradicciones fundamentales. Y también hay otras cosas que calculan incorrectamente la cantidad de energía de la materia oscura en el universo. Con un factor muy grande. No creo que eso se ajuste al teorema. Okay Puedes cambiar el material Entonces, lo que entiendo es esto. Con respecto al modelo matemático del universo. - Sí. Bosnian: ...je bio manji od atoma, u redu? Mnogo manji, dobro? Onda moramo unijeti kvantnu mehaniku. A problem je da su kvantna mehanika i opća teorija relativnosti međusobno kontradiktorne. Bukvalno su međusobno kontradiktorne, u redu? Dakle, s tim u vezi... Većina fizičara misli da ove Penrose-Hawking teoreme, a i sami Penrose i Hawkin kažu ovo: ''Ne mogu se primjenjivati na univerzum'' I zato je pogrešno povezivati Veliki prasak sa početkom svemira, u redu? - Da li je sad jasnije? - Da, u redu je. Izvini, samo želim da razjasnim nešto. Ako imamo... Ako postoje ove teorije koje su različite, koje su u osnovi kontradiktorne... ...a tu su i druge stvari kao što je pogrešno izračunavanje količine tamne materije i energije u univerzumu... - ...što je od velikoga značaja. - Mislim da to nije bitno za ove teoreme. - Mogao bi promijeniti materiju... - Dakle, ono što sam razumio... ...sve ovo su matematički modeli univerzuma. - Da, to je tačno. Bosnian: I dok razvijamo ovo, mislimo o načinima na koje možemo... - ...prirodno objasniti beskonačnu prošlost. - Da. Ali, to vodi problemu. Za mene, kao nekoga ko nije ataista... ...za mene, problem je i dalje...i dalje pričaš o... ...nizu događaja koji idu beskrajno u prošlost... I pitanje koje dolazi, to je klasično pitanje. Kako bi prešao preko beskonačnog broja dešavanja u prošlosti? Dakle u modelima koje imamo... ...koji dozvoljavaju beskrajnu prošlost, kako je taj problem objašnjen? Dakle, da pokušam...ima nekoliko objašnjenja za ovo. U redu? Jedno objašnjenje je da je univerzum... Da bi rekao da ne možeš preći besrkajnu količinu vremena... ...morao bi pretpostaviti da je univerzum na putovanju, dobro? Na primjer, ja ne mogu preći beskonačan prostor, dobro? - Jer ja ne živim beskonačno - Da. Spanish: Y a medida que desarrollamos esto, pensamos en formas en que podemos. Explicar científicamente sobre el pasado infinito Sí, sí. Pero eso también causa problemas. Para mí como no ateo Sí El problema es que todavía estás hablando. Una serie de eventos que sucedieron en el pasado a una cantidad infinita de tiempo. Y la pregunta que surge y esta es una pregunta clásica ¿cómo ves eventos en el pasado que son infinitos? En el modelo que tienes... ¿cómo es un pasado infinito, cómo se puede explicar? Entonces déjenme tratar de decir algunas explicaciones para eso. ¿BIEN BIEN? Entonces, una explicación es que el universo. Para decir que no puedes pasar por el tiempo infinito. Tienes que asumir que el universo está viajando, ¿de acuerdo? Entonces, por ejemplo, no puedo cruzar el espacio infinito, ¿de acuerdo? Porque no puedo vivir para siempre ¿verdad? Sí. Bosnian: Znači ja ne mogu to uraditi. - Konačno biće ne može uraditi tako nešto - Naravno. Zamisli trku. I kažem ''počni trku nakon što opalim'' ''ali prvo sačekaj dok izbrojim beskonačnost, onda počni trku.'' Naravno, nikad nećemo početi trku. Međutim... Ovaj argument pretpostavlja da postoji početak koji je beskrajno daleko. Jer zapravo, u ovim modelima, početak ne postoji. Dakle univerzum nije na putovanju. Ovaj argument se oslanja na vrijeme... ...kako ga razumijemo. Ali šta znamo kroz relativnost, ne postoji univerzalni pojam sadašnjosti. Dakle univerzum ne mora doći do ''sad'', jer ne postoji ''sad'' do kojeg bi došao. I ovaj argument... Bill Craig koji je iznio ovaj argument... Spanish: OK, entonces no puedo hacerlo. Los seres limitados no pueden hacer eso... Por supuesto, sí. ¿OKAY? Imagínese si hay una carrera, ¿de acuerdo? Y digo «Comienza la carrera después de disparar. Y espere hasta que cuente hasta el infinito primero y luego comience la carrera «. Por supuesto, ¿cuándo se realizará la carrera, verdad? Pero... Este argumento supone que hay un comienzo que está muy lejos. No, no asumas eso. Pero el hecho es que hay un modelo que muestra que no hay principio. Entonces el universo no viaja. Este argumento se basa en el tiempo. Como entendemos. Pero entendemos acerca de la relatividad que no existe una noción universal de «ahora». Entonces el universo no necesita llegar al punto «ahora» porque no hay un punto «ahora» para ir, OK. Entonces este argumento y Bill Craig que dijo este argumento. Spanish: Sobre eso no puedes tener un pasado infinito. Acepta que este argumento se basa en... El rechazo efectivo del principio básico de la relatividad. ¿SI? Como puede Qué hacer... Debe suponer que hay un marco allí, está bien. Entonces, en términos simples, se llama «ahora», que existe definitivamente. OK, pero en relatividad, la comprensión estándar en relatividad de que no existe universalmente «ahora». Donde el universo debe ir allí. Por lo tanto, este argumento no puede funcionar. Y qué... A menos que el universo tenga un comienzo. Por supuesto, si el universo tiene un comienzo, entonces el universo tiene un principio, ¿verdad? Pero está tratando de llegar a la conclusión de que el universo debe comenzar con este argumento. Sin embargo, puedo hacer esto si sabes, puedo hacer lo contrario N OK, OK. Según lo que creo El universo tiene un comienzo. Sí, tienes derecho a ser lo que quieras ser. Entonces puedo hacer una pregunta. Si el universo tiene un comienzo y es científico. Pero lo que podemos preguntar es si esto está respaldado por evidencia y razones. ¿Tienes evidencia que contradiga eso? Y digo otra vez. ¿Tienes evidencia que contradiga eso? Si no tengo evidencia que contradiga eso. Eso no significa que sea verdad. Sí, pero eso tampoco significa mal. Bosnian: ...da ne možeš imati beskrajnu prošlost. On prihvata da se ovaj argument oslanja... ...na negiranje osnovnih nečala teorije relativnosti. U redu? - Na koji način? - Mora pretpostaviti da postoji preferirani okvir. Laički rečeno, definitivno ''sad'' koje postoji. U redu? Ali u relativnosti, standardno razumijevanje relativnosti je da nema univerzalnog ''sad''. Do kojeg univerzum mora doći. I zbog toga ovaj argument ne funkcionira. - Dakle... - Osim ako unverzum nije imao početak. Pa, naravno, ukoliko je imao početak, imao je početak, zar ne? Ali ako možeš zaključiti da je morao imati početak, koristeći ovu argumentaciju. Ali ono što mogu je sledeće, mogu ići suprotnim putem. Prema onome što vjerujem... ...univerzum je imao početak. - Možeš vjerovati šta god hoćeš - Onda mogu postaviti pitanje. - Da li je moje vjerovanje da je univerzum imao početak nenaučan? Ono što bi mogli pitati je: da li je poduprt dokazima i rezonovanjem? Ne, ne, ne, imaš li dokaze protiv? - Imaš li dokaze protiv? - Ako nemam dokaze protiv, ne znači... - ...da je tačno. - Da, ali također ne znači da je pogrešno. Bosnian: Nemam dokaze da ti nisi putnik kroz vrijeme Mogao bi biti! Ali to ne znači da tu tvrdnju moram shvatiti ozbiljno, zar ne? Ovo je ono što želimo da ustanovimo File. Mislim da to ljudi ne razumiju, a mislim da bi trebali. Nije nas briga u šta vjerujete, u stvarnosti. - Jer u stvari nemate stav. - Upravo! Nemate ništa. Mi imamo naša vjerovanja, zar ne? I ovdje smo da vam dozvolimo da osporite ono u šta vjerujemo! Naše vjerovanje zahtijeva da je univerzum morao početi postojati. U redu? Zahtijeva. Da ste imali, mogli ste nam dokazati da univerzum nije imao početak. Imali bi osnov s kojeg bi nam osporili vjerovanje. Ali nemate ga. - Dobro, da odgovorim na to. - Ne, ne. I ono što ti kažem je... Vjerujem da Kur'an dolazi od natprirodnog izvora. - I vjerujem da je uzrok univerzuma natprirodan. - U redu. - U redu? -U redu. - Ti ne možeš reći da je natprirodan, jer ne znaš. - Dobro. Spanish: No tengo pruebas de que no seas un viajero en el tiempo. ¡Echar un vistazo! Podrías ser un viajero en el tiempo. No no. Pero eso no significa que deba tomarme el reclamo en serio, ¿verdad? Aquí está, esto es lo que estamos tratando de establecer aquí, Phil. Sí. Y creo que la gente no lo entiende y creo que tienen que entenderlo. No nos importa nada de lo que creas en la realidad. Nos importa Porque en realidad no tienes una posición. ¡Si claro! No tienes nada bien. Entonces tenemos nuestra confianza ¿verdad? Así que aquí le permitimos desafiar lo que creemos, ¿verdad? Entonces, nuestra creencia requiere que el universo tenga un comienzo. OK. ¿Sí? Necesita que... Ahora, puedes probarnos que el universo no tiene principio. Ahora tiene una base para comenzar a desafiar nuestras creencias. Pero no tienes esa base. OK, déjame responder a eso. No no. Entonces, lo que te estoy diciendo es... Creo que el Corán proviene de una fuente sobrenatural Muy bien. Y creo que la causa del universo es sobrenatural. OKAY. ¿Sí? Ya. No puedes decir que la causa no es sobrenatural porque no lo sabes. OKAY. Bosnian: - Mi smo zadovoljni s tim! - Dobro. I možeš nastaviti sa svojim modelima... - ...predviđanjima, pretpostavkama itd. Mogu li odgovoriti na to? Dobro. To je u redu, u potpunosti se slažem sa svim što si rekao, u redu? - Elhamdulillah (sva hvala Bogu). - U redu. Ali, ali... Ako možeš pružiti argument iz nauke... ...ili rezonovanja, da možemo zaključiti početak svijeta... I da imamo dokaz za tvoje vjerovanje... - I racionalnu osnovu za takvo vjerovanje. - Možda bi vjerovao Onda bih mogao raspravljati o tome. Mogu reći da je to pogrešno... ...to je pogrešno razmišljanje, i trebao bi biti kritikovan... ...što postavljaš tu vrstu argumenta. Upravo si rekao da ne postoji ''sad''. - Ne postoji ''sad''. - Ne postoji sveobuhvatno značenje termina ''sad'' Da imaš ''sad'' za univerzum. Ja imam ''sad'', ti imaš ''sad'' Razumijem. Da li onda govoriš da sve... Spanish: Y estamos contentos con eso. OKAY. Y puede traer una nueva forma y puede continuar con su modelo. Tu invitado. con tu suposición, todas estas cosas. ¿Puedo responder a eso? OK, entonces está bien. Estoy totalmente de acuerdo con lo que dices, sí. Alhamdulillah. Bien bien. Pero pero... Si haces argumentos de la ciencia. Que podemos concluir que hay un comienzo. Y de eso tienes prueba de tu fe. Y una base racional para tus creencias, ¿verdad? Entonces puedo debatir eso y puedo decir que está mal, ¿de acuerdo? Esa es la idea equivocada y tienes que ser criticado. Por hacer argumentos como ese. Así que acabas de decir que no existe el «ahora». No existe tal cosa como «ahora». No existe el «ahora» universal. Entonces... No hay un «ahora» que pueda decir que en el universo, yo tengo «ahora» y tú también tienes tu «ahora». Entiendo. ¿Si claro? Entonces, ¿estás diciendo que todo. Spanish: Que existe, existe simultáneamente No... ¿Qué estás diciendo entonces? No, no, no, no. Esto significa... Porque no entiendo el concepto. BIEN BIEN. Dentro, está bien, entonces, ¿qué puedo sugerir...? Es que puedes ver videos y leer libros sobre relatividad. Y el concepto de relatividad es muy importante para todos los problemas aquí. Esto se llama relatividad y simultaneidad, ¿de acuerdo? ¿Qué dice que los observadores desconocen si están de acuerdo con lo que se llama «ahora»? OK, puedes decir este incidente, así que si yo... Supongamos que pongo mi vaso de agua en tu taza, ¿de acuerdo? Entonces lo tomo, ¿eh? Dijiste que había una serie de eventos y estaríamos de acuerdo. Porque estamos en la misma referencia sobre qué es una serie de eventos. Entonces, lo que dice la relatividad es que los observadores que pueden turnarse no están de acuerdo. Con respecto a la serie de eventos. Seguro seguro. Entonces eso es lo que llamamos relatividad y simultaneidad. Un ejemplo clásico es... Un ejemplo de un auto... ¿Cuál, auto, verdad? Bosnian: - ...što postoji postoji u isto vrijeme u svim vremenima...šta govoriš? - Ne, ne, ne - Jer ne razumijem taj koncept. - U redu, u redu. U redu. Ono što bih predložio je... ...pogledaj videe, čitaj knjige na temu relativnosti. Postoji koncept u relativnosti koji je jako bitan za ovu raspravu koji se zove ''relativnost simultanosti'' u redu? Ono što kaže je da se dva posmatrača ne mogu složiti u tome šta je sad. Ukoliko ja... Pretpostavimo da stavim svoju čašu vode na tvoju. U redu? I onda je sklonim, dobro? Imamo niz događaja i složićemo se... Jer smo u istom referentnom okviru, pa znamo koji je niz događaja. Ono što relativnost kaže je da drugi posmatrač koji se kreće može da se ne složi... - ...koji je bio niz događaja. - Svakako, svakako. Dakle nema...to je ono što zovemo ''relativnost simultanosti''. - Klasičan primjer je... - Voz i zvuk, zar ne? - Da, voz. Bosnian: Recimo da si na platformi i vidiš dva groma kako udaraju... ...pored tebe. Ti stojiš mirno... ...i kažeš da su oba udarila u isto vrijeme, Međutim ako si na vozu koji je u pokretu, reći ćeš: ''Ne, onaj ispred mene je udario prvi'' I pitanje je šta je tačno A relativnost kaže: Ne postoji tačno, Oni su u pravu u svom referentnom okviru, ti si u pravu u svom referentnom okviru. Ne znači da vrijeme ne postoji. Sve se dešava u isto vrijeme. Ne kažemo da nema vremena. Kažemo da nema jedinstvenog ''sad'', koje bi mogli pripisati univerzalnom... Problem koji vidim u tome je... Ono što koristiš kao odrednicu za ''sad'' je percepcija. Prihvatam to. Ukloni ljude iz tog scenarija. - Ne postoji neko ko bi percipirao događaj. - Da. Da li ''sad'' postoji u takvom scenariju? Rekao bih ne. Ideja...vrijeme je neovisno... o tome da li ga ljudi opažaju, u redu? Možeš imati satove unutar čestica, radioaktivne čestice su satovi. Spanish: Entonces, si estás en la plataforma y ves que hay dos rayos. Cerca de ti y te quedas inmóvil. Entonces dices las dos oraciones juntas. Pero si estás en un tren en movimiento dirás que el rayo frente a mí es el primero. Por supuesto. Entonces la pregunta es cuál es la correcta. Y la relatividad dice que nada es cierto. Tienen razón al usar sus términos de referencia y usted también tiene razón, esto no significa El problema es... Que todo se hace simultáneamente. Esto no quiere decir que no hay tiempo. Esto nos dice que no hay un «ahora» único en el que podamos pensar como fuente. El problema que creo es que hay. Esta es la percepción que crees que es la fuente de separación sobre el «ahora». Yo acepto que. Pero eso no elimina a la humanidad. Que nadie vio que sucediera nada. - Sí. ¿Hay un «ahora» en el escenario? Yo digo que no. La idea del tiempo es independiente. No le importa si los humanos lo sienten o no, ¿de acuerdo? Puede tener relojes en partículas como partículas radioactivas de reloj. Bosnian: I ovo bi se odnosilo na njih iako nema ljudi koji bi to gledali. I postoji još jedan način na koji se može misliti o tome. Kada smo intervjuisali Sir Roger Penrose-a postavili smo baš ovo pitanje, Njegov model svemira je da je vječan u prošlosti... I rekao sam: ''Kako može biti vječan u prošlosti?'' I rekao je: ''Pa, za čestice bez mase vrijeme ne prolazi.'' - Dakle, za njih dan, nedjelja, mjesec, godina... - Nekim ljudima prolazi. U redu... Za njih, pričali su... ...za njih u stvari nema prolaska vremena. I dalje čine prostorno - vremenski sastav, Ali nema protoka vremena. - Ne normalnog vremena. - Volim ovo... Jako je inteligentno. Ali koja je tvoja poenta? Poenta...u redu, poenta je Darene... ...reći ću opet... Poenta je, Ima mnogo muslimana i kršćana, Spanish: Y esto se aplica sin que nadie lo vea, ¿de acuerdo? Ahora, de hecho, hay otras formas de pensar en esto. Cuando presentamos a Sir Roger Penrose, hacemos esta pregunta. ¿Cómo puede ser el modelo de que el universo era inmortal en el pasado, verdad? Y digo cómo puede ser eterno el universo. Dijo que no se siente el tiempo, ¿verdad? Entonces para ellos un día, un mes, un año. Hay algunas personas que lo sienten. OK Entonces para ellos, hablaron de... Para ellos no existe una línea de tiempo. Bien, pero todavía hay estructuras de espacio y tiempo. Pero no hay línea de tiempo. Todas estas cosas se dicen... No es el tiempo normal. Es algo muy inteligente, pero ¿cuáles son tus puntos? El punto, OK, el punto, Darren. Déjame hacer el punto de nuevo. Sí Sí. La cuestión es... Que muchos musulmanes y cristianos. Spanish: Eso dice y puedes sacar conclusiones. Que Dios existe basado en el comienzo del universo El comienzo del universo apoya la existencia de Dios. La cosmología del «Big Bang» y usted también reveló la cosmología del «Big Bang». No no. OK, OK, está bien. Si no eres tú, hay muchos otros musulmanes, ¿verdad? Lo que quiero decir es esto. ¿Qué estoy diciendo esto y me estás citando mal? La segunda cosa no hace que la gente se quede con ese argumento. Lo aprecio. ¿Cómo puedo hacer los argumentos de la gente de paja? Porque respondes a sus argumentos. Pero no lo dije. Pero realmente expresaste la cosmología del «Big Bang». La única razón, no, no. La única razón por la que revelo la cosmología del «Big Bang» es para decir que... Algunos científicos creen que el universo tuvo un comienzo debido a esto. OKAY. Los científicos afirman. OKAY. Bien bien. Entonces, si eso es cierto, es compatible No, no, no, no, no, ¡escucha! Yo no personalmente, si vengo aquí y te digo que la ciencia apoya. Lo siento, tengo una pregunta. Por favor. Entonces dices... OK Si no tienes masa, entonces no habrá tiempo. Entonces, ¿hay algún momento en que el universo no tenga masa? Lo más probable es que sí. Bosnian: ...koji kažu da se postojanje Boga... ...može zaključiti...ili da početak svemira... ...da početak svemira podržava Boga. - Da se kosmologija Velikog praska, a ti si pomenuo kosmologiju Velikog praska, - Ne, ne, ne, pitao sam... Dobro, dobro. U redu. Ako nisi ti, mnogi muslimani pominju. Ono što sam rekao je sljedeće, pogrešno me citiraš. I druga stvar, nemoj koristiti ''slamnati argument'' (logička pogreška) - Cijenio bih to. - Kako sam upotrijebio ''slamnati argument'' Odgovaraš na njihove argumente... ...koje nisam pomenuo. Ali jesi pomenuo kosmologiju Velikog praska, zar nisi? Jedini razlog zbog kojeg sam pomenuo kosmologiju Velikoga praska je da bih rekao, - Neki kažu da vjeruju da je svemir imao početak zbog toga. - U redu. - To naučnici kažu! - Dobro. - Ukoliko je to istina, onda to podržava tvoj argument, zar ne? - Ne, ne, ne, slušaj... Ja lično...da sam došao i počeo ti govoriti da nauka podržava.... - Izvini, imam jedno pitanje. - Samo naprijed. - Vratimo se na poentu. - Dakle kažeš: ako si bez mase, vrijeme ne postoji Dakle, da li je vrijeme postojalo kada svemir nije imao masu? Prilično moguće, da. Spanish: ¿Cuándo es eso? - Cuando «Big Bang». ¿Por qué la masa no se volvió infinita en ese momento? Esa es la curvatura del espacio-tiempo en el teorema de la singularidad. ¿Sí ok? Pero si la temperatura es demasiado alta para formar la masa que Sir Roger Penrose debate y dice que esto es cierto. Pero esa era ciertamente una visión que podía respetarse, por lo que no había una misa en ese momento. Entonces la pregunta, la pregunta intuitiva, tal vez estoy equivocado sobre esto. ¿Cómo puede tener efecto la temperatura sin hacer masa? ¿Cómo es que?... Porque, porque las partículas se dividen. Sí a altas temperaturas, ¿de acuerdo? Así es como puedes romper las partículas. Entiendo que la temperatura es la energía que se transfiere entre las partículas. Puedes, puedes... La parte también se mueve. Entonces, si la masa es infinita. Entonces está claro que el tiempo también juega un papel para ambos. BIEN BIEN. Entonces esto no es masa sino la curvatura del tiempo. OKAY. OK, porque la densidad es infinita, ¿verdad? Ahora, eso es lo que sucede en el teorema de la singularidad. Si no hay masa en el universo. Bosnian: - Kada je bilo to? - Kod Velikog praska. Nije li masa postala beskonačna u tom trenutku? To je teorema zakrivljenosti prostora u singularitetu. Ali, ukoliko je temperatura bila prevelika da bi se masa formirala, što zagovara Roger Penrose i ne kažem da je u pravu... ...ali to je zasigurno cijenjeno gledište, onda nema nikakve mase u tom trenutku. Imam intuitivno pitanje, možda griješim u vezi toga. Kako temperatura može imati efekat ako nema mase? - Kako može postojati temperatura... - Jer se čestice razbijaju... ...na visokim temperaturama, u redu? - Na taj način možeš razbiti čestice. - Razumijem da temperatura prenosi energiju između čestica. - Može... - Na taj način se pomjeraju. Ako im je masa beskonačna... onda očigledno vrijeme utiče na njih, jer samo čestice bez mase... ...nije da su im mase beskonačne, u pitanju je zakrivljenost vremena i prostora. U redu, jer im je gustina beskonačna, dobro? To je ono što se dešava u teoremi singulariteta. Ako ne postoji masa u univerzumu... Bosnian: Onda nema ni singulariteta, onda nema beskrajne gustine... - To je još jedna teorija. - Jedna mogućnost, da. Sada imamo isti problem koji smo imali maloprije, a to je: možeš spomenuti još neku teoriju... ...koja ima drugu ideju. - Ali ne dobijamo nikakvo kohezivno razumijevanje - I dalje ne znamo šta je tačno... Tačno! I zato bilo koji izneseni argument... ...koji koristi znanje koje nemamo je loš argument! Dakle... - Razumijem. - Ne kažem: ''zbog ovoga, stvari koje ne znamo'' ''...islam nije istina.'' Ne govorim to. - Elhamdulillah Dobro? Ono što govorim je da konkretno ovaj argument... - ...koji se koristio - Zato sam spomenuo ''slamnati argument'', jer nisam iznio bilo šta. Dobro, u redu. Ne ti, ali mnogi muslimani iznose ovaj argument. Ne možeš negirati to. Jesam li ja? U redu je, da. Neki ljudi iznose. Dobro, mnogi muslimani iznose. - I hajmo se složiti da griješe... - I postoji jako mnogo ateista koji vjeruju da je naturalizam premisa nauke. - I ne slažem se s njima, to je u redu. - I mnogi ateisti vjeruju da je svemir nastao prije 30,4 milijarde godina. Spanish: Y el hecho es que no hay singularidad, por lo que no existe la densidad infinita Esa es otra teoría. Esa es otra teoría. Pero esa es una posibilidad, sí. Entonces, aquí es donde tenemos el mismo problema que antes: Puedes plantear otra teoría. Que tienen otras ideas. Pero no tenemos una comprensión integrada. Bien, entonces cualquier argumento hecho usando El conocimiento que no tenemos es un mal argumento. Entonces, esto, no, no. Si entiendo. No digo por esto, con cosas que no sabemos. Entonces el Islam está equivocado. Yo no dije eso. -Alhamdulillah. ¿Si claro? ¿Qué estoy diciendo que este argumento en particular. Que se ha usado para decirlo Sí, por eso digo que hace que la gente se caiga porque no dije ese argumento. OK, no importa, la persona no eres tú, pero muchos musulmanes expresan este argumento. No he hecho este argumento. No puedes negarlo. Dije eso antes, ¿eh? No o, algunas personas lo hacen. OK, muchos musulmanes lo hacen. Así que estemos de acuerdo en que están equivocados Y muchos ateos creen que el naturalismo es el fundamento de la ciencia. OK, no estoy de acuerdo con eso. Y muchos ateos creen que el universo comenzó hace 34 mil millones de años. Bosnian: - 13,8 milijardi. - Dobro. - Postoje neka razilaženja... - Ono što govorim je sljedeće... - Ne bih nikad pitao tebe... - Onda, hajde da se složimo oko nečega. - Ja se slažem, u redu? Da naturalizam nije temelj nauke. Dobro? - Elhamdulillah. - Mislim da je obzervacija i testiranje teorija način na koji se radi s naukom. I možemo li se složiti da je argument koji se bazira na kosmologiji Velikog praska... ...loš argument za Boga. Možemo li se složiti oko toga? - Ali nisam iznio taj argument. - Nisam rekao da jesi. Možemo li se složiti da je loš argument? Tvoji drugovi muslimani koji iznose taj argument... - Možemo li se složiti da je to loš argument? - Ovako ću. Ići ću drugim putem. Dokaz u koji trebamo vjerovati koji nam govori da je svemir imao početak... ...se nalazi u Kur'anu. U redu. Možemo li se složiti da nauka ne podržava taj argument? - Ne podržava ga, niti ga negira. - Dobro, sjajno! - Onda se slažemo. - Da. Dobro! Jer možemo imati diskusiju kad imamo nešto oko čega se slažemo. Spanish: 13,8 mil millones de años atrás, por cierto. OKAY. Bien, aunque hay diferencias No, pero lo que digo es esto. ...pero pero. Pero no te preguntaré ¿Podemos buscar similitudes entre nosotros? Estoy de acuerdo, sí, en que el naturalismo no es la base de la ciencia. Alhamdulillah. ¿OKAY? Creo que la observación y la prueba teórica es cómo se hace la ciencia, ¿verdad? ¿Podemos aceptar que el argumento basado en la cosmología del «Big Bang»? Es un mal argumento sobre la existencia de Dios. ¿Podemos estar de acuerdo con eso? Nunca he mostrado ese argumento. No digo que lo hayas mostrado. ¿Podemos aceptar que ese es un mal argumento? Tus amigos musulmanes expresan este argumento. Yo creo... ¿Podemos aceptar que ese es un mal argumento? Lo diría así. Haré lo contrario. Voy a creer, una prueba para poder creer en la idea de que el universo tuvo un comienzo. Está en el Corán. Bien, pero ¿podemos estar de acuerdo en que la ciencia no respalda ese argumento? La ciencia no apoya ni se opone. ¡Vale genial! Entonces nos hemos puesto de acuerdo. Sí. Sí, eso es bueno. Podemos tener discusiones con similitudes. Spanish: Debido a que los musulmanes dicen que la ciencia apoya esto... ...mi creencia es firme y no me importa. Está bien, pero los musulmanes deben decir que esto está respaldado y están equivocados. Alhamdulillah. Pero en la otra mano. Por otro lado... ¿Estamos de acuerdo en eso? Esto es una objeción, una objeción. ¡Espera un minuto! ¿Podemos aceptar que los musulmanes digan que...? La ciencia apoya esa afirmación, están equivocados. Basado en la incertidumbre, no podemos estar de acuerdo. Depende, ¿verdad? - Hay algunos científicos... - ¿Eso depende de qué? No conozco al científico que hizo esa afirmación. Puedo decir que muchos cosmólogos ya no asocian el «Big Bang» con el comienzo. Si los musulmanes leen al científico que hizo esa afirmación, ¿cuál es el problema? Sí, por supuesto, siempre encontrará un científico que pueda respaldar cualquier reclamo. La pregunta es ¿cuál es el consenso de la comunidad? Si si sí. ¿Si claro? ¿Y qué hay del tipo de evidencia? Si tenemos un teorema. Respaldado por evidencia y luego tenemos nueva evidencia que lo refuta. Entonces debemos cambiar de opinión. Y lo que sucedió ese fue el problema. Que la comunidad científica ha cambiado de opinión sobre esto. Y lo que sucede es que hay musulmanes, no solo musulmanes, también cristianos. No quiero degradar, lo sabes, lo sabes... y están constantemente. Bosnian: A muslimani koji govore da nauka to podržava nisu u pravu! U redu, ali muslimani koji govore da nauka podržava to, nemaju pravo. - Elhamdullilah. - Ali, u drugu ruku... - S druge strane... - Možemo li se složiti oko toga? Samo malo, samo sekund. - Možemo li se složiti da muslimani koji govore da... ...nauka podržava to stanovište nisu u pravu? - Zasnovano na nesigurnosti, ne možemo. - Zavisi. - Postoje naučnici koji tvrde... - Od čega zavisi onda? Rekao bih da većina kosmologa više ne veže Veliki prasak za početak. Ako musliman čuje od naučnika koji tvrdi to, u čemu je problem? Pa, uvijek možeš naći nekog naučnika koji će podržati bilo koju tvrdnju. Pitanje je, koji je konsenzus naučne zajednice. I koja je priroda dokaza? Ako imamo teoremu... ...koja je podržana dokazima, a onda dobijemo nove dokaze koji je sruše, ...onda moramo promijeniti mišljenje. A ono što se desilo je, to je bio slučaj... ...naučna zajednica je promijenila svoje mišljenje u vezi toga. - I ono što se dešava je da imamo ove muslimane, ne samo muslimane, kršćani također... - Bez uvrede ali... Znaš li šta... Spanish: Cita esta ciencia expirada. ¡Phil, Phil, Phil! He visto a grandes musulmanes que hablaste con ellos. No solo... OK, Hamza Tzortzis, ¿qué crees que significa? Él hizo este argumento. ¿Cuándo? ¿Qué piensas de él? ¿Cuándo? ¿Cuándo? ¿Cuándo? No, no, ya lo hizo. No sé el día, solo mira el debate. Con los ateos, él siempre hace este argumento cada vez. Déjame darte una posición diferente. Entonces... OK ...lo que discutimos es hay una idea para deshacerse del tiempo. Porque será algo que está en el camino del pasado infinito. Y hablamos de todo No consideres ideas convencionales sobre el tiempo, no pierdas el tiempo. Seguro seguro. Entiendo lo que dices. Esto es... El tiempo juega un papel en el tiempo. Esta es la comprensión del tiempo por parte de un laico. Entonces... Shabir Ally, también hizo este argumento. ¿Que piensas de él? Gran persona. Gran persona. OK, él también hace exactamente el mismo argumento. Entonces, estás de acuerdo conmigo en que hizo el argumento equivocado. No lo he escuchado hacer su argumento y cómo lo hizo. OKAY. Ve y mira mientras discute con los ateos, él hace este argumento. No creo que muestres nada, para mí personalmente... Sí. Bosnian: - I uporno citiraju zastarjelu nauku! - File, File, File! Vidio sam s kojim tipom muslimana razgovaraš. Samo... Dobro, Hamza Tzortzis, šta misliš o njemu? On je iznio ovaj argument! - Šta misliš o njemu? - Kada? Kada, kada? Ne, ne, jeste rekao to. Nemam datum u glavi, pogledaj njegove debate... ...s ateistima. Uvijek iznosi taj argument! Da ti dam drugačije stanovište. Znači...šta smo diskutovali... ...imamo ideju da se riješimo vremena, ...jer je to stvar koja se nalazi na putu beskonačnoj prošlosti. -I pričamo o... - Konvencionalnog pojma vremena, u stvari se ne rješavamo vremena. - Razumijem... - To je... - Laičko razumijevanje vremena. - Vrijeme djeluje na masu. Shabir Ally iznosi ovaj argument, šta misliš o njemu? - Sjajan čovjek, sjajan. - U redu! On iznosi isti argument! - Onda se moraš složiti sa mnom da iznosi lažan argument! Nisam čuo argument niti kako ga je iznio. Pogledaj bilo koju debatu koju je imao s ateistom, on iznosi ovaj argument. - Lično, ne mislim da si predstavio bilo šta... - Da. Spanish: Quién puede oponerse al concepto. ¿Por qué no puede? Te explicaré por qué. Entonces tú, tú... Estamos hablando, lo primero es eliminarlo. Porque dices que esto es perceptivo. Y yo... Universal. Universal, ahora, claro. Y usted dice que esto se debe a la percepción y da ejemplos de trenes y rayos. Así que ahora elimino la percepción que surge de esta ecuación. Entonces es lo mismo que si un árbol cae en el bosque y nadie escucha, ¿puedes oírlo? ¿Hay sonido? Así que este es el alcance de dónde estamos ahora, un poco de lado. Y dices que el incidente sigue siendo un evento real. Y de manera decisiva. Por cierto, cómo la ciencia o la física entienden el universo. Todo es como lo que está sucediendo en este momento. Esto lleva a relacionarse con una pequeña parte del tiempo anterior. Y todo porque las partículas se mueven ya tiene un propósito. Tomamos eso al revés y. Bosnian: ...što kontrira tom konceptu. - Zašto ne? - Reći ću ti što. Ti si... Pričali smo...prvo, uklanjanje ''sad'' Jer si rekao da je perceptivno. - Univerzalno. - Univerzalno, da. I rekao si da je to zbog percepcija... i dao si primjer voza i munje. I onda sam uklonio percepciju iz jednačine... Ovo je isto što i ''Ako drvo padne, a nema nikoga da to čuje, možeš li čuti zvuk'' Da li ima zvuka? Dakle ovo je ono na čemu smo, malo klimav teren. Onda si rekao da su događaji i dalje stvarni. Na deterministički način. Na standardan način na koji nauka ili fizika razumije svemir. Sve je...šta se dešava u ovom trenutku ...je direktno povezano s malim dijelom prošlog vremena Jer su čestice koje dolaze već predodređene. Uzmemo li to na suprotan način... Bosnian: PRETPLATITE SE, LAJKAJKTE I KOMENTIRAJTE ...onda imamo obzervacije o kojima si pričao ''crveni pomak'' i... ...radioaktivnost itd. Koje vode singularitetu, a konvencionalno razumijevanje je: masa postaje beskonačna, a vrijeme... - Ne, masa ne postaje beskonačna - Da, masa i... - Gustina, zakrivljenost postaje beskonačna. - Gustina postaje beskonačna, da. U tom stadiju... gdje će vrijeme i dalje biti aktivno. Iznio si još jednu teoriju koja je u stvari kontradiktorna. Koja kaže da, ako ukloniš masu... Nisam ništa čuo od njih... Moram znati jer ima još nekih mjesec dana.. OSTANITE ZA DRUGI DIO Možeš li mi dati njihov E-mail... - Izvinjavam se. - U redu je. - Ne brini se. - Esselamu alejkum, kako si? Ako ukloniš masu, u suštini možeš... ili je smanjiš na takav nivo... ...da samo vrijeme ne dođe u jednačinu. A ja mislim da je to jednostavno izbjegavanje, to je ono što mislim. Bez uvrede. Jer, iznosiš još jednu teoriju koja bi nekako mogla izuzeti ideju... ...da moramo riješiti pitanje beskonačnog niza prošlih događaja. Spanish: Y tenemos la observación de que mencionaste «corrimiento al rojo» y... Radiación y otros. Todo lo cual conduce a una singularidad en la que la comprensión convencional es que... La masa se vuelve infinita y el tiempo se vuelve. La masa no se vuelve infinita Claro, la masa y... Densidad. La densidad se vuelve infinita, por supuesto. El arco se vuelve infinito. Entonces, en esa etapa cuando el tiempo todavía juega su papel. Dices otras teorías que son de naturaleza conflictiva. Que dice que si eliminas la masa. Nunca he oído hablar de ese momento. Necesito saber porque ha pasado un mes. ¿Me puede dar su correo electrónico? Sí, daré. OKAY. Lo siento. Esta bien. No te preocupes. Assalamualaikum. ¿Estás bien? Entonces, si se deshace de la masa, entonces básicamente o reduce la masa a un cierto nivel. Hasta ese momento no entró en la ecuación existente. Y creo que es solo una forma de evitarlo. Eso es lo que pienso. No quise lastimar. Porque solo encontraste otra teoría que de alguna manera podría disipar la idea de que... Tenemos que enfrentar una serie de eventos en el pasado. Bosnian: Za mene je to i dalje logička... gledati na svemir na logički način... I urzočnost, na način na koji je obično razumijemo, mislim da je... HVALA NA GLEDANJU Kalam kosmološki argument razuman argument. I lično nisam vidio nešto što bi pobijedilo... ...taj argument. Preveo: Abid Šabanović Spanish: Entonces creo que para mí es, poder ver el universo de una manera lógica. Y causas que realmente no entendemos, creo que eso es... Es su argumento y no he visto nada que pueda derrotarlo personalmente. A ese argumento.

BILL MOYERS: Welcome. My guest Arthur C. Brooks says the compassionate conservatism once touted by George W. Bush is making a comeback. Now, if you've been listening to the heated rhetoric on the right toward poor people, government, immigrants, and liberals, that may come as a surprise. But Mr. Brooks is being taken seriously by influential conservatives in government, business, and the media. In “Commentary” magazine he called on conservative leaders to articulate "a positive social-justice agenda." And just last week, in “The New York Times,” under the headline, “Love People, Not Pleasure,” Arthur Brooks wrote that while "money relieves suffering in cases of true material need [...] when money becomes an end in itself, it can bring misery, too." That message has some people scratching their heads, coming as it does from the president of the American Enterprise Institute, that venerable conservative Washington think tank funded by some 1200 donors, including the likes of Exxon Mobil, the American Petroleum Institute, the Walton Family Foundation – that’s Wal-Mart – the pharmaceutical industry, and the chairman of the Carlyle Group – that’s the global private equity firm with the touch of King Midas. It is not love that gives these powers their clout in Washington – it is money. So what's this former professor of the French horn (yes, the French horn) up to? And how did he reach the top of the conservative pecking order in Washington? For one thing, by teaching business, government, and economics for years at Syracuse University. For another, by writing ten books -- this is the most recent: “The Road to Freedom: How to Win the Fight for Free Enterprise.” And for yet another, by his own pilgrimage to understand how it is that human beings are more than the sum of their material appetites. Last year, he went to India to meet with one of the great spiritual shepherds of our time – prompting the very materialistic Vanity Fair magazine to ask: “Why Was the Dalai Lama Hanging Out with the Right-Wing American Enterprise Institute?” A good question, given that this year the Dalai Lama paid his own visit to Arthur Brooks at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington. Arthur Brooks, welcome. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Thank you, Bill. BILL MOYERS: Why the Dalai Lama? What were you seeking? ARTHUR C. BROOKS: The Dalai Lama is a representative of human consciousness. He's somebody who transcends a lot of the materialistic pressures. He's also the most respected religious figure today in the world. Whether anybody likes that or not, it's the truth. He's somebody who thinks about the truth, notwithstanding the political realities that are going on around the world. And we wanted to talk to him about many of the controversies that we're seeing today, about how consciousness, free enterprise politics, how it all interacts. BILL MOYERS: And he called you the spiritual leader of the capitalist people? ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Well, one of the guests, I guess, at one of our events said that. BILL MOYERS: How do you reconcile his socialism with your capitalism? ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Well, I asked the Dalai Lama that and-- when we were in Dharamsala. And it was a wonderful visit. I went to see him in his monastery where he's been living in exile since being expelled from Tibet by the Chinese communists in 1959. And I went and visited with him. I meditated with his monks for the morning and then in the afternoon we were talking. And he said basically, you love free enterprise. I said, that's right, Your Holiness. And he said, I am a Marxist. And I thought, uh-oh. But he continued. He said, but I do not believe in forced sharing by government. I believe in voluntary sharing as the basis of human morality. And there's nothing that describes my point of view about this world better than that. BILL MOYERS: But here's the enigmatic part of Arthur Brooks. You know, love does not make Washington go around. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Right. BILL MOYERS: It does not bring home the bacon. The tax subsidies. The loopholes. The special privileges. It doesn't grease the revolving door that is the source of so much of the wealth there. To get those things people have-- need money. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Yes. BILL MOYERS: And use money. So many of the people listening to us right now are going to be, as I said, scratching their heads and say, how can Arthur Brooks be comfortable in an environment where money is the prime, if not sole, instrument of consolidating the power of the rich and privileged, the corporations, in Washington today? Does that create any tension in him? ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Money always creates tension in me and it creates tension in our political system and it creates tension in all people of good will. The fact of the matter is it should create tension with-- we should have an uneasy relationship with material prosperity. An uneasy relationship with power. But we can also use it at the government level to alleviate poverty for our poorest citizens. This is one of the reasons that I recommend that conservatives declare peace on the safety net for the truly poor. But not for others. BILL MOYERS: What does that mean? ARTHUR C. BROOKS: That means basically we have a concept of the safety net that is either, in comic book form: we're against it because it creates dependency and it's always wrong, on one hand. Or it's a good thing and we should expand it to include everybody. Upper middle class people, crony corporations, people who haven't earned particular benefits or who actually aren't in need. Neither one of those extremes is something that we should embrace. BILL MOYERS: So help me understand this. Tax laws favor capital over labor, giving capital gains a lower rate than many people who earn ordinary income. Bankruptcy laws allow companies to reorganize but not college students burdened by huge debt. The minimum wage is losing ground, losing value, while CEO pay is, as you know, going through the roof again and again. Is this compassionate conservatism at work? ARTHUR C. BROOKS: There is a lot of lacking compassion in the American economy, and every institution, or, for that matter, in any economy around the world, but you have to take each one of these things-- these are not comparable situations. So I'll give you an example. Minimum wage. Now, the problem with the minimum wage is not that we're worried about the expenses it's going to create for businesses. The problem with the minimum wage is that it hurts the people it's supposed to help. It's a perfect way to give a raise to my teenage children. It's the worst way to try to wipe out the unemployment scourge that we have in this country. We don't have a low wage problem. We have an unemployment problem in the bottom 50 percent. America has left the bottom behind. And we have a conspiracy. We have a left wing politically that talks about solutions, but has no implementable answers that actually help poor people. And we have a right wing that technically-- that traditionally doesn't even talk about poverty. When you have that kind of a conspiracy it's the poor who lose out. And if the only thing that we can come up with is a command and control law that tells businesses they have to pay more, as opposed to all the great ideas - an expansion of the earned income tax credit, wage subsidies that make work pay that don't destroy jobs, then-- BILL MOYERS: I'm with-- BILL MOYERS: I'm with you on the earned income tax credit. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: For sure. BILL MOYERS: One of the best means of getting money to people who need it. But is there any better way of creating jobs than putting money into the hands of people who spend it immediately? Middle class, working poor, poor people? And so a raise in the minimum wage has been shown, in some studies, to actually make people better off and stimulate the economy-- ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Very little. Very little. The best way-- if you want to create jobs you need policies of economic growth. And furthermore, you know, economic growth that reaches all the way to the bottom of the income distribution. The crisis in the American economy today, Bill, is that we have economic growth that's concentrated in the top 10 percent. The stock market run up that's come about because of loose money that makes interest rates effectively zero, that blows up equity markets. The stock market has increased by 125 percent since Barack Obama took over as president. 81 percent of those gains has gone into the pocket of the top 10 percent of the income distribution. In the meantime, food stamp recipiency is up by 50 percent. From 32 million Americans to 48 million Americans. You remember John Edwards was-- I mean-- BILL MOYERS: I think I do remember John Edwards. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: I know. I know. We go back and-- BILL MOYERS: A meteor in the sky. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: He's usually kind of, you know, the punch line to a right wing joke. But John Edwards had one idea, which was that we were becoming two Americas. He was right. He was just early. He just didn't see the plutocratic tour de force. That's the crisis. BILL MOYERS: He was also late. Michael Harrington and many others-- ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Yeah, I know. BILL MOYERS: --had said, look what's happening. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: It's true. It's true. He’s-- now we see it. And now we see what we need to do. Economic growth that reaches all the way to the bottom. The minimum wage doesn't do it. Free money doesn't do it. Only the free enterprise system that has a bias for the poor is going to get that done. BILL MOYERS: But our economy is growing faster than Canada's and northern Europe's. And yet more-- less of that is going to everyday workers than it is in Canada and Europe. How do you explain that? ARTHUR C. BROOKS: The reason is because our economic growth is concentrated in the top fifth of the income distribution in this country. So what happens is you have effectively 5 or 6 percent economic growth for guys like you and me. It's party time. But the rest of the economy is somewhere 1 to 2 percent growth and the whole bottom half is zero. That's what's going on in America today. It's concentrated only on favoring those at the very top. And that's because of very bad public policy. BILL MOYERS: I would suggest that one of the problems is that it is that over 70 percent of the wealth in this country is owned by the top. And they are doing everything they can, both to preserve, perpetuate and increase that wealth without following Arthur Brooks's advice and sharing it downstream. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Man, I wish it were true that that were the real problem. I wish it were, because if it were, we could decide together that we could go to Washington and we could try to increase taxes and have more redistribution and solve the problem. But Bill, it's not. Look, tax revenues this year are the highest in inflation-adjusted terms in American history. But do you believe that we could do something big like the interstate highway system today in America? You know we couldn't. We couldn't do it. With any amount of time. We can't do it because we have this rabbit warren of expanding government that makes it impossible with any amount of money to actually help citizens. That's the problem. It's not that rich people are getting richer. It's that we can't do things with the money. BILL MOYERS: With due respect, many businesses today are thriving on desperate workers. It's not just that government is corrupted or is too big. For example, workers at Target, McDonald's, Wal-Mart, need food stamps to survive. Let's just take Wal-Mart. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Okay. BILL MOYERS: Made over $17 billion in profits last year, about $12,000 per employee. Yet Wal-Mart pays their employees so little that the average Wal-Mart worker depends on about $4,000 per year in taxpayer assistance. Food stamps, and other programs. You and I and every taxpayer in the country, including the Wal-Mart workers are subsidizing the company for paying its workers so little, to the tune of about $6.2 billion. That's not morally right, is it? And it's not government's fault. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: You know, the idea that these are dead-end jobs is not correct. The truth of the matter is that I started out in a dead-end job, I bet you started out in a dead-end job, and what we have an obligation to do as a society is to not to force an organization like Wal-Mart to change their wage structure, because you know what they'll do. I mean, in America today, we have a 36 percent African American teenage unemployment rate. We could make it 44 percent by forcing through these market signals. Or we could band together and say, what are we going to do? And that's why you and I agree on the earned income tax credit expansion and other wage subsidies to make work pay. BILL MOYERS: But I'm speaking here about issues of justice. The four Walton heirs together made nearly $30 billion from their personal investments last year. Not envious, that's just a fact. That doesn't strike me as compassionate conservatism. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Well, what-- wait, wait-- BILL MOYERS: And instead of providing-- ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Why conservatism? BILL MOYERS: Well, they're conservatives. But instead of providing a living wage for its workers, the company spent $7.6 billion on stock buyouts in order to further boost the value of the owner's stockholdings. I mean, Wal-Mart even profits from food stamps. They process them. They have 18 percent of the SNAP market, which means they're making money from the food stamps that their workers need and get from you and me in order to-- ARTHUR C. BROOKS: But no, we-- BILL MOYERS: --support them. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Well, we're glad they can take food stamps, aren't we? BILL MOYERS: What? ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Aren't we glad that people can cash their food stamps-- BILL MOYERS: Absolutely. But, I mean, Wal-Mart-- ARTHUR C. BROOKS: You're pointing out the irony, you're not protesting the policy, right-- BILL MOYERS: Yeah, right. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: No, I understand. Now I think we should agree not to be envious of the Waltons. I think Sam Walton did created a great company. BILL MOYERS: Absolutely. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: And I love it when people go, he came from nothing. He was the American success story. And I don't begrudge his right to actually pass on money to his heirs. BILL MOYERS: Nor do I. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: As a matter of fact, you know, you could look at the tremendous wealth of the whole 1 percent, and you distribute that among the population, it would be $7,000 per American. It-- BILL MOYERS: It just-- ARTHUR C. BROOKS: It wouldn't-- BILL MOYERS: Do it among your workers. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Yeah. BILL MOYERS: I mean, just distribute more of the profits among the workers who have to depend on you and me for the food stamps they get to survive while working at Wal-Mart. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Well, but do we know the philanthropy of the Walton family? I mean, do we-- BILL MOYERS: Well, there's-- ARTHUR C. BROOKS: I mean, that's a wonderful thing. And-- BILL MOYERS: As a-- ARTHUR C. BROOKS: That's what we're trying to do. BILL MOYERS: Are you suggesting, I don't think you're suggesting that we should admire their philanthropy when they're not paying their workers a living wage. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: No. I'm suggesting that the markets in the United States, given the fact that we have not prepared workers for the modern economy, that we have an insufficient education infrastructure that’s leaving the poor behind, at least there are jobs, and I want public policies that make those jobs pay more. The idea somehow that Wal-Mart can suddenly take the whole-- take the profit margin in a publicly traded corporation and spread the money around in this way, or even worse, if we decide to go to Washington and do it by fiat, can you imagine? Can you imagine the crony capitalists-- BILL MOYERS: Well, no, no, no, no. Just pay your workers. I mean, it would seem to me that compassionate conservatism would take some of those exorbitant profits that come in no small part because they're subsidized by you and me, the taxpayer, because the Waltons won't pay them sufficiently and spend that on paying their workers a better wage. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: So this is not a public policy argument-- BILL MOYERS: No, no, it's not. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: --at all. BILL MOYERS: It's capitalism. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: It-- BILL MOYERS: It's business. You represent a lot of business representatives in there. I mean, if you took the leadership on this, there's no telling what kind of revolution you could spark. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Well, we're talking about-- and not just paying people more, what we actually can do all together-- BILL MOYERS: I am. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: --to be fighting for-- BILL MOYERS: Let-- pay them and let them live as they want to live. Don't try to put-- ARTHUR C. BROOKS: So you're a big fan of Hobby Lobby, for example, because they pay-- the minimum that they pay per worker is $15 per hour-- BILL MOYERS: I admire their employment policies. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Right-- BILL MOYERS: I disagree with the fact that the owner's religious beliefs should trump the rights of women to what they need in contraception or want in contraception. But that's a different-- I'm talking about capitalism, Arthur. I'm not talking about government. And the fact of the matter is, capitalism has captured government so we can't do the things that you're talking about-- ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Well, capitalism is capital-- it's the antithesis of capitalism that's captured government. BILL MOYERS: How so? ARTHUR C. BROOKS: You see, this is the problem. When markets work, you actually don't have a free path for the well-connected to get their favors through the government. Government circumvents competition. Basically, you're one of two kinds of people. Either you believe in winning competition, or you believe in shutting it down. In Washington, in the confluence of corporate interests, and power in the state, we’ve become a country that's dedicated in the seat of power of shutting down competition. And that's the actual problem. So capitalism-- BILL MOYERS: But monopolies are a huge problem. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: I mean it’s-- bring in more capitalism. BILL MOYERS: Listen, Wal-Mart's not alone. There was a study last year. The National Employment Law Project and the University of California Berkeley reporting that fast food companies cost taxpayers another $7 billion a year in public assistance for underpaid workers with McDonald's accounting for $1.2 billion of that. And over 50 percent of fast food workers rely on one or more public programs. How about that? ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Well, the one thing that we could do to deal with that is increase the minimum wage, which would of course throw people out of work who are the most marginalized members of the workforce. And they would be entirely on the public dole at that point. That would be-- I guess you'd probably-- BILL MOYERS: Throw them out because the owners would not want to pay them the higher minimum wage. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Again, if we ask owners either through the government by fiat or through moral suasion to increase the amount that they're paying to workers, artificially, not according to market forces, artificially, what will happen? They will lower the size of their work forces as sure as we're sitting here. Again, the problem in America, I understand that some people don't make enough. I completely understand that. Which is why I want policies-- BILL MOYERS: A lot of people don't make it. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: That's why I want policies that make work pay. But the bigger problem is the employment crisis. We have an employment-- a workforce participation rate that's the same as it was in the bad old days of the Carter Administration. We've gone backwards, Bill. And that's completely concentrated among the poor. You have 17 percent of working-age men who are not institutionalized not working. Not studying. Totally idle. This is a crisis. It's the zero, one, working, not working part that's a problem. That's what we have to deal with first. And if you don't create more jobs with more economic growth, with less regulation, you're not going to solve that. You can basically put more people into government dependence and hurt them or you can find ways to actually use public policies to make work pay. BILL MOYERS: But name one public policy that you would think-- that you think would help make work profitable. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Make work profitable for-- make work pay? BILL MOYERS: Make work pay for the worker. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Okay, okay. Right-- BILL MOYERS: One idea. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Okay, one policy. Right now, we've talked about it tangentially a little bit which is the earned income tax credit. It's an expensive policy, it's hard to administer, it costs taxpayer money, it's a great policy. BILL MOYERS: It is, absolutely-- ARTHUR C. BROOKS: It's a great policy. Now, the problem is, it excludes single men. Especially those who have non-custodial parenting relationships with their children. It excludes them. These are the people who are most marginalized in the workforce today. These are the people who are most vulnerable. We need to expand it to include those people. We need to expand it such that people who are working, working honestly. As they say, as politicians like to say, they're working hard and playing by the rules, which they are, they actually can make a living. We can solve this problem, Bill. We don't have to have by fiat telling Wal-Mart to pay $3, and $4, and $5 an hour more. And throw more people into welfare, no, no, no, no. And more people into homelessness when they lose their jobs. We can solve this with the expansion of the EITC or any of the other wage subsidy ideas. BILL MOYERS: But don't you think the big capitalist, the big owners have a moral and an economic obligation to their workers to help them make a living that is sufficient for their families? ARTHUR C. BROOKS: I think that people should examine exactly what their motives are. And I will and personally I do and so do you, we talk to people in every sphere of life how they should treat their fellow men and women. Now, I also understand economics enough to understand that it either through law or moral suasion, when people start to pay more than the market dictates, the demand for labor will decrease and the people who will be hurt the worst, who are most likely to be thrown out of jobs are the people who are most marginalized to begin with. That's the reason we need other ways of doing this. BILL MOYERS: Would you concede, or would you agree that democracy in our system is meant to be a brake, B-R-A-K-E, on rampant greed and power? ARTHUR C. BROOKS: No. Our system morally is supposed to use capitalism in a way that's healthy, where people don't cheat each other, where people treat each other with principles of brotherhood. See, this is important for conservatives to remember as well as liberals. But especially conservatives, that the architect of our modern understanding of capitalism is Adam Smith. Adam Smith understood that it doesn't matter what your political system is. It doesn't matter what your economic system is if people cheat each other. If people are not honest, if people do not believe in global brotherhood, if there's not transparency, if you don't believe in these moral ideals, you could be a socialist, you could be a capitalist, you could live in a fiefdom of some kind, it doesn't matter. People who are impoverished and people who lack power are going to lose out. This is something that we need to remember. We need a moral reformation in this country. BILL MOYERS: That's one side of the equation. But people also need referees. They need government to prevent those who don't play by the moral-- ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Absolutely. BILL MOYERS: --rule-- ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Absolutely. You need-- BILL MOYERS: --to live up to their obligation. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: You know, somebody-- muggers are bad. And-- BILL MOYERS: Well, you-- ARTHUR C. BROOKS: --inside traders are bad. BILL MOYERS: And you need an SEC-- ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Exactly right. BILL MOYERS: --and an FTC. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Again, Adam Smith said that markets fail. Markets fail because of monopoly, because of externalities like pollution, they fail because of public goods like the need for an army and a police force. They also fail because of what economists call asymmetric information. Which is another one of-- way of saying that I know more than you do and I can exploit you. And I can exploit you because I coerce you with a tip of a gun or I exploit you because I use insider information and I use it to my own gain. Those are market failures. That's why we need the government as well as a well-functioning, reliable safety net for the poor. Absolutely. BILL MOYERS: But how do we get good public policy when Congress is under the thumb of the big donors who contribute to their election or their re-election? ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Well, for one thing, I don't want to make it so stark. It's not true that every member of Congress is under the thumb of businessmen or capitalists or public sector unions or good guys on the right or the left or any place in between. I know a lot of people in Congress who are very serious about their independence, number one. Number two, it's in the hands of citizens to demand a representative government. Look, we can get this. The problem that we have is that we have a little bit of a conspiracy between right and left now to have people who are really tending to be more part of the machine. What happens when citizens rebel and they say, we're only going to hire politicians who refuse to stay more than three terms in Congress, for example? What happens when we have people who truly are moral populists? That would be an interesting thing. Now that's the big opportunity for the Republican Party today. That's the big opportunity. Why? Because you had somebody who said he was going to fight for the people, and things didn't, in my estimation, work out so great over the past few years. Republicans could come screaming out of the gate going forward and say, we're the ones who will fight for the poor. We're the ones who will fight for workers. You might not agree with what we're going-- how we're going to do it, but let me tell you, you will not doubt what's on our hearts. That means we need a more-- a new kind of moral climate for the future leaders. BILL MOYERS: We'll continue this conversation online. Arthur Brooks, thank you very much for being with me. ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Thank you, Bill. It's been an honor. BILL MOYERS: At our website, BillMoyers.com, we want to hear your thoughts about my conversation with Arthur Brooks. So please share them with us. That’s at BillMoyers.com. I’ll see you there and I’ll see you here, next time.

- Hello, as you can probably tell by the title of this video, this is something a little bit different today. A couple of months ago, I went out to sunny, summery London to a park to find out what complete strangers knew about LGBT history. So this is how it worked. I showed them this timeline that was from 1960 to 2019. And then I gave them a series of events or laws passing, things of an importance to LGBT history, and got them to pin them on the timeline where they thought it happened. Once they pinned all the events on the timeline, I then revealed to them what years these things had actually happened. I've left a list in the description of all the different events we talk about. I thought it'd be kind of interesting, if you wanted to, to copy and paste it into the comments and guess before watching this video all the way through, what year each of those events were likely to have taken place. And then at the end of the video, see how close you were. Now for disclosure, this is not the kind of talking to people on the street video which is trying to humiliate people or make them look bad about not knowing about things that they should definitely know about. Although I wish that a lot more people knew about LGBT history, there are even some LGBT people in this video who didn't know a lot of these dates. These aren't things that we've been taught. But I'm gonna talk a little bit more about that at the end of the video. For now, let's see how much they knew. - I'd like to think I know some things, but this might be quite revealing. - I think I can do this. I think I can do this. - I've got a pride wrist strap and a Spice Girls tee shirt, so if I really mess this up-- - A hundred percent the title is going to be, idiots in park don't know anything. - When were the Stonewall riots? - Ah... - Okay, that's an easy one, because it was literally the 50th anniversary a few days ago, so that happened in 1969. - I'm gonna go here. - In 1980? - 1980. - Mm, 70s. - So it's 50 years this year, isn't it? So... (whispering) - 70? - 70s. - Um. - Here. Round there. - I cannot do maths. (laughs) - Is that a complete guess? - No, I reckon it's right on there. - So yeah. - Yeah. (laughter) - That's a guess! - I want to say this. - When was homosexuality decriminalised in the UK? (whistles) - The entire UK or just England and Wales? - I think that was probably... Quite recent, ah, I don't know, actually. - I'm gonna go 1990. - It was like there. - No, I'm gonna go, okay. I'm gonna go put this one 1970. - It was around 1980, 'cause I know it just happened before I was born. - Like, before. - That's 60. - 80s. - Oh, really? - No actually, I think it was closer to 1990. - Mm, 90s. - I have no idea. - 70s. (laughter) - I literally gave a lecture on gay history not that long ago at work and if I kind of forget some of this, it's kind of like, yeah. (laughter) - When did it become illegal to discriminate in the UK workplaces on the basis of sexuality? - Again, I think because of Northern Ireland, that was close I think to about the 2000 mark. - I think probably here. - I'm gonna say somewhere around here. - Right, thinking like here. Yeah. - Probably quite late. - Yeah, probably quite recently. - I'm gonna also say 1990, but now I've used that one, so I'm gonna have to say 2000, but-- - I think it's 2000. - When did it become illegal to discriminate in UK workplaces on the basis of being transgender? - (sucks in air) Oh, ah, oh actually, hmm. That's-- - That was not that long ago, I think. - Oh wait, I think that-- - Has this, maybe this might be later. - Should we move that one up, and then put trans closer to 2010? - Okay, I think this'll be more recent. - 2015 I think. It was very recent and shamefully so. - Hmm. This is new. - Ah, I'm gonna say 2010, but that doesn't feel right. - Oh, it might even be as recent as this. - Somewhere like here, possibly? This is all guesswork, by the way. - Oh, I dunno! Oh, I'm gonna go there. - Let's get out here. All right. - When was the age of consent equalised to 16 for all sexualities? - So you're implying that there was a time where it was different? - Oh, I'm gonna say 1960. - Again, thanks to Northern Ireland-- - It was somewhere, I think it might be in the late 90s? - Age of consent's gonna be between 1980 and 1990. - I think that's, I'm gonna put this 2000s. - Yeah, I was gonna say here. - When do we say it was legal? - 2002 rings a bell. 'Cause I was about the age of consent when it was changed. - When did equal marriage become legal in the UK? - That's 2010, right? - Possibly 2016? - No, it was, it was 2010! - Well, it hasn't happened yet, so. - That was kind of here. - Yeah, but we're talking about not civil partnership, we're talking about legal right. When it could, when you get married. No, they're different, they're different. - I thought 2010. - 2012, right? - Ooh, specific! - I know David Cameron did it. - I think it's around about here, mm. - I'm gonna put that there. I think that's 2016. - What year were gay and bisexual men freely allowed to donate blood? - Cool. - Oh. - You'd made that. - I wouldn't, I've never donated it. I tried it years and years and years ago. - Again, it's not. - I don't think that's legal yet. - Mm, that is a good question. - Is that a trick question? - Donate blood. - Or is it? - No, after that, I say. - It's really, really new. - I'd say you're-- - I would say around here. - I think that might be... - Somewhere like 1993, maybe? I don't know. - Kind of here. - I'm gonna say not yet. This is a trick question. - Do you want to do it now. - I'm sorry, sorry, that's your job. (laughter) - What year did the UK government lift the ban on lesbians and gay men serving in the armed forces? - It's gonna be between 2010-- - Shut up! - I'm really liking this teamwork. - I think that could be more like here. - What did you say, I have no idea about this. - I think that's, I think, yeah. I specifically think that's quite recent. - It was back in the 90s for sure. - '97 rings a bell for that. - Yeah, get that there. - It's early, but they haven't-- - I think it's around here. Yeah. Yeah, I do. - It was around the time of year, a lot of the stuff was happening I think under the Labour government. I'm gonna say about '98. - I'm gonna say maybe somewhere around here? Like, 2009, 2010? - Section 28 was part of the law put into place that prohibited the promotion of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship. Essentially preventing it from being discussed in UK schools. What year was Section 28 repealed? 1988 was when it came in. - Yeah, okay, So I'm gonna say two years later maybe? - Where do you think it got-- - So decriminalization's gotta be 90s then, surely. - I'll hold this for you. - So it got brought in under Thatcher. - Tony Blair. - Why do you know all of the prime ministers' names? - I'd say that's probably somewhere here. Just before 2000s. - So that's 2012, roughly around about there. - I think again it was around 2003, 2004? - Around here, early 90s? At least to mid, maybe? - What year did the World Health Organisation declassify being gay as a mental or behavioural illness? - Oh. - It was the World Health Organisation individually, yeah. I think it was about then. - Okay, we're gonna go a bit earlier with this one. I think we're gonna go for-- - Oh, this is a hard one. - Somewhere, somewhere in the 70s. - It's one of those things that I think should have happened ages ago, but might be more recent. - That must be like, it must be here, right? It must be in the 60s. Surely. Literally right at the beginning. - I'm gonna pop it there. And hope for the best. - The 80s. (laughs) - We've learned our lesson. - I'm gonna say in the late 80s. - I don't know. - You should go 2010. - No! It's obviously I think it's before then. - What year did the World Health Organisation declassify being transgender as a mental or behavioural illness? - I'd say shortly afterwards, maybe? - That's gonna be later. But I think probably not until-- - Oh yeah, it's no, definitely around-- - 90s, 2000s, maybe just here? - The 80s as well. - I think the 80s. I'm standing by that. - Maybe even here. - Yeah, I'd say beginning, yeah. - Yeah. - Go nearer 2019. - Do you think? - This year. Again, shamefully so. - I think, I mean, who knows? (laughs) - Let's just leave it. - So at this point we had gone through all of the events we wanted them to place on the timeline. And now it was time for the reveal. When were the Stonewall riots? The answer? 1969. The Stonewall riots, a key moment in queer history in the States and elsewhere in the world, happened 50 years ago this year. - Oh! Okay. Is that what, ah, okay, yeah. - When was homosexuality decriminalised in the UK? The answer? 1982. It was partially decriminalised in 1967, this was only in England and Wales. Before this, gay and bisexual men could be imprisoned, sentenced to hard labour, chemically castrated, and in the 1800s and before, sentenced to death. It was later decriminalised in Scotland in 1980, and finally in Northern Ireland in 1982. - Wow. - (sucks in breath) So I was a little bit off. A little bit off. - Blimey, oh my gosh. Oh my gosh, yes. It was only partial, so wow. - Oh, well off on that one. - You were doing well, and then you-- - And then we moved it. We panicked, we panicked-- - Why did we do that again? - I can't remember why, but yeah, it was you. Don't blame us, don't blame us! - It was you. - When did it become illegal to discriminate in UK workplaces on the basis of sexuality? The answer? 2003. Sexual orientation was covered in workplace discrimination legislation from the first of December, 2003. - Okay, yeah. I knew it was some point under that first sort of Labour government that it happened, so. - Blimey. I was well out. (laughs) - Really? Ooh. - 2003? In the UK? - When did it become illegal to discriminate in UK workplaces on the basis of being transgender? The answer? 2010. Gender reassignment status is covered in the Equality Act in 2010, when it became illegal to discriminate against trans people in the workplace. - Okay, yes, yes, yes. I remember that now, so a little bit off that one. - We got that one right. - Hmm, okay. - When was the age of consent equalised to 16 for all sexualities? The answer? 2008. It took until 2001 for the age of consent to be equalised to 16 for queer men in most of the UK. It was only lowered from 21 to 18 in 1994, it was lowered to 16 in Northern Ireland in 2008. - Wow, was it really that recent? Okay, I'm gonna say this on camera, I think I broke a few laws. (laughter) - Age of consent, so you put that-- - 1960. - This I think might be the most wrong of any answers you've given. (laughs) It actually wasn't equalised until 2001. - What? - Yeah. When did equal marriage become legal in the UK? The answer? It still isn't. In most of the UK, equal marriage passed in 2013. Before this, the only legal recognition of these couples was in 2004 when the Civil Partnerships Act was passed. However, equal marriage is still not legal within the whole of the UK, as it's still illegal in Northern Ireland. - I know for a fact there's going to be a lot of people that will get the gay marriage one wrong. So a lot of people here do forget it's still illegal in Northern Ireland. Shocking number of people, yeah. - What year were gay and bisexual men freely allowed to donate blood? The answer? This hasn't happened yet. Although there are no restrictions on straight people giving blood based on their sexual orientation, if you're a man who has sex with men, then you still can't donate if you've had sex within the last three months, essentially banning sexually active gay and bisexual men from donating blood at all. - Really? - Hmm. Not great. - It really doesn't benefit people that need the blood the most. - And if somebody's straight and can go have unprotected sex 17 times in one week and still donate blood as if it's nothing, if they can check for that and that's okay, then there is zero reason why gay blood can't be considered the same. Zero reason. - What year did the UK government lift the ban on lesbians and gay men serving in the armed forces? The answer? 2016. The Labour government stopped banning people from the armed forces after the European Court of Human Rights ruled it unlawful in 2000. However, it wasn't until the Armed Forces Act of 2016 that it finally repealed homosexual acts as a grounds of discharge from the armed forces. - Okay, that was something I did not know, actually, so. - What? - Yep. - Okay. Hmm. Interesting. - What year was Section 28 repealed? The answer? 2003. The clause came into law in 1988 and wasn't repealed until 15 years later. Although where I grew up, the county actually created their own version of Section 28 and kept it until 2010, the year I left school. - Oh my God. - Isn't that incompatible with the Equalities Act? - You would think so, wouldn't you? That came in in 2010, which is the reason why it had to come out. - Great, I'm sure that's led to many, many healthy LGBT children. Yeah. - What year did the World Health Organisation declassify being gay as a mental or behavioural illness? The answer? 1992. - Oh! The year of my birth? - You put that all the way up in the 60s. - Yes! - That is very much wrong. - Really? - Didn't happen until 1992. - Oh shut up. - What year did the World Health Organisation declassify being transgender as a mental or behavioural illness? The answer? 2019. Only a few months ago. - Two months? - In 2019. - Wow. - Two months ago? - Yep, earlier in 2019. - What the... That's crazy. - You did pretty well. - Yeah. - I'm actually, I am actually impressed with ourselves, 'cause I thought we'd know nothing. - Yeah, we didn't really, but we-- (laughter) - We're really gonna guess it. - I think we did pretty well, to be fair. - Was there anything that really surprised you? - This one. This one really. Massively early on, yeah. I think this is probably the one that gets me the most. - It was still-- - That it's still like, all the way down there when it should be, I thought it was then on. - I think that the length of time it took for the serving in the military to actually come into place coming in around 2000 mark, that kind of happens. But I thought we had done that long before Don't Ask Don't Tell was repealed in America. But the fact that it kind of took so long to become official is kind of scary, actually. - Well, I think generally everything as you run through that, there's advances there, I think it's, everything is more recent than I had in my mind, across the board. - Section 28, I mean, I can't believe why that even exists. I mean, what was the point? - The age of consent, I just kind of just assumed that, I mean, that it was always going to be 16 for everyone. No matter what your sexual preference was. - The three months to give blood is the biggest surprise. - Yeah, yeah, that. - There's quite a few here that in my optimism, I've sort of put a lot earlier and there's quite a lot of things that happened quite recently, which is sort of hard to believe in many ways, and I think as somebody who, you know, is a young member of the LGBT community, It is strange to think that not that long ago, people who were just slightly older than me were facing so much more stuff and so much, you know, so much more, just hardships and things, and yeah, I feel like I've learned a lot from you doing this, and I also feel like a really bad gay! - In fact, it didn't really exist, I'm from New Zealand, and it didn't really exist in conversation at all until I was, you know, I came out when I was 16. And I had to find out for myself, you know, Googling and-- - Is there something you think that should be taught in schools that-- - Yeah, absolutely. It's important awareness to know what's happened in the past for, you know, for gay people, but also just awareness of progression of, you know, societies as well. Yeah. - Listen, thank you so much. - Oh. - It was so great. - Thank you. - So this is the correct timeline. These are just a handful of important events in our history. But there are so many more events, stories, pioneers, who we don't really know about. These aren't things that we're taught in school. There's no LGBT museum for us to visit in London, and the lack of multi-generational spaces for queer people means this isn't something we can directly ask our elders about who were there when it was happening. I've talked about this in videos before, but what often happens is, queer people when they are coming into their own identity, will start to do their own research on this kind of stuff alone. And what they'll find is what a lot of people in these video found, that actually the gains that we've had towards equality are much more recent. When they're researching our history, what they're going to come across, it's a whole lot of tragedy. I think it's vitally important that this history is talked about in schools, in communal places, in spaces where people can get support if they need it. In the description, I'm going to leave a list of resources and groups that are helping to keep this history alive, and I highly recommend you check them out. If you'd like to help support me make videos, like this one then please consider becoming a patron on Patreon, I have a load of tiers and different perks that you can get across there, as always, I leave a link to my social media so you can find me all over the internet. And until I see you next time, bye.

Vietnamese: Anh ta sẽ không thể bằng tôi. Không thể yêu em như tôi Nghe này. Uhm Okay. Xin lỗi cô gái, tôi không muốn lãng phí thời gian của cô. Nhưng tôi thấy cô ở khu trường sở và nhìn cô tuyệt lắm Tôi nghe nói cô khá ngây ngô và rất thích cười. Có lẽ tôi sẽ có một cuộc hẹn nhỏ ngay bây giờ, ở caf Tôi không quan tâm đến thg nigga của cô. Hắn chỉ là thg trẻ trâu, gọi nó là cheddar đi. Hắn không khiến cô vui nhưng Leek Jack này có thể Tôi không muốn trở thành người bạn hay anh trai của cô đâu. Tôi muốn là người đàn ông của cô và khiến cô hạnh phúc Tôi có thể đưa cô đến ký túc xá của tôi nếu cô thực sự không bận việc gì. Và có thể ta sẽ cùng nằm và xem T.V Cưng à, nói lên cảm xúc của mình đi. Bước gần bên nhau và ta sẽ cùng tâm sự về ngày buồn của cô Tôi có thể thấy điều đó trong mắt cô, tôi biết cô cần ai đó để yêu. Ngoài kia lạnh quá phải không? Muốn một chiếc áo lông (Ôm) chứ Tôi chỉ thành thật thôi và tôi không có ve vãn cô đâu nha. Cô khiến tôi muốn trả toàn bộ số học phí của cô. Uh English: He ain't got it like me. He ain't got it like me. Hey listen. Uh. Okay, excuse me little mama I'm not tryna waste your time. But I saw your ass on campus and ooh you mighty fine. See I heard you kinda goofy and you like to laugh. Maybe we could have a little date right down at the caf. See I don't care about your nigga he's some cheese, call him cheddar. He ain't treat you right but Leek Jack will treat you better. I'm not tryna be your friend, I'm not trya be your buddy. I'm tryna be your man and together we can study. I can bring you to my dorm, if you not real busy. And maybe we can lay out while we watch a little T.V. Baby tell me how you feel, tell me what you gotta say. Let me rub up on them feet while you tell me bout your day. I can see it in your face, I know you want some love. It's getting cold outside, baby do you want some Uggs? I'm just being real and no I'm not trippin. You make me wanna pay all the rest of your tuition. Uh. Vietnamese: Cô bé à, đừng chơi đùa với tôi nữa. Tôi sẽ khiến cô trở thành nàng dâu của mẹ tôi English: Girl stop playin with me. Imma make you my wifey.

Ted Rappaport: Good morning everyone and thank you for coming to our landmark series: Circuits: Terahertz and Beyond. My name is Ted Rappaport, the director of NYU Wireless and on behalf of NYU Wireless and the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, it's a pleasure to welcome you here live and also out on the web. Thanks for joining. This seminar series, Circuits: Terahertz and Beyond is the brainchild of faculty and the NYU Wireless Center which is supported by a large industrial affiliate program looking at the future of wireless and where communications sensing and computing is going. We have eight remarkable speakers who are coming to campus here at NYU at the Tandon School of Engineering. During this fall semester, a lot of you are taking this for your courses and the range of speakers are just incredible. We're going to learn a tremendous amount and it's great to have these leaders as allies, partners, to help us as we hire faculty and build the resources to be a leading player in the future of terahertz. I'm delighted to introduce our first seminar series speaker Professor Aydin Babahani. I've known Aydin since his seminal PhD work where he was one of the first people in the world to build on ship antennas at millimeter wave before people realized millimeter wave was going to be a core part of the wireless industry. Aydin's an entrepreneur, he's a director of the Integrated Sensors Lab and he's got some great things to share with us about the future of terahertz. Please welcome Professor Aydin Babahani. Aydin Babahani: Thank you Ted. It's great to be here and thanks for the invitation. I have to say that I'm very impressed with all the facilities and all the interesting projects going on here; it was really remarkable and it's great to be here so what I'm going to do today, I'm going to discuss the research that I've been working on during the last 5-6 years mostly at Rice University and recently at UCLA. So this is all about really what we can do with with CMOS silicon technologies from terahertz pulse sources to miniaturize our spectrometers. So first I will discuss an important paradigm shift that I believe is happening in our field, in the field of like integrating complex systems in CMOS and then I will show you how we are changing the way we need to do the research to actually get the most out of the silicon technologies and that's how we were able to implement for the first time ever terahertz sources in a commercial standard silicon process so we are able to produce signals at 1.1 terahertz with 1 hertz, 2 hertz frequency line width without using any lasers; all electronically you have digital input, you have terahertz out and then I will explain ok now we have all these tiny chips around how can we use them for wireless synchronization. How we can synchronize a massive network with soft picosecond timing accuracy and how we use that for localization imaging and all that and then I will change a topic a little bit and discuss the first electron spin resonance, a spectrometer that we built that actually detects free radicals and unpaired electrons in various industry. So this is a technology that's commercialized, not actually being used to monitor the level of free radicals in industrial processes. I will show you some of the field experiments on that and then I will also discuss some other work in the last few years that we are focusing on wirelessly powering all these complex chips really removing any wires from the chip and then try to use medical implants to try to use basically put the chips and infrastructure in cements and everywhere. You're going to see some of the examples of that but let's see what's really happening in the field of silicon. I mean finally we are able to demonstrate terahertz radiation from a standard silicon but if you pause a second here and think about terahertz and the wavelength you see that the wavelength in the air is about half a wavelength is about 150 micrometer at at 1 terahertz and in silicon that's even smaller so that's your radiation component and you're all familiar with the Moore's law and integrating more and more complexity and on a single chip. So if you for example you look into a decent low-power processor, this is an arm m0 processor in 40 nanometer process that's only 85 micron by 85 micron. So if someone gives you a silicon area of 1 millimeter by 1 millimeter, what can you do there? You already put the antenna there there's a computational chip there that's your processor suddenly there's 1 millimeter by one millimeter seems a large area and so you can actually add more antennas, you can build phase rays, you can in some application you can add functionalization of surfaces, you can do sensing so this is just really the beginning of this field. You're cutting every wire from the chip, you're wirelessly powering these few sense chip and you're doing anything from wireless communication to sensing. So what are the key changes? Obviously that electromagnetic interface the chip becomes very important you can't afford to give design of the single circuit component or amplifier to a circuit design or ask an antenna person to design a 50 ohm antenna. Everything has to be done all together and as you're gonna see that we are intending to use no wires for clock you're gonna see some of the chips that we are building, that we are actually using wireless synchronization down to picosecond and then beyond that we are trying to eliminate any wires for providing DC power. So you're going to actually get harvest electromagnetic energy produce a stable DC power and use that for sensing applications. So when you do this you see that for the first time actually traditional design techniques are not necessarily optimum so and the reason we are gonna see one example is that the direct digital to impulse radiation for example is the best approach so far for producing these very broadband picosecond pulses. So when we are looking in there or working in this field there are two sets of applications that are enabled with this technology. The first set is just because you're putting the antennas on the chip you can move to really high frequencies so some of the applications are enabled by the fact that we can produce and radiate high frequency electromagnetic signals from silicon so that enables terahertz and terabit per second comlink. This is an example of a basically true time domain signal that they radiate from the silicon, you're gonna see a zoomed version of this. So it's about 1.9 pico second decent nice signal and then we use it in experiments to produce imaging where each pixel tells you what kind of material exists. So we're actually working on hyper spectral imaging system this is an example of image that we produce. We're working on 3D security imaging and also gaseous spectroscopy. Turns out that when you have this massive amount of spectrum you can do so many other things like even a single gas molecule vibrates with your EM radiation so you can use it to probe gas molecules and then obviously precision time frequency transfer, how to synchronize massive number of drones or nano satellites; this is all going to need high frequency and terahertz. Now you have that, the question is okay second set of applications are really enabled by the fact that we have these tiny chips that can be synchronized wirelessly so why not just throwing them around like dust particles and suddenly you have this massive phased ray system at terahertz that's not on the rigid platform. You can stick elements of each array to anywhere you want in the room or on the car and then suddenly you have a picosecond synchronization between elements so you can build a massive large arrays and now the second set of applications are enabled because we are putting everything on a single CMOS chip no wires are connected. What does that mean? That means we can send these chips to do sensing in places that were impossible to sense anything before. For example we are working on tracers for industrial monitoring you're literally sending these CMOS chips through pipelines in oil and gas industry to reservoirs to do mapping of temperature 10,000 feet underground, wirelessly powering them, put them in the cement to monitor for corrosion for basically gas leaks and everything. So I guess the vision is that CMOS is gonna be in every infrastructure, when you're building these complex systems where each one is few sense, you will use that. You will use that in a lot of places and other obviously a lot of applications are medical implants so they're allowing important applications where you cannot afford to send a large instrument inside the body so you have to shrink the size to very small dimension and that's where I'm gonna show you some of the results of our wireless pacemaker where we are intending to send these pacemakers that are so small through a vein in the leg to basically to multiple locations in the heart and wirelessly synchronize multiple pacing poising, do precision timing of their electrical pulses on the heart and we are showing the testing in large animals and how successful this one is and the last one is really literally terahertz powered smart dust sensors where it is going to be potentially if these chips flying around they are so light you can make them fly and then now you can synchronize them, you can do interesting things with that. So let's now go over some of the key examples of what we have demonstrated so far and that brings us to the first part of the discussion on picosecond digital to impulse radiators. So if you look into the terahertz spectrum, traditionally I mean terahertz is well defined in frequencies about 100 gigahertz and down about basically 10 terahertz so in frequencies lower than 100 gigahertz it's easy to generate signal with electrical methods and in high frequencies in optical range, energy of a single photon is large enough so you can build room-temperature lasers but when you come to produce any electromagnetic energy in terahertz these electrical systems are not very efficient and optical methods need to be cooled down, so optical lasers. So this is one of their challenging areas in our coming to you how to really produce any signal and do the measurements at terahertz frequencies but if you do that you can do a lot of interesting things you can for example look into this different white powder in an envelope it can be inside the envelope and you can differentiate if that's what kind of material that i,s is that an explosive, is that poisonous, is that not. You can detect a lot of explosives just due to the vibration of basically the rotation of the molecule and you can obviously build a higher speed data links you can use it for security imaging and all that. So now let's try to look and see well why terahertz is so powerful, why people haven't really used it that often, why it's not the mainstream technology and this is slide tries to explain that. So for the last 20-30 years the community that actually produced picosecond pulse and radiate that these are mostly optics community that use a femtosecond laser. This is a relatively expensive laser that produces about few hundred femtosecond pulses probably like 50 $100,000 big laser system and then you have to actually build a photo conductive antenna buy an antenna such that when there's no optical illumination there's no current but when you're 100 femtosecond optical beam arrives here you suddenly short the antenna and then you radiate a beam that's about 1 picosecond in duration so that's how community in the past produce these terahertz pulses. And then how they detect it? They actually use a sub sampling method so they delay the optical beam mechanically or sometimes electronically and then use a similar PCA to detect the system and obviously you see the problems there's a lot of alignment issues you need to use a lot of mirrors you cannot even a scale this to large arrays. So when we talk about this problem we said okay how can we solve this in silicon? Can we use similar methods to produce a picosecond pulse in silicon and back then probably the best state of the arts published work on silicon pulse was around 40-50 picosecond. This is where we demonstrated actually less than two picosecond so how we did that was we tried to be very inspired by this spark gap idea so you build a huge voltage and suddenly shorted and what happens and then there was a lot of modification over that so we ended up using a different idea that actually uses a slot bowtie antenna on the chip so this is the basically the orange color here so we are passing a DC current around this antenna so you can think of this as an inductor in DC or low frequencies. So when you pass this you're building up magnetic energy around it but now what happens if you have an inductor but you disconnect the current very fast inductor doesn't like that it's gonna generate LDIDT which is a large voltage but that's what we want we want to generate a large voltage very fast because at the same time this aperture that we have here is not only an inductor it's actually an antenna at high frequency so when you produce a large transient voltage it's going to radiate so what you're doing is that you're actually going to store magnetic energy there, you're going to disconnect it very fast and suddenly you have a picosecond pulse radiated from the chip. So this is a little bit more explanation on how we are doing this. So we have on the chip we are passing a DC current through a transmission line there's a lot of little techniques here, how to have a distributed array of capacitors to deliver charge very fast to the antenna on the timescale of picosecond and then pass it through the antenna and the only thing you need to operate this is a digital trigger so this is a standard 200 picosecond digital trigger you sharpen that down to 30 picosecond and further down to few picosecond you just disconnect it. With every rise time of a digital trigger you have a two picosecond pulse that's radiated and how good is the timing synchronization between your digital and terahertz that's on the order of 200 femtoseconds and I'm gonna share some of the results that we have. So as you see in CMOS they're all the practical issues you need to put wire bond, there's an inductor there basically that causes issues so you need to you need to make sure you have a stable chip supply voltage to deliver the charge and then what we did in the first version we use a cascode basically bipolar transistors in 130 nanometer C key and also another version and 90 nanometer C key and then the way it works is that you you send your digital input, you delay it as much as you want so you can delay the input digital trigger with resolution or literally 100 femtosecond with dynamic range of beyond 100 picosecond and by delaying that you're seeing that the pulse that's radiated is delayed exactly same amount and then what we do is that we sharpen this with digital buffers down to 30 picosecond and using an analog ,circuit it down to few picosecond and then we use that to turn on and turn off this fast sewage and and do the radiation. So because this is so simple to build you can easily scale this to an array. So we have an array of 2x4 picosecond radiators on a single chip where you have independent timing control on each radiator so you can control the timing of each radiator with about 200 femtosecond resolution and everything works really nice and radiates and I will show you a picture of this picosecond terahertz pulse radiator all on a single chip. This is basically 2x4 array it only needs DC bias here and digital input nothing high-frequency no laser is used so you need you now need to think okay when your antenna radiates how is going to radiate. The silicon substrate is usually has a high dielectric constant so that behaves like a low resistive or radiation it's gonna absorb all the energy. So in most cases we use a silicon lens to couple that energy to basically to air in some other cases we just don't use silicon lens we optimize the thickness of substrate and we radiate from top side. So one of the very first problem we had was okay we are producing these picosecond pulses but we go by the best oscilloscopes out there it can only measure eight picosecond pulse what would you do how do you characterize us and everything else including like VDI is down converters and all that they're all banded there's nothing out there that gives you a single chart like measurements of the entire spectrum, so we had to build that our self. So we ended up using for characterization purposes an asynchronous laser based system that actually we only use a detector part of the system this goes up to four terahertz and these are two laser pulses that are with they have a rep rate of 50 megahertz but they're one of the lasers shifted by a few hertz compared to other ones so what you do is that you actually detect the pulses at a slightly different shift at frequency than the transmitted so you can do some sampling and you can quickly capture the shape of defaults. So what we do is that we take the laser author of this we reduce signal conditioning converter 250 megahertz basically divide that down to 10 megahertz reference signal we clean that and now in the 10 megahertz reference you can lock any microwave source. So you can basically produce signals at few gigahertz rep rate that's locked your lasers and characterization system and then you can feed that to your silicon chip. So these are some of the measurements we got from this array chip. This is actually the real-time measurement measure time domain signal that so that the silicon chip radiates. So if you look into the zoomed version of that it's very clean signal, it's about five picosecond is this basically time duration here there's some ringing effect so it gets reflected from the lens and boundary but you see everything and then by playing with the bias amplitude of the basically bias of the transistor you can actually do simple amplitude modulation so this is how we can change the amplitude. We are now hoping to produce two three bits of amplitude modulation on each pulse and everything is for you because yes. So our peak radiated power is about tens of million what I'll show you the ERP measurement over over over over time yeah. It's actually better than the conventional the expensive laser based systems in terms of the average power because they are limited by the physics of their laser by the repetition rate so they can only put pulse with 100 Meg rep rate so that gives lowers their average bar. No no our peak progress but our rep rate duty cycle is like 10%, we can go to about beyond 5 gigahertz rep rate. So now by changing the digital trigger you can actually delay these pulses. I'm here focusing on the 0 0 crossing so that was a time domain measurement now we are trying to build communication systems where you have literally a terabit terahertz bandwidth but you also want to do beam-steering. So in those problems none of those conventional phase rays work if you use like a low phase shifting every frequency will be radiated one direction if you use like RF domain phase shifting you pass all that information to RF delay you have those nonlinear delay components that's gonna cause basically a.m. to p.m. problems conversion issues so we decided a completely separate our timing control from the information channel so we are sending always a trigger signal that doesn't change its shape based on the information you're putting in and that sets the time of radiation and everything else including information just comes on the altitudes of the signal so you can actually build a system that has a terahertz bandwidth and you can actually delay it with 100 femtosecond resolutions a true time delay method. So when we build a system we were also interested in characterizing it in frequency domain so if you think about a single pulse in frequency domain you have a broader spectrum but now you can program the repetition rate of this pulse so that means you can produce a pulse train so that means a frequency domain you have a frequency comb now the question is we're interested in characterizing this we want to know okay how how stable these tones are what can we do with that in in different experiments. So that's why we build up a characterization system up to 1.1 terahertz using a series of VDIs downconverter mixers with a keysight spectrum analyzer so you can now look into actually these pulses frequency come directly on the spectrum analyzer. Do these are some of the results we got. We were actually surprised but we're getting initially but at 750 gigahertz over like 20 centimeter distance this is the raw data includes all the last free free space free power loss loss of the mixer and everything. So we were getting roughly 30 DB SNR at 30 centimeter 750 Giga Hertz. When you go down to one we for the first time we show that beyond one terahertz we can actually demonstrate a tone using a silicon chip with basically for you DSLR and you're gonna see that we have another version that produces much higher SNR up to 1.1 terahertz. But one of the remarkable things here was that the line width so we were able to produce these tones with two Hertz frequency stability so these tones are actually very very very clean so you can produce anything you want from 20-30 gigahertz to 1.1 terahertz with two Hertz alignment. So these are the radiation pattern measurement and each plane a plane at different frequencies we characterize all that and then this is the micrograph of this array that's only like 1.4-5 millimeter by 1.6. If you zoom into the single element the majority of the area is really the antenna you don't have any amplifier you don't have anything else this is only a very fast reaching network that pushes the whole system into extreme non-linearity. So we had this one was done the array one what was done in 99 meters CT process. So let's see frozen little, maybe keyboard does oh yeah it's frozen. I guess I'll wait to see what happens. It was thinking, I think it was listening. There's some delay sorry just wait. Now I think we have to wait it has a little bit delay. So we are consuming 100 milliwatt DC power. That's a that's a peak power yeah with duty cycle of few percent. Alright, let's see. I'm gonna be very careful when I press. No okay okay so this is this is right slide now, you're lucky. So this is the basically it's another version of the single chip radiator so when you put in a single antenna on the chip everything is a small 550 micron by 8 15 micrometer but we can actually push the frequencies even further. If you look into some of the numbers here we were actually produced we can produce 1.9 picosecond pulse with this chip and if you look into the ERP spectrum we have everything from basically 30-40 gigahertz. The ERP is flat from 100 gigahertz 200 gigahertz and then it drops basically when you get to 1 terahertz that that's how it looks. For this chip now if you look into the spectrum look at the frequency here at one point one terahertz we are producing a decent SNR, roughly 20 DB with two hertz alignment and then when you go to lower frequency 600 gigahertz is now a low frequency for the system. So you have basically a 40 gigahertz SNR so it's plenty for doing a spectroscopy near field sensing and all that. So the goal is really ok how to and we have the receiver version of that I will also show you some of that so how to really convert a complex system that's $100,000 to something that potentially few dollars. It's bulky this is much smaller millimeter this is a slow has a rep rate of 100 megahertz we can go up to 10 gigahertz this is not a scalable you cannot build my mode or phased arrays you can easily do that and this one requires a laser but we don't need the laser. So now we have this source technology we are trying to see ok can we build a spectroscopy system so in one of the setups or the projects we had we basically the goal was to build a precision gaseous spectroscopy sensor so here's our gas cell we are radiating this frequency comb with see a silicon chip and we are detecting gears we're trying to see if we can actually probe the rotational spectrum of gas molecules and this was from two years ago our old gas cell now we have a better version of that but the whole concept worked we actually demonstrated that if you look into the theoretical results the energy tree has an absorption at 572 gigahertz. We clearly can detect that and it's actually interesting when you're putting more gas so these gas motors hit each other you're gonna expect pressure broadening that means the absorption curve spectrum gets broaden and we see that as well so we demonstrate that as well. H2O has another absorption it has an absorption of 753 gigahertz. We were able to demonstrate that and detect that. So now we are also using this system for hyperspectral imaging that's where we have basically a couple of mirrors and and the sample in the middle so this is an image at 330 gigahertz the students took from a piece of plastic and and metal. This is another image they take from a few basically capsules put the powder and use a previous name of the lab and this is the image one of my favorite ones is this. This is a piece of rock basically you don't see what is inside the rock is taken from 10,000 feet underground and companies are interested in see what what the hell's inside. Is that oil, is that chemical, is that basically water? Can be can we use different complex EER methods to push the oil and that's basically how this hyperspectral image show this is a transmission spectrum from 100 gigahertz to close to 1 terahertz and the yellow one shows basically less absorption blue one shows higher absorption so these blue patterns is probably we have more water content here the and the yellow one is more like oil and now we are building a set up where you can inject different chemicals and you see how how they move inside inside the rock. It's about five millimeter thick 25 minute dimension and the resolution of image is roughly 500 micron. Yes This particular one is yes we move the sample we focus to me and we move the sample to get these high-resolution. Yes, yes, yes, yes. Now we are trying to look into other interesting medical applications so people have published using this select era we use $100,000 system with the medical probe to really look into it to do dielectric imaging of a skin cancer it turns out that in melanoma there are some due to the change in the dielectric constant of the cancer people can probe basically a skin cancer we are working on these problems. A lot of people used it for basically for breast cancer when you remove the tumor the question is can you actually take in terahertz image to to make sure nothing is left or or to make sure you're not really removing too much so there's a lot of things that's that's terahertz signature some of that is primarily due to the water content but there's also other interesting complex dielectric constant that you can measure. So when you have the ability to measure dielectric constant from 50 mega Gggahertz to 1 terahertz things are also frequency dependent so you can classify different tissues you can actually do a lot of interesting things there. So one of the things we were interested in we were trying to say ok we have we show that we can actually radiate signal from a single chip what happens if we have two wide ear space radiators can we if we synchronize that with the low frequency digital trigger what happens to the shape of the signal that's being radiated? Can you combine the radiated time domain signals from two widely spaced radiators? So this measurement shows that so the top one shows basically a red one is a signal radiated from the top silicon chip about 110 millimeters away we have another one that radiates a blue one so if you do the measurements separately you get these two pulses if you add them in MATLAB you will get this black curve but if you concurrently radiate them you get the pink one so it means basically combining in air special combining is almost ideal but we want to quantify this we want to know okay what is the timing to drop the combined signal and that's this measurement that shows we measured about 270 femtosecond RMS jitter on on the combined signal. So so we had previous ones were all built in silicon germanium process we had another one is 65 nanometers CMOS this is a larger rate this is a 16 element array and it has all the digital components so it has basically Dax and shift register for controlling the delay and then terahertz radiator here. This the CMOS chip produces a little longer pulses about 14 picosecond pulses this is when 14 channels are on and then then four channels are on you see that amplitude basically drops so you can turn on turn off more channels to quickly do change the amplitude and basically this is just a measurement of the time delay so I have the picture of the CMOS chip about 2 2 millimeter by 3.3 millimeter in CMOS process we need to comply with a lot of top metal filling that's why you see these dots here but you have to verify make sure you don't have many of them around the sensitive part of the antenna where the electric field is a strong so there that's why you have this block fills that. So I will now that was mostly the source technology now we have that we wanted to use this in wirelessly synchronization of different chips and why we are motivated with that for four different reasons one is when you put a large array on the rigid platform you can really put it everywhere let's look at the corridor application the bumper is curvy you cannot put a very flat basically array there so ideally you want to put these tiny chips on the bumper everywhere you want and then use wireless synchronization and then beyond that you can also place these chips widely spaced so you can increase the angular resolution. So this is basically shows that the effective angular beam width of an array depends on the your effective element spacing so we looked into this problem from multiple basically view points. In the first chip we rebuild a continuous wave version of the this I would say is the sensor node. This is a node that receives a low power signal at a hundred gigahertz it has an on-chip patch antenna that actually captures that amplifies that and it locks this to an injection lock oscillator applies phase shift you need a phase shift for the array operation and then it radiates back from an on-chip dipole antenna so everything on this single chip you amplify and radiate back a signal at 50 gigahertz half of the harmonic so when you do this and you have roughly close to 80 to 100 DB gain every little coupling from your output to input will cause self-oscillation so if you have to deal with that so basically I will show you how we deal with that. Let's assume exact dimensions of the patch at 100 gigahertz capital to injection lock basically oscillator we have the phase shifter that covers 360 degrees and then the output differential transmitter that puts the power on a dipole antenna and radiates. So let's look into the coupling mechanism when you put everything on a single chip you amplify you radiate how do you resolve the self oscillation problem. One issue is that okay let's start with polarization orthogonality so the patch the way it's design is only sensitive to electric field horizontally here and the dipole radius electric field vertically so when they radiate then this is how you can actually improve their near feel isolation but that that's not enough so we use frequency separation obviously that's one is 50 gigahertz the other one is at 100 gigahertz again you have harmonics and their harmonics coupled to each other so how do you deal with the harmonics like at 200 key guards they will have harmonics. So to do that we used basically ground shield to the patch and optimize the patch so it's only efficient in terms of radiation efficiency in our and even harmonics of basically 50 years so that's 100 years 200 years and optimize the thickness of the substrate such that the dipole is only efficient in all harmonics of 50 grams so if you look into the radiation efficiency this is the blue one is the one with dipole and the green one is the one with patch so even the signal goes to the environment packaging come back it won't cause self-oscillation because your radiators are not simply efficient at those frequencies. So compared to two simple dipole we you can increase isolation by 60 DB on the same single chip so we build this we now trying to test it okay we use a a basically horn antenna try to lock this there's no wires connection for connected for signal for synchronization purposes so it gets the signal at 100 gigahertz and radiates locked signal at 50 gigahertz. Now when you use the freerunning on the oscillator you have this basically a noisy signal that you're radiating at 51 gigahertz when you turn on your transmit you lock it suddenly you look really sharp signals like laser looking like beam and then you can obviously tune the frequency and do all that. So we get about 400 Hertz line width at 51 gigahertz wireless locking no wires used and now if we measure the phase no resolve the freerunning system that's the blue one the phase noise of the locked one which is the red one and also the phase of the wired base system. So now we want to push this one for a further step we want to see okay what happens if you have multiple of this can you still lock them and beyond that can you play with these phases to combine them in air coherently and this is the demonstration of that is our two chips about 13 centimeter away. We lock them wirelessly, we adjust their phase shift to the power received at the horn antennas maximum. So this one was successful as well so we get about six kilohertz line width at 51 gigahertz. So I have the micrograph of this wirelessly synchronize chip it's about 1.5-1.7 millimeter by 3.8 the patch antenna is shown here on the left that received the signal all the receiver transmitter phase shifter and the on chip antenna on the right side. So that was the first chip, the second chip we tried see okay now we are producing these picosecond pulses can we build a receiver to actually measure the energy of the pulse and extract the repetition rate and that's gonna give you your clock so if you send these pulses with 10 gigahertz you suddenly have a wireless clock at the removed location with 10 gigahertz rep rate. So that's that was the idea here so we do energy detection the way it works is that basically we use a nonlinear block everything is on CMOS you amplify the signal and we get the energy of the pulse and we do basically filtering to just extract the clock and I'm going to skip some of the circuit details here these are all publish work so I'm going to show basically the results here the chip was only 1.4 millimeters by 1.35 millimeter this is the antenna and all the circuitry now let's look at the measurements. So here we use our own pulse radiator that generates these picosecond pulses and the receivership that detects these pulses the question is if you use a wired connection from your keysight signal source to your spectrum analyzer what does the effective phase know is how good your clock is and if you completely eliminate wire you do it wirelessly how good the signal is that was the ultimate goal of this test. So in terms of the frequency we demonstrated with wireless clock transfer we can get 30 Hertz line width at 3.1 gigahertz and if you look into the phase noise measurement result this is basically the wire complete. Wireless testing gives you as a phase noise that's almost very close to the your source with wired connection. So the blue one is the phase noise measurement when you completely remove the transmitter receiver just use a simple wire and the in the wireless test this is showing that bass demonstrate that true air you can get almost same level of accuracy and you're limited with now with the instrumentation basically sensitivity. Here is the unfiltered clock at the output you can easily filter the high-frequency signal and you basically shows that you can get decent priyad. This is your output clock. So that was the second method. We did try a few other methods, we also looked into the optical ways of passing this clock so in this experiment we use the VCESL modulated this at basically 1-2 gigahertz and use it for longer distance you want to probably use optical frequencies and then what we do is that we used optically modulated very form to lock an RF oscillator. So how do we do that is shown here. So here's a cross couple RF oscillator that operates at gigahertz. We use one of the diodes in the cross couple exposed to optical illumination so the optical illumination generates electron holes. The other diode is actually covered with metal. When you do that you're generating a current that's basically differential at the load of your oscillator and that frequency of that current is frequency of your optically modulated signal so that's how you can actually lock many RF oscillators that are widely spaced. So this was really a small chip our antenna was basically our diode which is really small this is photo diode for optimal illumination everything is really this is the optically locked VCO that's what we called it and now if you look into the measurement results the freerunning VCO puts out a spectrum like this. This is the red one the optically locked produces signal that's really nice and clean so this just demonstrate that we can actually use optical methods to do that so for variety of application depends on what your distance is you can actually you can switch the optical ways to to synchronize. So now what I'm gonna do I have roughly 10 15 minutes so what I'm going to do is I'm going to show some of the other sensor technologies that we have been building by all by the power of CMOS we are trying to miniaturize them and then try to actually use them in the field. So I'm going to completely change the topic to electron spin resonance and how it works and how we actually build a miniaturized version of that. So this is a very powerful spectroscopy method the concept is similar to NMR or MRI but the differences here you're probing spins of electrons and the nice thing is that electrons come in pair in most materials so they actually don't have any sr signal but well in some specific materials like free radicals they actually they have an unpaired electron so you can actually see unpaired electron and you're not gonna basically see the interference by the water molecules or other things in the environment. So what are the applications in physics? They actually use it for basically detect studying the defects or sample composition. In medical application they use it for cancer applications. We were when we did that we were in Houston with all the oil companies around us so we said okay what are the applications of this in oil and gas industry it turns out that there's this interesting large molecules in oil they're called asphaltenes and they have this stable unpaired electron that lasts for millions of this millions of years so this is mostly because of the organic content probably dinosaurs died many years ago and there there's some asphaltenes left there so I don't think we feel exactly know what the origin of that is but the issue is it's a huge problem because what happens is that then pressure temperature drops. It actually blocks the pipeline and intervention cost us half a million dollar for on short a few million dollars for offshore. So in medic, - yeah yeah yes well, I'll show you how it works. So you put the sample in the magnetic field we energize the unpaired electron you see if the magnetic field and you probe it with microwave so one thing I have to mention is that electron because it's much lighter than basically portal for the same magnetic field the resonance frequency is 600 times larger so you're actually dealing with microwaves which is type of the problem we are interested in. Yes so for a 5 gigahertz system that's 1500 grafts roughly so one Tesla gives you 30 gigahertz. So this is a direct method for probing partial pO2 in a cancerous tumor so cancerous tumor has a higher level of oxidant activity so you can actually use this to directly propio to and people have demonstrated that in basically mouse and clinical work and in pharmaceutical application and you can actually use this to look into quality of pills in engine oil when you use the oil it generates free radical so there are some applications there. So what are the challenges? The challenges very briefly like how the physics works so you put an unpaired electron in a magnetic field and it goes through energy splitting and then you can actually now probe that with the microwave so you put a sample in a magnetic field it goes through energy splitting you sweep the magnetic field you measure in a spectrum but because the signal is extremely weak that's not a now you cannot detect this way. So you have to modulate magnetic field at certain frequency let's say 100 kilohertz and then what happens is that the reflected signal that comes back is actually at a slightly shifted frequency so you were sending let's say something at five gigahertz and you're getting back a huge interference at five degrees but 100 kilohertz away from that you get you're actually signals from your electrons. So it's a huge self interference problem it's similar to the full duplex problem that people are interested in wireless comm communication so basically but the concept is similar you send a transmitter signal to the sample you get you have a circulator but you get your on the desired signal that's extremely weak but your direct coupling from transmitter to receive it completely blinds your receiver in conventional system you cannot use it you cannot detect it. So we build a chip to completely solve this full duplex issue so there's a basically transmitted that puts out the microwave signal at 5 gig everything goes to the sample comes back the desired signal is slightly shifted from your five kickers about a hundred kilos shifted so you cannot directly inject you're canceling signal at the beginning because you will completely degrade the noise figure of your receiver so you have to amplify it by a little bit 10 DB here and then add the phase and amplitude control to cancel the interference and then further amplify that so that was a complete chip for this ESR transceiver it has the active cancellation all again and this one is by CMOS process and here shows that we can get improve across all frequency range from 4 to 4.6 gigahertz and across all the phase numbers the isolation we are achieving is more than 10 DB and when you do that you actually your receiver conversion gain at a high level of self interference and signal can be still very high so your it's not gonna blind your receiver. So a very important plot is noise figure how much degradation you have on the noise figure. If we this is a black one as a noise figure of receiver and transmitter is completely off when you start the active cancellation you have a small degradation if you now turn on your transmitter on the same chip you're gonna huge interference you're gonna huge degradation noise figure and that's what's bad in full duplex systems. When you turn on your active cancellation you reduce that down to basically reasonable numbers but anyway the summary is that we build a system we miniaturize the magnet to something that looks good looks a small like this all the electronics are on a single chip and the whole system is commercialized actually being right now used invest Texas on oil fields so all whatever they produce we can go and see basically the level of asphalting that come to surface and a new cellphone basically and this system is can detect corrosion ions in the flow it can go to 5,000 PSI 175°C and all that so there. So now what I'm going to do is spend two three minutes and our medical implants and wirelessly power chips that we are using for wireless pacemakers and here a completely different topic like what are the problems of a pacemaker and why we are interested in this issue so if you look into the heart electrical system of the heart it's actually interesting nonlinear electrical system. So the way it works is that you have a central node it's called an SA node that first the heart electrical signal initiates from that and it's distributed through different part of the heart muscle in a healthy person everything works everything is nice but sometimes what happens that the delay of the signal that goes to different part of the heart is not same so different parts of the heart actually pulses a different time delay so you're pumping efficiency is not good enough. So companies like Medtronic use this lead based system this is a huge battery-powered a pacemaker with a huge wire that has to go through all this veins and blood go to inside the heart to just deliver a current to to synchronize a heart, so that has a lot of infection problems. They recently build a smaller one that actually doesn't have lead but it still has a battery if patch is depleted they have to go through another surgery and replace it. So what we were interested in is can we build a battery less lead less wirelessly powered microchips to get the power wirelessly but produce enough energy to actually control their the bit rate of the heart and this was our first pacemaker that was operating with an tube antenna at higher frequencies but what happens is that if you look into the natural sinus rhythm of the heart it's this one is I think in a pic at 102 beats per minute. If you pulse the signal at a frequency that is less than this heart doesn't respond but if you pulse the signal frequency higher than this you can actually lock the heart so you can control the period of the frequency of the heart. So this is a complete this one we increase the heart rate to exactly 120 beats per minute that was program and again to 172 bits per minute so this one was successful. The problem with the first chip was when you it evade operated that it harvests electromagnetic energy, puts it on a cap and release it when it gets to a certain level of energy to release it. So that's not good because if you bring your transmitters kind of put more pulses so we fix that in the future versions we demonstrated wireless pacing from two different sites but in the latest experiment we used actually six different tiny chips on the heart and demonstrated that we can synchronously do the wireless pacemaking and we even close the chest we demonstrated that yes electromagnetic energies at those frequency can penetrate through several inches of the tissue and you can still can build a wirelessly powered pacemaker. So the course circuitry is only 200 micron by one millimeter we used it for sciatic nerve stimulation to control the movement of the leg we put that in deep brain stimulation in in mice so this is a freely happy moving mice Mahseer there are two of them we use a single transmitter to control the electrical activities deep in the brain to look at their behavior, how they move, how fast they move, how we can control that and now we have a very low power their electrical recorder that only consumes like two nano watt per channel and we're trying to shrink it further to get to the cell size where that's where we are trying to use optical ways to basically provide energy to the chip using this surface grating apertures so the last slide really here is showing that okay what was the future what are the directions we are taking the way we are looking at yes this CMOS chip will be almost everywhere in the in the battlefield, in the environment you're gonna have they're so light you can make them basically with very little energy to fly so in the room you're gonna have tons of these CMOS chips. The question is how to use them to do synchronization, imaging, sensing and all and eventually how to couple that with self-assembly techniques to do precision biomolecule detection or DNA DNA detection so this is basically kind of the trend and I'm just a speaker here so the work was done by students and postdocs and I'm gonna skip the conclusions and hopefully I was convinced to show that yes the CMOS provides a really massive platform where you have to think differently how to use that to something beyond communication and how to do this basically interesting sensing and thank you very much for listening to talk yeah okay. Ted Rappaport: Professor Babahani, thank you for this truly remarkable lecture. Professor Babahani: Thank you. Ted Rappaport: What you've done in inventing the future of terahertz, creating measurement systems to see what we've never been able to see, to use wireless to synchronize to create resolutions we've never seen in the world. I'd say you're a true virtuoso of circuit design wouldn't you say it virtuoso making the future, let's give him a hand. Professor Babahani: Thank you. Ted Rappaport: So in conclusion with the first seminar, we'd like to present you with something. I'd like to ask Dr. Ivan Selesnick, the ECE department chair to give you a presentation. Professor Babahani: Oh thank you very much!

It's incredible seeing how everything kind of ties together in one region. I find it really striking to walk around a corner and come across an ancient Roman site, and then look to the left and see an old volcano. It's all here. We are in the town of Pozzuoli, which is located nearby the city of Naples. This is a volcanic province in southern Italy. It's a really cool place to study the interaction of geology, Roman archeology, and volcanology. The students are working in groups to choose a different site, be that an archaeological site or a volcano. We fly the drone over these sites, and it captures images at certain intervals along a kind of set flight path. And then we have this extremely impressive software. And with a bunch of photos the software identifies common points, but taken from different angles. And then stitching together all the photos, creates a photo-realistic three dimensional model. We can actually take accurate measurements of the areas. We have the area right in front of our eyes at that point. We can get much more of a precise sense of the size of the pillars in the marketplace, and Pozzuoli, or the width of the crater of Mount Vesuvius. You can zoom in and understand things that would be inaccessible to us at the site, and I think that's especially important because these sites are ancient and fragile and delicate. We get to preserve them in kind of a new way using that 3D mapping drone technology. There are people from all sorts of different backgrounds. There is, you know, multiple engineering students like myself. There's also students who study classics, and students to study chemistry, and students who study geology and geophysics. I think it's really, really powerful to be in an environment where you can combine your skills and your different perspectives, and then you get much more diverse and creative solutions. There is, in fact, large amounts of tectonic and volcanic activity in the area surrounding this town. It has all of these natural phenomenon going on under and around it, including Mount Vesuvius and the Caldeira, that spans this whole area. This has been one of the larger challenges for the people who are living in this area who have had to evacuate, or even in more ancient history when all of the people in towns like Herculaneum and Pompeii were then killed due to the eruption. I grew up here and I was a teenager when, in 1982, this town was evacuated for at least two years because the fear of an impending eruption. The volcanoes in this region, particularly, spew ash and this ash that they release is one of the big things that we're looking at because it was used in Roman concrete. When the Romans discovered that mixing the pozzolanic ash with water created very, very strong rock, they proceeded to export this ash across the region. It shows a huge intersection between volcanic activity and its impact on the history of this region. Today Roman concrete is still of great interest because, as we know, this concrete is very durable. So it's our interest to leverage knowledge between geophysics, archeology, and engineering to make new sustainable materials. For students, it's very important to be here because they can establish connections between what they study, and books, and journals, with the actual reality. The history seems so much more real when you're actually there, and inspires all sorts of intuitions and curiosity. The reason we're so fascinated with these amphitheaters and these marketplaces is because that human aspect, that's our history. Seeing those first hand is, I think, the only way to really understand. For more, please visit us at Stanford.edu.

- [Interviewer] Carl. - Yes, sir. - [Interviewer] We're here in London. - Yeah, I know. - [Interviewer] And immediately when I said hello to you and asked you if wanted hand warmers, I noticed you're from America. - Yeah. - So you're sleeping rough out here. - Yes, I am for about another week or so. - [Interviewer] Yeah, but how long you been out? - Ah, about a week now. - [Interviewer] A week homeless. - Yep. - [Interviewer] It's freezing. - Yeah. Thank God I come from up north where I'm semi used to it. - [Interviewer] You're from Iowa, right? - Yep, I lived there for approximately four years. Before that I've lived all over the U.S., actually. - [Interviewer] So, how does an American end up homeless in London? (chuckles) - Relying on somebody else to give you support when things don't work out. The U.S. Embassy told me after my money ran out there was nothing they could do to me 'cause I did not fit their criteria because I had spent all of my own money and it was not lost or stolen. And I still had my passport so they couldn't get me help getting a new passport 'cause I didn't need it. And then finally I did find an organization here in London that was not connected to any of the governments that through applying through an application I am voluntarily being deported. Yeah, isn't that lovely? - [Interviewer] Oh, you're a refugee here? - Basically, yeah. - [Interviewer] I mean that's crazy. And, now last night you slept where? - Right up there by the McDonald's outside. - [Interviewer] Oh my gosh. And tonight you're sleeping where? - Probably the same exact spot. - [Interviewer] I mean my, I mean you're bundled up good. My hands, I'm freaking out 'cause I don't have gloves and it's like. It literally is freezing or below. - Years of experience of being out camping and stuff you learn to layer. I've got on two sweatshirts, a long sleeve tee shirt, a tee shirt, and a sleeveless tee shirt. I've got on a pair of jeans, two pairs of socks, and a pair of flannel sleep pants just so I stay warm, - [Interviewer] And now you got hand warmers. - And now I got hand warmers. Thanks a lot. It's been years since I've seen them. - [Interviewer] So, yeah, I mean the rough sleepers here don't know of them. So, your future's gonna pick up because you're going back home. - Yeah, I'm going back to a friend of mine in Texas and from there I'm gonna get back on my feet and get back to work. I don't care what kind of job it is. The part that makes the situation so much worse is legally I can't get a job over here so I can make no income while I'm here to help myself out. - [Interviewer] Right. No, I mean it's, we've been doing the you know, I've been traveling homeless services and you know the story about immigrants here and they all brought up there's quite a few Americans. So, here I am talking to one. Wow. I was in shock when you, oh my gosh. - Yeah. - [Interviewer] Still in shock. So, but it's an honor to meet you. And I'm glad you're getting you're- - Ah, it's nice to meet you, too. At least you found somebody that the American side of the people will actually 100% understand. So, definitely make sure if you do travel abroad, make sure you have a backup plan. And a backup plan for your backup plan. (laughing) 'Case you never know what will come up. - [Interviewer] Right. If you had three wishes what would they be? - To be home or at least have somewhere warm to sleep, and something to have dinner. - [Interviewer] Well, thank you very much for talking to me. - And thank you for interviewing me.

Portuguese: MAÇÃ PALITOS MASSA DE FRITURA ÓLEO VEGETAL CHOCOLATE BOLINHAS DE AÇÚCAR MAÇÃS CHOCOLATE LINDT Italian: MELA SPIEDINI IMPASTO BOMBOLONI OLIO VEGETALE CIOCCOLATO FONDENTE PALLINE DI ZUCCHERO MELE CIOCCOLATO LINDT French: POMME PIQUES À BROCHETTES PÂTE À BEIGNET HUILE VÉGÉTALE CHOCOLAT NOIR BILLES EN SUCRE POMMES CHOCOLAT LINDT German: APFEL SPIESSE KRAPFENTEIG PFLANZENÖL ZARTBITTERSCHOKOLADE ZUCKERPERLEN ÄPFEL LINDT SCHOKOLADE Spanish: MANZANA PINCHOS PARA BROCHETA MASA DE BUÑUELOS ACEITE DE GIRASOL CHOCOLATE NEGRO BOLITAS DE AZUCAR MANZANAS CHOCOLATE LINDT Chinese: 苹果 烧烤签 面糊 植物油 黑巧克力 糖珠 苹果 巧克力 Korean: 사과 나무 꽂이 도너츠 반죽 식용유 다크 초콜릿 설탕구슬 사과 린트 초콜릿 Korean: 레몬 타르트 반죽 오븐 180°C, 45분 사과 버터 흑설탕 피자도우 생지 크럼블 반죽 오븐 180°C, 10분 카라멜 사과 Spanish: PASTEL DE LIMON AL HORNO A 180°C 45 MIN MANZANAS MANTEQUILLA AZUCAR MORENO MASA DE PIZZA CRUMBLE AL HORNO A 180°C 10 MIN SIROPE DE CARAMELO MANZANAS Portuguese: MASSA DE BOLO DE LIMÃO AO FORNO A 180°C 45 MIN MAÇÃS MANTEIGA AÇÚCAR MASCAVO MASSA DE PIZZA MASSA DE CRUMBLE AO FORNO A 180°C 10 MIN CARAMELO MAÇÃS Italian: IMPASTO PER TORTA AL LIMONE IN FORNO A 180°C 45 MIN MELE BURRO ZUCCHERO DI CANNA PASTA PER PIZZA IMPASTO PER CRUMBLE IN FORNO 10 MIN 180°C SALSA AL CARAMELLO MELE Chinese: 蛋糕糊 烤箱180度烤45分钟 苹果 黄油 红糖 披萨饼皮 面碎 烤箱180度烤10分钟 焦糖 苹果 German: ZITRONENKUCHENTEIG IM OFEN 45 MIN BEI 180°C ÄPFEL BUTTER ROHRZUCKER PIZZATEIG CRUMBLETEIG IM OFEN 10 MIN BEI 180°C KARAMELL ÄPFEL French: PÂTE À GÂTEAU AU CITRON AU FOUR 45 MIN 180 °C POMMES BEURRE SUCRE ROUX PÂTE À PIZZA PÂTE À CRUMBLE AU FOUR 10 MIN 180 °C CARAMEL POMMES Portuguese: ÓLEO QUENTE AÇÚCAR MASCAVO CHOCOLATE AO LEITE NO FREEZER 30 MIN MAÇÃ MANTEIGA AÇÚCAR NO FREEZER 1 H Italian: OLIO CALDO ZUCCHERO DI CANNA CIOCCOLATO AL LATTE IN CONGELATORE 30 MIN MELA BURRO ZUCCHERO IN CONGELATORE 1 H Korean: 뜨거운 식용유 흑설탕 밀크초콜릿 30분 냉동 사과 버터 설탕 1시간 냉동 French: HUILE CHAUDE SUCRE ROUX CHOCOLAT AU LAIT AU CONGÉLATEUR 30 MIN POMME BEURRE SUCRE AU CONGÉLATEUR 1 H Spanish: ACEITE CALIENTE AZUCAR MORENO CHOCOLATE CON LECHE AL CONGELADOR 30 MIN MANZANA MANTEQUILLA AZUCAR AL CONGELADOR 1 H Chinese: 热油 红糖 牛奶巧克力 冷冻30分钟 苹果 黄油 糖 冷冻1小时 German: HEISSES ÖL ROHRZUCKER MILCHSCHOKOLADE INS GEFRIERFACH 30 MIN APFEL BUTTER ZUCKER INS GEFRIERFACH 1 H Chinese: 米饼 焦糖 苹果 巧克力雪糕 糖珠 白巧克力 冷冻1小时 蛋糕 草莓酱 草莓 Portuguese: BISCOITOS DE ARROZ CARAMELO VERMELHO MAÇÃ SORVETE DE CHOCOLATE BOLINHAS DE AÇÚCAR CHOCOLATE BRANCO NO FREEZER 1 H BOLO GELÉIA DE MORANGO MORANGOS Italian: GALLETTE DI RISO CARAMELLO ROSSO MELA GELATO AL CIOCCOLATO PALLINE DI ZUCCHERO CIOCCOLATO BIANCO IN CONGELATORE 1 H PAN DI SPAGNA COULIS DI FRAGOLE FRAGOLE German: REISWAFFELN ROTES KARAMELL APFEL SCHOKOLADENEIS ZUCKERPERLEN WEISSE SCHOKOLADE INS GEFRIERFACH 1 H BISKUITBODEN ERDBEER COULIS ERDBEEREN Spanish: TORTITAS DE ARROZ CARAMELO ROJO MANZANA HELADO DE CHOCOLATE BOLITAS DE AZUCAR CHOCOLATE BLANCO AL CONGELADOR 1 H BIZCOCHO COMPRADO COULIS DE FRESA FRESAS Korean: 쌀 과자 레드 카라멜 사과 초콜릿 아이스크림 설탕구슬 화이트 초콜릿 1시간 냉동 스펀지 케이크 딸기 시럽 딸기 French: GALETTES DE RIZ CARAMEL ROUGE POMME GLACE AU CHOCOLAT BILLES EN SUCRE CHOCOLAT BLANC AU CONGÉLATEUR 1 H GÉNOISE COULIS DE FRAISES FRAISES Portuguese: LATA DE PRINGLES SACA-ROLHA MASCARPONE AÇÚCAR DE CONFEITEIRO PUDIM DE BAUNILHA EM PÓ CREME DE LEITE GELÉIA DE MORANGO MORANGOS PRATO QUENTE German: PRINGLES DOSE KORKENZIEHER MASCARPONE PUDERZUCKER VANILLEPUDDINGPULVER SAHNE ERDBEER COULIS ERDBEEREN WARMER TELLER Spanish: LATA DE PRINGLES SACACORCHOS MASCARPONE AZUCAR GLAS POLVO PARA FLAN NATA FRESCA COULIS DE FRESA FRESAS PLATO CALIENTE Italian: TUBO DI PRINGLES CAVATAPPI MASCARPONE ZUCCHERO A VELO PREPARATO PER BUDINO ALLA VANIGLIA PANNA DA CUCINA COULIS DI FRAGOLE FRAGOLE PIATTO CALDO Korean: 프링글스 통 와인 오프너 마스카포네 슈가파우더 바닐라 푸딩 믹스 생크림 딸기 시럽 딸기 뜨거운 접시 French: BOÎTE DE PRINGLES TIRE-BOUCHON MASCARPONE SUCRE GLACE FLAN VANILLE EN POUDRE CRÈME FRAÎCHE COULIS DE FRAISES FRAISES ASSIETTE CHAUDE Chinese: 薯片盒 酒刀 马斯卡彭奶酪 糖粉 香草布丁粉 酸奶油 草莓酱 草莓 热盘子 Chinese: 西瓜 哈密瓜 哈密瓜 猕猴桃 French: PASTÈQUE MELON MELON KIWI Spanish: SANDIA MELON MELON KIWI Korean: 수박 메론 메론 키위 Portuguese: MELANCIA MELÃO MELÃO KIWI Italian: ANGURIA MELONE MELONE KIWI German: WASSERMELONE MELONE MELONE KIWI Spanish: NATA ESPESA FRAMBUESA ARANDANOS FRESA ALMENDRAS EN LAMINAS German: SAHNE HIMBEERE HEIDELBEERE ERDBEERE MANDELBLÄTTCHEN Chinese: 奶油 覆盆子 蓝莓 草莓 杏仁碎 Italian: PANNA LAMPONE MIRTILLI FRAGOLA MANDORLE A SCAGLIE French: CRÈME LIQUIDE FRAMBOISE MYRTILLE FRAISE AMANDES EFFILÉES Korean: 생크림 산딸기 블루베리 딸기 슬라이스 아몬드 Portuguese: CREME DE LEITE FRAMBOESA MIRTILOS MORANGO AMÊNDOAS QUEBRADAS German: SHOTGLÄSER ZUCKER MANDARINE BUTTER ZUCKER SALZ MANDARINENSCHALE MEHL TROCKENHEFE EIER IM OFEN 1 H BEI 180°C SHOTGLAS WASSER INS GEFRIERFACH 1 H GESCHMOLZENE WEISSE SCHOKOLADE Korean: 샷잔 설탕 귤 버터 설탕 소금 귤 제스트 밀가루 베이킹 파우더 계란 오븐 180°C, 1시간 샷 잔 물과 꿀 1시간 냉동 녹인 화이트 초콜릿 Italian: BICCHIERINI DA CICCHETTO ZUCCHERO MANDARINO BURRO ZUCCHERO SALE SCORZA DI MANDARINO FARINA LIEVITO IN POLVERE UOVA IN FORNO A 180°C 1 H BICCHIERINO ACQUA E MIELE IN CONGELATORE 1 H CIOCCOLATO BIANCO FUSO Chinese: 小酒杯 糖 橘子 黄油 糖 盐 橘子屑 面粉 泡打粉 鸡蛋 180度烤1小時 小酒杯 水喝蜂蜜 冷冻1小时 已融白巧克力 French: VERRES À SHOT SUCRE MANDARINE BEURRE SUCRE SEL ZESTES DE CLÉMENTINE FARINE LEVURE ŒUFS AU FOUR 1 H 180 °C VERRE À SHOT EAU ET MIEL AU CONGÉLATEUR 1 H CHOCOLAT BLANC FONDU Portuguese: COPO DE SHOT AÇÚCAR TANGERINA MANTEIGA AÇÚCAR SAL RASPAS DE TANGERINA FARINHA FERMENTO EM PÓ OVOS AO FORNO 1 H 180°C COPO DE SHOT ÁGUA E MEL NO FREEZER 1 H CHOCOLATE BRANCO DERRETIDO Spanish: VASOS DE SHOT AZUCAR MANDARINE MANTEQUILLA AZUCAR SAL RALLADURA DE MANDARINA HARINA LEVADURA EN POLVO HUEVOS AL HORNO A 180°C 1 H CHUPITO AGUA Y MIEL AL CONGELADOR 1 H CHOCOLATE BLANCO FUNDIDO Portuguese: AÇÚCAR DE CONFEITEIRO LIMONCELLO MASSA FOLHADA AO FORNO A 180°C 20 MIN GEMAS DE OVOS FARINHA AÇÚCAR LEITE FAVA DE BAUNILHA German: PUDERZUCKER LIMONCELLO MÜRBETEIG IM OFEN 20 MIN BEI 180°C EIGELB MEHL ZUCKER MILCH VANILLESCHOTE Chinese: 糖粉 柠檬酒 油酥塔皮 烤箱180度烤20分钟 蛋黄 面粉 糖 牛奶 香草荚 French: SUCRE GLACE LIMONCELLO PÂTE SABLÉE AU FOUR 20 MIN 180 °C JAUNES D'ŒUFS FARINE SUCRE LAIT GOUSSE DE VANILLE Korean: 슈가파우더 리몬첼로 리큐어 타르트지 오븐 180°C, 20분 계란 노른자 밀가루 설탕 우유 바닐라 빈 Italian: ZUCCHERO A VELO LIMONCELLO PASTA FROLLA IN FORNO A 180°C 20 MIN TUORLI FARINA ZUCCHERO LATTE BACCELLO DI VANIGLIA Spanish: AZUCAR GLAS LIMONCELLO MASA BRISA AL HORNO A 180°C 20 MIN YEMAS DE HUEVO HARINA AZUCAR LECHE VAINA DE VAINILLA Spanish: FRESAS DRAGIBUS HELADO DE FRESA HELADO DE VAINILLA HELADO DE CHOCOLATE Portuguese: MORANGOS BALAS SORVETE DE MORANGO SORVETE DE BAUNILHA SORVETE DE CHOCOLATE French: FRAISES DRAGIBUS GLACE À LA FRAISE GLACE À LA VANILLE GLACE AU CHOCOLAT Italian: FRAGOLE CARAMELLE GELATO ALLA FRAGOLA GELATO ALLA VANIGLIA GELATO AL CIOCCOLATO German: ERDBEEREN BONBON ERDBEEREIS VANILLEEIS SCHOKOLADENEIS Chinese: 草莓 软糖 草莓冰淇淋 香草冰淇淋 巧克力冰淇淋 Korean: 딸기 동그란 하리보 젤리 딸기 아이스크림 바닐라 아이스크림 초콜릿 아이스크림 German: INS GEFRIERFACH 10 MIN ERDBEEREN MASCARPONE SAHNE PUDERZUCKER Spanish: AL CONGELADOR 10 MIN FRESAS MASCARPONE NATA ESPESA AZUCAR GLAS Chinese: 冷冻10分钟 草莓 马斯卡彭奶酪 奶油 糖粉 Portuguese: NO FREEZER 10 MIN MORANGOS MASCARPONE CREME DE LEITE AÇÚCAR DE CONFEITEIRO Italian: IN CONGELATORE 10 MIN FRAGOLE MASCARPONE PANNA ZUCCHERO A VELO Korean: 10분 냉동 딸기 마스카포네 생크림 슈가파우더 French: AU CONGÉLATEUR 10 MIN FRAISES MASCARPONE CRÈME LIQUIDE SUCRE GLACE Korean: 스페큘러스 과자 4시간 냉동 Spanish: GALLETAS SPECULOOS AL CONGELADOR 4 H German: SPEKULATIUS INS GEFRIERFACH 4 H Chinese: 焦糖饼干 冷冻4小时 French: SPÉCULOS AU CONGÉLATEUR 4 H Italian: BISCOTTI SPEZIATI IN CONGELATORE 4 H Portuguese: BISCOITO NO FREEZER 4 H

Hello everyone, I hope you're doing well. Welcome to the Geology part of your Virtual Open Day here at the University of Derby. Now I guess you're here because you're considering studying Geology with us. My name is Dr Katy Chamberlain, I'm a volcanologist here in the department and I need to give you just a taste of what you will study with us if you choose to come here. So in this short talk I'll cover our courses that we offer, what you'll study as part of those courses, our Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, the facilities and fieldwork that we have within the department, and where you might go following the conclusion of your study with us. I should add all of this information is correct at the time of delivery in April 2020 and is of course subject to change but if you need any more information or up-to-date information please do visit our website or get in touch. So the courses that we offer as part of the Geology degree and you can do a pure BSc (Hons) in Geology, you can do a Geology and Environmental Hazards degree or you could decide to mix Geology with another Joint Honours subject. For more information on how to choose your Joint Honours subject and how you might decide whether you want to do Geology as a minor, a joint or a major subject please do visit their Joint Honours area of our University of Derby website. Now I'm not going to touch on this anymore and there's lots more information available online about our postgraduate courses but directly feeding on from Geology there's an opportunity to do three different MSc, which might lead you to a more specialised employment and those are Intelligence, Security and Disaster Management, Environmental Assessment and Control and also an MSc in GeoEnergy. So as part of these courses we'll cover the fundamentals of geology, whether you choose Geology as a joint honours subject, pure Geology or Geology and Environmental Hazards, we will be giving you a grounding in what it means to study the Earth and how the Earth looks in its present day. So we will cover the very basics of how we can understand different processes by looking at rocks and the minerals that make those rocks up and some of those minerals might be fossils and so we can look at fossils and work out what environment these organisms lived in and what that meant for the Earth tens to hundreds of millions of years ago. We will give you skills and a grounding in geophysics and tectonics to think well how do we actually study our Earth and study below the surface of the Earth, things that we can't physically touch and you can also be very applied in your study. You can choose to take modules in Engineering Geology, which leads to employment for a lot of our students or you could look at Site Investigation and Geotechnics. We will take the very fundamentals of geology and give you the opportunity to apply them into more applied areas that lead more directly into employment following your studies. One thing we are very proud of is our professional accreditation. So the degree programmes are accredited by the Geological Society of London and that's really important for two main reasons. The first that you know we've been assessed by an external body and they've decided that the material that we cover is up to standard and it gives you all of the background that you would need to become a professional geologist once you leave us. Secondly it means that you have a fast-track into accreditation individually so chartership, by coming from a degree programme that has already been accredited it will be easier for you to apply for chartership individually following your graduation from the University of Derby. Another thing that I should point out is that I actually sit on the regional group, the East Midlands regional group of the Geological Society of London, who hosts lecture events and other events within our region, sometimes those are at Derby, sometimes those are at the British Geological Survey in Keyworth. So there's always an opportunity for you to be involved even as a student, you don't have to wait until after you've graduated. So what will you study with us? I'm going to go through the Geology programme in more detail and then I'll talk about the differences with the Geology and Environmental Hazards and the Joint Honours option as we get there. Now I hope you all achieve the grades that you're looking for in your A levels, but if that's not the case there's always the option to come and do a foundation year, which will build up those skills that we feel you need to be able to succeed in geology with us. This includes things like physics and chemistry. We need to know the principles of these kind of pure sciences to be able to apply them to our Earth's system. I am in fact a Geochemist, I use the chemical compositions of different minerals within volcanic rocks to tell me what happened deep within the magma chamber before an eruption. So I do need to have an understanding of these principles of chemistry to be able to interpret my data. Now once you've completed your foundation year, you'll come into Stage One or this is where you join us if you're coming straight from A levels. All of these modules are prescribed modules so you must take all of these modules in the first year and we cover things like Rocks and Minerals and Gemstones, different Earth surface processes and what that means for your stratigraphic record and including Environmental Hazards and Disasters, so a whole range of environmental hazards things from volcanic eruptions to climate change to flooding. You'll notice that there are these red FW letters next to some of the modules and all that means is that those modules have fieldwork days associated with them. We're really lucky to live in wonderful Derbyshire and that we've got loads of rocks close by to us that we think are excellent for outdoor classrooms for you to practice the skills that you've learned with us in the classroom. To take that to a next level the RFW is residential fieldwork within the UK, so you can see four Fundamental Skills for Geoscientists there is a residential field trip approximately six days or more where we take you away and you get an opportunity to really put into practice all the skills that you've learnt with us during studying that module. In second year once you've built that really strong foundation in geology, you can then start to be more applied and so this is where you might have some optional choices for whether you take Economic Mineral Deposits or Glacial Environments or Water: Resource and Hazard. There are still a lot of core modules here or prescribe modules that we think you really need to take to have that grounding as a geologist. So those include Volcanology, Deformed Terrains, how do you make these rocks be so buckled and bent rather than just linear planar surfaces as they were deposited in their sedimentary environments and then how do we map them, the Geological Mapping and Applied Skills for Geoscientists is a really key component of your geological training. I'm actually standing in front of the geological map of Mount Fuji and I thought that would be a nice background so maybe we can look at this in class. After Stage Two you can take an industrial placement year but you can also go straight on to your third year. Now this is where you get chance to really take the lead on your own studies, your Independent Studies module is your dissertation module and it counts for two modules and even so it's 40 credits worth of work, and you get an opportunity to go out into the field with a small group of students and map an area for yourself. Maybe you'll create something that looks like this but that would probably be rather more weeks than you would be out there for yourself. On top of your Independent Studies, there is also a Basin Analysis and Crustal Evolution modules that both have overseas fieldwork associated with them. They share a kind of capstone trip to the Pyrenees in your final year to look at the evolution of mountain belts and because you're in your third year and you've built that really strong geology foundation you then get to choose which of these optional modules you would like to complete be it Engineering Geology, Applied GIS, all of these are very applied modules that mean you build lots of skills that are really valuable in the job market. Geology and Environmental Hazards is very similar, again you can take a foundation year and the first year is the same. Second year is where we start to differ so you don't take any more, well you don't have to take any more the Deformed Terrains module and the Applied Sedimentology module, instead you must take the Water: Resource and Hazzard module, because water plays such a controlling factor in so many geological and environmental hazards so that's a really key module to take and that also has day field trips associated with it. But you can still choose to take them all kind of geologically focused modules such as Deformed Terrains or Applied Sedimentology if you so wish, there is that optionality within this degree programme. Again you can take an industrial placement year and then in your final year again you have a more broad choice of modules. You can still take lots of the pure Geology modules as long as you've completed the required prerequisites, but you also have the options to take things like Climate Change or Terrain Evaluation, which you may not have had access to as part of the pure Geology programme. You'll also notice you have this Applied Environmental Hazards module which looks not only at the physical process of these hazards but also how we can mitigate their effects and how we can manage and communicate with the affected populations. In terms of Joint Honours depending on whether you choose Geology as a minor, joint or major, so two to four, three and three, or four to two split depends which of these modules you'll take but you'll see that at each stage there's a really core geology progression including the Fundamental Skills, Mapping, Basin Analysis and Crustal Evolution, but if you need more information on the Joint Honors options based on whether you choose minor, major or joint please do get in touch and we'll happily answer questions for you. Now one thing that is also important for us at the University of Derby is making sure that we give you kind of a future-proofed degree. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are really key in this. Geology is not just a science for today it's a science for tomorrow and how we can prepare for the challenges that are facing us in the UK, but also us as the global population. So in particular you know geology plays a key role in looking at how we can provide clean water, how can we provide affordable and clean energy. Geoscientists need to be involved in these debates and so our degree is underpinned by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, which feed into the material that we cover. We also have an active research centre, the Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, which we are all part of and we all contribute to. There's an annual conference where we get together and present our work to each other and also to interested parties externally. We have people who research a huge range of topics so from Gondwana break up, to mineralising processes, to kind of old fossils and what that meant for paleo environments back in deep time. So it includes sedimentology and paleontology, I'm a volcanologist so I specifically research different volcanic environments. I'm currently working on some volcanoes in Chile. Sian Davies-Vollum who is our Head of the Environmental Sciences School, has an active research programme in Ghana where she's looking at coastal change in sea level rise. Dr Jordan Phethean looks at mantle dynamics and Dr Holly Elliott is looking at mineralising environments and how we can find these really key deposits of things like rare Earth metals, rare Earth elements that we are kind of reliant upon in our move to green technology. The facilities that we have here at Derby are excellent, especially our teaching facilities we have dedicated petrology and sedimentology labs that we will come in and we will teach you in those environments. We have a lot of dedicated study space just for Geoscience students and that's really important so you don't have to go and fight your way through the library to find a desk. We have our own map library which provides a quiet working space for students, we have a specialist computing laboratory which if it's not booked you're welcome to go in and use and we have a student lab which has microscopes set up in so you can go in and look at thin sections in your own time without having to book a microscope out. Another thing that we're really proud of is that we have a scanning electron microscope and the ability to make thin sections in-house so as part of your final year dissertation, you could collect samples of rocks which then are turned into thin sections for you to analyse both with an optical microscope in the student lab but also with a scanning electron microscope which requires significant training but develops those skills that industry will be looking for. You know you've been able to operate expensive pieces of machinery and this brightly colored crystal that you can see here is an example of some of the maps that we might produce from a scanning electron microscope. Our Geological Society, our student Geological Society is incredibly active they organise talks throughout the academic year, they have many socials. It's a really great opportunity for you to meet not just people within your year group but across the whole year group, as well as interact with the staff on a more social level. So I really do encourage you to join the Geological Society they are incredibly active and they consistently win awards from the Union for doing so much and being so proactive in their activities. I'll just quickly look over some of the different pieces of fieldwork. Your first residential fieldwork is in Northwest Scotland and this is where you look at classic geology. The Lewisian Gneiss is three billion years old and you have the opportunity to go and walk all over it and work out why is it here, why is it next to rocks that are only a billion years old, what's led to this process, what's led to this juxtaposition of different rock types and it really has allowed you to kind of cut your teeth on residential fieldwork and a beautiful area. In second year we have a lot of residential fieldwork we're really preparing you for your independent study and at the moment we go to Snowdonia, Tenerife, Anglesey and Pembrokeshire, a lot of really classic areas of geology where a lot of fundamental principles have been worked out. In your final year you go to the French Pyrenees with the Crustal Evolutional and Basin Analysis modules and you can see the weather can be pretty variable then even though we go in May and it can be very sunny or it can be very snowy. It's a really great opportunity for you to experience four seasons in one day whilst also applying all of the skills that you've learnt through your three years with us at Derby. If you do the Geology with Environmental Hazards degree you're final year field trip will be the Pacific Northwest field trip and this is to Washington and Oregon States in the northwest of the USA and we give you an opportunity to go and observe the impacts of a whole range of environmental hazards and this is an image of Mount St. Helens that erupted catastrophically in 1980 as I'm sure you're all aware. It's really rather breath-taking to go and visit it in person so we look at whole range, not just volcanic hazards but wildfire, flooding, management of water in the desert area, all of these are encapsulated within the Pacific Northwest field trip which is where we currently go. The final piece of fieldwork that I haven't really talked about is your independent study and this is fieldwork that is led by you. You will go away for up to five weeks with colleagues from your year group, a small number of them and you'll be mapping different areas within your assigned field area. But we won't just let you go, we won't just wave you off at the start of summer and say see you in September, we do keep in touch with you and one of the ways we provide support is through coming up and visiting you and this is Dr Jordan Phethean in the picture and he has gone all the way up to the Isle of Skye to check in on his students and make sure they're doing okay, make sure they're progressing, answer any questions they have in the field. So in a way it's an opportunity for you to lead us around and say well I'm not sure about this rock, can you come and have a look with me. So we do provide you that support during your independent study and then obviously all of the support once you return back to Derby. So why should you choose Derby? Well one thing which I think is really important and I am really proud of is that any fieldwork associated with a compulsory module is included in your course fee. That means you don't have to pay for any accommodation or any extra transport, it's all included. So I think that's really really important, it means you can budget effectively and not have to suddenly spend hundreds of pounds to go on a field trip that would be a really valuable learning experience for you. We have a range of optional modules and these are incredibly applied so you can develop the skills and knowledge to apply to the specific career that you're interested in from petroleum, through to mining, through to geotechnical or environmental sectors. You can take a placement here if you so choose and build that industrial experience and within all of our modules we have personal development planning and workplace experience. So we're looking at how does the material that you learn within your study here at Derby make you employable, how does it give you experience to cope in the workplace, for example, I teach on a final year geochemistry course here at Derby, Crustal Evolution and we deal with a lot of geochemical data that looks at the origin of plate tectonics and what did the first continental crust look like and yes most of us won't go into careers that look at the origin of the continental crust, but by handling complex datasets and drawing conclusions from incomplete datasets, those are really valuable skills that industry will really value moving forwards. You can choose single honours or joint honours so it gives you that flexibility to try out different topics and you would come and be part of a research active teaching team. So not only do we teach you the fundamentals but we'll also expose you to the current areas of debate, what's the new knowledge that we're generating as part of our research and we'll give you that cutting edge experience of our current understanding. As part of that and why you might want to choose to study Geology at Derby there are lots of different statistics that we are proud of here at Derby, including the fact that we rated Gold in the Teaching Excellence Framework and really that just means that we deliver excellent teaching on our degree programmes, including being rated within the Top 30 of the Guardian University Guide. So what might you do following your study at Derby? Well there's a whole range of career options open to you just because you choose to study geology doesn't mean you have to have a geological career. It gives you a broad range of transferable skills which are really valuable within any workplace but in particular there's some case studies from past graduates here who've gone into geotechnical and engineering geology or they've gone into producing BBC documentaries, so there's a huge range of options there. That's all I've got to say for this talk. Thank you very much for taking the time to go through it. If you have any questions please do get in touch with the details on the screen here. You can find the email address at the beginning of the slides as well. I look forward to meeting you.

For a host of issues, like vaccine safety, climate change, and GMO foods, public opinion is a poor match for our scientific standing. That dissonance has led a lot of people to ask how we could do better at getting scientific information out to the public. But the Pew Research Center decided to ask a related question that's just as important: where's the public getting its scientific information now? The answer, disappointingly, is that most people in the US aren't getting any scientific information at all. For the small number of people who do see significant scientific information, most of it comes from news outlets. Oddly, however, the public is not impressed with its primary source, as fewer than 30 percent of those polled think that news outlets actually get the science right. The Pew data comes from a survey of more than 4,000 US adults, a big enough sample that the margin of error is only 1.6 percentage points. Within that sample, 30 percent indicated that they actively seek out science news. But nearly half of those folks don't find it, as only 43 percent of them indicate that they see science news a few times a week or more. That's just 17 percent of the overall survey population, a group the Pew refers to as "active science consumers." Within the survey population at large, 36 percent indicate that they see science news a few times a week. Being optimistic, that suggests that there are enough science news sources out there to ensure that people will stumble across it even if they're not looking for it. On the pessimistic side, that means two-thirds of the US isn't seeing much information about science. Within the US, there are a variety of sources people turn to. A bit over half saw science information in traditional news sources; a bit under half watched documentaries or other video-based material. A quarter went to a dedicated science magazine, either in print or online, and 10 percent visited museums or other exhibit-focused centers. The disappointing aspect here is that there's no relationship between how popular a source is and how people rate it for quality. So, while the single largest source was general news, only a quarter of those surveyed feel that the news gets its science right most of the time. In fact, none of the sources was considered especially accurate. Even museums and dedicated science magazines were rated as getting the science right most of the time. These numbers, however, go up considerably among the active science news consumers, more than 70 percent of whom think museums, documentaries, and science magazines get it right most of the time. A third of the survey population also hears about science news from friends and family, though only 16 percent of those surveyed think their loved ones constitute a good source of accurate information. Similar things are true of social media. A quarter of the public follows at least one science focused account, but half of the public thinks social media is a lousy place to get accurate information. Despite the low number of regular consumers of science news, the public also says it's interested in getting more. More than 70 percent of the survey population said it was interested or very interested in seeing science news; that's only slightly below politics and well ahead of both sports and entertainment news. When asked why they don't consume more science news, however, the public had lots of excuses, none of which stood out. These excuses ranged from not having enough time down to disagreeing with the news they hear. "Boring" and "too hard to understand" both made appearances, suggesting that part of the problem lies with the media. The media also gets a fair bit of the blame for the public's sense that science coverage is inaccurate. Those surveyed think the media is too quick to report on early results, oversimplify most coverage, and emphasize disagreement among scientists. But the public also shoulders some of the blame, as most people think that we're generally bad at judging which scientific information is solid and try too hard to find ways that results are relevant to ourselves. Scientists get dinged for trying the same thing and generally hyping their research. But the Pew also asked people to list some news they had seen that was inaccurate, and the results were pretty mixed. One respondent was convinced that it was irresponsible to suggest aliens could be behind the strange behavior of an erratic star, even though scientists themselves had considered that possibility. And, in some cases, people were upset about accurate coverage. In other cases, they were upset about genuinely bad coverage, such as a documentary that treated mermaids as real or an article that promoted creationism. In other words, complaints about the mixed accuracy of science news are based on a mixed understanding of the underlying science. As a result, people come away from accurate reporting convinced that it was problematic. Overall, the picture that emerges is one of a US public that wants to be enthused about science but doesn't have the time and energy to devote to reading science news and is frequently disappointed with the results when they do. And, while the purveyors of science news receive a lot of the blame for this, the public recognizes that hype-driven scientists and the public's own lack of knowledge make the situation worse.

[DOG BARKING] [KNOCKING AT DOOR] Hi, I'm Maria Santos from Adult Protective Services remember me from last week after our visit? Just wanted to follow up on the referral for your dad, so just wanted to make sure he's okay. He's safe oh, I don't know if he wants to talk to me . [Sonny] I don't understand what it is you need what are you talking about needs? [Maria] I need to talk to him [Sonny] Can you tell me what exactly gonna be asking him? [Maria] well I'll be asking him questions Talk to him about if using his Medi-Care, his food. You know see if he needs anything [Sonny] You act as if he's in some kind of danger if he's not safe here. He's here with his family you know. [Maria] I don't know because I haven't seen him. So I don't know if he's in any danger so if I can talk to him and ask him some questions I can find out and then I can close the case if there's nothing wrong. [Sonny] You know But he doesn't want to talk to you. I don't want to talk to you in fact He called you in told you he didn't want to speak with you. [Maria] Well we just have to check it out [Sonny] How is it you're gonna determine whether something is okay, or not okay? [Maria] well, I mean it's uh hard sometimes because we have to assess and talk to him and see if he's eating sleeping if he needs anything, there's food in the house. [Sonny] You know things aren't always to the way they appear to be. I'm constantly the scapegoat for everything that goes on good or wrong for my father Look, I know you're trying to do your job, okay, but I'll ask him if he'll talk to you. Come on. Please close the door! [DOOR CLOSES] [Max] I heard someone talking. [DOG BARKING] [Sonny] Dad this lady is from Adult Protective Services. You didn't file a case with them did you? He's safe! He's perfectly safe! [Max] I didn't file anything with them. [Sonny] You didn't call? [Max] No. [Sonny] Then who did? [Max] Ask her? [Sonny] You never asked Adult Protective Services for anything? [Max] Not for the last year. [Sonny] You did ask them for help? [Max] Not for this last year I didn't ask'em anything. [DOG BARKING] [MAX] I asked for the court last year. [Sonny] For what? [Max] you were there. [Sonny] oh God yes, I was there. [Max] So! That's all that time I called I had nothing to do was this lady coming over here. [Sonny] So then who called? [Max] Ask her. [Sonny] I did ask'em they wouldn't tell me, but you're saying it wasn't you. [Max] Wudn't me. [Maria] But I do need to speak to him alone. [Sonny] Maybe he dudn't want to talk to you. [Maria] Well. I need to speak to him. Hi Max. How are you doing? [Max] Fine. [Maria] I need to speak to you alone is this a good time? [Sonny] Yeah, we got nothing to hide you can talk to her if you want But you do not have to. [Max] I don't know I guess if she wants to talk to me I'll talk to her. We'll have to go to the kitchen. [Sonny] I'm going with you I want to make sure you not gonna mess with'em. [Max] Would you like a drink of water or sumpthin'? [Maria] Sure [Max] Les see I got some water in here somewhere [DOOR OPENS] [Max] oh here it is. [DOG BARKING] [Max] oh ma'am that's a rickity chair would you mind sittin here? Ah'll sit over there. Here's your drink. [Maria] So Max I called and left you a message saying I would be visiting. Did you get that message? {Max] yes, I got the message.[Maria] What did the message say? [Max] You said that uh [CLEARS THROAT] You had to follow up And that I might be a victim of verbal abuse from ma' son. [Maria] Yes, that's right. So we got a report that you might be a victim. Do you feel safe with your son?[Sonny] Somebody's saying that I'm abusing you is that true? [Max] Where are you getting this idea? [Maria] it's in the referral I [Maria] Just reading what? [Max] So who did the referral? [Maria] well the referrals anonymous. I can't tell you that information [Sonny] Dad am I being... am I being abusive to ya? [Max] No more questions, no more answers I have to go. ok? Sonny's my son he takes care of me [Maria] Right... but... does he yell at you or make you feel afraid? [DOG BARKING] [Max] Can you go now? I really have nothing more to say. [Maria] Well I'd really like to ask you some more questions. [Max] Maybe another time... [Sonny] He asked you to go. [Maria] You know he's not gonna talk to me with you here obviously so I need to talk to him alone. When he's ready he can call me. I'll be going. [Sonny] I'll help you out. [DOG BARKING] [Sonny] You have a good day. [Maria] uh huh...

Sorry to say I'm on my way won't be back for many a day My heart is down my head is turning around I gotta leave a little girl in Kingston Town. Ready to Feel the Vibe in Jamaica Hey everybody, we're here our first stop in Jamaica Is Martha Brae Rafting where we're taking one of these lovely bamboo rafts Down this beautiful river It's my very first time doing a bamboo raft so I'm pretty excited So am I! Well we're heading up to the YS Waterfalls We've been brought in by tractor and we're going to check out these 7 tiered waterfalls. gonna be awesome. Saw Dolphins Woo! well we are definitely at the coolest bar in all of Jamaica this is the Pelican bar and it is just right out in the middle of the Caribbean Sea you can get here with Captain Joseph and book it through Jake where we're staying and it is the coolest place to watch sunset to come for a few drinks and just hang out and have some fun Well we're about to get our cooking class Underway here at Jakes here at Treasure Beach That one's mine Usain Bolt style alright Excellent. Alright, I got the thumbs up, right on man Thank you very much. Did you know Jamaica has crocodiles? well they do and we're going to see them on the Black River Safari So we've just had a great tour here on the Black River but we're also in the crocodile nursery they have put 78 crocodiles back into the wild and most of the crocodiles in here have been rescued from backyard or on the road or they've been through some fights and they're nursing them back to health some will be re-released and some are not fit to go back into the wild so they will go to other facilities but it's pretty incredible to see Come for a hike for a beautiful view. The perfect end to a hike. alright our early morning start here we're heading out on these beautiful bikes to explore the culture and the countryside gonna be awesome just got back from a great bikr ytip exploring culture getting to meet the local people here down in the southern part of Jamaica. Thank you very much Damien for an awesome, awesome day. If you want to do this and i recommend you do, get in contact with Damian at Jakes you're going to love it. It's pretty cool seeing phosphorescent here in Jamaica this bay is known to have some of the brightest in and it did not disappoint

WITH AN EYE ON POLITICS AND THE UPCOMING DEBATES... ONE OF OUR NATION'S FOUNDING FATHERS TOOK THE PODIUM TODAY IN DAYTON. OUR THIRD PRESIDENT AND PRIMARY AUTHOR OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE THOMAS JEFFERSON SPOKE AT THE DAYTON ROTARY CLUB LUNCHEON TODAY. HE'S ACTUALLY BEING PORTRAYED BY A MAN NAMED BILL BARKER OF COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG. HE SPOKE ABOUT BRINGING THE LESSONS TO THE REVOLUTION TO THE PRESENT. I SEE WHAT I HAVE EVER REFERRED TO AS THE GREATEST PRODUCT OUR NATION HAS TO OFFER THE REST OF THE WORLD REMAINS IMAGINATION. IMAGINATION OF WHERE WE CAN GO AND WHAT WE CAN ACCOMPLISH AS A CITIZEN BODY. THOMAS JEFFERSON ALSO STOPPED BY CARILLON PARK TO MARK THE BICENTENNIAL OF THE WAR OF 1812. COMING UP...

-Good evening, and welcome to the first edition of Slapback TV Today, we are joined by Noise Nebula, a band which is they are blowing it inspired by “Shoegaze” and “Dream pop” influence -How are you doing? -How are you guys? Well, they are “Noise Nebula” and they are bringing us the last EP, “Northern Islands. Well guys, you have a good track record this year. You have been in many places around Spain, you have played big gigs in main squares around Madrid. Tell us, how do you feel about that? -This year have been great so far, specially when we came back from the “Converse Project” in Seattle... -That's it ... with our EP recorded. We wanted to show the album at least here in Madrid and surroundings and we did some gigs and staff but we are looking for more, so we are working on it at the moment, little by little. -That’s right! You guys have been in Avast Studio and recorded the songs in Seattle Surely, it would have been an incredible experience for you, wouldn’t it? -True, exactly one year ago about that..well not now, I mean..not sure (Yeah, almost a year, right) -It has been a long time and don’t know...Still is really hard to believe what we did to be honest, it has been one year already.. (It was like a dream come true, right?) -Absolutely. The fact of having all these songs from such a long time with not certain idea about where to record them or what to do Suddenly this opportunity came to us and well every time we think about that it’s impossible not be emotional. - Have you visited in Jimi Hendrix memorial? -Nah, we didn’t have enough time, it was quite far away from us -I think we only visited “Seven Eleven” . . . and that’s it -A great burger bar, so cool -An also a Mexican Place -Classic old school, right? -Sure, with this typical Tacos hughes as your head -Yeah, massive isn’t? -We had no time honestly, it was all about recording. -Great So let see the results live now -Well guys, fantastic vibes and sounds from Northern Islands -Cheers -We were in a proper nebula (haha) -So the question is: are you already working in a new project? do you have something on mind? -Let say so...well, two of the songs we have played today we didn't record them yet and... they are part of the new project. We have no exactly how we would produce it, but... we are creating a lot at the moment, so things will come up soon. No idea how would be, but we have new sounds so... -Sounds great guys! -Great. (thanks) -Well, that’s all folks for today in Slapback TV thanks for coming guys. -Thank you too -That’s all, cheers!

Good evening and welcome. Thank you so much for venturing out in this rain and being here. It's really a wonderful evening. I'm very happy that Iñaki is going to speak to us. So it's going to be a wonderful evening. I think everyone probably knows that there is a tradition here at the GSD that we have had the very well-known Walter Gropius lectures, lectures that have been delivered by chairs of the Department of Architecture upon the completion of their term as chair, which is part of this series in honor of Walter Gropius who became the chair of the department in 1937. And of course, we are delighted that Iñaki will be giving the chair, the talk tonight. The Department of Architecture and the GSD, I think, is particularly lucky that there've been a few occasions over the last few years where we have had the chance to have a lot of the recent chairs of the department here together. And we have, at the moment, as part of the GSD community, no less than nine chairs that really remain connected with the school. This is a very big deal. It's a really important thing for an institution to have nine chairs that are in some way or other involved with the school. They include Gerry McCue, who was the chair and then the dean of the school, Harry Cobb, Rafael Moneo, Mack Scogin, Jorge Silvetti, Toshiko Mori, Scott Cohen, Iñaki Åbalos, and of course now Michael Hays. When we think about Spain, where Iñaki comes from, and we think about the experiences that we've had here at the GSD, and thinking about the recent history of Spanish architecture. A lot of time, in the 1980s and 1990s, the kind of thought of Spanish architecture is about a particular kind of architecture, which is really linked to very well-made buildings that are very well considered. They are very careful about their thoughts in relation to context. And many of these were also brought to our attention under the general rubric of critical regionalism. But I think at some point, also in the late '80s and '90s, we managed to-- and we were lucky to come across a practice called Åbalos and Herreros. And this is a practice that Iñaki and his then partner, Juan Herreros started in the 1980s. And I think, unlike many of their other practices in Spain that were very serious, very dedicated to particular understanding of tectonics, this was a practice that was very witty. They were really quite naughty. They were involved in play, in consideration of chance, in questions of temporality, and in many respects, quite different than what was going on at the time. The discussion of technique for example was an important part of the conversations of this particular practice. For me, both Iñaki and Juan in some ways linked probably more to an earlier generation of Spanish practice-- and he'll correct me-- I'm not an expert on Spanish architecture. But I think it links to an earlier generation of Spanish architecture, people like Alejandro de la Sota, Oiza, and Miguel Fisac. I think those are three architects that, for me, have the closest connection probably to the work of Iñaki Åbalos. We actually were-- I was lucky that we could collaborate together on a publication on Alejandro de la Sota. We had the intention to also make a book together on Oiza, which we never did. I wish we had. And then Iñaki and I got to see some of the work of Fisac together, and I was lucky to be able to write something on Fisac. And I think Fisac, in some ways, is probably the closest, in terms of what a contemporary-- of what Iñaki, for me, represents in terms of a kind of contemporary version of Fisac. For those of you who are not familiar with the work of Miguel Fisac, Fisac represents an architecture that is full of plasticity, of sensuality of materials, of form, but also has an incredibly deep understanding of technical know-how of how to put the building together, how to make it. His famous building, the Pagoda, which is really the kind of rotating floors of a building, and many other projects, where really the construction of the building becomes such an important part of the creation of a certain set of affects or emotions connected to the building represents some of the kind of qualities that I think Iñaki is very much interested in. What? Is everything all right? Good. Just checking, if I'm doing something wrong. The work of Åbalos and Herreros was always combining an interest in architectural design also together with the production of ideas and theories in terms of writing. An important monograph was the monograph from 1997 Areas of Impunity, where, for example, it was very clear that this was a practice that was as much interested in the idea of ideas related to kind of rethinking, for example, the concept of phasing in architecture, finding new ways, alternative ways, in which the phenomenon of incompletion could be part of the consideration of a master plan in very unusual and different ways than, for example, what was then current in terms of phasing projects. A later book, which was then also translated from Spanish to English, the Tower and Office, From Modernist Theory to Contemporary Practice, was a very important publication in terms of the discussion of the role of technique. But anyway, sadly, Iñaki and Juan split up in the mid 2000s. And Iñaki was lucky to then be able to join together with Renata Sentkiewicz. And they've had their practice since then. I was also lucky that both Iñaki and Juan got to teach and we spent time together in London. And of course then Iñaki became, in 2009, the Kenzo Tange Professor here at the GSD. I think probably, Toshiko, you were the one who invited Iñaki. So thank you very much to you, Toshiko. And then of course, more recently, the appointment of Iñaki at the GSD as the chair. I think the tenure of Iñaki here at the school has been full of interest, excitement. He's certainly been asking us lots and lots of questions about ways in which we do things and has also pushed that idea through a series of conferences, symposia. I think obviously one of the hallmarks of his tenure will be the emphasis that he has placed on the issue of thermodynamics. And how he really has tried to use that in order to transform both part of our pedagogy and research, but also part of his own practice. And I think that that work is also consistent with some of the earlier writings that he was doing before he got really into thermodynamics, which were books like The Good Life, which I think contains some of the elements of the whole issue of the interior, the atmosphere, the life of the building. And so, in a way, it's also important to recognize that thermodynamics always promised and promises more than sustainability. That really, it's about a kind of mode of thought. It's about a sense, certain attitude towards life. And I think this kind of magical, emotional, and atmospheric dimension of architecture, together with its material and technical aspects, is something that's come to be the hallmark of both Renata and Iñaki's practice, but also of his teaching pedagogy and leadership here at the school. So I'm really grateful for everything that he's done. And I'm sure that there's going to be lots and lots of exciting things that he's going to put in front of us tonight. So please welcome Iñaki Åbalos. Thank you, Mohsen, for this intro. Thank you, Toshiko, for inviting me a long time ago. And thank you everyone here for being tonight with me. I don't know, it's going to be too exciting, but I'm going to say this is a little bit like, I have said, everyone, this is a little bit boring. But I like it. But let's begin. To celebrate this ritual, I have chosen a subject of which I believe there is no one that can consider himself or herself an expert. A subject that is the central theme of the academic activity, and especially over the years and its Department of Architecture, that of the relationship between education, research, and professional practice. We always talk about this. I will use for this a curious and almost forgotten type, the medieval monastery. Following its somehow paradoxical evolution throughout time until it's become one of the typological formulations that they consider of most interest to an architect's education. And I have used a lot this type for studios and seminars, et cetera. The one commercially referred to as mixed-use nowadays that is, in my understanding, just a prototype in its childhood that has an enormous potential to combat the lack of quality and transform our metropolis. Many of the students in this room will soon be teachers in other schools across the world and will disseminate the, yes, the same culture abroad. My propose today is to give them a testimony of the value of working and teaching and practice and the student as a form of knowledge by showing some of my current interests. Not as a demonstration of anything but exposing myself. As many studio instructors do, I use option studios as a laboratory where I can test ideas still in the process of becoming, giving the students an active role in identifying routes of exploring through their designs. Normally this experience is translated in exhibitions, such as the one that was opened a few days ago in Berlin with the last open studio, or into essays or articles, which pose new questions, giving birth to new studios, and so on, like a circle. This year's option studio, subjects, forms, and performances of the contemporary hybrid, is testing protocols of design based in exploring the lineage of the contemporary mixed-use in historic times, as the medieval monastery, as I have said, and its sequels in others, like socialist phalansteries or the communist commonness. So this talk is in many ways its natural outcome. And why medieval monasteries? I mean it's not something that I was all my life in love with. But these last years, I have been asked frequently by friends and colleagues about my life in Cambridge. And I always had the same response. I live now like a monk. Cloistered. My time discretized chronometically between teaching, learning-- I had to learn a lot, and I have learned a lot-- practicing, writing, meeting, and most of the time emailing. Every single day of the week. It's a kind of background response, I know. As it is an experience that everyone has here, the instructors and the students. The repetition of this response made me interested in how monks actually lived in medieval times. I mean, I had never thought about that. Which ones were their motivations, routines, and their organizations in architectural terms? What can I learn from them? So only this last years, as I said, I began to be interested in the Cistercian and the Carthusian monastery typology. Possibly because the immaculate, I have to say this word, immaculate type of the Gothic cathedral had, as for many others, obscure in my mind this other essential type of the medieval times. A type, the monastery, that was seminal in producing much of what we know now, frankly, in transmitting knowledge and paving the path of what we know as our universities. Let me show-- to begin with, I mean to enter in the topic with these engravings and drawings represented in the whole context of the monastery type. And not only of what we are used to seeing, which is their monumental core, the church, the cloister, et cetera These drawings, represented in all the monasteries contexts, impressed me because in them I understood that their success in time and their productive culture was based in the land they owned. Not in their architectural, not exclusively in their architectural core. It allowed them not only to survive but to interact with the villages around and through an intense economic exchange of goods, promoting the local markets. And therefore, the economy of the villages and giving way through bigger and bigger exchanges to a new territorial organization that opened the door to the Renaissance territory and the Renaissance culture. Another engraving-- you will see some of them. I hope that you distinguish the title of-- I mean if you want, and they are more or less chronologically ordered. In some, they stopped looking to me like what we call now in ecological terms, closed systems. Because I discovered that in reality they operated as open systems. The special mechanism being the creation of a policy of circles of decreased privacy, pivoting around the church and the cloister. Followed by other circles that begin with the domestic domain of the converts-- there are monks and converts-- not dedicated to the contemplative life, but dealing as a labor force for agriculture, farming, hydrology, fork, producing bronze styles, glass, et cetera That defined another circle occupying significant areas of land and surrounded by the last one, the forests, that limit the property and the building wild nature provide heat resources. This policy of circles of privacy has remained since then. The main organizational tool or technique of the different mixed-use types. In ecological terms, the monastery is by no means the most successful mixed-use of all them in time and in space. In time, because of its duration till nowadays, in reality. And in space, because if it's successful spreading throughout all the countries of Europe. I mean this is only the Cluny monasteries. The Cistercian are much more expanded-- but I didn't find the map-- becoming a unique contribution to the cultural and economic evolution of the medieval villages. Coming back in time-- for years, I was dedicated to exploring the potential of the mixed-use type in modernist and contemporary architecture. Mohsen has mentioned some of this work. Remainings on how blind to their interest in [INAUDIBLE]. In one of my first articles-- I think it was signed with Juan-- hybrids, I collected a series of complex structures that began to construct a geneology of the mixed-use. This was published in the Architectura, the magazine of Madrid, the collective of architects of Madrid. I had a catalog, a kind of very, very improvised beginning in the Romanesque auditorium of Sullivan in Chicago that all of us know and is a precious mixed-use. And I follow with others still, also arriving today, another Chicago piece, this impressive monolith of the John Hancock, other, like the gallery building in New York, that was also interesting, and continuing with some important unbuilt projects that every one of us know well-- and I don't need to mention the authors, I think-- and this one that is interesting, maybe less known, the Hans Kollhoff Atlanpole. Impressive. After that, in Tower Office, the book I published in English thanks to the generosity of Michael Hays, reviewing it, and when he didn't know me at all, by the way, and this was the main reason why it was published by MIT press, so thanks. Maybe if you knew me, other thing. [LAUGHTER] I studied in detail the evolution of the ideas of modernist architects inspired by the [INAUDIBLE] principles of division of work applied to the technical apparatus of the skyscraper-- programming one side, structure another, facade another, core, MEP, et cetera. Each part received a separate-- received by these architects and a separate approach and treatment. The post-World War II revolution actually demonstrated that the reality was very much the opposite. The parts contribute to the whole. Merging systems and problems concentrate in this pastureland organization or logic of the mono-functional skyscraper. Making its design a new place where all the subsystems have to adapt, negotiate, and collaborate to subsist. These tables and examples represent a moment in this long process that happens in between an original experimental prototype and its typological consolidation, which is constructed by addressing the material culture of a given moment in time. I will come back to this idea later. A significant part of my research has been dedicated to screen this prototype, the mixed-use as an embryo of forthcoming, of a forthcoming, in my mind, metabolic entity. Potentially very efficient in social, ecological, and thermodynamic terms, using my teaching and practice to experiment new design protocols that receives the most obvious cliches, confronting them with categories as monster beauty, dualisms, or thermal engines that I have used in many of the talks in this room, and that pretend to open new paths for its evolution. Revising now this article, Hybrids, 25 years later, I see that the schemes less commercial and somehow visionary were the ones that capture more of my attention as the main Paris library and its new formulation of the tower reversing its interior-exterior modernist relations. Or the massive vertical orchestration of multiple typologies, private and public, in Kollhoff's Atlanpole. The first using intrusion as its main design technique, the intrusion of a picturesque, extended version of the Le Corbusier promenade. The second, [INAUDIBLE] the silhouette of the mixed-use as a massive sculpture. Just to remark, I feel that in my mind resonate with the title, I borrow from Nietzsche for this lecture, Architecture for the Search for Knowledge, a title that belongs to the aphorism that appears with the number 280 in his book The Gay Science, published in 1882. An aphorism I quoted, not by coincidence, in the three books that I consider more relevant in my career-- Tower and Office, with Juan, The Good Life, and Essays on Thermodynamics, Architecture, and Beauty with Renata. So let's take a look to this aphorisma. You can read while I drink. [LAUGHTER] Let me then read the last phrase. "We wish to see ourselves translated into stones and plants. We want to take walks in ourselves when we stroll around these buildings and gardens." It is one of the few images-- very strong architectural images-- that he used. And it's a very specific and very clearly directed-- direct in a message to, I would say, all of us. This last phrase is an amazing architectural micro manifest, almost impossible to resist in its beauty. It persuades you just because of its beauty. Believe me or not, throughout these years that I have quoted it so much, I was unaware of how-- I mean to have to confess it-- how much Nietzsche was thinking about a specific type, the monastery. I thought it was a kind of generic, Gothic picturesque dream, or something like that. Only now that monasteries have begun to be interesting for me, I can see that he writes the whole paragraph with a specific monastery in his mind, But before analyzing this text in detail, let me invite you to have an impression of the atmosphere of the monasteries. Because I'm sure that some of you don't have a kind of whole picture of what I'm talking about. There are many spaces and rooms strolling around the stones and gardens through a selection of images from different monasteries chosen-- I mean it is very eclectic-- in time and typology-- chosen to give you a broad sense of their differences. So we can visit the chapter house, the place where monks and abbot read and commented the monastic rule almost every day. The rule that governs their life and that is organized in chapters. Therefore, chapter room. A cloister, this is a Benedictine monastery in Spain, a wonderful one, very, very old. This is a Romanesque cloister, where they wander around, alone and in silence, or all together in a procession. Another view. The squaring of the cloister being a representation of the divine perfection in its length, height, width, and depth. Fountain, a very symbolic element, a very beautiful construction, always or many times constructed in the middle of the patio, providing life and purity. Refectory, where they eat all together, but in silence or reading. The library, this is a recent image, where they study or copy books. The dormitory, sleeping together with exception of the abbot. The church, where they sing the psalms. This is a Cistercian monastery, very old and not so rich as others but very beautiful, very well preserved. And celebrated divinity, this St, Etienne, in Benedictine. The chorus, with the wood furniture down. The place reserved to the monks to celebrate the mass. All these places are critical in their life. The kitchen, the thermodynamic center of the monastery, close to the refectory, and the calefactory, warm, and used as a sitting room, especially for sick and elderly monks. Gardens, where they enjoy their limited spare time. They didn't have that much time. Nietzsche's aphorisms can be read, as we see these images, as poetry. And they are poetry and they are philosophy in its most rhetorical state, not subject to any of the predicaments of the formal logic protocols. Aphorisms are essays or micro-essays that project ideas in the most intuitive state, solely searching for rhetoric persuasion. This is something that brings them close to the act of designing which also consists of projecting-- projecting in the physical sense, not projecting ideas, crystallizing forms, seeking to persuade of their appropriateness and importance, which is always impossible to demonstrate. To [INAUDIBLE] essay the architectural project to the essay brings together this first of philosophy and architecture of space and time as the beam and the underside of knowledge. It is therefore not surprising that philosophy always uses architectural metaphors and that architects need philosophical ideas. More importantly, we can see aphorisma as synthetic, written forms that crystallize ideas. Reactions, readings, discussions that stay vague and disperse, floating without focus, till the moment they find a syntactic presentation, the aphorism, and become articulated as a whole. Only after this form exists as provocation, a potential research can be developed. I am talking about the analogy among aphorisma and projects because in my mind, there is a central idea. As happens with aphorism, projects come first. They operate on us as revealing tools. There is not a neat cause effect relationship between research and project. It is more true the other way. The project comes to us in all its complexity in a given moment. Normally, suddenly. And imposes its logic to all previous information that only have been warming up for this moment to happen. It's only after the project is in front of us that we can identify a research that needs to be articulated as such. Possibly, I'm being too radical, and projects don't come first alone, unless they appear in front of us as if they were coming first due to their presentation as synthesis, as facts. But we have to admit that the actualized, disordered ideas, conversations, the same thing. The difference emerges, memories, readings, all of them suddenly crystallize in a completely new format. So new that reconnects all that was informal and chaotic nonsense in just the opposite-- pure order and form. And this idea has consequences in the way we might conceive the respective roles and moments of design and research. Coming back to Nietzsche, he begins his aphorism with two obvious rhetorical devices. A future that he visualizes one day and probably soon, and us, a we, that presupposes and wishes to involve the reader anticipating an audience. If we accept to become part of his audience, we will believe that architecture produces knowledge or that it should produce it. And we will want to know what is lacking in our big cities. It is in those questions that we are captured. Nietzsche continues by saying that the time is past when the church possessed a monopoly on reflection-- when the vita contempletiva always had to be first of all vita religiosa. An [INAUDIBLE]-- I'm synthesizing-- godless could not have access to the knowledge in its constructions. We wish to see ourselves translated into stones and plants, et cetera And that is where Nietzsche takes us, to an affirmation that we can all understand that then makes of the model of the monastery a counter model He doesn't want to think, he cannot think in a monastery. The biological behind Nietzsche's aphorism and the architectural image is that the architectural is used not as a model but as a counter model, of what we don't want, but of what we don't have an alternative model. We can't talk about it with another language or through other forms since they don't exist. But at the same time, they are desired, they are necessary. We want the monastery, and we don't want it. So perhaps it's the moment to ask ourselves, how were these architectures for the search for our divine knowledge organized? Originally, I'm going very quickly through eight centuries-- originally, by isolating themselves completely from the war to live in grottos as hermits. And evolving very slowly to a cenobitic organization in forms that took centuries to consolidate. A bit of etymology about these words that shows the dual character of the monastery, living alone, but having at the same time a common life. This is a real dualism. This is a very serious dualism. We see here some of these moments when the monasteries are retired to the desert. This is in [INAUDIBLE] sixth century. It's impressive, no? The solitude and the isolation, and the materiality, too. And the cloister taking form later as an essential representation of the cenobitic life. It's the place where everyone gets together. this beautiful triangular, strange, I would say improvised cloister is one of the predecessors of the rational square cloister that came later. A well-known moment of this evolution is dated in 820, when the Plan of St. Gall stands out, a plan that was drawn by-- I don't know how to pronounce-- [INAUDIBLE] About [INAUDIBLE] Bishop of Basel, precisely Basel, the place where Nietzsche was writing in The Gay Science. This is the first architectural plan that is known to us in Europe. It's really the first one that we have knowledge of. It was the plan for the organization of an ideal monastery, removed from the war, and self-sufficient. In it, we should point out the square cloister-- I mean you can see it later on-- the square cloister attached to the church that organizes an interior for monastic life outside the church. Normally, in its southern orientation, taking advantage of solar radiation for the daily life of the monks. Without going into the controversy surrounding this document, there are a lot-- I know the historians have a lot of-- I don't want to enter into that. This is both, for me at least, this is both a diagram that discretizes the programs and an inventory of the parts that allow the monastery to survive in its relative cenobitic isolation. I mean also St. Gall in particular, was an important center of pilgrimage and political power. So I don't think it was so isolated. But anyway, as well as it is a first approximation to a topological or relational scheme in which the location and continuity of the different programs response to an efficient display on a flat and abstract site. Only governed by the necessary is west orientation of the church, which is in the center. And the cloisters, the grace of that as the core of the monastery life, receives a more precise architectural definition in this drawing. The evolution of the prototype defined by this plan developed quickly, between the 11th and 12th century, outside the Benedict orders of Cluny and later on with the sisters of St.Bernard. We can have-- less than 100 years, this too, you see the rest of the first church in the cloister, in the second. And the dramatic change of scale that shows the success of that idea. Throughout these centuries, the overall form and material system of the monastery was perfected through the elaboration of a limited number of rooms gravitating around the cloister-- I have mentioned them, the charter room, the refectory, the kitchen, the dormitories, the latrines, the church, et cetera-- complemented by the way the position of each constructive component in each different room becomes fixed in the cloister and the need of using natural resources as water and diverting itself back to meet the river that feeds them. You see, that there are two flows of water there. The architectural type of the Cistercian monasteries in fact the result of St. Bernard's command to build near a river. That explains the position of the refectory, the latrines, and the kitchen, no? It's diverted to receive clean and dirty water. What is important for differential purposes, so it's channeling and organizing two parallel waterways, one for drinking and cleaning, which gives origin to the fountain, et cetera And another one for the water mills and to evacuate the waste that runs through the latrines and the kitchen. This evolution follows a process of adaptation to the life of the monks looking for the highest form of abstraction as an expression of knowledge that corresponds with the abstraction of the spiritual life posed by them. So we see here, Fontenay 12th century, Thoronet, a beautiful one that we will see images later. [INAUDIBLE] And then you see how they are constructing and repeating the model oriented to the north and to the south, Poblet, in Catalonia, Spain. This is incredible, it's a pure abstraction, Maulbronn in Germany. This is a kind of amazing construction, the Royaumont, in France, in the 13th century. I don't want to explain, step-by-step-- there are many, many more. You can go to Wikipedia and you will learn everything about these rooms. This process from a prototype topology receives its definitive form in great part through the strong decision that supposes the exclusive use of one material. And this is very important. So all the process is perfection when they decide to construct in one material, stone. In that moment, applied only to cathedrals, fortifications, and palaces. And stone has-- we know it-- it sounds stereotomic, rules that govern the shape of each different element and each different room in systemic ways. The Cistercian monastery is a celebration of stereotomic beauty in contrast to the ornamental character of Cluny monasteries that were much more about figuration. Some of them, such as the well-preserved monastery of Thoronet in France, are a real manifestation of the power of abstraction in architectural forms, an abstraction that gives its character to the Cistercian monasteries not any more interested in these other fantasies, monsters, and all the stuff that you can see in the cloisters of Romanesque and Cluny monasteries. I remark on this this to underline that typologies are not just diagrams or ideas. In the way to become types instead of experimental prototypes, there is a process of finding their materiality and turning it into tectonic, stereotomic, and thermodynamic terms, a process that gives its consistency and successful replication to the type. Typologies are not abstract ideas, or at least I think so. They are made of matter, are based in a material culture, and only succeed through a happy encounter of form, matter, and flow. This consistent unity-- we have here a table with this process. I like this slide. This consistent unity of the monastery and its infrastructure surrounded by ancillary constructions, crops and forests, a generous, self-sufficient entity whose intrinsic beauty comes from being, at the same time, simple and complex. A machine for a living, if I may borrow the words of Le Corbusier, or maybe, more precisely, a metabolic machine, in which a small group of monks live. And there are a series of precise, even mechanistic, rules and codes. But what was the appeal that this-- this was my main issue-- what was the appeal that this invention had, that even the knights of the upper classes announced it to their [INAUDIBLE] and also violent lives that they like it-- war, et cetera to their most instinctive pleasures they enjoy, to donate their goods and fortune and commit themselves to the monastic life, choosing isolation and poverty? The promise of happiness that contemplative life offer identified at that time with the superiority of spiritual and religious life. This is the answer. And what is happiness in cenobitic life? To cite our own Christine Smith, that has been really helpful in preparing these-- the greatest good-- summum bonum-- is union with God, partly experienced in this life and only fully realized in eternal life. Monastisism is the quest for union with God through prayer, penance, and separation from the world pushed by man or woman, later on, sharing a communal life. These machines for living-- their first stance has a topological materialization of the lifestyle for new, alternative subject in the medieval context-- the monk, who through his life and routines, that you can see here, devotes himself completely to the discipline of the rule of the order he professes. With [INAUDIBLE], his daily schedule and activities always identical to themselves to itself. You can read. They woke up really soon, every few hours visit the church, starting at 2:00 a.m. to sing the sounds. This low rhythm of choral singing, and we might say of their lives, adjusted to the large resonance chamber that the Church is-- at odds with the obsession against resonance we see nowadays in our performance centers, by the way. Other activities of the monks scheduled are meditating and praying, normally walking or staying around the cloister-- reading sacred texts, or transcribing in the library the preserved Greek, Roman, Hebraic, or Arab books, which supposes a profound dimension of their most interests for their medieval and post-medieval organization of knowledge and pedagogy. This activity was amazing. This scheme at the same time protocol of life and of architecture, admits some variations-- we don't have only Cistercians or Cluny-- we have Cartusians, we have Franciscans, et cetera, et cetera. If Saint Benedict or Saint Bernard had given birth to the prototype of the Cistercian monastery San Bruno, in the image, in parallel gave birth to the Cartusian monastery, another amazing invention, looking for a more radical way of vita religiosa and even more radical-- I cannot believe it-- increasing the cenobitic life the hermit component, by imposing to the monks total silence and maximum isolation. And this comes through dividing-- instead of the common dormitory having each one-- this interesting change of the collective dormitory for individual lodges with their own orchard in each one of them in the form of a patio separated by two corridors to make it even bigger, their isolation. We have some images of-- there are lot of Cartusians now in Europe and in Latin America, too. And all them surrounding a central garden space where the fountain is normally situated, I think the cemetary too-- to sum up, their new subject, the rule and the type, in their ecological context work as a mechanism in pursuit of an idea of happiness. Strange for us, but a very intense idea of happiness. The new subject, the rule, and the type, are the same thing, and the three of them are necessary as an organizational, economical, tectonic, and ecological level. These are other images of-- engraven images of the Cartusian monasteries. Also Le Corbusier was in love with the this type as you know. [INAUDIBLE] et cetera. I mean a lot of references. And composing architecture and the knowledge that contributed paradoxically to the outcome of a new world but at odds with that of the monastery, no? The world of the Renaissance. All of these had almost disappeared in these times. Henry the Eighth dissolved [INAUDIBLE] in England in the late 1530s, beginning a process that expanded to the Lutheran countries around the 16th century, followed by the Catholic countries after the French Revolution. We can say that-- but they again were restored and now they are alive-- there are a lot of them. We can say that this model had died of its own success, not only for having given birth to a new secularized and instructed class, but for having in time renounced their own principles of poverty and isolation, in some cases going back to the city where they chased the power of the church, and the prince, and the king, making them appear as the very same thing. But also generating other, assumed to us, typological version-- the monastery palace. El Escorial is standing now as its first example built, widespread to other monarchies throughout the 16th and 17th century. This plan composes a complex program rigidly subject to the rules of symmetry with completely different activities, with a palace connected to the church in the top. In the axis, and the monastery cloister and the rest of the monastery to the right, and the coat rooms and other multiple activities as a school to the left side. I will not go into the socio-political implications of this typology, I will just mention, I will say the indisputable interest of this new format of the monastery palace as a typological invention, I think-- this beautiful image is a German monastery. It's a monstrous hybrid and a third version of the mixed-use that also a typology that will give way to surprising new formulations in the first decades of the 19th century, when palaces and monasteries became references of the revolutionary ideas of the social condenser and the campus university that the French and the American revolutions propel. Let's compare now these two circles of the monastery in this revolutionary period, comparing the contributions of Thomas Jefferson and Charles Fourier. Between 1819 and 1826, Thomas Jefferson, whose architectural skills are without a doubt-- designed and built the University of Virginia-- mostly all of you know-- started the boat to a secularized and contemplative life in search of knowledge of which we all know its success and reproduction throughout the US and the world, for example, here, in Harvard. Jefferson proposed a well-known distribution of pavilions around a central lawn hidden by a building that contains the most symbolical collective activities and leaving its other extreme open towards the natural landscape-- unfortunately enclosed nowadays by new buildings, which is a pity. It it's impossible not to relate this typological scheme to the variation that we have seen, the monastery type illuminated by the Cartusians, in which each monk had its own house and culture, and in which all the composition becomes [INAUDIBLE] around a central courtyard or garden headed by the church and farther, surrounded by a city of minor patios. I'm not aware of whether Jefferson-- I was asking and no one was able to respond me-- whether Jefferson ever alluded to this typological similitude between the two models, or if he had visited in France any Cartusian monastery. What I'm interested in, is in its formal and functional analogies-- formally while the typological scheme is maintained, its Gothic language, this appears in favor of the palladian, secularized language then meaning enlightenment, a new civil culture. Functionally, Jefferson reproduces the isolation of the monks in this model with pavilions dedicated to each specific discipline, and a professor living the upper floor, teaching this matter in the lower rooms, where the students, as the new converts, were located in the perimeter-- close, but separated of the inner ring. It's not a secret that American universities have inherited the model of the medieval monastery. Even today, in multiple aspects related to our rule life, from the language of academic hierarchies, provost, dean, chair, lecturer-- all those come from there-- all the way to the regalia that we wear during the commencement, or the tight class schedule that organizes [INAUDIBLE] metrically our day today. So no one of these routines that I have been talking about as strengths are foreign to us and to our daily lives, both of professors as monks, and the students as converts, dedicated to a secularized knowledge. In his excellent book, Biologic Evolution in France, published in 1939 by Emile Durkheim, he concludes-- it is a notorious fact that among all the medieval institutions, universities remain today being the closest to their original formulation. I just mention this to frame the close relationship of this lecture with all of us, somehow subjects and objects at the same time of it. So the European idea of phalanstery is firmly rooted in the ideas of utopian socialism reacting towards the impact that the modes of industrial production had on the quality of life of the working class, and also against the bourgeois style of life, completely indifferent to a situation that demanded changes. Charles Fourier, as many other social critics, saw this situation as an opportunity to propose a radically new subject, as well as a new prototype, the phalanstery, whose name clearly alludes to its lineage-- fusion of phalanx, troop, or army, phalanxes, and monastery. We are, by the way in 1822, contemporary to Jefferson's scheme and six decades before The Gay Science was published. The phalanstery means an alternative to the modes of production promoting differentiation of the whole structure as a comparative. It's a new idea, and to the family unit permitted but not needed or promoted. For Fourier, just as for the Benedictine monks, happiness was at the core of his proposal. This time, it was an earthly happiness, and a happiness for all, both collective and individual, based in a better organization of labor forces and their time freed. But for cultivating culture, but also passions and instinctive life. Their frustration considered the chaos of all problems. It's a kind of pre-psychological idea. This vision-- for the first time in this lineage-- includes women in equality to men. The invention of the term feminism is actually attributed to Fourier. And fold a libertarian and anarchist theory serving as inspiration for different attempts to materialize the phalanstery, all the way to the hippies communities of the '60s. The phalanstery means an alternative to the most [INAUDIBLE], promoting the organization of the whole structure as a comparative, and to the family unit, permitted but not needed or promoted. For Fourier, just as for the Benedict monks, happiness was at the core of this idea-- sorry-- but we should not fool ourselves. The phalanstery materialized a way of life just as a ruled and metrically organized as the most structured of the medieval rules and orders, of which it actually copies many of its guidelines, including some way, surprisingly, the organization in two social classes, just like the medieval monks and the converts did, divided for their different social status. You can see that the organization is really obsessive. Fourier proposes a community of around 1,600 inhabitants. A lot of people, no? The symmetry of the overall composition actually hides a highly organized [INAUDIBLE], with kids occupying lateral wings, educated in Libertarian ideas. The kitchen and the refectory socialize, and the center of the composition again dedicated to art and knowledge, as in Thomas Jefferson's scheme. And the agricultural industrial programs are outside in front of the phalanstery in a composition that could be seen as a new St. Gall plan, although the phalanstery to a large extent, follows the aforementioned tendency that associate monastic and palatial life in huge structures. Now the keen substitute by individuals that aspire to a social happiness that melds work and passions. Strange combination. There is also the utopia for a full controlled environment. A utopia that is the expression of the contemporary development of hot house, greenhouses, and stoves. So at the beginning of the 19th century, we see two different paths in the evolution of the monastery typology, the mixed-use. Its replication as a model for the revolutionary universities emphasizes the knowledge component, and the isolation of the cenobitic life, while the European social condenser focuses in the organization of alternative communities in search of a productive ecological and psychological success, individual and collective. This second trend finds its materialization in the [INAUDIBLE], with the construction of the [INAUDIBLE] but one century after that-- I mean after ideas for Fourier. It's a grandiose, with a, now, structure measuring one kilometer long, dedicated to massive social housing, organized around a series of courtyards divided with maternity clinics, health insurance offices, laundries, kindergartens, up to about 25 different amenities. The composed and exuberant demonstration of the power of the working class occasionally used more as a fortress than as a palace when the Nazis were occupying the city. But the social condition gave its more interesting examples after the Russian Revolution, no doubt-- radical ideas of labor communes and an egalitarian society governed by neither the family unit nor by the divine order, produced some built examples, like the Narkomfin building of Ginzburg and Milinis. Well-known. Or the Textile Institute of Ivan Nikolaev, in which the factory becomes the equivalent of the church in monastic typologies. It's another incredible type. Not surprisingly, the rule of the communist social condenser, de comuna, becomes again an essential part of its typological definition. Similarly to the rules of monastic life, and this is a kind of mantra in this lecture, life in the community is chronometic-- in this case, driven by the fetishism of industrial production and by the adoption of tailorized ideas. In its time, the decomposition into minimum units that arrived to two or three minutes, which is schizophrenic, I would say. The new comuna subject with his/ her family given to the state and realized individually through his/ her dedication to a mechanized work will find a collective happiness in this world, but in a promised future that depends on his/ her efficient work in the present and on the state planning. This idea-- whatever we think about it-- found it own St. Gall plan in the magnificent-- it's a magnificent project-- for the communal house designed by Mikhail Barshch and Vladimir Vladimirov in 1929. Its two linear buildings, curiously composed in a cross shape, divided 200 meters by 200 meters block in four open patios. The crossing of this extremely thin volumes, result of the yearning for light and ventilation divides the program in a north-south residential part composed by individual cells of nine square meters each. A collective refectory as well as other services in the ground floor. And this thin spine cross while the other is west, linear structure that provides schools for the kids in the left side, west orientation, and programs dedicated to the leisure time and re-education of the worker in the other. The fetishes of the assembly line is not only present in the extreme thinness of the slabs. It reaches its paroxysm in the refectory-- you see the image in the center, in which a mechanized system for the distribution of plates, similar to the travelator used in Japanese restaurants today, reinforces-- you see the arrow, the movement-- reinforces its linear organization. I have to say that the beauty of this stylized project and its faith in the rule-type material culture protocol adapted to the idea of a communist happiness-- adapted to the idea of a communist happiness-- shows us almost a caricature of modern times. [INAUDIBLE] here. Symptomatic of the volatile condition of our time, and in particular the political agendas of the 20th century, with experiments that would have interested little, or very little, to a Nietzsche, whose belief in the construction of a new individual, the Superman, was far removed from a socialized understanding of education and much closer to an individualistic conception centered in the interior struggles of a contemplative life. We can connect here with the table I propose inter-office once again-- pay attention exclusively to the other mode of social condenser, the capitalist mixed-use, a product, in many ways, of the Cold War-- rule by benefits, consumerism, and technological exhibition. And organized in vertical strata to minimize land values repercussion. Its verticality, substantial with a type, the [INAUDIBLE] new design technique, based in organizing the section, instead of the plan as an adjustment of the gradients of privacy between the flows of people in the street and the demand of maximum isolation in the residential units located in the top. To define the subject and the rules of this version, we have to follow the flows of international capital investment and the flows of real estate data, painting with precision the portrait of its post-modernist character, not the Superman anymore, but the super-affluent, or the super-rich, secluded in his/ her golden tower, in gigantic cells fortified against any kind of otherness, as JD Ballard explained in his novel, High Rise, of 1975, now transformed in a curious and interesting film. An idea that has its own St. Gall in the New York City Waldorf Astoria, finished in 1931, as its more interesting outcome. A refined, residential hotel as the capitalist alternative version of the comuna. But this is not the whole truth. Today, and by the hand of well-known architects, or [INAUDIBLE] and some other, there are approaches that experiment with interesting results the potential inherent to this type [INAUDIBLE] architectural formulation of its social urban, and mythological implications. We have some examples here that I have used also as monsters that explain the interest of these new types. This beautiful building finished a very few weeks ago. In all cases, we see the organizational reference is transferred to the section. In our own office, [INAUDIBLE] has contributed to this research and is dealing now with work that has [INAUDIBLE] urban and material complexes, presented very recently in this room in the context of the Heliomorphism conference, so I'm not repeating myself, I'm just showing, this is a university campus, by the way, in Paris, another university campus in Weihai. As a professor at the GSD, I have proposed to students protocols that speculate with the vertical mixed-use, applying the design techniques that introduce basic thermodynamic principles splitting in two the design process. A first phase where the organization of the projects focuses exclusively in conceiving them as thermal engines, using program as a combination of heat sources and sinks. And working with equation for matter flow to manage climate, material, and social cultural specificities. This moment this is what we call monsters that are essentially aphoristic, to use the language of this lecture-- provocations that help to forget cliches and open the door to a second phase with a focused transfer to the students that need to identify individual researchers to confront critically the inconsistencies, redundancies, and excess of the first phase. Some different examples. This part of the exhibition in Berlin, as this one too, beautiful, floating, golden globe. So, to close-- I'm closing, be quiet. Where are we in this tale about the long lineage of the medieval monasteries conducted by Nietzsche as our Master of Ceremonies? What do we know? Honestly, it's very difficult to say, and first of all, it's very difficult to use the rhetorical we to respond to this question. Although this is not a historical or political lecture, I am-- I think it's obvious-- I am interested in the ideological differences and the methodological similarities of the mixed-use lineage a long time. This is the rule and all these obsessions. They fix it in the description of the subject and the definition of the millimetrically of the life of each one. They all appear as counter models of their predecessors, the monastery, phalanstery, the campus, the communal, that capitalism mixed-use, all reverse the main purposes of the previous but contain similar outcomes or methods that reveal a trend. I would say that Nietzsche was right. We can learn from them if we understand them as counter models. I see beauty in the search for knowledge of all of them. I see that. They are about innovation, type and prototype, new ways of life, I would say technologies of the self, material culture, technology, knowledge, and they produce drawings, lots of beautiful drawings. But I do not see their beauty as something I or we can feel comfortable with. It is there that I conclude my lecture without neat conclusions, leaving them as a choice up to each of you, like a French film of the '60s or '70s-- and it's like, open. With a deep gratefulness for having let me serve as the chair of the Department of Architecture for these past two years and for still being tied to a school that is faithful to the university principles of dedication towards knowledge and respectful towards the individuality and diversity of each one of us-- teachers and students, monks and converts, thank you very much. [APPLAUSE] Thank you. [APPLAUSE] I mean you are all so positive and so wonderful. I don't know whether it's just good to end with a clap, or I think we should probably have a moment for some questions. I think there are so many moments of provocation that I think it would be great if there are some questions that you would like to ask. Maybe I can just start with a simple query-- no, no it would be very simple. No, I promise. No, I think at the beginning, it would be-- it's very interesting the inter-relationship between Nietzsche and the aphorism and the kind of the statement of Nietzsche, and then the history of the monasteries. And while you are going through that, like three-quarters of the talk, there is a very clear relationship between spatial practice, the spaces, and the life, and the life of the monks. And even when you get to the point of the university, the parallel between university life, the life of study, and so on, is very consistent. As we start coming more towards contemporary practice, with the idea of the monster-- at least to me, the concept of life is more ambiguous. Because it's not as clear as the practice of the monks, and so I am very interested in what happens. What is now the relationship between the spatial and the life that is, for example, suggested, insinuated, by the monster? Is there a moment at which there is some kind of a disjunction that happens, that kind of coherence, that sort of consistency of monastic life is disappearing? Are you proposing a new kind of good life? What is the relationship between architecture and life in this latter part in the last kind of 10 minutes of the lecture? It's not simple. I knew it was not going to be simple. This is the first response. I agree with you that apparently this idea of dissolves itself, I don't think it's dissolve-- by the way, I think that its unformulated. I think that we live as monks-- not we students, everyone. I mean, we are under many powers that control our life in ways that we don't perceive so well. I mean there is a lot of philosophical and critical social critiques on the way we live nowadays. So I think that not being formulated doesn't mean that it doesn't exist. I think it exists in a more perverse way. This is the first response I have. For me, the second comment-- that they can-- I cannot invent or generalize, or I don't even pretend to do that, this isn't possible nowadays. But I think that it's interesting to pay attention to this. I mean these people are really-- as the Greeks, by the way-- I mean, this comes from the Greeks, this comes from Aristotle [INAUDIBLE] people-- so it existed previously. This idea, there's a moment in philosophy, and in the practice of life, and there were two ways to work with yourself-- know yourself was one thing. That was the logo, the motto that the church took and created the monasteries. And the other one is take care of yourself, which is the wonderful example Foucault, in Technologies of the Self, insists that this is a tradition that we have lost through the religious tradition. And that, in a way, he was much more interested in. And how this other thing is happening nowadays, and how much it is repressed by many of the systems that control our everyday life. So I think that in-- my interest, the studio is subjects, it begins with subjects. My interest is to rescue, in a way, the discussion on the subject of who we are, which are the people that we want to really give a kind of interesting quality of life. What is quality of life for us? I would love to have a crystal ball and be the prophet of this new society. I'm not. I mean, for sure. But I think that posing the question and making it again an architectural question is relevant. And this is why I have bored you with all this talk. No, so the idea that it's not that something that we live like this. We can construct our lives. It's obvious. It comes from many traditions, and only through this constant, we can construct an interesting architecture, an architecture that can produce knowledge. no one knows what is knowledge, by the way, but everyone understand what it means. I don't know if I have responded. Can I? Jorge, just wait one second so that you can get the mic. Thanks. No, Mohsen asked a question and I was going to ask another one, and I think they converge. First of all, let me say that-- thank you very much for this splendid lecture, and if you consider this lecture boring, I'm glad you didn't give an entertaining lecture. Because we'll be a really exhausted. It was quite spectacular in the way you tie so many things together. But following up on what was just discussed-- I was just wondering. And I think it converges with Mohsen in a certain way. At what point-- that very, very important point you made at the beginning of the connection of this mode of life and this relationship to space, to architecture-- that it was so tied to the productive landscape around is lost, and whether that may be as one of the explanations of what's Mohsen asking. Because it is obviously somehow-- just by looking at the slides and what some of the footnotes were, it seems to me that in the 19th century that begins to be lost. Provided with industrialization and with the growth of population, I guess, when you begin to have larger communities. And, obviously, the skyscraper makes it almost very, very different-- suddenly, the relationship to the land, it becomes something else. Yeah. I want to just comment something on this, is that I think that the land is interesting in economic and ecologic terms, which are always the same or at least etymologically. And I see it-- when I saw these engravings, and I thought, my God, these guys knew. They knew how to survive. It was a very well-organized. I immediately thought about all these [INAUDIBLE] or green utopias, of the green skyscraper, blah, blah-- that we have seen in these last decades. Now they are fading away. But 10 years ago, they were rising. And you know that things go like this in architectural terms. And I had always had a kind of interest in that, I have an archive with a lot of them-- all very ugly, by the way. But I think that they were pointing to a good idea. But they were unable to organize them in vertical structures. Because of the land. You can have some cultivation, some products but that kind of a self-sufficient entity cannot mean needs surface. And there are many calculations, and if you google about green skyscrapers, there are many calculations that saw the impossibility of having a self-sufficient city without accounting, because of the density, the need of expansion. Even with hydroponics and everything like this, there is an impossibility of becoming green, really green, or ecologically green, if you don't have that kind of expansion. But I think that the idea of the-- let's say the mix of natural and artificial architectural and landscape or just farming features is still something that will need to be developed. And will obtain some interesting developments in the near future. I think that the more the confidence grows about it-- I mean the lack of resources, et cetera-- the more the inventiveness will bring solutions to this. And I think that is kind of an interesting point. The monster began being an interesting idea for me, yes putting together these two ideas, a kind of elements that relate with the discipline of landscape and the elements that relate with the discipline of architecture, both of them fighting and trying to create a unity, but all of them organized vertically. This is something that some people-- I remember [INAUDIBLE] that made a beautiful, a number of beautiful gadgets, I would say, that was one of the best things that they have produced, probably. Because it was really provocative. There are some moments that you could see that there was a potential integration of this problem in the vertical construction. But this is still too far away, I think. Any other? John. John? Maybe here in the front row. Iñaki, I wonder if-- there was a moment in your genealogy, where you-- there seemed to be almost a split in the genealogy that you maybe unintentionally glossed over and I wonder if you could expand on it, where there were the daily rituals and the daily routines of the monastery went from being primarily organized through communal spaces to one in which all of those communal activities were deeply atomized. And you emphasized even so far as a prohibition of speech and a vow of silence, right? And it seems to me, picking up on Jorge's point, and Mohsen's point, that I wonder if that break-- if there isn't something in that connection? Because obviously the most pronounced critique of the cell, of the concept of the cell, in our contemporary discourse is from Sloterdijk, right? Where he refers to it as a sort of form of co-isolation, and the modern condominium as a kind of expression of that. And I wonder if there isn't something in that-- if there isn't something to be learned in the mixed-use model from that division that doesn't lead us back into sort of nostalgic models of communal living, maybe from the early 20th century. But maybe you could expand on that and that that moment of almost privatization. In very practical terms, I don't have a clear solution. But I see that the composition of small groups of people divided into groups, not by class, as in this case, but by other for example, expertise or age, can really give way to communities that are more interesting than just those ones that are based in the social class. There are many attempts I think in Europe are growing-- I don't know, in the States, of communities that are put together people, very young people, that are normally, let's say leftists, or green guys, that are interested in having their farms et cetera In the city and houses for the elderly that create a kind of interest in accommodation and sharing things. The young ones have children that others care when they go out. There is a kind of interesting possibility of creating new societies that are not that conventional and that produce-- they can produce knowledge. They can produce more intensity of life. And I'm interested in these kind of combinations of very two different things and see how they operate together. I don't have any other response. The whole idea of-- I like the idea of establishing attention among needing and wanting to share something and needing and wanting to be isolated. I think this is radically modern. This is why the monasteries survive, either way, without going to other typologies. But this is why I see interest in this, even in the Communist comuna that in a way frightens you a lot, but at the same time has a lot of sense. I mean you are not alone. There are all the things are-- I mean you can really belong to something, but at the same time, retain your individuality. I don't know. Iñaki, thank you. This was a wonderful, wonderful lecture. From your lecture there's two things that-- maybe also associated with this question about land-- one is a new understanding about pleasure. Pleasure, as associated with being close to God, being close to a certain internalization, when we know that after the 19th century, particularly if we think about the pleasure grounds that became part of the civic network of the city. So on one hand, the garden, the interior garden becomes the park, becomes the civic infrastructure. So there is a externalization of this interior world that becomes accessible to all. So I'm wondering if there's-- how can we imagine pleasure being redefined or re-inserted on this conversation? And second one is-- if the monster also becomes a way to engage the city, to engage the civic realm, in which you're not talking just about agriculture production but actually about landscape as a civic network? I think that Giorgio Agamben is treating this topic now. There's an amazing book that is called Altissima Poverta-- Highest Poverty, which I recommend everyone that is crazy with monasteries could, should read this. I didn't want to enter into the Franciscans, but I think that in the Franciscans, and in the idea of extreme poverty, they-- it was not a kind of poetic, hippie thing. It was based in the legal frame that still maintain control of the monasteries. And they wanted to become as animals without any kind-- any kind of-- they had nothing. They were animals. So being like this, you were not a [INAUDIBLE] person. You are just a life entity that is like an animal or vegetal or whatever. And this was the technique-- I mean it's very crazy. But I think that they really defined idea of a religious pleasure. They were really the ones that made an improvement in religion in the 15th and 16th century. And what-- we now have a pope that is Franciscan, by the way, and this apart-- I think that it's always-- obviously you have all the sensual pleasures that all of us love, and me the first. But there is-- I think that this is obvious. But I think that the idea that talk has is this other way to think about pleasure, to be able to contrast this kind of, let's say, immediate place of understanding with one that is more elaborated and that produces the satisfaction-- the care of yourself, again, that the Greeks were pushing and Foucault insists that is something that we have missed. I think that this is-- I am not a philosopher. I'm not anything. I'm just someone that is-- I am an aficionado of many things. And I think that this is the path where-- this can be a kind of personal confession. But I think this is the moment when you feel that you are doing what you wanted to do, and you studied to do, and it produces an immense pleasure. And it doesn't happen every day, by the way. Happens very few moments, but I think the intensity is much more important than other intensities. This is something that in a way response, partially, and the other thing is the monster-- the monster is everything and nothing. Is The monster is always combining things, landscape. It's obvious. And in fact, I think, for example, the Atlanpole, which is a beautiful thing, this, what, super muscular-- not the Hans Kollhoff organism with all these things. In a way, its beauty, he said-- I remember in those years, Hans Kollhoff was an amazing guy. He was super smart and was producing beautiful things. I don't know what has happened with him in the last years. But he was saying that the whole idea of the Atlanpole was to retire from the city, to go to the other side of the river. I think it was located in Nantes, in France, the project and to create a kind of otherness, a replica of the city that was other city. And that was really enjoying the landscape and forming part of the landscape. This is an example. Any last questions from the students or anybody up there? Yes? He's not a student, but he can ask a question. Please, go ahead. Can you wait for the mic? Could you comment on postmodern capitalism from the point of view of monsters, like the CCTV tower, or the World Trade Center, or some of the globalization styles, which are sort of the ultimate consolidation of power, which used to be a function of the church but now as a function of capital. Well. You have a person now that could speak very well about this topic. [LAUGHTER] I mean all my interest in the mixed-use comes from the commercial mixed-use. So I'm not ambiguous about that. I think that we live in a society that is driven by money, and that it produces very consistent things, very consistent, and very disastrous things. And so we have to negotiate with it. And I learn a lot from commercial buildings. Tower and Office is basically about commercial buildings. I mean commercial offices, et cetera, et cetera And the pragmatism that you see in those buildings is something that you in no way have to interiorize if you want to survive in this world. I mean as an architect, so there is a kind of lesson in that, or a technique in that that I appreciate. Then there are the extremes. And extreme capitalism is-- what? Is where we are going, which is dangerous, everyone knows. But at the same time it produces always a reaction. And we are seeing the reaction, we like it or not, we are seeing the reaction, the consequences of maximizing the differences, social differences-- this is obvious, in terms of wars and terrorism and other things. And so I think that these extreme manifestations of capitalism are-- how can I say-- apocalyptic in the sense that the announce not the best things that we should expect. So I prefer just to work with the practices of the different societies that are in the market-- to work with in terms of a field of study, case studies. But I'm not interested in these demonstrations of super powers. I don't think they are interesting for an architect. This is my-- they are interesting socially and in other terms, culturally, and critically. But for me, I'm not interested. Iñaki, thank you very much for a wonderful lecture. [APPLAUSE] And for everything you've done. [APPLAUSE] Thank you.

Welcome to the brand new episode of Mythbusters My last three videos were about DC and I think most of you freaked out so this one is for fans of both the universe let's aim for 7000 likes, I know it's a bit too much but let's see what happens if you are new here, make sure to subscribe and without any further ado let's begin Myth Number 1:- Storm once lifted Mjolnir in comics, which she got from Loki This Myth is confirmed once she got transported to Asgard and Loki gave her a hammer similar to Mjolnir Known as Stormcaster and it had an enchantment similar to Mjolnir Myth Number 2:- New Asgard is in Norway and Norway is also teased too many times in MCU this Myth is confirmed New Asgard is in Tonesberg, as suggested by this board and Tonesberg is a town in Norway and the place where Odin died in Thor Ragnarok, is also in Norway also the place where we saw tesseracr for the first time is in Tonesberg if you want to submit myths, make sure it is unique....so watch this video till the end so this is not a Myth but a question, asked by you frequently Why Dr.Strange didn't opened a portal from Q-ship to Earth so, the pilot of Q-Ship died and to travel back to earth Strange asked for Tony's help instead of asking him for help, he could have just used his sling ring to open a portal to earth the reason why he didn;t used a portal is that he must know the Pick up and drop location to open a portal he imagines both the points and then opens a portal he even used a portal to travel from Titan to Earth but in this case, he was in a moving object and in this kind of situation it is not possible for him to open a portal Q-ship was moving at good pace now some people will say that, even the earth is moving earth's speed does not affect us, but the relative speed of Q-ship was much greater Myth Number 3:- Thanos is Inspired by Darkseid and Deadpool is inspired by Deathstroke Absolutely right! , Thanos is copied from Darkseid even Marvel and the creator of Thanos accepts this fact Darkseid is an evil god he wants to rule all the realities he is in search of anti-life equation and he is obsessed to death the motives of Thanos in comics were similar to those of Darkseid's although the depiction of Thanos in movies was much different creator of Thanos, JIm Starlin wanted to copy some other character but Marvel asked him to make a character similar to Darkseid and yes, deadpool is also copied from Deathstroke similar costumes, expert swordsmen so yes, there are similarities but this doesn't means DC never copied any Marvel character Myth Number 4:- Superman and Wonder Woman are Immortal this Myth is busted Superman died too many times in comics and even in Batman v Superman therefore, Superman is mortal Wonder Woman is a demigod she cannot die by any natural means, like aging or anything else but many times, other characters killed her in comics Neron killed her in Wonder Woman vol.2 #124 although this death was not permanent, she was resurrected later even Lex Luthor once killed both Superman and Wonder Woman Myth Number 5:- He revealed his identity in movies and comics himself now, let's take a loot at his suit-up scenes to figure out what is this helmet detail Yes, he always wears his suit first and then helmet at last and while removing the suit he removes helmet first maybe this is the process of using the suit although this cannot be a coincidence because, this happened in almost every scene thanks for this cool detail so this myth is confirmed Myth Number 6:- Ten rings are more powerful than Infinity Stones This Myth is busted Ten are very useful and they have unlimited features, a person with ten rings is capable of doing many tasks ten rings gives superpowers like, telepathy, electricity manipulation, deal with sub atomic particles, fire beams but all this can be done with the help of infinity stones as well the Infinity Stones are powerful enough to wipe out the entire population of this Universe so Ten rings are not even close to Infinity Stones in terms of power so, by comparing their functions I think they are not powerful than Infinity Stones Myth Number 7:- this myth is confirmed in Civil War one, Spiderman revealed his identity on a national tv broadcast and told everyone that he is Spider-Man since he was 15 Myth Number 8:- Let's consider his physical strength after wearing the gauntlet, his physical strength decreases because of the energy released by the stones even though he is so strong, it's not easy for him to absorb the energy released by the stones This is why he looked stronger in Endgame even without the gauntlet No gauntlet means, more physical strength Myth Number 10:- I do not have a full proof source to prove whether this myth is confirmed or not but we have seen in the movies how Thor got more and more stronger with age even now he is not at his peak, he will grow much stronger in future this is what we call experience, along with experience he explored himself and discovered his true powers and potential I don't know if this ever happened in the comics or not if you have an answer then please mention it in the comment box Myth Number 11:- This myth is busted, coz this never happened in the comics Aquaman's personality is much similar to Thor Both of them are arrogant & best warriors, so maybe Aquaman is worthy but DC's other characters like Superman and Wonder Woman lifted Mjolnir in a crossover Myth Number 12:- this myth is confirmed once someone becomes worthy, Mjolnir considers him his master and Mjolnir hates staying away from it's master if Master call Mjolnir and the will power of Master and Mjolnir is very strong then Mjolnir will rip apart any planet to reach it's master Thor himself confirmed this in a comic issue when he was fighting a sea monster in the middle of an ocean LIKE, SHARE, SUBSCRIBE....see you in the next one

Turkish: Merhaba! Parti? gelemiyorum çünkü arkadaş hasta İkiniz de benimle gelin o nereye gitti English: Hello! Party? no buddy shaby is ill You both come with me Hindi: नमस्कार! पार्टी? नहीं, मैं नहीं आ सकता क्योंकि मित्र बीमार है आप दोनों मेरे साथ आते हैं वह कहाँ गया है

First we're going to look at a protocol that's not quite TLS. This'll give you a basic idea of how TLS works, but there is some vulnerability in the protocol, which we'll talk about fixing next. Here's our client, which is typically a web browser, and a our server, which is a web server. The first step in the protocol is the client connects to the server, sending a message "hello" --without the exclamation point. It also sends information about what ciphers it is able to use. Different versions of browsers will have different ciphers implemented. The server and the client need to agree on a particular server The client will also send a list of the ciphers and the hash functions that it has implemented. Different browsers will have different ciphers implemented. It's up to the client and server to agree on the one to use. In the second step, the server responds. That response includes several things. It will pick the cipher and the hash function to use. Those'll be selected from the list that the client sent based on the ones the server can use. It should pick the strongest ones that are acceptable to both. It also sends a certificate. What that certificate is is something that gives the public key of the server to the client in a way that the client can trust it. What's in the certificate is the domain, the name of the server, as well as its public key. There is some other information like expiration times--these certificates expire. The important thing about the certificate is that it's signed by a certificate authority. We'll talk more about certificates later, but the important thing the certificate does is give the client access to the servers public key in a way that the client can trust it. The next step is for the client to verify the certificate. Since the certificate is signed by the private key of some certificate authority, that means the client needs the corresponding public key to verify the signature. The client also extracts the public key from that certificate. The next thing the client will do is select a random number-- some random value that will be used to generate the session key. In the third step the client wants to send back that random value to the server, but in a way that's secure. Let's make that a quiz to see if you can figure out how to do that. The question is how should the client securely send the random value to the server. Check the best answer from the list below.

English: Huh, all right so um... Welcome to Saiman Says everybody. So in my last video I tried to, Make a funny video and I tried to get PewDiePie's attention while I was here in UK. I thought I could meet him I thought it would be a wonderful experience for me to come to the UK and meet PewDiePie right but I should have known better I'm a 200k subscribers youtuber and he is the world's biggest youtuber, I mean why would he meet me right? This is so sad that I could not meet PewDiePie, but I found a suitable replacement guys. So um, everybody please welcome... Poppy Gloria here THE BEST SOURCE OF NEWS Thank you for inviting me Saiman Says. That's right. I'm with Saiman Says Is that your channel name?. *skrattas uncontrollably* That's right, I work with Saiman Says now instead. We've got matching shades as well Frick you PewDiePie Now that the joke is over. I don't want to ruin this moment guys. Um, I'm with PewDiePie It's me everyone that's right. Spanish: Huh, bien...eh Bienvenidos a "Saiman Says". En mi ultimo video intenté hacer un video graciso y llamar la atencion de PewDiePie mientras estaba en Reino Unido, pensaba conocerlo... Sería una gran experiencia para mi venir a Reino Unido y conocer a PewDiePie, pero me equivoque Soy... un canal con 200K suscriptores y él el mas grande. ¿Porque querría conocerme? Es muy triste no poder conocer a PewDiePie, pero encontre un sustituto, denle la bienvenida... aqui Poppy Gloria. Gracias por invitarme a "Saiman Says". Asi es, estoy con Simon. Trabajo con "Saiman Says" ahora. Incluso tenemos los mismo anteojos... Ahora que acabó el chiste, no quiero arruinar este momento..Estoy aqui con PewDiePie. Hindi: हुह, सब ठीक है तो उम्म साइमन केहता में आपका स्वागत है। इसलिए अपने आखिरी वीडियो में मैंने कोशिश की एक मजेदार वीडियो बनाओ और मैंने यूके में रहने के दौरान प्यूडीपाई का ध्यान आकर्षित करने की कोशिश की। मुझे लगा कि मैं उससे मिल सकता हूं मुझे लगा कि मेरे लिए यूके आना और प्यूडीपiई से मिलना सही अनुभव होगा, लेकिन मुझे बेहतर पता होना चाहिए था मैं हूँ 200k सब्सक्राइबर यूट्यूबर आप दुनिया के सबसे बड़े यूट्यूबर हैं इसलिए आप मुजसे क्यों मिलेंगे? यह बहुत दुखद है कि मैं प्यूडीपiई से नहीं मिल सका, लेकिन मुझे एक उपयुक्त प्रतिस्थापन वाले लोग मिले। तो उम, आप सभी का स्वागत है ... यहाँ पोस्ता ग्लोरिया मुझे आमंत्रित करने के लिए धन्यवाद साइमन । ये सही है। मैं साइमन के साथ हूं मैं इसके बजाय अब साइमन के साथ काम करता हूं। हमें मैचिंग शेड्स भी मिले हैं सौंदर्यीकरण अब खत्म हो गया है। मैं इस पल को दोस्तों बर्बाद नहीं करना चाहता। उम, मैं प्यूडीपiई के साथ हूं Polish: Hindi: सब लोग, यह सही है। अरे, आपको बस इतना करना है कि मुझे बाहर बुलाओ और मैं वाहा मिलूंगा हाँ, बस ब्राइटन मे आओ एक मजेदार वीडियो बनाओ गाना बजाओ,और मैं यहाँ आता हूँ तो, उम बात यह है कि मैंने कभी नहीं सोचा था कि ऐसा होगा इसलिए मेरे मन में कुछ भी नहीं है तुमने कहा कि तुम मेरे लिए स्नैक्स लाए हो, हाँ लेकिन ऐसा सिर्फ वीडियो की सामग्री के लिए था मुझे लगता है मेरे पास हैI स्नैक्स के लिए यहाँ एमिली है मेरे पास है एक अच्छा कुरकुरा खाखरा मैं जीरा सोडा के बारे में कितना उत्सुक हूँ, इसलिए हमारे यहाँ कुछ खाखरा है। ओह अच्छा बहुत खस्ता मुझे माफ कर दो। यह थोड़ा टेढ़ा है क्योंकि मैं यात्रा कर रहा था तुम्हारी हिम्मत कैसे हुई, तुमने मेरे खाखरा को टेढ़ा किया यह भेल है ठीक है, बिल्कुल।परंतु यह मैगट की तरह दिखता है English: All you have to do is call me out and I'll be here Yeah, just come to Brighton make a funny video. Do the ritual. Yeah. Play the song. Yeah. I'll be here. Awkward hand shake v2 skrattar YEAH! behind the scenes So, um the thing is I never thought this would happen so I do not have anything in mind You said you would have snacks for me. I have, but like that was just for content I-I do I do have them- I do have them. I'm only here for the snacks Bhel Soan papdi Nice crispy khakhra for you Bhakarwadi I also got some jeera soda So we have some khakhra over here This is khakra Oh nice. Khakra Very crispy. I'm sorry it's a bit crumbled because I was traveling for 2 weeks How dare you crumble my khakra Ah! this is bhel Ah, Bhel of course yes It looks like maggots I have jeera soda. It's much better than G-Fuel PewDiePie. This is soda? Yeah Polish: Spanish: Asi es. Hey, todo lo que tienen que hacer es retarme y estaré... Si, solo vengan a Brighton, hagan un video chistoso, hagan el ritual. Si, pongan la cancion y ahí estare-- Bien, la verdad nunca pensé que este momento pasaría, asi que no tengo nada preparado. Dijiste que tendrias Snacks para mi. - Si, pero era solo contenido. Y si los tengo. - Solo estoy aqui por los Snacks "Soan Papdi", unas crujientes "Khakra"...Bhakarwai ..."Jeera Soda". Tengo aqui "Khakra". - Oh genial, "Khakra". Lo siento si esta un poco rota y despedazada Como te atreves a romper mi "Khakra" Esto es "Bhel"... "Bhel" claro...parecen gusanos Polish: English: Better than G-Fuel? I don't think so. Uhh, ooh. Oh this is Bhakarwadi but it's very spicy. Oh really? Maybe I'll try. Where is the scissors Ah shit, where is the scissors You forgot the scissors? I have the scissors Can i just open it? You can? No See I'm not even indian Guys PewDiePie's tasting Bhakarwadi Bhakaroo? Bhakarwadi Bhakar wadi Bakawedi? Yeah, perfect. Yeah. Ahahaha *crunch* mmm Yeah I like it Are you sure? it's kind of cinnamony It's like a... dry Kanelbulle As you say in Sweden Oh, I don't know what that is but yeah. When you come to Sweden, I'll give you some Kanelbulle I like that it's spicy. It's good right? Yeah! Really? Yeah. I like it If it wasn't good, I would just leave I will rate them... Hindi: और मेरे पास एक जीरू सोडा है। यह जी फ्यूल से काफी बेहतर है प्यूडीपीई ओह, मुझे ऐसा नहीं लगता। यह भाखरवड़ी है लेकिन यह बहुत मसालेदार है। क्या सच मे? शायद मैं कोशिश करूँगा मेरे पास कैंची है क्या आप कर सकते हैं देखो मैं भारतीय भी नहीं हूँ दोस्तों प्यूडीपiई भाकरवड़ी को चख रहा है भाकरवाड़ी हाँ, एकदम सही मुझे यह पसंद आइI क्या आपको यकीन है कि यह दालचीनी की तरह है? यह एक सूखी केनी की तरह है ओह, मुझे नहीं पता कि वह क्या है। लेकिन हाँ जब आप स्वीडन आयेंगे Spanish: Y tengo "Jeera Soda" es mucho mejor que G-FUEL. - Esto es Soda? Mejor que G-FUEL? No lo creo. Esto es "Bhakarwadi" es bien picante. - En serio? Quizas lo pruebe. Tengo, tengo las tijeras. Lo ves? y ni siquiera soy Indio. Chicos, PewDiePie probará "Bhakarwadi". - Bakaro...Bakaro... Baka Wedy? - Si perfecto. (mentira) Yeah, me gusta Seguro? - Si, sabe a canela. Es como una wea sueca. Oh, no se que será eso pero... - Cuando vayas a Suecia te daré.. (esa wea sueca) English: 4/5 indian, *clap* snacks, *clap* review snack review Oh yeah, you have edgar over here as well? That's right Hi Do you want a snack Edgar? I really like these, do you want one mmm *crunch* It is nice right? Yeah. You want to try this ? Yeah. *chuckles* Indian snacks review. Ay look at that. Damn now I feel the spice, it works up. Yeah. Yeah. MMMM Man India got good snacks This is what we have every morning No. No. Yes, so we have some masala tea chai. Yeah. And then, we have some snacks like this Really? Yes For Breakfast? Yes, most of the time No, no Why? What do you have for breakfast? Like, porridge You eat this for breakfast? I need to get on that Indian life now man. This is good! Do you plan on coming to India? *awkward silence* Polish: Spanish: Me gusta por que es picante. - Seguro? - Si, si fuera malo me voy. Le doy 4/5. - [INDIAN SNACK REVIEW] Aqui está Edgar tambien. - Quieres un snack Edgar?, estan super buenos. Quieres? Quieres probar este? Indian Snack Review. Hey, miren eso. Carajo! ahora siento el picante. Esto es lo que comemos todas las mañanas. Si, tomamos Te de Masala y luego comemos snacks como estos. Si, casi siempre. Que comes de desayuno? - Eh, Avena... Necesito cambiarme al estilo Indio, eh? Tienes planes de ir a India? Hindi: मैं इस भारतीय स्नैक्स को पांच में से चार का रेट दूंगा हमारे यहां भी यह अच्छा है। हाय, क्या आप चाहते हैं कि हम फिर से न मिले? मुझे एहसास होगा अगर तुम चाहो तो हम्म.. आप इसे ट्राय करना चाहते हैं भारतीय स्नैक समीक्षा अरे, वह देखो। अब नहीं। मुझे यह मसालेदार पोर्क चॉप लगता है। हाँ यही हमारी हर सुबह है हाँ, तो हमारे पास कुछ मसाला चाय है, ठीक है, हाँ और फिर हमारे पास कुछ नाश्ते हैं जैसे कि वास्तव में नाश्ते के लिए हाँ हां, ज्यादातर समय आपके पास दलिया जैसे नाश्ते के लिए क्या है?हम नाश्ते में दलिया खा लेते हैं रिकॉर्ड के लिए, मुझे भारतीय जीवन पट्टी पर जाने की आवश्यकता है क्या आप भारत आने की योजना बना रहे हैं? Polish: Hindi: वास्तव में मैं आपके लिए भारत में एक Z स्तर की सुरक्षा के लिए व्यवस्था करूँगा। ठीक है मैं भारत आऊंगा। मैं वहां एक और गाना शूट करूँगा। मेरे रिडेम्पशन गाने एक दुख की बात है मैं माफी चाहता हूं, आप भी गा सकते हैं जैसे यह एक संपूर्ण त्रयी होगी। हाँ यह बात है। वह वास्तव में अच्छा है। मुझे खुशी है कि आपने इसे पसंद किया वे उस आहार का स्वाद नहीं लेते हैं। क्या सही में ? एक अच्छे स्नैक की तरह क्या किया जा रहा है, यह मीठा है यह गरीबी बोया जाता है। यह मीठी बात है - मुझे यह पसंद है। वे ऐसे दिखते हैं वे सॉस तुर्की स्नैक्स की तरह हैं ये नरम की तरह हैं। हाँ वो क्या है? दोस्तों प्यूडीपiई SOAN PAPDI को चख रहा है ये ऐसा क्यों हैं यह स्वीडिश चीज़ की जैसा है, इसका स्वाद क्या है? English: I'll arrange for a Z level security for you here in India, don't worry. Okay, alright that's cool. I'll come to India I'll shoot another song there. My redemption song. It'll be a sad "i'm sorry India" song Like a ballad You can sing too. Like it will be a perfect trilogy. Yeah, that's it. These are really good. I'm glad you liked it. They don't have that much taste. Diet? Is that like- Yes it's diet, it's diet I can see this being like a good snack This is a sweet one This is Soan papdi this is a sweet- I think Marzia would like these They look like uhh, They are like soft - those Turkish snacks. They are like soft - EWW! What is that? PewDiePie's having soan papdi guys. Why are they so mmm! mmm It's like more on the sweet side This tastes like a Swedish thing. What's the flavor? I'm not sure what's the flavor, like So disappointing. Spanish: Si, claro. Iré a India. Grabaré otra cancion allá. Mi canción de redención, será triste. "Lo siento India" será una balada, tu puedes cantar también. La trilogia perfecta. Asi es. - Estan muy buenas - Que bueno que te gusten. No tienen mucho sabor...son de Dieta? - Si, son de... Es un muy buen Snack... - Este es dulce... Esto es "Soap Papdi", es dulce. - Creo que a Marzia le gustarian estas. Son como suaves. - son como snack Turcos. Que es esto? PewDiePie prueba los "Soap Papdi" ¿Porque son tan? Son mas bien dulces. - Si, tienen un sabor Sueco, pero no recuerdo... Spanish: Que decepcion no me acuerdo. - Yo tampoco, no se... Carajo!! No se, sabe a "Pastel de Princesa" solo que mas seco.- Si, es un pastel Sueco. De momentos todos muy buenos snacks, les doy... [Una cara quedama por el sol de 5] - Mira, tengo esta Biblia Sagrada aqui... ¿Para quien la firmo? --con amor... ese eres tu verdad? El niño de polera azul? - Si, si si...yo soy el de polera azul. - Todos aman al niño de polera azul, no como a ese tal Simon. Bien, este es muy raro. Polish: English: I dOn'T KnOw We just have it we don't check the ingredients *Pewds has stopped working* *awkward silence* Goddammit, I don't know what it tastes like it tastes like. It tastes a little bit like princess cake I think if you dried it up Princess cake? Yeah, it's a Swedish cake. So far good snacks. I would rate it... Burning sun in my face out of 5. very nice So I have got this holy bible with me. The holy bible. Uhh, yeah. Sign this sir, please. Okay. What should I sign it for... I love... uhhh. *awkward laughing* That's you right? blue shirt kid right? You have the blue shirt right? Yeah, yeah, yeah. I'm the blue shirt kid. Okay, that's cool 'cause everyone loves blue shirt kid. Not so sure about that Saiman guy though. rip Saiman Okay, we have the really weird one left. Hindi: इतना निराश, मुझे नहीं पता। हमारे पास बस है। हम जाँच नहीं करते Goddammit, मुझे नहीं पता कि इसका स्वाद कैसा है, इसका स्वाद थोड़ा बहुत princess cake जैसा है आप एक बार princess cake को जरूर चखना हाँ, यह एक स्वीडिश केक है अब तक का एक अच्छा नाश्ता है। मैं इसे रेट करूंगा तेजस्वी ने पांच में से मेरा चेहरा जला दिया। बहुत अच्छा। इसलिए मुझे मेरे साथ यह पवित्र बाइबल मिली है मुझे इसके लिए क्या संकेत देना चाहिए नीली शर्ट हाँ, हाँ। हाँ। मैं हूँ नीली कमीज का बच्चा। ठीक है। चलो सबको नीले रंग से प्यार है। पक्का साइमन उस बच्चा के बारे में सुनिश्चित करने के लिए ठीक है, हमारे पास वास्तव में अजीब हंसी है English: Okay. So, uh this is a bit crumpled because it's, this is very thin Is it not supposed to be? It's not supposed to be crumpled. Caca means shit in Spanish Oooh It smells so much It's methi I'm not sure what methi is. What is methi called in hindi? uhh- Yeah what is it called? let us know. Wait, I knew it. I knew it What is fenugreek? I don't know What kinda snack is this? These are kinda savory, you want a savory snack. Yeah. Yeah. Pretty good. It kinda feels like I've been invited by my grandma. And she's giving me all these weird snacks The height argument is really not working in favor of you. I am standing at a higher level right now. We're standing on a slope! Alright. Yeah This is the real height This is the real height. Yeah, PewDiePie is actually seven feet tall. Thank you Finally someone understands. So now that bitch lasagna and congratulations have been banned -So sad. -This is so sad guys. How do you feel about it? Uh, I came to the UK to listen to it It's the only place? Spanish: Bien, este esta un poco despedazado porque es delgado. No se supone que fueran asi. No esta "Crumpled". - Caca? significa mierda en español? Uhh Huele mucho... Es "mathé". Que significaba eso? - No lo se. Espera, lo sabia, lo sabia... Que es "FenuGreek"?? - Ni idea... Muy bueno, Me acuerdo cuando mi abuela me daba esos snack super raros... Parace que no eres tan alto despues de todo. Estoy parado un poco mas arriba... Esa es su altura real... Si, PewDiePie es en realidad mide 7 pies de altura (2.1mts) asi que ahora que "Bitch Lasagna" y "Congratulations" han sido baneadas.. - Que triste. Me vine al Reino Unido para poder escucharlas. Polish: Hindi: ठीक है। तो, उह यह थोड़ा टेढ़ा है क्योंकि यह बहुत पतला है वे होने वाले नहीं हैं यह नहीं माना जाता है। मेरा मतलब स्पैनिश में गंदगी है यह इतनी बदबू आ रही होगी अगर शायद मुझे यकीन नहीं है कि मैथे क्या है। माथे को अंग्रेजी में क्या कहा जाता है मुझे नहीं पता कि प्रतीक्षा प्रतीक्षा करें रुको, मैं यह जानता था। मुझे पता था fenugreek क्या है? मुझे नहीं पता काफी अच्छा। अरे, कारा, मुझे लगता है कि मुझे मेरी दादी द्वारा आमंत्रित किया गया है। वो मुझे ये सब अजीब सा स्नैक्स दे रही है ऊंचाई का तर्क वास्तव में आपके पक्ष में काम नहीं कर रहा है। मैं बेहतर उच्च स्तर पर खड़ा हूं यही असली ऊंचाई है हाँ, प्यूडीपiई वास्तव में सात फीट लंबा है। धन्यवाद अंत में किसी को तोह समझ आया इसलिए अब कुतिया लसग्ना और बधाई को प्रतिबंधित कर दिया गया है और यह बहुत दुखद है। आप इसके बारे में कैसा महसूस करते हैं? उह, हाय। मैं सुनने के लिए यूके आया था Spanish: Un Santo peregrinaje. Vi que mencionaste la palabra peregrinaje en tu ultimo video- Ahi tienen otro peregrinaje..... - ¿Eso fue una referencia a mi? todo lo que digo es una referencia. - Ahora que estan baneadas, como pueden los niños indios de 9 años escucharlas? Si, tienen que venir aqui. Esteremos en la playa, tenemos snacks, tenemos musica india... ¿musica de T-Seres? - Seguro, por que no?? Esta bebida se llama "Jeera Soda", Jeera es la marca. Asi que, adelante, pruebala. Vamos PewDiePie tu puedes. ¿Donde las consigo? ¿Tienes un codigo SIMON para 10% menos? Uuuuhh...¿Que rayos es esto? ¿Les gusta esto? - Es un gusto adquirido... Hindi: पवित्र पवित्र तीर्थ। मैंने देखा कि आपने अपने वीडियो में तीर्थयात्रा शब्द का उल्लेख किया है। वहां पवित्र बकवास यह एक और तीर्थ है। मैंने इस पवित्र तीर्थ यात्रा की योजना बनाई क्योंकि यह मेरे लिए एक संदर्भ था? हाँ मैं जो कुछ कहता हूं, वह अब एक संदर्भ है कि उन दो गीतों पर प्रतिबंध है। भारतीय नौ साल के इन गानों को कैसे देखेंगे अच्छा, तो मुझे यहाँ बीच पर आना पड़ेगा। हम यहीं रहेंगे। हम आपके स्नैक्स भारतीय संगीत के साथ नाश्ता करेंगे टी-सीरीज़ संगीत क्यों नहीं? जरूर, क्यों नहीं? तो इसको जीरा सोडा कहा जाता है। जीरु एक ब्रांड है हाँ, तो आगे बढ़ें। कोशिश करो प्यूडीपीई आप यह कर सकते हैं 10% छूट के लिए कोड साइमन जोड़ सकते हैं? आपको यह सम्मान भारतीय मिलेगा क्या आपको यह पसंद है?? यह एक अधिग्रहीत स्वाद है यह English: Yeah the holy- holy pilgrimage I saw you mentioned the word pilgrimage in your video, in your LWIAY. Yeah. "Stepped on holy ground there it is another, another pilgrimage." "I planned this holy pilgrimage, guys because-" Was it a reference to me? Yes. Of course, everything I say is a reference Now that those two songs are banned. How should the Indian nine year olds watch these songs? Well, then they'll have to come here on the beach. We'll be here. We have snacks, Indian snacks, Indian music T-series music? Ehh why not Sure. Why not? So this is the drink it's called jeera soda. Jeeru is a brand Okay Yeah, so go ahead. Try it. Come on PewDiePie, you can do this. Where can I get this? Can add code Saimon for 10% off or? *drinks* You'll get this on an Indian- OOOOHHH. What the hell is this? Do you like this? It's an acquired taste. An acquired taste? Tastes like medicine Polish: Spanish: Sabe a medicina.. Es Soda, pero... Se ve tan deliciosa en la foto Esperaba algo como Coca-cola ¿Que esto? - Jeera Cola 120% Lo siento. Lo siento Jeera, me quedo con G-FUEL. Con este video... - Solo nos queda una cosa por hacer. Tranquilos, lo haremos, lo haremos... No puedes negar un "Bro Fist" y decir despues, sabes se acabo, me harte de ti, solo viene por los Snacks Polish: English: So it's soda, but with- ooohhh. You'll take some time, take some time. It looks so appealing on the front I expected like coca-cola or something. What is this? Jeeru stocks dropped to 0% *drinking noises* oohh I'm sorry I'm sorry Jeeru I'll stick with G-Fuel To end this video, We'll settle it once and for all. I think there's only one thing to do. Yeah. No, no *skrattas* You were like, PUT THAT AWAY *skrattas* even more THAT WILL NOT BE WHAT WE PLANNED We'll do that x3 no x5 No, oh no! NO! You don't deny a brofist and then say later! You know what? Screw this! I'm done with you. I came only for the snacks and nothing else. BYE Saiman Says! Hindi: दवा की तरह स्वाद तो यह सोडा है लेकिन यह इतना आकर्षक लग रहा था कि मैं कोका-कोला या किसी चीज़ की अपेक्षा थी। क्या है यहI जीरो स्टॉक शून्य% तक गिर गया मुझे माफ कर दो जीरु मैं जी फ्यूल के साथ रहूँगा I जब यह वीडियो हम इसे एक बार निपटा लेंगे और मुझे लगता है कि ऐसा करने के लिए केवल एक ही चीज़ है हम करते हैं हम करते हैं कि हम ऐसा करेंगे बाद में पता चलता है क्या? चलो यह मैं तुम्हारे साथ किया जाता हूँ। मैं केवल स्नैक्स के लिए आया था और कुछ नहीं English: See if he likes it. This one was really good. Edgar, hey! It just falls apart. *awkward silence* *waves crash in background* *more waves* Like a little school girl, "heeheehee" HA HA Hindi: देखें कि क्या वह वास्तव में खेल पसंद करता है हे नीचे गिर गया एक छोटे स्कूल की लड़की की तरह हा हा! Spanish: Veamos si le gusta. Se desarma. Paresco una colegiala. Polish: Polish: Spanish: (Suscribete) Gracias a PewDiePie Hindi: प्यूडीपIई को सब्सक्राइब करो English: -S-U-B-S-C-R-I-B-E--T-O- THANK YOU PEWDIEPIE

Chinese: 大家好 我们的频道有自己的Patreon了 详细信息在视频结尾处 画面上的……是我的个人作品 从大学开始，我保持着创作这些小视频的习惯 创作的过程让我安定 那是我唯一能感到安宁的时刻 对我而言 创作是生活必需品 最初，《异声影院》也只是一个小创作 我喜欢创作的过程 特别是当我谈论一些无人讨论的事物时 English: Hey everyone I just launched my Patreon page More info at the end. You are… looking at my personal work. I have been creating these small videos since my days in university. I find the creative process to be calming. One of the few times, when I can be one with myself. And that, to me… Is a necessity. I started Accented Cinema, as a creative project. I enjoy the process. And I can to talk about things my friends don’t understand. Chinese: 大家好 我們的頻道有自己的Patreon了 詳細信息在視頻結尾處 畫面上的……是我的個人作品 從大學開始，我保持著創作這些小視頻的習慣 創作的過程讓我安定 那是我唯一能感到安寧的時刻 對我而言 創作是生活必需品 最初，《異聲影院》也隻是一個小創作 我喜歡創作的過程 特別是當我談論一些無人討論的事物時 Chinese: 我在中国广东长大 在这个贸易中心里，亚洲各地的影视作品四方而来 打开电视就能看到周星驰 或是《龙珠》 或是李安 这一切塑造了我的童年印象 一直到我长大了 我才发现，我的童年印象并不普遍 身边没有人和我有共同语言 你看过《街头霸王》电影吗？ 不，我说的是香港的…… 14岁的时候 我跟随家人搬到了蒙特利尔 忽然的变换让我无所适从 世界忽然变大了 我忽然变孤单了 我一句法语都不会讲 Chinese: 我在中國廣東長大 在這個貿易中心裡，亞洲各地的影視作品四方而來 打開電視就能看到周星馳 或是《龍珠》 或是李安 這一切塑造了我的童年印象 一直到我長大了 我才發現，我的童年印象並不普遍 身邊沒有人和我有共同語言 你看過《街頭霸王》電影嗎？ 不，我說的是香港的…… 14歲的時候 我跟隨家人搬到了蒙特利爾 忽然的變換讓我無所適從 世界忽然變大了 我忽然變孤單了 我一句法語都不會講 English: I grew up in the province of Guangdong in China. Movies from all around Asia collide in this trading hub. I could turn on the TV, and see Stephen Chow on one channel, Dragon Ball Z on the next, and Ang Lee on another. All of that, defined my childhood. It was only later in life that I realized, This was somewhat of an unique experience. No one else I talk to understands what I’m talking about. You know that Street Fighter movie? No, the one made in Hong Kong... At age 14. I moved to Montreal with my parent. It took a toll on me. The world suddenly got a lot bigger. And I got a lot lonelier. I couldn’t speak a word of French. Chinese: 电影便变成了每天自我交流的唯一方式 忙碌 自我封闭 自我麻醉 有时，我会一天看四部电影 一直看到深夜凌晨 静静等待世界末日 后来，我去了电影学院 毕竟我也不懂其他东西了 当其他人在发现自己的时候 我的时间都花在了电影上 好片烂片照样看 大学里，我重新学会了语言表达 说英语，说电影 我依然没有谈话的对象 也没有人听我说话 语言都只存在于论文和剧本上 但是简单的创作过程给了我表达自己的方式 English: So, movies became my main way of fooling my brain into thinking I’m communicating. It kept me busy. It drowned out my sensory inputs. It dealt with my emotions I would stay up late into the night. Watching the fourth movie of the day. Waiting for the world to end. I later went to film school. Because I didn’t know much else. When others spent their times discovering themselves. All my times were devoted on movies, good or bad. In college, I learnt how to speak. Both English, and film. I spoke to no one in particular. And no one was listening. It was mostly essays and scripts. But the process of creation, however simple, gave me a voice. Chinese: 電影便變成了每天自我交流的唯一方式 忙碌 自我封閉 自我麻醉 有時，我會一天看四部電影 一直看到深夜凌晨 靜靜等待世界末日 后來，我去了電影學院 畢竟我也不懂其他東西了 當其他人在發現自己的時候 我的時間都花在了電影上 好片爛片照樣看 大學裡，我重新學會了語言表達 說英語，說電影 我依然沒有談話的對象 也沒有人聽我說話 語言都隻存在於論文和劇本上 但是簡單的創作過程給了我表達自己的方式 English: Suddenly, I could speak again. I could forget my accent. I’m in control of my body… I have things to say... Accented Cinema started out as just another creative project. Something to keep me busy. It’s like singing in the shower. I just want to talk about my childhood memories. Questions I wondered about. Films I grew up with. I talked. And twenty thousand of you decided to listen. I’m making this video, because reality finally struck me. That I am not alone any more. My voice has gathered a crowd. And they are talking back This is not my channel any more. Chinese: 忽然间，我能说话了 我可以忽略自己的口音 我能表达自己想要表达的事 我有话要讲 《异声影院》最初只是一个小小的创作 一个占领闲暇时间的策划 就像是浴室里唱歌一样 我不过想花点时间谈谈我的童年记忆 关于那些我思考过的问题 关于我看过的电影 我说了几句话 却被两万多人听见了 我想通过这个视频 告诉大家，我终于反应过来了 我已经不是一个人在说话 我的声音带来了好多人 而大家都在跟我交谈 我的频道不再是我的频道 Chinese: 忽然間，我能說話了 我可以忽略自己的口音 我能表達自己想要表達的事 我有話要講 《異聲影院》最初隻是一個小小的創作 一個佔領閑暇時間的策劃 就像是浴室裡唱歌一樣 我不過想花點時間談談我的童年記憶 關於那些我思考過的問題 關於我看過的電影 我說了幾句話 卻被兩萬多人聽見了 我想通過這個視頻 告訴大家，我終於反應過來了 我已經不是一個人在說話 我的聲音帶來了好多人 而大家都在跟我交談 我的頻道不再是我的頻道 Chinese: 這是我們的頻道了 感謝你的到來 大家好 希望大家喜歡這個額外視頻 關注這個頻道的人大概都知道 我們最近有兩個視頻被版權申索 不能賺取廣告得益 這個頻道的每個視頻背后都有40到60小時的工時 沒有穩定的收入，這個頻道無法持續下去 因此，我為這個頻道建立了Patreon賬號 在這個網頁裡，你可以購買一些額外內容 並在財政上直接支持這個頻道的運營 你可以購買額外視頻、優先看劇本、投票決定視頻主題 並在節目創作過程中提出反響 若你希望對頻道伸出援手，請到頻道的Patreon頁面看看 English: This is our channel now. Thank you, for being here. Hey everyone Thanks for watching this random extra video. If you follow this channel, you probably know Two of our videos have been copyright claimed And dispute rejected. Each video in this channel takes about 40 to 60 hours of research, writing and editing. Without a stable revenue, the channel cannot stay afloat. This is why I launched my Patreon page A place where you can purchase extra perks, and directly support this channel financially. You can get extra videos, script previews, vote on video topics And also be more involved in the creative process. If you’d like to help, hop on over to my Patreon page and have a look. Chinese: 这是我们的频道了 感谢你的到来 大家好 希望大家喜欢这个额外视频 关注这个频道的人大概都知道 我们最近有两个视频被版权申索 不能赚取广告得益 这个频道的每个视频背后都有40到60小时的工时 没有稳定的收入，这个频道无法持续下去 因此，我为这个频道建立了Patreon账号 在这个网页里，你可以购买一些额外内容 并在财政上直接支持这个频道的运营 你可以购买额外视频、优先看剧本、投票决定视频主题 并在节目创作过程中提出反响 若你希望对频道伸出援手，请到频道的Patreon页面看看 Chinese: 但不能直接支持也没有关系 继续看我们的节目，就是莫大的支持 无论如何，请接受我最衷心的感谢 我们下一期节目见 Chinese: 但不能直接支持也沒有關系 繼續看我們的節目，就是莫大的支持 無論如何，請接受我最衷心的感謝 我們下一期節目見 English: If you can’t afford direct donation, that is okay, too. Stick around and keep watching our videos. Regardless, you have my sincerest of gratitude. See you in the next episode.

English: “None are more hopelessly enslaved than those who falsely believe they are free.” These words were written by Goethe nearly 200 years ago, but are perhaps more relevant in our time than they were in his. For many people assume we live in a free society simply because the West has not morphed into a dystopian hell like the one depicted in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four Tyranny, most people believe, would be overt in nature, it would be obvious, and all would recognize it. But is this really the case? Or could we be living in a society analogous to the one depicted by Aldous Huxley in his dystopian novel Brave New World. Could it be that technology, drugs, pornography, and other pleasurable diversions have created a citizenry too distracted to notice the chains which bind them? When Brave New World was first published in 1931 Huxley did not consider the dystopian world he depicted to be an imminent threat. Thirty years later however, following the Second World War, the spread of totalitarianism, and the great strides made in science and technology, Portuguese: "Ninguém está mais escravizado que aqueles que acreditam falsamente em sua liberdade" Estas são palavras escritas por Goethe quase 200 anos atrás, mas são mais relevantes no nosso tempo que no dele. Pois muitas pessoas assumem que vivemos em uma sociedade livre simplesmente porque o ocidente não se transformou em um inferno totalitarista como mostrado na obra de Gerge Orwell 1984 "Tirania", a maioria das pessoas acredita, que seria evidente na natureza, seria óbvio e todos poderiam reconhecêr-lo. Mas este é realmente o caso? Ou nós poderíamos viver numa sociedade como a demonstrada pela série de Aldous Huxley "Brave New World"? Poderiam tecnologia, drogas, pornografia e outros prazeres criarem cidadãos muito distraídos para perceber as correntes que os prendem Quando "brave new world" foi publicado em 1931 Hurxley não considerava uma ameaça iminente. Mas trinta anos depois depois da segunda guerra mundial e a ascensão do totalitarismo e os grandes passos da ciência e tecnologia Vietnamese: "Không ai tuyệt vọng hơn những kẻ nô lệ ngu ngốc tin rằng họ được tự do." Những lời này được viết bởi Goethe gần 200 năm trước, nhưng có lẽ chúng thậm chí còn đúng với thời đại của chúng ta hơn là thời của Goethe. Nhiều người cho rằng chúng ta sống trong một xã hội tự do đơn giản vì Phương Tây đã không trở thành một Dystopian - Phản Địa Đàng giống như mô tả trong Nineteen Eighty-Four của George Orwell (1984) Sự bạo tàn, được hầu hết người cho rằng sẽ bị vạch trần trong thế giới nó sẽ trở thành hiển nhiên, và ai cũng nhận ra nó Nhưng nó có đúng không? Hoặc có thể, chúng ta đang sống trong một xã hội tương đồng với cái mà Aldous Huxley miêu tả trong tiểu thuyết Brave New World Có thể đó là công nghệ, ma túy, văn hóa phẩm khiêu dâm cùng các trò chơi thú vị đã tạo ra một thế hệ công dân quá sao nhãng và không nhận ra những thứ ràng buộc họ? Khi Brave New World được xuất bản lần đầu tiên vào năm 1931 Huxley đã không coi rằng cái thế giới Dystopian ông mô tả là một mối đe dọa. Ba mươi năm sau, tuy nhiên, đi cùng với Chiến tranh thế giới thứ hai, sự lan truyền của chủ nghĩa độc tài, và những bước tiến lớn trong khoa học và công nghệ, German: "Niemand ist mehr Sklave, als der sich für frei hält, ohne es zu sein." Diese Worte wurden vor fast 200 Jahren von Goethe geschrieben, und doch sind sie vielleicht in unserer Zeit zutreffender als in seiner. iw: הכי משועבדים הם אלו החושבים, שהם חופשים, כאשר הם לא (גטה) המילים האלו נכתבו על ידי גטה לפני כמעט 200 שנים. אבל אולי יותר רלוונטיות בימינו מאשר בימיו. רבים חושבים שאנחנו חיים בחברה חופשית פשוט כי המערב לא הפך לגיהנום דיסטופי. כמו זה המתואר על ידי ג'ורג' אורוול ברומן "1984" עריצות, רבים מאמינים תהיה גלויה מטבעה ותהיה מובנת מאליה ורבים יזהו אותה. אבל האם זה אכן המקרה? או שאולי אנחנו חיים בחברה מקבילה למה שאלדוס האקסלי תיאר ברומן הדיסטופי שלו "עולם חדש מופלא". היכול להיות שטכנולוגיה, סמים, פורנוגרפיה והסחות דעת מענגות אחרות יצרו אזרחים שיותר מדי מוסחים מדעת כדי להבחין בשלשלאות הכובלות אותם? כאשר "עולם חדש מופלא" יצא לאור ב1931 האקסלי לא חשב שהעולם הדיסטופי שהוא תיאר הוא בגדר איום מידי. אך לאחר 30 שנים, לאחר מלחמת העולם השנייה, התפשטות הטוטליטריזם, וההתקדמות הרבה במדע וטכנולוגיה, Arabic: لا أحد أكثر عبودية لدرجة ميؤوس منها من أولئك الذين يؤمنون خطأً بأنهم أحرار." هذه الكلمات كتبها (غوته) منذ قرابة 200 عام، لكن لعلها أكثر أهمية في زماننا مما كانت في زمانه. لأن الكثير من الناس يفترضون بأننا نعيش في مجتمع حر لمجرد أن الغرب لم يتحول إلى جحيم بائسة على غرار تلك المصورة في 1984 ل(جورج أورويل) معظم الناس يؤمنون بأن الطغيان يكون علنيا في طبيعته، يكون واضحاً ويدركه الجميع. لكن هل هذا صحيح فعلاً؟ أم هل نعيش في مجتمع مماثل لذلك الذي وصفه (ألدوس هكسلي) في روايته البائسة عالم جديد شجاع. هل من الوارد أن التكنولوجيا والمخدرات والإباحة والانحرافات الممتعة الأخرى قد أنتجت مواطنين لاهين لدرجة أنهم لا يلاحظون الأغلال التي تقيدهم؟ عندما صدر عالم جديد شجاع لأول مرة في 1931 لم يعتبر (هكسلي) العالم البائس الذي صوره تهديداً وشيكاً. لكن بعد ثلاثين عام، بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية، وانتشار الشمولية، والخطوات الهائلة في العلوم والتكنولوجيا، Spanish: "Nadie es más esclavo que aquel que falsamente se cree libre." Estas palabras fueron escritas por Goethe hace casi 200 años Pero quizás son más relevantes para nuestra época que para la suya propia. Muchas personas asumen que viven en una sociedad libre simplemente porque el Occidente no se ha transformado en un infierno distópico. como aquel descrito en "1984" de Orwell la tirania, piensa la mayoría de la gente salta a la v ista en el mundo natural sería obvia, y reconocible por todos. pero, es asi realmente? o, podríamos estar viviendo en una sociedad análoga a la descrita por Aldous Huxley en su novela distópica Un Mundo Feliz. Podría ser que la tecnología, las grogas, la pronografía y otras diversiones hayan creado ciudadanos demasiado distraídos como para notar las cadenas que los sujetan. Cuando Un Mundo Feliz fue publicada en 1931 Huxley no cossideraba el mundo distopico que el mismo describía como una amenaza inminente. pero, treinta años después... luego de la segunda guerra mundial, se expandió el Totalitarismo y las grandes zancadas que se dieron en ciencia y tecnología iw: האקסלי שינה את דעתו. בנאום בשנת 1961, הוא נתן את ההזהרה הבאה: יהיה, בעוד בערך דור, דרך פרמולוגית לגרום לאנשים לאהוב את השעבוד של עצמם, וליצור דיקטטורה ללא דמעות, כלומר, יצירת מחנות ריכוז ללא כאב לחברות שלמות, כך שהחירות תילקח מאנשים, אבל הם יהנו מכך, מכיוון שדעתם תוסח מכל רצון למרוד עקב התעמולה או שטיפת המוח, או שטיפת מוח שתועצם על ידי סמים ונראה שזו תהיה המהפכה האחרונה בעתיד, לפי האקסלי, המעמדות השליטים ילמדו כי שליטה באוכלוסייה תוכל להיות מושגת לא רק על ידי שימוש בכוח, אלא גם על ידי שיטה סמויה של הטבעת ההמונים בזרם אין סופי של הסחות דעת מענגות. ב1948, האקסלי מסביר, השאיפה לכוח מושגת על ידי גרימה כאב, "בעולם חדש מופלא" על די יצירת עונג שאינו פחות משפיל בהרבה Portuguese: Huxley mudou sua opinião e no seu discurso em 1961 ele fez o seguinte aviso: No futuro, segundo Huxley, as classes reguladoras aprendrenderiam que o controle da população pode ser alcançado não só com o uso explícito da força, mas também através do consumo de diversos prazeres. Spanish: cambiaron su opinión. En su discurso de 1961 advirtió de lo siguiente: En el futuro, según Huxley: la clase dominante aprende que el control de un populacho puede ser conseguido no solo a traves del uso de la fuerza, sino bajo el metodo de inundar a las masas con infinitas diversiones placenteras. German: Vietnamese: Huxley thay đổi quan điểm của mình và trong một bài phát biểu được đưa ra vào năm 1961, ông đưa ra cảnh báo sau: Sẽ có, trong thế hệ kế tiếp hoặc xa hơn, một cách nào đó khiến người ta bị mê hoặc và tạo ra một nền độc tài mà không càn máu và nước mắt tạo ra một "Trại tập trung không đau đớn" khiến cho người ta vui sướng khi tự do của chính họ bị tước đoạt bởi vì họ bị sao nhãng bởi bộ máy tuyên truyền và tẩy não hoặc bởi tẩy não kết hợp tăng cường với biện pháp hóa dược Đây có lẽ sẽ là cuộc cách mạng cuối cùng Trong tương lai, theo Huxley, tầng lớp cầm quyến sẽ nhận ra: để kiểm soát dân chúng, không cần phải sử dụng vũ lực mà còn có thể dùng những cách khác để nhấn phìm quần chúng vào vô số những thứ khoái lạc khác nhau. Theo Huxley, trong 1984, nỗi khát quyền lực được thỏa mãn bằng cách gây ra nỗi đau thì trong Brave New World, bằng cách gây ra những khoái lạc nhục nhã English: Huxley changed his opinion and in a speech given in 1961, he put forth the following warning: In the future, according to Huxley, ruling classes would learn that control of a populace could be achieved not only with the explicit use of force, but also with the more covert method of drowning the masses in an endless supply of pleasurable diversions. Arabic: غيّر (هكسلي) رأيه و في خطاب ألقاه في 1961، أطلق التحذير التالي: "في الجيل القادم تقريبا سيكون هنالك طريقة صيدلانية لجعل الناس تحب عبوديتها، وإنتاج دكتاتورية بلا دموع إن صح التعبير، وإنتاج نوع من معسكرات الاعتقال غير المؤلمة لمجتمعات كاملة، لكي يسلب الناس فعلا من حرياتهم، ويستمتعوا بذلك. لأن الدعاية وغسيل الدماغ أو غسيل الدماغ المحسن بطرق صيدلانية سيلهيم عن أي رغبة بالتمرد. ويبدو أن هذه هي الثورة الأخيرة." في المستقبل، وفقاً ل(هكسلي)، ستكتشف الطبقات الحاكمة أن السيطرة على الشعب لا تحقق بالاستخدام الصريح للقوة وحسب، بل أيضاً بالطريقة الأكثر خفاء بإغراق الجماهير بوفرة لانهائية من الانحرافات الممتعة. يشرح (هكسلي): "في 1984، تم إشباع شهوة السيطرة عبر إلحاق الألم؛ في عالم جديد شجاع، عبر إلحاق متعة لا تقل إهانة." Arabic: قد يسأل أحدهم، كيف يمكن استخدام المتعة لحرمان الناس من حريتهم؟ للإجابة عن هذا السؤال علينا أن نناقش التجهيز الاستثابي، وهو طريقة لتعديل سلوك كائن حي. في القرن العشرين، أجرى عالم النفس في هارفرد (ب. ف. سكينر) مجموعة شهيرة من التجارب حيث اختبر طرقاً مختلفة لإدخال سلوكيات جديدة للفئران. ألقت هذه التجارب الضوء على كيفية ترويض "القوى الحاكمة" للناس ليحبوا عبوديتيهم. في مجموعة من التجارب، حاول (سكينر) زرع سلوكيات جديدة عبر التعزيز الإيجابي؛ قام بتقديم الطعام للفأر كلما أدى السلوك المرغوب في مجموعة أخرى من التجارب، حاول إضعاف أو التخلص من سلوكيات معينة عبر العقاب؛ أطلق صدمة مؤلمة عندما قام الفأر بأداء السلوك الذي أراد (سكينر) التخلص منه. اكتشف (سكينر) أن العقوبة وضعت حداً للسلوكيات غير المرغوبة مؤقتاً، لكنها لم تتخلص من حافز الحيوان للقيام بمثل هذه السلوكيات في المستقبل. Portuguese: Como alguém pode perguntar, pode o prazer limitar a liberdade das pessoas? para responder esta pergunta, deveremos discutir condicionamento operante que é um método de mudar o comportamento de um organismo no século 20, o psicólogo de Harvard B.F Skinner realizou famosos experimentos em que ele testou diferentes métodos de introduzir novos comportamentos em ratos. Esses experimentos trouxeram à tona como os poderes podem levar humanos a amar sua servitude. Em um dos experimentos Skinner tentou cultivar comportamentos através de reforço positivo. dando comida aos ratos todas as vezes que eles executavam um comportamento. Já em outro experimento, ele tentou limitar alguns comportamentos através da punição com um estímulo de dor todas as vezes que o rato executava um comportamento indesejado Skinner descobriu que a punição temporariamente pôs fim a comportamentos indesejados. Mas não eliminava as chances do animal realizar o mesmo comportamento no futuro. Vietnamese: Bằng cách nào, có người hỏi, niềm vui (pleasure) có thể được sử dụng để tước đoạt quyền tự do của con người? Để trả lời câu hỏi này, chúng ta phải nói về "Điều kiện hóa Kết quả" (Operant Conditioning) đó là một thuật ngữ nói về một phương pháp thay đổi hành vi của một sinh vật. Trong thế kỷ 20, nhà tâm lý học Harvard BF Skinner đã thực hiện một loạt các thí nghiệm nổi tiếng trong đó ông đã thử nghiệm các phương pháp khác nhau để khám phá những hành vi mới ở chuột. Những thí nghiệm này hé lộ sáng bằng cách nào "Sức mạnh cho" (the powers than be) có thể khiến con người yêu thương hình phạt của họ Trong một loạt thử nghiệm, Skinner đã cố gắng rèn giũa những hành vi mới bằng cách áp dụng những nguyên tắc thưởng - phạt (Positive Reinforcement ông ta cung cấp cho con chuột thức ăn bất cứ khi nào nó thực hiện hành vi ông mong muốn Trong một nhóm thử nghiệm khác, Ông ta cố gắng làm suy yếu hoặc loại bỏ một số hành vi nhất định bằng cách áp dụng hình phạt; bằng các tạo ra một kích thích đau đớn khi chuột thực hiện hành vi Skinner muốn loại bỏ. Skinner phát hiện ra rằng hình phạt tạm thời chấm dứt hành vi không mong muốn, nhưng nó không loại trừ được nỗ lực của động vật để tái thực hiện hành vi này trong tương lai English: How, one may ask, can pleasure be used to deprive people of their freedom? To answer this question, we must discuss operant conditioning, which is a method of modifying an organism’s behavior. In the 20th century, the Harvard psychologist B.F. Skinner performed a famous set of experiments in which he tested different methods of introducing new behaviours in rats. These experiments brought to light how “the powers that be” can condition humans to love their servitude. In one set of experiments, Skinner attempted to cultivate new behaviours via positive reinforcement; he provided the rat with food anytime it performed the desirable behavior In another set of experiments, he attempted to weaken or eliminate certain behaviours via punishment; he triggered a painful stimulus when the rat performed the behavior Skinner wished to eliminate. Skinner discovered that punishment temporarily put an end to undesirable behaviours, but it did not remove the animal’s motivation to engage in such behaviors in the future. iw: ניתן לשאול כיצד, האם ניתן להשתמש בעונג כדי לשלול מאנשים את החופש שלהם? כדי לענות על השאלה הזו, אנו חייבים לדון ב'התניה אופרנטית', שהיא דרך של שינוי התנהגות של אורגניזם. במאה ה-20, פרופסור ב.פ.דקינר מהרווארד ביצע סדרת ניסויים מפורסמת שבהם הוא בדק שיטות שונות לשינוי ההתנהגות של עכברושים. הניסויים הללו הביאו לאור כיצד "בעלי הכוח" יכולים להתנות את ההתנהגות האנושית כדי לשרת אותם. בסדרת ניסויים אחת, סקינר ניסה לטפח התנהגויות חדשות דרך 'חיזוק חיובי': הוא נתן לעכברושים אוכל בכל פעם שהם ביצעו התנהגות רצויה. בסדרת ניסויים אחרת, הוא ניסה להחליש או להעלים התנהגויות מסוימות על ידי עונשים. הוא הכאיב לעכברוש בכל פעם שהוא ביצע התנהגות שסקינר ביקש להעלים. סקינר גילה כי עונש מעלים התנהגויות לא רצויות באופן זמני, אבל לא העלים את המוטיבציה של החיה להתנהג כך בעתיד. Spanish: ¿Cómo? Nos podemos preguntar ¿Cómo puede el placer ser usado para privar a la gente de su libertad? Para responder, debemos discutir el acondicionamiento operativo que es un método para modificar el comportamiento de algún organismo. en el siglo xx, el psicologo de harvard B.F.Skinner, realizó famosos experimentos en los cuales examinó distintos métodos de introducir nuevos comportamientos en ratas. estos experimentos iluminaron el como "los poderes que son" pueden condicionar a los humanos a amar su servidumbre. en uno de sus experimentos... Skinner intentó cultivar nuevos comportamientos vía refuerzo positivo. Él proveía comida a la rata, siempre que presentaba el comportamiento deseado. en otros experimentos... intentaba debilitar o eliminar ciertos comportamientos vía castigo. Enviaba un estímulo doloroso cuando la rata presentaba el comportamiento que Skinner deseaba eliminar. Skinner descubrió que el castigo, temporalmente pone fin a los comportamientos indeseables. pero, no removia la motivación del animal para involucrarse en esos comportamientos en el futuro. German: iw: התנהגות שנענשה סביר כי תשוב לאחר שהעונש לא יחזור על עצמו התנהגויות ששונו על ידי חיזוק חיובי, לעומת זאת, נמשכו ליותר זמן והובילו לשינויים ארוכי טווח בדפוסי ההתנהגות של החיה. האקסלי היה מודע לניסויים של סקינר והבין את ההשלכות הפוליטיות שלהם. ב"עולם חדש מופלא" ויצירות שכתב לאחר מכן, האקסלי ניבא את היווצרותם של "אולוגרכיות שליטה" שיבצעו ניסויים דומים בבני אדם כדי להתנות צייתנות ולצמצם את הפוטנציאל למרי אזרחי. סקינר, כמו האקסלי, הבין את ההשלכות החברתיות של הניסויים שלו, אבל הוא האמין, בניגוד להאקסלי, שהתניה אופרנטית תוכל לשמש מהנדסיים חברתיים לעשיית טוב, שיובילו לפיתוח אוטופיה מדעית. לעומת זאת, הפסקה הבאה מתוך ספרו של סקינר, "ולדן 2", חושף שבמציאות, התניה המונית כזו תאפשר סוג מסוכן של עריצות - כזו שבה ההמונים יהיו משועבדים, אבל יאמינו שהם חופשיים. Spanish: Los comportamientos que fueron condicionados vio refuerzo positivo por otra parte fueron mas duraderos y produjeron cambios a larga data en los patrones de comportamiento del animal. Huxley conocía los experimentos de Skinner y entendía sus ramificaciones socio-políticas. En Un mundo feliz y sus trabajos posteriores Huxley predecía la aparición de una"oligarquía controladora" que podría llevar a cabo experimentos similares en seres humanos para condicionarlos a ser dóciles y minimizar su potencial para agitar la sociedad. Skinner al igual que Huxley, También entendía las implicaciones sociales de sus experimentos, pero creía, al contrario que Huxley, que el Condicionamiento Operativo podía ser usado por los ingenieros sociales para un bien mayor, que llevara al desarrollo que una Utopía gerenciada científicamente. El siguiente fragmento del libro de Skinner: WAlden two, revela que el condicionamiento masivo podría en realidad llevar a una forma perniciosa de tiranía. en la que las masas fueran esclavas, aunque sintieran que son libres. Portuguese: Já comportamentos condicionados positivamente, por outro lado duravam mais tempo nos padrões comportamentais dos animais. Huxley conhecia os estudos de Skinner e entendia as consequências políticas e sociológicas por trás destes. Em "Brave New World" e outros trabalhos Huxley preveu a emergência de uma "oligarquia controladora" que conduziria experimentos similares em humanos para torná-los menos propensos a revoluções civis. Skinner, assim como Huxley também entendia as implicações sociais destes experimentos mas ele acreditava, contrariamente a Huxley que condicionamento operante poderia ser usado por engenheiros sociais para o bem maior. levando ao desenvolvimento de uma utopia cientificamente administrada. A seguinte passagem do livro de Skinner "Walden Two", revela que esse condicionamento em massa, tornaria possible uma forma de tirania uma em que a massa seria escravizada, porém sentindo-se livre. German: English: Behaviors that were conditioned via positive reinforcement, on the other hand, were more enduring and led to long-term changes in the animal’s behavioural patterns. Huxley was familiar with Skinner’s experiments and understood their socio-political ramifications. In Brave New World and his subsequent works, Huxley predicted the emergence of a “controlling oligarchy” (Huxley) who would conduct similar experiments on human beings to condition docility and minimize the potential for civil unrest. Skinner, like Huxley, also understood the social implications of his experiments, but he believed, contrary to Huxley, that operant conditioning could be used by social engineers for the greater good, leading to the development of a scientifically managed utopia. The following passage from Skinner’s book Walden Two, however, reveals that such mass-conditioning would in reality make possible a pernicious form of tyranny - one in which the masses would be enslaved, yet feel themselves to be free. Arabic: يكتب (سكينر): "غالباً ما يظهر السلوك المعاقب من جديد بعد سحب التبعات العقابية." السلوكيات المروضة عبر التعزيز الإيجابي، من جهة أخرى، كانت أكثر استمرارية وأدت إلى تغيرات طويلة الأمد في الأنماط السلوكية للحيوان. كان (هكسلي) على معرفة بتجارب (سكينر) وكان قد فهم تداعيتها الاجتماعية السياسية. في عالم جديد شجاع وأعماله اللاحقة، توقع (هكسلي) ظهور "أقلية حاكمة" ستجري تجارب مشابهة على البشر لترويض الانصياع والحد من إمكانية الاضطراب المدني. سكينر، مثل هكسلي، فهم التداعيات الاجتماعية لتجاربه أيضاً، لكنه آمن، على عكس (هكسلي)، أنه يمكن للمهندسين الاجتماعيين استخدام الهندسة الاستثابية من أجل المصلحة العامة، مؤديا لتطوير مدينة فاضلة بإدارة علميّة. لكن، المقطع التالي من كتاب (سكينر) وولدن اثنان، يكشف أن هذا النوع من الترويض الجماهيري سيفتح الباب في الواقع لشكل خبيث من الطغيان، حيث تكون الجماهير مستعبدة، إلا أنها تشعر بالحرية. Vietnamese: Những hành vi bị phạt có dấu hiệu quay lại sau khi trừng phạt kết thúc Hành vi được điều chỉnh thông qua những phần thưởng. thì lại khác, chúng thay đổi lâu dài đến hành vi của con vậy. Huxley đã quen thuộc với các thí nghiệm của Skinner và hiểu được sự tương quan của nó với chính trị. Trong tiểu thuyết Brave New World và các tác phẩm tiếp theo của ông, Huxley dự đoán sự xuất hiện của một kẻ “đầu sỏ chính trị” (Huxley), kẻ sẽ tiến hành các thí nghiệm tương tự trên con người để khiến dân chúng ngoan ngoãn hơn và tránh những bất mãn bên trong Skinner, như Huxley, cũng hiểu ý nghĩa xã hội của các thí nghiệm của ông, nhưng ông tin rằng, trái với Huxley, điều này cũng có thể dùng với mục đích tốt bởi những Kỹ Sư Xã Hội và dẫn đến sự phát triển của một xã hội như Địa Đàng Đoạn sau đây được dẫn từ cuốn sách "Walden Two" của Skinner, ông cho rằng: quá trình kiểm soát hàng loạt như vậy có thể tạo nên một hiệu ứng ngược. Và trở thành một dạng của bạo chúa khi những người bị xiềng xích lại ngỡ rằng họ đang tự do Arabic: بما أننا نعرف الآن كيف يعمل التعزيز الإيجابي ولماذا لا يعمل التعزيز السلبي، يمكننا أن نكون أكثر تأن وبالتالي أكثر نجاح، في تصميمنا الثقافي. نستطيع تحقيق نوع من السيطرة يشعر فيه المسيطر عليه بالحرية. هو يفعل ما يريد لا ما يجبر عليه. هذا مصدر القوة الهائلة للتعزيز الإيجابي - لا يوجد كبح ولا تمرد. بتصميم متأن، لا نتحكم بالسلوك النهائي بل بالدافع للسلوك - الحوافز، والرغبات، والأمنيات. الأمر الغريب هو أنه في هذه الحالة سؤال الحرية لا يظهر أبداً." في عالم جديد شجاع، كانت المكافأة الرئيسية المستخدمة لترويض العبودية عبر التعزيز الإيجابي مخدراً فائقاً يدعى (سوما). يكتب (هكسلي): "المسيطرون على العالم شجعوا التخدير الممنهج لمواطنيهم لمصلحة الحكومة." تم ابتلاع (سوما) بشكل يومي من قبل سكان عالم جديد شجاع لأنها قدمت ما سماه (هسكلي): "عطلة من الواقع" بحسب الجرعة، أثارت مشاعر من النشوة، أوالهلوسات الممتعة، أو قامت بدور مساعد قوي على النوم. German: English: In Brave New World, the main “reward” used to condition subservience via positive reinforcement was a super-drug called Soma. Soma was ingested daily by the citizens of Brave New World as it offered what Huxley called a “holiday from reality” Depending on the dosage, it stimulated feelings of euphoria, pleasant hallucinations, or acted as a powerful sleep-aid. iw: עכשיו כשאנו יודעים כמה יעיל הוא חיזוק חיובי ומדוע חיזוק שלילי לא, אנחנו יכולים להיות יותר מוכוונים ולכן יותר מוצלחים עם הנדסת החברה שלנו אנחנו יכולים להשיג שליטה שבה הנשלטים....למרות הכל מרגישים חופשיים הם עושים מה שהם רוצים לעשות, לא מה שמכריחים אותם לעשות זה הכוח המדהים של חיזוק חיובי אין עכבות ואין מרד בעזרת הנדסה זהירה, אנו שולטים לאו דווקא בהתנהגות הסופית, אלא בנטייה להתנהגות - המוטיבציות, הרצונות, המשאלות. הדבר המעניין הוא ששאלת ה'חופש' אף פעם לא עולה. בעולם חדש מופלא, ה"פרס" העיקרי שניתן להתנות צייתנות דרך חיזוק חיובי הוא סם-על שנקרא 'סומא.' שליטי העולם, כותב האקסלי, מעודדים נטילת סמים שיטטית של האזרחים לטובת המדינה. 'הסומא' נצרך באופן יומי על ידי האזרחים ב"עולם חדש מופלא". הסם נתן, לפי האקסלי, "חופשה מהמציאות" בהתאם למינון, הסם היה מעורר רגשות של אופוריה, הזיות נעימות, או פעל כמעודד שינה חזק. Portuguese: Em "Brave NEw World" a principal recompensa usada para condicionar bons comportamentos era uma super droga chamada SOMA. SOMA era ingerida todos os dias por cidadãos de BRAVE NEW WORLD Já que fornecia, segundo Huxley um feriado da realidade. Dependendo da dosagem estimulava euforia, alucinações prazerosas ou agia como um poderoso sonífero Spanish: en Un Mundo Feliz La recompensa principal que usaban para condicionar la servidumbre vía refuerzo positivo era una super droga llamada SOMA. el Soma era ingerido diariamente por los ciudadanos del Mundo Feliz lo que Huxley llamó: "vacaciones de la realidad" dependiendo de la dosis. estimulaba la euforia, las alucinaciones plácidas, o funcionaba como ayuda para dormir Vietnamese: Giờ thì chúng ta biết nguyên tác Thưởng Phạt hoạt động thế nào. Nhờ đó, ta có thể có cách làm tốt hơn khi cải tạo nền văn hóa của chúng ta Chúng ta có thể kiểm soát hoàn mà vẫn làm cho những người bị kiểm soát cảm thấy hoàn toàn tự do Họ hoàn toàn làm những gì họ muốn, không hề bị ép buộc. Sẽ không hề có phản kháng hay bất đồng Bằng cách làm khéo léo, chúng ta kiểm soát không chỉ hành vi, mà còn động cơ, khao khát, ước muốn. Điều buồn cười là cả trong khi đó, chẳng ai buồn ngờ vực cả. Trong Brave New World, "phần thưởng" là một thứ Siêu Thuốc có tên gọi là Soma. "Những người cầm quyền khuyên ngươi dân dùng Soma vì lợi ích của quốc gia" Soma được tiêu thụ hàng ngày bởi người dân trong Brave New World vì nó cho cái Huxley gọi "Một kì nghỉ" Tùy thuộc vào liều lượng, nó kích thích cảm giác hưng phấn, ảo giác dễ chịu, hoặc hoạt động như một thứ thuốc giúp ngủ ngon Arabic: كما أنها قامت بزيادة الإيحاء، لتزيد من فعالية الدعاية التي تلقاها المواطنون باستمرار. في عالم جديد شجاع عادة (سوما) لم تكن رذيلة سرية؛ بل كانت مؤسسة سياسية... حصة (سوما) اليومية كانت ضماناً ضد عدم الانتظام الشخصي والاضطراب الاجتماعي وانتشار الأفكار المخربة. صرح(كارل ماركس)، الدين أفيون الشعوب. في عالم جديد شجاع انقلبت هذه الحالة. الأفيون أو بالأحرى (سوما) كان دين الشعب." لكن المسيطرين على العالم في عالم جديد شجاع لم يعتمدوا على (سوما) وحدها. تم الترويج للانحلال الجنسي من قبل الحكومة كوسيلة أخرى لضمان استمتاع الجميع بعبوديتهم. تم حفر شعار "الجميع ملك الجميع" في عقول المواطنين من سن صغيرة، ومع إلغاء أنظمة الأسرة والزواج الأحادي، كان الجميع قادرا على إشباع غرائزه الجنسية دون عائق. حرية الوصول الدائم للإشباع الجنسي ساعدت على ضمان أن المواطنين Spanish: también elevaban el grado de sugestionabilidad y asi incrementaban la eficacia de la propaganda de la que los ciudadanos eran objeto. Pero, los Amos del Mundo , del Mundo Feliz, no dependían única,ente del Soma La promiscuidad sexual era auspiciada por el estado, como otra táctica para asegurarse de que todos disfruten la servidumbre. el slogan: "Todos pertenecemos a alguien más"era taladrado en las mentes de los ciudadanos desde la edad más temprana. y, con las instituciones de la monogamia y la familia abolidas cada quien podía dar rienda suelta a sus impulsos sexuales. el acceso contante a recompensas sexuales, se usaba para asegurarse de que los ciudadanos Vietnamese: Nó cũng được dùng cho tuyên truyền, khiến cho hiệu quả của truyền thông cho những nỗ lực tuyên truyền gia tăng Trong Brave New World, Soma đã trở thành công cụ chính trị Soma được dùng như cách chống lại những cá nhân phản kháng, bất ổn xã hội và những tư tưởng đối nghịch. Các Mác cho rằng tôn giáo là thuốc phiện của người dân Trong Brave new World, tình hình lại trái ngược Ở đây, thuốc phiện, hay Soma, trở thành một tôn giáo. Nhưng bộ máy điều khiển thế giới của Brave New World không chỉ dựa vào Soma. Tình dục lang chạ được Nhà nước đẩy mạnh như một chiến thuật khác để đảm bảo mọi người rất thích sự phục vụ của nhà nước Khẩu hiệu "Mọi người thuộc về mọi người khác" đã được ghi sâu vào tâm trí của công dân từ khi còn trẻ, và với các thể chế một vợ chồng và gia đình bị bãi bỏ, tất cả mọi người đã có thể tận hưởng tình dục mà không có trở ngại. Phương pháp này đảm bảo cho công dân Portuguese: também aumentava a aceitação aumentando o efeito da propagando em cidadãos que tomavam constantemente a droga Mas os regulares de BRAVE NEW WOLRD não dependiam apenas da SOMA Promíscuidade sexual também era promovido pelo Estado, como outra tática Desta forma todos podiam curtir sua servitude. O Slogan: Todos pertencem a todos era divulgado nos cidadãos desde de criança, e com as instituições do casamento e monagamia abolidas, todos poderiam se afogar em seus prazeres sexuais. o constante acesso a gratificação sexual, ajudava a tirar a atenção dos cidadãos German: iw: הוא גם פעל להגביר את היכולת לשכנע אנשים, וכך להגביר את האפקטיביות של התעמולה שהייתה מופנת באופן קבוע כלפי האזרחים. ב"עולם חדש מופלא" צריכת הסומא לא הייתה חטא פרטי, זה היה מוסד פוליטי מנת הסומא היומית הייתה מתכון כנגד אי התאמה אישית, אי שקט חברתי והתפשטות רעיונות מחתרתיים הדת, מרקס אמר, היא האופיום של ההמונים. "בעולם חדש מופלא" המצב התהפך, האופיום, או הסומא היא הדת של ההמונים. אבל השליטים של עולם "חדש מופלא" לא הסתמכו על 'סומא' בלבד. הפקרות מינית קודמה על ידי המדינה כעוד טקטיקה כדי לוודא שכולם נהנים מהצייתנות שלהם. הסיסמה "כולם שייכים לכולם", החודרה למוחות של האזרחים מגיל צעיר, ובגלל שהמוסדות של מונוגמיה והמשפחה בוטלו, כולם היו יכולים להתמכר לדחפים המניעים שלהם ללא עכבות. הגישה התמידים לסיפוק מיני עזרה להבטיח כי האזרחים English: It also served to heighten suggestibility, thus increasing the effectiveness of the propaganda which the citizens were continuously subjected to. But the World Controllers of Brave New World did not rely on Soma alone. Sexual promiscuity was promoted by the State as another tactic to ensure everyone enjoyed their servitude. The slogan “Everyone belongs to everyone else” was drilled into the minds of the citizens from a young age, and with the institutions of monogamy and the family abolished, everyone was able to indulge their sexual impulses without hindrance. The constant access to sexual gratification served to help ensure the citizens Spanish: estuvieran demasiado distraídos para poner atención a su realidad. El entretenimiento proveído por el estado, jugaba un rol importante al crear un " campo de concentración indoloro" dentro del Mundo Feliz Lo que Huxley llamaría: "las más fascinantes distracciones ininterrumpidas" eran usadas por el estado como instrumentos políticos para hundir la mente de los ciudadanos en el "mar de lo irrelevante" Los pataleos que existen entre Un Mundo Feliz y las sociedades modernas, son innegables. en: Un Regreso al Mundo Feliz, publicada en 1958, Huxley se preguntaba como los ingenieros sociales del futuro podrían convencer a sus sujetos para tomar drogas "que los hagan pensar, sentir y comportarse de manera deseada." Concluía: Con toda probabilidad, simplemente bastará con hacer las píldoras suficientes. hoy, un estimado de 1/6 estadounidenses toman alguna forma de droga psicotrópica. Una crisi de opioides se ha expandido en occidente. la disponibilidad de gratificaciones sexuales en internet ha llevado a muchos a la adicción a la pornografía. Arabic: لاهون لدرجة عدم الانتباه لواقع حالتهم. الترفيه المسموح من الحكومة لعب دوراً مهما أيضاً في خلق "معسكر الاعتقال غير المؤلم" في عالم جديد شجاع. ما سماه (هكسلي) "ملاهي متواصلة من أروع الأنواع." كانت مستخدمة من قبل الحكومة كأدوات سياسية لإغراق عقول مواطنينها في "بحر من التفاهة". لا يمكن إنكار أوجه الشبه الموجودة بين عالم جديد شجاع ومجتمعات اليوم. في عالم جديد شجاع المعدل، الصادر في 1958، تساءل (هكسلي) كيف سيتمكن المهندسون الاجتماعيون في المستقبل من إقناع عيناتهم بأخد المخدرات "التي ستجعلهم يفكرون ويشعرون ويتصرفون وفق الطرق التي (هم) يجدونها مرغوبة." استنتج: "على الأرجح مجرد جعل المخدرات متاحة سيكون كافياً." اليوم، قرابة واحد من كل ستة أمريكيين يأخذون نوعاً من الأدوية النفسية. أزمة الأفيون انتشرت في الغرب. القدرة على إشباع الغرائز الجنسية على الإنترنت قادت الكثيرين إلى براثن إدمان الإباحية؛ English: were too distracted to pay attention to the reality of their situation. State-sanctioned entertainment also played an important role in creating the “painless concentration camp” of Brave New World. What Huxley called “non-stop distractions of the most fascinating nature” were used by the state as instruments of policy to drown the minds of its citizens in a “sea of irrelevance”. The parallels which exist between Brave New World and societies of the modern day are undeniable. In Brave New World Revisited, published in 1958, Huxley asked himself how future social engineers could convince their subjects to take drugs “that will make them think, feel, and behave in the ways [they] find desirable.” He concluded: “In all probability it will be enough merely to make the pills available.” Today, an estimated one in six Americans are on some form of psychotropic drug. An opioid crisis has spread across the West. The ability to gratify sexual impulses online has led many into the clutches of pornography addiction; Portuguese: muito distraídos para prestar atenção na presente situação O Estado também criava campos "sem dor" em Brave new World. O que Huxley chamava de distrações mais fascinantes sem parar era utilizada como instrumentos da política para ocupar a mente dos cidadãos em um "mar de irrelevância" Os paralelos entre Brave New World e Sociedades Modernas é inegável. Na versão revisada de Brave New World, em 1958 Huxley se perguntava como os engenheiros sociais do futuro convenceriam sujeitos a tomar drogas que vão fazêr-los sentir, pensar e se comportar de maneira que eles pensam ser desejável. Ele concluiu: Em toda probabilidade possível, é suficiente apenas tornar drogas disponíveis. Hoje cerca de 1 a cada 6 americanos estão sob efeito de alguma droga psíquica Um críse de opiódies se espalhou pelo ocidente A habilidade de satisfazer impulsos sexuais online levou muitos a vícios de pornografia German: iw: יהיו יותר מדי מוסחי דעת כדי לשים לב למציאות של מצבם. בידור בחסות המדינה שימש תפקיד חושב ביצירת "מחנות ריכוז חסרי כאב" של "עולם חדש מופלא" מה שהאקסלי כינה "הסחות דעת בלתי פוסקות מהסוג המדהים ביותר" שימשו את המדינה ככלים של מדיניות שמטרתה להטביע את המוחות של האזרחים ב"ים של שטויות" ההקבלות הקיימות בין "עולם חדש מופלא" והחברות של היום אינם ניתנים להכחשה. ב"עולם חדש מופלא ביקור שני", שיצא לאור ב1958, האקסלי שואל את עצמו כיצד מהנדסי חברה בעתיד יוכלו לשכנע את נתיניהם לקחת סמים "שיגרמו להם לחושב, להרגיש, ולהתנהג בדרכים שהם (השליטים) ירצו" הוא הסיק: "בהסתברות גבוהה מספיק יהיה להנגיש את הכדורים" היום, מוערך כי אחד מתוך שש אמריקאים משתמש בסם פסיכוטרופי, משבר של אפיאוידים התפשט במערב. היכולת לספק דחפים מיניים ברשת הוביל רבים למלתעות ההתמכרות לפורנוגרפיה: Vietnamese: trở nên phân tâm đến nỗi không còn để ý đến tình hình của họ Giải trí cũng được bộ máy nhà nước trong sử dụng để tạo nên những "trại tập trung thoải mái" (nhái lại những trại tập trung của Đức - WW2) Đây là thứ mà Huxley gọi là “sự sao lãng không ngừng từ thứ hấp dẫn nhất” Thứ này được nhà nước dùng làm công cụ để nhấn chìm trí óc của công dân Ngày này, các điểm tương đồng giữa Brave New World và xã hội hiện đại là không thể chối cái Trong Brave New World Revisited, xuất bản năm 1958, Huxley tự hỏi làm thế nào các kỹ sư xã hội trong tương lai có thể thuyết phục đối tượng của họ uống thứ thuốc "làm cho họ suy nghĩ, cảm nhận và hành xử theo những cách [họ] thấy mong muốn." Ông kết luận: "Họ sẽ làm sản xuất những thứ thuốc này hàng loạt." Ngày nay, ước tính một trong sáu người Mỹ sử dụng những thuốc tâm thần Cuộc khủng hoảng này đang lan rộng khắp Phương Tây Trên mạng, sự đơn giản để tiếp cận văn hóa phẩm đồi trụy dẫn đến chứng nghiệm phim ảnh khiêu dâm Arabic: كما توفر الهواتف الذكية والتقنيات الأخرى تلهية ممتعة وفارغة تستهلك انتباه معظم الناس لمعظم اليوم. من غير الواضح مدى الترويج المتعمد لهذه الانحرافات ومدى كونها استجابة عفوية لطلب المستهلك، لكن مهما كانت الإجابة، الواقع هو أن الجماهير اللاهية والغافلة تفتقر ببساطة للموارد الذهنية لمقاومة عبوديتها. إلى أن يتبدل الهتاف المعاصر: "أعطني تلفازا وهامبرغر، لكن لا تزعجني بمسؤوليات الحرية" بالهتاف: "أعطني حرية، أو أعطني الموت." لن تنتصر الحرية. بالأحرى، طالما باع الناس حريتهم مقابل المتع والراحة، فإن نوع الترويض الاجتماعي الذي حذر منه (هكسلي) لن يزداد إلا فعالية وجودة مع تقدم التكنولوجيا واكتساب المزيد من المعرفة حول تنبؤ السلوك البشري والتحكم به. سنرى في المستقبل إذا كان أغلبنا قادراً على مقاومة هذا النوع من التلاعب، أو لو كنا حتى نرغب بذلك. إذا استمر الميول الحالي، قد تنقسم البشرية قريباً إلى مجموعتين. German: Portuguese: e os celulares provem prazer sem pensar e infinitas distrações que consomem a atenção da maioria das pessoas,a maior parte do dia Até que ponto essas diversões são intencionalmente empurradas para gente E até que ponto acessamos espontaneamente.. Ainda não é claro. Mas não importando a resposta A realidade é que uma sociedade distraída simplesmente falta em recursos mentais para resistir sua escravidão. até o choro moderno de: "Me dê uma televisão e hambúrgueres mas não me incomode com responsabilidade de liberdade. seja substituído pelo choro de: Me dê liberdade ou me dê morte. a liberdade não irá prevalecer Enquanto isso as pessoas trocam sua liberdade por prazeres e confortos, o tipo de condicionamento que huxley exemplificou só vai tornando-se mais efetivo e refinado. com o avanço das tecnologias e mais capacidade os engenheiros sociais tem de dominar o comportamento humano. Se a maioria será capaz de resisitir a dominação ou se vamos querer, prevalece um mistério Se as modas atuais continuarem, huminadade em breve estará dividida em dois grupos iw: וטלפונים חכמים וטכנולוגיות נוספות מספקות הסחות דעת מהנות ומענגות אשר מכלות את צומת הלב של רוב האנשים, רוב היום. המידה שבה הסחות הדעת נדחפות עלינו בכוונה או האם הם תשובות ספונטניות של דרישת לקוחות אינו ברור. אבל מה שלא תהיה התשובה המציאות היא שאוכלוסייה מוסחת דעת ושהופכת לטיפשה חסרים לה היכולות המנטליות כדי להתנגד לשיעבוד. עד הדרישה המודרנית של "תנו לי טלוויזיה, והמבורגרים, אבל אל תפריעו לי עם האחראויות של החירות" תוחלף בקריאה ל"תנו לי חירות או תנו לי מוות" החירות לא תנצח. כל עוד אנשים יוותרו על החופש שלהם תמורת הנעה ונוחות, ההתניה החברתית שהאקסלי הזהיר מפניה רק תהפוך ליותר מעודנת ויעילה. ככל שהטכנולוגיה תתקדם ותהיה יותר תובנה לגבי ניבוי ושליטה של התנהגות אנושית. האם רובנו נוכל לעמוד בפני סוג כזה של מניפולציה, או שהאם בכלל נרצה בכך, נותר רק לנחש. אם המגמות הנוכחיות ימשיכו, האנושות עלולה להתחלק לשתי קבוצות. Vietnamese: đi cùng với điện thoại thông minh và các công nghệ khác khiến người ta sao nhãng và lấy đi hết sự chú ý của con người trong cả ngày Ở mức độ nào, những thứ này CỐ TÌNH làm ta mất tập trung và ở mức độ nào đó, chúng chỉ phản ứng tự phát với nhu cầu của người tiêu dùng, Điều này không rõ ràng. Nhưng dù câu trả lời là gì, thực tế là Sự phân tâm và một quần chúng ngu muội sẽ thiếu nguồn lực tinh thần để chống lại ách nô lệ. Cho đến khi con người ta kêu than "Hãy cho tôi truyền hình và bánh mì kẹp thịt, nhưng đừng ép tôi đứng lên dành tự do ” được thay thế bởi tiếng kêu "Hãy cho tao tự do, hoặc cho tao cái chết" tự do sẽ không thắng thế. Thay vào đó, miễn là mọi người bán rẻ tự do của họ cho những thú vui và thoải mái, cách kiểm soát xã hội mà Huxley cảnh báo sẽ chỉ trở nên tinh tế và hiệu quả hơn bởi vì công nghệ tiên tiến và những hiểu biết cao cấp có thể dự đoán và kiểm soát hành vi của con người tốt hơn Cho dù phần lớn chúng ta có thể chống lại kiểu thao túng này, hoặc cho dù chúng ta thậm chí muốn, vẫn còn để được nhìn thấy. Nếu xu hướng hiện tại tiếp tục, nhân loại có thể sớm được chia thành hai nhóm. English: and smart phones and other technologies provide mindless and pleasurable distractions which consume the attention of most people, most of the day. To what extent these diversions are intentionally pushed upon us and to what extent they are spontaneous responses to consumer demand, is unclear. But whatever the answer, the reality is that a distracted and dumbed down population simply lacks the mental resources to resist their enslavement. Until the modern cry of “Give me television and hamburgers, but don’t bother me with the responsibilities of liberty” is replaced by the cry “Give me liberty, or give me death” freedom will not prevail. Rather, so long as people trade their liberty for pleasures and comfort, the type of social conditioning Huxley warned of will only become more refined and effective as technologies advance and more insight is gained regarding how to predict and control human behaviour. Whether the majority of us will be able to resist this type of manipulation, or whether we will even want to, remains to be seen. If the current trends continue, humanity may soon be divided into two groups. Spanish: y los telefonos inteligentes y otras tecnologías brindan distracciones placenteras y sin mente que consumen la atención de mucha gente la mayor parte del día. hasta que punto estas diversiones nos son intencionalmente impulsadas y hasta que punto son repuestas espontáneas de la demanda de los consumidores no es nada claro. pero, cualquiera que sea la respuesta en realidad, una población distraída y atontada, carece del recurso mental necesario para resistir la esclavización. Hasta que: La consigna moderna de "Denme tv y hamburguesas... ...pero no me molesten con las responsabilidades de la libertad" ha sido reemplazada por:" Denme libertad, o denme la muerte" La libertad no prevalecerá. en su lugar, mientras la gente cambie sus libertades por placeres y comodidades el tipo de condicionamiento social del que Huxley nos advertía, lega a ser mas y mas refinado y efectivo según las tecnologias avanzan y se gane más comprensión sobre como predecir y controlar el comportamiento humano. ya sea que la mayoría de nosotros pueda resistir esta manipulación o, que siquiera lo deseemos, esta por verse. si la tendencia se mantiene, la humanidad se dividirá en dos grupos: Portuguese: Aqueles que dão boas vindas a sua servitude prazerosa E aqueles que resistem para manter sua liberdade e sua humanidade. Segundo o ex-escravo Frederich Douglas, no século 19 bem antes de Brave New World existir, "Quando escravos se tornam escravos felizes ele acaba de recusar a tudo que o torna humano" iw: יהיו אלה שיקבלו בברכה את השיעבוד הנעים שלהם, ואלו אשר יתנגדו לו רק כדי לשמור על חירותם אלא אף על האנושיות שלהם. כמו שאמר העבד לשעבר פרדריק דאגלס באמצע המאה ה-19, הרבה לפני שהאקסלי כתב את "עולם חדש מופלא, כאשר עבד הופך לעבד שמח, הוא בעצם מוותר על כל מה שהופך אותו לאנושי. מצאתי, שכדי להפוך אדם לעבד שמח, חשוב לעשות אותו חסר מחשבה... הוא חייה לא לשים לב לחוסר העקביות שבעבדות: והוא יכול להגיע לשם רק כאשר יפסיק להיות אדם. German: Arabic: سيكون هنالك من يرحبون بعبوديتهم الممتعة، ومن يختارون مقاومتها من أجل الحفاظ ليس على حريتهم فقط بل على إنسانيتهم، . لأنه كما لاحظ العبد السابق (فريدريك دوغلاس) في منتصف القرن التاسع عشر، قبل أن يكتب (هكسلي) عالم جديد شجاع بكثير، عندما يصبح العبد عبداً سعيداً، فقد تخلى عملياً عن كل ما يجعله إنساناً." لقد وجدت أنه من أجل صنع عبد سعيد، يجب صنع عبد أبله... يجب ألا يستطيع اكتشاف أي تناقضات في العبودية؛ يجب أن يشعر بأن العبودية صحيحة؛ وهذا ممكن فقط عندما يتوقف عن كونه إنسانا." (فريدريدك دوغلاس، قصة حياة فريدريك دوغلاس) Spanish: aquellos que bienvienen a la servidumbre placentera, y aquellos que eligen resistirse por el bien de mantener, no solo su libertad, Sino también su humanidad. Asi lo anotó, quien fuera esclavo, Frederick Douglas en el siglo XIX mucho antes de que Huxley escribiera Un Mundo feliz "Cuando un esclavo se vuelve un esclavo feliz, en verdad ha renunciado a lo que lo hacía humano". Adrián Grimm e9mu English: There will be those who welcome their pleasurable servitude, and those who choose to resist it for the sake of retaining not just their liberty, but their humanity. For as the former slave Frederick Douglass noted in the mid-19th century, long before Huxley wrote Brave New World, when a slave becomes a happy slave, he has effectively relinquished all that which makes him human. [Subtitle from the transcript] Vietnamese: Sẽ có những người sung sướng đón nhận sự khoái lạc của họ, và những người chọn để chống lại nó không chỉ vì lợi ích của họ, mà còn cả nhân loại. Với tư cách là nô lệ cũ, Frederick Douglass đã cảnh báo vào giữa thế kỷ 19, rất lâu trước khi Huxley viết Brave New World, Khi một kẻ nô lệ trở thành nô lệ hạnh phúc anh ta sẽ rũ bỏ sạch sành sanh mọi thứ khiến cho anh ta là con người. Tôi thấy rằng, để tạo ra một nô lệ thoải mái, Cần lắm tạo ra những kẻ không biết nghĩ Kẻ này không thể biết sự ngu ngốc khi là nô lệ Hắn phải được dạy rằng Làm nô lệ là đúng đắn, và kiếp nô lệ chỉ kết thúc khi hắn thôi làm người.

ORSATO: Resta concentrato! Il tuo migliore KARATE è ancora dentro di TE! Devi solo tirarlo fuori! Telecronista:"Riprendiamo il combattimento!" PJANIC: Arrrrghhhhhhhhh!!!!!!!! [MOSSA FINALE] Telecronista:"Un fallo da ROSSO! Straordinario, veramente straordinario" E' il primo che abbia vinto per due anni di seguito!

I'm a celebrity and-- [LAUGHTER] You know that. But I do things the same as you. And I went the other day to do some shopping. And just like you, I go in for one thing and then I end up with 40 things. And unlike you, I pay with a gold bar, but-- [LAUGHTER] I noticed while I was shopping that sometimes stores have regular products, but then they have lady products. Have you noticed that? Which is the same thing, but pink. And they have pink razors, and they have pink deodorant. And now I found something else that comes-- here's the first thing right there. It is a gentle laxative tablet. And I won't tell you why I bought them, I'll just tell you who I bought them for-- Mary. Well, you asked me to buy them, Mary. Let's call that exhibit A, because I don't want to say the word laxative again. And then this is here. This is exhibit B, women's gentle laxative tablets in pink, of course. That's how you know it's safe for a lady to take. Both bottles are the same price because they have the same thing inside. I'm kidding. The pink one has 40 fewer tablets. I know that's not a good deal, because I ask a man to do the math. [LAUGHTER] This-- this is insane. Same amount of money, 40 less tablets. That's not the most ridiculous thing I found. Because then I went over to Office Depot. I didn't need anything, but I just wanted to sniff the markers. [LAUGHTER] And then I found this. And it's a super cute emergency escape hammer. If you get in a car accident, you can use this to cut your seat belt or break a window. As you can see, it's pink and shiny. That's why I was immediately drawn to it. And if you look right here, it says, get out, girl. [LAUGHTER] No, you get out, super cute emergency escape hammer. Apparently, the lady car accidents are adorable. And there's not even a mirror. How am I supposed to check my makeup after I drive into a lake? I don't understand. They sell a non-lady version that looks like this, but that's yellow. That doesn't make me want to get it. Plus, how do I get my little lady hands around something this big? The yellow hammer's $8. The pink one is $12. Once again, we're paying more for less. We don't want pink hammers. We don't want pink laxatives. We want the same thing for the same price. And a changing room with decent lighting. That's what we want. [APPLAUSE] And a Friends reunion, that's what we want. [CHEERING] We're going to make that happen.

There is nothing keeping us together other than the fact that we have already been together for so long look Tuna, I don't know what there is left to say You're not in love with me anymore Tell me you love me and you want to spend the rest of your life with me Look me in the eye and tell me I'm sorry The night before you dumped me you told me that you loved me so Look me in the eye and tell me that you don't love me now. I Went crazy when I was with you can't ever happen again That's not supposed to do that you made me go mad will making me mad now Effy why is it so hard for You to factor me into your life in any real way Well, maybe I can't do this anymore Yeah, but you do You said you loved me I do and why does it hurt so You're leaving me because you believe that you don't deserve happiness, but you do honor Did you ever love me Capability if you were someone capable of being alone Someone capable of not suffocating I wasn't suffocating. I was trying to show you they're trying to gain. I was trying to save This there is no future not anymore

(cheerful music) Hi! I'm Miss Penny. Are you heading back to preschool? It might look a little different than you expect. Let's take a look. Clean classrooms and clean hands are essential. You may see tables and other surfaces getting wiped down, and toys getting cleaned more than usual. That's to make sure you stay safe and healthy. We always have daily bleach and water made, every morning, and we keep those stocked in our classrooms. [Miss Penny] Washing hands throughout the day is another way to stay safe. It's really important to wash them between activities and before and after you eat and go outside. Be sure to lather up with soap and count to 20, or just count all your fingers twice, to get rid of any germs. As Miss Kelly always says... Cleanliness is godliness (laughs). [Miss Penny] Tune in for more Kid Vision Healthy Habits Back to Preschool (cheerful music)

Yes indeed shield M 2.0 is here ladies and gentlemen! for this video I'm going to give you a little bit of an overview of the M&P Shield platform in general and explain to you the perks and benefits of this new 2.0 series and if you have any questions or comments leave them in the comment section below so I just want to start out with some basic stuff this, this right here is my old Smith & Wesson M&P this is the 1.0 version of the Shield it was introduced in 2012 took the concealed carry market by storm because it was a really neat entry into the pocket pistol market. We're talkin somethin gun that's really slim, less than one inch wide which is really desirable super lightweight a 3.1 inch length barrel in the 9mm and 40 calibers platforms. What really set this gun apart was not the fact that it was small and light but the fact that it was really shootable and as a result by 2015 over 1 million -- 1 million of these little babies and some various form or configuration were sold. Pretty awesome right? That's a pretty awesome thing and and it has been my carry gun for years now and I absolutely love it, but what can you do to make something better, right? That's what Smith is always asking and so when they looked at the 2.0 platform they thought, hmm what can we do to a firearm that's going make it even better aside from the normal things that we know and love about the Shield. And so here you have it. Behold the new 2.0 Shield! Now the 2 major differences that you will find with this particular gun over the 1.0 are 2 factors that shooters really really care about -- that's grip and trigger. Everything comes down to these things when it comes to shootability. You know, these little guns are very, very capable this is not the type of firearm you're going to stand on the line at Camp Perry shooting bullseye at 50 yards. No. You could. I mean, you could if you wanted to, but because this type of firearm and generally pocket pistols or concealed carry pistols have a shorter sight radius it makes a lot more difficult to see any errors in your sight picture so that's not specifically what they're designed for. So the aspect that we really care about in the concealed carry is how well we can hang on to that gun and how well we can squeeze the trigger to get a shot off quickly and accurately. That's what it comes down to right and so that's what they focused on this Shield. Let's talk about the trigger first. The original M 1.0 shield had, how can I say this? A trigger that had a bit of roll to it. It was like.. kind of like mashed potatoes, a little mushy and a lot of people don't appreciate that new trigger. I myself enjoy a trigger with a lot of roll in it. If you're a revolver shooter you probably like this a lot, but if you focus a lot of your time on striker-fired pistols you are probably infatuated with what everyone else is infatuated with at the moment -- which is the reset. What we mean by reset... I'll show you clear, no magazines... Trigger reset means that as you squeeze the trigger it goes bang and instead of letting your trigger finger fly off the face of the trigger and squeezing again you're going to stop and reset it only as far as it needs to go in order to make everything happen inside the trigger mechanism, the sear and all that good stuff so that you can squeeze the trigger again. It makes for a lot faster and sometimes smoother trigger pull for a lot of people and this is how you can get really really fast repetitive splits, shot to shot splits. A lot of people really like that. One of the things that they didn't care so much about where the original M&P 1.0 Shield was the fact that this reset wasn't as, it wasn't as easiest to detect and with this new development, the engineers changed this M&P Shield trigger so that now, not only can you feel this reset click you can also hear it so it's tactile and audible. The other feature about this particular trigger system is that it's crisp that means the as you squeeze the trigger you're going to feel that take-up and then you're gonna feel tension and instead of a lot of roll, a smooth like movement or something long, you're going to feel it break and that is a desirable trait for a lot of shooters. They really like this style of trigger. They feel that they shoot it better and so with the 2.0 that is basically what they've done on the internals so that it feels a lot like a lot of other striker fire guns and the guns that they're familiar with. The other main difference here is in grip texture. This texture here is much more aggressive than on the original Shield it's not something that you'll notice so much to the eye, but it's definitely something you'll notice as you feel it What's great about this texturing is it not only fills the palmswell area but it's also on the front of the grip, the front and as well as on the side panels. This allows you to have texturing anywhere your skin is going to make contact with this grip. Very, very important because you want to be able to hang on to it. Now a lot of people they like a smooth grip because they think it feels really good, but if you've ever had your hands get wet or a little bit sweaty you'll notice that things slip around a bit. I even find this happens when my hands get cold. For some reason my skin seems to feel really smooth when it gets cold so that combined with the fact that it's little harder to grip the gun makes it harder to get a good purchase but because of this texturing I not only feel it in the back but I feel it in the front where I can control it and also where my support hand meets the grip just like so. Very, very nice! So grip and trigger are the two major stand out features. But wait, but wait there's more! Not only do they make modifications to these two components of the Shield platform they also make it available in a lot of different configurations so you can get this in 9mm and .40 cal as well as with a thumb safety or without a thumb safety and if you hadn't noticed, this little red part right here on the gun, it also has an option where you can purchase it with an integrated Crimson Trace laser. This is really cool if you're familiar with the M&P bodyguard series. This is something that you'll notice. This is a really cool way to set up a laser and is one of my favorites because it's so easy to reach and being on the Shield it's just another great option. Not only can you reach it with your trigger finger even if you've got short little stubby fingers like me that desperately need some new nail polish, you can also reach it with your support hand thumb so you have two possible ways that you can access this laser. It has a steady stream and then also a pulse so you have click it once for steady stream, a 2nd time for that pulsating stream & then click it one more time to turn it off. So if you're looking for a firearm with an integrated laser this is a great option. There's also the option for those standard three dot sights or you can also upgrade to the night sight version as well. Again a lot of the same standard things that you know and love about the Shield, that Armonite finish, the fact that you get two magazines... I'll even show you those. In 9mm, you get a seven round magazine that is flush with the bottom of the gun. This is the way I personally carry it on my body because I want the grip as short as possible and as you can see it's not a problem with my short hands and then I use the 8 round magazine with the a little extender grip for my back up magazine but a lot of people find that they need that additional little length because they have bigger paws than I do. So lots of different options, lots of different configurations and again the two primary benefits to an already great gun is an improved trigger and of course that grip texture all the way around! Love it right! Did I miss anything? I think I got everything on there so let me know what you think about the new 2.0 Shield and if you're gonna go out and get one. If you had a Shield let me know what you like about it down below as well. If you have any interest in checking out the new versions... You know one thing I was really curious about with this addition of the laser, I went ahead and took it, both my old carry gun and my new carry gun, down stairs on my postal scale in my office and little fun fact, on my scale both guns weighed exactly the same at 1 pound 2.6 ounces. Again I don't know my scales are calibrated right but they're equal They were the same and so I was curious if this additional laser would add a little weight to the end of the gun but it's absolutely same. The Shield is one of my absolute favorite favorite carry guns out there and the reason being is that it just... You know, when you talk about a gun fitting your hand? Well this one, this one is just magic for me. I have smaller hands & I feel like I can get such a good purchase on it and because you have an 18-degree grip angle, being that 1911 girl that I am at heart and starting out on the 1911 platform in that style of firearm, I really feel the ergonomics of this gun really work in my favor and so a lot of times with these smaller handguns, they tend to kick a little bit more, it's a little bit harder to line the sights because of that short sight radius, it's harder to be accurate, the trigger might be a little bit too difficult and this this gun actually feels like it's shoots like a full size gun versus the actual package that it's in so it's one of my absolute favorites. Will there be one available without the laser Joel asks? Yes, there is there are lots of SKUs available if you go to Smith & Wesson's website Smith-Wesson.com -- there's a huge beautiful photo of the new Shields up there and there are lots of different SKUs from no thumb safety to night sights to laser to thumb safety lots of different configurations so you can check it out in both 9mm and 40 calibers. Are current Shield magazines compatible? I believe so with the other launch of the 2.0 platform with the new compact those magazines are compatible so I would imagine these are as well, but I will double check to make sure. I love my M&P 2.0 5 inch barrel as a range gun most accurate gun I own. Yes! Can't wait to get the Shield 2.0 for a carry option here. You're a 5 inch gun needs a little friend! that's right! Can we expect to see a subcompact M 2.0? one of the things that S&W came out with last year when we talked about coming out with a 2.0 platform is an extension of the lines I don't know, I'm not in the secret squirrel part of the world so I don't know exactly what's going on at Smith & Wesson in the engineering department, but I do know that R&D is constantly in consideration so maybe we'll just have to wait and see! When will they be available in stores? Jason, they are available now! They are available now. You can make orders for them. One of the neat things about the recent launches that Smith has gone through is instead of the old classic hey, we have a new gun you can get it next year, they're actually available so that's a really really cool thing and if for some reason your dealer doesn't have one or doesn't know about them send them to the Smith webs ite, have them to talk to their distributor and get one in on order. So again, if you have any questions please leave them in the comments section below. Have a great day and be safe and have fun! Later!!!